ee - Pod onl” ¥ x loin, adage es srnlietiGl:taaeaacaie at ~s ean ee: pe ime lny et ee ti pa ae ate’ Pa pop ame vres tee = tetnine ih oats co ee Avena, - vee ~ we SMITHSONIAN: MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS VOLUME 114 (WHOLE VOLUME) SMITHSONIAN METEOROLOGICAL TABLES SIXTH REVISED EDITION PREPARED BY ROBERT J. LIST Meteorologist, U. S. Weather Bureau SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION PRESS CITY OF WASHINGTON Y & os Smithsonian Publication 4014 Sixth revised edition published 1949 Fourth reprint issued 1968 NOV 1 6 2000 *) LIBRARIES PREFACE The rapid development of .the science of meteorology during the past two decades has made necessary a complete revision of both the scope and con- tents of the Smithsonian Meteorological Tables. A. Wetmore, Secretary of the Smithsonian Institution, which has been publishing these tables since 1852, and F. W. Reichelderfer, Chief of the Weather Bureau, recognized this need. A steering committee of Weather Bureau meteorologists, con- sisting of H. Wexler, Chairman, R. A. Allen, J. E. Caskey, Jr., P. F. Clapp, R. N. Culnan, R. D. Fletcher, J. R. Fulks, C. Harmantas, L. P. Harrison, W. C. Jacobs, J. K. McGuire, J. Namias, and H. W. Norton, was formed to make recommendations concerning the new revision and to serve in an advisory capacity. Funds for the preparation of the manuscript were trans- ferred by the Weather Bureau to the Smithsonian Institution, and under the supervision of L. B. Aldrich, Director of the Astrophysical Observatory, work on the new manuscript was started. It is a pleasure to acknowledge both the administrative cooperation and scientific information received from Mr. Aldrich. In preparing this volume, every effort has been made to obtain the latest and most authoritative data available, and to follow as far as possible the most recent recommendations of the International Meteorological Organiza- tion. Suggestions were also solicited from the various branches of the armed forces concerned with meteorological problems, from the several universities having meteorology departments, and from other interested individuals and organizations. Explanations, sources of data, methods of computation, and pertinent references accompany all tables. No material on meteorological codes and symbols, descriptions of meteorological stations, or climatological data have been included in this revision. It would be impossible to acknowledge all the cooperation and assistance received in the preparation of this volume. A particularly large debt of gratitude is owed to L. P. Harrison, Chief of the Technical Investigations Section of the Weather Bureau, who has unhesitatingly given so much of his time and attention to this project, and without whose mature judgment it would have been impossible to complete this work in its present form. Grateful acknowledgments are also due to J. A. Goff and S. Gratch of the Towne Scientific School of the University of Pennsylvania for contributing all the material for tables 84-92 and for furnishing the computations for table 72; to S. Fritz of the Weather Bureau for his assistance in preparing the section on radiation; to W. D. Lambert and J. A. Duerksen of the Coast and Geodetic Survey for information concerning gravity and other geodetic ili iv PREFACE problems; to E. W. Woolard of the Nautical Almanac Office of the Naval Observatory for astronomical and related data; and to the many experts consulted at the National Bureau of Standards. Computations for several of the longer tables were made by the Machine Tabulation Unit of the Weather Bureau. Special data or computations for individual tables were furnished by R. Gunn, I. F. Hand, W. E. Howell, L. D. Kaplan, J. B. Leighly, T. H. MacDonald, and R. B. Montgomery, all of which have added greatly to the value of this volume. Permission to reproduce copyrighted material has been kindly granted by the American Air Filter Company, Inc., the McGraw-Hill Book Company, Inc., Prentice-Hall, Inc., and the Reinhold Publishing Cor- poration ; all such material is acknowledged at its point of insertion in the text. Thanks are also due Mrs. G. B. Morgan for her invaluable assistance in per- forming many of the computations and in typing the manuscript. Rosert J. List WaAsHINGTON, D. C. September 30, 1949. NOTE TO FIRST REPRINT Opportunity has been taken in this reprint to correct the few errors that have been discovered in these tables since the original printing. EptrTor. February 1958 NOTE TO SECOND REPRINT This reprint corrects three or four errors discovered in these tables since the first reprinting. EpIitor. March 1963 NOTE TO THIRD REPRINT This reprint is without change in the text, since no errors have been brought to our attention since the second reprinting. Epiror. April 1966 CONTENTS PAGE HE ACCY Meee ree eerie eae Sena ee ies te a a chert 8 gmotemeemnmaale eke Be a aes ill MIRCUCHOM Teme Nee Ret ee ee ents GoeL Cele te See OE cee a 1 Wonversioiror Wilts OF leneth ANG Mass. fe ce else eee ss 8 1 Standard gravity for reducing barometric observations........ 3 Io LOLI ag Oh Sie ral gel? Se det aa ear ne a aoe AI ce ae Ed + SEcTION I. CONVERSION TABLES TABLE eas OLIMEESIOrE PAC hORS 12.0, Sere i WO ne Ee ioc NE ae dh sit 9 2. Approximate absolute, centigrade, Fahrenheit, and Reaumur tem- pPeRatuce Scalesus...wh Sint seis jah See Geaise leet se ae eer eS 6 17 Sembahienheititoy.centignade sv, ys arcs dyays' tata s/asera oie Sebctarstelbrawieshs 20 een Cenbteradesto) Malrenleits =. <<). te carl ons) is esateen seid ew etOwt s,s 2 25 5. Differences Fahrenheit to differences centigrade................ 29 6. Differences centigrade to differences Fahrenheit................. 29 7. Centigrade degrees per kilometer to Fahrenheit degrees per 1000 PC eo obese ass = 331-b 0! 3)s, e.Sianeha INET SERS TS SO ERAS os Sos a's 30 8. Fahrenheit degrees per 1000 feet to centigrade degrees per kilo- MIGECT a 1s-si's a 05.5 BAREIS aes GEER s et en's FOTIA Bees REY aE as 30 Papinches of mercury, to miillibans, .2aqee aes osc os SeRRRIes Cataens «6 31 Pea Muallibars fo inches of Mercury... 5 Muaeiia + :a@iaiisi« elem «caeueint » s 38 PP Viillimeters of nencury to maillibarsey ji. scion ac ae ad stgeeas cae 51 #2; -Millibans\to millimeters of mercury yen Vell. 0s oes oo. 5) Roaptniciies, to Mmillineters ss et.) asl | ea ih orc ace wide eh iSiaee eater 72 PeNinitimeters tomehese ss oo eats ee ce ae ke meee 79 SEMBEICEE COMEMELERS cy Bovine ay cet hare maid ea wes bse wld Ma ERS 92 REMEIMPCLCTcn (OULCCE < Soci arc POA ie teh ats tala ny Ear shee 20s Pa a 94 Seer seacute ammlestorilometers. fa. fe aes eee des ue a nelle e 96 Be miciometers sto Statute: files. hc. «cals aisieatore-n.ne's > salves Sl ie ame ee 98 Seem atitical miles: to, statute Miles ./4.sj01 6 cic «5 4 2s detoie aussie ee oats 100 mi aotatite miles to natitical miles ogc 5,0: 6.3): 45,016 4.cieis eee ea paolie ie os 100 pie Nattical miles, to kilometers. 4.1.04. «jesse siti ie soe se cl oeiaale< o's 0's 101 pomeolometers to nattical milesiz,. .. «0:1 cdnia cei asses oeiblins «Obes eo 0a 101 Esa Mays to decimals of a year and angles... sic cscsacaeees eu ses 0 102 Fe. TREES ERS Ta) FoR DS TN armen et er a ER aca era Py ae ame 106 25. Hours, minutes, and seconds to decimals of a AY) shisha ait evans ta lela ee 106 26. Decimals of a day to hours, minutes, and seconds...............-. 107 27. Minutes and seconds to decimals of an hour.................-- 107 Vv vi SMITHSONIAN METEOROLOGICAL TABLES TABLE PAGE 28. Avoirdupois pounds and ounces to kilograms.....+..-+++++++++- 108 29. Kilograms to avoirdupois pounds and ounces.......+++++++ee ees 108 BoaeGrains fo. orams: 5... ees spades sce ote oe nee ae tee 109 SiemGrams tO STalnS. . Fs ee. sar ses sere els oe oe + or See aince elena 109 32. Miles per hour to knots, meters per second, feet per second, kilo- meters per hour, feet per minute........... see ee eee ee eees 110 33. Meters per second to miles per hour, feet per second, kilometers per hour, knots, feet per minute. . 1.2.00. % cm emietienianee qe oe 12 34. Kilometers per hour to knots, miles per hour, meters per second, Feet. Per SECON. o/s cis leie sca Win a. t's ciel ee ete Bie slele sere ey eee 113 35. Knots to miles per hour, meters per second, feet per second, kilo- meters per hour, feet per TainUte \. i). ee eet ele ale =) oie cet ere cal 115 Section II. WIND AND DYNAMICAL TABLES 30; -Beatttort wind stale: soa. Pn2s daastedte tone scenes ee eee een 119 37. Geostrophic wind, constant pressure surface: 100 geopotential MEER CONLOUNS: dares 45H s ewes Hevesi oeine We omen ae ee 120 38. Geostrophic wind, constant pressure surface: 200 geopotential foot COMPOULS, « 5. RIS oP RR es, Peas Seeveieer 122 39. Geostrophic wind, constant level surface: Three millibar isobars, air density: like wm? 6.05) Been 55 52% sie sha 2 bah os eee areectre rate 124 4OerGradienttwand) 72509): oil, Le ah ae tee ae 126 41. Coriolis parameter and latitudinal variation..................2++ 130 Senulnertial MOON: \s.5 x-2.0.2,4 5 os 25 dc oe eee ee oe 130 45, Rossby-s: long-wave: formulas... edeer ere eee fos te eee 131 Section III. BAROMETRIC AND HYPSOMETRIC TABLES 44. Capillary ‘correction for mercurial barometers. os. <%- 1s ceues 132 45-46. Reduction of the mercury column to standard temperature (e+- PIGMOUOI) inte toons en: nis; #0 OiaRer Ree eke ahve ie ae oro Te eee 136 45. Reduction of the mercury column to standard temperature, English UARITES Sys Sisal Lie, «aha wicjete evel t ates Meoitaa ces ea eeereeer nee eee ne eee 139 46. Reduction of the mercury column to standard temperature, metric MARLUES! 20.30. «paca e oieietermle clase tet srmeclare nls ait a o).< COREE ogee ae 164 47. Corrections to reduce barometric readings to standard gravity..... 200 48. Determination of height by the barometer and reduction of pressure to fixed levels Section IV. GEOPOTENTIAL AND AEROLOGICAL TABLES 49-51. Relation between geopotential and geometric height (explana- HOM). 5 ya's 4 o.chr el RgMe Nos, & aL ty To cat.2 eed eee ee 217 CONTENTS Vii TABLE PAGE 49. Factors for computing the relation between geopotential and geo- TELE ECD 0S) (1 6) aie a eA ae iY al Pad ol A 219 eu: Geomerrie meters to SCOpoOtential MElELS.. ey ec el f Oe 2 atl ana 8 ea 285 vili SMITHSONIAN METEOROLOGICAL TABLES Section VI. THERMODYNAMIC TABLES TABLE PAGE 70. Thermodynamic constants ....-....seeese eee e eee e re seeess 289 (i WMD TSretta ator geeh rR eR Oren corer tery iar top ator 290 72. Virtual temperature increment of saturated air.......+.++++++++- 295 73. Saturation mixing ratio over water. ...... see eee eee eee e teeters 302 74. Saturation mixing ratio OVer 1C€... 6... eee eee ee ee te eee ees 306 75. Potential temperature ......... 6. cece cree reece cece eee eees 308 76. Two-sevenths power of pressure..... 1. esse esse ee ener tent eens 314 77. Two-sevenths power of (1000/p)...----.eeeee ee ee cence ee eeees 316 78. Temperature and pressure along saturation pseudoadiabats........ 318 79. Pseudoadiabatic lapse rate: Water stage..........-.+-eeeeeeeee 323 80. Pseudoadiabatic lapse rate: Ice stage......-.. esse eee eee eens 324 81. Rate of condensation in ascending moist air..........-+ ee eee eee 325 82. Precipitable water in a saturated pseudoadiabatic atmosphere. ..... Shay) 83. Lifting condensation level data..........--- sees eee erence cece 328 84-92. Thermodynamic properties of moist air (explanation)......... ey 84. Compressibility factor of moist air........ 2. eee eee eee eee ee ees 332 85; Enthalpy residual of moist air... 0... 000625 soe. eons Hole oeblneem on 334 86. Entropy residual of moist air.............. en Jk ee ee 336 G7= Mixing entropy of moist iain. 2. . .icccc a «+ dayeeinielis sa ayehaietarae 338 88. Isobaric specific heat residual of moist air..........-+---+eeeee 339 BE MH eICOEMICIEM taf gna Si a 204 « + arene 4's) srs, else ates 2 oie ke gaaegueanentpoyspetaiciatc tee 340 Pe EMCO CLE TIE of gic) aussi. jeiseas voisiouslsyopeucioheshnianeuess Siete 2s oie eee 341 OLariroperties Of water VApOL st. cni-id oo cacqeiicwie) vetvs Peg sige 341 92. Properties of condensed water, latent and specific heats........... 343 Section VII. HYGROMETRIC AND PSYCHROMETRIC TABLES 93. Definitions and specifications of water vapor in the atmosphere.... 347 94-97. Saturation vapor pressure tables (explanation) ............... 350 94. Saturation vapor pressure over water, metric units.............. 351 95. Saturation vapor pressure over water, English units.............. 354 96. Saturation vapor pressure over ice, metric units..............00- 360 97. Saturation vapor pressure over ice, English units................ 362 98-99. Reduction of psychrometric data (explanation) .........00005 365 98. Reduction of psychrometric observations: Centigrade temperatures. 368 99. Reduction of psychrometric observations Fahrenheit temperatures. . 369 100. Ratio of the saturation vapor pressure over water to that over ice at thie Same: temperature, «2c 2 sacchtee © or 5 |e Oona 370 101. Ratio of the saturation vapor pressure over ice to that over water at EieNsaine teitiperature’ .. ream. dete hoe cone ce eee 370 102 Dew “point conversion chartliegoy.es 8. oon eee 371 103. Variation of saturation vapor pressure over water with temperature. 372 CONTENTS ix TABLE PAGE 104. Variation of saturation vapor pressure over ice with temperature. . 372 105. Saturation vapor pressure over water of salinity 35%0............ 373 106. Equilibrium supersaturation over solution droplets.............. 374 107. Relative humidity over saturated salt solutions.................. 380 108-109. Density of pure water vapor at saturation (erplanation)...... 381 108. Density of pure water vapor at saturation over water............. 382 109. Density of pure water vapor at saturation over ice............64. 384 SecTION VIII. TABLES OF MISCELLANEOUS PHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF AIR AND AIR-BORNE PARTICLES 110.-\Composition of'dry air up'to about 25' kilometers)... ves... 389 Pee nde OF metractonrot dire hee we teeth es tee ame Salers als eid ele se 52 389 2 Pay cloctty OF soundum aire ts tes Me reeves fies SPO. I eles. 390 113. Viscosity and thermal conductivity of air and diffusivity of water WAPOMS Ma salen aMrernoh ld, SIG: Petaene oe Ue eb ae nn we ee OE NS DS 394 114. Terminal velocity of fall for distilled water droplets in stagnant air. 396 HS. “Size and characteristics of air-barrie’solids! $008.18. Vee. 397 MiG.) sizes Ol atmosphere: particles. {S20 ee Se COMERS. I HOI Ss. 398 if7. Evaporation of freely falling water*drops ss 20.3 i). ae re ee «> 398 Section IX. TABLES OF MISCELLANEOUS PROPERTIES OF WATER SUBSTANCE AND SOILS US MU CIISitye Olt Wate le eis oli bys ave cir Minds Dhiss sim acapelcoks «laces ove'aj oho aucvoye. 6 403 mee herimnalvconductivity OF Waters cece reyes s45) =, 0 ote « earn ais ehetfel il, oa = 403 120. Thermal conductivity and thermal diffusivity of ice.............. 404 121. Thermal conductivity and thermal diffusivity of snow............ 404 122. Thermal conductivity, specific heat, and density of soils and rocks.. 405 aeileatent eat or Meltine jOt SA 1COwWiee ost sles alee peices «aye8 aia 0ia\2 405 Ree SPCC Meat ObeSCal WateR a o.oo. 5 widio A in dieigid niisle Miceus cies ais alls) eae Si 406 Pee SPCC IC Meat OF Gea Ieee | ie cd sia ah 2) Scliclec tie oharsueits mised opslit eveueriay sleia 406 Bate Mel ae momitrit Sea) WALeh. eet fe fads tale 2 Bt loys enahe 5 ule ciao athe seicet 406 127. Depth of water corresponding to the weight of snow or rain col- lected ineaves Of Various. CiamMeterSe ali. tote el col eeeiaio euayate 407 128. Quantity of rainfall corresponding to given depths............... 407 SECTION X. RADIATION AND VISIBILITY TABLES | blackbody, yadiation 2 Wards Aohere od eee ae eee Ieee 411 130-131. Solar radiation outside the atmosphere (explanation)........ 414 130. Intensity of solar radiation outside the atmosphere............... 415 131. Energy distribution of solar radiation outside the atmosphere..... 416 x SMITHSONIAN METEOROLOGICAL TABLES TABLE PAGE 132-134. Total solar radiation at the top of the atmosphere (explana- HON), ok fades Aetae hah BEA cte, Sas BcesaToe ery ote leg WS Toker she Pee 417 132. Total daily solar radiation at the top of the atmosphere........... 418 133. Total annual and seasonal solar radiation at the top of the at- FMOSPHELE Wi i>, shasta taal sBS hele A ASltve Metal We oetdtayese eeyol engi hohe 418 134. Chart of the total daily solar radiation at the top of the atmosphere. 419 135-136. Total direct solar radiation reaching the ground with various atmospheric transmission coefficients (explanation).......... 420 135. Total daily direct solar radiation reaching the ground with various atmospheric transmission coefficients.........-.++++eeeeeee 421 136. Total annual and seasonal direct solar radiation reaching the ground with various atmospheric transmission coefficients........... 422 137. Optical air mass corresponding to different zenith distances of the SU erage Sete se eee aes 6) ercnep od ensle, ware oh egagetnn eh Bier oh oxchel ckatoeerenen 422 138. Absorption of radiation by water vapor, 10-25y4............0.505 423 139. Absorption of radiation by water vapor, 1.3-9n.........0.eeeeees 425 140. Transmission of solar radiation by water vapor, 0.7-2.24.......... 425 141. Absorption of radiation by carbon dioxide. .3 a0 .« + .-~o0 -f oaaeee 427 faz Absorptionvot radiation by .0Z0Ne. 5.064 14 cise ¥ “ie he cce aero 428 EAS NDSOLpLiOm COEiIClents OL -OXYSEM a. ae eins + = «\s le ects cher Noe ee 430 144. Transmission of radiation through pure, dry air................. 431 145.: ‘Seattering of, solar radiation by, water vapota): .\: 0/222 ..) setae te as toma ‘ant oa | sae rata sie ein RRP ie, toy ate Leer rh ate : anil ‘ia. voi , Boe la seca Da OL | eat vi . _— ip ABER AR ees walls “anganise ub | Ppa ease Wehrasy Ap: ie rk ig aoa 4 1 SRN TE eer pesenuaede en pane ig ee Rar oo HAN fo 18 hv A GN | Bas ie rteene te - Coy eH ARAN” a "hells ciao Bie a ail et? Ny, ine > 3 » & An i ry r * aa Pula ! ads 43 | met ee Tt ee ; Au ef is is yam Pics Has Pe a oe Ca nf ne mares - o n re Z i i . a i i Wy kb ¢ a ro ; | Sa : Pat ach OY, OR - 7 . eee | b 1) | a uh on ae e , Pe = ‘i ; ane vel ne a Aan hs | Neg aa ; ; . an : : : ‘e : “ae a Pa) BME a i ¥ M " ert 1 ee aia oe - wy ly: he ine ue ae sume nee ' nen Fai i . ea! 2. ——- ; ‘ CY) a. ; ay une ast ni a i Rey | an ; a ee ii . se if INTRODUCTION CONVERSION OF UNITS OF LENGTH AND MASS United States usage.—No general agreement yet exists on the factors to be used in the conversion between the metric and the English systems of units. In the United States, an Act of Congress of July 28, 1866 (14 Stat. 339; 15 U.S.C. 204) established the metric system as lawful throughout the United States and ordered the units of weights and measures in common use to be defined in terms of this system. A schedule annexed to this Act established 39.3700 inches as the equivalent of the meter and 2.2046 pounds (avoirdupois) as the equivalent of the kilogram. In 1893 T. C. Mendenhall, Superintendent of Standard Weights and Measures, issued an order * stating that his office would regard the International Prototype Meter and Kilogram ? as the fundamental standards and affirmed the equivalents of the Act of 1866. In actual practice, the National Bureau of Standards still uses the length ratio annexed to this Act, which yields 1 inch = 2.540005 centimeters. How- ever, in the case of the pound, the National Bureau of Standards has adopted the results of a comparison of the British Imperial Standard Pound and the International Prototype Kilogram made in 1883, 1 pound = 453.5924277 grams, rather than the ratio annexed to the Act of 1866, which yields 1 pound = 453.597+ grams. British usage.—In Great Britain, the English standards of length and mass are legally defined by the Imperial Standard Yard and the Imperial Standard Pound, respectively, and the relation of the English to the metric units are experimentally determined by direct comparison.* The conversions now legally sanctioned in Great Britain are: 1 inch = 2.539998 centimeters 1 pound = 453.59234 grams Recent comparisons.—According to the most recent comparisons: * 1 Imperial Yard _ 3600000 | which yields 1 meter ~ 3937014 1 inch = 2.539996 centimeters 1U. S. Coast and Geodetic Survey, Bull. 26, 1893. 2 Prepared by the International Bureau of Weights and Measures, Sevres, France. This bureau was established by the International Metric Convention, 1875, and is sup- ported by the contributions of many nations, including the United States. 8 For a discussion of the problems involved, see Darwin, C., et al., Proc. Roy. Soc. London, ser. A, vol. 186, p. 175, 1946. 4Nat. Bur. Stand., private communication, July 1949. 1 2 SMITHSONIAN METEOROLOGICAL TABLES In the case of the pound, this comparison resulted in the conversion: 1 pound = 453.59234 grams Industrial usage.—In recent years improved industrial techniques have made it desirable to standardize the relationships used by the various English- speaking countries. The conversion 1 inch = 2.54 centimeters has been sug- gested as the best compromise, with the practical advantage of facilitating mechanical conversion between the two systems by means, for example, of a 127-tooth gear wheel on a lathe or measuring instrument. The above relation- ship has been the standard for American and British industrial use for several years and has been adopted by both the American Standards Association ® and the British Standards Institution.® Even less practical difference exists between the various definitions of the pound, but the conversion 1 pound = 453.5923 grams has been urged, since this figure is divisible by 7000, the number of grains in a pound. At this writing a bill to legalize these two conversions has been prepared for introduction in Congress and the British are expected to legally sanction them by an Order in Council upon enactment of the bill into law. Australia has already adopted the new conversion factors. Accordingly, all conversions between the English and metric systems in this volume are based on the relationships: 1 inch = 2.54 centimeters 1 pound = 453.5923 grams Nautical mile.—Originally and practically for uses at sea, the nautical mile was considered to be the length of 1 minute of arc on the earth’s surface for the given latitude and in the given azimuth on a representative spheroid. A more precise definition is desirable and in the tables issued by the U. S. Office of Standard Weights and Measures, September 1898, the nautical mile is defined as a minute of arc of a great circle on a sphere whose surface equals that of the Clarke spheroid of 1866. The value now given for the nautical mile by the National Bureau of Standards’ is 1853.248 meters. Using Clarke’s ratio of the foot to the meter this length is 6080.27 feet, the value given in Bowditch; * using the ratio annexed to the Act of 1866 this length is 6080.20 feet, the value given in previous editions of these tables. The adoption of the new ratio of the foot to the meter (1 foot = 0.3048 meter) 5 American Standards Association Report B 48.1, “Inch-Millimeter Conversion for Industrial Use,” 1933. ® British Standards Institution Report B. S. 350, “Conversion Factors and Tables,” 1944. 7U. S. Nat. Bur. Stand. Misc. Publ. M 121, 1936. ® Bowditch, N., American Practical Navigator, 1938 rey. ed., pp. 20 and 327. U. S. Navy Hydrographic Office, Washington, 1939. On page 144 the factor 6080.20 is given. INTRODUCTION 3 results in the following definition of the U. S. nautical mile, which is used throughout this volume: 1 U. S. nautical mile = 1853.248 meters = 6080.21 feet Other definitions of the nautical mile are in use. The British Admiralty defines the nautical mile as being 6080 feet (exactly); the international nautical mile is defined as being 1852 meters (exactly) .1™ STANDARD GRAVITY FOR REDUCING BAROMETRIC OBSERVATIONS Prior to the introduction of the mullibar as the common unit of pressure in meteorology, it was customary to express barometric pressures in terms of the height of a column of mercury reduced to standard conditions of tempera- ture and gravity. Conventionally, the standard value for the acceleration of gravity adopted was that at latitude 45° and sea level.® To reduce units of pressure expressed in terms of the height of a mercury column to standard gravity, it is only necessary to know the ratio of the local acceleration of gravity to the standard value. In general, this ratio is de- terminable with more precision than the absolute value of the acceleration of gravity at a given place. However, if pressures are to be converted to absolute units (e.g., millibars), it is necessary to know the standard acceleration of gravity. At the 1891 meetings of the International Committee on Weights and Measures, Defforges and Lubanski ?° announced the results of an investigation made in 1888 which yielded an acceleration of gravity at latitude 45° and sea level of 980.665 cm. sec.? This value has been used extensively since that time by physicists and others as an arbitrary standard value of gravity, al- though it has long been known that it does not represent the absolute value of gravity at latitude 45° and sea level.11 The most recent determinations indicate that the best value is near 980.616 cm. sec.”? (see Table 167). Most meteorological services, including the U. S. Weather Bureau, first reduce barometer readings in terms of inches or millimeters of mercury to gravity at latitude 45° and sea level (9,5, 0) by means of a correction depending on the ratio of local gravity to gis, 0 (see Table 47) and then convert to abso- lute units. Strictly speaking, it is therefore necessary to use the best estimate of the value of gravity at latitude 45° and sea level in converting the inch or millimeter of mercury to millibars. This procedure was adopted by the Inter- national Meteorological Organization in 1939 (Resolution 25, Berlin). How- ever, for many physical applications (e.g., the definition of the International Temperature Scale, 1948, see footnote, page 17) one atmosphere is defined as 1013.250 mb. This pressure corresponds to the pressure exerted by a column ® International Meteorological Tables, Paris, 1890. 10 Defforges and Lubanski, Com. Int. des Poids et Mes., Ann. I, p. 135, Paris, 1892. 11 Dryden, H. L., Nat. Bur. Stand. Journ. Res., vol. 29, p. 303, 1942. lla Effective July 1, 1954, the international nautical mile was adopted by the LU. S. Department of Defense and the Department of Commerce. - SMITHSONIAN METEOROLOGICAL TABLES of mercury 760 mm. high, having a density of 13.5951 gm. cm.*° and subject to a gravitational attraction of 980.665 cm. sec.” A distinction is therefore necessary between the standard inch or millimeter of mercury based on 980.665 cm. sec.* and the “45°” inch or millimeter of mercury based on 980.616 cm. sec.* (see Table 1). Owing to the action of the International Committee on Weights and Measures, in adopting the con- ventional standard value 980.665 cm. sec.,? it is advisable to employ this datum for all barometric readings. Accordingly, with a view to maintaining con- sistency with the basis on which the International Temperature Scale of 1948 is established, the tables presented herein for conversions of inches or milli- meters of mercury to millibars, and vice versa, are based on the conventional standard acceleration of gravity (980.665 cm. sec.”*). If it is desired to convert “45°” inches or millimeters of mercury to milli- bars, the tabular values in Tables 9 and 11 must be decreased by 0.005 percent. Conversely, if millibars are to be converted to “45°” inches or millimeters of mercury, the tabular values in Tables 10 and 12 must be increased by 0.005 percent. CALORIE 15° gram-calorie.—The small- or gram-calorie *? was originally defined as the quantity of heat necessary to raise the temperature of 1 gram of water 1 degree centigrade. It was found necessary to specify the exact range of temperature over which the water was heated and it became possible to define many such calories, depending on the range. The 15° gram-calorie (cal.1s), the quantity of heat necessary to raise the temperature of 1 gram of water from 14.5° C. to 15.5° C., has until recently been one of the most common units of heat used in scientific work. International Steam Tables calorie.—Modern laboratory procedures for the determination of amounts of heat usually involve electrical apparatus and it has been found advantageous to define the calorie in terms of electrical equivalents. Therefore in 1929 the First International Conference on Steam Tables ** defined the International Steam Tables calorie (ITcal.) as being equivalent to 1/860 10* mean international kilowatt-hours, where 1 mean international kilowatt-hour = 1.00019 absolute kilowatt-hours.* This defi- nition has also been adopted by the International Meteorological Organiza- 12 The large- or kilogram-calorie (Kcal.) has not been used in this volume. 18 Mech. Eng., vol. 52, p. 120, 1930. 14In the United States, the National Bureau of Standards uses the relation 1 inter- national joule = 1.000170 absolute joules, where the “international joule” is the inter- national joule as maintained in this country, and not the mean international joule. This definition yields the relation: 1 ITcal. = 4.18674 absolute joules = 4.18605 international joules. INTRODUCTION 5 tion.1> The relation of the International Steam Tables calorie to the 15° gram-calorie is: *° 1 ITcal. = 1.00032 cal.1; Meteorological practice.—From the relationship above, it is evident that for most ordinary meteorclogical purposes the difference between the IT calorie and the 15° calorie is negligible. However, it is still customary to use the 15° calorie in radiation and associated fields of meteorology, while the IT calorie has become the standard for use in thermodynamic calculations. This dual usage has been adopted in general throughout this volume. In some instances the type of calorie is unspecified; here the nature of the data is such that the difference is immaterial. 15 Int. Meteorol. Org. Twelfth Conference of Directors, Resolution 164, Washington, 1947. 16 See Birge, R. T., Rev. Mod. Phys., vol. 13, p. 233, 1941. (5 D Pompe Neon wii vol sat gy. rae of “shog ae mr ev BN eae i ¥ — } vi i oa) ae | ab acs LER carted 1 ee ee P | me * * a 4 SS : i AY ot by: eds Migaial SECTION I CONVERSION TABLES eg i \ a og wt ‘i ae : SLA Me iar h TABLE 1 CONVERSION FACTORS? ORGANIZATION OF TABLE = 0.001550003 in? * Average value, 1/90 of meridian quadrant. SMITHSONIAN METEOROLOGICAL TABLES lin. = 2.54 cm. 1 1b. = 453.5923 g. Fundamental conversion factors are in bold-face type. (continued) A. Length F. Mass K. Energy, work B. Area G. Density, specific volume L. Power C. Volume H. Viscosity M. Energy per unit area D. Time I. Pressure N. Power per unit area E. Velocity; speed J. Force O. Illumination, brightness, etc. A. Length: 1 Angstré6m unit (A.) 1 inch (in.) — 10° Me = 25.4 mm. = 107 cm = 2.54 cm. =—— ane mm 1 micron () 1 foot (ft.) = IIGr UA = 12 in. = 10° cm. = 30.48 cm. = 10" m. = 0.3048 m. 1 yard (yd.) 1 millimeter (mm.) = 36 in. =! Oncm: SSS 107 m:; = 91.44 cm, = 0.039370079 in. = 0.9144 m. 1. centimeter (cm.) 1 fathom (fath.) =o Oem = 6itt = 0.39370079 in. = 1.8288 m. = 0.032808399 ft. 1 rod (rd.) 1 meter (m.) == 16:5itk. =—=10%em: = 5.0292 m. = 3.2808399 ft. 1 statute mile (stat. mi.) = 39.370079 in. == 5250 nt. 1 kilometer (km.) = 0.868391 naut. mi. == 1 0%em: = 1609.344 m. == 10m: = 1.609344 km. = 3280.8399 ft. 1 U. S. nautical mile (naut. mi.) + = 0.621371 stat. mi. = 6080.21 ft. = 0.539593 naut. mi. == 1-151 555\stat. mi. 1 degree of latitude * (°lat.) = 1853.248 m. = T1037 mn: = 1.853248 km. = 111.137 km. 1 British Admiralty nautical mile = 69.057 stat. mi. = 6080 ft. = 59.969 = 60 naut. mi. 1 International nautical mile = 1852 m. =i = 1.150779 stat. mi. 1 square millimeter (mm.”) 1 square inch (in.’) = 6.4516 cm? t See Introduction, p. 2. 1See Introduction for discussion of the basic conversion factors adopted. All metric-English unit conversions are based on the factors: 10 TABLE 1 (CONTINUED) CONVERSION FACTORS B. Area: (continued) 1 square centimeter (cm.’) = 10? mm? = 0.1550003 in” 1 square meter (m.) == Otcem = 1550.003 in.’ = 10.76391 ft. 1 square kilometer (km.’) mem Vine Cera Pe = 10°.m? = 1.076391 10° ft. = 247.1054 acre = 0.3861022 stat. mi.? C. Volume: 1 cubic centimeter (cm.*) = 0.999972 ml. = 0.0610237 in.* = 0.0338140 U. S. fl. oz. 1 cubic meter (m.*) or stere (s.) =O cn = 999,972 1. == 55,0147 tt.” = 264.172 U. S. gal. == 219.975 Brit: gal, 1 milliliter (ml.) = 1.000028 cm.’ = 0.0610255 in? = 0.033815 U. S. fl. oz. = 0.035196 Brit. fl. oz. 1 liter (1.) (1 liter is defined as the volume occupied by 1 kilogram of water at its temperature of maximum density. ) = 1000.028 cm? = 610250410" ==idd.015°U..S; fi. Oz. ==1.05672 U.S. at: = 0.264179 U. S. gal. = 35.196 Brit. fl. oz. (continued) SMITHSONIAN METEOROLOGICAL TABLES 1 square foot (ft.?) = 144 in? = 929.0304 cm. = 0.09290304 m2 1 square yard (yd.) =n = 8361.2736 cm.” = 0.83612736 m.? 1 acre = 43560 ft. = 4840 yd.” = 4046.8564 m.? 1 square statute mile (stat. mi.’) = 2.78784 x 10" ft.” = 640 acres = 2.58999 km? 1 cubic inch (in.*) = 0411S Ue S. fe.oz: = 16.3871 cm? = 16.3866 ml. 1 cubic foot (ft.*) = 1/729"in® = 29.9221 U. S. qt. = 7.48052 U. S. gal. = 28316.8 cm.” = 28.3161 1. 1 fluid ounce, U. S. (U. S. fl. oz.) = 1.80469 in? ==/29!5/35 cnr == 295727 emi: == 1.0408 Brit. fl. oz. 1 fluid ounce, British (Brit. fl. oz.) == 127339) 11 = 28.413 cm? = 28.412 ml. = 0.96076 U. S. fl. oz. 1 quart, liquid, U. S. (U. S. qt.) = 725s mY ABE Seely OH = 946.353 cm.® = 0.946326 1. 1 gallon, U. S. (U.S. gal.) = 231 in.3 == 128) U pou oz = 133.23 Brit. flv oz: = 0.83267 Brit. gal. = 3785.41 cm’ == 3. 7000LN1- TABLE 1 (CONTINUED) 11 CONVERSION FACTORS C. Volume: (continued) r 1 gallon, British (Brit. gal.) (Im- perial gallon) (1 British gallon is defined as the volume occupied by 10 pounds of water at 62° F.) = 160 Brit. fl. oz. = 277.42 in? = E2010) Us S: gal. == 155042. 5... OZ. = 4546.1 cm’ = 4.5460 1. D. Time: _ mean solar second (sec., s.) = 1.002738 sidereal seconds mean solar minute (min., m.) = 60 sec. (mean solar) mean solar hour (hr., h.) = 3600 sec. (mean solar) = 60 min. (mean solar) mean solar day (da., d.) = 86400 sec. (mean solar) = 1440 min. (mean solar) = 24 hr. (mean solar) = 24 hours 3 minutes 56.555 seconds of mean sidereal time tropical (mean solar, ordinary) year (yr.) = 31.5569 & 10° sec. (mean solar) = 525949 min. (mean solar) = 8765.81 hr. (mean solar) = 365.2422 da. (mean solar) = 366.2422 sidereal days 1 sidereal second = 0.997270 sec. (mean solar) 1 sidereal day = 86164.1 sec. (mean solar) = 23 hr. 56 min. 4.091 sec. (mean solar) — — — —_ E. Velocity; speed: 1 meter per second (m. sec.”, mps) 1 knot == 15.0 kame hr. == [nants mi. hr- = 1.94254 knots == 2 15155inw hr:= = 2.23694 mi. hr. = 1.68895 ft. sec. = 3.28084 ft. sec. = 0.514791 m. sec.* = 196.850 ft. min.* = 1.85325 km. hr.* = (77742 “lat: day = 101.337 ft. min.* 1 kilometer per hour (km. hr.7, = 0.40021 = 0.4 °lat. day” kph) 1 mile per hour (mi. hr.”, mph) = 0.277778 m. sec. = 0.868391 knot = 0.539593 knot = 1.46667 ft. sec.~ =='0:621371 mi. hr. = 0.44704 m. sec.* = 0.911344 ft. sec.7 = 1.609344 km. hr.* = 0.21595 °lat. day = 88 ft. mins = 0.34754 °lat. day* (continued) SMITHSONIAN METEOROLOGICAL TABLES 12 TABLE 1 (CONTINUED) CONVERSION FACTORS E. Velocity; speed: (continued) 1 degree of latitude per day (°lat. day) = 1.2863 m. sec.* = 4.6307 km. hr.* = 2.4987 = 2.5 knots = 2.8774 mi. hr. F. Mass: 1 gram (g.) = 15.4324 gr. = 0.0352740 oz. = 0.002204623 Ib. 1 kilogram (kg.) al Ong: = 35.2740 oz. = 2.204623 |b. 1 metric ton, tonne (t.) =10' kg. = 2204.623 Ib. = 1.10231 short tons = 0.9842107 long ton G. Density, specific volume: 1 gems = 62.4280 Ib. ft.* == il ty sa l ont gs = 0.0160185 ft. Ib.- H. Viscosity 1 poise == lg; cm. sec = 0.002089 Ib. (wt.) sec. og (continued) SMITHSONIAN METEOROLOGICAL TABLES 1 foot per second (ft. sec.’, fps) = 0.592085 knot = 0.681818 mi. hr.* = 60 ft. min.* = 0.3048 m. sec.” = 1.09728 km. hr.* 1 foot per minute (ft. min., fpm) = 0.00986808 knot = 0.0113636 mi. hr.* = 0.00508 m. sec.* = 0.018288 km. hr.* —_ grain (gr.) = 0.0647989 g. = 0.00228571 oz. ounce avoirdupois (o0z.) ==/437.5' or, = 28.3495 g. pound avoirdupois (lb.) = 7000 gr. 10) oye = 453.5923 g. = 0.4535923 kg. short ton = 2000 Ib. = 0.892857 long ton = 907.1846 kg. = 0.9071846 t. long ton = 2240 Ib. = 1.12 short tons = 1016.047 kg. = 1.016047 t. —y =" =" —" Lalb its = 0.0160185 g. cm.* ftrlbs, = 62.4280 cm; g.7 _ — Ib. (wt.) sec. ft. = 478.8 poises TABLE 1 (CONTINUED) 13 CONVERSION FACTORS I. Pressure: Note.—The pressure units one standard inch of mercury, one standard millimeter of mercury, and one standard atmosphere are defined in terms of the conventional standard value of gravity 980.665 cm. sec.*, which was adopted by the Interna- tional Committee on Weights and Measures. These units have been proposed for general meteorological use. The pressure units one 45° inch of mercury, one 45° millimeter of mercury, and one 45° atmosphere are defined in terms of the best value of gravity at 45° latitude and sea level, 980.616 cm. sec.’ See introduction, page 3. 1 dyne per square centimeter (dyne cm.”) = 1. barye = 10) mb. On bate 1 millibar (mb.) = 10° dynes cm.” = 0.00101972 kg. cm. = 0.750099 mm. Hg. (45°) = 0.750062 mm. Hg. (stand- ard) = 0.0295315 in. Hg. (45°) = 0.0295300 in. Hg. (stand- ard) = 0.0145038 Ib. in.-? 1 centibar (cb.) = 10 mb. 1 bar (b.) = 10° dynes cm.” = 10° mb. = 10° barye 1 standard millimeter of mercury (mm. Hg. (standard) ) = 1.000050 mm. Hg. (45°) = 1.333224 mb. = 0.001359504 kg. cm.? = 0.03937205 in. Hg. (45°) = 0.03937008 in. Hg. (stand- ard) = 0.0193368 Ib. in.-? 1 45° millimeter of mercury (mm. Hg. (45°)) = 0.999950 mm. Hg. (stand- ard) ==sa0lo2 mb: = 0.00135944 kg. cm.? = 0.03937008 in. Hg. (45°) = 0.0393681 in. Hg. (stand- ard) = 0.0193358 Ib. in.” (continued) SMITHSONIAN METEOROLOGICAL TABLES 1 standard inch of mercury (in. Hg. (standard) ) = 0.491154 Ib. in.” = 33.8639 mb. = 0.0345316 kg. cm.” = 25.4013 mm. Hg. (45°) = 25.4 mm. Hg. (standard) 1 45° inch of mercury (in. Hg. (45°)) = 0.491130 Ib. in? = 33.8622 mb. = 0.0345298 kg. cm.” = 25.4 mm. Hg. (45°) = 25.3987 mm. Hg. (stand- ard) 1 pound per square inch (Ib. in.”, psi) = 2.03612 in. Hg. (45°) = 2.03602 in. Hg. (stand- ard) = 68.9476 mb. = 0.0703069 kg. cm.? = 51.7175 mm. Hg. (45°) = 51.7149 mm. Hg. (stand- ard) 1 standard atmosphere = 1013.250 mb. = 1.03323 kg. cm.” = 760 mm. Hg. (standard) = 29.9213 in. Hg. (stand- ard) = 14.6960 Ib. in. = 760.038 mm. Hg. (45°) = 29.9228 in. Hg. (45°) = 1.000050 45° atmosphere 14 TABLE 1 (CONTINUED) CONVERSION FACTORS I. Pressure: (continued) 1 kilogram per square centimeter (kg. cm.~*) = 980665 dynes cm.” = 980.665 mb. = 735.596 mm. Hg. (45°) = 735.559 mm. Hg. (stand- ard) = 28.9605 in. Hg. (45°) = 28.9590 in. Hg. (stand- ard) 14-2240 Ibs ins J. Force: 1 gram weight = 980.665 dynes 1 kilogram weight = 9.80665 10° dynes 1 newton = 10° dynes K. Energy, work: 1 erg = 1 dyne-centimeter = 10" abs. joule = 2.38844 « 10* ITcal. == 23092 1 0™ Calis 1 absolute joule (abs. joule) = 10’ ergs = 0.238844 ITcal. = 0.23892 cal.ss 1 kilogram-meter (kg.-m.) = 9.80665 abs. joules International Steam Tables cal- orie (ITcal.)* = 4.18684 & 10’ ergs = 4.18684 abs. joules = 1.00032 cal.ss 1 ~ 860 X 103 15° gram-calorie (cal.s)* = 4.1855 abs. joules kilogram-calorie (Keal.) = 10° gram-calories absolute kilowatt-hour (abs. kw.- hr.) = 3.6 X 10° abs. joules mean International kilowatt-hr. = 1.00019 abs. kw.-hr. = 860000 IT cal. = 3.60068 X 10° abs. joules = 3412.756 Btu _ Int. kw.-hr. rs —y _ —" * See Introduction, p. 4. (continued) SMITHSONIAN METEOROLOGICAL TABLES 1 45° atmosphere = 1013.200 mb. == Oa518 ke. Chi = 760 mm. Hg. (45°) = 29.9213 in. Hg. (45°) = 14.695 1b. in. = 759.962 mm. Hg. (stand- ard) = 29.9198 in. Hg. (stand- ard) = 0.999950 standard atmos- phere 1 inch of water, 4° C. = 2.491 mb. 1 pound weight = 32.174 poundals = 444822 dynes 1 poundal = 13825.5 dynes 1 British thermal unit (Btu) (The Btu used here is defined by the relationship: 1 Bta CR) = ei cal (G2 g.-1) = 251.996 IT cal. = 252.08 cal.ss = 1055.07 abs. joules = 0.00029302 Int. kw.-hr. 1 foot-pound (ft.-lb.) = 1.35582 abs. joules L. Power: TABLE 1 (CONTINUED) CONVERSION FACTORS 1 absolute watt (abs. watt) = 1 abs. joule sec.“ = 0.238844 ITcal. sec.* = 14.33062 ITcal. min.* = 0.23892 cal.ss sec. = 14.33527 cals min.~ = 0.056868 Btu min. 1 mean International watt = 1.00019 abs. watts 1 I1Teal.vseex = 4.18684 abs. watts 1) itcalSmin= = 0.069781 abs. watt 1 cal.ss sec.* = 4.1855 abs. watts 1 cal.s min.* = 0.069758 abs. watt M. Energy per unit area: 1 langley (ly.) = 1 cal. cm.~ = 4.1855 abs. joules cm.* = 0.011624 Int. kw.-hr. m.? = 3.6855 Btu ft? 1 abs. joule cm.” = 0.23892 cals cm. = 0.00277725 Int. kw.-hr. m I = 0.88054 Btu ft.* 1 Int. kw.-hr. m.? = 86.028 calas cm. = 360.068 abs. joules cm.? N. Power per unit area: 1 cals cm. min.7 a= Jl ihe seatbih a = 0.069758 abs. watt cm.” = 0.069745 Int. watt cm.” = 69.745 Int. kw. deka- meter~? = 316855 Btu fe mina = 1440 calas cm.? day == 55071 Btw dies days O. Illumination, brightness, etc.: The total luminous flux from a source of unit spherical candlepower is 4m lumens. 1 lux (ix.) =1 lumen incident per square meter = 0.0001 ph. = 0.09290 ft.-c. (continued) SMITHSONIAN METEOROLOGICAL TABLES 15 1 horsepower, electrical, U. S., Brit. = 746 abs. watts 1 horsepower (mechanical) = 550 ft. Ib. sec.-2 = 745.70 abs. watts 1 horsepower (continental) = 736 abs. watts 1 cheval-vapeur = 75 kg. m. sec.-2 = 735.499 abs. watts 1 Btu min. = 17.5844 abs. watts = 251.996 ITcal. min.* were weet ay sesenes 1 Btu ft. = 0.27133 cals cm. = 1.13566 abs. joules cm.“ 1 Btu ft.? min.7 = 0.27133 cals cm. min.* = 0.0189277 abs. watt cm.* 1 footcandle (ft.-c.) =1 lumen incident per square foot = 10:76 Ix: 16 TABLE 1 (CONCI-UDED) CONVERSION FACTORS O. Illumination, brightness, etc.: (continued) 1 phot (ph.) 1 candle per in.” (c. in.) =1 lumen incident per == 0:1550 sb: square centimeter = 0/487 1. 1 stilb (sb.) = 452.4 ft.-L. = JeInticacm> 1 footlambert (ft.-L.) gees 42 1, = 0.0003426 sb. = 2919 ft.-L. = 0.001076 L. 1 lambert (L.) = 0.002211 c. in? == 1/xisb;==80:3183 sb. 1 candle per ft. == 21054 \cuin. = 3.142 ft.-L. = 929 ft.-L. 1 millilambert (mL.) —— pe) bp 1 apostilb, in International units = eek dans =a >< 10+) sbi 7310! stilb — Omi: 1 apostilb, in German (Hefner) units = 0.09 mL. Luminous efficiency: At wave length of maximum luminosity 0.555 yw for photopic vision, the luminous efficiency is 680 lumens per watt, corresponding to a minimum “mechanical equivalent of light” of 0.00151 watt per lumen. SMITHSONIAN METEOROLOGICAL TABLES TABLE 2 17 APPROXIMATE ABSOLUTE, CENTIGRADE, FAHRENHEIT, AND REAUMUR TEMPERATURE SCALES Freezing _ Boiling point of point of water water Scale Symbol (1 atmos.) (1 atmos.) Conversion formulae Centigrade * (Ge 0° 100° C=(5/9) (F—32)=(5/4) R=K—273.16=AA—273 Fahrenheit 185 32 PilP F=(9/5)C+32=(9/4)R+32=(9/5) (K—273.16) +32 Reaumur R. 0 80 R=(4/9) (F—32)=(4/5) C=(4/5) (K—273.16) Thermodynamic | Kelvin K., A. 273.16+ 373.16+ K=C+273.16=AA+0.16=(5/9) (F—32) +273.16 Absolute 0.017 0.017 Centigrade Approximate AA. 273 373 AA=C+273=K—0.16=(5/9) (F—32) +273 Absolute Rankine Absolute —- 491.69 671.69 Rankine=F+459.69 Fahrenheit PROPORTIONAL PARTS Ch KAA 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 F 0.18 0.36 0.54 0.72 0.90 1.08 1.26 1.44 1.62 R 0.08 0.16 0.24 0.32 0.40 0.48 0.56 0.64 0.72 F 0.055+ 0.111+ 0.166+ 0.2224 0.277+ 0.3334+ 0.388+ 0.4444 0.5 C, K, AA 0.044+ 0.088+ 0.133+ 0.177+ 0.222+ 0.266+ 0.3114 0.3554+ 0.4 R 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 R 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 CK AA 0.125 0.25 0.375 0.5 0.625 0.75 0.875 1.0 1.125 F 0.225 0.45 0.675 0.9 1.125 1.35 1.575 1.8 2.025 AA. Cc. F. R. AA. Cc. F. R. AA, C. F. R. BV cmlO2Z2 =4215°6" A816 350° 7472, 17026.) Ol26 325° 522 aliZoc 0: MRA 8747 OLE § 213.80) 60.8 349 76 168.8 60.8 324 51 123.8 40.8 BASE) LOO 212201" 18050 348 75 167.0 60.0 323 50 122.0 40.0 372 SOM 210. 2e8 7922 347 Hes Mies B57 322 49. 12052), 1 39)2 371 98 208.4 78.4 346 73. +«=©163.4 58.4 SA 48 118.4 38.4 370 O70 206165)177..0 345 le) 1668 7e6 320 A/E 166s oOzO 369 96 204.8 76.8 344 71 15958 % S658 319 46 114.8 36.8 368 OS 203K0)) 42620 343 70° 158k0) S620 318 45 LES EON 3650 367 Oye AO ie 342 69 WS S37 317 AA Sn Zuea oe 366 93 199.4 74.4 341 68 154.4 54.4 316 43 109.4 34.4 365 CZ VACA PY BIKE 340 67 15226) 350 315 LYNN ANWV/AY SEG 364 91 195.8 72.8 339 66° 15088 1 5228 314 41 105.8 32.8 363 90 194.0 72.0 338 65 149.0 52.0 313 40 104207 732-0 362 89 192.2 TW 337 64 LAZEZ mole 312 39 10252 noleZ 361 88 190.4 70.4 336 63" 145645 "S084 311 38 100.4 30.4 360 87) a188267) 9169.6 335 62) 14336. ‘4926 310 37 98.6 29.6 359 86 186.8 68.8 334 61 141.8 48.8 309 36 96.8 28.8 358 85 18550" 68.0 333 60 140.0 48.0 308 35 95.0 28.0 357 84 US3e 2 OVie2 332 59 138.2 47.2 307 34 OSR2 ZI 356 83 181.4 66.4 331 58 136.4 46.4 306 33 91.4 26.4 355 82 WOKS ONES 330 57. 134265) 45°6 305 32 89.6 25.6 354 81 177.8 64.8 329 56 132.8 44.8 304 31 87.8 24.8 353 80 176.0 64.0 328 55 131.0 44.0 303 30 86.0 24.0 352 19 AZ 63.92 327 Ay GB 302 29 S45 2 e232 351 AS le 4 G24 326 53) 1274s 42K4. 301 28 82.4 22.4 350 tL WOKS, OURE 325 52) 125569 4le6 300 27. 8036 92186 (continued) * The Ninth General Conference on Weights and Measures, October 1948, gave the degree of temperature the designation of degree Celsius in place of degree centigrade, See Stimson, H. F., The international tem- perature cate of 1948, Nat. Bur. Stand, Journ. Res., vol. 42, p. 209, 1949, and Amer. Journ. Phys., vol. 2a\5 p. 614, 1955. +R. T. Birge, Rev. Mod. Phys., vol. 13, p. 233, 1941. ; A ; t In 1954, the thermodynamic temperature was defined so that 273.16°K corresponds to the triple point, yield- ing the value 273.15°K as equivalent to 0°C. Dixieme Conférence Générale Poids et Mesures, Compt. Rend., 954. SMITHSONIAN METEOROLOGICAL TABLES 18 TABLE 2 (CONTINUED) APPROXIMATE ABSOLUTE, CENTIGRADE, FAHRENHEIT, TEMPERATURE SCALES AA, Cc F, R AA. 300° 27° 80°96 21°6 250° 299 26 78.8 20.8 249 298 25 77.0 20.0 248 DOP LG SZAR i552" ©2192 247 2061814.23 734721824 246 205 A i228 71:6 17.6 245 294 ~=so 2 69.8 16.8 244 293 20 #4«®68.0 16.0 243 292 1 “GGEo S152 242 291 18 64.4 14.4 241 290 17. 62.6 ~=—-:13.6 240 289 16 460.8 12.8 239 288 15 59.0 12.0 238 287 14 5722) 11.2 237 286 13 550 10:4 236 285 12 53.6 9.6 235 284 11 cies) uses 234 283 10 50.0 8.0 233 282 Ge AS 782 232 281 Sy A6sta. (644 231 280 7 44.6 5.6 230 279 6 42-8 4:8 229 278 Se ALO. 991420 228 277 a 302 hae? 227 276 ar 37.40 yaa 226 eee S556) 546 225 74 a Ba.8) 0.8 224 273 0, 32:6 40.0 223 27 ie 30.2 '=-0:8 222 of a a 221 Ap. — so) A686 204 220 269 ENA! NM ie 219 268 5 23.0 «4:0 218 267 Se 2h2 48 217 266 7 19.4 5.6 216 265. = 1756. 26.4 215 264 9 158" ee 72 214 263 10 14.0 8.0 213 ee = 132)" Res 212 261 12 10:4: 29.6 211 260 —13 5:6 —10,4 210 259 14 6.9 1122 209 258 15 50 12:0 208 257 16 a2" 12.8 207 Zp. eles SA a6 206 2 ol | 4 144 205 254 19 32) “152 204 25a 420 4.0 16.0 203 ry a 5.8 16.8 202 251 22 7:6) “TT 201 250 —23 —9,4 —18.4 200 SMITHSONIAN METEOROLOGICAL TABLES C. F. —23° — 924 24 11.2 25 13.0 26 14.8 27 16.6 —28 —18.4 29 20.2 30 22.0 31 23.8 32 25.6 —33 —27.4 34 29.2 35 31.0 36 32.8 37 34.6 —38 —36.4 39 38.2 40 40.0 41 41.8 42 43.6 —43 —45.4 44 47.2 45 49.0 46 50.8 47 52.6 —48 —54.4 49 56.2 50 58.0 51 59.8 52 61.6 —53 —63.4 54 65.2 55 67.0 56 68.8 57 70.6 —58 —72.4 59 74.2 60 76.0 61 77.8 62 79.6 —63 —81.4 64 83.2 65 85.0 66 86.8 67 88.6 —68 —90.4 69 92.2 70 94.0 71 95.8 72 97.6 —73 —99.4 (continued) R. —18°4 19.2 AA. 200° 199 AND REAUMUR Cc. F. — 73° — 99°4 74 101.2 75 103:0 76 =: 104.8 77, ~—s-: 106.6 — 78 —108.4 79 M02 80 =: 112.0 81 11328 $2- 115.6 — 83 —117.4 84 «WS.2 85. d2b-0 86 122.8 87 124.6 — 88 —126.4 89 12832 90 130.0 91 131.8 92 133.6 — 93 —135.4 94 = 137.2 95, / 13950 96 140.8 97 142.6 — 98 —144.4 99 146.2 100 = 148.0 101 = 149.8 102%, ‘TSie6 —103 —153.4 104 = 155.2 105° 15720 106 =: 1158.8 107 —_ 160.6 —108 —162.4 109 164.2 110 166.0 Lil) lG7r8 112 §=169.6 —113 —171.4 114. i7382 1155 “175.0 1164 - 176.8 117) 178.6 —118 —180.4 LIS: - 18282 120 §=184.0 121 1528 122 187.6 —123 —189.4 R. ° 2 —58°4 59.2 60.0 60.8 61.6 —62.4 63.2 64.0 64.8 65.6 —66.4 67.2 68.0 68.8 69.6 —70.4 71.2 72.0 72.8 73.6 —74.4 15.2 76.0 76.8 77.6 —78.4 79.2 80.0 80.8 81.6 —82.4 83.2 84.0 84.8 85.6 —86.4 87.2 88.0 88.8 89.6 —90.4 91.2 92.0 92.8 93.6 4 9A. 95.2 96.0 96.8 97.6 —98.4 TABLE 2 (CONCLUDED) 19 APPROXIMATE ABSOLUTE, CENTIGRADE, FAHRENHEIT, AND REAUMUR AA, C. F. R. 150° —123° —189°4 — 98°4 149%, 12425 19126 , 9952 148 125 193.0 100.0 147, 126 8194.8 100.8 1465, 12702 (19626), -101.6 145 —128 —198.4 —102.4 144 129 200.2 103.2 143. 130 202.0 104.0 raze. 1807 (2035871 10428 HAIG. 1320520526" | 105.6 140 —133 —207.4 —106.4 139% 13425520922 10752 138m 1350) 211:07 108:0 1SZe 1369) 21258 108-8 1S6R 1372) 21406» 10916 135 —138 —216.4—110.4 aS4y 1392 218329) de 2 1338 1A0RA 2220-02 112.0 1s2)° W41 he 22108). 112.8 Sie) 14204) 6 225064.) 11526 130 —143 —225.4—114.4 $298 | WASs 227-2 11522 128), TAS) )..229-05, 1116.0 1270 _ TAG") -230:8:, 11638 126) 147(5. 5232.6), 117.6 125 —148 —234.4—118.4 t24y "149%, 7236.20) 119.2 123, 150) 238.0; 120.0 i2Z2e lle 239:8% 12058 12). 152i 2416: 121.6 120 —153 —243.4 —122.4 MOE U5Are 6245.28 125.2 MiSs | 155 247.0. 124.0 117, 156 = 248.8 = 124.8 MGn | 157.7 :250.6> 125.6 115 —158 —252.4 —126.4 mae US9ee 254; 25 127.2 HIS «160. 256.0; | 128.0 Digs 161; - 257-8) «128.8 ids | 1625012596). 129.6 110 —163 —261.4 —130.4 109 164-2632. 131.2 108" 165:¢ 265.0» 132.0 107 166 266.8 132.8 LOG: - Leger *268).6) 133.6 105 —168 —270.4 —134.4 1045) L690 (272.2. 135.2 103» 170y)-274.0) 136.0 1022. P7lge 275.8) 136:8 LOM W72ie 274.6 1137.6 100 —173 —279.4 —138.4 TEMPERATURE SCALES AA. Cc F. R. 100° —173° —279°4 —138°4 OO 174) (281 263972 98 175 283.0 140.0 97 176 284.8 140.8 S62 177 bbeZ86-GU1AT. 6 95 —178 —288.4 —142.4 94 179 290.2 143.2 93 180 292.0 144.0 92) 181 9293:8") 144.8 Ot Ph 1824 295.6 77145.-6 90 —183 —297.4—146.4 89 184 299.2 147.2 88 185 301.0 148.0 87 186 302.8 148.8 86 187 304.6 149.6 85 —188 —306.4—150.4 84>) 189 57.308 .255 Aibi:2 83% 190 967310.0% Bi5220 S27. 191 Vp Sygts2-S Sland92 pp isls. Guy glod.6 80 —193 —315.4 —154.4 79% 194 os 5317 2am atS5..2 7853, 195.) 4319.0) 156.0 dd tie 196, 320.800456.8 70) 197 2601322 Gem 7.6 75 —198 —324.4—158.4 ZA), AOD e326 27 e592 73 200 328.0 160.0 7aiie 201 | 56329 8 G0.§ Pur 202 ye 351.6p etl. 70 —203 —333.4—162.4 69. 204, 335.2 163.2 68 205 337.0 164.0 67 206 . 338.8 164.8 66 207 340.6 165.6 65 —208 —342.4—166.4 64 209 344.2 167.2 63: 210 346.0, 168.0 625; -211 55 y347. 82 168-8 Gly 212 7349.6.169..6 60 —213 —351.4—170.4 5955. 214000 303.2¢0 lee Bi c2lSe 150-04 sece.O 57 ie 2169 300-8m 72-8 56in 217 ucundos. Gy alZo.0 55 —218 —360.4—174.4 SA 219)» S02 2n hood Sous 2204 yo04:- Oe 3170.0 Bayes Z2lin ao09 0m bEZO- 6 Ste 222) 1307.0- a177.6 50 —223 —369.4—178.4 SMITHSONIAN METEOROLOGICAL TABLES AA. Cc: F. R. 50° —223° —369°4 —178°4 49 (0 224 osS71.2 ° 179.2 48 225 373.0 180.0 47 226 374.8 180.8 46 227 376.6 181.6 45 —228 —378.4 —182.4 44 229 380.2 183.2 43 230 382.0 184.0 42» 231 +7383.8 184-8 410 232 91:385.6 185.6 40 —233 —387.4 —186.4 39 027234 94389.2 182.2 38 pp2so. us0l.0 188.0 37 90236, 6392.8 188.8 36-2237, “394.6 189.6 35 —238 —396.4 —190.4 34 65.239 5398.2 191.2 33 240 400.0 192.0 S2i 240 sy 401.8 19258 SI yii242,, 403.6" 19336 30 —243 —405.4 —194.4 29 «9 244 6 407.2 195.2 28 245 409.0 196.0 27 246 «8410.8 196.8 26 247 412.6 197.6 25 —248 —414.4—198.4 24 yy 249 HeAlG.2 ” 199-2 23,4200 |, .418°0° 200-0 22 ae iZol: “419.8 200;8 Zl Zod e42l,.6 201.6 20 —253 —423.4 —202.4 19-254 425.2 ° 203-2 18.7 :209.. & 427.0 204-0 17, 256 = 428.8 +=. 204.8 16 (257 ..430.6 205.6 15 —258 —432.4 —206.4 14 259 434.2 207.2 13. 260 436.0 208.0 I2n¢ 261 , 437.8 208.8 11. 262 439.6 209.6 10 —263 —441.4—210.4 9. 264 443.2 211.2 Su; 200 »e445-0° 21270 7 266 446.8 212.8 6 267 448.6 213.6 5 —268 —450.4 —214.4 Aa ge09 wudoeee. Alone 3,...2/0. 454.0 21670 Zu tel: metdo-6 21078 Loeeee 457.0 207-6 0 —273 —459.4—218.4 20 TABLE 3 FAHRENHEIT TO CENTIGRADE Rareniaeo of 2 3 A 5 6 Gu 8 9 CT ex (ee rcs ot Oe OF ba OF Oe Lies Cl Oe bel +130° ee 44 +34 50 1 56 +34. 61 7 6741-54-72 1 78 aa; 83 Sy 89 +54.94 129 3.89 94 00 06 54.11 54.17 22 28 54.33 54.39 128 33 33 33 39 33 44 33 50 53.56 53.61 33 67 33. 72 33 78° 53.83 27 52:78) 52.03) '/52.89" 52.94" | $3.00 53:06) SS) “Sas17) $3.22) S38 126 SZ225 WOZ.28 0052.33" 92.39) 52.44 52.50, 52:56); 521619) 52.67) “S272 4125 +51.67 +51.72 +51.78 +-51.83 +51.89 451.94 +52.00 +52.06 452.11 +52.17 124 Setle ot 7gp 51.22, 51.28. 91-33 51.39 S1.440) SY.500. 51.56) Sho 123 50.56 50.61 50.67 50.72 50.78 50.83 50.89 50.94 51.00 51.06 122 50.00 50.06 50.11 50.17 50.22 50.28 50.33 50.39 50.44 50.50 121 49.44 49.50 49.56 49.61 49.67 49.72 49.78 49.83 49.89 49.94 +120 448.89 +48.94 +49.00 +49.06 +49.11 +49.17 449.22 +49.28 +49.33 +49.39 119 48.33 4839 4844 48.50 48.56 48.61 48.67 48.72 48.78 48.83 118 47.78 47.83 47.89 47.94 48.00 48.06 48.11 48.17 48.22 48.28 117 47.22 47.28 47.33 47.39 47.44 47.50 47.56 47.61 47.67 47.72 116 46.67 46.72 46.78 4683 46.89 46.94 47.00 47.06 47.11 47.17 +115 +4611 +4617 +46.22 +4628 +46.33 +4639 +46.44 pee 50 +46.56 +46.61 114 45.56 45.61 45.67 45.72 45.78 45.83 45.89 45.94 46.00 46.06 113 45.00 45.06 45.11 45.17 45.22 45.28 45.33 45.39 iS 44 45.50 112 44.44 4450 4456 4461 44.67 44.72 44.78 4483 4489 44.94 111 43.89 43.94 4400 44.06 44.11 4417 44.22 44.28 4433 44.39 +110 +4333 +43.39 +43.44 +43.50 +43.56 +43.61 +43.67 +43.72 +43.78 +43.83 109 42.78 4283 4289 42.94 43.00 43.06 43.11 43.17 43.22 43.28 108 42.22 42.28 42.33 42.39 42.44 42.50 42.56 4261 4267 42.72 107 41.67 41.72 41.78 4183 41.89 41.94 42.00 42.06 4211 42.17 106 41.11 41.17 41.22 41.28 41.33 41.39 41.44 41.50 41.56 41.61 +105 +40.56 +40.61 +40.67 +40.72 +40.78 -+40.83 +40.89 +40.94 +41.00 +41.06 104 40.00 40.06 40.11 40.17 40.22 40.28 4033 40.39 40.44 40.50 103 39:44 1939/50) 39:56, 139-61 39.67 39.72 39.78 39.83 39.89 39.94 162 38.89 38.94 39.00 39.06 39.11 39.17 39.22 39.28 39:33 39:39 101 38.33 38.39 38.44 38.50 38.56 38.61 38.67 38.72 38.78 38.83 +100 +37.78 +37.83 +37.89 +37.94 +38.00 +38.06 +38.11 +38.17 +38.22 +38.28 99 SA-2a eat2o ie 37.33 37-39 S744 37:50. 37.56 37.615 3707 s3i-72 98 36.67 36.72 36.78 3683 36.89 36.94 | 37.00% 37:06) 37-ty )) 37:17 97 36.11 36.17 36.22 36.28 36.33 36.39 36.44 36.50 36.56 36.61 96 SO 50h 939.67 9135.72 5 35:78 35.83 35.89 35.94 36.00 36.06 +95 +35.00 +35.06 +35.11 435.17 +35.22 +35.28 +35.33 +35.39 +35.44 +35.50 94 34.44 3450 3456 34.61 34.67 34.72 34.78 3483 3489 34.94 93 33.89 33.94 3400 3406 34.11 34.17 3422 3428 3433 34.39 92 9-091 35.59 030-44 190.50 | 33.56 33.61 33:67 % 33:72" Wade | S088 91 92.70. 1) $2.83» 32.89" | 32.94 \''33:00 33.06. S3.T1 SS essen sane +90 +32.22 432.28 +32.33 +3239 +32.44 +32.50 +32.56 +32.61 +32.67 +32.72 89 SUG7 Mishes2m) SL-78) Weol.OS MOL. 31.94. °32.00' 32060 B2ty S217 88 Soll mol 2A MsteeS 3S 31,39, 31-445 3150" 31a) SEG) 87 30.56 30.61 30.67 30.72 30.78 30.83 30.89 30.94 31.00 31.06 86 30.00 30.06 30.11 30.17 30.22 30.28 30.33 30.39 = 30.44 = 30.50 +85 +29.44 +29.50 +29.56 4+29.61 +29.67 429.72 +29.78 +29.83 +29.89 +29.94 84 28.89 28.94 29.00 29.06 29.11 29117 29:22" 29.28) 2ZO'SSa 29549 83 28.33 28.39 28.44 28.50 28.56 2861 28.67 28.72. 28:78 28.83 82 27.78 27.83 2789 27.94 28.00 28:06. 28:1Ly “Ze 28ers 2e28 81 27.22 24-28 27.33 27.39 27:44 27.50 27:56.) 27'GY Se 27Giee erane + 80 +26.67 +26.72 +26.78 +26.83 +26.89 +26.94 +27.00 +27.06 +27.11 +27.17 (continued) SMITHSONIAN METEOROLOGICAL TABLES TABLE 3 (CONTI NUED) 21 FAHRENHEIT TO CENTIGRADE heit 0 ml! a2 3 4 Aon 2c oC =) ci +80° 126.67 nee de We is +26.83 +26.89 79 26.11 17 26.28 26.33 78 25.56 ae 61 se a ZaVi2ie B2OS 77 AM) Zo “3b l) ay) 7A 72 76 24.44 2450 2456 2461 24.67 +75 +23.89 +23.94 +2400 +24.06 +24.11 74 23-39) 25.09) 25:44) 0923.50") 123:56 73 22:78} 522.83 | 22:89" 22:94, 23/00 72 PLAID Felts) ABBY | PePAS PHD! 71 PAG) “PALA. VALTER e7Abees) VALS, +70 +21.11 +21.17 421.22 421.28 +21.33 69 20.56 20.61 20.67 20.72 20.78 68 20.00 20.06 20.11 2017 20.22 67 19.44 19.50 19.56 19.61 19.67 66 18.89 1894 19.00 19.06 19.11 +65 +18.33 +18.39 +18.44 +1850 +18.56 64 17.78 17.83 17.89 17.94 18.00 63 VPP TUS SB e AS alee! 62 16.67 16.72 16.78 1683 16.89 61 1G SOLO PIG ZZ 1628" M6933 +60 +15.56 +150. +15.67 +15.72 +15.78 59 TOO MLS OG me Saline SZ — iSi22 58 14.44 1450 1456 1461 14.67 57 13.89 13.94 1400 1406 14.11 56 TSS S394 v13/44) 6513250 413/56 +55 +12.78 +12.83 +12.89 +12.94 +13.00 54 122 A2S 2235) a2 39) era 53 UMGZi ple 72 eZ 8) ee 1eSS! ) LIES 52 ei ele ele 22a 1 e2S8) e338 51 10.56 10.61 10.67 10.72 10.78 +50 +10.00 +10.06 +10.11 +10.17 +10.22 49 9.44 9.50 9.56 9.61 9.67 48 z 89 “n a0 9.06 9.11 47 8.33 8.39 8.44 8.50 8.56 46 7.78 7.83 7.89 7.94 8.00 +45 47.22 47.28 +7.33 +7.39 ++7.44 44 6.67 6.72 6.78 6.83 6.89 43 6.11 6.17 6.22 6.28 6.33 42 5.56 5.61 5.67 WH 5.78 41 5.00 5.06 5.11 Sly/ 522 +40 +444 4450 +456 +461 +4.67 39 3.89 3.94 4.00 4.06 4.11 38 3.33 3.39 3.44 3.50 3.56 37 2.78 2.83 2.89 2.94 3.00 36 Bee, 2.28 2.33 2.39 2.44 +35 +1.67 +1.72 +1.78 +1.83 +1.89 34 +111 417.17 +1.22 +1.28 +1.33 33 +0.56 +0.61 +0.67 +0.72 -+0.78 32 0.00 +0.06 +011 +4017 +0.22 31 —0.56 —0.50 —0.44 —0.39 —0.33 +30 —1.11 —1.06 —1.00 —0.94 —0.89 (continued) SMITHSONIAN METEOROLOGICAL TABLES 5 6 iw 8 2 LY Ost Key OG [Cc Xx oe 94 mt 00 +27.06 427.11 +27.17 6.39 26.44 2650 26.56 26.61 38 83 38 89 25.94 56 00 26.06 25287 0525.33 25.0901 29.44 | 25:50 24.72 24.78 2483 24.89 24.94 424.17 £24.22 424.28 +-24.33 4-24.39 23:61 23.67: ("2392 ) 23.78. 23.83 23:06 £23.11) 923717, (23.22 22.50 22.56 2261 22.67 21.94 22.00 22.06 22.11 +21.39 +21.44 +21.50 421.56 20.83 20.89 20.94 21.00 20.28 20.33 20.39 20.44 19.72 19.78 19:83 19.89 LOA W922 e128) 19:33 +18.61 +18.67 +18.72 +18.78 18106" 18-11) POls-17, Hule!22 L750) 2OLZ256 eLZOb Nal RG7 16.94 17.00 17.06 17.11 16.39 16.44 1650 16.56 +15.83 +-15.89 Ree 94 ae 00 +16.06 1528) CALSISS 39 44 15.50 14.72 14.78 14 83 14 89 14.94 1417 1422 1428 1433 14.39 PSG1) EVSIG7) WEISi72Z B1Si78) 13:83 +13.06 +13.11 +413. MY tee 22 +13.28 12.50 12.56 12.72 12.17 11.61 11.06 +10.44 +10.50 9.89 9.94 9.33 8.78 10.83 +10.28 9.72 9.17 8.61 8.06 +7.50 6.94 6.39 5.83 5.28 +4.72 4.17 3.61 3.06 2.50 +1.94 +1.39 +0.83 +0.28 —0.28 —0.83 9.78 22 TABLE 3 (CONTINUED) FAHRENHEIT TO CENTIGRADE heit 0 l 2 3 4 a "er 1 BG. SG. °C. °C. +30° —1.11 —1.06 —1.00 —0.94 —089 —0.83 29 N67 Gl 1.56 1.50 1.44 1.39 +25 —389 —3.83 —3.78 —3.72 —3.67 —3.61 24 444 439 433 428 4.22 4.17 23 5.00 494 489 483 4.78 4.72 22 556. 15:50 9544 (5:39 | 5.33 5.28 21 Gil 2 G06 26.00 " 5.94 © 5.89 5.83 +20 —667 —6.61 —6.56 —6.50 —644 —6.39 19 22 Veh? Sel 7.06 7.00 6.94 18 SIS eile © hO7 7-61 7.56 7.50 17 So) roes eee soley S.A 8.06 16 S82 PrS:6s 28.78 * 8:72 8.67 8.61 +15 —944 —939 —933 —9.28 —922 —9.17 9.78 +10 —12.22 —12.17 —12.11 —12.06 —12,00 —11.94 1278 S272 * 4267 12.61, 12:56 12.50 fo woes. ozs 81517 131) 13.06 13.69 ~ 13:83 © 13:78 13.72 13.67 13.61 14.44 1439 1433 14.28 14.22 14.17 + —15.00 —14.94 —14.89 —14.83 —14.78 —14.72 15.56 15.50 15.44 15.39 15.33 15.28 16.11 16.06 16.00 15.94 15.89 15.83 16.67 16.61 16.56 16.50 16.44 16.39 22, AvAG 7 — 17.06 17.00 16.94 + 1778 AZSZ 17.67 1761 A756 17.50 | WOONAW PWHHO CHNWHUN ANOWO | ry NI DRE Ts ADESSO pas BS RI OPA Aiea amas ioe) | —y N oO NW | —y NI oe Ne) | ry “NI Ne) > | —y wo S | _— oo S ON 6 °c. —0.78 1.33 28.72 —20 —28.89 —28.94 —29.00 —29.06 —29.11 —29.17 —29.22 —29.28 —29.33 —29.39 (continued) SMITHSONIAN METEOROLOGICAL TABLES TABLE 3 (CONTINUED) 23 FAHRENHEIT TO CENTIGRADE ey) tA ee Ge 4 °c: {Os °G 2G; OG 20° —28.89 —28.94 —29.00 —29.06 —29.11 21 2944 2950 2956 2961 2967 22 3000 3006 3011 3017 3022 23 30.56 3061 30.67 3072 30.78 24 «31.11 31.17. 3122 31.28 31.33 25 —31.67 —31.72 —31.78 —31.83 —31.89 26 3222 3228 3233 3230 32.44 27. «32.78 +3283 ©3289 3294 33.00 28 3333 3330 3344 3350 33.56 29 3389 3394 3400 3406 3411 —30 —34.44 —34.50 —34.56 —34.61 —34.67 31 3500 3506 3511 3517 3522 32 35.56 35.61 3567 35:72 35.78 33 3611 3617 3622 3628 3633 34 36.67. «3672 :«36:78 «36.83 36.89 —35 —37.22 —37.28 —37.33 —37.39 —37.44 36 3778 3783 3789 3794 3800 37 38.33 «3839 «43844 «3850 38.56 38 3889 3894 39.00 30:06 30.11 39 39.44 39:50 3956 3061 39.67 —40 —40,00 —40.06 —40.11 —40.17 —40.22 41 40.56 40.61 40.67 40.72 40.78 42 4111 4117 4122 41.28 41.33 43 4167 4172 4178 41183 41.89 44. 4222 4228 4233 4230 42.44 —45 —42.78 —42.83 —42.89 —42.94 —43.00 46 43.33 43.39 43.44 43.50 43.56 47 43.89 43.94 44.00 44.06 44.11 48 44.44 4450 44.56 44.61 44.67 49 45.00 45.06 45.11 45.17 45.22 —50 —45.56 —45.61 —45.67 —45.72 —45.78 51 46.11 46.17 46.22 46.28 46.33 52 46.67 46.72 46.78 46.83 46.89 53 47.22 47.28 47.33 47.39 47.44 54 47.78 47.83 47.89 47.94 48.00 —55 —48.33 —48.39 —48.44 —48.50 —48.56 56 48.89 48.94 49.00 49.06 49.11 57 49.44 49.50 49.56 49.61 49.67 58 BOCs 50:06" 50.10" — 50.17) 50:22 59 50.56 0250.61) 250:67)).50.72. 50.78 —60 —51.11 —51.17 —51.22 —51.28 —51.33 61 Sod wol.7 2) 5.78. T5183 |) LOL89 62 62.225 052.28 52.33" 952.39. 92.44 63 D2.78,..02.83 52.89. (52.94 53.00 64 53:35) 93.39), 153.44) 953.50» 53.56 —65 —53.89 —53.94 —54.00 —54.06 —54.11 66 54.44 5450 54.56 5461 54.67 67 55:00 2:95:00) 259.11) °-55.17 955.22 68 BOO» 55.0l) £59.07. 959:72 | i5a.78 69 561s 7 56:17~ | 56.22" -56.28 . 36.33 —70 —56.67 —56.72 —56.78 —56.83 —56.89 25 6 7 8 9 eC; °c. 1c ne 1G. —29.17 —29.22 —29.28 —29.33 —29.39 29:72). 29.78. 29:83». 29.89 30.28 30.33 30.39 30.44 30.83 30.89 30.94 31.00 31.39 31.44 3150 31.56 —31.94 —32.00 —32.06 —32.11 $2.50} 492.56 32.61, "32.67 33 0GR SSI 33.17, 33-61% 1:33.67 | 33.72 34.17 34.22 34.28 —34.72 —34.78 —34.83 35.28 35.33 35.39 35.83 35.89 35.94 36.39 36.44 36.50 36.94 37.00 37.06 —37.50 —37.56 —37.61 38.06 38.11 38.17 38.61 38.67 38.72 39:17; 39:22. 39.28 39.72. 39.78 39.83 —40.28 —40.33 —40.39 —40.44 —40.50 40.83 40.89 40.94 41.39 41.44 41.50 41.94 42.00 42.06 42.50 42.56 42.61 —43.06 —43.11 —43.17 —43.22 —43.28 43.61 43.67 43.72 44.17 4422 44.28 44.72 4478 44.83 45.28 45.33 45.39 —45.83 —45.89 —45.94 —46.00 —46.06 46.39 46.44 46.50 46.94 47.00 47.06 47.50 47.56 47.61 48.06 48.11 48.17 —48.61 —48.67 —48.72 —48.78 49.17 49.22 49.72 49.78 50.28 30.33 50.83 50.89 —51.39 —51.44 —51.50 —51.56 —51.61 51.94 52.00 52.508 (52.00 93.06 P5311 53.61 53.67 —54.17 —54.22 —54.28 —54.33 —54.39 54.72 54.78 55.39 55.44 55.28) 099.33 : f 55.83 55.89 55.94 56.00 56.06 56.50 56.56 56.39 56.44 56.61 —56.94 —57.00 —57.06 —57.11 —57.17 (continued) SMITHSONIAN METEOROLOGICAL TABLES 24 TABLE 3 (CONCLUDED) FAHRENHEIT TO CENTIGRADE heit 0 All 2 oO 4 °G “(Ce Sc: Ge Age —70° —56.67 —56.72 —56.78 —56.83 —56.89 71 SAL2L0 WM O7-25 M5740, AHD7-59 57-44 72 57.78 57.83 57.89 57.94 58.00 73 58.33 58.39 58.44 58.50 58.56 74 58.89 58.94 59.00 59.06 59.11 —75 —59.44 —59.50 —59.56 —59.61 —59.67 76 60.00 60.06 60.11 60.17 60.22 veh 60.56 60.61 60.67 60.72 60.78 78 GEIL VAOL AZ Ol-2Z20)61.28. 61.33 79 61.67 P6172) "61.78 “61.83 | 61.89 —80 —62.22 —62.28 —62.33 —62.39 —62.44 81 62.78 62.83 62.89 62.94 63.00 82 63.33 63.39 63.44 63.50 63.56 83 63.89 63.94 64.00 64.06 64.11 84 64.44 64.50 64.56 64.61 64.67 —85 —65.00 —65.06 —65.11 —65.17 —65.22 86 60,900 G0/01 (65:67 165.72) 65.78 87 66.11 66.17 66.22 66.28 66.33 88 66.67 66.72 66.78 66.83 66.89 89 67.22 67.28 67.33 67.39 67.44 —90 —67.78 —67.83 —67.89 —67.94 —68.00 91 68.33 68.39 68.44 68.50 68.56 92 68.89 68.94 69.00 69.06 69.11 93 69.44 69.50 69.56 69.61 69.67 94 70.00" “7006 70:11 7017. 70:22 —95 —70.56 —70.61 —70.67 —70.72 —70.78 96 AU AU eel 22. 71.28" sei less 97 MOD AL IZR LL: ON P7183 ese 98 WL2eh 2.29% 12.33) 12.39 1244 99 W248 12.83 1/289 12.94. 73:00 —100 —73.33 —73.39 —73.44 —73.50 —73.56 101 73.89 73.94 74.00 74.06 74.11 102 74.44 74.50 74.56 74.61 © 74.67 103 ADO0F BV9.009 BASALT, 75.17 pu 75i22 104 A500 uADOL. 79:67 «(75:72 7578 —105 —7611 —76.17 —76.22 —76.28 —76.33 106 76.67 76.72 76.78 76.83 76.89 107 TIAL Ln (GhL. 3S. 507.39 40.44 108 77.78 = =7783 77.89 77.94 78.00 109 78.33 78.39 78.44 7850 78.56 —110 —7889 —78.94 —79.00 —79.06 —79.11 111 79.44 79.50 79.56 79.61 79.67 112 80.00 80.06 80.11 80.17 80.22 113 80.56 80.61 80.67 80.72 80.78 114 Sil esli7 9822) 81:28 | 8t:33 —115 —81.67 —81.72 —81.78 —81.83 —81.89 116 82.22 82.28 82.33 82.39 82.44 117 82.78 82.83 82.89 82.94 83.00 118 83.33 83.39 83.44 83.50 83.56 119 83.89 83.94 84.00 84.06 84.11 —120 —84.44 —84.50 —84.56 —84.61 —84.67 SMITHSONIAN METEOROLOGICAL TABLES AS) 6 ff 8 ui) °C. ACs AG: Cc. AG —56.94 —57.00 —57.06 —57.11 —57.17 57.50); 957.56)! S761" "57-67 TRS772 58:06) 708. DIE SSAG i ase22 Be oees 50.61 58.67) 58:72) 58:78) + 58:83 99.17); 15922) |) 59:28) (1159133 Oy 5839 —59.72 —59.78 —59.83 —59.89 —59.94 60.28 60.33 60.39 60.44 60.50 60.83 60.89 60.94 61.00 61.06 61.39 61.44 61.50 61.56 61.61 61.94 62.00 62.06 62.11 62.17 —62.50 —62.56 —62.61 —62.67 —62.72 63.06) j'63.11 6317.'63:22 |°63.28 63:61. 63:67)" 63.72" (63:78 763183 64.17 64.22 6428 64.33 64.39 64.72 64.78 64.83 64.89 64.94 —65.28 —65.33 —65.39 —65.44 —65.50 65.83 65.89 65.94 66.00 66.06 66.39 66.44 66.50 66.56 66.61 66.94 67.00 67.06 67.11 67.17 67.50; 67.56. 67.01" = "67.67, "1G7-72 —68.06 —68.11 —68.17 —68.22 —68.28 68.61 68.67 68.72 68.78 68.83 69:17 9 69-22" (69:28 69:33 6169.39 69.72), 69:78 69.835 69:89 (s69194 70.28 =70.33. 70.39 70.44 = 70.50 —70.83 —70.89 —70.94 —71.00 —71.06 39) AL Ade 7150. 771.56 Sidon (L945 F2:00> 972.06; if ZAL pes 17 (2.0 ZOO 2: Ole P7201 anede 7300 fO1L C7317 73-22 1328 —73.61 —73.67 —73.72 —73.78 —73.83 74.17 7422 74.28 74.33 74.39 74.72 74.78 74.83 74.89 74.94 (D128) OSO DOD SLZOA4 ETO O0 75.83 75.89 75.94 76.00 76.06 —76.39 —76.44 —76.50 —76.56 —76.61 16.94 0.77.00'" (77.000 S77AL “S777 TAO eAeOO id Ole L074 Benne 78.061) V781L) 878.17. 97822 7828 78:01, 478:67 78.72 78:78 78:83 —79.17 —79.22 —79.28 —79.33 —79.39 79.72 79.78 79.83 79.89 79,94 80.28 80.33 80.39 80.44 80.50 80.83 80.89 80.94 81.00 81.06 81.39 81.44 81.50 81.56 81.61 —81.94 —82.00 —82.06 —82.11 —82.17 S2 50s BeZ00- 162/61 582.67 28272 S306 83:10 83.17, 83.22 183.28 83.61 83.67 83.72 83.78 83.83 84.17 8422 8428 8433 84.39 —84.72 —84.78 —84.83 —84.89 —84.94 Centi- grade +100° TABLE 4 CENTIGRADE TO FAHRENHEIT 0 By 2 3 4 °F. Sie. or. ob. or. +212.00 4+212.18 +-212.36 +212.54 4212.72 210.20 210.38 210.56 210.74 210.92 208.40 208.58 208.76 208.94 209.12 206.60 206.78 206.96 207.14 207.32 204.80 204.98 205.16 205.34 205.52 +203.00 +203.18 4+-203.36 +203.54 +203.72 201.20 201.38 201.56 201.74 201.92 199.40 199.58 199.76 199.94 200.12 197.60 197.78 197.96 198.14 198.32 195.80 195.98 196.16 196.34 196.52 +194.00 +194.18 +194.36 +194.54 +194.72 192.20 192.38 192.56 192.74 192.92 190.40 190.58 190.76 190.94 191.12 188.60 188.78 188.96 189.14 189.32 186.80 186.98 187.16 187.34 187.52 +185.00 +185.18 +185.36 +185.54 +185.72 183.20 183.38 183.56 183.74 183.92 181.40 181.58 181.76 181.94 182.12 179.60 179.78 178.96 180.14 180.32 177.80 177.98 178.16 178.34 178.52 +176.00 +176.18 +176.36 +176.54 +176.72 174.20 174.38 174.56 174.74 174.92 172.40 172.58 172.76 172.94 173.12 170.60 170.78 170.96 171.14 171.32 168.80 168.98 169.16 169.34 169.52 +167.00 +167.18 +167.36 +167.54 +167.72 165.20 165.38 165.56 165.74 165.92 163.40 163.58 163.76 163.94 164.12 161.60 161.78 161.96 162.14 162.32 159.80 159.98 160.16 160.34 160.52 ties 00 +158.18 +-158.36 ae 54 +158.72 156.20 156.38 156.56 156.74 156.92 154.40 154.58 154. 76 154.94 155.12 152.60 152.78 152.96 153.14 153.32 150.80 150.98 151.16 151.34 151.52 +149.00 +149.18 +-149.36 +149.54 +149.72 147.20 147.38 147.56 147.74 147.92 145.40 145.58 145.76 145.94 146.12 143.60 143.78 143.96 144.14 144.32 141.80 141.98 14216 142.34 142.52 +140.00 +140.18 +140.36 +140.54 +140.72 138.20 138.38 138.56 138.74 138.92 136.40 136.58 136.76 136.94 137.12 134.60 134.78 134.96 125.14 135.32 132.80 132.98 133.16 133.34 133.52 +131.00 +131.18 +131.36 +131.54 +131.72 129.20 129.38 129.56 129.74 129.92 127.40 127.58 127.76 127.94 128.12 125.60 125.78 125.96 126.14 126.32 123.80 123.98 124.16 124.34 124.52 +122.00 +122.18 4+122.36 +122.54 +122.72 Z5 5 6 y/ 8 9 +212.90 +213.08 4213.26 +213.44 4213.62 211.10 211.28 211.46 211.64 211.82 209.30 209.48 209.66 209.84 210.02 207.50 207.68 207.86 208.04 208.22 205.70 205.88 206.06 206.24 206.42 +203.90 +204.08 +204.26 +204.44 +-204.62 202.10 202.28 202.46 202.64 202.82 200.30 200.48 200.66 200.84 201.02 198.50 198.68 198.86 199.04 199.22 196.70 196.88 197.06 197.24 197.42 +194.90 +-195.08 +-195.26 +195.44 +195.62 193.10 193.28 193.46 193.64 193.82 191.30 191.48 191.66 191.84 192.02 189.50 189.68 189.86 190.04 190.22 187.70 187.88 188.06 188.24 188.42 +185.90 +186.08 4186.26 +186.44 4186.62 184.10 184.28 18446 184.64 184.82 182.30 182.48 182.66 182.84 183.02 180.50 180.68 180.86 181.04 181.22 178.70 178.88 179.06 179.24 179.42 +176.90 +177.08 +177.26 +177.44 +177.62 175.10 175.28 175.46 175.64 175.82 173.30 173.48 173.66 173.84 174.02 171.50 171.68 171.86 172.04 172.22 169.70 169.88 170.06 170.24 170.42 +167.90 +168.08 +168.26 +168.44 4168.62 166.10 166.28 166.46 166.64 166.82 164.30 164.48 164.66 164.84 165.02 162.50 162.68 162.86 163.04 163.22 160.70 160.88 161.06 161.24 161.42 +158.90 +159.08 +159.26 +159.44 4159.62 157.10 157.28 157.46 157.64 157.82 155.30 155.48 155.66 155.84 156.02 153.50 153.68 153.86 154.04 154.22 151.70 151.88 152.06 152.24 152.42 +149.90 +150. oS +150.26 +150.44 4150.62 148.10 148. 148.46 148.64 148.82 146.30 146. ‘8 146.66 146.84 147.02 144.50 144.68 144.86 145.04 145.22 142.70 142.88 143.06 143.24 143.42 +140.90 +141.08 +-141.26 +141.44 +141.62 139.10 139.28 139.46 139.64 139.82 137.30 137.48 137.66 137.84 138.02 135.50 135.68 135.86 136.04 136.22 133.70 133.88 134.06 134.24 134.42 +131.90 +132.08 +132.26 +132.44 4132.62 130.10 130.28 130.46 130.64 130.82 128.30 128.48 128.66 128.84 129.02 126.50 126.68 126.86 127.04 127.22 124.70 124.88 125.06 125.24 125.42 +122.90 +123.08 +123.26 +123.44 +123.62 (continued) SMITHSONIAN METEOROLOGICAL TABLES 26 Centi- grade +50° 49 48 47 46 4.45 44 43 42 41 +40 39 PNwWAUO ANCOMWO ob o TABLE 4 (CONTINUED) CENTIGRADE TO FAHRENHEIT 0 ai! 2 a) 4 Ch Oe oi. hoy °F, (1) Ty +122.00 +-122.18 +122.36 +122.54 +-122.72 120.20 120.38 120.56 120.74 120.92 118.40 118.58 118.76 118.94 119.12 116.60 116.78 116.96 117.14 117.32 114.80 114.98 115.16 115.34 115.52 +113.00 +113.18 +113.36 +113.54 +113.72 PEUZOMS MSS SG 174 | HAT 92 109.40 109.58 109.76 109.94 110.12 107.60 107.78 107.96 108.14 108.32 105.80 105.98 106.16 106.34 106.52 +104.00 4104.18 sees 36 +104.54 +104.72 102.20 102.38 102.56 102.74 102.92 100. 40 100.58 100.76 100.94 101.12 98.60 98.78 98.96 99.14 99.32 96.80 96.98 97.16 97.34 97.52 +95.00 +95.18 +95.36 +95.54 +95.72 93:20)" 193:38) 5 093.561) 93.74 93102 91408 (OL SSiu iN O1-76.1 091.94 | a O2N2 89.60 89.78 89.96 90.14 90.32 87.80 87.98 88.16 88.34 88.52 +86.00 +86.18 +86.36 +86.54 +86.72 84.20 8438 8456 84.74 84.92 82.40 82.58 82.76 82.94 83.12 80.60 80.78 8096 81.14 81.32 78.80 (78.985. 97916) °79:34 {79:52 +77.00 +7718 +77.36 +77.54 +77.72 75:20 075:38)5) 975,00. 75.24 YZ52 73.408 1:73.58) | $73.76 | “73.94 \ 7A12 ZLG000 77805, L9G) 272.14 | S232 69.80 69.98 70.16 70.34 70.52 +68.00 +68.18 +68.36 +68.54 +68.72 66.20 66.38 66.56 66.74 66.92 64.40 64.58 64.76 64.94 65.12 62.60 62.78 62.96 63.14 63.32 60.80 60.98 61.16 61.34 61.52 +59.00 +59.18 +59.36 +59.54 +59.72 E720, (57-38) © 0.00 897.74 wore 55.40.) 55.58.) 55.76. 55.94 %562 53.60 53.78 53.96 54.14 54.32 51.80 0),.51.98i" $2.16. 52.34 52.92 +50.00 +50.18 +50.36 +50.54 +50.72 48.20 4838 48.56 48.74 48.92 46.40 46.58 46.76 46.94 47.12 4460 44.78 4496 45.14 45.32 42.80 42.98 43.16 43.34 43.52 +41.00 +41.18 +41.36 +41.54 +41.72 39.20 39.38 39.56 39.74 39.92 37.40 si), 37.58 2h. 37.76 WN 37.94 | Sez 35.60 35.78 35.96 36.14 36.32 33.80 33.98 34.16 34.34 34.52 432.00 +3218 +3236 +3254 +32.72 (continued) SMITHSONIAN METEOROLOGICAL TABLES a) 6 “lh 8 * “1 Oe, En °E. SE +122.90 +123.08 +123.26 +123.44 +123.62 121.10 121.28 121.46 121.64 121.82 119.30 119.48 119.66 119.84 120.02 117.50 117.68 117.86 118.04 118.22 115.70 115.88 116.06 116.24 116.42 +113.90 +114.08 +-114.26 +114.44 +114.62 112.10 11228 112.46 112.64 112.82 110.30 110.48 110.66 110.84 111.02 108.50 108.68 108.86 109.04 109.22 106.70 106.88 107.06 107.24 107.42 +104.90 ee 08 fares 26 +105 44 +-105.62 103.10 103.28 46 103.64 103.82 101.30 101.48 101.66 101 84 102.02 99.50 99.68 99.86 100.04 100.22 97.70 97.88 98.06 98.24 98.42 +95.90 +96.08 +96.26 +96.44 +96.62 9410 94.28 9446 9464 94.82 92.30 92.48 92.66 9284 93.02 90.50 90.68 90.86 91.04 . 91.22 88.70 88.88 89.06 89.24 89.42 +86.90 +87.08 +87.26 +87.44 +87.62 85.10 85.28 85.46 85.64 85.82 83.30 83.48 83.66 83.84 84.02 81.50 81.68 81.86 82.04 82.22 79.70 79.88 80.06 80.24 80.42 +77.90 +78.08 +7826 +78.44 +78.62 76.10 76.28 7646 76.64 76.82 7430 7448 7466 7484 75.02 72.50 72.68 72.86 \ 73.04°>- 73.22 70.70 70.88 71.06 71.24 71.42 +68.90 +69.08 +69.26 +69.44 +69.62 67.10 67.28 67.46 67.64 67.82 65.30 6548 65.66 65.84 66.02 63.50 63.68 63.86 64.04 64.22 61.70 61.88 6206 6224 62.42 +59.90 +60.08 +60.26 +60.44 +-60.62 58.10 58.28 5846 58.64 58.82 56.30 56.48 56.66 56.84 57.02 54.50 54.68 5486 55.04 55.22 52.70 52.88 53.06 53.24 53.42 +50.90 +51.08 +51.26 +51.44 +51.62 49.10 49.28 4946 49.64 49.82 47.30 4748 47.66 47.84 48.02 45.50 45.68 45.86 46.04 46.22 43.70 43.88 44.06 4424 44.42 +41.90 +42.08 +42.26 +42.44 +42.62 40.10 40.28 4046 40.64 40.82 38.30 38.48 38.66 38.84 39.02 36:50 36.68" 36.86 37.04 >37.22 34.70 3488 35.06 35.24 35.42 +32.90 +33.08 +33.26 +33.44 +33.62 TABLE 4 (CONTINUED) CENTIGRADE TO FAHRENHEIT grade 0 all $e a 4 °F, Sh °F, oe oO —0° ea 00 Bey 82 iy 64 +31.46 +31.28 1 0.20 0.02 29.84 29.66 29.48 2 38. 40 38 22 58.04 27.86 27.68 3 26.60 26.42 26.24 2606 25.88 o 24.80 2462 2444 24.26 24.08 —5 +23.00 +22.82 +22.64 +22.46 +22.28 6 21.20 21.02 20.84 20.66 20.48 7 1940 1922 19.04 1886 1868 8 17.60 17.42 17.24 17.06 1688 9 15:80: 045.62 ©°.95.44 0115.26 ~ 1508 —10 +1400 +13.82 +13.64 +13.46 +13.28 11 12°20) 202 HA11.84 | 41.66. 1148 12 10.40 10.22 10.04 9.86 9.68 13 8.60 8.42 8.24 8.06 7.88 14 6.80 6.62 6.44 6.26 6.08 —15 +5.00 +482 +4464 +446 +428 16 +320 +3.02 +2.84 42.66 ++2.48 7 +140 +1.22 +1.04 40.86 +0.68 18 —0.40 —058 —0.76 —0.94 —1.12 19 —2.20 —2.38 —2.56 —2.74 —2.92 —20 —400 —418 —436 —454 —4.72 21 5.80 5.98 6.16 6.34 6.52 22 7.60 7.78 7.96 8.14 8.32 23 9.40 9.58 9.76 9.94 10.12 24 M2) Cdl38 Cobl56 9 174 TL92 —25 —13.00 —13.18 —13.36 —13.54 —13.72 26 14.80 004.98 261546 15.34 15:52 27 16:60" 16:78 ©916:96 917514 17.32 28 18.40 1858 1876 1894 19.12 29 20.20 20.38 20.56 20.74 20.92 —30 —22.00 —22.18 —22.36 —22.54 —22.72 31 23.80 ©'23.98 ~°24.16 \~~24.34 § 24.52 32 25.00 725.78. * 25.96 26,14 26.32 33 ZHAO WI27.58 C927.76 027.94 28.12 34 29.20 29.38 29.56 29.74 29.92 —35 —31.00 —31.18 —31.36 —31.54 —31.72 36 32,00 13298 £033.16". 33.34 | * 33.52 37 34:60: VESEIS8 993496 9F35:14 35.32 38 36.40 36:58 2 736:76 °° 136.94 37.12 39 38.20 38.38 38.56 38.74 38.92 —40 —40.00 —40.18 —40.36 —40.54 —40.72 41 41.80 41.98 4216 4234 42.52 42 43.60 43.78 43.96 4414 44.32 43 45.40 45.58 45.76 45.94 46.12 44 47.20 4738 47.56 47.74 47.92 —45 —49.00 —49.18 —49.36 —49.54 —49.72 46 50:80 850-98 O95216 51-34 $2:52 47 52:60 652-78. ©5296 “53:14 53.32 48 54.40 5458 54.76 5494 55.12 49 56.20 56.38 56.56 56.74 56.92 —50 —58.00 —58.18 —58.36 —58.54 —58.72 (continued) MITHSONIAN METEOROLOGICAL TABLES 27 5 6 vf 8 a oR; oF. °F, a re EAE +31.10 +30.92 teen +30.56 +30.38 29:0) 29.42 8.94 28.76 28.58 27.90 27.32 9 14 26.96 26.78 29./0'* 25.52: 25.34 )"25.16, 24.98 23:90 "23.72 923.54 ©2336 “2318 +22.10 +21.92 +21.74 +21.56 +21.38 20.30 20.12," 19.94.1976 19/58 18.50) OY 18.52: 1B 14 VOT 9G A778 16.70 1652 1634 16.16 15.98 14.90 14.72 1454 1436 14.18 +13.10 +12.92 +12.74 +12.56 +12.38 1.30 A ELIZ 9 10.94.0910.76, 10.58 9.50 9.32 9.14 8.96 8.78 7.70 7.52 7.34 7.16 6.98 5.90 5.72 5.54 5.36 5.18 +410 +3.92 +3.74 +3.56 +3.38 42.30 4212 +1.94 +1.76 +1.58 +0.50 +032 +014 —0.04 —0.22 —130 —148 —1.66 —184 —2.02 —3.10 —3.28 —346 —3.64 —3.82 —4.90 —5.08 —5.26 —544 —5.62 6.70 6.88 7.06 7.24 7.42 8.50 8.68 8.86 9.04 9.22 10.30 1048 10.66 1084 11.02 12:10 12:28 — 1246 -°12:64 12:82 —13.90 —14.08 —14.26 —14.44 —14.62 15:70: 15.88 "16.06 91624 16:42 17.50 1768 ~ 17.86 “1804 | 1822 19.30 1948 19.66 19.84 20.02 20.10 “20.28 © 2046 221.64 21:82 —22.90 —23.08 —23.26 —-23.44 —23.62 24.70 2488 25.06 25.24 25.42 26.50 26.68 26.86 27.04 27.22 28.30 28.48 28.66 28.84 29.02 30.10 30.28 3046 30.64 30.82 —31.90 —32.08 —32.26 —32.44 —32.62 33.70 33.88 34.06 3424 34.42 35:00 35:68 © 35.86 3604 36,22 37.30 37.48 37.66 37.84 38.02 39:10: '-39:28 39.46. \-39:64 39:82 —40.90 —41.08 —41.26 —41.44 —41.62 42.70 4288 43.06 43.24 43.42 44.50 4468 4486 45.04 45.22 46.30 4648 46.66 46.84 47.02 48.10 48.28 48.46 48.64 48.82 —49.90 —50.08 —50.26 —50.44 —50.62 570 “1 5E-88 52:06 "95224 5242 53.50 53.68 53.86 54.04 54.22 55.30 55.48 55.66 55.84 56.02 57.10 57.28 57.46 57.64 57.82 —58.90 —59.08 —59.26 —59.44 —59.62 TABLE 4 (CONCLUDED) CENTIGRADE TO FAHRENHEIT 0 | 2 3 4 —58.00 —58.18 —58.36 —58.54 —58.72 59.80 59.98 60.16 60.34 60.52 61.60 61.78 61.96 62.14 62.32 63.40 63.58 63.76 63.94 64.12 65.20. 65.38 65.56 65.74 65.92 —67.00 —67.18 —67.36 —67.54 —67.72 68.80 68.98 69.16 69.34 69.52 70:60... 70.78 70.96 71.14 71.32 AZAD AP 72.589) 72.76 1 72.94 73.12 74.20 74.38 74.56 74.74 74.92 —76.00 —76.18 —76.36 —76.54 —76.72 ZASO RM 7,98 8 17-10) I) 70:04, BOs 79.60 79.78 79.96 80.14 80.32 81.40.) 81-58) 81.76.8194 82.12 83.20 83.38 83.56 83.74 83.92 —85.00 —85.18 —85.36 —85.54 —85.72 86.80 86.98 87.16 87.34 87.52 $8.60 8878 8896 989.14 89.32 90:40) i 90/58) 79 '90:76. | 90.94. (91.12 92.20) Wh 92.38 py 92-90 692.74 92:92 —94.00 —94.18 —94.36 —94.54 —94.72 95.80 95.98. 96.16 96.34 96.52 97.60 pn 97-78) 197-96.) 98.14 98.32 99:40 » 99.58 99.76 99.94 100.12 101.20 101.38 101.56 101.74 101.92 —103.00 —103.18 —103.36 —103.54 —103.72 104.80 104.98 105.16 105.34 105.52 106.60 106.78 106.96 107.14 197.32 108.40 108.58 108.76 108.94 109.12 110.20 110.38 110.56 110.74 110.92 —112.00 —112.18 —112.36 —112.54 —112.72 113.80 113.98 114.16 114.34 114.52 115.60 115.78 115.96 116.14 116.32 117.40 117.58 117.76 117.94 118.12 119.20 119.38 119.56 119.74 119.92 —121.00 —121.18 —121.36 —121.54 —121.72 12280) 122.98: 0t23.16 | 123.34 123.52 124.60 124.78 124.96 125.14 125.32 126.40 126.58 126.76 126.94 127.12 128.20 128.38 128.56 128.74 128.92 —130,00 —130.18 —130.36 —130.54 —130.72 1380) S198, 2152.16. 9132.34 132:52 133.60 133.78 133.96 134.14 134.32 135.40 135.58 135.76 135.94 136.12 13720) el37238) 37:56 1137.74 137-92 —139.00 —139.18 —139.36 —139.54 —139.72 140.80 140.98 141.16 141.34 141.52 142.60 142.78 142.96 143.14 143.32 144.10 144.58 144.76 144.94 145.12 146.20 146.38 146.56 146.74 146.92 —148.00 —148.18 —148.36 —148.54 —148.72 SMITHSONIAN METEOROLOGICAL TABLES 5. 6 vf 8 ae) “15 “54 °F. “106 °F. —58.90 —59.08 —59.26 —59.44 —59.62 60.70 60.88 61.06 61.24 61.42 62.50 62.68 62.86 63.04 63.22 64.30 64.48 6466 64.84 65.02 66.10 66.28 66.46 66.64 66.82 —67.90 —68.08 —68.26 —68.44 —68.62 69.70 69.88 70.06 70.24 70.42 71.50 3): 21.68.) 21-86 7 72:04, 7222 73.30 73.48 73.66 73.84 74.02 79.10 75.28 75.46 1575.64 75.82 —76.90 —77.08 —77.26 —77.44 —77.62 78.70 7888 79.06 79.84 79.42 80.50 80.68 80.86 81.04 81.22 82.30 82.48 82.66 82.84 83.02 8410 8428 8446 8464 84.82 —85.90 —86.08 —86.26 —86.44 —86.62 87.70 87.88 88.06 88.24 88.42 89.50 89.68 89.86 90.04 90.22 91.30 9148 91.66 \. 984" 92:02 93.10 93.28 93.46 93.64 93.82 —94.90 —95.08 —95.26 —95.44 —95.62 96.70 96.88 97.06 97.24 97.42 98.50 98.68 9886 99.04 99.22 100.30 100.48 100.66 100.84 101.02 102.10 102.28 10246 102.64 102.82 —103.90 —104.08 —104.26 —104.44 —104.62 105.70 105.88 106.06 106.24 106.42 107.50 107.68 107.86 108.04 108.22 109.30 109.48 109.66 109.84 110.02 VILAO. ALIN28 G1TT46° elites" aes2 —112.90 —113.08 —113.26 —113.44 —113.62 114.70 11488 115.06 115.24 115.42 116.50 116.68 116.86 117.04 117.22 118.30 11848 118.66 118.84 119.02 120.10 120.28 120.46 120.64 120.82 —121.90 —122.08 —122.26 —122.44 —122.62 123.70 123.88 124.06 124.24 124.42 125.50 125.68 125.86 126.04 126.22 127.30 127.48 127.66 127.84 128.02 129.10 129.28 129.46 129.64 129.82 —130.90 —131.08 —131.26 —131.44 —131.62 132.70 132.88 133.06 133.24 133.42 134.50 134.68 134.86 135.04 135.22 136.30 136.48 136.66 136.84 137.02 138.10 138.28 138.46 138.64 138.82 —139.90 —140.08 —140.26 —140.44 —140.62 141.70 141.88 142.06 142.24 142.42 143.50 143.68 143.86 144.04 144.22 145.30 145.48 145.66 145.84 146.02 147.10 147.28 147.46 147.64 147.82 —148.90 —149.08 —149.26 —149.44 —149.62 DIFFERENCES FAHRENHEIT TO DIFFERENCES CENTIGRADE Fahr HAE 0 oc: 0° 0.00 1 0.56 1.11 3 1.67 4 2.22 5 2.78 6 3:35 7 3.89 8 4.44 9 5.00 10 5.56 11 6.11 12 6.67 13 MRED 14 7.78 15 8.33 16 8.89 17 9.44 18 10.00 19 10.56 20 WL DIFFERENCES CENTIGRADE TO DIFFERENCES A | Sc: 0.06 RS 90) = SUNG ON Cass nook Bonne iss) COnnred 2 °¢. 0.11 0.67 3 Ae 0.17 SMITHSONIAN METEOROLOGICAL TABLES TABLE 5 DAKUN DoNR OD & CO CON AAN np pot as SCpowN CORO TABLE 6 3.11 _ SONS) COTS OO SINS OU WoOnmNnN FOr Oo WONn™N . 10.89 11.44 FAHRENHEIT nN Ke) ° 9 DNNAA MNAROW NNO REQ CO NWNREAO MoOWwWod NEO CONNER OBROBO NNE Ww 30 TABLE 7 CENTIGRADE DEGREES PER KILOMETER TO FAHRENHEIT DEGREES PER ee 1000 ft. 0.00 0.55 1.10 1.65 Z.19 2.74 3.29 3.84 4.39 4.94 OONAW PWNS 1000 ft. 0.05 FAHRENHEIT DEGREES WOONAMW RWNHO Ke) —_ — 1000 FEET SC. dS 1 ar = 0.54864 7000 ft. Wee ES 4 1) ors °F, LDS 156 1000 ft. 1000 ft. 1000 ft. 1000 ft. 0.11 0.16 0.22 0.27 0.66 0.71 0.77 0.82 1.21 1.26 1.32 137 1.76 1.81 1.87 1.92 2.30 2.36 2.41 2.47 2.85 2.91 2.96 3.02 3.40 3.46 3.51 3.57 3.95 4.01 4.06 4.11 4.50 4.55 4.61 4.66 5.05 5.10 5.16 5.21 TABLE 8 KILOMETER SRS an SC 1 7000 ft. — 1.82269 in. 2 as) 4 5 °C. es SG; (Gn km. “km. km. km. 0.36 0.55 0.73 0.91 2.19 2.37 2.55 PAS 4.01 4.19 4.37 4.56 5.83 6.01 6.20 6.38 7.66 7.84 8.02 8.20 9.48 9.66 9.84 10.02 1130) VES. 67, 11.85 132") S31) 13'49 13.67 VOSS! 15:3 15.49 1677 1695) 17213 ISA PER 1000 FEET TO CENTIGRADE DEGREES SMITHSONIAN METEOROLOGICAL TABLES o ° F, 1000 ft. 0.33 Ore aN 5 Sy UNTO ALD a 8 “10 tie 1000 ft. 1000 ft. 0.38 0.44 0:93) 80.99 148 1.54 2:03\ 72208 298 203 315 3.18 S68) Uesi7S 422 4.28 4.77 4.83 B32. 9 eaa8 1000 ft. 0.49 1.04 1.59 PER TABLE 9 INCHES OF MERCURY TO MILLIBARS 1 inch of mercury = 33.86389 millibars. In. Hg. .00 01 02 03 .04 05 .06 .07 mb. mb. mb. mb. mb. mb. mb. mb. 0.00 0.00 0.34 0.68 1.02 1.35 1.69 2.03 2.37 10 3.39 3.73 4.06 4.40 4.74 5.08 5.42 5.76 .20 6.77 ZA 7.45 7.79 8.13 8.47 8.80 9.14 30 10.16 10.50 10.84 11.18 11.51 TESS 219° e253 40 13.55 13.88 1422 14.56 14.90 15.24 15.58 15.92 0.50 1693) 727, SUG F795: T1829 18.63 18.96 19.30 60 20:32 “2066. Z00) 21833) | 21867 ZA0K 922335, 722/69 70 23.70 24.04 24.38 24.72 25.06 25.40 25.74 26.08 80 2709) 2743" E2777 W281 28:45 28.78 29.12 29.46 90 30:48 30:82) “31:15 %31749:' ~ 31-83 S217 “S251 T3285 1.00 33.86 3420 34.54 34.88 35.22 3956 39:90 36.23 1.10 S725 Taroo -3/935 “3827 |/38:60 38.94 39.28 39.62 1.20 40.64 40.98 41.31 41.65 41.99 42.33 42.67 43.01 1.30 44.02 4436 44.70 45.04 45.38 45.72 46.05 46.39 1.40 47.41 47.75 48.09 48.43 48.76 49.10 49.44 49,78 1.50 BOSO) aolets Bala e5iisl) e525 52.49 52.83 53.17 1.60 54.18 5452 5486 55.20 55.54 Boiss esol) 156.55 1.70 57. sole E5825) BoSoS) Boos 59.26 59.60 59.94 1.80 60.96 61.29 61.63 61.97 62.31 62.65 62.99 63.33 1.90 64.34 64.68 65.02 65.36 65.70 66.03 66.37 66.71 2.00 67.73 68.07 68.41 68.74 69.08 69.42 69.76 70.10 2.10 AIS eas EAeA9) R723) 72:47. W280 (7/315) “F348 2.20 7450) “7A84 S7518) 375152 | 75:86 76.19 76.53 76.87 2.30 77.89 78.23 78.56 78.90 79.24 79.58 79.92 80.26 2.40 81.27. 81.61 81.95 82.29 82.63 82.97 83.31 83.64 2.50 84.66 85.00 85.34 85.68 86.01 86.35 86.69 87.03 2.60 88.05 88.38 88.72 89.06 89.40 89.74 90.08 90.42 2.70 9143 91.77 9211 9245 92.79 93.13 93.46 93.80 2.80 94.82 95.16 95.50 95.83 96.17 96.51 96.85 97.19 2.90 98.21 98.54 98.88 99.22 99.56 99.90 100.24 100.58 3.00 101.59 101.93 102.27 102.61 10295 103.28 103.62 103.96 3.10 104.98 105.32 105.66 105.99 106.33 106.67 107.01 107.35 3.20 10836 108.70 109.04 109.38 109.72 110.06 110.40 110.73 Ss0ne lic/5- 1200 12.43° 112.77 113,11 113.44 113.78 114.12 3.40 115.14 115.48 115.81 116.15 11649 116.83 117.17 117.51 3.50 118.52 118.86 119.20 119.54 119.88 120.22 120.56 120.89 S.605- 120-91 12225 122.59 12293. 123.26 123.60 123.94 124.28 3.70 125.30 125.64 125.97 126.31 126.65 126.99 127.33 127.67 3.80 128.68 129.02 129,36 129.70 130.04 130.38 130.71 131.05 3.90 132.07 132.41 132.75 133.09 133.42 133.76 134.10 134.44 4.00 135.46 135.79 136.13 136.47 13681 137.15 137.49 137.83 410 138.84 139.18 139.52 139.86 14020 140.54 14087 141.21 420 142.23 14257 14291 14324 143.58 14392 14426 144.60 430 145.61 145.95 146.29 146.63 146.97 147.31 147.65 147.99 440 149.00 149.34 149.68 150.02 150.36 150.69 151.03 151.37 . 4.50 152.39 152.73 153.06 153.40 15374 154.08 154.42 154.75 460 155.77 156.11 156.45 156.79 157.13 157.47 157.81 15814 470 159.16 159.50 159.84 160.18 160.51 16085 161.19 161.53 480 162.55 16289 163.22 163.56 16390 164.24 164.58 164.92 490 165.93 166.27 166.61 166.95 167.29 167.63 167.96 168.30 5.00 169.32 169.66 170.00 170.34 170.67 1700 17135" 17069 (continued) in. Hg. .001 .002 .003 .004 .005 .006 .007 Proportional parts mb O8trs 07 10rn alae aoe) 20), 24 SMITHSONIAN METEOROLOGICAL TABLES 32 In. Hg. .00 01 mb. mb. 5.00 169.32 169.66 5.10 172.71 173.04 5.20 176.09 176.43 5.30 179.48 179.82 182.87 183.20 186.25 186.59 189.64 189.98 193.02 193.36 196.41 196.75 199.80 200.14 203.18 203.52 206.57 206.91 209.96 210.29 213.34 213.68 216.73 217.07 220.12 220.45 223.50 223.84 226.89 227.23 230.27 230.61 233.66 234.00 237.05 237.39 240.43 240.77 243.82 244.16 247.21 247.55 250.93 253.98 254.32 207,37 297-10 260.75 261.09 264.14 264.48 267.52 267.86 270.91 271.25 274.30 274.64 277.68 278.02 281.07 281.41 284.46 284.80 287.84 288.18 291.23 291.57 294.62 294.95 298.00 298.34 301.39 301.73 304.78 305.11 308.16 308.50 SESS). SURO 314.93 315.27 318.32 318.66 321-71, 322.05 325.09 325.43 328.48 328.82 331.87 332.20 $35.25) 33:59, 338.98 WHO OMNAwN wye Du : SS8SS SSSS8S SSSSS SSSSS SSSS8S SSBSS SSSSS SSBSESE SS33s 8 i) ou So on No) OOD {030103010 0090009000 9000900090 NINNINNE NNINNINE DAAAD AKHAAAKA nunmnn om COBNUDMH BWHHO ODNAUM BWHHEO OBNAM DW —y So =e =) WwW w i) CON > Proportional parts 02 mb. 170.00 173.38 176.77 180.16 183.54 186.93 190.32 193.70 197.09 200.47 203.86 207.25 210.63 214.02 217.41 220.79 224.18 227.57 230.95 234.34 237.72 241.11 244.50 247.88 251.27 254.66 258.04 261.43 264.82 268.20 271259 274.97 278.36 281.75 285.13 288.52 291.91 295.29 298.68 302.07 305.45 308.84 SIZ2Z3 315.61 319.00 322.38 320-07, 329.16 332.54 335.93 339.32 in. Hg. mb. TABLE 9 (CONTINUED) INCHES OF MERCURY TO MILLIBARS 1 inch of mercury = 33.86389 millibars. 03 mb. 170.34 173.72 WEL 180.49 183.88 187.27 190.65 194.04 197.43 200.81 204.20 207.59 210.97 214.36 217.74 221.13 224.52 227.90 231.29 234.68 238.06 241.45 244.84 248.22 251.61 255.00 258.38 261.77 265.15 268.54 271.93 275.31 278.70 282.09 285.47 288.86 292.25 295.63 299.02 302.40 305.79 309.18 312.56 315.95 319.34 322.72 326.11 329.50 332.88 336.27 339.65 .001 .03 SMITHSONIAN METEOROLOGICAL TABLES .04 mb. 170.67 174.06 177.45 180.83 184.22 187.61 190.99 194.38 197.77 201.15 204.54 207.92 211.31 214.70 218.08 221.47 224.86 228.24 231.63 235.02 238.40 241.79 245.17 248.56 251.95 255.08 258.72 262.11 265.49 268.88 272.27 275.65 279.04 282.42 285.81 289.20 292.58 295.97 299.36 302.74 306.13 309.52 312.90 316.29 319.68 323.06 326.45 329.83 333.22 336.61 339.99 (continued) 05 mb. 171.01 174.40 177.79 181.17 184.56 187.94 191.33 194.72 198.10 201.49 204.88 208.26 211.65 215.04 218.42 221.81 229.19 228.58 231.97 235.35 238.74 242.13 245.51 248.90 252.29 255.67 259.06 262.45 265.83 269.22 272.60 275.99 279.38 282.76 286.15 289.54 292.92 296.31 299.70 303.08 306.47 309.85 313.24 316.63 320.01 323.40 326.79 330.17 333.56 336.95 340.33 06 mb. 171.35 174.74 178.12 181.51 184.90 188.28 191.67 195.06 198.44 201.83 205.22 208.60 211.99 215.37 218.76 22215 225.53 228.92 232.31 235.69 239.08 242.47 245.85 249.24 252.62 256.01 259.40 262.78 266.17 269.56 272.94 276.33 279.72 283.10 286.49 289.87 293.26 296.65 300.03 303.42 306.81 310.19 313.58 316.97 320.35 323.74 327.43 330.51 333.90 337.28 340.67 .07 mb. 171.69 175.08 178.46 181.85 185.24 188.62 192.01 195.39 198.78 202.17 205.55 208.94 212.33 215.71 219.10 222.49 225.87 229.26 232.64 236.03 239.42 242.80 246.19 249.58 252.96 256.35 259.74 263.12 206.51 269.90 273.28 276.67 280.05 283.44 286.83 290.21 293.60 296.99 300.37 303.76 307.15 310.53 313.92 317.30 320.69 324.08 327.46 330.85 334.24 337.62 341.01 002.003 .004 .005 .006 .007 O75. 10 14 zee 20 .24 08 mb. 172.03 175.41 178.80 182.19 185.57 188.96 192.35 195.73 199.12 202.51 205.89 209.28 212.67 216.05 219.44 222.82 226.21 229.60 232.98 236.37 239.76 243.14 246.53 249.92 253.30 256.69 260.07 263.46 266.85 270.23 273.62 277.01 280.39 283.78 287.17 290.55 293.94 297.32 300.71 304.10 307.48 310.87 314.26 317.64 321.03 324.42 327.80 331.19 334.58 337.96 341.35 .09 mb. 172.37 175.75 179.14 182.53 185.91 189.30 192.69 196.07 199.46 202.84 206,23 209.62 213.00 216.39 219.78 223.16 226.55 229.94 233.32 236.71 240.09 243.48 246.87 250.25 253.64 257.03 260.41 263.80 267.19 270.57 273.96 277.35 280.73 284.12 287.50 290.89 294.28 297.66 301.05 304.44 307.82 311.21 314.60 317.98 321.37 324.75 328.14 331-53 334.91 338.30 341.69 008 .009 27? 230 TABLE 9 (CONTINUED) 33 INCHES OF MERCURY TO MILLIBARS 1 inch of mercury = 33.86389 millibars. In. Hg. .00 01 02 .03 04 05 .06 .07 08 09 mb. mb. mb. mb. mb. mb. mb. mb. mb. mb. 10.00 338.64 338.98 339.32 339.65 339.99 340.33 340.67 341.01 341.35 341.69 10.10 342.03 342.36 342.70 343.04 343.38 343.72 344.06 344.40 344.73 345.07 10.20 345.41 345.75 346.09 346.43 346.77 347.10 347.44 347.78 348.12 348.46 10.30 348.80 349.14 349.48 349.81 350.15 350.49 350.83 351.17 351.51 351.85 10.40 352.18 352.52 352.86 353.20 353.54 353.88 354.22 354.55 354.89 355.23 10.50 355.57 355.91 356.25 356.59 356.93 357.26 357.60 357.94 358.28 358.62 10.60 358.96 359.30 359.63 359.97 360.31 360.65 360.99 361.33 361.67 362.00 10.70 362.34 362.68 363.02 363.36 363.70 364.04 364.38 364.71 365.05 365.39 10.80 365.73 366.07 366.41 366.75 367.08 367.42 367.76 368.10 368.44 368.78 10.90 369.12 369.46 369.79 370.13 370.47 370.81 371.15 371.49 371.83 372.16 11.00 372.50 372.84 373.18 373.52 373.86 374.20 374.53 374.87 375.21 375.55 11.10 375.89 376.23 376.57 376.91 377.24 377.58 377.92 378.26 378.60 378.94 11.20 379.28. 379.61 379.95 380.29 380.63 380.97 381.31 381.65 381.98 382.32 11.30 382.66 383.00 383.34 383.68 384.02 384.36 384.69 385.03 385.37 385.71 11.40 386.05 386.39 386.73 387.06 387.40 387.74 388.08 388.42 388.76 389.10 11.50 389.43 389.77 390.11 390.45 390.79 391.13 391.47 391.81 392.14 392.48 11.60 392.82 393.16 393.50 393.84 394.18 394.51 394.85 395.19 395.53 395.87 11.70 396.21 396.55 396.88 397.22 397.56 397.90 398.24 398.58 398.92 399.26 11.80 399.59 399.93 400.27 400.61 400.95 401.29 401.63 401.96 402.30 402.64 11.90 402.98 403.32 403.66 404.00 404.33 404.67 405.01 405.35 405.69 406.03 12.00 406.37 406.71 407.04 407.38 407.72 408.06 408.40 408.74 409.08 409.41 12.10 409.75 410.09 410.43 410.77 411.11 411.45 411.78 412.12 412.46 412.80 12.20 413.14 413.48 413.82 414.16 414.49 414.83 415.17 415.51 415.85 416.19 12.30 416.53 416.86 417.20 417.54 417.88 418.22 418.56 418.90 419.23 419.57 12.40 419.91 420.25 420.59 420.93 421.27 421.61 421.94 422.28 422.62 422.96 12.50 423.30 423.64 423.98 424.31 424.65 424.99 425.33 425.67 426.01 426.35 12.60 426.69 427.02 427.36 427.70 428.04 428.38 428.72 429.06 429.39 429.73 12.70 430.07 430.41 430.75 431.09 431.43 431.76 432.10 432.44 432.78 433.12 12.80 433.46 433.80 434.14 434.47 434.81 435.15 435.49 435.83 436.17 436.51 12.90 436.84 437.18 437.52 437.86 438.20 438.54 438.88 439.21 439.55 439.89 13.00 440.23 440.57 440.91 441.25 441.59 441.92 44226 442.60 442.94 443.28 13.10 443.62 443.96 444.29 44463 444.97 445.31 445.65 445.99 446.33 446.66 13.20 447.00 447.34 447.68 448.02 448.36 448.70 449.04 449.37 449.71 450.05 13.30 450.39 450.73 451.07 451.41 451.74 452.08 452.42 452.76 453.10 453.44 13.40 453.78 454.11 454.45 454.79 455.13 455.47 455.81 456.15 456.49 456.82 13.50 457.16 457.50 457.84 458.18 458.52 458.86 459.19 459.53 459.87 460.21 13.60 460.55 460.89 461.23 461.56 461.90 462.24 462.58 462.92 463.26 463.60 13.70 463.94 464.27 464.61 464.95 465.29 465.63 465.97 466.31 466.64 466.98 13.80 467.32 467.66 468.00 468.34 468.68 469.01 469.35 469.69 470.03 470.37 13.90 470.71 471.05 471.39 471.72 472.06 472.40 472.74 473.08 473.42 473.76 14.00 474.09 474.43 474.77 475.11 475.45 475.79 476.13 476.46 476.80 477.14 14.10 477.48 477.82 478.16 478.50 478.84 479.17 479.51 479.85 480.19 480.53 14.20 480.87 481.21 481.54 481.88 482.22 482.56 482.90 483.24 483.58 483.91 14.30 484.25 484.59 484.93 485.27 485.61 485.95 486.29 486.62 486.96 487.30 14.40 487.64 487.98 488.32 488.66 488.99 489.33 489.67 490.01 490.35 490.69 14.50 491.03 491.37 491.70 492.04 492.38 492.72 493.06 493.40 493.74 494.07 14.60 494.41 494.75 495.09 495.43 495.77 496.11 496.44 496.78 497.12 497.46 14.70 497.80 498.14 498.48 498.82 499.15 499.49 499.83 500.17 500.51 500.85 14.80 501.19 501.52 501.86 502.20 502.54 502.88 503.22 503.56 503.89 504.23 14.90 504.57 504.91 505.25 505.59 505.93 506.27 506.60 506.94 507.28 507.62 15.00 507.96 508.30 508.64 508.97 509.31 509.65 509.99 510.33 510.67 511.01 (continued) : in. Hg. .001 .002 .003 .004 .005 .006 .007 .008 .009 Proportional parts wb, O30) 07. 30%. 1a er oy. daar optrlgs SMITHSONIAN METEOROLOGICAL TABLES 34 TABLE 9 (CONTINUED) INCHES OF MERCURY TO MILLIBARS 1 inch of mercury = 33.86389 millibars. In. Hg. .00 01 02 .03 .04 05 .06 .07 .08 .09 mb. mb. mb. mb. mb. mb. mb. mb. mb. mb. 15.00 507.96 508.30 508.64 508.97 509.31 509.65 509.99 510.33 510.67 511.01 15.10 511.34 511.68 512.02 512.36 512.70 513.04 513.38 513.72 514.05 514.39 15.20 514.73 515.07 515.41 515.75 516.09 516.42 516.76 517.10 517.44 517.78 15.30 518.12 518.46 518.79 519.13 519.47 519.81 520.15 520.49 520.83 521.17 15.40 521.50 521.84 522.18 522.52 522.86 523.20 523.54 523.87 524.21 524.55 15.50 524.89 525.23 525.57 525.91 526.24 526.58 526.92 527.26 527.60 527.94 15.60 528.28 528.62 528.95 529.29 529.63 529.97 530.31 530.65 530.99 531.32 15.70 531.66 532.00 532.34 532.68 533.02 533.36 533.69 534.03 534.37 534.71 15.80 535.05 535.39 535.73 536.07 536.40 536.74 537.08 537.42 537.76. 538.10 15.90 538.44 538.77 539.11 539.45 539.79 540.13 540.47 540.81 541.14 541.48 16.00 541.82 54216 542.50 542.84 543.18 543.52 543.85 544.19 544.53 544.87 16.10 545.21 545.55 545.89 546.22 546.56 546.90 547.24 547.58 547.92 548.26 16.20 548.60 548.93 549.27 549.61 549.95 550.29 550.63 550.97 551.30 551.64 16.30 551.98 552.32 552.66 553.00 553.34 553.67 554.01 554.35 554.69 555.03 16.40 555.37 555.71 556.05 556.38 556.72 557.06 557.40 557.74 558.08 558.42 16.50 558.75 559.09 559.43 559.77 560.11 560.45 560.79 561.12 561.46 561.80 16.60 562.14 562.48 562.82 563.16 563.50 563.83 564.17 564.51 564.85 565.19 16.70 565.53 565.87 566.20 566.54 566.88 567.22 567.56 567.90 568.24 568.57 16.80 568.91 569.25 569.59 569.93 570.27 570.61 570.95 571.28 571.62 571.96 1690 572.30 572.64 572.98 573.32 573.65 573.99 574.33 574.67 575.01 575.35 17.00 575.69 576.02 576.36 576.70 577.04 577.38 577.72 578.06 578.40 578.73 17.10 579.07 579.41 579.75 580.09 580.43 580.77 581.10 581.44 581.78 582.12 17.20 582.46 582.80 583.14 583.47 583.81 584.15 584.49 584.83 585.17 585.51 17.30 585.85 586.18 586.52 586.86 587.20 587.54 587.88 588.22 588.55 588.89 17.40 589.23 589.57 589.91 590.25 590.59 590.92 591.26 591.60 591.94 592.28 17.50 592.62 592.96 593.30 593.63 593.97 594.31 594.65 594.99 595.33 595.67 17.60 596.00 596.34 596.68 597.02 597.36 597.70 598.04 598.37 598.71 599.05 17.70 599.39 599.73 600.07 600.41 600.75 601.08 601.42 601.76 602.10 602.44 17.80 602.78 603.12 603.45 603.79 604.13 604.47 604.81 605.15 605.49 605.82 17.90 606.16 606.50 606.84 607.18 607.52 607.86 608.20 608.53 608.87 609.21 18.00 609.55 609.89 610.23 610.57 610.90 611.24 611.58 611.92 612.26 612.60 18.10 612.94 613.28 613.61 613.95 614.29 614.63 614.97 615.31 615.65 615.98 18.20 616.32 616.66 617.00 617.34 617.68 618.02 618.35 618.69 619.03 619.37 18.30 619.71 620.05 620.39 620.73 621.06 621.40 621.74 622.08 622.42 622.76 18.40 623.10 623.43 623.77 624.11 624.45 624.79 625.13 625.47 625.80 626.14 18.50 626.48 626.82 627.16 627.50 627.84 628.18 628.51 628.85 629.19 629.53 18.60 629.87 630.21 630.55 630.88 631.22 631.56 631.90 632.24 632.58 632.92 18.70 633.25 633.59 633.93 634.27 634.61 634.95 635.29 635.63 635.96 636.30 18.80 636.64 636.98 637.32 637.66 638.00 638.33 638.67 639.01 639.35 639.69 18.90 640.03 640.37 640.70 641.04 641.38 641.72 642.06 642.40 642.74 643.08 19.00 643.41 643.75 644.09 644.43 644.77 645.11 645.45 645.78 646.12 646.46 19.10 646.80 647.14 647.48 647.82 648.15 648.49 648.83 649.17 649.51 649.85 19.20 650.19 650.53 650.86 651.20. 651.54 651.88 652.22 652.56 652.90 653.23 19.30 653.57 653.91 654.25 654.59 654.93 655.27 655.60 655.94 656.28 656.62 19.40 656.96 657.30 657.64 657.98 658.31 658.65 658.99 659.33 659.67 660.01 19.50 660.35 660.68 661.02 661.36 661.70 662.04 662.38 662.72 663.05 663.39 19.60 663.73 664.07 664.41 664.75 665.09 665.43 665.76 666.10 666.44 666.78 19.70 667.12 667.46 667.80 668.13 668.47 668.81 669.15 669.49 669.83 670.17 19.80 670.51 670.84 671.18 671.52 671.86 672.20 672.54 672.88 673.21 673.55 19.90 673.89 674.23 674.57 674.91 675.25 675.58 675.92 676.26 676.60 676.94 20.00 677.28 677.62 677.96 678.29 678.63 678.97 679.31 679.65 679.99 680.33 (continued) in. Hg. .001 .002 .003 .004 .005 .006 .007 .008 .009 Bugporubnaliparts. (x. Gapls 0s*. (077. 10!" ae \agm 420) Rad eee) MO SMITHSONIAN METEOROLOGICAL TABLES TABLE 9 (CONTINUED) 35 INCHES OF MERCURY TO MILLIBARS 1 inch of mercury = 33.86389 millibars. In. Hg. .00 01 02 03 04 .05 .06 .07 08 .09 mb. mb. mb. mb. mb. mb. mb. mb. mb. mb. 20.00 677.28 677.62 677.96 678.29 678.63 678.97 679.31 679.65 679.99 680.33 20.10 680.66 681.00 681.34 681.68 682.02 682.36 682.70 683.03 683.37 683.71 20.20 684.05 684.39 684.73 685.07 685.41 685.74 686.08 686.42 686.76 687.10 20.30 687.44 687.78 688.11 688.45 688.79 689.13 689.47 689.81 690.15 690.48 20.40 690.82 691.16 691.50 691.84 692.18 692.52 692.86 693.19 693.53 693.87 20.50 694.21 694.55 694.89 695.23 695.56 695.90 696.24 696.58 696.92 697.26 20.60 697.60 697.93 698.27 698.61 698.95 699.29 699.63 699.97 700.31 700.64 20.70 700.98 701.32 701.66 702.00 702.34 702.68 703.01 703.35 703.69 704.03 20.80 704.37 704.71 705.05 705.38 705.72 706.06 706.40 706.74 707.08 707.42 20.90 707.76 708.09 708.43 708.77 709.11 709.45 709.79 710.13 710.46 710.80 21.00 711.14 711.48 711.82 712.16 712.50 712.83 713.17 713.51 713.85 714.19 21.10 714.53 714.87 715.21 715.54 715.88 716.22 716.56 716.90 717.24 717.58 21.20 9717.91 718.25 718.59 718.93 719.27 719.61 719.95 720.28 720.62 720.96 21.30 721.30 721.64 721.98 722.32 722.66 722.99 723.33 723.67 724.01 724.35 21.40 724.69 725.03 725.36 725.70 726.04 726.38 726.72 727.06 727.40 727.73 21.50 728.07 728.41 728.75 729.09 729.43 729.77 730.11 730.44 730.78 731.12 21.60 731.46 731.80 732.14 732.48 732.81 733.15 733.49 733.83 734.17 734.51 21.70 = 734.85 735.19 735.52 735.86 736.20 736.54 736.88 737.22 737.56 737.89 21.80 738.23 738.57 738.91 739.25 739.59 739.93 740.26 740.60 740.94 741.28 21.90 741.62 741.96 742.30 742.64 742.97 743.31 743.65 743.99 744.33 744.67 22.00 745.01 745.34 745.68 746.02 746.36 746.70 747.04 747.38 747.71 748.05 22.10 748.39 748.73 749.07 749.41 749.75 750.09 750.42 750.76 751.10 751.44 22.20 751.78 752.12 752.46 752.79 753.13 753.47 753.81 754.15 754.49 754.83 22.30 755.16 755.50 755.84 756.18 756.52 756.86 757.20 757.54 757.87 758.21 22.40 758.55 758.89 759.23 759.57 759.91 760.24 760.58 760.92 761.26 761.60 22.50 761.94 762.28 762.61 762.95 763.29 763.63 763.97 764.31 764.65 764.99 22.60 765.32 765.66 766.00 766.34 766.68 767.02 767.36 767.69 768.03 768.37 22.70 768.71 769.05 769.39 769.73 770.06 770.40 770.74 771.08 771.42 771.76 22.80 772.10 772.44 772.77 773.11 773.45 773.79 774.13 774.47 774.81 775.14 22.90 775.48 775.82 776.16 776.50 776.84 77718 777.51 777.85 778.19 778.53 23.00 778.87 779.21 779.55 779.89 780.22 780.56 780.90 781.24 781.58 781.92 23.10 782.26 782.59 782.93 783.27 783.61 783.95 784.29 784.63 784.96 785.30 23.20 785.64 785.98 786.32 786.66 787.00 787.34 787.67 788.01 788.35 788.69 23.30 789.03 789.37 789.71 790.04 790.38 790.72 791.06 791.40 791.74 792.08 23.40 792.42 792.75 793.09 793.43 793.77 794.11 794.45 794.79 795.12 795.46 23.50 795.80 796.14 796.48 796.82 797.16 797.49 797.83 798.17 798.51 798.85 23.60 799.19 799.53 799.87 800.20 800.54 800.88 801.22 801.56 801.90 802.24 23.70 802.57 802.91 803.25 803.59 803.93 804.27 804.61 804.94 805.28 805.62 23.80 805.96 806.30 806.64 806.98 807.32 807.65 807.99 808.33 808.67 809.01 23.90 809.35 809.69 810.02 810.36 810.70 811.04 811.38 811.72 812.06 812.39 24.00 812.73 813.07 813.41 813.75 814.09 81443 814.77 815.10 815.44 815.78 24.10 816.12 816.46 816.80 817.14 817.47 817.81 818.15 818.49 818.83 819.17 24.20 819.51 819.84 820.18 820.52 820.86 821.20 821.54 821.88 822.22 822.55 24.30 822.89 823.23 823.57 823.91 824.25 824.59 824.92 825.26 825.60 825.94 24.40 826.28 826.62 826.96 827.29 827.63 827.97 828.31 828.65 828.99 829.33 24.50 829.67 830.00 830.34 830.68 831.02 831.36 831.70 832.04 832.37 832.71 24.60 833.05 833.39 833.73 834.07 83441 834.74 835.08 835.42 835.76 836.10 24.70 836.44 836.78 837.12 837.45 837.79 838.13 838.47 838.81 839.15 839.49 24.80 839.82 840.16 840.50 840.84 841.18 841.52 841.86 842.19 842.53 842.87 24.90 843.21 843.55 843.89 844.23 844.57 844.90 845.24 845.58 845.92 846.26 25.00 846.60 846.94 847.27 847.61 847.95 848.29 848.63 848.97 849.31 849.65 (continued) in. Hg. .001 .002 .003 .004 .005 .006 .007 .008 .009 Proportional parts ab 103. 007 40. te ay 20 aaa a, SMITHSONIAN METEOROLOGICAL TABLES 36 TABLE 9 (CONTINUED) INCHES OF MERCURY TO MILLIBARS 1 inch of mercury = 33.86389 millibars. In. Hg. .00 01 02 03 04 05 .06 .07 .08 09 mb. mb. mb. mb. mb. mb. mb. mb. mb. mb. 25.00 846.60 846.94 847.27 847.61 847.95 848.29 848.63 848.97 849.31 849.65 25.10 849.98 850.32 850.66 851.00 851.34 851.68 852.02 852.35 852.69 853.03 25.20 853.37 853.71 854.05 854.39 854.72 855.06 855.40 855.74 856.08 856.42 25.30 856.76 857.10 857.43 857.77 858.11 858.45 858.79 859.13 859.47 859.80 25.40 860.14 860.48 860.82 861.16 861.50 861.84 862.17 862.51 862.85 863.19 25.50 863.53 863.87 864.21 864.55 864.88 865.22 865.56 865.90 866.24 866.58 25.60 866.92 867.25 867.59 867.93 868.27 868.61 868.95 869.29 869.62 869.96 25.70 870.30 870.64 870.98 871.32 871.66 872.00 872.33 872.67 873.01 873.35 25.80 873.69 874.03 874.37 874.70 875.04 875.38 875.72 876.06 876.40 876.74 25.90 877.07 877.41 877.75 878.09 878.43 878.77 879.11 879.45 879.78 880.12 26.00 880.46 880.80 881.14 881.48 881.82 882.15 882.49 882.83 883.17 883.51 26.10 883.85 884.19 884.52 884.86 885.20 885.54 885.88 886.22 886.56 886.90 26.20 887.23 887.57 887.91 888.25 888.59 888.93 889.27 889.60 889.94 890.28 26.30 890.62 890.96 891.30 891.64 891.97 892.31 892.65 892.99 893.33 893.67 26.40 894.01 894.35 894.68 895.02 895.36 895.70 896.04 896.38 896.72 897.05 26.50 897.39 897.73 898.07 898.41 898.75 899.09 899.42 899.76 900.10 900.44 26.60 900.78 901.12 901.46 901.80 90213 902.47 902.81 903.15 903.49 903.83 26.70 904.17 904.50 904.84 905.18 905.52 905.86 906.20 906.54 906.87 907.21 26.80 907.55 907.89 908.23 908.57 908.91 909.25 909.58 909.92 910.26 910.60 26.90 910.94 911.28 911.62 911.95 912.29 912.63 912.97 913.31 913.65 913.99 27.00 914.33 914.66 915.00 915.34 915.68 916.02 916.36 916.70 917.03 917.37 27.10 917.71 918.05 918.39 918.73 919.07 919.40 919.74 920.08 920.42 920.76 27.20 921.10 921.44 921.78 922.11 922.45 922.79 923.13 923.47 923.81 924.15 27.30 924.48 924.82 925.16 925.50 925.84 926.18 926.52 926.85 927.19 927.53 27.40 927.87 928.21 928.55 928.89 929.23 929.56 929.90 930.24 930.58 930.92 27.50 931.26 931.60 931.93 932.27 932.61 932.95 933.29 933.63 933.97 934.30 27.60 934.64 934.98 935.32 935.66 936.00 936.34 936.68 937.01 937.35 937.69 27.70 938.03 938.37 938.71 939.05 939.38 939.72 940.06 940.40 940.74 941.08 27.80 941.42 941.75 942.09 942.43 942.77 943.11 943.45 943.79 944.13 944.46 27.90 944.80 945.14 945.48 945.82 946.16 946.50 946.83 947.17 947.51 947.85 28.00 948.19 948.53 948.87 949.20 949.54 949.88 950.22 950.56 950.90 951.24 28:10) 98959:58 \/950-91.952.25 952.59 952°93 953:27 953.61" 953.95 954-28) 954162 28.20 954.96 955.30 955.64 955.98 956.32 956.65 956.99 957.33 957.67 958.01 28.30 958.35 958.69 959.03 959.36 959.70 960.04 960.38 960.72 961.06 961.40 28.40 961.73 962.07 962.41 962.75 963.09 963.43 963.77 964.10 964.44 964.78 28.50 965.12 965.46 965.80 966.14 966.48 966.81 967.15 967.49 967.83 968.17 28.60 968.51 968.85 969.18 969.52 969.86 970.20 970.54 970.88 971.22 971.56 28.70 971.89 972.23 972.57 972.91 973.25 973.59 973.93 974.26 974.60 974.94 28.80 975.28 975.62 975.96 976.30 976.63 976.97 977.31 977.65 977.99 978.33 28.90 978.67 979.01 979.34 979.68 980.02 980.36 980.70 981.04 981.38 981.71 29.00 982.05 982.39 982.73 983.07 983.41 983.75 984.08 984.42 984.76 985.10 29.10 985.44 985.78 986.12 986.46 986.79 987.13 987.47 987.81 988.15 988.49 29.20 988.83 989.16 989.50 989.84 990.18 990.52 990.86 991.20 991.53 991.87 29.30 992.21 992.55 992.89 993.23 993.57 993.91 994.24 994.58 994.92 995.26 29.40 995.60 995.94 996.28 996.61 996.95 997.29 997.63 997.97 998.31 998.65 29.50 998.98 999.32 999.66 1000.00 1000.34 1000.68 1001.02 1001.36 1001.69 1002.03 29.60 1002.37 1002.71 1003.05 1003.39 1003.73 1004.06 1004.40 1004.74 1005.08 1005.42 29.70 1005.76 1006.10 1006.43 1006.77 1007.11 1007.45 1007.79 1008.13 1008.47 1008.81 29.80 1009.14 1009.48 1009.82 1010.16 1010.50 1010.84 1011.18 1011.51 1011.85 1012.19 29.90 1012.53 1012.87 1013.21 1013.55 1013.88 1014.22 1014.56 1014.90 1015.24 1015.58 30.00 1015.92 1016.26 1016.59 1016.93 1017.27 1017.61 1017.95 1018.29 1018.63 1018.96 (continued) in. He. .001 .002 .003 .004 .005 .006 .007 .008 .009 Proportional parts mb. 103° 407 0 0 aM 7 ag tae ote SMITHSONIAN METEOROLOGICAL TABLES TABLE 9 (CONCLUDED) 37 INCHES OF MERCURY TO MILLIBARS 1 inch of mercury = 33.86389 millibars. In. Hg. .00 01 02 .03 .04 .05 .06 07 08 .09 mb. mb. mb. mb. mb. mb. mb. mb. mb. mb. 30.00 1015.92 1016.26 1016.59 1016.93 1017.27 1017.61 1017.95 1018.29 1018.63 1018.96 30.10 1019.30 1019.64 1019.98 1020.32 1020.66 1021.00 1021.33 1021.67 1022.01 1022.35 30.20 1022.69 1023.03 1023.37 1023.71 1024.04 1024.38 1024.72 1025.06 1025.40 1025.74 30.30 1026.08 1026.41 1026.75 1027.09 1027.43 1027.77 1028.11 1028.45 1028.78 1029.12 30.40 1029.46 1029.80 1030.14 1030.48 1030.82 1031.16 1031.49 1031.83 1032.17 1032.51 30.50 1032.85 1033.19 1033.53 1033.86 1034.20 1034.54 1034.88 1035.22 1035.56 1035.90 30.60 1036.24 1036.57: 1036.91 1037.25 1037.59 1037.93 1038.27 1038.61 1038.94 1039.28 30.70 1039.62 1039.96 1040.30 1040.64 1040.98 1041.31 1041.65 1041.99 1042.33 1042.67 30.80 1043.01 1043.35 1043.69 1044.02 1044.36 1044.70 1045.04 1045.38 1045.72 1046.06 30.90 1046.39 1046.73 1047.07 1047.41 1047.75 1048.09 1048.43 1048.76 1049.10 1049.44 31.00 1049.78 1050.12 1050.46 1050.80 1051.14 1051.47 1051.81 1052.15 1052.49 1052.83 31.10 1053.17 1053.51 1053.84 1054.18 1054.52 1054.86 1055.20 1055.54 1055.88 1056.21 31.20 1056.55 1056.89 1057.23 1057.57 1057.91 1058.25 1058.59 1058.92 1059.26 1059.60 31.30 1059.94 1060.28 1060.62 1060.96 1061.29 1061.63 1061.97 1062.31 1062.65 1062.99 31.40 1063.33 1063.66 1064.00 1064.34 1064.68 1065.02 1065.36 1065.70. 1066.04 1066.37 31.50 1066.71 1067.05 1067.39 1067.73 1068.07 1068.41 1068.74 1069.08 1069.42 1069.76 31.60 1070.10 1070.44 1070.78 1071.11 1071.45 1071.79 1072.13 1072.47 1072.81 1073.15 31.70 1073.49 1073.82 1074.16 1074.50 1074.84 1075.18 1075.52 1075.86 1076.19 1076.53 31.80 1076.87 1077.21 1077.55 1077.89 1078.23 1078.56 1078.90 1079.24 1079.58 1079.92 31.90 1080.26 1080.60 1080.94 1081.27 1081.61 1081.95 1082.29 1082.63 1082.97 1083.31 4 in. Hg. .001 .002 .003 .004 .005 .006 .007 .008 .009 Proportional parts mbsde0S O70 OL ams SIRs 20h end ) Neze (30 SMITHSONIAN METEOROLOGICAL TABLES 38 eas 0 In. Hg. 0 0.000 10 295 20 591 30 886 40 1.181 50 1.476 60 WeAZZ 70 2.067 80 2.362 90 2.658 100 2.953 110 3.248 120 3.544 130 3.839 140 4.134 150 4.429 160 4.725 170 5.020 180 5.315 190 5.611 200 5.906 210 6.201 220 6.497 230 6.792 240 7.087 250 7.382 260 7.678 270 7.973 280 8.268 290 8.564 300 8.859 310 9.154 320 9.450 330 9.745 340 10.040 350 10.335 360 10.631 370 10.926 380 11.221 390 11.517 400 11.812 410 12.107 420 12.403 430 12.698 440 12.993 450 13.288 460 13.584 470 13.879 480 14.174 490 14.470 500 14.765 TABLE 10 MILLIBARS TO INCHES OF MERCURY 1 In. Hg. 0.030 325 Proportional parts 1 millibar = 0.02952998 inch of mercury. 2 3 4 5 6 7 In. Hg. In. Hg. In. Hg. Inwiies) Envelos inwbie: 0.059 0.089 0.118 0.148 0.177 0.207 04 ty 2984 +413 443 “A72 + 502 1650) > £679. 7.709 .738 268 1 03797 945 974 = 1.004 1.034 1.063 1.093 1240) 1-270: 1299 1329) 1.3580 1388 1.536") 0:565' 1.595 1.624 1.654 1.683 PSs), 1-860. 1.890 E919 - 1.949) 5 1.979 ZAZH e2lop 2.183 2.215 2.244 2.274 2.421 2.451 2.481 2.510 2.540 2.569 ZAP 2746 2.176 2.805 2.835 2.864 3.012 3.042 3.071 3101, , 3:130 ,..3:160 S307). o-co7, 3.000 3.396 3.425 3.455 3:603 3.632 3.662 S091) psec line S450 SSo0) Goes) 3-907, 3.987 4.016 4.046 4.193 4.223 4.252 4.282 4311 4.341 4.489 4.518 4.548 4.577 4.607 4.636 14.824 14.854 14.883 14.913 14.942 14.972 (continued) mb. .1 Zi Sk cae SOI GORY 7, in. Hg. .003 .006 .009 012 .015 .018 .021 SMITHSONIAN METEOROLOGICAL TABLES TABLE 10 (CONTINUED) MILLIBARS TO INCHES OF MERCURY bars 0 ail In. Hg. In. Hg 500 14.765 14.768 501 14.795 14.797 502 14.824 14.827 503 14.854 14.857 504 14.883 14.886 505 14.913 14.916 506 14.942 14.945 507 14.972 14.975 508 15.001 15.004 509 15.031 15.034 510 15.060 15.063 511 15.090 15.093 512 15.119 15.122 513. 15.149 15.152 514 15.178 15.181 515 15.208 15.211 516 15.237 15.240 517 15.267 15.270 518 15.297 15.299 519 15.326 15.329 520 15.356 15.359 521 15.385 15.388 522 15.415 15.418 523 15.444 15.447 524 15.474 15.477 B25 15.503 15.506 526 15.533 15.536 527 15.562 15.565 528 15.592 15.595 529 15.621 15.624 530 15.651 15.654 531 15.680 15.683 532 15.710 15.713 533 15.739 15.742 534 15.769 15.772 535 15.799 15.801 536 15.828 15.831 537 15.858 15.861 538 15.887 15.890 539 15.917 15.920 540 15.946 15.949 541 15.976 15.979 542 16.005 16.008 543 16.035 16.038 544 16.064 16.067 545 16.094 16.097 546 16.123 16.126 547 16.153 16.156 548 16.182 16.185 549 16.212 16.215 550 16.241 16.244 Proportional parts 1 millibar = 0.02952998 inch of mercury. 2 oO 4 25 6 u/, ain Hot invite in. re: In. Hg. In. Hg. In. Hg. 14.771 14.774 14.777 14.780 14.783 14.786 14.800 14.803 14.806 14.809 14.812 14.815 14.830 14.833 14.836 14.839 14842 14.845 14.859 14.862 14.865 14.868 14.871 14.874 14.889 14.892 14.895 14.898 14.901 14.904 14.919 14.921 14.924 14.927 14.930 14.933 14.948 14.951 14.954 14.957 14.960 14.963 14.978 14.981 14.984 14.986 14.989 14.992 15.007 15.010 15.013 15.016 15.019 15.022 15.037 15.040 15.043 15.046 15.048 15.051 15.066 15.069 15.072 15.075 15.078 15.081 15.096 15.099 15.102 15.105 15.108 15.110 15-1257) 15.1287) 15.138 15.134 15.137 15.140 15.155 15.158 15.161 15.164 15.167 15.170 15.184 15.187 15.190 15.193 15.196 15.199 15:214e* W5:2070" 15.220 15.223 15.226 15.229 15.243 15.246 15.249 W552) © 153255'* 15-258 15.273 15.276 15.279 15.282 15.285 15.288 15.302 15.305 15.308 DSSS T5314 15: S17 15.302) 159335 > 15.338 15.341 15.344 15.347 15.361 15.364 15.367 155370) 15373 - 15:376 15.391 15.394 15.397 15.400 15.403 15.406 15.421 15.424 15.426 15.429 15.432 15.435 15.450 15.453 15.456 15.459 15.462 15.465 15.480 15.483 15.486 15.488 15.491 15.494 15509 7+ 1525124 15.515 1S ei stoete» 124 15.539 15.542 15.545 15.548 15.550 15.553 155568 15:571')' 15.574 15.577." 152580)" 15:58 15.598 15.601 15.604 15.607 15.610 15.613 15.627 15.630 15.633 15.636 15.639 15.642 15.657 15.660 15.663 15.666 15.669 15.672 15.686 15.689 15.692 15.695 15.698 15.701 15E7AGe 15271 ON) 153722 1572505 1597280) 152730 15.745 15.748 15.751 T5754). 15:757. 15:760 15.775 15:778°' 15.781 15.784 15.787 15.790 15.804 15.807 15.810 15.813 15.816 15.819 15.834 15.837 15.840 15.843 15.846 15.849 15.864 15.866 15.869 15.872 15.875 15.878 15.893 15.896 15.899 15.902 15.905 15.908 15.923 15.926 15.928 15.931 15.934 15.937 15.952 15.955 15.958 15.961 15.964 15.967 15.982 15.985 15.988 15.990 15.993 15.996 16.011 16.014 16.017 16.020 16.023 16.026 16.041 16.044 16.047 16.050 16.052 16.055 16.070 16.073 16.076 16.079 16.082 16.085 16.100 16.103 16.106 16.109 16.112 16.115 16.129 16.132 16.135 16.138 16.141 16.144 16.159 16.162 16.165 16.168 16.171 16.174 16.188 16.191 16.194 16.197 16.200 16.203 16.218 16.221 16.224 16.227 16.230 16.233 16.247 16.250 16.253 16.256 16.259 16.262 (continued) mb! 01 2502).7003;0, 0445-05. 06% Ovi in. Hg. .000 .001 .001 .001 .001 .002 .002 SMITHSONIAN METEOROLOGICAL TABLES 39 08 .09 002 .003 40 Milli bars 0 In. Hg. 550 16.241 551 16.271 552 16.301 553 16.330 554 16.360 555 16.389 556 16.419 557 16.448 558 16.478 559 16.507 560 16.537 561 16.566 562 16.596 563 16.625 564 16.655 565 16.684 566 16.714 567 16.743 568 16.773 569 16.803 570 16.832 571 16.862 572 16.891 573 16.921 574 16.950 575 16.980 576 17.009 577 17.039 578 17.068 579 17.098 580 17.127 581 if asy/ 582 17.186 583 17.216 584 17.246 585 17.275 586 17.305 587 17.334 588 17.364 589 17.393 590 17.423 591 17.452 592 17.482 593 eS 504 17.541 595 17.570 596 17.600 597 17.629 598 17.659 599 17.688 600 17.718 TABLE 10 (CONTINUED) MILLIBARS TO INCHES OF MERCURY 1 millibar = 0.02952998 inch of mercury. all In. Hg. 16.244 16.274 16.304 16.333 16.363 16.392 16.422 16.451 16.481 16.510 16.540 16.569 16.599 16.628 16.658 16.687 16.717 16.746 16.776 16.806 16.835 16.865 16.894 16.924 16.953 16.983 17.012 17.042 17.071 17.101 17.130 17.160 17.189 17.219 17.248 17.278 17.308 17.337 17.367 17.396 17.426 17.455 17.485 17.514 17.544 17.573 17.603 17.632 17.662 17.691 17.721 Proportional parts 2 In. Hg. 16.247 16.277 16.306 16.336 16.366 16.395 16.425 16.454 16.484 16.513 16.543 16.572 16.602 16.631 16.661 16.690 16.720 16.749 16.779 16.808 16.838 16.868 16.897 16.927 16.956 16.986 17.015 17.045 17.074 17.104 17.133 17.163 17.192 17222 17.251 17.281 17.310 17.340 17.370 17.399 17.429 ‘3 In. Hg. 16.250 16.280 16.309 16.339 16.368 16.398 16.428 16.457 16.487 16.516 16.546 16.575 16.605 16.634 16.664 16.693 16.723 mb. .01 in. Hg. .000 SMITHSONIAN METEOROLOGICAL TABLES 4 In. Hg. 16.253 16.283 16.312 16.342 16.371 16.401 16.430 16.460 16.490 16.519 16.549 16.578 16.608 16.637 16.667 16.696 16.726 16.755 17.730 (continued) 02/0 4.05 001 .001 aS In. Hg. 16.256 16.286 16.315 16.345 16.374 16.404 16.433 16.463 16.492 16.522 16.552 16.581 16.611 16.640 16.670 16.699 16.729 16.758 16.788 16.817 16.847 16.876 16.906 16.935 16.965 16.995 17.024 17.054 17.083 17.113 17.142 17172 17.201 een 17.260 17.290 17.319 17.349 17.378 17.408 17.437 17.467 17.497 17.526 17.556 17.585 17.615 17.644 17.674 17.703 17.733 04 001 6 In. Hg. 16.259 16.289 16.318 16.348 16.377 16.407 16.436 16.466 16.495 16.525 16.555 16.584 16.614 16.643 16.673 16.702 16.732 16.761 16.791 16.820 16.850 16.879 16.909 16.938 16.968 16.997 17.027 17.057 17.086 17.116 17.145 17.175 17.204 17.234 17.263 17.293 17.322 17.352 17.381 17.411 17.440 17.470 17.499 17.529 17.559 17.588 17.618 17.647 17.677 17.706 17.736 05% ),,06 001 .002 .002 7 In. Hg. 16.262 16.292 16.321 16.351 16.380 16.410 16.439 16.469 16.498 16.528 16.557 16.587 16.617 16.646 16.676 16.705 16.735 16.764 16.794 16.823 16.853 16.882 16.912 16.941 16.971 17.000 17.030 17.059 17.089 17.119 17.148 17.178 17.207 17.237 17.266 17.296 17.325 17.355 17.384 17.414 17.443 17.473 17.502 173532 17.561 17.591 17.621 17.650 17.680 17.709 17.739 07 8 In. Hg. 16.265 16.295 16.324 16.354 16.383 16.413 16.442 16.472 16.501 16.531 16.560 16.590 16.619 16.649 16.679 16.708 16.738 16.767 16.797 16.826 16.856 16.885 16.915 16.944 16.974 17.003 17.033 17.062 17.092 17.121 17.151 17.181 17.210 17.240 17.269 17.299 17.328 17.358 17.387 17.417 17.446 17.476 17.505 17.535 17.564 17.594 17.623 17.653 17.683 17.712 17.742 .08 9 In. Hg. 16.268 16.298 16.327 16.357 16.386 16.416 16.445 16.475 16.504 16.534 16.563 16.593 16.622 16.652 16.681 16.711 16.741 16.770 16.800 16.829 16.859 16.888 16.918 16.947 16.977 17.006 17.036 17.065 17.095 17.124 17.154 17.183 17.213 17.243 17.272 17.302 17.331 17.361 17.390 17.420 17.449 17.479 17.508 17.538 17.567 17.597 17.626 17.656 17.686 17.715 17.745 .09 002 .003 TABLE 10 (CONTINUED) MILLIBARS TO INCHES OF MERCURY 1 millibar = 0.02952998 inch of mercury. In. Hg. In. Hg. 600 17.718 17.721 601 17.748 17.750 602 17.777 17.780 603 17.807 17.810 604 17.836 17.839 605 17.866 17.869 606 17.895 17.898 GOZ, 1 17:925: 17.928 608 17.954 17.957 609 17.984 17.987 610 18.013 18.016 611 18.043 18.046 612 18.072 18.075 613 18.102 18.105 614 =: 18.131 18.134 615 18.161 18.164 616 18.190 18.193 617%. 18.220 18.223 618 18250 18.252 619 18.279 18.282 620 18.309 18.312 621 18.338 18.341 622 18.368 18.371 623. 18.397 18.400 624 18.427 18.430 625 18456 18.459 626 18.486 18.489 627. = 18.515 18.518 628 18.545 18.548 629 18.574 18.577 630 18.604 18.607 631 18.633 18.636 632 18.663 18.666 633 18.692 18.695 634 18.722 18.725 635 18.752 18.754 636 18.781 18.784 637 18.811 18.814 638 18.840 18.843 639 18.870 18.873 640 18.899 18.902 641 18.929 18.932 642 18.958 18.961 643 = 18.988 18.991 644 19.017 19.020 645 19.047 19.050 646 19.076 19.079 647 19.106 19.109 648 19.135 19.138 649 19.165 19.168 650 19.194 19.197 Proportional parts 2 In. Hg. 17.724 17.753 17.783 17.812 17.842 17.872 17.901 17.931 17.960 17.990 18.019 18.049 18.078 18.108 18.137 18.167 18.196 5S) In. Hg. 17.727 17.756 17.786 17.815 17.845 17.874 17.904 17.934 17.963 17.993 18.022 18.052 18.081 18.111 18.140 18.170 18.199 18.229 18.258 18.288 18.317 18.347 18.377 18.406 18.436 18.465 18.495 18.524 18.554 18.583 18.613 18.642 18.672 18.701 18.731 18.760 18.790 18.819 18.849 18.879 18.908 18.938 18.967 18.997 19.026 19.056 19.085 19.115 19.144 19.174 19.203 mb. .01 in. Hg. .000 SMITHSONIAN METEOROLOGICAL TABLES at In. Hg. 17.730 17.759 17.789 17.818 17.848 17.877 17.907 17.937 17.966 17.996 18.025 18.055 18.084 18.114 18.143 18.173 18.202 18.232 18.261 18.291 18.320 18.350 18.379 18.409 18.439 18.468 19.206 (continued) 02 .03 001 .001 nS In. Hg. 17.733 17.762 17.792 17.821 17.851 17.880 17.910 17.939 17.969 17.999 18.028 18.058 18.087 18.117 18.146 18.176 18.205 18.235 18.264 18.294 18.323 18.353 18.382 18.412 18.441 18.471 18.501 18.530 18.560 18.589 18.619 18.648 18.678 18.707 18.737 18.766 18.796 18.825 18.855 18.884 18.914 18.943 18.973 19.003 19.032 19.062 19.091 19.121 19.150 19.180 19.209 04 .001 6 In. Hg. 17.736 17.765 17.795 17.824 17.854 17.883 17.913 05%. 06 .001 | In. Hg. 17.739 17.768 17.798 17.827 17.857 17.886 17.916 17.945 17.975 18.004 18.034 18.063 18.093 18.123 18.152 18.182 18.211 18.241 18.270 18.300 18.329 18.359 18.388 18.418 18.447 18.477 18.506 18.536 18.565 18.595 18.625 18.654 18.684 18.713 18.743 18.772 18.802 18.831 18.861 18.890 18.920 18.949 18.979 19.008 19.038 19.068 19.097 19.127 19.156 19.186 19.215 07 002 .002 8 In. Hg. 17.742 17.771 17.801 17.830 17.860 17.889 17.919 17.948 17.978 18.007 18.037 18.066 18.096 18.126 18.155 18.185 18.214 18.244 18.273 18.303 18.332 18.362 18.391 18.421 18.450 18.480 18.509 18.539 18.568 18.598 18.628 18.657 18.687 18.716 18.746 18.775 18.805 18.834 18.864 18.893 18.923 18.952 18.982 19.011 19.041 19.070 19.100 19.130 19,159 19.189 19.218 41 9 In. Hg. 17.745 17.774 17.804 17.833 17.863 17.892 17.922 17.951 17.981 18.010 18.040 18.069 18.099 18.128 18.158 18.188 18.217 18.247 18.276 18.306 18.335 18.365 18.394 18.424 18.453 18.483 18.512 18.542 18.571 18.601 18.630 18.660 18.690 18.719 18.749 18.778 18.808 18.837 18.867 18.896 18.926 18.955 18.985 19.014 19.044 19.073 19.103 19.132 19.162 19.192 19.221 08 .09 002 .003 42 In. Hg. 19.194 19.224 19.313 19.342 19.372 19.401 19.431 19.460 19.490 19.519 19.549 19.578 19.608 19.637 19.667 19.696 19.726 19.756 19.785 19.815 19.844 19.874 19.903 19.933 19.962 19.992 20.021 20.051 20.080 20.110 20.139 20.169 20.199 20.228 20.258 20.287 20.317 20.346 20.376 20.405 20.435 20.464 20.494 20.523 20.553 20.582 20.612 20.641 20.671 TABLE 10 (CONTINUED) MILLIBARS TO INCHES OF MERCURY 1 millibar = 0.02952998 inch of mercury. In. Hg. 19.197 19.316 19.345 19.375 19.404 19.434 19.463 19.493 19.522 19.552 19.581 19.611 19.640 19.670 19.699 19.729 19.759 19.788 19.818 19.847 19.877 19.906 19.936 19.965 19.995 20.024 20.054 20.083 20.113 20.142 20.172 20.201 20.231 20.261 20.290 20.320 20.349 20.379 20.408 20.438 20.467 20.497 20.526 20.556 20.585 20.615 20.644 20.674 Proportional parts ea, In. Hg. 19.200 19.230 19.259 19.289 19.319 19.348 19.378 19.407 19.437 19.466 19.496 19.525 19.555 19.584 19.614 19.643 19.673 19.702 19.732 19.761 19.791 19.821 19.850 19.880 19.909 19.939 19.968 19.998 20.027 20.057 20.086 20.116 20.145 20.175 20.204 20.234 20.263 20.293 20.323 20.352 20.382 20.411 20.441 20.470 20.500 20.529 20.559 20.588 20.618 20.647 20.677 58) In. Hg. 19.203 19.233 19.262 19.292 19.321 19.351 19.381 19.410 19.440 19.469 19.499 19.528 19.558 19.587 19.617 19.646 19.676 19.705 19.735 19.764 19.794 19.823 19.853 19.883 19.912 19.942 19.971 20.001 20.030 20.060 20.089 20.119 20.148 20.178 20.207 20.237 20.266 20.296 20.325 20.355 20.385 20.414 20.444 20.473 20.503 20.532 20.562 20.591 20.621 20.650 20.680 mb. .01 in. Hg. .000 SMITHSONIAN METEOROLOGICAL TABLES 4 In. Hg. 19.206 20.683 (contimted) 02. .03 001 .001 S In. Hg. 19.209 419.239 19.268 19.298 19.327 19.357 19.386 19.416 19.445 19.475 19.505 19.534 19.564 19.593 19.623 19.652 04 001 6 In. Hg. 19.212 19.242 19.271 05.06 W/ In. Hg. 19.215 19.245 19.274 19.304 19.333 19.363 19.392 19.422 19.451 19.481 19.510 19.540 19.570 19.599 19.629 19.658 19.688 19.717 19.747 19.776 19.806 19.835 19.865 19.894 19.924 19.953 19.983 20.012 20.042 20.072 20.101 20.131 20.160 20.190 20.219 20.249 20.278 20.308 20.337 20.367 20.396 20.426 20.455 20.485 20.514 20.544 20.574 20.603 20.633 20.662 20.692 07 001 .002 .002 8 In. Hg. 19.218 19.248 19.277 19.307 19.336 19.366 19.395 19.425 19.454 19.484 19.513 19.543 19.572 19.602 19.632 19.661 19.691 19.720 19.750 19.779 19.809 19.838 19.868 19.897 19.927 19.956 19.986 20.015 20.045 20.074 20.104 20.134 20.163 20.193 20.222 20.252 20.281 20.311 20.340 20.370 20.399 20.429 20.458 20.488 20.517 20.547 20.576 20.606 20.636 20.665 20.695 29 In. Hg. 19.221 19.251 19.280 19.310 19.339 19.369 19.398 19.428 19.457 19.487 19.516 19.546 19.575 19.605 19.634 19.664 19.694 19.723 19.753 19.782 19.812 19.841 19.871 19.900 19.930 19.959 19.989 20.018 20.048 20.077 20.107 20.136 20.166 20.196 20.225 20.255 20.284 20.314 20.343 20.373 20.402 20.432 20.461 20.491 20.520 20.550 20.579 20.609 20.639 20.668 20.698 08 .09 002 .003 bars 0 In. Hg. 700 20.671 701 20.701 702 20.730 703 20.760 704 =. 20.789 705 20.819 706 20.848 707 20.878 708 20.907 709 20.937 710 20.966 711 20.996 712 21.025 713 21.055 714 21.084 715 21.114 716 21.143 717 PANE: 718 21.203 719 21232 720 21.262 721 21.291 722 21.321 723 21.350 724 21.380 725 21.409 726 21.439 727 21.468 728 21.498 729 21.527 730 21.557 731 21.586 732 21.616 733 21.645 734 21.675 735 21.705 736 21.734 737 21.764 738 21.793 739 21.823 740 21.852 741 21.882 742 21.911 743 21.941 744 ~=—21.970 745 22.000 746 22.029 747 =. 22.059 748 22.088 749 22.118 750: 22,147 TABLE 10 (CONTINUED) MILLIBARS TO INCHES OF MERCURY 1 millibar = 0.02952998 inch of mercury. all In. Hg. 20.674 20.703 20.733 20.763 20.792 20.822 20.851 20.881 20.910 20.940 20.969 20.999 21.028 21.058 21.087 21.117 21.146 21.176 21.205 21235 21.265 21.294 21.324 21.353 21.383 21.412 21.442 21.471 21.501 21.530 21.560 21.589 21.619 21.648 21.678 21.707 21.737 21.767 21.796 21.826 21.855 21.885 21.914 21.944 21.973 22.003 22.032 22.062 22.091 22.421 22.150 Proportional parts LA In. Hg. 20.677 20.706 20.736 20.765 20.795 20.825 20.854 20.884 20.913 20.943 20.972 21.002 21.031 21.061 21.090 21.120 21.149 21.179 21.208 21.238 21.267 2297 2 327 21.356 21.386 21.415 21.445 21.474 21.504 21.533 21.563 21.592 21.622 21.651 21.681 21.710 21.740 21.770 21.799 21.829 21.858 21.888 21.917 21.947 21.976 22.006 22.035 22.065 22.094 22.124 22.153 3} In. Hg. 20.680 20.709 20.739 20.768 20.798 20.827 20.857 20.887 20.916 20.946 20.975 21.005 21.034 21.064 21.093 21.123 Zu OZ 21.182 rAWA LI 21.241 21.270 21.300 21.330 21.359 21.389 21.418 21.448 21.477 21.507 21.536 21.566 21.595 21.625 21.654 21.684 21.713 21.743 21.772 21.802 21.832 21.861 21.891 21.920 21.950 21.979 22.009 22.038 22.068 22.097 22.127 22.156 mb. .01 in. Hg. .000 SMITHSONIAN METEOROLOGICAL TABLES A In. Hg. 20.683 22.159 (continued) 02 .03 001 .001 5 In. Hg. 20.686 20.715 20.745 20.774 20.804 20.833 20.863 20.892 20.922 20.952 20.981 21.011 21.040 21.070 21.099 21.129 21.158 21.188 21.217 21.247 21.276 21.306 21.335 21.365 21.394 21.424 21.454 21.483 21.513 21.542 21-572 21.601 21.631 21.660 21.690 21.719 21.749 21.778 21.808 21.837 21.867 21.896 21.926 21.956 21.985 22.015 22.044 22.074 22.103 22.133 22.162 04 001 6 In. Hg. 20.689 20.718 20.748 20.777 20.807 20.836 20.866 20.895 20.925 20.954 20.984 21.014 21.043 21.073 21.102 21.132 21.161 21.191 21.220 21.250 21.279 21.309 21.338 21.368 21.397 21.427 21.456 21.486 21.516 21.545 21575 21.604 21.634 21.663 21.693 21.722 21.752 21.781 21.811 21.840 21.870 21.899 21.929 21.958 21.988 22.018 22.047 22.077 22.106 22.136 22.165 05) 06 001 .002 .002 yi In. Hg. 20.692 20.721 20.751 20.780 20.810 20.839 20.869 20.898 20.928 20.957 20.987 21.016 21.046 21.076 21.105 21.135 21.164 21.194 24225 21.253 21.282 21.312 21.341 21.371 21.400 21.430 21.459 21.489 21.518 21.548 21.578 21.607 21.637 21.666 21.696 21.725 21.755 21.784 21.814 21.843 21.873 21.902 21.932 21.961 21.991 22.021 22.050 22.080 22.109 22.139 22.168 07 8 In. Hg. 20.695 20.724 20.754 20.783 20.813 20.842 20.872 20.901 20.931 20.960 20.990 21.019 21.049 21.078 21.108 21.138 21.167 21.197 21.226 21.256 21.285 21.315 21.344 21.374 21.403 21.433 21.462 21.492 21.521 21.551 21.581 21.610 21.640 21.669 21.699 21.728 21.758 21.787 21.817 21.846 21.876 21.905 21.935 21.964 21.994 22.023 22.053 22.083 22.092 22.142 22.171 .08 43 9 In. Hg. 20.698 20.727 20.757 20.786 20.816 20.845 20.875 20.904 20.934 20.963 20.993 21.022 21.052 21.081 PAB EE 21.141 21.170 21.200 21.229 21.259 21.288 21.318 21.347 21.377 21.406 21.436 21.465 21.495 21.524 21.554 21.583 21.613 21.643 21.672 21.702 21.731 21.761 21.790 21.820 21.849 21.879 21.908 21.938 21.967 21.997 22.026 22.056 22.085 22.115 22.145 22.174 .09 002 .003 44 In. Hg. 22.147 22MAL 22.207 22.236 22.266 22.295 22.325 22.354 22.384 22.413 22.443 22.472 22.502 22.531 22.561 22.590 22.620 22.649 22.679 22.709 22.738 22.768 22.497 22.827 22.856 22.886 22.915 22.945 22.974 23.004 23.033 23.063 23.092 23.122 23.152 23.181 Zo201 23.240 23.270 © 23.299 23.329 23.358 23.388 23.417 23.447 23.476 23.506 23.535 23.565 23.594 23.624 TABLE 10 (CONTINUED) MILLIBARS TO INCHES OF MERCURY 1 millibar = 0.02952998 inch of mercury. Proportional parts eZ In. Hg. 22153 3 In. Hg. 22.156 22.186 22.215 22.245 22.274 22.304 22.334 22.363 22.393 22.422 22.452 22.481 2Zo11 22.540 22.570 22.599 22.629 22.658 22.688 22.717 22.747 22.776 22.806 22.836 22.865 22.895 22.924 22.954 22.983 23.013 23.042 23.072 23.101 23.131 23.160 23.190 23.219 23.249 23.278 23.308 23.338 23.367 23.397 23.426 23.456 23.485 23.515 23.544 23.574 23.603 23.633 mb. .01 in. Hg. .000 SMITHSONIAN METEOROLOGICAL TABLES 4 In. Hg. 22.159 22.189 23.636 (continued) 02 03 001 .001 4) In. Hg. 22.162 22.192 22.221 22.251 22.280 22.310 22.339 22.369 22.398 22.428 22.458 22.487 22.517 22.546 22.576 22.605 22.635 22.664 22.694 22.723 22.753 22.782 22.812 22.841 22.871 22.900 22.930 22.960 22.989 23.019 23.048 23.078 23.107 23.137 23.166 23.196 23.225 23.255 23.284 23.314 23.343 23.373 23.403 23.432 23.462 23.491 23.521 23.550 23.580 23.609 23.639 04 001 6 In. Hg. 22.165 22.195 (05) ....06 a7, In. Hg. 22.168 22.198 22.227 22257 22.286 22.316 22.345 22.375 22.404 22.434 22.463 22.493 22.523 22.552 22.582 22.611 22.641 22.670 22.700 22.729 22.759 22.788 22.818 22.847 22.877 22.906 22.936 22.965 22.995 23.025 23.054 23.084 23.113 23.143 23.172 23.202 23.231 23.261 23.290 23.320 23.349 23.379 23.408 23.438 23.467 23.497 23.527 23.556 23.586 23.615 23.645 07 001 .002 .002 8 In. Hg. 22.171 22.201 22.230 22.260 22.289 22.319 22.348 22.378 22.407 22.437 22.466 22.496 22.525 22.555 22.585 22.614 22.644 22.673 22.703 22.732 22.762 22.791 22.821 22.850 22.880 22.909 22.939 22.968 22.998 23.027 23.057 23.087 23.116 23.146 25075 23.205 23.234 23.264 23.293 23.323 23.392 23.382 23.411 23.441 23.470 23.500 23.529 23.559 23.589 23.618 23.648 9 In. Hg. 22.174 22.204 22.233 22.263 22.292 22.322 22.351 22.381 22.410 22.440 22.469 22.499 22.528 22.558 22.587 22.617 22.647 22.676 22.706 22.735 22.765 22.794 22.824 22.853 22.883 22.912 22.942 22.971 23.001 23.030 23.060 23.089 23.119 23.149 23.178 23.208 23.237 23.267 23.296 23.326 23.309 23.385 23.414 23.444 23.473 23.503 23.932 23.562 23.592 23.621 23.651 08 .09 002 .003 Milli bars 0 In. Hg. 800 23.624 801 23.654 802 23.683 803 23.713 804 23.742 805 23.772 806 23.801 807 23.831 808 23.860 809 23.890 810 23.919 811 23.949 812 23.978 813 24.008 814 24.037 815 24.067 816 24.096 817 24.126 818 24.156 819 24.185 820 24.215 821 24.244 822 24.274 823 24.303 824 24.333 825 24.362 826 24.392 827 24.421 828 24.451 829 24.480 830 24.510 831 24.539 832 24.569 833 24.598 834 24.628 835 24.658 836 24.687 837 24.717 838 24.746 839 24.776 840 24.805 841 24.835 842 24.864 843 24.894 844 24.923 845 24.953 846 24.982 847 25.012 848 25.041 849 25.071 850 25.100 oll In. Hg. 23.627 23.656 23.686 23.716 23.745 23.775 23.804 23.834 23.863 23.893 23.922 23.952 23.981 24.011 24.040 24.070 24.099 24.129 24.158 24.188 24.218 24.247 24.277 24.306 24.336 24.365 24.395 24.424 24.454 24.483 24.513 24.542 24.572 24.601 24.631 24.660 24.690 24.720 24.749 24.779 24.808 24.838 24.867 24.897 24.926 24.956 24.985 25.015 25.044 25.074 25.103 Proportional parts 2 In. Hg. 23.630 23.659 23.689 23.718 23.748 23.778 23.807 23.837 23.866 23.896 23.925 23.955 23.984 24.014 24.043 24.073 24.102 24.132 24.161 24.191 24.220 24.250 24.280 24.309 24.339 24.368 24.398 24.427 24.457 24.486 24.516 24.545 24.575 24.604 24.634 24.663 24.693 24.722 24.752 24.782 24.811 24.841 24.870 24.900 24.929 24.959 24.988 25.018 25.047 25.077 25.106 TABLE 10 (CONTINUED) MILLIBARS TO INCHES OF MERCURY 1 millibar = 0.02952998 inch of mercury. a3, In. Hg. 23.633 23.662 23.692 23.721 23751 23.780 23.810 23.840 23.869 23.899 23.928 23.958 23.987 24.017 24.046 24.076 24.105 24.135 24.164 24.194 24.223 24.253 24.283 24.312 24.342 24.371 24.401 24.430 24.460 24.489 24.519 24.548 24.578 24.607 24.637 24.666 24.696 24.725 24.755 24.785 24.814 24.844 24.873 24.903 24.932 24.962 24.991 25.021 25.050 25.080 25.109 mb. .01 in. Hg. .000 SMITHSONIAN METEOROLOGICAL TABLES 4 In. Hg. 23.636 23.665 23.695 23.724 23.754 23.783 23.813 23.843 23.872 23.902 23.931 23.961 23.990 24.020 24.049 24.079 24.108 24.138 24.167 24.197 24.226 24.256 24.285 24.315 24.345 24.374 24.404 24.433 24.463 24.492 24.522 24.551 24.581 24.610 24.640 24.669 24.699 24.728 24.758 24.787 24.817 24.847 24.876 24.906 24.935 24.965 24.994 25.024 25.053 25.083 Z2oni2 (continued) 2, 03 001 .001 B5 In. Hg. 23.639 23.668 23.698 23.727 23.757 23.786 23.816 23.845 23.875 23.905 23.934 23.964 23.993 24.023 24.052 24.082 24.111 24.141 24.170 24.200 24.229 24.259 24.288 24.318 24.347 24.377 24.407 24.436 24.466 24.495 24.525 24.554 24.584 24.613 24.643 24.672 24.702 24.731 24.761 24.790 24.820 24.849 24.879 24.909 24.938 24.968 24.997 25.027 25.056 25.086 259115 04 .001 6 In. Hg. 23.642 23.671 23.701 23.730 23.760 23.789 23.819 23.848 23.878 23.907 23.937 23.967 23.996 24.026 24.055 24.085 24.114 24.144 24.173 24.203 24.232 24.262 24.291 24.321 24.350 24.380 24.409 24.439 24.469 24.498 24.528 24.557 24.587 24.616 24.646 24.675 24.705 24.734 24.764 24.793 24.823 24.852 24.882 24.911 24.941 24.971 25.000 25.030 25.059 25.089 25.118 05.06 001 .002 .002 7 In. Hg. 23.645 23.674 23.704 23.1a3 23.763 23.792 23.822 23.851 23.881 23.910 23.940 23.969 23.999 24.029 24.058 24.088 24.117 24.147 24.176 24.206 24.235 24.265 24.294 24.324 24.353 24.383 24.412 24.442 24.471 24.501 24.531 24.560 24.590 24.619 24.649 24.678 24.708 24.737 24.767 24.796 24.826 24.855 24.885 24.914 24.944 24.974 25.003 25.033 25.062 25.092 25.121 07 8 In. Hg, 23.648 23.677 23.707 23.736 23.766 23.795 23.825 23.854 23.884 23.913 23.943 23.972 24.002 24.031 24.061 24.091 24.120 24.150 24.179 24.209 24.238 24.268 24.297 24.327 24.356 24.386 24.415 24.445 24.474 24.504 24.534 24.563 24.593 24.622 24.652 24.681 24.711 24.740 24.770 24.799 24.829 24.858 24.888 24.917 24.947 24.976 25.006 25.036 25.065 25.095 25.124 .08 45 9 In. Hg. 23.651 23.680 23.710 23.739 23.769 23.798 23.828 23.857 23.887 23.916 23.946 23.975 24.005 24.034 24.064 24.094 24.123 24.153 24.182 24.212 24.241 24.271 24.300 24.330 24.359 24.389 24.418 24.448 24.477 24.507 24.536 24.566 24.596 24.625 24.655 24.684 24.714 24.743 24.773 24.802 24.832 24.861 24.891 24.920 24.950 24.979 25.009 25.038 25.068 25,098 2527 09 002 .003 46 In. Hg. In. Hg. 25.100 25.103 25.219 25.222 25.248 25.251 25.307 25.310 25.337 25.340 25.366 25.369 25.396 25.399 25.425 25.428 25.455 25.458 25.484 25.487 25.014 25.017 25.543 25.546. 25.973 25.070 25.602 25.605 25.632 25.635 25.662 25.665 25.691 25.694 25.721 25.724 25.750 25.753 25.780 25.783 25.809 25.812 25.839 25.842 25.868 25.871 25.898 25.901 25.927 25.930 25.957 25.960 25.986 25.989 26.016 26.019 26.045 26.048 26.075 26.078 26.105 26.107 26.134 26.137 26.164 26.167 26.193 26.196 26.223 26.226 26.252 26.255 26.282 26.285 26.311 26.314 26.341 26.344 26.370 26.373 26.400 26.403 26.429 26.432 26.459 26.462 26.488 26.491 26.518 26.521 26.547 26.550 26.577 26.580 Proportional parts 74 In. Hg. 25.106 25.136 25.165 25.195 25.225 25.254 25.284 25.313 25.343 25.372 25.402 25.431 25.461 25.490 25.520 25.549 29.979 25.608 25.638 25.667 25.697 25.727 25.756 25.786 25.815 25.845 25.874 25.904 25.933 25.963 25.992 26.022 26.051 26.081 26.110 26.140 26.169 26.199 26.229 26.258 26.288 26.317 26.347 26.376 26.406 26.435 26.465 26.494 26.524 26.553 26.583 mb. TABLE 10 (CONTINUED) MILLIBARS TO INCHES OF MERCURY 1 millibar = 0.02952998 inch of mercury. Ss} In. Hg. 25.109 25.139 25.168 25.198 25.227 29.297 25.287 25.316 25.346 25.375 25.405 25.434 25.464 25.493 25.523 251552 25.582 25.611 25.641 25.670 25.700 25.729 25.759 25.789 25.818 25.848 25.877 25.907 25.936 25.966 25.995 26.025 26.054 26.084 26.113 26.143 26.172 26.202 26.231 26.261 26.291 26.320 26.350 26.379 26.409 26.438 26.468 26.497 -26.527 26.556 26.586 01 in. Hg. .000 SMITHSONIAN METEOROLOGICAL TABLES A In. Hg. 25.112 25.142 25.171 25.201 25.230 25.260 25.289 25.319 25.349 25.378 25.408 25.437 25.467 25.496 26.589 (continued) 02 .03 001 .001 5 6 In. Hg. In. Hg. 25.115 425548 25.145 25.148 25.174 2SAG7 25.204 25.207 25.233 25:236 25.263 25.266 29.292 25.295 25.322 29.025 25.351 25.354 25.381 25.384 25.411 25.414 25.440 25.443 25.470 25.473 25.499 25.502 25.929 29.932 25.598 25.561 25.988 25.591 25.617 25.620 25.647 25.650 25.676 25.679 25.706 25.709 251739. 29;/38 25.765 25.768 25.794 25.797 25.824 25.827 25.853 25.856 25.883 25.886 25.913 25.916 25.942 25.945 25.972 25.975 26.001 26.004 26.031 26.034 26.060 26.063 26.090 26.093 26.119 26.122 26.149 26.152 26.178 26.181 26.208 26.211 26.237 26.240 26.267 26.270 26.296 26.299 26.326 26.329 26.356 26.358 26.385 26.388 26.415 26.418 26.444 26.447 26.474 26.477 26.503, 26.506 26.533 26.536 26.562 26.565 26.592 26.595 04 05 .06 | In. Hg. 25.121 Zo.151 25.180 25.210 25.239 25.269 25.298 25.328 29.307 25.387 25.416 25.446 25.476 25.505 25.535 25.564 25.594 25.623 25.653 25.682 25.712 25.741 25.771 25.800 25.830 25.859 25.889 25.918 25.948 25.978 26.007 26.037 26.066 26.096 26.125 26.155 26.184 26.214 26.243 26.273 26.302 26.332 26.361 26.391 26.420 26.450 26.480 26.509 26.539 26.568 26.598 07 001 .001 .002 .002 8 In. Hg. 25.124 25.154 25.183 25.213 25.242 25.272 25.301 25.331 25.360 25.390 25.419 25.449 25.478 25.508 25.538 25.567 25.597 25.626 25.656 25.685 25:715 25.744 25.774 25.803 25.833 25.862 25.892 25.921 25.951 25.980 26.010 26.040 26.069 26.099 26.128 26.158 26.187 26.217 26.246 26.276 26.305 26.335 26.364 26.394 26.423 26.453 26.482 26.512 26.542 26.571 26.601 .08 9 In. Hg. 25.127 25.157 25.186 25.216 25.245 25.275 25.304 25.334 25.363 25.393 25.422 25.452 25.481 yaoi il 25.540 25.570 25.600 25.629 25.659 25.688 25.718 25.747 25.777 25.806 25.836 25.865 25.895 25.924 25.954 25.983 26.013 26.042 26.072 26.102 26.131 26.161 26.190 26.220 26.249 26.279 26.308 26.338 26.367 26.397 26.426 26.456 26.485 26.515 26.544 26.574 26.604 .09 002 .003 TABLE 10 (CONTINUED) MILLIBARS TO INCHES OF MERCURY 1 millibar = 0.02952998 inch of mercury. bars 0 al fe 3 In. Hg. In. Hg. In. Hg. In. Hg. 900 26.577 26.580 26.583 26.586 901 26.607 26.609 26.612 26.615 902 26.636 26.639 26.642 26.645 903 26.666 26.669 26.671 26.674 904 26.695 26.698 26.701 26.704 905 26.725 26.728 26.731 26.733 906 26.754 26.757 26.760 26.763 907 26.784 26.787 26.790 26.793 908 26.813 26.816 26.819 26.822 909 26.843 26.846 26.849 26.852 910 26.872 26.875 26.878 26.881 911 26.902 26.905 26.908 26.911 912 26.931 26.934 26.937 26.940 913 26.961 26.964 26.967 26.970 914 26.990 26.993 26.996 26.999 915 27.020 27.023 27.026 27.029 916 27.049 27.052 27.055 27.058 917 27.079 27.082 27.085 27.088 918 27.109 27.111 27.114 27.117 919 27.138 27.141 27.144 27.147 920 BANOS MQLAZS27AT3 27476 921 27.197 27.200 27.203 27.206 922 27.227 27.230 27.233 27.236 923 27.256 27.259 27.262 27.265 924 27.286 27.289 27.292 27.295 925 27.315 27.318 27.321 27.324 926 27.345 27.348 27.351 27.354 927 27.374 27.377 27.380 27.383 928 27.404 27.407 27.410 27.413 929 27.433 27.436 27.439 27.442 930 27.463 27.466 27.469 27.472 931 27.492 27.495 27.498 27.501 932 Poi PALSY OS) PNAS AIIM 933 27551 927554 4327-557 — (27.560 934 27.581 27.584 27.587 27.590 935 27.611 27.613 27.616 27.619 936 27.640 27.643 27.646 27.649 937 27.670 27.673 27.675 27.678 938 27.699 27.702 27.705 27.708 939 27.729 27.732: 27.735 27.738 940 27.758 27.761 27.764 27.767 941 27.788 27.791 27.794 27.797 942 27.817 27.820 27.823 27.826 943 27.847 27.850 27.853 27.856 944 27.876 27.879 27.882 27.885 945 27.906 27.909 27.912 27.915 946 27.935 27.938 27.941 27.944 947 27.965 27.968 27.971 27.974 948 27.994 27.997 28.000 28.003 949 28.024 28.027 28.030 28.033 950 28.053 28.056 28.059 28.062 Proportional parts a 8 ae SMITHSONIAN METEOROLOGICAL TABLES 4 5 In. Hg. In. Hg. 26.589 26.592 26.618 26.621 26.648 26.651 26.677 26.680 26.707 26.710 26.736 26.739 26.766 26.769 26.796 26.798 26.825 26.828 26.855 26.858 26.884 26.887 26.914 26.917 26.943 26.946 26.973 26.976 27.002 27.005 27.032 27.035 27.061 27.064 27.091 27.094 27.120 27.123 27.150 27.153 27.179 27.182 27.209 27.212 27.238 27.241 27.268 27.271 27.298 27.300 27.327 27.330 PALSY) 27.360 27.386 27.389 27.416 27.419 27.445 27.448 27.475 27.478 27.504 27.507 27.534 27.537 27.563 27.566 27.593 27.596 27.622 27.625 27.652 27.655 27.681 27.684 27711 27.714 27.740 27.743 27.770 27.773 27.800 27.802 27.829 27.832 27.859 27.862 27.888 27.891 27.918 27.921 27.947 27.950 27.977 27.980 28.006 28.009 28.036 28.039 28.065 28.068 (continued) 02 03 .04 001 .001 .001 6 In. Hg. 26.595 26.624 26.654 26.683 26.713 26.742 26.772 26.801 26.831 26.860 26.890 26.920 26.949 26.979 27.008 27.038 27.067 27.097 27.126 27.156 27.185 27.215 27.244 27.274 27.303 27.333 27.362 27.392 27.422 27.451 27.481 27.510 27.540 27.569 27599 27.628 27.658 27.687 27.717 27.746 27.776 27.805 27.835 27.864 27.894 27.924 27.953 27.983 28.012 28.042 28.071 05 06 001 .002 .002 ff In. Hg. 26.598 26.627 26.657 26.686 26.716 26.745 26.775 26.804 26.834 26.863 26.893 26.922 26.952 26.982 27.011 27.041 27.070 27.100 27.129 27.159 27.188 27.218 27.247 —A PAM 27.306 27.336 27.365 27.395 27.424 27.454 27.484 27.513 27.543 27.572 27.602 27.631 27.661 27.690 27.720 27.749 27.779 27.808 27.838 27.867 27.897 27.927 27.956 27.986 28.015 28.045 28.074 07 8 In. Hg. 26.601 26.630 26.660 26.689 26.719 26.748 26.778 26.807 26.837 26.866 26.896 26.925 26.955 26.984 27.014 27.044 27.073 27.103 27.132 27.162 27.191 2022) 27.250 27.280 27.309 27.339 27.368 27.398 27.427 27.457 27.487 27.516 27.546 27.575 27.605 27.634 27.664 27.693 2123 27.752 27.782 27.811 27.841 27.870 27.900 27.929 27.959 27.989 28.018 28.048 28.077 .08 47 9 In. Hg. 26.604 26.633 26.663 26.692 26.722 26.751 26.781 26.810 26.840 26.869 26.899 26.928 26.958 26.987 27.017 27.047 27.076 27.106 27-135 27.165 27.194 27.224 27.253 27.283 272312 27.342 27.371 27.401 27.430 27.460 27.489 27.519 27.549 27.578 27.608 27.637 27.667 27.696 27.726 27.755 27.785 27.814 27.844 27.873 27.903 27.932 27.962 27.991 28.021 28.051 28.080 .09 002 .003 48 Milli pce 0 In. Hg. 950 28.053 951 28.083 952 28.113 953 28.142 954 28.172 955 28.201 956 28.231 957 28.260 958 28.290 959 28.319 960 28.349 961 28.378 962 28.408 963 28.437 964 28.467 965 28.496 966 28.526 967 28.555 968 28.585 969 28.615 970 28.644 971 28.674 972 28.703 973 28.733 974 28.762 975 28.792 976 28.821 977 28.851 978 28.880 979 28.910 980 28.939 981 28.969 982 28.998 983 29.028 984 29.058 985 29.087 986 29.117 987 29.146 988 29.176 989 29.205 990 29.235 991 29.264 992 29.294 993 29.323 994 29.353 995 29.382 996 29.412 997 29.441 998 29.471 999 29.500 1000 29.530 TABLE 10 (CONTINUED) MILLIBARS TO INCHES OF MERCURY 1 millibar = 0.02952998 inch of mercury. alt In. Hg. 28.056 28.086 28.115 28.145 28.175 28.204 28.234 28.263 28.293 28.322 28.352 28.381 28.411 28.440 28.470 28.499 28.529 28.558 28.588 28.618 28.647 28.677 28.706 28.736 28.765 28.795 28.824 28.854 28.883 28.913 28.942 28.972 29.001 29.031 29.060 29.090 29.120 29.149 29.179 29.208 29.238 29.267 29.297 29.326 29.356 29.385 29.415 29.444 29.474 29.503 29.533 Proportional parts L In. Hg. 28.059 28.089 28.118 28.148 28.178 28.207 28.237 28.266 28.296 28.325 28.355 28.384 28.414 28.443 28.473 28.502 28.532 28.561 28.591 28.620 28.650 28.680 28.709 28.739 28.768 28.798 28.827 28.857 28.886 28.916 28.945 28.975 29.004 29.034 29.063 29.093 29.122 29.152 29.182 29.211 29.241 29.270 29.300 29°329 29.359 29.388 29.418 29.447 29.477 29.506 29.536 <) In. Hg. 28.062 28.092 28.121 28.151 28.180 28.210 28.240 28.269 28.299 28.328 28.358 28.387 28.417 28.446 28.476 28.505 28.535 28.564 28.594 28.623 28.653 28.682 28.712 28.742 28.771 28.801 28.830 28.860 28.889 28.919 28.948 28.978 29.007 29.037 29.066 29.096 29.125 29.155 29.184 29.214 29.244 29.273 29.303 29.332 29.362 29.391 29.421 29.450 29.480 29.509 29.539 mb. .01 in. Hg. .000 SMITHSONIAN METEOROLOGICAL TABLES 4 In. Hg. 28.065 28.095 28.124 28.154 28.183 28.213 28.242 28.272 28.302 28.331 28.361 28.390 28.420 28.449 28.479 28.508 28.538 28.567 28.597 28.626 28.656 28.685 28.715 28.744 28.774 28.804 28.833 28.863 28.892 28.922 28.951 28.981 29.010 29.040 29.069 29.099 29.128 29.158 29.187 29.217 29.246 29.276 29.306 29.335 29.365 29.394 29.424 29.453 29.483 29.512 29.542 (continued) 02 03 001 .001 5 In. Hg. 28.068 28.098 28.127 28.157 28.186 28.216 28.245 28.275 28.304 28.334 28.364 28.393 28.423 28.452 28.482 28.511 28.541 28.570 28.600 28.629 28.659 28.688 28.718 28.747 28.777 28.806 28.836 28.866 28.895 28.925 28.954 28.984 29.013 29.043 29.072 29.102 29.131 29.161 29.190 29.220 29.249 29.279 29.309 29.338 29.368 29.397 29.427 29.456 29.486 29.515 29.545 04 .001 6 P| Inve genes. 28.071 28.074 28.101 28.104 28.130 28.133 28.160 28.163 28.189 28.192 28.219 28.222 28.248 28.251 28.278 28.281 28.307 28.310 28.337 28.340 28.366 28.369 28.396 28.399 28.426 28.429 28.455 28.458 28.485 28.488 28.514 28.517 28.544 28.547 28.573 28.576 28.603 28.606 28.632 28.635 28.662 28.665 28.691 28.694 28.721 28.724 28.750 28.753 28.780 28.783 28.809 28.812 28.839 28.842 28.869 28.871 28.898 28.901 28.928 28.931 28.957 28.960 28.987 28.990 29.016 29.019 29.046 29.049 29.075 29.078 29.105 29.108 29.134 29.137 29.164 29.167 29.193 29.196 29.223 29.226 29.252 29.255 29.282 29.285 29.311 29.314 29.341 29.344 29.87 29373 29.400 29.403 29.430 29.433 29.459 29.462 29.489 29.492 29.518 29.521 29.548 29.551 105) 064.5, 07 001 .002 .002 TABLE 10 (CONTINUED) MILLIBARS TO INCHES OF MERCURY 1 millibar = 0.02952998 inch of mercury. Pe he ay 2 @ as) sh eee ay In. Hg. In. Hg. In. Hg. In. Hg. In. Hg. In. Hg. In. Hg. In. Hg. 1000 =. 29.530 29.533 29.536 29.539 29.542 29.545 29.548 29.551 1001 29.560 29.562 29.565 29.568 29.571 29.574 29.577 29.580 1002 29,589 29.592 29.595 29.598 29.601 29.604 29.607 29.610 1003 29.619 29.622 29.624 29.627 29.630 29.633 29.636 29.639 1004 =. 29.648 29.651 29.654 29.657 29.660 29.663 29.666 29.669 1005 29.678 29.681 29.684 29.686 29.689 29.692 29.695 29.698 1006 §=. 29.707 29.710 29.713 29.716 29.719 29.722 29.725 29.728 1007 =. 29.737 29.740 29.743 29.746 29.749 29.751 29.754 29.757 1008 29.766 29.769 29.772 29.775 29.778 29.781 29.784 29.787 1009 29.796 29.799 29.802 29.805 29.808 29.811" 29.813. 29.816 1010 29.825 29.828 29.831 29.834 29.837 29.840 29.843 29.846 1011 29.855 29.858 29.861 29.864 29.867 29.870 29.873 29.875 1012 = 29.884 29.887 29.890 29.893 29.896 29.899 29.902 29.905 1013. 29.914 29.917 29.920 29.923 29.926 29.929 29.932 29.935 1014. + 29.943 29.946 29.949 29.952 29.955 29.958 29.961 29.964 1015 29.973 29.976 29.979 29.982 29.985 29.988 29.991 29.994 1016 =. 30.002. 30.005 30.008 30.011 30.014 30.017 30.020 30.023 1017 = 30.032 30.035 30.038 30.041 30.044 30.047 30.050 30.053 1018 30.062 30.064 30.067 30.070 30.073 30.076 30.079 30.082 1019 = 30.091 30.094 30.097 30.100 30.103 30.106 30.109 30.112 1020 = 30.121 30.124 30.126 30.129 30.132 30.135 30.138 30.141 1021 = 30.150 30.153 30.156 30.159 30.162 30.165 30.168 30.171 1022 30.180 30.183 30.186 30.188 30.191 30.194 30.197 30.200 1023 = 30.209» 30.212 30.215 30.218 30.221 30.224 30.227 30.230 1024 30.239 30.242 30.245 30.248 30.251 30.253 30.256 30.259 1025 30.268 30.271 30.274 30.277 30.280 30.283 30.286 30.289 1026 30.298 30.301 30.304 30.307 30.310 30.313 30.315 30.318 1027 30.327 30.330 30.333 30.336 30.339 30.342 30.345 30.348 1028 = =30.357 30.360 30.363 30.366 30.369 30.372 30.375 30.377 1029 =. 30.386) 30.389 §=30.392 30.395 30.398 30.401 30.404 30.407 1030 30.416 30.419 30.422 30.425 30.428 30.431 30.434 30.437 1031 30.445 30.448 30.451 30.454 30.457 30.460 30.463 30.466 1032 30.475 30.478 30.481 30.484 30.487 30.490 30.493 30.496 1033 = 30.504 30.507 30.510 30.513 30.516 30.519 30.522 30.525 1034 = 30.534 30.537 30.540 30.543 30.546 30.549 30.552 30.555 1035 30.564 30.566 30.569 30.572 30.575 30.578 30.581 30.584 1036 =. 30.593. 30.596 = 30.599 30.602 30.605 30.608 30.611 30.614 1037 = 30.623 30.626 30.628 30.631 30.634 30.637 30.640 30.643 1038 30.652 30.655 30.658 30.661 30.664 30.667 30.670 30.673 1039 = 30.682 30.685 30.688 30.691 30.693 30.696 30.699 30.702 1040 = 30.711 30.714 30.717 30.720 30.723 30.726 30.729 30.732 1041 = 30.741 30.744 930.747 30.750 30.753 30.755 30.758 30.761 1042) =. 30.770 30.773 30.776 30.779 30.782 30.785 30.788 30.791 1043 = 30.800 30.803 30.806 30.809 30.812 30.815 30.817 30.820 1044 30.829 30.832 30.835 30.838 30.841 30.844 30.847 30.850 1045 30.859 30.862 30.865 30.868 30.871 30.874 30.877 30.880 1046 =: 30.888 30.891 30.894 30.897 30.900 30.903 30.906 30.909 1047 = 30.918 30.921 30.924 30.927 30.930 30.933 30.936 30.939 1048 = 30.947 30.950 30.953 30.956 30.959 30.962 30.965 30.968 1049 30.977 30.980 30.983 30.986 30.989 30.992 30.995 30.998 1050 31.006 31.009 31.012 31.015 31.018 31.021 31.024 31.027 (continued) mb) 0)». 024 JOS 04) 205, 4:06. t:.07 in. Hg. .000 .001 .001 .001 .001 .002 .002 SMITHSONIAN METEOROLOGICAL TABLES Proportional parts 49 50 0 In. Hg. 31.006 31.036 31.066 31.095 31.125 31.154 31.184 31.213 31.243 31.272 31.302 31.331 31.361 31.390 31.420 31.449 31.479 31.508 31.538 31.568 31.597 31.627 31.656 31.686 31.715 31.745 31.774 31.804 31.833 31.863 31.892 31.922 31.951 31.981 32.010 32.040 32.070 32.099 32.129 32.158 32.188 32.217 32.247 32.276 32.306 32.335 32.365 32.394 32.424 32.453 32.483 TABLE 10 (CONCLUDED) MILLIBARS TO INCHES OF MERCURY 1 millibar = 0.02952998 inch of mercury. all In. Hg. 31.009 31.039 31.068 31.098 31.128 31.157 31.187 31.216 31.246 31.275 31.305 31.334 31.364 31.393 31.423 31.452 31.482 31.511 31.541 31.571 31.600 31.630 31.659 31.689 31.718 31.748 SEZ77 31.807 31.836 31.866 31.895 31.925 31.954 31.984 32.013 32.043 32.073 32.102 32.132 32.161 32.191 32.220 32.250 32.279 32.309 32.338 32.368 32.397 32.427 32.456 32.486 Proportional parts 2 3 4 S In. Hg. In. Hg. In. Hg. In. Hg. SLO SOIS) SOL 31.021 31.042 31.045 31.048 31.051 31.071 31.074 31.077 31.080 31.101 31.104 31.107 31.110 31.131 31.133 31.136 31.139 31.160 31.163 31.166 31.169 31.190 31.193 31.195 31.198 SUZI9(PSN222 31.225 31.228 SU 249 HSUs252 31.255 31257, 31.278 31.281 31.284 31.287 31.308 31.311 31.314 31.317 31.337 31.340 31.343 31.346 Siso7 oles/0 310373 31.376 31.396 31.399 31.402 31.405 31.426 31.429 31.432 31.435 31.455 31.458 31.461 31.464 31.485 31.488 31.491 31.494 31.514 31.517 31.520 31.523 31.544 31.547 31.550 31.553 31.573 31.576 31.579 31.582 31.603 31.606 31.609 31.612 31.633 31.635 31.638 31.641 31.662 31.665 31.668 31.671 31.692. 31.695 31.697 31.700 31.721, 31.724 31.727 31.730 31.751 31.754 31.757 31.759 31.780 31.783 31.786 31.789 31.810 31.813 31.816 31.819 31.839 31.842 31.845 31.848 31.869 31.872 31.875 31.878 31.898 31.901 31.904 31.907 31.928 31.931 31.934 31937 31.957 31.960 31.963 31.966 31.987 31.990 31.993 31.996 32.016 32.019 32.022 32.025 32.046 32.049 32.052 32.055 32.075 32.078 32.081 32.084 32.105.32.108. 32:10 32.114 32.135. 32.137 32.140 32.143 32.164 32.167 32.170 32.173 32.194 32.197 32.199 32.202 S2:223" Sk220: 32.229 32.232 B2.253 102-200 32.299 32.262 32.282 32.285 32.288 32.291 $2.12) 792.315 32318 32.321 32.341 32.344 32.347 32.350 82.371 (752.374 | 32.377 32.380 32.400 32.403 32.406 32.409 32.430 32.433 32.436 32.439 32.459 32.462 32.465 32.468 32.489 32.492 32.495 32.498 mb. 01 02 03 04 in. Hg. .000 .001 .001 .001 SMITHSONIAN METEOROLOGICAL TABLES .05 .001 6 In. Hg. 31.024 31.054 31.083 SUIS) 31.142 31.172 31.201 31.231 31.260 31.290 312319 31.349 31.379 31.408 31.438 31.467 31.497 31.526 31.556 31.585 31.615 31.644 31.674 31.703 31.733 31.762 31.792 31.822 31.851 31.881 31.910 31.940 31.969 31.999 32.028 32.058 32.087 32.117 32.146 32.176 32.205 32.235 32.264 32.294 32.324 32.353 32.383 32.412 32.442 32.471 32.501 .06 002 .002 vy, In. Hg. 31.027 31.057 31.086 31.116 31.145 31.175 31.204 31.234 31.263 31.293 31.322 31.352 31.382 31.411 31.441 31.470 31.500 31.529 31.559 31.588 31.618 31.647 31.677 31.706 31.736 31.765 31.795 31.824 31.854 31.884 31.913 31.943 31.972 32.002 32.031 32.061 32.090 32.120 32.149 322079 32.208 32.238 32.267 32.297 32.326 32.356 32.386 32.415 32.445 32.474 32.504 07 8 In. Hg. 31.030 31.060 31.089 31.119 31.148 31.178 31.207 3237 31.266 31.296 31.325 31.355 31.384 31.414 31.444 31.473 31.503 31.532 31.562 31.591 31.621 31.650 31.680 31.709 31.739 31.768 31.798 31.827 31.857 31.886 31.916 31.946 31.975 32.005 32.034 32.064 32.093 32.123 S252 32.182 32.211 32.241 32.270 32.300 32.329 32.359 32.388 32.418 32.448 32.477 32.507 .08 9 In. Hg. 31.033 31.063 31.092 31.122 31.151 31.181 31.210 31.240 31.269 31.299 31.328 31.358 31.387 31.417 31.446 31.476 31.506 31.535 31.565 31.594 31.624 31.653 31.683 31-712 31.742 31771 31.801 31.830 31.860 31.889 31.919 31.948 31.978 32.008 32.037 32.067 32.096 32.126 32.159 32.185 32.214 32.244 32.273 32.303 32.332 32.362 32.391 32.421 32.450 32.480 32.510 .09 002 .003 TABLE 11 MILLIMETERS OF MERCURY TO MILLIBARS 1 millimeter of mercury = 1.333224 millibars. Milli- 51 meters 0 i 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 mb. mb. mb. mb. mb. mb. mb. mb. mb. 0 Oo Piss 1267 400 58s 6.67 800 9.33 10.67 10 13.33. 14.67 16.00 17.33 1867 20.00 21.33 2266 24.00 20 2666. 128100 °29:33 °3066 3200) °3333 3466 36.00 37.33 30 40.00 41.33 42.66 44.00 45.33 46.66 48.00 49.33 50.66 40 53.33 54.66 56.00 57.33 5866 60.00 61.33 62.66 63.99 50 66.66 67.99 69.33 70.66 71.99 73.33 74.66 75.99 77.33 60 79.99 81.33 82.66 83.99 85.33 86.66 8799 8933 90.66 70 93.33 94.66 95.99 9733 9866 99.99 101.33 10266 103.99 80 106.66 107.99 109.32 110.66 111.99 113.32 11466 115.99 117.32 90 119.99 121.32 122.66 123.99 125.32 126.66 127.99 129.32 130.66 100 133.32 134.66 135.99 137.32 138.66 139.99 141.32 142.65 143.99 110 146.65 147.99 149.32 150.65 151.99 153.32 154.65 155.99 157.32 120 159.99 161.32 162.65 163.99 165.32 166.65 16799 169.32 170.65 130 173.32 174.65 175.99 177.32 17865 179.99 181.32 18265 18398 140 186.65 187.98 189.32 190.65 191.98 193.32 194.65 195.98 197.32 150 199.98 201.32 202.65 203.98 205.32 206.65 207.98 209.32 210.65 160 213.32 214.65 215.98 217.32 21865 219.98 22132 22265 223.98 170 226.65 227.98 229.31 230.65 231.98 233.31 234.65 23598 23731 180 239.98 241.31 242.65 243.98 245.31 246.65 24798 24931 250.65 190 253.31 254.65 255.98 257.31 258.65 259.98 261.31 262.65 263.98 200 266.64 267.98 269.31 270.64 271.98 273.31 274.64 275.98 277.31 210 279.98 281.31 282.64 283.98 285.31 286.64 287.98 289.31 290.64 220 293.31 294.64 295.98 297.31 20864 299.98 301.31 30264 303.98 230 306.64 307.97 309.31 310.64 311.97 313.31 314.64 315.97 31731 240 319.97 321.31 322.64 323.97 325.31 326.64 327.97 32931 330.64 250 333.31 334.64 335.97 337.31 338.64 339.97 341.31 342.64 343.97 260 346.64 347.97 349.30 350.64 351.97 353.30 354.64 355.97 357.30 270 359.97 361.30 362.64 363.97 365.30 366.64 367.97 369.30 370.64 280 373.30 374.64 375.97 377.30 378.64 379.97 381.30 38264 383.97 290 386.63 387.97 389.30 390.63 391.97 393.30 394.63 395.97 397.30 300 399.97 401.30 402.63 403.97 405.30 406.63 407.97 409.30 410.63 310 413.30 414.63 415.97 417.30 41863 419.97 421.30 42263 423.97 320 426.63 427.96 429.30 430.63 431.96 433.30 434.63 435.96 437.30 330 439.96 441.30 442.63 443.96 445.30 446.63 447.96 449.30 450.63 340 453.30 454.63. 455.96 457.30 458.63 459.96 461.30 462.63 463.96 350 466.63 467.96 469.29 470.63 471.96 473.29 474.63 475.96 477.29 360 479.96 481.29 482.63 483.96 485.29 486.63 487.96 489.29 490.63 370 493.29 494.63 495.96 497.29 49863 499.96 501.29 502.63 503.96 380 506.63 507.96 509.29 510.62 511.96 513.29 51462 515.96 517.29 390 519.96 521.29 522.62 523.96 525.29 526.62 527.96 529.29 530.62 400 533.29 534.62 535.96 537.29 538.62 539.96 541.29 542.62 543.96 410 546.62 547.96 549.29 550.62 551.95 553.29 55462 555.95 557.29 420 559.95 561.29 562.62 563.95 565.29 566.62 567.95 569.29 570.62 430 573.29 574.62 575.95 577.29 57862 579.95 581.29 582.62 583.95 440 586.62 587.95 589.29 590.62 591.95 593.28 594.62 595.95 5097.28 450 599.95 601.28 602.62 603.95 605.28 606.62 607.95 609.28 610.62 460 613.28 614.62 615.95 617.28 618.62 619.95 621.28 622.62 623.95 470 626.62 627.95 629.28 630.61 631.95 633.28 63461 63595 637.28 480 639.95 641.28 642.61 643.95 64528 646.61 647.95 649.28 65061 490 653.28 654.61 655.95 657.28 658.61 659.95 661.28 662.61 663.95 500 666.61 667.95 669.28 670.61 671.94 673.28 674.61 675.94 677.28 (continued) Maen Eee De DAS eA NG, Gruen aul esi rO Proportional parts mp 136027640853 67 80 93.107 1.20 SMITHSONIAN METEOROLOGICAL TABLES 52 Milli- meters 500 501 502 503 504 505 506 507 508 509 510 all 512 513 514 515 516 517 518 519 520 521 522, 523 524 525 526 527 528 529 530 531 532 533 534 535 536 537 538 a) 540 541 542 543 544 545 546 547 548 549 550 TABLE 11 (CONTINUED) MILLIMETERS OF MERCURY TO MILLIBARS 1 millimeter of mercury = 1.333224 millibars. 0 mil mb. mb. 666.61 666.75 667.95 668.08 669.28 669.41 670.61 670.74 671.94 672.08 673.28 673.41 674.61 674.74 675.94 676.08 677.28 677.41 678.61 678.74 679.94 680.08 681.28 681.41 682.61 682.74 683.94 684.08 685.28 685.41 686.61 686.74 687.94 688.08 689.28 689.41 690.61 690.74 691.94 692.08 693.28 693.41 694.61 694.74 695.94 696.08 697.28 697.41 698.61 698.74 699.94 700.08 701.28 701.41 702.61 702.74 703.94 704.08 705.28 705.41 706.61 706.74 707.94 708.08 709.28 709.41 710.61 710.74 711.94 712.07 713.27 713.41 714.61 714.74 715.94 716.07 717.27 717.41 718.61 718.74 719.94 720.07 721.27 721.41 722.61 722.74 723.94 724.07 T2027 72541 726.61 726.74 727.94 728.07 72927, 72941 730.61 730.74 731.94 732.07 733.27 733.41 Proportional parts 2 mb. 666.88 668.21 669.55 670.88 672.21 673.54 674.88 676.21 677.54 678.88 680.21 681.54 682.88 684.21 685.54 686.88 688.21 689.54 690.88 692.21 693.54 694.88 696.21 697.54 698.88 700.21 701.54 702.88 704.21 705.54 706.88 708.21 709.54 710.88 712.21 713.54 714.87 716.21 717.54 718.87 720.21 721.54 722.87 724.21 725.54 726.87 728.21 729.54 730.87 732.21 733.54 3 mb. 667.01 668.35 669.68 671.01 672.34 673.68 675.01 676.34 677.68 679.01 680.34 681.68 683.01 684.34 685.68 687.01 688.34 689.68 691.01 692.34 693.68 695.01 696.34 697.68 699.01 700.34 701.68 703.01 704.34 705.68 707.01 708.34 709.68 711.01 712.34 713.67 715.01 716.34 717.67 719.01 720.34 721.67 723.01 724.34 725.67 727.01 728.34 729.67 731.01 732.34 733.67 4 mb. 667.15 668.48 669.81 671.14 672.48 673.81 675.14 676.48 677.81 679.14 680.48 681.81 683.14 684.48 685.81 687.14 688.48 689.81 691.14 692.48 693.81 695.14 696.48 697.81 699.14 700.48 701.81 703.14 704.48 705.81 707.14 708.48 709.81 711.14 712.47 713.81 715.14 716.47 717.81 719.14 720.47 721.81 723.14 724.47 725.81 727.14 728.47 729.81 731.14 732.47 733.81 (continued) Mime. Ol OZ mb SMITHSONIAN METEOROLOGICAL TABLES sn Ole 03 § mb. 667.28 668.61 669.95 671.28 672.61 673.94 675.28 676.61 677.94 679.28 680.61 681.94 683.28 684.61 685.94 687.28 688.61 689.94 691.28 692.61 693.94 695.28 696.61 697.94 699.28 700.61 701.94 703.28 704.61 705.94 707.28 708.61 709.94 711.28 712.61 713.94 715.27 716.61 717.94 719.27 720.61 721.94 723.27 724.61 725.94 727.27 728.61 729.94 731.27 732.61 733.94 6 mb. 667.41 668.75 670.08 671.41 672.74 674.08 675.41 676.74 678.08 679.41 680.74 682.08 683.41 684.74 686.08 687.41 688.74 690.08 691.41 692.74 694.08 695.41 696.74 698.08 699.41 700.74 702.08 703.41 704.74 706.08 707.41 708.74 710.08 711.41 712.74 714.07 715.41 716.74 718.07 719.41 720.74 722.07 723.41 724.74 726.07 727.41 728.74 730.07 731.41 732.74 734.07 7 mb. 667.55 668.88 670.21 671.54 672.88 674.21 675.54 676.88 678.21 679.54 680.88 682.21 683.54 684.88 686.21 687.54 688.88 690.21 691.54 692.88 694.21 695.54 696.88 698.21 699.54 700.88 702.21 703.54 704.88 706.21 707.54 708.88 710.21 711.54 712.87 714.21 715.54 716.87 718.21 719.54 720.87 722.21 723.54 724.87 726.21 727.54 728.87 730.21 731.54 732.87 734.21 03 04 05 06 07 04 05 .07 .08 .09 8 mb. 667.68 669.01 670.35 671.68 673.01 674.34 675.68 677.01 678.34 679.68 681.01 682.34 683.68 685.01 686.34 687.68 689.01 690.34 691.68 693.01 694.34 695.68 697.01 698.34 699.68 701.01 702.34 703.68 705.01 706.34 707.68 709.01 710.34 711.67 713.01 714.34 715.67 717.01 718.34 719.67 721.01 722.34 723.67 725.01 726.34 727.67 729.01 730.34 731.67 733.01 734.34 08 .09 A) Lh eas 14 9 mb. 667.81 669.15 670.48 671.81 673.14 674.48 675.81 677.14 678.48 679.81 681.14 682.48 683.81 685.14 686.48 687.81 689.14 690.48 691.81 693.14 694.48 695.81 697.14 698.48 699.81 701.14 702.48 703.81 705.14 706.48 » 707.81 709.14 710.48 711.81 713.14 714.47 715.81 717.14 718.47 719.81 721.14 722.47 723.81 725.14 726.47 727.81 729.14 730.47 731.81 733.14 734.47 TABLE 11 (CONTINUED) MILLIMETERS OF MERCURY TO MILLIBARS 1 millimeter of mercury = 1.333224 millibars. oo el mb. mb. 550 733.27. 733.41 551 734.61 734.74 Proportional parts 7 mb. 734.21 735.54 736.87 738.21 739.54 740.87 742.21 743.54 744.87 746.21 747.54 748.87 750.21 751.54 752.87 754.20 755.54 756.87 758.20 759.54 760.87 762.20 763.54 764.87 766.20 767.54 768.87 770.20 771.54 772.87 774.20 775.94 776.87 778.20 779.54 780.87 782.20 783.54 784.87 786.20 787.54 788.87 790.20 791.54 792.87 794.20 795.53 796.87 798.20 799.53 800.87 06 .07 L 3) 4 5 6 mb. mb. mb. mb. mb. 733.54 733.67 733.81 733.94 734.07 734.87. 735.01 735.14 ha 130,41 736.21 736.34 736.47 736.61 736.74 737.54 737.67 737.81 737.94 738.07 738.87 739.01 739.14 739.27 739.41 740.21 740.34 740.47 740.61 740.74 741.54 741.67 741.81 741.94 742.07 742.87 743.01 743.14 743.27 743.41 744.21 744.34 744.47 744.61 744.74 745.54 745.67 745.81 745.94 746.07 746.87 747.01 747.14 747.27 747.41 748.21 748.34 748.47 748.61 748.74 749.54 749.67 749.81 749.94 750.07 750.87 751.01 751.14 W527 75L4l 752.20 752.34 752.47 752.60 752.74 753.54 753.67 753.80 753.94 754.07 754.87 755.00 755.14 755.27 755.40 756.20 756.34 756.47 756.60 756.74 757.54 757.67 757.80 757.94 758.07 758.87 759.00 759.14 759.27 759.40 760.20 760.34 760.47 760.60 760.74 761.54 761.67 761.80 761.94 762.07 762.87 763.00 763.14 763.27 763.40 764.20 764.34 764.47 764.60 764.74 765.54 765.67 765.80 765.94 766.07 766.87 767.00 767.14 767.27 767.40 768.20. 768.34 768.47 768.60 768.74 769.54 769.67 769.80 769.94 770.07 770.87 771.00 771.14 771.27 771.40 772.20 772.34 772.47 772.60 772.74 773.54 773.67 773.80 773.94 774.07 774.87 775.00 775.14 775.27 775.40 776.20 776.34 776.47 776.60 776.74 777.54 777.67 777.80 777.94 778.07 778.87 779.00 779.14 779.27 779.40 780.20 780.34 780.47 780.60 780.74 781.54 781.67 781.80 781.94 782.07 782.87 783.00 783.14 783.27 783.40 784.20 784.34 784.47 784.60 784.74 785.54 785.67 785.80 785.94 786.07 786.87 787.00 787.14 787.27 787.40 788.20 788.34 788.47 788.60 788.74 789.54 789.67 789.80 789.94 790.07 790.87 791.00 791.14 791.27 791.40 792.20 792.34 792.47 792.60 792.73 793.53 793.67 793.80 793.93 794.07 794.87 795.00 795.13 795.27 795.40 796.20 796.33 796.47 796.60 796.73 797.53 797.67 797.80 797.93 798.07 798.87 799.00 799.13 799.27 799.40 800.20 800.33 800.47 800.60 800.73 (continued) mmivtiou, J0ly 02) 03) 1.04 1.05 mb... OL, 03° 204005 077,208) 209 SMITHSONIAN METEOROLOGICAL TABLES 8 mb. 734.34 735.67 737.01 738.34 739.67 741.01 742.34 743.67 745.01 746.34 747.67 749.01 750.34 751.67 753.00 754.34 755.67 757.00 758.34 759.67 761.00 762.34 763.67 765.00 766.34 767.67 769.00 770.34 771.67 773.00 774.34 775.67 777.00 778.34 779.67 781.00 782.34 783.67 785.00 786.34 787.67 789.00 790.34 791.67 793.00 794.33 795.67 797.00 798.33 799.67 801.00 08 .09 ah AZ 53 9 mb. 734.47 735.81 737.14 738.47 739.81 741.14 742.47 743.81 745.14 746.47 747.81 749.14 750.47 751.81 753.14 754.47 755.80 757.14 758.47 759.80 761.14 762.47 763.80 765.14 766.47 767.80 769.14 770.47 771.80 773.14 774.47 775.80 777.14 778.47 779.80 781.14 782.47 783.80 785.14 786.47 787.80 789.14 790.47 791.80 793.13 794.47 795.80 797.13 798.47 799.80 801.13 54 TABLE 11 (CONTINUED) MILLIMETERS OF MERCURY TO MILLIBARS 1 millimeter of mercury = 1.333224 millibars. a GN mb. mb. 600 799.93 800.07 601 801.27 801.40 602 802.60 802.73 603 803.93 804.07 604 805.27 805.40 605 806.60 806.73 606 807.93 808.07 607 809.27 809.40 608 810.60 810.73 609 811.93 812.07 610 813.27 813.40 611 814.60 814.73 612 815.93 816.07 613 817.27 817.40 614 818.60 818.73 615 819.93 820.07 616 821.27 821.40 617 822.60 822.73 618 823.93 824.07 619 825.27 825.40 620 826.60 826.73 621 827.93 828.07 622 829.27 829.40 623 830.60 830.73 624 831.93 832.07 625 833.27 833.40 626 834.60 834.73 627 835.93 836.06 628 837.26 837.40 629 838.60 838.73 630 839.93 840.06 631 841.26 841.40 Proportional parts ee, mb, 800.20 801.53 802.87 804.20 805.53 806.87 808.20 809.53 810.87 812.20 813.53 814.87 816.20 817.53 818.87 820.20 821.53 822.87 824.20 825.53 826.87 828.20 829.53 830.87 832.20 833.53 834.86 836.20 837.53 838.86 840.20 841.53 842.86 844.20 845.53 846.86 848.20 849.53 850.86 852.20 853.53 854.86 856.20 857.53 858.86 860.20 861.53 862.86 864.20 865.53 866.86 3 mb. 800.33 801.67 803.00 804.33 805.67 807.00 808.33 809.67 811.00 812.33 813.67 815.00 816.33 817.67 819.00 820.33 821.67 823.00 824.33 825.67 827.00 828.33 829.67 831.00 832.33 833.66 835.00 836.33 837.66 839.00 840.33 841.66 843.00 844.33 845.66 847.00 848.33 849.66 851.00 852.33 853.66 855.00 856.33 857.66 859.00 860.33 861.66 863.00 864.33 865.66 867.00 4 mb. 800.47 801.80 803.13 804.47 805.80 807.13 808.47 809.80 811.13 812.47 813.80 815.13 816.47 817.80 819.13 820.47 821.80 823.13 824.47 825.80 827.13 828.47 829.80 831.13 832.47 833.80 835.13 836.46 837.80 839.13 840.46 841.80 843.13 844.46 845.80 847.13 848.46 849.80 851.13 852.46 853.80 855.13 856.46 857.80 867.13 (continued) 5 mb. 800.60 801.93 803.27 6 mb. 800.73 802.07 803.40 804.73 806.07 807.40 808.73 810.07 811.40 812.73 814.07 815.40 816.73 818.07 819.40 820.73 822.07 823.40 824.73 826.07 827.40 828.73 830.07 831.40 832.73 834.06 835.40 836.73 838.06 839.40 840.73 842.06 843.40 844.73 846.06 847.40 848.73 850.06 851.40 852.73 854.06 855.40 856.73 858.06 859.40 860.73 862.06 863.40 864.73 866.06 867.40 7 mb. 800.87 802.20 803.53 804.87 806.20 807.53 808.87 810.20 811.53 812.87 814.20 815.53 816.87 818.20 819.53 820.87 822.20 823.53 824.87 826.20 827.53 828.87 830.20 831.53 832.87 834.20 835.53 836.86 838.20 839.53 840.86 842.20 843.53 844.86 846.20 847.53 848.86 850.20 851.53 852.86 854.20 855.53 856.86 858.20 859.53 860.86 862.20 863.53 864.86 866.20 867.53 mm. He. .01 02) 03) 04 .05))206) 9:07, » OL! 08°04) 05) 207) 20B: 09 mb SMITHSONIAN METEOROLOGICAL TABLES TABLE 11 (CONTINUED) MILLIMETERS OF MERCURY TO MILLIBARS 1 millimeter of mercury = 1.333224 millibars. a a mb. mb. 650 866.60 866.73 651 867.93 868.06 652 869.26 869.40 653 870.60 870.73 654 871.93 872.06 655 873.26 873.40 656 874.59 874.73 657 875.93 876.06 658 877.26 877.39 659 878.59 878.73 660 879.93 880.06 661 881.26 881.39 662 882.59 882.73 663 883.93 884.06 664 885.26 885.39 665 886.59 886.73 666 887.93 888.06 667 889.26 889.39 668 890.59 890.73 669 891.93 892.06 670 893.26 893.39 671 894.59 894.73 672 895.93 896.06 673 897.26 897.39 Proportional parts 51 mb. 867.53 868.86 870.20 871.53 872.86 874.19 875.53 876.86 878.19 879.53 880.86 882.19 883.53 884.86 886.19 887.53 888.86 890.19 891.53 892.86 894.19 895.53 896.86 898.19 899.53 900.86 902.19 903.53 904.86 906.19 907.53 908.86 910.19 911-53 912.86 914.19 915.52 916.86 918.19 919.52 920.86 922.19 923.52 924.86 926.19 927.52 928.86 930.19 931.52 932.86 934.19 06 .07 wz 3 4 5 6 mb. mb. mb. mb. mb. 866.86 867.00 867.13 867.26 867.40 868.20 868.33 868.46 868.60 868.73 869.53 869.66 869.80 869.93 870.06 870.86 871.00 871.13 871.26 871.40 872.20 872.33 872.46 872.60 872.73 873.53 873.66 873.80 873.93 874.06 874.86 874.99 875.13 875.26 875.39 876.19 876.33 876.46 876.59 876.73 877.53 877.66 877.79 877.93 878.06 878.86 878.99 879.13 879.26 879.39 880.19 880.33 880.46 880.59 880.73 881.53 881.66 881.79 881.93 882.06 882.86 882.99 883.13 883.26 883.39 884.19 884.33 884.46 884.59 884.73 885.53 885.66 885.79 885.93 886.06 886.86 886.99 887.13 887.26 887.39 888.19 888.33 888.46 888.59 888.73 889.53 889.66 889.79 889.93 890.06 890.86 890.99 891.13 891.26 891.39 892.19 892.33 892.46 892.59 892.73 893.53 893.66 893.79 893.93 894.06 894.86 894.99 895.13 895.26 895.39 896.19 896.33 896.46 896.59 896.73 897.53 897.66 897.79 897.93 898.06 898.86 898.99 899.13 899.26 899.39 900.19 900.33 900.46 900.59 900.73 901.53 901.66 901.79 901.93 902.06 902.86 902.99 903.13 903.26 903.39 904.19 904.33 904.46 904.59 904.73 905.53 905.66 905.79 905.93 906.06 906.86 906.99 907.13 907.26 907.39 908.19 908.33 908.46 908.59 908.73 909.53 909.66 909.79 909.93 910.06 910.86 910.99 911.13 911.26 911.39 912.19 912.33 912.46 912.59 912.73 913.53 913.66 913.79 913.93 914.06 914.86 914.99 915.12 915.26 915.39 916.19 916.32 916.46 916.59 916.72 917.52 917.66 917.79 917.92 918.06 918.86 918.99 919.12 919.26 919.39 920.19 920.32 920.46 920.59 920.72 921.52 921.66 921.79 921.92 922.06 922.86 922.99 923.12 923.26 923.39 924.19 924.32 924.46 924.59 924.72 925.52 925.66 925.79 925.92 926.06 926.86 926.99 927.12 927.26 927.39 928.19 928.32 928.46 928.59 928.72 929.52 929.66 929.79 929.92 930.06 930.86 930.99 931.12 931.26 931.39 932.19 932.32 932.46 932.59 932.72 933.52 933.66 933.79 933.92 934.06 (continued) mm. Hg. .01 02 .03 .04 .05 mb. .01 .03 .04 .05 .07 .08 .09 SMITHSONIAN METEOROLOGICAL TABLES 8 mb. 867.66 869.00 870.33 871.66 873.00 874.33 875.66 876.99 878.33 879.66 880.99 882.33 883.66 884.99 886.33 887.66 888.99 890.33 891.66 892.99 894.33 895.66 896.99 898.33 899.66 900.99 902.33 903.66 904.99 906.33 907.66 908.99 910.33 911.66 912.99 914.33 915.66 916.99 918.32 919.66 920.99 922.32 923.66 924.99 926.32 927.66 928.99 930.32 931.66 932.99 934.32 08 .09 tsa 55 29 mb. 867.80 869.13 870.46 871.80 873.13 874.46 875.79 877.13 878.46 879.79 881.13 882.46 883.79 885.13 886.46 887.79 889.13 890.46 891.79 893.13 894.46 895.79 897.13 898.46 899.79 901.13 902.46 903.79 905.13 906.46 907.79 909.13 910.46 911.79 913.13 914.46 915.79 917.12 918.46 919.79 921.12 922.46 923.79 925.12 926.46 927.79 929.12 930.46 931.79 933.12 934.46 56 gee 00 mb. 700 933.26 701 934.59 702 935.92 703 937.26 704 938.59 705 939.92 706 941.26 707 942,59 708 943.92 709 945.26 710 946.59 711 947.92 712 949.26 713 950.59 714 951.92 715 953.26 716 954.59 717 955.92 718 957.25 719 958.59 720 959.92 721 961.25 722 962.59 723 963.92 724 965.25 725 966.59 726 967.92 727 969.25 728 970.59 729 971.92 730 973.25 731 974.59 732 975.92 733 977.25 734 978.59 735 979.92 736 981.25 737 982.59 738 983.92 739 985.25 740 986.59 741 987.92 742 989,25 743 990.59 744 991.92 745 993.25 746 994.59 747 995.92 748 997.25 749 998.58 750 999.92 Proportional parts TABLE 11 (CONTINUED) MILLIMETERS OF MERCURY TO MILLIBARS 1 millimeter of mercury = 1.333224 millibars. ail mb. 933.39 934.72 936.06 937.39 938.72 940.06 941.39 942.72 944.06 945.39 946,72 948.06 949,39: 950.72 952.06 953.39 954.72 956.05 957.39 958.72 960.05 961.39 962.72 964.05 965.39 966.72 968.05 969.39 970.72 972.05 973.39 974.72 976.05 977.39 978.72 980.05 981.39 982.72 984.05 985.39 986.72 988.05 989.39 990.72 992.05 993.39 994.72 996.05 997.38 998.72 2 mb, 933.52 934.86 936.19 937.52 938.86 940.19 941.52 942.86 944.19 945.52 946.86 948.19 949.52 950.86 952.19 953.52 954.86 956.19 957.52 958.85 960.19 961.52 962.85 964.19 965.52 966.85 968.19 969.52 970.85 972.19 973.52 974.85 SPAS 977.52 978.85 980.19 981.52 982.85 984.19 985,52 986.85 988.19 989.52 990.85 992.19 993.52 994.85 996.18 997.52 998.85 KS} mb. 933.66 934.99 936.32 937.66 938.99 940.32 941.66 942.99 944.32 945.66 946.99 948.32 949.66 950.99 952.32 953.66 954.99 956.32 957.65 958.99 960.32 961.65 962.99 964.32 965.65 966.99 1000.05 1000.18 1000.32 4 mb. 933.79 935.12 936.46 937.79 939.12 940.46 941.79 943.12 944.46 945.79 947.12 948.46 949.79 951.12 952.46 953.79 955.12 956.45 957.79 959112 960.45 961.79. 963.12 964.45 965.79 967.12 968.45 969.79 971.12 972.45 973.79 975.12 976.45 977.79 97912 980.45 981.79 983.12 984.45 985.79 987.12 988.45 989.79 991.12 992.45 993.79 995.12 996.45 997.78 999.12 1000.45 (continued) 5 mb. 933.92 935.26 936.59 937.92 939.26 940.59 941.92 943.26 944.59 945.92 947.26 948.59 949.92 951.26 952.59 953.92 955.25 956.59 957.92 959.25 960.59 961.92 963.25 964.59 965.92 967.25 968.59 969.92 971.25 972.59 973.92 975.25 976.59 977.92 979.25 980.59 981.92 983.25 984.59 985.92 987.25 988.59 989.92 991.25 992.59 993.92 995.25 996.58 997.92 999.25 6 mb. 934.06 935.39 936.72 938.06 939.39 940.72 942.06 943.39 944.72 946.06 947.39 948.72 950.06 951.39 952.72 954.06 955.39 956.72 958.05 959.39 960.72 962.05 963.39 964.72 966.05 967.39 968.72 970.05 971.39 972.72 974.05 975.39 976.72 978.05 979.39 980.72 982.05 983.39 984.72 986.05 987.39 988.72 990.05 991.39 992.72 994.05 995.39 996.72 998.05 999.38 1000.58 1000.72 mm. Hg. .01 02 03 04 .05 mb... 01:03 04 05.07 .08" .09 SMITHSONIAN METEOROLOGICAL TABLES Up mb. 934.19 935.52 936.86 938.19 939.52 940.86 942.19 943.52 944.86 946.19 947.52 948.86 950.19 951-52 952.86 - 954.19 955.52 956.85 958.19 959.52 960.85 962.19 963.52 964.85 966.19 967.52 968.85 970.19 971.52 972.85 974.19 975.52 976.85 978.19 979.52 980.85 982.19 983.52 984.85 986.19 987.52 988.85 990.19 991.52 992.85 994.19 995.52 996.85 998.18 999.52 1000.85 06 .07 8 mb. 934.32 935.66 936.99 938.32 939.66 940.99 942.32 943.66 944.99 946.32 947.66 948.99 950.32 951.66 952.99 954.32 955.65 956.99 958.32 959.65 960.99 962.32 963.65 964.99 966.32 967.65 968.99 970.32 971.65 972.99 974.32 975.65 976.99 978.32 979.65 980.99 982.32 983.65 984.99 986.32 987.65 988.99 990.32 991.65 992.99 994.32 995.65 996.98 998.32 999.65 1000.98 9 mb. 934.46 935.79 937.12 938.46 939.79 941.12 942.46 943.79 945.12 946.46 947.79 949.12 950.46 951.79 953.12 954.46 955.79 957.12 958.45 959.79 961.12 962.45 963.79 965.12 966.45 967.79 969.12 970.45 971.79 973.12 974.45 975.79 977.12 978.45 979.79 981.12 982.45 983.79 985.12 986.45 987.79 989.12 990.45 991.79 993.12 994.45 995.79 997.12 998.45 999.78 1001.12 08 .09 ld sz TABLE 11 (CONTINUED) 57 MILLIMETERS OF MERCURY TO MILLIBARS 1 millimeter of mercury = 1.333224 millibars. meee Mo ta 6 pM hg Be,” | PAG) ig Mere eee Ne mb. mb. mb. mb. mb. mb. mb. mb. mb. mb. 750 999.92 1000.05 1000.18 1000.32 1000.45 1000.58 1000.72 1000.85 1000.98 1001.12 751 1001.25 1001.38 1001.52 1001.65 1001.78 1001.92 1002.05 1002.18 1002.32 1002.45 752 1002.58 1002.72 1002.85 1002.98 1003.12 1003.25 1003.38 1003.52 1003.65 1003.78 753 1003.92 1004.05 1004.18 1004.32 1004.45 1004.58 1004.72 1004.85 1004.98 1005.12 754 1005.25 1005.38 1005.52 1005.65 1005.78 1005.92 1006.05 1006.18 1006.32 1006.45 755 1006.58 1006.72 1006.85 1006.98 1007.12 1007.25 1007.38 1007.52 1007.65 1007.78 756 ~—- 1007.92 1008.05 1008.18 1008.32 1008.45 1008.58 1008.72 1008.85 1008.98 1009.12 757 ~—-: 1009.25 1009.38 1009.52 1009.65 1009.78 1009.92 1010.05 1010.18 1010.32 1010.45 758 1010.58 1010.72 1010.85 1010.98 1011.12 1011.25 1011.38 1011.52 1011.65 1011.78 759 —-1011.92 1012.05 1012.18 1012.32 1012.45 1012.58 1012.72 1012.85 1012.98 1013.12 760 1013.25 1013.38 1013.52 1013.65 1013.78 1013.92 1014.05 1014.18 1014.32 1014.45 761 =: 1014.58 1014.72 1014.85 1014.98 1015.12 1015.25 1015.38 1015.52 1015.65 1015.78 762 ~=1015.92 1016.05 1016.18 1016.32 1016.45 1016.58 1016.72 1016.85 1016.98 1017.12 763. 1017.25 1017.38 1017.52 1017.65 1017.78 1017.92 1018.05 1018.18 1018.32 1018.45 764 1018.58 1018.72 1018.85 1018.98 1019.12 1019.25 1019.38 1019.52 1019.65 1019.78 765 1019.92 1020.05 1020.18 1020.32 1020.45 1020.58 1020.72 1020.85 1020.98 1021.12 766 =—:1021.25 1021.38 1021.52 1021.65 1021.78 1021.92 1022.05 1022.18 1022.32 1022.45 767 = 1022.58 1022.72 1022.85 1022.98 1023.12 1023.25 1023.38 1023.52 1023.65 1023.78 768 1023.92 1024.05 1024.18 1024.32 1024.45 1024.58 1024.72 1024.85 1024.98 1025.12 769 1025.25 1025.38 1025.52 1025.65 1025.78 1025.92 1026.05 1026.18 1026.32 1026.45 770 1026.58 1026.72 1026.85 1026.98 1027.12 1027.25 1027.38 1027.52 1027.65 1027.78 771 ~—:1027.92 1028.05 1028.18 1028.32 1028.45 1028.58 1028.72 1028.85 1028.98 1029.12 772 = 1029.25 1029.38 1029.52 1029.65 1029.78 1029.92 1030.05 1030.18 1030.32 1030.45 773 ~~: 1030.58 1030.72 1030.85 1030.98 1031.12 1031.25 1031.38 1031.52 1031.65 1031.78 774 ~—: 1031.92 1032.05 1032.18 1032.32 1032.45 1032.58 1032.72 1032.85 1032.98 1033.12 775 —- 1033.25 1033.38 1033.52 1033.65 1033.78 1033.92 1034.05 1034.18 1034.32 1034.45 776 1034.58 1034.72 1034.85 1034.98 1035.12 1035.25 1035.38 1035.52 1035.65 1035.78 777 ~—- 1035.92 1036.05 1036.18 1036.32 1036.45 1036.58 1036.71 1036.85 1036.98 1037.11 778 =: 1037.25 1037.38 1037.51 1037.65 1037.78 1037.91 1038.05 1038.18 1038.31 1038.45 779 ~—-: 1038.58 1038.71 1038.85 1038.98 1039.11 1039.25 1039.38 1039.51 1039.65 1039.78 780 1039.91 1040.05 1040.18 1040.31 1040.45 1040.58 1040.71 1040.85 1040.98 1041.11 781 = 1041.25 1041.38 1041.51 1041.65 1041.78 1041.91 1042.05 1042.18 1042.31 1042.45 782 =: 1042.58 1042.71 1042.85 1042.98 1043.11 1043.25 1043.38 1043.51 1043.65 1043.78 783 =: 1043.91 1044.05 1044.18 1044.31 1044.45 1044.58 1044.71 1044.85 1044.98 1045.11 784 =1045.25 1045.38 1045.51 1045.65 1045.78 1045.91 1046.05 1046.18 1046.31 1046.45 785 1046.58 1046.71 1046.85 1046.98 1047.11 1047.25 1047.38 1047.51 1047.65 1047.78 786 =: 1047.91 1048.05 1048.18 1048.31 1048.45 1048.58 1048.71 1048.85 1048.98 1049.11 787 1049.25 1049.38 1049.51 1049.65 1049.78 1049.91 1050.05 1050.18 1050.31 1050.45 788 1050.58 1050.71 1050.85 1050.98 1051.11 1051.25 1051.38 1051.51 1051.65 1051.78 789 =: 1051.91 1052.05 1052.18 1052.31 1052.45 1052.58 1052.71 1052.85 1052.98 1053.11 790 =: 1053.25 1053.38 1053.51 1053.65 1053.78 1053.91 1054.05 1054.18 1054.31 1054.45 791 =: 1054.58 1054.71 1054.85 1054.98 1055.11 1055.25 1055.38 1055.51 1055.65 1055.78 792 1055.91 1056.05 1056.18 1056.31 1056.45 1056.58 1056.71 1056.85 1056.98 1057.11 793, = 1057.25 1057.38 1057.51 1057.65 1057.78 1057.91 1058.05 1058.18 1058.31 1058.45 794 1058.58 1058.71 1058.85 1058.98 1059.11 1059.25 1059.38 1059.51 1059.65 1059.78 795 1059.91 1060.05 1060.18 1060.31 1060.45 1060.58 1060.71 1060.85 1060.98 1061.11 796 1061.25 1061.38 1061.51 1061.65 1061.78 1061.91 1062.05 1062.18 1062.31 1062.45 797. = 1062.58 1062.71 1062.85 1062.98 1063.11 1063.25 1063.38 1063.51 1063.65 1063.78 798 1063.91 1064.05 1064.18 1064.31 1064.45 1064.58 1064.71 1064.85 1064.98 1065.11 799 1065.25 1065.38 1065.51 1065.65 1065.78 1065.91 1066.05 1066.18 1066.31 1066.45 800 1066.58 1066.71 1066.85 1066.98 1067.11 1067.25 1067.38 1067.51 1067.65 1067.78 (continued) mnfaiette, A401) 02 203." 049.05" 06 1.07 7.08-> 09 Proportional parts mb 01 03 04 05 07 08 09 11 12 SMITHSONIAN METEOROLOGICAL TABLES 38 Milli- meters 800 801 802 803 804 805 806 0 mb. 1066.58 1067.91 1069.25 1070.58 1071.91 1073.25 1074.58 1075.91 1077.24 1078.58 1079.91 1081.24 1082.58 1083.91 1085.24 1086.58 1087.91 1089.24 1090.58 1091.91 1093.24 1094.58 1095.91 1097.24 1098.58 1099.91 1101.24 1102.58 1103.91 1105.24 1106.58 1107.91 1109.24 1110.58 TTS 1113.24 1114.58 1115.91 1117.24 1118.57 1119.91 1121.24 1122.57 1123.91 1125.24 1126.57 1127.91 TABLE 11 (CONCLUDED) MILLIMETERS OF MERCURY TO MILLIBARS 1 millimeter of mercury = 1.333224 millibars. All xD, mb. mb. 1066.71 1066.85 1068.05 1068.18 1069.38 1069.51 1070.71 1070.85 1072.05 1072.18 33) mb. 1066.98 1068.31 1069.65 1070.98 1072.31 1073.38 1073.51 1074.71 1074.85 1076.05 1076.18 1077.38 1077.51 1078.71 1078.84 1080.04 1080.18 1080.31 1081.38 1081.51 1081.64 1082.71 1082.84 1082.98 1084.04 1084.18 1084.31 1085.38 1085.51 1085.64 1086.71 1086.84 1086.98 1088.04 1088.18 1088.31 1089.38 1089.51 1089.64 1090.71 1090.84 1090.98 1092.04 1092.18 1092.31 1093.38 1093.51 1093.64 1094.71 1094.84 1094.98 1096.04 1096.18 1096.31 1097.38 1097.51 1097.64 1098.71 1098.84 1098.98 1100.04 1100.18 1100.31 1101.38 1101.51 1101.64 1102.71 1102.84 1102.98 1104.04 1104.18 1104.31 1105.38 1105.51 1105.64 1106.71 1106.84 1106.98 1108.04 1108.18 1108.31 1109.38 1109.51 1109.64 1110.71 1110.84 1110.98 1112.04 1112.18 1112.31 1113.38 1113.51 1113.64 1114.71 1114.84 1114.98 1116.04 1116.18 1116.31 W738) T1751, 1117-64 1118.71 1118.84 1118.97 1120.04 1120.17 1120.31 1121.37 1121.51 1121.64 1122.71 1122.84 1122.97 1124.04 1124.17 1124.31 1125.37 1125.51 1125.64 1126.71 1126.84 1126.97 1128.04 1128.17 1128.31 1073.65 1074.98 1076.31 1077.64 1078.98 1129.24 1129.37 1130.57 1130.71 1131.91 1132.04 1133.24 1133.37 Proportional parts 1129.51 1129.64 1130.84 1130.97 1132.17 1132.31 1133.51 1133.64 SMITHSONIAN METEOROLOGICAL TABLES mm. Hg. mb. 4 mb. 1067.11 1068.45 1069.78 1071.11 1072.45 1073.78 1075.11 1076.45 1077.78 1079.11 1080.44 1081.78 1083.11 1084.44 1085.78 1087.11 1088.44 1089.78 1091.11 1092.44 1093.78 1095.11 1096.44 1097.78 1099.11 1100.44 1101.78 1103.11 1104.44 1105.78 1107.11 1108.44 1109.78 1111.11 1112.44 1113.78 isa 1116.44 1117.78 1119.11 1120.44 1121.77 1123.11 1124.44 1125.77 1127.11 1128.44 1129.77 1131.11 1132.44 1133.77 01 01 5 6 mb. mb. 1067.25 1067.38 1068.58 1068.71 1069.91 1070.05 1071.25 1071.38 1072.58 1072.71 er | 8 9 mb. mb. mb. 1067.51 1067.65 1067.78 1068.85 1068.98 1069.11 1070.18 1070.31 1070.45 1071.51 1071.65 1071.78 1072.85 1072.98 1073.11 1073.91 1074.05 1074.18 1075.25 1075.38 1075.51 1076.58 1076.71 1076.85 1077.91 1078.04 1078.18 1079.24 1079.38 1079.51 1080.58 1080.71 1080.84 1081.91 1082.04 1082.18 1083.24 1083.38 1083.51 1084.58 1084.71 1084.84 1085.91 1086.04 1086.18 1087.24 1087.38 1087.51 1088.58 1088.71 1088.84 1089.91 1090.04 1090.18 1091.24 1091.38 1091.51 1092.58 1092.71 1092.84 1093.91 1094.04 1094.18 1095.24 1095.38 1095.51 1096.58 1096.71 1096.84 1097.91 1098.04 1098.18 1099.24 1099.38 1099.51 1100.58 1100.71 1100.84 1101.91 1102.04 1102.18 1103.24 1103.38 1103.51 1104.58 1104.71 1104.84 1105.91 1106.04 1106.18 1107.24 1107.38 1107.51 1108.58 1108.71 1108.84 1109.91 1110.04 1110.18 1111.24 1111.38 1111.51 1112.58 1112.71 1112.84 1113.91 1114.04 1114.18 1115.24 1115.38 1115.51 1116.58 1116.71 1116.84 1117.91 1118.04 1118.17 1119.24 1119.37 1119.51 1120.57 1120.71 1120.84 1121.91 1122.04 1122.17 1123.24 1123.37 1123.51 1124.57 1124.71 1124.84 1125.91 1126.04 1126.17 1127.24 1127.37 1127.51 1128.57 1128.71 1128.84 1129.91 1130.04 1130.17 1131.24 1131.37 1131.51 1132.57 1132.71 1132.84 1133.91 1134.04 1134.17 02” 03.04 .05'' -06 .07 03 04 05 .07 .08 .09 1074.31 1074.45 1075.65 1075.78 1076.98 1077.11 1078.31 1078.44 1079.64 1079.78 1080.98 1081.11 1082.31 1082.44 1083.64 1083.78 1084.98 1085.11 1086.31 1086.44 1087.64 1087.78 1094.31 1094.44 1095.64 1095.78 1096.98 1097.11 1098.31 1098.44 1099.64 1099.78 1100.98 1101.11 1102.31 1102.44 1103.64 1103.78 1104.98 1105.11 1106.31 1106.44 1107.64 1107.78 1108.98 1109.11 1110.31 1110.44 1111.64 1111.78 1112.98 1113.11 1114.31 1114.44 1115.64 1115.78 1116.98 1117.11 1118.31 1118.44 1119.64 1119.77 1120.97 1121.11 1122.31 1122.44 1123.64 1123.77 1124.97 1125.11 1126.31 1126.44 1127.64 1127.77 1128.97 1129.11 1130.31 1130.44 1131.64 1131.77 1132.97 1133.11 1134.31 1134.44 08 .09 al 2 TABLE MILLIBARS TO MILLIMETERS OF MERCURY 1 millibar = 0.7500616 millimeter of mercury. bars 0 1 mm. mm. 0) .00 1D 10 7.50 8.25 20 1500. 15,75 30 22.50; 23.25 40 30.00 30.75 50 37.50 38.25 60 45.00 45.75 70 52.50 53.25 80 60.00 60.75 90 67.51 68.26 100 75.016: 75:76 110 82:51 83:26 120 90.01. 90.76 130 97.51 98.26 140 105.01 105.76 150 112.51 113.26 160 120.01 120.76 170 127.51 128.26 180 135.01 135.76 190 142.51 143.26 200 150.01 150.76 210 157.51 158.26 220 165.01 165.76 230 172.51 173.26 240 180.01 180.76 250 187.52 188.27 260 195.02 195.77 270 202.52 203.27 280 210.02 210.77 290 217.520 21827 300 225,023 225.77 310 232.52, 233.27 320 240.02 240.77 330 247.52 248.27 340 255.02 255.77 350 262.52 263.27 360 270.02 270.77 370 CH EVR WCALSWA 380 285.02 285.77 390 292.52 293.27 400 300.02 300.77 410 307.53 308.28 420 315.03 315.78 430 322.53 323.28 440 330.03 330.78 450 337.53 338.28 460 345.03 345.78 470 352.53 353.28 480 360.03 360.78 490 367.53 368.28 500 = 375.03 375.78 Proportional parts 2 3 4 376.53 377.28 378.03 5 6 7 mm. mm. mm. 3:79, 14.50. 5.25 (continued) mb. .1 mm. Hg. .08 : SMITHSONIAN METEOROLOGICAL TABLES Zaha, ALd WO) med US 2 Sig 30 38 4908 59 60 0 mm. 375.03 375.78 376.53 377.28 378.03 378.78 379.53 380.28 381.03 381.78 382.53 383.28 384.03 384.78 385.53 386.28 387.03 387.78 388.53 389.28 390.03 390.78 391.53 392.28 393.03 393.78 394.53 395.28 396.03 396.78 397.53 398.28 399.03 399.78 400.53 401.28 402.03 402.78 403.53 404.28 405.03 405.78 406.53 407.28 408.03 408.78 409.53 410.28 411.03 411.78 412.53 Proportional parts TABLE 12 (CONTINUED) MILLIBARS TO MILLIMETERS OF MERCURY 1 millibar = 0.7500616 millimeter of mercury. al mm. 375.11 375.86 376.61 377.36 378.11 378.86 379.61 380.36 381.11 381.86 382.61 383.36 384.11 384.86 385.61 386.36 387.11 387.86 388.61 389.36 390.11 390.86 391.61 392.36 393.11 393.86 394.61 395.36 396.11 396.86 397.61 398.36 39911 399.86 400.61 401.36 402.11 402.86 403.61 404.36 405.11 405.86 406.61 407.36 408.11 408.86 409.61 410.36 411.11 411.86 412.61 2 mm. 375.18 375.93 376.68 377.43 378.18 378.93 379.68 380.43 381.18 381.93 382.68 383.43 384.18 384.93 385.68 386.43 387.18 387.93 388.68 389.43 390.18 390.93 391.68 392.43 393.18 393.93 394.68 395.43 396.18 396.93 397.68 398.43 399.18 399.93 400.68 401.43 402.18 402.93 403.68 404.43 405.18 405.93 406.68 407.43 408.18 408.93 409.68 410.43 411.18 411.93 412.68 3 mm. 375.26 376.01 376.76 377.51 378.26 379.01 379.76 380.51 381.26 382.01 382.76 383.51 384.26 385.01 385.76 386.51 387.26 388.01 388.76 389.51 390.26 391.01 391.76 392.51 393.26 394.01 394.76 395.51 396.26 397.01 397.76 398.51 399.26 400.01 400.76 401.51 402.26 403.01 403.76 404.51 405.26 406.01 406.76 407.51 408.26 409.01 409.76 410.51 411.26 412.01 412.76 mb. mm. Hg. SMITHSONIAN METEOROLOGICAL TABLES 4 mm, 375.33 376.08 376.83 377.58 378.33 379.08 379.83 380.58 381.33 382.08 382.83 383.58 384.33 385.08 385.83 386.58 387.33 388.08 388.83 389.58 390.33 391.08 391.83 392.58 393.33 394.08 394.83 395.58 396.33 397.08 397.83 398.58 399.33 400.08 400.83 401.58 402.33 403.08 403.83 404.58 405.33 406.08 406.83 407.58 408.33 409.08 409.83 410.58 411.33 412.08 412.83 (continued) O01 .02 01 .02 a5 mm. 375.41 376.16 376.91 377.66 378.41 379.16 379.91 380.66 381.41 382.16 382.91 383.66 384.41 385.16 385.91 386.66 387.41 388.16 388.91 389.66 390.41 391.16 391.91 392.66 393.41 394.16 394.91 395.66 396.41 397.16 397.91 398.66 399.41 400.16 400.91 401.66 402.41 403.16 403.91 404.66 405.41 406.16 406.91 407.66 408.41 409,16 409.91 410.66 411.41 412.16 412.91 6 mm. 375.48 376.23 376.98 SUAS 378.48 379.23 379.98 380.73 381.48 382.23 382.98 383.73 384.48 385.23 385.98 386.73 387.48 388.23 388.98 389.73 390.48 391.23 391.98 392.73 393.48 394.23 394.98 395.73 396.48 397.23 397.98 398.73 399.48 400.23 400.98 401.73 402.48 403.23 403.98 404.73 405.48 406.23 406.98 407.73 408.48 409.23 409.98 410.73 411.48 412.23 412.98 03 .04 .05 NOB TR05704), 05.05 7 mm. 375.56 376.31 377.06 377.81 378.56 379.31 380.06 380.81 381.56 382.31 383.06 383.81 384.56 385.31 386.06 386.81 387.56 388.31 389.06 389.81 390.56 391.31 392.06 392.81 393.56 304.31 395.06 305.81 396.56 397.31 398.06 398.81 399.56 400.31 401.06 401.81 402.56 403.31 404.06 404.81 405.56 406.31 407.06 407.81 408.56 409.31 410.06 410.81 411.56 412.31 413.06 06.07 8 mm. 375.63 376.38 377.13 377.88 378.63 379.38 380.13 380.88 381.63 382.38 383.13 383.88 384.63 385.38 386.13 386.88 387.63 388.38 389.13 389.88 390.63 391.38 392.13 392.88 393.63 394.38 395.13 395.88 396.63 397.38 398.13 398.88 399.63 400.38 401.13 401.88 402.63 403.38 404.13 404.88 405.63 406.38 407.13 407.88 408.63 409.38 410.13 410.88 411.63 412.38 413.13 08 .09 06 .07 Ms] mm. 375.71 376.46 377.2h 377.96 378.71 379.46 380.21 380.96 381.71 382.46 383.21 383.96 384.71 385.46 386.21 386.96 387.71 388.46 389.21 389.96 390.71 391.46 392.21 392.96 393.71 394.46 S95:21 395.96 396.71 397.46 398.21 398.96 399.71 400.46 401.21 401.96 402.71 403.46 404.21 404.96 405.71 406.46 407.21 407.96 408.71 409.46 410.21 410.96 411.71 412.46 413.21 TABLE 12 (CONTINUED) MILLIBARS TO MILLIMETERS OF MERCURY 1 millibar = 0.7500616 millimeter of mercury. bars 0 al mm. mm. 550 412.53 412.61 551 413.28 413.36 552 414.03 414.11 553 414.78 414.86 554 415.53 415.61 555 416.28 416.36 556 417.03 417.11 557 417.78 417.86 558 418.53 418.61 559 419.28 419.36 560 420.03 420.11 561 420.78 420.86 562 421.53 421.61 563 422.28 422.36 564 423.03 423,11 565 423.78 423.86 566 424.53 424.61 567 425.28 425.36 568 426.03 426.11 569 426.79 426.86 570 427.54 427.61 571 428.29 428.36 572 429.04 429.11 573 429.79 429.86 574 430.54 430.61 575 431.29 431.36 576 432.04 432.11 577 432.79 432.86 578 433.54 433.61 579 434.29 434.36 580 435.04 435.11 581 435.79 435.86 582 436.54 436.61 583 437.29 437.36 584 438.04 438.11 585 438.79 438.86 586 439.54 439.61 587 440.29 440.36 588 441.04 441.11 589 441.79 441.86 590 442.54 442.61 591 443.29 443.36 592 444.04 444.11 593 444.79 444.86 594 445.54 445.61 595 446.29 446.36 596 447.04 447.11 597 447.79 447.86 598 448.54 448.61 599 449.29 449.36 600 450.04 450.11 Proportional parts 2 mm. 412.68 413.43 414.18 414.93 415.68 416.43 417.18 417.93 418.68 419.43 420.18 420.93 421.68 422.43 423.18 423.93 424.68 425.43 426.18 426.94 427.69 428.44 429.19 429.94 430.69 431.44 432.19 432.94 433.69 434.44 435.19 435.94 436.69 437.44 438.19 438.94 439.69 440.44 441.19 441.94 442.69 443.44 444.19 444.94 445.69 446.44 447.19 447.94 448.69 449.44 450.19 mm. Hg. .01 3 mm. 412.76 413.51 414.26 415.01 415.76 416.51 417.26 418.01 418.76 419.51 420.26 421.01 421.76 422.51 423.26 424.01 424.76 425.51 426.26 427.01 427.76 428.51 429.26 430.01 430.76 431.51 432.26 433.01 433.76 434.51 435.26 436.01 436.76 437.51 438.26 439.01 439.76 440.51 441.26 442.01 442.76 443.51 444.26 445.01 445.76 446.51 447.26 448.01 448.76 449.51 450.26 mb SMITHSONIAN METEOROLOGICAL TABLES 4 mm, 412.83 413.58 414.33 415.08 415.83 416.58 417.33 418.08 418.83 419.58 420.33 421.08 421.83 422.58 423.33 424.08 424.83 425.58 426.34 427.09 427.84 428.59 429.34 430.09 430.84 431.59 432.34 450.34 (continued) 2 mm. 412.91 413.66 414.41 415.16 415.91 416.66 417.41 418.16 418.91 419.66 420.41 421.16 421.91 422.66 423.41 424.16 424.91 425.66 426.41 427.16 427.91 428.66 429.41 430.16 430.91 431.66 432.41 433.16 433.91 434.66 435.41 436.16 436.91 437.66 438.41 439.16 439.91 440.66 441.41 442.16 442.91 443.66 444.41 445.16 445.91 446.66 447.41 448.16 448.91 449.66 450.41 6 mm. 412.98 413.73 414.48 415.23 415.98 416.73 417.48 418.23 418.98 419.73 420.48 421.23 421.98 422.73 423.48 424.23 424.98 425.73 426.49 427.24 427.99 428.74 429.49 430.24 430.99 431.74 432.49 433.24 433.99 434.74 435.49 436.24 436.99 437.74 438.49 439.24 439.99 440.74 441.49 442.24 442.99 443.74 444.49 445.24 445.99 446.74 447.49 448.24 448.99 449.74 450.49 wenOliy 021.035 045 05) 06.:07 02 02.03 04 05 .05 61 62 TABLE 12 (CONTINUED) MILLIBARS TO MILLIMETERS OF MERCURY 1 millibar = 0.7500616 millimeter of mercury. bars 0 sil 2 3 4 a5 6 o7, mm. mm. mm. mm. mm, mm. mm. mm. 600 450.04 450.11 450.19 450.26 450.34 450.41 450.49 450.56 601 450.79 450.86 450.94 451.01 451.09 451.16 451.24 451.31 602 451.54 451.61 451.69 451.76 451.84 451.91 451.99 452.06 603 452.29 452.36 452.44 452.51 452.59 452.66 452.74 452.81 604 453.04 453.11 453.19 453.26 453.34 453.41 453.49 453.56 605 453.79 453.86 453.94 454.01 454.09 454.16 454.24 454.31 606 454.54 454.61 454.69 454.76 454.84 454.91 454.99 455.06 607 455.29 455.36 455.44 455.51 455.59 455.66 455.74 455.81 608 456.04 456.11 456.19 456.26 456.34 456.41 456.49 456.56 609 456.79 456.86 456.94 457.01 457.09 457.16 457.24 457.31 610 457.54 457.61 457.69 457.76 457.84 457.91 457.99 458.06 611 458.29 458.36 458.44 458.51 45859 458.66 458.74 458.81 612 459.04 459.11 459.19 459.26 459.34 459.41 459.49 459.56 613 459.79 459.86 459.94 460.01 460.09 460.16 460.24 460.31 614 460.54 460.61 460.69 460.76 460.84 460.91 460.99 461.06 615 461.29 461.36 461.44 461.51 461.59 461.66 461.74 461.81 616 462.04 462.11 462.19 462.26 462.34 462.41 462.49 462.56 617 462.79 462.86 462.94 463.01 463.09 463.16 463.24 463.31 618 463.54 463.61 463.69 463.76 463.84 463.91 463.99 464.06 619 464.29 464.36 464.44 464.51 464.59 464.66 464.74 464.81 620 465.04 465.11 465.19 465.26 465.34 465.41 465.49 465.56 621 465.79 465.86 465.94 466.01 466.09 466.16 466.24 466.31 622 466.54 466.61 466.69 466.76 466.84 466.91 466.99 467.06 623 467.29 467.36 467.44 467.51 467.59 467.66 467.74 467.81 624 468.04 468.11 468.19 468.26 46834 468.41 468.49 468.56 625 468.79 468.86 468.94 469.01 469.09 469.16 469.24 469.31 626 469.54 469.61 469.69 469.76 469.84 469.91 469.99 470.06 627 470.29 470.36 470.44 470.51 470.59 470.66 470.74 470.81 628 471.04 471.11 471.19 471.26 471.34 471.41 471.49 471.56 629 471.79 471.86 471.94 472.01 472.09 47216 472.24 472.31 630 472.54 472.61 472.69 472.76 472.84 472.91 472.99 473.06 631 473.29 473.36 473.44 473.51 473.59 473.66 473.74 473.81 632 474.04 474.11 474.19 474.26 474.34 474.41 474.49 474.56 633 474.79 474.86 474.94 475.01 475.09 475.16 475.24 475.31 634 475.54 475.61 475.69 475.76 475.84 475.91 475.99 476.06 635 476.29 476.36 476.44 476.51 476.59 476.66 476.74 476.81 636 477.04 477.11 477.19 477.26 477.34 477.41 477.49 477.56 637 477.79 477.86 477.94 478.01 478.09 478.16 478.24 478.31 638 478.54 478.61 478.69 478.76 47884 478.91 478.99 479.06 639 479.29 479.36 479.44 479.51 479.59 479.66 479.74 479.81 640 480.04 480.11 480.19 480.26 480.34 480.41 480.49 480.56 641 480.79 480.86 480.94 481.01 481.09 481.16 481.24 481.31 642 481.54 481.61 481.69 481.76 481.84 481.91 481.99 482.06 643 482.29 482.36 482.44 482.51 482.59 482.66 482.74 482.81 644 483.04 483.11 483.19 483.26 483.34 483.41 483.49 483.56 645 483.79 483.86 483.94 484.01 484.09 484.16 484.24 484.31 646 484.54 484.61 484.69 484.76 484.84 484.91 484.99 485.06 647 485.29 485.36 485.44 485.51 485.59 485.66 485.74 485.81 648 486.04 486.11 486.19 486.26 486.34 486.41 486.49 486.56 649 486.79 486.86 486.94 487.01 487.09 487.17 487.24 487.32 650 487.54 487.62 487.69 487.77 487.84 487.92 487.99 488.07 (continued ) mb. -.01,'.02°"03' 104 .05..06 1,07 mm. Hg. .01 .02 02 .03 .04 .05 .05 SMITHSONIAN METEOROLOGICAL TABLES Proportional parts TABLE 12 (CONTINUED) MILLIBARS TO MILLIMETERS OF MERCURY 1 millibar = 0.7500616 millimeter of mercury. bars 0 All mm. mm. 650 487.54 487.62 Proportional parts 2 mm. Hg. 3 mb SMITHSONIAN METEOROLOGICAL TABLES 4 mm. 487.84 488.59 489.34 490.09 490.84 491.59 492.34 493.09 493.84 494.59 495.34 496.09 496.84 525.34 (continued) J mm. 487.92 488.67 489.42 490.17 490.92 491.67 492.42 493.17 493.92 494.67 495.42 496.17 496.92 497.67 498.42 499.17 499.92 500.67 501.42 502.17 502.92 503.67 504.42 505.17 505.92 506.67 507.42 508.17 508.92 509.67 510.42 Sk17, 511.92 512.67 513.42 514.17 514.92 515.67 516.42 517.17 517.92 518.67 519.42 520.17 520.92 521.67 522.42 523.17 523.92 524.67 525.42 6 mm. 487.99 488.74 489.49 490.24 490.99 491.74 492.49 493.24 5) O08) 021203) 04, .05 514.32 515.07 515.82 516.57 517.32 518.07 518.82 519.57 520.32 521.07 521.82 522.57 523.32 524.07 524.82 525.57 06 .07 01 02 02003 04 05 .05 63 64 ma 0 mm, 700 525.04 701 825.79 702 526.54 703 27.29 704 528.04 705 528.79 706 529.54 707 830.29 708 531.04 709 531.79 710 532.84 711 $33.29 712 334.04 713 534.79 m4 a5 \S4 715 536.29 716 537.04 717 537.79 718 538.54 719 39.29 720 540.04 721 840.79 722 841.54 723 842.29 724 843.04 725 543.79 706 844,54 707 345.29 728 846.04 729 846.79 730 547.54 731 348.30 732 849.05 733 849.80 734 850.55 738 551.30 736 552.05 737 552.80 738 553.55 730 554.30 740 555.05 741 555.80 742 556.55 743 357.30 744 558.05 745 558.80 746 859.55 747 560.30 748 861.05 749 561.80 750 562.55 Proportional parts TABLE 12 (CONTINUED) MILLIBARS TO MILLIMETERS OF MERCURY 1 millibar = 0.7500616 millimeter of mercury. al mm. 525.12 525.87 526.62 527.37 528.12 528.87 529.62 530.37 pol IZ 531.87 532.62 SEBO 534.12 534.87 535.62 536.37 537.12 537.87 538.62 909:37 540.12 540.87 541.62 542.37 543.12 543.87 544.62 545.37 546.12 546.87 547.62 548.37 549.12 549.87 550.62 551.37 so2.12 552.87 553.62 554.37 555.12 555.87 556.62 557.37 558.12 558.87 559.62 560.37 561.12 561.87 562.62 Y mm. 525.19 525.94 526.69 527.44 528.19 528.94 529.69 530.44 531.19 531.94 532.69 533.44 534.19 534.94 535.69 536.44 537.19 537.94 538.69 539.44 540.19 540.94 541.69 542.44 543.19 543.94 544.69 545.44 546.19 546.94 547.69 548.45 549.20 549.95 550.70 551.45 552.20 552.95 553.70 554.45 555.20 599.99 556.70 557.45 558.20 558.95 559.70 560.45 561.20 561.95 562.70 a) mm. 525.27 526.02 526.77 527.52 528.27 529.02 529.77 530.52 pole2/ 532.02 532.77 533.52 534.27 535.02 535.77 536.52 537.27 538.02 538.77 539.52 540.27 541.02 541.77 542.52 543.27 544.02 544.77 545.52 546.27 547.02 547.77 548.52 549.27 550.02 550.77 351-52 $52.27 553.02 553.77 554.52 555.27 556.02 556.77 557.52 558.27 559.02 559.77 560.52 561.27 562.02 562.77 (continued) mb. mm. Hg. SMITHSONIAN METEOROLOGICAL TABLES 4 mm. 525.34 526.09 526.84 527.59 528.34 529.09 529.84 530.59 531.34 532.09 532.84 533.59 534.34 535.09 535.84 536.59 537.34 538.09 538.84 539.59 540.34 541.09 541.84 542.59 543.34 544.09 544.84 545.59 546.34 547.09 547.84 548.60 549.35 550.10 550.85 551.60 SESS) 553.10 553.85 554.60 555.35 556.10 556.85 557.60 558.35 559.10 559.85 560.60 561.35 562.10 562.85 01 .02 01 .02 ©) mm. 525.42 526.17 526.92 527.67 528.42 529117 529.92 530.67 531.42 DOLA7 532/92 533.67 534.42 5Sa.17 535.92 536.67 537.42 538.17 538.92 539.67 540.42 541.17 941.92 542.67 543.42 544.17 544.92 545.67 546.42 547.17 547.92 548.67 549.42 550.17 550.92 551.67 552.42 553.17 553.92 554.67 555.42 556.17 556.92 557.67 558.42 559.17 559.92 560.67 561.42 562.17 562.92 6 mm. 525.49 526.24 526.99 527.74 528.49 529.24 529.99 530.74 531.49 532.24 532.99 533.74 534.49 535.24 535.99 536.74 537.49 538.24 538.99 539.74 540.49 541.24 541.99 542.74 543.49 544.24 544.99 545.74 546.49 547.24 548.00 548.75 549.50 550.25 551.00 SSICZ5 552.50 553.25 554.00 554.75 555.50 556.25 557.00 EVA) 558.50 559.25 560.00 560.75 561.50 562.25 563.00 a mm. BZ 5.07 526.32 527.07 527.82 528.57 529.32 530.07 530.82 961.57 532.32 533.07 533.82 534.57 535.32 536.07 536.82 537.57 538.32 539.07 539.82 540.57 541.32 542.07 542.82 543.57 544.32 545.07 545.82 546.57 547.32 548.07 548.82 549.57 550.32 551.07 551.82 552.57 Do0:02 554.07 554.82 555.57 556.32 557.07 557.82 558.57 559.32 560.07 560.82 561.57 562.32 563.07 103.204 .05).06)),:07, 02 03 04 *105 "05 TABLE 12 (CONTINUED) MILLIBARS TO MILLIMETERS OF MERCURY 1 millibar = 0.7500616 millimeter of mercury. ey ee a) Me es Oe Ce Sut’, mm. mm. mm. mm. mm, mm. mm. mm, 750 562.55 562.62 562.70 562.77 562.85 562.92 563.00 563.07 751 563.30 563.37 563.45 563.52 563.60 563.67 563.75 563.82 752 564.05 564.12 564.20 564.27 564.35 564.42 564.50 564.57 753 564.80 564.87 564.95 565.02 565.10 565.17 565.25 565.32 754 565.55 565.62 565.70 565.77 565.85 565.92 566.00 566.07 755 566.30 566.37 566.45 566.52 566.60 566.67 566.75 566.82 756 567.05 567.12 567.20 567.27 567.35 567.42 567.50 567.57 757 567.80 567.87 567.95 568.02 568.10 568.17 568.25 568.32 758 568.55 568.62 568.70 568.77 568.85 568.92 569.00 569.07 759 569.30 569.37 569.45 569.52 569.60 569.67 569.75 569.82 760 570.05 570.12 570.20 570.27 570.35 570.42 570.50 570.57 761 A080 pree7 0709597102 (521.00) 57117 571225 571,32 762 S/1-90 ) OALOZ 0/170 57177 S71-85) | 7 571-92 «1572.00 (1572'07 763 542.50 2072.07 D1Z40 . 972.02 972.00, 31572.67 572-79 > S1Z:82 764 B7005 W7I12 "S73:20 57327 57335, 973-42 1573.50 57357 765 573.80 573.87 573.95 574.02 574.10 574.17 574.25 574.32 766 574.55 574.62 574.70 574.77 574.85 574.92 575.00 575.07 767 5L5.50 (970:07 01940» S402 SL9.00. 579107 1929/5 5 OT 0:82 768 576.05 576.12 576.20 576.27 576.35 576.42 576.50 576.57 769 576:80 "576.87 576.95 5/702 $7710 $77.17 57725 577.32 770 B/7209 « 021.02 - 547-40 S777 S77.85. 577.92 © 578:00..:578.07 771 578.30 578.37 578.45 578.52 578.60 578.67 578.75 578.82 772 SAD 7912 ~.579:20 579.27 579.35 579,42", 57950 579.57 773 579.80 579.87 579.95 580.02 580.10 580.17 580.25 580.32 774 580.55 580.62 580.70 580.77 580.85 580.92 581.00 581.07 775 581.30 581.37 581.45 581.52 581.60 581.67 581.75 581.82 776 582.05 582.12 582.20 582.27 582.35 582.42 582.50 582.57 777 502.80 ; 962.67 582.95 583.02 583.10 | 583.17 583.25 , 583.32 778 583.55 583.62 583.70 583.77 583.85 583.92 584.00 584.07 779 584.30 584.37 584.45 584.52 584.60 584.67 584.75 584.82 780 585.05 585.12 585.20 585.27 585.35 585.42 585.50 585.57 781 585.80 585.87 585.95 586.02 586.10 586.17 586.25 586.32 782 586.55 586.62 586.70 586.77 586.85 586.92 587.00 587.07 783 587.30 587.37 587.45 587.52 587.60 587.67 587.75 587.82 784 588.05 588.12 588.20 588.27 588.35 588.42 588.50 588.57 785 588.80 588.87 588.95 589.02 589.10 589.17 589.25 589.32 786 589.55 589.62 589.70 589.77 589.85 589.92 590.00 590.07 787 590.30 590.37 590.45 590.52 590.60 590.67 590.75 590.82 788 591.05 > S9F12 591-20 /591:27 59135. 591-42 . 591.50 © 591.57 789 591-80 “S91:87 “S91:95 7592.02 59210° 592.17 °°'S92:25 $92.32 790 592.55 592.62 592.70 592.77 592.85 592.92 593.00 593.07 791 593.30 - 593.37 593.45 593.52 593.60. 593.67 593.75 593.82 792 594.05 594.12 594.20 594.27 594.35 594.42 594.50 594.57 793 594.80 594.87 594.95 595.02 595.10 595.17 595.25 595.32 794 595.55 595.62 595.70 595.77 595.85 — 595.92 596.00 596.07 795 596.30 596.37 596.45 596.52 596.60 596.67 596.75 596.82 796 597.05 597.12 597.20 597.27 597.35 597.42 597.50 597.57 797 597.80 597.87 597.95 598.02 598.10 598.17 598.25 598.32 798 598.55 598.62 598.70 598.77 598.85 598.92 599.00 599.07 799 599.30 599.37 599.45 599.52 599.60 599.67 599.75 599.82 800 600.05 600.12 600.20 600.27 600.35 600.42 600.50 600.57 (continued) hl) 202703 104 d05vil0s hoz Proportional parts = iam He .01 02 02 03 .04 .05 .05 SMITHSONIAN METEOROLOGICAL TABLES 66 eee 0 mm, 800 600.05 801 600.80 802 601.55 803 602.30 804 603.05 805 603.80 806 604.55 807 605.30 808 606.05 809 606.80 810 607.55 811 608.30 812 609.05 813 609:80 814 610.55 815 611.30 816 612.05 817 612.80 818 613.55 819 614.30 820 615.05 821 615.80 822 616.55 823 617.30 824 618.05 825 618.80 826 619.55 827 620.30 828 621.05 829 621.80 830 622.55 831 623.30 832 624.05 833 624.80 834 625.55 835 626.30 836 627.05 837 627.80 838 628.55 839 629.30 840 630.05 841 630.80 842 631.55 843 632.30 844 633.05 845 633,80 846 634.55 847 635.30 848 636.05 849 636.80 850 637.55 Proportional parts TABLE 12 (CONTINUED) MILLIBARS TO MILLIMETERS OF MERCURY 1 millibar = 0.7500616 millimeter of mercury. a! mm. 600.12 600.87 601.62 2 mm. 600.20 600.95 601.70 602.45 3 4 mm. mm. 600.27 600.35 601.02 601.10 601.77 601.85 602.52 602.60 603.27 603.35 604.02 604.10 604.77 604.85 605.52 605.60 606.27 606.35 607.02 607.10 607.77 607.85 608.52 608.60 609.28 609.35 610.03 610.10 610.78 610.85 611.53 611.60 612.28 612.35 613.03 613.10 613.78 613.85 614.53 614.60 615.28 615.35 616.03 616.10 616.78 616.85 617.53 617.60 618.28 618.35 619.03 619.10 619.78 619.85 620.53 620.60 621.28 621.35 622.03 622.10 622.78 622.85 623.53 623.60 624.28 624.35 625.03 625.10 625.78 625.85 626.53 626.60 627.28 627.35 628.03 628.10 628.78 628.85 629.53 629.60 630.28 630.35 631.03 631.10 631.78 631.85 632.53 632.60 633.28 633.35 634.03 634.10 634.78 634.85 635.53 635.60 636.28 636.35 637.03 637.10 637.78 637.85 (continued) 5 6 mm. 600.50 601.25 602.00 602.75 603.50 604.25 605.00 605.75 606.50 607.25 608.00 608.75 609.50 610.25 611.00 611.75 612.50 613.25 614.00 614.75 615.50 616.25 617.00 617.75 618.50 619.25 620.00 620.75 621.50 622.25 623.00 623.75 624.50 625.25 626.00 626.75 627.50 628.25 629.00 629.75 630.50 631.25 632.00 632.75 633.50 634.25 635.00 635.75 636.50 637.25 638.00 mb. .01 .02 .03 .04 .05 mm. Hg.) '.01).027 02) 03) 043005) 405 SMITHSONIAN METEOROLOGICAL TABLES of mm. 600.57 601.32 602.07 602.82 603.57 604.32 605.07 605.82 606.57 607.32 608.07 608.82 609.58 610.33 611.08 611.83 612.58 613.33 614.08 614.83 615.58 616.33 617.08 617.83 618.58 619.33 620.08 620.83 621.58 622.33 623.08 623.83 624.58 625.33 626.08 626.83 627.58 628.33 629.08 629.83 630.58 631.33 632.08 632.83 633.58 634.33 635.08 635.83 636.58 637.33 638.08 06 .07 8 mm. 600.65 601.40 602.15 602.90 603.65 604.40 605.15 605.90 606.65 607.40 608.15 608.90 609.65 610.40 611.15 611.90 612.65 613.40 614.15 614.90 615.65 616.40 617.15 617.90 618.65 619.40 620.15 620.90 621.65 622.40 623.15 623.90 624.65 625.40 626.15 626.90 627.65 628.40 629.15 629.90 630.65 631.40 632.15 632.90 633.65 634.40 635.15 635.90 636.65 637.40 638.15 08 .09 06 .07 oO mm. 600.72 601.47 602.22 602.97 603.72 604.47 605.22 605.97 606.72 607.47 608.22 608.98 609.73 610.48 611.23 611.98 612.73 613.48 614.23 614.98 615.73 616.48 617.23 617.98 618.73 619.48 620.23 620.98 621.73 622.48 623.23 623.98 624.73 625.48 626.23 626.98 627.73 628.48 629.23 629.98 630.73 631.48 632.23 632.98 633.73 634.48 635.23 635.98 636.73 637.48 638.23 TABLE 12 (CONTINUED) MILLIBARS TO MILLIMETERS OF MERCURY 1 millibar = 0.7500616 millimeter of mercury. Cs a eS am Cy a 7 mm. mm. mm. mm. mmm mm. mm. mm. 850 637.55 637.63 637.70 637.78 637.85 637.93 638.00 638.08 851 638.30 638.38 638.45 638.53 638.60 638.68 638.75 638.83 852 639.05 639.13 639.20 639.28 639.35 639.43 639.50 639.58 853 639.80 639.88 639.95 640.03 640.10 640.18 640.25 640.33 854 640.55 640.63 640.70 640.78 640.85 640.93 641.00 641.08 855 641.30 641.38 641.45 641.53 641.60 641.68 641.75 641.83 856 642.05 642.13 642.20 642.28 642.35 642.43 642.50 642.58 857 642.80 642.88 642.95 643.03 643.10 643.18 643.25 643.33 858 643.55 643.63 643.70 643.78 643.85 643.93 644.00 644.08 859 644.30 644.38 644.45 644.53 644.60 644.68 644.75 644.83 860 645.05 645.13 645.20 645.28 645.35 645.43 645.50 645.58 861 645.80 645.88 645.95 646.03 646.10 646.18 646.25 646.33 862 646.55 646.63 646.70 646.78 646.85 646.93 647.00 647.08 863 647.30 647.38 647.45 647.53 647.60 647.68 647.75 647.83 864 648.05 648.13 648.20 648.28 648.35 648.43 648.50 648.58 865 648.80 648.88 648.95 649.03 649.10 649.18 649.25 649.33 866 649.55 649.63 649.70 649.78 649.85 649.93 650.00 650.08 867 650.30 650.38 650.45 650.53 650.60 650.68 650.75 650.83 868 651.05 651.13 651.20 651.28 651.35 651.43 651.50 651.58 869 651.80 651.88 651.95 652.03 652.10 652.18 652.25 652.33 870 652.55 652.63 652.70 652.78 652.85 652.93 653.00 653.08 871 653.30 653.38 653.45 653.53 653.60 653.68 653.75 653.83 872 654.05 654.13 654.20 654.28 654.35 654.43 654.50 654.58 873 654.80 654.88 654.95 655.03 655.10 655.18 655.25 655.33 874 655.55 655.63 655.70 655.78 655.85 655.93 656.00 656.08 875 656.30 656.38 656.45 656.53 656.60 656.68 656.75 656.83 876 657.05 657.13 657.20 657.28 657.35 657.43 657.50 657.58 877 657.80 657.88 657.95 658.03 658.10 658.18 658.25 658.33 878 658.55 658.63 658.70 658.78 658.85 658.93 659.00 659.08 879 659.30 659.38 659.45 659.53 659.60 659.68 659.75 659.83 880 660.05 660.13 660.20 660.28 660.35 660.43 660.50 660.58 881 660.80 660.88 660.95 661.03 661.10 661.18 661.25 661.33 882 661.55 661.63 661.70 661.78 661.85 661.93 662.00 662.08 883 662.30 662.38 662.45 662.53 662.60 662.68 662.75 662.83 884 663.05 663.13 663.20 663.28 663.35 663.43 663.50 663.58 885 663.80 663.88 663.95 664.03 664.10 664.18 664.25 664.33 886 664.55 664.63 664.70 664.78 664.85 664.93 665.00 665.08 887 665.30 665.38 665.45 665.53 665.60 665.68 665.75 665.83 888 666.05 666.13 666.20 666.28 666.35 666.43 666.50 666.58 889 666.80 666.88 666.95 667.03 667.10 667.18 667.25 667.33 890 667.55 667.63 667.70 667.78 667.85 667.93 668.00 668.08 891 668.30 668.38 668.45 668.53 668.60 668.68 668.75 668.83 892 669.05 669.13 669.20 669.28 669.35 669.43 669.50 669.58 893 669.81 669.88 669.96 670.03 670.11 670.18 670.26 670.33 894 670.56 670.63 670.71 670.78 670.86 670.93 671.01 671.08 895 671.31 671.38 671.46 671.53 671.61 671.68 671.76 671.83 896 672.06 672.13 672.21 672.28 672.36 672.43 672.51 672.58 897 672.81 672.88 672.96 673.03 673.11 673.18 673.26 673.33 898 673.56 673.63 673.71 673.78 673.86 673.93 674.01 674.08 899 674.31 674.38 674.46 674.53 674.61 674.68 674.76 674.83 900 675.06 675.13 675.21 675.28 675.36 675.43 675.51 675.58 (continued) fab. S01 (202 03 04 05 . 06) 0718 mm, Hg. 01 02 02 03 04 05 05.: SMITHSONIAN METEOROLOGICAL TABLES Proportional parts 68 pes 0 mm, 900 675.06 901 67581 902 676.56 903. 67731 904 678.06 905 678.81 906 679.56 907 680.31 908 681.06 909 681.81 910 682.56 O11 683.31 912 684.06 813 684.81 914 685.56 915 686.31 916 687.06 017 68781 918 688.56 919 689.31 920 690.06 921 690.81 922 691.56 923 692.31 924 693.06 925 693.81 926 694.56 027 «695.31 628 696.06 929 696.81 930 697.56 931 698.31 932 699.06 933 699.81 934 700.56 935 701.31 936 702106 937. 702.81 938 703.56 930 704.31 940 705.06 941 705.81 942 706.56 943 70731 944 708106 945 70881 946 709.56 047 710.31 948 711.06 949 71181 950 712.56 TABLE 12 (CONTINUED) MILLIBARS TO MILLIMETERS OF MERCURY 1 millibar = 0.7500616 millimeter of mercury. al mm. 675.13 675.88 676.63 677.38 678.13 678.88 679.63 680.38 681.13 681.88 682.63 683.38 684.13 684.88 685.63 686.38 687.13 687.88 688.63 689.38 690.13 690.88 691.63 692.38 693.13 693.88 694.63 695.38 - 696.13 696.88 697.63 698.38 699.13 699.88 700.63 701.38 702.13 702.88 703.63 704.38 705.13 705.88 706.63 707.38 708.13 708.88 709.63 710.38 711.13 711.88 712.63 ‘2 mm. 675.21 675.96 676.71 677.46 678.21 678.96 679.71 680.46 681.21 681.96 682.71 683.46 684.21 684.96 685.71 686.46 687.21 687.96 688.71 689.46 690.21 690.96 691.71 692.46 693.21 693.96 694.71 695.46 696.21 696.96 697.71 698.46 699.21 699.96 700.71 701.46 702.21 702.96 703.71 704.46 705.21 705.96 706.71 707.46 708.21 708.96 709.71 710.46 711.21 711.96 712.71 Proportional parts 3 4 mm. mm. 675.28 675.36 676.03 676.11 676.78 676.86 677.53 677.61 678.28 678.36 679.03 679.11 679.78 679.86 680.53 680.61 681.28 681.36 682.03 682.11 682.78 682.86 683.53 683.61 684.28 684.36 685.03 685.11 685.78 685.86 686.53 686.61 687.28 687.36 688.03 688.11 688.78 688.86 689.53 689.61 690.28 690.36 691.03 691.11 691.78 691.86 692.53 692.61 693.28 693.36 694.03 694.11 694.78 694.86 695.53 695.61 696.28 696.36 697.03 697.11 697.78 697.86 698.53 698.61 699.28 699.36 700.03 700.11 700.78 700.86 701.53 701.61 702.28 702.36 703.03 703.11 703.78 703.86 704.53 704.61 705.28 705.36 706.03 706.11 706.78 706.86 707.53 707.61 708.28 708.36 709.03 709.11 709.78 709.86 710.53 710.61 711.28 711.36 712.03 712.11 712.78 712.86 (continued) & mm. 675.43 676.18 676.93 677.68 678.43 679.18 679.93 680.68 681.43 682.18 682.93 683.68 684.43 685.18 685.93 686.68 687.43 688.18 688.93 689.68 690.43 691.18 691.93 692.68 693.43 694.18 694.93 695.68 696.43 697.18 697.93 698.68 699.43 700.18 700.93 701.68 702.43 703.18 703.93 704.68 705.43 706.18 706.93 707.68 708.43 709.18 709.93 710.68 711.43 712.18 712.93 6 mm. 675.51 676.26 677.01 677.76 678.51 679.26 680.01 680.76 681.51 682.26 683.01 683.76 684.51 685.26 686.01 686.76 687.51 688.26 689.01 689.76 690.51 691.26 692.01 692.76 693.51 694.26 695.01 695.76 696.51 697.26 698.01 698.76 699.51 700.26 701.01 701.76 702.51 703.26 704.01 704.76 705.51 706.26 707.01 707.76 708.51 709.26 710.01 710.76 711.51 712.26 713.01 709.33 710.08 710.83 711.58 712.33 713.08 mb. 201 102° 4208. 04 .05. 06) .07 mm, Hig. 01 1.02 ..4.02 20304 05: 05 SMITHSONIAN METEOROLOGICAL TABLES TABLE 12 (CONTINUED) MILLIBARS TO MILLIMETERS OF MERCURY 1 millibar = 0.7500616 millimeter of mercury. mn 0 il ‘2 3 4 mm. mm. 712.78 712.86 713.53 713.61 714.28 714.36 71503 795.11 715.78 715.86 716.53 716.61 717.28 717.36 718.03 718.11 718.78 718.86 71953 719.61 720.28 720.36 72u03 720i 721.78 721.86 722.53 722.61 723.28 723.36 724.03 724.11 724.78 724.86 728:53 725.61 726.28 726.36 727.03 727.11 727.78 727.86 728.53 728.61 729.28 729.36 730.03 730.11 730.79 730.86 731.54 731.61 732.29 732.36 733.04 733.11 733.79 733.86 734.54 734.61 735.29 735.36 736.04 736.11 736.79 736.86 737.54 737.61 738.29 738.36 739.04 739.11 739.79 739.86 740.54 740.61 741.29 741.36 742.04 742.11 742.79 742.86 743.54 743.61 744.29 744.36 745.04 745.11 745.79 745.86 746.54 746.61 747.29 747.36 748.04 748.11 748.79 748.86 749.54 749.61 750.29 750.36 (continued) mb. .01 .02 .03 =) mm. 712.93 713.68 714.43 715.18 715.93 716.68 717.43 718.18 718.93 719.68 720.43 721.18 721.93 722.68 723.43 724.18 724.93 725.68 726.43 727.18 727.93 04 6 mm. 713.01 713.76 714.51 715.26 716.01 716.76 717.51 718.26 719.01 719.76 720.51 721.26 722.01 722.76 723.51 724.26 725.01 725.76 726.51 727.26 728.01 728.76 729.51 730.26 731.01 731.76 732.51 733.26 734.01 734.76 735.51 736.26 737.01 737.76 738.51 739.26 740.01 740.76 741.51 742.26 743.01 743.76 744.51 745.26 746.01 746.76 747.51 748.26 749.01 749.76 750.51 05 731.84 732.59 733.34 734.09 734.84 735.59 736.34 737.09 737.84 738.59 739.34 740.09 740.84 741.59 742.34 743.09 743.84 744.59 745.34 746.09 746.84 747.59 748.34 749.09 749.84 750.59 06 .07 Proportional parts mm Hg. .01 .02 02 03 .04 .05 .05 SMITHSONIAN METEOROLOGICAL TABLES 69 70 illi- au 0 mm. 1000 750.06 1001 750.81 1002 751.56 1003 752.31 1004 753.06 1005 753.81 1006 754.56 1007 75S) 1008 756.06 1009 756.81 1010 757.56 1011 758.31 1012 759.06 1013 759.81 1014 760.56 1015 761.31 1016 762.06 1017 762.81 1018 763.56 1019 764.31 1020 765.06 1021 765.81 1022 766.56 1023 767.31 1024 768.06 1025 768.81 1026 769.56 1027 770.31 1028 771.06 1029 771.81 1030 772.56 1031 773.31 1032 774.06 1033 774.81 1034 775.56 1035 776.31 1036 777.06 1037 777.81 1038 778.56 1039 779.31 1040 780.06 1041 780.81 1042 781.56 1043 782.31 1044 783.06 1045 783.81 1046 784.56 1047 785.31 1048 786.06 1049 786.81 1050 787.56 Proportional parts TABLE 12 (CONTINUED) MILLIBARS TO MILLIMETERS OF MERCURY 1 millibar = 0.7500616 millimeter of mercury. el mm. 750.14 750.89 751.64 752.39 753.14 753.89 754.64 755.39 756.14 756.89 757.64 758.39 759.14 759.89 760.64 761.39 762.14 762.89 763.64 764.39 765.14 765.89 766.64 767.39 768.14 768.89 769.64 770.39 771.14 771.89 772.64 773.39 774.14 774.89 775.64 776.39 777.14 777.89 778.64 779.39 780.14 780.89 781.64 782.39 783.14 783.89 784.64 785.39 786.14 786.89 787.64 2 mm. 750.21 750.96 751.71 752.46 753.21 753.96 754.71 755.46 756.21 756.96 757.71 758.46 759.21 759.96 760.71 761.46 762.21 762.96 763.71 764.46 765.21 765.96 766.71 767.46 768.21 768.96 769.71 770.46 771.21 771.96 772.71 773.46 774.21 774.96 775.71 776.46 777.21 777.96 778.71 779.46 780.21 780.96 781.71 782.46 783.21 783.96 784.71 785.46 786.21 786.96 787.71 5] mm. 750.29 751.04 724.79 752.54 753.29 754.04 754.79 755.54 756.29 757.04 757.79 758.54 759.29 760.04 760.79 761.54 762.29 763.04 763.79 764.54 765.29 766.04 766.79 767.54 768.29 769.04 769.79 770.54 771.29 772.04 772.79 773.54 774.29 775.04 775.79 776.54 777.29 778.04 778.79 779.54 780.29 781.04 781.79 782.54 783.29 784.04 784.79 785.54 786.29 787.04 787.79 (continued) mb. mm. Hg. .01 SMITHSONIAN METEOROLOGICAL TABLES 4 mm. 750.36 751.11 751.86 752.61 753.36 754.11 754.86 755.61 756.36 750A 757.86 758.61 759.36 760.11 760.86 761.61 762.36 763.11 763.86 764.61 765.36 766.11 766.86 767.61 768.36 769.11 769.86 770.61 771.36 772.11 772.86 773.61 774.36 775.11 775.86 776.61 777.36 778.11 778.86 779.61 780.36 781.11 781.86 782.61 783.36 784.11 784.86 785.61 786.36 787.11 787.86 is) mm. 750.44 751.19 751.94 752.69 753.44 754.19 754.94 755.69 756.44 757.19 757.94 758.69 759.44 760.19 760.94 761.69 762.44 763.19 763.94 764.69 765.44 766.19 766.94 767.69 768.44 769.19 769.94 770.69 771.44 772.19 772.94 773.69 774.44 775.19 775.94 776.69 777.44 778.19 778.94 779.69 780.44 781.19 781.94 782.69 783.44 784.19 784.94 785.69 786.44 787.19 787.94 6 mm. 750.51 751.26 752.01 752.76 753.51 754.26 755.01 755.76 756.51 757.26 758.01 758.76 759.51 760.26 761.01 761.76 762.51 763.26 764.01 764.76 765.51 766.26 767.01 767.76 768.51 769.26 770.01 770.76 771.51 772.26 773.01 773.76 774.51 775.26 776.01 776.76 777.51 778.26 779.01 779.76 780.51 781.26 782.01 782.76 783.51 784.26 785.01 785.76 786.51 787.26 788.01 01 02 03 .04 .05 788.09 06 .07 02 02 03 .04 .05 .05 bars 0 mm. 1050 787.56 1051 788.31 1052 789.06 1053 789.81 1054 790.56 1055 791.31 1056 792.07 1057 792.82 1058 793.57 1059 794.32 1060 795.07 1061 795.82 1062 796.57 1063 797.32 1064 798.07 1065 798.82 1066 799.57 1067 800.32 1068 801.07 1069 801.82 1070 802.57 1071 803.32 1072 804.07 1073 804.82 1074 805.57 1075 806.32 1076 807.07 1077 807.82 1078 808.57 1079 809.32 1080 810.07 1081 810.82 1082 811.57 1083 812.32 1084 813.07 1085 813.82 1086 814.57 1087 815.32 1088 816.07 1089 816.82 1090 817.57 1091 818.32 1092 819.07 1093 819.82 1094 820.57 1095 821.32 1096 822.07 1097 822.82 1098 823.57 1099 824.32 1100 825.07 Proportional parts TABLE 12 (CONCLUDED) MILLIBARS TO MILLIMETERS OF MERCURY 1 millibar = 0.7500616 millimeter of mercury. a mm. 787.64 788.39 789.14 789.89 790.64 791.39 792.14 792.89 793.64 794.39 795.14 795.89 796.64 797.39 798.14 798.89 799.64 800.39 801.14 801.89 802.64 803.39 804.14 804.89 805.64 806.39 807.14 807.89 808.64 809.39 810.14 2 mm. 787.71 788.46 789.21 789.96 790.71 791.46 792.22 792.97 793.72 794.47 795.22 795.97 796.72 797.47 798.22 798.97 799.72 800.47 801.22 801.97 802.72 803.47 804.22 804.97 805.72 806.47 807.22 807.97 808.72 809.47 810.22 810.97 811.72 812.47 813.22 813.97 814.72 815.47 816.22 816.97 817.72 818.47 819.22 819.97 820.72 821.47 822.22 822.97 823.72 824.47 825.22 3 mm. 787.79 788.54 789.29 790.04 790.79 791.54 792.29 793.04 793.79 794.54 795.29 796.04 796.79 797.54 798.29 799.04 799.79 800.54 801.29 802.04 802.79 803.54 804.29 805.04 805.79 806.54 807.29 808.04 808.79 809.54 810.29 811.04 811.79 812.54 813.29 814.04 814.79 815.54 816.29 817.04 817.79 818.54 819.29 820.04 820.79 821.54 822.29 823.04 823.79 824.54 825.29 mb. mm. Hg. SMITHSONIAN METEOROLOGICAL TABLES 4 mm. 787.86 788.61 789.36 790.11 790.86 791.62 792.37 793.12 793.87 794.62 795.37 796.12 796.87 797.62 798.37 799.12 799.87 800.62 801.37 802.12 802.87 803.62 804.37 805.12 805.87 806.62 807.37 808.12 808.87 809.62 810.37 811.12 811.87 812.62 813.37 814.12 814.87 815.62 816.37 817.12 817.87 818.62 819.37 820.12 820.87 821.62 822.37 823.12 823.87 824.62 825.37 5 mim. 787.94 788.69 789.44 790.19 790.94 791.69 792.44 793.19 793.94 794.69 795.44 796.19 796.94 797.69 798.44 799.19 799.94 800.69 801.44 802.19 802.94 803.69 804.44 805.19 805.94 806.69 807.44 808.19 808.94 809.69 810.44 811.19 811.94 812.69 813.44 814.19 814.94 815.69 816.44 817.19 817.94 818.69 819.44 820.19 820.94 821.69 822.44 823.19 823.94 824.69 825.44 6 mm. 788.01 788.76 789.51 790.26 791.01 791.77 792.52 793.27 794.02 794.77 795.52 796.27 797.02 797.77 798.52 799.27 825.52 OReO27).03 04 05 G1) 302).02 03.04 05. 205 7 mm. 788.09 788.84 789.59 790.34 791.09 791.84 792.59 793.34 794.09 794.84 795.59 796.34 797.09 797.84 798.59 799.34 800.09 800.84 801.59 802.34 803.09 803.84 804.59 805.34 806.09 806.84 807.59 808.34 809.09 809.84 810.59 811.34 812.09 812.84 813.59 814.34 815.09 815.84 816.59 817.34 818.09 818.84 819.59 820.34 821.09 821.84 822.59 823.34 824.09 824.84 825.59 06 :07 71 72 TABLE 13 INCHES TO MILLIMETERS Inches 0.00 0.01 0.02 0.03 0.04 mm, mm. mm. mm. mm, 0.00 0.00 0.25 0.51 0.76 1.02 0.10 2.54 2.79 3.05 3.30 3.56 0.20 5.08 5.33 5.59 5.84 6.10 0.30 7.62 7.87 8.13 8.38 8.64 0.40 101620041 10167 0192 S1L18 0.50 F270 AZOSY, AS 21 S46 / O1372 0.60 15-249 995-4992 15.75" 116:00., \46:26 0.70 17.78 18.03 18.29 1854 18.80 0.80 20.32 20.57 20.83 21.08 21.34 0.90 PANS PG ZR BY, PEGS Paiste) 1.00 25A0 ne 2 5105ee 25 126.16) 820742 1.10 ZIGA ZS 19W 9Z8:450 26.70) 28:96 1.20 30.48 30.73 30.99 31.24 31.50 1.30 331020 33:27" 35:53)) O3:78 134.04 1.40 351560 S5-8lun 180.07 136:32) 36:58 1.50 38.10. 38.35 3861 38.86 39.12 1.60 40.64 40.89 41.15 41.40 41.66 1.70 43.18 43.43 43.69 43.94 44.20 1.80 45.72 45.97 46.23 46.48 46.74 1.90 48.26 48.51 48.77 49.02 49.28 2.00 SOOM MS OSe Ses S156 = B51e82 2.10 ISAS DO DS eo 54510) 54:36 2.20 55.88 5613 56.39 56.64 56.90 2.30 58.42 58.67 58.93 59.18 59.44 2.40 GO967OlZ1GN 61:47 6li72) Vole9s 2.50 63.50 63.75 64.01 64.26 64.52 2.60 66.04 66.29 66.55 66.80 67.06 2.70 68.58 68.83 69.09 69.34 69.60 2.80 2 ES Ze ALLO See ESS.) a A214 2.90 7366 73:91" J4:17" (74:42 74:68 3.00 762045) 1765719887696 A722 3.10 78.74 78.99 79.25 79.50 79.76 3.20 81.28 81.53 81.79 82.04 82.30 3.30 83.82 84.07 8433 8458 84.84 3.40 86.36 86.61 86.87 87.12 87.38 3.50 88.90 89.15 89.41 89.66 89.92 3.60 91.44 9169 91.95 9220 92.46 3.70 93.98 9423 9449 94.74 95.00 3.80 96.52 96.77 97.03 97.28 97.54 3.90 99.06 99.31 99.57 99.82 100.08 4.00 101.60 101.85 102.11 102.36 102.62 4.10 104.14 104.39 104.65 104.90 105.16 4.20 106.68 106.93 107.19 107.44 107.70 4.30 109.22 109.47 109.73 109.98 110.24 4.40 WTE76P 11201 SATA 27252 12878 4.50 114.30 114.55 114.81 115.06 115.32 4.60 116.84 117.09 117.35 117.60 117.86 4.70 119.38 119.63 119.89 120.14 120.40 4.80 121292 12217'1122:43 "122168 © 1122:94 4.90 124.46 124.71 124.97 125.22 125.48 5.00 127.00 127.25 127.51 127.76 128.02 (continued) : in. .001 .002 .003 Proportional parts tie 03 UR Mae 1 inch = 25.4 millimeters SMITHSONIAN METEOROLOGICAL TABLES 0:05 70:06 ~ 10:07 mm. mm. mm. 1.27 1.52 1.78 3.81 406 4.32 004 005 .006 .007 Owl Sen) toe ete Inches 5.00 5.10 ow oo SS858 82388 SEREB SBsaE SERBS ooo oo°o°ooeo Coo SID) U1 OOD 010101010 |.M.00G000 G009G000 NININNINS NININNNIE ADAAN ADAAKH uM oo oo°o°Cco Ss NAM BRONHHO i=) 0.00 mm. 127.00 129.54 132.08 134.62 137.16 139.70 142.24 144.78 147.32 149.86 152.40 154.94 157.48 160.02 162.56 165.10 167.64 170.18 W272 175.26 177.80 180.34 182.88 185.42 187.96 190.50 193.04 195.58 198.12 200.66 203.20 205.74 208.28 210.82 213.36 215.90 218.44 220.98 22a 52 226.06 228.60 231.14 233.68 236.22 238.76 241.30 243.84 246.38 248.92 251.46 254.00 0.01 mm. 127.25 129.79 132.33 134.87 137.41 139.95 142.49 145.03 147.57 150.11 152.65 155.19 157.73 160.27 162.81 165.35 167.89 170.43 172.97 7S58 178.05 180.59 183.13 185.67 188.21 190.75 193.29 195.83 198.37 200.91 203.45 205.99 208.53 211.07 213.61 216.15 218.69 221.23 223.77 226.31 228.85 231.39 233.93 236.47 239.01 241.55 244.09 246.63 249.17 251.71 254.25 Proportional parts TABLE 13 (CONTINUED) INCHES TO MILLIMETERS 0.02 mm. 127.51 130.05 132.59 135.13 137.67 140.21 142.75 145.29 147.83 150.37 152.91 155.45 157.99 160.53 163.07 165.61 168.15 170.69 173.23 S| 178.31 180.85 183.39 185.93 188.47 191.01 193.55 196.09 198.63 201.17 203.71 206.25 208.79 211.33 213.87 216.41 218.95 221.49 224.03 226.57 229.11 231.65 234.19 236.73 239.27 241.81 244.35 246.89 249.43 251.97 254.51 1 m in. 1 inch = 25.4 millimeters 0.03 mm. 127.76 130.30 132.84 135.38 137.92 140.46 143.00 145.54 148.08 150.62 153.16 155.70 158.24 160.78 163.32 165.86 168.40 170.94 173.48 176.02 178.56 181.10 183.64 186.18 188.72 191.26 193.80 196.34 198.88 201.42 203.96 206.50 209.04 211.58 214.12 216.66 219.20 221.74 224.28 226.82 229.36 231.90 234.44 236.98 239352, 242.06 244.60 247.14 249.68 252.22 254.76 (continued) .001 5) 40S SMITHSONIAN METEOROLOGICAL TABLES 0.04 mm. 128.02 130.56 133.10 135.64 138.18 140.72 143.26 145.80 148.34 150.88 153.42 155.96 158.50 161.04 163.58 166.12 168.66 171.20 173.74 176.28 178.82 181.36 183.90 186.44 188.98 191.52 194.06 196.60 199.14 201.68 204.22 206.76 209.30 211.84 214.38 216.92 219.46 222.00 224.54 227.08 229.62 232.16 234.70 237.24 239.78 242.32 244.86 247.40 249.94 252.48 255.02 0.05 mm. 128.27 130.81 133.35 135.89 138.43 140.97 143.51 146.05 148.59 151.13 153.67 156.21 158.75 161.29 163.83 166.37 168.91 171.45 173.99 176.53 179.07 181.61 184.15 186.69 189.23 191.77 194.31 196.85 199.39 201.93 204.47 207.01 209.55 212.09 214.63 217.17 219.71 222.25 224.79 227.33 229.87 232.41 234.95 237.49 240.03 242.57 245.11 247.65 250.19 252.73 255.27 0.06 mm. 128.52 131.06 133.60 136.14 138.68 141.22 143.76 146.30 148.84 151.38 153.92 156.46 159.00 161.54 164.08 166.62 169.16 171.70 174.24 176.78 179.32 181.86 184.40 186.94 189.48 192.02 194.56 197.10 199.64 202.18 204.72 207.26 209.80 212.34 214.88 217.42 219.96 222.50 225.04 227.58 230.12 232.66 235.20 237.74 240.28 242.82 245.36 247.90 250.44 252.98 255.52 0.07 mm. 128.78 131.32 133.86 136.40 138.94 141.48 144.02 146.56 149.10 151.64 154.18 156.72 159.26 161.80 164.34 166.88 169.42 171.96 174.50 177.04 179.58 182.12 184.66 187.20 189.74 192.28 194.82 197.36 199.90 202.44 204.98 207.52 210.06 212.60 215.14 217.68 220.22 222.76 225.30 227.84 230.38 232.92 235.46 238.00 240.54 243.08 245.62 248.16 250.70 253.24 255.78 002 .003 .004 .005 .006 .007 105) 08 10 13), 15 18 0.08 mm. 129.03 131.57 134.11 136.65 139.19 141.73 144.27 146.81 149.35 151.89 154.43 156.97 159.51 162.05 164.59 167.13 169.67 172.21 174.75 177.29 179.83 182.37 184.91 187.45 189.99 192.53 195.07 197.61 200.15 202.69 205.23 207.77 210.31 212.85 215.39 217.93 220.47 223.01 225.55 228.09 230.63 233.17 235.71 238.25 240.79 243.33 245.87 248.41 250.95 253.49 256.03 73 0.09 mm. 129.29 131.83 134.37 136.91 139.45 141.99 144.53 147.07 149.61 ¥92:15 154.69 157.23 159.77 162.31 164.85 167.39 169.93 172.47 175.01 177.55 180.09 182.63 185.17 187.71 190.25 192.79 195.33 197.87 200.41 202.95 205.49 208.03 210.57 213.11 215.65 218.19 220.73 2ZS:20 225.81 228.35 230.89 233.43 235.97 238.51 241.05 243.59 246.13 248.67 251.21 253.75 256.29 008 .009 ZZ 74 Inches 10.00 0.00 mm. 254.00 256.54 259.08 261.62 264.16 266.70 269.24 271.78 274.32 276.86 279.40 281.94 284.48 287.02 289.56 292.10 294.64 297.18 299.72 302.26 304.80 307.34 309.88 312.42 314.96 317.50 320.04 322.58 325.12 327.66 330.20 332.74 335.28 337.82 340.36 342.90 345.44 347.98 350.52 353.06 355.60 358.14 360.68 363.22 365.76 368.30 370.84 373.38 375.92 378.46 381.00 0.01 mm. 254.25 256.79 259.33 261.87 264.41 266.95 269.49 272.03 274.57 277.11 279.65 282.19 284.73 287.27 289.81 292.35 294.89 297.43 299.97 302.51 305.05 307.59 310.13 312.67 315.21 317.75 320.29 322.83 325.37 327.91 330.45 332.99 335.53 338.07 340.61 343.15 345.69 348.23 350.77 353.31 355.85 358.39 360.93 363.47 366.01 368.55 371.09 373.63 376.17 378.71 381.25 Proportional parts TABLE 13 (CONTINUED) INCHES TO MILLIMETERS 1 inch = 25.4 millimeters 0.02 mm. 254.51 257.05 259.59 262.13 264.67 267.21 269.75 272.29 274.83 277.37 279.91 282.45 284.99 287.53 290.07 292.61 295.15 297.69 300.23 302.77 305.31 307.85 310.39 312.93 315.47 318.01 320.55 323.09 325.63 328.17 330.71 333.25 335.79 338.33 340.87 343.41 345.95 348.49 351.03 353.57 356.11 358.65 361.19 363.73 366.27 368.81 in. 0.03 mm. 254.76 257.30 259.84 262.38 264.92 267.46 270.00 272.54 275.08 277.62 280.16 282.70 285.24 287.78 290.32 292.86 295.40 297.94 300.48 303.02 305.56 308.10 310.64 313.18 315.72 318.26 320.80 323.34 325.88 328.42 330.96 333.50 336.04 338.58 341.12 343.66 346.20 348.74 351.28 353.82 356.36 358.90 361.44 363.98 366.52 369.06 371.60 374.14 376.68 379.22 381.76 (continued) .001 0.04 mm. 255.02 257.56 260.10 262.64 265.18 267.72 270.26 272.80 275.34 277.88 382.02 0.05 mm. 25527 257.81 260.35 262.89 265.43 267.97 270.51 273.05 275.59 278.13 280.67 283.21 285.75 288.29 290.83 293.37 295.91 298.45 300.99 303.53 306.07 308.61 311.15 313.69 316.23 318.77 321.31 323.85 326.39 328.93 331.47 334.01 336.55 339.09 341.63 344.17 346.71 349.25 351.79 354.33 356.87 359.41 361.95 364.49 367.03 - 369.57 $72.41 374.65 377.19 379.73 382.27 0.06 mm. 255152 258.06 260.60 263.14 265.68 268.22 270.76 273.30 275.84 278.38 280.92 283.46 286.00 288.54 291.08 293.62 296.16 298.70 301.24 303.78 306.32 308.86 311.40 313.94 316.48 319.02 321.56 324.10 326.64 329.18 331.72 334.26 336.80 339.34 341.88 344.42 346.96 349.50 352.04 354.58 357.12 359.66 362.20 364.74 367.28 369.82 372.36 374.90 377.44 379.98 382.52 0.07 mm. 255.78 258.32 260.86 263.40 265.94 268.48 271.02 273.56 276.10 278.64 281.18 283.72 286.26 288.80 291.34 293.88 296.42 298.96 301.50 304.04 306.58 309.12 311.66 314.20 316.74 319.28 321.82 324.36 326.90 329.44 331.98 334.52 337.06 339.60 342.14 344.68 347.22 349.76 352.30 354.84 357.38 359.92 362.46 365.00 367.54 370.08 372.62 375.16 377.70 380.24 382.78 002 .003 .004 .005 .006 .007 mm. 203° 305. £08 (10) 9.13) Sy" els eee ueees SMITHSONIAN METEOROLOGICAL TABLES 0.08 mm. 256.03 258.57 261.11 263.65 266.19 268.73 271.27 273.81 276.35 278.89 281.43 283.97 286.51 289.05 291.59 294.13 296.67 299.21 301.75 304.29 306.83 309.37 311.91 314.45 316.99 319.53 322.07 324.61 327.15 329.69 332.23 334.77 337.31 339.85 342.39 344.93 347.47 350.01 352.55 355.09 357.63 360.17 362.71 365.25 367.79 370.33 372.87 375.41 377.95 380.49 383.03 0.09 mm. 256.29 258.83 261.37 263.91 266.45 268.99 271.53 274.07 276.61 279.15 281.69 284.23 286.77 289.31 291.85 294.39 296.93 299.47 302.01 304.55 307.09 309.63 1217 314.71 317.25 319.79 322.33 324.87 327.41 329.95 332.49 335.03 KRY ARYA 340.11 342.65 345.19 347.73 350.27 352.81 355.35 357.89 360.43 362.97 365.51 368.05 370.59 373.13 375.67 378.21 380.75 383.29 008 .009 TABLE 13 (CONTINUED) INCHES TO MILLIMETERS 1 inch = 25.4 millimeters Pee, 29000 W001 a0002%6003 0104 0.05 0.06 0.07 mm. mm. mm. mm. mm, mm, mm. mm. 15.00 381.00 381.25 381.51 381.76 38202 382.27 38252 38278 1810 383.54 383.79 38405 38430 38456 38481 385.06 385.32 15.20 386.08 386.33 386.59 38684 38710 387.35 387.60 387.86 1530 38862 38887 38913 389.38 389.64 389.89 390.14 390.40 1540 30116 391.41 391.67 391.92 30218 39243 39268 302.94 15.50 393.70 393.95 394.21 394.46 394.72 394.97 395.22 395.48 1560 306.24 306.49 396.75 39700 39726 39751 397.76 39802 15.70 30878 399.03 399.29 39954 39980 400.05 400.30 400.56 1580 401.32 401.57 401.83 40208 40234 402.59 40284 403.10 1590 40386 40411 40437 40462 40488 405.13 405.38 405.64 16.00 406.40 406.65 406.91 407.16 407.42 407.67 407.92 408.18 16.10 40894 409.19 409.45 409.70 409.96 41021 41046 410.72 1620 41148 411.73 41199 41224 41250 41275 413.00 413.26 1630 41402 41427 41453 414.78 41504 415.29 415.54 415.80 1640 416.56 41681 41707 41732 417.58 417.83 41808 418.34 16.50 419.10 419.35 419.61 419.86 42012 420.37 420.62 420.88 1660 42164 42189 42215 422.40 42266 42291 423.16 423.42 1670 42418 424.43 424.69 424.94 42520 42545 425.70 425.96 1680 426.72 42697 42723 42748 42774 427.99 42824 428.50 16.90 429.26 42051 42977 430.02 43028 430.53 430.78 431.04 17.00 431.80 432.05 432.31 432.56 432.82 433.07 433.32 433.58 1710 434.34 43450 43485 43510 43536 435.61 43586 436.12 1720 43688 43713 43739 43764 43790 43815 43840 438.66 1730 430.42 430.67 439.93 44018 440.44 440.69 440.94 441.20 1740 441.96 44221 442.47 44272 44298 44323 443.48 443.74 17.50 444,50 444.75 445.01 445.26 445.52 445.77 446.02 446.28 1760 447.04 447.29 44755 44780 44806 44831 44856 448.82 1770 449.58 449.83 450.09 450.34 450.60 450.85 451.10 451.36 1780 45212 45237 45263 45288 45314 453.30 453.64 453.90 1790 45466 45491 45517 45542 455.68 455.93 45618 456.44 18.00 457.20 457.45 457.71 457.96 458,22 45847 458.72 458.98 1810 459.74 450.99 460.25 460.50 460.76 461.01 461.26 461.52 1820 462.28 46253 462.79 463.04 463.30 463.55 46380 464.06 1830 464.82 465.07 46533 465.58 465.84 466.09 466.34 466.60 1840 46736 467.61 46787 46812 46838 46863 46888 469.14 1850 469.90 470.15 470.41 470.66 470.92 47117 471.42 471.8 1860 47244 472.69 47295 47320 47346 47371 473.96 474.22 1870 47498 475.23 47549 47574 47600 476.25 47650 476.76 1880 47752 477.77 47803 47828 47854 478.79 479.04 479.30 1890 480.06 480.31 480.57 48082 481.08 481.33 481.58 481.84 19.00 482.60 482.85 483.11 483.36 483.62 483.87 484.12 484.38 1910 48514 485.30 485.65 485.90 48616 486.41 486.66 486.92 1920 48768 48793 48819 48844 48870 488.95 489.20 489.46 1930 490.22 490.47 490.73 490.98 491.24 491.49 491.74 492.00 19.40 492.76 493.01 493.27 49352 493.78 49403 494.28 494.54 19.50 495.30 495.55 495.81 496.06 496.32 496.57 496.82 497.08 19.60 497.84 498109 49835 49860 49886 499.11 499.36 499.62 19.70 500.38 500.63 500.89 501.14 50140 501.65 501.90 502.16 1980 50292 503.17 503.43 50368 503.94 504.19 504.44 504.70 19.90 50546 505.71 505.97 50622 50648 506.73 506.98 507.24 20.00 508.00 50825 50851 508.76 509.02 509.27 509.52 509.78 (continued) in. .001 .002 .003 .004 .005 .006 .007 Proportional parts im 093 (05 08 10 13 15 18 SMITHSONIAN METEOROLOGICAL TABLES 0.08 mm. 383.03 385.57 388.11 390.65 393.19 395.73 398.27 400.81 403.35 405.89 408.43 410.97 413.51 416.05 418.59 421.13 423.67 426.21 428.75 431.29 433.83 436.37 438.91 441.45 443.99 446.53 449.07 451.61 454.15 456.69 459.23 461.77 464.31 466.85 469.39 471.93 474.47 477.01 479.55 482.09 484.63 487.17 489.71 492.25 494.79 497.33 499.87 502.41 504.95 507.49 510.03 75 0.09 mm. 383.29 385.83 388.37 390.91 393.45 395.99 398.53 401.07 403.61 406.15 408.69 411.23 413.77 416.31 418.85 421.39 423.93 426.47 429.01 431.55 434.09 436.63 439.17 441.71 444.25 446.79 449.33 451.87 454.41 456.95 459.49 462.03 464.57 467.11 469.65 472.19 474.73 477.27 479.81 482.35 484.89 487.43 489.97 492.51 495.05 497.59 500.13 502.67 505.21 507.75 510.29 008 .009 .20 23 76 Inches 20.00 20.10 20.20 20.30 20.40 20.50 20.60 20.70 20.80 20.90 21.00 21.10 21.20 21.30 21.40 21.50 21.60 21.70 21.80 21.90 22.00 22.10 22.20 22.30 22.40 22.50 22.60 22.70 22.80 22.90 23.00 0.00 mm. 508.00 510.54 0.01 mm. 508.25 510.79 513.33 515.87 518.41 520.95 523.49 526.03 528.57 531.11 533.65 536.19 538.73 541.27 543.81 546.35 548.89 551.43 503.97, 556.51 559.05 561.59 564.13 566.67 569.21 571.75 574.29 576.83 579.37 581.91 584.45 586.99 589.53 592.07 594.61 597.15 599.69 602.23 604.77 607.31 609.85 612.39 614.93 617.47 620.01 622.55 625.09 627.63 630.17 632.71 635.25 Proportional parts TABLE 13 (CONTINUED) INCHES TO MILLIMETERS 1 inch = 25.4 millimeters 0.02 0.03 0.04 0.05 0.06 0.07 mInm,. mm, mm, mm, mm, mm. 508.51 508.76 509.02 509.27 509.52 509.78 OS) 51230) 51256 511.81 512.06 512.32 513.59 513.84 514.10 514.35 514.60 514.86 516.13 516.38 516.64 516.89 517.14 517.40 518.67 518.92 519.18 519.43 519.68 519.94 521.21 521.46 521.72 521.97 522.22 522.48 523.75 524.00 524.26 524.51 524.76 525.02 526.29 526.54 526.80 527.050" 527.30) 0 524-56 528.83 529.08 529.34 529.59 529.84 530.10 538.37) 531.62) 531.88 532.13 532.38 532.64 533.91 534.16 534.42 534.67 534.92 535.18 536.45 536.70 536.96 537.21 537.46 537.72 538.99 539.24 539.50 539.75 540.00 540.26 541.53 541.78 542.04 542.29 542.54 542.80 544.07 544.32 544.58 544.83 545.08 545.34 546.61 546.86 547.12 547.37 547.62 547.88 549.15 549.40 549.66 549.91 550.16 550.42 551.69 551.94 552.20 552.45 552.70 552.96 554.23 554.48 554.74 554.99 555.24 555.50 556.77 557.02 557.28 557.53 557.78 558.04 559.31 559.56 559.82 560.07 560.32 560.58 561.85 562.10 562.36 562.61 562.86 563.12 564.39 564.64 564.90 565.15 565.40 565.66 566.93 567.18 567.44 567.69 567.94 568.20 569.47 569.72 569.98 570.23 570.48 570.74 572.01 572.26 572.52 572.77. 573.02 573.28 574.55 574.80 575.06 575.31 575.56 575.82 577.09 577.34 577.60 577.85 578.10 578.36 579.63 579.88 580.14 580.39 580.64 580.90 582.17 582.42 582.68 582.93 583.18 583.44 584.71 584.96 585.22 585.47 585.72 585.98 587.25 587.50 587.76 588.01 588.26 588.52 589.79 590.04 590.30 590.55 590.80 591.06 592.33 592.58 592.84 593.09 593.34 593.60 594.87 595.12 595.38 595.63 595.88 596.14 597.41 597.66 597.92 598.17 598.42 598.68 599.95 600.20 600.46 600.71 600.96 601.22 602.49 602.74 603.00 603.25 603.50 603.76 605.03 605.28 605.54 605.79 606.04 606.30 607.57 607.82 608.08 608.33 608.58 608.84 610.11 610.36 610.62 610.87 611.12 611.38 612.65 612.90 613.16 613.41 613.66 613.92 615.19 615.44 615.70 615.95 616.20 616.46 617.73 617.98 618.24 618.49 618.74 619.00 620.27 620.52 620.78 621.03 621.28 621.54 622.81 623.06 623.32 623.57 623.82 624.08 625.35 625.60 625.86 626.11 626.36 626.62 627.89 628.14 628.40 628.65 628.90 629.16 630.43 630.68 630.94 631.19 631.44 631.70 632.97 633.22 633.48 633.73 633.98 634.24 635.51 635.76 636.02 636.27 636.52 636.78 (continued) in. .001 .002 .003 .004 .005 .006 .007 mm: 303° 05° 208) 200) «let fisr eras SMITHSONIAN METEOROLOGICAL TABLES 0.08 mm, 510.03 5:12:57 515.11 517.65 520.19 522.73 525.27 527.81 530.35 532.89 535.43 537.97 540.51 543.05 545.59 548.13 550.67 553.21 559.79 558.29 560.83 563.37 565.91 568.45 570.99 57359 576.07 578.61 581.15 583.69 586.23 588.77 591.31 593.85 596.39 598.93 601.47 604.01 606.55 609.09 611.63 614.17 616.71 619.25 621.79 624.33 626.87 629.41 631.95 634.49 637.03 0.09 mm. 510.29 512.83 515.37 517.91 520.45 522.99 525.53 528.07 530.61 533.15 535.69 538.23 540.77 543.31 545.85 548.39 550.93 553.47 556.01 558.55 561.09 563.63 566.17 568.71 571.25 573.79 576.33 578.87 581.41 583.95 586.49 589.03 501.57 504.11 596.65 599.19 601.73 604.27 606.81 609.35 611.89 614.43 616.97 619.51 622.05 624.59 627.13 629.67 632.21 634.75 637.29 008 .009 20 23 Inches 0.00 mm. 25.00 635.00 25.10 637.54 25.20 640.08 25.30 642.62 25.40 645.16 25.50 647.70 25.60 650.24 25.70 652.78 25.80 655.32 25.90 657.86 26.00 660.40 26.10 662.94. 26.20 665.48 26.30 668.02 26.40 670.56 26.50 673.10 26.60 675.64 26.70 678.18 26.80 680.72 26.90 683.26 27.00 685.80 27.10 688.34 27.20 690.88 27.30 693.42 27.40 695.96 27.50 698.50 27.60 701.04 27.70 703.58 27.80 706.12 27.90 708.66 28.00 711.20 28.10 713.74 28.20 716.28 28.30 718.82 28.40 721.36 28.50 723.90 28.60 726.44 28.70 728.98 28.80 731.52 28.90 734.06 29.00 736.60 29.10 739.14 29.20 741.68 29.30 744.22 29.40 746.76 29.50 749.30 29.60 751.84 29.70 754.38 29.80 756.92 29.90 759.46 30.00 762.00 0.01 mm. 635.25 637.79 640.33 642.87 645.41 647.95 650.49 653.03 655.57 658.11 660.65 663.19 665.73 668.27 670.81 673.35 675.89 678.43 680.97 683.51 686.05 688.59 691.13 693.67 696.21 698.75 701.29 703.83 706.37 708.91 711.45 713.99 716.53 719.07 721.61 724.15 726.69 f20.23 731.77 734.31 736.85 739.39 741.93 744.47 747.01 749.55 752.09 754.63 7a Ae 759.71 762.25 Proportional parts TABLE 13 (CONTINUED) INCHES TO MILLIMETERS 1 inch = 25.4 millimeters 0.02 0.03 0.04 0.05 0.06 0.07 mm. mm. mm. mm. mm. mm. 635.51 635.76 636.02 636.27 636.52 636.78 638.05 638.30 638.56 638.81 639.06 639.32 640.59 640.84 641.10 641.35 641.60 641.86 643.13 643.38 643.64 643.89 644.14 644.40 645.67 645.92 646.18 646.43 646.68 646.94 648.21 648.46 648.72 648.97 649.22 649.48 650.75 651.00 651.26 651.51 651.76 652.02 653.29 653.54 653.80 654.05 654.30 654.56 655.83 656.08 656.34 656.59 656.84 657.10 658.37 658.62 658.88 659.13 659.38 659.64 660.91 661.16 661.42 661.67 661.92 662.18 663.45 663.70 663.96 664.21 664.46 664.72 665.99 666.24 666.50 666.75 667.00 667.26 668.53 668.78 669.04 669.29 669.54 669.80 671.07. 671.32 671.58 671.83 672.08 672.34 673.61 673.86 674.12 674.37 674.62 674.88 676.15 676.40 676.66 676.91 677.16 677.42 678.69 678.94 679.20 679.45 679.70 679.96 681.23 681.48 681.74 681.99 682.24 682.50 683.77 684.02 684.28 684.53 684.78 685.04 686.31 686.56 686.82 687.07 687.32 687.58 688.85 689.10 689.36 689.61 689.86 690.12 691.39 691.64 691.90 692.15 692.40 692.66 693.93 694.18 694.44 694.69 694.94 695.20 696.47 696.72 696.98 697.23 697.48 697.74 699.01 699.26 699.52 699.77 700.02 700.28 701.55 701.80 702.06 702.31 702.56 702.82 704.09 704.34 704.60 704.85 705.10 705.36 706.63 706.88 707.14 707.39 707.64 707.90 709.17 709.42 709.68 709.93 710.18 710.44 711.71 711.96 712.22 HAZAT A272) 298 714.25 714.50 714.76 7ASO1 (75:26) 75:52 716.79 717.04 717.30 717.55 717.80 718.06 719.33 719.58 719.84 720.09 720.34 720.60 2NET PEZAZ) AZ238 722.63 722.88 723.14 724.41 724.66 724.92 725.17 725.42 725.68 726.95 727.20 727.46 727.71 727.96 728.22 729.49 729.74 730.00 730.25 730.50 730.76 732.03 732.28 732.54 732.79 733.04 733.30 734.57 734.82 735.08 735.33 735.58 735.84 TV TRS, PV 737,87 738.12 738.38 739.65 739.90 740.16 740.41 740.66 740.92 742.19 742.44 742.70 742.95 743.20 743.46 744.73 744.98 745.24 745.49 745.74 746.00 747.27 747.52 747.78 748.03 748.28 748.54 749.81 750.06 750.32 750.57 750.82 751.08 752.35 752.60 752.86 ASU ASO! 7SEKEP 754.89 755.14 755.40 755.65 755.90 756.16 757.43 757.68 757.94 758.19 758.44 758.70 759.97 760.22 760.48 760.73 760.98 761.24 762.51 762.76 763.02 763.27 763.52 763.78 (continued) in. .001 .002 .003 .004 .005 .006 .007 raped OR) ADEN Oe IMO) rhe a Gy to ales} SMITHSONIAN METEOROLOGICAL TABLES 0.08 mm. 637.03 639.57 642.11 644.65 647.19 649.73 652.27 654.81 657.35 659.89 662.43 664.97 667.51 670.05 672.59 675.13 677.67 680.21 682.75 685.29 687.83 690.37 692.91 695.45 697.99 700.53 703.07 705.61 708.15 710.69 713.23 71907 718.31 720.85 723.39 725.93 728.47 731.01 733.55 736.09 738.63 741.17 743.71 746.25 748.79 751.33 753.87 736.41 758.95 761.49 764.03 77 0.09 mm. 637.29 639.83 642.37 644.91 647.45 649.99 652.53 655.07 657.61 660.15 662.69 665.23 667.77 670.31 672.85 675.39 677.93 680.47 683.01 685.55 688.09 690.63 693.17 695.71 698.25 700.79 703.33 705.87 708.41 710.95 713.49 716.03 718.57 721.11 723.65 726.19 728.73 731.27 733.81 736.35 738.89 741.43 743.97 746.51 749.05 751.59 754.13 756.67 Zool 761.75 764.29 008 .009 201 23 78 Inches 30.00 30.10 30.20 30.30 30.40 30.50 30.60 30.70 30.80 30.90 31.00 0.00 mm. 762.00 764.54 767.08 769.62 772.16 774.70 777.24 779.78 782.32 784.86 787.40 789.94 792.48 795.02 797.56 800.10 802.64 805.18 807.72 810.26 0.01 mm. 762.25 764.79 767.33 769.87 772.41 774.95 777.49 780.03 782.57 785.11 787.65 790.19 792.73 795.27 797.81 800.35 802.89 805.43 807.97 810.51 Proportional parts TABLE 13 (CONCLUDED) INCHES TO MILLIMETERS 0.02 mm. 762.51 765.05 767.59 770.13 772.67 775.21 777.75 780.29 782.83 785.37 787.91 790.45 792.99 795.53 798.07 800.61 - 803.15 805.69 808.23 810.77 in. mm. 0.03 mm. 762.76 765.30 767.84 770.38 772.92 775.46 778.00 780.54 783.08 785.62 788.16 790.70 793.24 795.78 798.32 800.86 803.40 805.94 808.48 811.02 001 03 SMITHSONIAN METEOROLOGICAL TABLES 0.04 mm. 763.02 765.56 768.10 770.64 773.18 775.72 778.26 780.80 783.34 785.88 788.42 790.96 793.50 1 inch = 25.4 millimeters 0.05 mm. 763.27 765.81 768.35 770.89 773.43 775.97 778.51 781.05 783.59 786.13 788.67 791.21 793.75 796.29 798.83 801.37 803.91 806.45 808.99 811.53 10 13 0.06 mm. 763.52 766.06 768.60 771.14 773.68 776.22 778.76 781.30 783.84 786.38 788.92 791.46 794.00 796.54 799.08 801.62 804.16 806.70 809.24 811.78 5 0.07 mm. 763.78 766.32 768.86 771.40 773.94 776.48 779.02 781.56 784.10 786.64 789.18 791.72 794.26 796.80 799.34 801.88 804.42 806.96 809.50 812.04 002 .003 .004 .005 .006 .007 05.08 18 0.08 mm. 764.03 766.57 769.11 771.65 774.19 776.73 779.27 781.81 784.35 786.89 789.43 791.97 794.51 797.05 799.59 802.13 804.67 807.21 809.75 812.29 0.09 mm. 764.29 766.83 769.37 771.91 774.45 776.99 779.53 782.07 784.61 787.15 789.69 792.23 794.77 797.31 799.85 802.39 804.93 807.47 810.01 812.55 008 .009 20 23 TABLE 14 MILLIMETERS TO INCHES 1 millimeter = 0.039370079 inches Milli- meters 0 1] 2 in in. in 0 000 039 079 10 394 433 472 20 787 827 866 Proportional parts 3 in, 118 Aa 906 1.299 1.693 2.087 2.480 2.874 3.268 3.661 4.055 4.449 4.843 5.236 5.630 6.024 6.417 6.811 7.205 7.598 fe 84 8.386 8.780 9.173 9.567 9.961 10.354 10.748 11.142 P5395 11.929 12.323 Marve 13.110 13.504 13.898 14.291 14.685 15.079 15.472 15.866 4 in. 157 Sot 945 1.339 1/32 2.126 2.520 2.913 3.307 3.701 4.094 4.488 15.906 (continued) 5 ol 2 RS GHATS Sere: REZ 004 .008 .012 .016 .020 .024 .028 SMITHSONIAN METEOROLOGICAL TABLES 79 Be) 031 .035 80 i ee in. 400 15.748 401 15.787 402 15.827 403 15.866 404 15.906 405 15.945 406 15.984 407 16.024 408 16.063 409 16.102 410 16.142 411 16.181 412 16.220 413 16.260 414 16.299 415 16.339 416 16.378 417 16.417 418 16.457 419 16.496 420 16.535 421 16.575 422 16.614 423 16.654 424 16.693 425 16.732 42 16.772 427 16.811 428 16.850 429 16.890 430 16.929 431 16.969 432 17.008 433 17.047 434 17.087 435 17.126 436 17.165 437 17.205 438 17.244 439 17.283 440 17.323 441 17.362 442 17.402 443 17.441 444 17.480 445 17.520 446 17.559 447 17.598 448 17.638 449 17.677 450 17.717 al in. Se 752 15.791 15.831 15.870 15.909 15.949 15.988 16.028 16.067 16.106 16.146 16.185 16.224 16.264 16.303 16.343 16.382 16.421 16.461 16.500 16.539 16.579 16.618 16.657 16.697 16.736 16.776 16.815 16.854 16.894 16.933 16.972 17.012 17.051 17.091 17.130 17.169 17.209 17.248 17.287 17.327 17.366 17.406 17.445 17.484 17.524 17.563 17.602 17.642 17.681 17.720 Proportional parts TABLE 14 (CONTINUED) MILLIMETERS TO INCHES 1 millimeter = 0.039370079 inches LA in. 15.756 15.795 15.835 15.874 15.913 15.953 15.992 16.031 16.071 16.110 16.150 16.189 16.228 16.268 16.307 16.346 16.386 16.425 16.465 16.504 16.543 16.583 16.622 16.661 16.701 16.740 16.780 16.819 16.858 16.898 16.937 16.976 17.016 17.055 17.094 17.134 17.173 17.213 17.252 17.291 17.331 17.370 17.409 17.449 17.488 17.528 17.567 17.606 17.646 17.685 17.724 £) in. 15.760 15.799 15.839 15.878 15.917 15.957 15.996 16.035 16.075 16.114 16.154 16.193 16.232 16.272 16.311 16.350 16.390 16.429 16.469 16.508 16.547 16.587 16.626 16.665 16.705 16.744 16.783 16.823 16.862 16.902 16.941 16.980 17.020 17.059 17.098 17.138 17.177 17.217 17.256 17.295 17.335 17.374 17.413 17.453 17.492 17.531 17.571 17.610 17.650 17.689 17.728 mm. .01 in. .000 SMITHSONIAN METEOROLOGICAL TABLES 4 in. 15.764 17.732 (continued) 02 103 001 .001 5 in. 15.768 15.807 15.846 15.886 15.925 15.965 16.004 16.043 16.083 16.122 16.161 16.201 16.240 16.280 16.319 16.358 16.398 16.437 16.476 16.516 16.555 16.594 16.634 16.673 16.713 16.752 16.791 16.831 16.870 16.909 16.949 16.988 17.028 17.067 17.106 17.146 17.185 17.224 17.264 17.303 17.343 17.382 17.421 17.461 17.500 17.539 17.579 17.618 17.657 17.697 17.736 04 6 in. 15.772 15.811 15.850 15.890 15.929 15.969 16.008 16.047 16.087 16.126 16.165 16.205 16.244 16.283 16.323 16.362 16.402 16.441 16.480 16.520 16.559 16.598 16.638 16.677 16.717 16.756 16.795 16.835 16.874 16.913 16.953 16.992 17.031 17.071 17.110 17.150 17.189 17.228 17.268 17.307 17.346 17.386 17.425 17.465 17.504 17.543 17.583 17.622 17.661 17.701 17.740 05.06 7 in. 15.776 15.815 15.854 15.894 15.933 15.972 16.012 16.051 16.091 16.130 16.169 16.209 16.248 16.287 16.327 16.366 16.406 16.445 16.484 16.524 16.563 16.602 16.642 16.681 16.720 16.760 16.799 16.839 16.878 16.917 16.957 16.996 17.035 17.075 17.114 17.154 17.193 17.232 17.272 17-3tt 17.350 17.390 17.429 17.469 17.508 17.547 17.587 17.626 17.665 17.705 17.744 .07 002 .002 .002 .003 & in. 15.780 15.819 15.858 15.898 15.937 15.976 16.016 16.055 16.094 16.134 16.173 16.213 16.252 16.291 16.331 16.370 16.409 16.449 16.488 16.528 16.567 16.606 16.646 16.685 16.724 16.764 16.803 16.843 16.882 16.921 16.961 17.000 17.039 17.079 17.118 17187 17.197 17.236 17.276 17.315 17.354 17.394 17.433 17.472 L712 17.551 17.591 17.630 17.669 17.709 17.748 .08 9 in. 15.783 15.823 15.862 15.902 15.941 15.980 16.020 16.059 16.098 16.138 16.177 16.217 16.256 16.295 16.335 16.374 16.413 16.453 16.492 16.531 16.571 16.610 16.650 16.689 16.728 16.768 16.807 16.846 16.886 16.925 16.965 17.004 17.043 17.083 17.122 17.161 17.201 17.240 17.280 17.319 17.358 17.398 17.437 17.476 17.516 17.555 17.594 17.634 17.673 17.713 17.752 .09 003 .004 Milli- meters 0 in. 450 IU PAV 451 17.756 452 17.795 453 17.835 454 17.874 455 17.913 456 17.953 457 17.992 458 18.031 459 18.071 460 18.110 461 18.150 462 18.189 463 18.228 464 18.268 465 18.307 466 18.346 467 18.386 468 18.425 469 18.465 470 18.504 471 18.543 472 18.583 473 18.622 474 18.661 475 18.701 476 18.740 477 18.780 478 18.819 479 18.858 480 18.898 481 18.937 482 18.976 483 19.016 484 19.055 485 19.094 486 19.134 487 19.173 488 19.213 489 19.252 490 19.291 491 19.331 492 19.370 493 19.409 494 19.449 495 19.488 496 19.528 497 19.567 498 19.606 499 19.646 500 19.685 al! in. 17.720 17.760 17.799 17.839 17.878 17.917 17.957 17.996 18.035 18.075 18.114 18.154 18.193 18.232 18.272 18.311 18.350 18.390 18.429 18.469 18.508 18.547 18.587 18.626 18.665 18.705 18.744 18.783 18.823 18.862 18.902 18.941 18.980 19.020 19.059 19.098 19.138 19.177 19.217 19.256 19.295 19.335 19.374 19.413 19.453 19.492 19.531 19.571 19.610 19.650 19.689 Proportional parts TABLE 14 (CONTINUED) MILLIMETERS TO INCHES 1 millimeter = 0.039370079 inches 14 in. 17.724 17.764 17.803 17.843 17.882 17.921 17.961 18.000 18.039 18.079 18.118 18.157 18.197 18.236 18.276 18.315 18.354 18.394 18.433 18.472 18.512 18.551 18.591 18.630 18.669 18.709 18.748 18.787 18.827 18.866 18.906 18.945 18.984 19.024 19.063 19.102 19.142 19.181 19.220 19.260 19.299 19.339 19.378 19.417 19.457 19.496 19.535 19.575 19.614 19.654 19.693 3 in. 17.728 17.768 17.807 17.846 17.886 17.925 17.965 18.004 18.043 18.083 18.122 18.161 18.201 18.240 18.280 18.319 18.358 18.398 18.437 18.476 18.516 18.555 18.594 18.634 18.673 18.713 18.752 18.791 18.831 18.870 18.909 18.949 18.988 19.028 19.067 19.106 19.146 19.185 19.224 19.264 19.303 19.343 19.382 19.421 19.461 19.500 19.539 19.579 19.618 19.657 19.697 01 .000 SMITHSONIAN METEOROLOGICAL TABLES 4 in. 17.732 17.772 17.811 17.850 17.890 17.929 17.969 18.008 18.047 18.087 18.126 18.165 18.205 18.244 18.283 18.323 18.362 18.402 18.441 18.480 18.520 18.559 18.598 18.638 18.677 18.717 18.756 18.795 18.835 18.874 18.913 18.953 18.992 19.031 19.071 19.110 19.150 19.189 19.228 19.268 19.307 19.346 19.386 19.425 19.465 19.504 19.543 19.583 19.622 19.661 19.701 (continued) 02) .03 001 .001 85 in. 17.736 17.776 17.815 17.854 17.894 17.933 17.972 18.012 18.051 18.091 18.130 18.169 18.209 18.248 18.287 18.327 18.366 18.406 18.445 18.484 18.524 18.563 18.602 18.642 18.681 18.720 18.760 18.799 18.839 18.878 18.917 18.957 18.996 19.035 19.075 19.114 19.154 19.193 19:232 19.272 19.311 19.350 19.390 19.429 19.469 19.508 19.547 19.587 19.626 19.665 19.705 .04 6 in. 17.740 17.780 17.819 17.858 17.898 17.937 17.976 18.016 18.055 18.094 18.134 18.173 18.213 18.252 18.291 18.331 18.370 18.409 18.449 18.488 18.528 18.567 18.606 18.646 18.685 18.724 18.764 18.803 18.843 18.882 18.921 18.961 19.000 19.039 19.079 19.118 19.157 19.197 19.236 19.276 19.315 19.354 19.394 19.433 19.472 19.512 19.551 19.591 19.630 19.669 19.709 05m 06 M7 in. 17.744 17.783 17.823 17.862 17.902 17.941 17.980 18.020 18.059 18.098 18.138 18.177 18.217 18.256 18.295 18.335 18.374 18.413 18.453 18.492 18.531 18.571 18.610 18.650 18.689 18.728 18.768 18.807 18.846 18.886 18.925 18.965 19.004 19.043 19.083 19.122 19.161 19.201 19.240 19.280 19.319 19.358 19.398 19.437 19.476 19.516 19.555 19.594 19.634 19.673 19.713 07 002 .002 .002 .003 8 in. 17.748 17.787 17.827 17.866 17.906 17.945 17.984 18.024 18.063 18.102 18.142 18.181 18.220 18.260 18.299 18.339 18.378 18.417 18.457 18.496 18.535 18.575 18.614 18.654 18.693 18.732 18.772 18.811 18.850 18.890 18.929 18.969 19.008 19.047 19.087 19.126 19.165 19.205 19.244 19.283 19.323 19.362 19.402 19.441 19.480 19.520 19.559 19.598 19.638 19.677 19.717 .08 81 9 in, 17.752 17.791 17.831 17.870 17.909 17.949 17.988 18.028 18.067 18.106 18.146 18.185 18.224 18.264 18.303 18.343 18.382 18.421 18.461 18.500 18.539 18.579 18.618 18.657 18.697 18.736 18.776 18.815 18.854 18.894 18.933 18.972 19.012 19.051 19.091 19.130 19.169 19.209 19.248 19.287 19.327 19.366 19.406 19.445 19.484 19.524 19.563 19.602 19.642 19.681 19.720 09 003.004 82 TABLE 14 (CONTINUED) MILLIMETERS TO INCHES 1 millimeter = 0.039370079 inches fee a in. in. in. 500 19.685 19.689 19.693 501 19.724 19.728 19.732 502 19.764 19.768 19.772 503 19.803 19.807 19.811 504 19.843 19.846 19.850 505 19.882 19.886 19.890 506 19.921 19.925 19.929 507 19.961 19.965 19.969 508 20.000 20.004 20.008 509 20.039 20.043 20.047 510 20.079 20.083 20.087 511 20.118 20.122 20.126 512 20.157 20.161 20.165 513 20.197 20.201 20.205 514 20.236 20.240 20.244 515 20.276 20.280 20.283 516 20.315 20.319 20.323 517 20.354 20.358 20.362 518 20.394 20.398 20.402 519 20.433 20.437 20.441 520 20.472 20.476 20.480 521 20.512 20.516 20.520 522 Z0551 205555 20.559 523 20.591 20.594 20.598 524 20.630 20.634 20.638 525 20.669 20.673 20.677 526 20.709 20.713 20.717 527 20.748 20.752 20.756 528 20.787 20.791 20.795 529 20.827 20.831 20.835 530 20.866 20.870 20.874 531 20.906 20.909 20.913 532 20.945 20.949 20.953 533 20.984 20.988 20.992 534 21.024 21.028 21.031 535 21.063 21.067 21.071 536 21.102 21.106 21.110 537 21.142 21.146 21.150 538 21.181 21.185 21.189 539 21.220 21.224 21.228 540 21.260 21.264 21.268 541 21.299 21.303 21.307 542 21.339 21.343 21.346 543 21.378 21.382 21.386 544 21.417 21.421 21.425 545 21.457 21.461 21.465 546 21.496 21.500 21.504 547 21.535 21.539 21.543 548 21575 21:579. 21583 549 21.614 21.618 21.622 550 21.654 21.657 21.661 Proportional parts 3 in. 19.697 19.736 19.776 19.815 19.854 19.894 19.933 19.972 20.012 20.051 20.091 20.130 20.169 20.209 20.248 20.287 20.327 20.366 20.406 20.445 20.484 20.524 20.563 20.602 20.642 20.681 20.720 20.760 20.799 20.839 20.878 20.917 20.957 20.996 21.035 21.075 21.114 21.154 21.193 21.232 21.272 21.311 21.350 21.390 21.429 21.469 21.508 21.547 21.587 21.626 21.665 mm. .01 in. .000 SMITHSONIAN METEOROLOGICAL TABLES 4 in. 19.701 19.740 19.780 19.819 19.858 19.898 19.937 19.976 20.016 20.055 20.094 20.134 20.173 20.213 20.252 20.291 20.331 20.370 20.409 20.449 20.488 20.528 20.567 20.606 20.646 20.685 20.724 20.764 20.803 20.843 20.882 20.921 20.961 21.000 21.039 21.079 21.118 21157 21.197 21.236 21.276 21.315 21.354 21.394 21.433 21.472 Zi512 21.551 21.591 21.630 21.669 (continued) 02). .03 001 .001 ) in. 19.705 19.744 19.783 19.823 19.862 19.902 19.941 19.980 20.020 20.059 20.098 20.138 20.177 20.217 20.256 20.295 20.335 20.374 20.413 20.453 20.492 20.531 20.571 20.610 20.650 20.689 20.728 20.768 20.807 20.846 20.886 20.925 20.965 21.004 21.043 21.083 21.122 21.161 21.201 21.240 21.280 21.319 21.358 21.398 21.437 21.476 21.516 21599 21.594 21.634 21.673 .04 .002 6 a7, in. in. 19.709 19.713 19.748 19.752 19.787 19.791 19.827 19.831 19.866 19.870 19.906 19.909 19.945 19.949 19.984 19.988 20.024 20.028 20.063 20.067 20.102 20.106 20.142 20.146 20.181 20.185 20.220 20.224 20.260 20.264 20.299 20.303 20.339 20.343 20.378 20.382 20.417 20.421 20.457 20.461 20.496 20.500 20.535 20.539 20.575 20.579 20.614 20.618 20.654 20.657 20.693 20.697 20.732 20.736 20.772 20.776 20.811 20.815 20.850 20.854 20.890 20.894 20.929 20.933 20.969 20.972 21.008 21.012 21.047 21.051 21.087 21.091 21.126 21.130 21.165 21.169 21.205 21.209 21.244 21.248 21.283 21.287 20325 21327 21.362 21.366 21.402 21.406 21.441 21.445 21.480 21.484 21.520 21.524 21.559 21.563 21.598 21.602 21.638 21.642 21.677 21.681 D5in 06) 1507, 002 .002 .003 ili- pen 0 in, 550 21.654 551 21.693 552 21782 553 2hea72 554 21.811 555 21.850 556 21.890 557 21.929 558 21.969 559 22.008 560 22.047 561 22.087 562 22.126 563 22.165 564 22.205 565 22.244 566 22.283 567 22.323 568 22.362 569 22.402 570 22.441 571 22.480 572 22.520 573 22.559 574 22.598 575 22.638 576 22.677 577 22.717 578 22.756 579 22.795 580 22.835 581 22.874 582 22.913 583 22.953 584 22.992 585 23.031 586 23.071 587 23.110 588 23.150 589 23.189 590 23.228 591 23.268 592 23.307 593 23.346 594 23.386 595 23.425 596 23.465 597 23.504 598 23.543 599 23.583 600 23.622 l in. 21.657 21.697 21.736 21.776 21.815 21.854 21.894 21.933 21.972 22.012 22.051 22.091 22.130 22.169 22.209 22.248 22.287 22.327 22.366 22.406 22.445 22.484 22.524 22.563 22.602 22.642 22.681 22.720 22.760 22.799 22.839 22.878 22.917 22.957 22.996 23.035 23.075 23.114 23.154 23.193 23.232 23.272 23.311 23.350 23.390 23.429 23.469 23.508 23.547 23.587 23.626 Proportional parts TABLE 14 (CONTINUED) MILLIMETERS TO INCHES 1 millimeter = 0.039370079 inches ep, in. 21.661 21.701 21.740 21.780 21.819 21.858 21.898 21.937 21.976 22.016 22.055 22.094 22.134 22.173 22.213 22.252 22.291 22.331 22.370 22.409 22.449 22.488 22.528 22.567 22.606 22.646 22.685 22.724 22.764 22.803 22.843 22.882 22.921 22.961 23.000 23.039 23.079 23.118 23157 23.197 23.236 23.276 23315 23.354 23.394 23.433 23.472 ZS-012 23.551 23.591 23.630 mm. in. 3 in. 21.665 21.705 21.744 21.783 21.823 21.862 21.902 21.941 21.980 22.020 22.059 22.098 22.138 22.177 22.217 22.256 22.295 22.335 22.374 22.413 22.453 22.492 22.531 22.571 22.610 22.650 22.689 22.728 22.768 22.807 22.846 22.886 22.925 22.965 23.004 23.043 23.083 23.122 23.161 23.201 23.240 23.280 23.319 23.358 23.398 23.437 23.476 23.516 23.556 23.594 23.634 01 .000 SMITHSONIAN METEOROLOGICAL TABLES 4 in. 21.669 21.709 21.748 21.787 21.827 21.866 21.906 21.945 21.984 22.024 22.063 22.102 22.142 22.181 22.220 22.260 22.299 22.339 22.378 22.417 22.457 22.496 22.539 22.575 22.614 22.654 22.693 22.732 22.772 22.811 22.850 22.890 22.929 22.969 23.008 23.047 23.087 23.126 23.165 23.205 23.244 23.283 23.323 23.638 (continued) 02; 03 001 .001 a5 in. 21.673 PARAS} 21.752 21.791 21.831 21.870 21.909 21.949 21.988 22.028 22.067 22.106 22.146 22.185 22.224 22.264 22.303 22.343 22.382 22.421 22.461 22.500 22.539 22.579 22.618 22.657 22.697 22.736 22.776 22.815 22.854 22.894 22.933 22.972 23.012 23.051 23.091 23.130 23.169 23.209 23.248 23.287 23.327 23.366 23.406 23.445 23.484 23.524 23.563 23.602 23.642 .04 6 in. 21.677 AANA 21.756 21.795 21.835 21.874 21.913 21.953 21.992 22.031 22.071 22.110 22.150 22.189 22.228 22.268 22.307 22.346 22.386 22.425 22.465 22.504 22.543 22.583 22.622 22.661 22.701 22.740 22.780 22.819 22.858 22.898 22.937 22.976 23.016 23.055 23.094 23.134 23.173 25.243 23.252 23.291 23.331 23.370 23.409 23.449 23.488 23.528 23.567 23.606 23.646 05.06 wh, in. 21.681 21.720 21.760 21.799 21.839 21.878 21.917 21.957 21.996 22.035 22.075 22.114 22.154 22.193 22.232 22.272 22.311 22.350 22.390 22.429 22.469 22.508 22.547 22.587 22.626 22.665 22.705 22.744 22.783 22.823 22.862 22.902 22.941 22.980 23.020 23.059 23.098 23.138 23.177 23.217 23.256 23.295 23.335 23.374 23.413 23.453 23.492 23.531 23.571 23.610 23.650 .07 002 .002 .002 .003 8 in. 21.685 21.724 21.764 21.803 21.843 21.882 21.921 21.961 22.000 22.039 22.079 22.118 22.457 22.197 22.236 22.276 22.315 22.354 22.394 22.433 22.472 22.912 22.551 22.591 22.630 22.669 22.709 22.748 22.787 22.827 22.866 22.906 22.945 22.984 23.024 23.063 23.102 23.142 23.181 23.220 23.260 23.299 23.339 23.378 23.417 23.457 23.496 23-935 23-945 23.614 23.654 .08 83 9 in. 21.689 21.728 21.768 21.807 21.846 21.886 21.925 21.965 22.004 22.043 22.083 22.122 22.161 22.201 22.240 22.280 22.319 22.358 22.398 22.437 22.476 22.516 22.999 22.594 22.634 22.673 22.713 22.752 22.791 22.831 22.870 22.909 22.949 22.988 23.028 23.067 23.106 23.146 23.185 23.224 23.264 23.303 23.343 23.382 23.421 23.461 23.500 23.539 23.579 23.618 23.657 .09 003.004 84 eae in. 600 23.622 601 23.661 602 23.701 603 23.740 604 23.780 605 23.819 606 23.858 607 23.898 608 23.937 609 23.976 610 24.016 611 24.055 612 24.094 613 24.134 614 24.173 615 24.213 616 24.252 617 24.291 618 24.331 619 24.370 620 24.409 621 24.449 622 24.488 623 24.528 624 24.567 625 24.606 626 24.646 627 24.685 628 24.724 629 24.764 630 24.803 631 24.843 632 24.882 633 24.921 634 24.961 635 25.000 636 25.039 637 25.079 638 25.118 639 25.157 640 25.197 641 25.236 642 25.276 643 25.315 644 25.354 645 25.394 646 25.433 647 25.472 648 25.512 649 25.551 650 25.591 Jl in. 23.626 23.665 23.705 23.744 23.783 23.823 23.862 23.902 23.941 23.980 24.020 24.059 24.098 24.138 . 24.177 24.217 24.256 24.295 24.335 24.374 24.413 24.453 24.492 24.531 24.571 24.610 24.650 24.689 24.728 24.768 24.807 24.846 24.886 24.925 24.965 25.004 25.043 25.083 25.122 25.161 25.201 25.240 25.280 25.319 25.358 25.398 25.437 25.476 25.516 25.555 25.594 Proportional parts TABLE 14 (CONTINUED) MILLIMETERS TO INCHES 1 millimeter = 0.039370079 inches 2 in. 23.630 23.669 23.709 23.748 23.787 23.827 23.866 23.906 23.945 23.984 24.024 24.063 24.102 24.142 24.181 24.220 24.260 24.299 24.339 24.378 24.417 24.457 24.496 24.535 24.575 24.614 24.654 24.693 24.732 24.772 24.811 24.850 24.890 24.929 24.969 25.008 25.047 25.087 25.126 25.165 25.205 25.244 25.283 ZO.023 25.362 25.402 25.441 25.480 25.520 25.999 25.598 mm. in. 6) in. 23.634 23.673 23.713 23.752 23.791 23.831 23.870 23.909 23.949 23.988 24.028 24.067 24.106 24.146 24.185 24.224 24.264 24.303 24.343 24.382 24.421 24.461 24.500 24.539 24.579 24.618 24.657 24.697 24.736 24.776 24.815 24.854 24.894 24.933 24.972 25.012 25.051 25.091 25.130 25.169 25.209 25.248 25.287 25.327 25.366 25.406 25.445 25.484 25.524 25.563 25.602 01 .000 SMITHSONIAN METEOROLOGICAL TABLES 4 in. 23.638 23.677 23077. 23.756 23.795 23.835 23.874 23.913 23.953 23.992 24.031 24.071 24.110 24.150 24.189 24.228 24.268 24.307 24.346 24.386 24.425 24.465 24.504 24.543 24.583 24.622 24.661 24.701 24.740 24.780 24.819 24.858 24.898 24.937 24.976 25.016 25.055 25.094 25.134 25.173 25.213 25.292 29.291 25.331 25370 25.409 25.449 25.488 25.528 25.567 25.606 (continued) 02 03 001 .001 LD in. 23.642 23.681 23.720 23.760 23.799 23.839 23.878 23.917 23.957 23.996 24.035 24.075 24.114 24.154 24.193 24.232 24.272 24.311 24.350 24.390 24.429 24.469 24.508 24.547 24.587 24.626 24.665 24.705 24.744 24.783 24.823 24.862 24.902 24.941 24.980 25.020 25.059 25.098 25.138 25.177 25.217 25.256 25.295 25.335 25.374 25.413 25.453 25.492 25.531 25.571 25.610 .04 6 in. 23.646 23.685 23.724 23.764 23.803 23.843 23.882 23.921 23.961 24.000 24.039 24.079 24.118 24.157 24.197 24.236 24.276 24.315 24.354 24.394 24.433 24.472 24.512 24.551 24.591 24.630 24.669 24.709 24.748 24.787 24.827 24.866 24.906 24.945 24.984 25.024 25.063 25.102 25.142 25.181 25.220 25.260 25.299 25.339 25.378 25.417 25.457 25.496 25.535 25.575 25.614 05 .06 ef in. 23.650 23.689 23.728 23.768 23.807 23.846 23.886 23.925 23.965 24.004 24.043 24.083 24.122 24.161 24.201 24.240 24.280 24.319 24.358 24.398 24.437 24.476 24.516 24.555 24.594 24.634 24.673 24.713 24.752 24.791 24.831 24.870 24.909 24.949 24.988 25.028 25.067 25.106 25.146 25.185 25.224 25.264 25.303 25.343 25.382 25.421 25.461 25.500 25.539 25.579 25.618 07 .002 .002 .002 .003 8 in. 23.654 23.693 23.732 DS UL 23.811 23.850 23.890 23.929 23.969 24.008 24.047 24.087 24.126 24.165 24.205 24.244 24.283 24.323 24.362 24.402 24.441 24.480 24.520 24.559 24.598 24.638 24.677 24.717 24.756 24.795 24.835 24.874 24.913 24.953 24.992 25.031 25.071 25.110 25.150 25.189 25.228 25.268 25.307 25.346 25.386 25.425 25.465 25.504 25.543 25.583 25.622 .08 9 in. 23.657 23.697 23.736 23.776 23.815 23.854 23.894 23.933 23.972 24.012 24.051 24.091 24.130 24.169 24.209 24.248 24.287 24.327 24.366 24.406 24.445 24.484 24.524 24.563 24.602 24.642 24.681 24.720 24.760 24.799 24.839 24.878 24.917 24.957 24.996 25.035 25.075 25.114 25.154 25.193 25:232 2572 Z5:a11 25.350 25.390 25.429 25.469 25.508 25.547 25.587 25.626 09 003 .004 TABLE 14 (CONTINUED) MILLIMETERS TO INCHES 1 millimeter = 0.039370079 inches ee a eh Oe RGN ke in. in. in. in. in. in. in. in. 650 25.591 25.594 25.598 25.602 25.606 25.610 25.614 25.618 651 25.630 25.634 25.638 25.642 25.646 25.650 25.654 25.657 652 25.669 25.673 25.677 25.681 25.685 25.689 25.693 25.697 653 251409) 25:43) 25.717 25.720) 252724 25.728 25.732 25.736 654 25.748 25.752 25.756 25.760 25.764 25.768 25.772 25.776 655 25.78/ «20491 “25.795 925.799 25.803) §25:807 25.811 25.815 656 25.827 25.831 25.835 25.839 25.843 25.846 25.850 25.854 657 25.866 25.870 25.874 25.878 25.882 25.886 25.890 25.894 658 25.906 25.909 25.913 25.917 25.921 25.925 25.929 25.933 659 25.945 25.949 25.953 25.957 25.961 25.965 25.969 25.972 660 25.984 25.988 25.992 25.996 26.000 26.004 26.008 26.012 661 26.024 26.028 26.031 26.035 26.039 26.043 26.047 26.051 662 26.063 26.067 26.071 26.075 26.079 26.083 26.087 26.091 663 26.102 26.106 26.110 26.114 26.118 26.122 26.126 26.130 664 26.142 26.146 26.150 26.154 26.157 26.161 26.165 26.169 665 26.181 26.185 26.189 26.193 26.197 26.201 26.205 26.209 666 26.220 26.224 26.228 26.232 26.236 26.240 26.244 26.248 667 26.260 26.264 26.268 26.272 26.276 26.280 26.283 26.287 668 26.299 26.303 26.307 26.311 26.315 26.319 26.323 26.327 669 26.339 26.343 26.346 26.350 26.354 26.358 26.362 26.366 670 26.378 26.382 26.386 26.390 26.394 26.398 26.402 26.406 671 26.417 26.421 26.425 26.429 26.433 26.437 26.441 26.445 672 26.457 26.461 26.465 26.469 26.472 26.476 26.480 26.484 673 26.496 26.500 26.504 26.508 26.512 26.516 26.520 26.524 674 26.535 26.539 26.543 26.547 26.551 26.555 26.559 26.563 675 26.575 26.579 26.583 26.587 26.591 26.594 26.598 26.602 676 26.614 26.618 26.622 26.626 26.630 26.634 26.638 26.642 677 26.654 26.657 26.661 26.665 26.669 26.673 26.677 26.681 678 26.693 26.697 26.701 26.705 26.709 26.713 26.717 26.720 679 26.732 26.736 26.740 26.744 26.748 26.752 26.756 26.760 680 26.772 26.776 26.780 26.783 26.787 26.791 26.795 26.799 681 26.811 26.815 26.819 26.823 26.827 26.831 26.835 26.839 682 26.850 26.854 26.858 26.862 26.866 26.870 26.874 26.878 683 26.890 26.894 26.898 26.902 26.906 26.909 26.913 26.917 684 26.929 26.933 26.937 26.941 26.945 26.949 26.953 26.957 685 26.969 26.972 26.976 26.980 26.984 26.988 26.992 26.996 686 27.008 27.012 27.016 27.020 27.024 27.028 27.031 27.035 687 27.047 27.051 27.055 27.059 27.063 27.067 27.071 27.075 688 27.087 27.091 27.094 27.098 27.102 27.106 27.110 27.114 689 27.126 27.130 27.134 27.138 27.142 27.146 27.150 27.154 690 ZL1G9 *27-169 (27:173 9 27:77 27:18) 27185 927.189 (27.193 691 21-205 + 27.209 (20-213 “27.217 27.220) | 27.224 \27.228' ‘27.232 692 27.244 27.248 27.252 27.256 27.260 27.264 27.268 27.272 693 2ELZES “ZE-LO0 W27-29V 27.295 27.299 ° 27303 527.307 27.311 694 21.323 24:32) 27.331 *27.335 27.339 27.343 27.346 27.350 695 27.362 27.366 27.370 27.374 27.378 27.382 27.386 27.390 696 27.402 27.406 27.409 27.413 27.417 27.421 27.425 27.429 697 27.441 27.445 27.449 27.453 27.457 27.461 27.465 27.469 698 27.480 27.484 27.488 27.492 27.496 27.500 27.504 27.508 699 27.520 27.524 27.528 27.531 27.535 27.539 27.543 27.547 700 27.559 27.563 27.567 27.571 27.575 27.579 27.583 27.587 (continued) : mm Ol 02 03 64. 105 .06., 07 Proportional parts in. .000 .001 .001 .002 .002 .002 .003 SMITHSONIAN METEOROLOGICAL TABLES 8 in. 25.622 25.661 25.701 25.740 25.780 25.819 25.858 25.898 25.937 25.976 26.016 26.055 26.094 26.134 26.173 26.213 26.252 26.291 26.331 26.370 26.409 26.449 26.488 26.528 26.567 26.606 26.646 26.685 26.724 26.764 26.803 26.843 26.882 26.921 26.961 27.000 27.039 27.079 27.118 27.157 27.197 27.236 27.276 27.315 27.354 27.394 27.433 27.472 27.512 27.551 27.591 .08 85 9 in, 25.626 25.665 25.705 25.744 25.783 25.823 25.862 25.902 25.941 25.980 26.020 26.059 26.098 26.138 26.177 26.217 26.256 26.295 26.335 26.374 26.413 26.453 26.492 26.531 26.571 26.610 26.650 26.689 26.728 26.768 26.807 26.846 26.886 26.925 26.965 27.004 27.043 27.083 27.122 27.161 27.201 27.240 27.280 27.319 27.358 27.398 27.437 27.476 27.516 27.505 27.594 09 003 .004 86 macs | 0 in. 700 27.599 701 27.598 702 27.638 703 27.677 704 27.717 705 27.756 706 27.795 707 27.835 708 27.874 709 27.913 710 27.953 7A 27.992 712 28.031 713 28.071 714 28.110 715 28.150 716 28.189 717 28.228 718 28.268 719 28.307 720 28.346 721 28.386 722 28.425 723 28.465 724 28.504 725 28.543 72 28.583 727 28.622 728 28.661 729 28.701 730 28.740 731 28.780 732 28.819 733 28.858 734 28.898 735 28.937 736 28.976 737 29.016 738 29.055 739 29.094 740 29.134 741 29.173 742 29.213 743 29.252 744 29.291 745 29.331 746 29.370 747 29.409 748 29.449 749 29.488 750 29.528 all in. 27.563 27.602 27.642 27.681 27.720 27.760 27.799 27.839 27.878 27.917 27.957 27.996 28.035 28.075 28.114 28.154 28.193 28.232 28.272 28.311 28.350 28.390 28.429 28.469 28.508 28.547 28.587 28.626 28.665 28.705 28.744 28.783 28.823 28.862 28.902 28.941 28.980 29.020 29.059 29.098 29.138 29.177 29.217 29.256 29.295 29.335 29.374 29.413 29.453 29.492 29.531 Proportional parts TABLE 14 (CONTINUED) MILLIMETERS TO INCHES 1 millimeter = 0.039370079 inches aD, in. 27.567 27.606 27.646 27.685 27.724 27.764 27.803 27.843 27.882 27.921 27.961 28.000 28.039 28.079 28.118 28.157 28.197 28.236 28.276 28.315 28.354 28.394 28.433 28.472 28.512 28.551 28.591 28.630 28.669 28.709 28.748 28.787 28.827 28.866 28.906 28.945 28.984 29.024 29.063 29.102 29.142 29.181 29.220 29.260 29.299 29.339 29.378 29.417 29.457 29.496 29.535 o) in. 27.571 27.610 27.650 27.689 27.728 27.768 27.807 27.846 27.886 27.925 27.965 28.004 28.043 28.083 28.122 28.161 28.201 (continued) 02; .:08 mm. .01 in. .000 SMITHSONIAN METEOROLOGICAL TABLES 4 in. 27.575 27.614 27.654 27.693 27.732 27.772 27.811 27.850 27.890 27.929 27.969 28.008 28.047 28.087 28.126 28.165 28.205 28.244 29.543 001 .001 D in. 27.579 27.618 27.657 27.697 27.736 27.776 27.815 27.854 27.894 27.933 27.972 28.012 28.051 28.091 28.130 28.169 28.209 28.248 28.287 28.327 28.366 28.406 28.445 28.484 28.524 28.563 28.602 28.642 28.681 28.720 28.760 28.799 28.839 28.878 28.917 28.957 28.996 29.035 29.075 29.114 29.154 29.193 29.232 29.272 29.311 29.350 29.390 29.429 29.469 29.508 29.547 .04 6 in. 27.583 27.622 27.661 27.701 27.740 27.780 27.819 27.858 27.898 27.937 27.976 28.016 28.055 28.094 28.134 28.173 28.213 28.252 28.291 28.331 28.370 28.409 28.449 28.488 28.528 28.567 28.606 28.646 28.685 28.724 28.764 28.803 28.843 28.882 28.921 28.961 29.000 29.039 29.079 29.118 29.157 29.197 29.236 29.276 29.315 29.354 29.394 29.433 29.472 29.512 29.551 05 .06 of in. 27.587 27.626 27.665 27.705 27.744 27.783 27.823 27.862 27.902 27.941 27.980 28.020 28.059 28.098 28.138 28.177 28.217 28.256 28.295 28.335 28.374 28.413 28.453 28.492 28.531 28.571 28.610 28.650 28.689 28.728 28.768 28.807 28.846 28.886 28.925 28.965 29.004 29.043 29.083 Z9.122 29.161 29.201 29.240 29.280 29.319 29.358 29.398 29.437 29.476 29.516 29.555 07 002 .002 .002 .003 8 in. 27.591 27.630 27.669 27.709 27.748 27.787 27.827 27.866 27.906 27.945 27.984 28.024 28.063 28.102 28.142 28.181 28.220 28.260 28.299 28.339 28.378 28.417 28.457 28.496 28.535 28.575 28.614 28.654 28.693 28.732 28.772 28.811 28.850 28.890 28.929 28.969 29.008 29.047 29.087 29.126 29.165 29.205 29.244 29.283 29.323 29.362 29.402 29.441 29.480 29.520 29.559 9 in. 27.594 27.634 27.673 27.713 27.752 27.791 27.831 27.870 27.909 27.949 27.988 28.028 28.067 28.106 28.146 28.185 28.224 28.264 28.303 28.343 28.382 28.421 28.461 28.500 28.539 28.579 28.618 28.657 28.697 28.736 28.776 28.815 28.854 28.894 28.933 28.972 29.012 29.051 29.091 29.130 29.169 29.209 29.248 29.287 29.327 29.366 29.406 29.445 29.484 29.524 29.563 08 .09 003.004 TABLE 14 (CONTINUED) MILLIMETERS TO INCHES 1 millimeter = 0.039370079 inches Milli- meters 0 All ZL in. in. in. 750 29.528 29.531 29.535 751 29.567 29.571 29.575 752 29.606 29.610 29.614 753 29.646 29.650 29.654 754 29.685 29.689 29.693 755 29.724 29.728 29.732 756 29.764 29.768 29.772 757 29.803 29.807 29.811 758 29.843 29.846 29.850 759 29.882 29.886 29.890 760 29.921 29.925 29.929 761 29.961 29.965 29.969 762 30.000 30.004 30.008 763 30.039 30.043 30.047 764 30.079 30.083 30.087 765 30.118 30.122 30.126 766 30.157 30.161 30.165 767 30.197 30.201 30.205 768 30.236 30.240 30.244 769 30.276 30.280 30.283 770 30.315 30.319 30.323 771 30.354 30.358 30.362 772 30.394 30.398 30.402 773 30.433 30.437 30.441 774 30.472 30.476 30.480 775 30.512 30.516 30.520 776 30.551 30.555 30.559 Dad 30.591 30.594 30.598 778 30.630 30.634 30.638 779 30.669 30.673 30.677 780 30.709 30.713 30.717 781 30.748 30.752 30.756 782 30.787 30.791 30.795 783 30.827 30.831 30.835 784 30.866 30.870 30.874 785 30.906 30.909 30.913 786 30.945 30.949 30.953 787 30.984 30.988 30.992 788 31.024 31.028 31.031 789 31.063 31.067 31.071 790 31.102 31.106 31.110 791 31.142 31.146 31.150 792 31.181 31.185 31.189 793 31.220 31.224 31.228 794 31.260 31.264 31.268 795 31.299 31.303 31.307 796 31.339 31.343 31.346 797 31.378 31.382 31.386 798 31.417 31.421 31.425 799 31.457 31.461 31.465 800 31.496 31.500 31.504 Proportional parts mm. in. cS in. 29.539 29.579 29.618 29.657 29.697 29.736 29.776 29.815 29.854 29.894 29.933 29.972 30.012 30.051 30.091 30.130 30.169 30.209 30.248 30.287 30.327 30.366 30.406 30.445 30.484 30.524 30.563 30.602 30.642 30.681 30.720 30.760 30.799 30.839 30.878 30.917 30.957 30.996 31.035 31.075 31.114 31.154 31.193 31.232 31.272 31.311 31.350 31.390 31.429 31.469 31.508 01 .000 SMITHSONIAN METEOROLOGICAL TABLES 4 in. 29.543 29.583 29.622 29.661 29.701 29.740 29.780 29.819 29.858 29.898 29.937 29.976 30.016 30.055 30.094 30.134 30.173 30.213 30.252 30.291 30.331 30.370 30.409 30.449 30.488 30.528 30.567 30.606 30.646 30.685 30.724 30.764 30.803 30.843 30.882 30.921 30.961 31.000 31.039 31.079 31.118 31.157 31.197 31.236 31.276 31.315 31.354 31.394 31.433 31.472 31.512 (continued) 02; .03 001.001 # in. 29.547 29.587 29.626 29.665 29.705 29.744 29.783 29.823 29.862 29.902 29.941 29.980 30.020 30.059 30.098 30.138 30.177 30.217 30.256 30.295 30.335 30.374 30.413 30.453 30.492 30.531 30.571 30.610 30.650 30.689 30.728 30.768 30.807 30.846 30.886 30.925 30.965 31.004 31.043 31.083 31.122 31.161 31.201 31.240 31.280 31.319 31.358 .31.398 31.437 31.476 31.516 .04 6 in. 29.551 29.591 29.630 29.669 29.709 29.748 29.787 29.827 29.866 29.906 29.945 29.984 30.024 30.063 30.102 30.142 30.181 30.220 30.260 30.299 30.339 30.378 30.417 30.457 30.496 30.535 30.575 30.614 30.654 30.693 30.732 30.772 30.811 30.850 30.890 30.929 30.969 31.008 31.047 31.087 31.126 31.165 31.205 31.244 31.283 S320 31.362 31.402 31.441 31.480 31.520 05 .06 e7, in. 29.555 29.594 29.634 29.673 29.713 29.792 29.791 29.831 29.870 29.909 29.949 29.988 30.028 30.067 30.106 30.146 30.185 30.224 30.264 30.303 30.343 30.382 30.421 30.461 30.500 30.539 30.579 30.618 30.657 30.697 30.736 30.776 30.815 30.854 30.894 30.933 30.972 31.012 31.051 31.091 31.130 31.169 31.209 31.248 31.287 31.327 31.366 31.406 31.445 31.484 31.524 07 002 .002 .002 .003 88 eee or in in 800 31.496 31.500 801 oe 5S58 S1e539 802 Silby/s) Sls) 803 31.614 31.618 804 31.654 31.657 805 31.693 31.697 806 31.732 31.736 807 SIRA72) Sile7i76 808 31.811 31.815 809 31.850 31.854 810 31.890 31.894 811 31.929 31.933 812 31.969 31.972 813 32.008 32.012 814 32.047 32.051 815 32.087 32.091 816 32.126 32.130 817 32.165 32.169 818 32.205 32.209 819. 32.244 32.248 820 32.283 32.287 821 825323) S25327, 822 32.362 32.366 823 32.402 32.406 824 32.441 32.445 825 32.480 32.484 826 32.520 32.524 827 32.559 32.563 828 32.598 32.602 829 32.638 32.642 830 32.677 32.681 831 SEAT. 1322720 832 32.756 32.760 833 32.795 32.799 834 32.835 32.839 835 32.874 32.878 836 S293) 32,9107 837 32.953 32.957 838 32.992 32.996 839 33.031 33.035 840 33.071 33.075 841 33.110 33.114 842 33.150 33.154 843 33.189 33.193 840 Oos225) roar 845 33.268 33.272 846 30:007 33.011 847 33.346 33.350 848 33.386 33.390 849 33.425 33.429 850 33.465 33.469 Proportional parts TABLE 14 (CONTINUED) MILLIMETERS TO INCHES 1 millimeter = 0.039370079 inches zZ mm. In. 32.689 32.728 32.768 32.807 32.846 32.886 32.925 32.965 33.004 33.043 33.083 33.122 33.161 33.201 33.240 33.280 33.319 33.358 33.398 33.437 33.476 O01 .000 SMITHSONIAN METEOROLOGICAL TABLES 4 in. 31.512 31.551 31.591 31.630 31.669 31.709 31.748 31.787 31.827 31.866 31.906 31.945 31.984 32.024 32.063 32.102 32.142 32.181 32.220 32.260 32.299 32.339 32.378 32.417 32.457 32.496 32.535 32.579 32.614 32.654 32.693 32.732 32042 32.811 32.850 32.890 32.929 32.969 33.008 33.047 33.087 33.126 33.165 33.205 33.244 33.283 33.323 33.362 33.402 33.441 33.480 (continued) 02 03 001 .001 25 in. 31.516 3555 31.594 31.634 31.673 31713 ai:75z 31.791 31.831 31.870 31.909 31.949 31.988 32.028 32.067 32.106 32.146 32.185 32.224 32.264 32.303 32.343 32.382 32.421 32.461 32.500 32.539 32.579 32.618 32.657 32.697 32.736 32.776 32.815 32.854 32.894 32.933 32.972 33.012 33.051 33.091 33.130 33.169 33.209 33.248 33.287 33.327 33.366 33.406 33.445 33.484 .04 6 in. 31.520 31.559 31.598 31.638 31.677 S1/T7, 31.756 31.795 31.835 31.874 31.913 31.953 31.992 32.031 32.071 32.110 32.150 32.189 32.228 32.268 32.307 32.346 32.386 32.425 32.465 32.504 32.543 32.583 32.622 32.661 32.701 32.740 32.780 32.819 32.858 32.898 32.937 32.976 33.016 33.055 33.094 33.134 33.173 33.213 Oo.202 33.291 33.331 33.370 33.409 33.449 33.488 105,,. 06 ad, in. 31.524 31.563 31.602 31.642 31.681 31.720 31.760 31.799 31.839 31.878 31.917 31.957 31.996 32.035 32.075 32.114 32.154 32.193 32.232 32.272 32,311 32.350 32.390 32.429 32.469 32.508 32.547 32.587 32.626 32.665 32.705 32.744 32.783 32.823 32.862 32.902 32.941 32.980 33.020 33.059 33.098 33.138 SR RUIZUZ BRAVE 33.256 33.295 33.335 33.374 33.413 33.453 33.492 07 002 .002 .002 .003 8 in. 31.528 31.567 31.606 31.646 31.685 31.724 31.764 31.803 31.843 31.882 31.921 31.961 32.000 32.039 32.079 32.118 SY HAVE 32.197 32.236 32.276 32.310 32.354 32.394 32.433 32.472 32.512 32.551 32.591 32.630 32.669 32.709 32.748 32.787 32.827 32.866 32.906 32.945 32.984 33.024 33.063 33.102 33.142 33.181 33.220 33.260 33.299 - 33.339 33.378 33.417 33.457 33.496 .08 9 in. 312531 31.571 31.610 31.650 31.689 31.728 31.768 31.807 31.846 31.886 31.925 31.965 32.004 32.043 32.083 32.122 32.161 32.201 32.240 32.280 $2,319 32.358 32.398 32.437 32.476 32.516 32.555 32.594 32.634 32.673 32.713 32.752 32.791 32.831 32.870 32.909 32.949 32.988 33.028 33.067 33.106 33.146 33.185 33.224 33.264 33.303 33.343 33.382 33.421 33.461 33.500 09 003 .004 Milli- meters 850 851 TABLE 14 (CONTINUED) MILLIMETERS TO INCHES 1 millimeter = 0.039370079 inches 0 al we in. in. in. 33.472 33.512 33.551 33.591 33.630 33.669 33.709 33.748 33.787 33.827 33.866 33.906 33.945 33.984 34.024 34.063 34.102 34.142 34.181 34.220 34.260 34.299 34.339 34.378 34.417 34.457 34.496 34.535 34.575 34.614 34.654 34.693 34.732 34.772 34.811 34.850 34.890 34.929 34.969 35.008 35.047 35.087 Proportional parts S) in. 33.476 33.516 Seas) 33.594 33.634 33.673 33.713 33.752 33.791 33.831 33.870 33.909 33.949 33.988 34.028 34.067 34.106 34.146 34.185 34.224 34.264 34.303 34.343 34.382 34.421 34.461 34.500 34.539 34.579 34.618 34.657 34.697 34.736 34.776 34.815 34.854 34.894 34.933 34.972 35.012 35.051 35.091 35.130 35.169 35.209 35.248 35.287 35.327 35.366 35.406 35.445 mm. .01 in. .000 SMITHSONIAN METEOROLOGICAL TABLES 4 35.449 (continued) 03 001 .02 001 a5 in. 33.484 33.524 33.563 33.602 33.642 33.681 33.720 33.760 33.799 33.839 33.878 33.917 33.957 33.996 34.035 34.075 34.114 34.154 34.193 34.232 34.272 34.311 34.350 34.390 34.429 34.469 34.508 34.547 34.587 34.626 34.665 34.705 34.744 34.783 34.823 34.862 34.902 34.941 34.980 35.020 35.059 35.098 35.138 35.177 35.217 35.256 35.295 35.339 35.374 35.413 35.453 .04 .05 6 in. 33.488 33.528 33.567 33.606 33.646 33.685 33.724 33.764 33.803 33.843 33.882 33.921 33.961 34.000 34.039 34.079 34.118 34.157 34.197 34.236 34.276 34.315 34.354 34.394 34.433 34.472 34.512 34.551 34.591 34.630 34.669 34.709 34.748 34.787 34.827 34.866 34.906 34.945 34.984 35.024 35.063 35.102 35.142 35.181 35.220 35.260 35.299 35.339 35.378 35.417 35.457 06 he in. 33.492 33.531 33.571 33.610 33.650 33.689 33.728 33.768 33.807 33.846 33.886 33.925 33.965 34.004 34.043 34.083 34.122 34.161 34.201 34.240 34.280 34.319 34.358 34.398 34.437 34.476 34.516 34.555 34,594 34.634 34.673 34.713 34.752 34.791 34,831 34.870 34.909 34.949 34.988 35.028 35.067 35.106 35.146 35.185 35.224 35.264 35.303 35.343 35.382 35.421 35.461 07 002 .002 .002 .003 8 in. 33.496 ShhaRiS 338075 33.614 33.654 33.693 33.732 33.772 33.811 33.850 33.890 33.929 33.969 34.008 34.047 34.087 34.126 34.165 34.205 34.244 34.283 34.323 34.362 34.402 34.441 34.480 34.520 34.559 34.598 34.638 34.677 34.717 34.756 34.795 34.835 34.874 34.913 34.953 34.992 35.031 35.071 35.110 35.150 35.189 35.228 35.268 35.307 35.346 35.386 35.425 36.465 .08 89 9 in. 33.500 33.539 33.579 33.618 33.657 33.697 33.736 33.776 33.815 33.854 33.894 33.933 33.972 34.012 34.051 34.091 34.130 34.169 34.209 34.248 34.287 34.327 34.366 34.406 34.445 34.484 34.524 34.563 34.602 34.642 34.681 34.720 34.760 34.799 34.839 34.878 34.917 34.957 34.996 35.035 35.075 35.114 35.154 35.193 35.232 35.272 35.311 35.350 35.390 35.429 35.469 09 003 .004 90 ee ae in. 900 35.433 901 35.472 902 35.512 903 35.551 904 35.591 905 35.630 906 35.669 907 35.709 908 35.748 909 35.787 910 35.827 911 35.866 912 35.906 913 35.945 914 35.984 915 36.024 916 36.063 917 36.102 918 36.142 919 36.181 920 36.220 921 36.260 922 36.299 923 36.339 924 36.378 925 36.417 926 36.457 927 36.496 928 36.535 929 36.575 930 36.614 931 36.654 932 36.693 933 36.732 934 36.772 935 36.811 936 36.850 937 36.890 938 36.929 939 36.969 940 37.008 941 37.047 942 37.087 943 37.126 944 37.165 945 37.205 946 37.244 947 37.283 948 37.323 949 37.362 950 37.402 al in. 35.437 35.476 35.516 35.555 35.594 35.634 35.673 35.713 35.752 35/91 35.831 35.870 35.909 35.949 35.988 36.028 36.067 36.106 36.146 36.185 36.224 36.264 36.303 36.343 36.382 36.421 36.461 36.500 36.539 36.579 36.618 36.657 36.697 36.736 36.776 36.815 36.854 36.894 36.933 36.972 37.012 37.051 37.091 37.130 37.169 37.209 37.248 37.287 37.327 37.366 37.406 Proportional parts TABLE 14 (CONTINUED) MILLIMETERS TO INCHES 1 millimeter = 0.039370079 inches Y in. 35.441 35.480 35.520 35.559 35.598 35.638 35.677 35.717 35.756 35.795 35.835 35.874 35.913 35.953 35.992 36.031 36.071 36.110 36.150 36.189 36.228 36.268 36.307 36.346 36.386 36.425 36.465 36.504 36.543 36.583 36.622 36.661 36.701 36.740 36.780 36.819 36.858 36.898 36.937 36.976 37.016 37.055 37.094 37.134 37.173 37.213 37-202 37.291 37.331 37.370 37.409 mm. in. 3 in. 35.445 35.484 35.524 35.563 35.602 35.642 35.681 35.720 35.760 39:799 35.839 35.878 30.917 35.957 35.996 36.035 36.075 36.114 36.154 36.193 36.232 36.272 36.311 36.350 36.390 36.429 36.469 36.508 36.547 36.587 36.626 36.665 36.705 36.744 36.783 36.823 36.862 36.902 36.941 36.980 37.020 37.059 37.098 37.138 37177 37.217 37.256 «37.295 37.335 37.374 37.413 01 .000 SMITHSONIAN METEOROLOGICAL TABLES 4 in. 35.449 35.488 35.528 35.567 35.606 35.646 35.685 35.724 35.764 35.803 35.843 35.882 35021 35.961 36.000 36.039 36.079 36.118 36.157 36.197 36.236 36.276 36.315 36.354 36.394 36.433 36.472 36.512 36.551 36.591 36.630 36.669 36.709 36.748 36.787 36.827 36.866 36.906 36.945 36.984 37.024 37.063 37.102 37.142 37.181 37.220 37.260 37.299 37.339 37.378 37.417 (continued) 02 03 001 .001 5 in. 35.453 35.492 35.5311 35.571 35.610 35.650 35.689 35.728 35.768 35.807 35.846 35.886 35.925 35.965 36.004 36.043 36.083 36.122 36.161 36.201 36.240 36.280 36.319 36.358 36.398 36.437 36.476 36.516 36.555 36.594 36.634 36.673 36.713 36.752 36.791 36.831 36.870 36.909 36.949 36.988 37.028 37.067 37.106 37.146 37.185 37.224 37.264 37.303 37.343 37.382 37.421 .04 6 in. 35.457 35.496 35.535 35.575 35.614 35.654 35.693 $9732 S542 35.811 35.850 35.890 35.929 35.969 36.008 36.047 36.087 36.126 36.165 36.205 36.244 36.283 36.323 36.362 36.402 36.441 36.480 36.520 36.559 36.598 36.638 36.677 36.717 36.756 36.795 36.835 36.874 36.913 36.953 36.992 37.031 37.071 37.110 37.150 37.189 37.228 37.268 37.307 37.346 37.386 37.425 05 06 a, in. 35.461 35.500 35.539 35.579 35.618 35.657 35.697 35.736 35.776 35.815 35.854 35.894 35.933 35.972 36.012 36.051 36.091 36.130 36.169 36.209 36.248 36.287 36.327 36.366 36.406 36.445 36.484 36.524 36.563 36.602 36.642 36.681 36.720 36.760 36.799 36.839 36.878 36.917 36.957 36.996 37.035 37.075 37.114 37.154 37.193 37.232 37.272 37.311 37.350 37.390 37.429 07 002 .002 .002 .003 8 in. 35.465 35.504 35.543 35.583 35.622 35.661 35.701 35.740 35.780 35.819 35.858 35.898 35.937 35.976 36.016 36.055 36.094 36.134 36.173 36.213 36.252 36.291 36.331 36.370 36.409 36.449 36.488 36.528 36.567 36.606 36.646 36.685 36.724 36.764 36.803 36.843 36.882 36.921 36.961 37.000 37.039 37.079 37.118 37.157 37.197 37.236 37.276 37.315 37.354 37.394 37.433 .08 .003 9 in. 35.469 35.508 35.547 35.587 35.626 35.665 35.705 35.744 35.783 35.823 35.862 35.902 35.941 35.980 36.020 36.059 36.098 36.138 36.177 36.217 36.256 36.295 36.335 36.374 36.413 36.453 36.492 36.531 36.571 36.610 36.650 36.689 36.728 36.768 36.807 36.846 36.886 36.925 36.965 37.004 37.043 37.083 37.122 37.161 37.201 37.240 37.280 37.319 37.358 37.398 37.437 09 .004 aa 0 in. 950 37.402 951 37.441 952 37.480 953 37.520 954 37.559 955 37.598 956 37.638 957 37.677 958 37.717 959 37.756 960 37.795 961 37.835 962 37.874 963 37.913 964 37.953 965 37.992 966 38.031 967 38.071 968 38.110 969 38.150 970 38.189 971 38.228 972 38.268 973 38.307 974 38.346 975 38.386 976 38.425 977 38.465 978 38.504 979 38.543 980 38.583 981 38.622 982 38.661 983 38.701 984 38.740 985 38.780 986 38.819 987 38.858 988 38.898 989 38.937 990 38.976 991 39.016 992 39.055 993 39.094 994 39.134 995 39.173 996 39.213 997 39.252 998 39.291 999 39.331 1000 39.370 al in. 37.406 37.445 37.484 37.524 37.563 37.602 37.642 37.681 37.720 37.760 37.799 37.839 37.878 37.917 37.957 37.996 38.035 38.075 38.114 38.154 38.193 38.232 38.272 38.311 38.350 38.390 38.429 38.469 38.508 38.547 38.587 38.626 38.665 38.705 38.744 38.783 38.823 38.862 38.902 38.941 38.980 39.020 39.059 39.098 39.138 39.177 39.217 39.256 39.295 39.335 39.374 Proportional parts TABLE 14 (CONCLUDED) MILLIMETERS TO INCHES 1 millimeter = 0.039370079 inches oe in. 37.409 37.449 37.488 37.528 37.567 37.606 37.646 37.685 37.724 37.764 37.803 37.843 37.882 37.921 37.961 38.000 38.039 38.079 38.118 38.157 38.197 38.236 38.276 38.315 38.354 38.394 38.433 38.472 38.512 38.551 38.591 38.630 38.669 38.709 38.748 38.787 38.827 38.866 38.906 38.945 38.984 39.024 39.063 39.102 39.142 39.181 39.220 39.260 39.299 3 in, 37.413 37.453 37.492 37.531 37.571 37.610 37.650 37.689 37.728 37.768 37.807 37.846 37.886 37.925 37.965 38.004 38.043 38.083 38.122 38.161 38.201 38.240 38.280 38.319 38.358 38.398 38.437 38.476 38.516 38.555 38.594 38.634 38.673 38.713 38.752 38.791 38.831 38.870 38.909 38.949 38.988 39.028 39.067 39.196 39.146 39.185 39.224 39.264 39.303 39.343 39.382 01 .000 SMITHSONIAN METEOROLOGICAL TABLES 4 in. 37.417 37.457 37.496 37.535 37.575 37.614 37.654 37.693 37.732 37.772 37.811 37.850 37.890 37.929 37.969 38.008 38.047 38.087 38.126 38.165 38.205 38.244 38.283 38.323 38.362 38.402 38.441 38.480 38.520 38.559 38.598 38.638 38.677 38.717 38.756 38.795 38.835 38.874 38.913 38.953 38.992 39.031 39.071 39.110 39.150 39.189 39.228 39.268 39.307 39.346 39.386 102," ..03 001.001 5 in. 37.421 37.461 37.500 37.539 37.579 37.618 37.657 37.697 37.736 37.776 37.815 37.854 37.894 37.933 37.972 38.012 38.051 38.091 38.130 38.169 38.209 38.248 38.287 38.327 38.366 38.406 38.445 38.484 38.524 38.563 38.602 38.642 38.681 38.720 38.760 38.799 38.839 38.878 38.917 38.957 38.996 39.035 39.075 39.114 39.154 39.193 SO2a2 39.272 39.311 39.350 39.390 .04 .05 6 in. 37.425 37.465 37.504 37.543 37.583 37.622 37.661 37.701 37.740 37.780 37.819 37.858 37.898 37.937 37.976 38.016 38.055 38.094 38.134 38.173 38.213 38.252 38.291 38.331 38.370 38.409 38.449 38.488 38.528 38.567 38.606 38.646 38.685 38.724 38.764 38.803 38.843 38.882 38.921 38.961 39.000 39.039 39.079 39.118 39.157 39.197 39.236 39.276 39.315 39.354 39.394 .06 “Uh in. 37.429 37.469 37.508 37.547 37.587 37.626 37.665 37.705 37.744 37.783 37.823 37.862 37.902 37.941 37.980 38.020 38.059 38.098 38.138 38.177 38.217 38.256 38.295 38.335 38.374 38.413 38.453 38.492 38.531 38.571 38.610 38.650 38.689 38.728 38.768 38.807 38.846 38.886 38.925 38.965 39.004 39.043 39.083 39.122 39.161 39.201 39.240 39.280 39.319 39.358 39.398 07 .002 .002 .002 .003 8 in. 37.433 37.472 37.512 Siidawil 37.591 37.630 37.669 37.709 37.748 37.787 37.827 37.866 37.906 37.945 37.984 38.024 38.063 38.102 38.142 38.181 38.220 38.260 38.299 38.339 38.378 38.417 38.457 38.496 38.535 38.575 38.614 38.654 38.693 38.732 38.772 38.811 38.850 38.890 38.929 38.969 39.008 39.047 39.087 39.126 39.165 39.205 39.244 39.283 39.323 39.362 39.402 91 9 in. 37.437 37.476 37.516 37.555 37.594 37.634 37.673 37.713 37.752 37.791 37.831 37.870 37.909 37.949 37.988 38.028 38.067 38.106 38.146 38.185 38.224 38.264 38.303 38.343 38.382 38.421 38.461 38.500 38.539 38.579 38.618 38.657 38.697 38.736 38.776 38.815 38.854 38.894 38.933 38.972 39.012 39.051 39.091 39.130 39.169 39.209 39.248 39.287 39.327 39.366 39.406 0S) 209 003.004 92 TABLE 15 FEET TO METERS 1 foot = 0.3048 meters Feet 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 m. m. m m, m ™m. pect m. 0 0:00: 3.05 S640) "i914 219 15.24 18.29 21.34 100 30:48 33.53 36:58 939162 42°67. 45.72 48.77 51.82 200 60.96 64.01 67.06 70.10 73.15 76:20 79.25 82.30 300 $1.44 9449 97.54 100.58 103.63 106.68 109.73 112.78 400 121.92 124.97 128.02 131.06 134.11 137.16 140.21 143.26 500 = 152.40 155.45 158.50 161.54 164.59 167.64 170.69 173.74 600 182.88 185.93 188.98 192.02 195.07 198.12 201.17 204.22 700 =©.213.36 216.41 219.46 222.50 225.55 228.60 231.65 234.70 800 243.84 246.89 249.94 252.98 256.03 259.08 262.13 265.18 900 274.32 277.37 280.42 283.46 286.51 289.56 292.61 295.66 1000 304.80 307.85 310.90 313.94 316.99 320.04 323.09 326.14 1100 335.28 338.33 341.38 344.42 347.47 350.52 353.57 356.62 1200 365.76 368.81 371.86 374.90 377.95 381.00 384.05 387.10 1300 396.24 399.29 402.34 405.38 408.43 411.48 414.53 417.58 1400 426.72 429.77 432.82 435.86 438.91 441.96 445.01 448.06 1500 457.20 460.25 463.30 466.34 469.39 472.44 475.49 478.54 1600 487.68 490.73 493.78 496.82 499.87 502.92 505.97 509.02 1700 518.16 521.21 524.26 527.30 530.35 533.40 536.45 539.50 1800 548.64 551.69 554.74 557.78 560.83 563.88 566.93 569.98 1900 579.12 582.17 585.22 588.26 591.31 594.36 597.41 600.46 2000 609.60 612.65 615.70 618.74 621.79 624.84 627.89 630.94 2100 640.08 643.13 646.18 649.22 652.27 655.32 658.37 661.42 2200 670.56 673.61 676.66 679.70 682.75 685.80 688.85 691.90 2300 = =701.04 704.09 707.14 710.18 713.23 716.28 719.33 722.38 2400 = 731.52. 734.57 737.62 740.66 743.71 746.76 749.81 752.86 2500 762.00 765.05 768.10 771.14 774.19 777.24 780.29 783.34 2600 792.48 795.53 798.58 801.62 804.67 807.72 810.77 813.82 2700 = 822.96 826.01 829.06 832.10 835.15 838.20 841.25 844.30 2800 = 853.44. 856.49 859.54 862.58 865.63 868.68 871.73 874.78 2900 883.92 886.97 890.02 893.06 896.11 899.16 902.21 905.26 3000 = 914.40 917.45 920.50 923.54 926.59 929.64 932.69 935.74 3100 944.88 947.93 950.98 954.02 957.07 960.12 963.17 966.22 3200 975.36 978.41 981.46 984.50 987.55 990.60 993.65 996.70 3300 1005.84 1008.89 1011.94 1014.98 1018.03 1021.08 1024.13 1027.18 3400 1036.32 1039.37 1042.42 1045.46 1048.51 1051.56 1054.61 1057.66 3500 1066.80 1069.85 1072.90 1075.94 1078.99 1082.04 1085.09 1088.14 3600 1097.28 1100.33 1103.38 1106.42 1109.47 1112.52 1115.57 1118.62 3700 = 1127.76 1130.81 1133.86 1136.90 1139.9§ 1143.00 1146.05 1149.10 3800 1158.24 1161.29 1164.34 1167.38 1170.43 1173.48 1176.53 1179.58 3900 =1188.72 1191.77 1194.82 1197.86 1200.91 1203.96 1207.01 1210.06 4000 1219.20 1222.25 1225.30 1228.34 1231.39 1234.44 1237.49 1240.54 4100 1249.68 1252.73 1255.78 1258.82 1261.87 1264.92 1267.97 1271.02 4200 1280.16 1283.21 1286.26 1289.30 1292.35 1295.40 1298.45 1301.50 4300 1310.64 1313.69 1316.74 1319.78 1322.83 1325.88 1328.93 1331.98 4400 1341.12 1344.17 1347.22 1350.26 1353.31 1356.36 1359.41 1362.46 4500 1371.60 1374.65 1377.70 1380.74 1383.79 1386.84 1389.89 1392.94 4600 1402.08 1405.13 1408.18 1411.22 1414.27 1417.32 1420.37 1423.42 4700 1432.56 1435.61 1438.66 1441.70 1444.75 1447.80 1450.85 1453.90 4800 1463.04 1466.09 1469.14 1472.18 1475.23 1478.28 1481.33 1484.38 4900 1493.52 1496.57 1499.62 1502.66 1505.71 1508.76 1511.81 1514.86 5000 1524.00 1527.05 1530.10 1533.14 1536.19 1539.24 1542.29 1545.34 (continued) BES AO) 20 SIO! FAR Mn) ou) 61.) MOL fl SMITHSONIAN METEOROLOGICAL TABLES Proportional parts 80 90 m. m. 24.38 27.43 54.86 57.91 85.34 88.39 115.82 118.87 146.30 149.35 176.78 179.83 207.26 210.31 237.74 240.79 268.22 271.27 298.70 301.75 329.18 332.23 359.66 362.71 390.14 393.19 420.62 423.67 451.10 454.15 481.58 484.63 512.06 515.11 542.54 545.59 573.02 576.07 603.50 606.55 633.98 637.03 664.46 667.51 694.94 697.99 725.42 728.47 755.90 758.95 786.38 789.43 816.86 819.91 847.34 850.39 877.82 880.87 908.30 911.35 938.78 941.83 969.26 972.31 999.74 1002.79 1030.22 1033.27 1060.70 1063.75 1091.18 1094.23 1121.66 1124.71 1152.14 1155.19 1182.62 1185.67 1213.10 1216.15 1243.58 1246.63 1274.06 1277.11 1304.54 1307.59 1335.02 1338.07 1365.50 1368.55 1395.98 1399.03 1426.46 1429.51 1456.94 1459.99 1487.42 1490.47 1517.90 1520.95 1548.38 1551.43 TABLE 15 (CONCLUDED) 93 FEET TO METERS 1 foot = 0.3048 meters Feet 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 m. m. m. m. m. m. m. m. m. m. 5000 1524.00 1527.05 1530.10 1533.14 1536.19 1539.24 1542.29 1545.34 1548.38 1551.43 5100 1554.48 1557.53 1560.58 1563.62 1566.67 1569.72 1572.77 1575.82 1578.86 1581.91 5200 1584.96 1588.01 1591.06 1594.10 1597.15 1600.20 1603.25 1606.30 1609.34 1612.39 5300 1615.44 1618.49 1621.54 1624.58 1627.63 1630.68 1633.73 1636.78 1639.82 1642.87 5400 1645.92 1648.97 1652.02 1655.06 1658.11 1661.16 1664.21 1667.26 1670.30 1673.35 5500 1676.40 1679.45 1682.50 1685.54 1688.59 1691.64 1694.69 1697.74 1700.78 1703.83 5600 1706.88 1709.93 1712.98 1716.02 1719.07 1722.12 1725.17 1728.22 1731.26 1734.31 5700 1737.36 1740.41 1743.46 1746.50 1749.55 1752.60 1755.65 1758.70 1761.74 1764.79 5800 1767.84 1770.89 1773.94 1776.98 1780.03 1783.08 1786.13 1789.18 1792.22 1795.27 5900 1798.32 1801.37 1804.42 1807.46 1810.51 1813.56 1816.61 1819.66 1822.70 1825.75 6000 1828.80 1831.85 1834.90 1837.94 1840.99 1844.04 1847.09 1850.14 1853.18 1856.23 6100 1859.28 1862.33 1865.38 1868.42 1871.47 1874.52 1877.57 1880.62 1883.66 1886.71 6200 1889.76 1892.81 1895.86 1898.90 1901.95 1905.00 1908.05 1911.10 1914.14 1917.19 6300 1920.24 1923.29 1926.34 1929.38 1932.43 1935.48 1938.53 1941.58 1944.62 1947.67 6400 1950.72 1953.77 1956.82 1959.86 1962.91 1965.96 1969.01 1972.06 1975.10 1978.15 6500 1981.20 1984.25 1987.30 1990.34 1993.39 1996.44 1999.49 2002.54 2005.58 2008.63 6600 2011.68 2014.73 2017.78 2020.82 2023.87 2026.92 2029.97 2033.02 2036.06 2039.11 6700 2042.16 2045.21 2048.26 2051.30 2054.35 2057.40 2060.45 2063.50 2066.54 2069.59 6800 2072.64 2075.69 2078.74 2081.78 2084.83 2087.88 2090.93 2093.98 2097.02 2100.07 6900 2103.12 2106.17 2109.22 2112.26 2115.31 2118.36 2121.41 2124.46 2127.50 2130.55 7000 2133.60 2136.65 2139.70 2142.74 2145.79 2148.84 2151.89 2154.94 2157.98 2161.03 7100 2164.08 2167.13 2170.18 2173.22 2176.27 2179.32 2182.37 2185.42 2188.46 2191.51 7200 2194.56 2197.61 2200.66 2203.70 2206.75 2209.80 2212.85 2215.90 2218.94 2221.99 7300 2225.04 2228.09 2231.14 2234.18 2237.23 2240.28 2243.33 2246.38 2249.42 2252.47 7400 2255.52 2258.57 2261.62 2264.66 2267.71 2270.76 2273.81 2276.86 2279.90 2282.95 7500 2286.00 2289.05 2292.10 2295.14 2298.19 2301.24 2304.29 2307.34 2310.38 2313.43 7600 2316.48 2319.53 2322.58 2325.62 2328.67 2331.72 2334.77 2337.82 2340.86 2343.91 7700 =. 2346.96 2350.01 2353.06 2356.10 2359.15 2362.20 2365.25 2368.30 2371.34 2374.39 7800 2377.44 2380.49 2383.54 2386.58 2389.63 2392.68 2395.73 2398.78 2401.82 2404.87 7900 2407.92 2410.97 2414.02 2417.06 2420.11 2423.16 2426.21 2429.26 2432.30 2435.35 8000 2438.40 2441.45 2444.50 2447.54 2450.59 2453.64 2456.69 2459.74 2462.78 2465.83 8100 2468.88 2471.93 2474.98 2478.02 2481.07 2484.12 2487.17 2490.22 2493.26 2496.31 8200 2499.36 2502.41 2505.46 2508.50 2511.55 2514.60 2517.65 2520.70 2523.74 2526.79 8300 2529.84 2532.89 2535.94 2538.98 2542.03 2545.08 2548.13 2551.18 2554.22 2557.27 8400 2560.32 2563.37 2566.42 2569.46 2572.51 2575.56 2578.61 2581.66 2584.70 2587.75 8500 2590.80 2593.85 2596.90 2599.94 2602.99 2606.04 2609.09 2612.14 2615.18 2618.23 8600 2621.28 2624.33 2627.38 2630.42 2633.47 2636.52 2639.57 2642.62 2645.66 2648.71 8700 2651.76 2654.81 2657.86 2660.90 2663.95 2667.00 2670.05 2673.10 2676.14 2679.19 8800 2682.24 2685.29 2688.34 2691.38 2694.43 2697.48 2700.53 2703.58 2706.62 2709.67 8900 2712.72 2715.77 2718.82 2721.86 2724.91 2727.96 2731.01 2734.06 2737.10 2740.15 9000 2743.20 2746.25 2749.30 2752.34 2755.39 2758.44 2761.49 2764.54 2767.58 2770.63 9100 2773.68 2776.73 2779.78 2782.82 2785.87 2788.92 2791.97 2795.02 2798.06 2801.11 9200 2804.16 2807.21 2810.26 2813.30 2816.35 2819.40 2822.45 2825.50 2828.54 2831.59 9300 2834.64 2837.69 2840.74 2843.78 2846.83 2849.88 2852.93 2855.98 2859.02 2862.07 9400 2865.12 2868.17 2871.22 2874.26 2877.31 2880.36 2883.41 2886.46 2889.50 2892.55 9500 2895.60 2898.65 2901.70 2904.74 2907.79 2910.84 2913.89 2916.94 2919.98 2923.03 9600 2926.08 2929.13 2932.18 2935.22 2938.27 2941.32 2944.37 2947.42 2950.46 2953.51 9700 2956.56 2959.61 2962.66 2965.70 2968.75 2971.80 2974.85 2977.90 2980.94 2983.99 9800 2987.04 2990.09 2993.14 2996.18 2999.23 3002.28 3005.33 3008.38 3011.42 3014.47 9900 3017.52 3020.57 3023.62 3026.66 3029.71 3032.76 3035.81 3038.86 3041.90 3044.95 10000 3048.00 3051.05 3054.10 3057.14 3060.19 3063.24 3066.29 3069.34 3072.38 3075.43 +) 10: OIRO 40>) 5:00 60. 70043000 96 Proportional parts m. 30 61 OL 122 152 183 2439244 274 | SMITHSONIAN METEOROLOGICAL TABLES 1 04 TABLE 16 METERS TO FEET 1 meter = 3.2808399 feet Meters 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 ft. ft. ft. ft. ft. ft. ft. ft. ft. ft. 0 O00) NSZ.8 2409.6 7 984 A3SLZ 164.0 . 1969 »°2297 2625 2953 100 328.1 360.9 393.7 426.5 459.3 492.1 5249 557.7 590.6 623.4 200 656.2 689.0 721.8 7546 787.4 820.2 853.0 885.8 9186 951.4 300 984.3. 1017.1 1049.9 1082.7 1115.5 1148.3 1181.1 1213.9 1246.7 1279.5 400 1312.3 1345.1 1378.0 1410.8 1443.6 1476.4 1509.2 1542.0 1574.8 1607.6 500 1640.4 1673.2 1706.0 1738.8 1771.7 1804.5 1837.3 1870.1 1902.9 1935.7 600 1968.5 2001.3 2034.1 2066.9 2099.7 2132.5 2165.4 2198.2 2231.0 2263.8 700 «2296.6 2329.4 2362.2 2395.0 2427.88 2460.6 2493.4 2526.2 2559.1 2591.9 800 2624.7 2657.5 2690.3 2723.1 2755.9 2788.7 2821.5 2854.3 2887.1 2919.9 900 2952.8 2985.6 3018.4 3051.2 3084.0 31168 3149.6 3182.4 3215.2 3248.0 1000 3280.8 3313.6 3346.5 3379.3 3412.1 3444.9 3477.7 3510.5 3543.3 3576.1 1100 3608.9 3641.7 3674.5 3707.3 3740.2 3773.0 3805.8 3838.6 3871.4 3904.2 1200 3937.0 3969.8 4002.6 4035.4 4068.2 4101.0 4133.9 4166.7 4199.5 4232.3 1300 4265.1 4297.9 4330.7 4363.5 4396.3 4429.1 4461.9 4494.8 4527.6 4560.4 1400 4593.2 4626.0 4658.8 4691.6 4724.4 4757.2 4790.0 4822.8 4855.6 4888.5 1500 4921.3 4954.1 4986.9 5019.7 5052.5 5085.3 5118.1 5150.9 5183.7 5216.5 1600 5249.3 5282.2 5315.0 5347.8 5380.6 5413.4 5446.2 5479.0 5511.8 5544.6 1700 5577.4 5610.2 5643.0 5675.9 5708.7 5741.5 5774.3 5807.1 5839.9 5872.7 1800 5905.5 5938.3 5971.1 6003.9 6036.7 6069.6 6102.4 6135.2 6168.0 6200.8 1900 6233.6 6266.4 6299.2 6332.0 6364.8 6397.6 6430.4 6463.3 6496.1 6528.9 2000 6561.7 6594.5 6627.3 6660.1 6692.9 6725.7 6758.5 6791.3 6824.1 6857.0 2100 6889.8 6922.6 6955.4 6988.2 7021.0 7053.8 7086.6 7119.4 7152.2 7185.0 2200 38=7217.8 7250.7 7283.5 7316.3 7349.1 7381.9 7414.7 7447.5 7480.3 7513.1 2300 = 7545.9 7578.7 7611.5 7644.4 7677.2 7710.0 77428 7775.6 7808.4 7841.2 2400 7874.0 7906.8 7939.6 7972.4 8005.2 8038.1 8070.9 8103.7 8136.5 8169.3 2500 8202.1 8234.9 8267.7 8300.5 8333.3 8366.1 8399.0 8431.8 8464.6 8497.4 2600 8530.2 8563.0 8595.8 8628.6 8661.4 8694.2 8727.0 8759.8 8792.7 8825.5 2700 8858.3 8891.1 8923.9 8956.7 8989.5 9022.3 9055.1 9087.9 9120.7 9153.5 2800 9186.4 9219.2 9252.0 9284.8 9317.6 9350.4 9383.2 9416.0 9448.8 9481.6 2900 9514.4 9547.2 9580.1 9612.9 9645.7 9678.5 9711.3 9744.1 9776.9 9809.7 3000 9842.5 9875.3 9908.1 9940.9 9973.8 10006.6 10039.4 10072.2 10105.0 10137.8 3100 10170.6 10203.4 10236.2 10269.0 10301.8 10334.6 10367.5 10400.3 10433.1 10465.9 3200 10498.7 10531.5 10564.3 10597.1 10629.9 10662.7 10695.5 10728.3 10761.2 10794.0 3300 10826.8 10859.6 10892.4 10925.2 10958.0 10990.8 11023.6 11056.4 11089.2 11122.0 3400 =: 11154.9 11187.7 11220.5 11253.3 11286.1 11318.9 11351.7 11384.5 11417.3 11450.1 3500 =11482.9 11515.7 11548.6 11581.4 11614.2 11647.0 11679.8 11712.6 11745.4 11778.2 3600 11811.0 11843.8 11876.6 11909.4 119423 11975.1 12007.9 12040.7 12073.5 12106.3 3700 =12139.1 12171.9 12204.7 12237.5 12270.3 12303.1 12336.0 12368.8 12401:6 12434.4 3800 12467.2 12500.0 12532.8 12565.6 12598.4 12631.2 12664.0 12696.9 12729.7 12762.5 3900 =12795.3 12828.1 12860.9 12893.7 12926.5 12959.3 12992.1 13024.9 13057.7 13090.6 4000 13123.4 13156.2 13189.0 13221.8 13254.6 13287.4 13320.2 13353.0 13385.8 13418.6 4100 13451.4 13484.3 13517.1 13549.9 13582.7 13615.5 13648.3 13681.1 13713.9 13746.7 4200 13779.5 13812.3 13845.1 13878.0 13910.8 13943.6 13976.4 14009.2 14042.0 14074.8 4300 14107.6 14140.4 14173.2 14206.0 14238.8 14271.7 14304.5 14337.3 14370.1 14402.9 4400 14435.7 14468.5 14501.3 14534.1 14566.9 14599.7 14632.5 14665.4 14698.2 14731.0 4500 14763.8 14796.6 14829.4 14862.2 14895.0 14927.8 14960.6 14993.4 15026.2 15059.1 4600 15091.9 15124.7 15157.5 15190.3 15223.1 15255.9 15288.7 15321.5 15354.3 15387.1 4700 = 15419.9 15452.8 15485.6 15518.4 15551.2 15584.0 15616.8 15649.6 15682.4 15715.2 4800 15748.0 15780.8 15813.6 15846.5 15879.3. 15912.1 15944.9 15977.7 16010.5 16043.3 4900 16076.1 16108.9 16141.7 16174.5 16207.3 16240.2 16273.0 16305.8 16338.6 16371.4 5000 16404.2 16437.0 16469.8 16502.6 16535.4 16568.2 16601.0 16633.9 16666.7 16699.5 (continued) ray, 2.0). SONA, Proportional parts 4331066 98 16. [—K=) SMITHSONIAN METEOROLOGICAL TABLES Meters 5000 5100 5200 5300 5400 5500 5600 10000 Proportional parts TABLE 16 (CONCLUDED) 95 METERS TO FEET 1 meter = 3.2808399 feet 0 10 20 30 40 ft. ft. ft. fi cht 16404.2 16437.0 16469.8 16502.6 16535.4 16732.3 16765.1 16797.9 16830.7 16863.5 17060.4 17093.2 17126.0 17158.8 17191.6 17388.5 17421.3 17454.1 17486.9 17519.7 17716.5 17749.3 17782.2 17815.0 17847.8 18044.6 18077.4 18110.2 18143.0 18175.9 18372.7 18405.5 18438.3 18471.1 18503.9 18700.8 18733.6 18766.4 18799.2 18832.0 19028.9 19061.7 19094.5 19127.3 19160.1 19357.0 19389.8 19422.6 19455.4 19488.2 19685.0 19717.8 19750.7 19783.5 19816.3 20013.1 20045.9 20078.7 20111.5 20144.4 20341.2 20374.0 20406.8 20439.6 20472.4 20669.3 20702.1 20734.9 20767.7 20800.5 20997.4 21030.2 21063.0 21095.8 21128.6 21325.5 21358.3 21391.1 21423.9 21456.7 21653.5 21686.4 21719.2 21752.0 21784.8 21981.6 22014.4 22047.2 22080.1 22112.9 22309.7 22342.5 22375.3 22408.1 22440.9 22637.8 22670.6 22703.4 22736.2 22769.0 22965.9 22998.7 23031.5 23064.3 23097.1 23294.0 23326.8 23359.6 23392.4 23425.2 23622.0 23654.9 23687.7 23720.5 23753.3 23950.1 23982.9 24015.7 24048.6 24081.4 24278.2 24311.0 24343.8 24376.6 24409.4 24606.3 24639.1 24671.9 24704.7 24737.5 24934.4 24967.2 25000.0 25032.8 25065.6 29262.5 25295.3 25328.1 25360.9 25393.7 25590.6 25623.4 25656.2 25689.0 25721.8 25918.6 25951.4 25984.3 26017.1 26049.9 26246.7 26279.5 26312.3 26345.1 26378.0 26574.8 26607.6 26640.4 26673.2 26706.0 26902.9 26935.7 26968.5 27001.3 27034.1 27231.0 27263.8 27296.6 27329.4 27362.2 27559.1 27591.9 27624.7 27657.5 27690.3 27887.1 27919.9 27952.8 27985.6 28018.4 28215.2 28248.0 28280.8 28313.6 28346.5 28543.3 28576.1 28608.9 28641.7 28674.5 28871.4 28904.2 28937.0 28969.8 29002.6 29199.5 29232.3 29265.1 29297.9 29330.7 29527.6 29560.4 29593.2 29626.0 29658.8 29855.6 29888.5 29921.3 29954.1 29986.9 30183.7 30216.5 30249.3 30282.2 30315.0 30511.8 30544.6 30577.4 30610.2 30643.0 30839.9 30872.7 30905.5 30938.3 30971.1 31168.0 31200.8 31233.6 31266.4 31299.2 31496.1 31528.9 31561.7 31594.5 31627.3 31824.1 31857.0 31889.8 31922.6 31955.4 32152.2 32185.0 32217.8 32250.7 32283.5 32480.3 32513.1 32545.9 32578.7 32611.5 32808.4 32841.2 32874.0 32906.8 32939.6 SMITHSONIAN METEOROLOGICAL TABLES oh) 20:92:01 3.0 fe, 3:3 (66098 3131 164 19:7 ~.23.0 326:2 (29:5 50 60 70 80 90 ft. ft. ft. Et ft. 16568.2 16601.0 16633.9 16666.7 16699.5 16896.3 16929.1 16961.9 16994.8 17027.6 17224.4 17257.2 17290.0 17322.8 17355.6 17552.5 17585.3 17618.1 17650.9 17683.7 17880.6 17913.4 17946.2 17979.0 18011.8 18208.7 18241.5 18274.3 18307.1 18339.9 18536.7 18569.6 18602.4 18635.2 18668.0 18864.8 18897.6 18930.4 18963.3 18996.1 19192.9 19225.7 19258.5 19291.3 19324.1 19521.0 19553.8 19586.6 19619.4 19652.2 19849.1 19881.9 19914.7 19947.5 19980.3 20177.2 20210.0 20242.8 20275.6 20308.4 20505.2 20538.1 20570.9 20603.7 20636.5 20833.3 20866.1 20899.0 20931.8 20964.6 21161.4 21194.2 21227.0 21259.8 21292.7 21489.5 21522.3 21555.1 21587.9 21620.7 21817.6 21850.4 21883.2 21916.0 21948.8 22145.7 22178.5 22211.3 22244.1 22276.9 22473.8 22506.6 22539.4 22572.2 22605.0 22801.8 22834.6 22867.5 22900.3 22933.1 23129.9 23162.7 23195.5 23228.3 23261.2 23458.0 23490.8 23523.6 23556.4 23589.2 23786.1 23818.9 23851.7 23884.5 23917.3 24114.2 24147.0 24179.8 24212.6 24245.4 24442.3 24475.1 24507.9 24540.7 24573.5 24770.3 24803.1 24836.0 24868.8 24901.6 25098.4 25131.2 25164.0 25196.9 25229.7 25426.5 25459.3 25492.1 25524.9 25557.7 25754.6 25787.4 25820.2 25853.0 25885.8 26082.7 26115.5 26148.3 26181.1 26213.9 26410.8 26443.6 26476.4 26509.2 26542.0 26738.8 26771.7 26804.5 26837.3 26870.1 27066.9 27099.7 27132.5 27165.4 27198.2 27395.0 27427.8 27460.6 27493.4 27526.2 27723.1 27755.9 27788.7 27821.5 27854.3 28051.2 28084.0 28116.8 28149.6 28182.4 28379.3 28412.1 28444.9 28477.7 28510.5 28707.3 28740.2 28773.0 28805.8 28838.6 29035.4 29068.2 29101.0 29133.9 29166.7 29363.5 29396.3 29429.1 29461.9 29494.8 29691.6 29724.4 29757.2 29790.0 29822.8 30019.7 30052.5 30085.3 30118.1 30150.9 30347.8 30380.6 30413.4 30446.2 30479.0 30675.9 30708.7 30741.5 30774.3 30807.1 31003.9 31036.7 31069.6 31102.4 31135.2 31332.0 31364.8 31397.6 31430.4 31463.3 31660.1 31692.9 31725.7 31758.5 31791.3 31988.2 32021.0 32053.8 32086.6 32119.4 32316.3 32349.1 32381.9 32414.7 32447.5 32644.4 32677.2 32710.0 32742.8 32775.6 32972.4 33005.2 33038.1 33070.9 33103.7 4:0) 50) 60K 7.010780 (9:0 06 TABLE 17 STATUTE MILES TO KILOMETERS 1 statute mile = 1.609344 kilometers Statute miles 0 1 2, 3 4 5 km. km. km. km. km. km. km. 0 0 Oe Gago ws (64 810. 97 10 1611) WLAZ evade» 1-200. 32255 ae wee] 20 BD 7 WpS88) AESSI4 0370 S80 40.2 418 30 A934 499. VoSis: 531 547 AEN EL IGS 40 644 660 676 692 708 724 74.0 50 80.5 82.1 83.7 85.3 86.9 88.5 90.1 60 96.6 98.2 99.8 101.4 103.0 104.6 106.2 70 We MINES) 6 TSO IZA AIO WADI» W223) 550 885.1 886.7 888.4 890.0 891.6 893.2 894.8 (continued) SMITHSONIAN METEOROLOGICAL TABLES Statute miles 550 560 TABLE 17 (CONCLUDED) STATUTE MILES TO KILOMETERS 1 statute mile = 1.609344 kilometers 3 4 5 6 km. km. km. km. 890.0 891.6 893.2 894.8 906.1 907.7 909.3 910.9 922.2 923.8 925.4 927.0 938.2 939.9 941.5 943.1 954.3 956.0 957.6 959.2 970.4 972.0 973.7 975.3 986.5 988.1 989.7 991.4 1002.6 1004.2 1005.8 1007.4 1018.7 1020.3 1021.9 1023.5 1034.8 1036.4 1038.0 1039.6 1050.9 1052.5 1054.1 1055.7 1067.0 1068.6 1070.2 1071.8 1083.1 1084.7 1086.3 1087.9 1099.2 1100.8 1102.4 1104.0 LUIS 3) TE!9 ASS IZON 1131.4 1133.0 1134.6 1136.2 1147.5 1149.1 1150.7. 1152.3 1163.6 1165.2 1166.8 1168.4 1179.6 1181.3 1182.9 1184.5 1195.7 1197.4 1199.0 1200.6 1211.8 1213.4 1215.1 1216.7 1227.9 1229.5 ZS 1232:8 1244.0 1245.6 1247.2 1248.9 1260.1 1261.7 1263.3 1264.9 1276.2 1277.8 1279.4 1281.0 1292.3 1293.9 1295.5 1297.1 1308.4 1310.0 TS OM Sse 1324.5 1326.1 1327.7 1329.3 1340.6 1342.2 1343.8 1345.4 1356.7 1358.3 1359.9 1361.5 1372.8 1374.4 1376.0 1377.6 1388.9 1390.5 1392.1 1393.7 1405.0 1406.6 1408.2 1409.8 1421.1 1422.7 1424.3 1425.9 1437.1 1438.8 1440.4 1442.0 1453.2 1454.8 1456.5 1458.1 1469.3 1470.9 1472.5 1474.2 1485.4 1487.0 1488.6 1490.3 1501.5 1503.1 1504.7. 1506.3 1517.6 1519.2 1520.8 1522.4 1533.7 1535.3 1536.9 1538.5 1549.8 1551.4 1553.0 1554.6 1565.9 1567.5 1569.1 1570.7 1582.0 1583.6 1585.2 1586.8 1598.1 1599.7 1601.3 1602.9 1614.2 1615.8 1617.4 1619.0 km. miles km. 9656.1 11000 17702.8 11265.4 12000 19312.1 12874.8 13000 20921.5 14484.1 14000 22530.8 16093.4 15000 24140.2 SMITHSONIAN METEOROLOGICAL TABLES 8 km. 898.0 914.1 930.2 946.3 962.4 978.5 994.6 1010.7 1026.8 1042.9 1058.9 1075.0 1091.1 1107.2 1123.3 1139.4 1155.5 1171.6 1187.7 1203.8 1219.9 1236.0 1252.1 1268.2 1284.3 1300.3 1316.4 1332.5 1348.6 1364.7 1380.8 1396.9 1413.0 1429.1 1445.2 1461.3 1477.4 1493.5 1509.6 1525.7 1541.8 1557.8 1573.9 1590.0 1606.1 1622.2 km. 25749.5 27358.8 28968.2 30577.5 32186.9 a7 9 km. 899.6 OZ 931.8 947.9 964.0 980.1 996.2 1012.3 1028.4 1044.5 1060.6 1076.7 1092.7 1108.8 1124.9 1141.0 1157.1 1173.2 1189.3 1205.4 #2215 1237.6 1253.7 1269.8 1285.9 1302.0 1318.1 1334.1 1350.2 1366.3 1382.4 1398.5 1414.6 1430.7 1446.8 1462.9 1479.0 1495.1 i2 1527.3 1543.4 1559.5 1575.5 1591.6 1607.7 1623.8 98 TABLE 18 KILOMETERS TO STATUTE MILES 1 kilometer = 0.62137119 statute miles Bes Oy 8 1 2 3 miles miles miles miles 0 0.0 0.6 12 1.9 10 6.2 6.8 7.5 8.1 20 12.4 13.0 13-7, «, 14.3 30 18.6; 19:3 19.9 20.5 40 249 ps Doon | 120,1 26.7 50 ot Dee ee S2-Se pe Oe-D, 60 3 eh Tae ms Rs pees) | SMITHSONIAN METEOROLOGICAL TABLES 4 miles (continued) Ndye Cees) CONNOR UMppw ® BOND CODBRNH ONinw? DN SONEH ONASCH \o 8 miles 5.0 TABLE 18 (CONCLUDED) KILOMETERS TO STATUTE MILES 1 kilometer = 0.62137119 statute miles sah 0 1 2 miles miles miles 550 341.8 342.4 343.0 560 348.0 348.6 349.2 570 354:2 354.8 § 355.4 580 360.4 361.0 361.6 590 366.6 367.2 367.9 600 372.8 3734 | 374.1 610 379.0 379.7 380.3 620 385.3. 385.9 386.5 630 SOLS 392.1 —-392.7 640 397.7 398.3 3989 650 403.9 404.5 405.1 660 410.1 410.7 411.3 3 miles 343.6 349.8 miles 3728.2 4349.6 4971.0 5592.3 6213.7 SMITHSONIAN METEOROLOGICAL TABLES 4 miles 344.2 350.5 356.7 362.9 369.1 375.3 381.5 387.7 393.9 400.2 406.4 412.6 418.8 425.0 431.2 437.4 443.7 449.9 456.1 462.3 468.5 474.7 480.9 487.2 493.4 499.6 505.8 512.0 km. 16000 12427.4 100 Metter. a0 st. mi. 0 0 10 11.516 20 23.031 30 34.547 40 46.062 50 57.578 60 69.093 70 80.609 80 92.124 90 103.640 Petes +740 n. mi 0 0 10 8.684 20 17.368 30 26.052 40 34.736 50 43.420 60 52.103 70 60.787 80 69.471 90 78.155 TABLE 19 NAUTICAL MILES TO STATUTE MILES 1 st. mi. 1152 12.667 24.183 35.698 47.214 58.729 70.245 81.760 93.276 104.792 1 nautical mile = 1.151556 statute miles 2 st. mi. 2.303 13.819 25.334 36.850 48.365 59.881 71.396 82.912 94.428 105.943 3 st. mi. 3.455 14.970 26.486 38.001 49.517 61.032 72.548 84.064 95.579 4 st. mi. 4.606 16.122 27.637 39.153 50.668 62.184 73.700 85.215 96.731 107.095 108.246 TABLE 20 5 st. mi. 5.758 17.273 28.789 40.304 51.820 63.336 74.851 86.367 97.882 109.398 6 st. mi. 6.909 18.425 29.940 41.456 52.972 64.487 76.003 87.518 7 st. mi. 8.061 19.576 31.092 42.608 54.123 65.639 77.154 88.670 99.034 100.185 110.549 111.701 STATUTE MILES TO NAUTICAL MILES 1 n. mi. .868 9.552 18.236 26.920 35.604 44.288 52.972 61.656 70.340 79.023 1 statute mile = 0.868390 nautical miles 2 n. mi. 1°737 10.421 19.105 27.788 36.472 45.156 53.840 62.524 71.208 79.892 3 n. mi. 2.605 11.289 19.973 28.657 37.341 46.025 54.709 63.392 72.076 80.760 SMITHSONIAN METEOROLOGICAL TABLES 4 n. mi. 3.474 1251/57 20.841 29.525 38.209 46.893 55.577 64.261 72.945 81.629 5 n. mi. 4.342 13.026 21.710 30.394 39.078 47.761 56.445 65.129 73.813 82.497 6 n. mi. 5.210 13.894 22.578 31.262 39.946 48.630 57.314 65.998 74.682 83.365 7 n. mi. 6.079 14.763 23.447 32.130 40.814 49.498 58.182 66.866 75.550 84.234 8 st. mi. 9.212 20.728 32.244 43.759 55.275 66.790 78.306 89.821 101.337 112.852 ) st. mi. 10.364 21.880 33.395 44.911 56.426 67.942 79.457 90.973 102.488 114.004 TABLE 21 101 NAUTICAL MILES TO KILOMETERS 1 nautical mile = 1.85325 kilometers Nautical miles 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 km. km. km. km. km. km. km. km. km. km. 0 Oe 853i a:7206) 655560) 7-418 9.266 11.119 12.973 14.826 16.679 10 18.532 20.386 22.239 24.092 25.945 27.799 29.652 31.505 33.358 35.212 20 37.065 38.918 40.771 42.625 44.478 46.331 48.184 50.038 51.891 53.744 30 55.597 57.451 59.304 61.157 63.010 64.864 66.717 68.570 70.423 72.277 40 74.130 75.983 77.836 79.690 81.543 83.396 85.249 87.103 88.956 90.809 50 92.662 94.516 96.369 98.222 100.075 101.929 103.782 105.635 107.488 109.342 60 111.195 113.048 114.901 116.755 118.608 120.461 122.314 124.168 126.021 127.874 70 = 129.727 131.581 133.434 135.287 137.140 138.994 140.847 142.700 144.553 146.407 80 = 148.260, 150.113 151.966 153.820 155.673 157.526 159.379 161.233 163.086 164.939 90 166.792 168.646 170.499 172.352 174.205 176.059 177.912 179.765 181.618 183.472 TABLE 22 KILOMETERS TO NAUTICAL MILES 1 kilometer = 0.5395926 nautical miles Kilo- meters 0 1 2 5} 4 5 6 7 8 9 n, mi. n. mi. n. mi. n. mi. n. mi. n, mi. n. mi. n. mi. n.mi. n. mi. 0 0 540 1.079 1.619 2.158 PAG eee SE CES) | CUS 10 5.396 5.936 6.475 7.015 7.554 SOS S.63350e 9.173%, 9-713) 10:252 20 10.792 11.331 11.871 12.411 12.950 13.490 14.029 14.569 15.109 15.648 30 16.188 16.727 17.267 17.807 18.346 18.886 19.425 19.965 20.505 21.044 40 21.584 22.123 22.663 23.202 23.742 24.282 24.821 25.361 25.900 26.440 50 26.980 27.519 28.059 28.598 29.138 29.678 30.217 30.757 31.296 31.836 60 32.376 32.915 33.455 33.994 34.534 35.074 35.613 36.153 36.692 37.232 70 37.771 38.311 38.851 39.390 39.930 40.469 41.009 41.549 42.088 42.628 80 43.167 43.707 44.247 44.786 45.326 45.865 46.405 46.945 47.484 48.024 90 48.563 49.103 49.643 50.182 50.722 51.261 51.801 52.340 52.880 53.420 SMITHSONIAN METEOROLOGICAL TABLES 102 TABLE 23 DAYS TO DECIMALS OF A YEAR AND ANGLE 1 tropical (mean) year = 365.2422 days = 360° Day of month * Tropical Days years Common Leap since since Common year year Jan.1.0 Jan.1.0 Angle year S o anew Oya 10 2s i 0 2.0 1.0 0.0027 0 59 0 3.0 3.0 2.0 0.0055 1 58 21.0 4.0 4.0 3.0 0.0082 73 GY / 22.0 5.0 5.0 40 0.0110 6} &Y/ 23.0 6.0 6.0 5.0 0.0137 4 56 24.0 7.0 7.0 6.0 0.0164 8) 88 25.0 8.0 8.0 7.0 0.0192 6 54 26.0 9.0 9.0 8.0 0.0219 753 27.0 10.0 10.0 9.0 0.0246 8 52 28.0 11.0 11.0 10.0 0.0274 OF 51 Mar. 1.0 12.0 12.0 11.0 0.0301 10 51 2.0 Mar 13.0 13.0 12.0 0.0329 11 50 3.0 14.0 14.0 13.0 0.0356 12 49 4.0 15.0 15.0 14.0 0.0383 13 48 5.0 16.0 16.0 15.0 0.0411 14 47 6.0 17.0 17.0 16.0 0.0438 15 46 7.0 18.0 18.0 17.0 0.0465 16 45 8.0 19.0 19.0 18.0 0.0493 17 45 9.0 20.0 20.0 19.0 0.0520 18 44 10.0 21.0 21.0 20.0 0.0548 19 43 11.0 22.0 22.0 21.0 0.0575 20 42 12.0 23.0 23.0 22.0 0.0602 21 41 13.0 24.0 24.0 23.0 0.0630 22 40 14.0 25.0 25.0 24.0 0.0657 23 39 15.0 26.0 26.0 25.0 0.0684 24 38 16.0 27.0 27.0 26.0 0.0712 25 38 17.0 28.0 28.0 27.0 0.0739 26 37 18.0 29.0 29.0 28.0 0.0767 27 36 19.0 30.0 30.0 29.0 0.0794 28 35 20.0 31.0 31.0 30.0 0.0821 29 34 21.0 Feb. 1.0 Feb. 1.0 31.0 0.0849 30 33 22.0 2.0 2.0 32.0 0.0876 31532 23.0 3.0 3.0 33.0 0.0904 32032 24.0 40 4.0 34.0 0.0931 33mol 25.0 5.0 5.0 35.0 0.0958 34 30 26.0 6.0 6.0 36.0 0.0986 35 29 27.0 7.0 7.0 37.0 0.1013 36 28 28.0 8.0 8.0 38.0 0.1040 BY) 27/ 29.0 9.0 9.0 39.0 0.1068 38 26 30.0 10.0 10.0 40.0 0.1095 39 26 31.0 11.0 11.0 41.0 0.1123 40 25 Apr. 1.0 12.0 12.0 42.0 0.1150 41 24 2.0 Apr. 13.0 13.0 43.0 0.1177 42 23 3.0 14.0 14.0 440 0.1205 43;)722 4.0 15.0 15.0 45.0 0.1232 44 21 5.0 16.0 16.0 46.0 0.1259 45 20 6.0 17.0 17.0 47.0 0.1287 46 20 7.0 18.0 18.0 48.0 0.1314 47 19 8.0 (continued) _* Note.—The notation Jan. 1.0 indicates the be- ginning of the first day of January; Jan. 2.0 the beginning of the second day; ete. SMITHSONIAN METEOROLOGICAL TABLES Day of month Leap year 0.0000 0°00’ Feb. 19.0 Feb. 20.0 19. 20.0 a et —" FSO NANRANE SOMNANA WHS ®& WD DD D Po LORI RIBAS ss Sococoeo SCOoOSSoSoSoS OoSSooSooSo,Sooooceoo -SSoocece ScoscSe NAMBWNH FOOCODNAU BO Days since Jan. 1.0 49.0 NARES NS POSES) SORIENIENG =) SOSOSD SOSCCSoSoOSo CSO Tropical years since Jan. 1.0 0.1342 0.1369 0.1396 0.1424 0.1451 0.1478 0.1506 0.1533 0.1561 0.1588 0.1615 0.1643 0.1670 0.1698 0.1725 0.1752 0.1780 0.1807 0.1834 0.1862 0.1889 0.1917 0.1944 0.1971 0.1999 0.2026 0.2053 0.2081 0.2108 0.2136 0.2163 0.2190 0.2218 0.2245 0.2272 0.2300 0.2327 0.2355 0.2382 0.2409 0.2437 0.2464 0.2491 0.2519 0.2546 0.2574 0.2601 0.2628 0.2656 Day of month Common Leap year year Apr. 9.0 Apr. 8.0 10.0 9.0 11.0 10.0 12.0 11.0 13.0 12.0 14.0 13.0 15.0 14.0 16.0 15.0 17.0 16.0 18.0 17.0 19.0 18.0 20.0 19.0 21.0 20.0 22.0 21.0 23.0 22.0 24.0 23.0 25.0 24.0 26.0 25.0 27.0 26.0 28.0 27.0 29.0 28.0 30.0 29.0 May 1.0 30.0 2.0 May 1.0 3.0 2.0 4.0 3.0 5.0 4.0 6.0 5.0 7.0 6.0 8.0 7.0 9.0 8.0 10.0 9.0 11.0 10.0 12.0 11.0 13.0 12.0 14.0 13.0 15.0 14.0 16.0 15.0 17.0 16.0 18.0 17.0 19.0 18.0 20.0 19.0 21.0 20.0 22.0 21.0 23.0 22.0 24.0 23.0 25.0 24.0 26.0 25.0 27.0 26.0 Days TABLE 23 (CONTINUED) DAYS TO DECIMALS OF A YEAR AND ANGLE 1 tropical (mean) year = 365.2422 days = 360° Tropical years since Jan. 1.0 0.2683 0.2711 0.2738 0.2765 0.2793 0.2820 0.2847 0.2875 0.2902 0.2930 0.2957 0.2984 0.3012 0.3039 0.3066 0.3094 0.3121 0.3149 0.3176 0.3203 0.3231 0.3258 0.3285 0.3313 0.3340 0.3368 0.3395 0.3422 0.3450 0.3477 0.3505 0.3532 0.3559 0.3587 0.3614 0.3641 0.3669 0.3696 0.3724 0.3751 0.3778 0.3806 0.3833 0.3860 0.3888 0.3915 0.3943 0.3970 0.3997 iMITHSONIAN METEOROLOGICAL TABLES Day of month Common Leap Angle year year 96° 36’ May 28.0 May 27.0 97 35 29.0 28.0 98 34 30.0 29.0 99 33 31.0 30.0 101 31 2.0 June 1.0 102 30 3.0 2.0 103 30 4.0 3.0 104 29 5.0 4.0 105 28 6.0 5.0 106 27 7.0 6.0 107 26 8.0 7.0 108 25 9.0 8.0 109 24 10.0 9.0 110 24 11.0 10.0 AI 23 12.0 11.0 11222 13.0 12.0 LG AL 14.0 13.0 114 20 15.0 14.0 115 19 16.0 15.0 116 18 17.0 16.0 117 18 18.0 17.0 STZ, 19.0 18.0 119 16 20.0 19.0 120 15 21.0 20.0 121 14 22.0 21.0 122) 13 23.0 22.0 123'-12 24.0 23.0 124 12 25.0 24.0 125 11 26.0 25.0 126 10 27.0 26.0 127659 28.0 27.0 128 8 29.0 28.0 129) 77. 30.0 29.0 130 6 July 1.0 30.0 31S 2.0 July 1.0 132505 3.0 2.0 133) 74 4.0 3.0 134) 43 5.0 4.0 1350 92 6.0 5.0 136 «1 7.0 6.0 137) 10 8.0 7.0 137 59 9.0 8.0 138 59 10.0 9.0 139 58 11.0 10.0 140 57 12.0 11.0 141 56 13.0 12.0 142 55 14.0 13.0 143 54 15.0 14.0 (continued) Days since Jan. 1.0 147.0 148.0 149.0 150.0 151.0 152.0 153.0 154.0 Tropical years since Jan. 1.0 0.4025 0.4052 0.4079 0.4107 0.4134 103 104 TABLE 23 (CONTINUED) DAYS TO DECIMALS OF A YEAR AND ANGLE 1 tropical (mean) year = 365.2422 days = 360° Day of month Tropical Day of month Tropical EGanbrerit me ee Gat hee Ore ee een mee? ij SeaTiity Tagan Angle year year Jan. 1:0 Janst:0 Angle July 16.0 July 15.0 196.0 0.5366 193°11’ Sept. 3.0 Sept. 2.0 245.0 0.6708 241° 29' 17.0 16.0 197.0 0.5394 194 10 4.0 3.0 246.0 0.6735 242 28 18.0 17.0 198.0 0.5421 195 9 5.0 40 247.0 0.6763 243 27 19.0 18.0 1990 0.5448 196 9 6.0 5.0 248.0 0.6790 244 26 20.0 19.0 200.0 0.5476 197 8 7.0 6.0 249.0 0.6817 245 26 21.0 20:06 5.20105 4,:0.5503 , - 198 7 8.0 7.0 250.0 0.6845 246 25 22.0 21:0: 202'0) 730:5531 199. 6 9.0 8.0 251.0 0.6872 247 24 23.0 22.0h 9203.03 5 10:5558 +200) 5 10.0 9.0 252.0 0.6900 248 23 24.0 23.0 2040 0.5585 201 4 11.0 10.0 253.0 0.6927 249 22 25.0 24 On V205:0n 41025613), 6202: 3 12.0 11.0 254.0 0.6954 250 21 26.0 25.0 206.0 0.5640 203 3 13.0 12.0 255.0 0.6982 251 20 27.0 26.0 207.0 0.5667 204 2 14.0 13.0;, 256.0, 0.7009 5, 252 220 28.0 27.0% 0208.0) :0:5695.4 1205: , 1 15.0 14.0 257.0 0.7036 253 19 29.0 28.0 209.0 0.5722 206 0 16.0 15.0 258.0 0.7064 254 18 | 30.0 29.0 210.0 0.5750 206 59 17.0 16.0 259.0 0.7091 255 17 31.0 30:05) 2211.0, 10:5777., -207 58 18.0 17.0 260.0 0.7119 256 16. Aug. 1.0 31.0 212.0 0.5804 208 57 19.0 18:0 .261.0°.-0.7146 | 5257 ASH 2.0 Aug. 1.0 213.0 0.5832 209 57 20.0 19.0 2620 0.7173 258 14 3.0 2.0 2140 0.5859 210 56 21.0 20.0 263.0 0.7201 259 14 4.0 3.0n e215: Ou O:ne07 1 e2118855 22.0 21.0 264.0 0.7228 260 13 5.0 40 2160 0.5914 212 54 23.0 22:0 265.0 0.7255 9261 112 6.0 5 Oeecis Oni: 5941) #213553 24.0 23.0), 266.0. ;.0:7283 4 s2029AF 7.0 6.0 218.0 0.5969 214 52 25.0 24.0 267.0 0.7310 263 10 8.0 7.0. #219:0) 6 40:5996 * ¢215)-51 26.0 25.0 268.0 0.7338 264 9 9.0 8.0 220.0 0.6023 216 51 27.0 26.0 269.0 0.7365 265 8 10.0 9.08 1 221.05 540160515, 52179150 28.0 27.0 270.0, . 0:7392, | 2266, § 11.0 10.0 2220 0.6078 218 49 29.0 28.0; 271.0: + 0:7420 Ae2675 12.0 11.0 223.0 0.6106 219 48 30.0 29.0 272.0 0.7447 268 6 13.0 12:0, ¥224.0. °0.6133, .220::47 Oct. 1.0 30:0; --273:0:,~ 0.74745 426955 14.0 13:07 222510) 20:6160., 9221.46 2.0 Oct: 1.04 =274.0. 20,7502 eae70ne 15.0 14.0 2260 0.6188 222 45 3.0 2.0) 3275.04 50.7529 Hees ieee 16.0 15.0% 9227.0) 94016215) 62231545 40 3:05 G276.0% :0:7557 Gaaie ee 17.0 16.0 228.0 0.6242 224 44 5.0 40 277.0. 0.7584 — 273-, I 18.0 170% 2229:09950:6270, «225,043 6.0 5.0. 278.0 0.7611. 274. I 19.0 18.0 230.0 0.6297 226 42 7.0 6.0 279.0 0.7639 275 O 20.0 19:0), 99231-0V 063255 6 227/441 8.0 7.0 280.0 0.7666 275 59 21.0 20.0 232.0 0.6352 228 40 9.0 8.0 281.0 0.7694 276 58 22.0 210} 233.071, 1068/95 £229.39 10.0 9.05 282.0% .0.7721 (e27 tesa 23.0 22.0 234.0 0.6407 230 38 11.0 10.0 283.0 0.7748 278 56 24.0 25:04 es0.0¥ \\0:16434,, 2231) 38 12.0 11.0 284.0 0.7776 279 55 25.0 24.0 236.0 0.6461 232 37 13.0 12.0, 285.0: | 0.7803 49280555 26.0 25:0" #237.0' + 10/6489 (23336 14.0 13.0 286.0 0.7830 281 54 27.0 26.0 238.0 0.6516 234 35 15.0 140 287.0 0.7858 282 53 28.0 27.0 239.0 0.6544 235 34 16.0 15.0 288.0 0.7885 283 52 29.0 28.0% «240.0); 10:6571. 9236 33 17.0 16.0 289.0 0.7913 284 51 30.0 29.0 241.0 0.6598 237 32 18.0 17.0 290.0 0.7940 285 50 31.0 30.0 242.0 0.6626 238 32 19.0 18.0 291.0 0.7967 286 49 Sept. 1.0 31.0 243.0 0.6653 239 31 20.0 19.0 292.0 0.7995 287 49 2.0 Sept. 10 244.0 0.6680 240 30 21.0 20.0 293.0 0.8022 288 48 (continued) SMITHSONIAN METEOROLOGICAL TABLES Day of month Common year Oct. 22.0 Oct. 21.0 23.0 31.0 Nov. _e EBOOWMNAMW ROWE tet pe NEE IS) Ne Ni sae SSSSCSoSD SO0C0SCSSO S000 — pe pe N SO EIS IENEME SS LS) SSoo0C0So CO Nov. oO 8 SSOSOSCDSOSDSD ScOoOoDooDoO oo 22.0 — ONS DOONAN whe MNS SOSSsoe je — at pe 22.0 DO NIN UB OY Days since Jan. 1.0 TABLE 23 (CONCLUDED) DAYS TO DECIMALS OF A YEAR AND ANGLE 1 tropical (mean) year = 365.2422 days = 360° Tropical years since Jan. 1.0 SMITHSONIAN METEOROLOGICAL TABLES Angle 289° 47' 6 Day of month Common year Dec. 10.0 11.0 Days since Jan. 1.0 343.0 344.0 345.0 346.0 347.0 348.0 349.0 350.0 Tropical years since Jan. 1.0 0.9391 0.9418 0.9446 0.9473 0.9501 0.9528 0.9555 0.9583 0.9610 0.9637 0.9665 0.9692 0.9720 0.9747 0.9774 0.9802 0.9829 0.9856 0.9884 0.9911 0.9939 0.9966 0.9993 1.0021 Conversion for hours Hours Dec. of a year .0001 105 106 Min. of time Arc Oe 57 74 (0) BLY 3.0 45 41 0 Gi aks Onl 730 7a 45 S20 OZ 1S 1052 930 245 oO ls} Bh UG) 14 3 30 15 3 45 1654 10 7) Ah ANG 18 4 30 4 5 Min. Min. of of time Arc time 251s? Al 22ESRS0) 46 42 23 5 45 43 DA Gin O' 9.144 25605 45 26 6 30 46 27 6 45 47 2870 48 29/5 49 30 7 30 50 31 7 45 51 aY4 ts) AU) 52 SSits) WG 53 34 8 30 54 35 8 45 55 36 9 O 56 37 9 15 57 38 9 30 58 39 9 45 59 4010 0 60 TIME TO ARC TABLE 24 1 hour = 15 degrees of arc Sec. of Arc time Arc 102 157 LOA 157 10 30 2) 0m30 10 45 3.0 45 11.80 44.0 Beals Bl lS 11 30 6 1 30 11 45 7 keds 12 0 8270 12 15 O25 12 30 10 2 30 12 45 1 2645 13 20. IZ Sign 0 1315 ses} IG 13 30 14 3 30 13 45 5 sic4 5 14 0 tS Ae 14 15 V7 ARS 14 30 18 4 30 14 45 19 4 45 15 0 20) Sy 40 TABLE 25 time Arc PAY By Gy? Ze 55 30) 23 SF 4G 24 6 0 25 6. 15 2676.30 27 6 45 BX 7 MV) 29-7), 15 30175 730 S17 45 SYA ton Si} {3-15 34 8 30 35 8 45 361,90 37 9 15 38 9 30 39 9 45 4010 0 41 HOURS, MINUTES, AND SECONDS TO DECIMALS OF A DAY Hours Day 1 0.041 667 270831333 3.125 000 4 166 667 5 0.208 333 6.250000 7 ~~ .291 667 89 -333'335 9 375.000 10 0.416 667 11 = .458 333 12. ~.500 000 13.541 667 14.583 333 15 0.625000 16 .666 667 17. ~—_.708 333 18 ~=.750 000 19 = .791 667 20 0.833 333 21 ~=.875 000 22 .916 667 23 ~—-.958 333 24 1.000 000 SMITHSONIAN METEOROLOGICAL TABLES 30 WODONIAM BWHK 5 Day 0.000 694 .001 389 .002 083 .002 778 0.003 472 .004 167 .004 861 .005 556 .006 250 0.006 944 .009 722 0.010 417 011 111 011 806 .012 500 013 194 0.013 889 .014 583 015 278 015 972 .016 667 0.017 361 .018 056 .018 750 019 444 .020 139 0.020 833 Min. Day 0.021 528 022 222 022 917 .023 611 0.024 305 .025 000 025 694 .026 389 .027 083 0.027 778 028 472 .029 167 .029 861 030 556 0.031 250 .031 944 .032 639 033 333 .034 028 0.034 722 035 417 .036 111 .036 806 .037 500 0.038 194 .038 889 .039 583 .040 278 .040 972 0.041 667 n o ° OBNIAM HhWH- Day 0.000 012 .000 023 .000.035 .000 046 0.000 058 .000 069 .000 081 .000 093 .000 104 0.000 116 .000 127 .000 139 .000 150 .000 162 0.000 174 .000 185 .000 197 .000 208 .000 220 0.000 231 .000 243 .000 255 .000 266 .000 278 0.000 289 .000 301 .000 313 .000 324 .000 336 0.000 347 Sec. 31 Day 0.000 359 .000 370 .000 382 .000 394 0.000 405 .000 417 .000 428 .000 440 .000 451 0.000 463 .000 475 .000 486 .000 498 .000 509 0.000 521 .000 532 .000 544 .000 556 .000 567 0.000 579 .000 590 .000 602 .000 613 .000 625 0.000 637 .000 648 .000 660 .000 671 .000 683 .000 694 TABLE 26 107 DECIMALS OF A DAY TO HOURS, MINUTES, AND SECONDS Days Hr. Min. Sec. Days Min. Sec. Days Sec. 0.01 14 24 0.0001 8.64 0.000001 0.09 02 28 48 2 17.28 2, 0.17 .03 43 12 3 25.92 3 0.26 .04 57 36 4 34.56 4 0.35 0.05 1 12 0 0.0005 43.20 0.000005 0.43 .06 1 26 24 51.84 6 0.52 07 1 40 48 7 1 0.48 7 0.60 .08 1 55 12 8 1 9.12 8 0.69 .09 2 9 36 9 1 17.76 9 0.78 0.10 2 24 0 0.0010 1 26.40 0.000010 0.86 .20 4 48 0 20 2 52.80 20 173 30 7 12 0 30 4 19.20 30 2.59 40 9 36 0 40 5 45.60 40 3.46 0.50 12 0 0 0.0050 7 12.00 0.000050 4.32 .60 14 24 0 60 8 38.40 60 5.18 70 16 48 0 70 10 4.80 70 6.05 80 19 12 0) 80 11 31.20 80 6.91 90 21 36 0 90 12 57.60 90 7.78 TABLE 27 MINUTES AND SECONDS TO DECIMALS OF AN HOUR Decimals of Min. an hour 1 0.016 667 2 .033 333 3 .050 000 4 .066 667 5 0.083 333 6 100 000 7 116 667 8 38) S58) 9 150 000 10 0.166667 11 183 333 12 .200 000 13 .216 667 14 233 333 15 0.250 000 16 .266 667 17 283 333 18 .300 000 19 .316 667 20 = 0.333 333 21 .350 000 22 366 667 23 383 333 24 .400 000 25 ~=0.416 667 26 433 333 27 .450 000 28 466 667 29 483 333 30. ~=—0.500 000 Decimals of Decimals of Min. an hour Sec. an hour Sec. Si 0.516 667 1 0.000 278 31 32 533 333 2 .000 556 32 33 .550 000 3 .000 833 33 34 566 667 4 .001 111 34 35 ~—s-: 0.583 333 5 0.001 389 35 36 .600 000 6 .001 667 36 37 .616 667 7 .001 944 37 38 .633 333 8 .002 222 38 39 .650 000 9 .002 500 39 40 0.666 667 10 30.002 778 40 41 683 333 11 .003 056 41 42 .700 000 12 003 333 42 43 .716 667 13 .003 611 43 44 LSE SES 14 .003 889 44 45 0.750 000 15 0.004 167 45 46 .766 667 16 .004 444 46 47 783 333 17 .004 722 47 48 800 000 18 .005 000 48 49 816 667 19 .005 278 49 50 =: 0.833 333 20 ~=0.005. 556 50 51 850 000 21 .005 833 51 52 866 667 22 .006 111 52 53 883 333 23 .006 389 53 54 .900 000 24 .006 667 54 55 0.916 667 25 0.006 944 55 56 933 333 26 .007 222 56 57 .950 000 27 .007 500 57 58 .966 667 28 .007 778 58 59 983 333 29 .008 056 59 60 1.000000 30 =: 0.008 333 60 SMITHSONIAN METEOROLOGICAL TABLES Decimals of an hour 0.008 611 .008 889 .009 167 .009 444 0.009 722 .010 000 .010 278 .010 556 .010 833 0.011 111 .011 389 .011 667 011 944 012 222 0.012 500 .012 778 .013 056 013 333 .013 611 0.013 889 .014 167 014 444 .014 722 .015 000 0.015 278 .015 556 .015 833 016 111 .016 389 0.016 667 108 TABLE 28 AVOIRDUPOIS POUNDS AND OUNCES TO KILOGRAMS Pounds 0 kg. 0.0000 0.4536 0.9072 1.3608 1.8144 2.2680 2.7216 3.1751 3.6287 4.0823 WOOmNAM RWNHHO Ounces 0 kg. 0.0000 .0283 0567 .0850 1134 0.1417 1701 1984 .2268 2551 10 = 0.2835 11 3118 12 3402 13 .3685 14 3969 152) 04252 WOONAt RPWNHFrO hone 0.0 av. lbs. 0.000 2.205 4.409 6.614 8.818 11.023 13.228 15.432 17.637 19.842 WOONAM RWNHO al kg. 0.0454 0.4990 0.9525 1.4061 1.8597 2.3133 2.7669 3.2205 3.6741 4.1277 ol kg. 0.0028 .0312 0595 .0879 1162 0.1446 1729 2013 .2296 .2580 0.2863 3147 3430 3714 3997 0.4281 0.1 av. lbs. 0.220 2.425 4.630 6.834 9.039 11.244 13.448 15.653 17.857 20.062 1 avoirdupois pound = 0.4535923 kilogram 1 avoirdupois ounce = 0.0283495 kilogram L kg. aS) kg. 0.1361 0.5897 1.0433 1.4969 1.9504 2.4040 2.8576 Dollz 3.7648 4.2184 oe) kg. 0.0085 .0369 0652 .0936 1219 0.1503 1786 .2070 2353 2637 0.2920 3203 3487 3770 4054 0.4337 TABLE 29 KILOGRAMS TO AVOIRDUPOIS POUNDS AND 4 kg. 0.1814 0.6350 1.0886 1.5422 1.9958 2.4494 2.9030 0.4366 5 kg. 0.2268 0.6804 1.1340 1.5876 2.0412 2.4948 6 kg. 0.2722 0.7257 1.1793 1.6329 2.0865 2.5401 2.9937 3.4473 3.9009 4.3545 1 kilogram = 2.204623 avoirdupois pounds 0.2 av. lbs. 0.441 2.646 4.850 7.055 9.259 11.464 13.669 15.873 18.078 20.283 0.3 av. lbs. 0.661 2.866 5.071 7205 9.480 11.685 13.889 16.094 18.298 20.503 Tenths of a kilogram to ounces kg oz. kg. 0.1 3.5274 0.6 2 7.0548 a7, 3 10.5822 8 4 14.1096 9 5 17.6370 1.0 OZ. 0.4 av. lbs. 0.882 3.086 5.291 7.496 9.700 11.905 14.110 16.314 18.519 20.723 21.1644 24.6918 28.2192 31.7466 35.2740 SMITHSONIAN METEOROLOGICAL TABLES 0.5 av. lbs. 1.102 3.307 5.512 7.716 9.921 12125 14.330 16.535 18.739 20.944 0.6 av. lbs. 1.323 3.527 5.732 7.937 10.141 12.346 14.551 16.755 18.960 21.164 OUNCES 0.7 av. lbs. 1.543 3.748 5.952 8.157 10.362 12.566 14.771 16.976 19.180 21.385 0.8 av. lbs. 1.764 3.968 6.173 8.378 10.582 12.787 14.991 17.196 19.401 21.605 Hundredths of a kilogram to decimals of a pound and to ounces 0.9 av. lbs. 1.984 4.189 6.393 8.598 10.803 13.007 15.212 17.417 19.621 21.826 kg. av. lbs. oz. kg. av. lbs. oz. 0.01 0.022 = 0.35 0.06 0.132 = 2.12 02 .044=—0.71 07 154 =2.47 03 .066 = 1.06 08h 76)— 2.82 04 088 = 1.41 001.198 = "3.17 0510 E76 10° 220-353 Grains 0 grams 0 0.0000 10 0.6480 20 1.2960 30 1.9440 40 2.5920 50 3.2399 60 3.8879 70 4.5359 80 5.1839 90 5.8319 Grams 0 grains 0 0.00 1 15.43 % 30.86 3 46.30 4 61:73" 5 77.16 6 92.59 7 108.03 8 123.46 9 138.89 0 grains 0 0.00 10 154.32 20 308.65 30 462.97 40 617.29 50 771.62 60 925.94 70 ~=1080.27 80 1234.59 90 1388.91 TABLE 30 GRAINS TO GRAMS 1 grain = 0.06479890 gram 1 2, 3 4 5 6 7 8 grams grams grams grams grams grams grams grams 0.0648 0.1296 0.1944 0.2592 0.3240 0.3888 0.4536 0.5184 0.7128 0.7776 0.8424 0.9072 0.9720 1.0368 1.1016 1.1664 1.3608 1.4256 1.4904 1.5552 1.6200 1.6848 1.7496 1.8144 2.0088 2.0736 2.1384 2.2032 2.2680 2.3328 2.3976 2.4624 2.6568 2.7216 2.7864 2.8512 2.9160 2.9807 3.0455 3.1103 3.3047 3.3695 3.4343 3.4991 3.5639 3.6287 3.6935 3.7583 3.9527 4.0175 4.0823 4.1471 4.2119 4.2767 4.3415 4.4063 4.6007 4.6655 4.7303 4.7951 4.8599 4.9247 4.9895 5.0543 5.2487 5.3135 5.3783 5.4431 5507/9 e 7 2imeD.00%0 90.7023 5.8967 5.9615 6.0263 6.0911 6.1559 6.2207 6.2855 6.3503 Tenths of a grain Hundredths of a grain grain gram grain gram grain gram grain gram 0.1 0.0065 0.6 0.0389 0.01 0.0006 0.06. 0.0039 a2, ~ .0130 7 ~=.0454 02 0013 07 ~—-.0045 3 .0194 60 eOo1s 03 .0019 08 .0052 4 =.0259 9 0583 04 .0026 09 .0058 5: 0324 1.0 .0648 05 .0032 10 = = .0065 TABLE 31 GRAMS TO GRAINS 1 gram = 15.432361 grains al 2, 3 4 5 6 cd. 8 grains grains grains grains grains grains grains grains 154. Sisto < 463i 6.17 7.72 926 10.80 12.35 16.98 18.52 20.06 21.61 23.15 2469 26.24 27.78 32.41 33.95 35.49 37.04 38.58 40.12 41.67 43.21 47.84 49.38 50.93 52.47 54.01 55.56 57.10 58.64 63.27 64.82 66.36 67.90 69.45 70.99 72.53 74.08 78:71 “80:25 81.79" 83,33 84.88 - 86.42 87.96 89.51 94.14 95.68 97.22 98.77 100.31 101.85 103.40 104.94 109.57 111.11 112.66 114.20 115.74 117.29 118.83 120.37 125.00 126.55 128.09 129.63 131.18 132.72 134.26 135.80 140.43 141.98 143.52 145.06 146.61 148.15 149.69 151.24 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 grains grains grains grains grains grains grains’ grains 15.43 30.86 46.30 61.73 77.16 92.59 108.03 123.46 169.76 185.19 200.62 216.05 231.49 246.92 262.35 277.78 324.08 339.51 354.94 370.38 385.81 401.24 416.67 432.11 478.40 493.84 509.27 524.70 540.13 555.56 571.00 586.43 632.73 648.16 663.59 679.02 694.46 709.89 725.32 740.75 787.05 802.48 817.92 833.35 848.78 864.21 879.64 895.08 941.37 956.81 972.24 987.67 1003.10 1018.54 1033.97 1049.40 1095.70 1111.13 1126.56 1141.99 1157.43 1172.86 1188.29 1203.72 1250.02 1265.45 1280.89 1296.32 1311.75 1327.18 1342.62 1358.05 1404.34 1419.78 1435.21 1450.64 1466.07 1481.51 1496.94 1512.37 gram grain gram grain gram grain gram _ grain 0.01 0.154 0.06 0.926 0.001 0.015 0.006 0.093 02 .309 .07 1.080 002 = .031 007 ~=—-.108 03 463 08 1.235 003 .046 008 123 04 617 09 1.389 004 .062 009 =.139 105) A772 10 = 1.543 005 =.077 010 =.154 SMITHSONIAN METEOROLOGICAL TABLES 109 9 grams 0.5832 12512 1.8792 2.52/72 3:1751 3.8231 4.4711 5.1191 5.7671 6.4151 9 grains grains 138.89 293.21 447.54 601.86 756.19 910.51 1064.83 1219.16 1373.48 1527.80 110 TABLE 32 MILES PER HOUR TO KNOTS, METERS PER SECOND, FEET PER SECOND, KILOMETERS PER HOUR, FEET PER MINUTE Kilo- Kilo- Miles Meters Feet meters Feet Miles Meters Feet meters Feet per per per per per per per per per per hour Knots second second hour minute hour Knots second second hour minute 1 0.9 0.4 1.5 1.6 88 560 48.6) ec o0 82.1 90.1 4928 Bi MER OOD0 12 Ot 3 2 ta176 57 9495 25.5: ‘836 MOL?) \S0iE Bi Ber! Weel ra atl as 264 58 50.4 259 851 93.3 5104 40 SSRN TUL s SCH in 409352 59 512 264 865 95.0 5192 Bt Ag) 2261 7-7.3.49.8.0001-440 60 521 268 880 966 5280 6 52. fad 8.8 9.7 528 Gi Gs) 2748) 89.5 98.2 5368 7 6.1 Sole) OSes 616 YF 1 Baie | 27 90.9 99.8 5456 8 6.9 SO /ae2.9 704 63750547 P9282 92.4 101.4 5544 9 7.8 AO el 3:25 792 64 55.6 28.6 93.9 103.0 5632 10 8.7 AIS 14.7 tou 880 65 56.4 291 95.3 104.6 5720 11 9.6 AOR SON 7e7. 968 66 57.30 4295 96.8 106.2 5808 12104 54 17:6 19:3 1056 67>. 58:2" $300 98.3 107.8 5896 Seles SSiew 1951 S209 wil'44 68 59.1 30.4 99.7 109.4 5984 145 1272 Ovsian 20 oi 2255 1232 69 599 30.8 101.2 111.0 6072 15 13:0 O:7ne 22. O24 1 1320 70: 60.8 4313. 102:7 i127 6160 16 §=13.9 TELS 2, L408 ZV | 260.7 U7 «| JO4T, _ 10453. 6248 17. 148 76 249 27.4 1496 72 1625 32:2 1056 159 6336 18 15.6 8.0 264 29.0 1584 Tar OSA S26 O70 Molise G44 19 16.5 S52 7-9 30'6m) 1672 14 64:3. 97335 10825) WLI GSI2 20 17.4 SO 29:3 32:2) 11760 75° 65.1 933.5 1100 120:7° 127A 6952 Zee leah 250%, 40:2 2200 80 69.55 35.8 117.3 128.7 7040 200) 22:60 WG S81 418 2288 81 70.3 36.2 1188 130.4 7128 2h 235A 2G 39) 43-/5e3 92376 8271-2 Ws6r7, sel 20'S) S20 7216 Zone 24S 2 Seer lee 4 ull (2464 83 72:1 O31 A127 pigsi6- 7304 20° 25.28) )13'0 1 42/5) 946.722 °2552 84" 72.9 ¥ 137.6 1123:2 alg52° 7392 30 26.1 13.4 440 483 2640 85 73.8 38.0 124.7 1368 7480 S31 20:9) 13:98) 45:50 4919) 2728 86 74.7 38.4 1261 138.4 7568 2p ZO 143e 46.9) 515s 2816 87.9 7555 S389) 12716, 14010) 7656 33) 287 6 14:8: .48:49 53:1; 2004 88. 764. 39.3 1291. 9141.6 7744 S44 29 52 15:25 1 49:9) © 54:7. 2902 8987753) 3938) “130'5 Ml43-2 27882 S57 30409 15:6" 51:3 956.3%, 3080 90 782 40.2 132.0 144.8 7920 SOR oles) LO 9 52:6. 57-9 a o168 91 79.0 40.7 133.5 146.5 98008 7 62h) 16:5) 54:3. 595) ~3256 92. 79:9 411 (1349 1481 8096 ath SBHO ICAO) Siero ole eY. 93 80.8 41.6 136.4 149.7 8184 Oe Sa ae dean O71 eee BGO. . vo432 947 81.6 §.42/0) 187:9) W513) 8272 40 347 179 58.7 644 3520 95.7 782:5 -42°5' ~139:3° 152!9 8360 AVS 35:6) 18:3 601 1566:0) 3608 96 83.4 429 140.8 1545 8448 AZ 36:00 18'S 61:67 167.6" » 3696 97 842 43.4 1423 156.1 8536 430 37:3) 1927 163s) G9:298 13784 98 85.1 43.8 143.7 157.7 8624 44 382 19.7 64.5 70.8 3872 99 86.0 443 145.2 159.3 8712 45 39.1 201 660 72.4 3960 100 868 44.7 146.7 160.9 8800 46 39.9 206 67.5 74.0 4048 101 87.7 452 1481 162.5 8888 47 408 210 68.9 756 4136 102 886 456 149.6 1642 8976 AS” 407 Zion 404. Pea72ondeed 103 89.4 46.0 151.1 165.8 9064 49 426 219 71.9 789 4312 104 90'3.) 46:5) 1525) 167-4 O52 50 43.4 224 73.3 80.5 4400 105 91.2 469 1540 169.0 9240 51 443 228 748 821 4488 106: 92:0 «47:4 «155.5 17016 9328 52) 6452 23:2) 76:3iult 83:7. 4 4576 107 92.9 47.8 1569 1722 9416 53° '460' 2357 77-7’) 85:3)» 4664 108 93.8 483 1584 173.8 9504 54 469 241 792 869 4752 109 947 487 159.9 175.4 9592 55 47.8 246 80.7 885 4840 110) 95:55) 49:2) 2 16123 eel7720) 9680 (continued) SMITHSONIAN METEOROLOGICAL TABLES TABLE 32 (CONCLUDED) 13 MILES PER HOUR TO KNOTS, METERS PER SECOND, FEET PER SECOND, KILOMETERS PER HOUR, FEET PER MINUTE Kilo- Kilo- Miles Meters Feet meters Miles Meters Feet meters per per per per per per per per hour Knots second second hour hour Knots second second hour 111 96.4 49.6 162.8 178.6 166 144.2 74.2 243.5 267.2 112 97.3 50.1 164.3 180.2 167 145.0 74.7 244.9 268.8 113 98.1 50.5 165.7 181.9 168 145.9 75.1 246.4 270.4 114 99.0 51.0 167.2 183.5 169 146.8 75.5 247.9 272.0 115 99.9 51.4 168.7 185.1 170 147.6 76.0 249.3 273.6 116 100.7 51.9 170.1 186.7 171 148.5 76.4 250.8 275.2 117 101.6 523 171.6 188.3 172 149.4 76.9 252.3 276.8 118 102.5 52.8 173.1 189.9 173 150.2 F423 25357. 278.4 119 103.3 53.2 174.5 191.5 174 151.1 77.8 255.2 280.0 120 104.2 53.6 176.0 193.1 175 152.0 78.2 256.7 281.6 121 105.1 54.1 17 194.7 176 152.8 78.7 258.1 283.2 122 105.9 54.5 178.9 196.3 177 153.7 79.1 259.6 284.9 123 106.8 55.0 180.4 197.9 178 154.6 79.6 261.1 286.5 124 107.7 55.4 181.9 199.6 179 155.4 80.0 262.5 288.1 125 108.5 55.9 183.3 201.2 180 156.3 80.5 264.0 289.7 126 109.4 56.3 184.8 202.8 181 157.2 80.9 265.5 291.3 127 110.3 56.8 186.3 204.4 182 158.0 81.4 266.9 292.9 128 AEZ 57.2 187.7 206.0 183 158.9 81.8 268.4 294.5 129 112.0 57.7 189.2 207.6 184 159.8 82.3 269.9 296.1 130 112.9 58.1 190.7 209.2 185 160.7 82.7 271.3 297.7 131 113.8 58.6 192.1 210.8 186 161.5 83.1 272.8 299.3 132 114.6 59.0 193.6 212.4 187 162.4 83.6 274.3 300.9 133 tS 5 59.5 195.1 214.0 188 163.3 84.0 275.7 302.6 134 116.4 59.9 196.5 215.7 189 164.1 84.5 277.2 304.2 135 117.2 60.4 198.0 217.3 190 165.0 84.9 278.7 305.8 136 118.1 60.8 199.5 218.9 191 165.9 85.4 280.1 307.4 137 119.0 61.2 200.9 220.5 192 166.7 85.8 281.6 309.0 138 119.8 61.7 202.4 222.1 193 167.6 86.3 283.1 310.6 139 120.7 62.1 203.9 223.7 194 168.5 86.7 284.5 312.2 140 121.6 62.6 205.3 225135 195 169.3 87.2 286.0 313.8 141 122.4 63.0 206.8 226.9 196 170.2 87.6 287.5 315.4 142 123.3 63.5 208.3 228.5 197 171.1 88.1 288.9 317.0 143 124.2 63.9 209.7 230.1 198 171.9 88.5 290.4 318.7 144 125.0 64.4 PAD 231.7 199 172.8 89.0 291.9 320.3 145 125.9 64.8 212.7 233.4 200 173.7 89.4 293.3 321.9 146 126.8 65.3 214.1 235.0 210 182.4 93.9 308.0 338.0 147 277. 65.7 215.6 236.6 220 191.0 98.3 322.7 354.1 148 128.5 66.2 217.1 238.2 230 199.7 102.8 SOUS 370.1 149 129.4 66.6 218.5 239.8 240 208.4 107.3 352.0 386.2 150 130.3 67.1 220.0 241.4 250 ZV Ls 366.7 402.3 151 (Sie 67.5 221.5 243.0 260 22518 6:2 381.3 418.4 152 132.0 68.0 222.9 244.6 270 23425) et Z0'7 396.0 434.5 153 132.9 68.4 224.4 246.2 280 24S eZ 410.7 450.6 154 133.7 68.8 225.9 247.8 290 251.8 129.6 425.3 466.7 155 134.6 69.3 227.3 249.4 300 260.5 134.1 440.0 482.8 156 135.5 69.7 228.8 251.1 310 269.2 138.6 454.7 498.9 157 136.3 70.2 230.3 252.7 320 277.9 143.1 469.3 515.0 158 137.2 70.6 PMI / 254.3 330 286.6 147.5 484.0 531.1 159 138.1 7lal 233.2 255.9 340 295 Sie Z:0 498.7 547.2 160 138.9 7A) 234.7 2575 350 303.9 156.5 513.3 563.3 161 139.8 72.0 236.1 259.1 360 312.6 160.9 528.0 579.4 162 140.7 72.4 237.6 260.7 370 321.3 165.4 542.7 595.5 163 141.5 72.9 239.1 262.3 380 330.0 169.9 557.3 611.6 164 142.4 73.3 240.5 263.9 390 338.7. 174.3 572.0 627.6 165 143.3 73.8 242.0 265.5 400 347.4 178.8 586.7 643.7 SMITHSONIAN METEOROLOGICAL TABLES 112 Kilo- Meters Miles Feet meters r r pevera ee ee ane Knots 1 2.2 3.3 3.6 1.9 Z 4.5 6.6 7.2 3.9 3 6.7 98 10.8 5.8 4 ey SEI 14.4 78 See tl 2a ela wels:0 9.7 OG Weel eh ee alae A hy BO PA AIS) SHOP 26:2 8 928:8 15.5 Oa 20'S ve29'5, 943224 tye5 NO) ZA BVA sly koe! Ga 24:6) eso: 39.6 21.4 Zee 26:8) 394) 9 43:2, 22333 US 7495 CURT Chop AGES} 14ey 31:3 SMITHSONIAN METEOROLOGICAL TABLES TABLE 33 METERS PER SECOND TO MILES PER HOUR, FEET PER SECOND, KILOMETERS PER HOUR, KNOTS, FEET PER MINUTE Feet per minute Meters Miles per per second hour 125.3 127-5 129.7 132.0 134.2 136.5 138.7 Feet per second 183.7 187.0 190.3 193.6 196.9 200.1 203.4 206.7 210.0 213.3 216.5 219.8 223.1 226.4 229.7 232.9 236.2 239.5 242.8 246.1 249.3 Kilo- meters per hour 201.6 205.2 208.8 212.4 216.0 219.6 223.2 226.8 230.4 234.0 237.6 241.2 244.8 248.4 252.0 255.6 (ee 262.8 266.4 270.0 273.6 PA fel Feet per minute 11024 11220 11417 11614 11811 12008 12205 12402 12598 12795 12992 13189 13386 13583 13780 13976 14173 14370 14567 14764 14961 15157 15354 15551 15748 15945 16142 16339 16535 16732 16929 17126 17323 17520 17717 17913 18110 18307 18504 18701 18898 19094 19291 19488 19685 19882 20079 20276 20472 20669 20866 21063 21260 21457 21654 TABLE 34 113 KILOMETERS PER HOUR TO KNOTS, MILES PER HOUR, METERS PER SECOND, FEET PER SECOND Kilo- Kilo- meters Miles Meters Feet meters Miles Meters Feet r er er er Hoar Knots bout Seon aceond tour Knots Loar nenenal secon 1 0.5 0.6 0.3 0.9 56 30.2 34.8 15.6 51.0 2 ea 1.2 0.6 1.8 57 30.8 35.4 15.8 51.9 3 1.6 1.9 0.8 2.7 58 Sle 36.0 16.1 52.9 4 Die, 2.5 ial 3.6 59 31.8 36.7 16.4 53.8 5 727 Sl 1.4 46 60 32.4 YAS: 16.7 54.7 6 AY She 17, 5.5) 61 32.9 37.9 16.9 55.6 7 3.8 4.3 1.9 6.4 62 33.5 38.5 17.2 56.5 8 4.3 5.0 22, 7.3 63 34.0 39.1 17.5 57.4 9 49 5.6 2.5 8.2 64 34.5 39.8 17.8 58.3 10 5.4 6.2 2.8 9.1 65 35.1 40.4 18.1 59.2 11 5.9 6.8 hil 10.0 66 35.6 41.0 18.3 60.1 12 6.5 Ts 3.3 10.9 67 36.2 41.6 18.6 61.1 13 7.0 8.1 3.6 11.8 68 36.7 42.3 18.9 62.0 14 7.6 8.7 3.9 12.8 69 37.2 42.9 19.2 62.9 15 8.1 9.3 4.2 13.7 70 37.8 43.5 19.4 63.8 16 8.6 9.9 4.4 14.6 71 38.3 44.1 19.7 64.7 17 9.2 10.6 4.7 15.5 72 38.9 44.7 20.0 65.6 18 9.7 12 5.0 16.4 73 39.4 45.4 20.3 66.5 19 10.3 11.8 53 17.3 74 39.9 46.0 20.6 67.4 20 10.8 12.4 5.6 18.2 75 40.5 46.6 20.8 68.4 21 11.3 13.0 5.8 19.1 76 41.0 47.2 2 ial 69.3 22 11.9 13.7 6.1 20.0 77 41.5 47.8 21.4 70.2 23 12.4 14.3 6.4 21.0 78 42.1 48.5 PANG ei 24 13.0 14.9 6.7 21.9 79 42.6 49.1 21.9 72.0 25 13.5 15.5 6.9 22.8 80 43.2 49.7 22.2 72.9 26 14.0 16.2 12 PASTE 81 43.7 50.3 22:5 73.8 2. 14.6 16.8 ALS 24.6 82 44.2 51.0 22.8 74.7 28 154 17.4 7.8 25.5 83 44.8 51.6 P25) 1 75.6 29 15.6 18.0 8.1 26.4 84 45.3 5212 Zao 76.6 30 16.2 18.6 8.3 27.3 85 45.9 52.8 23.6 Hikes 31 16.7 19.3 8.6 28.3 86 46.4 53.4 23.9 78.4 32 73 19.9 8.9 29.2 87 46.9 54.1 24.2 79.3 33 17.8 20.5 9.2 30.1 88 47.5 54.7 24.4 80.2 34 18.3 PASI 9.4 31.0 89 48.0 55.3 24.7 81.1 35 18.9 217 9.7 31.9 90 48.6 55.9 25.0 82.0 36 19.4 22.4 10.0 32.8 91 49.1 56.5 25.3 82.9 S¥/ 20.0 23.0 10.3 33.7 92 49.6 SAE 25.6 83.8 38 20.5 23.6 10.6 34.6 93 50.2 57.8 25.8 84.8 39 21.0 24.2 10.8 35.5 94 50.7 58.4 26.1 85.7 40 21.6 24.9 11.1 36.5 95 51.3 59.0 26.4 86.6 41 22.1 25:5 11.4 37.4 96 51.8 59.7 26.7 87.5 42 22.7 26.1 EZ 38.3 97 52.3 60.3 26.9 88.4 43 Zoe 26.7 11.9 39.2 98 52.9 60.9 27.2 89.3 44 257 27.3 WAZ, 40.1 99 53.4 61.5 2765 90.2 45 24.3 28.0 12.5 41.0 100 54.0 62.1 27.8 91.1 46 24.8 28.6 12.8 41.9 101 54.5 62.8 28.1 92.0 47 25.4 29.2 13.1 42.8 102 55.0 63.4 28.3 93.0 48 25.9 29.8 1353 43.7 103 55.6 64.0 28.6 93.9 49 26.4 30.4 13.6 44.7 104 56.1 64.6 28.9 94.8 50 27.0 Sle 13.9 45.6 105 56.7 65.2 29.2 95.7 51 IE Wly/ 14.2 46.5 106 57.2 65.9 29.4 96.6 52 28.1 32.3 14.4 47.4 107 EY ACE 66.5 29.7 97.5 53 28.6 32.9 14.7 48.3 108 58.3 67.1 30.0 98.4 54 29.1 33.6 15.0 49.2 109 58.8 67.7 30.3 99.3 55 29.7 34.2 15.3 50.1 110 59.4 68.4 30.6 100.2 (continued) SMITHSONIAN METEOROLOGICAL TABLES TABLE 34 (CONCLUDED) KILOMETERS PER HOUR TO KNOTS, MILES PER HOUR, METERS PER SECOND, FEET PER SECOND 114 Kilo meters Miles per per hour Knots hour 111 be) 69.0 146 78.8 90.7 147 79.3 91:3 148 79.9 92.0 149 80.4 92.6 150 80.9 93.2 151 81.5 93.8 152 82.0 94.4 153 82.6 95.1 154 83.1 95:7 155 83.6 96.3 156 84.2 96.9 157 84.7 97.6 158 85.3 98.2 159 85.8 98.8 160 86.3 99.4 161 86.9 100.0 162 87.4 100.7 163 88.0 101.3 164 88.5 101.9 165 89.0 102.5 SMITHSONIAN METEOROLOGICAL TABLES Meters per second 30.8 31.1 Feet per second 101.2 Kilo- meters per hour 166 167 Knots 89.6 90.1 90.7 91.2 91.7 92.3 92.8 Miles per hour 103.1 103.8 104.4 105.0 105.6 106.3 TABLE 35 115 KNOTS TO MILES PER HOUR, METERS PER SECOND, FEET PER SECOND, KILOMETERS PER HOUR, FEET PER MINUTE Kilo- Miles Meters Feet meters per per per per Knots hour’ second second hour 1 RZ 0.5 Wi 1.9 2 2.3 1.0 3.4 3.7 3 3.5 LS Sil 5.6 Ae AGuen 21 pws” “174 Be (58a 26 eed 2 9:3 6 6.9 Syl WOM ala 7 8.1 SH WU IS) 8 9.2 A 135) S148 9 104 AIG LO 2 el Ge7, TO Dy 115 Slt y eto9® S18: e227) 5.7 186 20.4 Ze LSS 62592033") 8222 1S el 5:0 O:7 22'0) 24h 14 «16.1 L223. 6 4259 tS ielZe3 def Beeas) S270 16 184 Bi, lsd) PASE 17. =: 19.6 8:8)5428.7 “3S 18 20.7 93 304 33.4 19 21.9 OM SVL yay 0) BD MOSS SiH Sy All PA Z4 2) 10:8 355) 6 PPE 25-3H ll Se7.2) BAO! 78) Aas) lules} — dtsksy) CAS 24 276 124 40.5 445 250 28:80 012-9)) 5422) 44633 26 299 13.4 43.9 482 Qiee Sele 3!9)e 745.6) 50:0 200 322007 14.4.8 847.3 e519 Zoe 334 14.9% 74910) 53:27. 30, S4i5to15.4 6 <50:7 «55:6 SL SEY) IG) GEE Gy 32m S00seP1 ON O40) 59:3 SO SO VAD” Se ala Sdn COZ poe.4) 405.0 95) 40:3.,0:18.0 59.1 649 Boal oS ol OO om nO. Sie AZO el 90 62/5) 68:6 38 43.8 196 642 70.4 OO AS Oe 20: n65:9° 9272.3 400 46:15 5020:6. 467.6. 9741 CN BURZ PALL (SYA AG 42 484 216 709 778 Ab) | Cb) A AAG 77 AAR 50Y/ae 22:7 we 74.3) ele5 Boe S182 23-2171 76.0 “83:4 Ao 53.0W 623.7 877.7 85:2 an 541 242 "794 871 asp 5536s 24:7 2881.1 800 49 564 252 828 908 BOP) 5716 56-25.7 \ 84:4 00:7 Bie 58!7°'°26:.35. 286.1 1.94.5 BZ 59.9) 626.8 87.8 . 96.4 53 610 27.30 189.5 0.982 B4n (62:2)0527.8'. 091.2) 1004 Boy 63'5128.3 5°92.9 101.9 SMITHSONIAN METEOROLOGICAL TABLES Feet per minute Knots 101 56 203 57 304 58 405 59 507 60 608 61 709 62 811 63 912 64 1013 65 1115 66 1216 67 1317 68 1419 69 1520 70 1621 71 1723 72 1824 Ue 1925 74 2027 75 2128 76 2229 77 2331 78 2432 79 2533 80 2635 81 2736 82 2837 83 2939 84 3040 85 3141 86 3243 87 3344 88 3445 89 3547 90 3648 91 3749 92 3851 93 3952 94 4053 95 4155 96 4256 97 4357 98 4459 99 4560 100 4662 101 4763 102 4864 103 4966 104 5067 105 5168 106 5270 107 5371 108 5472 109 5574 110 (continued) Miles per hour 64.5 No) ‘Ovo coco) 6600 0 N=SSG AR ONG NOARW HOON pid 0 \0 0 Meters per second 28.8 Feet per second 94.6 Kilo- meters per hour 103.8 105.6 Feet per minute 5675 5776 5878 5979 6080 6182 6283 6384 6486 6587 6688 6790 116 TABLE 35 (CONCLUDED) KNOTS TO MILES PER HOUR, METERS PER SECOND, FEET PER SECOND, Miles per Knots hour 111 127.8 112 129.0 113 130.1 114 1S1eS 115 132.4 116 133.6 117 134.7 118 135.9 119 137.0 120 138.2 121 139.3 122 140.5 123 141.6 124 142.8 125 143.9 126 145.1 127 146.2 128 147.4 129 148.6 130 149.7 131 150.9 132 152.0 133 153.2 134 154.3 135 155.5 136 156.6 137 157.8 138 158.9 139 160.1 140 161.2 141 162.4 142 163.5 143 164.7 144 165.8 145 167.0 146 168.1 147 169.3 148 170.4 149 171.6 150 7237, 151 173.9 152 175.0 153 176.2 154 177.3 155 178.5 156 179.6 157 180.8 158 181.9 159 183.1 160 184.2 161 185.4 162 186.6 163 187.7 164 188.9 165 190.0 KILOMETERS PER HOUR, FEET PER MINUTE Meters Feet per second 187.5 189.2 190.9 192.5 194.2 195.9 197.6 199.3 201.0 202.7 204.4 206.1 207.7 Kilo- meters per hour 205.7 207.6 SMITHSONIAN METEOROLOGICAL TABLES Miles per hour 12 192.3 193.5 194.6 195.8 196.9 198.1 199.2 200.4 201.5 202.7 Meters per second 85.5 Feet per second 280.4 282.1 283.7 285.4 287.1 288.8 290.5 292.2 293.9 295.6 297.3 Kilo- meters per hour 307.6 309.5 311.3 313.2 315.1 316.9 318.8 320.6 322.5 324.3 326.2 328.0 SEcTION II WIND AND DYNAMICAL TABLES of nove | a COMA wre a Pep way A fein I Pi} ". cigs ed i" Se =~ > et ae a ake 1 ae = oe —_— 7 ote as _ Feas a ado mete TABLE 36 119 BEAUFORT WIND SCALE In 1806 Admiral Sir F. Beaufort devised a scale for recording wind force at sea based on the effect of the wind on a full-rigged man-of-war of that era. In 1838 this scale was adopted by the British Admiralty and with but minor changes had come into general use among mariners for specifying the state of the wind at sea. The International Meteorological Committee (Utrecht, 1874) adopted the Beaufort scale for international use in weather telegraphy, and it now has become the chief scale for specifying the force of the wind and is used in all parts of the world, both on land and on sea. Since the original Beaufort scale described a state of the atmosphere as manifested by the effects of the wind near the surface, there did not exist originally a set of wind speeds corresponding to the various numbers of the scale. A number of efforts were made to obtain appropriate speed equivalents but it was found difficult to reach agreement on this matter because the effect of wind variation with height was neglected. The International Meteorological Committee (London, 1921) requested Dr. G. C. Simpson of the British Meteorological Office to investigate the matter and in 1926 Dr. Simpson pro- posed a set of speed equivalents which were to apply to anemometers exposed 6 meters above the round.1 This scale was adopted by the Committee in Vienna (1926). However, the British Meteoro- ogical Office continued to use a scale proposed by Dr. Simpson in 19062 and applicable to an anemom- eter at a height of about 10 meters above the ground, as did the U. S. Weather Bureau. This scale was based on the empirical equation V = 0.836 B*/2 where V is the wind speed in meters per second and B the Beaufort force. In 1946 the International Meteorological Committee meeting in Paris extended the original Beaufort scale to higher values and redefined the speed equivalents to apply to an anemometer at 10 meters above the ground. Up to force 11 these values are consistent with the values for a height of 6 meters adopted in Vienna (1926) and are identical with those proposed by Dr. Simpson in 1906. Table 36 gives the speed equivalents of the Paris (1946) resolution and also the “descriptive terms” and “‘specifications for use on land’”’ from the Meteorological Observers Handbook (London, 1939). Mean wind speeds at 10 m.* Limits of wind speed at 10 m.* (SS SSE SS Kilo- Kilo- Meters meters Miles Meters meters Miles per per per per per per Force Knots second hour hour Knots second hour hour 0 0 0 0 0 ) 124-9) ZIPS) | OD SS Lal ele? 76 66 1393 PSO SP al2s:2 wllZe7 «| L136. TOS 108.4" F107Al A oe TS) 83 72 1277. GA SON 1079: 104 103) 39933 98.2 13) 345 90 78 LO OZ e043 y99'6 96a) 19335). 2917 906 14 156 97 84 NOSIS 1024" 9618 92:5) 1892" 86:8) 7 85:1) 84-2 Lo Gs 63104 90 1022" OS Seo aneos Soo SO (495 2286 il = 1A ali 96 O58) emOol, - Gaede LO” | Bal 70:0 #45. 43:6 iy iso iy OZ OOM Odo, b AO wameO’ |) fom ales) Os) 76983 18 4-200 22124 «108 85.1 796 {075.5 .d20 O94 “675 7662 655 LO} ZALES ash melalé! SOF oa ei Ge «© 05.7) O40) 62.7 6210 DOieeee ass: 20 76.6 Za 567-67. .048 . 625 GOS: (59:6 77589 Za 2o4. 45) s1Z6 73:0" (68:20 (664.5 .2617 595 579 +568 — 96:1 Dow re4on aloe) | 132 69:7, 65:1 GL6. 4-559 SES 55:2 —542 53.6 23 e250) 59) F158 66.6 62.3 58.9 56.3 545) S20) MOS SieZ 2.4 267 166 144 63:9" 99.7" b0:0) 540) S29 SUG. © 4Si7) aod ZN ere. lidsn e150 61:3. 757.59 Po42 sels -S00 A486 447.7 \C74a7al 26 (289 180 (156 58.9 55.1 byl 49.8 480 46.7 45.8 45.3 2 S00) eSZ. 162 SOs) weeoe! 50.2 480 463 45.0 44.1 43.6 Zo Soll G93 168 54.7 S12) shears HOS «8446 4384 942'6. 742M PO S22) 0 2008 174) 52:8 49:45" 46:7 "44:7 45:10 «409 “4p (40:6 30) wost 207 180 51.1 4782452. unaoe 466; 405 5397 7393 B22 wooo) wzle, 3192 ATO. 44:8) yaaZ. A545 * 3910 13810) A372. 36:8 3.4 378 235 204 Ady By aes noe Ore good SOR Soe aso 147 3.6 400 249 216 A2 6. SO. Oi weclle wrOO0) Gar Ba8 wdal weoees So 426° 203) «228 ADi3 T3704 GOs O4eL SZ OZ. olan oleO 40 445 276 240 SEiSA noses NOL) One: One: ) NSO e208) C5295 A) wAGs 4290) 252 BOs eysdaly dea) GoW: ZO Zoo) 28.4 eee 44 489 304 264 34:8) 5 rS2.0) US) auee.4 W2840 8276 2 7A 26.8 AON poll wl8 276 SoShepolecn ZO OL MEZOe | cies i204) e259 2516 48 534 332 288 SO 29:9.) 262 27.0. | 20.0)” "253°, (24.8. wee 50 556 345 300 SO0Gyuaezo:ve ees 25:9 25:0) (243°) 1925.8) 4123-6 BS 3612 “380 330 27.9) 2601 Z4Giiezow! © eee | 22a) PAG PARE 6.0 667 415 360 25.5 23:9) e226) eeZit6 20:8) 20'3 19.9 19.6 G5 9723 449° 390 23:05 e2eUy neZ0:9 19.9 19.2 18.7 18.3 18.1 7.0 778 484 420 ZAG 205 194 TS) 178. 4a) T70- AGS 8.0 890 553 480 192s pe OR ee GOs oe 16:2) TSG). 152) BAO ate? DOV MO0l ) 7622, 540 17.0 15:90 er 15s 14.4 13.9 13:5 1332 1351 10.0 1112 691 600 15.3 14.3 13.6 1SIOR ZS WAL 11.9 11.8 (To convert knots to other measures of speed see Table 35.) SMITHSONIAN METEOROLOGICAL TABLES 122 TABLE 38 GEOSTROPHIC WIND, CONSTANT PRESSURE SURFACE 200 geopotential foot contours The scalar equation for the geostrophic wind on a constant pressure surface is 1 ob CSS = 9 f on where ® is the geopotential in a constant pressure surface, m is distance measured in the horizontal direction, f is the coriolis parameter, and lV’, is the component of the geostrophic wind normal to the direction in which 1 is measured. 0 i On a constant pressure surface with contours drawn for intervals of 200 geopotential feet (gpit.) this reduces to 0.010436 fAn (continued on next page) Vy (knots) — Contour spacing Latitude Desrces Nauti ee SES EA ay OF ies WSs nee 20e ga cor” SO See ANie— aces tude meters miles miles knots knots knots knots knots knots’ knots’ knots gg) atalit 69 60 AV2i 276.5) , 20912 69:3) T43ske 1248) ESS TOI gl We 76 66 S746) 2 251-38 1 190:2) 53:9) 130 TS 1OR25 5 920 233 83 72 343.4 230.4 174.3 141.1 119.3 1040 928 84.3 1:37 2145 90 78 S1Z0) 212570) 1609s eSO2) TOs 96.0 856 77.8 1.4 156 97 84 294.3 197.5 149.4 120.9 1022 89.1 795) 725 1.5 167 104 90 21ST. eNS4i35 1395e R29) 195145 (83:25 e742 e er OVA 6m L785 pli 96 257.6 72:87, 130:8) 05:8, (8945 780) {696.8 Ga2 eee SO ize 102 242.4 162.6 123.1 9916) 84:2) 73:4) 465355 6 5955 ES 2007) 31245 108 228.9" W53i6) ) 6:27 941 795: 6933 BOS we So:Z2 LOPS Zi Asie 4: 216.9 145.5 110.1 89.1 ss) OS REO SS 20222) Ses 1120 20610) .138:2) 10456. 84:7, 716 62:4, 55:7, 91506 Oe 2845 45, 2126 196:27 ISI As 99:6re ee0lon 681 59.4 53.0 482 Np, Pa Gy NY) ae ¥ US7eSi wl 2507p eos 77.0 65.1 50:7 50:6 4610 ZS m250) Soe 188 17925 12012) ONOD 7316) (62:2) 54:20 CAStAy ea ao 2.4 267 166 144 WA VN BY DS: 596 520 464 422 7s) HRS 11a) 1OP3i SOG) wy SSiJin moses, > S7e2e 4919) BAA AIS ZO) 269) B80) 156 158!5e 06:3) 22 80151 a 65:1 550 480 428 38.9 a OO) ley aI 152.6 102.4 77.55 w962.d>, 53:0) 4G2) «AleZ @ iS 28 311 193 168 147-2) 987s a 74s78 a'6035 Sle 446 398 36.1 ZO SZen yZ00m We 142.1 95.3 qa 58.4 494 43.0 38.4 34.9 3.0 334 207 180 13724) 92:20 69:75 wy O04 47am) AlEGy Sal BY/ S21 wiooo) ee 192 128.8 . 86.4". 65:4.5,52.9 447 3910. (348 2.316 SA 3768) Zoo) 204 121.2 81.3 61.5 49.8 42.1 3037) 32275 W298 3.6 400 249 216 114.5 70:83 Sel 47.0; 3908) 34-7, / 200. 5 Ze 3.0) 423) §263! 228 1084 ry 72:8 e 55:1 446 —=37-7, 32:81) ¥29'3) a 2016 40 445 276 240 103.0 69.1 5213) oe 42:3) (S58) 312) S278 Bhs 42 7467) 290) 252 98.1 658 498 403 34.1 297, e205) peau 44 489 304 264 93:7. $62.8. pe 47-5 ~ 30:5 «= 325s 2A. PS) ea 465i 3181 276 89.6 60.1 ENG alone | Ushlel 27.1 242) — 220 48 534 332 288 85:8!" 57.6. 748.6. 7 5:3; 20:8 260) (252. oat 50, 556 +345 300 8234). 55:35 /41G8. 33:9: 28:6; 250) . uz eo SOP ola) Ss0n 380 JAS SO Spa oe On wos: 2600" 22074 2202 18.4 6.0 667 415 360 68.7 46.1 34:9) 3 28:2) 23:9) 208 slsi6n | 169 6.5 723 449 390 O34 42 once coo) 22:0, 19:2 17.1 15.6 7.0 778 484 420 5S Or 395) ae 2 Olea 0A 17.8 15.9 14.5 8.0 890 553 480 eS 34.6 26.2 21.2 17.9 15.6 13.9 12.6 9.0 1001 622 540 45.8 30.7 23.2 18.8 15.9 13.9 12.4 11.2 10.0 1112 691 600 AM PAS ae ZANE) 16.9 14.3 12.5 11.1 10.1 ‘(To convert knots to other measures of speed see Table 35.) (continued) SMITHSONIAN METEOROLOGICAL TABLES Se = TABLE 38 (CONCLUDED) 123 GEOSTROPHIC WIND, CONSTANT PRESSURE SURFACE 200 geopotential foot contours where An is the contour spacing measured in degrees of latitude (i.e., one unit of An has the length of one degree of latitude at the place for which the contour spacing is measured). Table 38 gives values of Vy, in knots as a function of An and latitude with auxiliary columns giving equivalents of An in kilometers, statute miles, and nautical miles. If the latter are measured by a map scale true at some other latitude the value should be cor- rected to the latitude at which the measurements are taken (see Table 165). Since the geostrophic wind is inversely proportional to the contour spacing and directly proportional to the contour interval (A® gpft.), values of V, for 1/10 of the indicated spacing may be found by multiplying the tabular values by 10, etc., and for contour intervals that are multiples or submultiples of 200 gpft. by multiplying the tabular values by athens (e.g., for 400 gpft. contours multiply by 2, for 100 gpft. contours multiply by 4, etc.). Contour spacing Latitude De Nauti Tuatic Kilo- Statute cal 50° 55° 60° 65° 70° 75° 80° 85° tude meters miles miles knots knots knots knots knots knots knots knots LOY tht 69 60 93:4 99487-4 6826790 76:1 74.1 Vad PINe8 tele 22 76 66 849 79.4 75.1 GcS) (O92) (6723) 9 66 65.3 12 133 83 72 LLG CLES bOORS )RGS:S 635) O87 “606 1599 73 «145 90 78 79 &NG67:2 V,063.6'2..60.7 586) 57:0 S59 55:3 14 156 97 84 66.7 5.5624 49590 5.0564 9544 529 519 Si 15-167 _ 104 90 62.3 582. Sot S26 508 494 . 48:4 479 6) 78) 96 584 546 516 49.3 476 463 454 449 Lee Sy lie 102 549% 251.4 048.660.4854 448 436 42.7 AZ eS) 200) (124% «108 SUD © 48:55 (45:9 1.5439 425331 42) 40.4 1399 OP 2 Tile ie 492) e#46.0 1435 0C4E6 401 39.0 382 37.8 20) 222 138) 120 AOE 457) Ales | 7 S05 238i 370°. 36:3), 2359 Zale 254 145 126 445 D5AlG 9.0395. 20306. S6S.. 35:3! 346 6342 BD VN IGA AIS ¥2 ADS S97. E37 Ouro 34:00! 337, 73310) 13247 Zea 250) 159 138 401606 9380) 35.9 todo) | Soul 322; 36, 331E2 2.4 267 166 144 ICD NiG0:4 Mote OoZ 9) S17.) 30'S; 303) e299 25 278 175 150 YY EOE M eS Sil SG 91305) 29:6), 2951 28.7 Z6 289 1805 156 35.9 ass Ono orm 4) | eZOISNE 28:51:27.9) 927:6 27 S00)) 187s 162 S46 PltsZ.4 PSG nleZ9 2" |) 28:2") 2745 26:9) 12656 ZS Sle | 193) 168 SO CASEZ 04295 1282 272)! 2650 2a) \Zac7 29 322 200° 174 SYA S10 285 Ncere 2600) 255). 254 24.8 3.0 334 207 180 31.1 29.1 27S 2653 25:4 2A 2a 29 a2 356 221m 192 292 MNGZLS G25:0) eA, | 23:80 23:28 2257, e224 sa 878 235) 204 27-5; On25.7. &024:3 \E252 22481 Zee Zi “SBie 3.6 400 249 216 25:9 20243 S230 SAZ19 22S 206: 202 20:0 Bio) 425) 203), 228 24.6. 5230 O8ZE7 25208 ZOOS 195 19.1 18.9 40 445 276 240 254) Zoe 207 DOr) 1910 18.5 182 18:0 42 467 290 252 222, eO20:8) WOlAG:7, V.218:8 18.1 1WZ6n “13 17.1 44 489 304 264 ZARZ ne 99 18.8 17.9 17.3 16.8 16.5 16.3 Ao), Sul S18!) 276 20.3 19.0 18.0 72 OG 16.1 15S R56 48 534 332 288 19.5 18.2 17.2 1G4s i SON Sr4e Ser 15.0 5.0 556 345 300 Ue SUAS 16.5 1S 152 | 148 14.5 14.4 5) 612 380 330 17:0 0015:9 ENTS W144 Se 135 13.2 13.1 6.0 667 415 360 MEW. MGS ISS 13:2) 1278 A286 12a 12.0 65 723 449 390 44 C345 232-7) 6 P21 LUZ WAAR RZ 11.1 7.00 778 484 420 MSHS} 125 LES cree lies! LOG OG E Ora 08s 8.0 890 553 480 eZ OO 10s 9.9 9.5 9.3 9.1 9.0 9.0 1001 622 540 10.4 9.7 9.2 8.8 8.5 8.2 8.1 8.0 10.0 1112 691 600 9.3 8.7 8.3 7.9 7.6 7.4 As 7.2 (To convert knots to other measures of speed see Table 35.) SMITHSONIAN METEOROLOGICAL TABLES 124 TABLE 39 GEOSTROPHIC WIND, CONSTANT LEVEL SURFACE Three millibar isobars, air density 1 kg. m.73 The scalar equation for the geostrophic wind on a constant level surface is where # is the pressure on a constant level surface, 1 is distance measured in the surface, f is the coriolis parameter, p is the density of the air, and VY, is the component of the geostrophic wind normal to the direction in which n is measured. On a constant level surface with a 3 millibar isobaric interval and an air density of 1 kg. m.* (0.001 gm. cm.~*) this reduces to V7, (enots) = ad (continued on next page) Isobar spacing Latitude Degrees cect pe TS ne ee Tae Kath State call LO? 104 9.9 9.6 9.3 9.1 9.0 42 467 290 252 11.2 10.4 9.9- 9.4 9.1 8.9 8.7 8.6 44 489 304 264 10:7, 10:0 9.4 9.0 8.7 8.5 8.3 8.2 46 511 318 276 10.2 9.5 9.0 8.6 8.3 8.1 7.9 7.8 48 534 332 288 9.8 9.1 8.6 8.3 8.0 7.8 7.6 7.5 50 556 345 . 300 9.4 8.8 8.3 7.9 7.6 7.4 7.3 Ve Bon 1612 380) 9 330 8.5 8.0 75 7.2 7.0 6.8 6.6 6.6 0) 667 415: —360 7.8 76S) 6.9 6.6 6.4 6.2 6.1 6.0 6.5 723 449 390 LZ 6.7 6.4 6.1 5.9 57, 5.6 5.9 7.0 778 484 420 6.7 6.3 5.9 5:7 5:5 5.3 52 5.2 8.0 890 553 480 5.9 5.5 5.2 5.0 4.8 4.7 4.6 4.5 9.0 1001 622 540 SW 4.9 4.6 4.4 4.2 41 41 4.0 10.0 1112 691 600 4.7 4.4 41 4.0 3.8 37 3.6 3.6 (To convert knots to other measures of speed see Table 35.) SMITHSONIAN METEOROLOGICAL TABLES 126 TABLE 40 GRADIENT WIND The equation for the gradient wind speed V in cgs units is, vy =f (—14+4/1+44), (1) where y — “radius of curvature” of the trajectory = R tan a (see Table 166), f=Coriolis parameter 2w sin ¢ (w= angular velocity of rotation of the earth, ¢ = latitude), V, = geostrophic wind speed (see Tables 37-39). Equation (1) can be rewritten in the following form st 30005 ( (ee goals 4g ) (2) 3600 rj for any of the following consistent combinations of units: a. V and Vy in miles per hour, r in statute miles, b. “ “ “ “ knots, 7 in nautical miles, “cc “ce “ce c: “ kilometers per hour, r in kilometers. V is a function of the parameter rf and of the geostrophic wind speed Vg only. In applying equations (1) and (2) the following sign convention is necessary: for cyclonic curvature rf > 0, for anticyclonic curvature rf < 0 Table 40 A gives values of the parameter rf as a function of latitude, ¢, and r. Table 40 B gives values of V for cyclonic curvature and Table 40 C for anticyclonic curvature as a function of the parameter rf and the geostrophic wind speed Vy. To find the gradient wind speed at a given point: 1. Determine the latitude ¢ and the value r of the trajectory. (Table 166 indicates a method for finding r on a polar stereographic map projection; for other projections an estimate must be made.) 2. From Table 40 A find the parameter rf. (This parameter is linear in r so that values for other radii than those given may be readily determined from the table, e.g., if r= 2300, add the values for r = 2000 and r = 300.) 3. Determine the geostrophic wind speed Vg at the given point (see Tables 37-39). (V, and r must be in one of the consistent combinations of units given above.) 4. Enter Table 40B (cyclonic case) or Table 40C (anticyclonic case) with the arguments rf and ly. The corresponding tabular value is the gradient wind V in the same units as V5. 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Lo 095-65) cop Come es Sp th Ty OF OF ES ges LN Clea Co eu 8c 82 62 ve ve & Gl= 16) S561 Vi Ve Ol 0.01 igweer woes ae ti 0260: GQNIM LN3IGVYS (GANNILNOD) OF 3ISVL So S$ ¢0" S$ £0 $ ZO" SATSVL TVIISOTOXOSLAW NVINOSHLIWS 4IL rAit 4 T0° 90I 6 cOL 06 96 =S8 16 08 98 9L 08 OZ LL 89 fZ= 59 0£ 2 9955565 C95 95 65% cS $5'9__67 hae oar. % TW Tee. Le Sho Se OC cc ce 82 Seat A 92 2 ve. cca, 02 0c 6! SEa ZI a vias Ti OF Ss 2Z Vian v 5 00S 09b A O8¢ Ore 00¢ 082 092 Ove 022 002 O8T O9T OPT 02T OOT 06 08 02 09 0S SP Or ce of Sc 02 ST Or ) 800° 900° 00° zoo f# °4 129 bZt 8ZI €8I S6L Ore Sel Gel cel. Sel «cSt SOL 901 801 cir OZI SZ Sst ccl 201 882 S02 6ST vel 80T Ove OZT 621 cll OL O8T cel vit ais SPI LST ccl 8cl 8eT COL 90T. TL 08 —Sieq 16 14 cL «OL ZS 8S 266 OS 5 5: ace WS ky SP oe: be 68. (SS 4, amet S 5 92. «fa, LZ Ic We: sie oO Sah OF Ol 01 oe eee) ol, 2 SA1VL TVIISOTOYOSLAW NVINOSHLIWS 006 = 10093440 ({4) OF bj 19043940 4 : Ajdde Surmoyjjoy ay} “yf JO anjea [edI}II19 94} FY “SIeGOST 24} Suoje Moy jOU plnomM purmM 9y} ‘pd}stx9 UOT}IpUOD B YONs JI f payloads oq Ue PUIM JUaIpeis OU (Z) UOT}enba jo sonyea AreuIseW IO.[ “onjpea [BOI}IID Vy} UeY} ssoq are AY} UsYM ATUO pojzEnqe} o1e 4 JO sanjeA ‘O19Z 0} Jenba st (Z) uOHenba ut eorpes oy} YIM JO} 4 JO anjeA 3eY} SB¥ peuyap st eased d1UOpIADIJUe ay} UI 4 JO aNyeA [eID oY .—aLON O2T bl $6 cOl O02I 924 08 S8 86 095 2909) =69= 262 tae Gha OS S65. 9 She Save, SV oO. 2G =500 6€ OF Ib ce th 8h 09 SES aye SVE SSC; OF Behe ety Loe ale = Se — Bei 6c. — OF aE & GE Wc. “IGE °C. ¢C. aCe. SS Ee ebe. = 97 Sie SIS Oly “Os Ole Sige Sie lz OR SO OF OF Obit oi tt. et oyt-Soe S/S ES eee See Sie Ones 7 8 Or 60° 80° 20° 90° SO 0° €0° 20’ 10° 600° 800° 200° 900° #4 aInyeaIny dUOPAITJUY—'D Op FIAv GNIM LN3AIGVvVeS (G3qGN15NO9) OV 31EVL 00S 09¢ Ocr O8¢ Ove 00¢ 082 092 Ove 022 002 08T 09T °A 130 TABLE 41 CORIOLIS PARAMETER AND LATITUDINAL VARIATION Latitude 2w sind (Qo Ss ~)/R Latitude 2w sin b (20 Pe ’)/R sec.-2 cm.-? sec.-1 sec.-? cm.~! sec.-2 0° 0 2.289 x 10°" 50° 172 5lOme ol pi 10m 5 0.1271 «10 2.280 55 1.1947 IPSS} 10 2595 2.254 60 1.2630 1.145 15 3775 PANN 65 1.3218 0.967 20 4988 2.151 70 1.3705 783 25 0.6164 * 10% 2.075 x 10™ 75 1.4087 x 10% 0.593 «x 10 30 7292 1.982 80 1.4363 398 35 8365 1.875 85 1.4529 199 40 .9375 1.754 90 1.4584 0 45 1.0313 1.619 2w sin @ = coriolis parameter. ¢ = latitude. w angular velocity of the earth = 7.292116 x 10° rad. sec.” R=radius of the earth = 6.371229 & 10° m. (mean radius y the Inter- national ellipsoid). B= (2w cos oy = rate at which the coriolis parameter increases north- ward.* Note.—2w cos ¢ = 2w sin (90—¢). * Rossby, C.-G., Journ. Mar. Res., vol. 2, pp. 38-55, 1939. TABLE 42 INERTIAL MOTION The radius of curvature of the path of a particle moving horizontally with a velocity u and acted upon only by the apparent forces due to the rotation of the earth is u/2w sin ¢. As u—> 0 the inertia circle approaches a point and the limiting period T required for the particle to rotate about this inertia circle centered at latitude ¢ is one-half the length of the pendulum day, ie., T= sidereal day/2 sin $ = 23.93447/2 sin ¢ hours. Period fee ate dayy Seon GI 20 hours km. km. km. km. 5° 137.3) vSSSrw7S7, 10 68.91 197 395 592 15 46.24 132 265 397 530 20 34.99 100 200 301 401 25 2002 a ola oz, 243) 324 30 23.93 68.6 137 206 274 35 20.86 59.8 120 179 239 40 18/62), 5s onlO7, e160) 213 45 16.92 485 97.0 145 194 50 15.62 448 89.5 134 179 55 14.61 41.9 83.7 126 167 60 13.82 39.6 79.2 119 158 65 13:20) SCE oe7, LS aS 70 12.74 36.5 73.0 109 146 75 172339 W355i 7.0) S06) 142 80 12.15 348 69.6 104 139 85 12.01 34.4 68.8 103 138 90 11.97 34.3 68.6 103 137 SMITHSONIAN METEOROLOGICAL TABLES Radius of curvature Wind speed—meters per second wo eee eee ee 257 VB0'w 35" 340" 5G. 60's 70% 80. S0n F100 km. km. km. km. km. km. km. km. km. km. 1180 1h 1967 2360 2754 3147 3934 4721 5507 6294 7081 7868 987 1184 1382 1579 1974 2369 2764 3158 3553 3948 662 795 927 1060 1325 1589 1854 2119 2384 2649 702 802 1002 1203 1403 1604 1804 2005 568 649 811 973 1136 1298 1460 1622 480 549 686 960 1097 1234 1371 418 478 598 956 1076 1195 S73 Aes o88 960 1067 339 388 485 313 358 448 293 335 419 277 317 396 265 303 378 255 292 365 248 284 355 244 278 348 241 275 344 240 274 343 TABLE 43 131 ROSSBY’S LONG-WAVE FORMULA Rossby * has shown that in the case of sinusoidal perturbations on a zonal current in an ideal, frictionless, homogeneous, and incompressible atmosphere in horizontal motion, the relation between the velocity of the undisturbed zonal current U and the phase velocity of the perturbation c is given by: : i U-—-c= BES 47° where £ is the rate at which the coriolis parameter increases northward (assumed to be constant with latitude for a given zonal current) and L is the wave length of the perturbation. L is most conveniently measured in terms of degrees of longitude at the latitude in question.? Similarly the resulting BL’/(47n’) is measured in terms of degrees of longitude per, 24 hours; a supple- mental column also gives the result in meters per second. Wave length—degrees of longitude fade 10 15 20 25 30 35 °long. “long. “long. “long. “long. “long. 24hr. m.sec.-? 24hr. m.sec.-t 24hr. m.sec.-? 24hr. m.sec.-? 24hr. m.sec.-? 24hr. m.sec.-? 10° OS O4/ 125 ale fate BH 3145 4:3 49 62 6.6 84 20 Oy 0'6 1.1 1.3 20. 2:4 3.1 S1/ 44 5.4 C073 30 04 0.5 0.9 1.1 ZA ae te LeD fedy PAS, 38) 4.2 Sat 7, 40 O30 103 OZ OFZ 13, 1n3 ZO. 72:0 SOUe 9 40 4.0 50 OZR 0:2 05 0.4 0.9 08 ka Oak Za 187, 28 2:3 60 ONO 0:3" 10:2 0.6 0.4 0.9 0.6 1S Os 1.7 1.1 70 OAT 0:0 One Ost OS) O31 0.4 0.2 0.6 0.3 0.8 0.4 80 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.0 0.1 0.0 OZ Old 0.2 0.0 Wave length—degrees of longitude fale 40 45 50 55 60 65 long. “long. °long. long. “long. long. 24hr. m.sec.-? 24hr. m.sec.-? 24hr. m.sec.-? 24hr. m.sec.-? 24hr. m.sec.-1 24hr. m.sec.-} 10° 8.7 11.0 11.0 13.9 13:35) 17:2 16.4 20.8 1925; 24:7 22.9 29.0 20 LEDS FAO'S 10.0 12.1 12.3 14.9 14.9 18.0 IAP ANAS 20.8 25.2 30 (OY | Fs Bes). OG) LOS eZ. 127 4a TS 16:8 Weg Ge 40 4 616), 16:6 82 Sst 99 98 igs} Te4/ SIS) lse7, 50 37. eae Ae Ge 58. 4:8 LOW ESS 8337 69 98 8.1 60 Dee, 1.4 2.8 1.8 SD 2.3 DM PA SOnr wos 5.9 3.8 70 AO O85 1S OG gos LOY7/ 20 0.9 AC) Zee MN? 80 OS Os O37 VOW 0.4 O01 OS eOu Oe KO Oxi maOl2 Wave length—degrees of longitude fle 70 75 80 85 90 100 “long. “long. °long. long. long. long. 24hr. m.sec.-? 24hr. m.sec.-t 24hr. m.sec.-! 24hr. m.sec.-! 24hr. m.sec.-t 24hr. m.sec.-? 10° 26.5 33.6 30.4 38.6 34.6 43.9 39.1 49.6 43.8 55.6 54.1 68.6 20 24.1 29.2 217 33.6 SIS) 38.2 35.6 43.1 39.9 48.3 49.3 59.7 30 20.5 22.9 23.5 26.3 26.8 29.9 30.2 33.8 33.9 37.9 41.9 46.7 40 16:1 15:9 18.4 182 ZO; 920°7 23:7) 234 26.6 26.2 32.8 32.4 50 LES 9l4: 13.0 10.8 14.8 12.3 16.7 13.8 TRA. ISS Zl lO? 60 69 4.4 FACE A Way 8.9 5.8 10.1 6.5 1teS 7hS) 140 9.0 70 32h eed 3.7 1.6 4.2 1.9 A) i Ses eS 6.617 2.9 80 OS 30:2 10 02 Nal OF 12083 14° 0.3 17 OA: Wave length—degrees of longitude an 110 120 130 140 160 180 “long. °long. “long. long. long. “long. 24hr. m.sec.-? 24hr. m.sec.-? 24hr. m.sec.-t 24hr. m.sec.-! 24hr. m.sec.-? 24hr. m.sec.-? 10° 65.4 83.0 77.9 988 SEA IGON VOOR 1Se5 AS85757) 7533922274. 20 5S9G a Z:2 70.9 85.9 83.2 100.8 9651S O e265 15227 159.6 193.3 30 50.7 56.6 60.3 67.3 70.7. 79.0 82.0 91.6 107.2 119.6 135.6 151.4 40 39.7 39.2 47.2 46.7 55.4 548 64.2 63.5 83.9 83.0 106.2 105.0 6 39.0 32.4 AS23725 59.1 49.0 74.8 62.1 0 23.6 15.3 ZT Ted. SOS Zo 45.3 29.3 2 111 4.9 PS BY7/ 16:83) jee ; 5 ZIT IO'G S15) 0:7 4.3 1 1 Rossby, C.-G., Journ. Mar. Res., vol. 2, pp. 38-55, 1939. ; 2The length of a degree of longitude at various latitudes is given in Table 163. SMITHSONIAN METEOROLOGICAL TABLES i da rr Wink Ae me iv y vy ga ‘ ht ae tn J ih 4 Si 4 ity i$ , Sah oat ; die ‘ ba 1b . vt yy Wiihe SEL } fig been re 4) tah id bi pS oii ks 4 Rides ¥ aves teh wil Vy, Na vii v fa a) Bi tcod hl ‘, Waele Ue ie \ at ; ie . us R: ae ‘a Yi a ea Cae , ay a eo Pas ay SEcTION III BAROMETRIC AND HYPSOMETRIC TABLES hah inal: iit ‘oy + i te qi ra Abe ca aL ui i a i) Lil “orrg 2 =a iy ee a i Rocce SIATSMOe TYE CMA aT EMORAT | | - | | Vota ree i —~ Pha i ) eee | f , cn ve j \ ; . * ian ‘ WG a ” ron oo - Le 4 7 Mane Ws . Ay 7 i TABLE 44 CAPILLARY CORRECTION FOR MERCURIAL BAROMETERS? 15 Table 44 is adopted from Glazebrook’ and gives the depression of the top of the meniscus of the mercury column in barometer and other glass tubes, based on a surface tension of mercury, in vacuo, in contact with glass of 0.444 gram per centimeter. It should be noted that little information is available concerning the surface tension of mercury in the average barometer tube. Its value is likely to differ from the value given, owing to impurities in the mercury and variations in the composition and cleanliness of the glass. Height _ on i=) “NI 8 mm. mm. mm, mm. 0.18 0.11 0.08 0.06 0.36 0.23 0.16 0.12 WWWWH NNEHOB gy NQARBNIO UNHEAHin# SOmMNUDA UNUDWDY NN NNN PeOoOo8 An BNWRON PrDAW BE el fo) rox i) N — o _ oo =) we on — Or Poses nN w — wW i) ee teeta ee eS ooo See RE?) i) N i=) SOMNUD NAWHE — W N DAW © Oo ioe) oO BH DR ee ee — tb nN =a) aren NO (=) 9 10 Bore of tube—millimeters 12 mm. mm. 0.03 0.06 0.09 0.12 0.15 0.18 0.21 0.02 0.03 0.05 0.07 0.08 0.10 0.11 14 mm. 0.01 0.02 heh et pe = NOAM PWN O © Seesefe esses Fes — Ta (==) a \o 00 oS Sososes og: Roan F Jer &S NN ae | Sosooe, Soooor So DO DO DO DO DO NR ee ed oss osse5 Ssessse se ooo WHY In the practice of most meteorological services, including the U. S. Weather Bureau, the capillary correction is included in the corrections furnished with the barometer as determined by comparison with a “standard’’ barometer. The corrections given in Table 44 should not be applied in such cases. 2 Glazebrook, R., Dictionary of applied physics, vol. 3, p. 159, Macmillan and Co., Ltd., London, 1923. SMITHSONIAN METEOROLOGICAL TABLES 136 TABLES 45 AND 46 REDUCTION OF THE MERCURY COLUMN TO STANDARD TEMPERATURE The indicated height of the mercurial column in a barometer or manometer varies not only with changes of atmospheric pressure, but also with variations of the temperature of the mercury and of the scale. It is evident therefore that if the height of the barometric column is to be a true relative measure of atmospheric pressure, the observed readings must be reduced to the values they would have if the mercury and brass scale were maintained at a constant standard temperature. This reduction is known as the reduction for temperature, and combines both the correction for the expansion of the mercury and that for the expansion of the scale, on the assumption that the attached thermometer gives the temperature both of the mercury and of the scale. The freezing point of water is universally adopted as the standard temperature of the mercury, to which all readings are to be reduced. The temperature to which the scale is reduced is the normal or standard temperature of the adopted standard of length. For English scales, which depend upon the English yard, this is 62° Fahrenheit. For metric scales, which depend upon the meter, it is 0° centigrade. As thus reduced, observations made with English and metric barometers become perfectly comparable when converted by the ordinary tables or linear conversion, inches to millimeters and millimeters to inches (Tables 13 and 14), for these conversions refer to the meter at 0° centigrade and the English yard at 62° Fahrenheit. Professor Marvin’ has pointed out the necessity of caution in conversion of metric and English barometer readings. Example: Attached thermometer, 25.4° C. Barometer reading, 762.15 mm. If the temperature is converted to Fahrenheit, 77.7°, and the reading to 30.006 in., the temperature correction according to Table 45 would be — 0.133 inch and the reduced reading 29.873. This would be erroneous. The correct conversion is found by taking the correction corresponding to 25.4° C. and 762 mm., i.e., — 3.15 mm., which gives a corrected reading of 759 mm., and converted into inches gives 29.882 which is the correct result. Professor Marvin further remarks that circumstances sometimes arise in which a centigrade thermometer may be used to determine the temperature of an English barom- eter, or a Fahrenheit attached thermometer may be used with a metric scale. In all such cases the temperature must be brought into the same system of units as the observed-scale reading before corrections can be applied, and the observed reading must then be corrected for temperature before any conversion can be made. With aneroid barometers corrections for temperature and instrumental error must be determined for each instrument. The general formula for reducing Fortin-type mercurial barometers with brass scales to the standard temperature is m(t — tng) —1(t—ts) amar a 4 =) (1) where C =correction for temperature, B = observed height of the barometric column, t= temperature of the attached thermometer, tng = standard temperature of the mercury, m = coefficient of expansion of mercury, l= coefficient of linear expansion of brass, s = standard temperature of the scale. See below for application to fixed-cistern barometers. The accepted determination of the coefficient of expansion of mercury is that given by Broch’s reduction of Regnault’s experiments m = 10° (181792 + 0.175¢ + 0.035116#7) °C. (2) As a sufficiently accurate approximation, the intermediate value m = 0.0001818 has been adopted uniformly for all temperatures in conformity with the usage of the International Meteorological Tables. Various specimens of brass scales made of alloys of different composition show dif- ferences in their coefficients of expansion amounting to 8 and sometimes 10 percent of the total amount. For the sake of uniformity with the International Meteorological Tables, the value /=0.0000184 has been used in the present volume. 1 Marvin, C. F., Month. Weath. Rev., vol. 26, p. 302, 1898. (Continued) SMITHSONIAN METEOROLOGICAL TABLES TABLES 45 AND 46 (CONTINUED) 137. REDUCTION OF THE MERCURY COLUMN TO STANDARD TEMPERATURE Millimeter or millibar barometers—For millimeter or millibar barometers (Fortin type) the formula for reducing observed readings to the standard temperature, 0° C., becomes (m—I)t 1 + mt in which C and B are expressed in the same units and ¢ is in centigrade degrees. For temperatures above 0° centigrade the correction is negative, and hence is to be subtracted from the observed readings. For temperatures below 0° centigrade the correction is positive, and from 0° C. down to — 20° C. the numerical values thereof, for ordinary barometric work, do not materially differ from the values for the corresponding temperatures above 0° C. Thus the correction for —9°C. is numerically the same as for +9°C. and is taken from the table. In physical work of extreme precision, the numerical values given for positive temperatures may be used for temperatures below 0° C. by applying to them the following corrections: C=— 8 (3) Corrections to be applied to the tabular values of Table 46 in order to use them when the temperature of the attached thermometer ts below 0° centigrade Pressure—mm. or mb. - ——— a ee ae 450 500 550 600 650 700 750 800 SC: Sie 0.00 000 000 000 000 000 000 ~©§©0.00 co ‘00 ‘00 ‘00 ‘00 ‘00 ‘00 ‘00 00 —10 0.00 0.00 0.00 000 000 +001 +001 +001 sy ‘00 ‘00 ‘00 00 40.01 01 Ol 01 —12 ‘00 ‘00 00 +4001 ‘01 ‘01 01 01 23 ‘00 00 = +4001 ‘01 ‘01 01 ‘Ol 01 Ly 00 = 40.01 01 ‘01 01 ‘01 ‘01 01 —15 4001. 4001-1001 4001+) 2001) +0101"! Loon’ 0.01 Ric ‘01 ‘01 01 01 ‘01 ‘01 01 ‘01 —17 01 ‘01 ‘01 ‘1 ‘01 ‘01 01 ‘02 —18 ‘OL 01 ‘01 ‘01 ‘01 ‘01 ‘01 02 —19 ‘01 ‘01 ‘01 01 01 ‘01 02 02 —20 4001 +4001 +001 +001 +001 +4002 +4002 +4002 —21 01 ‘01 ‘01 02 02 02 02 02 —22 ‘01 ‘1 02 02 02 ‘02 02 02 —33 ‘1 02 02 02 ‘02 02 02 02 —24 ‘01 02 02 02 02 02 02 03 English barometers—For English barometers (Fortin type) the formula for reducing observed readings to a standard temperature becomes m(t — 32°) —l(t — 62°) Oa 1 + m(t — 32°) (4) where C =correction for temperature in inches, B = observed height of the barometer in inches, t= temperature of attached thermometer in degrees Fahrenheit, m = 0.0001818 X 2 = 0.000101, 1= 0.0000184 x z — 0,0000102. The combined reduction of the mercury to the freezing point and of the scale to 62° Fahrenheit brings the point of no correction to approximately 28.5° Fahrenheit. For temperatures above 28.5° Fahrenheit, the correction is subtractive, and for temperatures below 28.5° Fahrenheit, the correction is additive, as indicated by the signs (+) and (—) inserted throughout the table. (Continued) SMITHSONIAN METEOROLOGICAL TABLES 138 TABLES 45 AND 46 (CONCLUDED) REDUCTION OF THE MERCURY COLUMN TO STANDARD TEMPERATURE Fixed-cistern barometers.—Many commercial millimeter and millibar mercurial barom- eters make use of a cistern of relatively large cross section in which the level of the mercury changes by an amount which is small compared with the change of level in the tube. Readings are made on the mercury level in the tube only, and the level in the cistern inferred from that in the tube. The temperature correction for these barometers is usually somewhat larger than for the Fortin-type barometers. If all dimensions and materials of the barometer are known, it might be possible to calculate this correction. It is usually preferable to determine the temperature correction experimentally by calibrations at two or more temperatures. It has been found to be possible to obtain sufficient accuracy by using the temperature cor- rection tables prepared for the Fortin barometer by entering them with the quantity B-+k where B is the height of the mercury column above the level in the cistern and k is a quantity characteristic of the design of the barometer. In the absence of a temperature test the cistern constant k of a barometer with a metal cistern can be estimated with an uncertainty of 20 percent by the formula ip oe (5) where V =total volume of mercury in the barometer, A = sum of the horizontal cross-section area of the cistern and of the horizontal. cross-section area of the tube at the top of the mercury column. Both A and V are to be measured in terms of the units of the barometer scale itself. The gravity correction for these barometers is the same as for the Fortin barometer. The scale interval of these barometers is often modified so that there will be no cor- rection when the instrument is at some specified temperature and gravity. In this case the correction to be applied is the difference between the usual correction for the ambient temperature and gravity and that for the temperature and gravity for which the barometer is calibrated. Table 46 has been extended to 1200 units in order that the method outlined above may be used for fixed-cistern millibar barometers. U-shaped manometers.—The corrections for temperature given in Tables 45 and 46 are equally applicable to U-shaped mercurial manometers having brass scales calibrated in metric or English units respectively. In this case the “height of the mercury column” is the difference in height between the two arms of the manometer. Tables 45 and 46 are extended to include corrections for the smaller heights usually encountered in working with manometers. 7 National Bureau of Standards, private communication, April 7, 1949. SMITHSONIAN METEOROLOGICAL TABLES TABLE 45 139 REDUCTION OF THE MERCURY COLUMN TO STANDARD TEMPERATURE English units Attached Height of the mercury column—inches ther- a SS mometer 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 oR. inch inch inch inch inch inch inch inch inch inch 0 +0.003 +0.005 +0.008 +0.010 +0.013 +0.016 +0.018 +0.021 +0.023 +0.026 2 +0.002 +0. ie +0.007 +0.010 +0.012 +0. ae +0.017 +40. ae +0.022 +0.024 2 .002 004 007 009 ~—s «O11 013 = .016 018 .020 022 .002 004 .006 008 .010 012 015 017 .019 021 8 002 .004 .006 .008 .009 011 .013 015 017 019 10 .002 .003 .005 007 = .008 .010 012 014 015 017 12 +0.002 +0.003 +0.005 +0.006 +0.008 +0.009 +0.011 +0.012 +0.014 +0.015 14 .001 .003 .004 005 .007 008 .009 011 012 013 16 .001 .002 .003 .005 .006 .007 .008 .009 .010 012 18 .001 .002 .003 .004 .005 .006 .007 .008 .009 .010 20 .001 002 .002 .003 .004 .005 .006 .006 .007 .008 22 +0.001 +0.001 +0.002 +0.002 +0.003 +0.004 +0.004 +0.005 +0.005 +0.006 24 .000 001 001 .002 .002 002 .003 .003 004 .004 26 000 +.001 +.001 +.001 +.001 +. 001 +, 002 002 002 .003 28 .000 .000 .000 .000 .000 000 §=«.000 +.001 +.001 +.001 30 000 ~=..000 000 —.001 —.001 AIOOL 001.001 001 21001 32 0.000 —0.001 —0.001 —0.001 —0.002 —0.002 —0.002 —0.003 —0.003 —0.003 34 —.001 001 002 .002 .003 .003 .004 .004 005 .005 36 001 001 .002 .003 .003 .004 .005 005 .006 .007 38 001 .002 .003 .003 .004 .005 .006 .007 .008 .008 40 .001 .002 .003 .004 .005 .006 .007 .008 .009 .010 42 —0.001 —0.002 —0.004 —0.005 —0.006 —0.007 —0.009 —0.010 —0.011 —0.012 44 .001 .003 .004 .006 .007 .008 .010 011 012 014 46 .002 .003 .005 .006 .008 .009 O11 013 014 .016 48 .002 .004 .005 007 = .009 011 012 014 .016 .018 50 .002 .004 .006 .008 .010 012 014 .016 018 019 52 —0.002 —0.004 —0.006 —0.008 —0.011 —0.013 —0.015 —0.017 —0.019 —0.021 54 .002 005 .007 .009 011 014 .016 018 021 023 56 .002 005 .007 010 * 4012 015 017 .020 .022 025 58 .003 005 .008 011 013 .016 .019 021 024 027 60 .003 .006 .008 011 014 017 .020 .023 025 .028 62 —0.003 —0.006 —0.009 —0.012 —0.015 —0.018 —0.021 —0.024 —0.027 —0.030 64 .003 .006 .010 013 016 019 022 .026 .029 .032 66 .003 007 010 014 017 020 024 027 031 034 68 004 007 011 014 018 021 025 028 032 036 70 004 007 011 015 .019 022 026 030 034 037 72 —0.004 —0.008 —0.012 —0.016 —0.020 —0.024 —0.027 —0.031 —0.035 —0.039 74 004 008 012 016 .020 025 029 033 037 041 76 004 009 013 017 021 026 030 034 038 043 78 004 009 013 018 022 027 031 036 040 045 80 005 009 014 019 023 028 032 037 042 046 82 —0.005 —0.010 —0.014 —0.019 —0.024 —0.029 —0.034 —0.039 —0.043 —0.048 84 005 010 015 020 025 030 035 040 045 050 86 005 010 016 021 026 031 036 042 047 052 88 005 011 016 021 .027 032 037 043 048 053 90 006 011 017 022 028 033 039 044 050 055 92 —0.006 —0.011 —0.017 —0.023 —0.029 —0.034 —0.040 —0.046 —0.052 —0.057 94 006 012 018 024 .030 035 041 047 053 059 96 006 012 018 024 .030 036 043 049 055 061 98 006 013 019 025 031 038 044 050 056 063 100 006 013 019 026 .032 039 045 051 058 064 (continued) SMITHSONIAN METEOROLOGICAL TABLES 140 TABLE 45 (CONTINUED) REDUCTION OF THE MERCURY COLUMN TO STANDARD TEMPERATURE English units (Attached Height of the mercury column—inches er- oo eat Ge. Ma ae tS MIE inch inch inch inch inch 0 +0.029 +0.031 +0.034 +0.037 +0.039 2 +0. pee +0. nee +0. ao +0.034 +0.036 4 025 027 031 033 6 023 025 07 .029 .031 8 021 023 025 .026 .028 10 019 .020 .022 024 025 12 +0.017 +0. on +0. p20 +0.021 -+0.023 14 015 016 .018 .020 16 O13 014 Os .016 017 18 011 012 013 014 015 20 .009 .009 .010 O11 012 22 +0. me +0.007 +0.008 +0.008 +0.009 24 005 .006 006 .006 26 003 003 003 004 .004 28 +.001 +.001 +.001 +.001 +.001 30 —0.001 —0.002 —0.002 —0.002 —0.002 32 —0.003 —0.004 —0.004 —0.004 —0.005 34 005 .006 .007 .007 .008 36 .007 .008 .009 .009 .010 38 .009 .010 011 012 013 40 011 012 013 015 .016 2 —0.013 —0.015 —0.016 —0.017 —0.018 44 015 017 018 019 021 46 017 019 .020 022 024 48 019 021 023 025 .026 50 021 .023 025 027 .029 52 —0.023 —0.025 —0.027 —0.030 —0.032 54 025 .028 .030 .032 034 56 .027 .030 .032 035 .037 58 029%). 1032 035 .037 .040 60 .031 034 = .037 .040 .042 62 —0.033 —0.036 —0.039 —0.042 —0.045 64 035 .038 042 045 .048 66 037 041 044 048 051 68 039 043 .046 050 053 70 041 045 .049 052 056 72 —0.043 —0.047 —0.051 —0.055 —0.059 74 045 049 = .053 057 061 76 047 051 .056 060 064 78 049 054 =. .058 062 067 80 051 056 .060 065 070 82 —0.053 —0.058 —0.063 —0.067 —0.072 84 055 060 ~ .065 070 075 86 057 062 ~~ .067 073 078 88 059 064 .070 075 080 90 061 066 072 078 083 92 —0.063 —0.069 —0.074 —0.080 —0.086 94 065 071 077 083 089 96 .067 073 079 085 091 98 069 =.075 081 088 094 100 071 077 ~—s- .084 090 097 (continued) SMITHSONIAN METEOROLOGICAL TABLES 16 inch 17 18 19 inch inch inch 20 inch +0.042 +0.044 +0.047 +0.050 +0.052 +0.039 +0. Heh +0. er +0.046 +0.049 036 043 = =.045 033.035 037 039.041 0300) *.03210, 03400, 036.5 4-038 022, 02909, 038 032 034 +0.024 +0.026 +0.027 +0.029 +0.030 021 023i", 0240) 025 R027 019m) 020%. 021 022 023 016%: 016%) (01775, 018 ~ ROIS 013i) 013%, .01400. 015 ple +0.010 +0.010 +0.011 +0.011 +0.012 007), 007°, 008, .008 008 .004 004 = .004 005 = .005 +.001 +.001 +.001 +.001 +.001 —0.002 —0.002 —0.002 —0.002 —0.002 —0.005 —0.005 —0.006 —0.006 —0.006 .008 008 = .009 009 ~=.010 O11 011 012 013! “R:013 014 014 ~=—s 015 016 ~=—.017 017 018 = =.019 020 ~=—-.021 —0.020 —0.021 —0.022 —0.023 —0.024 022 024, .025 026 ~=.028 025 027. = .028 030 =.031 .028 030 032 033), 73035 031 033m), -035 037 ~ ».039 —0.034 —0.036 —0.038 —0.040 —0.042 .037 039 041 044 ~~ =.046 .040 042 8.045 047. ~—.050 043 045 048 051 053 .045 048 = .051 054 = .057 —0.048 —0.051 —0.054 —0.057 —0.060 051 054 = .058 061 064 054 057 ~—=«.061 064 .068 .057 061 064 068 071 .060 064 ~=—-.067 071 075 —0.063 —0.067 —0.071 —0.075 —0.078 .065 070 = .074 078 ~=—-.082 .068 073, ~~ 077, 081 086 971 076 =. .080 085 = .089 074 079 ~=—.084 088 .093 —0.077 —0.082 —0.087 —0.092 —0.096 .080 085 .090 095 ~—-.100 .083 088 .093 098 = .104 .086 091 .096 102 ., »sl07 .089 094 ~—-.100 105, eult —0.092 —0.097 —0.103 —0.109 —0.114 095 100 ~=—.106 112. galls 097;, 108)" 109, 115 pala 100; .106;,. 1t3y, .119 galas 103%, 108, .1ibjy .122) gales TABLE 45 (CONTINUED) 141 REDUCTION OF THE MERCURY COLUMN TO STANDARD TEMPERATURE Attached ther- mometer °F. 0.0 _— bt pt pee pt — ht pt pt OE EAS) eae are ee meee aN OO 8 TTI AN 0) AI ND) Oe oe SOND COCO EST) SCN CY CRs Cn) fea 2 COE IND SNUSND NSOMNON DNONUND NOMNSHN BDUSCMND NOMON DUOMO NONDN BDUNONSD UWMoMonw NNNNDN MMMM D ee 19.0 inch 195 inch 20.0 inch English units Height of the mercury column—inches 20.5 inch 21.0 inch +0.050 +0.051 +0.052 +0.053 +0.055 ve i +0. on +0.051 +0. ee +0.054 +0.044 043 043 042 041 +0.040 .039 .038 .037 .037 +.0.036 035 +0.031 .030 .030 .029 .028 +0.027 .026 025 .024 .024 +0.023 .022 021 .020 019 +0.018 7 +0.014 013 012 O11 O11 +0.010 .009 .008 .007 .006 050 053 ae 049 051 052 .047 .049 .050 051 046 048 .049 050 +0.046 +0.047 +0.048 +0.049 045 046 047 .048 044 045 046 047 043 044 .045 046 042 043 044 045 +0.041 +-0.042 +0.043 +0.044 .040 041 042 043 .039 .040 041 042 .038 039 .040 041 038 .038 .039 .040 +0.037 +0.038 +0.038 +-0.039 .036 .037 .038 .038 035 .036 037 .038 034 035 .036 037 033 .034 035 .036 +0.032 +0.033 +0.034 +0.035 031 032 033 034 .030 031 032 033 .030 .030 031 032 029 .029 .030 .031 +0. a +0.028 +0.029 +0.030 027 .028 .028 029 026 027 027 .028 025 .026 .026 027 024 025 025 .026 +0.023 +0.024 +L0. 1 +0.025 023 .023 024 024 .022 022 023 023 021 .021 .022 .022 .020 .020 021 021 +0.019 +0.019 +0.020 +0.020 018 018 019 019 017 018 018 .018 .016 017 017 017 015 .016 016 .016 +0.014 +0.015 +0.015 +0.016 014 014 014 015 .013 013 013 014 012 012 012 013 011 011 011 012 +0.010 +0.010 +0.010 +0.011 .009 .009 .010 .010 .008 .008 .009 .009 .007 .008 .008 .008 .006 .007 .007 .007 (continued) SMITHSONIAN METEOROLOGICAL TABLES a 21.5 22.0 22:5 23.0 23.5 inch inch inch inch inch +0.056 +0.057 +0.059 +0.060 +0.061 +0.055 +0. ra +0. ne +0.059 +0.060 054 055 058 .059 053.054 056 057.058 52) 2053. 1055.) 056" 2057 051 052», 4054. 9055 056 +0.050 +0.051 +0.053 +0.054 +0.055 049 6.050) 5051 053 054 048 049 050 %.052 053 047 = =.048 = .049 051 052 046 047 048 049 .051 +0. +0.046 +0. ae +0. we +0.049 044 045 046 047 048 043 044 «045 «046 ~=S 1047 042 043 044 045 .046 041 042 = .043 044 = .045 +0.040 +0.041 +0.042 +0.043 +0.044 039 040 ~«.041 042 043 038 .039 040 041 042 037-038), 039° 040)" | O41 1036» § 037: 22038), 039: 040 +0.035 +0.036 +0. O37 +0.038 +-0.039 034 035 036 .037 .038 034 034.035 .036.-~— 037 .033 033 034 035.036 032». $032, \ (033. 034. 2034 +0.031 +0.031 +0.032 +0.033 +0.033 030 94.030) «031 032, 032 1029; 32029-12030. 031 031 026 028 029° 030° 1030 27a S027 1028) \yes029. 029 +0.026 +0.026 +0.027 +0.027 +0.028 025 025 026. *.2026 027, 024 56024 e025. 14025 026 023 .023 024 024 025 0226. S022. 24023 023 024 +0.021 +0.021 +0.022 +0.022 +0.023 1020), 4020) 951021 021 .022 019 e019, o5:020 we:020), | 021 O18: | 018) 019" O19 2020 O17, L017. 02018, on018: 018 one +0. Ne +0. ae +0. oy +0. OM 014 O14 015 O18 015 O13 O13 8.014 8686014) «©6014 012. 2012. 47.013 O13, 013 +0. ie +0.011 +40. He +0.012 +0.012 .010 011 011 O11 ‘009 009 010 010 010 008: .008;" 009" .009."" 009 007, 007°. 007: 008, | .008 {42 TABLE 45 (CONTINUED) REDUCTION OF THE MERCURY COLUMN TO STANDARD TEMPERATURE English units Attached Height of the mercury column—inches ther- SEES mometer 19.0 19.5 20.0 20.5 21.0 4 E- inch inch inch inch inch 25.5 +0.005 +0.006 +0.006 +0.006 +0.006 26.0 005 005 005 005 005 26.5 004 004 004 004 8.004 27.0 003 = .003 003 003 .003 27.5 002 002 002 .002 .002 28.0 -+0.001 +0.001 +0.001 +-0.001 +0.001 28.5 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 29.0 —0.001 —0.001 —0.001 —0.001 —0.001 29.5 4002: 002. *.002--*:002 002 30.0 002 .002 .002 003 .003 30.5 —0.003 —0.003 —0.003 —0.003 —0.004 31.0 004 004 =.004 §=.004_—~—.005 31.5 005 005 ~=—.005 005 = .005 32.0 006 006 §=«©.006 ~=— .006_~——«.006 32.5 007 F007, "007 007, +007; 33.0 —0.008 —0.008 —0.008 —0.008 —0.008 33.5 008 .009 .009 009 § .009 34.0 OOS) a010>) ©2010. 010 ..010 34.5 O10 F010. "011 O11 O11 35.0 O11 O11 O12 e012") O12 35.5 —0.012 —0.012 —0.012 —0.013 —0.013 36.0 IOUS. SOUS, 01S Ole. O14 36.5 014 014 014 ~~ .015 015 37.0 014 = .015 015 016 016 37.5 OTS! POO1G F016 9° =:017". 017, 38.0 —0.016 —0.017 —0.017 —0.017 —0.018 38.5 OI TOIT 018. 018. 019 39.0 OLB OS” O19 | O19 ..020 39.5 019) 2019) 90205) 020) 028 40.0 020 020 021 021 .022 40.5 —0.020 —0.021 —0.022 —0.022 —0.023 41.0 021 eZ 022s te I23. “A024 41.5 022 63.023)) 023% 024 ..025 42.0 5023) 024 "4024; 11025 025 42.5 024° 8.025 025 026" .026 43.0 —0.025 —0.025 —0.026 —0.027 —0.027 43.5 025) 026. 2027) 028° || 028 44.0 W260) 0276 028 1020 = ..029. 44.5 5027+ 41028 ''029°) =1030'" 0380 028" 029) ©0350" "030% 030 —0.029 —0.030 —0.031 —0.031 —0.032 030 .031 031 032 .033 031 03Z 032 033 034 032 032 033 034 .035 033 033 034 035 .036 —0.033 —0.034 —0.035 —0.036 —0.037 034 .035 036 .037 .038 035 036 037 .038 .039 .036 .037 .038 .039 .040 037 038 039 .040 041 (continued) ee op SSSKS NNAAH mn COmowno momnouv Oo SMITHSONIAN METEOROLOGICAL TABLES Zi 22.0 ZEA 23.0 23.5 inch inch inch inch inch +0.006 +0.006 +0.006 +0.007 +-0.007 005 005 005 005 .006 004 .004 004 .004 005 .003 .003 .003 .003 003 .002 .002 002 002 .002 +0.001 +0.001 +0.001 +-0.001 +0.001 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 —0.001 —0.001 —0.001 —0.001 —0.001 .002 002 .002 002 .002 .003 .003 003 .003 003 —0.004 —0.004 —0.004 —0.004 —0.004 005 005 005 005 005 .006 .006 .006 .006 .006 .007 .007 007 .007 .007 008 008 008 .008 .008 —0.009 —0.009 —0.009 —0.009 —0.009 .010 .010 .010 .010 .010 .010 O11 O11 O11 O11 011 012 012 .012 013 012 .013 013 013 .014 —0.013 —0.014 —0.014 —0.014 —0.015 014 015 015 015 .016 015 .016 .016 .016 017 .016 017 017 017 018 017 018 018 019 .019 —0.018 —0.019 —0.019 —0.020 —0.020 019 020 .020 021 021 .020 021 021 .022 .022 021 .022 022 023 023 .022 023 023 .024 024 —0.023 —0.024 —0.024 —0.025 —0.025 024 025 025 026 026 025 .026 .026 027 027 .026 027 027 028 029 027 028 028 029 030 —0.028 —0.029 —0.029 —0.030 —0.031 .029 030 .030 031 032 .030 031 031 032 033 031 032 032 033 034 .032 033 033 034 035 —0.033 —0.034 —0.034 —0.035 —0.036 034 035 035 .036 037 035 036 .036 037 .038 .036 037 037 .038 039 037 038 038 .039 .040 —0.038 —0.039 —0.040 —0.040 —0.041 039 .040 041 041 042 040 041 042 .042 043 041 042 043 044 044 042 043 .044 045 046 TABLE 45 (CONTINUED) 143 REDUCTION OF THE MERCURY COLUMN TO STANDARD TEMPERATURE English units Attached Height of the mercury column—inches = — "-O-_ ———— r enctct 19.0 19.5 20.0 20.5 21.0 21.5 22.0 2215 23.0 23.5 28, inch inch inch inch inch inch inch inch inch inch 50.5 —0.038 —0.039 —0.040 —0.041 —0.042 —0.043 —0.044 —0.045 —0.046 —0.047 51.0 039 .040 041 042 043 044 045 .046 .047 .048 51.5 .039 .040 041 042 044 045 .046 047 048 049 52.0 .040 041 042 043 044 .046 047 048 049 .050 525 .041 042 .043 044 045 .047 .048 .049 050 051 53.0 —0.042 —0.043 —0.044 —0.045 —0.046 —0.047 —0.049 —0.050 —0.051 —0.052 535 043 044 045 .046 .047 048 .050 051 052 053 54.0 .044 045 .046 047 048 049 051 052 .053 054 54.5 045 046 047 .048 049 .050 052 .053 .054 055 55.0 045 047 048 049 .050 051 .053 054 055 .056 55.5 —0.046 —0.047 —0.049 —0.050 —0.051 —0.052 —0.054 —0.055 —0.056 —0.057 56.0 .047 048 .050 051 052 053 055 .056 057 058 56.5 .048 .049 .050 052 053 054 056 057 058 .059 57.0 .049 .050 051 053 054 055 057 058 059 .060 57.5 .050 051 052 054 055 .056 058 .059 .060 061 58.0 —0.051 —0.052 —0.053 —0.055 —0.056 —0.057 —0.059 —0.060 —0.061 —0.063 58.5 051 .053 .054 055 .057 058 .060 061 062 .064 59.0 052 054 055 056 058 059 061 062 .063 .065 59.5 053 .055 056 057 059 .060 061 .063 .064 .066 60.0 .054 055 057 058 .060 061 .062 064 065 .067 60.5 —0.055 —0.056 —0.058 —0.059 —0.061 —0.062 —0.063 —0.065 —0.066 —0.068 61.0 056 .057 059 .060 .062 063 .064 .066 .067 .069 61.5 057 058 .060 .061 062 .064 065 .067 .068 .070 62.0 057 059 060 062 063 065 066 068 069 071 62.5 058 060 061 063 .064 066 067 069 071 072 63.0 —0.059 —0.061 —0.062 —0.064 —0.065 —0.067 —0.068 —0.070 —0.072 —0.073 63.5 .060 .062 063 .065 .066 .068 .069 071 .073 .074 64.0 061 .062 .064 .066 067 .069 .070 072 .074 075 64.5 062 063 065 .067 068 .070 071 073 075 076 65.0 063 .064 066 067 069 .071 072 074 076 077 65.5 —0.063 —0.065 —0.067 —0.068 —0.070 —0.072 —0.073 —0.075 —0.077 —0.078 66.0 064 .066 068 069 071 07 074 076 078 079 66.5 065 .067 069 070 072 .074 075 077 079 081 67.0 066 .068 069 071 073 075 076 078 080 082 67.5 067 .069 070 072 074 .076 077 079 081 083 68.0 —0.068 —0.069 —0.071 —0.073 —0.075 —0.077 —0.078 —0.080 —0.082 —0.084 68.5 069 .070 072 074 076 .078 079 081 083 085 69.0 069 .071 073 075 077 079 080 082 084 086 69.5 070 072 074 076 .078 079 081 083 085 087 70.0 071 .073 075 077 079 080 082 084 086 088 70.5 —0.072 —0.074 —0.076 —0.078 —0.080 —0.081 —0.083 —0.085 —0.087 —0.089 71.0 073 075 077 079 080 082 084 086 088 090 “15 074 .076 078 079 081 083 085 087 089 091 72.0 075 .076 078 080 082 084 086 088 090 092 25 075 077 079 081 083 085 087 089 091 093 73.0 —0.076 —0.078 —0.080 —0.082 —0.084 —0.086 —0.088 —0.090 —0.092 —0.094 73.5 077 .079 081 083 085 .087 089 091 093 095 74.0 .078 .080 082 084 .086 088 .090 092 .094 .096 74.5 .079 081 .083 .085 .087 089 091 .093 .095 .097 75.0 .080 082 084 .086 088 .090 092 094 .096 099 (continued) SMITHSONIAN METEOROLOGICAL TABLES 144 TABLE 45 (CONTINUED) REDUCTION OF THE MERCURY COLUMN TO STANDARD TEMPERATURE atached SOT ino SO mn S136 inch inch inch 75.5 —0.081 —0.083 —0.085 76.0 081 .084 .086 76.5 082 084 087 77.0 083 085 087 RS 084 086 088 78.0 —0.085 —0.087 —0.089 78.5 .086 088 .090 79.0 086 089 .091 79.5 .087 .090 .092 80.0 .088 .091 093 80.5 —0.089 —0.091 —0.094 81.0 .090 .092 095 81.5 091 .093 .096 82.0 .092 094 .096 82.5 .092 095 097 83.0 —0.093 —0.096 —0.098 83.5 .094 .097 .099 84.0 095 098 .100 84.5 .096 .098 101 85.0 .097 .099 102 85.5 —0.098 —0.100 —0.103 86.0 098 101 104 86.5 .099 102 105 87.0 100 103 105 87.5 101 104 .106 88.0 —0.102 —0.105 —0.107 88.5 103 105 108 89.0 104 106 .109 89.5 .104 107 110 90.0 105 108 Boul 90.5 —0.106 —0.109 —0.112 91.0 107 110 S103 91.5 108 auilal as 92.0 109 112 114 92.5 110 2 115 93.0 —0.110 —0.113 —0.116 93.5 11 114 117 94.0 112 115 118 94.5 113 116 119 95.0 114 “U7 120 95.5 —0.115 —0.118 —0.121 96.0 a5 119 3122 96.5 116 119 A122 97.0 117 120 123 97.5 118 a2 124 98.0 —0.119 —0.122 —0.125 98.5 120 123 126 99.0 Al 124 127 99.5 121 125 128 100.0 122 126 129 English units Height of the mercury column—inches 20.5 21.0 inch inch —0.087 —0.089 088 .090 089 091 .090 092 091 093 —0.091 —0.094 092 095 093 .096 094 097 095 097 —0.096 —0.098 097 099 098 .100 .099 101 100 102 —0.101 —0.103 102 104 103 105 103 106 104 107 —0.105 —0.108 106 109 107 110 108 111 109 112 —0.110 —0.113 Sly 114 elit2 114 HUIS} sls 114 116 —0.114 —0.117 sits 118 116 119 117 120 118 121 —0.119 —0.122 120 123 121 124 122 WV} 123 126 —0.124 —0.127 ALZ5 128 126 129 126 130 127 130 —0.128 —0.131 129 132 130 ollie) 131 134 132 “135 (continued) SMITHSONIAN METEOROLOGICAL TABLES si ee 22.9, 23.0 ema inch inch inch —0.091 —0.093 —0.095 —0.097 —0.100 21.5 22.0 inch inch .092 094 .093 095 .094 .096 095 .097 —0.096 —0.098 .097 .099 .098 .100 .099 101 100 102 —0.101 —0.103 102 104 103 105 104 .106 105 107 —0.106 —0.108 107 .109 108 .110 .108 111 .109 112 —0.110 —0.113 Balt 114 112 115 113 116 114 7 —0.115 —0.118 116 119 117 .120 118 121 119 .122 —0.120 —0.123 121 124 122 A125 123 126 124 127) —0.125 —0.128 126 129 M27 130 128 snl 129 AY —0.130 —0.133 ao 134 Alls V4 135 silts! 136 134 Alsy/ —0.135 —0.138 P135 139 136 .140 137 141 138 142 096 .098 .101 097) > 100 p02 O96 101 .103 099 .102 ~=.104 —0.100 —0.103 —0.105 101, 1049 % 106 1027) 4 L0Seee 10g 103s). 106 ee Gs OSs 107 ees —0.105 —0.108 —0.110 LOG (ji. 109 Maitre a 107.5 110 ee le 08 oie 01d 13 O92 ee —0.111 —0.113 —0.115 AZ) 4 114 ore 1S) 11S ee Ee 114 116 eye Le LIS D7 tee —0.116 —0.118 —0.121 LIZ ep, 119 ZZ 144-147-150 145°. 148 7051 TABLE 45 (CONTINUED) 145 REDUCTION OF THE MERCURY COLUMN TO STANDARD TEMPERATURE English units Attached Height of the mercury column—inches ther = Se SSS mometer 24.0 24.2 24.4 24.6 24.8 °F. inch inch inch inch inch 0.0 +0.063 +0.063 +0.064 +0.064 +0.065 +0.061 +0.062 +0.063 +0.063 +0.064 .060 061 061 062 .062 059 060 060 .061 .061 058 4.059 059 .060 .060 OSZOC, AOSBRTP 058.0 059 1.2059 +0.056 +0.056 +0.057 +0.057 +0.058 .055 .055 05600. 056 Sic057 - Oo on OABRBWW NNFHO SWOwoMd NNADG WAPWW NNHHOS OwWownno NNAN NRRwWHO NN SDNONSD NDOMUSON OCMNOMNOD MONON DUNUOND MNOMNONHN DUOND NONSCOHN BDUSCUNDS MOWO +0.051 +0.051 +0.051 +0.052 +0.052 204900), 05008, 05000, 051 .051 048 .049 049 050 .050 047 048 048 ~=—.048 .049 046 047 047 047 ~ .048 +0.045 +0.045 +0.046 +0.046 +0.047 044 = .044 .045 .045 .045 043 043 .044 044 044 042 .042 042 .043 .043 041 041 041 042 042 +0.040 +0.040 +0.040 +0.041 +0.041 039), 03910 039 039 = .040 Seely 05s. “O36, 2038: 151059 036.0 037 0) 08d. >) 037 .038 £035)0 0-036." 17 0365.) 0.036 036 +0.034 +0.034 +0.035 +0.035 +0.035 033: .033.9 0348 034 “2034 032.032 032 033. (72033 031 .031 031 032 .032 2030: 030) G-0308°." 030. 2031 +0.029 +0.029 +0.029 +0.029 +0.030 0280, 028°, 0288) 028 6.028 1026.0, “OZ760, 027 027 027 025). 4.026. 026. ..026 .026 0245) 2024 7! 9 202550,"-.025 .025 +0.023 +0.023 +0.024 +0.024 +0.024 022 022 022 023 .023 021 021 021 .022 022 020 .020 .020 .020 021 .019 .019 C1905), 019 019 +0.018 +0.018 +0.018 +0.018 +0.018 .017 .017 017 .017 017 .016 .016 ‘1G? 016 LAOt6 014 = 015 .015 015 015 013 013 014 ~=.014 014 +0.012 +0.012 +0.012 +0.013 +0.013 O11 O11 011 O11 012 .010 .010 OLEH, O10 .010 009 ~=—- .009 009 ~=—-.009 .009 008 .008 .008 .008 .008 (continued) _ Spey yey meh peek fee feed ee DO DO DO DO DO DO DOD DO DO DORR ee SMITHSONIAN METEOROLOGICAL TABLES SSS 25:0 25:2 La 1256, W258 inch inch inch inch inch +0.065 +0.066 +0.066 +0.067 +0.067 +0. ee +0. a +0. no +0.066 +0.066 063 064 .065 062 062 063 063 .064 .061 061 062 062 .063 059 060 .060 .061 .061 +0.058 +0.059 +0.059 +0.060 +0.060 .057 O58": 058, <059° F059 056 057. «057. 057.058 055) 055: «056 056 — _.057 OSAGLOS4 07055.) 2055) L056 +0.053 +0.053 +0.053 +0.054 +0.054 O52"). 0520, 052%). 053. 8053 050). 051 051 052 Gat052 .049 050 050, -050: | 051 048 048 049 049 050 +0.047 +0. ae +0.048 +0.048 +0.048 .046 046 047 047. — 047 .045 045 045 046 046 044 044 044 045 045 042 043 043 043 § .044 +0.041 +0.042 +0.042 +0.042 +0.043 .040 .040 041 041 041 039 = .039 .040 .040 .040 .038 .038 .038 039 .039 .037 037 037 038 .038 +0.036 +0.036 +0.036 +0.036 +0.037 034 035 035 .035 .036 .033 034 034 034 034 .032 032 033 033 .033 031 031 031 032. ~..032 +0.030 +0.030 +0.030 +0.031 +0.031 .029 029 .029 029 .030 028 .028 028"). 028 «1028 .026 027) O27) 027 .027 .025 026 026%.'2026 026 +0.024 +0.024 +0.025 +0.025 +0.025 .023 023 023 024 024 .022 0220), 022 1022 Viet023 021 021 021 021 021 .020 020 020 020 020 +0.018 +0.019 +0.019 40.019 +0.019 O17, 010. 018M) O18 O.NO18 O1G0). O1GPO. “.O010RQ, “O17. 4p 17 O15 015 015 015 .016 014 014 014 014 #38 .014 +0.013 +0.013 +0.013 +0.013 +0.013 O12ZbY) 012 O1ZH, O12" exO12 011 O11 011 O11 011 .009 .009 .010 010 .010 .008 008 .008 .008 ~ .009 146 TABLE 45 (CONTINUED) REDUCTION OF THE MERCURY COLUMN TO STANDARD TEMPERATURE English units Attached Height of the mercury column—inches : SSeS SSS SSS Se i ae ee ae ees 250 bizs2 Cad bse) aes Sine inch inch inch inch inch inch inch inch inch inch 25.5 +0.007 +0.007 +0.007 +0.007 +0.007 +0.007 +0.007 +0.007 +-0.007 +-0.007 26.0 .006 .006 .006 .006 006 .006 .006 .006 .006 .006 26.5 005 005 005 005 005 005 005 005 005 005 27.0 .004 .004 004 .004 .004 .004 .004 004 .004 .004 27.5 .002 .002 .003 .003 003 .003 003 .003 003 .003 28.0 -+0.001 +0.001 +0.001 +0.001 +0.001 +0.001 +0.001 +0.001 +0.001 +0.001 28.5 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 29.0 —0.001 —0.001 —0.001 —0.001 —0.001 —0.001 —0.001 —0.001 —0.001 —0.001 29.5 002), 002%). .0020%, 002 .002 002, .002 002 002 002 30.0 .003 = .003 003 = .003 .003 .003 .003 003:2° 003; V"-003 30.5 —0.004 —0.004 —0.004 —0.004 —0.004 —0.004 —0.004 —0.004 —0.004 —0.004 31.0 .005 .005 005, 005 .005 005 = .005 .005 006 ~=.006 31.5 006 .006 .006 @§= .006 .006 10075). 0072), 0072), 040075 Be OU7, 32.0 007, (00749, 00720. 008) 1.1008 008 008 .008 .008 .008 32.5 O03 009%). 0097", .009) %°.009 009 =.009 .009 009 = .009 33.0 —0.010 —0.010 —0.010 —0.010 —0.010 —0.010 —0.010 —0.010 —0.010 —0.010 33.5 O11 O11 O11 O11 O11 O11 O11 O11 011 011 34.0 OIZE 1) O12 O12) O12 .012 O12) 0.012)0.V 40127 lz ares 34.5 O15 018s O13) 013 013 013 013 O14), O14, Geis 35.0 014 014 014 8014 ~=—.014 01490). 015 015°. 2015 015 35.5 —0.015 —0.015 —0.015 —0.015 —0.015 —0.016 —0.016 —0.016 —0.016 —0.016 36.0 Ollon 016; |) 016; 016 017 O17; 017.) 01%, 01d 017 36.5 OTOP 0IF 22 OO17E9 |) 018: MOTs O18%).-018 018) 0-018, FATS 37.0 LOLS, 018s), 01957 .019 019 O19E. 019 O19. O19) GeO 37.5 019s 0195. 020 020 .020 020°. 020%) .02051 2021 021 38.0 —0.020 —0.021 —0.021 —0.021 —0.021 —0.021 —0.021 —0.022 —0.022 —0.022 38.5 021 022) 0228. | 022) 022 022, 023 023 .023 023 39.0 102550, .1023.1) \..023 023) ¢0.023 024 024 024 024 .024 39.5 024 024 024 .024 .024 025 025 .025 025, © 61025 40.0 025 .025 02550), 025 026 .026 0269 0260, .026 (8027 40.5 —0.026 —0.026 —0.026 —0.026 —0.027 —0.027 —0.027 —0.027 —0.028 —0.028 41.0 02% 027%, 027% 028 .028 028 028 .029 029 029 41.5 O28) 020285 1) 12-0288) 1.2029' 1029 029 029 030 ~=—-.030 030 42.0 029 029 030 .030 8.030 03059, .03% 031 031 .031 42.5 05090, :030%> 03% 031 031 .031 0324) 0324, .032) T0032 43.0 —0.031 —0.032 —0.032 —0.032 —0.032 —0.033 —0.033 —0.033 —0.033 —0.034 43.5 032 033 033") 2.033 .033 034 .034 =.034 = .035 .035 44.0 033 034 034 034 .035 035 035 .035 036 036 44.5 035 035 035 035 .036 036 036 037 037 037 45.0 036 036 036 037 .037 037 037 038 038 038 45.5 —0.037 —0.037 —0.037 —0.038 —0.038 —0.038 —0.039 —0.039 —0.039 —0.039 46.0 038 038 03 039) :039 039 040 040 040 041 46.5 039 039 040 040 .040 041 041 041 041 042 47.0 040 040 041 041 .041 042 042 042 043 043 47.5 041 041 042 042 38.042 043 043 043 044 044 48.0 —0.042 —0.042 —0.043 —0.043 —0.044 —0.044 —0.044 —0.045 —0.045 —0.045 48.5 043 044 044 044 ~=—.045 045 045 046 046 046 49.0 044 = 045 045 045 .046 046 047 047 047 048 49.5 .045 .046 046 047 047 .047 048 .048 .048 .049 50.0 .046 047.047 048 048 048 049 049 8.050 ~=—.050 (continued ) SMITHSONIAN METEOROLOGICAL TABLES TABLE 45 (CONTINUED) 147 REDUCTION OF THE MERCURY COLUMN TO STANDARD TEMPERATURE English units Attached Height of the mercury column—inches = | Sa Fe 7 arieler 24.0 24.2 24.4 24.6 24.8 25.0 25:2 25.4 25.6 25.8 “2 Os inch inch inch inch inch inch inch inch inch inch 50.5 —0.048 —0.048 —0.048 —0.049 —0.049 —0.050 —0.050 —0.050 —0.051 —0.051 51.0 .049 .049 .049 050 .050 051 051 051 052 .052 51.5 .050 .050 .051 051 051 052 052 053 053 053 52.0 051 051 052 052 053 053 053 054 054 055 52.5 052 052 053 053 054 054 055 055 055 .056 53.0 —0.053 —0.053 —0.054 —0.054 —0.055 —0.055 —0.056 —0.056 —0.057 —0.057 53.5 .054 055 055 055 056 056 057 .057 058 058 54.0 055 .056 .056 057 057 057 058 058 059 059 54.5 .056 057 057 058 058 059 059 .060 .060 .060 55.0 057 058 058 059 .059 .060 .060 .061 .061 .062 S55) —0.058 —0.059 —0.059 —0.060 —0.060 —0.061 —0.061 —0.062 —0.062 —0.063 56.0 .060 .060 .060 .061 .061 .062 .062 063 .063 .064 56.5 .061 .061 .062 .062 .063 .063 .064 .064 065 065 57.0 .062 .062 .063 063 .064 .064 .065 065 .066 .066 57.5 .063 063 .064 .064 065 065 .066 .066 .067 .067 58.0 —0.064 —0.064 —0.065 —0.065 —0.066 —0.066 —0.067 —0.068 —0.068 —0.069 58.5 065 065 066 067 .067 068 068 069 069 070 59.0 066 067 067 068 .068 069 069 070 070 071 59.5 067 068 068 069 .069 070 070 071 072 072 60.0 068 069 069 070 .070 071 072 072 073 073 60.5 —0.069 —0.070 —0.070 —0.071 —0.072 —0.072 —0.073 —0.073 —0.074 —0.074 61.0 070 071 072 072 073 073 074 074 075 076 61.5 071 072 073 073 .074 074 075 076 076 077 62.0 073 073 074 074 075 076 076 077 077 078 62.5 074 074 075 075 .076 077 077 078 078 079 63.0 —0.075 —0.075 —0.076 —0.077 —0.077 —0.078 —0.078 —0.079 —0.080 —0.080 63.5 .076 .076 077 .078 .078 .079 .080 .080 .081 081 64.0 077 077 .078 .079 .079 .080 081 081 082 .082 64.5 .078 .079 079 080. 081 081 .082 082 083 084 65.0 .079 080 .080 081 .082 .082 083 .084 084 085 65.5 —0.080 —0.081 —0.081 —0.082 —0.083 —0.083 —0.084 —0.085 —0.085 —0.086 66.0 081 082 083 .083 084 085 085 086 087 087 66.5 082 083 084 084 085 086 .086 .087 088 088 67.0 083 084 085 085 .086 .087 .087 .088 089 .090 67.5 084 085 .086 087 .087 088 .089 089 .090 091 68.0 —0.085 —0.086 —0.087 —0.088 —0.088 —0.089 —0.090 —0.090 —0.091 —0.092 68.5 .087 .087 .088 .089 089 .090 .091 .092 .092 .093 69.0 088 088 .089 .090 091 091 .092 093 093 .094 69.5 089 .089 .090 091 .092 .092 093 .094 095 095 70.0 .090 .091 .091 .092 093 .094 .094 095 .096 097 70.5 —0.091 —0.092 —0.092 —0.093 —0.094 —0.095 —0.095 —0.096 —0.097 —0.098 71.0 .092 .093 .094 094 095 .096 .097 .097 .098 .099 71.5 .093 .094 095 095 .096 .097 098 098 .099 .100 72.0 094 095 .096 .096 .097 .098 .099 100 100 101 72.5 095 .096 097 098 .098 099 100 101 102 102 73.0 —0.096 —0.097 —0.098 —0.099 —0.100 —0.100 —0.101 —0.102 —0.103 —0.104 43.5 097 .098 099 100 101 101 102 103 104 105 74.0 098 .099 100 101 102 103 103 104 105 106 74.5 100 100 101 102 103 104 105 105 106 107 75.0 101 101 102 103 104 105 106 106 .107 108 (continued) SMITHSONIAN METEOROLOGICAL TABLES 148 TABLE 45 (CONTINUED) REDUCTION OF THE MERCURY COLUMN TO STANDARD TEMPERATURE English units Attached Height of the mercury column—inches ——————__ -——--Y"*X-— Ss Peet 24.0 24.2 24.4 24.6 24.8 25.0 25:2 25.4 25.6 25.8 ak inch inch inch inch inch inch inch inch inch inch 75.5 —0.102 —0.103 —0.103 —0.104 —0.105 —0.106 —0.107 —0.108 —0. ee —0.109 76.0 103 104 104 105 106 107 108 .109 110 .110 76.5 104 105 106 .106 107 108 109 110 ‘111 ab 77.0 105 106 .107 108 .108 .109 110 5! Wl az alt) 77.5 .106 .107 .108 109 110 .110 alt 112 113 114 730. 440.107.0108 =0,109---0,110 —O111_ 0.112) 01112, -=0,113 0.114 Sons 78.5 108 109 110 lial 112 als} 114 114 “115 116 79.0 .109 110 111 TZ 113 114 apts 116 slilZ/ Gl 79.5 110 lol 112 alts 114 115 .116 117 118 119 80.0 Pletal al2 as 114 AMS) 116 ailal7/ 118 119 120 80.5 —0.112 —0.113 —0.114 —0.115 —0.116 —0.117 —0.118 —0.119 —0.120 —0.121 81.0 114 115 slats) 116 S77 118 119 120 2d ZZ 81.5 lal 116 TZ, 118 118 119 120 121 AZZ, 123 82.0 116 SililZ/ 118 119 120 121 122 122 123 124 82.5 alile/ 118 119 120 121 122 A123 124 1125 126 83.0 —0.118 —0.119 —0.120 —0.121 —0.122 —0.123 —0.124 —0.125 —0.126 —0.127 83.5 119 120 AAA 3122 23 124 125 126 127 128 84.0 120 121 122 123 124 125 126 ol leH/ 128 129 84.5 121 122 123 124 125 126 W127 128 129 130 85.0 2122 "123 124 125 126 27, 128 129 130 131 85.55 —0.123 —0.124 —0.125 —0.126 —0.127 —0.128 —0.129 —0.130 —0.131 —0.133 86.0 124 125 126 27. 128 130 131 132 133 134 86.5 125 126 128 129 130 13 5132 133 .134 135 87.0 126 128 129 130 131 2132 133 134 a135 136 87.5 128 129 .130 131 1132 133 134 135 .136 137 88.0 —0.129 —0.130 —0.131 —0.132 —0.133 —0.134 —0.135 —0.136 —0.137 —0.138 88.5 130 131 132 33 134 35 .136 137 138 139 89.0 a3 132 133 134 135 136 137 138 .140 141 89.5 Bhs a133 134 135 136 13% 138 140 141 142 90.0 A133 134 135 136 37 138 140 141 142 143 90.5 —0.134 —0.135 —0.136 —0.137 —0.139 —0.140 —0.141 —0.142 —0.143 —0.144 91.0 a35 136 37, 138 140 141 .142 .143 144 145 91.5 136 137; 138 140 141 142 143 144 145 146 92.0 137; 138 .140 141 142 143 144 145 146 .148 92.5 138 139 141 142 143 144 145 146 148 149 93.0 —0.139 —0.141 —0.142 —0.143 —0.144 —0.145 —0.146 —0.148 —0.149 —0.150 93.5 140 142 143 144 145 .146 .148 149 150 151 94.0 142 143 144 145 146 147 .149 150 151 sby 94.5 143 144 145 .146 147 149 150 151 SG YZ 153 95.0 144 145 .146 147 149 150 151 152 153 154 95.5 —0.145 —0.146 —0.147 —0.148 —0.150 —0.151 —0.152 —0.153 —0.154 —0.156 96.0 146 .147 148 150 151 “152 153 154 156 AlSy/ 96.5 147 148 149 151 152 153 154 156 157 .158 97.0 148 .149 150 ALG a153 154 nrSS alley/ 158 159 97.5 149 150 52 153 154 2155 slgy/ 158 159 .160 98.0 —0.150 —0.151 —0.153 —0.154 —0.155 —0.156 —0.158 —0.159 —0.160 —0.161 98.5 151 153 154 55 156 158 159 160 161 163 99.0 152 154 155 156 157 159 .160 161 .162 164 99.5 153 155 156 57 159 160 161 162 164 165 100.0 154 156 a5 7, 158 .160 161 162 163 165 .166 (continued) SMITHSONIAN METEOROLOGICAL TABLES TABLE 45 (CONTINUED) 149 REDUCTION OF THE MERCURY COLUMN TO STANDARD TEMPERATURE English units Mtroched Height of the mercury column—inches = — SS OW Entar 26.0 26.2 26.4 26.6 26.8 27.0 Dike 27.4 27.6 27.8 oR, inch inch inch inch inch inch inch inch inch inch 0.0 +0.068 +0.068 +0.069 +0.069 +0.070 +0.070 +0.071 +0.071 +0.072 +-0.072 +0.5 +0.067 +0.067 +0.068 +0.068 +0.069 +0. ye +0. oe +0. oa +0.071 +0.071 1.0 .065 066%), 066.0% 067° .,067 068 069 069 070 15 064.065 065 .066 .066 067 0G 068 068 069 2.0 063° 064 064 065. 065 065 .066 066°" 067 2067 2.5 062 062 063 063 §©.064 064 = .065 065 .066 .066 3.0 +40. Hos +0.061 -+0. nee +0.062 +-0.063 +0.063 +0.063 +0.064 +0.064 -L0. 5 3.5 060 .060 .061 .061 0625) 0625 ..063 .063 4.0 O88 059 059 060 # .060 .061 .061 061 062 02 4.5 0575 058s 058) 058° 059 .059 .060 060 ~=.061 061 5.0 OSG OSG Hu r057.inh 8057 058 058 1059).0) BOS9sme 7.059 .060 oA +0. oH +0. oo +0. on +0. nee +0. ee +0. oy +0. Hee +0. nee +0. oe +0. Hee ‘ 0 6.5 O22 033 083 054 =.054 ‘bed ‘oes oes 056 .056 7.0 051 .052 0526 . 052 ..058 053 O54 054. (054) :055 7.5 050) 1) 050) pf .051 051 052 052 1052117) ROSSI 7.053 053 80 +0. fot +0.049 +0.050 +0.050 +0.050 +0.051 +0. os +0.051 +0.052 +0.052 8.5 048 048 .049 049 049 050)3% .050),5 .051 051 9.0 ‘Ode O47), 047 048. > 048 048 049 .049 049 050 9.5 045 046 046 .046 ~ .047 047 047 048 .048 #048 10.0 044 044 045 045 = .045 .046 046 046 047 ~~ .047 10.5 +0. ae +0. on +0.044 +0.044 +0.044 +0.045 +0.045 +0.045 +0.046 +0.046 11.0 042 ~=—-.043 043 043 044 044 044 3 .045 11:5 ‘Oi OAL 041 041 042 042 042 043 043 .043 12.0 039 040 040 040 =~» .041 041 041 041 042 042 12.5 LOSS i 03S) (L039 1 x039 6039 040 040 .040 040 ~=.041 13.0 +0. On +0.037 +0.038 +0.038 -++-0.038 +0, pee +0.039 +0.039 +-0.039 +-0.040 13.5 0360 03Gi, 037. \\¥:037 037 037), 038g) | 0385) 2 2038 14.0 038 035 035 035 .036 03610 036i .036mn° 037, 4.037 14.5 033 0384. 034 034 034 035 035 035 035: 036 15.0 bO3219 1.03205 £03301) 1.033 033 033 .034 034 034 034 15.5 +0. nh +0.031 +0.032 +0.032 +0.032 +0.032 +0.032 +0.033 +0.033 +0.033 16.0 Osdien. 030uG, 030%, 031 031 031 031 031 032:0 4 2032 16.5 029 029 029 029 ~=—-.030 030 030 .030 .030 .031 17.0 i027) 028. =..0284 «0284 «= 028 029 = .029 029 029 # .029 17:5 O26 an B027 802095 5.027 +2027 LOZ/ien G0Z8.0 0028 24 028 92028 18.0 +0. i +0.025 -++0. ae +0.026 +-0.026 +0.026 +0.026 +0.026 +0. ed +0.027 18.5 024 024 024 025 025 025 025 .026 19.0 003 023 023 023 023 004 24 004 1 024 19.5 022) 0225 0228, 022) .022 022, 025 023;) 025.1, 2023 20.0 020 ~=-.021 021 021 021 021 021 021 L022: #2022 20.55 +0.019 +0.019 +0.020 +0.020 +0.020 +0. oe +0. om +0. ot +0.020 +-0.021 21.0 01855 018an OSs), 018) 22019 019 019 .019 21.5 Olan 017 O17), 017, 4017 07 .018 O18 OSs. > 01S 22.0 O16; 016. 016° 016 .016 O16) O16, > +0507 5 2051 +-0.048 -++0. Pe +0.049 +-0.049 +-0.049 047 047 = =.047 ~—-.048 045 046 046 046 .046 044 044 044 045 = .045 043 043 043 043 044 -+0.041 +0.042 +0.042 +0.042 +0.042 040 040 .040 ~~ 041 041 039%, 039) «.039R «(039 Saeasd 10375, 038%), 0385” 038 uss 036. 014036, 1036. 9) 087, ed sa, +0.035 +-0.035 +0.035 +0.035 +-0.036 .033 034 .034 034 .034 032% -:0328 032%, ~.033 .033 .031 031 031 031 032 029... .030 —..030 030 .030 +0.028 +0.028 +0.028 +0.029 +0.029 O27, 08K.) O2ZAS. 2,027, tated 025). 0265 026% | 026 D.gen2z6 024 024 024 025 .025 023; 023: ,- +023 » .023\ 4 e023 +0.021 +0.022 +0.022 +-0.022 +-0.022 020 ~~ 020.020 12021 021 O19 019 “019 “72019. scOe 017. O18 “O18 ~ 01S - 0s 016. ,.016,. 7.016, » » O16), ) p07 +0.015 4-0.015 oe +0. . +0. ne 014 014 #014 012) 012 012 O12 013 O11 O11 O11 O11 O11 010 «=6010. 010 01D 0 TABLE 45 (CONTINUED) 155 REDUCTION OF THE MERCURY COLUMN TO STANDARD TEMPERATURE English units Attached Height of the mercury column—inches 3 (6 — SSS ss EB oeciee 28.0 28.2 28.4 28.6 28.8 29.0 29.2 29.4 29.6 29.8 2: inch inch inch inch inch inch inch inch inch inch 25.5 -+0.008 +0.008 +0.008 +0.008 +0.008 +0.008 +-0.008 +0.008 +0.008 +-0.008 26.0 .007 007 .007 .007 .007 .007 .007 007 .007 .007 26.5 005 005 005 .006 .006 .006 .006 .006 .006 .006 27.0 .004 .004 .004 .004 .004 .004 .004 .004 .004 .004 27.5 .003 003 .003 .003 003 .003 003 .003 .003 .003 28.0 -+0.002 +0.002 +0.002 +0.002 +-0.002 +0.002 +0.002 +0.002 +0.002 +0.002 28.5 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 29.0 —0.001 —0.001 —0.001 —0.001 —0.001 —0.001 —0.001 —0.001 —0.001 —-0.001 29.5 002 .002 002 .002 .002 .002 .002 .002 .002 .002 30.0 .003 .004 .004 004 .004 .004 .004 .004 .004 004 30.5 —0.005 —0.005 —0.005 —0.005 —0.005 —0.005 —0.005 —0.005 —0.005 —0.005 31.0 .006 .006 .006 .006 .006 .006 .006 .006 006 .006 31.5 .007 007 .007 .007 .008 .008 .008 .008 .008 .008 32.0 .009 009 009 .009 .009 .009 .009 .009 .009 .009 825 .010 .010 .010 .010 .010 .010 .010 .010 .010 .010 33.0 —0.011 —0.011 —0.011 —0.011 —0.011 —0.012 —0.012 —0.012 —0.012 —0.012 33.5 012 .012 013 013 013 013 013 013 013 .013 34.0 014 014 014 014 .014 014 014 014 014 015 34.5 015 015 015 015 015 015 .016 .016 .016 .016 35.0 .016 016 016 017 017 017 017 017 017 017 35.55 —0.017 —0.018 —0.018 —0.018 —0.018 —0.018 —0.018 —0.018 —0.018 —0.019 36.0 .019 .019 019 019 .019 019 .020 .020 .020 .020 36.5 .020 .020 .020 .020 021 021 021 021 021 021 37.0 021 021 022 022 .022 .022 .022 022 022 .023 37.5 .023 023 023 023 .023 .023 024 .024 024 .024 38.0 —0.024 —0.024 —0.024 —0.024 —0.024 —0.025 —0.025 —0.025 —0.025 —0.025 38.5 025 025 025 .026 .026 .026 .026 .026 027 027 39.0 .026 027 .027 027 027 027 027 028 .028 028 39.5 .028 .028 028 .028 .028 029 .029 .029 .029 029 40.0 .029 029 .029 .030 .030 .030 .030 .030 031 031 40.5 —0.030 —0.030 —0.031 —0.031 —0.031 —0.031 —0.031 —0.032 —0.032 —0.032 41.0 031 .032 032 032 032 033 033 033 .033 033 41.5 033 033 033 .033 .034 034 .034 034 035 035 42.0 .034 .034 034 035 035 035 035 .036 036 .036 42.5 035 035 .036 036 036 .036 037 .037 .037 .037 43.0 —0.036 —0.037 —0.037 —0.037 —0.038 —0.038 —0.038 —0.038 —0.039 —0.039 43.5 .038 038 .038 .039 .039 039 039 .040 .040 .040 44.0 .039 039 .040 .040 .040 .040 041 041 041 .042 44.5 040 041 041 041 041 042 042 042 043 043 45.0 042 042 042 042 043 043 043 044 044 044 45.5 —0.043 —0.043 —0.043 —0.044 —0.044 —0.044 —0.045 —0.045 —0.045 —0.046 46.0 044 044 045 045 045 046 046 046 047 047 46.5 045 046 046 046 047 047 047 048 048 048 47.0 047 047 047 048 .048 048 049 049 049 050 47.5 048 048 049 049 .049 050 050 050 051 051 48.0 —0.049 —0.050 —0.050 —0.050 —0.051 —0.051 —0.051 —0.052 —0.052 —0.052 48.5 .050 051 051 052 052 052 053 053 053 054 49.0 052 052 052 053 053 054 054 054 .055 055 49.5 053 053 054 054 054 055 055 056 056 .056 50.0 054 055 055 055 056 .056 057 057 057 058 (continued) SMITHSONIAN METEOROLOGICAL TABLES 156 TABLE 45 (CONTINUED) REDUCTION OF THE MERCURY COLUMN TO STANDARD TEMPERATURE English units Attached Height of the mercury column—inches 3 EOE potter 28.0 28.2 28.4 28.6 28.8 29.0 29.2 29.4 29.6 29.8 oh, inch inch inch inch inch inch inch inch inch inch 50.5 —0.055 —0.056 —0.056 —0.057 —0.057 —0. oF —0.058 —0.058 —0.059 —0.059 51.0 057 057 058 058 058 059 059 .060 .060 .060 51.5 058 088 059 059 .060 060 061 .061 061 .062 52.0 059 .060 .060 .061 .061 061 .062 .062 063 063 52:5 .061 .061 061 .062 .062 063 .063 .064 064 064 53.0 —0.062 —0.062 —0.063 —0.063 —0.064 —0.064 —0.064 —0.065 —0.065 —0.066 53.5 063 .064 .064 .064 065 065 .066 .066 .067 .067 54.0 064 .065 065 .066 .066 .067 .067 068 .068 .068 54.5 .066 .066 .067 .067 .067 068 068 .069 .069 .070 55.0 .067 .067 .068 .068 .069 .069 .070 .070 071 071 55.5 —0.068 —0.069 —0.069 —0.070 —0.070 —0.071 —0.071 —0.072 —0.072 —0.073 56.0 .069 .070 .070 .071 071 072 072 073 .073 074 56.5 071 .071 072 072 .073 073 0.74 074 0.75 075 57.0 .072 072 073 073 .074 075 075 .076 .076 077 57.5 .073 .074 074 075 075 .076 076 077 077 .078 58.0 —0.074 —0.075 —0.076 —0.076 —0.077 —0.077 —0.078 —0.078 —0.079 —0.079 58.5 .076 .076 077 077 .078 .078 .079 080 .080 081 59.0 077 .078 .078 079 .079 .080 .080 081 081 082 59.5 .078 079 .079 080 .081 081 082 .082 .083 083 60.0 080 .080 081 081 082 082 083 .084 084 085 60.5 —0.081 —0.081 —0.082 —0.083 —0.083 —0.084 —0.084 —0.085 —0.085 —0.086 61.0 .082 .083 083 084 084 085 .086 086 087 .087 61.5 083 084 085 085 086 086 .087 .087 088 .089 62.0 085 085 086 086 .087 088 088 .089 .089 .090 62.5 086 .086 087 088 088 089 .090 .090 091 091 63.0 —0.087 —0.088 —0.088 —0.089 —0.090 —0.090 —0.091 —0.091 —0.092 —0.093 63.5 .088 089 .090 .090 091 092 .092 093 093 .094 64.0 .090 .090 091 092 .092 093 093 094 095 095 64.5 091 092 .092 093 093 094 095 095 .096 097 65.0 .092 .093 093 094 095 095 .096 .097 .097 .098 65.5 —0.093 —0.094 —0.095 —0.095 —0.096 —0.097 —0.097 —0.098 —0.099 —0.099 66.0 095 095 .096 .097 .097 098 099 099 100 101 66.5 096 097 097 098 .099 099 100 101 101 102 67.0 097 098 099 099 100 101 101 102 103 103 67.5 098 099 100 101 101 102 103 103 104 105 68.0 —0.100 —0.100 —0.101 —0.102 —0.103 —0.103 —0.104 —0.105 —0.105 —0.106 68.5 101 102 102 103 104 105 105 106 107 107 69.0 102 103 104 104 105 106 107 107 108 109 69.5 104 104 105 106 106 107 108 109 109 110 70.0 105 106 106 107 108 109 109 110 111 112 70.5 —0.106 —0.107 —0.108 —0.108 —0.109 —0.110 —0.111 —0.111 —0.112 —0.113 71.0 107 108 109 110 110 111 112 113 1S} 114 71.5 109 109 110 111 sll 112 113 114 115 116 72.0 110 111 111 112 silts) 114 115 115 116 117 7a) 111 112 113 113 114 115 116 117 117 118 73.0 —0.112 —0.113 —0.114 —0.115 —0.116 —0.116 —0.117 —0.118 —0.119 —0.120 73.5 114 114 115 116 sly 118 118 119 120 121 74.0 ALLS 116 shilZ/ SIZ) 118 119 120 121 Al 122 74.5 116 7, 118 119 119 120 121 2122 123 124 75.0 L7 118 119 120 121 .122 122 123 124 125 (continued) SMITHSONIAN METEOROLOGICAL TABLES TABLE 45 (CONTINUED) 157 REDUCTION OF THE MERCURY COLUMN TO STANDARD TEMPERATURE English units Agtached Height of the mercury column—inches a Petitier 28.0 28.2 28.4 28.6 28.8 29.0 29.2 29.4 29.6 29.8 ng inch inch inch inch inch inch inch inch inch inch 75.5 —0.119 —0.119 —0.120 —0.121 —0.122 —0.123 —0.124 —0.125 —0.125 —0.126 76.0 120 AVAL 122 We B23 124 125 .126 127 128 76.5 121 122 2S: 124 AVA WAS 126 127 128 129 77.0 al22 123 124 H25 126 127 128 129 129 130 77.5 124 AVS 125 126 WA 128 129 130 131 132 78.0 —0.125 —0.126 —0.127 —0.128 —0.129 —0.129 —0.130 —0.131 —0.132 —0.133 78.5 126 F/ 128 129 130 131 3132 133 133 134 79.0 127 128 129 130 ALO 132 SS) 134 135 136 79.5 129 130 131 131 132 133 134 135 136 137 80.0 130 131 alley ASS 134 35 136 136 137 138 80.5 —0.131 —0.132 —0.133 —0.134 —0.135 —0.136 —0.137 —0.138 —0.139 —0.140 81.0 e132 133 134 135 136 137. 138 139 -140 141 81.5 134 135 136 137 138 139 139 140 141 142 82.0 135 136 AlSY/ 138 139 140 141 142 143 144 82.5 136 mYA 138 139 140 141 142 143 .144 145 83.0 —0.138 —0.139 —0.139 —0.140 —0.141 —0.142 —0.143 —0.144 —0.145 —0.146 83.5 139 140 141 142 143 .144 145 .146 147 148 84.0 140 141 142 143 144 145 146 147 148 149 84.5 141 142 143 144 145 146 147 148 149 150 85.0 143 144 145 146 147 148 149 150 151 152 85.5 —0.144 —0.145 —0.146 —0.147 —0.148 —0.149 —0.150 —0.151 —0.152 —0.153 86.0 145 146 147 148 149 150 151 152 153 154 86.5 146 147 148 149 aL Sil 52 153 154 155 156 87.0 148 149 150 151 152 BLS 154 155 156 157 87.5 149 150 151 152 153 154 155 156 157 158 88.0 —0.150 —0.151 —0.152 —0.153 —0.154 —0.155 —0.157 —0.158 —0.159 —0.160 88.5 151 a1'52 154 155 156 157 158 159 160 161 89.0 153 154 155 156 157 158 159 160 161 162 89.5 154 2155 156 157 158 159 160 162 163 164 90.0 155 156 157 158 160 161 162 163 164 165 90.5 —0.156 —0.157 —0.159 —0.160 —0.161 —0.162 —0.163 —0.164 —0.165 —0.166 91.0 158 a59 160 161 162 163 164 166 167 168 91.5 159 .160 161 162 163 165 166 167 168 169 92.0 160 161 162 164 165 .166 167 168 169 170 92.5 161 163 164 165 166 167 168 169 171 172 93.0 —0.163 —0.164 —0.165 —0.166 —0.167 —0.168 —0.170 —0.171 —0.172 —0.173 93.5 164 165 166 167 169 170 171 172 173 174 94.0 165 .166 168 169 170 7d 172 173 175 176 94.5 166 168 169 170 171 el 174 175 176 177 95.0 168 169 170 171 172 174 175 176 177 178 95.5 —0.169 —0.170 —0.171 —0.173 —0.174 —0.175 —0.176 —0.177 —0.179 —0.180 96.0 170 il 173 174 175 .176 177 179 180 181 96.5 171 173 174 175 176 178 179 180 181 182 97.0 173 174 175 176 178 179 180 181 183 184 97.5 174 175 176 178 179 180 181 183 184 185 98.0 —0.175 —0.176 —0.178 —0.179 —0.180 —0.181 —0.183 —0.184 —0.185 —0.186 98.5 176 178 179 180 181 183 184 185 187 188 99.0 178 179 180 182 183 184 185 187 188 189 99.5 179 180 182 183 184 185 .187 188 .189 .190 100.0 .180 182 183 184 185 187 188 .189 191 192 (continued) SMITHSONIAN METEOROLOGICAL TABLES 158 TABLE 45 (CONTINUED) REDUCTION OF THE MERCURY COLUMN TO STANDARD TEMPERATURE Attached ther- mometer “154 100.0 100.5 101.0 101.5 102.0 102.5 103.0 103.5 104.0 104.5 105.0 105.5 106.0 106.5 107.0 107.5 108.0 108.5 109.0 109.5 110.0 110.5 111.0 111.5 112.0 112.5 113.0 113.5 114.0 114.5 115.0 115.5 116.0 116.5 117.0 117.5 118.0 118.5 119.0 119.5 120.0 English units Height of the mercury column— inches _——————————— nn 28.0 28.2 28.4 28.6 28.8 29.0 29.2 29.4 29.6 29.8 inch inch inch inch inch inch inch inch inch inch —0.180 —0.182 —0.183 —0.184 —0.185 —0.187 —0.188 —0.189 —0.191 —0.192 181 183 184 185 .187 188 189 191 .192 .193 183 184 185 187 188 .189 191 192 193 .194 .184 185 187 188 189 191 .192 .193 .194 .196 185 187 188 189 191 .192 193 194 .196 197 —0.186 —0.188 —0.189 —0.190 —0.192 —0.193 —0.194 —0.196 —0.197 —0.198 188 189 .190 192 193 194 .196 197 .198 .200 .189 190 192 193 194 .196 197 .198 .200 201 .190 192 193 .194 .196 197 .198 200 201 .202 191 193 194 196 197 198 .200 201 .202 204 —0.193 —0.194 —0.195 —0.197 —0.198 —0.200 —0.201 —0.202 —0.204 —0.205 .194 195 197 198 .200 201 .202 .204 205 .206 195 197 198 199 201 .202 .204 205 206 .208 196 198 199 201 .202 .203 205 .206 .208 .209 198 199 201 202 203 205 .206 .208 .209 210 —0.199 —0.200 —0.202 —0.203 —0.205 —0.206 —0.208 —0.209 —0.210 —0.212 .200 .202 203 205 .206 .207 .209 .210 Oe, TANS: .202 203 .204 .206 .207 209 210 212 213 214 203 .204 .206 .207 .209 .210 AM 213 214 .216 .204 205 .207 .208 210 PAUL 213 214 .216 PAY —0.205 —0.207 —0.208 —0.210 —0.211 —0.213 —0.214 —0.216 —0.217 —0.218 .206 .208 .209 SAI E22 214 215 217 218 .220 .208 209 211 212 214 215 GAYE 218 220 221 209 210 IAW 213 215 .216 218 .219 221 .222 .210 PAZ 213 215 216 218 219 SHAN .222 224 —0.212 —0.213 —0.215 —0.216 —0.218 —0.219 —0.221 —0.222 —0.224 —0.225 VAs) 214 216 VAN 219 .220 Lee 223 225 226 214 216 217 219 .220 .222 .223 225 226 .228 215 YANG! 218 .220 YefA\ 223 224 .226 .228 .229 PAN) 218 .220 GLA 223 .224 .226 227 .229 .230 —0.218 —0.219 —0.221 —0.222 —0.224 —0.226 —0.227 —0.229 —0.230 —0.232 219 221 222 .224 225 227 .228 .230 232 1233) .220 .222 HES) 225 227 .228 230 E231 1233 234 .222 225 225 .226 228 .229 231 1233 234 236 223 224 226 228 .229 231 232 .234 235 237 —0.224 —0.226 —0.227 —0.229 —0.230 —0.232 —0.234 —0.235 —0.237 —0.238 225 227 228 .230 232 233 235 .236 238 .240 227, 228 .230 231 239 255 .236 .238 .239 241 228 229 231 233 .234 236 237 .239 241 .242 .229 Lil 232 .234 236 237 .239 .240 .242 244 —0.230 —0.232 —0.234 —0.235 —0.237 —0.238 —0.240 —0.242 —0.243 —0.245 (continued) SMITHSONIAN METEOROLOGICAL TABLES TABLE 45 (CONTINUED) 159 REDUCTION OF THE MERCURY COLUMN TO STANDARD TEMPERATURE English units Height of the mercury column— inches 298° 300° 302° 304° 30.6 So) SLO" -SL2Z” Sa. SHG inch inch inch inch inch inch inch inch inch inch +0.078 +-0.078 +0.079 +-0.079 +0.080 +0.080 +0.081 +0.081 +0.082 +0.082 Attached ther- mometer =a) =a 0.5 +0.076 +0.077 +0.077 +0.078 +-0.078 +0. On +0. es +0. ben 0. oe +0.081 1.0 .075 .076 .076 .077 .077 078 .080 1.5 .074 .074 075 075 .076 076 oe 7 res 078 2.0 072 .073 .073 074 .074 075 075 .076 .076 077 2 071 .071 072 .072 073 .073 074 074 075 075 3.0 +40. oa +0. a +0. on +0.071 +-0.071 +0.072 +0.072 -10. ne +0.073 +-0.074 3.5 069 070%. :670 .070 071 071 072 072 4.0 Oe 07 068 068 .069 .069 .070 .070 .070 .071 45 065 .066 .066 .067 067 .068 .068 .069 .069 .069 5.0 064 065 065 .065 .066 .066 .067 .067 .068 .068 5.5 +0.063 +0. pss +0, re: +0.064 +-0.064 +0.065 +0.065 +0.066 +0.066 +-0.067 6.0 .061 .062 .063 063 .063 064 .064 065 065 6.5 .060 000 .061 061 .062 062 062 063 .063 .064 7.0 .059 059 059 .060 .060 061 .061 061 .062 .062 7.5 057 058 058 .058 059 059 .060 .060 .060 061 8.0 8 +0. Hee +0.056 +0. oe +0, oy +0: 057 +0. pee +0.058 +0.059 +0.059 +0.059 8.5 055 056 .056 057 057 058 058 9.0 oe ‘Oe4 ‘Oe a 055 055 055 .056 056 .056 9.5 052 052 053 .053 053 054 054 054 055 055 10.0 051 051 051 052 052 052 053 053 053 054 10.5 +0.049 +0.049 +0.050 +0.050 +-0.050 +0.051 +0.051 +0.051 +0.052 +0.052 11.0 .048 048 .048 049 049 049 .050 050 .050 051 M.5 046 047 047 047 .048 048 .048 049 049 049 12.0 045 045 .046 046 046 047 047 .047 048 .048 12.5 044 044 044 045 045 045 045 .046 046 .046 13.0 +0.042 +0.043 +0.043 +0.043 +0.044 +0.044 +0.044 +0.044 +0.045 +0.045 13.5 041 041 .042 042 042 042 043 043 043 043 14.0 .040 .040 .040 .040 041 041 041 042 042 042 14.5 .038 039 .039 .039 .039 .040 .040 .040 .040 041 15.0 .037 .037 .037 .038 .038 038 .038 039 .039 .039 15.5 +0.036 +0.036 +0.036 +0.036 +-0.037 +0.037 +0.037 +-0.037 +0.037 +-0.038 16.0 034 034 035 035 035 035 036 .036 .036 036 16.5 033 033 .033 034 .034 034 034 .034 035 035 17.0 .032 .032 .032 .032 032 .033 033 033 .033 033 17.5 .030 .030 031 .031 031 .031 031 032 .032 .032 18.0 +0.029 +0.029 +0.029 +0.029 +-0.030 4+-0.030 +0.030 +-0.030 +0.030 +-0.031 18.5 .027 .028 .028 .028 .028 .028 029 029 .029 029 19.0 .026 .026 .026 027 .027 027 .027 .027 027 .028 19.5 025 025 025 025 025 026 026 .026 026 026 20.0 023 .024 024 024 024 024 024 024 025 025 20.55 +0.022 +0.022 +-0.022 +0.022 +0.023 +0.023 +0.023 +0.023 +-0.023 +-0.023 21.0 021 021 021 021 021 021 022 022 022 022 21.5 .019 019 .020 .020 .020 .020 .020 .020 .020 .020 22.0 .018 018 .018 018 018 019 019 019 019 019 22.5 017 017 017 017 017 017 017 017 017 018 23.0 +0.015 +0.015 +0.015 +0.016 +0.016 +0.016 +0.016 +0.016 +0.016 +-0.016 25 014 014 014 014 014 014 014 015 015 015 24.0 .013 013 .013 013 013 013 013 013 013 013 24.5 011 011 011 011 011 012 012 012 012 012 25.0 .010 010 .010 .010 .010 .010 .010 .010 .010 .010 (continued) SMITHSONIAN METEOROLOGICAL TABLES 160 TABLE 45 (CONTINUED) REDUCTION OF THE MERCURY COLUMN TO STANDARD TEMPERATURE English units Attached . (So iter. Gogh gu 0a ade 306 O1y- inch inch inch inch inch PASS) +0.008 +-0.009 +0.009 +0.009 +0.009 26.0 .007 007 .007 .007 .007 26.5 006 006 .006 .006 .006 27.0 004 .004 .004 005 005 27.5 003 .003 .003 .003 003 28.0 +0.002 +0.002 +0.002 +0.002 +0.002 28.5 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 29.0 —0.001 mye —0.001 —0.001 —0.001 29.5 .002 002", 002 002 30.0 004 004 .004 004 ~=—.004 30.5 —0.005 —0.005 —0.005 —0.005 —0.005 31.0 006. 006: 006" 007, 007 35 008 008 .008 .008 .008 32.0 009 ~=6.009—=S's«009—'s«009s« 009 32.5 010) ry-011 O11 011 011 33.0 —0.012 —0.012 —0.012 —0.012 —0.012 33.5 O13 013 Olsy VOLS). 2014 34.0 OUS eOlS ier O15) y.015 2015 34.5 (DUG eO16" 1.016), 016, 0l6 35.0 (Oli vanOl7 ar0l7 js o018' «018 35.5 —0.019 —0.019 —0.019 —0.019 —0.019 36.0 O20 7.020) 20207" 020), 020 36.5 021 021 1022,» .022, 022 37.0 1025028) 34023) 2023), 028 37.5 024, 024.024 -.024—Ss 25 38.0 —0.025 —0.026 —0.026 —0.026 —0.026 38.5 M27) 027 027). 0270) 027, 39.0 5028; 9 028 jur:028) uy.029') 2029 39.5 L021 400301030) 7.030). 2030 40.0 031 .031 031 .031 032 40.5 —0.032 —0.032 —0.033 —0.033 —0.033 41.0 1033 1034) "08457" 1034-5)” 034 41.5 1035 9035 mp 035) Wi. 0359" 036 42.0 OI OR OY AS LORY Ae DS 42.5 1087, se 0387 971-038, 1.038: .. 088 43.0 —0.039 —0.039 —0.039 —0.040 —0.040 43.5 040 040 «041 041 041 44.0 042 042 042 042 043 44.5 1O43inmmO4S (my ,043 05044" | 048 45.0 044 045.045.045.045 45.5 —0.046 —0.046 —0.046 —0.047 —0.047 46.0 047° 047" 048, 048° 048 46.5 048 049 049 049 .050 47.0 O50) ar050 a 050 Veeco! 051 47.5 051 051 L052) 92052) U2 48.0 —0.052 —0.053 —0.053 —0.053 —0.054 48.5 O54 05407054") 2055) 1055 49.0 1055 Wie O5S mpOoO nD ie050), 05% 49.5 1056. 37057 0571) e058) 2058 50.0 10587, 1.058, 7-058 2 4y.059) 2058 (continued) SMITHSONIAN METEOROLOGICAL TABLES 30.8 inch +0.009 +0.009 +0.009 +0.009 +0.009 .007 007, 007, 00S. =e .006 .005 .003 +0.002 0.000 —0.001 .002 .004 —0.005 .007 Height of the mercury column—inches 31.0 inch 006 005 003 +0.002 0.000 —0.001 .002 .004 —0.005 .007 .008 .009 011 —0.012 014 015 017 018 —0.019 021 .022 024 025 —0.026 028 .029 031 032 —0.033 035 31.2 inch 006 005 003 +0.002 0.000 —0.001 .002 .004 —0.005 .007 .008 .010 011 —0.012 014 015 017 018 —0.019 021 022 024 025 —0.027 .028 029 031 032 —0.034 035 036 038 039 —0.041 042 043 .045 046 —0.048 .049 051 052 053 —0.055 .056 058 059 .060 31.4 inch .006 .005 .003 +0.002 0.000 —0.001 .002 .004 —0.005 .007 .008 .010 011 —0.012 014 015 017 018 —0.020 021 .022 024 025 —0.027 028 .030 031 032 —0.034 035 037 038 -.040 —0.041 042 044 .045 .047 —0.048 .049 051 052 054 —0.055 057 .058 059 061 31.6 inch +0.002 0.000 —0.001 002 TABLE 45 (CONTINUED) 161 REDUCTION OF THE MERCURY COLUMN TO STANDARD TEMPERATURE English units Attached Height of the mercury column— inches cemtice 29.8 30.0 30.2 30.4 30.6 30.8 31.0 31.2 31.4 31.6 oF. inch inch inch inch inch inch inch inch inch inch 50.5 —0.059 —0.059 —0.060 —0.060 —0.061 —0.061 —0.061 —0.062 —0.062 —0.063 51.0 .060 061 .061 .062 .062 062 .063 .063 .064 .064 eS 062 .062 063 063 063 064 064 065 065 065 52.0 063 064 064 064 065 .065 066 .066 066 067 B25 064 065 .065 066 066 067 067 .067 068 068 53.0 —0.066 —0.066 —0.067 —0.067 —0.068 —0.068 —0.068 —0.069 —0.069 —0.070 53.5 067 068 .068 069 069 .069 .070 .070 071 071 54.0 068 069 .069 070 070 071 071 072 072 073 54.5 070 .070 071 071 072 .072 073 073 074 074 55.0 071 072 072 073 073 074 074 075 075 075 55.55 —0.073 —0.073 —0.074 —0.074 —0.074 —0.075 —0.075 —0.076 —0.076 —0.077 56.0 074 074 075 075 076 .076 077 077 078 078 56.5 075 076 076 077 077 .078 078 079 079 080 57.0 077 077 .078 078 079 079 080 .080 081 081 57.5 078 078 079 079 080 .081 081 .082 082 083 58.0 —0.079 —0.080 —0.080 —0.081 —0.081 —0.082 —0.082 —0.083 —0.084 —0.084 58.5 08 081 08. 082 083 .083 08 084 085 085 59.0 082 .083 .083 084 084 085 085 .086 086 087 59.5 083 084 084 085 086 086 087 .087 088 088 60.0 085 085 086 086 087 .087 088 .089 089 090 60.5 —0.086 —0.087 —0.087 —0.088 —0.088 —0.089 —0.089 —0.090 —0.091 —0.091 61.0 08 088 089 089 090 .090 091 091 .092 093 61.5 089 .089 .090 090 091 .092 092 .093 093 094 62.0 090 091 091 092 092 093 094 .094 095 095 62.5 091 .092 093 093 094 094 095 .096 096 097 63.0 —0.093 —0.093 —0.094 —0.095 —0.095 —0.096 —0.096 —0.097 —0.098 —0.098 63.5 094 095 095 096 097 .097 098 .098 .099 100 64.0 095 .096 .097 097 098 .099 099 .100 101 101 64.5 097 .097 .098 099 099 100 101 101 102 103 65.0 098 .099 .099 100 101 101 102 103 103 104 65.5 —0.099 —0.100 —0.101 —0.101 —0.102 —0.103 —0.103 —0.104 —0.105 —0.105 66.0 101 101 102 103 103 104 105 106 106 107 66.5 102 103 103 104 105 106 106 107 108 108 67.0 103 104 105 106 106 107 108 108 109 110 67.5 105 106 106 107 108 108 109 110 110 111 68.0 —0.106 —0.107 —0.108 —0.108 —0.109 —0.110 —0.110 —0.111 —0.112 —0.113 68.5 107 108 109 110 110 111 112 Alls; 113 114 69.0 109 110 110 111 112 112 113 114 115 115 69.5 110 ali 112 112 113 .114 115 115 116 117 70.0 112 112 113 114 115 a5 116 117 117 118 70.5 —0.113 —0.114 —0.114 —0.115 —0.116 —0.117 —0.117 —0.118 —0.119 —0.120 71.0 114 115 116 116 117 118 119 120 120 121 wle5 116 116 alilz/ 118 119 119 120 121 22 123 72.0 117 118 118 119 120 2M 122 122 123 124 42.5 118 119 120 121 121 122 123 124 S125 125 73.0 —0.120 —0.120 —0.121 —0.122 —0.123 —0.124 —0.124 —0.125 —0.126 —0.127 73.5 121 122 “23 123 124 AVS 126 127 127 128 74.0 ZZ 123 124 125 126 126 74/ 128 129 130 74.5 124 124 125 126 slZ#/ 128 129 129 130 131 75.0 125 126 127 127 128 129 130 131 2132 132 (continued) SMITHSONIAN METEOROLOGICAL TABLES 162 TABLE 45 (CONTINUED) REDUCTION OF THE MERCURY COLUMN TO STANDARD TEMPERATURE Attached ther- mometer Aig 155 76.0 English units Height of the mercury column—inches ———— 29.8 30.0 30.2 30.4 30.6 inch inch inch inch inch —0.126 —0.127 —0.128 —0.129 —0: 130 128 128 129 Aso; Se 129 130 131 132 132 130 131 132 133 134 132 AIS} 133 134 e135 —0.133 —0.134 —0.135 —0.136 —0.137 He lays S60 137 .138 NSGu 137.1377 e138 139 137, SS 139.140) | 141 SG LSS, 146 141 .142 —0.140 —0.141 —0.142 —0.142 —0.143 141 142 143) =.144 145 4200s 14S), 14450) 145. 146 44, 1452), 146: 9, 147: © 148 145 L46o) 14700), 148; e149 —0.146 —0.147 —0.148 —0.149 —0.150 sb4ete, L298 SOD. UST 152 14900), S004. 151 52, FHSS ASOT, 151 S20 153) OSA SUSAteu Lose L549, 155 .156 —0.153 —0.154 —0.155 —0.156 —0.157 eliSdreun -U5ote. .L5ored, 158) 859. USGye USA Ue USSeee. 159? = 2160 SH eLoSveh 1590. 160° S16! ESGree. Log) eu, 161 162. "2163 —0.160 —0.161 —0.162 —0.163 —0.164 161 L6ZE 163" 164 a5 hG2mit 164i, 165) 166) Ya167 OSM. L65i0), 166". 167) ial68 65, 1600), 167601» .168 WlZ0 —0.166 —0.168 —0.169 —0.170 —0.171 LGGirre L690: 170M. 171 172 MOSES LO 171 73) CAA sLZOR UZZ ee ZS ROL, ZA* OGIZ5 ZN te ATE TIEN ATS: | CG —0.173 —0.174 —0.175 —0.177 —0.178 L74i Ty AZO LA7e ok, 178 TAE79 LAG 1, UAZGa?. Zi 212 308 209 . 211 “12 «2135 209. 211 IZ 213 e215 210, 212 S3213.9> 215 3216 —0.212 —0.213 —0.215 —0.216 —0.217 alee ZS R216) 217, 2219 Zlay 1206 MR2U7 219" F220 2lGe 27”) FeZ19 220 3222 Bide 29 2204 S221 223 —0.218 —0.220 —0.221 —0.223 —0.224 220. ael .223 224 ~=—.226 221 223 P22A ZOO e227 222 Ler R225 VIN 227 | W228 224. 225 Pez Ie e228 A230 —0.225 —0.227 —0.228 —0.230 —0.231 226 228 229. | 231 .232 Zier 229 1, e230 an | 234 229) 523 H2S2). | W234) kA35 230m 282, LSE 235 | 4237 —0.232 —0.233 —0.235 —0.236 —0.238 233 3200 230» 238, 2239 23% 3236. e238) 239 24 2o07, -a2d7 1 23K 24D ZA 237. 4239 1.4240 242,243 —0.238 —0.240 —0.242 —0.243 —0.245 240 ~=—-.241 243.245 .246 .241 243 244 246 8.248 2426 244 1 246: > 247 = 249 244 245 247 249 250 —0.245 —0.247 —0.248 —0.250 —0.252 SMITHSONIAN METEOROLOGICAL TABLES hp AS a ee 30:3) USO weisz. S14 S16 inch inch inch inch inch —0.198 —0.200 —0.201 —0.202 —0.203 .200 .201 .202 .203 205 .201 202 204 205 .206 .202 .204 205 .206 .208 204 205 206 .208 .209 —0.205 —0.206 —0.208 —0.209 —0.210 OO 208 3209 es 21t .212 .208 ~—-.209 ANG 22a Weeks 209) | R20 Zizi 215 AIS) 211 12, M213 G25 216 —0.212 —0.213 —0.215 —0.216 —0.218 .213 215 PAN a t's Coe MEZA LS) 2215 216 218 eS 219 .220 NGOs ele, UZi9 220), 222 ZS Zid .220 222 220 —0.219 —0.220 —0.222 —0.223 —0.225 220)" 4222 .223 .229 .226 a2 | 4223 229 220m Reed, 223 2ON WZ20 a La aeeo 224 4226. 227 © 229 .230 —0.226 —0.227 —0.229 —0.230 —0.232 oh | 229 .230 PRs |) 229 2230 232 aca 234 200 2231 .233 234 236 ol .233 24 230 .237 —0.233 —0.234 —0.236 —0.237 —0.239 oe | 8236 1237 = 239") 22240 295 Zot. M2380) 240), Weeds 30" 238M ZANE 241 243 208° 2A0 © :241 243 = .244 —0.240 —0.241 —0.243 —0.244 —0.246 .241 ane 2AA 246, eal 242 244 = .245 247 —-.249 AR SAS. DAT Se ZAR e250 245 AT M248 8 2500" eel —0.246 —0.248 —0.250 —0.251 —0.253 AG) | e249) 1 PeeZ5 1 .253 .254 249) 2 Seok S292 204 2256 OU E202, PR254 Brie 255 een”, KaOo REDS ie e0o OF 7 A258 —0.253 —0.255 —0.257 —0.258 —0.260 TABLE 46 REDUCTION OF THE MERCURY COLUMN TO STANDARD TEMPERATURE 164 Metric units Millimeter or millibar barometers and manometers (see p. 137). subtracted added 0°C., the correction is to be (Correction in same units as height of mercury column.) above below For temperatures Attached Height of the mercury column—mm. or mb. ther- mometer (continued) SMITHSONIAN METEOROLOGICAL TABLES 165 500 REDUCTION OF THE MERCURY COLUMN TO STANDARD TEMPERATURE 460 480 440 380 400 420 Metric units 360 Height of the mercury column—mm. or mb. 340 TABLE 46 (CONTINUED) abo For temperatures ee 0°C., the correction is to be es (see p. 137). Millimeter or millibar barometers and manometers (Correction in same units as height of mercury column.) 260 280 300 320 mometer SONS en ATS Tere =e Ae ene Ode) - ewe (Oe em Kelpasy” 9 - ke Veh Reucewes - nen ley, ekaemmebe i acl ieartelieiie, St wlete = sei neie te oie 6h 8 che ole Nene, et (8> ene, sim) elk emia! 6 Ure, Ke(Scel fate) “oaa@ibscelspie(s pe) mie, > s cerulporer Malta eens oes) elss. ete @orae Kae eS COs Cateseerjerirenie, Exel sae es 5° f Seles i phe he Bamten rea tetne cywlelaiep=TemMemren 2 lelmie! reine mate eres C7 eae. Geemeeiatene 70 jes clei ie, wet se telemmt hea lel ne. emia sat tenet Mesetasae—jat rer Se, 5 tet welske nome Tee ee Swe Kase ere ei selare Sriwirué@ een ee ge, Sereljelriel verke. jarekuehoaipretp e eke nar nelt—gay—ce) pees. Hey te ef Le Se? Sy lemme 8 lerex ene se Leis e. Oe Ment opel ie telus peben aes ve_ wets: rer wel yelgke: ce x-ge) ne). epeke ve erate ele kenye Gubetre ures 68 Leese tens? 40). Seek elgieene: St aekusimratnelrie, Pipe usmikekadalake’ Jaa ka lepenege pace co) (=) (=) Onn nA es Aetetoe, Sees BM HNNAN SAAN MEM CONOWQ AQ*OIH ANIM NMOON WAQAHS Oo (=| (=) (ee ee ee ee ora: oie we, =e eee ae Sesh 6) Sai Oem eMeme! «6 idin@iiabar ates) Sule cee lee —oéhere senetehone: lepton nerrieisie oe: low iekure “Seer geruie Or 6 8 “palskerOhgceuete creek nem elie? li rebWenc gene Ciiewmelpyeheyest- 0 2 ee yee Sein ers Oo (SS) oO (=) rt Se Be Bh oe oe | So I oe Boe Bh oe Se Bh oon Bh oe hoe SOc USAR AS: UAEQNONOr DRC CO ONOY. Osi (Gita to sis Tato Ors Oo (=) S Co) ee ee ee ee) ere Ten ede Se Ste ael Od | ease. se) Gel rekerer sel ce, | Everest. el ce, Aeon egg of ie cy yer el emery e ee meRe Cig Sse ame Meiege. Da thetakefcaign® tetemiscetelamsiege. (pasleegsvagl ess . Se selgely pennatere OSCTANMSF MONDAD COANMT MONOD it Neo 3 Sans ert NN NN (continued) SMITHSONIAN METEOROLOGICAL TABLES 166 TABLE 46 (CONTINUED) REDUCTION OF THE MERCURY COLUMN TO STANDARD TEMPERATURE Metric units Millimeter or millibar barometers and manometers abov For temperatures fA E 0°C., the correction is to be ee aa (see p. 137). Ww (Correction in same units as height of mercury column.) ap sig Height of the mercury column—mm. or mb. er- (a iad 440 450 460 470 480 490 500 510 520 530 540 550 560 0 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 1 07 07 08 08 08 .08 08: 08 6 208 °409 409 09 5209 2 4 6 48° 45.45: AG. 16 Ao) 437. 37 1a7 C88: 31S Bs 3 Ze 822 28: 8232 424) (24 24.) 425. 25 4226 4260) E27 BZ 4 2 2 30 si si 32 33 33.1354 35 195 336 6.397 5 0.36 0.37 0.38 0.38 0.39 0.40 0.41 0.42 0.42 0.43 0.44 0.45 0.46 6 43 45 46 47 48 1449.4 250 2 ei te2. 253. S548 255 fl oO St 53 64 35: 56 5] 58 7 59. 31 “62 «263° oF 8 57 6559) 60 «elk 63S 4 05. 367 ~ 68 (69 -270 22-9 83 9 OS £6 £8 6 70 72 93.) 75.296 398 29 “Bree 10 0.72 0.73 0.75 0.77 0.78 0.80 0.82 0.83 0.85 0.86 0.88 0.90 0.91 11 79 «Bl $3 +84 286. 88 0. , 91 93.1305 97 99 Fi 12 So 688 824 S98 ‘98° 1:00 1:02 1:04 1:06 808 s140 13 93 85 97 1:00) 102 1.04 1:06 52:08 S110 aei2 Ast4> 1517 p18 16 145 117 1.20 123: 125. 128 1.30 1.33 1-36 1.38 1.41 1.43 1.46 18 1.29 1.32 1.35 1.38 1.41 1.44 1.47 1.50 1.52 1.55 1.58 1.61 1.64 19 1.36 1.39 142 145 149 1.52 1.55 1.58 161 1.64 1.67 1.70 1.73 20 143 1.47 1.50 1.53 1.56 1.60 1.63 166 169 1.73 1.76 1.79 1.82 21 1.50 1.54 1.57 1.61 1.64 1.67 171 1.74 1.78 1.81 185 188 1.91 22 158 1.61 1.65 1.68 1.72 1.75 1.79 183 186 1.90 1.93 197 201 23 1.65 1.68 1.72 1.76 1.80 1.83 187 1.91 1.95 198 202 206 2.10 24 1.72 1.76 180 1.84 1.87 1.91 195 199 203 207 211 215.219 25 1.79 183 187 191 1.95 1.99 203 207 2:11 216. 220 224 228 26 186 1.90 1.95 1.99 203 2.07 214-216 220 224 228 233 237 27 1.93 1.98 2.02 2.06 2.11 2.15 2.20 224 228 233 237 241 246 28 2.00 2.05 2.09 214 218 223 228 2.32 2.37 241 246 250 2.55 29 207 212 297 222 226° 231 2.36 240 245 250 255 2.59 264 30 215 219 224 229 2.34 2.39 2.44 249 254 258 263 268 2.73 31 222 24 232 297 242 247 25) +257 Be? 267 272 277 eRe 32 229 2.34 239 2.44 2.50 2.55 260 265 2.70 276 281 286 291 33 236 2A 2A7 252 257 263 268 273 2.79 284 289 295 3.00 34 2.43 248 2.54 260 265 271 2.76 282 287 293 2.98 3.04 3.09 35 2.50 2.56 2.61 267 2.73 2.78 284 2.90 2.96 3.01 3.07 3.13 3.18 (continued) SMITHSONIAN METEOROLOGICAL TABLES TABLE 46 (CONTINUED) 167 REDUCTION OF THE MERCURY COLUMN TO STANDARD TEMPERATURE Metric units Millimeter or millibar barometers and manometers above below subtracted For temperatures 0°C., the correction is to be adiled (see p. 137). (Correction in same units as height of mercury column.) Height of the mercury column Height of the mercury column pions fae 560 mm. or mb. 570 mm. or mb. - (EE Oo Pee 0.0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 0.0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 0 0.00 0.02 0.04 0.05 0.07 0.00 0.02 0.04 0.06 0.07 1 09 als] 13 Als 16 .09 Alli alls als) 17 2 18 20 22 24 .26 19 20 22 24 26 3 27 29 31 <08 35 .28 30 32 34 35 4 37 38 40 42 44 ay/ 39 41 43 45 5 0.46 0.48 049 0.51 0.53 0.47 0.48 0.50 0.52 0.54 6 55 a7 58 .60 62 56 58 60 61 63 7 64 66 68 69 whl 65 67 69 71 73 8 73 75 77 79 80 74 76 78 80 82 9 82 84 86 88 90 84 86 87 89 91 10 0.91 0.93 0.95 0.97 0.99 0.93 0.95 0.97 0.99 1.00 11 1.00 1.02 1.04 1.06 1.08 1.02 1.04 1.06 1.08 1.10 12 1.10 1.11 1.13 HS) TAZ, 1.12 1.13 1.15 1.17 1.19 13 1.19 1.20 22 1.24 1.26 1.21 1.23 125 1.26 1.28 15 1.37 1.39 1.41 1.42 1.44 1.39 1.41 1.43 1.45 1.47 16 1.46 1.48 1.50 1.51 1.53 1.49 1.50 £52 1.54 1.56 17 1.55 1.57 1.59 1.61 1.62 1.58 1.60 1.62 1.63 1.65 18 1.64 1.66 1.68 1.70 1.71 1.67 1.69 1.71 1.73 1.75 19 1.73 1.75 1.77 1.79 1.81 1.76 1.78 1.80 1.82 1.84 20 1.82 1.84 1.86 1.88 1.90 1.86 1.87 1.89 1.91 1.93 21 1.91 1.93 1.95 1.97 1.99 1.95 1.97 1.99 2.00 2.02 22 2.01 2.02 2.04 2.06 2.08 2.04 2.06 2.08 2.10 Zale 23 2.10 anil 2.13 2.05 Zale 2.13 ZA5 27, 2.19 fA 24 2.19 2.20 2.22 2.24 2.26 2.23 2.24 2.26 2.28 2.30 25 2.28 2.30 2.31 2.33 2.35 2.32 2.34 2.35 2.37 2.39 26 SY) 2.39 2.40 2.42 2.44 2.41 2.43 2.45 2.47 2.48 27 2.46 2.48 2.49 2:51 2.53 2.50 PASYA 2.54 2.56 2.58 28 2.55 2.57 2.59 2.60 2.62 2.59 2.61 2.63 2.65 2.67 29 BOF 67-2166" 9.268" 92:69" = 2371 269" 271 DIZ) ©2748" W276 30 Bip se May UE ZIT> FA278" | (280 278) NAZRO, (282° (2:83, i285 31 2.82 2.84 2.86 2.87 2.89 2.87 2.89 2.91 2.93 2.94 6 2.91 2.93 2.95 2.97 2.98 2.96 2.98 3.00 3.02 3.04 33 3.00 3.02 3.04 3.06 3.07 3.06 3.07 3.09 3.11 Shl6) 34 5.09) 3 SS) F913.15 3.16 SAS’ PRO Z” andl! Necc20) | foe 35 SS) Yes 20 Nee inode 325 3:24 14.3:26" (63:28° 05 329" 331 36 3.27 3.29 3.31 3.33 3.34 ShS8: 3:35 SHY/ 3.39 3.40 37 3.36 3.38 3.40 3.42 3.44 3.42 3.44 3.46 3.48 3.50 38 3.45 3.47 3.49 Sho 3.53 B52 3.53 3155 3.57 3.59 39 3.54 3.56 3.58 3.60 3.62 3.61 3.63 3.64 3.66 3.68 40 3.63 3:00 se G07 ue a.09- 43:71 3:20" WE SZZ 0 uOL4 Ov.o0D). Lae 41 Se S.74 PN 764 2 378. £3180 3:79 05,3.81 3.03 88.3:857 3186 42 3.81 3.83 3.85 3.87 3.89 3.88 3.90 3.92 3.94 3.96 43 3.90 3.92 3.94 3.96 3.98 3.97 3.99 4.01 4.03 4.05 44 3.99 4.01 4.03 4.05 4.07 4.07 4.08 4.10 4.12 4.14 45 40S (40 Oh A120 414 TAG ANG W418" M419" (6421 4.23 (continued) SMITHSONIAN METEOROLOGICAL TABLES 168 TABLE 46 (CONTINUED) REDUCTION OF THE MERCURY COLUMN TO STANDARD TEMPERATURE Metric units Millimeter or millibar barometers and manometers above below (Correction in same units as height of mercury column.) subtracted For temperatures 0°C., the correction is to be added (see p. 137). Height of the mercury column Height of the mercury column peeaenes 580 mm. or mb. 590 mm. or mb. er- = SH oS meee 0.0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 0.0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 0 0.00 0.02 0.04 0.06 0.08 0.00 0.02 0.04 0.06 0.08 1 09 ailil 13 lS) a7, 10 MZ 213 lS ll7/ 2 19 Al 23 25 21 19 21 23 25 27 3 28 30 32 34 36 .29 31 33 35 37 4 38 40 42 44 45 39 40 42 44 46 5 0.47 0.49 0.51 0.53 0.55 0.48 0.50 0.52 0.54 0.56 6 57 59 61 62 64 58 60 62 64 65 7 66 68 70 12, 74 67 69 71 73 75 8 76 78 79 81 83 77 79 81 83 85 9 85 87 89 91 .93 87 89 90 92 94 10 0.95 0.96 0.98 1.00 1.02 0.96 0.98 1.00 1.02 1.04 11 1.04 1.06 1.08 1.10 1.12 1.06 1.08 1.10 12 1.14 12 113 1.15 17, 1.19 1.21 1.15 Tan7 1.19 1.21 1e23 won —_ 1 18 1.70 1.72 1.74 1.76 1.78 1.73 1675 WHI 1.79 1.81 19 1.79 1.81 1.83 1.85 1.87 1.83 1.84 1.86 1.88 1.90 20 1.89 1.91 1.93 1.95 1.96 1.92 1.94 1.96 198 2.00 21 1.98 2.00 2.02 2.04 2.06 2.02 2.04 2.06 2.07 2.09 22 2.08 2.10 2.11 23 215 welt 2al3 2.15 2.17 2.19 23 27. 2.19 THEN 2.23 2.25 2.21 2.23 2.25 2.27 2.28 24 2.26 2.28 2.30 2.92 2.34 2.30 2232 2.34 2.36 2.38 25 2.36 2.38 2.40 2.41 2.43 2.40 2.42 2.44 2.46 2.48 26 2.45 2.47 2.49 225i 2.53 2.49 2.51 2.53 255 2.57 27 2.55 257, 2.58 2.60 2.62 2.59 2.61 2.63 2.65 2.67 28 2.64 2.66 2.68 2.70 2:72 2.69 2.70 272 2.74 2.76 29 2.73 2.75 2.77 2.79 2.81 2.78 2.80 2.82 2.84 2.86 30 2.83 2.85 2.87 2.88 2.90 2.88 2.90 2.91 2.93 2.95 31 2.92 2.94 2.96 2.98 3.00 2.97 2.99 3.01 3.03 3.05 32 3.02 3.03 3.05 3.07 3.09 3.07 3.09 Sill 3.12 3.14 33 Sold 313 3.15 3.16 3.18 3.16 3.18 3.20 3.22 3.24 34 3.20 322 3.24 3.26 3.28 3.26 3.28 3.30 3.31 3.33 35 3.30 3.31 3.33 3.35 She 3.35 Shey / 3.39 3.41 3.43 36 3.39 3.41 3.43 3.45 3.46 3.45 3.47 3.49 Shel 3.52 37 3.48 3150) 3:52 3.54 3.56 3.54 3.56 3.58 3.60 3.62 38 3.58 3.60 3.61 3.63 3.65 3.64 3.66 3.68 3.70 3.71 39 3.67 3.69 SA 3.73 3.75 3.73 3.75 3.77 3.79 3.81 40 3.76 3.78 3.80 3.82 3.84 3.83 3.85 3.87 3.89 3.90 4] 3.86 3.88 3.89 3.91 3.93 3.92 3.94 3.96 3.98 4.00 42 3.95 3.97 3.99 4.01 4.02 4.02 4.04 4.06 4.08 4.09 43 4.04 4.06 4.08 4.10 4.12 4.11 4.13 4.15 4.17 4.19 44 4.14 4.16 417 4.19 4.21 4.21 4.23 4.25 4.27 4.28 45 4.23 4.25 4.27 4.29 4.30 4.30 4.32 4.34 4.36 4.38 (continued) SMITHSONIAN METEOROLOGICAL TABLES TABLE 46 (CONTINUED) 169 REDUCTION OF THE MERCURY COLUMN TO STANDARD TEMPERATURE Metric units Millimeter or millibar barometers and manometers For temperatures shor 0°C., the correction is to be subacted (see p. 137) (Correction in same units as height of mercury column.) Height of the mercury column Height of the mercury column mpsched 600 mm. or mb. 610 mm. or mb. er- ee, ee eer 0.0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 0.0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 0 0.00 0.02 0.04 0.06 0.08 0.00 0.02 0.04 0.06 0.08 1 10 AZ 14 16 18 10 12 14 16 18 2 20 22 24 25 Va .20 22 24 26 28 3 29 31 33 35 y/ 30 32 34 36 38 4 39 41 43 45 47 40 42 44 46 48 5 0.49 0.51 0.53 0.55 0.57 0.50 0.52 0.54 0.56 0.58 6 59 61 63 65 67 .60 62 64 66 68 7 69 70 U2 74 76 .70 72 74 76 78 8 78 80 82 84 86 .80 82 84 86 88 9 88 90 92 .94 .96 90 92 94 96 98 11 1.08 1.10 WW 1.13 iil 1.09 1.11 1.13 1.15 iil¢/ 12 ey, 1.19 Al 1.23 1.25 1.19 ILA 1.23 1.25 1.27 13 1E27, 1.29 sill 1.33 1.35 1.29 1.31 1.33 135 1.37 14 1537 1.39 1.41 1.43 1.45 1.39 1.41 1.43 1.45 1.47 15 1.47 1.49 15 1553, 1.54 1.49 1.51 1.53 155 Sy 16 1.56 1.58 1.60 1.62 1.64 1.59 1.61 1.63 1.65 1.67 17 1.66 1.68 1.70 172 1.74 1.69 ili gil 173 1.75 LZ 18 1.76 1.78 1.80 1.82 1.84 1.79 1.81 1.83 1.85 1.87 19 1.86 1.88 1.90 1.91 1.93 1.89 1.91 1.93 1.95 1.97 20 1.95 1.97 1.99 2.01 2.03 1.99 2.01 2.03 2.05 2.07 21 2.05 2.07 2.09 Za 23 2.09 2.10 BAZ 2.14 2.16 22 25 2G, 2.19 2.21 2.23 2.18 2.20 2.22 2.24 2.26 23 225 2.26 2.28 2.30 PASE 2.28 2.30 2.32 2.34 2.36 24 2.34 2.36 2.38 2.40 2.42 2.38 2.40 2.42 2.44 2.46 25 2.44 2.46 2.48 2.50 2.52 2.48 2.50 2:52 2.54 2.56 26 2.54 2.56 2.58 2.60 2.61 2.58 2.60 2.62 2.64 2.66 27 2.63 2.65 2.67 2.69 2d 2.68 2.70 2.72 2.74 2.76 28 Ze 2.75 Pdi 2.79 2.81 2.78 2.80 2.82 2.84 2.86 29 2.83 2.85 2.87 2.89 2.91 2.88 2.90 2.91 2.93 2.95 30 2.93 2.94 2.96 2.98 3.00 2.97 2.99 3.01 3.03 3.05 31 3.02 3.04 3.06 3.08 3.10 3.07 3.09 3.11 3.13 a5 32 3.12 3.14 3.16 3.18 3.20 3.17 3.19 3.21 O28 ae) 33 3.22 3.24 3.25 3.27 3.29 Ba) 3.29 3.31 3.33 53) 34 3.31 3.33 3.35 Siei/ 3.39 3.37 3.39 3.41 3.43 3.45 35 3.41 3.43 3.45 3.47 3.49 3.47 3.49 3.51 3.53 3.55 36 So 3.53 3.55 3.56 3.58 3.56 3.58 3.60 3.62 3.64 37 3.60 3.62 3.64 3.66 3.68 3.66 3.68 3.70 3.72 3.74 38 3.70 Se 3.74 3.76 3.78 3.76 3.78 3.80 3.82 3.84 39 3.80 3.82 3.84 3.85 3.87 3.86 3.88 3.90 3.92 3.94 40 3.89 3.91 3.93 3.95 3.97 3.96 3.98 4.00 4.02 4.04 4] 3.99 401 4.03 4.05 4.07 4.06 4.08 4.10 4.12 4.14 42 4.09 4.11 4.12 4.14 4.16 4.15 4.17 4.19 4.21 4.23 43 4.18 420 4.22 4.24 4.26 4.25 4.27 4.29 4.31 4.33 44 4.28 4.30 4.32 4.34 4.36 4.35 4.37 4.39 4.41 4.43 45 4.38 4.40 4.41 4.43 4.45 4.45 4.47 4.49 4.51 4.53 (continued) SMITHSONIAN METEOROLOGICAL TABLES 170 TABLE 46 (CONTINUED) REDUCTION OF THE MERCURY COLUMN TO STANDARD TEMPERATURE Metric units Millimeter or millibar barometers and manometers subtracted above 0°C., the correction is to be added (see p. 137). For temperatures below (Correction in same units as height of mercury column.) Height of the mercury column Height of the mercury column ireched 620 mm. or mb. 630 mm. or mb, ther ca SOY ———————— ES, a 0.0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 0.0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 0 0.00 0.02 0.04 0.06 0.08 0.00 0.02 0.04 0.06 0.08 1 10 a2 14 16 18 10 alZ 14 16 19 2 20 22 24 26 .28 7A\| 23 25 20 29 3 30 32 34 36 38 31 33 35 37 39 4 40 43 45 47 49 41 43 45 47 49 5 0.51 0.53 0.55 0.57 0.59 0.51 0.53 0.56 0.58 0.60 6 61 63 65 67 69 62 64 66 68 70 7 71 73 5 77 79 Vio 74 76 78 80 8 81 83 85 87 89 82 84 86 88 90 9 91 93 95 97 99 92 95 97 99 1.01 10 1.01 1.03 1.05 1.07 1.09 1.03 1.05 1.07 1.09 pel AT iil E13 1BN5 iL al 1.19 PIS 1.15 Vs 1.19 1.21 12 Ail 1.23 1525 1.27 1.29 1223) 1.25 27, 1.29 1.31 13 1.31 1k33 1235 1037 1.39 1.34 1.36 1.38 1.40 1.42 14 1.41 1.43 1.46 1.48 1.50 1.44 1.46 1.48 1.50 1.52 15 1.52 1.54 1.56 1.58 1.60 1.54 1.56 1.58 1.60 1.62 16 1.62 1.64 1.66 1.68 1.70 1.64 1.66 1.68 1.70 1272 17 Wi? 1.74 1.76 1.78 1.80 1.74 Leei7 1.79 1.81 1.83 18 1.82 1.84 1.86 1.88 1.90 1.85 1.87 1.89 1.91 1.93 19 1.92 1.94 1.96 1.98 2.00 1.95 1.97 1.99 2.01 2.03 20 2.02 2.04 2.06 2.08 2.10 2.05 2.07 2.09 aul Zale ZAI ZAZ 2.14 2.16 2.18 2.20 2S 2.17 2.19 2.21 2.24 22 2.22 2.24 2.26 2.28 2.30 2.26 2.28 2.30 2.32 2.34 23 ZnSe 2.34 2.36 2.38 2.40 2.36 2.38 2.40 2.42 2.44 24 2.42 2.44 2.46 2.48 2.50 2.46 2.48 2.50 2.52 2.54 25 2.52 2.54 2.56 2.58 2.60 2.56 2.58 2.60 2.62 2.64 26 2.62 2.64 2.66 2.68 2.70 2.66 2.68 2.70 2.73 2.75 27 2.72 2.74 2.76 2.78 2.80 214. 2.79 2.81 2.83 2.85 28 2.82 2.84 2.86 2.88 2.90 2.87 2.89 2.91 2.93 2.95 29 2.92 2.94 2.96 2.98 3.00 2.97 2.99 3.01 3.03 3.05 30 3.02 3.04 3.06 3.08 3.10 3.07 3.09 Sitti 3.13 3.15 31 S74 3.14 3.16 3.18 3.20 3.17 3.19 SA 323 3.25 32 3.22 3.24 3.26 3.28 3.30 3.28 3.30 SSYA 3.34 3.36 33 3.32 3.34 3.36 3.38 3.40 3.38 3.40 3.42 3.44 3.46 34 3.42 3.44 3.46 3.48 3.50 3.48 3.50 SEY 3.54 3.56 35 3.52 3.54 3.56 3.58 3.60 3.58 3.60 3.62 3.64 3.66 36 3.62 3.64 3.66 3.68 3.70 3.68 3.70 S72 3.74 3.76 37 3.72 3.74 3.76 3.78 3.80 3.78 3.80 3.82 3.84 3.86 38 3.82 3.84 3.86 3.88 3.90 3.89 3.91 3.93 3.95 3.97 39 3.92 3.94 3.96 3.98 4.00 3.99 4.01 4.03 4.05 4.07 40 4.02 4.04 4.06 4.08 4.10 4.09 4.11 4.13 4.15 4.17 41 4.12 4.14 4.16 4.18 4.20 4.19 4.21 4.23 4.25 4.27 42 4.22 4.24 4.26 4.28 4.30 4.29 4.31 4.33 4.35 4.37 43 4.32 4.34 4.36 4.38 4.40 4.39 4.41 4.43 4.45 4.47 44 4.42 4.44 4.46 4.48 4.50 4.49 4.51 4.53 4.55 4.58 45 4.52 4.54 4.56 4.58 4.60 4.59 4.62 4.64 4.66 4.68 (continued) SMITHSONIAN METEOROLOGICAL TABLES TABLE 46 (CONTINUED) 171 REDUCTION OF THE MERCURY COLUMN TO STANDARD TEMPERATURE Metric units Millimeter or millibar barometers and manometers For temperatures ale 0°C., the correction is to be subtracted (see p. 137). added (Correction in same units as height of mercury column.) Height of the mercury column Height of the mercury column ened 640 mm. or mb. 650 mm. or mb. - OO oF ma 0.0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 0.0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 0 0.00 0.02 0.04 0.06 0.08 0.00 0.02 0.04 0.06 0.08 1 10 13 15 17 19 ll a's AS 17 19 2 21 23 25 PH .29 21 23 25 28 30 3 31 33 36 38 40 YZ 34 36 38 40 4 42 44 46 48 50 42 45 47 49 51 5 0.52 0.54 0.56 0.59 0.61 0.53 0.55 0.57 0.59 0.62 6 63 65 67 .69 PA 64 66 68 70 72 7 73 75 77 79 81 74 76 78 81 83 8 84 86 88 .90 92 85 87 89 91 93 9 94 96 98 1.00 1.02 95 98 1.00 1.02 1.04 12 125 se f1e7 ee oO is al ans4 127 $R 120 te MSI OL HSa SiGe 13 136 138 140 142 1.44 1.38 1.40 142 144 1.46 14 LAG: op 1:48 52 950 ce S2.. oabo4 tS 22 1150 1.53 1.55 1.57 15 156 my l59 a PhGL 1:03) (165 1.59 1.61 163 AGS 01:67 16 1.67 of £69 2 7/1 i735 -g075 69 A572) ON 74 76. BIE78 17 LAT yO F729 xe 11.81 183 1.86 100) NG, 82° 2h 0.84 19 1:86. FESS 18 1.88 », 1.90 » 1.92 194 «896 1.91 1.93 95) Bn 97 1.99 19 1.98 ox 02-00 ys 52.02 52.04 2,06 Z.0P W203 802.05 0032.07 B2N0 20 20S pe 210 oy 205 hp s215 6217 212 Mia 142.16 C2208) 220 21 CAO SRA 2t RAZ 2S Oke 25 | | EZ27 B22 W224 202.26 229 | 123 22 229 MbI2-S BY EZ-39 fh ie-co 22:37 259 PARZ.39 ME2-37 52.39 Be Al 23 240 242 244 2.46 2.48 2:43 FB SZAS ON I247 WeZ-50 F252 24 B50 Ah (2:02 Fa tZ.04 %)- 22.56 Bess 2.04 SP IZ:56 HVIZ:58 BEZ60 862.62 25 2.60 WI 2.62 DR 12'64 OF 12166: \2Z:69 264 $0266 (52.69 90271 «2:73 26 PAL BON279 (RAZ 9 P77 (82.79 ZAM ete WAZ ID WSL HZ.85 27 ZO Bo 12:85 12.80 i) 2.07. 2.89 2.85 bO/Z87 W290 IZ 92 4294 28 251 inee-93 12:95 ag 1298. GS:00 296) W052:98 (73:00 S02 F304 29 3.02 304 3.06 3.08 3.10 5:00 7£1308 St i31l 7313" Fails 30 2.12 (73-14 0 316 Yo SAS 63.20 SZ Hhes-19 FUIS:21 P23" 93.25 31 See TASES MN oes E829 | FSe3k S27 P4330 213.32 TE 73:34 13:36 32 DiS Fs 13:59 2 19:07 By iS59 $341 3.38 340 342 3.44 3.46 33 S43: pA ISAS S47 <7 1349 3.51 S48 OF 951 023.53 MSS, 23297 34 3:09 §td:09 HT M36 73-60) 19.62 B09 /@-61 173.63 MASIGS 73:67. 35 3:64 99:13:66 $213.66.) 3.70 13.72 309 (S71 WI3874 P76. 13:28 36 3:74 3.76. 3.78. 380 3.82 3.80 382 384 3.86 3.88 37 3.84 386 3.88 3.91 3.93 3.90 4) (3'9Z Gi3:95 S397 53:99 38 3.95» 397 3.99 401 °§4.03 401 403 405 407 4.09 39 405 407 409 411 413 411 413 415 4.18 420 40 415 417 419 421 4.24 422 424 426 428 4.30 41 426 428 430 432 4.34 432 434 436 438 4.41 42 436 438 440 442 4.44 443 445 447 449 4.51 43 446 448 450 452 4.54 4.93.) (455 104.57 94:59 £462 44 457 459 461 463 4.65 464 466 468 470 4.72 45 4.67 + 469» 471 5473 4.75 474 476 478 480 4.82 (continued) SMITHSONIAN METEOROLOGICAL TABLES 172 TABLE 46 (CONTINUED) REDUCTION OF THE MERCURY COLUMN TO STANDARD TEMPERATURE Metric units Millimeter or millibar barometers and manometers above For temperatures p aigy 0°C., the correction is to be suracted (see p. 137). (Correction in same units as height of mercury column.) Height of the mercury column Height of the mercury column mtached 660 mm. or mb. 670 mm. or mb. ther- -—sO SV (eee SS SES SS eer 0.0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 0.0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 0 0.00 0.02 0.04 0.06 0.09 0.00 0.02 0.04 0.07 0.09 1 1 al'3 all) 17 19 ally a3 a5 18 .20 72 22 24 26 .28 30 LH 24 26 28 31 3 32 34 37 39 41 3K) 35 Sy7/ 39 42 4 43 45 47 50 52 44 46 48 50 53 5 0.54 0.56 0.58 0.60 0.62 0.55 0.57 0.59 0.61 0.63 6 65 67 69 LAI hs .66 68 70 72 74 7 75 78 80 82 84 77 79 81 83 85 8 86 88 90 93 95 87 90 92 94 96 9 97 99 1.01 1.03 1.05 98 1.01 1.03 1.05 1.07 12 120031 33 WI 36 «| SS 1/31 Vs. 433 kes tetiae ean 13 1.40 1.42 1.44 1.46 1.48 1.42 1.44 1.46 1.49 1.51 14 1.51 9S al o5 157 | -¥ 159 1.53 1.55 f57 1.59 1.62 15 1.61 1.63 1.66 1.68 1.70 1.64 1.66 1.68 1.70 72 16 1.72 74 Sle 76 MOS: «GIS 1.75 1.77 1.79 1.81 1.83 17 1.83 1.85 1.87 1:89 191 1.86 1.88 1.90 1.92 1.94 18 1.93 1:96 2198 P1200 F202 1.96 SD) eal ZOS)) sae.05 19 2104 e206: 92:08 Seelt e213 207 PAZI0D Se Zi12 YM RZTTAY S216 20 Zlommets 0) 42:19! SeaZ21 2.23 2S Sh aZ-20) e223 E25) Sees, 21 226 W228 Vee-30 A ee.S2 W254 22) VeeZ.ot 2.33 $832.30" > “BeesO 22 2:00 Weud.do |W 2el 243° 42:45 240° 242 “244 \- 246 32.49 23 DAL Ve TZA9 ON 2.08 2.53 "2.50 Bil VRRZ 93h GZ:05° eZ.) |) Seo 24 2:58 002.60, Zi62 Ph 2.64, 82266 2:62 N2.64 992:66' 9792/68 12:70 25 26S WZ ine-73) MERZ 79’ Teed. BIL 21S PO, ete Oy) eral 26 219 ViuiZ.0l \s2.83 OurZ2:80, “42.88 2.89) © 2:09 2.88 290) | e822 27 ZO 2.92 “NZ 94 OF 296 =YZ98 294 2.96 W208: ies Ot S05 28 3.00 73103 273205 2307 63.09 3.05. = 23107 93:09) Vest 3.14 29 SAT VEGSAS S15. S18 YSZ S16 POSTS. YS Z0 MS 22 s24 30 S22 Vd24-")73:26 473.28 43:30 S27 PSD 331 3.35 | wooo 31 B52 MSO OL EOD Boal SOF 50340. GAZ OS AA 40 32 3:43. 913.45 NSi47 3:49 «| 52 348° "3:50 2 3:53 SoD meses 33 3.54 $3150: 983.98 F960 53162 3.59 " 3.61 3.63 3.66 3.68 34 9.64 1 13.67 16.13.69" © 83.71 3.73 3.70! 3.72. 83.74 "S765 “S29 35 3:75) Wid:Z7 43.29 VONSSL 3.84 3.81 3.83) S185 et o.er. | aac 36 3.80: S.88' ‘ind.90 19NS92, Fa04 3.92 3.94 3.96 398 4.00 37 3.96 3.98 4.01 4.03 4.05 402 404 407 409 4.11 38 407 4.09 4.11 413 4.15 413 415 417 420 4.22 39 418 420 422 424 4.26 424 426 4.28 430 4.33 40 428 914.30 154.33 54.35 "437 435 4.37 \'84.39 -294Al VAG 41 439 4.41 443 445 4.47 446 448 450 452 4.54 42 4.50) 452 4.54 ° 4.56 4.58 456 458 4.61 463 4.65 43 460 462 464 466 4.69 4.67 469 4.71 4.74 4.76 44 4.71 ATS OATS VAT? | 649 478 480 482 484 4.87 45 4.81 484 486 488 4.90 489 491 493 495 4.97 (continued) SMITHSONIAN METEOROLOGICAL TABLES TABLE 46 (CONTINUED) 173 REDUCTION OF THE MERCURY COLUMN TO STANDARD TEMPERATURE Metric units Millimeter or millibar barometers and manometers 0°C., the correction is to be subeacted (see p. 137). above below (Correction in same units as height of mercury column.) For temperatures Height of the mercury column Height of the mercury column atacked 680 mm. or mb. 690 mm. or mb. er- [Suse A ae 0.0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 0.0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 0 0.00 0.02 0.04 0.07 0.09 0.00 0.02 0.05 0.07 0.09 1 Al sls: 16 18 .20 Ait 14 16 18 .20 2 22 24 27 29 31 23 25 27 29 32 3 33 36 38 40 42 34 36 38 41 43 4 44 47 49 seul 253 45 47 50 52 54 5 0.56 0.58 0.60 0.62 0.64 0.56 0.59 0.61 0.63 0.65 6 67 69 71 73 75 68 70 de: 74 lid f 78 80 82 84 87 79 81 83 86 88 8 89 91 93 95 98 90 92 95 97 99 9 1.00 1.02 1.04 1.06 1.09 1.01 1.04 1.06 1.08 1.10 13 1.44 14 1.55 ibsvé 1.60 1.62 1.64 1.57 1.60 1.62 1.64 1.66 15 1.66 1.68 1.71 1.73 1.75 1.69 1.71 £73 1.75 1.78 16 1EZZ, 1.79 1.82 1.84 1.86 1.80 1.82 1.84 1.87 1.89 17 1.88 1.91 1.93 1.95 1.97 1.91 1.93 1.96 198 2.00 18 1.99 2.02 2.04 2.06 2.08 2.02 2.05 2.07 2.09 Zi 19 2.10 ZAS Dal 2.17 2.19 213 2.16 2.18 2.20 Zee 20 Z2N 2.24 2.26 2.28 2.30 2.25 221, 2.29 Zea 2.34 21 2.32 235 2.37 2.39 2.41 2.36 2.38 2.40 2.43 2.45 22 2.43 2.46 2.48 2.50 2252 2.47 2.49 2.52 2.54 2.56 23 2.54 257) 2.59 2.61 2.63 2.58 2.60 2.63 2.65 2.67 24 2.66 2.68 2.70 2.72 2.74 2.69 ZA2 2.74 2.76 2.78 25 PAU 2.79 2.81 2.83 2.85 2.81 2.83 2.85 2.87 2.90 26 2.88 2.90 2.92 2.94 2.96 2.92 2.94 2.96 2.99 3.01 27 2.99 3.01 3.03 3.05 3.07 3.03 3.05 3.07 3.10 Sal 28 3.10 3.12 3.14 3.16 3.18 3.14 3.16 3.19 3.21 5925 29 3.21 BWA) 3.25 KWH 3.29 3.25 3.27 3.30 3.32 3.34 30 3.32 354s ss 3:00 3.38 3.40 B30. 3.09 3.41 3.43 3.45 31 3.43 3.45 S47 of oad 51 3.48 3.50 3.52 3.54) | 3:56 32 3.54 3.56 3.58 3.60 3.62 3.59 3.61 3.63 3.65 3.68 33 3.64 3.67 3.69 3.71 3.73 3.70 3.72 3.74 SL, 3.79 34 3:45 3/8m peaOUL CEO, Bee 3.81 3.83 3.85 3.88 3.90 35 3.86 3.89 3.91 3.93 3.95 3.92. we 394 ii 3.974 ig 399. OL 36 3:97. An 400. ee 4.02, 54.04. 4:06 4.03 4.05 408 4.10 4.12 37 4.08 4.11 4.13 4.15 4.17 4.14 4.17 4.19 4.21 4.23 38 4.19 422 4.24 4.26 4.28 4.26 4.28 4.30 4.32 4.34 39 A430. pe 4.52). 65 4.35 4.37 4.39 4.37 , «4.39 4.41 4.43 4.46 40 4.41 443 446 448 4.50 448 4.50 B52) aw4 54) yAs57 41 4.52 4.54 4.57 4.59 4.61 4.59 461 4.63 4.65 4.68 42 4.63 4.65 468. 144./0., 442 4.70 AI2 Aa vee4ds. 79 43 ATA a2. Sea oy Ue aeok 4.83 4.81 4.83 4.85 488 4.90 44 4.85 487 489 492 4.94 492 494 497 4.99 5.01 45 496 498 5.00 5.03 5.05 5.03 5.05 5.08 5.10 may (continued) SMITHSONIAN METEOROLOGICAL TABLES 174 TABLE 46 (CONTINUED) REDUCTION OF THE MERCURY COLUMN TO STANDARD TEMPERATURE Metric units Millimeter or millibar barometers and manometers above 0°C., the correction is to be ea eed (see p. 137). For temperatures eelow (Correction in same units as height of mercury column.) Height of the mercury column Height of the mercury column Aches 700 mm. or mb. 710 mm. or mb. — SS XY 1" varied 0.0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 0.0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 0 0.00 0.02 0.05 0.07 0.09 0.00 0.02 0.05 0.07 0.09 1 All 14 16 18 21 212 14 16 19 FAL Zz 23 25 27 30 32 25 26 28 30 32 3 34 37 39 41 43 oo 37 39 42 44 4 46 48 .50 53 55 46 49 51 53 56 5 0.57 0.59 0.62 0.64 0.66 0.58 0.60 0.63 0.65 0.67 6 69 71 73 75 78 70 72 74 76 79 7 80 82 85 87 89 81 83 86 88 90 8 91 94 .96 98 1.00 93 95 97 1.00 1.02 9 1.03 1.05 1.07 1.10 TAZ 1.04 1.07 1.09 bl 1.13 1.60 14 1.60 1.62 1.64 1.67 1.9 1.62 1.64 1.67 1.69 1.71 15 1.71 1.73 1.76 1.78 1.80 1.74 1.76 178) SSO 1.83 16 1.82 1.85 1.87 1.89 1.92 1.85 1.87 1.90 1.92 1.94 17 1.94 1.96 1.98 2.01 2.03 1.97 1.99 2.01 2.04 2.06 18 2.05 2.07 2.10 2.12 2.14 2.08 2.10 2.13 2.15 2.17 19 27, 2.19 2.21 2.23 2.26 2.20 Zee 2.24 227. 2.29 20 2.28 2.30 2.32 2.35 Pu 2.31 2.33 2.36 2.38 2.40 21 2.39 2.42 2.44 2.46 2.48 2.43 2.45 2.47 2.50 2.52 22 25 253 2.55 257. 2.60 2.54 2.57 2.59 2.61 2.63 23 2.62 2.64 2.67 2.69 2.71 2.66 2.68 2.70 2.73 2.75 24 2.73 2.76 2.78 2.80 2.82 217 2.80 2.82 2.84 2.86 25 2.85 2.87 2.89 2.91 2.94 2.89 2.91 2.93 2.96 2.98 26 2.96 2.98 3.01 3.03 3.05 3.00 3.03 3.05 3.07 3.09 27 3.07 3.10 B12 3.14 3.16 3:12 3.14 3.16 3.19 3.21 28 3.19 aA 3.23 3.25 3.28 3.23 3.25 3.28 3.30 3.32 29 3.30 302 3.34 3:07 3.39 3.35 3.37 3.39 3.42 3.44 30 3.41 B44 93:46 3:48 3°50 3:46. ("3.48 77 3I51 653 (| oa 31 353 3.55 3.57 3.59 3.62 3.58 3.60 3.62 3.65 3.67 32 3.64 3.66 3.68 3.71 3173 3.69 Sl 3.74 3.76 3.78 33 3.75 3.77 3.80 3.82 3.84 3.81 3.83 3.85 3.87 3.90 34 3.87 3.89 3.91 3.93 3.96 3.92 3.94 3.97 3.99 4.01 35 3.98 4.00 4.02 4.05 4.07 4.03 4.06 4.08 4.10 4.13 36 4.09 4.11 4.14 4.16 4.18 4.15 4.17 4.20 4.22 4.24 37 4.20 4.23 4.25 4.27 4.29 4.26 4.29 4.31 4.33 4.36 38 4.32 4.34 4.36 4.38 4.41 4.38 4.40 4.42 4.45 4.47 39 443 "A45 “447 “450 «452 449 “Abe "asd 94.56 “Ass 40 4.54 4:56 459 “461 4.63 4.61 463 465 468 4.70 41 4.66 4.68 4.70 4.72 4.75 4.72 4.74 4.77 4.79 4.81 42 4.77 4.79 4.81 4.84 4.86 4.84 4.86 4.88 4.90 4.93 43 4.88 4.90 4.93 4.95 4.97 4.95 4.97 5.00 5.02 5.04 44 4.99 5.02 5.04 5.06 5.08 5.06 5.09 5.11 Salis 5.16 45 St bv 5.15 1 I7/ 5.20 5.18 5.20 5.22 5.25 a7, (continued) SMITHSONIAN METEOROLOGICAL TABLES TABLE 46 (CONTINUED) 175 REDUCTION OF THE MERCURY COLUMN TO STANDARD TEMPERATURE For temperatures Attached ther- mometer 0.0 185 0 0.00 1 AZ 2 24 3 35 4 ‘47 5 0.59 6 71 7. 82 8 94 9 1.06 10 17. 11 1.29 12 1.41 13 ESS) 14 1.64 15 1.76 16 1.88 17 1.99 18 2.11 19 2:23 20 2.34 21 2.46 22 2.58 23 2.69 24 2.81 25 2.93 26 3.04 27 3.16 28 3.28 29 3.39 30 3.51 31 3.63 oz 3.74 33 3.86 34 3.98 35 4.09 36 4.21 37 4.32 38 4.44 39 4.56 40 4.67 41 4.79 42 4.90 43 5.02 44 5.14 45 5:25 Metric units Millimeter or millibar barometers and manometers above below 0°C., the correction is to be subtracted added (Correction in same units as height of mercury column.) Height of the mercury column 0.2 0.4 0.05 AAAL PAAR ROOWH WHWHY N CONT ARLWNHN DOoOnaw RWNHCO ie tn on Oo Co SI WG DO OoOUNMN Nr ONO? RNR ONT 20 mm. or mb. 0.6 SMITHSONIAN METEOROLOGICAL TABLES ron tho OND BSBSRER SSS ALA PARA R POwWWW WhHWwKw&W NNN SON AnARwWH OO SBN ALBSe GARNS ono Nr Qe 5.34 (continued) 0.0 0.00 12 Height of the mercury column 30 mm. or mb. 0.2 0.4 (see p. 137). 0.6 176 TABLE 46 (CONTINUED) REDUCTION OF THE MERCURY COLUMN TO STANDARD TEMPERATURE Metric units Millimeter or millibar barometers and manometers subtracted above 0°C., the correction is to be added (see p. 137). For temperatures Kelow (Correction in same units as height of mercury column.) Height of the mercury column Height of the mercury column ee 740 mm. or mb. 0 mm. or mb. = pe EES Een mec 0.0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 0.0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 0 0.00 0.02 0.05 0.07 0.10 0.00 0.02 0.05 0.07 0.10 1 HZ 15 as 19 sae eZ a5 a7, 20 Vibe 2 24 27 29 ail 34 .25 riff 29 no2 34 3 36 39 41 44 46 137. 39 42 44 47 4 48 51 53 96 58 49 51 54 56 59 5 0.60 0.63 0.65 0.68 0.70 0.61 0.64 0.66 0.69 0.71 6 72 75 77 80 82 V6) 76 78 81 83 7 85 87 89 92 94 86 88 91 93 95 8 97 99 1.01 1.04 1.06 98 1.00 1.03 1.05 1.08 9 1.09 si 1.13 1.16 1.18 1.10 1.13 1.15 rl7. 1.20 2200 222) 225) RL LE | Reo 19 ZZ Zee 2G40 0 2.30 wHZ.39 2.32 WLG4 2.01 EOo AeA 20 ZAI 24S 24605 e248 F251 244 2.47 © 249 © 252. ©2.54 21 ZS We HONZ.00" 2.00 e263 2:56 + 2.59°°-> 2.610264 182.66 22 ZOO AZORE NZ. ZO 272. aS ZOU e271 27 SNe eo 23 ZAT Me esl Oe Z.0Ly VEOe CeO 2:81" 4 2:83) 0% 2.80) 4 Z.00 b2.00 24 Z.O9N ZO eZ. 94% = 2.96) 2,99 2931 92.950) 2.98) 2 3.00> FAS03 25 3.010303 306 ~3.08 3:11 S105 03.072 23 10S oe. Cadel 26 SS ero S18 320 13:22 S17 S20 iS 22h S24 Cavey, Pai 3201 3:27) 23.50) WOO © 73:34 9.29) 3.52), 3.34-' 3.07 85139 28 3:37 1 3.39) 3.42) 3.44 3346 3.41 3.44 346 349 3.51 29 SAD pe Soll eS.54r 3.56. 8358 S504 S569 S58 VS61 | Yess 30 3.61» 3.63 93:66" 3.68 © /3.70 3.66)" S108; 3.712323 WSIS 31 3.43) 37S S78 NF S80 | +/3:82 S18) S80 SBS S85 LESS7 32 385 387 389 392 3.94 $90" 3.92 5.3.95! i 3.97) 2 74:00 33 397 3.99 401 404 4.06 402 404 407 409 4.12 34 409 411 413 416 4.18 414 417 419 421 4.24 35 421 423 425 428 4.30 4.26 429 431 433 4.36 36 432 435 437 440 4.42 438 441 443 446 4.48 37 444 447 449 452 4.54 450 453 455 4.58 4.60 38 4.56 459 461 463 4.66 463 465 467 470 4.72 39 468 471 473 475 4.78 4.75 477 479 482 4.84 40 480 483 485 487 4.90 487 489 492 494 4.96 41 492 494 497 499 5.02 4.99" 5.01)" 5104" "5.06" 15.08 42 DOIG? SOON OSM tidal 5:13 SPL SSS eS Gyro. 18) sie0 43 Del Gie ORL a MOL 5:23", |NF5:25 5.233 5.20) eo Zou OO MRO 44 25a DGONn OSore OLSON 5.350) 65.3795 S.40N i 42, PSS 45 SAO 542 5.445 5.47 85:49 BAZ S49 "S52: o.04 SR OLO/, (continued) SMITHSONIAN METEOROLOGICAL TABLES TABLE 46 (CONTINUED) 177 REDUCTION OF THE MERCURY COLUMN TO STANDARD TEMPERATURE Metric units Millimeter or millibar barometers and manometers For temperatures pene 0°C., the correction is to be ee cted (see p. 137). (Correction in same units as height of mercury column.) Height of the mercury column Height of the mercury column ne 760 mm. or mb. 770 mm. or mb. ther- cc SS SS ea 0.0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 0.0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 0 0.00 0.02 0.05 0.07 0.10 0.00 0.03 0.05 0.08 0.10 1 p73 AS ad 20 ae 13 15 18 .20 23 2 25 27 30 32 -00 25 28 30 e8i8) 35 3 37 40 42 45 47 38 40 43 45 48 4 50 52 55 7 .60 50 53 55 58 60 5 0.62 0.65 0.67 0.69 0.72 0.63 0.65 0.68 0.70 0.73 6 74 77 79 82 84 75 78 80 83 85 7 87 89 92 94 :97 88 90 93 95 98 8 99 1.02 1.04 1.07 1.09 1.01 1.03 1.06 1.08 1.11 9 1.12 1.14 17 1.19 1.21 1.13 1.16 1.18 1.21 1.23 20 2.47 2.50 2.52 2:59 257 Zk 2.53 2.56 2.58 2.61 21 2.60 2.62 2.65 2.67 2.70 2.63 2.66 2.68 2/1 Za 22 2.72 2.75 Zat 2.80 2.82 2.76 2.78 2.81 2.83 2.86 23 2.84 2.87 2.89 2.92 2.94 2.88 2.91 2.93 2.96 2.98 24 2.97 2.99 3.02 3.04 3.07 3.01 3.03 3.06 3.08 ol 25 3.09 eZ 3.14 3.16 3.19 a5) 3.16 3.18 SAA 3.23 26 3.21 3.24 3.26 3.29 3.31 3.26 3.28 Spal 3.33 3.36 27 3.34 3.36 3.39 3.41 3.43 3.38 3.41 3.43 3.46 3.48 28 B46 pass 693.51 093:53 3556 Sol 03:53 (93:56 Ye 3'58 3.60 29 3.58 3.61 3.63 3.66 3.68 3.63 3.65 3.68 3.70 3.73 30 3.71 3.73 3.75 3.78 3.80 3.75 3.78 3.80 3.83 3.85 31 3.83 3.85 3.88 3.90 3.93 3.88 3.90 3.93 3.95 3.98 32 3.95 3.98 4.00 4.02 4.05 4.00 4.03 4.05 4.08 4.10 33 4.07 4.10 4.12 4.15 4.17 4.13 4.15 4.18 4.20 4.23 34 4.20 4.22 4.25 4.27 4.29 4.25 4.28 4.30 4.33 4.35 35 4.32 4.34 4,37 4.39 4.42 4.38 4.40 4,43 4.45 4.48 36 4.44 4.47 4.49 4.52 4.54 4.50 4.52 4.55 4.57 4.60 37 4.56 4.59 4.61 4.64 4.66 4.62 4.65 4.67 4.70 4.72 38 4.69 4.71 4.74 4.76 4.78 4.75 4.77 4.80 4.82 4.85 39 4.81 4.83 4.86 4.88 4.91 4.87 4,90 4.92 4.95 4.97 40 493 496 498 5.00 5.03 500. 15:02 15:05 5107 5.10 41 5.05 5.08 5.10 Bild 5.15 5AZ 5:15 5:17 5.19 S22 42 5.18 5.20 522 525 5:27 5.24 52s 5.29 5.32 5.34 43 530 (petez £535 1537 S40 Biss 95139 75.42" S44) BAZ 44 542) w545 8547 W549 Si62 SHO oo MSio2°: 'S4 SiS7) 5:59 45 p54. 75:57 95.59 A562 5.64 o62 564 5166 “569° 5.72 (continued) SMITHSONIAN METEOROLOGICAL TABLES 178 TABLE 46 (CONTINUED) REDUCTION OF THE MERCURY COLUMN TO STANDARD TEMPERATURE Metric units Millimeter or millibar barometers and manometers For temperatures above 0°C., the correction is to be ee erie (see p. 137) (Correction in same units as height of mercury column.) Height of the mercury column Height of the mercury column ape 780 mm. or mb. 790 mm. or mb. ther- oO ———————— wee 0.0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 0.0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 0 0.00 0.03 0.05 0.08 0.10 0.00 0.03 0.05 0.08 0.10 1 Alls) 15 18 .20 23 a3 15 18 Al 23 2 25 28 31 33 36 .26 28 31 34 36 3 38 41 43 46 48 39 41 44 46 49 es 51 53 .56 59 61 52 54 57 59 62 5 0.64 0.66 0.69 0.71 0.74 0.64 0.67 0.70 0.72 0.75 6 76 79 81 84 87 hd 80 83 85 88 ‘ 89 92 94 97 99 90 93 95 98 1.01 8 1.02 1.04 1.07 1.09 1e2 1.03 1.06 1.08 ial 1.13 9 v5 LZ 1.20 1.22 1.25 1.16 1.19 1.21 1.24 1.26 12 1.53 1.55 1.58 1.60 f 13 1.65 1.68 1.70 1.73 : 1.78 14 1.78 1.81 1.83 1.86 1.88 1.80 1.83 1.85 1.88 1.91 15 1.91 1.93 1.96 198 i201 1.93 1.96 198 2.01 2.03 16 2.03 Z:06' 62:08 tie2:0t 2.13 2.06 2.09 AL 2.14 2.16 17 ZAG pere9 Aee221 224 42:26 2.19 221 2.24 72:26 229 18 2.29 2.31 2.34 22:36 42.39 2.32 TaZa4 e237 (2:39 sae 19 2.41 2.44 2.46 BAD sZt 2A4 OZAT e250) 22° F255 20 2:54: wed:57. we2:59 12262 12164 2:57 2ta2:60 262 "2565 2.67 21 2.67 2.69 ZIL P2TA Bald: 210 C4213 SZA9. V7 e2aBO 22 21D vii282 2.84 287 2.89 2.83 2.85 2.88 2.91 2.93 23 292) pee 94) 12.97 e300 “S02 296 S298) 3:01 3.03 3.06 24 3.05 307) BES IO (ySt2: - 2ga5 3.08) oeSeiil 34 9316 S29, 25 a7, 320) 98322 3.25 3.27 3.21 3:24 ©2326 =-329 33 26 3.30 SESAME SESS) 3.37. 3.40 3:34 73:37 > 953339 3.42 3.44 27 3.42 3.45 347 2350 3553 3.47 3.49 3:52 a4 3:57 28 3155 3.58 3.60 3.63 3.65 3.60 3.62 3.65 3.67 3.70 29 3.68 3.70 3/3 3.75 3.78 3.72 3.75 377° "3:80 —*Si83 30 3.80 3.83 3.85 3.88 3.90 3.85 388 ~'3:90 (§43:93 ‘5:95 31 3.93 3.95 3.98 4.00 4.03 3.98 4.00 4.03 4.06 4.08 32 4.05 408 4.11 413 4.16 4.11 4.13 416 418 421 33 4.18 4.21 4.23 4.26 4.28 4.23 426 +4229 431 4.34 34 4.31 433 436 438 4.41 4.36 4.39 4.41 444 4.46 35 443 446 448 4.51 4.53 449 451 454 457 4.59 36 456 458 4.61 4.63 4.66 462 4.64 4.67 4.69 4.72 37 4.68 4.71 4.73 4.76 4.78 4.74 477 4.80 482 4.85 38 4.81 484 486 489 4,91 4.87 4.90 492 4.95 4.97 39 494 496 4.99 5.01 5.04 5.00 5.02 5.05 5.07 5.10 40 5.06 5.09 Salil 5.14 5.16 5:13 5el5 5.18 5.20 523 41 5.19 5.21 524. 21526 5.29 5:25 5.28 5.30 Bio 5.36 42 5.31 5.34 5.36 539 Sat 5.38 5.41 5.43 5.46 5.48 43 5.44 5.46 5.49 551 5.54 5.51 5.3 5.56 5.58 5.61 44 5.56 5:59 | 5.61 5.64 5.66 5.64 5.66 5.69 5.71 5.74 45 5.69 5.71 5.74 5.76 5.79 5.76 5.79 5.81 5.84 5.86 (continued) SMITHSONIAN METEOROLOGICAL TABLES TABLE 46 (CONTINUED) 179 REDUCTION OF THE MERCURY COLUMN TO STANDARD TEMPERATURE Metric units Millimeter or millibar barometers and manometers above For temperatures helow 0°C., the correction is to be subtracted added (Correction in same units as height of mercury column.) Height of the mercury column Attached 800 mm. or mb ther- mometer = (),0 0.2 0.4 ° WOONAM BPOWNHOND on LS) on on on N 11 144 146 1.49 12 156. SMES9) 1.62 13 220) 272 Swi.75 14 183° E.85 1.88 15 1.96 1.98 ~ (2.01 16 209° Se Z241- 902.14 17 mae © 204 “227 18 2.59 ¥O2.37 OZ 40 19 ZAS. W250 © "2.53 20 2.60 0.263 | +2.66 741 Zils “e240 2:79 22 Z00 CUZ69 22.92 23 299 13.02 © 13.05 24 SAZ Wrst5: x58 25 25 £9328 3.30 26 3.38 341 3.43 27 Sol Oysio4 493.56 28 $64 ©2367 ‘3:69 29 377 "3:80 3.82 30 3:90 27393 ‘13:95 31 403 406 4.08 32 416 418 421 33 429 4.31 4.34 34 442 444 4.47 35 455 457 4.60 36 468 470 4.73 37 480 483 4.86 38 493 496 4.98 39 506 [5.09 S252) 40 5.19. &65.22, I-524 41 Soe ooo 65537 42 5.45 5A7 %5.50 43 Soe $9560 175163 44 5.71 575: 5:76 45 5:83. | (5186 © 5189 SMITHSONIAN METEOROLOGICAL TABLES 0.6 0.08 21 Ww NOODDH MANES SNP N fromnNy OnRroo ANOS ONHRK CO UNOAW MW NAN ARAL ARRAY WHWWH WHNNN NNONNN eee Ne) a nn KN PEPPER WOWWWW WHNN — on Nore NIN & GW Ne WaANo NRRON YSARaS Soca eke = Co 5.94 (continued) 0.0 Height of the mercury column 10 mm. or mb. 0.2 NS MWBWNReO DANMNBRW HOODD neNE ONBHKHCOO BRONN ONAHBSOH WMA ANA ALAR WHHWW WHNNN NNNNI! AnNLhDN RPOONOO NAR O MNNODAW mon o © oOo oo 0.4 0.05 19 = 0O BMOOCOND UBNHO ANABRYHW NO ANNA AAA PAAR WWW WH NU pw SYIIBRE ONNOHA NOAWS NRHON mon oOo oO Nn W (see p. 137). 0.6 0.08 ONDinw® NDRwOON URWHO SNIBONT BPHONN ANNOA AMAA AAA PRA HOWWWHW WHNDNN NNNNY WHOA one CO MNO AW NIDPW NCODHR NARNEO wo Oo ow XS) GN Noe NS CRANES CO ee G REG Sa fee ey ore Neo NRWES CONaUB MANCHA BONBH DBDNUNANM NOAW So AONDNRW —_ 180 TABLE 46 (CONTINUED) REDUCTION OF THE MERCURY COLUMN TO STANDARD TEMPERATURE Metric units Millimeter or millibar barometers and manometers subtracted above 0°C., the correction is to be added (see p. 137). For temperatures Relais (Correction in same units as height of mercury column.) Height of the mercury column Height of the mercury column ence 820 mm. or mb. 830 mm. or mb. ther- IIE ee ee mae 0.0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 0.0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 0 0.00 0.03 0.05 0.08 0.11 0.00 0.03 0.05 0.08 0.11 1 13 16 19 P| 24 14 16 19 22 24 2 27 29 32 35 ay) 27, 30 33 35 38 3 40 43 46 48 a5 41 43 46 49 51 4 54 56 59 .62 64 54 57 60 62 65 5 0.67 0.70 0.72 0.75 0.78 0.68 0.70 0.73 0.76 0.79 6 80 83 86 88 91 81 84 87 89 92 7 94 96 99 1.02 1.04 95 98 1.00 1.03 1.06 8 1.07 1.10 12 15 1.18 1.08 1.11 1.14 1.16 1.19 9 1.20 1.23 1.26 1.28 1.31 1:22 1.25 1.27 1.30 1.33 10 1.34 1.36 1.39 1.42 1.44 1235 1.38 1.41 1.44 1.46 11 1.47 1.50 1652 1255 1.58 1.49 1k52 1.54 1.57 1.60 12 1.60 1.63 1.66 1.68 1.71 1.62 1.65 1.68 1.70 175 13 1.74 1.76 1.79 1.82 1.84 1.76 1.79 1.81 1.84 1.87 14 1.87 1.90 1.92 1.95 1.98 1.89 1.92 1.95 1.97 2.00 15 2.00 2.03 2.06 2.08 Pall 2.03 2.06 2.08 2At 2.14 16 2.14 2.16 2.19 Lice 2.24 2.16 2.19 Zee. 2.24 2.27 17 DP, 2.30 2.32 235 2.38 2.30 2:35 235 2.38 2.41 18 2.40 2.43 2.46 2.48 2351 2.43 2.46 2.49 2.51 2.54 19 2.54 2.56 2.59 2.62 2.64 257) 2.59 2.62 2.65 2.68 20 2.67 2.70 Diz 2.75 2.78 2.70 273 2.76 2.78 2.81 21 2.80 2.83 2.86 2.88 2.91 2.84 2.86 2.89 2.92 2.94 22 2.94 2.96 2.99 3.02 3.04 2.97 3.00 3.03 3.05 3.08 23 3.07 3.10 3.12 3.15 3.18 Sella SUIS} 3.16 3.19 Sea 24 3.20 3.23 3.25 3.28 3.31 3.24 3.27 3.29 S}SF 3.35 25 3193 3.36 3.39 3.41 3.44 3.38 3.40 3.43 3.46 3.48 26 3.47 3.49 3152 3.55 3157 3.51 3.54 3.56 3.59 3.62 27 3.60 3.63 3.65 3.68 3.71 3.64 3.67 3.70 3.72 3:75 28 3.73 3.76 3.79 3.81 3.84 3.78 3.80 3.83 3.86 3.89 29 3.87 3.89 3.92 3.95 3.97 3.91 3.94 3.97 3.99 4.02 30 4.00 4.02 4.05 4.08 4.10 4.05 4.07 4.10 4.13 4.15 31 4.13 4.16 4.18 4.21 4.24 4.18 4.21 4.23 4.26 4.29 32 4.26 4.29 4.32 4.34 4.37 4.32 4.34 4.37 4.40 4.42 33 4.40 4.42 4.45 4.47 4.50 4.45 4.48 4.50 4.53 4.56 34 4.53 4.55 4.58 4.61 4.63 4.58 4.61 4.64 4.66 4.69 35 4.66 4.69 4.71 4.74 4.77 4.72 4.74 4.77 4.80 4.82 36 4.79 4.82 4.85 4.87 4.90 4.85 4.88 4.90 4.93 4.96 37 4.92 4.95 4.98 5.00 5.03 4.98 5.01 5.04 5.06 5.09 38 5.06 5.08 Salil 5.14 5.16 5.12 RS 5.17 5.20 5.22 39 5.19 5.22 5.24 S27 5.29 5.25 5.28 5.31 5.33 5.36 40 5.32 5.35 5.37 5.40 5.43 5.39 5.41 5.44 5.47 5.49 41 5.45 5.48 YS 5.53 5.56 5.52 5.55 StS 7. 5.60 5.63 42 5.59 5.61 5.64 5.66 5.69 5.65 5.68 5.71 OW 5.76 43 BYZZ 5.74 5.77 5.80 5.82 5.79 5.81 5.84 5.87 5.89 44 5.85 5.88 5.90 5.93 5.95 5.92 5.95 5.97 6.00 6.03 45 5.98 6.01 6.03 6.06 6.09 6.05 6.08 6.11 6.13 6.16 (continued) SMITHSONIAN METEOROLOGICAL TABLES TABLE 46 (CONTINUED) 181 REDUCTION OF THE MERCURY COLUMN TO STANDARD TEMPERATURE Metric units Millimeter or millibar barometers and manometers For temperatures pore 0°C., the correction is to be cee (see p. 137). (Correction in same units as height of mercury column.) Height of the mercury column Height of the mercury column oe 840 mm. or mb 850 mm. or mb. ther- tt = Sr 1 mometer jon eO2n Sos Woes OR Go Fone eat “eel Mos 0 0.00 0.03 0.05 0.08 0.11 0.00 0.03 0.06 0.08 0.11 1 14 16 19 22 'Z5 14 aly 19 22, 25 74 27 30 33 36 38 28 31 33 36 39 3 41 44 47 49 52 42 44 47 50 53 4 55 58 60 63 66 56 58 61 64 67 5 0.69 0.71 0.74 0.77 0.80 0.69 0.72 0.75 0.78 0.80 6 82 85 88 90 93 83 86 89 92 94 7 96 99 1.01 1.04 1.07 97 1.00 1.03 1.05 1.08 8 1.10 1.12 Hols 1.18 Al 1.11 1.14 iElZ/ 1.19 1.22 9 1.23 1.26 1.29 1232 1.34 1.25 1.28 1.30 1.33 1.36 1.73 j 13 1.78 1.81 1.83 1.86 1.89 1.80 1.83 1.86 1.88 1.91 14 1.92 1.94 1.97 2.00 2.03 1.94 1.97 1.99 2.02 2.05 15 2.05 2.08 2.11 2.14 2.16 2.08 2.11 2.13 2.16 2.19 16 DAO "e222 2.24 227 2.30 2.22 2.24 DO, 2.30 2.33 17 203 2.35 2.38 2.41 2.44 2.35 2.38 2.41 2.44 2.46 18 2.46 2.49 ID Ve 2.54 2.57 2.49 2.52 2.55 257) 2:60 19 2.60 2.63 2.65 2.68 2.71 2.63 2.66 2.69 2.71 2.74 20 2.74 270y e279 2.82 2.84 24d 2.80 2.82 2.85 2.88 21 2.87 2.90 2.93 2.95 2.98 2.91 2.93 2.96 2.99 3.02 22 3.01 3.03 3.06 3.09 aye 3.04 3.07 3.10 So Be Bl 23 3.14 Si 3.20 3.23 3.25 3.18 3.21 3.24 3.26 3.29 24 3.28 Bot 3.33 3.36 3.39 3.32 See SAY/ 3.40 3.43 25 3.42 3.44 3.47 3.50 3.52 3.46 3.48 = Ha | 3.54 3.57 26 3.55 3.58 3.61 3.63 3.66 3.59 3.62 3.65 3.68 3.70 27 3.69 BE Hf WRN 7H 4 3.80 3.73 3.76 3.79 3.81 3.84 28 3.82 3.85 3.88 3.91 3.93 3.87 3.90 3.92 3.95 3.98 29 3.96 3.99 4.01 4.04 4.07 4.01 4.03 4.06 4.09 4.12 30 4.10 4.12 4.15 4.18 4.20 4.14 417 4.20 4.23 4.25 31 4.23 4.26 4.29 4.31 4.34 4.28 4.31 4.34 436 4.39 32 4.37 4.39 4.42 4.45 4.48 4.42 4.45 447 4.50 4.53 33 4.50 4.53 4.56 4.58 461 4.56 4.58 4.61 464 4.67 34 4.64 4.67 4.69 4.72 4.75 4.69 4.72 4.75 4.78 4.80 35 4.77 480 4.83 4.85 4.88 4.83 4.86 4.89 491 4.94 36 4.91 4.94 4.96 4.99 5.02 4.97 4.99 5.02 5.05 5.08 37 5.05 5.07 5.10 5.13 5.15 Sil 5.13 5.16 5.19 5.21 38 5.18 5.21 523 5.26 5.29 5.24 5.27 5.30 aS 5.35 39 5.02 5.34 5.o7 5.40 5.42 5.38 5.41 5.43 5.46 5.49 40 5.45 5.48 551 5:53 5.56 5.52 5.54 5.57 5.60 5.63 41 5.59 5.61 5.64 5.67 5.69 5.65 5.68 5.71 5.73 5.76 42 B72 5.75 5.78 5.80 5.83 5.79 5.82 5.84 5.87 5.90 43 5.86 5.88 5.91 5.94 5.96 5.93 5.95 5.98 6.01 6.04 44 5.99 6.02 6.05 6.07 6.10 6.06 6.09 6.12 614) 6417 45 6.13 6.15 6.18 6.21 6.23 6.20 6.23 6.25 6.28 6.31 (continued) SMITHSONIAN METEOROLOGICAL TABLES 182 TABLE 46 (CONTINUED) REDUCTION OF THE MERCURY COLUMN TO STANDARD TEMPERATURE Metric units Millimeter or millibar barometers and manometers above below (Correction in same units as height of mercury column.) For temperatures 0°C., the correction is to be Sune cted (see p. 137). Height of the mercury column Height of the mercury column se acres 860 mm. or mb. 870 mm. or mb. er- c——--?-—- - 7 —-- YO: eee 0.0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 0.0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 0 0.00 0.03 0.06 0.08 0.11 0.00 0.03 0.06 0.09 0.11 1 14 17 20 22 (25 14 17 .20 223 26 2 28 31 34 37 39 .28 31 34 37 40 3 42 45 48 5 53 43 46 48 51 54 4 56 59 62 65 67 AS7, 60 62 65 68 5 0.70 0.73 0.76 0.79 0.81 0.71 0.74 0.77 0.80 0.82 6 84 87 90 93 95 85 88 91 94 97 7 98 1.01 1.04 1.07 1.09 .99 1.02 1.05 1.08 1S 8 1.12 U5) 1.18 IAL 1.23 1.14 1.16 1.19 1222 1.25 9 1.26 1.29 1.32 1.35 1.37 1.28 1.31 1.33 1.36 1.39 10 1.40 1.43 1.46 1.49 51 1.42 1.45 1.48 1.50 153 11 1.54 1.57 1.60 1.63 1.65 1.56 1.59 1.62 1.65 1.67 1.90 1.96 14 1.96 1.99 2.02 2.05 2.07 1.99 2.01 2.04 2.07 2.10 15 2.10 2.13 2.16 2.19 2.21 2.13 2.15 2.18 2.21 2.24 16 2.24 2.27 2.30 2.33 2.35 2.27 2.30 2.32 235 2.38 17 2.38 2.41 2.44 2.47 2.49 2.41 2.44 2.47 2.49 2.52 18 2.52 2255 2.58 2.60 2.63 2355 2.58 2.61 2.64 2.66 19 2.66 2.69 2.72 2.74 2.77 2.69 2.72 2.75 2.78 2.80 20 2.80 2.83 2.86 2.88 2.91 2.83 2.86 2.89 2.92 2.95 21 2.94 2.97 3.00 3.02 3.05 2.97 3.00 3.03 3.06 3.09 22 3.08 3.11 3.13 3.16 3.19 Salil 3.14 Seil7/ 3.20 3.23 23 3.22 3.25 3.27 3.30 3:08 3.26 3.28 3.31 3.34 3.37 24 3.36 3.39 3.41 3.44 3.47 3.40 3.43 3.45 3.48 Sie 25 3.50 3.53 3.55 3.58 3.61 3.54 3.57 3.59 3.62 3.65 26 3.64 3.66 3.69 Se 375) 3.68 3.71 37/8 3.76 3.79 27 3.78 3.80 3.83 3.86 3.89 3.82 3.85 3.88 3.90 3.93 28 3.91 3.94 3.97 4.00 4.03 3.96 3.99 4.02 4.04 4.07 29 4.05 4.08 4.11 4.14 4.16 4.10 4.13 4.16 4.19 4.21 30 4.19 4.22 4.25 4.28 4.30 4.24 4.27 4.30 4.33 4.35 31 4.33 4.36 4.39 4.42 4.44 4.38 4.41 4.44 4.47 4.49 32 4.47 4.50 4.53 4.55 4.58 4.52 4.55 4.58 4.61 4.64 33 4.61 4.64 4.66 4.69 4.72 4.66 4.69 4.72 4.75 4.78 34 4.75 4.78 4.80 4.83 4.86 4.80 4.83 4.86 4.89 4.92 35 4.89 4.91 4.94 4.97 5.00 4.94 4.97 5.00 5.03 5.06 36 5.03 5.05 5.08 Seilal 5.14 5.08 Salil 5.14 SuilZ/ 5.20 37 SSIZ/ 5.19 5:22 5.25 5.28 523 5.25 5.28 5.31 5.34 38 5.30 5.33 5.36 5.39 5.41 GySy¥/ 5.39 5.42 5.45 5.48 39 5.44 5.47 5.50 5:52 5.55 5.51 5:53 5.56 5.59 5.62 40 5.58 5.61 5.64 5.66 5.69 5.65 5.67 5.70 5.73 5.76 4] 5:72 5 SL. 5.80 5.83 5.79 5.81 5.84 5.87 5.90 42 5.86 5.88 5.91 5.94 5.97 5.93 5.95 5.98 6.01 6.04 43 6.00 6.02 6.05 6.08 6.11 6.07 6.09 6.12 6.15 6.18 44 6.13 6.16 6.19 6.22 6.25 6.21 6.23 6.26 6.29 6.32 45 6.27 6.30 6.33 6.36 6.38 6.35 6.37 6.40 6.43 6.46 (continued) SMITHSONIAN METEOROLOGICAL TABLES TABLE 46 (CONTINUED) 183 REDUCTION OF THE MERCURY COLUMN TO STANDARD TEMPERATURE Metric units Millimeter or millibar barometers and manometers subtracted above po ere For temperatures helow 0°C., the correction is to be ded (Correction in same units as height of mercury column.) Height of the mercury column Attached ther- mometer 0.0 0.2 °G; 0 0.00 0.03 1 14 17 2 P| 32 3 43 46 2 57 .60 5 0.72 0210.75 6 .86 89 7 1,00 *.1:03 8 1.15 1.18 9 1.29 1,32 2.75 20 287 289 21 3.01 3.04 22 315 + 43.18 23 3.29 3.32 24 3.44 3.46 25 3.98 ON3.61 26 3.2 "3.75 2/7. 3.86 3.89 28 4.01 4.03 29 415 4.18 30 429 4.32 31 443 446 32 4.58 4.60 33 472 4.75 34 486 4.89 35 5.00 5.03 36 B14 15,17 37 5.29 "15.31 38 5.43 5.46 39 5257 ©) 5:60 40 Dal 5.74 41 5.85 5.88 42 0:99 © -'6.02 43 6.14 6.16 44 6.28 ©. 6.31 45 6.42 6.45 0.4 0.06 20 DABWNO ONDABW NOKONUD PWD C z Rvaork SAatVs RALSEN NAROO NMONWON —OwoONnN AAA Cinninin BARA PROWL WhHHWH NNNNN Ome xn a ~ b& “N GW 80 mm. or mb. 0.6 0.09 23 6.50 SMITHSONIAN METEOROLOGICAL TABLES 6.53 (continued) 0.0 0.00 Height of the mercury column 0 mm. or mb. 0.2 0.4 OOAMNP NH woo NIOQORO TEA DAupnynw ODASOAN ANANM MMe DALAL LAWL m OV DO 00 Go 6.55 (see p. 137). 0.6 0.09 AN BWeOCO NI ND CWO on — 184 TABLE 46 (CONTINUED) REDUCTION OF THE MERCURY COLUMN TO STANDARD TEMPERATURE Metric units Millimeter or millibar barometers and manometers above below (Correction in same units as height of mercury column.) For temperatures 0°C., the correction is to be ane re (see p. 137). Height of the mercury column Height of the mercury column ees 900 mm. or mb. 910 mm. or mb. er- _——————e ee ao etd 0.0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 0.0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 0 0.00 0.03 0.06 0.09 0.12 0.00 0.03 0.06 0.09 0.12 1 “LS 18 HAL Lay .26 15 18 21 24 PH 2 29 32 35 38 41 30 £33 36 39 42 3 44 47 50 53 56 45 48 51 54 56 59 .62 65 68 a7 59 62 65 68 71 5 0.73 0.76 0.79 0.82 0.85 0.74 0.77 0.80 0.83 0.86 6 88 91 94 97 1.00 89 92 95 98 1.01 7 1.03 1.06 1.09 Lal TS, 1.04 1.07 1.10 1.13 1.16 8 WAI 1.20 1:23 1.26 1.29 1.19 1.22 1.25 1.28 1.31 9 1.32 135 1.38 1.41 1.44 1.34 1.37 1.40 1.43 1.45 : 184 A087 - 9890 13 1,91 BO4 WELT OY 5200-8202 1.93 1.96 1.99 202 2.05 14 ZVSVORZOS myeZ11 Wyi2N4) B27 208: R211 M214 A236 =e Z2a9 15 ZeCOMEe CO Nae20 1h 229) ZZ Z22 LENZ25 MiP228 See Geet 16 23S RGUAOS eeA0 1 NAS | L2i46 2:37 ti 2240 \) 42:43 246° BZA 17 ZA er Zie MU EZHomn 2-08, \AZOL B52 WREZSS V2 55 BRaZol 2.64 18 ZAGO4 Waue.07 Ve 27/0 fg2:73\ | 276 Z07 WeZ70 (NS273 Ree 10 B29 19 218 | 2.01 Z84 T8207 2:90 Zi82 B2:84 195287 S)52.90\ 82:93 20 ZS A200 LO RZ99 3:02, 3:05 2:96 OY) 299 e302 RSI0S5 ~~ FS08 21 3.08 3.11 S13 WiiS16 O39 Sl Vessil4 ial? WSO: ReeZs 22 S22 a bs.2) Wad.2o al tool 3.34 326) } S29 Fis.02 ELIS65° Base 23 3007 9), 13.407) 3.43" «3:46 13,48 3.41 344 346. 349 3.52 24 Sol i siOr el eow7 \plis.00°. ES:63 3:99 Bf 3.08 GHloOL 3.64 3.67 25 S00 Mi 7o.09 BAe Leo) ears S10 HNAS-73 (NESTG. SARS) Ba S2 26 DOL 2h VS:00) Ui S:00 11, 13.09» tyS:92 3:85 13.88. 1043.91 6yt394 _5S97 27 395 1 13.98. 4.01 4.04 4.07 3-99 174.02 9894205 eny408: eal 28 ALO PAS B94 16 ars: gaz 414 417 420 423 4.26 29 424 427 430 433 4.36 429 432 .435 438 441 30 439 442 445 447 4.50 444 447 450 552 4.55 31 4553) ASO 74:59 0 4:62 GAGS 4.58 4.61 4.64 467 4.70 32 4.68 4.71 474 477 4.80 473-9476 O\04.79 yh ABZ ABS 33 482 485 488 4.91 4.94 488 491 494 497 4.99 34 4197 Fy7r0.00 0115.03 £9 75:06.' 5109 B02 1175105, (RSS, Hae. 11 5.14 35 Bild SiG eel 7 eeS.20. | 5.23 S217: Wyt520 hyeSi23 why 26°. eZ 36 B.20 | €5.29\ igeroe Wl ipidot Sade SHSZ MSGS Ly ds08 whorl 5.44 37 5.41 943° 5.46 549 5.52 DAT 0:49 TRISISZ: Ols:85) Pease 38 D059) | 06 fe eeOl 5.64 5.67 5.61 5.64. 0, 35.67 inno-70 | Bas 39 D/O tos 2: SEO DED 7O | oot! 5:76: 15.79) 9, 5:82 Fes SSS 40 B84") 11 95:87 19) 5:90 P1598 506 5:90 4° 5:93 175.96 yyy5.99 976102 41 5,98 .0-) GOL oi 16:04 4\),16:07 S680 6.05; (O08 MyO:1l eres gon7 42 6.13 \)! 16:16 05 6:19' wi 6122 1625 6.20 *\ (6.23). ,6:26 (1 629° C631 43 627 6786:30 1) 96:35 1 Fb36 i639 6.34 637 640 643 6.46 44 6.42 645 648 6.51 6.54 6:49 1 \ (6:52 WGiSS Ayi6s8 meol 45 G56 PP,16:59 {G62 WEGIOS © 76.68 6:64 6:67 2516.69 $ui6:72. 6.75 (continued) SMITHSONIAN METEOROLOGICAL TABLES TABLE 46 (CONTINUED) 185 REDUCTION OF THE MERCURY COLUMN TO STANDARD TEMPERATURE Metric units Millimeter or millibar barometers and manometers bove Fou 0°C., the correction is to be subtroced (see p. 137). For temperatures é (Correction in same units as height of mercury column.) Height of the mercury column Height of the mercury column atached 920 mm. or mb. 930 mm. or mb. ther- SS SS eS ai al 0.0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 0.0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 0 0.00 0.03 0.06 0.09 0.12 0.00 0.03 0.06 0.09 0.12 1 5 18 21 .24 AH hs) 18 21 24 ‘27, 2 30 30 .36 39 42 30 33 30 40 43 3 45 48 51 54 AY 46 49 252 5) 58 4 60 63 .66 .69 nde 61 .64 .67 70 v3 5 0.75 0.78 0.81 0.84 0.87 0.76 0.79 0.82 0.85 0.88 6 90 93 96 99 1.02 91 94 97 T.00 1.03 7 1.05 1.08 1.11 1.14 1.17 1.06 1.09 WIZ 1.15 1.18 8 1.20 1825 1.26 1.29 1eS2 LAA 1.24 1.28 1.30 1.34 9 1E35 1.38 1.41 1.44 1.47 1:37 1.40 1.43 1.46 1.49 12 1:80 S.61.83 1.86 13 1.95 1.98 2.01 2.04 2.07 1,97 2.00 2.03 2.06 2.09 14 2.10 2NS 2.16 2.19 2.22 Ze 2.15 2.18 2.21 2.24 15 Ze 0 ae.20 thee! 2:34) Rear PRIA IN MOTAGLM M WER SEY OP PAS ONG ZAG) 16 2.40 2.43 2.46 2.49 2:52 2.42 2.45 2.48 25) 2.55 17 250 CUSZ00 UR eZ.0L te S204 hzio/ 250m GeO) be e204 NZ O, w2eZ0 18 2.70 243 2.76 2.79 2.82 Fag 2.76 2.79 2.82 2.85 19 ZOOGEZ.OS VOkZ91 $MA294 2197 2.88 ZO CW Z-04 T5207" | S00 20 3:00'21,23:03 S1,13:06 02309 ASA 303/01 )13.06 AS09832, Osh 21 3.14 Sl7/ 3.20 25} 3.26 3.18 3.21 3.24 3:27. 3.30 22 3.29 3.32 3.35 3.38 3.41 3:30 3.36 3.39 3.42 3.45 23 3.44 3.47 3.50 ohare 3.56 3.48 3.51 3.54 3.57 3.60 24 S09 A MEOS PN ESO SeaS.OS Hardl 3:63 05 73:66), 13:09 3.72 Fad75 25 T/4 UR LS:A2 OLES:O0 Wita.8e. PSi86 S/S LOG) C).3:84 wahacs, 14:90 26 3.89 3.92 3.95 3.98 4.01 3.93 3.96 3.99 4.02 4.05 27 4.04 4.07 4.10 4.13 4.16 4.08 4.11 4.14 4.17 4.20 28 4.19 4.22 4.25 4.28 4.31 4.23 4.26 4.29 4.32 4.35 29 434 437 440 443 4.46 438 441 444 447 4.50 30 449 452 454 4.57 4.60 4:53 )0.84:56.0,7 4.59008 641620 484.65 31 4.63 4.66 4.69 4.72 4.75 4.68 4.71 4.74 4.77 4.80 32 4.78 4.81 4.84 4.87 4.90 4.83 4.86 4.89 4.92 4.96 33 4.93 4.96 4.99 5.02 5.05 4.98 5.02 5.04 5.08 5.10 34 SOS Ee eS i Me rola ee Sty: | S20 DD oss ol eoeLOW a ore2 «| ReZO 35 S23 Rao-2OUP E29 Bee Coo S20 ie Ol nena oss alu O4) MEDIAL 36 RISO 5:44 °° 25.47 15:50 5:43.50 25:46 15 50M E553 ~ 05.55 37 5153 ViBo.00IP A, BO.08-! §g5.01 5.64 5259 CT N5:O1 W565. 4005.07 E20 38 5167 SeeOez0 ke bOeZOme.LO.70 §o79 DAA COOL Se. MES .e5 39 5.82, \0.00;:80 #009.68 10 05,91 15.94 589) oo 5.94 5.97 6.00 40 5.97 6.00 603 606 6.09 6.03 Al NG6.065 7) 76,0900 56.12) 16:15 41 GAZREVGIS EA SOAS LS AG.21) G24 G:18 1) GO2Z1 0 NOZ4P 6:27. 19630 42 6.27 £6, 06.50 te H6:52 76.35 “1638 6:33 ON, 06.30 18 NG:397e 6.42: 856.45 43 6.41 8.6.44 6.6.47 |: 16.50 6:53 G48 (9.16:51 60465420 16.57 16:60 44 6,56.05,06.59 1216.62.0.96.65 1/668 6.63 666 669 672 6.75 45 6:7 1006.74 92,06:77 L680) GBS 6.78 681 684 687 6.90 (continued) SMITHSONIAN METEOROLOGICAL TABLES 186 TABLE 46 (CONTINUED) REDUCTION OF THE MERCURY COLUMN TO STANDARD TEMPERATURE Metric units Millimeter or millibar barometers and manometers For temperatures TONS, 0°C., the correction is to be sbeacie (see p. 137). (Correction in same units as height of mercury column.) Height of the mercury column Height of the mercury column avenged 940 mm. or mb. 950 mm. or mb. ther- eo oo OO or} a oie 0.0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 0.0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 0 0.00 0.03 0.06 0.09 0.12 0.00 0.03 0.06 0.09 0.12 1 15 18 22 a25 .28 15 19 422 25 .28 2 31 34 ae) 40 43 aSiL 34 37 40 43 3 46 49 B52 55 58 47 50 53 56 59 4 61 64 67 71 74 62 65 68 71 74 5 0.77 0.80 0.83 0.86 0.89 0.78 0.81 0.84 0.87 0.90 6 92 95 98 1.01 1.04 93 96 99 1.02 1.05 7 1.07 1.10 1.14 1.17 1.20 1.08 LZ 1.15 1.18 1.21 8 WS) 1.26 1.29 1.32 1235 1.24 N7/ 1.30 1.33 1.36 9 1.38 1.41 1.44 1.47 1.50 1.39 1.43 1.46 1.49 1.52 10 1.53 1.56 1.59 1.63 1.66 155 1.58 1.61 1.64 1.67 11 1.69 1.72 1275 1.78 1.81 1.70 1.73 1.77 1.80 1.83 12 1.84 1.87 1.90 1.93 1.96 1.86 1.89 1.92 1.95 1.98 13 1.99 2.02 2.05 2.08 Pali 2.01 2.04 2.07 2.11 2.14 14 2.15 2.18 DAN 2.24 PALA PAV 2.20 Wypas) 2.26 2.29 15 2.30 239 2.36 2.39 2.42 2.32 2:35 2.38 2.41 2.45 16 2.45 2.48 25 2.54 257 2.48 Prey 2.54 Pay 2.60 17 2.60 2.63 2.66 2.69 24S 2.63 2.66 2.69 2.72 2.75 18 2.76 2.79 2.82 2.85 2.88 2.79 2.82 2.85 2.88 2.91 19 2.91 2.94 2.97 3.00 3.03 2.94 2.97 3.00 3.03 3.06 20 3.06 3.09 Sel 3.15 3.18 3.09 SZ 3.15 3.19 3:22 21 3.21 3.24 327 Sok 3.34 BS) 3.28 3.31 3.34 aioy/ 22 ShaV/ 3.40 3.43 3.46 3.49 3.40 3.43 3.46 3.49 3.52 23 S202 3.55 3.58 3.61 3.64 3.55 3.59 3.62 3.65 3.68 24 3.67 3.70 373 3.76 3.79 3.71 3.74 Sel 3.80 3.83 25 3.82 3.85 3.88 3.91 3.94 3.86 3.89 3.92 3.95 3.99 26 3.98 4.01 4.04 4.07 4.10 4.02 4.05 4.08 4.11 4.14 27 4.13 4.16 4.19 4.22 4.25 4.17 4.20 4.23 4.26 4.29 28 4.28 4.31 4.34 4.37 4.40 4.32 4.35 4.39 4.42 4.45 29 4.43 4.46 4.49 4.52 4.55 4.48 4.51 4.54 4.57 4.60 30 4.58 4.61 4.64 4.67 4.70 4.63 4.66 4.69 4.72 4.75 31 4.73 4.76 4.80 4.83 4.86 4.79 4.82 4.85 4.88 4.91 32 4.89 4.92 4.95 4.98 5.01 4.94 4.97 5.00 5.03 5.06 33 5.04 5.07 5.10 Bats) 5.16 5.09 5.12 515 5.18 5.21 34 5.19 5.22 5.25 5.28 5.31 5.24 5.28 Sol 5.34 EESY/ 35 5.34 537, 5.40 5.43 5.46 5.40 5.43 5.46 5.49 5.52 36 5.49 tS 5.55 5.58 5.61 5:55 5.58 5.61 5.64 5.67 37 5.65 5.67 CYA 5.74 5.77 5.71 5.74 5.77 5.80 5.83 38 5.80 5.83 5.86 5.89 5.92 5.86 5.89 5.92 5.95 5.98 39 5.95 5.98 6.01 6.04 6.07 6.01 6.04 6.07 6.10 6.13 40 6.10 6.13 6.16 6.19 6.22 6.16 6.19 6.23 6.26 6.29 41 6.25 6.28 6.31 6.34 6.37 6.32 6.35 6.38 6.41 6.44 42 6.40 6.43 6.46 6.49 6.52 6.47 6.50 6.53 6.56 6.59 43 6.55 6.58 6.61 6.64 6.67 6.62 6.65 6.68 6.71 6.74 44 6.71 6.74 6.77 6.80 6.83 6.78 6.81 6.84 6.87 6.90 45 6.86 6.89 6.92 6.95 6.98 6.93 6.96 6.99 7.02 7.05 (continued) SMITHSONIAN METEOROLOGICAL TABLES TABLE 46 (CONTINUED) 187 REDUCTION OF THE MERCURY COLUMN TO STANDARD TEMPERATURE Metric units Millimeter or millibar barometers and manometers For temperatures rt 0°C., the correction is to be rr (see p. 137). (Correction in same units as height of mercury column.) Height of the mercury column Height of the mercury column Attached 960 mm. or mb. 970 mm. or mb. - a TT ee 0.0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 0.0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 0 0.00 0.03 0.06 0.09 0.13 0.00 0.03 0.06 0.10 0.13 1 16 19 aD, 25 28 16 19 22 25 29 2 31 34 38 41 44 32 35 38 41 44 3 47 50 3 56 .60 48 51 54 57 60 4 63 66 69 72 iY fs) 63 67 70 73 76 5 0.78 0.82 0.85 0.88 0.91 0.79 0.82 0.85 0.89 0.92 6 94 97 1.00 1.03 1.07 95 98 1.01 1.04 1.08 7 1.10 113 1.16 1.19 1-22 1.11 1.14 17, 1.20 123 8 1.25 1.28 1.32 1.35 1.38 1.27 1.30 1.33 1.36 1.39 9 1.41 1.44 1.47 1.50 1.53 1.42 1.46 1.49 1252 1°55 10 1.57 1.60 1.63 1.66 1.69 1.58 1.61 1.65 1.68 1.71 11 1242 1.75 1.78 1.82 1.85 1.74 1.77 1.80 1.83 1.87 12 1.88 1.91 1.94 1.97 2.00 1.90 1.93 1.96 1.99 2.02 13 2.03 2.07 2.10 2.13 2.16 2.06 2.09 2.12 ZAS 2.18 14 2.19 2.22 225 2.28 2.32 221 2.24 2.28 231 2.34 15 2.35 2.38 2.41 2.44 2.47 2.37 2.40 2.43 2.47 2.50 16 2.50 2:53 257 2.60 2.63 2.53 2.56 259 2.62 2.65 17 2.66 2.69 2.72 2.75 2.78 2.69 Za 2.75 2.78 2.81 18 2.81 2.85 2.88 2.91 2.94 2.84 2.88 2.91 2.94 2.97 19 2.97 3.00 3.03 3.06 3.10 3.00 3.03 3.06 3.10 3.13 20 3.13 3.16 3.19 Size 3.25 3.16 3.19 S22 3.25 3.28 21 3.28 3.31 3.34 3.38 3.41 3.32 335 3.38 3.41 3.44 22 3.44 3.47 3.50 SS 3.56 3.47 3.50 3.54 S07: 3.60 23 3.59 3.62 3.65 3.69 3.72 3.63 3.66 3.69 3.72 3.76 24 375 3.78 3.81 3.84 3.87 3.79 3.82 3.85 3.88 3.91 25 3.90 3.94 3.97 4.00 4.03 3.94 3.98 4.01 4.04 4.07 26 4.06 4.09 4.12 4.15 4.18 4.10 4.13 4.16 4.20 4.23 27 4.21 4.25 4.28 4.31 4.34 4.26 4.29 4.32 4.35 4.38 28 4.37 4.40 4.43 4.46 4.49 4.42 4.45 4.48 4.51 4.54 29 4.53 4.56 4.59 4.62 4.65 4.57 4.60 4.64 4.67 4.70 30 4.68 471 4.74 4.77 4.80 4.73 4.76 4.79 4.82 4.85 31 4.84 4.87 4.90 4.93 4.96 4.89 4.92 4.95 4.98 5.01 32 4.99 5.02 5.05 5.08 5.11 5.04 5.07 5.11 5.14 5el7 33 5.15 5.18 5.21 5.24 S22 5.20 SWAY 5.26 5.29 532 34 5.30 5.33 5.36 ho «| 542 5.36 5.39 5.42 5.45 5.48 35 5.46 5.49 5.52 555 5.58 a5s 5.54 5.58 5.61 5.64 36 5.61 5.64 5.67 5.70 BE 5.67 5.70 5.73 5.76 5.79 37 5.77 5.80 5.83 5.86 5.89 5.83 5.86 5.89 5.92 5.95 38 5.92 5.95 5.98 6.01 6.04 5.98 6.01 6.04 6.08 6.11 39 6.07 6.11 6.14 6.17 6.20 6.14 6.17 6.20 6.23 6.26 40 6.23 6.26 6.29 6.32 6.35 6.29 6.33 6.36 6.39 6.42 41 6.38 6.41 6.45 6.48 6.51 6.45 6.48 6.51 6.54 6.58 42 6.54 6.57 6.60 6.63 6.66 6.61 6.64 6.67 6.70 6.73 43 6.69 6.72 6.75 6.79 6.82 6.76 6.79 6.82 6.86 6.89 44 6.85 6.88 6.91 6.94 6.97 6.92 6.95 6.98 7.01 7.04 45 TOO" 87.03 706° 7:09" 7313 M07. 7rd TNA PRET 720 (continued) MITHSONIAN METEOROLOGICAL TABLES 188 TABLE 46 (CONTINUED) REDUCTION OF THE MERCURY COLUMN TO STANDARD TEMPERATURE Metric units Millimeter or millibar barometers and manometers above below 0°C., the correction is to be pee ws (see p. 137). For temperatures (Correction in same units as height of mercury column.) Height of the mercury column Height of the mercury column wt ached 980 mm. or mb. 990 mm. or mb. = I Ee ee ae 0.0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 0.0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 0 0.00 0.03 0.06 0.10 0.13 0.00 0.03 0.06 0.10 0.13 1 .16 19 .22 .26 .29 16 19 23 .26 .29 Z aoe 230) 38 42 45 32 36 39 42 45 3 48 Bil 54 58 61 49 52 55 58 61 4 64 67 70 74 77 65 .68 Ft 74 78 5 0.80 0.83 0.86 0.90 0.93 0.81 0.84 0.87 0.90 0.94 6 .96 99 1.02 1.06 1.09 97 1.00 1.03 1.07 1.10 7 112 eS 1.18 1.22 1.25 1.13 1.16 1.20 1.23 1.26 8 1.28 19311 1.34 1837 1.41 1.29 1832 1.36 1.39 1.42 9 1.44 1.47 1.50 153, 1.57 1.45 1.49 1.52 1.55 1.58 10 1.60 1.63 1.66 1.69 173 1.61 1.65 1.68 ‘Al 1.74 11 1.76 1.79 1.82 1.85 1.89 1.78 1.81 1.84 1.87 1.90 12 1.92 1.95 1.98 2.01 2.05 1.94 1.97 2.00 2.03 2.07 13 2.08 2a 2.14 DAT. 2.20 2.10 2.13 2.16 2.19 223 14 2.24 227 2.30 2:33 2.36 2.26 2.29 232 2.36 2.39 15 2.40 2.43 2.46 2.49 2.52 2.42 2.45 2.48 E52 2.55 16 255 2.59 2.62 2.65 2.68 2.58 2.61 2.65 2.68 Bin 17 2e7il 2.75 2.78 2.81 2.84 2.74 277. 2.81 2.84 2.87 18 2.87 2.90 2.94 2.97 3.00 2.90 2.93 2.97 3.00 3.03 19 3.03 3.06 3.10 S13 3.16 3.06 3.09 Ssh) 3.16 3.19 20 3.19 3.22 3.25 3.29 SSA 3.22 3.26 3.29 3.32 3:35 21 3635 3.38 3.41 3.45 3.48 3.38 3.42 3.45 3.48 Sol 22 3.51 3.54 ShEY/ 3.60 3.64 3.54 3.58 3.61 3.64 3.67 23 3.67 3.70 3.73 3.76 3.79 3.70 3.74 3.77 3.80 3.83 24 3.83 3.86 3.89 3.92 3.95 3.86 3.90 3.93 3.96 3.99 25 3.99 4.02 4.05 4.08 4.11 4.03 4.06 4.09 4.12 4.15 26 4.14 4.18 4.21 4.24 4.27 4.19 4.22 4.25 4.28 4.31 fad 4.30 4.33 4.37 4.40 4.43 4.35 4.38 4.41 4.44 4.47 28 4.46 4.49 4.52 4.56 4.59 4.51 4.54 4.57 4.60 4.64 29 4.62 4.65 4.68 4.71 4.75 4.67 4.70 4.73 4.76 4.79 30 4.78 4.81 4.84 4.87 4.90 4.83 4.86 4.89 4.92 4.95 31 4.94 4.97 5.00 5.03 5.06 4.99 5.02 5.05 5.08 5.11 32 5.10 Bas 5.16 5.19 BW 5.15 5.18 5.21 5.24 Sal 33 B25 5.29 5.32 535 5.38 Sil 5.34 5.37 5.40 5.43 34 5.41 5.44 5.47 5.51 5.54 5.47 5.50 5.53 5.56 5.59 35 557 5.60 5.63 5.66 5.70 5.63 5.66 5.69 Se7z 5.75 36 573 5.76 5.79 5.82 5.85 5.79 5.82 5.85 5.88 5.91 37 5.89 5.92 5.95 5.98 6.01 5.95 5.98 6.01 6.04 6.07 38 6.04 6.08 6.11 6.14 6.17 6.11 6.14 6.17 6.20 6.23 39 6.20 6.23 6.26 6.30 6.33 6.26 6.30 6.33 6.36 6.39 40 6.36 6.39 6.42 6.45 6.49 6.42 6.46 6.49 6.52 6.55 41 6.52 6.55 6.58 6.61 6.64 6.58 6.62 6.65 6.68 6.71 42 6.67 6.71 6.74 6.77 6.80 6.74 6.77 6.81 6.84 6.87 43 6.83 6.86 6.90 6.93 6.96 6.90 6.93 6.97 7.00 7.03 44 6.99 7.02 7.05 7.08 7.12 7.06 7.09 7.13 7.16 7.19 45 7.15 7.18 7.21 7.24 7.27 7:22 7.25 7.28 7.32 £35 (continued) SMITHSONIAN METEOROLOGICAL TABLES TABLE 46 (CONTINUED) 189 REDUCTION OF THE MERCURY COLUMN TO STANDARD TEMPERATURE For temperatures Bat Attached ther- mometer 0.0 SC. 0 0.00 1 16 2 1S) 3 49 4 65 5 0.82 6 98 7 1.14 8 1.30 9 1.47 10 1.63 11 1.79 12 1.96 13 Fasll/a 14 2.28 15 2.44 16 2.61 17 2.77 18 2.93 19 3.09 20 3.26 21 3.42 22 3.58 23 3.74 3.90 25 4.07 26 4.23 27 4.39 28 4.55 29 4.71 30 4.88 31 5.04 32 5.20 33 5.36 34 5.52 35 5.68 36 5.84 37 6.01 38 6.17 39 6.33 40 6.49 41 6.65 42 6.81 43 6.97 44 7.13 45 7.29 Metric units Millimeter or millibar barometers and manometers above Ow 0°C., the correction is to be subtracted added (Correction in same units as height of mercury column.) Height 6f the mercury column 0.2 0.03 .20 Nw wre on DAW WNOON UBNOO NUDE ONDFLN i 0 00D NW NNADA AQAUUN TUUNUMA PARRA WWW WNHNNN WwW Ww 0.4 000 mm. or mb. 0.6 SMITHSONIAN METEOROLOGICAL TABLES 7.42 (continued) Height of the mercury column 1010 mm. or mb. 0.2 0.03 .20 0.4 0.07 23 .40 96 13 0.89 1.06 1.22 1.38 1.55 1.71 1.88 (see p. 137). 0.6 0.10 .26 43 09 76 0.92 1.09 1.25 1.42 1.58 1.75 1.91 ADAAW UNM HPAAARR PWWWW WHWNNNH NNN MwnNno VintbbboO SONAR CONMBR NHOCOND BHR ON VRSas HEBVaR SAIRSR GEASS ASCHAS BNO NNO OOD NI 1100 a i WW Oo W 190 TABLE 46 (CONTINUED) REDUCTION OF THE MERCURY COLUMN TO STANDARD TEMPERATURE Metric units Millimeter or millibar barometers and manometers For temperatures shove 0°C., the correction is to be Ow subtracted added (Correction in same units as height of mercury column.) Height of the mercury column Attached 1020 mm. or mb. ther- mometer 0.0 0.2 0.4 CONDAMW BWNHHOOD nN NI N (=>) “I w 21 3/40 aa 6315208 9355 22 3.65 3:69 * #3.72 23 3.82 9h 13.80 3.88 24 3.98 4.02 4.05 25 4.15 4.18)! »4.21 26 4.31 4.35 4.38 27 448 4.51 4.54 28 464 468 4.71 29 4.81 4.84 4.87 30 4.97 5.01 5.04 31 Sel4 ey P5:17 81 e520 32 5,30 \), 49:54 5:37 33 5.47 $.,29:90 eb 0.05 34 5.63 5.67 5.70 35 5.80 5.83 5.86 36 5.96.9,75.99"= (6:03 37 6.13 6.16 6.19 38 6.29 632 6.36 39 6.45 6.49 6.52 40 6.62 6.65 6.69 41 G28) £6.82.0) 10.85 42 6.95 6.98 7.01 43 7.11 TAASO 7 AS 44 128 4s 7.34 45 7.44 = 7.47 7.50 SMITHSONIAN METEOROLOGICAL TABLES 0.6 SS SYONT BONN ON ON OU COUCH ONC SS See G0) OCI TOININ: gO See NOON MBNS%S NNBNHO OVWpN CloUUR NOKOUN ANHiON EPROM BNNON NUSNAG BACHA inh MONDO WNOFAN SS (a (28) > N 757 (continued) Height of the mercury column 30 mm. or mb. 0.2 0.4 (see p. 137). 0.6 0.10 af 1.45 rONOAL NFKONHR HHORKON CO NMNAONMN OMMNOM NOM M0 _ ONTRA & DO WNOnmdo SID RNR NNDH ADAVAN NNT PARAL POOHH BWHONNN NNN OMRON DO NOroOn DWLMrO Crono NMMmOnWu sey nD ae 1g | RPOONL Wr OOOO Wr OO look Ee, ae) NNMOnmMN BWMwHMcor COONLW WOMMNO KD NNDD ANNAN Mmmm BEAPAHR BOWWWW WWNHNDH NNN CONLhWr NANA Gr 0 00 foe oo) —cunch Loa he of ES, eo) NON nO + -_- © TABLE A6 (CONTINUED) 191 REDUCTION OF THE MERCURY COLUMN TO STANDARD TEMPERATURE Metric units Millimeter or millibar barometers and manometers For temperatures above below 0°C., the correction is to be subtracted added (Correction in same units as height of mercury column.) Attached ther- mometer 0.0 0.2 nC 0 0.00 0.03 1 7 .20 2 34 mY 3 ol 54 4 68 71 5 0.85 0.88 6 1.02 1.05 7 1.19 1.22 8 1.36 1.39 9 1.53 1.56 10 1.70 73 11 1.87 1.90 12 2.03 2.07 13 2.20 2.24 14 2.37 2.41 15 2.54 2.58 16 2.71 2.74 17 2.88 2.91 18 3.05 3.08 19 3.22 3.25 20 3.39 3.42 21 3.55 3.59 22 SHG 3.76 23 3.89 3.93 24 4.06 4.09 25 4.23 4.26 26 4.40 4.43 27 457 4.0 28 4.73, 4.77 29 4.90 4.94 30 5.07 5.10 31 5.24 5.27 32 5.41 5.44 33 5.57 5.61 34 5.74 5.78 35 5.91 5.94 36 6.08 6.11 37 6.25 6.28 38 6.41 6.45 39 6.58 6.61 40 6.75 6.78 0 mm. or mb. 0.4 RS & wis loc Anweio DODRWHE WOOD ae cet nN wm — a CODR WHeoOoDWn PWH woo QS a Oe noe BORN DDNOW RDAOWHDO NNW HhL NEFLNO W NINND ADAAA UMMM NRPAPH PWWWW WWNNN NNN wWHeS0 AnwHOo WBAUWH DARUW MmWmonNu Non Nn wu oOo dO SMITHSONIAN METEOROLOGICAL TABLES Height of the mercury column 1 inte CONinwhy OCmNiNnw NOWAN RESti2 Stas SSaa SS&Spn NNIND ADAAH UMNUNMWT NAAR ARYWY ta by O00 00S) G60 N on wn 7.72 (continued) Height of the mercury column 50 mm. or mb. 0.2 0.4 (see p. 137). 0.6 wD NDDONAM WHODN UWH oo Q AR BAW WHONN NNN Q eu CANON NORPBN COWDHAONWD NOON WNDTON NWHD0 DD ANIOWD ONMPNO WAOMU 8 oONWMpDY CONN p HA ADAAH MMM NARAAA RRWOW WHHWNN NNNDS mn orehNIO WAOND OnNRPOr, Oo NORBNY NS NR On 192 TABLE 46 (CONTINUED) REDUCTION OF THE MERCURY COLUMN TO STANDARD TEMPERATURE Metric units Millimeter or millibar barometers and manometers For temperatures above beloy ° aes subtracted - 0°C., the correction is to be added (Correction in same units as height of mercury column.) Height of the mercury column aeiened 1060 mm. or mb. er- a ad 0.0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0 0.00 0.03 0.07 0.10 1 17 FAI 24 .28 2 35 38 42 45 3 52 55 59 62 4 69 73 76 .80 5 0.86 0.90 0.93 0.97 6 1.04 1.07 1.11 1.14 7 1.21 1.25 1.28 ESI 8 1.38 1.42 1.45 1.49 9 1.56 1.59 1.62 1.66 10 73 1.76 1.80 1.83 ay 1.90 1.94 1.97 2.00 12 2.07 Peli 2.14 2.18 13 2.25 2.28 Zoe 2.35 14 2.42 2.45 2.49 2.52 15 2.59 2.63 2.66 2.69 16 2.76 2.80 2.83 2.87 17 2.94 2.97 3.00 3.04 18 Sala! 3.14 3.18 SA 19 3.28 Sil 3.35 3.38 20 3.45 3.49 S52 3.56 21 3.62 3.66 3.69 3.73 22 3.79 3.83 3.86 3.90 23 3.97 4.00 4.04 4.07 24 4.14 417 4.21 4.24 25 4.31 4.34 4.38 4.41 26 4.48 4.52 4.55 4.59 27 4.65 4.69 4.72 4.76 28 4.83 4.86 4.89 4.93 29 5.00 5.03 5.07 5.10 30 Buly/ 5.20 5.24 5.27 31 5.34 Bes 5.41 5.44 32 yall 5.54 5.58 5.61 33 5.68 5y7/2 55 5.78 34 5.85 5.89 5.92 5.96 35 6.02 6.06 6.09 6.13 36 6.19 6.23 6.26 6.30 37 6.37 6.40 6.43 6.47 38 6.54 6.57 6.60 6.64 39 6.71 6.74 6.78 6.81 40 6.88 6.91 6.95 6.98 41 7.05 7.08 FAW Felid 42 Le WLS 7.29 Toe 43 7.39 7.42 7.46 7.49 44 7.56 7.59 7.63 7.66 45 Ud fe HLM 7.80 7.83 SMITHSONIAN METEOROLOGICAL TABLES 7.87 (continued) Height of the mercury column (see p. 137). 1070 mm. or mb. 0.2 0.04 21 0.4 0.6 0.10 .28 — NINO SCODNnRW HOODR NHONN RYO BRYON ANSBaHU DBHBAO MAWNO Cm Re te ONS ONON ON 5 ONCE COS oe et 00) O09, O3 Ca COIN AONA NOAAC See ES oOo ON Se 5 WABDMOwW Cbd Ne MOMAR WHOMH BYE BRAS NI oe WUNIOWO — OV bo Co NNN AADAAH QuuM nH pR ARRYHWO Wow wn ERNO CNLwD SmMNiNnw NONN © NO & NON TABLE 46 (CONTINUED) 193 REDUCTION OF THE MERCURY COLUMN TO STANDARD TEMPERATURE Metric units Millimeter or millibar barometers and manometers For temperatures above below 0°C., the correction is to be age (see p. 137). adde (Correction in same units as height of mercury column.) Height of the mercury column acne 1080 mm. or mb. ere aed 0.0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 H 'ihiog “oooe e007 Soul. Ona 1 18 21 25 28 32 2 35 39 42 46 49 3 53 56 60 64 67 4 71 74 78 81 85 5 0.88 0.92 0.95 0.99 1.02 6 1.06 1.09 1.13 1.16 1.20 if 1.23 1527 1.30 1.34 1.37 8 1.41 1.45 1.48 1.52 1.55 9 1.59 1.62 1.66 1.69 1.73 10 1.76 1.80 1.83 1.87 1.90 iil 1.94 1.97 2.01 2.04 2.08 12 AAI 2a5 2.18 Zee 2.25 13 2.29 232 2.36 2.39 2.43 14 2.46 2.50 2.53 257. 260 15 2.64- 51268 (12.71 2.75 2.78 16 2.82 2.85 2.89 2.92 2.96 17 2.99 3.03 3.06 3.10 3.13 18 317 3.20 3.24 3.27 3.31 19 3.34 3.38 3.41 3.45 3.48 20 3.52 3.55 3.59 3.62) 3:66 21 3.69 3.73 3.76 3.80 3.83 22 3.87 3.90 3.94 3.97 4.01 23 4.04 4.08 4.11 4.15 4.18 24 AQ? 104125 4.29 4.32 4.36 25 4.39 4.43 4.46 4.50 4.53 26 4.57 4.60 4.64 4.67 4.71 27 4.74 4.78 4.81 4.85 4.88 28 4.92 4.95 4.99 5.02 5.06 29 5.09 5.13 5.16 5.20 5.23 30 5.26 5.30 5.34 5.37 5.41 31 5.44 5.47 5.51 B54) oe 32 5.61 5.65 5.68 5.72 5.75 33 5.79 5.82 5.86 5.89 5.93 34 5.96 6.00 6.03 6.07. 6.10 35 6.14 6.17 6.21 6.24 6.28 36 6.31 6.35 6.38 6.42 6.45 37 6.49 6.52 6.56 6.59 6.62 38 6.66 6.69 6.73 6.76 6.80 39 6.83 6.87 6.90 6.94 6.97 40 7.01 7.04 7.08 7.11 7.15 41 7.18 7.22 7.25 7.29 7.32 42 7.36 7.39 7.42 7.46 7.49 43 7.53 7.56 7.60 7.63 7.67 44 7.70 7.74 TAd 7.81 7.84 45 7.88 7.91 7.95 7.98 8.02 (continued) SMITHSONIAN METEOROLOGICAL TABLES 0.0 0.00 18 36 3 71 0.89 1.07 6.19 NNNN ADAH NLM © \O NTUn Ge CONUN OWNNN a | oi | nm NI Height of the mercury column 1090 mm. or mb. 0.2 Suit - (OV ONONC ON HONCNONOUGRS (CnC Pe) COs) 3036 ABN ONUBN CONNwW HOmMAR NHoONUN A BAD BWBADOW NOOCWM NSONRYVY OCPBAO NON ‘o 60 o = 0.4 0.07 29 0.6 0.11 NOON GDOAMNIW KMOONR NMOKMONUN BS ANORF BOOP L NDNWOEHYWHO Dowun © co on So © o N 194 TABLE 46 (CONTINUED) REDUCTION OF THE MERCURY COLUMN TO STANDARD TEMPERATURE Metric units Millimeter or millibar barometers and manometers subtracted bove 0°C., the correction is to be aaed (see p. 137). a For temperatures Petes (Correction in same units as height of mercury column.) Height of the mercury column Height of the mercury column eeaekes 1100 mm. or mb. 1110 mm. or mb. - (SSS FT eee” Te 0.0 0.2 0.4 0.6: 0.8 0.0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 0 0.00 0.04 0.07 0.11 0.14 0.00 0.04 0.07 0.11 0.15 1 18 22 25 .29 32 18 22, 755) .29 16) 2 36 39 43 47 50 36 40 44 47 51 3 54 58 61 65 .68 54 58 62 65 69 4 fz 75 79 83 86 72 76 80 83 87 5 0.90 0.93 0.97 1.01 1.04 0.91 0.94 0.98 1.01 1.05 6 1.08 Uli 1.15 1.18 1.22 1.09 1E V2 1.16 1.20 1.23 7 1.26 1.29 1.33 1.36 1.40 1.27 1.30 1.34 1.38 1.41 8 1.44 1.47 1.51 1.54 1.58 1.45 1.49 1e52 1.56 1.59 9 1.61 1.65 1.69 1.72 1.76 1.63 1.67 1.70 1.74 1.77 29 G49 1522 48596 W520 i544 593. 527 ¥4530 wh534) ae 30 536. we540) 2543 weSl47 © SIS Gl ReS4S; HeS4Se WeSs2. iiS6 31 554 S58 th 56l WSS. | S68 S590, 15.63 (n5i66 phokz0, - SoG 32 S72) N55) FKS.70. WASSS Sia6 O77 H58l e584 MSS tol 33 590 593 597 600 6.04 595 5.99 ~~6,02 06.06 6.09 34 607 J061l Wo6l4! wets « G22 G13. £1616 6620-0624 627 35 625 11629 $632 61636 - 6:39 631. (96:34. (6638? m64i) 65 36 643 646 650 654 657 649 652 656 659 663 37 G6l (71664 E68 <8 67l 695 667 670 674 e677 ‘Gel 38 678 682 685 689 692 685 688 692 695 6.99 39 696: 67100: 207203. W707 «710 702: OR0G. TRIO Kamla sell 40 FAA oF IF jek W724. gee 72) 72h Aston wes 35 41 730) 935 27130, RFA dG 738: 2 F42 ox F45, Oe 749, | Ese 42 FAD 10753 PRIS6 SATO. B68 756, SAGO. OF bse WRG wz0 43 K67 F70) Ly F7TA. WATT. BRI IIA. NAIF AS, ESPs, TBR 44 785 HFSS (6792) 795 Fibs 792 ~'705 \<%60, 0802 8.06 45 202. 22806 948.00) WS BiG 810; 1813 rS7 weeeo 824 (continued) SMITHSONIAN METEOROLOGICAL TABLES TABLE 46 (CONTINUED) 195 REDUCTION OF THE MERCURY COLUMN TO STANDARD TEMPERATURE Metric units Millimeter or millibar barometers and manometers ae 0°C., the correction is to be aa ogel (see p. 137). (Correction in same units as height of mercury column.) For temperatures Height of the mercury column Height of the mercury column need 1120 mm. or mb. 1130 mm. or mb, = SS EEE (a ae 0.0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 0.0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 0 0.00 0.04 0.07 0.11 0.15 0.00 0.04 0.07 0.11 0.15 1 18 Lee, .26 .29 33 18 ile .26 29 “oh 2 ay) 40 44 48 51 37 41 44 48 52 3 55 59 62 66 .69 55 59 63 66 70 4 73 77 80 84 88 74 78 81 85 89 5 0.91 0.95 0.99 1.02 1.06 0.92 0.96 1.00 1.03 1.07 6 1.10 113 1.17 121 1.24 art 1.14 1.18 1:22 1e25 7 1.28 1.32 1.35 1.39 1.43 1.29 1.33 P37 1.40 1.44 8 1.46 1.50 1.54 157 1.61 1.47 1.51 1.55 1.59 1.62 9 1.64 1.68 1.72 1:75 1.79 1.66 1.70 1.73 1.77 1.81 10 1.83 1.86 1.90 1.94 1.97 1.84 1.88 1.92 1.95 1.99 11 2.01 2.05 2.08 212 2.15 2.03 2.06 2.10 2.14 ald, 12 2.19 2.23 2.26 2.30 2.34 2.21 2.25 2.28 ay 2.36 13 2.37 2.41 2.45 2.48 252 2.39 2.43 2.47 2.51 2.54 14 2.56 2.59 2.63 2.66 2.70 2.58 2.61 2.65 2.69 2.73 5 2.74 eld. 2.81 2.85 2.88 2.76 2.80 2.84 2.87 2.91 16 2.92 2.96 2.99 3.03 3.07 2.95 2.98 3.02 3.06 3.09 17 3.10 3.14 Sy) 3.21 3:25 3.13 3.17 3.20 3.24 3.28 18 3.28 3.32 3.36 3.39 3.43 3.31 3.35 3.39 3.42 3.46 19 3.47 3.50 3.54 3.07 3.61 3.50 3.53 SEV) 3.61 3.64 20 3.65 3.68 3.72 3.76 3.79 3.68 3:72, 3.75 3.79 3.83 21 3.83 3.87 3.90 3.94 3.97 3.86 3.90 3.94 3.97 4.01 ze 4.01 4.05 4.08 4.12 4.16 4.05 4.08 4.12 4.16 4.19 23 4.19 4.23 4.26 4.30 4.34 4.23 4.27 4.30 4.34 4.38 24 4.37 4.41 4.45 4.48 4.52 4.41 4.45 4.48 4.52 4.56 25 4.56 4.59 4.63 4.66 4.70 4.60 4.63 4.67 4.70 4.74 26 4.74 4.77 4.81 4.85 4.88 4.78 4.81 4.85 4.89 4.92 27 4.92 4.95 4.99 5.03 5.06 4.96 5.00 5.03 5.07 Bull 28 5.10 Bale 5.17 5.21 5.24 5.14 5.18 522 5.25 5.29 29 5.28 5:32 5.35 5.39 5.42 5.33 5.36 5.40 5.44 5.47 30 5.46 5.50 5.53 5.57 5.61 5.51 5.55 §.58 5.62 5.66 31 5.64 5.68 ByAl 5.75 5.79 5.69 5.73 LWP 5.80 5.84 32 5.82 5.86 5.89 5.93 5.97 5.87 5.91 5.95 5.98 6.02 33 6.00 6.04 6.07 6.11 6.15 6.06 6.09 6.13 6.17 6.20 34 6.18 6.22 6.26 6.29 6.33 6.24 6.28 6.31 6.35 6.39 35 6.36 6.40 6.44 6.47 6.51 6.42 6.46 6.50 6.53 6.57 36 6.55 6.58 6.62 6.65 6.69 6.60 6.64 6.68 6.71 6.75 37 6.73 6.76 6.80 6.83 6.87 6.79 6.82 6.86 6.90 6.93 38 6.91 6.94 6.98 7.01 7.05 6.97 7.00 7.04 7.08 7.11 39 7.09 TW 7.16 7.19 728 7.15 7.19 7.22 7.26 7.30 40 7.27 7.30 7.34 7.38 7.41 7.33 (ESS 7.41 7.44 7.48 41 7.45 7.48 7.52 7.56 7.59 251 7.55 7.59 7.62 7.66 42 7.63 7.66 7.70 7.74 Td. 7.70 7.73 WEE. 7.81 7.84 43 7.81 7.84 7.88 7.92 7.95 7.88 7.91 7.95 7.99 8.02 44 7.99 8.02 8.06 8.10 8.13 8.06 8.10 8.13 8.17 8.21 45 8.17 8.20 8.24 8.28 8.31 8.24 8.28 8.31 8.35 8.39 (continued ) SMITHSONIAN METEOROLOGICAL TABLES 196 TABLE 46 (CONTINUED) REDUCTION OF THE MERCURY COLUMN TO STANDARD TEMPERATURE Metric units Millimeter or millibar barometers and manometers 0°C., the correction is to be suiracice (seep. 137). (Correction in same units as height of mercury column.) above For temperatures Rela Height of the mercury column Height of the mercury column apes 1140 mm. or mb. 1150 mm. or mb. ther- ee oo ceo OT ee 0.0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 0.0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 0 0.00 0.04 0.07 0.11 0.15 0.00 0.04 0.07 0.11 0.15 1 19 22 .26 30 34 19 23 .26 30 34 2 EST, 41 45 48 E5Z 38 41 45 .49 253 3 56 60 63 67 71 56 60 64 68 71 4 74 78 82 86 89 75 79 83 86 90 5 0.93 0.97 1.00 1.04 1.08 0.94 0.98 1.01 1.05 1.09 6 12 15 1.19 1:23 127 tal3 1.16 1.20 1.24 1.28 7 1.30 1.34 1.38 1.41 1.45 1.31 135 1.39 1.43 1.46 8 1.49 1.53 1.56 1.60 1.64 1.50 1.54 1.58 1.61 1.65 9 1.67 1.71 TAS 1.79 1.82 1.69 173 1.76 1.80 1.84 18 B34 338 esd? Wess 4ar49 547 i) Al (345 rade aaese 19 B05 Wcs00) UedOO ims64 43:68 5:56. 29:59) idi63) 3167 7 | Boal 20 3.71 3:15) 3:29 S82 43:86 3:74 003.78 SNSISZ. AS:86 F3°89 21 3.90 3.93 3.97 4.01 4.04 3:93 3:97 0 p4.01 1 p4.04: wA08 22 408 442 4446 »4.19 4.23 412) 415, 94519) 16423 ~~ ge27 23 4.27 430 434 ° 438 4.41 430 434 438 442 4.45 24 445 449 452 4.56 4.60 449 453 456 460 4.64 20 AGA) e467) oT. oy 475. 4478 468 471 4.75 479 4383 26 482 486 489 493 4.97 486 490 494 497 5.01 27 SOOMeso.04 409.08 miso FoekS 5:05 1) 5:09 ey 5:12 sy SG 9520 28 S19) We 2o) plea: Bie0 S64 52d Noes HSL 5:35. 5:38 29 5.37) 1) 9.41 545 2548 35:52 5:42 ging46) 65.50) Beor53) | e557 30 5256, ben5:00' ar03: wie S67 aby7l 5.61 5.64: o9568 pyeSt72° 65:76 31 BTA) NZS) eS \Ma.So), | Roo 5.79 0:83. 45:87 ja 5:90) “a5e4 32 503) 465.96 46:00 HmG.04 6:07 5:98: 1)6:02-41'6.05 6609 <613 33 GALL YG: PGS ANO@22. , 16:26 G16) 6:20 6:24 G:28'- 46st 34 6.29 633 637 640 6.44 6.35 | 6:39 (6.424 GAG) a6*50 35 GAS w6:52) aiG:55 «659 6:63 6:54 06:57 oh6.6P s96:65 6668 36 6.66 9: 6.70 26:74 6.77 /X6:81 6.72 676 680 683 6.87 37 6.85 ) 6.88 692 < (696 6:99 6.91 16:94 1698 .227.02 42:05 38 003) wip d07 veel wcll). HAs 709. PRINS iiZele. egeeO: dees. 39 C2 CeEiZ5 WMD UG hoe , YAedO 7.28: Atesdl, C735 nEC9 RAS 40 TAD yieZ43 G4? wudbl 7.54 ZAG «87:50 yp754 SOTS7T FGI 41 COS) eirGO2 Ex'EOD Ped.69 | sa73 7:69 «9768. )PE72 20776 ae80 42 1.10 080. poge84 md.ee. ° VOT 7.83 0.07 herOl sand EROS 43 095. 6-898: 5802 we 806 809 8:02 48:05 peS09 (e856 44 S13) Pe S17 Wis8.20) p24) 828 8.20) 18.24 oi82Z8 C7 S3t 3835 45 S31) 96835 8:39 poe842° «BAG 8.39) 18.42) woiBid6 9 wSi50 98.54 (continued) SMITHSONIAN METEOROLOGICAL TABLES TABLE 46 (CONTINUED) 197 REDUCTION OF THE MERCURY COLUMN TO STANDARD TEMPERATURE Metric units Millimeter or millibar barometers and manometers above below subtracted For temperatures 0°C., the correction is to be added (see p. 137). (Correction in same units as height of mercury column.) Height of the mercury column Height of the mercury column sees a 1160 mm. or mb. 1170 mm. or mb. ther- (a sto a st 0.0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 0.0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 0 0.00 0.04 0.08 0.11 0.15 0.00 0.04 0.08 0.11 0.15 1 19 23 27, 30 34 19 “20 a7, 31 34 iz, 38 42 45 49 BS 38 42 46 50 53 3 57 61 64 68 E72 BY/ 61 65 69 73 4 76 80 83 87 91 76 80 84 88 92 5 0.95 0.98 1.02 1.06 1.10 0.95 0.99 1.03 1.07 art 6 1.14 ily AL 1.25 1.29 TSS 1.18 1222 1.26 1.30 7 1.32 1.36 1.40 1.44 1.48 1.34 1.37 1.41 1.45 1.49 8 1.51 1.55 1.59 1.63 1.67 1.53 157, 1.60 1.64 1.68 9 1.70 1.74 1.78 1.82 1.85 1.72 1.76 1.79 1.83 1.87 10 1.89 1.93 1.97 2.01 2.04 1.91 1.95 1.98 2.02 2.06 11 2.08 2.12 2.16 2.19 Zed 2.10 2.14 2.18 eel 225 12 B27 2.31 2.35 2.38 2.42 2.29 2.33 237 2.40 2.44 13 2.46 2.50 2205 2.571 2.61 2.48 Eby 2.56 2.59 2.63 14 2.65 2.68 242 2.76 2.80 2.67 2.71 2.75 2.78 2.82 15 2.84 2.87 2.91 2.95 2.99 2.86 2.90 2.94 2.97 3.01 16 3.02 3.06 3.10 3.14 Syl7/ 3.05 3.09 on3 3.16 3.20 17 SZ 3.25 3.29 3.33 3.36 3.24 3.28 3:32 3.35 3.39 18 3.40 3.44 3.48 Sa 3.55 3.43 3.47 3.51 3.54 3.58 19 3.59 3.63 3.66 3.70 3.74 3.62 3.66 3.70 3/3 Sle) 20 3.78 3.82 3.85 3.89 3.93 3.81 3.85 3.89 3.92 3.96 21 3.96 4.00 4.04 4.08 4.12 4.00 4.04 4.08 4.11 4.15 22 4.15 4.19 4.23 4.27 4.30 4.19 4.23 4.26 4.30 4.34 23 4.34 4.38 4.42 4.45 4.49 4.38 4.42 4.45 4.49 4.53 24 4.53 4.57 4.60 4.64 4.68 4.57 4.61 4.64 4.68 4.72 25 4.72 4.75 4.79 4.83 4.87 4.76 4.80 4.83 4.87 4.91 26 4.91 4.94 4.98 5.02 5.06 4.95 4.99 5.02 5.06 5.10 27 5.09 5.13 5.17 5.20 5.24 5.14 5.17 RAL 525 5.29 28 5.28 BESZ 5.36 5.39 5.43 5.33 5.36 5.40 5.44 5.48 29 5.47 5.51 5.54 5.58 5.62 5.52 5.55 5.59 5.63 5.67 30 5.66 5.69 5.73 Geil 5.81 5.70 5.74 5.78 5.82 5.86 31 5.84 5.88 5.92 5.96 5.99 5.89 5.93 5.97 6.01 6.04 32 6.03 6.07 6.11 6.14 6.18 6.08 6.12 6.16 6.20 6.23 33 6.22 6.26 6.29 6.33 6.37 6.27 6.31 6.35 6.38 6.42 34 6.40 6.44 6.48 6.52 6.56 6.46 6.50 6.54 6.57 6.61 35 6.59 6.63 6.67 6.70 6.74 6.65 6.69 6.73 6.76 6.80 36 6.78 6.82 6.85 6.89 6.93 6.84 6.87 6.91 6.95 6.99 37 6.97 7.00 7.04 7.08 alZ 7.03 7.06 7.10 7.14 7.18 38 GELS 7.19 2:23 7.27 7.30 7.22 7.25 7.29 7.33 7.37 39 7.34 7.38 7.41 7.45 7.49 7.40 7.44 7.48 7.52 7.55 40 73 7.56 7.60 7.64 7.68 7.59 7.63 7.67 7.70 7.74 41 ee 15 7.79 7.83 7.86 7.78 7.82 7.86 7.89 7.93 42 7.90 7.94 7.98 8.01 8.05 7.97 8.01 8.04 8.08 8.12 43 8.09 8.12 8.16 8.20 8.24 8.16 8.19 8.23 8.27 8.31 44 8.27 8.31 8.35 8.39 8.42 8.35 8.38 8.42 8.46 8.50 45 8.46 8.50 8.53 8.57 8.61 8.53 8.57 8.61 8.65 8.68 (continued) SMITHSONIAN METEOROLOGICAL TABLES 198 TABLE 46 (CONTINUED) REDUCTION OF THE MERCURY COLUMN TO STANDARD TEMPERATURE Metric units Millimeter or millibar barometers and manometers For temperatures he Vv in 20 10 subtracted ie 0°C., the correction is to be added (Correction in same units as height of mercury column.) Height of the mercury column Hered 1180 mm. or mb. er- a 0.0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 0 /sn0'00' 90.04) wgo0s whole ois 1 19 &23 27, Jl £35 2 39 42 46 50 54 3 58 62 65 .69 £73 4 ai] 81 85 89 93 5 0.96 1.00 1.04 1.08 1.12 6 1.16 1.19 1F25 1.27 1.31 7 1535 1.39 1.43 1.46 1.50 8 1.54 1.58 1.62 1.66 1.69 9 1.73 1.77 1.81 1.85 1.89 10 1.92 1.96 2.00 2.04 2.08 11 ZZ 2.15 2.19 2.23 Zel 12 2.31 2.35 2.39 2.42 2.46 13 2.50 2.54 2.58 2.62 2.65 14 2.69 2.73 277 2.81 2.85 15 2.88 2.92 2.96 3.00 3.04 16 3.08 3.11 315 3.19 3.23 17 327. 3.31 3.34 3.38 3.42 18 3.46 3.50 3.54 357 3.61 19 3.65 3.69 3.73 S77, 3.80 20 3.84 3.88 3.92 3.96 4.00 21 4.03 4.07 4.11 4.15 4.19 22 4.22 4.26 4.30 4.34 4.38 23 4.42 4.45 4.49 4.53 4.57 24 4.61 4.65 4.68 4.72 4.76 25 4.80 4.84 4.87 4.91 4.95 26 4.99 5.03 5.07 5.10 5.14 27 5.18 S22 5.26 5.29 5.33 28 5.37 5.41 5.45 5.49 5.52 29 5.56 5.60 5.64 5.68 5.71 30 5.75 5.79 5.83 5.87 5.91 31 5.94 5.98 6.02 6.06 6.10 32 6.13 6.17 6.21 6.25 6.29 33 6.32 6.36 6.40 6.44 6.48 34 6.51 6.55 6.59 6.63 6.67 35 6.71 6.74 6.78 6.82 6.86 36 6.90 6.93 6.97 7.01 7.05 37 7.09 7.12 7.16 7.20 7.24 38 7.28 Zi 7.35 7.39 7.43 39 TAF ‘ee 750) ub754 BUA5SS: 962 40 7.66 7.69 7.73 Weld 7.81 41 7.85 7.88 7.92 7.96 8.00 42 8.04 8.07 8.11 8.15 8.19 43 8.23 8.26 8.30 8.34 8.38 44 8.42 8.45 8.49 8.53 8.57 45 8.61 8.64 8.68 8.72 8.76 (continued ) SMITHSONIAN METEOROLOGICAL TABLES = bo CONN NNNDD DAnnun wm WeON MWWFION UWrOC AfL orm Who NICO \0 10 © 9 90 nO +> ao wo Height of the mercury column (see p. 137). 1190 mm. or mb. 0.2 Lat) WeON U®WeOO AL COCOCONINE NINNAD BDH whan’ “I 00 GOO © co 00 Now Ne) 0.4 0.6 RERE POON NNNNA DAKAM UMMA PAPAW WHWH NNNNN NOL RNANO OOCORFMHM WWHhUUN WNICOOMO COOrNWND BNSD DRNO&S® A]AbwWrO NNwrio Nuwito DOARNO 9 9 90 NID oOo & TABLE 46 (CONCLUDED) 199 REDUCTION OF THE MERCURY COLUMN TO STANDARD TEMPERATURE Metric units Millimeter or millibar barometers and manometers For temperatures nah : 0°C., the correction is to be eee raged (see p. 137). (Correction in same units as height of mercury column.) Height of the mercury column ees 1200 mm. or mb. ther- (oo ae 0.0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 0 0.00 0.04 0.08 0.12 0.16 1 .20 24 27. 31 35 2 39 43 47 il 55 3 59 63 67 71 74 4 78 82 86 90 94 5 0.98 1.02 1.06 1.10 1.14 6 eZ 1.21 1.25 1.29 1.33 7 137 1.41 1.45 1.49 1.53 8 1.57 1.61 1.65 1.68 1:72 9 1.76 1.80 1.84 1.88 1.92 10 1.96 2.00 2.04 2.07 2.11 il Zeus 2.19 2.23 BET 2.31 12 2.35 2.39 2.43 2.46 2.50 13 2.54 2.58 2.62 2.66 2.70 14 2.74 2.78 2.82 2.85 2.89 15 2.93 2.97 3.01 3.05 3.09 16 SiS} Shil7/ 3.21 3.24 3.28 17 3.32 3.36 3.40 3.44 3.48 18 3.52 3.56 3.60 3.63 3.67 19 3:71 ays 3.79 3.83 3.87 20 3.91 3.95 3.99 4.02 4.06 21 4.10 4.14 4.18 4.22 4.26 22 4.30 4.34 4.37 4.41 4.45 23 4.49 4.53 4.57 4.61 4.65 24 4.68 4.72 4.76 4.80 4.84 25 4.88 4.92 4.96 5.00 5.04 26 5.07 Sell Sys: 5.19 5.23 27 27, 5.31 5.35 5.38 5.42 28 5.46 5.50 5.54 5.58 5.62 29 5.66 5.70 573 5.77 5.81 30 5.85 5.89 5.93 5.97 6.01 31 6.04 6.08 6.12 6.16 6.20 32 6.24 6.28 6.32 6.36 6.39 33 6.43 6.47 6.51 6.55 6.59 34 6.63 6.66 6.70 6.74 6.78 35 6.82 6.86 6.90 6.93 6.97 36 7.01 7.05 7.09 7.13 7.17 37 7.21 7.24 7.28 7.32 7.36 38 7.40 7.44 7.48 7.52 ASB) 39 7.59 7.63 7.67 7.71 LD 40 7.79 7.83 7.86 7.90 7.94 41 7.98 8.02 8.06 8.10 8.13 42 8.17 8.21 8.25 8.29 8.33 43 8.37 8.40 8.44 8.48 8.52 44 8.56 8.60 8.64 8.67 8.71 45 8.75 8.79 8.83 8.87 8.91 SMITHSONIAN METEOROLOGICAL TABLES 200 TABLE 47 CORRECTIONS TO REDUCE BAROMETRIC READINGS TO STANDARD GRAVITY The observed height of a mercurial barometer, corrected for instrumental errors, is a function of the temperature of the barometer and of the local acceleration of gravity, as well as of the pressure. Therefore, to obtain a true relative measure of the atmospheric pressure, the observed height of the mercurial column must not only be reduced to what its height would be if at a standard temperature (Tables 45 and 46), but also to what it would be at a standard value of gravity. This correction may be written in the form ca LTB, (1) Jo where c= correction to be applied to the barometric height B, go= standard value of gravity adopted, gt = value of local gravity, B=height of the mercury column, corrected for temperature and instrumental errors. The correction c will be in the same units as the height of the barometer B. Instruction for obtaining g: are given in Table 167. For most meteorological applications the standard value of gravity is 980.665 cm. sec.~* (see Introduction, p. 3). For gi < go, the correction is to be subtracted from B, for g: > go, it is to be added. Since c is a linear function of B and (gi: — go) linear interpolation and linear combina- tions of the values given in Table 47 A are valid. Example: Barometer reading B, corrected for temperature and instrumental error = 29.647 in. Hg. Local gravity g: = 978.12 cm. sec.” 91 — go = 978.12 — 980.665 = — 2.54 cm. sec.” From the table: Gorprectionmtonyli— 2 OP aes eee eee eee 0.0518 oY SS Ve Bi QUAN Rc iaik, Bak Be Caine Reve: oad ia, 0233 sf SN Bi=—- COA occas wee .0016 s§ SP sie NO Siaperetetynistnctetyoucietane rule inie .0001 MOtAal COGKECE OMe aioe eke eats cere ee ele eae 0.0768 = 0.077 Barometer reading corrected for gravity = 29.647 — 0.077 = 29.570 in. Hg. For routine use at a land station, data for the appropriate g: — go can be extracted from the table and conveniently expanded for the range required by the barometer in use. Table 47 A can also be used with no appreciable error for reducing barometric readings to other values of standard gravity go in the neighborhood of 980.665 cm. sec.”? Ships at sea.—For reducing barometric observations made aboard ships, where it is impractical to determine local gravity g: in accordance with the procedure given in Table 167, it is necessary to assume that no gravity anomalies exist and that the local acceleration of gravity is a function of latitude only. The correction c may then be written C= (2) Jo where gy is the acceleration of gravity at latitude ¢ and sea level. Table 47 B gives values of c computed from equation (2). (continued) SMITHSONIAN METEOROLOGICAL TABLES TABLE 47 (CONTINUED) 201 CORRECTIONS TO REDUCE BAROMETRIC READINGS TO STANDARD GRAVITY Taste 47 A—Values of 21—# B Go go = standard acceleration of gravity, 980.665 cm. sec. g1 = local acceleration of gravity, cm. sec.” B=height of the mercury column, corrected for temperature and instrumental errors. (Corrections are in the same units as the height of the barometer, B.) If gi < go, the correction is to be subtracted; if g: > go, it is to be added. Height of the mercury column, B ks en oS eae 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800 900 1000 0.1 0.010 0.020 0.031 0.041 0.051 0.061 0.071 0.082 0.092 0.102 0.2 .020 041 061 .082 102 n2Z 143 163 184 .204 0.3 031 061 .092 122 153 184 .214 245 275 306 0.4 041 082 122 163 204 245 .286 326 367 408 0.5 051 102 153 .204 255 306 357 408 459 510 0.6 0.061 0.122 0.184 0.245 0.306 0.367 0.428 0.489 0.551 0.612 0.7 071 143 214 286 357 428 500 yp) 642 714 0.8 082 163 245 326 408 489 571 653 734 816 0.9 092 184 275 367 459 551 642 734 826 918 1.0 102 204 306 408 510 612 714 816 918 1.020 a 0.112 0.224 0.337 0.449 0.561 O'673—) O3785 ' VO:8977 7 L010" L122 122 122 245 367 489 612 734 857 O79 AOL e224 103 133 265 398 530 663 795 9280) OGL VIE193 7016326 1.4 143 286 428 571 714 857 999 1.142 1.285 1.428 £5 153 306 459 612 765 OS L070 122400 1.377, 12530 1.6 0.163 0.326 0.489 0.653 0.816’ 0.979 1.142 1.305 1.468 1.632 y/ 173 347 520 693 867 1.040), 21214) -1:3879\ 5 1:560) «1.734 1.8 184 367 551 734 918 OM e285 eG Gal O52 leeso 1.9 194 388 581 775 969 TGS elesbOn leo oOme L744 e938 2.0 204 408 612 816 1.020 1.224 1.428 1.632 1.836 2.040 Ail 0.214 0.428 0.642 0.857 1.071 12855, (499), A713 O27 2A? 2x0, 224 449 673 So7malal22 1.346 1.570 1.795 2.019 2.244 2.3 235 469 704 OSS WES 140709) 1642 “E8762 Ie 2346 2.4 245 489 734 979 1.224 1468 1713) OSS 2 205e 2447. 25 255 510 HO NAAN) e275) 1.530) 1.785 = 2.040) 2.294 2549 2.6 0265). .0:530°) 40:795'"- 1.061- 1.326 ESL ey aA Ashete) AGS 2h. 275 551 Se) aa es /7/ 165255 1927) 22203 hee 2.478) 25753 2.8 286 571 S57 al 4aZe | 1428 1Z1SOR V999 A2284 525708 2855 2.9 296 591 887. 1.183 1.479 ZA 2070 2300 OOLn ee 957 3.0 306 612 OS 224 ae e530 1:B3Gny 2142) W42:4478 ie 2:7 53S 059 oe O16.) 10:632) 10.948 265.5) e581 1.897) 2213.5, 22529) 28459 3: 161 ee, 326 653 CYS) USO: “LOS 19530 ee ZS Awe Olle 2-997 ees 20S 3.3 337 6730) MOTOS 1-346. 11683 ZOO 2350 2.69208 30290 3365 3.4 347 693 1.040 1.387 1.734 ZO080N) 2427 Ve27741 3.120) 93467, 3.5 357 714°, 4.071. 1.428. 1-785 AME PREM OR) AI) SEES 3.6 0.367 0.734 1.101 1.468 1.836 DAS. 2520: 4293 7a 330480 S61 She) SAL 7S Als) wales alsey/ 2.264 2.641 3.018 3.396 3.773 3.8 388 Ai” (63> 0.550 E938 ZS25) (2ala | SAQO WO ASS soe) 3.9 398 795), 12193) 1-591" 1989 25386) 1 22764) S582) 15!529) 3977. 4.0 408 SlGn wle2245 1632) 2040 2.447 2.855 3.263 3.671 4.079 (continued) SMITHSONIAN METEOROLOGICAL TABLES 202 TABLE 47 (CONCLUDED) CORRECTIONS TO REDUCE BAROMETRIC READINGS TO STANDARD GRAVITY TaBLE 47 B.—Values of 24% B, for use by ships at sea. Jo go = standard acceleration of gravity at sea level, 980.665 cm. sec.~* gs = acceleration of gravity at latitude ¢ and sea level. B= height of mercury column, corrected for temperature and instrumental errors. Corrections are to be applied according to indicated sign. (Correction is zero at latitude 45° 32’ 40”; positive poleward and negative equatorward of this latitude.) Inches Lati- tude 26 27 28 29 30 7) in. in. holy She in. 90° +, O67 +. on +.073 +.075 +.078 88 067 L072 075) 0278 86 (067 068 L072) BOTS) 207-7. 84 066 .068 .071 .074 .076 82 1065) 91067-88070) 2072)" 2075 80 +.063 +.066 +.068 +.071 +.073 78 061 .064 .066 .069 .071 76 059 .062 .064 .066 .068 74 057 .059 .061 .064 .066 72 054 .056 .058 .061 .063 70 =-+.051 +.053 +.055 +.057 +.059 68 -048) 52050) ©2052) ©.054. 2055 66 045 .046 .048 .050 .052 64 -041 .043 .044 .046 .047 62 037 .039 .040 .041 .043 60 -+.033 +.034 +.036 +.037 +.038 58 0295-0308 6.03109) .0325- 2033 56 1024-92025) "2026 4027 028 54 2020") 2023) 0215022) 2023 52 015 .016 .016 .017 .018 50 +.011 +.011 +.011 +.012 +.012 48 006 .006 .006 .007 .007 46 +4001 +.001 +.001 +.001 +.001 45 —.001 —.001 —.001 —.001 —.001 44 .004 .004 .004 .004 .004 42 .008 .009 .009 .009 .010 40 —.013 —.014 —.014 —.015 —.015 38 018.) 2019)" 2019 2020) .021 36 1022) 77.023" 2024 20257 (026 34 1027 2028) 2029) 203019, 20311 32 LOS 1.0336 1.034.) 5-030141,.036 30 —.036 —.037 —.038 —.040 —.041 28 -040 .041 .043 .044 .046 26 043 .045 .047 .048 .050 24 047 .049 .051 .053 .054 22 2051 520520054) 2056) 058 20 —.054 —.056 —.058 —.060 —.062 18 -057. .059 .061 .063 .065 16 -059 .062 .064 .066 .068 14 062 .064 .066 .069 .071 12 064 .066 .069 .071 .074 10 —.066 —.068 —.071 —.073 —.076 8 10675-0708 8.072, 20752 20772 6 (0680 7 Of Oson OOM n Oso) 4 10695 072062074: 1077-4 2080 2 070 .072 .075 .078 .080 0 —.070 —.072 —.075 —.078 —.080 SMITHSONIAN METEOROLOGICAL TABLES Height of the mercury column Millimeters 680 700 720 740 760 780 mm mm mm mm mm. mm. +1.76 +1.82 +1.87 +1.92 41.97 42.02 1276 LEST WGI EO 7 2102 1275 eS ON 11855 1 90R 195) 2200 1272) wees) Se8san MESS os 198 169) M174 LETS E84 189) 94 +1.65 +t 70 +h ge Ln 80 ad: 85 +1.90 1.61 .65 75 1.80 1.84 1255 r 60 1 a . ‘69 74> ALZS 149) UES Sry ESS ee 62 ard 66m lez U42S SAG yes One 154159 eos +1.34 +-1.38 +1.42 41.46 ste ae +1.54 1E2G6N 1229) les S 1637. 1.44 LZ 20 19248 1227 i a 1.34 lore valenl) alesis sles Paleo) 588} 0:97, S00) 12035, 120621208" 1. +0.86 +0.89 +0.91 +0.94 +0.97 +0.99 0.75 0.78 O.80 0.82 0.84 0.86 0.64 0.66 0.68 0.69 0.71 0.73 0252" 0:54" 10:55: (0357) (0!58)) 10:60 0.40 0.41 0.42 0.44 0.45 0.46 0.28 any ae +0.29 +0.30 +0.3 0.32 0.15 ON6eOl7 Os 7, > +. 18 +0.03 40:05 +0.03 +0.03 +0.03 +0.03 —0.03 —0.03 —0.04 —0.04 —0.04 —0.04 O10) TOMO) “OO 0710" Ont” TOsnT 01227) 5023) 0523) "0:24 5 5 0'25) 10:25 —0.35 —0.36 —0.37 —0.38 —0.39 —0.40 0.47 0.48 0.49 0.51 0.52 0.54 0.59 0.61 0.62 0.64 0.66 0.67 OF7A 505730 OF7 5 OF 77/029 OLS 0.82 0.84 0.87 0.89 0.92 0.94 —0.93 —0.96 —0.98 —1.01 —1.04 —1.07 12045 SUO7E MEO MATa eG e1es9 14) lel Ze ZO 24 lees) weds oO) 1523) 27, 1-30) 34. ese) eT 132) WUES6 S140 4448) 52 —1.41 —1.45 —1.49 —1.53 —1.57 —1.61 Vee Ye) aly ike ahvorey ald) E550 R6ON 1564169) 1k 73) e7s 167) MR66R E77 GSO) SIes5 167. Fe72e AZ S287 OL —1.72 —1.77 —1.82 —1.87 —1.92 —1.97 U75) BESTS 186) 1-91 96, 2201 U78. 1.84) 189), 1:94 21-99 2°05 eS" S67 1.9 2969 2102, 12:07 1382587 93) Si e210 32:09 —1.82 —1.88 —1.93 —1.98 —2.04 —2.09 Millibars 900 950 1000 1050 mb. mb. mb. mb. +2.33 +2.46 +2.59 ae a2 gas) 2246 2259 2530, “2:44: w2t57 o78 2.28 2.41 2.54 2.66 2:04 2:37 (2:49) 2:61 +2.19 42.31 +2.43 42.55 eae 2225 eon eae 2:05) 2:1 7-262:28)) 22-40 1:97= j2:08) 2519 2:30 1.88_ 1.98 -2.09 2.19 +1.78 +1.88 +1.97 +2.07 1566, 1276) 1S 5 eo 1255.6 1263 se le72) Aes 1-42 12500 eie5s8) 6S 1228" 1536) 91243" a-50 +1.14 +1.21 +1.27 +1.33 1:00) 1205) SIs iG 0.85 0.89 0.94 0.99 0.69 0.73 0.77 0.80 0.53 0.56 0.59 0.62 +0.37 +0.39 +0.41 -+0.43 0.20 0.21 0.23 0.24 +0.04 +0.04 +0.04 +0.04 —0.04 —0.05 —0.05 —0.05 Osis s0213> /Tm» for any A® can be found by a linear combination of values in Table 48 D for the given value of tmv. 4. Determine A®,2. corresponding to the pressure f2 from Table 48 B. 5. Find the algebraic difference (A®s2—A®To/Tmv). According to equation (6) 6 IN this difference is A®,:. . Enter Table 48 B with the value of A%,; found in step 5 as the tabular value. The corresponding argument is the reduced pressure /:. 7. Apply the plateau correction if pertinent. English units—For computing heights or reducing pressure when data are given in English or other systems of units, first convert to millibars, meters, and centigrade temperatures by means of conversion tables in Section I. ® Ferrel, Wm., Annual Report of the Chief Signal Officer of the Army, 1886, app. 23, Washington. See also reference 6. (continued) SMITHSONIAN METEOROLOGICAL TABLES 206 TABLE 48 (CONTINUED) DETERMINATION OF HEIGHT BY THE BAROMETER AND REDUCTION OF PRESSURE TO FIXED LEVELS Taste 48 A.—Correction for humidity C, used in determining tm» when reducing pressure to sea level Station Station dew-point temperature—°C. elevation —————— m. —28 —26 —24 —22 -—20 —18 -—16 —14 —12 —10 0 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.3 500 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.3 0.3 1000 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.3 0.4 1500 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.3 0.3 0.4 2000 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.2 0.2 0.3 0.3 0.4 0.5 2500 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.4 0.5 Station Station dew-point temperature—°C. elevation po ee m. —-§ -6 —-4 -2 2 4 6 8 10 0 Shiba 4 erat O15). seen O-G6is, 9 OF7 O:8i4i)OSidn 10), moli2uiianls 500 0.4 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 1.0 1.1 1S 185 1000 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 1.0 By 1.3 165 1.7 1500 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 il 1.2 1.4 1.6 1.9 2000 0.5 0.6 0.8 0.9 1.1 1.2 1.4 1.6 1.8 zal 2500 0.6 0.7 0.9 1.0 1E2 1.4 1.6 1.8 Za 2.4 Station Station dew-point temperature—°C. elevation os m. 12 14 16 18 20° 22 24 26 28 30 0 1.5 1.7 1.9 a2 25 2.8 oe 3.6 4.1 46 500 17, 1.9 2.2 2.5 2.8 32 3.6 4.0 4.6 5.1 1000 1.9 De, 225 2.8 3.2 3.6 4.0 4.6 Sel 5.8 1500 Del 2.4 2.8 3.1 3.6 4.0 4.6 Sal 5.8 6.5 2000 2.4 jaf Sul: 3.5 4.0 4.5 Ril 5.8 6.5 Ths) 2500 ZA oul 3.5 4.0 4.5 5.1 5.8 6.5 7.3. 8.2 (continued ) SMITHSONIAN METEOROLOGICAL TABLES TABLE 48 (CONTINUED) 207 DETERMINATION OF HEIGHT BY THE BAROMETER AND REDUCTION OF PRESSURE TO FIXED LEVELS Pressure mb. 0 TABLE 48 B.—Values of 67.442 Tolog 0 1 2 3 4 56030.1 50484.3 47240.3 44938.6 37607.6 36845.0 36148.8 35508.4 34915.5 32061.8 31671.5 31299.3 30943.6 30603.1 28817.8 28555.4 28301.4 28055.2 27816.4 26516.1 26318.5 26125.7 25937.5 25753.5 24730.8 24572.3 24417.0 24264.6 24115.0 23272.1 23139.8 23009.7 22881.7 22755.7 22038.7 21925.3 21813.3 21703.0 21594.1 20970.4 20871.0 20772.8 20675.8 20580.0 20028.0 19939.6 19852.2 19765.7 19680.1 19185.1 19105.4 19026.6 18948.6 18871.3 18422.5 18350.1 18278.3 18207.2 18136.7 17726.3 17659.9 17594.1 17528.8 17464.0 17085.9 17024.6 16963.8 16903.4 16843.5 16493.0 16436.1 16379.5 16323.4 16267.6 15941.0 15887.9 15835.0 15782.6 15730.5 15424.7 15374.8 15325.3 15276.0 15227.1 14939.6 14892.7 14846.0 14799.7 14753.5 14482.3 14438.0 14393.9 14350.1 14306.5 14049.7 14007.7 13965.9 13924.4 13883.0 13639.3 13599.4 13559.7 13520.2 13480.9 13249.0 13211.0 13173.1 13135.5 13098.0 12876.8 12840.5 12804.4 12768.4 12732.6 12521.1 12486.4 12451.9 12417.4 12383.2 12180.6 12147.3 12114.2 12081.2 12048.4 11854.0 11822.1 11790.3 11758.6 11727.0 11540.2 11509.5 11478.9 11448.4 11418.1 11238.3 11208.7 11179.2 11149.9 11120.6 10947.3 10918.8 10890.3 10862.0 10833.8 10666.5 10639.0 10611.5 10584.2 10556.9 10395.3 10368.7 10342.1 10315.7 10289.3 5 6 7 8 9 43153.3 41694.6 40461.2 39392.9 38450.5 34363.5 33847.2 33362.1 32904.8 32472.2 30276.5 29962.7 29660.8 29369.8 29089.0 27584.5 27359.1 27139.9 26926.5 26718.7 25573.7 25397.9 25225.8 25057.4 24892.4 23968.2 23824.1 23682.5 23543.3 23406.5 22631.7 22509.5 22389.2 22270.7 22153.9 21486.7 21380.8 21276.2 21172.9 21071.0 20485.3 20391.8 20299.3 20207.8 20117.4 19595.4 19511.7 19428.8 19346.7 19265.5 18794.7 18718.9 18643.7 18569.3 18495.6 18066.9 17997.6 17928.9 17860.8 17793.3 17399.7 17336.0 17272.7 17210.0 17147.7 16784.0 16724.9 16666.3 16608.1 16550.4 16212.3 16157.3 16102.7 16048.4 15994.5 15678.7 15627.2 15576.1 15525.3 15474.8 15178.5 15130.1 15082.1 15034.3 14986.8 14707.7 14662.1 146016.8 14571.7 14526.9 14263.1 14220.0 14177.1 14134.4 14091.9 13841.9 13801.0 13760.3 13719.7 13679.4 13441.8 13402.8 13364.1 13325.5 13287.2 13060.7 13023.6 12986.6 12949.8 12913.2 12697.0 12661.5 12626.2 12591.0 12556.0 12349.1 12315.1 12281.3 12247.6 12214.0 12015.6 11983.1 11950.6 11918.3 11886.1 11695.6 11664.3 11633.1 11602.0 11571.0 11387.8 11357.7 11327.7 11297.7 11267.9 11091.5 11062.4 11033.5 11004.6 10975.9 10805.7 10777.7 10749.7 10721.9 10694.2 10529.8 10502.7 10475.7 10448.8 10422.0 10263.0 10236.9 10210.7 10184.7 10158.8 10132.9 10107.2 10081.5 10055.9 10030.4 10004.9 9979.6 9954.3 9929.1 9904.0 9878.9 9854.0 9829.1 9804.3 9779.5 9754.9 9730.3 9705.8 9681.4 9657.0 9632.7 9608.5 9584.4 9560.3 9536.3 9512.4 9488.6 9464.8 9441.1 9417.5 9393.9 9370.4 9347.0 9323.6 9300.3 9277.1 9253.9 9230.8 9207.8 9184.9 9162.0 9139.1 9116.4 9093.7 9071.0 9048.5 9026.0 9003.5 8981.1 8958.8 8936.6 8914.4 8892.2 8870.2 8848.2 8826.2 8804.3 8782.5 8760.7 8739.0 8717.4 8695.8 8674.2 8652.8 8631.3 8610.0 8588.7 8567.4 8546.2 8525.1 8504.0 8483.0 8462.0 8441.1 8420.2 8399.4 8378.7 8358.0 8337.3 8316.7 8296.2 8275.7 8255.2 8234.9 8214.5 8194.2 8174.0 8153.8 8133.7 8113.6 8093.6 8073.6 8053.7 8033.8 8014.0 7994.2 7974.5 7954.8 7935.2 7915.6 7896.0 7876.6 7857.1 7837.7 7818.4 7799.1 7779.8 7760.6 7741.4 7722.3 7703.2 7684.2 7665.2 7646.3 7627.4 7608.6 7589.8 7571.0 7552.3 7533.6 7515.0 7496.4 7477.9 7459.4 7440.9 7422.5 7404.1 7385.8 7367.5 7349.3 7331.0 7312.9 7294.8 7276.7 7258.6 7240.6 7222.7 7204.8 7186.9 7169.0 7151.2 7133.5 7115.8 7098.1 7080.4 7062.8 7045.3 7027.8 7010.3 6992.8 6975.4 6958.0 6940.7 6923.4 6906.1 6888.9 6871.7 6854.6 6837.5 6820.4 6803.3 6786.3 6769.4 6752.4 6735.5 6718.7 6701.8 6685.1 6668.3 6651.6 6634.9 6618.2 6601.6 6585.0 6568.5 6552.0 6535.5 6519.1 6502.6 6486.3 6469.9 6453.6 6437.3 6421.1 6404.9 6388.7 6372.5 6356.4 6340.4 6324.3 6308.3 6292.3 6276.3 6260.4 6244.5 6228.7 6212.8 6197.0 6181.3 6165.5 6149.8 6134.2 6118.5 6102.9 6087.3 6071.8 6056.3 6040.8 6025.3 6009.9 5994.5 5979.1 5963.8 5948.5 5933.2 5917.9 5902.7 5887.5 5872.3 5857.2 5842.1 5827.0 5812.0 5796.9 5781.9 5767.0. 5752:0 5737.1 *5722:2 5707.4 5692.5 5677.7 5663.0 5648.2 5633.5 5618.8 5604.1 5589.5 5574.9 5560.3 (continued) SMITHSONIAN METEOROLOGICAL TABLES 208 TABLE 48 (CONTINUED) DETERMINATION OF HEIGHT BY THE BAROMETER AND REDUCTION OF PRESSURE TO FIXED LEVELS Pressure mb. 0 550) | 554527 560 5401.6 570 5260.0 580 5120.8 590 4984.0 600 4849.6 610 4717.3 620 4587.2 630 4459.2 640 4333.2 650 4209.2 660 4087.0 670 3966.7 680 3848.2 690 3731.4 700 3616.2 ZO) eS502:8 720 =. 3390.8 730 © 3280.5 740" "3171-6 750 3064.2 760 =. 2958.3 LAD) 2O00:4 780 =. 2750.4 790 2648.5 800 2547.9 810 2448.5 820 2350.3 830 2253.3 840 = 2157.5 850 2062.8 860 1969.3 870 1876.8 880 1785.3 890 1694.9 900 1605.5 SOP MUSA 920 1429.7 930 1343.2 940 1257.6 950 1172.9 960 1089.2 970 1006.3 980 924.2 990 843.0 1000 762.6 1010 682.9 1020 604.1 1030 526.1 1040 448.8 1050 S122 1060 296.4 1070 221.2 1 5531.2 5387.3 5245.9 5107.0 4970.5 4836.2 4704.2 4574.3 4446.5 4320.7 4196.9 4074.9 3954.8 3836.4 3719.8 3604.8 3491.5 3379.7 3269.5 3160.8 3053.6 2947.7 2843.3 2740.2 2638.4 2537.9 2438.6 2340.6 2243.7 2148.0 2053.4 1960.0 1867.6 1776.2 1685.9 1596.6 1508.3 1421.0 1334.6 1249.1 1164.5 1080.8 998.0 916.0 834.9 754.6 675.0 596.3 518.3 441.1 364.6 288.8 213.8 TABLE 48 B.—Values of 67.442 To log —— 2 5516.7 5373.0 5231.9 5093.3 4957.0 4822.9 4691.1 4561.5 4433.8 4308.2 4184.6 4062.8 3942.8 3824.7 3708.2 3593.4 3480.2 3368.7 3258.6 3150.0 3042.9 2937.2 2832.9 2730.0 2628.3 2527.9 2428.8 2330.8 2234.1 2138.5 2044.0 1950.7 1858.4 1767.2 1677.0 1587.8 1499.6 1412.3 1326.0 1240.6 1156.1 1072.5 989.8 907.9 826.8 746.6 667.1 588.4 510.5 433.4 357.0 281.3 206.3 3 5502.2 5358.8 5218.0 5079.5 4943.5 4809.7 4678.1 4586.6 4421.2 4295.8 4172.3 4050.7 3930.9 3812.9 3696.6 3582.0 3469.0 3357.6 3247.7 3139.3 3032.3 2926.7 2822.6 2719.7 2618.2 2517.9 2418.9 Z3Zi1 2224.5 2129.0 2034.6 1941.4 1849.2 1758.1 1668.0 1578.9 1490.8 1403.6 1317.4 1232.1 1147.7 1064.2 981.5 899.7 818.8 738.6 659.2 580.6 502.8 425.7 349.4 273.7 198.8 SMITHSONIAN METEOROLOGICAL TABLES 4 5487.7 5344.6 5204.0 5065.8 4930.0 4796.4 4665.0 4535.8 4408.6 4283.4 4160.1 4038.7 39198 3801.2 3685.1 3570.6 3457.8 3346.5 3236.8 3128.5 3021.7 2916.3 2812.2 2709.5 2608.1 2508.0 2409.1 2311.4 2214.9 2119.5 2025.3 1932.1 1840.1 1749.0 1659.0 1570.0 1482.0 1395.0 1308.8 1223.6 1139.3 1055.9 973.3 891.6 810.7 730.6 651.3 572.8 495.1 418.0 341.8 266.2 191.4 (continued) 5 5473.3 5330.4 5190.1 5052.1 4916.5 4783.2 4652.0 4523.0 4396.0 4270.9 4147.9 4026.6 3907.2 3789.5 3673.6 3559.3 3446.6 3335.5 3225.9 3117.8 3011.1 2905.8 2801.9 2699.3 2598.0 2498.0 2399.3 2301.7 2205.3 2110.0 2015.9 1922.9 1830.9 1740.0 1650.1 1561.2 1473.3 1386.3 1300.3 1215.2 1130.9 1047.6 965.1 883.5 802.7 feo 643.4 565.0 487.3 410.4 334.2 258.7 183.9 6 5458.9 5316.3 5176.2 5038.5 4903.1 4770.0 4639.0 4510.2 4383.4 4258.5 4135.6 4014.6 3895.4 3777.9 3662.1 3548.0 3435.4 3324.5 3215.0 3107.0 3000.5 2895.4 2791.6 2689.1 2588.0 2488.1 2389.4 2292.0 2105:7 2100.6 2006.6 1913.6 1821.8 1731.0 1641.2 1552.4 1464.5 1377.7 1291.7 1206.7 1122.6 1039.3 956.9 875.4 794.6 714.7 635.6 1100 p 7 5444.5 5302.2 5162.3 5024.8 4889.7 4756.8 4626.0 4497.4 4370.8 4246.2 4123.5 4002.6 3883.5 3766.2 3650.6 3536.6 3424.3 3313.4 3204.1 3096.3 2989.9 2884.9 2781.3 2679.0 2977.9 2478.2 2379.6 2282.3 2186.1 2091.1 1997.2 1904.4 1812.6 1721.9 1632.2 1543.5 1455.8 1369.0 1283.2 1198.2 1114.2 1031.0 948.7 867.2 786.6 706.7 627.7 549.4 471.9 395.1 319.0 243.7 169.1 8 5430.2 5288.1 5148.4 5011.2 4876.3 4743.6 4613.1 4484.6 4358.2 4233.8 4111.3 3990.6 3871.7 3754.6 3639.1 3525.3 3413.1 3302.4 3193.3 3085.6 2979.4 2874.5 2771.0 2668.8 2567.9 2468.3 2369.9 2272.6 2176.6 2081.7 1987.9 1895.2 1803.5 1712.9 1623.3 1534.7 1447.1 1360.4 1274.7 1189.8 1105.9 1022.8 940.5 859.1 778.6 698.8 619.8 541.6 464.2 387.5 311.5 236.2 161.6 TABLE 48 (CONTINUED) 209 DETERMINATION OF HEIGHT BY THE BAROMETER AND REDUCTION OF PRESSURE TO FIXED LEVELS TABLE 48 C.—Values of (me (A®s2 — A®,;) 0 (A®,, — A®,,)—geopotential meters ~~ ~ 2 s eC. 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 §=800 900 1000 2000 3000 0 OV OOM OOK: OO)'0:05 ero CO O05) COs) O08) 0:0) 0:0 1 Ooi 0.750 Ee 1.5 US Wineee ZO LOMe SO SAAN peo NWO 2 OIE IES Rh Zeca h ZN Soe ued Sul! Donn OlOme fee7 AO) BeeZ0 3 1.1 ZO Seite Soh Oo) 4G Lhe 88a) DOA ALO 8 220° BF32'9 4 TVG ZO IATL SOW) 7.3: RSS LOS) LUZ 132, 14Get 29.3 1543:9 5 POI S72 BE SIS ZS 9:2" BAO 12.8 146 165 183 366 549 6 Zia FAro 6.6%) 8:855)11.0) 15:2 £5425 17:63) 19.8: 22,0) 43:9 65.9 7 201 Sel D7 1030" 12.8 U5i4 R7Sie 20.Sen ZoA0 i, 25.0) 53. ec OO 8 ZOrES SOS SB lye 14.6 PAG Z0e Zoo 2040» 29°3)7 158.611 687.9 9 Sein OLGPRL FOSS (13.2507 16.5. M1918 Zo 2OAWS 29:70 32.91% 65.9) 998.8 10 See ero LO! VE 1AG) 2) 18.3. 22:0 2018 29.00 (92.9) 300) 9 75-2 109:8 11 MOLE eb vel ayy 16HlY | e200 W242 28.2) oLe) 30:2.) 40:37 80:5) -120:8 12 BA SOP a1S.2. 117.6. 22.0 26:4 SUIS i SOL 3950 43.01% 87:9 HIS L8 13 ASM NSO I4. 3 191015 23.8) Z86 33.3 381 428 476 95.2 1428 14 5LPERLO B30) S154 5 20/58125.6. 7.3038 S59 ALON A600 S134102:5 4153.8 15 Spee) On O25) £2209) 527.5329 38.4 43.9 494 549 109.8 164.7 16 Hee LUE e ni 760" 23.4001 29.3 71. 35e1 ALON 46:98) 5227 SB:6. 117 ML 5:7 17 OterIZ Ae ie 24 OT SLT S73 43.6 498 560 622 124.5 186.7 18 Gone LS2rae 19890 k 26:45) 952.9" 9, 395 AGAPN -S2ien 3953) (09.9) HI31.8) S1977 19 TOMASO 209278) 834.8 W4h7 48.7 55.6 626 69.6 139.1 208.7 20 Prove SO 22.0 2955) 5690.0" 43.9 S123) 08.008 (65:9). 73.2" 146.4, (Z1917, 21 TA OMASAND 20) E508) 38.4 7 4641 53:0 fOl-) 6912") 76.999 153.8) 123016 22 SACw LON st 424.20 32:2 40.3 48:3 56.4 644 72.5 80.5 161.1 241.6 23 Save 0.5G25.3) ) 33:7 24251. 9.505 98.9 674 758 842 1684 252.6 24 S18 017.6 $3.26:49) 535.1 > 43.9 * 52.7 GS) 701318 79518 87:9. 175.7 2263.6 25 OPW 1WSisiee27 5: ' 36.6 745.8 +549 64.1 73.2 824 91.5 183.0 2746 26 D150 1910 528-6) “2381/2 47.6° OrS7.1 06.6) t76:17%)'85:7)* 95:2" 190:4. 1285.5 27 OI TIGS Ou 297. 739.5% 149.4 25953 69:27 7950)" 89.0% 98:89..197.7 °296:5 28 10:3. 20.5 NSU) 41:01 51.3 5/615 7UBht 102.05.) 92:3) | 102:548205.0 1307-5 29 LOG EAs 5188) a 4259905 53.1, 63:7 743° 849 95.5 106.2 212.3 318.5 30 TOR eaz2Olme S29) 43190054. 9 965.9 76.9 879 988 109.8 219.7 329.5 31 PGR ZZ 7a SHO 4a O07" 1 OGck 794217908 10207 113:5 5227.0 340.5 32 DZS As er Sale 46.9) 98:0 1 4055 82.0% 2 93.7.)°105.4 117-1) 254.3) (351-4 33 TQS Z24.2y a o01e (48:3) 660.4" «72:5 84.6 96.6 108.7 120.8 241.6 362.4 34 12.4 249 373 498 622 74.7 87.1 99.6 112.0 124.5 248.9 373.4 35 IA Sip ecoOrewse4 woleg\ 504.0, \ 709 89.7 102.5 115.3 128.1 256.3 384.4 36 2 WeZO ew S99, hoary 600.9 791 92.3 105.4 118.6 131.8 263.6 395.4 37 150s e27lese40.Gr 5428" (67.7 9 813 94.8 108.4 121.9 135.5 270.9 406.4 38 13:9) 927.8" \41.7. 955.6 69.6 + .83:5 OT AMIULILSN 125.257 139510278:2 VATS 39 LATS SE 28 i6tN 42 8 ON S/o 71.4 § 85:7 99.9 114.2 128.5 142.8 285.5 428.3 40 14560, 29:3) 443942586." 173.2 87.9 102.5 117.1 131.8 146.4 292.9 439.3 41 15.0 30.0 450 600 750 90.1 105.1 120.1 135.1 150.1 300.2 450.3 42 154M 3018) S46 GUS 76.9" | 9253 107.6 123.0 1384 153.8 307.5 461.3 43 ISAS 472. 6310) 4.78.7 94.5 110.2 125.9 141.7 157.4 3148 472.3 44 16.1 322 483 644 80.5 96.6 112.8 128.9 145.0 161.1 322.2 483.2 45 16.5 329 494 659 824 98.8 115.3 131.8 148.3 164.7 329.5 494.2 46 16:8) (893.75 (50:5) 1867.4. '084.2) 101-0 117.9 134.7 151.6 1684 336.8 505.2 47 17.2 344 516 688 86.0 1032 120.4 137.6 154.9 172.1 344.1 516.2 48 PHONY So 152.7) 0 7013s 87.9 T1054 123.0 140.6 158.1 175.7 351.4 527.2 49 179, BROWN SSBhG a 7 LS 89.7 107.6 125.6 143.5 161.4 179.4 358.8 538.1 50 TES SOG V54G) 73:2) 915 109:8 128.1 1464 164.7 183.0 366.1 549.1 (continued) SMITHSONIAN METEOROLOGICAL TABLES 210 TABLE 48 (CONTINUED) DETERMINATION OF HEIGHT BY THE BAROMETER AND REDUCTION OF PRESSURE TO FIXED LEVELS 55 20.1 40.3 56 20.5 41.0 57 20.9 41.7 58 22, 42:5 59 21.6 43.2 60 22.0 43.9 61 22.3 44.7 62 22.7 45.4 63 23.1. 46.1 64 23.4 46.9 65 23.8 47.6 66 24.2 48.3 67 24.5 49.1 68 24.9 49.8 TABLE 48 C.—Values of fon Ni o BOOS CroC Ie G00 909 Go SS COON CAE 2 IN ONO) SIR ONS Cos SH CORPAN NWOaWoO PiOoMoOM NI nr N = 5 75.8 10 76.9 102. 79.1 105.4 81.3 108. 82.4 109.8 83.5 111.3 84.6 112.8 85.7 114.2 86.8 115.7 87.9 117.1 89.0 118.6 90.1 120.1 OU20212125 92.3 123.0 93.4 124.5 94.5 125.9 95.5 127.4 96.6 128.9 97.7 130.3 98.8 131.8 99.9 133.3 101.0 134.7 102.1 136.2 103.2 137.6 104.3. 139.1 105.4 140.6 106.5 142.0 107.6 143.5 108.7 145.0 109.8 146.4 onInNI SO 00 Nor © —o— as SR _ Ne) SMITHSONIAN METEOROLOGICAL TABLES T 2 (A®s2 — A®s1) (A®,, — A®,,)—geopotential meters 500 91.5 93.4 95.2 97.0 98.8 100.7 102.5 104.3 106.2 108.0 109.8 Le? 113.5 11553 117.1 119.0 120.8 122.6 124.5 126.3 128.1 130.0 131.8 133.6 135.5 137.3 139.1 140.9 142.8 144.6 146.4 148.3 150.1 151.9 153.8 155.6 157.4 159.2 161.1 162.9 164.7 166.6 168.4 170.2 172.1 173.9 175.7 177.6 179.4 181.2 183.0 (continued ) 600 109.8 112.0 114.2 116.4 118.6 120.8 123.0 125.2 127.4 129.6 131.8 134.0 136.2 138.4 140.6 142.8 219.7 700 128.1 130.7 133.3 135.8 138.4 140.9 143.5 146.1 148.6 151.2 153.8 156.3 158.9 161.4 164.0 166.6 169.1 171.7 174.3 176.8 179.4 181.9 184.5 187.1 189.6 192.2 194.8 197.3 1993 202.4 205.0 207.6 210.1 212.7 215.3 217.8 220.4 222.9 225.5 228.1 230.6 233.2 235.8 238.3 240.9 243.4 246.0 248.6 291.1 253.7 256.3 800 146.4 149.4 152.3 155.2 158.1 161.1 900 164.7 168.0 171.3 174.6 177.9 181.2 184.5 187.8 1901 194.4 197.7 201.0 204.3 207.6 210.9 214.2 217.5 220.7 224.0 2273 230.6 233.9 2372 240.5 243.8 247.1 250.4 Zo3sd 257.0 260.3 263.6 266.9 270.2 273.5 276.8 280.1 283.4 286.6 289.9 293.2 296.5 299.8 303.1 306.4 309.7 313.0 316.3 319.6 322.9 326.2 329.5 1000 183.0 186.7 190.4 194.0 197.7 201.3 205.0 208.7 212.3 216.0 219.7 223.3 227.0 230.6 234.3 238.0 241.6 1043.3 1054.3 1065.3 1076.3 1087.3 1098.3 -TABLE 48 (CONTINUED) 211 DETERMINATION OF HEIGHT BY THE BAROMETER AND REDUCTION OF cc. 100 200 300 —100 157.8 315.5 473.2 — 99 156.8 313.7 470.5 — 98 155.9 311.9 467.8 — 97 155.1 310.1 465.2 — %6 154.2 308.4 462.6 — 95 153.3 306.6 460.0 — 94 152.5 304.9 457.4 — 93 151.6 303.2 454.9 — 92 150.8 301.6 452.4 ell 150.0 299.9 449.9 — 90 149.1 298.3 447.4 — 89 148.3 296.7 445.0 — 88 147.5 295.1 442.6 — 87 146.7 293.5 440.2 — 86 146.0 291.9 437.8 — 85 145.2 290.3 435.5 — 84 144.4 288.8 433.2 — 83 143.6 287.3 430.9 — 8&2 142.9 285.8 428.7 — 81 142.2 284.3 426.5 — 80 141.4 282.8 424.2 — 79 140.7 281.4 422.1 — 78 140.0 279.9 419.9 — 77 139.3 278.5 4178 — 76 138.5 277.1 415.6 — 75 137.8 275.7 413.5 — 74 137.2 274.3 411.5 — 73 136.5 272.9 409.4 — 72 135.8 271.6 407.4 — 71 135.1 270.2 405.4 — 70 134.5 268.9 403.4 — 69 133.8 267.6 401.4 — 68 133.1 266.3 399.4 — 67 132:5 265.0 397.5 00 131.9 263.7 395.6 — 65 131:2262:5 393.7 — 64 130.6 261.2 391.8 — 63 130.0 260.0 389.9 — 62 129.4 258.7 388.1 — 61 128.8 257.5 386.3 — 60 128.1 256.3 384.4 — 59 127.5 255.1 382.6 — 58 127.0 253.9 380.9 — 57 126.4 252.7 379.1 — 56 125.8 251.6 377.4 — 55 125.2 250.4 375.6 — 54 124.6 249.3 373.9 — 53 124.1 248.1 372.2 — 52 123.5 247.0 370.5 — 51 123.0 245.9 368.9 — 50 122.4 244.8 367.2 PRESSURE TO FIXED LEVELS TaBLe 48 D.—Values of A®To/T' mv 400 631.0 627.4 623.8 620.3 616.8 613.3 609.9 606.5 603.1 599.8 596.5 593.3 590.1 586.9 583.8 580.7 577.6 574.6 571.6 568.6 565.7 SMITHSONIAN METEOROLOGICAL TABLES 500 788.8 Aé—geopotential meters 600 700 946.5 1104.2 941.1 1097.9 935.7 1091.6 930.4 1085.4 925.1 1079.3 919.9 1073.3 914.8 1067.3 909.7 1061.3 904.7 1055.5 899.7 1049.7 894.8 1044.0 890.0 1038.3 885.2 1032.7 880.4 1027.1 875.7 1021.6 871.0 1016.2 866.4 1010.8 861.9 1005.5 857.4 1000.3 852.9 995.1 848.5 989.9 844.1 984.8 839.8 979.8 835.5 974.8 831.3 969.8 827.1 964.9 822.9 960.1 818.8 955.3 814.8 950.5 810.7 945.8 806.7 941.2 802.8 936.6 798.9 932.0 795.0 927.5 791.2 923.0 787.4 918.6 783.6 914.2 779.9 909.8 776.2 905.5 Ves 901.3 768.9 897.0 765.3 892.8 761.7 888.7 758.2 884.6 754.7 880.5 751.3 876.5 747.8 872.5 744.4 868.5 741.1 864.6 737.7 860.7 734.4 856.8 (continued) 800 1262.0 1254.8 1247.6 1240.5 1233.5 1226.6 1219.7 1213.0 1206.3 1199.6 T1931 1186.6 1180.2 1173.9 1167.6 1161.4 1155:3 1149.2 1143.2 1137.2 VISIS 1125.5 1119.7 1114.0 1108.4 1102.8 1097.2 1091.8 1086.3 1081.0 1075.6 1070.4 1065.2 1060.0 1054.9 1049.8 1044.8 1039.8 1034.9 1030.0 1025.2 900 1419.8 1411.6 1403.5 1395.6 1387.7 1379.9 1372.2 1364.6 1357.1 1349.6 1342.2 1335.0 1524.7 1320.6 1313.6 1306.6 1299.7 1292.8 1286.1 1279.4 1272.7 1266.2 1259.7 125303 1246.9 1240.6 1234.4 1228.2 1222.1 1216.1 1210.1 1204.2 1198.3 1192.5 1186.7 1181.0 1175.4 1169.8 1164.3 1158.8 H153:3 1147.9 1142.6 1137.3 1132.1 1126.9 1121.8 1116.7 1111.6 1106.6 1101.6 1000 1577.5 1568.4 1559.5 1550.6 1541.9 1533.2 1524.7 1516.2 1507.8 1499.6 1491.4 1483.3 1475.3 1467.3 1459.5 1451.7 1444.1 1436.5 1429.0 1421.5 1414.2 1406.9 1399.7 1392.5 1385.5 1378.5 1371.6 1364.7 1357.9 1351.2 1344.6 1338.0 1331.4 1325.0 1318.6 1312.3 1306.0 1299.8 1293.6 1287.5 1281.5 1275.5 1269.6 1263.7 1257.9 1252.1 1246.4 1240.7 1235.1 1229.6 1224.0 2000 3155.0 3136.9 3119.0 3101.3 3083.8 3066.5 3049.3 3032.4 3015.7 2999.1 2982.7 2966.6 2950.5 2934.7 2919.0 2903.5 2888.1 2872.9 2857.9 2843.0 2828.3 2813.8 2799.3 2785.1 2770.9 2757.0 2743.1 2729.4 2715.8 2702.4 2689.1 2675.9 2662.9 2650.0 2637.2 2624.5 2612.0 2599.5 2587.2 2575.0 2563.0 2551.0 2539.1 2527.4 2515.7 2504.2 2492.8 2481.5 2470.2 2459.1 2448.1 3000 4732.5 4705.3 4678.5 4651.9 4625.6 4599.7 4574.0 4548.6 4523.5 4498.7 4474.1 4449.8 4425.8 4402.0 4378.5 4355.2 4332.2 4309.4 4286.9 4264.6 4242.5 4220.6 4199.0 4177.6 4156.4 4135.4 4114.7 4094.1 4073.8 4053.6 4033.7 4013.9 3994.4 3975.0 3955.8 3936.8 3918.0 3899.3 3880.9 3862.6 3844.4 3826.5 3808.7 3791.1 3773.6 3756.3 3739.2 SV Palen 3705.4 3688.7 3672.2 212 TABLE 48 (CONTINUED) DETERMINATION OF HEIGHT BY THE BAROMETER AND REDUCTION OF *C: 100 —50 122.4 —49 121.9 —48 121.3 —47 120.8 —46 120.2 —45 119.7 —44 119.2 —43 118.7 —42 118.2 —41 117.7 —40 PU7.2 —39 116.7 —38 116.2 —37 115.7 —36 mS.2 —35 114.7 —34 114.2 —33 193.7 —32 113.3 —31 112.8 —30 112.3 —29 111.9 —28 111.4 —27 111.0 —26 110.5 —25 110.1 —24 109.6 —23 109.2 —22 108.8 —21 108.3 —20 107.9 —19 107.5 —18 107.1 —17 106.6 —16 106.2 —15 105.8 —14 105.4 —13 105.0 —12 104.6 —11 104.2 —10 103.8 —9 103.4 — 8 103.0 —7 102.6 — 6 102.2 —5 101.9 — 4 101.5 —3 101.1 —2 100.7 —1 100.4 0 100.0 200 244.8 243.7 242.6 241.6 240.5 239.4 238.4 237.4 236.3 235.3 234.3 233.3 232.3 231.3 230.4 229.4 228.4 227.5 226.5 225.6 224.7 223.8 222.8 221.9 221.0 220.1 219:3 218.4 217.5 216.7 215.8 215.0 214.1 213i3 212.4 211.6 210.8 210.0 209.2 208.4 207.6 206.8 206.0 205.3 204.5 203.7 203.0 202.2 201.5 200.7 200.0 300 367.2 365.6 364.0 362.3 360.8 359.2 357.6 356.0 354.5 353.0 351.5 350.0 348.5 347.0 345.5 344.1 342.6 341.2 339.8 338.4 337.0 335.6 334.3 332.9 331.6 330.2 328.9 327.6 326.3 325.0 S24 322.4 321.2 319.9 318.7 317.4 316.2 315.0 313.8 312.6 311.4 310.2 309.1 307.9 306.7 305.6 304.5 303.3 302.2 301.1 300.0 PRESSURE TO FIXED LEVELS TasBlLe 48 D.—Values of A®To/T' mo 400 489.6 487.4 485.3 483.1 481.0 478.9 476.8 474.7 472.7 470.6 468.6 466.6 464.6 462.7 460.7 458.8 456.9 455.0 453.1 451.2 449.4 447.5 445.7 443.9 442.1 440.3 438.5 436.8 435.0 433.3 431.6 429.9 428.2 426.5 424.9 423.2 421.6 420.0 418.4 416.8 415.2 413.6 412.1 410.5 409.0 407.5 405.9 404.4 403.0 401.5 400.0 SMITHSONIAN METEOROLOGICAL TABLES 500 612.0 609.3 606.6 603.9 601.2 598.6 596.0 593.4 590.8 588.3 585.8 583.3 580.8 578.3 575.9 573-0 574 568.7 566.3 564.0 561.7 559.4 557.1 554.8 552.6 550.4 548.2 546.0 543.8 541.6 539.5 537.4 535.3 533.2 531°1 529.0 527.0 525.0 523.0 521.0 519.0 517.0 slo 513.2 511.2 509.3 507.4 505.6 503.7 501.8 500.0 Ab—geopotential meters 600 734.4 W352 727.9 724.7 721.5 718.3 715.2 as: 709.0 706.0 702.9 699.9 697.0 694.0 691.1 688.2 685.3 682.4 679.6 676.8 674.0 600.0 (continued) 700 856.8 853.0 849.2 845.5 841.8 838.1 834.4 830.8 827.2 823.6 820.1 816.6 813.1 809.7 806.3 802.9 799.5 796.2 792.9 789.6 786.4 783.1 779.9 776.8 773.6 770.5 800 979.2 974.9 970.5 966.3 962.0 957.8 953.6 949.5 945.4 941.3 937.2 933.2 929.3 925.3 921.4 917.6 913.7 900 1101.6 1096.7 1091.9 1087.0 1082.2 1077.5 1072.8 1068.1 1063.5 1058.9 1054.4 1049.9 1045.4 1041.0 1036.6 1032.3 1027.9 1023.7 1019.4 1015.2 1011.0 1006.9 1002.8 998.7 994.7 990.7 1000 1224.0 1218.6 1213.2 1207.8 1202.5 1197.2 1192.0 1186.8 1181.7 1176.6 1171.6 1166.6 1161.6 1156.7 1151.8 1147.0 1142.2 1137.4 1132.7 1128.0 1123.4 1118.8 1114.2 1109.7 1105.2 1100.7 1096.3 1091.9 1087.6 1083.3 1079.0 1074.8 1070.5 1066.4 1062.2 1058.1 1054.0 1050.0 1046.0 1042.0 1038.0 1034.1 1030.2 1026.3 1022.5 1018.6 1014.9 1011.1 1007.4 1003.7 1000.0 2000 2448.1 2437.2 2426.4 2415.6 2405.0 2394.5 2384.0 2373.7 2363.4 2353.2 2343.1 2333.1 2323.2 2313.3 2303.6 2293.9 2284.3 2274.8 2265.4 2256.0 2246.8 2237.5 2228.4 2219.4 2210.4 2201.5 2192.6 2183.9 2175.2 2166.6 2158.0 2149.5 2141.1 2132.7 2124.4 2116.2 2108.0 2099.9 2091.9 2083.9 2076.0 2068.1 2060.3 2052.6 2044.9 2037.3 2029.7 2022.2 2014.8 2007.3 2000.0 3000 3672.2 3655.8 3639.5 3623.5 3607.5) 3591.7 3576.0 3560.5 3545.1 3529.8 3514.7 3499.6 3484.8 3470.0 3455.4 3440.9 3426.5 3412.2 3398.1 3384.0 3370.1 3356.3 3342.6 3329.0 3315.6 3302.2 3289.0 3275.8 3262.8 3249.8 3237.0 3224.3 3211.6 3199.1 3186.7 3174.3 3162.1 3149.9 3137.8 3125.9 3114.0 3102.2 3090.5 3078.9 3067.4 3056.0 3044.6 3033.3 3022.1 3011.0 3000.0 TABLE 48 (CONCLUDED) 213 DETERMINATION OF HEIGHT BY THE BAROMETER AND REDUCTION OF PRESSURE TO FIXED LEVELS Taste 48 D.—Values of A®To/T' me A&—geopotential meters sc. 100 §©200 0 100.0 200.0 1 99.6 199.3 99.3 198.5 98.9 197.8 98.6 197.1 2 3 4 5 98.2 196.4 6 97.9 195.7 7 8 9 30 90.1 180.2 31 89.8 179.6 32 89.5 179.0 33 89.2 178.4 34 88.9 177.9 35 88.6 177.3 36 88.4 176.7 37 88.1 176.1 38 87.8 175.6 39 87.5 175.0 40 87.2 174.5 41 86.9 173.9 42 86.7 173.3 43 86.4 172.8 44 86.1 172.3 45 85.9 171.7 46 85.6 171.2 85.3 300 300.0 298.9 297.8 296.7 295.7 294.6 293.6 292.5 291.5 290.4 289.4 288.4 287.4 286.4 285.4 284.4 283.4 400 400.0 398.5 397.1 395.7 394.2 392.8 391.4 390.0 388.6 387.2 385.9 SMITHSONIAN METEOROLOGICAL TABLES 500 500.0 498.2 496.4 494.6 492.8 491.0 489.3 487.5 485.8 484.0 482.3 600 600.0 700 700.0 697.4 694.9 692.4 689.9 687.4 685.0 682.5 680.1 677.7 675.3 672.9 670.5 668.2 665.9 663.6 661.3 800 800.0 797.1 794.2 791.3 788.5 785.6 782.8 780.0 777.2 774.5 711.7 769.0 900 1000 900.0 1000.0 896.7 996.4 893.5 992.7 890.2 989.1 887.0 985.6 883.8 982.0 880.7 978.5 877.5 975.0 874.4 971.6 871.3 968.1 868.2 964.7 865.2 961.3 862.1 957.9 859.1 954.6 856.1 951.2 853.2 948.0 850.2 944.7 847.3 941.4 844.4 938.2 841.5 935.0 838.6 931.8 835.7 928.6 832.9 925.5 830.1 922.3 827.3 919.2 - 824.5 916.2 821.8 913.1 819.0 910.0 816.3 907.0 813.6 904.0 810.9 901.0 808.3 898.1 805.6 895.1 803.0 892.2 800.4 889.3 797.8 886.4 795.2 883.6 792.6 880.7 790.1 877.9 787.6 875.1 785.0 872.3 782.5 869.5 780.1 866.7 777.6 864.0 775.1 861.3 772.7 858.6 770.3 855.9 767.9 853.2 765.5 850.5 763.1 847.9 760.8 845.3 2000 2000.0 1992.7 1985.5 1978.3 1971.1 1964.0 1957.0 1950.0 1943.1 1936.2 1929.4 1922.6 1915.8 1909.1 1902.5 1895.9 1889.3 1882.8 1876.4 1869.9 1863.6 1857.2 1850.9 1844.7 1838.5 1832.3 1826.2 1820.1 1814.1 1808.0 1802.1 1796.2 1790.3 1784.4 1778.6 1772.8 1767.1 1761.4 1755.8 1750.1 1744.5 1739.0 1733.5 1728.0 1722:5 1717.1 1711.7 1706.4 1701.1 1695.8 1690.6 3000 3000.0 2989.0 2978.2 2967.4 2956.7 2946.1 2935.5 2925.0 2914.6 2904.3 2894.0 2883.9 2873.8 2863.7 2853.8 2843.8 2834.0 2824.2 2814.5 2804.9 2795.3 2785.8 2776.4 2767.0 21507 2748.4 2739.3 2730.2 2/204 2712.1 2703.1 2694.2 2685.4 2676.6 2667.9 2659.3 2650.7 2642.1 2633.6 2625.2 2616.8 2608.5 2600.2 2592.0 2583.8 25/57 2567.6 2559.6 2551.6 2543.7 2535.8 thas 24 Section IV GEOPOTENTIAL AND AEROLOGICAL TABLES TABLES 49-51 DAW. RELATION BETWEEN GEOPOTENTIAL AND GEOMETRIC HEIGHT? Definition of geopotential—The geopotential or gravity potential at any point is the potential energy, due to gravity, of unit mass at the point. Conventionally, geopotential is taken to be zero at mean sea level, in large part because mean sea level is a horizontal or level surface, and therefore has no component of gravity tangent to it. If g = acceleration of gravity, cm. sec.~, Z = geometric height above mean sea level, cm., = geopotential, cm.” sec.” then Z C— \ gdZ (1) which is numerically equivalent to the work done against gravity in lifting unit mass from mean sea level to a point at elevation Z. The cgs unit of geopotential is the cm.’ sec.” equivalent to the erg gram.” Prof. V. Bjerknes? made use of the term “dynamic height” in referring to the geo- potential of a point, because the latter is preferable to geometric height in meteorology as a representation of the vertical coordinate of the point. Professor Bjerknes proposed as the unit of geopotential the so-called geodynamic meter (gdm.) or dynamic meter, for short. By definition 1 geodynamic meter = 10 m.’ sec.-? = 10° cm.” sec.” At the meeting of the International Commission for the Exploration of the Upper Air ?* held in London, "1925, a resolution was adopted to the effect that heights in all forms and publications of the International Commission are to be represented as geopotentials in terms of the geodynamic meter as the unit. This unit was officially sanctioned until 1947 when the Aerological Commission of the International Meteorological Organization met in Toronto. At the Toronto meeting of the Aerological Commission * a new unit of geo- potential was adopted for official use in aerological work. This was given the name geopotential .meter (gpm.), and defined by the relation 1 geopotential meter = 0.98 dynamic meter. It follows that 1 gpm. = 0.98 gdm. = 9.8 m.? sec.” = 98,000 cm.’ sec.” Accordingly, if g = acceleration of gravity, m. sec.~, Z = geometric height, m., = geopotential, gpm. es =35 |o dZ (2) The unit of geopotential in English measures was given the name geopotential foot (gpit.) ; its relation to the geopotential meter is 1 gpft. = 0.3048 gpm. The geopotential meter was chosen as the unit of geopotential because the geometric height in meters and the geopotential in geopotential meters are approximately equal in the lower atmosphere, where g is approximately 980 cm. sec.” Pressure altitudes in the standard atmosphere are actually in terms of a special unit of geopotential. For the NACA Standard Atmosphere the unit called the meter is actually 0.980665 gdm., and for the ICAN Standard Atmosphere it is actually 0.98062 gdm. (See Tables 63 and 64.) a ae integrate equation (2), using Newton’s inverse-square law of gravi- tation, let gs = actual acceleration of gravity at mean sea level at the given latitude ¢, m. sec.7’, g = acceleration of gravity, in m. sec.”, at elevation Z meters and latitude ¢, R= appropriate value of radius of earth at given latitude, in meters, g = geR*/(R + 2)* (3) 1 Harrison, L. P., unpublished manuscript, 1949. 2 Bjerknes, V., et al., Dynamical meteorology and hydrography, vol. 1, Washington, 1910. 8 International Commission for the Exploration of the Upper Air. Report of the meeting in London, April 16-22, 1925. Meteorol. Off. Publ. No. 281, London, 1925. 41. M. O. Aerological Commission, abridged final report, Publ. 62, Lausanne, 1949. then (continued) SMITHSONIAN METEOROLOGICAL TABLES 218 TABLES 49-51 (CONTINUED) RELATION BETWEEN GEOPOTENTIAL AND GEOMETRIC HEIGHT Integration of equation (2) after (3) is substituted therein yields goR : o= (38 (zaz)* gpm. (4) or Po SADE (5) gok == © (Se) Equations (4) and (5) are strictly valid for a nonrotating sphere composed of spherical shells of equal density. Since these conditions are not fulfilled for the earth, and since centrifugal acceleration does not diminish according to the inverse-square law but rather increases with the distance from the center, it is, strictly speaking, necessary to make some allowance for the deviations from the simple conditions assumed. This is done by following a suggestion of W. D. Lambert® of the U. S. Coast and Geodetic Survey. Taking the partial derivative of g with respect to Z in equation (3), and evaluating it for Z=0, ie., obtaining (55) , we find for the corresponding value of R, without giving it a special symbol, Z Sai uaa TAR 34) (6) OZ =0 The quantity in the denominator is a function of latitude, given by - (55), __ 781085462 X 10° + 2.27 X 10° cos 26 — 2 X 10" cos 40 (7) An equation expressing gg as a function of latitude is given in Table 167. When equation (7) is substituted in equation (6) and the resulting value of R used in equations (4) and (5), these expressions for ® and Z are made to satisfy two boundary conditions, that is, (a) they are in harmony with the value of gs for the given latitude (neglecting local anomalies), and (b) they are in harmony with the vertical gradient of g at the given latitude at sea level (neglecting local anomalies), assuming the International Ellipsoid represents the figure of the earth. The value of R obtained by means of equations (6) and (7) is a fictitious quantity satisfying these two conditions and does not represent the radius vector of either the geoid or the International Ellipsoid of Reference. Effects of the nonspherical figure of the earth, its mean density distribution, and centrifugal acceleration are thus taken into account at mean sea level. Use of the inverse-square law in conjunction with this value of R then yields a satisfactory approximation for the relation of geopotential and geo- metric height even up to heights of several hundred kilometers.® The validity of the fore- going technique for relating geopotential and geometric height is uncertain for heights above 600 kilometers. To obtain relationships of greater reliability for great heights it is necessary to have recourse to the more advanced theory given by Helmert." Note.—The notion of geopotential is derived from purely statical considerations. Therefore the concept of geopotential breaks down absolutely at distances from the earth where the gravitational attraction and the force of centrifugal acceleration are equal and oppositely directed. This occurs at a distance from the earth’s center of 6.6 terrestrial radii in the plane of the Equator, about 4.4 terrestrial radii on the earth’s axis extended. Within the spheroidal surface at which this absolute break-down occurs, in the statical case, there are high levels where the gravitational attraction and the force of centrifugal acceleration are of the same order of magnitude. Here the vertical component of the force on a moving body due to the Coriolis acceleration which does not have a potential may be significant in relation to the other forces. Where moving bodies are involved at these levels some caution in the use of the concept of geopotential is necessary. Also, the definitions of geographic latitude and elevation become ambiguous at these heights. Description of tables—Table 49 provides values of the quantities R and ge) as functions of latitude, for every whole degree. The last figure in the tabular values of R and ( ue ) is not significant but is given to permit obtainment of smooth interpolated 5 Lambert, W. D., Some notes on the calculation of geopotential, unpublished manuscript, 1949. ®In the fifth edition of these tables, use was made of the assumption of a constant vertical gradient of g, as in Helmert’s equation, g = 94 — 9-000003086 Z. This yields results which become appreciably erroneous at heights of the order of 10 km., and neglects the latitudinal variation. iaeee F. R., Die mathematischen und physikalischen Theorieen der héheren Geodasie, vol. 2, (continued) SMITHSONIAN METEOROLOGICAL TABLES TABLES 49-51 (CONTINUED) 219 RELATION BETWEEN GEOPOTENTIAL AND GEOMETRIC HEIGHT results especially for high altitudes. These data are applicable in equation (4) for com- puting ® as a function of Z, and in equation (5) for computing Z as a function of ®, for given latitudes. Examples: 1. Given: Station at latitude ¢=51° 10’, elevation Z = 1384.4 meters. To find the geopotential @. Refer to Table 49, and by interpolation obtain R = 6,360,942 meters, and ( veh ) = 6,368,529 gpm. Using these data in equation (4) we find find Z, its geometric height. Refer to Table 49, and by interpolation we obtain R= 6,340,216 meters, and a) = 6,331,593 gpm. Using these data in equation (5), we find Z = 6415.2 meters. Table 50 gives values of geopotential ® directly as a function of latitude ¢ and geo- metric height Z. Table 51 gives values of geometric height Z directly as a function of latitude ¢ and geopotential ®. Tables 50 and 51 were computed from equations (4)-(7), using values of gs from Table 167. Tabular values for arguments exceeding 200,000 gpm. or 200,000 m. are un- certain by approximately one unit in the last figure. TABLE 49 FACTORS FOR COMPUTING THE RELATION BETWEEN GEOPOTENTIAL AND GEOMETRIC HEIGHT Tati I6R ke I6R ioe IR tude R 9.8 tude R 9.8 tude R 9.8 m. gpm. m. gpm. m. gpm. 0° 6334984 6322289 30° 6345653 6341274 60° 6367103 6379519 1 6334995 6322306 31 6346305 6342440 61 6367738 6380658 2 6335035 6322378 32 6346967 6343616 62 6368371 6381783 3 6335099 6322492 33 6347647 6344829 63 6368983 6382880 4 6335191 6322654 34 6348337 6346058 64 6369582 6383945 5 6335306 6322863 35 6349033 6347300 65 6370171 6385001 6 6335449 6323114 36 6349736 6348549 66 6370732 6386003 7 6335616 6323407 37 6350456 6349834 67 6371280 6386979 8 6335806 6323745 38 6351177 6351120 68 6371810 6387931 9 6336030 6324144 39 6351907 6352422 69 6372324 6388847 10 6336267 6324570 40 6352638 6353718 70 6372821 6389734 11 6336536 6325048 41 6353376 6355034 71 6373294 6390578 12 6336824 6325557 42 6354120 6356363 If 6373743 6391379 13 6337140 6326120 43 6354868 6357696 73 6374175 6392150 14 6337480 6326725 44 6355612 6359025 74 6374584 6392879 15 6337838 6327368 45 6356360 6360358 75 6374972 6393574 16 6338219 6328046 46 6357108 6361685 76 6375340 6394230 77 6338626 6328769 47 6357852 6363015 77 6375680 6394839 18 6339058 6329537 48 6358601 6364349 78 6375997 6395406 19 6339506 6330333 49 6359345 6365679 79 6376293 6395938 20 6339971 6331158 50 6360083 6366996 80 6376562 6396412 21 6340461 6332028 51 6360820 6368313 81 6376806 6396855 22 6340973 6332945 52 6361552 6369612 82 6377025 6397240 23 6341496 6333874 53 6362273 6370900 83 6377222 6397597 24 6342043 6334845 54 6362993 6372188 84 6377389 6397892 25 6342603 6335848 55 6363697 6373446 85 6377532 6398151 26 6343184 6336879 56 6364401 6374699 86 6377654 6398369 27 6343782 6337946 57 6365092 6375932 87 6377746 6398531 28 6344393 6339032 58 6365772 6377148 88 6377811 6398647 29 6345018 6340145 59 6366435 6378328 89 6377845 6398707 90 6377862 6398737 SMITHSONIAN METEOROLOGICAL TABLES 220 Geo- metric meters m. 1000 2000 3000 4000 5000 6000 7000 8000 9000 10000 11000 12000 13000 14000 15000 16000 17000 18000 19000 20000 21000 22000 23000 24000 25000 26000 27000 28000 29000 30000 35000 40000 45000 50000 55000 60000 65000 70000 75000 80000 85000 90000 95000 100000 105000 110000 115000 120000 125000 130000 107906 112723 117533 127131 10° gpm. 998 1996 2993 3990 4987 5983 6979 7975 8971 9966 10961 11955 12949 13943 14937 15930 16923 17916 18908 19900 20892 21883 22875 23865 24856 25846 26836 27825 28815 29804 34743 39676 44600 49517 54426 59327 64221 69107 73986 78857 83720 88576 93424 98265 103098 107923 112741 20° gpm. 998 1997 2994 3992 4989 5986 6983 7979 8975 9970 10966 11961 12955 13950 14944 15938 16931 17924 18917 19909 20902 21893 22885 23876 24867 25858 26848 27838 28828 29817 34759 39694 44621 49540 54451 59355 64251 69139 74020 78893 83759 88617 93467 98310 103146 107974 112794 TABLE 50 GEOMETRIC METERS TO GEOPOTENTIAL METERS (Explanation on p. 217.) 30° gpm. 999 1998 2997 3995 4993 5990 6987 7984 8981 9977 10973 11969 12964 13960 14954 15949 16943 17937 18930 19923 20916 21909 22901 23893 24885 25876 26867 27858 28848 29838 34784 39722 44652 49575 54490 59397 64297 69188 74073 78949 83819 88680 93534 98381 103220 108051 112875 117552 117607 117692 122336 122355 122413 122501 127151 127211 127302 SMITHSONIAN METEOROLOGICAL TABLES 40° gpm. 1000 2000 2999 3998 4997 5995 6993 7991 8989 9986 10983 11979 12976 13972 14967 15963 16958 17952 18947 19941 20934 21928 22921 23914 24906 25898 26890 27882 28873 29864 34814 39756 44691 49618 54537 59449 64353 69249 74137 79018 83892 88758 93616 Latitude 45° gpm. 1000 2001 3000 4000 4999 5998 6997 7995 8993 9991 10988 11985 12982 13978 14974 15970 16965 17960 18955 19950 20944 21938 22931 23925 24918 25910 26903 27895 28886 29878 34830 39775 44712 49641 54562 59476 64383 69281 74172 79055 83931 88799 93660 98513 98467 103310 103359 108146 108197 112974 113027 117795 117851 122609 122666 127415 127475 127534 127647 127739 127799 (continued) 50° gpm. 1001 2002 3002 4002 5002 6001 7000 7999 8997 9995 10993 11990 12988 13984 14981 15977 16973 17969 18964 19959 20954 21948 22942 23936 24929 25922 26915 27908 28900 29892 34846 39793 44732 49664 54588 59504 64412 69313 74206 79092 83970 88841 93704 98559 103407 108247 113080 117906 122724 60° gpm. 1002 2003 3004 4005 5006 6006 7006 8006 9005 10004 11002 12001 12999 13997 14994 15991 16988 17984 18980 19976 20972 21967 22962 23956 24951 25945 26938 27932 28925 29918 34877 39828 44771 49707 54635 59556 64469 69374 74271 79161 84044 88919 93786 98646 103498 108343 113180 118010 122832 70° gpm. 1002 2005 3007 4008 5009 6010 7011 8011 9011 10011 11010 12009 13008 14006 15004 16002 17000 17997 18994 19990 20987 21982 22978 23973 24968 25963 26957 27952 28945 29939 34901 39856 44803 49742 54674 59598 64514 69423 74324 79218 84104 88982 93853 98716 103572 108421 113261 118095 122921 80° gpm. 1003 2006 3008 4010 5012 6013 7014 8015 9015 10015 11015 12015 13014 14013 15011 16010 17008 18005 19003 20000 20996 21993 22989 23984 24980 25975 26970 27964 28959 29952 34917 39874 44824 49765 54699 59626 64544 69455 74359 79255 84143 89024 93897 98762 103621 108471 113314 118150 122978 90° gpm. 1003 2006 3008 4011 5012 6014 7015 8016 9017 10017 11017 12017 13016 14015 15014 16012 17010 18008 19006 20003 21000 21996 22992 23988 24984 25979 26974 27969 28963 29957 34923 39881 44831 49773 54708 59635 64555 69467 74371 79268 84157 89038 93912 98779 103637 108489 113333 118169 122998 127820 Geo- metric meters m. 130000 140000 150000 160000 170000 180000 190000 200000 210000 220000 230000 240000 250000 260000 270000 280000 290000 300000 310000 320000 330000 340000 350000 360000 370000 380000 390000 400000 410000 420000 430000 440000 450000 460000 470000 480000 490000 500000 510000 520000 530000 540000 550000 560000 570000 580000 590000 600000 610000 620000 630000 TABLE 50 (CONCLUDED) 221 GEOMETRIC METERS TO GEOPOTENTIAL METERS Latitude ee 0° 10° 205 30° 40° 45° 50° gpm. gpm. gpm. gpm. gpm. gpm. gpm. 127131 127151 127211 127302 127415 127475 127534 136698 136721 136785 136883 137004 137069 137134 146237 146261 146329 146435 146565 146634 146703 155746 155771 155845 155957 156096 156170 156243 165225 165252 165330 165450 165597 165676 165754 174676 174705 174787 174914 175070 175153 175236 184098 184128 184215 184349 184514 184601 184689, 193490 193522 193614 193755 193928 194021 194113 202855 202888 202985 203133 203315 203412 203509 212190 212225 212326 212482 212672 212774 212876 221497 221534 221640 221802 222001 222108 222214 230776 230814 230925 231094 231302 231413 231524 240027 240066 240181 240358 240575 240691 240806 249249 249291 249410 249594 249820 249940 250060 258444 258487 258611 258802 259036 259161 259286 267611 267655 267784 267982 268225 268355 268484 276750 276796 276930 277135 277386 277521 277655 285861 285909 286047 286260 286520 286659 286798 Dede SNES REAR Es essen any 60° 70° 80° 90° gpm. gpm. gpm. gpm. 127647 127739 127799 127820 137255 137354 137419 137441 146833 146940 147009 147033 156382 156496 156569 156595 165902 166022 166101 166128 175393 175520 175603 175632 184854 184989 185077 185107 194287 194429 194521 194554 203691 203840 203937 203971 213067 213223 213325 213360 222414 222577 222684 222721 231733 231903 232015 232053 241024 241201 241317 241358 250287 250471 250592 250634 259521 259713 259838 259882 268728 268927 269057 269102 277908 278114 278248 278295 287060 287273 287412 287460 294946 294995 295138 295357 295627 295770 295914 296184 296404 296548 296598 304003 304054 304201 304427 304706 304854 305002 313032 313085 313237 313471 313757 313910 314063 322035 322089 322246 322487 322782 322940 323097 331011 331067 331228 331476 331780 331942 332104 339960 340017 340183 340438 340751 340918 341085 348882 348941 349112 349374 349695 349867 350039 357777 357838 358013 358283 358613 358790 358966 366647 366709 366889 367165 367505 367686 367866 375489 375553 375738 376021 376370 376555 376741 384306 384372 384561 384851 385208 385399 385589 393097 393164 393358 393655 394021 394216 394411 401861 401930 402128 402433 402808 403007 403207 410600 410670 410873 411185 411569 411773 411977 419313 419385 419593 419912 420304 420513 420721 428000 428074 428286 428612 429013 429227 429440 436662 436737 436954 437287 437697 437915 438133 445298 445375 445597 445937 446355 446579 446801 453909 453987 454214 454561 454989 455216 455444 462495 462575 462806 463161 463597 463829 464061 471056 471137 471373 471735 472179 472417 472653 479591 479674 479915 480284 480737 480979 481221 488102 488187 488432 488808 489270 489517 489763 496588 496675 496924 497308 497779 498030 498281 505050 505138 505392 505783 506262 506518 506774 513487 513576 513835 514233 514721 514982 515242 921899 521990 522254 522659 523156 523421 523686 530287 530380 530648 531060 531566 531836 532106 538651 538746 539019 539438 539952 540227 540501 546991 547087 547365 547791 548314 548594 548872 555307 555404 555687 556120 556652 556936 557220 563599 563698 563985 564425 564966 565255 565543 571867 571968 572259 572707 573256 573550 573843 SMITHSONIAN METEOROLOGICAL TABLES 305281 305509 305657 305709 314351 314586 314739 314792 323394 323636 323794 323849 332410 332659 332821 332878 341399 341655 341822 341881 350362 350625 350797 350857 359297 359568 359745 359806 368207 368485 368666 368729 377090 377375 377561 377626 385947 386239 386430 386496 394778 395077 395272 395340 403583 403889 404089 404159 412362 412675 412880 412951 421115 421436 421645 421718 429842 430170 430384 430459 438545 438880 439098 439175 447221 447563 447787 447865 455872 456222 456450 456529 464499 464855 465088 465169 473100 473463 473701 473784 481676 482047 482289 482373 490227 490605 490852 490938 498753 499139 499390 499478 507255 507648 507904 507993 515732 516132 516393 516484 524185 524592 524857 524950 532614 533028 533298 533392 541018 541439 541714 541810 549398 549826 550106 550203 557754 558190 558474 558573 566086 566529 566818 566918 574394 574844 575138 575240 Geo- potential meters gpm. 1000 2000 3000 4000 5000 6000 7000 8000 9000 10000 11000 12000 13000 14000 15000 16000 17000 18000 19000 20000 21000 22000 23000 24000 25000 26000 27000 100000 105000 110000 115000 120000 125000 130000 0° m. 1002 2005 3007 4011 5014 6018 7022 8026 9031 10036 11041 12047 13053 14059 15066 16073 17080 18088 19096 20104 21112 22121 23130 24140 25150 26160 27170 28181 29192 30204 35266 40336 45414 50500 55594 60697 65807 70926 76053 81188 86331 91483 96643 101811 106988 112173 117366 122567 10° m. 1002 2004 3007 4010 5013 6017 7021 8025 9029 10034 11040 12045 13051 14057 15063 16070 17077 18085 19092 20101 21109 22118 23127 24136 25146 26156 27166 28177 29187 30199 35260 40329 45406 50492 55585 60687 65796 70914 76040 81175 86317 91468 96627 101794 106970 2003 3006 4008 5011 6014 7018 8021 9025 10030 11034 12040 13045 14051 15057 16063 17069 18076 19084 20091 21099 22107 23116 24125 25134 26144 27153 28164 29174 30185 35244 40310 45385 50468 55559 60658 65766 70881 76005 81137 86277 91425 96581 101746 106919 TABLE 51 GEOPOTENTIAL METERS TO GEOMETRIC METERS (Explanation on p. 217.) 2002 3003 4005 5007 6010 7013 8016 9019 10023 11027 12031 13036 14041 15046 16052 17057 18064 19070 20077 21084 22092 23100 24108 25116 26125 27134 28144 29153 30163 35219 40282 45353 50432 55520 60615 65719 70830 75950 81078 86214 91359 96511 101672 106842 112154 112101 112019 117346 122547 117291 122489 117205 122399 2000 3001 4002 5003 6005 7007 8009 9011 10014 11017 12021 13024 14029 15033 16038 17043 18048 19054 20060 21066 22073 23080 24087 25094 26102 27111 28119 29128 30137 35188 40247 45313 50388 55471 60562 65661 70768 75883 81006 86138 91278 96426 101582 106746 111919 117100 122289 Latitude 45° 60533 65630 70734 75847 80968 86097 91234 96380 101534 106695 111866 117044 122231 127777 127756 127695 127602 127487 127426 132974 132910 132813 132996 SMITHSONIAN METEOROLOGICAL TABLES 132693 132629 (continued ) 502 m. 999 1998 2998 3998 4998 5999 7000 8001 9003 10005 11007 12010 13012 14016 15019 16023 17027 18031 19036 20041 21047 22052 23058 24065 25071 26078 27086 28093 29101 30109 35155 40209 45271 50341 55419 60505 65599 70701 75812 80930 86057 91191 96334 101485 106645 111812 116988 122172 127365 132566 60° m. 998 1997 2996 3995 4994 5994 6994 7994 8995 9996 10998 11999 13001 14003 15006 16009 17012 18016 19020 20024 21028 22033 23038 24044 25050 26056 27062 28069 29076 30083 35125 40174 45231 50297 55370 60452 65541 70639 75745 80858 85980 91110 96248 101395 106549 111712 116883 122062 127250 132446 70° m. 998 1995 2993 3992 4991 5990 6989 7989 8989 9989 10990 bebe) 12992 13994 14995 15998 17000 18003 19006 20010 21013 22018 23022 24027 25032 26037 27043 28049 29055 30062 35100 40145 45199 50261 55331 60408 65494 70588 75690 80800 85918 91044 96178 101321 106472 111631 116798 121973 127157 132349 80° m. 997 1994 2992 3990 4988 5987 6986 7985 8985 9985 10985 11985 12986 13987 14989 15990 16992 17995 18997 20000 21004 22007 23011 24016 25020 26025 27030 28036 29042 30048 35083 40127 45178 50238 55305 60380 65464 70555 75654 80762 85877 91001 96133 101273 106421 111577 116742 121915 127096 132285 106403 111559 116723 121894 127075 132263 Geo- potential meters 130000 140000 150000 160000 170000 180000 190000 200000 210000 220000 230000 240000 250000 260000 270000 280000 290000 300000 310000 320000 330000 340000 350000 360000 370000 380000 390000 400000 410000 420000 430000 440000 450000 460000 470000 480000 490000 500000 510000 520000 530000 540000 550000 560000 570000 TABLE 51 (CONCLUDED) 223 GEOPOTENTIAL METERS TO GEOMETRIC METERS Latitude pe ee eee ae 0° 10° 20° 30° 40° 45° 50° 60° 70° 80° 90° m. m. m™m. m. m. m. m. m. m. m. m. 132996 132974 132910 132813 132693 132629 132566 132446 132349 132285 132263 143458 143434 143365 143260 143130 143061 142992 142863 142757 142689 142665 153954 153928 153854 153740 153601 153526 153452 153313 153199 153125 153100 164484 164456 164377 164255 164105 164026 163946 163797 163675 163596 163568 175048 175019 174934 174804 174644 174559 174474 174314 174184 174100 174070 185647 185616 185525 185387 185217 185126 185036 184866 184727 184637 184606 196280 196247 196151 196004 195824 195728 195632 195451 195305 195209 195176 206948 206913 206812 206656 206465 206363 206262 206071 205916 205815 205779 217651 217614 217507 217343 217141 217034 216927 216725 216561 216455 216418 228389 228350 228237 228064 227852 227739 227626 227414 227242 227129 227090 239163 239121 239003 238821 238598 238479 238361 238138 237957 237838 237797 249971 249928 249804 249613 249379 249255 249130 248896 248706 248582 248539 260815 260770 260640 260440 260196 260065 259935 259690 259491 259361 259316 271696 271648 271512 271303 271047 270911 270775 270519 270311 270175 270128 282612 282562 282420 282202 281935 281793 281651 281383 281166 281024 280975 293564 293512 293364 293137 292858 292710 292562 292284 292057 291909 291858 304552 304499 304344 304108 303818 303663 303509 303219 302983 302830 302776 315577 315522 315361 315115 314814 314653 314493 314191 313946 313786 313730 326638 326581 326414 326159 325845 325679 325512 325199 324944 324778 324720 337737 337677 337504 337239 336914 336741 336568 336243 335979 335807 335747 348872 348810 348631 348356 348019 347840 347661 347324 347050 346872 346809 360045 359981 359795 359511 359162 358976 358790 358442 358158 357973 357908 371255 371189 370997 370702 370341 370149 369957 369596 369302 369111 369044 382503 382434 382236 381931 381558 381359 381161 380787 380484 380286 380217 393789 393718 393512 393198 392812 392606 392402 392016 391702 391498 391427 405112 405039 404827 404502 404104 403892 403680 403282 402958 402747 402674 416474 416398 416180 415845 415434 415215 414996 414586 414252 414034 413958 427874 427796 427571 427225 426801 426576 426351 425927 425583 425358 425280 439313 439232 439000 438644 438207 437975 437743 437307 436952 436721 436640 450790 450707 450468 450101 449652 449413 449174 448725 448359 448121 448038 462306 462221 461975 461598 461135 460889 460643 460181 459805 459560 459474 473862 473774 473521 473133 472657 472404 472151 471675 471289 471036 470949 485457 485367 485106 484707 484218 483957 483698 483209 482811 482552 482462 497091 496999 496731 496321 495818 495551 495284 494781 494373 494106 494014 508765 508670 508396 507974 507458 507183 506909 506393 505973 505700 505604 520480 520382 520100 519667 519137 518855 518573 518044 517613 517332 517234 532234 532134 531844 531401 530856 530567 530278 529734 529292 529004 528904 544029 543926 543629 543174 542616 542318 542022 541465 541011 540715 540613 555864 555758 555454 554987 554415 554110 553806 553235 552770 552467 552361 567740 567632 567320 566841 566255 565943 565631 565045 564569 564258 564150 579657 579546 579227 578736 578136 577815 577496 576896 576408 576089 575979 591615 591502 591174 590672 590057 589729 589402 588787 588287 587961 587848 603615 603499 603164 602650 602019 601684 601349 600720 600207 599874 599758 615657 615538 615194 614668 614023 613680 613337 612693 612169 611827 611708 627740 627618 627267 626729 626069 625717 625367 624707 624171 623821 623700 639865 639741 639381 638831 638156 637796 637437 636763 636214 635857 635732 652033 651905 651538 650975 650284 649917 649550 648861 648299 647934 647807 664243 664113 663737 663161 662456 662080 661705 661000 660426 660053 659923 676496 676363 675979 675391 674669 674285 673902 673181 672595 672213 672080 688792 688656 688264 687662 686925 686533 686141 685405 684806 684416 684280 701131 700992 700591 699977 699224 698823 698423 697671 697059 696661 696522 SMITHSONIAN METEOROLOGICAL TABLES 224 TABLE 52 GEOPOTENTIAL COMPUTATIONS Resolution 78, I. M. O. Twelfth Conference of Directors (Washington, 1947) states: The Conference decides: (1) that the geopotential used in upper air reports and analyses shall be expressed in terms of geopotential meters (gpm.), or geopotential feet (gpft.); (2) that the geopotential meter shall be defined as being equal to 0.98 of the dynamic meter so that the value of the geopotential shall, for practical purposes, be numerically equal to the height expressed in meters. The geopotential © of a point at height Z above mean sea level is the work which must be done against gravity in raising a unit mass from sea level to height Z % e=| ods (1) where g is the local acceleration of gravity at the height z. Similarly, the difference in geopotential A® between levels 2: and 2 is 22 A® =| gdz (2) 21 If fo is the pressure at mean sea level and p the pressure at height Z, from the hydro- static equation Die Li mo lOke = in cgs units, (3) where R is the gas constant for dry air and T’m» is the mean adjusted virtual temperature * (°K.) between fo and p. Similarly if p: and p2 are the pressures at 2: and 22 respectively AS=RT' ne loge ~ in cgs units. (4) a If A®) is the geopotential difference between levels having pressures f2 and f: for a mean temperature of the layer of 0°C. (273.16 °K.) and #'m» is the actual mean adjusted virtual temperature of the layer in °C. Ad = A® + Ay ne (5) 0 where 77> = 273.16 °K. and Ah =R To loge = in cgs units. (6) 2 Expressing geopotential differences in terms of the geopotential meter, gpm. (1 gpm. = 98000 ergs g.* = 98000 cm.” sec.? = 0.98 dynamic meter), equations (4) and (6) become A® = 67.442 T'mo loge Fe = 67.442 (273.16 + t'me) logis = (4a) A&y = 18422.5 logo 2 (6a) Table 52 A gives A% in geopotential meters between a given pressure and the nearest standard pressure surface above it. Table 52 B gives A® in geopotential meters between successive standard pressure surfaces as a function of t’m». Table 52 C gives Ad in geo- potential meters between a given pressure and the nearest standard pressure surface below it. Table 52D gives values of A® !'m* to be used in connection with the values 0 obtained from Tables 52A and 52C to determine A® in accordance with equation (5). To evaluate geopotential in terms of geopotential meters: 1. Determine the geopotential of the surface level. (This quantity is approximately numerically equal to the elevation in meters of the surface level above mean sea level; for exact value see Table 50.) 1See Table 72 for definition of mean adjusted virtual temperature. (continued) SMITHSONIAN METEOROLOGICAL TABLES TABLE 52 (CONTINUED) 225 GEOPOTENTIAL COMPUTATIONS 2. Determine the mean adjusted virtual temperature t’mv (°C.): (a) between the surface level and the first standard pressure surface above it, (b) between each successive pair of standard pressure surfaces, and (c) between the highest point reached and the nearest standard pressure surface below it. 3. Determine A®) between the surface and the first standard pressure surface above it from Table 52 A. Determine A®) ine from Table 52D as a function of t'm» 0 and A&. If #'m» > 0°C. add the value of Ag a to A& to determine A® for the layer, if t’m» < 0°C. the value is to be subtracted. ais that Table 52D is given in an abbreviated form. Since the function Ad Ems Te is linear in both A®, and ?#'my it can be readily obtained from the table for intermediate values of Ad; e.g., if AS = 1260 gpm. add together the values of A®p fee for A®, = 1000 gpm., 200 gpm., and 60 gpm. as determined from the table for the appropriate t' mo.) 4, Determine A® for the layers between each successive pair of standard pressure surfaces for the appropriate t'm» from Table 52 B. 5. Determine A®) between the highest point reached and ip nearest standard pres- sure surface below it from Table 52 C. Determine Ag, Em Te from Table 52 D and obtain A® for the layer as indicated by equation (5) (see step 3). 6. The geopotential at any level is the sum of the geopotential differences determined for all the layers between sea level and the level in question. Table 51 gives the relationship between geopotential and heights measured in geometric units. (continued) SMITHSONIAN METEOROLOGICAL TABLES 226 TABLE 52 GEOPOTENTIAL COMPUTATIONS (CONTINUED) Taste 52 A.—Geopotential difference between a given pressure and the nearest standard pressure surface above it, for a mean adjusted virtual temperature of 0°C. Geopotential differences Pressure from the mb. 0 1 gpm. gpm. A aenney aire 10 ge yale ee 720 225 236 730 336 347 740 445 455 rp 06 5G 60 1 11 ES 770 211 221 780 314 324 790 416 426 800 10 810 99 109 Bae 820 198 207 830 295 304 840 390 400 a 4 103 60 9 3 eee 870 186 195 880 278 287 890 368 377 900 Bs 2 910 9 seme 920 176 185 930 262 271 940 348 356 aN 8 960 84 92 eae 970 167. 175 980 249 257 990 330 338 nt 0 mb. 1010 80 688 ee 1020 158 166 1030 236 244 1040 314 321 1000 mahi 1050 mb. 83 pata 1070 151 158 1080 2251233 1090 299 306 SMITHSONIAN METEOROLOGICAL TABLES 2 3 gpm. gpm. Z3' "Ot 136 =147 248 259 358 369 466 477 21 32 127) 187. 231.7242 334 345 436 446 20°" 730 119 129 Zhi 227, 314% 323 409 419 19% *28 AR Al 204 214 296 305 386 395 18 27 106.2 5 115 193 202 280 288 S65 moro 7s ee 100 109 183 191 265) 273 346 354 16 24 95.) 103 174 182 252 260 329) 337 15°) 28 91 98 166 173 240 248 314 9321 (continued) 4 gpm. 5 gpm. 6 gpm. 7 gpm. 80 TABLE 52 (CONTINUED) 227 GEOPOTENTIAL COMPUTATIONS TaBLE 52 A.—Geopotential difference between a given pressure and the nearest standard pressure surface above it, for a mean adjusted virtual temperature of 0°C. Geopotential ee eS CS ME Mie? Oe = aS PT gpm. gpm. gpm. gpm. gpm. gpm. gpm. gpm. gpm. gpm. 400 20 40 60 80 09” JdONeN3s9, 158) 478 410 NOS 27a 19236, 250) 275, 6295) 34 333) 1352) 93711 420 390 409 428 447 466 485 504 523 541 # «560 430 570 SoZ MOON NOS4)GSSe Ose 1OGOmEZ0Sh 7260 744 440 265) Sle) W199 Ol, Seed) HSS) USle 68g) 9070 8925 400 mb. surface 450 942 960 978 996 1013 1031 1048 1066 1083 1101 460 LIL) sey L537 170) 187" 1205" 1222) 1239" 1256 1273 470 1290 1307 1324 1341 1358 1375 1392 1409 1425 1442 480 1459 1475 1492 1509 1525 1542 1558 1575 1591 1607 490 1624 1640 1656 1673 1689 1705 1721 1737 1753 1769 500 16 32 48 64 80 OH bh ale7/ e's} 510 1SSa 74a OOM 205s eee 286" 62528 26S) 283N0 298 520 S14 S29 S45 OU S/o SD0m e406) 4 ell e436 edo 530 A600 e4Slo 4Oor pelle e520) oan O56 yI SSO. mOUL 540 616: 630) 6455 GO0m 1675 Oson 70400 719) 87339 0748 500 mb. surface 550 763 777 792 806 821 835 849 864 878 892 560 907 921 935 949 964 978 992 1006 1020 1034 570 1048 1062 1076 1090 1104 1118 1132 1146 1160 1174 580 1ISZ 1201 W215 1229 1242" 1256) 1270 28S" 1297 131 590 1324 1338 1351 1365 1378 1392 1405 1419 1432 1445 600 13 27 40 53 66 80 93 106 119 610 132 4S SSee alleen eOSen OO 224 OSG 49 620 262) 3275, S288) SO Pola 327-5 339352 365 ors 630 390 403 416 428 441 454 466 479 491 504 640 SG 529 5 54 5545 8566. 1579)" 59le 603" 616m 628 600 mb. surface 650 640 653 665 677 689 702 714 726 738 750 660 AGS) TD AS ZOO lila ASZSee SSoM ESA Zan Soom Sal 670 883 895 907 919 930 942 954 966 978 990 680 1001 1013 1025 1037 1048 1060 1072 1083 1095 1107 690 1118 1130 1141 1153 1164 1176 1187 1199 1210 1222 (continued ) SMITHSONIAN METEOROLOGICAL TABLES 228 TABLE 52 (CONTINUED) GEOPOTENTIAL COMPUTATIONS TasB_e 52 B.—Geopotential differences between consecutive standard isobaric surfaces for Standard various mean adjusted virtual temperatures (f'mv) isobaric ie cies roe Qh) Matin. aks, sngien ae al gh geal ce gee SOM. ate. crcereinze Sieve ctateravereevsielans o ejeleia: ota vereteie avaje\otelavale:aveyaNeveye wiesreveisia ee. atoce oats elcievarene alert cretion gpm. gpm. gpm. gpm. gpm. gpm. gpm. gpm. gpm. gpm. —70 Sil GE SRY MISE) SBS) SEA USE Sy 7 S125) —60 35/7 9355 S54 ws5Z! 8350) W348) “S470 845) 843342 —50 374, W372 4370) 7369) ¥367, %365' 364. 173627 3605 7359 —40 590) S389) WSs7 2385) S84 (382) 380) weoaok 2 o77e 375 —30 407 405 404 402 400 399 397 395 394 392 —20 404 (422 420) 419) 4t7 415 i414 4120 410409 —10 441 439 437 436 434 432 431 429 427 426 — 0 457 456 454 452 451 449 447 446 444 442 + 0 457 459 461 462 464 466 467 469 471 472 10 474 476 477 479 481 482 484 486 487 489 20 491 492 494 496 497 499 501 503 504 506 30 508) poO9M Sid 2513 545 S16. S518) eSiOs. 521523 40 524) 3526 528 O29! 5310 533) 53455530" S38 539 50 54 3543) 544 1546) (S48 S49) SSI 5535 554556 QOD Ree ow EARS eee Lt, GPapenels fay stat avayel bol opeve vores di sierenete cele whedeternrs lapnlons sie ait oicvabatom a eictereun aero eee —70 BB) GAY SHO Sahin Bl) eweb ele hl sO BLO —60 SEIS GSI | SSEU SSE) isis | S80) Sys} eS yoy BG Sie) —50 393) 02) O90) S49) VSAZ 9 345) 5 344555342 34 loo —40 3609) 1368) 4300) O64" 303) “36h S60) 9358." 357355 —30 B80) Toco) Fosen O80 379)“ 377— 7370. BS74 S72 Onl —20 A401 4399) 4398") 396) 395) S93" 391) E3904 388) 387 —10 417 415 414 412 410 409 407 406 404 402 — 0 433 431 429 428 426 425 423 421 420 418 + 0 433 434 436 437 439 440 442 444 445 447 10 448 450 452 453 455 456 458 460 461 463 20 464 466 467 469 471 472 474 475 477 479 30 480 482 483 485 486 488 490 491 493 494 40 496 498 499 501 502 504 505 507 509 510 ey 50 SZ SS eS Say SZ ih OS) OZOn OZ 52 3h S24 526, COP ees eee, es ee DIOR ey RTE Oto ERR. Crs CEM DiC) ARETCRCD ici ORTON Pau trie Sey pane) esr Ar —70 S05.) (304) 7302) S30 299s 2985 296) BZ295en 293 292 —60 S205 SO SIZ SiG) S45 Si3h Si) WSOC 308i 307 —50 SOOM OOA) © GODE OOlin O29 OZOM O20 MOC OUE NC OZOmmOZe —40 350) | 349) 347" 346) 344" 343" 341" (340% 338) 337 —30 309m SO4) OO OCOlMN GOON NGOS = O50 SoS =o 5on Soe —20 RENO SVAN SY USVI ERIE! RVRy GVA aSyA0)) — Sfele=- sts —10 395 394 392 391 389 388 386 385 383 382 — 0 410 409 407 406 404 403 401 400 398 397 + 0 410 412 413 41 416 418 419 421 422 424 10 425 427 428 430 431 433 434 436 437 439 20 440 442 443 445 446 448 449 451 452 454 30 455 457 458 460 461 463 464 466 467 469 40 470 472 473 475 476 478 479 481 482 484 50 486 487 489 490 492 493 495 496 498 499 NOOO ese Gc eRe Cale andeeral a eiteletreratenerenevenspetel ove tavshQue esxe rear eli olevo: stot oheusiontche ic Tara eit veraioe aerate —70 290) 289 287) 286), (285° 283: 282) 280m 27918 277 —60 305° 303) 302 300)) 299) 297 296 295) 293) 3292 —50 SLO S7s OlOmerolone Ol Sel olZie ol OM S09nm CO sm SOG —40 359 OO OOM OLO TOZ/AOZON | O25) NOZOMI S22 mm OZO —30 347. 346 345 343 342 340 339 337 336 335 —20 302) 3000) S59 SoZ S560 355) 355s 52) sO0l nN 649 —10 BVisy GVIY SVE) SV/2 SD) SISSY Bley? SES SS SIGS — 0 390 389 388 386 385 383 382 380 379 377 + 0 390 392 393 395 396 398 399 400 402 403 10 405 406 408 409 410 412 413 415 416 418 20 419 420 422 423 425 426 428 429 430 432 30 433 435 436 438 439 440 442 443 445 446 40 448 449 450 452 453 455 456 458 459 460 , 50 462 463 465 466 468 469 470 472 473 475 DO SO resin na teres cicrorel ose wvarsue ecoharstelioie avatavalaze laveiet ene totototere rere ielaieae Tetercra tate TOI RRO eae (continued) SMITHSONIAN METEOROLOGICAL TABLES TABLE 52 (CONTINUED) 229 GEOPOTENTIAL COMPUTATIONS TABLE 52 B.—Geopotential differences between consecutive standard isobaric surfaces for various mean adjusted virtual temperatures (f’mv) Standard eee " aah °C. hdie og ey Peas fo: a, Be a A le MY STO OCC Ho ORO CO DOO OEIC BEI tone CC OCR ae reich. Ar Inp aM i iit Akeley iA gpm. gpm. gpm. gpm. gpm. gpm. gpm. gpm. gpm. gpm. —70 917. 913 908 904 899 895 890 886 881 877 —60 O62 958) 99531949 O44 40> 935 951) 926922 —50 1008 1003 999 994 990 985 980 976 971 967 —40 1053 1048 1044 1039 1035 1030 1026 1021 1017 1012 —30 1098 1093 1089 1084 1080 1075 1071 1066 1062 1057 —20 TAS SOP wll Same 2o: weal ZO) elope tO Zour OZ —10 HSS W184 Wi79 “1175 L170 “Wl66 W657 1152 1148 — 0 1233) 81229) 1224) 1220) PUZIS ZY ZG) 90202) BII97 WTIS3 + 0 1233) W238) 1242 47 25256260) 1265269) 274 10 1278 1283 1288 1292 1297 1301 1306 1310 1315 1319 20 S24 S28 lss5) wlsS7 al S42) lo4on wool soo) 1300 moos: 30 1369 1373 1378 1382 1387 1391 1396 1400 1405 1409 ae 40 1414 1418 1423 1427 1432 1436 1441 1446 1450 1455 —70 411 409 407 404 402 400 398 396 394 392 —60 AS A290) 427, 425) 423) AAI 4 Ol EAS aS aS —50 451 449 447 445 443 441 439 437 435 433 —40 ATA RAGS WAG Sa4O5) ee4OS RAO 4 59457) 4 oon aos —30 491 489 487 485 483 481 479 477 475 473 —20 SIZ S10 508) 2506) e503 eiS0l) ASO 497. 495) 493 —10 OS SRO B98) Sea Ge Gye SO Bley ely il! — 0 Sey Sa) ls Sl ee ee Gy) sith SIS + 0 OZ D4 DON Oro O MEE DO2 5 O4 mm SOOM yoo MO ZO 10 SVP BYES AG EWS SO) SRA SAD Gt Sty G80) 20 592 594 596 598 600 603 605 607 609 6i11 30 613 SIGS OL7- 2619 O21 2625) 625559627, 1 629s ool a 40 633) 1635 1637 639 1641 1643 645)" 647 = 649. 651 —70 ot SA St) Sy) BG SYA) SYK GAL SGD St/ —60 A03) e401 S99 S97 emo S) OZ S90) oe8 a nOOO —50 422 420 (418 416 2414 3412 410, 409 407.405 —40 AAT 439 8437 435433) S45 (4295428 4261777 424 —30 460 458 456 454 452 450 448 446 445 443 —20 A/QUNGAT/. SALSA ATLA O9 D4 O74 OD AOS aoe —10 497 496 494 492 490 488 486 484 482 480 — 0 SO Sie Silky Sik ey Sy OR ey OE zh) +0 bile Gills} EO Gee Gee Sey Ga Sst) ish Ss 10 Rely Ssy/ sk Sl Gee RG) Ge ey Rey SG) Bib 20 B54 SOM OOO MOO ZmOO4 a OOOMm DOA OO Mmmm il 30 hyis SWS Sy BVA BIL Se ase Gey) Gisks}. ELH) a 40 592 594 596 598 600 601 603 605 607 #4609 —70 Sol SSO) soy. SSa seb se Sis) sei} ae sys —60 sv) Yih svi SVB) SYAL SY St SG SEE Sas: —50 390) 10394) 15393) RSD S89 We87 S86" e384) 738251380 —40 414 412 410 409 407 405 403 402 400 # 398 —30 AZZ VASO rAZ2Sn ea ZOn 42 nao) eae ln 4 1 ON Sea AIG —20 450 448 446 444 442 441 439 437 435 434 —10 AG7s NAGON e404) 4020) 460 45S 4574 om 4545 — 0 485 483 481 480 478 476 474 473 471 469 + 0 485 487 489 490 492 494 496 497 499 501 10 Sos G0 Sty SOR SO Sif “Siley Gilby ile En 20 bral Gee) Byek | Gay yas yA Geb Sey) GG) 8377 30 SS SHO AOA 2A 54547 49 5S 55am aod. se 40 S56 DOS rOOO mm SOlN 503i 505 1507 9 5660520) 572 (continued) SMITHSONIAN METEOROLOGICAL TABLES 230 TABLE 52 (CONTINUED) GEOPOTENTIAL COMPUTATIONS TABLE 52 B.—Geopotential differences between consecutive standard isobaric surfaces for various mean adjusted virtual temperatures (t’mv) Standard isobaric F: eesiaee ‘ih bagel gpm. gpm —70 O17. we Ons —60 962 958 —50 1008 1003 —40 1053 1048 —30 1098 1093 —20 1143 1139 —10 1188 1184 — 0 1233 1229 +0 1233 1238 10 1278 1283 20 1324 1328 —70 795 791 —60 834 830 —50 873 869 —40 912 908 —30 951 947 —20 990 986 —10 1029 1025 — 0 1068 1064 + 0 1068 1072 10 LOZ at 20 1147 1150 =70 1328 1321 —60 1393 1387 —50 1459 1452 —40 1524 1517 —30 1589 1583 —20 1655 1648 —10 1720 1713 — 0 1785 1779 + 0 1785 1792 10 1851 1857 20 1916 1923 30 1981 1988 —70 1085 1080 —60 1138 1133 —50 1192 1186 —40 1245 1240 —30 1299 1293 —20 1352 1347 —10 1405 1400 — 0 1459 1453 + 0 1459 1464 10 TolZ 517 20 1566 1571 30 1619 1624 600 SMITHSONIAN METEOROLOGICAL TABLES gpm. gpm. 908 904 953 949 999 994 1044 1039 1089 1084 (continued ) gpm. 899 944 990 1035 940 985 1030 1075 1120 2 2 TABLE 52 (CONTINUED) 231 GEOPOTENTIAL COMPUTATIONS TABLE 52 B.—Geopotential differences between consecutive standard isobaric surfaces for various mean adjusted virtual temperatures (t'mv) Standard tacts é Sak C. 0 1 mig ih ae MiG Ge Og ge wig GOT MAN Panik Gash alana g AAA WM Naa anal edllanans Anchen yeainainiuentts Wa. gpm. gpm. gpm. gpm. gpm. gpm. gpm. gpm. gpm. gpm. —90 827 822 818 813 809 804 800 795 791 786 —30 872 868 863 859 854 850 845 841 836 831 —70 917 913 908 904 809 895 800 886 881 877 —60 962 958 953 949 944 940 935 931 926 922 50 1008 1003 999 994 990 985 980 976 971 967 —40 1053 1048 1044 1039 1035 1030 1026 1021 1017 1012 —30 1098 1093 1089 1084 1080 1075 1071 1066 1062 1057 —30 1143 1139 1134 1129 1125 1120 1116 1111 1107 1102 —10 1188 1184 1179 1175 1170 1166 1161 1157 1152 1148 a 1233 1229 1224 1220 1215 1211 1206 1202 1197 1193 a ny 1233 1238 1242 1247 1251 1256 1260 1265 1269 1274 9 716 712 709 705 701 607 693 689 685 681 —30 755 752 748 744 740 736 732 728 724 720 —70 705 701 787 783 779 #775 771 «+767 763 759 60 834 830 826 822 818 814 810 806 802 798 50 873 869 865 861 857 853 849 845 842 838 —40 912 908 904 900 896 892 888 885 881 877 — 30 951 947 943 939 935 931 928 924 920 916 —20 990 986 982 978 974 971 967 963 959 955 —10 1029 1025 1021 1018 1014 1010 1006 1002 998 904 a 1068 1064 1061 1057 1053 1049 1045 1041 1037 1033 +0 1068 1072 1076 1080 1084 1088 1092 1096 1100 1104 is 10 1107 1111 1115 1119 1123 1127 1131 1135 1139 1143 —80 1262 1256 1249 1243 1236 1230 1223 1217 1210 1204 70 1328 1321 1315 1308 1302 1295 1289 1282 1276 1269 —60 1393 1387 1380 1374 1367 1360 1354 1347 1341 1334 a5 1450 1452 1445 1439 1432 1426 1419 1413 1406 1400 —40 1524 1517 1511 1504 1498 1491 1485 1478 1472 1465 —30 1589 1583 1576 1570 1563 1557 1550 1543 1537 1530 —20 1655 1648 1642 1635 1628 1622 1615 1609 1602 1506 —i0 1720 1713 1707 1700 1694 1687 1681 1674 1668 1661 wo 1785 1779 1772 1766 1759 1753 1746 1740 1733 1726 +0 1785 1792 1798 1805 1811 1818 1825 1831 1838 1844 ab 10 1851 1857 1864 1870 1877 1883 1890 1896 1903 1910 —30 1032 1026 1021 1015 1010 1005 999 994 989 983 —70 1085 1080 1074 1069 1064 1058 1053 1048 1042 1037 —60 1138 1133 1128 1122 1117 1112 1106 1101 1096 1090 —50 1192 1186 1181 1176 1170 1165 1160 1154 1149 1144 —40 1245 1240 1234 1229 1224 1218 1213 1208 1202 1197 —30 1299 1293 1288 1282 1277 1272 1266 1261 1256 1250 —20 1352 1347 1341 1336 1331 1325 1320 1315 1309 1304 —i0 1405 1400 1395 1389 1384 1370 1373 1368 1363 1357 vay 1450 1453 1448 1443 1437 1432 1427 1421 1416 1411 40 1459 1464 1469 1475 1480 1485 1491 1496 1501 1507 ei 10 1512 1517 1523 1528 1533 1530 1544 1549 1555 1560 (continued) SMITHSONIAN METEOROLOGICAL TABLES 232 TABLE 52 (CONTINUED) GEOPOTENTIAL COMPUTATIONS TABLE 52 B.—Geopotential differences between consecutive standard isobaric surfaces for various mean adjusted virtual temperatures (t’mv) Standard ene es oS °C. Oo WghT gh? ea. fa yess) Fe: eee Beene 1 OAS aa nr SMe getanh ee et Ae An RAGNAROS CMS SSS Oecd aS gpm. gpm. gpm. gpm. gpm. gpm. gpm. gpm. gpm. gpm. —100 1459 1451 1442 1434 1425 1417 1409 1400 1392 1383 — 90 1543 1535 1526 1518 1510 1501 1493 1484 1476 1467 — 80 1628 1619 1611 1602 1594 1585 1577 1569 1560 1552 — 70 1712 1703 1695 1687 1678 1670 1661 1653 1644 1636 — 60 1796 AZS87 79) AZ e762) M754 W746 1737 1729 e720 — 50 1880 1872 1864 1855 1847 1838 1830 1821 1813 1805 — 40 1965 1956 1948 1939 1931 1923 1914 1906 1897 1889 — 30 2049 2040 2032 2024 2015 2007 1998 1990 1981 1973 — 20 2133 2125 2116 2108 2099 2091 2083 2074 2066 2057 — 10 2217 2209 2201 2192 2184 2175 2167 2158 2150 2142 ah — 0 2302 2293 2285 2276 2268 2260 2251 2243 2234 2226 —100 1132 1125 1119 1112 1106 1099 1093 1086 1079 1073 — 90 1197) OT S47 ele 64 SS la Sle A Sess — 80 1262) 1256) 11249) 911243) 91236) 1230) 12231217 — 1210) 1204 — 70 1328 1321 1315 1308 1302 1295 1289 1282 1276 1269 — 60 1393 1387 1380 1374 1367 1360 1354 1347 1341 1334 — 50 1459 1452 1445 1439 1432 1426 1419 1413 1406 1400 — 40 1524 1517 1511 1504 1498 1491 1485 1478 1472 1465 — 30 1589 1583 1576 1570 1563 1557 1550 1543 1537 1530 — 20 1655 1648 1642 1635 1628 1622 1615 1609 1602 1596 — 10 1720 1713 1707 1700 1694 1687 1681 1674 1668 1661 a — 0 WAS 79 AAT), WAGON WE7590 753) 17468 740 7338 1720 — 90 11977 MAST VIMS4" 7 A 64 SS IS 4S ass — 80 1262, 1256) 12495 91243031236) 91230) 2235081207 7 1210) 1204: — 70 1328 1321 1315 1308 1302 1295 1289 1282 1276 1269 — 60 1393 1387 1380 1374 1367 1360 1354 1347 1341 1334 — 50 1459 1452 1445 1439 1432 1426 1419 1413 1406 1400 — 40 1524 1517 1511 1504 1498 1491 1485 1478 1472 1465 — 30 1589) 21583) 1576) 11570) 91563) 15570 1550) 15435 1537ee1550 — 20 1655 1648 1642 1635 1628 1622 1615 1609 1602 1596 — 10 1720 1713 1707 1700 1694 1687 1681 1674 1668 1661 oe — 0 1785; 1779! 1772 1766. 1759" 1753 1746981740) 1733) 1726 — 90 978 973 967 962 957 951 946 941 935 930 — 80 1032 1026 1021 1015 1010 1005 999 994 989 983 — 70 1085 1080 1074 1069 1064 1058 1053 1048 1042 1037 — 60 1138° 133) 28 1122 17 WH? 11060101 1096" 1090 — 50 1192 1186 1181 1176 1170 1165 1160 1154 1149 1144 — 40 1245 1240 1234 1229 1224 1218 1213 1208 1202 1197 — 30 1299) 11298" 1288) W282)1277" 1272 126626 1256) 1250 — 20 1352 1347, 1341 91336) 91331) 1325) 13201315, 1309) 1304 — 10 1405 1400 1395 1389 1384 1379 1373 1368 1363 1357 — 0 1459 1453 1448 1443 1437 1432 1427 1421 1416 1411 3 + 0 1459 1464 1469 1475 1480 1485 1491 1496 1501 1507 (continued) SMITHSONIAN METEOROLOGICAL TABLES TABLE 52 (CONTINUED) 233 GEOPOTENTIAL COMPUTATIONS TABLE 52 B.—Geopotential differences between consecutive standard isobaric surfaces for various mean adjusted virtual temperatures (t'mv) Standard pe ele r sae on Oe ye ates) Ay Ge) Soro. cea Urs rete heel ee Lo Utt AINA TS REN OER OMe ead MR ate cididitey ieie atau locate saa gpm. gpm. gpm. gpm. gpm. gpm. gpm. gpm. gpm. gpm. —100 2056 2045 2033 2021 2009 1997 1985 1973 1961 1950 — 90 2175 2163 2151 2140 2128 2116 2104 2092 2080 2068 — 80 2294 2282 2270 2258 2246 2235 2223 2211 2199 2187 — 70 2413 2401 2389 2377 2365 2353 2341 2330 2318 2306 — 60 2531 2520 2508 2496 2484 2472 2460 2448 2436 2425 — 50 2650 2638 2626 2615 2603 2591 2579 2567 2555 2543 — 40 2769 2757 2745 2733 2721 2710 2698 2686 2674 2662 — 30 2888 2876 2864 2852 2840 2828 2817 2805 2793 2781 — 20 3007 2995 2983 2971 2959 2947 2935 2923 2912 2900 — 10 3125 3113 3102 3090 3078 3066 3054 3042 3030 3018 ; — 0 3244 13232 -<3220" 320891 3197.23185 3173. 3161, 3149) 3137 Sy oxen ty Ride! RF Wiel MORRIE mE VRC FPN OE RE ee AE ERR ERAT eae Tore ores —100 1459 1451 1442 1434 1425 1417 1409 1400 1392 1383 — 90 1543 1535 1526 1518 1510 1501 1493 1484 1476 1467 — 80 1628 1619 1611 1602 1594 1585 1577 1569 1560 1552 — 70 1712 1703 1695 1687 1678 1670 1661 1653 1644 1636 — 60 4796 2788) 47796 1774) 1762 211754 17465 1737 1729 1720 — 50 1880 1872 1864 1855 1847 1838 1830 1821 1813 1805 — 40 1965 1956 1948 1939 1931 1923 1914 1906 1897 1889 — 30 2049 2040 2032 2024 2015 2007 1998 1990 1981 1973 — 20 2133 2125 2116 2108 2099 2091 2083 2074 2066 2057 — 10 PAN 2209 B220 AIO Z SISA 2175) 21678 2158) 2050) 2142 4 — 0 2302 2293 2285 2276 2268 2260 2251 2243 2234 2226 —100 1132 1125 1119 1112 1106 1099 1093 1086 1079 1073 — 90 1197 eC MSs eames eeiG4 TISSen isle 4S iss — 80 1262) 911256) 91249) 12431236230 12288 1217) 1210) 1204 — 70 1328 1321 1315 1308 1302 1295 1289 1282 1276 1269 — 60 1393 1387 1380 1374 1367 1360 1354 1347 1341 1334 — 50 1459 1452 1445 1439 1432 1426 1419 1413 1406 1400 — 40 1524 1517 1511 1504 1498 1491 1485 1478 1472 1465 — 30 1589 1583 1576 1570 1563 1557 1550 1543 1537 1530 — 20 1655 1648 1642 1635 1628 1622 1615 1609 1602 1596 — 10 1720 1713 1707 1700 1694 1687 1681 1674 1668 1661 a — 0 1785 1779 1772 1766 1759 1753 1746 1740 1733 1726 —100 925 919 914 909 903 898 893 887 882 877 — 90 O78) 1973) 967 962, 957) O51 946) SA 935 930 — 80 1032 1026 1021 1015 1010 1005 999 994 989 983 — 70 1085 1080 1074 1069 1064 1058 1053 1048 1042 1037 — 60 DSS 33h ZS 2 72 OG tO O26 1090 — 50 1192 1186 1181 1176 1170 1165 1160 1154 1149 1144 — 40 1245 1240 1234 1229 1224 1218 1213 1208 1202 1197 — 30 129971293)" 1288 1282 1277, 1272 A266) 1261 256250 — 20 1352 1347 1341 1336 1331 1325 1320 1315 1309 1304 — 10 1405 1400 1395 1389 1384 1379 1373 1368 1363 1357 on — 0 1459 1453 1448 1443 1437 1432 1427 1421 1416 1411 (continued) SMITHSONIAN METEOROLOGICAL TABLES 234 TABLE 52 (CONTINUED) GEOPOTENTIAL COMPUTATIONS TABLE 52 B.—Geopotential differences between consecutive standard isobaric surfaces for various mean adjusted virtual temperatures (t’mv) 3303 3556 3759 3962 4165 4368 Standard gegbarie t wah °C. Or. 1 Diana ted gpm. gpm. gpm. gpm. gpin. —100 3516 3495 3475 3455 3434 — 90 3719 3698 3678 3658 3637 eR) 3922 3901 3881 3861 3840 — 7/0 4125 4104 4084 4064 4043 — 60) 4328 4307 4287 4267 4246 == 0) 4531 4510 4490 4470 4449 — 40 4734 4713 4693 4673 4652 — 30 4937 4916 4896 4876 4855 — 20 5140 5119 5099 5079 5058 — 10 5343 5322 5302 5282 5261 - — 0 5546 5525 5505 5485 5465 —100 2056 2045 2033 2021 2009 — 90 2175 2163 2151 2140 2128 — 80 2294 2282 2270 2258 2246 — 70 2413 2401 2389 2377 2365 — 60 2531 2520 2508 2496 2484 — 50 2650 2638 2626 2615 2603 — 40 2169 92757 2745182733272) — 30 2888 2876 2864 2852 2840 — 20 3007 2995 2983 2971 2959 — 10 3125 3113 3102 3090 3078 e — 0 3244 3232 3220 3208 3197 —100 1459 1451 1442 1434 1425 — 90 11543, 91535 W526 1518 e510 — 80 1628 1619 1611 1602 1594 — 70 1712 1703 1695 1687 1678 — 60 1796 1788 1779 1771 1762 — 50 1880 1872 1864 1855 1847 — 40 1965 1956 1948 1939 1931 — 30 2049 2040 2032 2024 2015 — 20 2133 2125 2116 2108 2099 — 10 2217 2209 2201 2192 2184 — 0 2302 2293 2285 2276 2268 QOD sicsieisn a, s1s:aiaVorayshansianavony chow eves aha a> ayer sies tala Groteis fat otal erat ootetene Pabulaoss ats aatate ove tel ete talc tanta ae oe (continued) SMITHSONIAN METEOROLOGICAL TABLES TABLE 52 (CONTINUED) 235 GEOPOTENTIAL COMPUTATIONS TABLE 52 C.—Geopotential difference between a given pressure and the nearest standard pressure surface below it, for a mean adjusted virtual temperature of 0°C. Geopotential pov So Ra ho Ba ha Oe. gio (7 | aging gpm. gpm. gpm. gpm. gpm. gpm. gpm. gpm. gpm. gpm. 600 1233 1220 1207 1193 1180 1167 1154 1141 1127 1114 610 1101 1088 1075 1062 1049 1036 1023 1010 997 984 620 971 958 945 932 920 907 894 881 868 856 630 BAS ik BIOSIS 0S 79204780 767) 755 742 720 640 717 704 692 680 667 655 642 630 618 605 700 mb. stirface 650 503. 581 568 556 544 532 519 507 495 483 660 A7\) oA59n2 4470434000422) 0410 3980 386 374. .362 670 35021 a 330 S27 AMG 30G1 S201. 2708 267 | 255" 44 680 250s ce O20 DOS mh IOTEAB ISS: 73. Mh Te2% 150 ga" 127 690 [15u 1042 5¢ Ootet SOM GONE 57, 460 834. 23) Tt 700 552 541 529 518 506 495 484 472 461 450 710 ABO) CAZ7 OUR ALG AOSINGO4LNR See. 370) 360 349.338 750 mb. 720 327 un lGbao04ent 293) Imes 2u e271 | 260 240)! asemei297 surface 730 DIGL E2050) 1944 1SswmI Zan e162, 15". 140 129" Tis 740 10790 S7iab SGRNE Zot Odeua Sa) 43h 932 ot. at 750 516 506 495 484 474 463 453 442 431 421 760 AVO ni 4000 kse0 NS 7OmmbRsSS | 347) 337,327 316 800 mb. 770 300011205 05285 275264) esd «24a 233° 69950 218 surface 780 203) 1902 ISPnr 72mmitoo wonISL | 14h ABT 12) 0 790 1Olnho Oleme SOME ZOemGonssO 6" 40 130 20 a 10 800 485 475 465 455 445 435 425 415 405 396 810 B85 00376! |2S66uUNs5ONEIG46 386 327). 317 307. 207 850 mb. 820 287 ©) 12780, 1268 1) 258% 249 4230 «= 220") 910. 10° 200 surface 830 LOL AISI a6 OLnIsg nad? 133 123 Wd "04 840 Osta (S5bil 76m 60uM sya 47 4Ree 228-45 9 850 457 "448, 1 430.1420) 4209410 «401° 392 «382 «373 860 364). .354'- 345 3369327" 317 308. 299 «200 «280 900 mb. 870 BIA 262 253 0a AA 235 0b 25, 216°) 207 «10k 180 surface 880 180 A7i Vhuig2 S053 044734 | 1955% 116) 407. 68 890 GO WiarSOUL7L CIRG2 Om sa lh Aas os6r wor ae 9 900 ASS "424 \ f40S\0 406 397 19388 370. 371 362 353 910 BAA 335 008827 12318 6309 4500, 2020) 283. 274. 265 950 mb. 920 257 Wi DAs Gaxg30 231 M7 dos) 205°" tog) 187 — 179 surface 930 170 O162 0155 Baa eas 27 18 ie «= f02 183 940 Sh Gr 6G Wr soreROgI eae: “3A e FoR Ey 8 950 410 402 394 385 377 368 360 352 343 335 960 327 318 310 302 293 285 277 Ee “260 282 1000 mb. 970 244 235.) 207° <219 -2ik | 0S) 104 186. 178 | 1 surface 980 Pea itsar. 0 4S) ASR 108 et) 11S 10S)! Pez oaR 990 So 72 GE 456. 4S MM 32 2a ag 8 1000 300 382) 374° 366 358 350 342 335. 427° 316 1010 301 303° 295 287.270") 27. 263 255. “2as © 24b 1050 mb. 1020 939 224 Dig) 208 | B01) 193, 485 77— Teo dae surface 1030 154 146 \ 138. 131. 123° 115 “107 100 «G2 "es 1040 7) 69" | Gla) USS VAG) Sa eth aoa eels 8 (continued ) SMITHSONIAN METEOROLOGICAL TABLES 236 TABLE 52 (CONTINUED) GEOPOTENTIAL COMPUTATIONS TasLe 52 C.—Geopotential difference between a given pressure and the nearest standard pressure surface below it, for a mean adjusted virtual temperature of 0°C. Geopotential differences from the 300 mb. surface 350 mb. surface 400 mb. surface 500 mb. surface 600 mb. surface Pressure mb. I ee, 1 gpm. 1427 1114 813 523 244 1207 945 SMITHSONIAN METEOROLOGICAL TABLES 2 3 gpm. gpm. 1395 1363 1084 1053 784 755 495 467 216 189 1180 1154 920 894 667 642 422 398 185 162 1023 1000 799 777 Sle 59 368 347 162 141 1745 1726 1549 1529 1357 1338 1170s oh151 986 968 807 790 6320615 461 444 293 277 1290) 103 1427 1411 1269 1253 1114 1099 962 947 813 799 667 653 523 n2509 382 368 244 230 107. 94 (continued) 4 gpm. 5 gpm. 6 gpm. 1332 1300 1269 1023 725 439 162 DLZ7 868 993 696 410 134 1101 843 593 350 115 955 733 516 306 101 1686 1491 1300 1114 932 962 667 382 107 7 8 9 gpm. gpm. gpm. 1238 1207 1176 932.902, "873 638 609 581 354 327 299 SO) Saw 27 1049 1023 997 792 767 742 544 519 495 303) 2279) @Z55 69 46" gezs 910 888 865 689 667 645 474 453 431 264 244 223 60—.40 20 1647 1627 1607 1452 1433 1414 1263 1244 1225 1078 1059 1041 896 879 861 719 *702: “G85 546. 529 a 512 3/7 360), _..343 211 | 194 «178 48 32 16 1347 1332 1316 1191 1176 1160 1038 1023 1008 888 873 858 740 725 711 595 581 566 453 439 424 313.299) 285 75, 162 148 40) 27 13 TABLE 52 (CONTINUED) 237 GEOPOTENTIAL COMPUTATIONS TABLE 52 C.—Geopotential difference between a given pressure and the nearest standard pressure surface below it, for a mean adjusted virtual temperature of 0°C. Geopotential differences Pressure from the mb. 0 ] 2, 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 gpm. gpm. gpm. gpm. gpm. gpm. gpm. gpm. gpm. gpm. 10 mb. 5 ye ee. 5546 dleze oad I 7eINeNeAs surface 15 mb. 10 3244 2481 1785 1145 552 surface 20 mb. 15 St se ale Cae ea ke cede 12802" AZ SSN 1300: R45 AIG surface 30 mb. 20 3244 2854 2481 2126 1785 1459 1145 843 552 271 surface 40 mb. 30 2302 2039 1785 1539 1300 1068 843 624 410 203 surface 50 mb. 40 1785 1588 1395 1207 1023 843 667 495 327 162 surface 60 mb. 50 1459 1300 1145 993 843 696 552 410 271 134 surface 80 mb. 60 2302 2169 2039 1911 1785 1661 1539 1419 1300 1183 surface 70 1068, ©955.| 843 733. 624.1516" 410, §306 4203. 101 100 mb. 80 1785 1686 1588 1491 1395 1300 1207 1114 1023 932 surface 90 843) 1755! 6670). 581% 495. 410) 327 244. 162) 80 125 mb 100 1785 1706 1627 1549 1472 1395 1319 1244 1170 1096 ae 110 1023 950 879" “807 737° 667. 598 529 461. 304 Sseriate 120 327," 5200 eal OPE COUE G4. oe en en thoy eee 150 mb 125 Stee vitae) ape ands wae P4500" 1305/9. 1332 MCGOnuAana ar 130 1145 1084 1023 962 902 843 784 725 667 609 Shetty 140 552.1. 495" 430" Biseoe 327 274 216) 162 |) 107m 54 175 mb 150 1233 1180 1127) 1075" 1023 971 F920P 968) Sig 767 ae 160 7G, (667 “G18 E568% 519) | 474. 4227 374.1) 3277279 AES 170 232% SIS PSIG ATE ORE ie AG. ich Sie. uae oe eee A a 200 mb 175 ba RUN NN ae ae 1068) 023910774 | Os2mecsRe eae 180 $43" 790. 755 £7114 667. 624 25815538" “40500. 453 SBP race 190 410) S68) 327). 2855 24d) 203. 62) I) aS 200 1785 1745 1706 1666 1627 1588 1549 1510 1472 1433 210 1395 1357 1319 1281 1244 1207 1170 1133 1096 1059 250 mb. 220 1023); 986. "950" S014) 879° “843° 1807) 7725 737, nee surface 230 667 632 598 563 529 495 461 427 394 360 240 397.203) > 2oU e227 wa tOde) 62) 20nd. Oza), GAMES (continued) SMITHSONIAN METEOROLOGICAL TABLES 238 TABLE 52 (CONTINUED) GEOPOTENTIAL COMPUTATIONS TABLE 52 D.—Correction to geopotential differences given in Tables 52 A and 52C asa function of departure of mean adjusted virtual temperature from 0°C. For temperatures Geo- . diterence Dang Whig, gpm. 10 OP OR Oss Omn a0 20 Of eOF se Ole One cO 30 OQ 10°), 1 40 Ode Ove Oper 1 50 0; 0 il 1 1 60 0) @ al 1 1 70 0) 1 1 1 1 80 (Qari 1 1 1 90 0 1 1 1 2 100 OP 1 1 Zz 200 1 1 RNS Not! 300 1 ZnS) ae eS 400 1 Sra Ome, 500 DN hie Mah) 7 600 Zin Aen] wAO) call 700 8 Sige? IO 113} 800 Si On Oo lize |S 900. 3 (a0 SS 16 1000 ay ee ed Se eH 2000 7h AIK) ZOE AY Y/ 3000 It eSB EE 4000 120m 44 S975 5000 fs) Gs SS) 7, DZ Geo- Hveace | 10 204 ei boa, 23 gpm. 10 1 1 1 1 1 20 1 1 2) 2 ee 30 Zhe @ Lites eS 40 Seu OMe OF RO! iS 50 Stiga 450 Gee) od 60 Ae 4S ES TS 70 5 a Oe ONO 80 Obs 265 yO F260). o7 90 ONS JAC Rd. ahe RAO 100 TALE neo mLOhe tte 200 WA Ses UE Ge a7 300 Al 7 7B 400 fe oh VAL)» i it SYA NS SMITHSONIAN METEOROLOGICAL TABLES above added. below Mean adjusted virtual temperature—°C. 0°C. the values are to be ONT y WBA 6 OMLO MMe 126 gS yctd Ons, HOF sn Of > Ome On aeeO) ) Oar O oo Ore et, at Tg: Lae I Se ye eh le ele ete Nice ey ire TS BG Se eA RO RS oes Be a 298) es net 4 DLieahdis! GI eZee BZ) ZI 2. ars dhe. 2 2 ee BZ (SS Baio Qe U2 Tee i2 aN ORueese St hatS! (4 Bi Gay) Ee Sikans! Boke “4 Ac ate Ziel Toa) FON We Se Aan a, WUC Ones 2 ude Oi Ove whe “4g Ol beso 4D) Ga 7, oak | nS, SOE elOL EO ARS) 2095 NOME beet2. TS ela TS O10: 12 oS: es. Loy 18a Oo 2h ZZ 26" (29° 33-037 40" 44 a48 ot 667 s739y8l (838 39 66. 77 88 99 110 121 132 143 154 88 103 117 132 146 161 176 190 205 110 128 146 165 183 201 220 238 256 Mean adjusted virtual temperature—°C. ZA G25 s20r 27 28) 429), SO alae uae EA, Siete lho ol ie Wee Da eal 2) BOR ORR A ee, B22 | Sane 2 ee Soe wersiel! in Oy pron (St Ryd had qa ah ae ae Ge A Rage kD Age OY Ache Dig hit On -SuAAsO: (EO Bole Ole O) ivOr OM Sige Zena. 6. "Ga Sie od tee de Shite eS 7nd, Sie) Sys iSenwes OinenO. aeO Seam Oy Kes kD sho sO, 10 eal eit 439 458 476 494 513 531 549 567 586 (continued ) subtracted. —_ on mpbRWWHY NRE — ee — Oo MnP BWDHDYR eR — _ “NI AwnkPBWNH NYRR — oo AummBWWNr ee TABLE 52 (CONTINUED) GEOPOTENTIAL COMPUTATIONS 259 TaBLeE 52 D.—Correction to geopotential differences given in Tables 52 A and 52C asa function of departure of mean adjusted virtual temperature from 0°C-. Geo- potential difference gpm. Geo- potential difference above For temperatures Below 0°C. the values are to be Mean adjusted virtual temperature—°C. added. subtracted. B7 vse -a9 40" 4h" 42) 4S" 4445.9 46 9:47 7:48 -49 %50. SI 1 1 1 1 DUPOZ One Oh Dien meme AO ee ADT eee eB t BZ 3 ON PO pie ES IB OM Sh RGR RSE 3) ASR lA ie: ef Ama ewers Gant!) 5 OS. OS SR oS 5 AS WS GS 6 Seow eOwhEO tor wOLihiGh) OMe7 Girls ESS AZ. Veh Ad it EEL AO aOR) LO HCPL OR OME BLS 239° BO 19 S prs: Bo a9 S95) OF OF TO ONTO SO eal oe at i SO ed0: Oo 10 DR gS ee Z ais eles: 1s 1S 1 ea BE 2 BP 1S 1S 1S 13 es eal Std a4 5 15 2 e235 41S 13 14, 145 140 1429 15ek15 e815 Bo 716 616 «| TZ 4 Ada eee aS TS OSs 16 T6yy TOREL/ M817 F818. 1B 19. 2s, #28) 429° 29 38). Sie Sie 32h2 S3ar34 754 235 130° 37) Sz Al, R42 439 WAS 045, 46 47 AR aoe est w52 T5354 55 56 BA 95O), O57 25960". 620" 635264) 660967, BIG9 70 72 73). 75 CCH ZO eS D7 ot OO lamOcmnC4: wrOOMmCosinOOL E92) 693 Bl 683). 786. .88). 907 92.94" 597, 998101 103 105 108 110) 112 95 97 100 103 105 108 110 113 115 118 120 123 126 128 131 108 111 114 117 120 123 126 129 132 135 138 141 144 146 149 122 125 128 132 135 138 142 145 148 152 155 158 161 165 168 135 139 143 146 150 154 157 161 165 168 172 176 179 183 187 271 278 286 293 300 308 315 322 329 337 344 351 359 366 373 406 417 428 439 450 461 472 483 494 505 516 527 538 549 560 542 556 571 586 600 615 630 644 659 674 688 703 718 732 747 677 696 714 732 750 769 787 805 824 842 860 879 897 915 934 Mean adjusted virtual temperature—°C Soi 500H (5740 58:5 S9im Gre Glee 621m G5he G4iee 65 67 Ze 2; 2 Z 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 Z 4 4 + + 4 - 4 5 5 5 5 5 5 6 6 6 6 6 7 7 i, 7 i 7h 7 7 8 8 8 8 9 9 9 9 9 Oe Os OR nO LOM OR OR LI I ee Te TA 2a 2s 2 LZR RS ASTM Se) Sie sie LAD Ate TA TA aes 15 AR See oie sl Steel Se OMA C Onun sl Omens Oren 1 /iem e lism / Gp OM t/t el tee ay el Sa Lommel Simm some Olea Otel Otte 2) LS Sie OR Ot lOP ZO ZO 2 Ont eile2e 2 2 eee ZOO IAL Zien ZIRE 22eE) 2207, | 220 Zan Zones comy Lave ete 25 40m 415% 42 42% 43) 44) 45. 45) 46904779 48h 48h 49 GON EGZLEGS1)f G4). 6 508) 664.1267) YLOSITOO? ZORe ZINN 7200 74 SIRE ES2reSStas 85" [86e7, (88 SO" LI9T. 792). 9408 (955 97.898 AOINE TOF LO4AT 106 108) 110: SII 2e1 132 15 Ol 719 A218 123 TZ MIZSr M25) FEZ 7 SO M326 1345 136 SSBC141 C2143) 1451147 141 144 146 149 151 154 156 159 161 164 167 169 172 161 164 167 170 173 176 179 182 185 187 190 193 196 181 185 188 191 194 198 201 204 208 211 214 217 221 201220505209) 21296216) *220'0223%% 227) ©2312. 2345238! 524291245 403 410 417 425 432 439 447 454 461 469 476 483 491 604 ele 626 637 648 659 670 681 692 703 714 725 736 805 820 835 849 864 879 893 923 937 952 966 981 52 53 54 hy 4 Na wha 6 M6 6 8) esas 10 10 10 ll 12942 13 14 14 15 16 16 17. 18 19 19 20 38 39 40 57 58 59 76 78 79 95 97 99 114 116 119 133 136 138 152 155 158 171 1750178 190 194 198 381 388 395 571 582 593 761 776 791 952 970 988 68 69 70 Di) ABR a 5 Abas a5 7 8 8 10 10 10 12>) Geos 15) tl 05 17.) ee Is 20° 20121 22. Pap i28 25) 1) 2500.26 RO) Sil Sl 75 | 76% a2 100 101 103 124 126 128 149 152 154 174 177 179 199 202 205 224 2270231 249 253 256 498 505 513 47 758 769 747 996 1010 1025 8 879 893 908 OBZ 1007 1025 1043 1062 1080 1098 1117 1135 1153 1171 1190 1208 1226 1245 1263 1281 SMITHSONIAN METEOROLOGICAL TABLES (continued) 240 TABLE 52 (CONCLUDED) GEOPOTENTIAL COMPUTATIONS Taste 52 D.—Correction to geopotential differences given in Tables 52 A and 52C as a function of departure of mean adjusted virtual temperatures from 0°C. above added. below subtracted. Geo- Mean adjusted virtual temperature—°C. otential oo ch EON ifference AZ) PAS GA 75" 70" 20 18) 79" Vi80 Gla G2. ghOd wisaa med For temperatures 0°C. the values are to be gpm 10 SES HO OR Oulbe SS Ok Oh) Oy Lek) WRG) ORS 0 NYS te he aan 20 SS ES STS OO 6m 6b 260 YO" IG 26) iy Onin GO MeMOnmnG 30 SS) BS Sets 6. 8. (Sty Ba) Oe MEOl) oaOl SO. Olas Oa Came 40 HOH Ty SN DOW Lien 0 PIS) 12 <2 2 ee ee 50 U3) WS, MS Pea 4 4 048 a AS oS) S515 Steals ete 60 165 1G) “416 PAG MIG MeN 7et) 17ee 1 Te) AS S| IS Sess ais 70 LS. 1S IO P19 AGE ISS 20.) 20% 201) 221 221 at 2a 22 eae 80 ZW 21. wal R220 022m) 2208 230. 29) 23) 25. za 424 Y 2a onezon aes 90 BS), 24: 124 O24" 25 25.0) 250) ZO 20 2G. 92%) 27 27 eee ae 100 26) S26) 127. 627 WiZ7 shZ280) 2828) 29" \.29' 29 30 750 SSO es ahn 200 52937103 ote 95 F700 S000 OF th Sey coo) 159) 160 mnOlunmozen Gs 300 £85 79) 80) GOL, W821 830") 85" 860) 87" NSS’ VSO" 190 sO let oze ae 1 4000 1040 1054 1069 1084 1098 1113 1128 1142 1157 1171 1186 1201 1215 1230 1245 5000 1300 1318 1336 1355 1373 1391 1409 1428 1446 1464 1483 1501 1519 1538 1556 oes ; Mean adjusted virtual temperature—°C. potentia ———————————— difference 86) 1879988 6: BOF" OOO" O11 928° 93 04" 95°" 96" (97-98 99S 100 gpm. 10 Sh Oke Nh SN She Stl ON SMS Sk Se PA ARES ae 20 Orie JOR OR ZR) Tin: Sie Tb ST Te Te TET 8 TEL Ta ce 30 ON AOR LOR LOM LOe TON LON ROS 102, A104 eT a Gn RS lear 40 TSS AS TS) AS) 1s. TSH. TA aS a ae 1A aS STAs es 50 AGM OMe 16a VIG LORY ES Es Wat AGEL LIES Ai 18) tae Gee aloe mele 60 AO LODE LORE ZO) ZONE" 20M, ZOLt 2OME 21k Ze te 1G 2 ome eee 70 ZO TALw VAS Coy Zot Zon ZAve Zar, Zan sh ZAC e256) 254) Zowee ZF wea 80 Zot Zon 2OWE ZO i 12OMl 27a 276s 270d ZO WLONZO4e ZO" COME aon ae 90 ZONE 2905 29 9 29x SOTs! 30% SOG Sa SI) Sl SZ) S28 Soe doe ee 100 SL iOZWe. SOI) (Souk Say i OS ‘Sau 4) G4an OER GOA COR GOP OOlN mag 200 OS G4, G4), G55 O60), G7) 16708 (O8Ph 69 4 70 708s JIE 720 ae ne 300 94), 96. ~ 97°" 98, 99100) 101 1027 1039104105) 107-9108 2109) 110 800 252 255 258 261 264 267 269 272 275 278 281 284 287 290 293 900 283 287 290 293 297 300 303 306 310 313 316 320 323 326 329 1000 315 318 322 326 329 333 337 340 344 348 351 355 359 362 366 2000 630 637 644 652 659 666 674 681 688 696 703 710 718 825 732 3000 945 955 966 977 988 999 1010 1021 1032 1043 1054 1065 1076 1087 1098 4000 1259 1274 1289 1303 1318 1333 1347 1362 1376 1391 1406 1420 1435 1450 1464 5000 1574 1592 1611 1629 1647 1666 1684 1702 1721 1739 1757 1776 1794 1812 1830 SMITHSONIAN METEOROLOGICAL TABLES TABLES 53-56 241 THICKNESS AND MEAN ADJUSTED VIRTUAL TEMPERATURE OF STRATA BETWEEN STANDARD ISOBARIC SURFACES Aerological charts are usually prepared for the 1000-, 850-, 700-, 500-, 300-, 200-, and 100-millibar standard isobaric surfaces. Tables 53 and 54 give the thickness of the stratum between each of the above standard isobaric surfaces and every other such surface as a function of the mean adjusted virtual temperature (°C.). Table 53 gives the results in geopotential meters and Table 54 in geopotential feet. Tables 55 and 56 give the mean adjusted virtual temperature (°C.) of the stratum between each successive pair of standard isobaric surfaces listed above and for the 1000-700- millibar stratum as a function of the thickness in geopotential meters (Table 55) and geopotential feet (Table 56). Computations were based on the following equations for data in geopotential meters and geopotential feet, respectively (see p. 224): A® yom = 67.442 (273.16 + t'mv) logio = (1) 2 and — A®gpr¢ = 221.266 (273.16 + f'mv) loge (2) where A®gpm = thickness of the stratum in geopotential meters, A®gp7: = thickness of the stratum in geopotential feet, t'me —= mean adjusted virtual temperature of the stratum (°C.) (see Table 72), f1= pressure of the base of the stratum, fa= pressure at the top of the stratum. SMITHSONIAN METEOROLOGICAL TABLES 242 TABLE 53 THICKNESS IN GEOPOTENTIAL METERS OF STRATA BETWEEN STANDARD ISOBARIC SURFACES AS A FUNCTION OF MEAN ADJUSTED VIRTUAL TEMPERATURE t’mv 850 mb. 2c, gpm. 60 1586 59 1581 58 1576 57 1572 56 1567 55 1562 54 1557 53 1553 52 1548 51 1543 50 1538 49 1534 48 1529 47 1524 46 1519 45 1514 as 1510 43 1505 42 1500 41 1495 40 1491 39 1486 38 1481 37 1476 36 1472 35 1467 34 1462 33 1457 32 1453 31 1448 30 1443 29 1438 28 1434 27 1429 26 1424 25 1419 24 1415 23 1410 22 1405 21 1400 20 1395 19 1391 18 1386 17 1381 16 1376 15 1372 14 1367 13 1362 12 1357 11 1353 700 mb. 500 mb. 300 mb. gpm. 3480 3470 3460 3449 3439 3428 gpm. 6561 6541 6520 6500 6480 6459 6439 6419 6398 6378 6358 6337 6317 6297 6277 6256 6236 6216 6195 6175 6155 6134 6114 6094 6074 6053 6033 6013 5992 5972 5952 5931 5911 5891 5871 5850 5830 5810 5789 5769 (Explanation on p. 241.) Thickness between 1000 mb. and gpm. 11043 11008 10973 10937 10902 10867 10832 10796 10761 10726 10691 10655 10620 10585 10550 10514 10479 10444 10409 10373 10338 10303 10267 10232 10197 10162 10126 10091 10056 10021 SMITHSONIAN METEOROLOGICAL TABLES 200 mb. gpm. gpm. 14762 14715 14668 14621 14574 14527 14480 14432 14385 14338 14291 20446 14244 20378 14197 920311 14150 20243 14102 20176 14055 20109 14008 20041 13961 19974 13914 19906 13867 19839 13820 19771 13772 19704 13725 19636 13678 19569 13631 19502 13584 19434 13537 19367 13490 19299 13442 19232 13395 19164 (continued) 100 mb. gpm. 1838 1832 1826 1821 1815 1809 1804 1798 1792 1787 1781 1775 1769 1764 1758 1752 1747 1741 1735 1730 1724 1718 1713 1707 1701 1696 1690 1684 1679 1673 1667 1661 1656 1650 1644 1639 1633 1627 1622 1616 gpm. 5023 5007 4991 4976 4960 4945 4929 4914 4898 4883 4867 4852 4836 4820 4805 4789 4774 4758 4743 4727 4712 4696 4681 4665 4650 4634 4618 4603 4587 4572 4556 4541 4525 4510 4494 4479 4463 4447 4432 4416 gpm. Thickness between 850 mb. and 700 mb. 500 mb. 300 mb. 200 mb. gpm. 13272 13229 13187 13145 13102 13060 13017 12975 12933 12890 12848 12805 12763 12721 12678 12636 12594 12551 12509 12466 12424 12382 12339 12297 12255 12212 12170 12127 12085 12043 100 mb, gpm. 19003 18940 18877 18815 18752 18689 18627 | 18564 18501 18438 18376 18313 18250 18188 18125 18062 18000 17937 17874 17812 TABLE 53 (CONTINUED) 243 THICKNESS IN GEOPOTENTIAL METERS OF STRATA BETWEEN STANDARD ISOBARIC SURFACES AS A FUNCTION OF MEAN ADJUSTED VIRTUAL TEMPERATURE Thickness between 1000 mb. and Umov °o — MQ No ka> iid CONIA HPWH O HFPNWAUM ANOS =—9 850 mb. gpm. 1348 1343 1338 1334 1329 1324 1319 1315 1310 1305 1300 1296 1291 1286 1281 1276 1272 1267 1262 1257 1253 1248 1243 1238 1234 1229 1224 1219 1215 1210 1205 1200 1196 1191 1186 1181 77. 1172 1167 1162 1157 1153 1148 1143 1138 1134 1129 1124 1119 1115 700 mb. 5 gpm. 2958 2948 2937 2927 2916 2906 2895 2885 2875 2864 2854 2843 2833 2822 2812 2801 2971 2781 2770 2760 2749 2739 2728 2718 2707 2697 2687 2676 2666 2655 2645 2634 2624 2613 2603 2593 2582 2972 2561 25951 2540 2530 2519 2509 2498 2488 2478 2467 2457 2446 00 mb. 300 5749 5728 5708 5688 5668 5647 5627 5607 5586 5566 5546 5525 5505 5485 5465 5444 5424 5404 5383 5363 5343 5322 5302 9282 5261 5241 gpm. 9985 9950 9915 9880 9844 9809 9774 9739 9703 9668 9633 9597 9562 9527 9492 9456 9421 9386 9351 9315 9280 9245 SMITHSONIAN METEOROLOGICAL TABLES mb. 200 mb. 100 mb. gpm. gpm. 13348 19097 13301 19029 13254 18962 13207. 18895 13160 18827 13112 18760 13065 18692 13018 18625 12971 18557 12924 18490 12877. = 18422 12830 18355 12782 18288 12735 18220 12688 18153 12641 18085 12594 18018 12547 17950 12500 17883 12452 17815 12405 17748 12358 17681 12311 7GNS 12264 17546 12217 17478 12170 17411 12123 17343 12075 17276 12028 17209 11981 17141 11934 17074 11887 17006 11840 16939 11793 = 16871 11745 16804 11698 16736 11651 16669 11604 16602 11557 = 16534 11510 16467 11463 16399 11415) 16332 11368 16264 11321 16197 11274 16129 11227 16062 11180 15995 11133 15927 11085 15860 11038 15792 (continued ) 700 mb. 500 gpm. 1610 1605 1599 1593 1588 1582 1576 1570 1565 1559 1553 1548 1542 1536 1531 1525 Thickness between 850 mb. and gpm. 4401 mb. 300 mb. 200 mb. gpm. 12000 11958 11916 11873 11831 11788 11746 11704 11661 11619 11576 11534 11492 11449 11407 11365 11322 11280 11237 11195 11153 11110 11068 11026 10983 10941 10898 10856 100 mb. gpm. 17749 17686 17624 17561 17498 17436 17373 17310 17248 17185 17122 17059 16997 16934 16871 16809 16746 16683 16621 16558 16495 16433 16370 16307 16245 16182 16119 16057 15994 15931 15869 15806 15743 15680 15618 15555 15492 15430 15367 15304 15242 15179 15116 15054 14991 14928 14866 14803 14740 14678 244 TABLE 53 (CONTINUED) THICKNESS IN GEOPOTENTIAL METERS OF STRATA BETWEEN STANDARD ISOBARIC SURFACES AS A FUNCTION OF MEAN ADJUSTED VIRTUAL TEMPERATURE Thickness between 1000 mb. and t'mv “GC; —40 —41 —42 —43 —44 —45 —46 —47 —48 —49 —50 Beh —52 —53 —54 —55 —56 —57 —58 —59 —60 —61 —62 —63 —64 —65 —66 —67 —68 —69 —~70 Ea a a5 —74 —75 —76 —77 —78 —79 —80 Ei —82 —83 —84 —85 —86 —87 —88 —89 850 mb. gpm. 1110 1105 700 mb. 500 mb. gpm. 2436 2425 2415 2404 2394 2384 2373 2363 2352 2342 2331 2321 2310 2300 2290 2279 2269 2258 2248 2237 2227 2216 2206 2196 2185 2175 2164 2154 2143 2133 2122 2112 2101 2091 2081 2070 2060 2049 2039 2028 gpm. 4734 4713 4693 300 mb. gpm. 8222 8187 8152 8116 8081 8046 8011 7975 7940 7905 7870 7834 7799 7764 7728 7693 7658 7623 7587 7552 7517 7482 7446 7411 7376 7341 7305 7270 7235 7199 7164 7129 7094 7058 7023 6988 6953 6917 6882 6847 SMITHSONIAN METEOROLOGICAL TABLES 200 mb. 100 mb. gpm. gpm. 10991 15725 10944 15657 10897 15590 10850 15522 10803 15455 10755 15388 10708 15320 10661 15253 10614 15185 10567 =15118 10520 15050 10473 14983 10425 14915 10378 14848 10331 14781 10284 14713 10237 14646 10190 14578 10143-14511 10095 14443 10048 14376 10001 14308 9954 14241 9907. +=14174 9860 14106 9813 14039 9766 13971 9718 13904 9671 13836 9624 13769 9577. 13702 9530 13634 9483 13567 9436 13499 9388 13432 9341 13364 9294 13297 9247 13229 9200 13162 9153 13095 (continued) Thickness between 850 mb. and 700 mb. 500 mb. 300 mb. 200 mb. 100mb. gpm. 1326 1320 1315 1309 gpm, 3624 3608 3593 3577 3562 3546 3531 3515 3499 3484 3468 3453 3437 3422 3406 3391 3375 3360 3344 3328 3313 3297 3282 3266 3251 3235 3220 3204 3189 3173 3157 3142 3126 3111 3095 3080 3064 3049 3033 3018 gpm. 7112 7082 7051 7021 gpm. 9881 9839 9797 9754 9712 9669 9627 9585 9542 9500 9457 9415 9373 9330 9288 9246 9203 9161 9118 gpm. 14615 14552 14490 14427 14364 14301 14239 14176 14113 14051 13988 13925 13863 13800 13737 13675 13612 13549 13487 13424 13361 13299 13236 13173 131d 13048 12985 12922 12860 12797 12734 12672 12609 12546 12484 12421 12358 12296 12233 12170 12108 12045 11982 11920 11857 11794 11732 11669 11606 11543 TABLE 53 (CONTINUED) 245 THICKNESS IN GEOPOTENTIAL METERS OF STRATA BETWEEN STANDARD ISOBARIC SURFACES AS A FUNCTION OF MEAN ADJUSTED VIRTUAL TEMPERATURE Thickness between 700 mb. and t'mv 500 mb. eC; gpm. 40 3086 39 3076 38 3067 37 3057 36 3047 35 3037 34 3027 33 3017 32 3007 31 2998 30 2988 29 2978 28 2968 27 2958 26 2948 25 2938 24 2929 23 2919 22 2909 7A 2899 20 2889 19 2879 18 2869 il7/ 2860 16 2850 15 2840 14 2830 13 2820 12 2810 11 2800 10 2791 9 2781 8 2771 7 2761 6 2751 5 2741 4 2731 3 2722 2 2712 1 2702 0 2692 —1 2682 —2 2672 —3 2662 —4 2653 —5 2643 —6 2633 —7 2623 —8 2613 —9 2603 300 mb. 200 mb. gpm. 7772 7747 7722 7697 7672 7648 7623 7598 7573 7548 7524 7499 7474 7449 7424 7399 7375 7350 7325 7300 7275 7251 7226 7201 7176 7151 7126 7102 7077 7052 7027 7002 6978 6953 6928 6903 6878 6853 6829 6804 6779 6754 6729 6705 6680 6655 6630 6605 6580 6556 gpm. 11491 11454 11417 11381 11344 11307 11271 11234 11197 11161 11124 11087 11050 11014 10977 10940 10904 10867 10830 10794 10757 10720 10684 10647 10610 10573 10537 10500 10463 10427 10390 10353 10317 10280 10243 10207 10170 10133 10096 10060 10023 100 mb. gpm. 17279 17222 17165 17108 17051 16994 16937 16880 16823 16766 16709 16652 16595 16538 16481 16424 16367 16310 16253 16196 16139 16082 16025 15968 15911 15854 15797 15740 15683 15626 15569 15512 15455 15398 15341 15284 15227 15170 15113 15056 SMITHSONIAN METEOROLOGICAL TABLES Thickness between 500 mb. and 300 mb. 200 mb. gpm. gpm. 4536 8136 4521 8109 4506 8082 4491 8056 4476 8029 4461 8002 4446 97975 4431 7948 4416 7921 4401 7895 4386 7868 4371 7841 4356 7814 4341 7787 4326 7760 4311 7734 4296 7707 4282 7680 4267 7653 4252 7626 4237 7599 4222 7573 4207 7546 4192 7519 4177 7492 4162 7465 4147 7438 4132 7412 4117 7385 4102 7358 4087 7331 4072 7304 4057) i 7277 4042 7251 4027 7224 4012 7197 3997 7170 3982 7143 3967 7116 3952 7089 (continued) 100 mb. gpm. 14291 14244 14197 14150 14102 14055 14008 13961 13914 13867 13820 13772 13725 13678 13631 13584 13537 13490 13442 13395 13348 13301 13254 13207 13160 13112 13065 13018 12971 12924 12877 12830 12782 12735 12688 12641 12594 12547 12500 12452 Ee between 0 mb. and 200 mi 100 mb. gpm. gpm. 200 mb. and 100 mb. gpm. 246 TABLE 53 (CONTINUED) THICKNESS IN GEOPOTENTIAL METERS OF STRATA BETWEEN STANDARD ISOBARIC SURFACES AS A FUNCTION OF MEAN ADJUSTED VIRTUAL TEMPERATURE Thickness between Thickness between Thickness between 700 mb. and 500 mb. and 300 mb. and 200 mb. and t’mv 500 mb. 300 mb. 200 mb. 100 mb. 300 mb. 200 mb. 100 mb. 200 mb. 100 mb. 100 mb. bei ths het aT eae a hanes nme hare i ayia “nie Ablbig tt ane a dy Webel Hat le Teall . iad Otp eae to bai he Ba thy enh is welaie poh: J ie ae ty towing ones Fina i GAR ‘ se ee Porey + Pr hina celia oo pene wih Taare: . EPS AS. ‘ Oy, any vie) wash he) Nd wan ’ Ses, TEE, ite Oca ert ia aN Hl raped NL id Dar Pa batt Preneaee bi hey ea. pai Reon ak nm Mire ‘piaat a te aks aE Pat Aa We ; ar, i ys Cai sechated aU caoeniat bool agri" meee ; A) EE ae: j ‘oe a AA viene. } Pye Mikel ia { rer ny a 4b ieee pies: aaa Coit y a Lr oe ; Th P Pas ae 5 ae } VAs , ik is a rt 1 Ga ue TABLE 63 265 NACA STANDARD ATMOSPHERE, LOWER ATMOSPHERE 1 * In 1922 the Weather Bureau at the request of the National Advisory Committee for Aeronautics prepared a “standard atmosphere”? for scientific and engineering use based primarily on the average conditions over the United States at latitude 40°. Later Diehl extended the computations to 20,000 meters using constants adopted by the NACA effective January 1, 1925. This atmosphere was based on the assumption of a linear decrease of temperature with height up to the tropopause and an isothermal layer above. In 1935 Brombacher * prepared additional tables giving alttude as a function of pressure. A tenta- tive extension of the standard atmosphere to 120,000 meters was prepared in 1947 (see Table 68). Standard values.——The standard atmosphere is based on approximate absolute tempera- tures, T= 273+ ¢ °C., or for the equivalent absolute Fahrenheit scale T = 459.4+ ¢ °F. since 459.4 +- 32 °F. corresponds to 273 °A. Engineering (gravitational) systems of units have been used, the kilogrameter-second, and the pound-foot-second system. The follow- ing standard values have been adopted for use in the definition of the standard atmosphere: Metric English Standard pressure at sea level............... $0 n= 700 min Hew, = 29,921 nae: Standard temperature at sea level............ im Selly) MC. ==) 5e) 1 Standard absolute temperature at sea level.... To == 288 °A. = 518.4 °Rankine Standard isothermal layer temperature....... T:, =—55 °C. =— 67 °F. Standard specific weight * at sea level........ Ope == |. 2255 ke) m7 = 0.07651" b.wt Standard: cravity, <-.. GPR AL. iacocae she cca ae g =9.80665 m. sec. = 32.1740 ft. sec.? Standard temperature lapse rate............. a. =0:0065 °Cam:=. = 0.003566 °F. ft aR = 0.190284 Standard gas constant for dry air*®........... R =29.2745 = (53.3008 The standard conversion factors used are: 1 meter = 3.280833 feet 1 kilogram = 2.204622 pounds Other symbols employed are: Z =altitude (see assumption (c) below), T = absolute temperature, Tm = mean temperature (absolute) of the air column, p = pressure, M = modulus for the common logarithms = logiwe = 0.4342945, Z;=altitude of the base of the isothermal layer, Tms = mean temperature of the air column up to base of isothermal level = 251.378 °A = 452.680 °Rankine, p = specific mass. Basic assumptions.—The primary basic assumption is a linear decrease in tempera- ture with altitude T=T.—aZ (1) In addition certain other basic assumptions are necessary to define the standard atmosphere. These assumptions are as follows: That (a) the air is dry, (b) air is a perfect gas, obeying the laws of Charles and Boyle, ie., bp = RopT (2) (Z)=() Ga) (2) 1 Condensed from Diehl, Walter S., Standard atmosphere—Tables and data, NACA Rep. No. 218, 1925. (Often referred to as the U. S. Standard Atmosphere.) 2Gregg, W. R., Standard atmosphere, NACA Techn. Rep. No. 147, 1922. 8 Brombacher, W. G., Altitude-pressure tables based on the United States standard atmosphere, NACA Rep. No. 538, 1935. 4“Density” in absolute system of units. 5In Diehl’s report the values of aR and R are given as 0.19026 and 29.2708 respectively, but these are not in agreement with the numerical values of the other physical constants given, where R= Po/gpoTo; po here is in kg. m.-%. * The NACA standard atmosphere has been superseded by the ICAO standard atmosphere. NACA Rep. No. 1235, 1955. (continued) or SMITHSONIAN METEOROLOGICAL TABLES 266 TABLE 63 (CONTINUED) NACA STANDARD ATMOSPHERE, LOWER ATMOSPHERE (c) gravity is constant at all altitudes with the standard value,° (d) the temperature of the isothermal atmosphere is — 55 °C. or — 67 °F., (e) equation (1) holds true for altitudes up to the isothermal atmosphere; the gradient vanishing at the lower limit of the isothermal atmosphere. The last assumption not only simplifies the standard atmosphere but it also appears to be a very close approximation to actual conditions at any given time.’ The altitude of the lower limit of the isothermal atmosphere is found from equation (1) by substituting the isothermal temperature: 288 — 218 — ee = 10 Zi 0065 769 meters 518.4 — 392.4 x Li = 00356617 = 35332 feet Since the air is assumed to be a perfect gas, the difference in pressure between two levels is due to the weight of a column of air of unit cross section between the two levels or dp = — gpdZ (3) Calculation of pressures and densities—At any altitude in the standard atmosphere the air temperature is known. The corresponding pressure is calculated from bo) _ K'T po = a =) logio (& ) =e oe logio ( p ) (4) where: Ki po pogMT» For metric measures K’ = 67.4072 and for English measures K’ = 122.862. Calculation of mean temperature—The mean temperature 7m which appears in equation (4) is a harmonic mean given by | dZ i “ (5) dZ | + o whence below the isothermal region i, = eZ eS (6) and in the isothermal region ves = (6a) Zi , (Z—Zi) Tea Ty Useful relationships.—In the levels below the isothermal layer the following relation- ships will prove useful : Ts p aR gh) where aR = .190284. 6 This is ee to using as the unit of “height,” the unit of geopotential equal to 0.980665 dynamic meters, or 9.80665 geopotential meters (gpm.), where 1 dynamic meter = 105 cm.? sec.-?, ™See Table 68 for altitudes above 20,000 m. (continued ) SMITHSONIAN METEOROLOGICAL TABLES TABLE 63 (CONCLUDED) NACA STANDARD ATMOSPHERE, LOWER ATMOSPHERE Alti- Tempera- tude ture Ze t m. ot —1000 21.500 — 500 18.250 0 15.000 500 11.750 1000 8.500 1500 5.250 2000 2.000 2500 — 1.250 3000 — 4.500 3500 — 7.750 4000 —11.000 4500 —14.250 5000 —17.500 5500 —20.750 6000 —24.000 6500 —27.250 7000 —30.500 7500 —33.750 8000 —37.000 8500 —40.250 9000 —43.500 9500 —46.750 10000 —50.000 10500 —53.250 10769 —55.000 11000 —55.000 12000 —55.000 13000 —55.000 14000 —55.000 15000 —55.000 16000 —55.000 17000 —55.000 18000 —55.000 19000 —55.000 20000 —55.000 Metric units Mean tempera- ture Tm °A. 291.235 289.621 288.000 286.371 284.736 283.096 281.450 279.798 278.138 276.470 274.796 273.115 271.425 269.730 268.027 266.315 264.598 262.872 261.140 259.395 257.644 255.884 254.116 252.342 251.378 250.572 247.491 244.942 242.798 240.971 239.394 238.020 236.812 235.741 234.786 Pressure p mm. hg. Specific weight * pg mb. kg.m.-3 854.58 1139.34 1.3476 806.16 1074.79 1.2854 760.00 1013.25 1.2255 715.99 674.09 634.18 596.23 560.11 525.79 493.19 462.26 432.90 405.09 378.71 353.77 330.18 307.87 286.79 266.89 248.13 230.45 213.82 198.16 183.45 WaoL 169.66 145.05 124.01 106.02 90.65 77.48 66.26 56.65 48.43 41.41 954.57 1.1677 898.71 1.1120 845.50 1.0584 794.90 1.0068 746.75 .9572 700.99 657.53 616.29 577.15 540.07 504.90 471.65 440.20 410.46 382.35 355.82 330.81 307.24 285.07 264.19 244.58 234.53 226.19 193.38 165.33 141.35 Alti- tude ze feet 15000 16000 17000 18000 19000 20000 21000 22000 23000 24000 25000 26000 27000 28000 29000 30000 31000 32000 English units Mean Tempera- tempera- ture t he 73.205 69.699 66.132 62.566 59.000 55.434 51.868 48.301 44.735 41.169 37.603 34.037 30.471 26.904 23.338 19.772 16.206 12.640 9.074 5.507 1.941 — 1.625 — 5.191 — 8.757 —12.323 —15.890 —19.456 —23.022 —26.588 —30.154 —33.720 —37.287 —40.853 —44.419 —47.985 —51.551 —55.117 —58.684 —62.250 —65.816 —67.000 —67.000 —67.000 —67.000 —67.000 —67.000 —67.000 ture Tm °Rankine 525.500 523.731 521.962 520.181 518.400 516.615 514.830 513.033 511.237 509.434 507.629 505.816 504.002 502.180 500.359 498.535 496.710 494.865 493.017 491.168 489.317 487.459 485.598 483.729 481.859 479.980 478.100 476.210 474.320 472.420 470.518 468.607 466.695 464.773 462.849 460.914 458.980 457.034 455.087 453.132 452.680 444.537 438.071 433.030 428.991 425.685 422.922 267 Pres- Specific sure weight* p pg in.Hg. 1b. ft.-3 34.51 0.08588 33.31 .08346 32.15 .08109 31.02 .07878 29.92 0.07651 28.86 .07430 PUY AVENE 26.81 .07001 25.84 .06794 24.89 0.06592 23.98 .06395 23.09 .06202 22.22 .06013 21.38 .05829 20.58 0.05649 19.79 05474 19.03 .05303 18.29 .05136 17.57 .04973 16.88 0.04814 16.21 .04658 15.56 .04507 14.94 .04359 14.33 .04216 13.75 0.04075 13.18 .03938 12.63 .03806 12.10 .03676 11.59 .03550 11.10 0.03427 10.62 .03308 10.16 .03192 9.720 .03078 9.293 .02968 8.880 0.02861 8.483 .02757 8.101 .02656 7.732 .02558 7.377 02463 7.036 0.02369 6.925 .02339 5.541 .01872 4.364 .01474 3.436 .01161 2.707 0.009143 2.132 .007201 1.680 .005671 *In the absolute (length-mass-time) system of units this quantity is termed “density” and is usually designated by the symbol p. SMITHSONIAN METEOROLOGICAL TABLES 268 TABLE 64 ICAN STANDARD ATMOSPHERE The standard atmosphere adopted by the International Commission for Air Navigation (ICAN) in 1924 is used, with minor modifications, by many countries as a standard for calibrating altimeters and in other applications. DEFINITION OF INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ATMOSPHERE* 1. It will be assumed that the air is dry and that its chemical composition is the same at all altitudes (it is recalled, by way of information, that this composition is in volume approximately as follows: 78.03% nitrogen, 20.99% oxygen, 0.94% argon, 0.04% carbon dioxide); g will be given a uniform value of 980.62 in cgs units. Nevertheless, when the accuracy of the measurements under consideration permits, it will be sufficient to use for g the approximate and simpler value of 980. 2. It will be assumed that at mean sea level the temperature is 15 °C. and the barometric height, reduced to 0 °C., 760 mm. of mercury. 3. Under these conditions, the atmospheric pressure is 10,332 kilograms-weight per square ee (1013.2 millibars) and the weight of a cubic meter of air is 1.226 kilogram- weight. 4. It will be assumed that, for any altitude z, measured above mean sea level and between 0 and 11,000 m., the law of variation of the temperature 6. of the air is as follows: 6. = 15 — 0.00652. 5. It will be assumed that, for all altitudes above 11,000 m., the temperature of the air is constant and equal to — 56.5 °C. 6. It follows that, for any altitude z measured above mean sea level and between 0 and 11,000 m., the barometric pressure pz, the specific weight az, and the specific mass pz of the air will vary according to the following equations: be __ (288 — Se po 288 Pe dz __ (288 — =e gas 288 7. Similarly for all altitudes above 11,000 m. the foregoing equations will be replaced by the following: leet —_ Hagin 11,000 _ loz 211,000 __ z — 11,000 De rie 14,600 The principal differences between the NACA Standard Atmosphere (Table 63) widely used in the United States and the ICAN Standard Atmosphere are in the value of standard gravity adopted and in the definitions of the height and temperature of the tropo- pause and the isothermal region above. Since the value of standard gravity adopted for use in the definition of the standard atmosphere is also used for the definition of the inch or millimeter of mercury, an altimeter calibrated by the NACA Standard Atmosphere will read about 1.3 ft. (0.4 m.) higher at a given pressure than an altimeter calibrated by the ICAN atmosphere at altitudes below the tropopause. Above the tropopause, other slight differences will be introduced. Brombacher? has published a discussion of the modifications in the ICAN atmosphere made by various countries as well as a summary of other standard atmospheres that have been used for calibrating altimeters. 1International Commission for Air Navigation, Official Bulletin No. 26, Resolution No. 1053, December 1938; also Official Bulletin No. 7, Resolution No. 192, December 1924. 2 Brombacher, W. G., Journ. Washington Acad. Sci., vol. 34, p. 277, 1944. SMITHSONIAN METEOROLOGICAL TABLES TABLE 65 269 ALTIMETER SETTING COMPUTATION FACTORS? The altimeter setting is a pressure used for setting a pressure-scale type of sensitive altimeter in an aircraft so that upon landing of the aircraft at an airport the instrument will indicate an altitude reading equal to or very close to the field elevation above sea level, provided that the instrument is functioning properly. The altimeter setting furnished to a pilot for setting the sensitive altimeter just prior to landing should be determined near the time and place of landing at a station equipped with suitable instruments for computing the altimeter setting. The altimeter setting in millibars, Am»., is given by: Amp. = (pmo. ra 0.3) F (1) and in inches of mercury, Ain. by: Ain. = (fin. — 0.01) F (2) where: pmv. = station pressure in millibars, pin. = station pressure in inches of mercury, F=altimeter setting computation factor. F is a dimensionless factor given by equation (3), valid only below the height of the standard atmosphere tropopause. It is derivable from the relations given in Table 63 and depends only on the station pressure p and the station elevation Hs. 1 r=[1+(Se pe] % where: po = standard sea level pressure (1013.25 mb. or 29.921 in. Hg.), pi = (pmv. — 0.3) when fo = 1013.25 mb. = (fin. — 0.01) when fo. = 29.921 in. Hg., a= lapse rate in NACA standard atmosphere below the isothermal layer (0.0065 °C. m.7), To= standard sea-level temperature (288 °A.), H»,= station elevation in meters (elevation for which station pressures are given), n = aR = 0.190284, where FR is the gas constant for dry air. The correction to » of —0.3 mb. (or — 0.01 in. Hg.) arises from the fact that the altimeter of an airplane is usually about 10 feet above the landing gear and it desirable to indicate the height of the landing gear rather than of the cockpit. Example.—Given, station elevation H» = 1236 m. when p= 910.0 mb., F = 1.15901, A = 1054.4 mb. pb = 909.9 mb., F = 1.15902, A = 1054.2 mb. b= 909.8 mb., F = 1.15902,.. A = 1054.1 mb., etc. For data in English units the appropriate values of / may be found by converting to metric units, then apply equation (2) to obtain A. Given H» = 4964 ft. (= 1513 m.) when / = 26.00 in. Hg. (= 880.5 mb.), F = 1.19862, A = 31.15 in. Hg. p = 25.99 in. Hg. (= 880.1 mb.), F = 1.19865, A = 31.14 in. Hg., etc. 1 An alternative method for computing altimeter settings is given in Table 66. (continued) SMITHSONIAN METEOROLOGICAL TABLES 270 TABLE 65 (CONTINUED) ALTIMETER SETTING COMPUTATION FACTORS Station elevation H»—meters Pressure 100 200 300 1060 1.01182 1.02375 1.03579 1050 1.01184 1.02379 1.03585 1040 1.01186 1.02383 1.03592 1030 1.01188 1.02388 1.03599 1020 1.01190 1.02392 1.03606 1010 1.01193 1.02397 1.03613 1000 1.01195 1.02401 1.03619 990 1.01197 1.02406 1.03627 980 1.01200 1.02411 1.03634 970 1.01202 1.02416 1.03641 960 “1.01204 1.02420 1.03648 950 1.01207 1.02425 1.03655 940 1.01209 1.02430 1.03663 930 1.01212 1.02435 1.03671 920 1.01214 1.02440 1.03678 910 1.01217 1.02445 1.03686 900 1.01219 1.02451 1.03694 890 1.01222 1.02456 1.03702 880 1.01225 1.02461 1.03710 870 1.01227 1.02467 1.03718 860 1.01230 1.02472 1.03726 850 1.01233 1.02478 1.03735 840 1.01236 1.02483 1.03744 830 1.01238 1.02489 1.03752 820 1.01241 1.02495 1.03761 810 1.01244 1.02501 1.03770 800 1.01247 1.02507 1.03779 790 1.01250 1.02513 1.03788 780 1.01253 1.02519 1.03798 770 1.01256 1.02525 1.03807 760 1.01259 1.02532 1.03817 750 1.01263 1.02538 1.03826 740 1.01266 1.02545 1.03836 730 1.01269 1.02551 1.03846 720 1.01272 1.02558 1.03857 710 1.01276 1.02565 1.03867 700 1.02572 1.03878 SMITHSONIAN METEOROLOGICAL TABLES 400 500 1.04795 1.06022 1.04803 1.06033 1.04812 1.06044 1.04821 1.06056 1.04831 1.06067 1.04840 1.06079 1.04849 1.06090 1.04859 1.06103 1.04869 1.06115 1.04878 1.06127 1.04888 1.06139 1.04897 1.06152 1.04908 1.06164 1.04918 1.06178 1.04928 1.06190 1.04939 1.06204 1.04950 1.06217 1.04960 1.06231 1.04971 1.06245 1.04982 1.06258 1.04993 1.06272 1.05005 1.06287 1.05016 1.06301 1.05028, 1.06316 1.05039 1.06331 1.05051 1.06346 1.05064 1.06362 1.05077 1.06378 1.05089 1.06393 1.05102 1.06410 1.05115 1.06426 1.05128 1.06442 1.05141 1.06459 1.05155 1.06476 1.05168 1.06494 1.05183 1.06512 1.05197 1.06530 1.05211 1.06548 1.06567 (continued) 600 1.07301 1.07316 1.07330 1.07344 1.07359 1.07374 1.07388 1.07403 1.07418 1.07433 1.07449 1.07465 1.07481 1.07498 1.07514 1.07531 1.07547 1.07564 1.07582 1.07599 1.07617 1.07635 1.07653 7.07672 1.07692 1.07711 1.07730 1.07750 1.07770 1.07791 1.07811 1.07832 1.07854 1.07876 1.07898 1.07921 1.07944 700 1.08593 1.08609 1.08627 1.08644 1.08661 1.08679 1.08696 1.08715 1.08733 1.08752 1.08771 1.08790 1.08809 1.08829 1.08849 1.08869 1.08889 1.08910 1.08931 1.08952 1.08974 1.08996 1.09019 1.09041 1.09065 1.09088 1.09111 1.09135 1.09160 1.09185 1.09211 1.09236 1.09262 1.09289 1.09317 1.09344 800 1.09887 1.09907 1.09927 1.09947 1.09967 1.09987 1.10008 - 1.10030 1.10051 1.10073 1.10095 1.10117 1.10140 1.10163 1.10186 1.10210 1.10234 1.10258 1.10282 1.10307 1.10333 1.10359 1.10385 1.10412 1.10439 1.10466 1.10494 1.10522 1.10551 1.10580 1.10610 1.10640 1.10671 1.10703 1.10735 1.10767 900 1.11199 1.11222 1.11244 1.11267 1.11291 1.11314 1.11339 1.11363 1.11388 1.11413 1.11438 1.11464 1.11490 1.11516 1.11543 1.11570 1.11598 1.11626 1.11654 1.11683 1.11713 1.11742 1.11773 1.11803 1.11834 1.11866 1.11898 1.11931 1.11964 1.11998 1.12032 1.12068 1.12103 1.12140 12177 1000 1.12529 1.12554 1.12580 1.12606 1.12633 1.12660 1.12687 1.12715 1.12744 1.12772 1.12801 1.12830 1.12859 1.12890 1.12920 1.12951 1.12982 1.13014 1.13047 1.13080 1.13113 1.13147 1.13181 1.13216 1.13252 1.13288 1.13324 1.13362 1.13400 1.13438 1.13478 1.13518 113599 1.13600 1.13643 Pressure mb. 1060 1050 1040 1030 1020 1010 1000 1100 1.13877 1.13906 1.13935 1.13964 1.13994 1.14025 1.14055 1.14087 1.14118 1.14156 1.14183 1.14216 1.14249 1.14283 1.14317 1.14352 1.14388 1.14424 1.14460 1.14497 1.14535 1.14573 1.14612 1.14651 1.14692 1.14732 1.14774 1.14816 1.14859 1.14903 1.14948 1.14993 1.15039 1.15086 1.15134 1200 1.15276 1.15308 1.15341 1.15375 1.15409 1.15443 1.15478 1.15513 1.15549 1.15585 1.15622 1.15660 1.15697 1.15736 1.15775 1.15814 1.15855 1.15895 1.15937 1.15979 1.16022 1.16065 1.16110 1.16155 1.16200 1.16247 1.16294 1.16342 1.16391 1.16441 1.16492 1.16544 1.16597 1.16651 TABLE 65 (CONTINUED) ALTIMETER SETTING COMPUTATION FACTORS Station elevation H»—meters 1300 1.16665 1.16701 1.16738 1.16775 1.16813 1.16851 1.16889 1.16928 1.16968 1.17008 1.17049 1.17090 1.17133 1.17175 117219 1.17263 1.17307 1.17353 1.17399 1.17446 1.17493 1.17542 1.17591 1.17641 1.17692 1.17744 1.17796 1.17850 1.17905 1.17960 1.18017 1.18075 1.18134 1.18194 SMITHSONIAN METEOROLOGICAL TABLES 1400 1500 1.18074 1.18114 1.19503 1.18154 1.19546 1.18195 1.19591 1.18237 1.19636 1.18278 1.19681 1.18321 1.19727 1.18364 1.19774 1.18408 1.19821 1.18452 1.19869 1.18497 1.19917 1.18543 1.19967 1.18590 1.20018 1.18637 1.20068 1.18684 1.20120 1.18733 1.20172 1.18782 1.20226 1.18833 1.20281 1.18883 1.20335 1.18935 1.20391 1.18988 1.20449 1.19041 1.20506 1.19096 1.20565 1.19151 1.20625 1.19208 1.20686 1.19265 1.20748 1.19323 1.20811 1.19383 1.20876 1.19443 1.20941 1.19505 1.21008 1.19568 1.21076 1.19632 1.21145 1.19698 1.21217 1.21288 (continued ) 1600 1.20952 1.21000 1.21048 1.21097 1.21146 1.21197 1.21247 1.21299 1.21352 1.21405 1.21459 1.21514 1.21570 1.21626 1.21684 1.21743 1.21802 1.21862 1.21924 1.21986 1.22049 1.22114 1.22180 1.22246 1.22314 1.22384 1.22454 1.22526 1.22600 1.22674 1.22751 1.22828 1.22908 1700 1.22422 1.22474 1.22526 1.22579 1.22634 1.22688 1.22744 1.22800 1.22857 1.22915 1.22974 1.23034 1.23094 1.23156 1.23219 1.23283 1.23347 1.23413 1.23480 1.23548 1.23617 1.23688 1.23760 1.23832 1.23907 1.23983 1.24060 1.24139 1.24219 1.24301 1.24384 1.24469 1.24556 1800 1.23913 1.23969 1.24026 1.24084 1.24142 1.24202 1.24261 1.24323 1.24385 1.24448 1.25412 1.24576 1.24643 1.24710 1.24778 1.24847 1.24918 1.24989 1.25062 1.25136 1.25211 1.25288 1.25366 1.25445 1.25527 1.25609 1.25693 1.25779 1.25867 1.25956 1.26047 1.26140 1900 1.25426 1.25487 1.25548 1.25610 1.25674 1.25738 1.25803 1.25869 1.25936 1.26004 1.26073 1.26144 1.26215 1.26288 1.26361 1.26437 1.26513 1.26590 1.26669 1.26750 1.26832 1.26915 1.26999 1.27086 1.27174 1.27264 1.27355 1.27449 1.27544 1.27641 1.27740 1.27842 271 2000 1.26961 1.27027 1.27092 1.27160 1.27228 1.27297 1.27368 1.27439 Ve2foul 1.27584 1.27659 1.27736 1.27812 1.27891 1.27971 1.28052 1.28134 1.28218 1.28304 1.28390 1.28479 1.28569 1.28661 1.28754 1.28850 1.28947 1.29047 1.29148 1.29251 1.29357 1.29465 1.29575 Die Pressure mb. 840 830 2100 1.28660 1.28732 1.28806 1.28881 1.28956 1.29033 1.29111 1.29190 1.29271 1.29352 1.29435 1.29520 1.29606 1.29693 1.29782 1.29873 1.29965 1.30059 1.30154 1.30252 1.30351 1.30452 1.30556 1.30661 1.30768 1.30878 1.30990 1.31105 1.31221 1.31340 3100 1.45726 1.45864 1.46003 1.46146 1.46290 1.46437 1.46588 1.46740 1.46896 1.47055 1.47216 1.47381 1.47549 1.47721 1.47896 1.48075 1.48258 1.48445 1.48635 1.48830 1.49029 1.49234 1.49443 2200 1.30175 1.30251 1.30329 1.30408 1.30488 1.30569 1.30651 1.30735 1.30820 1.30907 1.30995 1.31085 1.31175 1.31268 1.31362 1.31458 1.31555 1.31654 1.31755 1.31859 1.31964 1.32071 1.32180 1.32292 1.32405 1.32521 1.32639 1.32761 1.32885 1.33011 3200 1.47442 1.47586 1.47731 1.47880 1.48031 1.38184 1.48340 1.48499 1.48662 1.48827 1.48996 1.49168 1.49343 1.49521 1.49704 1.49891 1.50081 1.50276 1.50475 1.50678 1.50886 1.51099 1.51317 TABLE 65 (CONCLUDED) ALTIMETER SETTING COMPUTATION FACTORS Station elevation H»—meters 2300 1.31785 1.31867 1.31950 1.32034 1.32120 1.32207 1.32296 1.32385 1.32477 1.32569 1.32664 1.32760 1.32857 1.32957 1.33058 1.33161 1.33266 1.33373 1.33482 1.33593 1.33706 1.33821 1.33938 1.34058 1.34181 1.34306 1.34434 1.34565 1.34698 1.34834 3300 1.49175 1.49324 1.49476 1.49630 1.49787 1.49947 1.50110 1.50276 1.50445 1.50617 1.50792 1.50971 1.51154 1.51340 1.51530 1.51724 1.51923 1.52126 1.52333 1.52545 1.52761 1.52983 1.53210 SMITHSONIAN METEOROLOGICAL TABLES 2400 1.33419 1.33507 1.33595 1.33686 1.33778 1.33871 1.33965 1.34062 1.34159 1.34259 1.34360 1.34463 1.34568 1.34674 1.34783 1.34893 1.35006 1.35121 1.35237 130597: 1.35478 1.35602 1.35728 1.35858 1.35989 1.36125 1.36262 1.36403 1.36546 1.36694 3400 1.51080 1.51237 1.61398 1.51561 1517/27 1.51897 1.52069 1.52245 1.52424 1.52606 1.52793 1.52983 1.53176 1.53374 1.53576 1.53783 1.53994 1.54209 1.54430 1.54655 1.54886 1755123 2500 1.35078 1.35171 1.35266 1.35363 1.35461 1.35560 1.35662 1.35765 1.35870 1.35975 1.36084 1.36194 1.36306 1.36420 1.36536 1.36655 1.36776 1.36899 1.37024 1537152 1.37282 1.37415 1.37551 1.37690 1.37832 1.37977 1.38125 1.38276 1.38431 1.38590 3500 1.53015 1.53182 1.53352 1.53524 1.53701 1.53880 1.54062 1.54248 1.54438 1.54632 1.54829 1.55030 1.55236 1.55446 1.55661 1.55880 1.56104 1.56333 1.56568 1.56808 1.57054 2600 1.36763 1.36862 1.36964 1.27067 1.37171 LS/Zi/ 1.37385 1.37496 1.37607 1.37721 1.37837 1.37954 1.38074 1.38196 1.38320 1.38447 1.38576 1.38708 1.38842 1.38979 1.39119 1.39262 1.39407 1.39557 1.39709 1.39864 1.40023 1.40186 1.40353 3600 1.54983 1.55159 1.55338 1.55522 1.55708 1.55897 1.56091 1.56288 1.56489 1.56694 1.56902 1.57117 1.57334 1.57558 1.57785 1.58018 1.58256 1.58499 1.58749 1.59005 2700 1.38473 1.38580 1.38688 1.38797 1.38909 1.39022 1.39137 1.39254 1.39373 1.39495 1.39618 1.39744 1.39872 1.40002 1.40135 1.40271 1.40409 1.40549 1.40693 1.40840 1.40989 1.41142 1.41299 1.41459 1.41621 1.41788 1.41959 1.42134 3700 1.56984 1.57170 1.57360 1.57553 1.57750 1.57950 1.58155 1.58364 1.58576 1.58793 1.59015 1.59241 1.59473 1.59709 1.59951 1.60198 1.60451 1.60710 1.60975 2800 1.40211 1.40324 1.40439 1.40555 1.40674 1.40795 1.40917 1.41042 1.41169 1.41298 1.41430 1.41564 1.41700 1.41840 1.41982 1.42126 1.42274 1.42424 1.42577 1.42734 1.42895 1.43059 1.43226 1.43396 1.43571 1.43750 1.43934 3800 1.59019 1.59216 1.59416 1.59620 1.59828 1.60040 1.60257 1.60477 1.60702 1.60932 1.61167 1.61407 1.61652 1.61902 1.62159 1.62421 1.62690 1.62965 2900 1.41976 1.42096 1.42218 1.42342 1.42468 1.42596 1.42727 1.42860 1.42995 1.43133 1.43272 1.43415 1.43561 1.43709 1.43861 1.44015 1.44172 1.44333 1.44497 1.44664 1.44836 1.45011 1.45189 1.45372 1.45559 1.45752 3900 1.61090 1.61297 1.61509 1.61724 1.61944 1.62168 1.62397 1.62630 1.62868 1.63111 1.63360 1.63614 1.63873 1.64140 1.64411 1.64690 1.64975 3000 1.43769 1.43896 1.44026 1.44158 1.44291 1.44428 1.44567 1.44708 1.44852 1.44998 1.45147 1.45299 1.45454 1.45612 1.45773 1.45937 1.46106 1.46277 1.46452 1.46631 1.46814 1.47000 1.47192 1.47387 1.47588 4000 1.63196 1.63415 1.63638 1.63865 1.64098 1.64335 1.64576 1.64823 1.65075 1.65333 1.65595 1.65864 1.66140 1.66421 1.66710 1.67005 TABLE 66 273 NACA STANDARD ATMOSPHERE ALTITUDE-PRESSURE TABLE Table 66 gives the NACA standard atmosphere altitude in feet corresponding to the pressure for each tenth of an inch of mercury, and provides an alternate method for computing the ‘altimeter setting” defined in Table 65. To compute the altimeter setting: 1. Determine the station elevation H» in feet and the corresponding station pressure p in inches of mercury 2. Subtract 0.01 in. He from the station pressure obtaining (p— 0.01”). The purpose of this is to correct for the fact that an aircraft altimeter is usually about 10 feet above the landing gear. 3. From Table 66, determine the altitude corresponding to (p— 0.01”), found in step 2. Interpolate if necessary. 4. Subtract the station elevation H» from the altitude found in step 3. 5. Re-enter Table 66 with the difference found in step 4 as the tabular value. The cor- responding pressure, to the nearest 0.01 inch of mercury, is the altimeter setting. a eee Om ero YO200 730,240 SO) 6G 5 270). EBD eon apna he feet feet feet feet feet feet feet feet feet feet 0 80522 78056 1 75850 73854 72032 70357 68805 67 361 66009 64740 63543 62411 2 61337 60315 59341 58411 57519 56665 55844 55053 54292 53557 3 52847 52161 51496 50852 50228 49620 49030 48456 47898 47 354 4 46 824 46307 45803 45310 44829 44358 43898 43448 43007 42575 5 42151 41737 41330 40931 40540 40156 39779 39408 39044 38686 6 38 334 37989 37648 37313 36983 36659 36339 36024 35714 35408 a, 35106 34809 34514 34222 33934 33.649 33367 33088 32812 32539 8 32269 32001 31736 31474 31214 30957 30702 30449 30199 29951 9 29706 29462 29221 28982 28745 28510 28276 28046 27816 27589 10 27 363 27140 26917 26697 26479 26262 26048 25834 25622 25412 11 25204 24996 24791 24587 24 384 24183 23983 23785 23588 23 392 12 23198 23005 22813 22622 22 433 22245 22058 21872 21688 21505 13 21323 21142 20962 20783 20605 20 429 20253 20079 19905 19733 14 19561 19391 19221 19052 18885 18718 18553 18388 18224 18061 15 17899 17737 17577 17417 17259 17101 16944 16787 16632 16477 16 16 324 16171 16018 15867 15716 15566 15416 15268 15120 14973 7 14826 14681 14536 14391 14247 14104 13962 13820 13679 13539 18 13399 13260 13121 12983 12846 12709 12573 12437 12302 12168 19 12034 11901 11768 11636 11505 11374 11243 11113 10984 10855 20 10726 10599 10471 10344 10218 10092 9967 9842 9718 9594 21 9471 9348 9225 9103 8982 8861 8740 8620 8500 8381 22 8262 8144 8026 7909 7791 LG15; | 7999" “749s | 7327. hele 23 7098 6984 6870 6756 6643 6531 6418 6307 6195 6084 24 SO74SICOSh oh Do 1044s Io o4: 5:425>' 5317 5209" _ S101 41994 25 4886 4780 4673 4567 4462 43560 T4251 4 1460 410425 31938 26 Site! Sieh GAs SSS Wise SAV BAA MSZ) SOG As GnlS 27 Zola Z lA May2 OL4y EZ SIA 2.45 Zr OM Ze Aine LS) nee O20 he uleg22 28 1824 G72 7, OS 0 li OSoN e450 1340 1244 1148 1053 957 29 863 768 673 579 485 392 298 205 MN, 20 30 — 73 —165 —257 —348 —440 —531 —622 —712 —803 —893 31 —983 SMITHSONIAN METEOROLOGICAL TABLES 274. TABLE 67 CORRECTION OF ALTIMETER READINGS FOR MEAN TEMPERATURE OF THE AIR COLUMN Introduction —The sensitive pressure altimeter is essentially a refined aneroid barometer calibrated so that when the altimeter setting is 29.921 in Hg. (1013.25 mb.) the instru- ment indicates the altitude in the standard atmosphere corresponding to the ambient barometric pressure. The instrument is so constructed that the altimeter setting scale may be adjusted to make the instrument indicate the true elevation of the ground above sea level when the aircraft is on the ground. The appropriate reading on the altimeter setting scale for this to be true is termed the altimeter setting (see Table 65). For aircraft in flight, the altimeter indicates elevation above sea level assuming the pressure to vary between the ground and flight level in accordance with a standard atmosphere (see Table 63). According to current practice, aircraft flying over land areas or making landings set their altimeters to the current, local altimeter setting. Aircraft on transoceanic flights use a constant altimeter setting of 29.92 in Hg. (1013.2 mb.). Sources of error.—In addition to instrumental and installation errors, which will not be discussed here, the altitude indications of the altimeter may differ from the actual altitude of the aircraft because of: 1. Deviation of the mean virtual temperature of the actual air column from the value assumed in the standard atmosphere. 2. Use of an altimeter setting inappropriate to the pressure and elevation at the ground beneath the aircraft. Correction for mean temperature, aircraft using constant standard altimeter setting — Considering first the case of an aircraft flying at a constant altimeter setting of 29.92 in. Hg. (1013.2 mb.), from the hypsometric equation If H A ai) Tiers 2 _ 2 5] a (7 =) (1) where A= actual elevation’ of the aircraft above sea level, E = elevation of the surface above sea level, Tm» = actual mean virtual temperature (approx. absolute), of the air column between & and A (the corresponding value in °C. is denoted by tmv.), Ip= “pressure altitude” at flight level, the altitude in the standard atmosphere corresponding to the pressure at flight level (= indicated altitude in this case), H,= “pressure altitude” at the surface, the altitude in the standard atmosphere corresponding to the pressure at the surface, E, Tmp= mean temperature (approx. absolute) of the standard atmosphere air column between sea level and I», Tms = mean temperature (approx. absolute) of the standard atmosphere air column between sea level and Hp». To evaluate equation (1), we define a temperature Tmz by the equation oot) ge ( Ip Hp ) Ue ‘e thee ene } where 7mz may be regarded, to a close degree of approximation, to be the mean tempera- ture (approx. absolute) of the standard atmosphere air column between sea level and the level (Jp-+ Hp), provided (Jp + Hp) is less than the height of the base of the standard atmosphere stratosphere (35,332 ft. or 10,769 m. in the NACA standard atmosphere). Equation (1) can therefore be written Viesin tages, (2-*) (3) mn 1 Strictly speaking, A, E, Ip, and Hp should be expressed in the same units. Actually A and E are customarily given in geometric units, while Ip and Hp are measured in terms of geopotential (see foot- note 6, Table 63). The difference may be neglected here. * Approximate absolute temperature = 273 + +¢ °C. (continued ) SMITHSONIAN METEOROLOGICAL TABLES TABLE 67 (CONTINUED) 275 CORRECTION OF ALTIMETER READINGS FOR MEAN TEMPERATURE OF THE AIR COLUMN Table 67 A gives values f(2=*), as a function of Jp and H»p and Table 67B give values of Tmv ( ta Fie), the actual height above the ground, as a function of Tm» and to—Fp\ | The actual altitude above sea level, A, is then obtained by adding mo E, the elevation of the surface, to the value obtained from Table 67 B. It is obvious from equation (3), that if Hp is in error, A will be in error by approximately the same amount. The value of Hp may be related to the altimeter setting, P:, at elevation E by means of the approximate *® equations H,=E+ 925 (29.92 — P:) ft., (4) where P; is in inches of mercury, or Ao F273 (1013:2 mb: —,.P3) ft. (4a) where P; is in millibars. Correction for mean temperature, aircraft using current, local altimeter setting —In the case of an aircraft flying at an indicated altitude J with the altimeter set to the current, local altimeter setting, Ip —H,p=I—E (5) and to a close degree of approximation Ip+H,=I+E (6) Equation (3) can now be rewritten A=E+Tm (= (7) Table 67 A also gives values of (=) as a function of J and E and Table 67B I—E ma gives values of Tmv ( I-E i the actual height above the ground as a function of Is ahaa ma E, the elevation of the surface, to the value obtained from Table 67 B. Correction for erroneous altimeter setting —I{ the altimeter is set to an erroneous altimeter setting P2 when the true current, local altimeter setting is P:, the observed indicated altitude, Jo, will be in error, and the appropriate value of J to be used in equa- tion (7) and Table 67A is given by . The actual altitude above sea level, A, is then obtained by adding I=1+ 925 (P:— Pz) ft. (8) if P; and P2 are in inches of mercury, and I=I1, + 27.3 (P1 — P2) ft. (8a) if P; and P2 are in millibars. From equations (8) and (8a) it is evident that errors due to use of an inappropriate value for the current, local altimeter setting may be corrected (within 1.8 percent for the normal range of altimeter settings 31.00-29.00 in. Hg., 1045.0-980.0 mb.) by use of the following relationships : 0.01 in. Hg. change in altimeter setting =9.25 ft. change in indicated altitude. “cc “ “cc “cc “ec “cs “cc 6é a 2 82 m 66 “cc “cc 0.1 mb. Ha nteal dias ee ar One Neen a “ “ec “cc “ 6c iii — 0 833 m “cc “ “a “ce If the altimeter setting used is lower than the true altimeter setting, the observed indi- cated altitude should be increased in accordance with the above relationships before > The last term of equations (4) and (4a) is accurate within 1.8 percent when Pj lies in the range 31.00-29.00 in. Hg. (1045.0-980.0 mb.). (continued ) SMITHSONIAN METECROLOGICAL TABLES 276 TABLE 67 (CONTINUED) CORRECTION OF ALTIMETER READINGS FOR MEAN TEMPERATURE OF THE AIR COLUMN using Table 67 A. If the altimeter setting used is higher than the true altimeter setting the indicated altitude should be decreased. Examples.—Case I (altimeter setting 29.92 in. Hg. or 1013.2 mb.). What is the actual altitude A of flight relative to sea level when the elevation of the surface E is 5,000 feet above sea level, the pressure altitude at the surface Hp» is 5,500 feet, the pressure altitude at flight level J, is 12,000 feet, and the value of tin» is —10 °C? Referring to Table 67 A with J,=12,000 ft. and Hp=—5,500 ft. as arguments, (2 th) = 24.0. Then referring to Table 67B with (275 oti) = 24.0.and tne= — 10 °C. as arguments we find Tm» ie—Hp = 6310 ft. (to the nearest 10 ft.). It follows from equation (3) that A = 5,000 + 6,310 = 11,310 ft. Case II (current, local altimeter setting being used). What is the actual altitude A of flight relative to sea level when the elevation of the surface E is 5,000 feet above sea level, the indicated altitude J at flight level is 12,000 feet, the altimeter setting at the surface is 29.38 in. Hg., and the value of tm» is —10 °C.? Referring to Table 67 A with J = 12,000 ft. and E =5,000 ft. as arguments, es *) — 25.8, oe Then referring to Table 67 B with ( I—E Tmo we find Tm» (L=£)=6790 ét. (to the nearest 10 ft.). It follows from equation (7) that 4= 5,000 + 6,790 = 11,790 ft. Allowance for perturbations of the pressure field caused by mountains.—Great caution must be used in applying the above procedures to aircraft operation in regions of marked perturbations of the pressure field. An aircraft flying in the vicinity of a mountain during periods of strong winds and using an altimeter setting appropriate to a nearby valley station may have an indicated altitude several hundred feet too high. This error is caused by the lowering of the constant pressure surfaces in the vicinity of mountains by the action of strong winds. The error is numerically equal to the depression of the constant pressure surface in which the aircraft is flying from its location over the valley station furnishing the altimeter setting to its location over the mountain. In planning operations in such circumstance, equation (3) and (7) can be rewritten ee Gas tae leemee He) — D (9) mn )=258 and tm» —=-—10 °C. as arguments onde GID ie Si (9a) where ; Am = maximum height of the terrain to be cleared, C = minimum vertical clearance relative to the terrain, D = estimated maximum depression of the constant-pressure surface being flown between the valley and the mountain. Example.—Suppose Am =9,200 ft., C =2,000 ft, D = 500 ft, E = 5,000 ft., and Hp = 5,900 ft. for valley station, and tm» ——10 °C. What are the minimum values of Ip or I which satisfy equations (9) and (9a), respectively? Use of Tables 67 A and 67B yields Ip = 12,390 ft. or J = 11,920 ft. (continued) SMITHSONIAN METEOROLOGICAL TABLES 207 CORRECTION OF ALTIMETER READINGS FOR MEAN TEMPERATURE OF Elevation E or pressure-altitude Hp of surface—feet I,— Hp Mime Fa) * ( 4000 5000 6000 7000 8000 9000 10000 THE AIR COLUMN 3000 TABLE 67 (CONTINUED) TABLE 67 A-—Values of ( Indicated altitude I or Ip SOEMMN COBDDDH ASCANwT LC OMMNAMN ADAMOOA?rT OMNAM A Ses BPNNOMH OSTTMOM WM SRMANADQ MWHOoOoo ONOAT YM S MHNANH NCOOTD ASSOTAR ON meet NNO TTininw NekXe) SNH VNHOWO MEMOQN VT OW ONM SOM NATON COTTON COTTON NOW SaasN ANMMMT TMMMO CONN SONS AOOMVN BOSDD AOnaAwT COOnet SOMN ATONO SOTOHWH Ataris STAM SMAANN NMOMtTT BPOMHOO RNR Semo HwMWNSDH CMOSoMmM OCoONneo ATHNOt COMONnR TONOD COMMA MNA Oy Hno t+ OON IN SB AANA HNHTTST NMNOOCOKR RNWOD SOnQnoe KSAmqonm CANTATA ANYMTO VDOVROH | OmMMNODT CONMAM MRmIAMAM MAM AM HNRNOOT DW mae BANNAN YOtTTTM MOWOOON MRWODAA AX S SCADMO A S ONWBWMN AOTAT AVONN HNAQACH NOMA ON S ea a ol a S MNOTO FBNADN TONS SOtOMDN BHAtO AN cal mn NN oN oD TTMOM OOCOrRmM DODAN SoS SRO CO SEO, BERINTIO ICO NO) ROIS CCN Se Se SU Ent (CO eSB ROIS COIN Se Se COSTS RO SACS SI NOTH WAVGS FANSS PONSS FROKEN Sow en OF pa SN SanN ANNMHMST TFNNG OOCNNRD DOARDS ——— o oe ee ae! we js om NEUNNH LOW SMa MMAOY) SHMMA SAQWWDQ QONASN WVOCRNT CONN Rel On Nanas Naw SON Of NAH Anioo OANA NRawWwSotr HBDAODWH Aton Se) Sean NMS SAAN N NOOO T TNMMO ONMROD DAXRACGD OCnAAN Wigan oon oe! Soe I coe I ee cee | ° isa] QNOO NOTA NNDWO MTIMAN AUNMTNG YWOMOQ Noro S pec rem SRSA aC Sera SOMNO TNANO ACOMN FBHAMN BDHAYMN BOOTH MNAOH aS SHANNA HHT HNMGS RNRGBD DASSS BANA = Se gees Soe Bh oe Bh eee | So oe Oh oe Be oe | SMOMAaA NOAA? SNMMt SHAONMN HMO NNMNSYM NAMoMmo = SOO NO NE Ort rote — NII NO MONOF NATFON OAVMNH MANOS FONOH NWDANDDN OnDMOotaA SONA NWADGDNH WANKhS = AM BNNNM OMTTM MMoOoMnm NRRQOR ANCOR MANNION = aS BAMANNH YOMTTM Sete Meee = oo ooo ooo oo Soocee, Googe, Coeocae & oo Gocoo SocoSe a ssss sssss ssss Ssss sssss SSss ssssss Leas ssss SSsee ssss ZoSSSsSo Sess Series S) S SSsse Sees Sco re SS) S) S S ANOS MViOrc mNO tT M\Or.0cd Oonmn 4 Mm \O rm CO SOonmAN Oty ° maAN OS IN\OI On ANOS sett est Otters NNNNN NANNING 9909099 he ad a RS) NANNN (continued) SMITHSONIAN METEOROLOGICAL TABLES 278 TABLE 67 (CONTINUED) CORRECTION OF ALTIMETER READINGS FOR MEAN TEMPERATURE OF WONIAM RPWNHO TABLE 67 B.—Actual height above the surface 9744 10224 THE AIR COLUMN Actual mean virtual temperature of the air column—°C. —50 6690 6913 7136 7359 7582 7805 8028 8251 8474 8697 8920 9143 9366 9589 9812 10035 10258 10481 10704 —40 0 233 466 699 932 1165 1398 1631 1864 2097 2330 2563 2796 3029 3262 3495 3728 3961 4194 4427 4660 4893 5126 5359 5592 5825 6058 6291 6524 6757 6990 7223 7456 7689 7922 8155 8388 8621 8854 9087 9320 9553 9786 10019 10252 10485 10718 10951 11184 —30 ft. 0 243 486 729 972 1215 1458 1701 1944 2187 2430 2673 2916 3159 3402 3645 3888 4131 4374 4617 4860 5103 5346 5589 5832 6075 6318 6561 6804 7047 7290 7533 10692 10935 11178 11421 11664 —20 ft. 0 253 506 759 1012 1265 1518 1771 2024 2277 2530 2783 3036 3289 3542 3795 4048 10120 10373 10626 10879 11132 11385 11638 11891 12144 —10 ft. 0 263 526 789 1052 1315 1578 1841 2104 2367 2630 2893 3156 3419 3682 3945 4208 4471 4734 4997 5260 5523 5786 6049 6312 6575 6838 7101 7364 7627 7890 8153 8416 8679 8942 9205 9468 9731 9994 10257 10520 10783 11046 11309 11572 11835 12098 12361 12624 0 ft. 0 273 546 819 1092 1365 1638 1911 2184 2457 2730 3003 3276 3549 3822 4095 4368 4641 4914 5187 5460 5733 13104 +10 ft. 0 283 566 849 1132 1415 1698 1981 2264 2547 2830 3113 3396 3679 3962 4245 4528 4811 5094 5377 5660 5943 6226 6509 6792 7075 7358 7641 7924 8207 8490 8773 9056 9339 9622 9905 10255 10188 10548 10471 10841 10754 11134 11037 11427 11320 11720 11603 12013 11886 12306 12169 12599 12452 12892 12735 13185 13018 13478 13301 13771 13584 14064 10605 10908 11211 11514 11817 12120 12423 12726 13029 13332 13635 13938 14241 14544 10955 11268 11581 11894 12207 12520 12833 13146 13459 13772 14085 14398 14711 15024 9947 10437 10927 11417 11907 12397 12887 13377 13867 14357 14847 15337 10150 10650 11150 11650 12150 12650 13150 13650 (continued) SMITHSONIAN METEOROLOGICAL TABLES 14150 14650 15150 15650 TABLE 67 (CONCLUDED) 279 CORRECTION OF ALTIMETER READINGS FOR MEAN TEMPERATURE OF THE AIR COLUMN (ae Tmz x | Tas_e 67 B.—Actual height above the surface Ip — Hp me Th ft. ft. 10150 10650 10353 10863 10556 11076 10759 11289 10962 11502 11165 11715 11368 11928 11571 12141 11774 12354 11977 12567 12180 12780 12383 12993 12586 13206 12789 13419 12992 13632 13195 13845 13398 14058 13061 14271 13804 14484 14007 14697 14210 14910 14413 15123 14616 15336 14819 15549 15022 15762 15225 15975 15428 16188 15631 16401 15834 16614 16037 16827 16240 17040 16443 17253 16646 17466 16849 17679 17052 17892 17255 18105 17458 18318 17661 18531 17864 18067 18957 18270 19170 18473 19383 18676 19596 Actual mean virtual temperature of the air column—°C. ft. 11650 11883 12116 12349 12582 12815 13048 13281 13514 13747 13980 14213 14446 14679 14912 15145 15378 15611 15844 16077 16310 16543 16776 17009 17242 17475 17708 ft. 12150 12393 12636 12879 13122 13365 13608 13851 14094 14337 14580 14823 15066 15309 15552 15795 16038 16281 16524 16767 17010 17253 17496 17739 17982 18225 18468 18711 ft. 11150 11373 11596 11819 12042 12265 12488 12711 12934 13157 13380 13603 13826 14049 15272 14495 14718 14941 15164 15387 15610 15833 16056 16279 16502 16725 16948 17171 17941 17394 18174 17617 18407 17840 18640 18063 18873 19683 18286 19106 19926 18509 19339 20169 18732 19572 20412 18955 19805 20655 19178 20038 20898 19401 20271 21141 19197 19440 19847 20737 21627 20070 20970 21870 20293 21203 22113 20516 21436 22356 \=0 —60 —50 —40 —30 —20 —10 ft. 13150 13413 13676 13939 14202 14465 14728 14991 15254 15517 15780 16043 16306 16569 16832 17095 17358 17621 17884 18147 18410 18673 18936 19199 ft. 12650 12903 13156 13409 13662 13915 14168 14421 14674 14927 15180 15433 15686 15939 16192 16445 16698 16951 17204 17457 17710 17963 18216 18469 18722 18975 19228 19481 19725 19988 20251 19987 20777 20240 21040 20493 21303 20746 21566 20999 21829 21252 22092 21505 22355 21758 22618 22011 22881 18744 19624 20504 21384 22264 23144 22517 23407 22770 23670 23023 23933 23276 24196 0 +410 ft. ft. 13650 14150 13923 14433 14196 14716 14469 14999 14742 15282 15015 15565 15288 15848 15561 16131 15834 16414 16107 16697 16380 16980 16653 17263 16926 17546 17199 17829 17472 18112 17745 18395 18018 18678 18291 18961 18564 19244 18837 19527 19110 19810 19383 20093 19656 20376 19929 20659 20475 21225 20748 21508 21021 21791 21567 22357 21840 22640 22113 22923 22386 23206 22659 23489 22932 23772 23205 24055 23478 24338 23751 24621 24024 24904 24297 25187 24570 25470 24843 25753 25116 26036 18879 19809 20739 21669 22599 23529 24459 25389 26319 19082 20022 19285 20235 19488 20448 19691 20661 20962 21902 22842 21185 22135 23085 21408 22368 23328 21631 22601 23571 23782 24722 24035 24985 24288 25248 24541 25511 25662 26602 25935 26885 26208 27168 26481 27451 zo =§6300 (C40 ft. ft. ft. 14650 15150 15650 14943 15453 15963 15236 15756 16276 15529 16059 16589 15822 16362 16902 16115 16665 17215 16408 16968 17528 16701 17271 17841 16994 17574 18154 17287 17877 18467 17580 18180 18780 17873 18483 19093 18166 18786 19406 18459 19089 19719 18752 19392 20032 19045 19695 20345 19338 19998 20658 19631 20301 20971 19924 20604 21284 20217 20907 21597 20510 21210 21910 20803 21513 22223 21096 21816 22536 21389 22119 22849 19462 20202 20942 21682 22422 23162 21975 22725 23475 22268 23028 23788 22561 23331 24101 18954 19734 20514 21294 22074 22854 23634 24414 23147 23937 24727 23440 24240 25040 23733 24543 25353 24026 24846 25666 24319 25149 25979 24612 25452 26292 24905 25755 26605 25198 26058 26918 25491 26361 27231 25784 26664 27544 26077 26967 27857 26370 27270 28170 26663 27573 28483 26956 27876 28796 27249 28179 29109 27542 28482 29422 27835 28785 29735 28128 29088 30048 28421 29391 30361 19894 20874 21854 22834 23814 24794 25774 26754 27734 28714 29694 30674 20097 21087 22077 23067 24057 25047 26037 27027 28017 29007 29997 30987 20300 21300 22300 23300 24300 25300 26300 27300 28300 29300 30300 31300 SMITHSONIAN METEOROLOGICAL TABLES 220 TABLE 68 NACA STANDARD ATMOSPHERE, TENTATIVE PROPERTIES OF THE UPPER ATMOSPHERE 1* Recent developments in aeronautics and ordnance have demonstrated the need for information concerning the characteristics of the upper atmosphere. As a result of this need the National Advisory Committee for Aeronautics has prepared tentative tables of pertinent properties of the atmosphere for altitudes extending to 120 kilometers. The ‘tables are intended to serve as a tentative standard for evaluating the performance characteristics of aircraft, missiles, and prime movers, and for design purposes, and con- stitute an extension of Table 63, “Standard Atmosphere, Lower Atmosphere.” Tentative temperatures—Three sets of tentative temperature-height relationships have been adopted. One set gives tentative standard temperatures which are used as the basis of the tables and the other two list values of the probable minimum and the prob- able maximum temperatures for the entire world. These three sets of temperature dis- tributions which were originally recommended by the NACA Subcommittee on the Upper Atmosphere are given by linear variations with altitude between the points specified in the following tabulation of temperatures: TEMPERATURES Altitude Probable Tentative Probable minimum 2 standard maximum 2 km. °K cK kK 0 225 288 320 10.76923 ease 218 Nene 11 fate nites 250 17 180 es he 20 Seis 218 Are 25 rae oe 255 32 Sie 218 Sho 45 200 wea 380 50 shove 350 has 55 300 Bes , 60 vere 350 oe 70 ate ee. 380 78 hs 240 Aer 80 170 as 300 83 ates 240 Sor 120 300 375 600 Tentative composition—The tentative composition used in computing the table was arrived at by taking into consideration the fact that, at altitudes below 80 kilometers in the daytime and below 105 kilometers at night, the generally accepted variations in chemical composition are too small to affect appreciably the computed pressures and densities. However, it is believed that at levels above those just specified significant changes in composition result from the dissociation of oxygen molecules by solar radiation. It is furthermore known that the presence of water vapor in the atmosphere does not appreciably affect pressures and densities in the upper atmosphere. As a result of such considerations, and in the interest of simplicity, the following tentative specifications for 1Condensed from Warfield, C. N., Tentative tables for the properties of the upper atmosphere, NACA Techn. Note No. 1200, 1947. 7The values of ambient air temperature listed in these two columns are not intended to represent extreme values for the entire world, and for all time, but rather values that bracket the temperatures over nearly all the earth most of the time. It is, of course, unlikely that at any given time the atmosphere will assume the “probable minimum” (or “‘maximum’’) temperature distribution throughout its depth or through any major segment thereof, * Superseded by U. S. Extension to ICAO Standard Atmosphere, 1956. Geophysics Research Direc- torate, Air Force Cambridge Research Center, and U. S. Weather Bureau. (continued) SMITHSONIAN METEOROLOGICAL TABLES TABLE 68 (CONTINUED) 281 NAGA STANDARD ATMOSPHERE, TENTATIVE PROPERTIES OF THE UPPER ATMOSPHERE composition of the upper atmosphere were recommended by the Subcommittee and have been adopted for the purposes of computing the values in these tables: (1) For daytime, the dissociation of oxygen is such as to produce a constant volume gradient® from all-molecular oxygen at 80 kilometers to all-atomic oxygen at 100 kilometers. Except for oxygen dissociation the composition is the same as that at sea level. (2) For night time, the dissociation of oxygen such as to produce a constant volume gradient * from all-molecular oxygen at 105 kilometers to all-atomic oxygen at 120 kilometers. Except for oxygen dissociation the composition is the same as that at sea level. (3) At altitudes below the regions of oxygen dissociation the composition is the same as that at sea level. (4) At altitudes above the regions in which both molecular and atomic oxygen exist, as stipulated in (1) and (2), and up to at least 120 kilometers, the composition is the same as that at sea level, except for oxygen which is in the atomic rather than molecular form. List of Symbols.— p = mass per unit volume, p = pressure, T = temperature °A. (= 273+ °C.), M = molecular weight, h = height, g = acceleration of gravity, v = volume fraction of molecular oxygen in normal dry air. The following subscripts are used to refer to the indicated conditions: o = sea level, 1 = lower level, m = base of the region of oxygen dissociation, «a — top of the region of oxygen dissociation where oxygen is all atomic, a= base of region with constant temperature and constant composition, zn — base of region with constant temperature gradient and constant composition, o = base of region with constant temperature and constant volume gradient of dissociation, p==base of region with constant temperature gradient and constant volume gradient of dissociation. Basic constants.—In addition to the constants for the lower atmosphere given in Table 63, the following sea-level values of the various quantities have been adopted: GCoemiciehit : Giiviscosity Mo (12) where a Jopol Mp Co EM MaTSR) Seen Values of pa, pz, pc, po, Tz, and Tp can be found in the table corresponding to the appropriate height. T and M may be computed from equations (3) and (4) respectively. The value of M in the region where oxygen is all-atomic is equal to the value of M at the top of the underlying region where dissociation is occurring. Speed of sound.—The speed of sound a at any altitude relative to that at sea level ao is computed by the equation ae a ‘ 14 do a ( Yol oM ( ) where 1/2 n= (2) (15) Po and the ratio of the specific heats y (= cp/cy, see Table 70) is given by Yo 21 Mo ( ) Coefficient of viscosity—Sutherland’s equation for the variation of the coefficient of viscosity ~ with temperature is used, #=(£) (BS) (17) a ND T+S and the value adopted for S is 120. The Sutherland formula is strictly applicable only to a gas of constant composition and to pressures which are not too small, and consequently the tabulated values for the kinematic viscosity are obviously not entirely reliable at the higher altitudes. Molecular mean free path.—The ratio of the molecular mean free path at any altitude to the corresponding value at sea level A» is computed by A pol 9 (18) Xo PT ogo Conversion to true height—To convert a height h computed on the assumption of a constant value of the acceleration of gravity go = 9.80665 m. sec. to a “true height” H based on the assumption that gravity varies inversely as the square of the distance from the center of the earth the following formula may be used: 9.80665 Rh (5 (Se ea 1 g'o R— 9.80665 h OD where g’o is the acceleration of gravity (m. sec.~*) at sea level at the latitude in question and F is the radius of the earth in meters. Conversely eae ed ge SE CS 20 9.80665 (R+H) 20) Certain second-order terms which are customarily neglected in determining the varia- tion of gravity with height have been neglected in the derivation of equations (19) and (20) ; at very great heights these terms will give rise to small corrections. (continued ) SMITHSONIAN METEOROLOGICAL TABLES TABLE 68 (CONCLUDED) NACA STANDARD ATMOSPHERE, TENTATIVE PROPERTIES OF THE UPPER ATMOSPHERE 284 Tem- Alti- pera- Pressure tude ture h ay p m °A. mb. 20000 218.0 55.21 25000 218.0 25.22 30000 218.0 11.52 32000 8218.0 8.421 35000 240.0 5.381 40000 276.7 2.775 45000 313.3 1.554 50000 350.0 0.9282 55000 350.0 5698 60000 350.0 .3498 65000 319.4 0.2099 70000 288.9 1196 75000 258.3 .06406 78000 240.0 .04244 80000 240.0 0.03193 83000 240.0 .02098 85000 247.3 .01602 90000 265.5 .008640 95000 283.8 .004981 100000 302.0 0.003042 105000 320.3 001932 110000 338.5 .001258 115000 356.8 .0008383 120000 375.0 .0005698 80000 240.0 0.03193 83000 240.0 .02084 85000 247.3 01574 90000 265.5 .008084 95000 2838 .004339 100000 302.0 0.002421 105000 320.3 .001398 110000 = =338.5 .0008469 115000 356.8 0005427 120000 375.0 .0003646 *In the absolute (length-mass-time) system of units this quantity is termed ‘‘density” designated by the symbol p. Pressure ratio Specific Kinematic weight * viscosity b/ bo pg 7 kg. m.- m.? sec.-2 (a) For both day and night 5.449 * 10° 8821 10° 0.0001607 2.489 4.030 .0003518 WHEY, 1.841 .0007700 8.311 * 10% 1.346 .001054 Soul 7.810 * 10° .001969 2.739 3.494 0.004944 1.534 1.728 .01103 9160 <107*F 9237 3 1077 02245 5.623 5.670 .03658 3.452 3.481 05959 2.072 2.289 0.08452 1.181 1.443 1239 6.322) < 1084. 8:637 54.105 1892 4.189 6.161 .2496 (b) For day only SSS 1028 4635 X10 O3318 2.070 2.951 ey 1.582 2.145 7348 8.527 * 10° 1.026 1.629 4.916 5.284< 10% 3.336 3.002 2.901 6.383 1.907 1.737 11.16 1.242 1.071 18.89 8.273 * 107 6.766 * 107 31.10 5.624 4.376 49.92 (c) For night only S15 S10 4635 So l0n OSS1S 2.056 3.024 5085 1.553 2217 7110 7.978 X 10° 1.060 1.576 4.283 BIS27 S100 3309 2.390 2.793 6.630 1.380 inal 12.74 8.358 K 107 8.146 107 24.83 4.649 5.356 3.598 SMITHSONIAN METEOROLOGICAL TABLES 2.800 45.26 78.01 Speed of sound a m. sec.-? 296.0 296.0 296.0 296.0 310.6 333.5 Mean free path of molecules r m,. 0.00102 10° 00224 -00490 .00671 0116 0.0259 .0523 .0978 -159 299 0.395 626 1.05 1.47 195 ><105* 2.97 4.00 7.97 14.8 25.7 43.0 69.8 110 171 1955 15" and is usually TABLE 69 235 DENSITY-ALTITUDE DIAGRAM (Kin.) (1000's Ft) 21” 228 23° 24° This diagram expresses density-altitude (ft.) in the s 15 U. S. Standard Atmosphere as a function of barometric pressure (in. Hg.) and virtual temperature (‘F.). (Heavy dashed curve shows interrelations of temperature, 14 ressure, and pressure-altitude in the U. S. tandard Risioanhars, where t°F.=59°—0.003566Z (Z=pressure- altitude in feet).) 255 The diagram is based on the pete Gee which 13 is only valid up to 35,332 ft. (10.769 Km): 0.23500 “5 h=145,366 f - (14228) | s where h = density-altitude in feet, a 1 Ty = virtual temperature in °Rankine, = 459.4° + ty °F, ty = virtual temperature in °F., and P = barometric pressure in inches of mercury. 2.5 2.0 6 =] 1.5 5 = 4 1.0,! a 3 w a SSicseseesrers 2 0.5A =e ! np | w ! DENSITY-—ALTITUDE (1000's Ft) -8 ttt 2.5 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 31.6 (In. Hg.) (In. Hg.) BAROMETRIC PRESSURE (Mb.) 700 750 800 850 900 950 1000 1050 (Mb.) 1 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 -1 PRESSURE-ALTITUDE (1000's Ft.) SMITHSONIAN METEOROLOGICAL TABLES een He tad hy ' ¥ ne F ' / : ‘et nm i. i vi a geil Ad word = pe an *) sha ocala 7 a x aan ses oat ' re al Wai iON, or yor a rh ath parent “ATMA fan gy “be peg ri £ 4) ‘4 _ i 4 i SECTION VI THERMODYNAMIC TABLES iM i oe i nh : AD ‘Dek ae i ras if 1) A - i nat ; i A Beye a . Sr Siar OE MUAVEL CCM ARSE ion i bi : ' M, bec ti i i | | Wi : } ; \ } ies 7 | ne vi ; Pr Vee i = alas ee ; H ! e ; i i ; ah Why ’ hy H Le al Pi | ae ae ae ” ' b hei ink iA its } Le ne be Gay ; en 4 Si i a - Py ' ru ae i) i hel fi TABLE 70 289 THERMODYNAMIC CONSTANTS Basic constants: 7” Apparent molecular weight of dry air, M. M = 28.966 Absolute temperature of the ice point, To. Dg 2s SGR KK. Energy equivalent of the International Steam Table calorie (ITcal.) and the 15 °C. water calorie (cals). (Also see Table 1). 1 ITcal. = 4.18684 & 10° ergs EES Pe 860 X 10° 1 ITcal. = 1.00032 caliss Gas constant, R*, for 1 gram mol of ideal gas. R* = 8.31436 & 10’ erg. mol? °K. = 1.98583 ITcal. mol °K. Gas constant, R, for 1 gram of dry air. R= 287045610 ersten ck ==6:.8097 10m Eealnienee chen Molecular weight, Mw, of water vapor. M. = 18.0160 Gas constant, R., for 1 gram of water vapor. Re=4.6150 X10 ereia kK = PlO2265C 10s iiealtes CKar mean International kilowatt-hours Specific heats: ? Dry air, Recommended Range of value actual values constant pressure, Cp 7R/2= 0,240 Aa calyies SK 0,2394-0.2414 (see Table 88) constant volume, co SR/Z— OA tealies Skea 0.171-0.172 ratio, Cp/Ce 7/5 = 1.400 1.40-1.41 difference, cp — Co R='(0.0686) biicali ie 2K Water, liquid, cw L000 Ticalig.= 2K 0.999-1.3 (see Table 92) ice, Cs 0:5 Ditcalal gs * Kost 0.5-0.3 (see Table 92) Water vapor, constant pressure, Cpe 4R. = 04411 Teall eg.) oKF 0.44-0.46 (see Table 91) constant volume, Cov SRe= OBS healwe.cs Kos 0.33-0.34 ratio, Cpv/Cuv 4/3) = 1-333 1.32-1.33 difference, Cpv — Cow Re — O10 tealg eke 17. M. O. Twelfth Conference of Directors, Resolution 164, Washington, 1948, 3T. M. O. Aerological Commission, Doc. 71, app. IV, Toronto, 1948. SMITHSONIAN METEOROLOGICAL TABLES 2900 TABLE 71 DENSITY OF AIR The density p of air, in cgs units, is given by p — pice ’ (1) where p = total barometric pressure, dynes. cm.~’, R= gas constant for dry air, 2.8704 « 10° erg g.* °K.7, T’, = adjusted virtual temperature of the air, °K. (see Table 72). For pressure p measured in millibars, the density p in kg. m.* (1 kg. m.* = 10 g. cm.*) is = PRET p = 0.34838 rr (2) Forsp= 013.25 and fre. 273:16) °K. (0) 2.) spi= 1.-2923' S10 ecm (continued) SMITHSONIAN METEOROLOGICAL TABLES TABLE 71 (CONTINUED) eased DENSITY OF AIR virtual tem- Pressure—millibars era- ture “1100 1000 900 800 700 600 500 t’v °C. kg.m.3 kg.m.? kg.m.3 kg.m.-? kg.m.-3 kg.m.-3 kg.m.3 —110 2.3488 2.1352 1.9217 1.7082 1.4947 1.2811 1.0676 —109 2.3344 2.1222 1.9100 1.6978 1.4856 1.2733 1.0611 —108 2.3203 2.1094 1.8984 1.6875 1.4766 1.2656 1.0547 —107 2.3063 2.0967 1.8870 1.6773 1.4677 1.2580 1.0483 —106 2.2925 2.0841 1.8757 1.6673 1.4589 1.2505 1.0421 —105 2.2789 2.0717 1.8646 1.6574 1.4502 1.2430 1.0359 —104 2.2654 2.0595 1.8535 1.6476 1.4416 1.2357 1.0297 —103 2.2521 2.0474 1.8427 1.6379 1.4332 1.2284 1.0237 —102 2.2390 2.0354 1.8319 1.6283 1.4248 1.2213 1.0177 —101 2.2260 2.0236 1.8212 1.6189 1.4165 1.2142 1.0118 —100 2.2131 2.0119 1.8107 1.6095 1.4083 1.2072 1.0060 — 99 2.2004 2.0004 1.8003 1.6003 1.4003 1.2002 1.0002 — 98 2.1878 1.9890 1.7901 1.5912 1.3923 1.1934 0.9945 — 97 21754 1.9776 1.7799 1.5821 1.3844 1.1866 0.9888 — 96 2.1631 1.9665 1.7698 1.5732 1.3765 1.1799 0.9832 — 95 2.1510 1.9554 1.7599 1.5644 1.3688 1.1733 0.9777 — 94 2.1390 1.9445 1.7501 1.5556 1.3612 1.1667 0.9723 — 93 2.1271 1.9338 1.7404 1.5470 1.3536 1.1602 0.9669 — 92 2.1154 1.9231 1.7308 1.5385 1.3461 1.1538 0.9615 — 91 2.1038 1.9125 1.7213 1.5300 1.3388 1.1475 0.9563 — 90 2.0923 1.9021 1.7119 1.5217 1.3314 1.1412 0.9510 — 89 2.0809 1.8917 1.7026 1.5134 1.3242 1.1350 0.9459 — 88 2.0697 1.8815 1.6934 1.5052 1.3171 1.1289 0.9408 — 87 2.0586 1.8714 1.6843 1.4971 1.3100 1.1229 0.9357 — 86 2.0476 1.8614 1.6753 1.4891 1.3030 1.1169 0.9307 — 85 2.0367 1.8515 1.6664 1.4812 1.2961 1.1109 0.9258 — 84 2.0259 1.8417 1.6576 1.4734 1.2892 1.1050 0.9209 — 83 2.0153 1.8321 1.6489 1.4656 1.2824 1.0992 0.9160 — 82 2.0047 1.8225 1.6402 1.4580 1.2757 1.0935 0.9112 — 81 1.9943 1.8130 1.6317 1.4504 1.2691 1.0878 0.9065 — 80 1.9840 1.8036 1.6232 1.4429 1.2625 1.0822 0.9018 — 79 1.9737 1.7943 1.6149 1.4354 1.2560 1.0766 0.8972 — 78 1.9636 1.7851 1.6066 1.4281 1.2496 1.0711 0.8926 — 77 1.9536 1.7760 1.5984 1.4208 1.2432 1.0656 0.8880 — 76 1.9437 1.7670 1.5903 1.4136 1.2369 1.0602 0.8835 — 75 1.9339 1.7581 1.5823 1.4065 1.2307 1.0549 0.8790 — 74 1.9242 1.7493 1.5743 1.3994 1.2245 1.0496 0.8746 — 73 1.9146 1.7405 1.5665 1.3924 1.2184 1.0443 0.8703 — 72 1.9051 1.7319 1.5587 1.3855 1.2123 1.0391 0.8659 — 71 1.8956 1.7233 1.5510 1.3786 1.2063 1.0340 0.8617 — 70 1.8863 1.7148 1.5433 1.3719 1.2004 1.0289 0.8574 — 69 1.8771 1.7064 1.5358 1.3651 1.1945 1.0239 0.8532 — 68 1.8679 1.6981 1.5283 1.3585 1.1887 1.0189 0.8491 — 67 1.8589 1.6899 1.5209 1.3519 1.1829 1.0139 0.8449 — 66 1.8499 1.6817 1.5135 1.3454 1.1772 1.0090 0.8409 — 65 1.8410 1.6736 1.5063 1.3389 1.1715 1.0042 0.8368 — 64 1.8322 1.6656 1.4991 1.3325 1.1659 0.9994 0.8328 — 63 1.8235 1.6577 1.4919 1.3262 1.1604 0.9946 0.8289 — 62 1.8148 1.6498 1.4849 1.3199 1.1549 0.9899 0.8249 — 61 1.8063 1.6421 1.4779 1.3137 1.1495 0.9852 0.8210 — 60 1.7978 1.6344 1.4709 1.3075 1.1441 0.9806 0.8172 — 59 1.7894 1.6267 1.4641 1.3014 1.1387 0.9760 0.8134 — 58 1.7811 1.6192 1.4573 1.2953 1.1334 0.9715 0.8096 — 57 1.7729 1.6117 1.4505 1.2894 1.1282 0.9670 0.8058 — 56 1.7647 1.6043 1.4438 1.2834 1.1230 0.9626 0.8021 — 55 1.7566 1.5969 1.4372 1.2775 1.1178 0.9582 0.7985 (continued) SMITHSONIAN METEOROLOGICAL TABLES 400 kg. m.-3 0.8541 0.8489 0.8437 0.8387 0.8337 0.8287 0.8238 0.8190 0.8142 0.8094 0.8048 0.8001 0.7956 0.7911 0.7866 0.7822 0.7778 0.7735 0.7692 0.7650 0.7608 0.7567 0.7526 0.7486 0.7446 0.7406 0.7367 0.7328 0.7290 0.7252 0.7214 0.7177 0.7140 0.7104 0.7068 0.7032 0.6997 0.6962 0.6927 0.6893 0.6859 0.6826 0.6792 0.6759 0.6727 0.6695 0.6663 0.6631 0.6599 0.6568 0.6538 0.6507 0.6477 0.6447 0.6417 0.6388 300 200 kg.m.-3 kg. m.- 0.6406 0.4270 0.6367 0.4244 0.6328 0.4219 0.6290 0.4193 0.6252 0.4168 0.6215 0.4143 0.6178 0.4119 0.6142 0.4095 0.6106 0.4071 0.6071 0.4047 0.6036 0.4024 0.6001 0.4001 0.5967 0.3978 0.5933 0.3955 0.5899 0.3933 0.5866 0.3911 0.5834 0.3889 0.5801 0.3868 0.5769 0.3846 0.5738 0.3825 0.5706 -0.3804 0.5675 0.3783 0.5645 0.3763 0.5614 0.3743 0.5584 0.3723 0.5555 0.3703 0.5525 0.3683 0.5496 0.3664 0.5467 0.3645 0.5439 0.3626 0.5411 0.3607 0.5383 0.3589 0.5355 0.3570 0.5328 0.3552 0.5301 0.3534 0.5274 0.3516 0.5248 0.3499 0.5222 0.3481 0.5196 0.3464 0.5170 0.3447 0.5144 0.3430 0.5119 0.3413 0.5094 0.3396 0.5070 0.3380 0.5045 0.3363 0.5021 0.3347 0.4997 0.3331 0.4973 0.3315 0.4950 0.3300 0.4926 0.3284 0.4903 0.3269 0.4880 0.3253 0.4858 0.3238 0.4835 0.3223 0.4813 0.3209 0.4791 0.3194 291 100 kg.m. 0.2135 0.2122 0.2109 0.2097 0.2084 0.2072 0.2059 0.2047 0.2035 0.2024 0.2012 0.2000 1.1989 0.1978 0.1966 0.1955 0.1945 0.1934 0.1923 0.1913 0.1902 0.1892 0.1882 0.1871 0.1861 0.1852 0.1842 0.1832 0.1822 0.1813 0.1804 0.1794 0.1785 0.1776 0.1767 0.1758 0.1749 0.1741 0.1732 0.1723 0.1715 0.1706 0.1698 0.1690 0.1682 0.1674 0.1666 0.1658 0.1650 0.1642 0.1634 0.1627 0.1619 0.1612 0.1604 0.1597 292 Ad- justed virtual tem- pera- ture t’o Ge =e ay —53 —52 —51 —50 —49 —48 AF, —46 —45 —44 243 m4? aay —40 —39 =238 37 aS et —34 3.33 32 aE at —30 —29 —28 —27 —26 —25 —24 —23 —22 —21 —20 —19 —18 —17 —16 Oo FPFNWAYN ANO 1100 kg.m.-3 kg.m.- kg.m. kg.m.-? kg.m.-8 1.7566 1.7486 1.7407 1.7328 1.7250 1.7173 1.7096 1.7020 1.6945 1.6870 1.6796 1.6723 1.6650 1.6578 1.6507 1.6436 1.6366 1.6296 1.6227 1.6159 1.6091 1.6024 1.5957 1.5891 1.5825 1.5760 1.5696 1.5632 1.5568 1.5505 1.5443 1.5381 1.5319 1.5258 1.5198 1.5138 1.5078 1.5019 1.4960 1.4902 1.4844 1.4787 1.4730 1.4674 1.4618 1.4562 1.4507 1.4452 1.4398 1.4344 1.4291 1.4238 1.4185 1.4133 1.4081 1.4029 1000 1.5969 1.5896 1.5824 1.5752 1.5682 1.5611 1.5542 1.5473 1.5404 1.5336 1.5269 1.5203 1.5137 1.5071 1.5006 1.4942 1.4878 1.4815 1.4752 1.4690 1.4628 1.4567 1.4506 1.4446 1.4386 1.4327 1.4269 1.4210 1.4153 1.4096 1.4039 1.3982 1.3926 1.3871 1.3816 1.3761 1.3707 1.3654 1.3600 1.3547 1.3495 1.3443 1.3391 1.3340 1.3289 1.3238 1.3188 1.3139 1.3089 1.3040 1.2992 1.2943 1.2896 1.2848 1.2801 1.2754 900 1.4372 1.4307 1.4242 1.4177 1.4113 1.4050 1.3988 1.3925 1.3864 1.3803 1.3742 1.3682 1.3623 1.3564 1.3506 1.3448 1.3390 1.3333 1.3277 1.3221 1.3165 1.3110 1.3056 1.3001 1.2948 1.2895 1.2842 1.2789 1.2737 1.2686 1.2635 1.2584 1.2534 1.2484 1.2434 1.2385 1.2336 1.2288 1.2240 1.2193 1.2145 1.2099 1.2052 1.2006 1.1960 1.1915 1.1869 1.1825 1.1780 1.1736 1.1692 1.1649 1.1606 1.1563 1.1521 1.1478 TABLE 71 (CONTINUED) DENSITY OF AIR 800 1.2775 1.2717 1.2659 1.2602 1.2545 1.2489 1.2433 1.2378 1.2323 1.2269 1.2215 1.2162 1.2109 1.2057 1.2005 1.1953 1.1902 1.1852 1.1802 1.1752 1.1702 1.1654 1.1605 121557 1.1509 1.1462 1.1415 1.1368 1.1322 1.1276 1.1231 1.1186 1.1141 1.1097 1.1053 1.1009 1.0966 1.0923 1.0880 1.0838 1.0796 1.0754 1.0713 1.0672 1.0631 1.0591 1.0551 1.0511 1.0471 1.0432 1.0393 1.0355 1.0316 1.0278 1.0241 1.0203 SMITHSONIAN METEOROLOGICAL TABLES Pressure—millibars 700 = 600 1.1178 0.9582 1.1127 0.9538 1.1077 0.9494 1.1027 0.9452 1.0977 0.9409 1.0928 0.9367 1.0879 0.9325 1.0831 0.9284 1.0783 0.9243 1.0736 0.9202 1.0689 0.9162 1.0642 0.9122 1.0596 0.9082 1.0550 0.9043 1.0504 0.9004 1.0459 0.8965 1.0415 0.8927 1.0370 0.8889 1.0326 0.8851 1.0283 0.8814 1.0240 0.8777 1.0197 0.8740 1.0154 0.8704 1.0112 0.8668 1.0071 0.8632 1.0029 0.8596 0.9988 0.8561 0.9947 0.8526 0.9907 0.8492 0.9867 0.8457 0.9827 0.8423 0.9788 0.8389 0.9748 0.8356 0.9710 0.8323 0.9671 0.8290 0.9633 0.8257 0.9595 0.8224 0.9557 0.8192 0.9520 0.8160 0.9483 0.8128 0.9446 0.8097 0.9410 0.8066 0.9374 0.8035 0.9338 0.8004 0.9302 0.7973 0.9267 0.7943 0.9232 0.7913 0.9197 0.7883 0.9162 0.7854 0.9128 0.7824 0.9094 0.7795 0.9060 0.7766 0.9027 0.7737 0.8994 0.7709 0.8960 0.7680 0.8928 0.7652 (continued) 500 0.7985 0.7948 0.7912 0.7876 0.7841 0.7806 0.7771 0.7736 0.7702 0.7668 0.7635 0.7601 0.7568 0.7536 0.7503 0.7471 0.7439 0.7407 0.7376 0.7345 0.7314 0.7284 0.7253 0.7223 0.7193 0.7164 0.7134 0.7105 0.7076 0.7048 0.7019 0.6991 0.6963 0.6936 0.6908 0.6881 0.6854 0.6827 0.6800 0.6774 0.6747 0.6721 0.6696 0.6670 0.6644 0.6619 0.6594 0.6569 0.6545 0.6520 0.6496 0.6472 0.6448 0.6424 0.6400 0.6377 400 0.6388 0.6359 0.6330 0.6301 0.6273 0.6245 0.6217 0.6189 0.6162 0.6135 0.6108 0.6081 0.6055 0.6028 0.6002 0.5977 0.5951 0.5926 0.5901 0.5876 0.5851 0.5827 0.5803 0.5778 0.5755 0.5731 0.5707 0.5684 0.5661 0.5638 0.5615 0.5593 0.5571 0.5548 0.5526 0.5505 0.5483 0.5461 0.5440 0.5419 0.5398 0.5377 0.5356 0.5336 0.5316 0.5295 0.5275 0.5255 0.5236 0.5216 0.5197 0.5177 0.5158 0.5139 0.5120 0.5102 300 kg.m.- kg.m.- kg.m.-? kg, m.-3 0.4791 0.4769 0.4747 0.4726 0.4704 0.4683 0.4663 0.4642 0.4621 0.4601 0.4581 0.4561 0.4541 0.4521 0.4502 0.4483 0.4463 0.4444 0.4426 0.4407 0.4388 0.4370 0.4352 0.4334 0.4316 0.4298 0.4281 0.4263 0.4246 0.4229 0.4212 0.4195 0.4178 0.4161 0.4145 0.4128 0.4112 0.4096 0.4080 0.4064 0.4048 0.4033 0.4017 0.4002 0.3987 0.3972 0.3956 0.3942 0.3927 0.3912 0.3897 0.3883 0.3869 0.3854 0.3840 0.3826 200 kg. m.-3 0.3194 0.3179 0.3165 0.3150 0.3136 0.3122 0.3108 0.3095 0.3081 0.3067 0.3054 0.3041 0.3027 0.3014 0.3001 0.2988 0.2976 0.2963 0.2950 0.2938 0.2926 0.2913 0.2901 0.2889 0.2877 0.2865 0.2854 0.2842 0.2831 0.2819 0.2808 0.2796 0.2785 0.2774 0.2763 0.2752 0.2741 0.2731 0.2720 0.2709 0.2699 0.2689 0.2678 0.2668 0.2658 0.2648 0.2638 0.2628 0.2618 0.2608 0.2598 0.2589 0.2579 0.2570 0.2560 0.2551 100 kg. m. 0.1597 0.1590 0.1582 0.1575 0.1568 0.1561 0.1554 0.1547 0.1540 0.1534 0.1527 0.1520 0.1514 0.1507 0.1501 0.1494 0.1488 0.1481 0.1475 0.1469 0.1463 0.1457 0.1451 0.1445 0.1439 0.1433 0.1427 0.1421 0.1415 0.1410 0.1404 0.1398 0.1393 0.1387 0.1382 0.1376 0.1371 0.1365 0.1360 0.1355 0.1349 0.1344 0.1339 0.1334 0.1329 0.1324 0.1319 0.1314 0.1309 0.1304 0.1299 0.1294 0.1290 0.1285 0.1280 0.1275 1100 1000 kg.m.-3 kg.m.-? kg.m.- kg.m.-° kg. m.-3 1.4029 1.3978 1.3927 1.3877 1.3827 1.3777 1.3728 1.3679 1.3630 1.3582 1.3534 1.3486 1.3439 1.3392 1.3345 1.3299 1.3253 1.3207 1.3162 1.3117 1.3072 1.3028 1.2984 1.2940 1.2896 1.2853 1.2810 1.2767 1:2725 1.2683 1.2641 1.2599 1.2558 1.2517 1.2476 1.2436 1.2396 12396 311232 1.2316 1.1196 1.2276 1.1160 1:2237 \1125 1.2198 1.1089 1.2160 1.1054 1.2121 1.1019 1.2083 1.0984 1.2045 1.0950 1.2007 1.0916 1.1970 1.0882 1.1932 1.0848 1.1895 1.0814 1.1859 1.0780 1.2754 1.2707 1.2661 1.2615 1.2570 1.2525 1.2480 1.2435 1.2391 1.2347 1.2303 1.2260 hz217 1.2174 1.2132 1.2090 1.2048 1.2007 1.1965 1.1924 1.1884 1.1843 1.1803 1.1763 1.1724 1.1684 1.1645 1.1607 1.1568 1.1530 1.1492 1.1454 1.1416 1.1379 1.1342 1.1305 1.1269 TABLE 71 (CONTINUED) DENSITY OF AIR Pressure—millibars 900 800 1.1478 1.1437 1.1395 1.1354 1.1313 1.1272 1.1232 P1192 1.1152 1.1112 1.1073 1.1034 1.0995 1.0957 1.0919 1.0881 1.0843 1.0806 1.0769 1.0732 1.0695 1.0659 1.0623 1.0587 1.0551 1.0516 1.0481 1.0446 1.0411 1.0377 1.0343 1.0309 1.0275 1.0241 1.0208 1.0175 1.0142 1.0203 1.0166 1.0129 1.0092 1.0056 1.0020 0.9984 0.9948 0.9913 0.9878 0.9843 0.9808 0.9774 0.9740 0.9706 0.9672 0.9638 0.9605 0.9572 0.9540 0.9507 0.9475 0.9443 0.9411 0.9379 0.9348 0.9316 0.9285 0.9254 0.9224 0.9193 0.9163 0.9133 0.9103 0.9074 0.9044 0.9015 1.0109 0.8986 1.0077 0.8957 1.0044 0.8928 1.0012 0.8900 0.9980 0.8872 0.9949 0.8843 0.9917 0.8815 0.9886 0.8788 0.9855 0.8760 0.9824 0.8732 0.9793 0.8705 0.9763 0.8678 0.9733 0.8651 0.9702 0.8624 SMITHSONIAN METEOROLOGICAL TABLES 700 0.8928 0.8895 0.8863 0.8831 0.8799 0.8767 0.8736 0.8705 0.8674 0.8643 0.8612 0.8582 0.8552 0.8522 0.8492 0.8463 0.8434 0.8405 0.8376 0.8347 0.8319 0.8290 0.8262 0.8234 0.8207 0.8179 0.8152 0.8125 0.8098 0.8071 0.8044 0.8018 0.7991 0.7965 0.7939 0.7914 0.7888 0.7863 0.7837 0.7812 0.7787 0.7763 0.7738 0.7713 0.7689 0.7665 0.7641 0.7617 0.7593 0.7570 0.7546 600 kg. m.-3 0.7652 0.7624 0.7597 0.7569 0.7542 0.7515 0.7488 0.7461 0.7435 0.7408 0.7382 0.7356 0.7330 0.7305 0.7279 0.7254 0.7229 0.7204 0.7179 0.5983 0.7155 0.5962 0.7130 0.5942 0.7106 0.5922 0.7082 0.5902 0.7058 0.5882 0.7034 0.5862 0.7011 0.5842 0.6987 0.5823 0.6964 0.5803 0.6941 0.5784 0.6918 0.5765 0.6895 0.5746 0.6872 0.5727 0.6850 0.5708 0.6827 0.5690 0.6805 0.5671 0.6783 0.5653 0.6761 0.5634 0.6739 0.5616 0.6718 0.5598 0.6696 0.5580 0.6675 0.5562 0.6654 0.5545 0.6633 0.5527 0.6612 0.5510 0.6591 0.5492 0.6570 0.5475 0.6549 0.6529 0.6509 0.6488 0.6468 500 kg. m. 0.6377 0.6354 0.6331 0.6308 0.6285 0.6262 0.6240 0.6218 0.6195 0.6174 0.6152 0.6130 0.6109 0.6087 0.6066 0.6045 0.6024 0.6003 (continued) 400 300 kg.m.-* kg.m.-3 0.5102 0.3826 0.5083 0.3812 0.5064 0.3798 0.5046 0.3785 0.5028 0.3771 0.5010 0.3757 0.4992 0.3744 0.4974 0.3731 0.4956 0.3717 0.4939 0.3704 0.4921 0.3691 0.4904 0.3678 0.4887 0.3665 0.4870 0.3652 0.4853 0.3640 0.4836 0.3627 0.4819 0.3614 0.4803 0.3602 0.4786 0.3590 0.4770 0.3577 0.4753 0.3565 0.4737 0.3553 0.4721 0.3541 0.4705 0.3529 0.4690 0.3517 0.4674 0.3505 0.4658 0.3494 0.4643 0.3482 0.4627 0.3470 0.4612 0.3459 0.4597 0.3448 0.4582 0.4537 0.4522 0.4507 0.4493 0.4479 0.4464 0.3348 0.4450 0.3337 0.4436 0.3327 0.4422 0.3316 0.4408 0.3306 0.4394 0.3295 0.4380 0.3285 0.4366 0.3275 0.4353 0.3264 0.4339 0.3254 0.4326 0.3244 0.4312 0.3234 200 kg. m.-3 0.2551 0.2541 0.2532 0.2523 0.2514 0.2505 0.2496 0.2487 0.2478 0.2469 0.2461 0.2452 0.2443 0.2435 0.2426 0.2418 0.2410 0.2401 0.2393 0.2385 0.2377 0.2369 0.2361 0.2353 0.2345 0.2337 0.2329 0.2321 0.2314 0.2306 0.2298 0.2291 0.2283 0.2276 0.2268 0.2261 0.2254 0.2246 0.2239 0.2232 0.2225 0.2218 0.2211 0.2204 0.2197 0.2190 0.2183 0.2176 0.2170 0.2163 0.2156 293 100 kg. m. 0.1275 0.1271 0.1266 0.1262 0.1257 0.1252 0.1248 0.1244 0.1239 0.1235 0.1230 0.1226 0.1222 0.1217 0.1213 0.1209 0.1205 0.1201 0.1197 0.1192 0.1188 0.1184 0.1180 0.1176 0.1172 0.1168 0.1165 0.1161 0.1157 0.1153 0.1149 0.1145 0.1142 0.1138 0.1134 0.1131 0.1127 0.1123 0.1120 0.1116 0.1112 0.1109 0.1105 0.1102 0.1098 0.1095 0.1092 0.1088 0.1085 0.1081 0.1078 294 Ad- justed virtual tem- pera- ture 1100 t’y SC) ikeumise 50 ~=1.1859 Se e822 52 1.1786 530) e750 54 1.1714 55 1.1678 56 =1.1642 57a, Wel607 58a e572 59 1.1537 60 1.1503 61 1.1468 62 = 1.1434 63 1.1400 64 =1.1366 65) 31-1333 66 ~=1.1299 67 1.1266 68m) e1212Z33 69 1.1200 7A) ABI ee wlel35 2 REINS Zon alelOzt 74 ~=1.1039 sy alloy 76 ~=1.0976 77 ~—«:1.0944 78 ~=1.0913 79 =: 1.0882 80 1.0851 81 = 1.0821 82 1.0790 831.0760 84 ~—-:1.0730 85 1.0700 86 1.0670 87 1.0640 88 1.0611 89 =: 1.0582 90 1.0552 91 1.0523 92 = 1.0495 93 1.0466 94 = 1.0437 95 1.0409 96 ~=1.0381 97 ~—-: 1.0353 98 1.0325 99 1.0297 100 = 1.0270 1000 900 TABLE 71 (CONCLUDED) DENSITY OF AIR 800 Pressure—millibars 700 600 kg.m.3 kg.m.? kg.m.-? kg.m.-3 kg. m.-3 1.0780 0.0747 1.0714 1.0681 1.0649 1.0616 1.0584 1.0552 1.0520 1.0488 1.0457 1.0426 1.0394 1.0364 1.0333 1.0302 1.0272 1.0242 1.0212 1.0182 1.0152 1.0123 1.0093 1.0064 1.0035 1.0006 0.9978 0.9949 0.9921 0.9893 0.9865 0.9837 0.9809 0.9782 0.9754 0.9727 0.9700 0.9673 0.9646 0.9620 0.9593 0.9567 0.9541 0.9514 0.9489 0.9463 0.9437 0.9412 0.9386 0.9361 0.9336 0.9702 0.9673 0.9643 0.9613 0.9584 0.9555 0.9526 0.9497 0.9468 0.9440 0.9411 0.9383 0.9355 0.9327 0.9300 0.9272 0.9245 0.9218 0.9191 0.9164 0.9137 0.9110 0.9084 0.9058 0.9032 0.9006 0.8980 0.8954 0.8929 0.8904 0.8878 0.8853 0.8828 0.8804 0.8779 0.8754 0.8730 0.8706 0.8682 0.8658 0.8634 0.8610 0.8587 0.8563 0.8540 0.8517 0.8493 0.8471 0.8448 0.8425 0.8402 0.8624 0.8598 0.8571 0.8545 0.8519 0.8493 0.8467 0.8442 0.8416 0.8391 0.8366 0.8340 0.8316 0.8291 0.8266 0.8242 0.8218 0.8193 0.8169 0.8146 0.8122 0.8098 0.8075 0.8051 0.8028 0.8005 0.7982 0.7959 0.7937 0.7914 0.7892 0.7870 0.7847 0.7825 0.7803 0.7782 0.7760 0.7738 0.7717 0.7696 0.7674 0.7653 0.7632 0.7612 0.7591 0.7570 0.7550 0.7529 0.7509 0.7489 0.7469 SMITHSONIAN METEOROLOGICAL TABLES 0.7546 0.6468 0.7523 0.6448 0.7500 0.6429 0.7477 0.6409 0.7454 0.6389 0.7431 0.6370 0.7409 0.6350 0.7386 0.6331 0.7364 0.6312 0.7342 0.6293 0.7320 0.6274 0.7298 0.6255 0.7276 0.6237 0.7255 0.6218 0.7233 0.6200 0.7212 0.6181 0.7190 0.6163 0.7169 0.6145 0.7148 0.6127 0.7127 0.6109 0.7107 0.6091 0.7086 0.6074 0.7065 0.6056 0.7045 0.6039 0.7025 0.6021 0.7004 0.6004 0.6984 0.5987 0.6965 0.5970 0.6945 0.5953 0.6925 0.5936 0.6905 0.5919 0.6886 0.5902 0.6866 0.5886 0.6847 0.5869 0.6828 0.5853 0.6809 0.5836 0.6790 0.5820 0.6771 0.5804 0.6752 0.5788 0.6734 0.5772 0.6715 0.5756 0.6697 0.5740 0.6678 0.5724 0.6660 0.5709 0.6642 0.5693 0.6624 0.5678 0.6606 0.5662 0.6588 0.5647 9.6570 0.5632 0.6553 0.5617 0.6535 0.5602 500 kg. m.-3 0.5390 0.5374 0.5357 0.5341 0.5324 0.5308 0.5292 0.5276 0.5260 0.5244 0.5228 0.5213 0.5197 0.5182 0.5166 0.5151 0.5136 0.5121 0.5106 0.5091 0.5076 0.5061 0.5047 0.5032 0.5018 0.5003 0.4989 0.4975 0.4960 0.4946 0.4932 0.4918 0.4905 0.4891 0.4877 0.4864 0.4850 0.4836 0.4823 0.4810 0.4797 0.4783 0.4770 0.4757 0.4744 0.4731 0.4719 0.4706 0.4693 0.4681 0.4668 400 kg. m.-3 0.4312 0.4299 0.4286 0.4273 0.4259 0.4247 0.4234 0.4221 0.4208 0.4195 0.4183 0.4170 0.4158 0.4145 0.4133 0.4121 0.4109 0.4097 0.4085 0.4073 0.4061 0.4049 0.4037 0.4026 0.4014 0.4003 0.3991 0.3980 0.3968 0.3957 0.3946 0.3935 0.3924 0.3913 0.3902 0.3891 0.3880 0.3869 0.3858 0.3848 0.3837 0.3827 0.3816 0.3806 0.3795 0.3785 0.3775 0.3765 0.3755 0.3744 0.3734 300 kg. m.-3 0.3234 0.3224 0.3214 0.3204 0.3195 0.3185 0.3175 0.3166 0.3156 0.3147 0.3137 0.3128 0.3118 0.3109: 0.3100 0.3091 0.3082 0.3073 0.3064 0.3055 0.3046 0.3037 0.3028 0.3019 0.3011 0.3002 0.2993 0.2985 0.2976 0.2968 0.2959 0.2951 0.2943 0.2935 0.2926 0.2918 0.2910 0.2902 0.2894 0.2886 0.2878 0.2870 0.2862 0.2854 0.2847 0.2839 0.2831 0.2824 0.2816 0.2808 0.2801 200 kg. m.-3 0.2156 0.2149 0.2143 0.2136 0.2130 0.2123 0.2117 0.2110 0.2104 0.2098 0.2091 0.2085 0.2079 0.2073 0.2067 0.2060 0.2054 0.2048 0.2042 0.2036 0.2030 0.2025 0.2019 0.2013 0.2007 0.2001 0.1996 0.1990 0.1984 0.1979 0.1973 0.1967 0.1962 0.1956 0.1951 0.1945 0.1940 0.1935 0.1929 0.1924 0.1919 0.1913 0.1908 0.1903 0.1898 0.1893 0.1887 0.1882 0.1877 0.1872 0.1867 100 kg.m.3 0.1078 0.1075 0.1071 0.1068 0.1065 0.1062 0.1058 0.1055 0.1052 0.1049 0.1046 0.1043 0.1039 0.1036 0.1033 0.1030 0.1027 0.1024 0.1021 0.1018 0.1015 0.1012 0.1009 0.1006 0.1004 0.1001 0.0998 0.0995 0.0992 0.0989 0.0986 0.0984 0.0981 0.0978 0.0975 0.0973 0.0970 0.0967 0.0965 0.0962 0.0959 0.0957 0.0954 0.0951 0.0949 0.0946 0.0944 0.0941 0.0939 0.0936 0.0934 TABLE 72 295 VIRTUAL TEMPERATURE INCREMENT OF SATURATED AIR Introduction.—If both dry and moist air obeyed Dalton’s law of partial pressures and behaved as a perfect gas, the partial pressures of dry air and water vapor in the moist air could be considered to be (/— e) and e, respectively, where p is the total barometric pressure, and e is the vapor pressure. Then, according to the perfect gas law, the equa- tions of state for the two constituents could be written (p—e)v=RT (1) ev=rR.T = - RT (2) where v= volume of (1+ r) gram of moist air, or the volume of the moist air per gram of dry air, R= gas constant for dry air, R.= gas constant for water vapor, T = absolute temperature, R $ : : €= —— =-—— =ratio of molecular weight of water vapor to that of dry air, r = mixing ratio (grams of water vapor per gram of dry air). Adding equations (1) and (2), and considering that the density p of the moist air is given by p= Cr”, then on the assumption of perfect gas behavior Ge) Pe: (3) (148) * Virtual temperature.—The virtual temperature (7.) as defined by the I. M. O. Aero- logical Commission, Subcommission I, on Physical Functions and Constants (Toronto, 1947) * is given by the expression = 142 naa (4) Then Ty, is the temperature which dry air must have at the given barometric pressure p in order to have the same density as moist air at the same pressure ~, and given tempera- ture 7, and mixing ratio r, provided the dry and moist air behave in accordance with the perfect gas equation of State. Deviations from perfect gas laws.—To take account of deviations of moist air from perfect gas behavior the I. M. O. introduced the compressibility factor C, a function of pressure, temperature, and relative humidity (see Table 84), which makes the expres- sion for the actual density of moist air eee C5 rene (5) where TJ, is the virtual temperature defined by equation (4). Similarly the density of dry air (pa) is given by ere sn ON eae where Ca, a function of pressure and temperature, is the compressibility factor for dry air. Ca is equal to the value of C when the relative humidity is zero. It should be noted that in general Ca=-1. Adjusted virtual temperature.—In this volume there is introduced the quantity T’, °K., (or t» °C.), termed adjusted virtual temperature, and defined by the expression Ie = (Cie. (6) 1See also Sheppard, P. A., The physical properties of air with reference to meteorological practice and air conditioning engineer. A paper presented before the American Society of Mechanical Engineers in December 1948, Amer. Soc. Mech. Eng. Trans., vol. 71, 1949. 27, M. O. Aerological Commission, Doc. 25, Toronto, 1947. (continued) SMITHSONIAN METEOROLOGICAL TABLES 296 TABLE 72 (CONTINUED) VIRTUAL TEMPERATURE INCREMENT OF SATURATED AIR Substitution of this expression in equation (5) yields a P= par (7) Accordingly, the adjusted virtual temperature (T's) may be defined as the tempera- ture which dry air would have when, behaving as a perfect gas, it would possess the same density as the actual air at pressure p, temperature T, and mixing ratio r, the pressure being the same in both cases. For precise calculations of air density, equation (5) or equations (6) and (7) are necessary ; but for rough calculations, equation (3), which omits the compressibility factor C, will be satisfactory. In view of equations (5), (6), and (7), the differential form of the hydrostatic equation for precise calculations is, in cgs units, er: Pays | al eae dp = — pgdZ = R CK gdZ, (8) or P : 24 ee pea aa ; Rr. gdZ, (9) and 4 ep =——-—— dP; d loge p Rr d (10) since db = gdZ (11) where Z = geometric height, g = acceleration of gravity, = geopotential. Mean adjusted virtual temperature-—From equation (10), it follows that the hydro- static equation, in cgs units for precise calculations is Ga ei= IR iealoeee® (12) 2 where @; is the geopotential at pressure #1, and &, the geopotential at pressure f2, and the mean adjusted virtual temperature T'mv is defined by Da ba T'vd loge p | CT vd loge p livene = eA ie a ly = ey (13) ba bo | d loge p | d loge p p1 p1 For most meteorological calculations, the hydrostatic equation may be closely approxi- mated by bd, — 2; = RT mp loge (14) 2 where the mean virtual temperature Tm» is defined by ba T vd loge p eet Tay = ae mR (15) dlogep p1 Virtual temperature increment.—Since the definition of the relative humidity U adopted by the I. M. O. in 1947 is (see Table 93): Ui = , expressed decimally (16) (continued) SMITHSONIAN METEOROLOGICAL TABLES TABLE 72 (CONTINUED) 297 VIRTUAL TEMPERATURE INCREMENT OF SATURATED AIR where r = actual mixing ratio of the air and r. = saturation mixing ratio at the same pressure p and temperature T (see Table 73). Equation (4) may be rewritten in terms of the virtual temperature increment AT, 1 1 AT = (Te 1) =TU te (: Ee 1) (Gears 17 ( ) e 1 a Urw ( ) The saturation virtual temperature increment (T.»— T)w, corresponding to the virtual temperature increment. under saturated conditions, i.e, with U=1 (100 percent rela- tive humidity), is therefore given by a og 3 ea Wy eee (T. T)e=Tre (4 1)(;+_) (18) Making use of equation (18), equation (17) may be rewritten (Te—T) =U(Te—T)~ UA =U) (FF) (Te 9) where U is expressed decimally. Table 72 contains values of (T,) —7)w as a function of pressure and temperature. Comparing the two terms of the right-hand member of equation (19) it will be seen that the first term is the dominant one and that the second term does not contribute more than 0.1 °C. to (Ts — T) so long as (Ts — T) w does not exceed 8 °C. The second term may therefore be ignored in rough calculations, so that (T. — T) =U(T» — T) w, approximately (20) where U is expressed decimally, or Cie Tt) Bye a approximately (21) where U is expressed in percent. (continued) SMITHSONIAN METEOROLOGICAL TABLES 298 TABLE 72 (CONTINUED) VIRTUAL TEMPERATURE INCREMENT OF SATURATED AIR RemwerM FGG 1050" L000 °C. ec. ty OS —40 0.02 0.02 0.02 —30 02 02t«<«i —38 02 «02—~Cté«C2 —37 02 402 ~« 02 —36 2 432 03-—ts« 103 —35 0.03 0.03 0.03 —34 03 4.03 ~=—«08 —33 ogh) cag el tio 3 OG EDN. > 04 31 04 4 04 104 30 0.04 0.04 0.05 —29 050. sO un 05 —28 Cw NESE OS 37 (So Weaimornkis —26 07 «07—ts«C07 25 0.07 0.07 0.08 —24 08 08 09 —23 09 09 +~©—-.09 22 oo) 10 © 10 — 1 Oueae tibet 20 0.11 012 0.12 —j9 Hens 4s —18 al dd acls 17 sy tS ole iG saps Fares Te 0.17 018 0.19 ae OMe 2Uiah uel 13 Ot oe. 93 —12 2223s 8 ain BA as on —10 026 027 0.29 Bye 2 30 ~~ 31 a. Aigo 3h iy 33. 35—Cts 137 eG 36) ae 0 a is 0.39 041 0.43 ai "pn ong baa wal wee, 46 48 50 = HORI M59) dale 54 ine Sal Sea) NES 0 058 0.60 0.64 1 62) GEE es 2 67 70.74 3 72 #876 ~— 79 4 78 81S 5 0.84 088 0,92 6 94 99 7 97 102 107 8 104 100 ~=«115 9 112 «117——«123 10 120 126 1.32 SMITHSONIAN METEOROLOGICAL TABLES Pressure—millibars 950 900 850 “C; es Wee 0.02 0.02 0.02 02 02 02 02 02 .03 03 03 03 03 .03 .03 0.03 0.03 0.03 03 04 .04 04 .04 .04 .04 .04 05 05 05 05 0.05 0.05 0.06 05 .06 .06 .06 .06 07 07 07 .08 .07 .08 .08 0.08 0.09 0.09 .09 .10 10 .10 10 11 allil ll 12 12 al'2 a3 0.13 0.13 0.14 14 15 16 5 16 AY/ Iz 18 19 19 .20 HA 0.20 0.21 0.23 22 23 25 24 25 LAL .26 P27, 29 28 30 soll 0.30 0.32 0.34 33 34 237 235 137, 40 38 40 43 42 44 46 0.45 0.48 0.50 49 =I 55 53 56 59 57 .60 64 62 65 69 0.67 0.70 0.75 72 76 .80 78 82 87 84 88 93 .90 95 1.01 0.97 1.02 1.08 1.04 1.10 / 12 1.18 1.25 Al 1.27 ESS 1.30 1.37 1.45 1.40 1.47 1.56 (continued) TABLE 72 (CONTINUED) 299 VIRTUAL TEMPERATURE INCREMENT OF SATURATED AIR Pressure—millibars = Te? ere 1160-1050 1000" 950" 00. 850. 800. 78000 OG es On °C: 2G! °C: en °c: | Os °C; *C; °c: 10 (an ie, oe) 40 eee iG 16Gn, 19760) Woo, 208 11 oon 35 a acne se” ner 198 Bream 2003/8 To40 12 (oe) 14s’ Se fie (16G- 199 180 4203 218". 236 13 Wage 155) tee 17s ee ee ow. Pag) 2aR4 oR) 14 150s) Wee «se ea lew me, DO’ | 2133. ap k aE 15 1700 | 178. 187 197. DOR 2900 DSA DEO 9168.4.) 286 16 1524) ow 2p) Dae! Dog oe. ait DER" | 21897 Zino 17 105) 20a) «(25h 6 20RF 2GoF 62SS) ee! a7? 307 a3 18 20G-, 2G) 230 DA oes) 2p, 6am Igy 3'20) aig 19 293 23% Dag 256: 273) Zeer 307 328) 352 7.370 20 Oe 2k 262) 1276 207) VS 8Re 3300. SIs BigGuny digs 21 De 267" Dag Boy” 3a” 330° 365i saa" aloo /! 433 22 Die 28a 260\ sibe | gag sige? 37a? 300. 4.29 2. 462 23 Pom 30328 310) 33g 2Sh) 395. 300) 426° “459. °2"403 24 Roy 1329) 340e Sige $37e0' aon 46: asa alee Je 526 25 BGs AG) 3162.1) GIL) CAS eA za Ad n AOS) Wo EOE eke eT 26 SG seme sane ag gory agar aca’ Gia eee eh egg a7 Gye som Asin a3. aise | ager Gites BGG BOF 406.37 28 giggh 40g AGRE 4Ge. eee 6 Say? | SOD 57 6.30. SB 70 29 Agk Aaa AGT) Ao | S19e S50) | S85 6.25 | G71 207.23 30 Alsi se 407 52300) S55 iuk NS San G acm 165s Wz laee GO 31 Agee Sige’ S2ee" -Sisan Sage" GORr” ober 7.08e 7.50: wi 810 32 B00) Soa 656i, SOler Gos, “66e 7.0 752 S07 ul S71 33 Bam | S67 SG6. 628 66% 704" 748 800° Sse. 01 026 34 Geer G02e 663° Gon 70s. 74 795° 850" O42 A, -o.84 35 610, 639. Cann 7.09.8 TAQun 70 BAS » O02 9160) eos 36 Gaye” 678” 714." F520 Foe Sa” So7" 95% 10.20 . ALA 37 6a 720. L757. FOR «SA Some. OG2° 1017, 10.02 PAIzS 38 GIR ea OSs Baz Siose | Gab 10:10" 10.88) 11:50. eeto5e 39 775 S10) 852) 808) G45) 1007 1072" 1145) 1230 )a320 40 2104. 859.) 903... 952. (10:06). 10:68. 4 IESG. « 12:15. 0 13.08 MAIO 4] 868 910 957 1009 10.66 11.31 1204 1288 1384 1495 42 QiG! OG 1014) 10.69" 11.30) WO0 1276: 1366: 1467 » 1586 60 24604). 25:92) 9 27.32 4 @28.0hw ue S0:625 32.09 (continued) SMITHSONIAN METEOROLOGICAL TABLES 300 TABLE 72 (CONTINUED) VIRTUAL TEMPERATURE INCREMENT OF SATURATED AIR emperesty G50 TnL GOO™ ie c0 6; <1 OF KX @ LT @ —40 0.03 0.03 0.03 —39 GY 03° 03 —38 a Gi) eae 37 Oe Oa oy C4 —36 Ge”! kOe Oos —35 0.05 0.05 0.05 34 (gga) lee 06 —33 06 06 106 32 ee 07 07 —31 wv” 07" 08 —30 0.07 0.08 0.08 —29 Oe 00" 09 —28 (Oe ie 37 Sires ee 26 a” eG 25 0.12 013 0.14 ay ae tah te 33 Oe cree (ty 2? Hevl Gis Wie 31 47° 30° | 730 —20 0.18 020 0.22 —19 202» 222St«C Big Zo Ge -17 Pate 26k BR a6 5) OBNW a fis 0.29 031 0.34 ay 31. «347 —13 aueenieage eA) —12 Behl aah ya ai ApS) cage ae —10 0.44 048 0.52 Sis died o0 nal REE my er hee Ewer ay BG Lateline ues eG épeel agg 78 “5 0.66 O71 078 en eee kay ary arn gas 64 Ze a4! 60 any 90 98 107 0 98 106° 1.15 1 105 «4114124 2 113 123-134 3 122 132 144 4 132 143 «156 5 142 153 167 6 153 165 1°80 7 164 178 «104 8 177, 191 +209 9 190 206 225 10 204 221 242 SMITHSONIAN METEOROLOGICAL TABLES Pressure—millibars 500 450 “ey °C: 0.03 0.04 04 04 04 05 05 05 05 .06 0.06 0.07 06 .07 .07 .08 08 09 .09 10 0.09 0.10 10 2 Al 13 als} 14 14 16 0.16 0.17 il? 19 19 21 .20 25 He 25 0.24 0.27 27 .29 29 32 OL 35 235 38 0.38 0.41 42 45 45 .49 49 54 53 59 0.57 0.64 62 69 67 75 3 81 79 88 0.85 0.95 93 1.03 1.00 1.12 1.09 1.21 1.17 1.31 1.27 1.41 1637 GY 1.47 1.64 1.59 L777 1.71 1.90 1.84 2.05 1.99 2.21 2.14 2.38 2.30 2.56 2.47 2.75 2.66 2.96 (continued) 400 TABLE 72 (CONCLUDED) 301 VIRTUAL TEMPERATURE INCREMENT OF SATURATED AIR Pressure—millibars ie 650) "00 S50" S00" Maso’ e400" S50. «300 =| 250200 Cc. °C °C °C °C SG SC it 6 °C °C °C 10 Zoe" Dah Vio! tiga gen’ Mess Valen “ade 536 6.73 11 Bo Mige7 Wroiso gies! baiiey hsiceh Waiig Maze bam. 72d 12 2135 j254 278, ge. ear see Naa RS aio | 7.77 13 Bei aaa aoe) tage)? Uses aay Mgr sist (664. ed 14 DES 2292 . 1310). 63'52 2362... AAT WS OSH BESET ww 2 wlg9s 15 ars TR iy OO SC CMMI Tf OM UO ke MOREL ORY UT iF SORRY 7 WO | 16 3109» 335" 1966 404” -4i50"7 S06 5:80" 679" (8:18'.10.30 17 BIRT NU TRICO in SIO) 1, AISI vy HAW US ADEM NOIUMN EEO ZUNN 77” SOS 18 BSA. BiSdis ATO AGDe dA LS ey 1.) SOA hcGOS wie Z7gueN O39 oellLS3 19 3701) Ally oe A4Ba, 4A OBr. CESS HO Qty i7. 11s AS SanredOOS: (lez 20 A105 oatdOrs 4B, 152005 058On WO G4ensn 76h athe O20re 0.76 413.57 21 435s ALGO AY 543s A565) 2Oe a 700) 9 41S 22 age” Sor. “S48 4603! 672 ASR 86D 23 4193) pei 5 35k 05. B5i oe nO4s ph ZZ een OO th9Z9 24 526i s PST ays O24 as OB7h tnt OemaBOts 0.02 25 SiGli-+ KW. (6165) 07iS3s0 1 CS Zeanny 92201 1050 26 5.08. 4 5649: >. 709-6 7/82 br 872 ws ORS TE20 27 637: "692 756 "834" YOR ” 10140" 12°05 28 679: 6737s B06 S880 9:90. 1018s. TASS 29 723.0 785: 6858 4G 6 10S5e4 11 OP 13.70 30 PAO) O36.» G4. AOS ak 1124 127 14160 31 819. 18.89": 0172). 10:73... 11.96 32 S7l 046 “1034 “Tat “12.73 33 9.26) F005) » 1100. 91214 nil 3'55 34 984 10.68 11.69 1291 14.4] 41 14.95 42 15.86 43 16.81 44 17.82 45 18.89 46 20.00 47 21.18 48 22.42 49 2a73 50 25.10 SMITHSONIAN METEOROLOGICAL TABLES 302 TABLE 73 SATURATION MIXING RATIO OVER WATER to = 0.62197 few x 1 b — fulw Yo = saturation mixing ratio over water, €w = saturation vapor pressure over water in the pure phase, mb., 0° g./kg. = correction factor for the departure of the mixture of air and water vapor from ideal gas laws (see Table 89), p = total pressure, mb. (Note.—1 g./kg. = 10° g./g.) Tempera- ture nC: —50 —49 —48 —47 —46 —45 —44 —43 a 47 —40 39 a 37, —36 —35 —34 a3 ap —31 —30 —29 —28 —27 —26 255 —24 ry: = a —20 —19 —18 —17 —16 —15 —14 —13 —12 —11 1050 g./kg. 1000 g./kg. 950 g./kg. Pressure—millibars 900 850 g./kg. g./kg. 800 g./kg. 750 g./kg. 700 g./kg. 600 g./keg. 500 g./ke. 0.03789 0.03977 0.04185 0.04416 0.04674 0.04966 0.05295 0.05672 0.06613 0.07931 04246 .04457 .04691 04950 .05239 .05566 .05935 .06357 .07412 .08890 04753 .04989 .05250 .05540 .05865 .06230 .06643 .07116 .08297 .09951 05315 .05579 .05871 05936 .06231 06196 .06558 .06967 .07429 .07957 .09278 06557 .06920 .07325 .07781 08297 .08887 1036 0.06621 0.06950 0.07314 0.07718 0.08169 0.08678 0.09255 0.09912 0.1156 07383. .07750 .08157 .08607 .09111 08217 .08625 .09078 .09579 .1014 09141 .09595 .1010 .1066 .1128 SLOTS 106622 el S4 e253 0.1127 0.1183 0.1245 .01314 0.1390 SL Z5OR Hal SI Ze SON S145 7 1 542 M3845) 1453,07,1529 1614.) 1708 1532, G08 *.1692" 21786," 1890 69S 1777 LS7IS 19745 2090 0.1870 0.1963 0.2066 0.2180 0.2308 2063! 21667) 2279" 2405" "2546 2275) 2388, 2513 . .2652,, 2808 ZoUoen | 2OS0) 4 32708n Loe lee US 210%a4 2094. 3046) | 2321'500 45405 0.3031 0.3182 0.3349 0.3534 0.3742 23900 .0495 3679 ~=-.3883'” All0 3655 .3837 .4037 4261 «4511 A008 .4207 4428 .4673 .4947 4392 .4610 .4852 5121 .5421 0.4808 0.5048 0.5312 0.5607 0.5936 252600) .5522 581) .6133° 6493 5750). 60374. .6353) 6705-7098 6280) (6593. 6939) 7323" | 7753 685455, :7195) 7572. .7992" 8461 0.7474 0.7847 0.8258 0.8716 0.9227 8145 = .8551 = .8999 9498 1.006 8868 .9310 .9799 1.034 1.095 96500 L013, 91.066 1125 119! 1.049 1.102 1.159 1.224 1.295 1.140 1.197 3.260 1.330 1.408 238) 1.300) 1.368)" 1.4447 1:529 1.343 1.410 1.484 1.566 1.658 1.456 1.529 1.609 1.698 1.798 1.578 1.656 1.744 1.840 1.949 (continued) SMITHSONIAN METEOROLOGICAL TABLES .09679 1032 1149 1278 1419 0.1575 1747 1935 2141 2367 0.2614 .2884 3180 3503 3855 0.4238 4656 9110 5604 6141 0.6724 7356 8042 8783 .9586 1.045 1.139 1.241 1.350 1.468 1.595 i732 1.879 2.038 2.208 1106 1230 1369 1520 0.1687 1871 .2073 2294 .2936 0.2801 .3090 3407 33792 .4130 0.4540 4988 5475 .6004 6579 0.7204 7881 8615 .9409 1.027 1.120 1.221 1.329 1.446 1.573 1.709 1.856 2.014 2.183 2.366 1289 1435 1596 1773 0.1967 2181 2417 .2675 2957 0.3266 3603 3973 4376 4816 0.5295 5817 1113 1243 0.1386 1546 1721 1914 2126 0.2360 .2617 .2899 3208 3547 0.3918 4322 4765 9249 777 0.6352 6978 7659 8400 .9206 1.008 TABLE 73 (CONTINUED) 303 SATURATION MIXING RATIO OVER WATER Pressure—millibars MTempera- Gers ture 1050 =: 1000 950 900 850 800 750 700 600 500 “G g./kg. g./kg. g./kg. g./kg. g./kg. g./kg. g./kg. g./kg. g./kg. g./kg. —10 L7OSE e794 eS Sane O9 Sem ee lcl Ope 2-242 239i) 256252990) 5 23°590 —9 1ES4 OT BLO AIF 2104S e215 Zamee 2S Sm -420nm =e OCC BAA 7oa mn rG.2G0) | 1o:eG0 — 8 1.999 2.099 2209 2.332 2.469 2.624 2.799 2999 3.500 4.203 —7 ZNGONI NZ: 268) We SOOM ee Oe lure: OOONN e2-G30IN FolOZ De) 13.2420) 83.7040 142544 — 6 2233S E Ae / Ol 2-/ CAI RZ COONS OOS eS22070)) 6-50 Li 408700 54.909 —5 BSS) W264 278400 2.93911 298 93.306) 2 635278) 832780) 94412) 53300 — 4 PAG OSS SAVORY SEAN SSRIS SRG PEO CYNE Cl SEA) — 3 2.928)) 13.075 W93:237 93241749 13.619) 83.845)© 74.103; 4.397. °5.134 76.168 —2 3.155 3.313 3.488 3.682 3.899 4.144 4.421 4.738 5.533 6.648 —1 35397 oO, PS5/ 50S O65) eal SO AA G2ae 54576 le 25110300 0 5:959 7-162 3.656 3.839 4.042 4267 4.519 4802 5.124 5.492 6.415 7.710 3:932. | 94:129° 9 45347 7 845590 964.8619 351660) po.012. | 5:909)) 46.901 | 48.297 4226 4.439 4.673 4.934 5.225 5.554 5.926 6.353 7.421 8.923 4540 4.769) S021" 5 o:30L 75,6149 65967 6 (6368 » 16:827 « 47.976. 79.591 4.875 5.120 5.391 5.692 6029 6408 6839 7.332 8.567 10.30 0 1 2 3 4 5 5.232 5.495 5.786 6.109 6471 6.878 7.341 7.870 9.198 11.07 6 5.612 5894 6.206 6.553 6942 7.379 7.876 8444 9.870 11.88 7 6.016 6.319 6.654 7.026 7.443 7.912 8445 9.055 10.59 12.74 8 6.446 6771 7.130 7.529 7.976 8480 9.052 9.706 11.35 13.66 9 6.903 7.251 7.636 8.064 8.544 9.084 9696 1040 12.16 14.65 10 7.389 7.762 8.174 8.633 9.146 9.725 10.38 11.13 13.02 15.69 11 7.905 8305 8.746 9.238 9.788 10.41 11.11 11.92 13.94 16.80 12 S454 1802) 9.9948 59880 21047 oh Wiel 33) 89 92.75 14.92; 17199 13 D0 36ir§ 97494) 10:008 10:56, SL119 ) 90) 12.71 13:64... 15:96. \ 19.25 14 DOS4 OAS o N0684 12904 oT LOG5 C1272) hd 3.59), 14:58 ..-17.07 20/59 15 LOSE O83 VARs 12:06" 12:78) 135980 14:51 15.575) ,.18.24 22:01 16 POP 1156). W218). 12:87) 15.64) 9 14'51 | 515.50" 2, 16.63 719.49. (23.52 17 P74 y012:340. 13,00, 13:74. 9 14:56 1549 16.55, 17.76..° 20.81 2513 18 T2352 PlSAG' 9131877) 1465" P1555 AGS 17:60 18:95" 22.22, 26:84 19 1S:35 0014-05 = 04:79) 9) 15:62 Wy 16.56." 47.63) 9 «18.83, > ,20:22..-23.71. 28.66 20 1423501495 1576. 16.65) 17.66 18:79 » 20:08. 21.56... 25.29 3059 21 PS apt 5.93. 91679" 175745 918.82 62003 = 521.40); 2298) 26:97 32/64 22 16.14 1696 17.88 1890 20.04 21.33 22.81 2449 28.75 34.81 23 WAS, 2806" 191037 = 20127) w 21345, 22.72" 24:29" 26:09" 30:64) 37.13 24 ESi280 9 19-210 20265 121-425) 22.72. 6 24.19 25:86 027.79., 32.65 39:58 25 19:44, 20:44. 21.55, 22:79 24:17 © 25:74 27.53 29:59. .34.78 42.19 26 20.67 Zl 3e 22.925 24.23 25.71 © 27.39. 29:29. 31:49" 37.03). 44:96 27 21976 23:10 20 924.365 (2977 427-34 2913 4. '31.16 33.50... 39.43 47.90 28 25.04) “24:55 © 25:89" 27.39! 29.07 3097 33:14" 35.63 41:96" “5102 29 24.79 26.08 27.51 29.10 30.89 32.92 35.24 37.90 44.65 54.34 30 26.32 27.69 29.22 30.92 32.82 34.98 37.45 40.29 47.50 57.86 31 27.94 29.40 31.02 32.83 34.86 37.16 39.80 42.83 50.53 61.61 32 29.65; 31.21. 32.93 34.86. 37.02 39.48 42.28 45.51 53.74 65.59 33 31.46 33.11 34.95 37.00 39.31 41.92 44.91 48.36 57.14 69.82 34 33:37) 9° 35.13» (37.08) ; 39.27 , 41:72 4451 47.70 »51.37...60.75 74.32 35 35.38 37.25 39.33 41.66 44.27 47.24 50.64 5456 64.58 79.10 36 37.51 39.50 41.71 44.19 4697 50.13 53.76 57.94 68.64 984.19 37 39.76 41.87 44.23 4686 49.83 53.20 57.06 61.53 72.96 89.62 38 42.12 4438 4688 49.68 5284 5643 60.56 65.32 77.54 95.38 39 44.63 47.02 49.69 52.67 56.04 59.87 6426 69.35 82.41 101.5 (continued) SMITHSONIAN METEOROLOGICAL TABLES 304 Tempera- ture Tempera- ture mG. —50 —49 —48 ay —46 —45 —44 —43 —42 an —40 229 —38 eo 37 —36 —35 —34 —33 —32 —31 —30 —29 —28 —27 —26 95 —24 —23 = =i TABLE 73 (CONTINUED) SATURATION MIXING RATIO OVER WATER Pressure—millibars eee ee 1000 950 900 850 800 750 700 1050 g./ke. g/kg. g./kg. g./ke. g./kg. g./kg. g./kg. g./kg. 47.27, 49 SI 521650 55.83) 59410 16349 Ni 68:18) 175.61 50:05) | 15276) 55:78) S916 62:98" * 67.33. 72.65 78.13 53.00 55.88 59.10 62.70 66.77 71.40 76.74 82.94 56.10) 59:18) 62.59) 466.43-)-70:76) 75:7 81-415. 88:03 59.39 62.65 66.30 70.38 75.00 80.28 86.36 93.44 62.86 66.33 70.20 74.55 79.48 85.11 91.61 99.18 66.52) 70:21" -74.33-78.97 84:22 °.90:23.."97.17. 105.3 70.39 74.33 78.71 83.66 89.26 95.68 103.1 111.8 74.48 78.66 83.34 8861 94.59 101.4 109.4 118.7 78.79 83.25 88.24 93.86 1003 107.6 116.1 126.0 83.37 88.12 93.43 99.43 88.19 93.25 98.91 105.3 93.30 98.69 104.7 111.6 98.72 104.5 1109 118.2 LOS 41106 11725 125.3 DIOS L701 2414 32:8 116.9 123.9 131.8 140.7 123°7o 1312 e396 149:2 131.0 138.9 148.0 158.2 138.6 147.2 1568 167.9 Pressure—millibars 400 350 300 250 200 175 150) 2125 100 80 60 g./kg. g./kg. g./kg. g./kg. g./kg. g./kg. g./kg. g./kg. g./kg. g./kg. g./kg. 0.09909 0.1132 0.1320 0.1584 0.1980 0.2262 0.2639 0.3167 0.3958 0.4948 0.6598 LT 12691480) 1776; 2219) ©2535 2958. 23550) 24437 925546) 6 17397, 1243 1420 .1657 .1988 .2484 .2839 .3312 .3974 .4967 .6210 .8281 1390 .1589 .1853 .2223 .2778 .3174 .3703 .4444 .5555 .6945 .9262 1553. 1774 «.2070 ~=.2483 «=.3103 3546 ~.4137 .4964 .6205 .7758 1.035 0.1732 0.1979 0.2308 0.2770 0.3461 0.3955 0.4614 0.5537 0.6922 0.8654 1.154 1931 .2207 .2574 .3088 .3860 .4411 .5146 .6176 .7720 .9652 1.288 2150 .2457. .2865 .3437 .4296 .4910 .5728 .6874 .8594 1.075 1.433 2391 .2733 .3187 .3824 .4779 .5462 .6372 .7648 .9561 1.196 1.595 2656 =.3036- —.3541 +4248) «=.5310 ~.6068 .7079 .8496 1.062 1.328 1.772 0.2948 0.3369 0.3930 0.4715 0.5893 0.6735 0.7857 0.9430 1.179 1.474 1.967 3270 ~=—-.3736-—S («4358 =.5229 «66535 «.7469_—=—£8714 1.046 1.308 1.635 2.182 3622 .4139 .4828 .5793 .7241 .8275 .9655 1.159 1.449 1.812 2.418 4009 .4581 .5344 .6412 .8014 .9160 1.069 1.283 1.604 2.006 2.678 4432 .5064 .5908 .7089 .8860 1.013 1.182 1.418 1.774 2.219 2.961 0.4896 0.5594 0.6526 0.7830 0.9788 1.119 1.305 1.567 1.960 2.451 3.272 5401 .6172 .7199 .8639 1.080 1.234 1.440 1.729 2.163 2.705 3.612 5955 .6805 .7938 .9526 1.191 1.361 1.588 1.907 2.385 2.984 3.985 6559 .7495 .8744 1.049 1.312 1.500 1.750 2.101 2.628 3.288 4.392 7220 ~=—-.8250 =—.9625 1.155 1.444 1.651 1.926 2.313 2.894 3.621 4.837 0.7938 0.9071 1.058 1.270 1.588 1.815 2.119 2.544 3.183 3.983 5.322 8721 .9966 1.163 1.396 1.745 1.995 2.328 2.795 3.498 4.378 5.850 9573 1.094 1.276 1.532 1.916 2.190 2.556 3.069 3.841 4.808 6.427 1.050 1.200 1.400 1.680 2.101 2.402 2.804 3.368 4.215 5.277 7.055 UST STS) S34" 1.842) °2:803) 92633" 31074" *3:692) 46218 85.787 9 72739 1.260 1.440 1.680 2.017 2.523 2.884 3.367 4.044 5.063 6.341 8.483 1.378 1.575 1.838 2.207 2.760 3.156 3.685 4.426 5.542 6.943 9.291 1.507 1.722 2.010 2.413 3.019 3.452 4.030 4.842 6.064 7.597 10.17 1.646 1.882 2.196 2.636 3.298 3.772 4.404 5.292 6.628 8.306 11.12 1.797 2.054 2.397 2.878 3.601 4.118 4.809 5.779 7.240 9.076 12.16 (continued) SMITHSONIAN METEOROLOGICAL TABLES TABLE 73 (CONCLUDED) 305 SATURATION MIXING RATIO OVER WATER Pressure—amillibars ‘a —O See sa 400" 350000300 250) 200 175) i150 125°)100 80. 60 cc g./kg. g./kg. g./kg. g./kg. g./kg. g./kg. g./kg. g./kg. g./kg. g./kg. g./kg. —20 1.960 2.240 2.615 3.140 3.929 4.494 5.248 6.307 7.903 9.910 13.28 —19 2.136 2.442 2.850 3.423 4.283 4.900 5.722 6.879 8.622 10.81 14.50 —18 2.327 2.660 3.104 3.728 4.666 5.338 6.236 7.497 9.399 11.79 15.82 —1/ 2.532 2.895 3.379 4.058 5.080 5.812 6.790 8.165 10.24 12.85 17.25 —16 2.754 3.148 3.675 4.415 5.527 6.324 7.389 8.887 11.15 14.00 18.80 —15 2.993 3.422 3.995 4.799 6.009 6.877 8.036 9.667 12.13 15.24 20.48 —14 3.251 3.717 4.340 5.214 6.529 7.473 8.735 10.51% 13.19 16.58 22.30 —13 3.528 4.034 4.710 5.660 7.089 8.115 9.487 11.42 14.34 18.02 24.26 —1Z 3.826 4.376 5.110 6.141 7.693 8.807 10.30 1240 15.57 19.59 26.39 —T1 4.147 4.743 5.539 6.658 8.343 9.552 11.17 13.45 16.91 21.27 28.69 —10 4.492 5.138 6.001 7.214 9.042 10.35 12.11 14.59 18.34 23.10 31.18 —'9 4.863 5.562 6.498 7.812 9.794 11.22 13.12 15.81 19.89 25.06 33.87 — 8 5.261 6018 7.031 8.455 10.60 12.15 14.21 17.13 21.56 27.19 36.78 —7 5.688 6.507 7.603 9.145 11.47 13.14 15.39 18.55 23.36 29.48 39.93 — 6 6.146 7.032 8.218 9.885 12.40 14.21 16.64 20.08 25.30 31.95 43.33 —5 6.637 7.594 8.876 10.68 13.40 15.37 18.00 21.72 27.39 3461 47.02 — 4 7.163 8.198 9.584 11.53 14.48 16.60 19.46 23.49 29.64 37.49 51.01 —3 7.726 8.844 10.34 12.45 15.63 17.93 21.02 25.39 32.06 40.60 55.32 —2 8.329 9.535 11.15 13.43 16.87 19.35 22.69 27.43 34.67 43.94 60.00 —1 8.974 10.28 12.02 14.48 18.20 20.88 24.50 29.62 37.47 47.55 65.05 9.664 11.07 12.95 15.60 19.62 22.52 26.43 31.98 40.49 51.45 70.54 10.40 11.91 13.94 16.80 21.14 24.27 28.50 11.19 12.82 15.00 18.09 22.77 26.16 30.73 12.03 13.79 16.14 19.47 24.52 28.18 33.12 12.93 14.82 17.35 20.94 26.39 30.34 35.68 0 1 2 3 4 5 13.89 15.92 18.65 22.51 28.39 32.66 38.43 6 14.91 17.10 20.04 24.19 30.53 35.14 41.38 Z, 16.00 18.35 21.51 25.99 32.82 37.80 44.54 8 17.17 19.70 23.10 27.92 35.28 40.65 47.94 9 18.41 21.12 24.78 29.97 37.91 43.70 51.58 SMITHSONIAN METEOROLOGICAL TABLES 306 TABLE 74 SATURATION MIXING RATIO OVER ICE n= 0.62197fies x 10° g./kg. p— fies r= saturation mixing ratio over ice, e; = saturation vapor pressure over ice in the pure phase, mb., fs = correction factor for the departure of the mixture of air and water vapor from ideal gas laws (see Table 90), p = total pressure, mb. (Note.—1 g./kg. = 10> g./g.) Pressure—millibars 2 (‘SS ESE Tepes 1000 850 700 500 300 °C: g./kg. g./kg. g./kg. g./kg. g./kg. —89 0.0002411 —8g 0002886 —87 0003446 —86 0004110 —85 0.0004891 —84 0005811 —83 0006892 —=22 .0008157 = 91 0009639 —80 0.001137 —79 0.0004040 0.0004747 0.0005758 0.0008048 001339 —78 0004750 0005582 .0006770 0009462 001575 77 0005576 0006552 0007946 001110 .001848 —76 0006532 .0007675 .0009309 .001301 002165 =—=75 0.0007646 0.0008986 0.001090 0.001524 0.002535 74 .0008930 .001050 .001273 .001780 002961 =—73 001042 001224 001485 002075 003454 = 72 001213 001426 001729 002417 004023 =v 001411 001658 002011 002811 004679 =i 0.001639 0.001926 0.002336 0.003265 0.005434 —69 001900 002233 002707 .003786 .006300 —68 .002200 002585 003136 004382 007295 = 67, 002543 .002989 003625 005068 008435 —66 002936 003451 004185 005852 009739 —65 0.003386 0.003979 0.004826 0.006749 0.01123 —64 .003899 004581 005558 .007770 01294 —63 004483 005269 006392 008936 01487 —62 005149 006051 007341 .01026 01708 Gil 005905 006941 008420 01177 01960 —60 0.006761 0.007947 0.009640 0.01347 0.02243 —59 007738 .009094 01103 01543 02568 ——58 008845 01040 01262 01764 02936 = 57 01009 01186 01438 02011 03348 —56 01150 01352 01640 02293 03818 —55 0.01309 0.01539 0.01867 0.02611 0.04346 —54 01489 01751 02124 02970 04944 253 01691 01988 02412 03373 05616 a5? 01920 02256 02737 03827 06370 —51 02175 02557 03102 04337 07220 (continued) SMITHSONIAN METEOROLOGICAL TABLES Tempera- ture 1000 g./kg. 0.02463 .02784 .03144 03548 .04000 .04503 .05066 05691 06387 .07162 0.08026 08982 500 g./kg. 0.04910 05552 .06272 .07075 .07977 0.08981 TABLE 74 (CONCLUDED) SATURATION MIXING RATIO OVER ICE Pressure—millibars 850 700 g./kg. g./kg. 0.02895 0.03512 .03273 .03970 .03696 04484 .04171 .05060 .04701 .05704 0.05293 0.06422 05954 .07224 .06690 .08117 .07508 .09109 .08418 1022 0.09434 0.1144 1056 1281 .1180 1432 .1319 1600 1472 1786 0.1642 0.1993 .1829 .2220 .2036 .2470 .2264 .2747 2515 .3052 0.2792 0.3388 3098 3759 3433 .4166 3801 4613 .4206 5105 0.4650 0.5643 5136 6235 .5670 .6881 6253 7589 .6892 8365 0.7592 0.9214 8350 1.013 9182 1.115 1.009 1E225 1.108 1.346 1.216 1.476 1.333 1.618 1.461 1.774 1.599 1.942 1.750 225 1.913 2.324 2.091 2.539 2.283 2.773 2.492 3.027 2.719 3.303 2.963 3.599 3.228 3.922 3.513 4.270 3.822 4.646 4.158 5.053 4.518 5.492 SMITHSONIAN METEOROLOGICAL TABLES 307 308 TABLE 75 POTENTIAL TEMPERATURE The potential temperature of dry air is the temperature acquired by the air when brought adiabatically to a standard pressure of 1000 mb. where: R= gas constant for dry air, o=T( 6 = potential temperature (°K.), T = temperature of the air (°K.), p= pressure (mb.), p ao Cp = specific heat of dry air at constant pressure. R/ 6 has been computed using the values of () Tempera- ture °C. —89 —88 —87 —86 —85 —84 —83 —82 —8l —80 —79 —78 —77 —76 =75 aK 73 rp ail —70 —69 —68 —67 —66 —65 —64 —63 —62 —61 1050 hs 191.5 192.5 193.4 194.4 195.4 196.4 197.4 198.4 199.4 200.3 201.3 202.3 203.3 204.3 205.3 206.3 207.3 208.2 209.2 950 °K. 900 °K. 200.1 201.1 202.2 203.2 204.2 205.3 206.3 207.3 208.3 209.4 210.4 211.4 2125 213.5 214.5 215.6 216.6 217.6 218.7 850 eS SMITHSONIAN METEOROLOGICAL TABLES Pressure—millibars 800 °K 206.9 208.0 209.1 210.1 211.2 212.3 213.3 214.4 215.5 216.5 217.6 218.7 219.7 220.8 221.9 222.9 224.0 2201 226.1 (continued) 750 "Ke 210.8 211.9 213.0 214.1 215.1 216.2 217.3 218.4 219;5 220.6 PANGS 222h 223.8 224.9 226.0 22751 228.2 229.3 230.3 700 ok 215.0 216.1 217.2 218.3 219.4 220.5 221.6 222.1 223.9 225.0 226.1 227.2 228.3 229.4 230.5 231.6 232.7 233.8 234.9 600 Ta 500 °K. 236.7 237.9 239.1 240.3 241.6 242.8 244.0 245.2 246.4 247.7 248.9 250.1 251.3 252.9 253.7 255.0 256.2 257.4 258.6 i given in Table 77, where R/cp = 2/7. . TABLE 75 (CONTINUED) 309 POTENTIAL TEMPERATURE Pressure—millibars Tempera- OOo Se ture 250 200 90175) 2150 HONITZ5 HOT ABO 60 50 40 30 20 nl GZ “KS °K “Ke oe ne °K. oe WS TES SUS TUS AS —109 316.9 337.8 366.8 386.4 411.8 447.1 502.0 —108 318.9 339.9 369.0 388.7 414.3 449.8 505.0 —107 320.8 341.9 371.2 391.1 416.8 452.5 508.1 —106 322.7 344.0 373.5 393.4 419.3 455.2 511.2 —105 324.7 346.0 375.7 395.8 421.8 458.0 514.2 —104 326.6 348.1 377.9 398.1 4243 460.7 517.3 —103 328.5 350.2 380.2 400.5 4268 463.4 520.3 —102 330.5 352.2 382.4 402.8 429.4 466.1 523.4 —101 332.4 354.3 384.6 405.2 431.9 468.9 526.4 —100 334.3 356.3 386.9 407.5 434.4 471.6 529.5 — 99 275.8 286.6 299.5 315.5 336.3 3584 389.1 409.9 436.9 474.3 532.6 — 98 277.4 288.2 301.2 317.3 338.2 360.4 391.3 412.2 439.4 477.0 535.6 — 97 279.0 289.9 302.9 319.1 340.1 362.5 293.6 414.6 441.9 479.8 538.7 — %6 280.6 291.5 304.6 320.9 342.0 364.6 395.8 416.9 444.4 482.5 541.7 — 95 282.2 293.1 306.3 322.7 344.0 366.6 398.0 419.3 446.9 485.2 5448 — 94 283.8 294.8 308.1 324.5 345.9 368.7 400.3 421.7 449.4 487.9 547.9 — 93 285.3 296.4 309.8 326.3 347.8 370.7 402.5 424.0 451.9 490.6 550.9 — 92 286.9 298.1 311.5 3282 349.8 372.8 408.7 426.4 454.4 493.4 554.0 — 91 288.5 299.7 313.2 330.0 351.7 374.8 407.0 428.7 456.9 496.1 557.0 — 90 290.1 301.4 314.9 331.8 353.6 376.9 409.2 431.1 459.5 4988 560.1 (continued) SMITHSONIAN METEOROLOGICAL TABLES 310 Tempera- ture TABLE 75 (CONTINUED) POTENTIAL TEMPERATURE 900 Ts 219.7 220.7 221.7 222.8 223.8 224.8 225.9 226.9 227.9 229.0 230.0 231.0 232.0 233,1 234.1 235-1 236.2 237.2 238.2 239.3 240.3 241.3 242.4 243.4 244.4 245.4 246.5 247.5 248.5 249.6 250.6 251.6 252.7 253.7 254.7 255.8 256.8 257.8 258.8 259.9 260.9 261.9 263.0 264.0 265.0 266.1 267.1 268.1 269.2 270.2 SMITHSONIAN METEOROLOGICAL TABLES Pressure—millibars 800 750 (continued) 700 TABLE 75 (CONTINUED) 311 POTENTIAL TEMPERATURE Pressure—millibars Tempera- aS ——Eoo ture Z50 Mi 200 17 Spy 150 me 125Are TOD 680 60 50 40 30 20 (continued) SMITHSONIAN METEOROLOGICAL TABLES 312 TABLE 75 POTENTIAL TEMPERATURE Tempera- ture 1050 950 900 850 co °K OK °K kK SMITHSONIAN METEOROLOGICAL TABLES Pressure—millibars 800 (continued) (CONTINUED) 750 700 600 °K. 304.5 305.7 TABLE 75 (CONCLUDED) 313 POTENTIAL TEMPERATURE Pressure—millibars Temperas © —— IY ture 250 200) ~ 175. 150" "125 100 80 60 50 40 30 20 °C Suis K K K K °K; K K aK °K °K “is Pressure—millibars — 1050 950 900 850 800 750 700 *€. ake AS °K. Ase °K. TUS ia lsc 40 308.8 317.8 322.7 328.0 333.8 340.0 346.8 41 309.8 318.8 323.8 329.1 334.8 341.1 347.9 42 310.8 319.8 324.8 330.1 335.9 342.2 349.0 SMITHSONIAN METEOROLOGICAL TABLES TABLE 76 TWO-SEVENTHS POWER OF PRESSURE 314 Pp 0 1 0 1.0000 10 1.9307 1.9840 20 2.3535 2.3866 30 2.6426 2.6675 40 2.8690 2.8893 50 3.0579 3.0752 60 3.2214 3.2366 70 3.3664 3.3801 80 3.4974 3.5098 90 3.6171 3.6285 100 3.7276 3.7382 110 3.8305 3.8404 120 3.9269 3.9362 130 4.0178 4.0266 140 4.1037 4.1121 150 4.1854 4.1934 160 4.2633 4.2709 170 4.3378 4.3451 180 4.4092 4.4162 190 4.4779 4.4846 200 4.5440 4.5505 210 4.6078 4.6140 220 4.6694 4.6755 230 4.7291 4.7350 240 4.7870 4.7927 250 4.8431 4.8487 260 4.8977 4.9031 270 4.9508 4.9560 280 5.0025 5.0076 290 5.0529 5.0579 300 5.1021 5.1070 310 5.1501 5.1549 320 5.1971 5.2017 330 5.2429 5.2475 340 5.2879 5.2923 350 5.3318 5.3362 360 5.3749 5.3792 370 5.4172 5.4213 380 5.4586 5.4627 390 5.4993 5.5033 400 5.5392 5.5431 410 5.5784 5.5823 420 5.6169 5.6208 430 5.6548 5.6586 440 5.6921 5.6958 450 5.7288 5.7324 460 5.7648 5.7684 470 5.8004 5.8039 480 5.8354 5.8388 490 5.8699 5.8733 500 5.9038 5.9072 510 5.9373 5.9407 520 5.9704 5.9736 530 6.0029 6.0062 540 6.0351 6.0383 2 1.2190 2.0339 2.4185 2.6918 2.9093 3.0923 3.2517 3.3936 3.5221 3.6398 3.7487 3.8503 3.9455 4.0353 4.1204 4.2013 4.2785 4.3523 4.4232 4.4913 4.5569 4.6203 4.6815 4.7408 4.7983 4.8542 4.9084 4.9613 5.0127 5.0629 5.1118 5.1596 5.2063 5.2520 5.2967 5.3405 5.3834 5.4255 5.4668 5.5073 5.5471 5.5862 5.6246 5.6623 5.6995 5.7360 5.7720 5.8074 5.8423 5.8767 5.9106 5.9440 5.9769 6.0094 6.0415 (Explanation on p. 308.) 3 1.3687 2.0810 2.4494 2.7156 2.9289 3.1092 3.2666 3.4070 3.5343 3.6511 3.7592 3.8601 3.9547 4.0440 4.1287 4.2092 4.2860 4.3596 4.4301 4.4980 4.5634 4.6265 4.6875 4.7467 4.8040 4.8597 4.9138 4.9665 5.0178 5.0678 5.1166 5.1643 5.2109 5.2565 5.3011 5.3449 5.3877 5.4297 5.4709 (continued) SMITHSONIAN METEOROLOGICAL TABLES 4 1.4860 2.1255 2.4794 2.7388 2.9482 3.1259 3.2813 3.4203 3.5465 3.6623 3.7696 3.8698 3.9639 4.0527 4.1369 4.2170 4.2935 4.3667 4.4370 4.5046 4.5698 4.6327 4.6935 4.7525 4.8096 4.8651 4.9191 4.9716 5.0228 5.0727 5.1214 5.1690 5.2155 5.2610 5.3056 5.3492 5.3919 5.4338 5.4750 S153 5.5550 5.5939 5.6322 5.6698 5.7068 5.7433 5.7791 5.8144 5.8492 5.8835 5.9173 5.9506 5.9835 6.0159 6.0478 5 1.5838 2.1678 2.5085 2.7616 2.9672 3.1423 3.2959 3.4335 3.5585 3.6734 3.7799 3.8795 3.9730 4.0613 4.1451 4.2248 4.3010 4.3739 4.4439 4.5112 4.5762 4.6389 4.6995 4.7583 4.8153 4.8706 4.9244 4.9768 5.0279 5.0777 5.1263 5.1737 9.2201 5.2655 5.3100 5.3535 5.3961 5.4380 5.4790 5.5193 5.5589 5.5978 5.6360 5.6735 5.7105 5.7469 5.7827 5.8179 5.8527 5.8869 5.9206 5.9539 5.9867 6.0191 6.0510 6 1.6685 2.2082 1.8734 3.0403 3.2060 3.7169 3.8205 3.9175 4.0089 0.0953 4.1774 4.2557 4.3305 4.4022 4.4711 4.5375 4.6015 4.6634 4.7232 4.7813 4.8376 4.8923 4.9456 4.9974 5.0479 5.0972 5.1454 5.1924 5.2384 5.2834 Ey) 5.3707 5.4130 5.4545 5.4952 5.5352 5.5745 5.6131 5.6511 5.6884 5.7251 5.7613 5.7969 5.8319 5.8664 5.9005 5.9340 5.9671 5.9997 6.0319 6.0637 TABLE 76 (CONCLUDED) 315 TWO-SEVENTHS POWER OF PRESSURE (Explanation on p. 308.) P 0 1 Z 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 550 6.0668 6.0700 6.0731 6.0763 6.0794 6.0825 6.0857 6.0888 6.0919 6.0950 560 6.0981 6.1012 6.1043 6.1074 6.1105 6.1136 6.1167 6.1198 6.1229 6.1260 570 6.1290 6.1321 6.1352 6.1382 6.1413 6.1444 6.1474 6.1505 6.1535 6.1565 580 6.1596 6.1626 6.1656 6.1687 6.1717 6.1747 6.1777 6.1807 6.1837 6.1867 590 6.1897 6.1927 6.1957 6.1987 6.2017 6.2047 6.2077 6.2106 6.2136 6.2166 600 6.2195 6.2225 6.2254 6.2284 6.2313 6.2343 6.2372 6.2402 6.2431 6.2460 610 6.2490 6.2519 6.2548 6.2577 6.2607 6.2636 6.2665 6.2694 6.2723 6.2752 620 6.2781 6.2810 6.2838 6.2867 6.2896 6.2925 6.2954 6.2982 6.3011 6.3040 630 6.3068 6.3097 6.3126 63154 6.3183 6.3211 6.3239 6.3268 6.3296 6.3324 640 6.3353 6.3381 6.3409 6.3437 6.3466 6.3494 6.3522 6.3550 6.3578 6.3606 650 6.3634 6.3662 6.3690 6.3718 6.3746 6.3774 6.3801 6.3829 6.3857 6.3885 660 6.3912 6.3940 6.3968 6.3995 6.4023 6.4050 6.4078 6.4105 6.4133 6.4160 670 6.4187 6.4215 6.4242 6.4269 6.4297 6.4324 6.4351 6.4378 6.4405 6.4433 680 6.4460 6.4487 6.4514 6.4541 6.4568 6.4595 6.4622 6.4649 6.4675 6.4702 690 6.4729 6.4756 6.4783 6.4809 6.4836 6.4863 6.4889 6.4916 6.4943 6.4969 700 6.4996 6.5022 6.5049 6.5075 6.5102 6.5128 6.5154 6.5181 6.5207 6.5233 710 6.5260 6.5286 6.5312 6.5338 6.5365 6.5391 6.5417 6.5443 6.5469 6.5495 720 = =6.5921 6.5547 6.5573 6.5599 6.5625 6.5651 6.5677 6.5702 6.5728 6.5754 730 6.5780 6.5805 6.5831 6.5857 6.5883 6.5908 6.5934 6.5959 6.5985 6.6010 740 6.6036 6.6061 6.6087 6.6112 6.6138 6.6163 6.6188 6.6214 6.6239 6.6264 750 6.6290 6.6315 6.6340 6.6365 6.6391 6.6416 6.6441 6.6466 6.6491 6.6516 760, 6.6541 6.6566 6.6591 6.6616 6.6641 6.6666 6.6691 6.6716 6.6740 6.6765 770 6.6790 6.6815 6.6840 6.6864 6.6889 6.6914 6.6938 6.6963 6.6988 6.7012 780 6.7037 6.7061 6.7086 6.7110 6.7135 6.7159 6.7184 6.7208 6.7232 6.7257 790 6.7281 6.7305 6.7330 6.7354 6.7378 6.7403 6.7427 6.7451 6.7475 6.7499 800 6.7523 6.7548 6.7572 6.7596 6.7620 6.7644 6.7668 6.7692 6.7716 6.7740 810 6.7763 6.7787 6.7811 6.7835 6.7859 6.7883 6.7907 6.7930 6.7954 6.7978 820 6.8001 6.8025 6.8049 6.8072 6.8096 6.8120 6.8143 6.8167 6.8190 6.8214 830 6.8237 6.8261 6.8284 6.8308 6.8331 6.8355 6.8378 6.8401 6.8425 6.8448 840 6.8471 6.8495 6.8518 6.8541 6.8564 6.8587 6.8611 6.8634 6.8657 6.8680 850 6.8703 6.8726 6.8749 6.8772 6.8795 6.8818 6.8841 6.8864 6.8887 6.8910 860 6.8933 6.8956 6.8979 6.9002 6.9025 6.9047 6.9070 6.9093 6.9116 6.9139 870 6.9161 6.9184 6.9207 6.9229 6.9252 6.9275 6.9297 6.9320 6.9342 6.9365 880 6.9387 6.9410 6.9432 6.9455 6.9477 6.9500 6.9522 6.9545 6.9567 6.9589 890 6.9612 6.9634 6.9656 6.9679 6.9701 6.9723 6.9746 6.9768 6.9790 6.9812 900 6.9834 6.9857 6.9879 6.9901 6.9923 6.9945 6.9967 6.9989 7.0011 7.0033 910 7.0055 7.0077 7.0099 7.0121 7.0143 7.0165 7.0187 7.0209 7.0231 7.0252 920 7.0274 7.0296 7.0318 7.0340 7.0361 7.0383 7.0405 7.0427 7.0448 7.0470 930 7.0492 7.0513 7.0535 7.0557 7.0578 7.0600 7.0621 7.0643 7.0664 7.0686 940 7.0707 7.0729 7.0750 7.0772 7.0793 7.0815 7.0836 7.0857 7.0879 7.0900 950 7.0922 7.0943 7.0904 7.0985 7.1007 7.1028 7.1049 7.1070 7.1092 7.1113 960 7.1134 7.1155 7.1176 7.1197 7.1219 .7.1240 7.1261 7.1282 7.1303 7.1324 970 7.1345 7.1366 7.1387 7.1408 7.1429 7.1450 7.1471 7.1492 7.1513 7.1533 980 @ADS4 PASTS | 71996) FACT 7.16389)" 20658 71679 7.1700" 7.0721) “7 741 990 7.1762 7.1783 7.1804 7.1824 7.1845 7.1866 7.1886 7.1907 7.1927 7.1948 1000 7.1969 7.1989 7.2010 7.2030 7.2051 Z2u/) feeo2 | fete “72193 Palos 1010 G2173> 72194 ~ 72214 712239 7.2209" 72275 72296 ° 72316" 72330 72357 1020 7.2377 7.2397 7.2417 7.2438 7.2458 7.2478 7.2498 7.2518 7.2539 7.2559 1030 72579 72399 7.2619 7.2639 7.2659’ 7.2679 7.2700 7.2720 7.2740 - 7.2760 1040 7.2780 7.2800 7.2820 7.2840 7.2859 7.2879 7.2899 7.2919 7.2939 7.2959 1050 7.2979 7.2999 7.3019 7.3038 7.3058 7.3078 7.3098 7.3118 7.3137 7.3157 1060 73447 7.3196 7.3216 7.3236 7.4290°*.7.32/5 7.3295 7.3314 7.3334 7.3354 1070 7.3373 7.3393 7.3412 7.3432 7.3452 7.3471 7.3491 7.3510 7.3530 7.3549 1080 7.3569 7.3588 7.3608 7.3627 7.3646 7.3666 7.3685 7.3705 7.3724 7.3743 1090 7.3763 7.3782 7.3801 7.3821 7.3840 7.3859 7.3878 7.3898 7.3917 7.3936 1100 ~~ 7.3955 SMITHSONIAN METEOROLOGICAL TABLES 316 a 0 1 0 7.1969 10 3.7276 3.6275 20 3.0579 3.0155 30 2.7234 2.6980 40 2.5085 2.4908 50 2.3535 2.3403 60 2.2341 2.2236 70 2.1378 2.1292 80 2.0578 2.0505 90 1.9897 1.9834 100 1.9307 1.9252 110 1.8788 1.8740 120 1.8327 1.8284 130 1.7913 1.7873 140 1.7537 1.7502 150 137195), 1.7162 160 1.6881 1.6851 170 1.6591 1.6563 180 1.6322 1.6296 190 1.6072 1.6048 200 1.5838 1.5816 210 1.5619 1.5598 220 1.5413 1.5393 230 1.5218 1.5199 240 1.5034 1.5016 250 1.4860 1.4843 260 1.4694 1.4678 270 1.4537 1.4521 280 1.4386 1.4372 290 1.4243 1.4229 300 1.4106 1.4092 310 1.3974 1.3961 320 1.3848 1.3836 330 133727 1.3715 340 1.3610 1.3599 350 1.3498 1.3487 360 1.3390 1.3379 370 1.3285 1.3275 380 1.3184 1.3175 390 1.3087 1.3077 400 1.2993 1.2983 410 1.2901 1.2892 420 1.2813 1.2804 430 1.2727 1.2718 440 1.2644 1.2635 450 1:2563,, 1:2555 460 1.2484 1.2476 470 1.2408 1.2400 480 1.2333 1.2326 490 1.2261 1.2254 500 1.2190 1.2183 510 12021) 12005 520 1.2054 1.2048 530 1.1989 1.1982 540 1.1925 1.1919 2 5.9038 3.5384 2.9757 2.6736 2.4738 2.3273 2.2133 2.1207 2.0433 1.9772 1.9198 1.8692 1.8241 1.7835 1.7466 1.7130 1.6821 1.6536 1.6271 1.6024 1.5793 1:5577 1.5373 1.5181 1.4999 1.4826 1.4662 1.4506 1.4357 1.4215 1.4079 1.3948 1.3823 1.3703 1.3587 1.3476 1.3369 1.3265 1.3165 1.3068 1.2974 1.2883 1.2795 1.2710 1.2627 1.2547 1.2469 1.2393 1.2319 1.2246 1.2176 1.2108 1.2041 1.1976 1.1912 TABLE 77 TWO-SEVENTHS POWER OF (1000/p) (Explanation on p. 308.) 3 5.2580 3.4584 2.9382 2.6502 2.4572 2.3147 2.2032 2.1123 2.0363 1.9711 1.9145 1.8644 1.8198 1.7796 1.7431 1.7098 1.6791 1.6508 1.6245 1.6000 1.5771 1.5556 1.5353 1.5162 1.4981 1.4809 1.4646 1.4491 1.4343 1.4201 1.4066 1.3936 1.3811 1.3691 1.3576 1.3465 1.3358 123295 1.3155 1.3058 1.2965 1.2874 1.2787 1.2702 1.2619 1.2539 1.2461 1.2385 1.2311 1.2239 1.2169 1.2101 1.2035 1.1970 1.1906 (continued) SMITHSONIAN METEOROLOGICAL TABLES 4 4.8431 3.3859 2.9027 2.6277 2.4411 2.3024 2.1933 2.1042 2.0293 1.9651 1.9092 1.8598 1.8156 1.7758 1.7397 1.7066 1.6762 1.6481 1.6220 1.5977 1.5749 1.5535 1.5334 1.5143 1.4963 1.4793 1.4630 1.4476 1.4328 1.4187 1.4052 1.3923 1.3799 1.3680 1.3565 1.3454 1.3347 1.3245 1.3145 1.3049 1.2956 1.2866 1.2778 1.2693 1.2611 1.2531 1.2453 1.2378 1.2304 1.2232 1.2162 1.2094 1.2028 1.1963 1.1900 5 4.5440 3.3198 2.8690 2.6060 2.4255 2.2903 2.1836 2.0961 2.0225 1,9592 1.9040 1.8551 1.8114 1.7721 1.7362 1.7035 1.6733 1.6454 1.6195 1.5953 1.5727 1.5514 1.5314 1.5125 1.4946 1.4776 1.4615 1.4461 1.4314 1.4174 1.4039 1.3910 1.3787 1.3668 1.3554 1.3443 1.3337 1.3234 1.3135 1.3039 1.2947 1.2857 1.2770 1.2685 1.2603 1.2523 1.2446 1.2370 1.2297 1.2225 1.2156 1.2088 1.2021 1.1957 1.1894 8 3.9730 3.1513 2.7776 2.5455 2.3812 2.2558 2.1556 2.0727 2.0025 1.9419 1.8887 1.8415 1.7992 1.7610 1.7261 1.6942 1.6647 1.6374 1.6121 1.5884 1.5662 1.5453 1.5256 1.5070 1.4894 1.4727 1.4568 1.4416 1.4271 1.4133 1.4000 1.3873 1.3751 1.3633 1.3520 1.3411 1.3306 1.3204 1.3106 1.3011 1.2919 1.2830 1.2744 1.2660 1.2579 1.2500 1.2423 1.2348 1.2275 1.2204 1.2135 1.2068 1.2002 1.1938 1.1875 9 3.8415 3.1030 2.7499 2.5267 2.3672 2.2448 2.1466 2.0652 1.9961 1.9362 1.8837 1.8371 1.7952 1.7573 1.7228 1.6911 1.6619 1.6348 1.6096 1.5861 1.5640 1.5433 1.5237 1.5052 1.4877 1.4711 1.4552 1.4401 1.4257 1.4119 1.3987 1.3860 1.3739 1.3622 1.3509 1.3400 1.3296 1.3194 1.3097 1.3002 1.2910 1.2822 1.2735 1.2652 1.2571 1.2492 1.2415 1.2340 1.2268 1.2197 1.2128; 1.2061 1.1995 1.1931 1.1869 1100 0 1 1.1863 1.1857 1.1802 1.1796 1.1742 1.1736 1.1684 1.1678 1.1627 1.1621 1.1571 1.1566 PUS17, 1 15tt 1.1463 1.1458 1.1411 1.1406 1.1360 1.1355 1.1310 1.1305 1.1261 1.1256 112120.1207 1.1165 1.1160 1.1118 1.1114 1.1073 1.1068 1.1028 1.1024 1.0984 1.0980 1.0941 1.0937 1.0898 1.0894 1.0857 1.0853 1.0816 1.0812 1.0775 1.0771 1.0736 1.0732 1.0697 1.0693 1.0658 1.0655 1.0621 1.0617 1.0583 1.0580 1.0547 1.0543 1.0511 1.0507 1.0475 1.0472 1.0440 1.0437 1.0406 1.0402 1.0372 1.0369 1.0339 1.0335 1.0306 1.0302 1.0273 1.0270 1.0241 1.0238 1.0210 1.0206 1.0178 1.0175 1.0148 1.0145 1.0117 1.0114 1.0087 1.0084 1.0058 1.0055 1.0029 1.0026 TABLE 77 (CONCLUDED) TWO-SEVENTHS POWER OF (1000/p) (Explanation on p. 308.) 2 3 1.1850 1.1844 4 1.1838 1.1778 1.1719 1.1661 1.1605 1.1549 1.1495 1.1442 1.1391 1.1340 1.1290 1.1241 1.1193 1.1146 1.1100 1.1055 1.1010 1.0967 1.0924 1.0882 1.0840 1.0799 1.0759 1.0720 1.0681 1.0643 1.0606 1.0569 1.0532 1.0497 1.0461 1.0427 1.0392 1.0359 1.0325 1.0293 1.0260 1.0228 1.0197 1.0000 0.99971 0.99943 0.99914 0.99886 0.99716 .99688 99436 .99408 99159 .99132 98886 .98859 349 .98322 0.97314 .99660 .99632 .99604 99380 .99352 .99325 99104 .99077 .99049 98831 .98804 .98777 0. ot 0.98589 0.98562 0.98535 0. ee .98296 .98270 98085 .98059 .98033 .98007 97825 .97799 97773 .97748 97568 .97542 .97517 .97491 SMITHSONIAN METEOROLOGICAL TABLES 8243 97981 97722 .97466 5 6 7 1.1832 1.1826 1.1820 1.1772 1.1766 1.1760 1.1713) 1.1707 14701 1.1655 1.1650 1.1644 1.1599 1.1594 1.1588 1.1544 1.1539 1.1533 1.1490 1.1485 1.1479 1.1437 1.1432 1.1427 1.1385) 1.1380 °1.1375 HeVSS5 11330" “1S25 1.1285 1.1280 1.1275 ZO 12a Les, 1.1188 1.1184 1.1179 1.1142 1.1137 1.1132 1.1096 1.1091 1.1086 / 1.1050 1.1046 1.1041 1.1006 1.1002 1.0997 1.0962 1.0958 1.0954 1.0920 1.0915 1.0911 1.0877 1.0873 1.0869 1.0836 1.0832 1.0828 1.0795 1.0791 1.0787 1.0755 1.0751 1.0748 1.0716 1.0712 1.0708 1.0677 1.0674 1.0670 1.0639 1.0636 1.0632 1.0602 1.0598 1.0594 1.0565 1.0561 1.0558 1.0529 1.0525 1.0522 1.0493 1.0489 1.0486 1.0458 1.0454 1.0451 1.0423 1.0420 1.0416 1.0389 1.0386 1.0382 1.0355 1.0352 1.0349 1.0322 1.0319 1.0315 1.0289 1.0286 1.0283 1.0257 1.0254 1.0251 1.0225 1.0222 1.0219 1.0194 1.0191 1.0188 1.0163 1.0160 1.0157 1.0132 1.0129 1.0126 1.0102 1.0099 1.0096 1.0073 1.0070 1.0067 1.0043 1.0040 1.0037 1.0014 1.0011 1.0009 0.99858 0.99829 0.99801 99576 .99548 .99520 99297 .99269 .99242 99022 .98995 .98967 98750 .98723 .98696 0.98482 0.98455 0.98429 98217 .98190 .98164 97955 .97929 .97903 97696 .97670 .97645 97440 .97415 .97390 317 8 9 1.1814 1.1808 1.1754 1.1748 1.1696 1.1690 1.1638 1.1633 W562" 1.1577 W528" ¥.1522 1.1474 1.1469 1.1422 1.1416 1.1370 1.1365 1.1320 1.1315 1.1270 1.1265 V1222 0 1217 1.1174 1.1170 1.1128 1.1123 1.1082 1.1077 1.1037 1.1032 1.0993 1.0988 1.0949 1.0945 1.0907 1.0903 1.0865 1.0861 1.0824 1.0820 1.0783 1.0779 1.0744 1.0740 1.0704 1.0701 1.0666 1.0662 1.0628 1.0624 1.0591 1.0587 1.0554 1.0550 1.0518 1.0514 1.0482 1.0479 1.0447 1.0444 1.0413 1.0409 1.0379 1.0375 1.0345 1.0342 1.0312 1.0309 1.0280 1.0276 1.0247 1.0244 1.0216 1.0213 1.0185 1.0181 1.0154 1.0151 1.0123 1.0120 1.0093 1.0090 1.0064 1.0061 1.0035 1.0032 1.0006 1.0003 0.99773 0.99744 99492 .99464 99214 .99187 98940 .98913 98669 .98642 0.98402 0.98375 98138 .98112 97877 97851 97619 .97593 97364 .97339 318 TABLE 78 TEMPERATURE AND PRESSURE ALONG SATURATION PSEUDOADIABATS The differential equation of the pseudoadiabatic condensation stage involving satura- tion with respect to water (rain stage) as given by von Bezold* is (At-£ CUS) EPIRE (#) +Ta(t*) =0. (1) Where Cp = specific heat of dry air at constant pressure, Cw = specific heat of water, T =temperature, °K., R= gas constant for dry air, pa = partial pressure of the dry air, LL» = lutent heat of condensation of water, Tw —= saturation mixing ratio over water. All quantities are to be expressed in cgs work units. Integrating equation (1) between nearby values of (fa, T) denoted by subscripts 1 and 2, and regarding cp and cw as constants within this interval we get Ta T2 dT JR A IESG Cp loge + ce gO , Pa pafwa — Fetes) — 0. 2 F Ti ESE ine ah ae Ti a The integral in equation (2) may be replaced by its equivalent Ts Cw | Tw CS as loge 22 (3) T, i Ti where 7» is the mean value of rw on a logarithmic basis in the interval. pa: is related to the total, barometric pressure fi by par = fi — Cw1 (4) where éw: is the saturation vapor pressure over water at temperatures 71. Similarly, Paz = 62 — Cw2. (5) Making use of equations (3) and (4), equation (2) can be solved to a close degree of approximation for paz when values of Ti, p:, T2, are given, provided T> is sufficiently near 7:1. Ususally 2°C. intervals are used, and equation (2) is solved stepwise for a suc- cession of values of pa: on the pseudoadiabat and ps2 is determined from equation (5). The U. S. Weather Bureau has computed the values of p at various values of T along a number of pseudoadiabats. In making the computations it was assumed that fw could be adequately represented by the relation ru —céu/pa where @w = (€w1+ ews) /2, Pa = (par + par) /2, and «= ratio of molecular weight of water vapor to molecular weight of dry air. The following constants were used in the computations : Cp = 0.238 cal. g.7 °K.7= 0.995 X 10" ergs g.* °K.7 Col incalniorns “KTS 4.18 X 107 ergs g.7 °K." R= 28.71 < 10° cm.? deg.” sec.? = cm.? deg.” sec.~ Ly = [596.73 — 0.601 t (°C.)] cal. g.7 = [2494.3 — 2.512 t (°C.)] ergs g.7 e= 0.622 The values of ew used also differ slightly from those given in this volume. Table 78 gives the corresponding pressure for each even whole degree centigrade along the pseudoadiabats having temperatures at 1000 mb. (pseudo-wet-bulb potential tempera- ture) from — 20°C. to 40°C. at 2° intervals. The corresponding equivalent potential temperature for each pseudoadiabat is also indicated. 2Von Bezold, Zur Thermodynamik der Atmosphere, Sitzungsber. Berlin Akad., 1888. (continued) SMITHSONIAN METEOROLOGICAL TABLES TABLE 78 (CONTINUED) 319 TEMPERATURE AND PRESSURE ALONG SATURATION PSEUDOADIABATS pera- 40FCS 38%C: Pseudo-wet-bulb potential temperature (°C.) and equivalent potential temperature (°A.) 34 °C. PRADA ETO) os ture 478.4°A. 454.8°A. 434.2°A. 416.5°A. 400.5°A. 386.2°A. 373. 8°A. 362.6°A. 352.8°A. 343.5°A. 335.5°A. 2G mb. mb, 36)-G; rs 32) °C; BOR SinCs 26°C, 24°C, mb. mb. mb. mb. mb. mb. mb. 1069.8 1000 1068.2 934.7 1000 1066.7 873.5 937 1000 1064.8 816.4 876 937. 1000 1063.2 762.9 821 879 940 1000 1061.5 712.9 769 825 883 941 1000 1059.2 666.6 720 774 830 885 942 1000 623.2 674 725 779 833 888 944 582.9 631 681 733 785 837 892 545.1 592 640 690 740 792 844 5102 (555 601 650 698 747 798 474/ 5ek 566 612 659 707 755 447.5 489 532 577 622 668 715 419.6 459 501 544 588 632 678 393.6 433 472 514 556 600 644 369.6 406 445 486 526 568 611 347.1 382.3 420 459 499 540 581 326.4 360.3 396.8 435 473 513 553 307.3 340.1 375.3 412.4 449 488 527 289.7 321.4 355.5 391.4 427 464 502 2i34 SOF T3972, sl.9 > -A07, 443 480 258.4 288.1 320.1 353.8 387.8 423 459 244.4 2732 3043 337.0 370.0 4042 438 231.6 259.5 289.6 321.4 353.4 386.6 420 21915. 2469" -275.7-°"'300.6 337.7 “369.9 “402 208.6 234.8 263.2 293.1 323.4 3548 385.9 198.4 223.8 251.3 280.4 309.8 3403 370.6 189.0." 213'6'"240.4 °© 268.6 %.297:2 “326.8 356.3 18Q44204:390230:38V257:7 $285.5" .'314:3 342.9 172.30) 195.5029220.8 247.4 “274.4 ©3024 330.2 164-4. 91873: ZEUS. 14237:6, 182639) 2911 25182 157.628 179.5862203.3 C9228:5 96254:0 2280:4 1306.7 151.1 1724 195.5 2200 244.7 270.4 296.0 145.dcoe 165.7 rac188.2 92120 95236.0 <261.0 2285.8 139.45- 90594 eex181-3 99204:3' 9227.7 §252:0 1276.1 194.0 (153.5. 51747 197.1 2198 2434 .266.8 129.0 148.0 1686 190.3 2124 235.2 258.0 124-2). 142.6 } 5162.6 4483.7 (2205.1 92273 249.5 119/80 137.7 2157-1 sal77.6 <098:3 42199 . 244 15.655 192.9). 1SE7 ptf l7 SOUS F2027 3283'6 PES" 128.3" 146.6 ~"165:9 ~T85:5. 1205:8 (226.0 107.7. 1240 141.7 160.4 179.4 199.1 218.7 104.0; 22119'8 5-3137.0 .055:00 wAl73:5. 9892.6 Zil6 100:Se5G115:8 232:5 M1501 67.9 NIR64 32048 O72 YO-112.0 -°28.1 2145.2 "162.5 “880.4 1983 93:8 "108.2 —'123.8 "1404 “A571. “1745 1918 00:7, 1046. 1198 _.135.8 . 1520 168.8 . 185.6 877 M1OL 2 Set15.8 “S1S1.4 T1471 O34 | I79.6 84.8 97:8 $512.0 8127.0 4942.3 - 158.0 *173:8 82.0 94.6 1008.3 122.9 \ 137.6 152.9 — 168.1 79.2 91.4 1047 1188 1330 147.8 162.5 76.6 84 JOU2. 148. 128:6 91429 157.1 74.0 85.4 O7.ge eto (1243 1381 1519 (continued) SMITHSONIAN METEOROLOGICAL TABLES mb. mb. 320 TABLE 78 (CONTINUED) ‘TEMPERATURE AND PRESSURE ALONG SATURATION PSEUDOADIABATS Pseudo-wet-bulb potential temperature (°C.) and equivalent potential temperature (°A.) - 40 °C. pCa eGR 2340C: eG WI0RC: 26 °C. 20 °C. ture 478.4°A. 434.8°A. 434.2°A. 416.5°A. 400.5°A. 386.2°A. 373.8°A. 362.6°A. 352.8°A. 343.5°A. 335.5°A. mb. 60.8 58.7 56.7 54.7 52.8 51.0 49.2 mb. mb. 71.5 82.5 69.0 79.7 66.7 77.0 64.3 74.3 62.1 iAtey/ 59.9 69.2 57.8 66.7 BBY! 64.3 53i7, 62.0 51.7 59.7 49.8 S75 47.9 55.4 46.1 53.3 44.4 51.2 42.6 49.3 41.0 47.3 39.4 45.5 37.8 43.6 mb. 94.5 91.3 88.2 85.1 82.2 79.3 76.4 mb. 107.3 103.6 100.1 96.6 93.2 89.9 86.7 28 °C. 24 °C. 2256: mb. mb, mb. mb. 120.1 133.5 146.8 161.0 116.0 1289 1418 155%5 1120 1242555 1370 15022 1082)" 120215 132!2) ~14510 104.4 1160 127.6 140.0 100°7. ZO) S23 ets oat 97.2 108.0 1188 130.3 93°75 04:1. «10455, (125% 90.3 100.3 1104 121.1 87.0 96.7. 106.3 116.6 83.8 Ose LOZAT Sl 2 80.6 89.6 98.6 108.1 77.6 86.2 94.8 104.0 74.6 82.9 91.2 100.1 CAL 79.7 87.7 96.2 68.9 76.6 84.3 92.4 66.2 Pseudo-wet-bulb potential temperature (°C.) and equivalent potential temperature (°A.) SG: mb. — 70 51.0 — 72 49.3 — 74 47.6 — 76 45.9 — 78 44.3 — 80 42.8 — 82 41.2 — 84 39.8 — 86 38.3 — 88 36.9 — 90 35.5 — 92 34.2 — 94 32.9 — 96 31.7 — 98 30.4 —100 29.2 —102 28.1 —104 27.0 Tem pera- 188: ture 328.0°A. °C. mb. 20 1054.1 18 1000 16 949 14 902 12 858 10 816 8 778 6 741 a 707 2 675 0 646 —2 618 — 4 593 — 6 568 — 8 544 —10 523 —12 503 —14 484 —16 466 —18 449 —20 433 —22 418 —24 404 —26 390.2 —28 37741 —30 364.6 —32 S527. —34 341.2 —36 330.3 —38 319.6 16°C: 4°C, 1ZASC: LO5C: Sec: Gn: °C. 2.oG: SzILsTAS 315.3°A, 309.6°A. 304.4°A. 299.6°A. 295.0°A. 290.8°A. 286.9°A. mb. mb. mb. mb. mb. mb. mb. mb. 1052.0 1000 1050.2 1100.3 951 1000 1048.6 1096.7 906 953 1000 1046.7 1093.3 863 908 954 1000.0 1045.2 1090.2 823 868 912 957 1000.0 1043.7 1087.2 785 828 871 915 957 1000.0 1042.3 1084.3 750 792 834 876 917 959 1000.0 1040.9 717 758 799 840 880 920 960 1000.0 686 726 766 805 844 884 923 961 657 696 734 773 811 850 887 925 631 668 706 744 781 818 855 892 605 642 678 715 751 787 823 859 581 616 652 688 723 758 793 828 559 593 628 663 697 732 765 799 537 570 604 638 671 705 738 771 517 550 583 616 648 681 713 745 499 530 563 595 626 658 689 720 480 511 542 573 604 635 665 696 463 494 524 554 584 614 644 673 448 477 507 536 565 594 623 652 432 461 490 518 546 575 603 631 418 446 474 502 529 557 584 611 404 431 458 485 512 539 566 592 390.8 417 444 470 496 522 548 574 378.1 403 429 454 479 505 530 555 365.9 390.1 415 440 464 489 513 538 354.2 SHe7. 402 426 450 474 497 521 342.9 365.7 389.3 413 436 459 482 505 (continued) SMITHSONIAN METEOROLOGICAL TABLES mb. 174.7 168.8 163.0 157.4 151.9 146.6 141.4 136.3 131.4 126.6 121.9 L173 112.9 108.6 DiC: 283.4°A. mb. 1081.5 1039.5 TABLE 78 (CONTINUED) 321 TEMPERATURE AND PRESSURE ALONG SATURATION PSEUDOADIABATS Pseudo-wet-bulb potential temperature (°C.) and equivalent potential temperature (°A.) pera- 18°C, 16°C. 14°C, 12°C, 10°C. 8°C. (onme’ aren sci t Soe ture 328.0°A. 321.3°A. 315.3°A. 309.6°A. 304.4°A. 299, 6°A. 298, 0°A. 290.8°A. 286. 9° A, 283.4°A, SGe mb. mb. mb. mb. mb. mb. mb. mb. mb. mb. —40 309.5 332.0 354.2 377.1 400 422 445 467 489 511 —42 299.6 321.6 343.1 365.3 387.5 409 431 453 474 496 —4 200 Sita) 93212" w353.8 .3725:3' 1) 3962". 418 439 460 480 —46 280.5 301.5 321.7 342.6 363.5 383.7 4049 425.3 445.6 465.0 —48 278.9. 2009. :3ti5, 323h8,.-3521, 371.7 3922 4419 4317 4505 —50 263.3 282.7 301.7 321.3 341.0 360.0 379.9 399.0 4181 436.4 —52 954.9°° 2737 2021 °° 311.2 "330.2 348.7° 3679 386.5 4050 4227 —54 24657 2649" 2828." BON2 319:7 33755 356.2 374.2 3922. 4093 —56 238.8 256.4 273.7 291.6 309.5 326.8 3449 362.3 379.7 396.3 —58 231-4 22482 6 265.0.. \)282.3.)), 209.6. .° 316.3. 333.8. 350.7 367.6 383:7 —60 223.6 240.2 §.256:4 0273.1 ° 289.9 (') 306.1 45323:1 339.4 7355.8 371.3 —62 216.3) 292.3 ©2480 % 264.3) 280512062 23126 328.4 73442) 13595 —64 200.2 §.224.7. ©2309 6255.6 271.3 ».286.5 » 3024 13176 , 3329 3475 —66 202 3.21773, 232.0. 2471 \5 262.3 277-0) 292.4 ¢ 802-2 $22.0 3364 —68 195.5, 2210.0 2242 238.9 © 253.6 | 267.8 . 282.7 » 297.0 . 311.3 3249 —70 139:0. 2023.0 8216.7 2230.9) (245.1. «2588.6 273.2 = 287.0 ».3008 3140 —72 182:6 9196.1 “* 209.4 © 223.1 © 236.8°~ 250:1 1263.9 277.3 ; 290:6.° 303:4 —74 176.3: 7489.4. 6.202.2 2215.5. \,228.7... 241.5) » 254.9. 267.8 280.7), 2930 —76 170.3)... 182.9 © 195.3. ..208.0. « 220.8, -.238.2 <246.1 ¢258.6 «271.1. 282.9 —78 164.3 2.1765 ©1885 4.2008 * 213.2 » 225.1 | 237.6 6249.6 = 2616. .273 —80 $58.5 01703 {981.8 1.193:7 ).208:7-8217.2 42202 (2408 62524 2635 —82 1529 9164.3 5 175.4 © 186.9 7198.4 ©2095 » 221.1 »2382.3 °243.5 2541 —84 147.4 1584 169.1 1802 191.3 202.0 213.2 2240 2348 245.0 —86 1421 152.6 - 163.0 1173.6 6184.3. 2194.7.%.205.5 © 215.9 ».226.3, 236.2 —88 136.9 \ 247.1. .157.0 \.167.3 2177.67 9875 ),1979 © 208.0 ) 218.0! ~ 2275 —90 131.8° 141.6 |1512 § 161.1 © 171.0 ~ 1806. ° 1906 (200.3 -'200.9 2191 —92 126.9 . 136.3 145.6 155.1 ° 1646 1739 ) 183.5 1928 202.1. 2109 —94 122.1 131.2 140.1 1492 1584 167.3 1766 185.5 1944 203.0 —96 117.4. 1262 134.7 .143.5 1524 1609 °1698 » 178.4 | 187.0 195.2 A Pseudo-wet-bulb potential temperature (°C.) and equivalent potential temperature (°A.) em- pera- “Cc. "C.. =6°C. —8"*C. 10°C) =12°C:; —14°C. —16rC. —1seC) —20NC-; ture 279, OIA. 276. 7°A, 273.6°A. 270.6°A. 267.7°A. 265.0°A. 262.4°A. 259.9°A. 257.4°A. 255.0°A, G; mb. mb. mb. mb. mb. mb. mb. mb. mb. mb. 2 1078.8 0 1038.2 1076.4 —2 1000.0 1037.1 1074.4 4 965 1000.0 1036.3 1072.6 — 6 930 964 1000.0 1035.3 1070.8 —8 897 930 965 1000.0 1034.5 1069.6 —10 866 899 933 967. 1000.0 1034.2 1068.1 —12 836 868 901 934 966 1000.0 1033.0 1066.8 —14 809 840 872 904 935 968 1000.0 1032.8 —16 782 812 844 875 905 937 968 1000.0 —18 756 785 816 846 876 907 937 968 1000.0 —20 732 760 790 820 849 879 908 938 969 1000.0 —22 709 836 765 794 822 852 880 909 940 969.3 —24 687 713 741 769 797 825 853 882 911 939.7 —26 665 691 718 746 772 800 827 855 883 911.0 —28 644 670 696 723 749 776 802 829 857 883.5 (continued) SMITHSONIAN METEOROLOGICAL TABLES 322 TABLE 78 (CONCLUDED) TEMPERATURE AND PRESSURE ALONG SATURATION PSEUDOADIABATS Pseudo-wet-bulb potential temperature (°C.) and equivalent potential temperature (°A.) pera- BG. SC BG: °C; .. 12°C. —14°C. —16°C. —18 °C. ture 279. 9°A. O76. 7°A. a3. 6°A. 270. 6°A, 267. 7°A. 265. 0°A. 262.4°A. 259.9°A. 257.4°A. “GC; mb. mb. mb. mb. mb. mb. mb. mb. mb. —30 624 649 675 701 726 752 778 804 831 —32 604 628 653 678 703 728 753 779 805 —34 585 609 633 658 681 706 730 755 781 —36 568 590 614 638 661 685 708 732 757 —38 550 572 595 618 641 664 687 710 734 —40 533 555 577 599 621 644 666 688 712 —42 517 538 559 581 602 624 645 667 690 —44 501 521 542 563 584 605 626 647 669 —46 485.4 5048 525.1 545.5 565.9 5862 606.6 627.0 648.3 —48 470.2 489.0 508.8 5285 5483 568.0 587.8 607.5 628.2 —50 455:5 -°473:8 492.9 1512.1 531.2 955013: 569.5 ~.588.6 91608:7 —52 AAS) 458.9) M4775) 496.1 vo S146 e75SS.2 8551.7 M5703 we589:7 —54 427.3 444.4 2462.4 F4A80:3: 498:3° BySi6:3) 2953423) 9552.3 SAL! —56 413.7 w430'3 2447-7 1465.11 #1482.6 Se500:0 0 e517.4 6.534:8) ea 553.1 —58 400:5: 416.6. 4433.5 %450!3 ©4672 7484.1 500.9 512.8 ©5355 —60 387.6 403.2 419.5 435.8 4522 4685 4848 501.2 518.3 —62 375.1 = 390!1 405.9 421.7 9437.5 1453.3 "1469.1 °484.9° 501.5 —64 362.8 377.3 392.6 4079 423.2 438.5 453.8 469.1 485.1 —66 350.8 364.9 379.7 394.5 409.3 4241 4389 453.7 469.2 —68 339.2 352.8 367.1 381.4 395.7 410.0 4243 4386 453.6 —70 327.8 341.0 3548 368.6 3824 396.3 410.1 423.9 438.4 —72 316.7 3294 3428 3562 369.5 382.9 396.2 409.6 423.6 —74 305.9 318.2 331.1 3440 356.9 369.8 382.7 395.6 409.1 —76 299:4 “1G07:2) G309.7 332.2 © 3446 3.357.1 6:369)5) 2382.0 1239510 —78 250.1 296.5 308.6" ©3206, 9.332:6 ©.344.7 1356:7 1368.7 W813 —80 2/51 2861 1297-7 0.8093) 0.3209 7.33825) 344.1 6.355:8 4.3679 —82 265.3: 270.0) M2872 “298.4 730916) 1320!8 3319" 238432) wi354.9 —84 25518) ©.266:1 O276:9 2.2877 +298.594.309:3), S201 6380.8) 1342.2 —86 24616 ©.256.5' 3.2669 277.3 287.7 ©.298:1') 4 308.5 8731819) MB29\8 —88 Za7.5) ) Zavel-, 257 267.1 i277 2872). ZOO COA Ci OL ae —90 228.8 237.9 «247.6 - 257.3 . 266.9 .276.6. »286.2"'..295:9) -30610 —92 220222294 (AZ38i4 624726 2256:9!") 2662. 27515) AZ848) A204 —94 ZANLD 2204 22953, -23833' :247:2 2562 SMITHSONIAN METEOROLOGICAL TABLES —20 °C. 255.0°A. mb. 856.8 830.9 805.8 781.5 757.8 734.8 712.5 TABLE 79 323 PSEUDOADIABATIC LAPSE RATE Water stage The pseudoadiabatic equation for the water stage recommended by the Aerological Commission of the International Meteorological Organization (Toronto, 1947) is where: (cp -- Tata /a = Rdp'/p' — d(Gake/ th) — Cp = specific heat of dry air at constant pressure (work units), Cw = specific heat of liquid water (work units), R= gas constant for dry air (work units), L. = latent heat of vaporization of water (work units), Yo = mixing ratio at saturation with respect to water, p’ = partial pressure of dry air, T = absolute temperature. Upon introducing the hydrostatic equation and the definition of geopotential, where: Tem- pera- ture °C. —50 —45 —40 —35 —30 —25 —20 —15 —10 —5 40 45 50 dT/d@=— Y/X °C./100 gpm.* = peapercunals ua 2 y=98 x 10° CLtre) (AT + rele) | RT pea eee [ ce 4 aL sd Lt ek bees (RT 2rh be Ls) |, k = ratio of the molecular weight of water vapor to that of dry air = 0.62197, @» = saturation vapor pressure over water. In performing the computations a constant value of cp = 1.005 x 10 erg. g.* °K.~ was assumed. 1050 100 gpm. 0.967 .960 951 937 918 0.893 .860 819 yih| 714 0.655 994 936 482 .434 0.393 398 329 306 .287 0.271 Pressure—amillibars 1000 950 900 850 800 700 600 500 400 300 200 100 iC eye eee cin heer Aine a Soc Sol C514 ed CR ON et C2 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 gpm. gpm. gpm. gpm. gpm. gpm. gpm. gpm. gpm. gpm. gpm. gpm. 0.966 0.965 0.965 0.964 0.963 0.961 0.959 0.955 0.951 0.943 0.928 0.886 959 958 957 .956 .954 .953 .949 943 .936 923 .900 .838 950 .948 947 .945 944 939 .934 .925 913 .896 .863 .775 936 .934 .931 930 .926 .920 .911 .900 .882 .857 .810 .698 917 913 910 .907 .903 .893 882 .866 .842 .807 .746 .615 0.890 0.887 0.882 0.877 0.872 0.858 0.842 0.820 0.790 0.746 0.673 0.531 855 850 .844 .838 .830 .814 .794 .767 .730 .677 596 .454 813 .806 .798 .790 .782 .762 .736 .703 .661 .603 .520 .388 GS L014 ASD ALO EOL. OFZ ROS 9) 092 0OL, 9 ANaeaos 705 695 686 .675 664 .637 606 .569 .524 .467 .393 .293 0.645 0.634 0.624 0.613 0.601 0.573 0.542 0.505 0.462 0.409 0.345 0.262 584 574 563 552 539 «513. 482447 «S408 361.306 527.516 .506 4.495. .483 457 .429 398 .362)..323 .276 A473 463 453.443 432 409 «384 «=.356 «325.291 «253 426 .417 408 .398 .389 .368 .346 .322 .296 0.385 0.377 0.370 0.361 0.353 0.334 0.315 0.295 0.273 P3352 2345)".338. .330. .323) W307) 29182273 324 © .3180%..311- 305. 299) 1.285 271608256 SOL) 295% (290 285 279: 26g 282 278 (273 268 263 (298 0.267 0.263 0.259 * Harrison, L. P., unpublished manuscript, 1948. SMITHSONIAN METEOROLOGICAL TABLES 324 TABLE 80 PSEUDOADIABATIC LAPSE RATE Ice stage The pseudoadiabatic equation for the ice stage recommended by the Aerological Com- mission of the International Meteorological Organization (Toronto, 1947) is (cp + ricis)dT/T — Rdp'/p' + d(nL./T) =0 where: Cp = specific heat of dry air at constant pressure (work units), cs = specific heat of ice (work units), R= gas constant for dry air (work units), += latent heat of sublimation (work units), r; = mixing ratio at saturation with respect to ice, p’ = partial pressure of dry air, T = absolute temperature. Upon introducing the hydrostatic equation and the definition of geopotential, dT/d@=— Y/X °C./100 gpm.* where: & = geopotential, y=98 10° CL bre) (AT + eka) RT , Kees tes [ GE, ETD TEI Cue (RE alee bL.) |, k= ratio of the molecular weight of water vapor to that of dry air = 0.62197, e; = saturation vapor pressure over ice. In performing the computations a constant value of cp = 1.005 x 10° erg. g.* °K. was assumed. Tem- Pressure—millibars pera- —_ 4" ture 1000 850 700 500 300 200 100 °C; °C, oe “C; “Gc. Cc: eC; £c 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 gpm. gpm. gpm. gpm. gpm. gpm. gpm. —85 0.975 0.975 0.974 —80 974 974 973 —75 0.975 0.975 0.975 0.974 974 973 972 —70 974 974 974 .974 973 972 .969 —65 974 973 .973 972 971 .969 .964 —60 0.972 0.972 0.971 0.971 0.967 0.965 0.953 —55 971 .970 .969 .967 .962 955 .936 —50 .967 967 .966 .961 952 .940 .908 —45 .963 .960 957 951 935 917 864 —40 953 951 945 934 .908 879 803 —35 0.941 0.935 0.927 0.909 0.869 0.827 0.723 —30 921 911 .900 872 817 758 629 —25 .892 878 861 822 747 675 532 —20 851 833 808 758 .667 584 441 —15 799 4/5 743 .683 580 495 364 —10 0.735 0.706 0.669 0.601 0.495 0.416 0.304 —5 663 .630 590 .520 419 349 258 0 586 553 512 445 354 .296 225 * Harrison, L. P., unpublished manuscript. SMITHSONIAN METEOROLOGICAL TABLES TABLE 81 325 RATE OF CONDENSATION IN ASCENDING MOIST AIR* The rate of condensation per unit cross-section area in an adiabatically ascending shallow layer of saturated air may be expressed by Ree pat (1) where pa = partial density of dry air, Az = vertical thickness of the layer under consideration, Yw = saturation mixing ratio over water (g./g.), t= time, Rw = rate of condensation (rain stage). A similar equation can be obtained for the snow stage by replacing rw by r:, the saturation mixing ratio over ice. Fulks has shown that for a layer of air 100 meters thick (through which the density may be considered uniform) and ascending at a vertical velocity w, the rate of condensation Rw expressed in millimeters depth of water per hour can be written 780 dew ew 474 déw e= (tre) [4 ae he 266524 | w+re Yow (2) where €w = saturation vapor pressure over water (mb.), T = temperature, (°K.), ‘wv = saturated pseudoadiabatic lapse rate, rain stage, (°C./100 gpm.), w = vertical velocity (m. sec.”). Since rw is ordinarily small in comparison with unity, equation (2) for a vertical velocity of 1 meter 3 second is approximately Par 80 dew ba Cw Corresponding equations for R:, the rate of condensation in millimeters depth of water for the snow stage, are obtained by replacing ew by e:, the saturated vapor pressure over ice; yw by ys, the pseudoadiabatic lapse rate for the snow stage; rw by ri. Table 81 contains values of Rw» computed from equation (2) for a layer 100 meters thick having an upward motion of 1 meter per second. Values of Ri are shown in parentheses. When the rate of condensation in layers of other thickness or having dif- ferent vertical speeds is desired, select a mean value of Rw (or KR.) for each 100-meter layer, multiply by the appropriate vertical velocity in meters per second, and sum the results for the various layers. Or an approximate result may be obtained by selecting a mean Rw» (or Ri) for the whole layer and multiplying by the thickness in hundreds of meters and the upward speed in meters per second. It should be noted that modifications introduced by turbulent mixing, radiation and other nonadiabatic processes, and the effect of the air in sustaining the condensate, have been neglected. These effects must be considered in determining the rate of precipitation as actually observed at the ground. 1 Fulks, J. R., Month. Weath. Rev., vol. 63, p. 291, 1935. (continued) SMITHSONIAN METEOROLOGICAL TABLES 326 1050 mm. 0.02 .03 .05 .08 12 17 0.23 0.23 1.03 1.03 TABLE 81 (CONCLUDED) RATE OF CONDENSATION IN ASCENDING MOIST AIR 900 0.23 Rain stage * Pressure—millibars 850 mm. 0.02 (.01) * Values in parentheses refer to the snow stage. SMITHSONIAN METEOROLOGICAL TABLES 800 mm. 0.02 03 .05 .08 JZ .16 0.22 700 600 mm, 0.02 03 .05 .08 All 16 0.21 400 mm, 0.02 03 05 .08 All 15 0.19 TABLE 82 327 PRECIPITABLE WATER IN A SATURATED PSEUDOADIABATIC ATMOSPHERE If all the water vapor in a column of air were precipitated, the depth of water which would accumulate is defined as the depth of “precipitable water” of the column. The chart? below gives the precipitable water (inches) of a column between the 1000-mb. surface and any pressure surface aloft in a saturated pseudoadiabatic atmosphere (Table 78) as a function of the 1000-mb. temperature of the pseudoadiabat (pseudo-wet- bulb potential temperature, °C. or °F.). Altitude lines represent heights above the 1000-mb. surface in a pseudoadiabatic atmosphere. 1 Prepared by the Hydrometerological Section, U. S. Weather Bureau. TEMPERATURE °F 140320392464 536572 608 644 680 716 75.2 78.8 824 °F a5 = 10-4024 Sas CCAR So *c i) Bas ae : | sctuieag go MaMa aes FEERECOTTET pe Lo | IT eT TY] Bias Ca twas =e AMON Sse SCBA a CUNKCO CSRS TCOP ere er ere ae 300 it Poti CINUL ; AON n ee: SOT ness TT 3 11 . NIN LIES BAG NERY Geunesee=ee 5 7B0r aE 6 AERA IEE err eeT bi GAISCITrreSeTTD 8 soo HPRLCLEEH FEE ero eea meal TT] : SEER E EOE ETP a N a w uk ee erry joe HU ee 2 LAF i er ae aad eca? ABUL eFC SITS 7 LEE a | Ty 4 : Bi HEY Ey ] amy: ay oo HUTTE Tp ye eet ai MInTAy EG AMT ART (nn AnBRREGUURMUO : HH I ipinyimpseraaes BjAURBARBEEREGEREE Bai: CV EMTIPA¢ AP ANY G7 AUN AANGDOECABROLEOERRNAEUE yoo CLUTTERED TATOO Eee 0 0.5 1.0 15 2.0 2.5 3.0 3.5 4.0 4.5 5.0 PRECIPITABLE WATER (INCHES) TEMPERATURE °F 140 284 356 428 500 536 572 608 644 68.0 716 75.2 78.8 82.4 °F 700 *-10-6-2024 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 22 24 26 28 °C “6 3 i : a z 800 ix = fa r ns ca Bag i ia a = (ne Dotted curve shows — a | wlialliad). salt pressure at which O rez een ee al is attained by lifting eae 0.5 1.0 15 2.0 25 PRECIPITABLE WATER (INCHES) SMITHSONIAN METEOROLOGICAL TABLES 328 TABLE 83 LIFTING CONDENSATION LEVEL DATA Lifting condensation temperature.—If a parcel of air is lifted adiabatically to its condensation level with the potential temperature and the mixing ratio remaining constant, ree a age (1) 1 1 or log T ue log e=— ed Fer 2) (2) where T = initial temperature, °K., é = vapor pressure of the space at the initial temperature, T. = temperature at the condensation level, °K., €s0 = saturation vapor pressure at the temperature of the condensation level, B= Ue/ce, = 0.286) To find the lifting condensation temperature if the temperature and dew point at the 4 initial level are given, determine log T* corresponding to the temperature (°C.) at the initial level from part A of Table 83. In accordance with equation (2) subtract from this the value of log e corresponding to the initial dew-point temperature (°C.) as determined 1 from part B thus obtaining the difference, — log \¢,./T. 2). Enter part C with this difference as the tabular value. The corresponding argument is the condensation tem- perature (°C.). If the temperature and relative humidity at the initial level are given, (2) may be rewritten log (U/100) + log ea i) = log aes *) (3) where U is the “approximate” relative humidity’ and e, is the saturation vapor pressure at the initial temperature. To obtain the lifting condensation temperature determine the value of — log te, rt) corresponding to the initial temperature (°C.) from part C, add to this the. WG of — log (U/100) from part D. As shown by equation (3) the sum is — log ( as/Te 4 ) . Enter part C of the table with this sum as the tabular value. The corresponding argument is the condensation temperature (°C.). Lifting condensation pressure.—The corresponding condensation pressure po. may be obtained by means of Poisson’s equation ae ao i where @ is the potential temperature, °K. Values of p. may be computed with the aid of Table 77 which tabulates the function (Sy . A more rapid means of determining the lifting condensation pressure for processes occuring at potential temperatures of 302.16, 314.16, or 330.16 °K. is provided by part E. Introducing Poisson’s equation into equation (3) gives ce (U/100) + log { e/[ 0 ("| of los es o/[ 01 (Be)" ] * (5) where # is the pressure at the initial level. = that e, and es. are the saturation vapor pressures at the temperatures as given by the associated expressions inside the square 1U=e/es X 100. See Table 93 for definition of true relative humidity. (continued) SMITHSONIAN METEOROLOGICAL TABLES TABLE 83 (CONTINUED) 329 LIFTING CONDENSATION LEVEL DATA 1 brackets. Part E of Table 83 contains values of — log {es/ [ 6/ (3) | | ‘oe = 302.16, 314.16, 330.16 °K. as a function of p. To obtain the lifting condensation pressure, 1 ky k cites determine the value of — log e,/| 0/ ( ) | pat the initial pressure p and the potential temperature @ from part E, add to this the value of —log (U/100) from part D. 1 : ; : ky k As shown by equation (5) this sum is — log { eve/[ 07 (722) | }. Enter part E with this sum as the tabular value in the given potential temperature column. The cor- responding argument is the condensation pressure pc. 1 Tasie 83 A. log T * Tem ie, 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 i oS 459 8,212 —40 83279) "8272 0 °8.265 8.2594 8:252 8.246 8239 8232 8225 8.219 —30 8.342 8336 8330 8.323 8.317 8.311 8.304 8298 8.291 8.285 —20 8.403 8397 8.391 8.385 8.379 8.373 8367 8.361 8.355 8.349 —10 8.462 8.457 8451 8.445 8.439 8.433 8427 8421 8.415 8.409 — 0 8.519 8513 8508 8502 8.497 8.491 8485 8480 8.474 8.468 0 8.519 8524 8530 8536 8.541 8.546 8.552 8557 8.563 8.568 10 8.574 8579 8.584 8590 8.595 8.600 8605 8.611 8616 8.621 20 8.626 8.631 8.637 8.642 8.647 8.652 8.657 8.662 8.667 8.672 30 8.677. 8.682 8.687 8.692 8.697 $702" 8:707-) “S712 "S717 8.722 40 8.726 8.731 8.736 8.741 8.746 8.751 8755 8.760 8.765 8.769 50 8.774 Tem TABLE 83 B. log e aire! 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 Lt Oo B26f) = aot 107 —40 —0.723 —0.769 —0.814 —0.860 —0.907 —0.954 —1.002 —1.050 —1.098 —1.147 —30 —0.293 —0.335 —0.376 —0.418 —0.461 —0.503 —0.546 —0.590 —0.634 —0.678 —20 0.098 0.061 0.023 —0.016 —0.054 —0.093 —0.132 —0.172 —0.212 —0.253 —=1@ 0.457 0.422 0.388 0.352 0.317 0.281 0.245 0.209 0.173 0.136 a) 0.786 0.754 0.722 0.690 0.658 0.625 0.592 0.558 0.525 0.491 0 0.786 0.817 0.848 0.879 0.910 0.940 0.971 1.001 1.030 1.060 10 BOSD) Mets i147 |. S175: O:203 E252), (1259) 1-287 eh tSS esa 20 1.369 1.396 1.422 1.448 1.475 $500), 1.526 | 1.552) 35577) G03 30 1A FAS Wied 535i 6H gual lyf Peel be 6) T750. 774 798) SA ees 40 SGG >) Eset) O14 O37 1259 1.982 2.004 2.026 2.048 2.070 (continued) SMITHSONIAN METEOROLOGICAL TABLES 330 TABLE 83 (CONCLUDED) LIFTING CONDENSATION LEVEL DATA 1 Taste 83°C. —log(e./T “) Tem- aa 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 °C. —50 9.409 —40 9.002 9.041 9.080 9.119 9.159 9.200 9.241 9.282 9.324 9.366 —30 8.636 8.671 8.706 8.742 8.778 8.814 8.851 8.888 8925 8.963 —20 8.305 8337 8369 8.401 8.433 8.466 8.500 8.533 8.567 8.601 —10 8.006 8.034 8.063 8.092 8.122 8.152 8182 8.212 8.243 8.274 —0 1438, (7159 S780) 7812 *7,839 7.866 7.893 7.921 7.949 7.977 0 TABS Allin 1 OBL 1.050% Oak 7:606 5)Z88l0 7557 e08:532 9:%1508 10 7.485 7.461 7.438 7.414 7.391 7.369 7.346 7.324 7.301 7.279 20 FOS DLS, ALIA a Alo, olde ZASL 7131 ZA10. 5 7.090) 47020 30 7.050" 72030 7.010" "6990" “6.971 6.952 6.933 6.914 6.895 6.877 40 6.859 6.840 6.822 6.804 6.787 6.769 6.751 6.734 6.717 6.700 humid TABLE 83D. —log (U/100) ity % 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 90 0.046 0.041 0.036 0.032 0.027 0.022 0.018 0.013 0.009 0.004 80 097 092 086 081 .076 071 066 060 056 051 70 155.0 Wakao 043, «fAB7 4 181 125? Itok,.1143.6 wosifen 108 60 222 121s. 208 201. -.194 197 1800... A7at. 678. ites 50 401. 202 ek 1976" | 68 260 252 ag 237 ae 40 0.398 0.387 0.377 0.367 0.357 0.347 0.337 0.328 0.319 0.310 30 523 509 495 481 469 456 444 432 420 409 20 699 678 658 638 .620 602 585 569 553 538 10 1.000 959 921 886 854 824 796 770 745 721 0 _- 2.000 1.699 1.523 1.398 1.3018 1-222) 15055 1.097 8 1046 1 TARLES3 E. log{ eu/[ 07(200) " ‘ Pres- Potential Pres- Potential Pres- Potential sure temperature—’K. sure temperature—’°K, sure temperature—’K. mb. 302.16 314.16 330.16 mb. 302.16 314.16 330.16 mb. 302.16 314.16 330.16 1040 7.002 TOES Sle 7-293 500 8.477 8.167 7.795 1030 7.019 760 7.577 7.317 7.008 490 8.525 8.212 7.837 1020 7.035 750 7.603 7.342 7.031 480 8.574 8.258 7.880 1010 7.052 740 7.629 7.367 7.054 470 8.625 8.306 7.924 1000 7.069 730 7.656 7.392 7.078 460 8.677 8.355 7.970 990 7.087 720 7.684 7.418 7.102 450 8731 8.406 8.017 980 7.105 710 7.712 7.445 7.127 440 8786 8.458 8.066 970 7.123 700 7.741 7.472 7.152 . 430 8843 8512 8.116 960 7.141 690 7.770 7.500 7.177 420 8902 8568 8.168 950 7.160 680 7.800 7.528 7.203 410 8964 8626 8,222 940 7.178 670. - 7.831 Z:557." 7.230 400 9.027 8.686 8.277 930 7.198 660 7.862 7.586 7.257 390 9.093 8.748 8.335 920 7.217 650 7.894 7.616 7.285 380 9.161 8.812 8.395 910 7.237 640 7.927 7.647 7.314 370 9.232 8.879 8.457 900 7.257 7.016 630 7.960 7.679 7.343 360 9.305 8.948 8.521 890 7.277 7.036 620) 17/994 7-7 7873 350 9.382 9.020 8.589 880 7.298 7.055 610 8.029 7.744 7.403 340 9.095 8.658 870 7.319 7.075 600 8.065 7.778 7.435 330 9.174 8.731 860 7.340 7.095 590 8.102 7.812 7.467 320 9.256 8.807 850 7.362 7.116 580 8.140 7.848 7.500 310 9.341 8.887 840 7.384 7.136 570 8.178 7.884 7.533 300 9.431 8.970 830 7.407 7.158 560 8.218 7.921 7.568 290 9.058 820 7.430 7.179 550 8.258 7.959 7.603 280 9.149 810 7.453 7.201 540 8.300 7.999 7.640 270 9.246 800 7.477 7.224 530 8.342 8.039 7.677 260 9.347 790 7.501 7.246 520 8.386 8.080 7.715 250 9.454 780 7.526 7.269 510 8.431 8.123 7.755 SMITHSONIAN METEOROLOGICAL TABLES TABLES 84—92 331 THERMODYNAMIC PROPERTIES OF MOIST AIR All material contained in Tables 84-92 has been specially prepared for this volume by John A. Goff * and Serge Gratch.? The data are calculated on the basis of the Goff-Gratch formulation of the thermodynamic properties of air and water vapor. The basic references for this formulation are: 1. “Final Report of the Working Subcommittee of the International Joint Committee on Psychrometric Data,’ by J. A. Goff. Paper presented before the American Society of Mechanical Engineers, December 1948. Amer. Soc. Mech. Eng. Trans., vol. 71, 1949. 2. “Thermodynamic Properties of Moist Air,’ by J. A. Goff and S. Gratch, Trans. Amer. Soc. Heat. and Vent. Eng., vol. 51, pp. 125-128, 1945. Also: Heating, Piping & Air Conditioning, ASHVE Journal Section, vol. 17, pp. 334-348, 1945. 3. “Low Pressure Properties of Water from — 160 to 212 F,” by J. A. Goff and S. Gratch. Trans. Amer. Soc. Heat. and Vent. Eng., vol. 52, pp. 95-129, 1946. At the Toronto (1947) meetings of the International Meteorological Organization, the Aerological Commission, Subcommission on Physical Functions and Tables recommended * the adoption of “the most acceptable values of aerological constants and functions con- sistent with (a) present-day observational knowledge, (b) thermodynamic logic, and (c) theoretical and practical requirements of aerology.” It also recommended agreement with those values adopted by the Working Subcommittee of the International Joint Com- mittee on Psychrometric Data (see reference 1, above). With this in view, the Aerological Commission recommended the adoption of the Goff-Gratch formulation of the thermo- dynamic properties of air and water vapor. These recommendations were later approved by the I. M. O. Twelfth Conference of Directors (Washington, 1947). The formulation provides for a consistent and logical system for the values of the various thermodynamic parameters. In order to take into account the deviations of the density of air and water vapor from ideal gas laws, the compressibility factors C and Cy» were introduced into the respective equations of state (see Tables 84 and 91). The modi- fications in the saturation vapor pressure over water and ice due to the presence of air has been taken into account by the introduction of the factors fw and fi respectively (see Tables 89 and 90).* The unit of energy used throughout the discussion and tables to follow is the Inter- national Steam Tables calorie, ITcal. (see Introduction, p. 4). Equations and footnotes have been numbered consecutively in Tables 84-92 because of the frequent use of cross references. All computations were carried out in the University of Pennsylvania Thermodynamic Research Laboratory operated under contract with the Navy Department, Office of Naval Research. Relative humidity—For the purpose of thermodynamic analysis, moist air is to be regarded as a mixture of only two constituents, namely, dry air and water vapor. The mass of water vapor per unit mass of dry air is a convenient parameter in terms of which to express the relative composition of the mixture. This parameter is called the mixing ratio of the moist air and is denoted by the symbol r. At any pressure p and temperature T within certain limits,” moist air can coexist in neutral or metastable equilibrium, over a 1 Dean, Towne Scientific School, University of Pennsylvania; Director, University of Pennsylvania Thermodynamic Research Laboratory. 2 Assistant Professor of Mechanical Engineering, Towne Scientific School, University of Pennsylvania; Project Leader, University of Pennsylvania Thermodynamic Research Laboratory. 37. M. O. Aerological Commission, Doc. 25, Toronto, 1947. *See also Sheppard, P. A., The physical properties of air with reference to meteorological practice and air conditioning engineer. A paper presented before the American Society of Mechanical Engineers in December 1948, Amer. Soc. Mech. Eng. Trans., vol. 71, 1949, 5 At any given temperature T there is a lowest pressure P=ew(T) for saturation with respect to liquid, where ew(T) denotes the saturation pressure of pure water vapor with respect to liquid water. At and below this pressure, rw(p, T) ceases to exist and relative humidity, therefore, is not defined. At any given pressure p there is a highest temperature, namely, the solution of ew(T) =>, for saturation with respect to liquid water. At and above this temperature, rw(p, T) ceases to exist and relative humidity, therefore, is not defined. (continued) SMITHSONIAN METEOROLOGICAL TABLES 332 TABLES 84—92 (CONTINUED) THERMODYNAMIC PROPERTIES OF MOIST AIR relatively flat surface of separation, with an associated liquid phase. When capable of such coexistence, the moist air is said to be saturated with respect to liquid and its mixing ratio r assumes a definite value r~(p, 7) depending on the pressure p and temperature T. According to the redefinition, moist air at pressure p, temperature 7, and mixing ratio r is said to have relative humidity U, expressed decimally, U=r/re (1) Thermodynamic temperature—The Second Law of Thermodynamics asserts the existence of a universal temperature function T which, according to experimental and other evidence, is strictly proportional to the zero-pressure value of the pressure-volume product in the case of a gas or gas mixture. The relation (pv)° = R*T (2) where v denotes volume per mol and the superscript ° refers specifically to zero pressure, has come to be regarded as exact. For practical purposes, the so-called Kelvin scale may be defined by arbitrary assignment of the value 273.17 °K. to the triple point of pure ordinary water, the corresponding ice-point temperature being To= 273.16 °K. (3) In terms of the Kelvin degree (°K.) thus defined, the present best value of the universal gas constant R* is that recommended in 1941 by Birge,° namely, R* = 8.31436 & 10’ erg °K.* gmol.* (4) From the Kelvin scale T(°K.) is derived the so-called thermodynamic Celsius (centi- grade) scale ¢(°C.) through the relation, t= T—To (5) It departs from the scale of the platinum resistance thermometer, that is, from the inter- national Celsius scale, by at most 0.008 °C. in the range 0 to 100 °C.; and the departure itself is known in this range with an accuracy probably better than 0.002 °C. It is tem- perature on this thermodynamic Celsius scale that is used as independent argument in the tables to follow. TABLE 84 COMPRESSIBILITY FACTOR OF MOIST AIR (Further explanation on p. 331. See also p. 295.) The compressibility factor C of moist air is defined by‘ pu=C(1+1/e)RT, (6) where v is the volume of moist air per unit mass of dry air according to the Goff-Gratch formulation, € is the ratio of the molecular weight of water (M, = 18.016 g. gmol™) to the apparent molecular weight of dry air (M = 28.966 g. gmol”), namely, e = 0.62197; (7) and FR is the gas constant for dry air, namely, R= 0:28704X 10 ere eek = O.0097 < 105 I healeg ke (8) In Table 84 are listed values of compressibility factor C as a function of pressure , thermodynamic Celsius temperature ¢t, and relative humidity U. Linear interpolation is valid throughout the table. To aid interpolation, zero-pressure values for dry air (r=0) are listed in the column U = 0 even though relative humidity is not defined at this pressure (see footnote 5, p. 331). In the region covered by Table 84, the compressibility factor C lies between 1.0000 and 0.9956, which means that its departure from unity can safely be disregarded in rough calculations. ® Birge, R. T., Rev. Mod. Phys., vol. 13, pp. 233-239, 1941. ™Equaion (6) can also be written as p= p~/CRTv where p is the density of the moist air and Tv is its virtual temperature (see Table 72). (continued) SMITHSONIAN METEOROLOGICAL TABLES TABLE 84 (CONCLUDED) COMPRESSIBILITY FACTOR OF MOIST AIR Pres- pias Relative Pres- sure ture humidity sure mb. AG 0% mb. 0 1.0000 0 300 _yq9 (0.9988 300 700 0.9972 700 1100 0.9956 1100 0 1.0000 0 300 — 90 0.9990 300 700 0.9977 700 1100 0.9964 1100 0 1.0000 0 300 __ gy (0.9992 300 700 0.9981 700 1100 0.9970 1100 0 1.0000 0 300 _ 7) (0.9993 300 700 0.9984 700 1100 0.9975 1100 0 1.0000 0) 300 __ gq 0.9994 300 700 0.9987 700 1100 0.9979 1100 0 1.0000 0 300 __ gq (0.9995 300 700 0.9989 700 1100 0.9983 1100 0 1.0000 0 300 __ 4g (0.9996 300 700 0.9991 700 1100 0.9986 1100 0 1.0000 300 _ ay «0.9997 700 0.9993 1100 0.9988 0 1.0000 700 © 20 0004 1100 0.9990 0 1.0000 700 © —~ 10 9995 1100 0.9992 SMITHSONIAN METEOROLOGICAL TABLES Tem- pera- ture °C. 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 Relative humidity, % 25 0.9998 0.9996 0.9994 0.9999 0.9997 0.9995 0.9999 0.9997 0.9996 0.9999 0.9998 0.9997 0.9998 0.9998 0.9997 0.9998 0.9998 0.9997 0.9997 50 0.9998 0.9996 0.9994 0.9998 0.9997 0.9995 0.9998 0.9997 0.9996 75 0.9998 0.9996 0.9993 0.9998 0.9997 0.9995 0.9998 0.9997 0.9995 0.9997 0.9997 0.9996 0.9994 0.9996 0.9996 0.9993 0.9994 0.9988 0.9991 333 100 0.9998 0.9996 0.9993 0.9998 0.9996 0.9994 0.9997 0.9996 0.9995 0.9996 0.9996 0.9995 0.9992 0.9994 0.9995 0.9990 0.9992 0.9982 0.9987 334 TABLE 85 ENTHALPY RESIDUAL OF MOIST AIR (Further explanation on p. 331.) The enthalpy residual Ah of moist air is defined by =ZR] +B (r/o) (t+ 1354.74) | + Ah, (9) where h is the enthalpy of moist air per unit mass of dry air according to the Goff-Gratch formulation. The constant 1354.74 °C. is the numerical value of the quantity, eL.(0)/4R, where L.(0) is the latent heat of vaporization of water at 0 °C. (Table 92). In Table 85 are listed values of enthalpy residual Ah as a function of pressure p, tem- perature ¢, and relative humidity U. The unit of energy is the International Steam Tables calorie (ITcal.) defined in terms of the absolute watthour (whr) by the conversion factor, 860/1.00019 ITcal. whr™*, which is equivalent to 1 ITcal. = 4.18684 & 10° erg (10) making R= 0.068557 ITcal. °K.-* (gram dry air) (11) The enthalpy of moist air is a relative quantity subject to augmentation by amount A-++7rB, where A and B are constants that can be disposed of quite arbitrarily. For the present purpose, the residual Ah has arbitrarily been assigned the value zero at r=O, t=0 °C, p=0; the quantity Ah/r has arbitrarily been assigned the value zero at r=00, t=0 °C, p=ew(0) =6.1078 millibars in conformity with the usual steam tables practice. Linear interpolation is valid throughout Table 85. Below 0 °C. the dependence of enthalpy residual on relative humidity is entirely negligible. To aid interpolation, zero- pressure values for dry air (r =O) are listed in the column U =0 even though relative humidity is not defined at this pressure (see footnote 5, p. 331). In the region covered by Table 85, the enthalpy residual lies between — 0.20 and + 0.05 ITcal. (gram dry air)~, which means that it can safely be disregarded in rough calculations. (continued) SMITHSONIAN METEOROLOGICAL TABLES TABLE 85 (CONCLUDED) 335 ENTHALPY RESIDUAL OF MOIST AIR Unit of Ah: ITcal. (gram dry air) Tem- She + Tem- we. MES hugaay gure hin auire. Relative humidity, % mb. oh 0% mb. oC 0 25 50 75 100 0 0.05 0 0.00 300 1499 “(A000 300 g 002 0.02 -0.02 -—0.02 —0.02 700 —0.07 700 005». eZ0I0s-— 00s Mos. 0.05 1100 —0.14 1100 =(:07 4201075200704 0,07 4 -=0:07 0 0.04 0 0.00 $00 ehon. 1 000 300 yg 002 -002 -002 -0.02 0.02 700 —0.06 700 A eoioae: 2atus (20:08 3-20.05 1100 —0.12 1100 ehgig7? 22007" 907"! 2007" 2007 0 0.03 0 0.00 300 =_ gy ©6—0.01 300 229 Carty 002 his==O02rive 002 40.08 700 —0.06 700 20 004 —0.04 —0.04 -—0.04 —0.05 1100 hi 1100 E061 le 0G, 20.07, 20107. a a0:07; 0 0.03 0 0.00 300 = _ 7 —0.01 300 aapigne=oig2 “Zol02 0.03" “olds. 700 —0.05 700 30 0904 —0.04 —0.04 —0.04 —0.05 1100 —0.10 1100 40.06" 20.06.» 0.06'0" =0,06°" "0.07 0 0.02 0 0.00 300 _ gg «0.01 300 yy 0.02 0.01 —0.02 —0.04 —0.07 700 —0.05 700 S203: O08 e104 a. = 0.05 OIG 1100 —0.10 1100 219/05.) 2006. 006 006. <7 0 0.02 0 0.00 300 _ sy =—0.01 300 eg ©=—0.01 700 —0.05 700 =£0):03) 20103212004 ct=0.07o2 = O00 1100 —0.09 1100 £1005 qi95=20:0524 (0:06 per 0107 2050.09 0 0.01 0 0.01 300 _ gy 0.01 300 gq © —0.01 700 —0.05 700 29i02 WWi=20103). 40.06)... 02) = 0:20 1100 —0.09 1100 220104 9.220.04.. =0:06... 040) = 055 ia ge 3 0) 700. | 80 aI0s 1100 —0.08 300 ae 700 20. 20105 1100 —0.08 0 0.00 300 190 0.02 700 —0.05 1100 —0.08 SMITHSONIAN METEOROLOGICAL TABLES 336 TABLES 86 AND 87 ENTROPY RESIDUAL OF MOIST AIR (Further explanation on p. 331.) The entropy residual As of moist air is defined by s= Z RUloge (T/p*/") — 5.61010] + 4R(r/e) [loge (T/p*/*) + 1.15901] + R[(r/e) loge (r/e) — (1+ 1/e) loge (14 r/e)] + As, (12) where s is the entropy of moist air per unit mass of dry air according to the Goff-Gratch formulation. The constant 5.61010 is the numerical value of logeT ; the constant 1.15901 is that of the quantity, eL.(0)/4RT. — loge To + 4 loge ew (0), where ew (0) is the satura- tion pressure of water vapor with respect to liquid at 0 °C. In using (12) it is to be understood that absolute temperature is to be expressed in Kelvin degrees and pressure in millibars. In Table 86 are listed values of entropy residual As as a function of pressure p, tempera- ture ¢, and relative humidity U. The entropy of moist air, like its enthalpy, is a relative quantity subject to augmentation by amount A + 7rB, where A and B are constants that can be disposed of quite arbitrarily. For the present purpose, the residual As has arbi- trarily been assigned the value zero at r=0, t=0 °C., p=0; the quantity As/r has arbitrarily been assigned the value zero at r=00, t=0 °C.,, p=6.1078 millibars in conformity with the usual steam tables practice. Linear interpolation is valid throughout Table 86. Below 0 °C. the dependence of entropy residual on relative humidity is entirely negligible. To aid interpolation, zero- pressure values for dry air (r =O) are listed in the column U =0 even though relative humidity is not defined at this pressure (see footnote 5, p. 331). In the region covered by Table 86, the entropy residual lies between —0.00054 and +0.00023 ITcal. °K.“ (gram dry air), which means that it can be safely disregarded in rough calculations. The third line of (12) is the so-called mixing entropy sm of moist air per unit mass of dry air. It is a function of mixing ratio only and is represented as such in Table 87 since space limitations preclude the tabulation of it as a function of pressure, temperature, and relative humidity at close enough intervals for linear interpolation. SMITHSONIAN METEOROLOGICAL TABLES ENTROPY Unit of As: Tem- Pres pera- Relative Pres- sure ture humidity sure mb. nLGy 0% mb. 0 .00022 0 300 _49 _—-00001 300 700 —.00027 700 1100 —.00054 1100 0 .00018 0 300 _ oy «00001300 700 —.00023 700 1100 —.00046 1100 0 00015 0 300 80 .00000 300 700 mn —.00020 700 1100 —.00040 1100 0 .00012 0 300 __ 4) —.00001 300 700 —.00018 700 1100 — .00036 1100 0 .00010 0 300 __ gy —.00001 300 700 —.00017 700 1100 —.00032 1100 0 .00008 0 300 a7 00002 300 700 —.00016 700 1100 —.00029 1100 0 .00006 0 300 ages .00003 300 700 .00015 700 1100 —.00027 1100 0 .00004 300 __ 4 _—.00004 700 —.00015 1100 —.00026 0 .00002 300 __ 99 —.00005 700 —.00015 1100 —.00024 0 .00001 300 _ 49 —.00006 700 —.00014 1100 —.00023 SMITHSONIAN METEOROLOGICAL TABLES TABLE 86 337 RESIDUAL OF MOIST AIR Teal SKus (gram dry air)" Tem- ‘etka Relative humidity, % EC 0 25 50 75 100 .00000 0 —.00006 —.00006 —.00006 —.00006 —.00006 —.00014 —.00014 —.00014 —.00014 —.00014 —.00022 —.00022 —.00022 —.00022 —.00022 —.00001 10 —.00006 —.00006 —.00006 —.00006 —.00006 —.00013 —.00013 —.00013 —.00014 —.00014 —.00021 —.00021 —.00021 —.00021 —.00021 —.00001 20 —.00006 —.00006 —.00006 —.00006 —.00007 —.00013 —.00012 —.00013 —.00013 —.00013 —.00019 —.00019 —.00019 —.00020 —.00020 —.00001 30 —.00006 —.00005 —.00005 —.00007 —.00009 —.00012 —.00012 —.00012 —.00012 —.00014 —.00018 —.00018 —.00018 —.00019 —.00019 —.00001 40 —,.00005 —.00003 —.00004 —.00009 —.00016 —,.00010 —.00010 —.00011 —.00012 —.00016 —.00016 —.00016 —.00016 —.00018 —.00020 .00000 50 —.00004 —,.00009 —.00008 —.00010 —.00015 —.00022 —.00014 —.00014 —.00015 —.00018 —.00023 .00002 60 _ ‘0002 —.00007 —.00005 —.00011 —.00023 —.00041 —,.00012 —.00011 —.00014 —.00022 —.00032 338 rT g./g. 0 0.0005 .0010 .0015 .0020 0.0025 .0030 .0035 0040 .0045 0.0050 Sm 0 0.00045 .00082 .00116 00149 0.00180 .00210 .00238 .00267 .00294 0.00321 TABLE 87 MIXING ENTROPY OF MOIST AIR (Explanation on p. 336.) Unit. of Su: [Tcal. °K. (gram dry air)™ Sm 0.00321 .00373 .00424 .00473 .00520 0.00566 00612 .00656 .00699 00741 0.00783 .00824 .00864 .00904 00943 0.00982 .01020 01057 01094 01131 0.01167 01202 .01238 01272 .01307 0.01341 01375 .01408 01441 01474 0.01507 01539 01571 01602 .01634 0.01665 SMITHSONIAN METEOROLOGICAL TABLES Tr g./g. 0.040 045 Sm 0.01665 .01816 0.02371 02499 .02623 02745 .02863 0.02978 03091 .03201 03309 .03414 0.03518 03619 .03719 .03816 03912 0.04006 .04099 04190 .04280 04368 0.04454 04540 0.04869 04949 05027 Sm 0.05027 0533 .0562 0590 .0616 0.0641 .0665 TABLE 88 339 ISOBARIC SPECIFIC HEAT RESIDUAL OF MOIST AIR (Further explanation on p. 331.) The isobaric specific heat residual Acp of moist air is defined by a= R[1 +8 (r/e) | + dep, = 0.2399 + 0.4409r + Acp (13) where cp is derivable from the Goff-Gratch formulation by means of the identical rela- tion, cp—= (9h/0T)>»,-. Values are listed in Table 88 as a function of pressure ~, tempera- ture ¢t, and relative humidity U. In the range covered by this table the isobaric specific heat residual lies between —0.0009 and +-0.0068 ITcal. °K. (gram dry air)~. ISOBARIC SPECIFIC HEAT RESIDUAL OF MOIST AIR Unit of Acp: ITcal. °K. (gram dry air)™ Tem- 7 Tem- Saale eam eat Caen ee ee Relative humidity, % mb. or, 0% mb. cG. 0 25 50 75 100 0 —.0006 0 —.0002 300 —100 .0000 300 0 —.0001 —.0001 .0000 .0000 .0000 700 .0009 700 .0001 0001 .0001 .0001 .0002 1100 0017 1100 .0003 0003 .0003 .0003 .0003 0 —.0006 0 —.0001 300 — 90 —.0001 300 10 .0000 .0000 .0001 .0001 .0002 700 .0006 700 .0002 0002 + §8.0002 0002 .0003 1100 .0013 1100 .0004 0004 .0004 .0004 .0004 0 —.0006 0 .0000 300 — 30 —.0001 300 20 .0001 .0002 .0003 .0004 .0006 700 .0004 700 .0003 0003 .0003 .0004 .0005 1100 .0010 1100 .0004 0004 .0005 .0005 .0006 0 —.0005 0 .0001 300 7g) en 300 30 .0002 0004 .0006 .0010 .0014 700 .0003 700 .0003 .0004 .0005 .0007 .0008 1100 .0008 1100 .0005 0005 .0006 .0007 .0008 0 —.0005 0 .0002 300 = _ gg = —.0002 300 4g = 0003S: «0007 «0014 = 0023 .0035 700 .0002 700 .0004 0006 .0008 .0012 #.0016 1100 .0007 1100 .0006 0007 .0008 .0010 .0013 0 —.0005 0 .0004 300 _ 50 —.0002 300 50 .0004 700 0002 700 .0006 0009 .0015 .0023 .0032 1100 .0005 1100 .0007 0009 .0012 .0017 .0023 0 —.0005 0 0005 300 __ 4g ©=— 0002 300 69 ~~ .0006 700 .0001 700 .0007 0015 .0028 .0046 .0068 1100 .0004 1100 .0008 0013 .0020 .0030 .0043 0 —.0004 300 — 30 —.0002 700 .0001 1100 .0004 0 —.0004 300 = __ 49) —.0002 700 .0001 1100 .0003 0 —.0003 300 2/49 —.0001 700 .0001 1100 .0003 SMITHSONIAN METEOROLOGICAL TABLES 340 TABLES 89 AND 90 THE COEFFICIENTS f,, AND f, (Further explanation on p. 331.) Given values of pressure p, temperature ¢, and relative humidity U, it is necessary first to calculate the corresponding value of mixing ratio r from (1) before attempting to cal- culate those of volume v, enthalpy h, entropy s, and isobaric specific heat cy—all per unit mass of dry air—from (6), (9), (12), and (13), respectively. This obviously re- quires information regarding the saturation mixing ratio rw (p,T). The function fe(p,7T) is defined by Two fwew/(Pp — fuew), (14) where ¢w(7) is the saturation pressure of pure water vapor with respect to liquid. It may be well to mention that as pressure p approaches ew(7) from above at any tempera- ture the coefficient fw approaches unity. It is frequently necessary in other connections to have information regarding the mixing ratio of moist air at saturation with respect to ice, that is, regarding the function rs(p,T). Similarly, the auxiliary function f:(p,7) is defined by re = efies/(p — fies), (15) where e,(7) is the saturation pressure of pure water vapor with respect to ice. The coefficient f; approaches unity as pressure » approaches es(T) from above at any temperature. The Goff-Gratch formulation includes explicit expressions for the functions ew(7) and es(T) (see Tables 94-97). Values of the coefficients f. and f; calculated from the Goff-Gratch formulation are listed in Table 89 and Table 90, respectively. Within the ranges covered by these tables, fw lies between 1.0000 and 1.0065 while f, lies between 1.0000 and 1.0089. These departures from unity may be ascribed to three separate though not unrelated effects: (a) the effect of dissolved gases on the properties of the condensed phase, (b) the effect of pressure on the properties of the condensed phase, (c) the effect of intermolecular force (gas imper- fections) on the properties of the moist air itself. While it is true that these departures are small enough to be disregarded in rough calculations, it should be kept in mind that the error thus committed may well exceed the probable error of the saturation pressure data themselves. TABLE 89 THE COEFFICIENT f, Tem- Pressure—millibars tare 3 10 30 50 100 200 300 500 700 900 ii00 —50 1.0000 1.0001 1.0002 1.0003 1.0006 1.0012 1.0018 1.0030 1.0042 1.0053 1.0065 —40 1.0001 1.0001 1.0002 1.0003 1.0006 1.0011 1.0017 1.0027 1.0038 1.0049 1.0060 —30 1.0001 1.0001 1.0002 1.0003 1.0006 1.0011 1.0016 1.0026 1.0036 1.0046 1.0055 —20 1.0001 1.0002 1.0003 1.0004 1.0006 1.0011 1.0015 1.0024 1.0034 1.0043 1.0052 —10 1.0001 1.0002 1.0004 1.0005 1.0007 1.0011 1.0015 1.0024 1.0032 1.0041 1.0049 0 1.0002 1.0005 1.0006 1.0008 1.0012 1.0016 1.0024 1.0032 1.0040 1.0047 10 1.0010 1.0014 1.0018 1.0025 1.0032 1.0040 1.0047 20 1.0012 1.0016 1.0020 1.0027 1.0034 1.0041 1.0048 30 1.0023 1.0030 1.0037 1.0044 1.0050 40 1.0026 1.0034 1.0041 1.0048 1.0054 50 1.0037 1.0045 1.0052 1.0059 60 1.0048 1.0056 1.0064 SMITHSONIAN METEOROLOGICAL TABLES TABLE 90 34] THE COEFFICIENT f, Tem- Pressure—millibars - — SS ee te = 5 10, 30. 50100200 300 500 700 9001100 —100 1.0001 1.0001 1.0003 1.0005 1.0010 1.0020 1.0030 — 90 1.0000 1.0001 1.0003 1.0004 1.0009 1.0018 1.0027 1.0045 — 80 1.0000 1.0001 1.0002 1.0004 1.0008 1.0016 1.0024 1.0040 1.0057 1.0073 1.0089 — 70 1.0000 1.0001 1.0002 1.0004 1.0007 1.0015 1.0022 1.0036 1.0051 1.0066 1.0080 — 60 1.0000 1.0001 1.0002 1.0003 1.0007 1.0013 1.0020 1.0033 1.0046 1.0059 1.0073 — 50 1.0000 1.0001 1.0002 1.0003 1.0006 1.0012 1.0018 1.0030 1.0042 1.0054 1.0066 — 40 1.0001 1.0001 1.0002 1.0003 1.0006 1.0011 1.0017 1.0028 1.0039 1.0050 1.0061 — 30 1.0001 1.0001 1.0002 1.0003 1.0006 1.0011 1.0016 1.0026 1.0036 1.0046 1.0056 — 20 1.0001 1.0002 1.0003 1.0004 1.0006 1.0011 1.0015 1.0024 1.0034 1.0043 1.0052 — 10 1.0001 1.0002 1.0004 1.0005 1.0007 1.0011 1.0015 1.0024 1.0033 1.0041 1.0050 0 1.0002 1.0005 1.0006 1.0008 1.0012 1.0016 1.0024 1.0032 1.0040 1.0048 TABLE 91 PROPERTIES OF WATER VAPOR (Further explanation on p. 331.) The compressibility factor C, of water vapor is defined by Pv = C/Cokal, (19) where pv is its density according to the Goff-Gratch formulation, e is its pressure, and Ry, is the gas constant for water vapor, namely, Ry = 0.46150 & 10° ere > °K = 0.110226 ITcal. g.* °K.77 (20) Values of compressibility factor C, are listed in Table 91. The enthalpy, entropy, and isobaric specific heat residuals of water vapor are defined by the equations hy = 4R(t + 1354.74) a Ah. So =4R_[loge (T/e'/*) + 1.15901] +- Aso (21) Cov = 4Ry + Acpr = 0.4409 + Acov Each of these expressions is obtained from the corresponding one for moist air on dividing the latter through by mixing ratio r and then putting r=00. Clearly, therefore, hy denotes the enthalpy of water vapor per unit mass of water vapor, that is, specific enthalpy—and similarly for s» and Cp». Values of the above residuals are listed in Table 91 along with values of the compres- sibility factor C,. Linear interpolation is valid throughout. In the whole range covered by the table, namely, — 100 to 60 °C. by 0 to 199.26 millibars, the compressibility factor lies between 1.0000 and 0.9948, the enthalpy residual lies between —0.6 and + 0.4 ITcal. gm.* the entropy residual lies between — 0.0012 and + 0.0013 ITcal. g.7* °K.7 and the isobaric specific heat residual lies between + 0.0009 and + 0.0241 ITcal. g.* °K. As mentioned previously, values of the saturation pressure of water vapor with respect to liquid ew (7) and with respect to ice e:(T) as calculated from the Goff-Gratch forimu- lation appear in Tables 94-97. From the evidence currently available, extrapolation of the formula for ew(T) to obtain values of the saturation pressure with respect to undercooled liquid down to — 50 °C. appears to be justified pending further research. (continued) SMITHSONIAN METEOROLOGICAL TABLES 342 TABLE 91 (CONCLUDED) PROPERTIES OF WATER VAPOR C.=compressibility factor of water vapor, dimensionless, Ah, = enthalpy residual of water vapor, ITcal. g., As» = entropy residual of water vapor, ITcal. g.* °K.", Acp» = isobaric specific heat residual of water vapor, IT cal. g.7* °K.~* Tem Tem pera pera ture Vapor pressure—mb. ture Vapor pressure—mb. “(ox 0 e; OF °c 0 ey Om Cy 1.0000 1.0000 Cy 1.0000 .9999 9999 ==1100 Ah, aris xe a3 () Ah» 0 0 0 As» —.0004 —.0004 As» 0000 =©.0000 —.0001 Acpv .0009 .0009 Acpv 0020 .0025 .0027 Cy 1.0000 1.0000 Cy 1.0000 .9999 .9998 eas 90 Ahy —.1 —.1 ae () Ahy 0 0 0 As, —.0004 —.0004 As» 0001 .0000 .0000 Acov .0010 .0010 Aco» 0023 .0032 .0034 Cy 1.0000 1.0000 Cy 1.0000 .9997 .9997 ely 80 Ah, 0 axe’ 10 Ah» ali 0 0 As, —.0003 —.0003 As» 0002 .0000 .0000 Acpv 0011 0011 Acov 0027 .0042 = .0043 Cy 1.0000 1.0000 C. 1.0000 .9995 .9995 pa 70 Ahy 0 0 0 Ahy ali 0 0 Asy —.0003 —.0003 As» .0003 .0000 .0000 Acpv .0012 0012 Acov 0031 .0056 .0056 Cy 1.0000 1.0000 €.. 1.0000 9992 ah) Ahy 0 0 10 Ah» zl 0 As» —.0002 —.0002 ASy .0004 .0000 Acov .0014 0014 Aco .0036 .0073 Cy 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 Cy 1.0000 .9988 65s 50 Ah» 0 0 0 20 Ah» “2 —.1 As, —.0001 —.0002 —.0002 As» .0005 —.0001 Acpv 0015 0017 .0017 Acpv 0041 .0094 Cy 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 Cy 1.0000 .9982 wey 40 Ah» 0 0 0 30 Ahy Zz —.1 As» —.0001 —.0001 —.0001 As» .0007 —.0003 Acpv .0017 .0020 0021 Acav 0047 0121 Temperature Vapor pressure—mb. 2c; 0 50 100 150 ew Go. 1200005) 29982 9973 40 Ah, 3) —.l —2 As» 0009 ~=—.0000 —.0005 Aca, * 0054 ~ 20119 .0153 Cy 1.0000 .9985 .9969 .9962 50 Ah» 9) 0 —.3 —.4 As» 0011 .0003 —.0004 —.0008 Acpv 0061 .0111 .0166 0193 Cy 1.0000 .9987 9974 .9961 .9948 60 Ah, 4 all =, ——s ae As» 0013 =.0007 —.0001 —.0006 —.0012 Acpe -.0069. 20103) 0150 O195=" 0241 SMITHSONIAN METEOROLOGICAL TABLES TABLE 92 343 PROPERTIES OF CONDENSED WATER, LATENT AND SPECIFIC HEATS (Further explanation on p. 331.) In Table 92 are listed values of the isobaric specific heats cx and Cw of solid (ice) and liquid water, respectively. In order to obtain those of cx. below 0 °C. it was necessary to extrapolate the Goff-Gratch formula for ew(T) and the Smith-Keyes liquid volume data.® Only the former extrapolation contributes appreciable uncertainty to the results, but the. justification for relying upon it pending further research has been discussed elsewhere.® In Table 92 are also listed values of the pressure derivative of cw, namely, (9c./9p)r above 0 °C. No attempt has been made to calculate values for temperatures below 0 °C. because of the uncertainty of present knowledge regarding cw itself at these temperatures. In Table 92 are also listed values of the latent heats of vaporization, fusion, and sub- limation as calculated from the Goff-Gratch formulation. Values for undercooled liquid are consistent with and, therefore, subject to the same extrapolation uncertainties as are the values of cw. PROPERTIES OF CONDENSED WATER, LATENT AND SPECIFIC HEATS cs =specific heat of ice, IT cal. g.* °K.7, Cw =specific heat of water, ITcal. g.* °K.", (9cw/Op)r =pressure derivative of cw at constant temperature, 10° ITcal. g* °K. mb.", » latent heat of vaporization of water, ITcal. g.7, Ly =latent heat of fusion of water, ITcal. g.7, L,=Iatent heat of sublimation of water, ITcal. g.7 Tem pera ture SG: Or Ce (0c,,/OP) n Lv Lr Ls —100 0.330 674.4 — 90 346 675.4 — 80 363 676.3 — 70 .380 677.0 — 60 397 677.5 — 50 415 ils} 629.3 48.6 677.9 — 40 433 1.14 621.7 56.3 678.0 — 30 450 1.08 615.0 63.0 678.0 — 20 468 1.04 608.9 69.0 677.9 — 10 485 1.02 603.0 74.5 677.5 0 503 1.0074 597.3 79.7 677.0 0 1.0074 0.9 597.31 5 1.0037 8 594.5 10 1.0013 8 591.7 15 0.9998 aif 588.9 20 9988 a7, 586.0 25 9983 il 583.2 30 9980 a7; 580.4 35 .9979 6 577.6 40 .9980 6 574.7 45 .9982 6 571.9 50 9985 6 569.0 55 .9989 6 566.1 60 .9994 6 563.2 8 Smith, L. B., and Keyes, F. G., Proc. Amer. Acad. Arts and Sci., vol. 69, pp. 285-314, 1934. ® Goff, J. A., Final report of the Working Subcommittee of the International Joint Committee on Psychrometric Data. A paper presented before the American Society of Mechanical Engineers in December 1948, Amer. Soc. Mech. Eng. Trans., vol. 71, 1949. SMITHSONIAN METEOROLOGICAL TABLES CL sort ve WERT BLSIE, ge a) rier futGh | ab tomphu lesion ob nkebalililinn J lena nak Ae sly } Ie mabseutt bes. eRe “an Section VII HYGROMETRIC AND PSYCHROMETRIC TABLES 345 / ii OY ye be } ae 2 4¢3 B; } x ’ g a 4, Peel i : - ‘ Veen tree eO ty a ve ssa : as a i like AM TABLE 93 347 DEFINITIONS AND SPECIFICATIONS OF WATER VAPOR IN THE ATMOSPHERE? The Conference of Directors, International Meteorological Organization, Washington, 1947, decided to adopt the following definitions and specifications of the parameters of water vapor in the atmosphere: (1) The mixing ratio r of moist air is the ratio of the mass m» of water vapor to the mass a of dry air with which the water vapor is associated. (== My/Ma (2) The specific humidity, mass concentration or moisture content q of moist air is the ratio of the mass m» of water vapor to the mass (m, + ma) of moist air in which the mass of water vapor m» is contained. q= Mo Mo aL Ma (3) Vapor concentration (density of water vapor in a mixture) or absolute humidity.— For a mixture of water vapor and dry air the vapor-concentration d» is defined as the ratio of the mass of vapor my, to the volume V’ occupied by the mixture. dy = a (4) The vapor pressure e’ of water vapor in moist air at total pressure » and with mixing ratio r is defined by: e’ See een oh 0.62197 +-r (5) Saturation—Moist air at temperature T and at total pressure p is said to be satu- rated if its composition is such that it can coexist in neutral equilibrium with a plane surface of pure condensed phase (water or ice) at the same temperature and pressure. (6) Saturation mixing ratio—The symbol r. denotes saturation mixing ratio of moist air with respect to a plane surface of pure water. The symbol r: denotes saturation mixing ratio of moist air with respect to a plane surface of pure ice. (7) Saturation vapor pressure in the pure phase—The saturation vapor pressure ew of pure aqueous vapor with respect to water is the pressure of the vapor when in a state of neutral equilibrium with a plane surface of pure water at the same temperature and pressure; similarly for e; in respect to ice. @w and e: are tempera- ture-dependent functions only; i.e. Cat) Gu1(ly) a= e.(T) (8) Saturation vapor pressure of moist air—The saturation vapor pressure with respect to water e’» of moist air at pressure p and temperature T is defined by: Two a “ WeIo7sere Similarly, the saturation vapor pressure with respect to ice e's of moist air at pressure p and temperature T is defined by: rt —————————— +> aeatoy sae, (9) Relations between saturation vapor pressures of pure phase and of moist air.— In the meteorological range of pressure and temperature the following relations hold with an error of 0.5 percent or less:? Cte = @w Cn et (10) The thermodynamic dew-point temperature Taz of moist air at temperature T, pressure » and mixing ratio 7 is the temperature to which the air must be cooled in order that it shall be saturated with respect to water at the initial pressure and mixing ratio r. 1 Resolution 166, International Meteorological Organization, Conference of Directors, Washington, 1947, 2See Tables 89 and 90 for the exact relationship. (continued) SMITHSONIAN METEOROLOGICAL TABLES 348 (11) (12) (13) (14) (15) TABLE 93 (CONTINUED) DEFINITIONS AND SPECIFICATIONS OF WATER VAPOR IN THE ATMOSPHERE The thermodynamic frost-point temperature 7; of moist air at temperature T, pressure p and mixing ratio r is the temperature to which the air must be cooled in order that it shall be saturated with respect to ice at the initial pressure p and mixing ratio 7, The dew- and frost-point temperatures, so defined, are related with the mixing ratio and total pressure p by the respective equations: glace LA Coa enuyeae z 0.62197 Lr? * The relative humidity U (in percent) of moist air is defined by: U=100 ~ wo where r is the mixing ratio of moist air at pressure p and temperature T and rw the saturation mixing ratio at the same pressure and temperature. Note.—At the Philadelphia meeting (May 6, 1950) of the International Joint Committee on Psychrometric Data, resolutions were adopted giving definitions of relative humidity different from the above. These may be paraphrased as follows: (a) In regard to a mixture of air and water vapor under given conditions of barometric pressure and temperature at which saturation of air is possible, relative humidity is the ratio of the mol fraction of water vapor in the mixture to the mol fraction of water vapor in a mass of air saturated with water vapor at the given barometric pressure and temperature. (b) In regard to a mixture of air and water vapor or a sample of pure water vapor unad- mixed with any other substance under given conditions of barometric pressure and temperature at which saturation is impossible, relative humidity is the ratio of the partial pressure of water vapor in the mixture or sample to the saturation pressure of pure water at the given tempera- ture. The Committee adopted (b) subject to verification. The mol fraction of water vapor in any mixture is the number of mols, or molecules, of water vapor in the mixture divided by the total number of mols, or molecules, of all constituents in the mixture. | pie r Mol fraction of water vapor = SEI Gaaaay! SL Gama) Relative humidity at temperatures less than 0°C. is to be evaluated with respect to water. The advantages of this procedure are as follows: (a) Most hygrometers which are essentially responsive to the relative humidity indicate relative humidity with respect to water at all temperatures. (b) The majority of clouds at temperatures below 0 °C. consist of water, or mainly of water. (c) Relative humidities greater than 100 percent would in general not be ob- served. This is of particular importance in synoptic weather messages, since the atmosphere is often supersaturated with respect to ice at temperatures below 0 °C. (d) The majority of existing records of relative humidity at temperatures below 0 °C. are expressed on a basis of saturation with respect to water. * The thermodynamic wet-bulb temperature 7. of moist air at pressure p, tempera- ture T and mixing ratio r is the temperature which this air assumes when water is introduced gradually by infinitesimal amounts at the current temperatures and evaporated into the air by an adiabatic process at constant pressure until saturation is reached. Tw is determined by the equation Ly(Tw) _ Cov — Cw log Cp + Coor L.(T) Cov Cp + Crew (Tw) e'4(T1) = log where: L.(T) = heat of vaporization of water at temperature T, L.(Tw) = heat of vaporization of water at temperature Tw, Cw == specific heat of liquid water, rw({Tw) = saturation mixing ratio with respect to water at pressure p and temperature Tw, Cp = specific heat of dry air at constant pressure, and Cov = specific heat of water vapor at constant pressure. cts Cp and Cpo are assumed to be independent of temperature in the interval T. to mikes (continued) SMITHSONIAN METEOROLOGICAL TABLES TABLE 93 (CONCLUDED) 349 DEFINITIONS AND SPECIFICATIONS OF WATER VAPOR IN THE ATMOSPHERE The relationship between T. as defined and the wet-bulb temperature as indicated by a particular psychrometer is a matter to be determined by carefully controlled experiment, taking account of the various parameters concerned; e.g., ventilation, size of thermometer bulb, radiation, etc.° (16)* The thermodynamic equivalent temperature 7. of moist air at pressure Pp, temperature T and mixing ratio r, is the temperature which the air assumes by means of adiabatic condensation at constant pressure of all the water vapor which it contains, the condensed water falling out of the system immediately. T. is determined by the equation Gite) sates —I6 ( Cov ea aeryiie ores, # ues 1+ 100 °C., which were computed from Keyes? formula: logwew (mm. of mercury) = — 2892.3693/T — 2.892736 logiT — 4.9369728 & 10°°T + 5.606905 x 10°T? — 4.645869 & 10°T* +L 3.7874 & 10°" T* + 19.3011421. The small difference between ew and e at 0 °C. (32 °F.) arises from the fact that the triple point for water is 0.01 °C. 1 Goff, J. A., and Gratch, S., Trans. Amer. Soc. Heat. and Vent. Eng., vol. 52, p. 95, 1946. Also see Tables 84-92. 2 Keyes, F. G., Journ. Chem. Phys., vol. 15, No. 8, pp. 602-12, 1947. SMITHSONIAN METEOROLOGICAL TABLES TABLE 94 351 SATURATION VAPOR PRESSURE OVER WATER (Explanation on p. 350.) ae Metric units fe 0 “) 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 ASL mb. mb. mb. mb. mb. mb. mb. mb. mb. mb. —50 0.06356 —49 0.07124 0.07044 0.06964 0.06885 0.06807 0.06730 0.06654 0.06578 0.06503 0.06429 —48 0.07975 0.07886 0.07797 0.07710 0.07624 0.07538 0.07453 0.07370 0.07287 0.07205 —47 0.08918 0.08819 0.08722 0.08625 0.08530 0.08435 0.08341 0.08248 0.08156 0.08065 —46 0.09961 0.09852 0.09744 0.09637 0.09531 0.09426 0.09322 0.09220 0.09118 0.09017 —45 0.1111 0.1099 0.1087 0.1075 0.1063 0.1052 0.1041 0.1030 0.1018 0.1007 —44 0.1239 0.1226 0.1213 0.1200 0.1187 0.1174 0.1161 0.1149 0.1136 0.1123 —43 0.1379 0.1364 0.1350 0.1335 0.1321 0.1307 0.1293 0.1279 0.1266 0.1252 —42 0.1534 0.1518 0.1502 0.1486 0.1470 0.1455 0.1440 0.1424 0.1409 0.1394 —4l1 0.1704 0.1686 0.1669 0.1651 0.1634 0.1617 0.1600 0.1583 0.1567 0.1550 —40 0.1891 0.1872 0.1852 0.1833 0.1815 0.1796 0.1777 0.1759 0.1740 0.1722 —39 0.2097 0.2076 0.2054 0.2033 0.2013 0.1992 0.1971 ~ 0.1951 0.1931 0.1911 —38 0.2323 0.2299 0.2276 0.2253 0.2230 0.2207 0.2185 0.2162 0.2140 0.2119 —37 0.2571 0.2545 0.2520 0.2494 0.2469 0.2444 0.2419 0.2395 0.2371 0.2347 —36 0.2842 0.2814 0.2786 0.2758 0.2730 0.2703 0.2676 0.2649 0.2623 0.2597 —35 0.3139 0.3108 0.3077 0.3047 0.3017 0.2987 0.2957 0.2928 0.2899 0.2870 —34 0.3463 0.3429 0.3396 0.3362 0.3330 0.3297 0.3265 0.3233 0.3201 0.3170 —33 0.3818 0.3781 0.3745 0.3708 0.3673 0.3637 0.3602 0.3567 0.3532 0.3497 —32 0.4205 0.4165 0.4125 0.4085 0.4046 0.4007 0.3968 0.3930 0.3893 0.3855 —31 0.4628 0.4584 0.4541 0.4497 0.4454 0.4412 0.4370 0.4328 0.4287 0.4246 —30 0.5088 0.5040 0.4993 0.4946 0.4899 0.4853 0.4807 0.4762 0.4717 0.4672 —29 0.5589 0.5537 0.5485 0.5434 0.5383 0.5333 0.5283 0.5234 0.5185 0.5136 —28 0.6134 0.6077 0.6021 0.5966 0.5911 0.5856 0.5802 0.5748 0.5694 0.5642 —27 0.6727 0.6666 0.6605 0.6544 0.6484 0.6425 0.6366 0.6307 0.6249 0.6191 —26 0.7371 0.7304 0.7238 0.7172 0.7107 0.7042 0.6978 0.6914 0.6851 0.6789 —25 0.8070 0.7997 0.7926 0.7854 0.7783 0.7713 0.7643 0.7574 0.7506 0.7438 —24 0.8827 0.8748 0.8671 0.8593 0.8517 0.8441 0.8366 0.8291 0.8217 0.8143 —23 0.9649 0.9564 0.9479 0.9396 0.9313 0.9230 0.9148 0.9067 0.8986 0.8906 —22 1.0538 1.0446 1.0354 1.0264 1.0173 1.0084 0.9995 0.9908 0.9821 0.9734 —21 1.1500 1.1400 1.1301 1.1203 1.1106 1.1009 1.0913 1.0818 1.0724 1.0631 —20 1.2540 1.2432 1.2325 1.2219 1.2114 1.2010 1.1906 1.1804 1.1702 1.1600 —19 1.3664 1.3548 1.3432 1.3318 1.3204 1.3091 1.2979 1.2868 1.2758 1.2648 —18 1.4877 1.4751 1.4627 1.4503 1.4381 1.4259 1.4138 1.4018 1.3899 1.3781 —17 1.6186 1.6051 1.5916 1.5783 1.5650 1.5519 1.5389) ©.1.5259 | 1.51314" 1.5003 —16 1.7597 1.7451 1.7306 1.7163 1.7020 1.6879 1.6738 1.6599 1.6460 1.6323 —15 1.9118 1.8961 1.8805 1.8650 1.8496 1.8343 1.8191 1.8041 1.7892 1.7744 —14 2.0755 2.0586 2.0418 2.0251 2.0085 1.9921 1.9758 1.9596 1.9435. 1.9276 —13 2.2019) © 2.2306" 2.2003 2.1973 2.1795 2.1619 2.1444 2.1270 2.1097 2.0925 —12 2.4409 2.4213 2.4019 2.3826 2.3635 2.3445 2.3256 2.3069 2.2883 2.2698 —I1 2.6443 2.6233 2.6024 2.5817 2.5612 2.5408 2.5205 2.5004 2.4804 2.4606 —10 2.8627 2.8402 2.8178 2.7956 2.7735 2.7516 2.7298 2.7082 2.6868 2.6655 —9 3.0971 3.0729 3.0489 3.0250 3.0013 2.9778 2.9544 2.9313 2.9082 2.8854 — 8 3.3484 © 3.3225" 3.2967'°3.2711 23.2457 3.2205 3.1955 3.1706 3.1459 3.1214 —7 3.6177 3.5899 3.5623 3.5349 3.5077 3.4807 3.4539 3.4272 3.4008 3.3745 — 6 3.9061 3.8764 3.8468 3.8175 3.7883 3.7594 3.7307 3.7021 3.6738 3.6456 —5 4.2148 4.1830 4.1514 4.1200 4.0888 4.0579 4.0271 3.9966 3.9662 3.9361 — 4 4.5451 4.5111 4.4773 4.4437 4.4103 4.3772 4.3443 4.3116 4.2791 4.2468 — 3 4.8981 4.8617 4.8256 4.7897 4.7541 4.7187 4.6835 4.6486 4.6138 4.5794 —2 DiZ(53)) Oi 2d04.)65:1979.9 5.1595)" 5.1214 5.0836 5.0460 5.0087 4.9716 4.9347 — 1 5.6780 5.6365 5.5953 5.5544 5.5138 5.4734 5.4333 5.3934 5.3538 5.3144 0 6.1078 6.0636 6.01% 5.9759 5.9325 5.8894 5.8466 5.8040 5.7617 5.7197 (continued) SMITHSONIAN METEOROLOGICAL TABLES 352 TABLE 94 (CONTINUED) SATURATION VAPOR PRESSURE OVER WATER Tem rea 0 1 2 3 il OF mb. mb. mb. mb. 6.1078 6.1523 6.1971 6.2422 6.5662 6.6137 6.6614 6.7095 7.0547 7.1053 7.1562 7.2074 75P580 7629) 7.6833") 77379 8.1294 8.1868 8.2445 8.3026 0 1 2 3 4 5 87192 8.7802 8.8416 8.9033 6 9.3465 9.4114 9.4766 9.5423 Zo. 10:013)). (10082. (10151, & 10:22) 8 10.722 10.795 10869 10.943 OF) 11.474" S527 -9111.63000115708 1031. A22722) AZ355)) (12438) 9) 12.521 TY 139 0 1S:207 5, ih 3:295) . 13:383 12 14017 14110 14.203 14.297 13. 14.969 15.067 15.166 15.266 14915.977)5 116.081) 16.186, 16.291 15 17.044 17.154 17.264 17.376 16 18.173 18.290 18407 18.524 17 19.367 19.490 19.614 19.739 18 20.630 20.760 20.891 21.023 19 21.964 22.101 22.240 22.379 20 23.373 23.518 23.664 23.811 21 24861 25.014 25.168 25.323 22 26.430 26.592 26.754 26.918 23 28.086 28.256 28.428 28.600 24 29.831 30.011 30.191 30.373 25 031.671.131.860), 932.050): 32:242 26 33.608 33.807 34.008 34.209 27 35.649 35.859 36.070 36.282 28 37.796 38.017 38.239 38.462 29 40.055 40.287 40.521 40.755 30 42.430 42.674 42.919 43.166 31 44.927 45.184 45.442 45.701 32 47.551 47.820 48.091 48.364 33 50.307 50.590 50.874 51.160 34 53.200 53.497 53.796 54.096 35 56.236 56.548 56.861 57.176 36 59.422 59.749 60.077 60.407 37 62.762 63.105 63.450 63.796 38 66.264 66.623 66.985 67.347 39 69.934 70.310 70.688 71.068 40 73.777 74171 74.568 74.966 41 77.802 78.215 78.630 79.046 42 82.015 82.447 82.881 83.316 43 86.423 86.875 87.329 87.785 44 91.034 91.507 91.981 92.458 45 95.855 96.349 96.845 97.343 46 100.89 101.41 101.93 102.45 47 106.16 106.70 107.24 107.78 48 111.66 112.22 112.79 113.36 49 117.40 117.99 118.58 119.17 50 123.40 12401 124.63 125.25 SMITHSONIAN METEOROLOGICAL TABLES Metric units 4 mb. 6.2876 6.7579 7.2590 7.7928 8.3610 8.9655 9.6083 10.291 11.017 11.787 12.606 13.472 14.391 15.365 16.397 17.487 18.643 19.864 21.155 22.518 23.959 25.479 27.082 28.773 30.555 32.434 34.411 36.495 38.686 40.991 43.414 45.961 48.637 51.447 54.397 57.492 60.739 64.144 67.712 71.450 75.365 79.465 83.754 88.243 92.937 97.844 102.97 108.33 113.93 119.77 125.87 5 mb. 6.3333 6.8066 7.3109 7.8480 8.4198 9.0280 9.6748 10.362 11.092 11.867 12.690 13.562 14.486 15.466 16.503 17.600 18.762 19.990 21.288 22.659 24.107 25.635 27.247 28.947 30.739 32.627 34.615 36.709 38.911 41.228 43.663 46.223 48.912 51.736 54.700 57.810 61.072 64.493 68.078 71.833 75.767 79.885 84.194 88.703 93.418 98.347 103.50 108.88 114.50 120.37 126.49 (continued) 6 mb. 6.3793 6.8556 7.3631 7.9036 8.4789 9.0909 9.7416 10.433 11.168 11.947 12.775 13.652 14.581 15.567 16.610 17.713 18.882 20.117 21.422 22.800 24.256 25.792 27.413 29.122 30.923 32.821 34.820 36.924 39.137 41.466 43.913 46.486 49.188 52.026 55.004 58.129 61.407 64.844 68.446 72.218 76.170 80.307 84.636 89.165 93.901 98.852 104.03 109.43 115.07 120.97 127.12 wy mb. 6.4256 6.9049 7.4157 7.9595 8.5384 9.1542 9.8089 10.505 11.243 12.027 12.860 13.742 14.678 15.669 16.718 17.827 19.002 20.244 21.556 22.942 24.406 25.950 27.580 29.298 31.109 33.016 35.025 37.140 39.365 41.705 44.165 46.750 49.466 52.317 55.310 58.450 61.743 65.196 68.815 72.605 76.575 80.731 85.079 89.629 94.386 99.359 104.56 109.98 115.65 121.57 127.75 8 mb. 6.4721 6.9545 7.4685 8.0158 8.5983 9.2179 9.8765 10.577 11.320 12.108 12.946 13.833 14.774 15.771 16.826 17.942 19.123 20.372 21.691 23.085 24.557 26.109 27.748 29.475 31.295 33.212 35.232 37.358 39.594 41.945 44.418 47.016 49.745 52.610 55.617 58.773 62.081 65.550 69.186 72.994 76.982 81.157 85.525 90.095 94.874 99.869 105.09 110.54 116.23 122.18 128.38 9 mb. 6.5190 7.0044 7.5218 8.0724 8.6586 9.2820 9.9446 10.649 11.397 12.190 13.032 13.925 14.871 15.874 16.935 18.057 19.245 20.501 21.827 23.229 24.709 26.269 27.916 29.652 31.483 33.410 35.440 37.576 39.824 42.187 44.672 47.283 50.025 52.904 55.926 59.097 62.421 - 65.906 69.559 73.385 77.391 81.585 85.973 90.564 95.363 100.38 105.62 111.10 116.81 122.79 129.01 TABLE 94 (CONCLUDED) 353 SATURATION VAPOR PRESSURE OVER WATER Metric units Tem ae 0 4 2 & 4 5 6 7 8 9 on mb. mb. mb. mb. mb, mb. mb. mb. mb. mb. 50 123.40 124.01 124.63 125.25 125.87 126.49 127.12 127.75 128.38 129.01 51 129.65 130.29 130.93 131.58 132.23 132.88 133.53 134.19 134.84 135.51 52 136.17 136.84 137.51 138.18 138.86 139.54 140.22 140.91 141.60 142.29 53 142.98 143.68 144.38 145.08 145.78 146.49 147.20 147.91 148.63 149.35 54 150.07 150.80) 151:53. 152.26 »152.99,° .153.73). 154.47 > 155.21 155.96 156.71 55 157.46 158.22 158.97 159.74 160.50 161.27 162.04 162.82 163.59 164.38 56 165.16 165.95 166.74 167.53 168.33 169.13 169.93 170.74 171.55 172.36 57 173.18 174.00 174.82 175.65 176.48 177.31 178.15 178.99 179.83 180.68 58 181.53 182.38 183.24 184.10 184.96 185.83 186.70 187.58 188.45 189.34 59 190.22 191.11 192.00 192.89 193.79 194.69 195.60 196.51 197.42 198.34 60 199.26 200.18 201.11 202.05 202.98 203.92 204.86 205.81 206.76 207.71 61 208.67 209.63 210.59 211.56 21253 213.51 214.49 215.48 216.46 217.45 62 218.45 219.45 220.45 221.46 222.47 223.48 224.50 225.52 226.54 227.58 63 228.61 229.65 230.70 231.74 232.79 233.85 234.91 235.97 237.03 238.11 64 239.18 240.26 241.34 242.43 243.52 244.62 245.72 246.82 247.93 249.04 65 250.16 251.28 252.41 253.54 254.67 255.81 256.95 258.10 259.25 260.40 66 261.56 262.73 263.90 265.07 266.25 267.43 268.61 269.80 271.00 272.20 67 273.40 274.61 275.82 277.04 278.26 279.49 280.72 281.96 283.20 284.45 68 285.70 286.96 288.21 289.48 290.75 292.02 293.30 294.58 295.86 297.15 69 298.45 299.75 301.06 302.37 303.69 305.01 306.34 307.67 309.00 310.34 70 311.69 313.04 314.39 315.75 317.12 318.49 319.87 321.25 322.63 324.02 71 325.42 326.82 328.22 329.63 331.05 332.47 333.89 335.33 336.76 338.20 72 339.65 341.10 342.56 344.03 345.50 346.97 348.45 349.93 351.42 352.91 73 354.41 355.91 357.43 358.94 360.46 361.99 363.52 365.06 366.61 368.15 74 369.71 371.27 372.84 374.41 375.99 377.57 379.16 380.75 382.35 383.95 75 385.56 387.18 388.80 390.43 392.06 393.70 395.34 396.99 398.65 400.31 76 401.98 403.65 405.34 407.02 408.71 410.41 412.11 413.82 415.53 417.25 77 418.98 420.71 422.45 424.20 425.95 427.71 429.47 431.24 433.02 434.80 78 436.59 438.38 440.18 441.99 443.80 445.62 447.45 449.28 451.11 452.96 79 454.81 456.67 458.53 460.40 462.28 464.16 466.05 467.94 469.85 471.76 80 473.67 475.59 477.52 479.45 481.39 483.34 485.29 487.25 489.22 491.19 81 493.17 495.16 497.15 499.16 501.17 503.18 505.20 507.23 509.26 511.30 82 513.35 515.41 517.47 519.54 521.62 523.70 525.79 527.89 529.99 532.10 83 534.22 536.35 538.48 540.62 542.77 544.92 547.08 549.25 551.43 553.61 84 555.80 557.99 560.20 562.41 564.62. 566.85 569.08 571.32 573.57 575.83 85 578.09 580:56 582.64 584.93 587.22 589.52 591.83 594.14 596.46 598.79 86 601.13 603.48 605.83 608.19 610.56 612.94 615.32 617.72 620.12 622.52 87 624.94 627.36 629.79 632.23 634.68 637.13 639.59 642.07 644.55 647.03 88 649.53 652.03 654.54 657.06 659.59 662.12 664.66 667.22 669.78 672.34 89 674.92 677.50 680.09 682.69 685.30 687.92 690.55 693.18 695.82 698.47 90 701.13 703.80 706.47 709.16 711.85 714.55 717.26 719.98 722.71 725.45 91 728.19 730.94 733.70 736.47 739.25 742.04 744.84 747.64 750.46 753.28 92 756.11 758.95 761.80 764.66 767.52 770.40 773.29 776.18 779.09 782.00 93 784.92 787.85 790.79 793.74 796.69 799.66 802.63 805.62 808.61 811.62 94 814.63 817.65 820.69 823.73 826.78 829.84 832.91 835.99 839.08 842.17 95 845.28 848.40 851.52 854.66 857.80 860.96 864.12 867.30 870.48 873.68 96 876.88 880.09 883.31 886.55 889.79 893.04 896.30 899.57 902.86 906.15 97 909.45 912.76 916.08 919.42 922.76 926.11 929.47 932.84 936.23 939.62 98 943.02 946.43 949.85 953.28 956.73 960.18 963.65 967.12 970.61 -974.10 99 977.61 981.13 984.65 988.19 991.74 995.30 998.87 1002.45 1006.04 1009.64 100 1013.25 1016.87 1020.50 1024.14 1027.80 1031.46 1035.13 1038.82 1042.51 1046.22 101 1049.94 1053.67 1057.41 1061.16 1064.93 1068.70 1072.49 1076.28 1080.09 1083.91 102. = 1087.74 SMITHSONIAN METEOROLOGICAL TABLES 354 Tem- Vapor pera- pres- rae sure 10-3 Unit: in. Hg. —60.0 1.651 —59.5 1.705 —59.0 1.761 —58.5 1.818 —58.0 1.877 —57.5 1.938 —57.0 2.000 —56.5 2.064 Tem mise 0 FIRS 10-3 Unit: in. Hg. —40 5.584 —39 5.915 =e 6.263 239 6.630 —36 7.016 —35 7.424 —34 7.849 —33 8.298 —32 8.770 —31 9.270 —30 9.789 —29 10.34 —28 10.91 —27 11852 —26 12.15 —25 12.82 —24 13.52 —23 14.25 —22 15.02 —21 15.83 —20 16.68 —19 17.56 —18 18.49 —17 19.46 —16 20.48 —15 21.55 —14 22.66 —13 23.83 —12 25.05 —l1 26.33 —10 27.66 —9 29.06 — 8 30.52 —7 32.04 — 6 33.63 —5 35.29 — 4 37.03 — 3 38.84 —2 40.73 — 1 42.71 — 0 44.77 TABLE 95 SATURATION VAPOR PRESSURE OVER WATER (Explanation on p. 351.) Tem- Vapor pera- pres- Pace sure 10-3 in. Hg. —56.0 2.130 —55.5 2.198 —55.0 2.268 —545 2.340 —54.0 2.414 —53.5 2.491 —53.0 2.569 —525 2.650 all Le 10-3 10-3 in. Hg. in. Hg. 5.881 5.847 6227, MGnS2 6.592 6.555 6.977. 6.937 e382, 1584 7.805 7.762 8.252 8.206 8.721 8.673 9.219 9.169 9.736 9.683 10.28 10.23 10.85 10.79 11.46 11.40 12.08 12.02 12275) 12:69 13.45 13.38 14.17 14.10 14.94 14.87 15.75 15:66 16:59) 16:51 LZAZ. 738 18.40 18.30 19.36 19.26 20.38 20.27 21.44 21.33 2255. 22:43 PAIN ZED) 24.93 24.80 26.20 26.07 ZES2) H2739 28.92 28.77 30.37 30.22 O88) BSIE7S 33.47 33.31 35.12 34.95 36.85 36.68 38.66 38.47 40.54 40.35 42.51 42.31 44.56 44.35 English units Tem- Vapor pera- pres- ture sure 10-3 in. Hg. —48.0 3.488 —47.5 3.594 —47.0 3.703 —46.5 3.815 —46.0 3.930 —45.5 4.049 —45.0 4.170 —445 4.294 6 ah 10-3 10-3 in. Hg. in. Hg. 5.714 5.681 6.051 6.017 6.406 6.370 6.782 6.744 HAVker ZaSiS 7.592 7.549 8.026 7.982 8.484 8.437 8.968 8.918 9.474 9.423 10.00 9.951 10.56 10.51 ETS 09 L1AZ, - 1170 LZ AOR 2535 LESSON 3:05 LSS ats:75 14.56 14.48 15.34 15.26 16.17 16.08 17.03 16.94 17.93) L783 18.87 18.78 19.87. 19.77 20.90 20.80 21.99 21.88 232, i200 24.31 24.19 255 5n 254s 26.86 26.72 28.21 28.07 29.63 29.49 SEIZE) 730/97, 32107) ae 34.29 34.13 35.98 35.80 SVP SYERY/ 39.59 39.40 41.51 41.32 43.52 43.32 Tem- Vapor pera- pres- pute sure in. Hg. 52:0 12.738 She ait —51.0 2.906 —50.5 2.997 —50.0 3.089 —49.5 3.183 —49.0 3.281 —48.5 3.384 a3} 4 35 10-8 10-3 10-3 ineig. | inser in. Hg. 5.814 5.780 5.747 6.156 6.121 6.086 6.517. 6.480 6.443 6.898 6.860 6.821 7.299 7.258 TAY 7119 7.676 7.634 8.161 8.116 8.071 8.626 8.578 8.531 9.118 9.068 9.018 9.630 9.578 9.526 1047 10:12 10.06 10.73 10.68 10.62 HESS E27, 11.21 11.96 11.90 11.83 12625 172'55 12.49 L331) L324 13.17 14.03 13.95 13.88 14.79 14.71 14.64 155 8re 15150 15.42 16.42 16.34 16.25 Nie PAL VAY S210 Tali 18.02 19.16 19.07 18.97 20.17 20.07 19.97 2-22, Ziel2 21.01 TSO AERIMA 22.10 23:47 123)36 23.24 24.68 24.55 24.43 25.94 25.81 25.68 27:20). 2742 26.99 28.63 28.49 28.35 30.07 29.93 29.78 31.58 31.42 31.27 33.15 32.99 32.83 34.79 34.62 34.46 36.50 36.32 36.15 38.29 38.11 37.93 40.16 39.97 39.78 42.11 41.91 41.71 44.14 43.94 43.73 (continued ) SMITHSONIAN METEOROLOGICAL TABLES Tem- era- Ture 0 oi. in. Hg. 0 0.04477 1 0.04691 Z 0.04915 3 0.05149 4 0.05392 5 0.05646 6 0.05910 7 0.06185 8 0.06471 9 0.06769 10 0.07080 11 0.07403 12 0.07740 13 0.08089 14 0.08454 15 0.08832 16 0.09226 17 0.09634 18 0.10060 19 0.10501 20 0.10960 21 0.11437 22 0.11933 23 0.12446 24 0.12980 25 0.13534 26 0.14109 27 0.14705 28 0.15324 29 0.15966 30 0.16631 31 0.17321 32 0.18036 33 0.18778 34 0.19546 35 0.20342 36 0.21166 37 0.22020 38 0.22904 39 0.23819 40 0.24767 41 0.25748 42 0.26763 43 0.27813 44 0.28899 45 0.30023 46 0.31185 47 0.32387 48 0.33629 49 0.34913 50 0.36240 MITHSONIAN METEOROLOGICAL TABLES “I in. Hg. 0.04498 0.04713 0.04938 0.05173 0.05417 0.05672 0.05937 0.06213 0.06500 0.06800 0.07112 0.07436 0.07774 0.08125 0.08491 0.08871 0.09266 0.09676 0.10104 0.10546 0.11007 0.11486 0.11983 0.12499 0.13035 0.13591 0.14168 0.14766 0.15387 0.16032 0.16699 0.17392 0.18109 0.18854 0.19624 0.20423 0.21250 0.22107 0.22994 0.23912 0.24864 0.25848 0.26866 0.27920 0.29010 0.30137 0.31303 0.32509 0.33755 0.35044 0.36375 2 in. Hg. 0.04519 0.04735 0.04961 0.05197 0.05442 0.05698 0.05964 0.06242 0.06530 0.06830 0.07144 0.07469 0.07809 0.08161 0.08528 0.08910 0.09306 0.09718 0.10147 0.10592 0.11054 0.11535 0.12034 0.12552 0.13090 0.13647 0.14226 0.14827 0.15450 0.16097 0.16767 0.17462 0.18182 0.18929 0.19703 0.20504 0.21334 0.22194 0.23084 0.24006 0.24960 0.25948 0.26970 0.28027 0.29121 0.30252 0.31422 0.32632 0.33882 0.35175 0.36511 TABLE 95 (CONTINUED) SATURATION VAPOR PRESSURE OVER WATER English units x3) in. Hg. 0.04540 0.04757 0.04984 0.05221 0.05467 0.05724 0.05991 0.06270 0.06560 0.06861 0.07176 0.07503 0.07843 0.08197 0.08566 0.08949 0.09347 0.09760 0.10191 0.10637 0.11102 0.11584 0.12085 0.12605 0.13145 0.13704 0.14285 0.14889 0.15514 0.16163 0.16835 0.17533 0.18256 0.19005 0.19782 0.20586 0.21419 0.22282 0.23175 0.24100 0.25058 0.26049 0.27074 0.28135 0.29232 0.30367 0.31541 0.32755 0.34010 0.35306 0.36646 4 in. Hg. 0.04562 0.04780 0.05008 0.05245 0.05492 0.05750 0.06019 0.06298 0.06589 0.06892 0.07208 0.07536 0.07878 0.08234 0.08603 0.08988 0.09387 0.09802 0.10235 0.10683 0.11149 0.11633 0.12136 0.12658 0.13200 0.13762 0.14345 0.14950 0.15578 0.16230 0.16904 0.17665 0.18330 0.19082 0.19861 0.20668 0.21504 0.22370 0.23266 0.24194 0.25155 0.26150 0.27179 0.28243 0.29344 0.30483 0.31661 0.32879 0.34137 0.35439 0.36783 (continued) 5 in. Hg. 0.04583 0.04802 0.05031 0.05269 0.05517 0.05776 0.06046 0.06327 0.06619 0.06923 0.07240 0.07570 0.07913 0.08270 0.08641 0.09027 0.09428 0.09845 0.10279 0.10729 0.11197 0.11683 0.12187 0.12711 0.13255 0.13819 0.14404 0.15012 0.15642 0.16296 0.16973 0.17676 0.18404 0.19158 0.19940 0.20750 0.21589 0.22458 0.23357 0.24289 0.25253 0.26251 0.27284 0.28351 0.29456 0.30599 0.31781 0.33003 0.34266 0.35571 0.36920 6 in. Hg. 0.04604 0.04824 0.05054 0.05293 0.05543 0.05803 0.06074 0.06355 0.06649 0.06954 0.07272 0.07604 0.07948 0.08307 0.08679 0.09067 0.09469 0.09888 0.10323 0.10775 0.11245 0.11733 0.12238 0.12764 0.13310 0.13877 0.14464 0.15074 0.15706 0.16362 0.17042 0.17747 0.18478 0.19235 0.20020 0.20833 0.21675 0.22547 0.23449 0.24384 0.25352 0.26353 0.27389 0.28460 0.29569 0.30715 0.31901 0.33127 0.34394 0.35704 0.37057 oh in. Hg. 0.04626 0.04847 0.05078 0.05318 0.05568 0.05829 0.06101 0.06384 0.06679 0.06985 0.07305 0.07638 0.07983 0.08343 0.08717 0.09106 0.09510 0.09931 0.10367 0.10821 0.11292 0.11783 0.12290 0.12818 0.13366 0.13934 0.14524 0.15136 0.15771 0.16429 0.17111 0.17819 0.18553 0.19313 0.20100 0.20916 0.21761 0.22636 0.23541 0.24479 0.25450 0.26455 0.27494 0.28569 0.29682 0.30832 0.32022 0.33252 0.34523 0.35837 0.37195 8 in. Hg. 0.04647 0.04869 0.05102 0.05343 0.05594 0.05856 0.06129 0.06413 0.06709 0.07017 0.07337 0.07672 0.08018 0.08380 0.08755 0.09146 0.09551 0.09974 0.10411 0.10867 0.11340 0.11833 0.12342 0.12872 0.13422 0.13992 0.14584 0.15198 0.15836 0.16496 0.17181 0.17891 0.18628 0.19390 0.20181 0.20999 0.21847 0.22725 0.23633 0.24575 0.25549 0.26557 0.27600 0.28679 0.29795 0.30949 0.32143 0.33377 0.34653 0.35971 0.37333 355 9 in. Hg. 0.04669 0.04892 0.05125 0.05367 0.05620 0.05883 0.06157 0.06442 0.06739 0.07048 0.07370 0.07706 0.08053 0.08417 0.08793 0.09186 0.09592 0.10017 0.10456 0.10913 0.11389 0.11883 0.12394 0.12926 0.13478 0.14051 0.14644 0.15261 0.15901 0.16563 0.17251 0.17963 0.18703 0.19468 0.20261 0.21082 0.21933 0.22814 0.23726 0.24671 0.25648 0.26660 0.27706 0.28789 0.29909 0.31067 0.32265 0.33503 0.34783 0.36105 0.37472 356 Tem fee 0 oR: in. Hg. 50 0.36240 51 37611 52 .39028 $55 40492 54 42003 55 0.43564 56 45176 57 .46840 58 48558 59 50330 60 0.52160 61 54047 62 55994 63 58002 64 .60073 65 0.62209 66 64411 67 .66681 68 69021 69 71432 70 0.73916 71 76476 72 79113 73 .81829 74 .84626 75 0.87506 76 .90472 77 93524 78 .96666 79 .99900 80 1.0323 81 1.0665 82 1.1017 83 1.1380 84 1.1752 85 1.2136 86 1.2530 87 1.2935 88 1.3351 89 1.3779 90 1.4219 91 1.4671 92 1.5136 93 1.5613 94 1.6103 95 1.6607 96 1.7124 97 1.7655 98 1.8200 99 1.8759 100 1.9334 SMITHSONIAN METEOROLOGICAL TABLES at in. Hg. 0.36375 37751 39172 40641 42157 0.43723 45340 .47009 48733 .90510 0.52346 54239 .96192 58206 .60284 0.62426 64635 66912 .69259 71677 0.74169 .76736 79381 82105 84910 0.87799 90773 93834 96985 1.00228 1.0357 1.0700 1.1053 1.1417 1.1790 1.2175 1.2570 1.2976 1.3393 1.3822 1.4264 1.4717 1.5183 1.5661 1.6153 1.6658 1.7176 1.7709 1.8255 1.8816 1.9392 2 in. Hg. 0.36511 37891 39317 .40790 42311 0.43882 .45504 47179 48908 50691 0.52533 54432 96391 98411 .60495 0.62644 64859 67143 69497 .71923 0.74422 76997 .79650 82382 85195 0.88092 .91075 94145 97305 1.00558 1.0391 1.0735 1.1089 1.1453 1.1828 1.2214 1.2610 1.3017 1.3436 1.3866 1.4308 1.4763 1.5230 1.5710 1.6203 1.6709 1.7229 1.7763 1.8311 1.8873 1.9450 TABLE 95 (CONTINUED) SATURATION VAPOR PRESSURE OVER WATER English units 3 in. Hg. 0.36646 38031 .39462 .40940 .42466 0.44042 45670 47350 .49084 .50873 0.52720 54625 90590 58616 .60707 0.62862 £65085 67376 69737 72169 0.74676 77209 SENS) 82659 85481 0.88387 91378 94457 97626 1.00888 1.0425 1.0769 Pat25 1.1490 1.1866 1.2253 1.2650 1.3059 1.3478 1.3910 1.4353 1.4809 1.5278 1.5759 1.6253 1.6761 1.7282 1.7817 1.8366 1.8930 1.9509 4 in. Hg. 0.36783 38172 39608 .41090 42621 0.44203 45835 47521 49260 .51055 0.52908 54818 56790 .58823 60919 0.63082 65311 .67608 69977 72416 0.74931 77521 .80190 82938 .85768 0.88682 91682 94770 97948 1.01220 1.0459 1.0804 1.1161 Poesy, 1.1904 1.2292 1.2691 1.3100 3521 1.3954 1.4398 1.4856 1.5325 1.5807 1.6303 1.6812 1.7335 1.7871 1.8422 1.8987 1.9568 (continued) 5 in. Hg. 0.36920 38314 39754 41241 42777 0.44364 0.53096 55013 .56990 59029 61133 0.63302 .65537 67842 70217 .72664 0.75186 77785 80461 83217 .86055 0.88978 91987 .95084 98271 1.01552 1.0493 1.0840 1.1197 1.1564 1.1943 1.2332 12731 1.3142 1.3564 1.3998 1.4443 1.4902 1.5373 1.5856 1.6353 1.6864 1.7388 1.7926 1.8478 1.9045 1.9626 6 in. Hg. 0.37057 38456 39901 41393 42933 0.44525 46168 47864 49614 51421 0.53285 95208 SV 99237 61347 0.63522 65765 .68076 70459 72913 0.75443 78049 80733 83497 86344 0.89275 92292 95398 .98595 1.01885 1.0527 1.0875 1.1234 1.1602 1.1981 1.2371 12772 1.3183 1.3606 1.4042 1.4489 1.4949 1.5421 1.5905 1.6404 1.6916 1.7441 1.7980 1.8533 1.9102 1.9685 of in. Hg. 0.37195 38598 40048 41544 43090 0.44687 46335 .48037 49792 .51605 0.53475 99403 .57393 59445 61561 0.63743 65993 68312 .70701 73163 0.75700 78314 81006 83778 86633 0.89573 £92599 95714 .98920 1.02220 1.0561 1.0910 1.1270 1.1639 1.2020 1.2411 1.2812 13229 1.3649 1.4086 1.4534 1.4995 1.5469 1.5955 1.6454 1.6967 1.7494 1.8035 1.8590 1.9160 1.9745 8 in. Hg. 0.37333 38741 .40195 .41697 43248 0.44849 .46503 48210 .49971 51789 0.53665 55600 97595 59654 61777 0.63965 66221 68547 .70944 73413 0.75958 78579 81279 84060 86923 0.89872 92906 96030 .99246 1.02555 1.0596 1.0946 1.1307 1.1677 1.2058 1.2450 1.2853 1.3267 1.3692 1.4130 1.4580 1.5042 1.5517 1.6004 1.6505 1.7019 1.7548 1.8090 1.8646 1.9218 1.9804 9 in. Hg. 0.37472 38884 40343 41850 43406 0.45012 46671 48384 .90150 51974 0.53856 99797 97798 59863 61992 0.64188 66451 .68784 .71188 .73664 0.76217 .78846 £81554 84343 87214 0.90172 93215 96348 99572 1.02891 1.0630 1.0981 1.1343 1.1714 1.2097 1.2490 1.2894 1.3309 1.3736 1.4174 1.4625 1.5089 1.5565 1.6053 1.6556 1.7072 1.7601 1.8145 1.8702 1.9276 1.9863 Tem- tare 0 SE in. Hg. 100 1.9334 101 1.9923 102 2.0529 103 2.1149 104 2.1786 105 2.2440 106 2.3110 107 2.3798 108 2.4503 109 2.5226 110 2.5968 GGL 2.6728 112 2.7507 113 2.8306 114 2.9125 115 2.9963 116 3.0823 7 3.1703 118 3.2606 119 3.3530 120 3.4477 121 3.5446 122 3.6439 123 3.7455 124 3.8496 125 3.9561 126 4.0651 127 4.1768 128 4.2910 129 4.4078 130 4.5274 131 4.6498 132 4.7750 133 4.9030 134 5.0340 135 5.1679 136 5.3049 137 5.4450 138 5.5881 139 5.7345 140 5.8842 141 6.0371 142 6.1934 143 6.3532 144 6.5164 145 6.6832 146 6.8536 147 7.0277 148 7.2056 149 7.3872 150 7.5727 SATURATION VAPOR PRESSURE OVER WATER in. Hg. 1.9392 1.9983 2.0590 2.1851 2.2506 2.4574 2.5299 2.6043 2.6805 2.7586 2.8387 2.9208 3.0048 3.0910 3.1792 3.2697 3.3624 3.4573 3.5544 3.6539 3.7558 3.8601 3.9669 4.0762 4.1881 4.3026 4.4196 4.5395 4.6622 4.7877 4.9160 5.0473 5.1815 5.3188 5.4592 5.6026 5.7493 5.8993 6.0526 6.2092 6.3694 6.5329 6.7001 6.8708 7.0453 7.2236 7.4056 7.5915 TABLE 95 (CONTINUED) SMITHSONIAN METEOROLOGICAL TABLES English units A in. Hg. 1.9568 2.0164 2.0775 2,1402 2.2046 2.2706 2.3383 2.4078 2.4790 2.5921 2.6270 2.7037 2.7824 2.8631 2.9458 3.0305 3.1172 3.2062 3.2973 3.3906 3.4862 3.5840 3.6842 3.7869 3.8919 3.9994 4.1095 4.2222 4.3374 4.4553 4.5760 4.6995 4.8258 4.9551 5.0872 5.2223 7.6480 (continued) 5 in. Hg. 1.9626 2.0224 2.0837 2.1465 2.2111 2.2773 2.3452 2.4148 2.4862 2.5595 2.6346 2.7115 2.7904 2.8713 2.9541 3.0390 3.1260 357 Ebel leer 1.9863 2.0486 2.1086 2.1722 2.2374 2.3042 2.3728 2.4432 ZD153 2.5893 2.6651 2.7428 2.8225 2.9042 2.9878 3.0736 3.1614 3.2515 3.3437 3.4381 3.5348 3.6339 3.7352 3.8391 3.9453 4.0541 4.1655 4.2795 4.3960 4.5153 4.6374 4.7624 4.8901 5.0208 5.1544 5.2911 5.4309 5.5736 5.7197 5.8691 6.0217 6.1776 6.3371 6.4999 6.6664 6.8364 7.0101 7.1876 7.3689 7.5540 7.7431 Tem- er. ie 0 °F, in. Hg. 150 7.5727 151 7.7622 152 7.9556 153 8.1532 154 8.3548 155 8.5607 156 8.7708 157 8.9853 158 9.2042 159 9.4276 160 9.6556 161 9.8882 162 10.126 163 10.368 104 10.615 165 10.867 166 11.124 167 11.386 168 11.653 169 11.925 170 12.203 171 12.487 172 12.775 173 13.070 174 13.370 175 13.676 176 13.987 177 14.305 178 14.629 179 14.959 180 15.295 181 15.637 182 15.986 183 16.341 184 16.703 185 17.071 186 17.446 187 17.829 188 18.218 189 18.614 190 19.017 191 19.428 192 19.846 193 20.271 194 20.704 195 21.145 196 21.594 197 22.050 198 22.515 199 22.987 200 23.468 SMITHSONIAN METEOROLOGICAL TABLES ot in. Hg. 7.5915 7.7814 7.9752 8.1732 8.3752 8.5815 8.7921 9.0070 9.2263 9.4502 9.6786 9.9117 10.150 10.392 10.640 10.892 11.150 11.412 11.680 11.953 12.231 12.515 12.804 13.100 13.400 13.707 14.019 14.337 14.662 14.992 15.329 15.672 16.021 16.377 16.739 17.108 17.484 17.868 18.257 18.654 19.058 19.469 19.888 20.314 20.748 21.190 21.639 22.096 22.562 23.035 23.516 2 in. Hg. 7.6103 7.8005 7.9948 8.1932 8.3956 8.6024 8.8133 9.0287 9.2485 9.4728 9.7017 919353 10.174 10.417 10.665 10.918 11.176 11.439 11.707 11.980 12.259 12.544 12.834 13.130 13.431 13.738 14.050 14.369 14.695 15.026 15.363 15.706 16.056 16.413 16.776 17.145 17.522 17.906 18.297 18.694 19.099 19.511 19.930 20.357 20.792 21.234 21.684 22.142 22.609 23.083 23.565 TABLE 95 (CONTINUED) SATURATION VAPOR PRESSURE OVER WATER English units ay in. Hg. 7.6291 7.8198 8.0145 8.2132 8.4161 8.6233 8.8347 9.0505 9.2707 9.4955 9.7249 9.9589 10.198 10.442 10.690 10.944 11.202 11.466 11.734 12.008 12.288 12.573 12.863 13,159 13.461 13.769 14.082 14.402 14.727 15.059 15.397 15.741 16.092 16.449 16.813 17.183 17.560 17.945 18.336 18.734 19.140 195553 19.973 20.400 20.835 21.279 21.730 22.189 22.656 23.130 23.614 4 in. Hg. 7.6480 7.8391 8.0342 8.2333 8.4367 8.6442 8.8561 9.0723 9.2930 9.5182 9.7481 9.9826 10.222 10.466 10.715 10.969 11.228 11.492 11.761 12.035 12.316 12.601 12.892 13.189 13.492 13.800 14.113 14.434 14.760 15.093 15.431 15.776 16.127 16.485 16.849 17.220 17.598 17.984 18.376 18.774 19.181 19.594 20.015 20.443 20.879 21.324 Z1n775 22.235 22.703 23.178 23.663 (continued) 6 in. Hg. 7.6859 7.8777 8.0737 8.2736 8.4778 8.6862 8.8990 9.1161 9.3377 9.5638 9.7946 10.030 10.271 10.516 10.766 11.021 11.281 11.546 11.815 12.091 12.373 12.659 12.951 13.249 131553 13.862 14.177 14.499 14.826 15.160 15.499 15.846 16.198 16.557 16.923 17.295 17.675 18.062 18.455 18.855 19.263 19.678 20.100 20.530 20.968 21.414 21.867 22.328 22.797 23.2/9 23.760 4 in. Hg. 7.7049 7.8971 8.0935 8.2939 8.4985 8.7073 8.9205 9.1381 9.3601 9.5867 9.8179 10.054 10.295 10.540 10.791 11.046 11.307 1572 11.843 12.119 12.401 12.688 12.981 13:279 13.584 13.893 14.209 14.531 14.859 15.194 15.534 15.881 16.234 16.594 16.960 17.333 17.713 18.101 18.494 18.895 19.304 19.720 20.143 20.573 21.012 21.459 21.912 22.375 22.844 23.323 23.809 8 in. Hg. 7.7240 7.9166 8.1134 8.3141 8.5192 8.7284 8.9420 9.1601 9.3826 9.6096 9.8413 10.078 10.319 10.565 10.816 11.072 11.333 15g 11.870 12.147 12.430 NATE) 13.011 13.310 13.614 13.924 14.241 14.564 14.893 15.227 15.568 15.916 16.269 16.630 16.997 17.370 17.752 18.140 18.534 18.936 19.345 19.762 20.185 20.617 21.056 21.504 21.958 22.421 22.892 23.371 23.858 9 in. Hg. 7.7431 7.9361 8.1333 8.3344 8.5399 8.7496 8.9637 9.1821 9.4051 9.6326 9.8647 10.102 10.344 10.590 10.842 11.098 11.360 11.626 11.898 12.175 12.458 12.746 13.040 13.340 13.645 13.956 14.273 14.596 14.926 15.261 15.602 15.951 16.305 16.667 17.034 17.408 17.790 18.179 18.574 18.976 19.387 19.804 20.228 20.660 21.101 21.549 22.004 22.468 22.939 23.420 23.908 Tem- tare 0 Se in. Hg. 200 23.468 201 23.957 202 24.455 203 24.961 204 25.476 205 26.000 206 26.532 207 27.074 208 27.625 209 28.185 210 28.754 211 29.333 ZZ 29.921 in. Hg. 23.516 24.006 24.505 25.012 25.528 26.053 26.586 27.129 27.681 28.241 28.811 29.391 pe in. Hg. 23.565 24.056 24.555 25.063 25.580 26.106 26.640 27.183 27.736 28.298 28.869 29.450 TABLE 95 (CONCLUDED) SATURATION VAPOR PRESSURE OVER WATER English units FS) in. Hg. 23.614 24.106 24.606 2Z5u5 25.632 26.159 26.694 27.238 27.792 28.355 28.927 29.508 SMITHSONIAN METEOROLOGICAL TABLES 4 in. Hg. 23.663 24.155 24.656 25.166 25.685 26.212 26.748 27.293 27.848 28.411 28.985 29.567 a) in. Hg. 23.711 24.205 24.707 25217, 25737 26.265 26.802 27.348 27.904 28.468 29.042 29.626 6 in. Hg. 23.760 24.255 24.758 25.269 25.789 26.318 26.856 27.404 27.960 28.525 29.100 29.685 of, in. Hg. 23.809 24.305 24.808 J aVAll 25.842 26.371 26.910 27.459 28.016 28.582 29.158 29.744 8 in. Hg. 23.858 24.355 24.859 25.372 25.895 26.425 26.965 27.514 28.072 28.639 29.216 29.803 359 a in. Hg. 23.908 24.405 24.910 25.424 25.947 26.478 27.019 27.569 28.129 28.697 29.275 29.862 360 TABLE 96 SATURATION VAPOR PRESSURE OVER ICE (Explanation on p. 350.) Tem- f : pera- Metric units poe 0 i 2 3 4 5 Unit: 10-5mb. 10-5mb. 10-5mb. 10-5mb. 10-5mb. 10-5 mb. —100 1.403 — 99 1/19 685" Coste Wol7 oc 1:585 1.553 — 98 201 20598. ZOIS L:O79xP 1.939 1.901 — 97 Zoe \2atl™ 2462 2.414 2.366 2.320 — 96 Sl) S057. “22097. 20390 6 2.802 2.826 — 95 Soe S712" 36400" 3.571 3.502 3.435 — 94 4.584 4497 4412 4.329 4.246 4.166 — 93 5.542" 31438) 5.336)" 5.230%) 5.138 5.041 — 92 6.685 6.561 6.439 6.320 6.203 6.088 — 91 8.049 7.902 7.757 7.615 7.475 7.338 90 9.672 9497 9.324 9.155 8.988 8.825 89 160) P39" M19") 10.98)" 10:79 10.59 103") TSS 1SASM 1292 12.69 87 16:58, 16:29) 16:00. 15:72" 15.45 15.18 86 9:77 1943 19:09” 18.76% 1843 18.11 85) Zs98) 2313 “22:73 22134 21.96 21.58 84 27:96 27:48) (27.02 26:56 26.10 25.66 ; S200" 32:05) 315l) 30:98 30.45 G2, 43925), 38:60," (37.95, 37.32. 36.69 36.08 81 46.38 45.62 4486 4412 43.40 42.68 80) 54.72 5583 52.95" 52.084 5125 50.39 79 = 64.44 «63.40 62.37 61.36 60.37 59.39 Aad), 2400 7330" SZ19" 71.03 69.89 77 ~—s—- 88.94 87.53 86.14 = 84.78 = 83.43 82.11 76 104.27 1026. 1080 9941 97:85 96.31 [eesthe pest leee|ee eileen Co [e,2) Ww oO ww _ w WwW — fe) Oo io,2) [oe tele ST oe Unit: 10-3 mb. 10-2mb. 10-3mb. 10-?mb. 10-mb, 10-3 mb. 75 1220" "1-201. £182) 1.164 | 1146 1.128 74 1.425 1.403 1.382 1.360 1.340 1.319 1662, to37 AGI2, S87) 1563 1.539 72 1936 | 907. A878 S50 L822 1.794 71 2202) 22N8 N85 2ho2) “2.120 2.088 70 2.615 2.576 2.538 2.501 2.464 2.427 69 3.032 2.988 2.944 2.901 2.858 2.816 Soll (3.460 “3410 3:360 3.311 3.263 67 4060 4.002 3.944 3.887 3.831 3.776 66 4.688 4.621 4555 4.490 4.426 4.363 65 5406 5:320 (5255) S180 S107 5.035 64 6.225 6.138 6.052 5.968 5.884 5.802 7.159 7.060 6962 6866 6.771 6.677 62 8.223 8110 7999 7889 7.781 7.674 61 9.432 9.304 9.177 9.053 8.930 8.808 60 10:80 L066 TOST" 10:37) 10:24 10.10 59 12:36 1220" 12035" ISP) e772 11.56 Ne Petew i SSS Eater nv nN N Ww oo Ww Joa ot i on oO — > — Ww _— WwW \o = —_ N nN —" WwW on ee) — WwW oS oO — ios) do DO =— 50 39:35 38:87 38.39 37:92 37.45 36.99 (continued) SMITHSONIAN METEOROLOGICAL TABLES 6 10-5 mb. 7 10-5 mb. 8 ) 10-5 mb. 10-5 mb. 1.461 1.790 1.432 TABLE 96 (CONCLUDED) 361 SATURATION VAPOR PRESSURE OVER ICE Tem- : 2 . aa Metric units t °C. 0 al 2 & 4 5 6 a 8 9 Unit: mb. mb. mb. mb. mb. mb. mb. mb. mb. mb. —50 0.03935 0.03887 0.03839 0.03792 0.03745 0.03699 0.03653 0.03608 0.03564 0.03520 —49 0.04449 0.04395 0.04341 0.04289 0.04236 0.04185 0.04134 0.04083 0.04033 0.03984 —48 0.05026 0.04965 0.04905 0.04846 0.04788 0.04730 0.04673 0.04616 0.04560 0.04504 —47 0.05671 0.05603 0.95536 0.05470 0.05405 0.05340 0.05276 0.05212 0.05150 0.05087 —46 0.06393 0.06317 0.06242 0.06168 0.06095 0.06022 0.05950 0.05879 0.05809 0.05740 —45 0.07198 0.07113 0.07030 0.06947 0.06865 0.06784 0.06704 0.06625 0.06547 0.06469 —44 0.08397 0.08003 0.07909 0.07817 0.07725 0.07635 0.07546 0.07457 0.07370 0.07283 —43 0.09098 0.08993 0.08889 0.08786 0.68684 0.08584 0.08484 0.08386 0.08289 0.08192 —42 0.1021 0.1010 0.09981 0.09866 0.09753 0.09641 0.09530 0.09420 0.09312 0.09204 —41 0.1145 0.1132 0.1119 0.1107 0.1094 0.1082 0.1070 0.1057 0.1045 0.1033 —40 0.1283 0.1268 0.1254 0.1240 0.1226 0.1212 0.1198 01185 -0.1171 0.1158 —39 0.1436 0.1420 9.1404 0.1389 0.1373 0.1358 0.1343 0.1328 0.1313 0.1298 —38 O1606 O:1588 0.1571 0:1553° 0:1'536 0.1519 0.1502 0.1485 0.1469 0.1452 —3/ OA794 WO17145 OA255 O4736-- 01717 0.1698 0.1679 0.1661 0.1642 0.1624 —36 0.2002 0.1980 0.1959 0.1938 0.1917 0.1896 0.1875 0.1855 0.1834 0.1814 —35 0:2233 0:2209 0.2185 0.2161 > 0.2138 0.2115 0.2092 0.2069 0.2047 0.2024 —34 0.2488 0.2461 0.2435 0.2409 0.2383 0.2357 0.2332 0.2307 0.2282 0.2257 —33 2769 (02740 0.2711 0.2682 0.2653 0.2625: 0:2597 ~10:2569' (0.2542 ‘0.2515 —32 0.3079 0.3047 0.3014 0.2983 0.2951 0.2920 0.2889 0.2859 0.2828 0.2799 —3l 0.3421 0:3385. 0.3350 0.3315 0:3280 0.3246 0.3212 0.3178 0.3145 0.3112 —30 0.3798 0.3759 0.3720 0.3681 0.3643 0.3605 0.3567 0.3530 0.3494 0.3457 —29 0.4213, 0.4170 0.4127 04084 0.4042 0.4000 0.3959 0.3918 0.3877 0.3838 —28 0.4669 0.4621 0.4574 0.4527 0.4481 0.4435 0.4390 0.4345 0.4300 0.4256 —27 0.5170 0.5118 0.5066 0.5014 0.4964 0.4913 0.4863 0.4814 0.4765 0.4717 —26 0.5720 0.5663 0.5606 0.5549 0.5493 0.5438 0.5383 0.5329 0.5276 0.5222 —25 0.6323 0.6260 0.6198 0.6136 0.6075 0.6015 0.5955 0.5895 0.5836 0.5778 —24 0.6985 0.6916 0.6848 0.6780 0.6713 0.0646 0.6580 0.6515 0.6450 0.6386 —23 0.7709 0.7634 0.7559 0.7485 0.7412 0.7339 0.7267 0.7195 0.7125 0.7055 —22 0.8502 0.8419 0.8338 0.8257 0.8176 0.8097 0.8018 0.7940 0.7862 0.7785 —21 0.9370 0.9280 0.9190 0.9101 0.9013 0.8926 0.8840 0.8754 0.8669 0.8585 —20 M032. 1022.20 012. 1:002"" 019928 0.9833 0.9739 0.9645 0.9553 0.9461 —19 MSS: 1A2a TAS 1.103000 °1092 1.082). MO72 ~ete062,. 1052~ 9 1042 —18 W248-) 1230) 1.225), L213). 1201 LOO Teo TGS JES Z i TG —17 LO7 ta) pli Sabi O40. L838.» 1320 T3084 (296 fo pde284 tn 2720) 260 —16 1506 1492 1478 1.464 1.451 1.437 1424 1.410 1.397 1.384 —15 G2) L.G3/eer doce 1 1607 “12592 W577 Tes62 i 12548: 1.534 520 —14 POUL» LAOS ue LASe. 1.762), «1.746 1.730. 1714, 91698 1.683. > 1.667 —13 west, 1960.) 1.948". 1.930. 1913 1.895) ) 8780" L8ob! sat) 1827 —12 Zhe.) Zbodione Zbode, 2114, 2.095 2.076% 2.057 » 12,039 2.020) + 2:002 —11 ZasOry 2-399 a,2.304e. 2013S) y 2292 2271) 225 pagzst 220) 2100 —10 2590 Zot Zooks .2.029 “yes506 2.484 2.462 2.440 2.419 2.397 —9 Z8d0-) 2.8125. °2.78%,~ 2.103... 2:/39 2.715 2691 2.667 2.644 2.620 — 8 3.097 3.070 3.043 3.017 2.991 2965) 2.939 2913 2:888) > 2.862 —7 3509' §5:300 tye D-deks 3.290 B:204 3.236, 3.208 3180 ©3452) | 3.124 — 6 3.089. ('3:655053.622" 3.591) 3/560 3.529 3.499 3.468 3.438 3.409 —5 A015 «6 S981 5 3947. 3913. 31879 3.846 3813-43781 = 31748.) 3:717 — 4 4.372 4335 4298 4.262 4.226 4190 4154 4119 4.084 4.049 — 3 4.757 4.717 4.678 4.638 4.600 4.561 4.523 4485 4.447 4.409 —2 D173). josO pe 90874, 5.045. 5:003 4.961 4.920 4.878 4.838 4.797 — 1 5.623 9.577e0, 9.950, 5.485) 5,439 5394) -0:349 75.505" 5.26005 151217 — 0 6.107 6.057 6.007 5.958 5.909 5:800/° 5:612 6" (5.764: S:717* 5670 SMITHSONIAN METEOROLOGICAL TABLES 362 Tem- pera- ture Cie in. Hg. —160.0 1.00810" —159.5 1.071 SSO) 0) ast —158.5 1.209 —158.0 1.285 —157.5 1.365107 —157.0 1.450 —=156.5. 1.539 —156.0 1.634 —155.5 1.734 —155.0 1.84010" —154.5 1.953 —154.0 2.072 —153.5 2.196 —153.0 2.329 —152.5 2.47010" —152.0 2.618 —151.5 2.774 —151.0 2.939 —150.5 3.113 —150.0 3.298107 —149.5 3.492 —149.0 3.698 —148.5 3.914 —148.0 4.143 —147.5 4.38410" —147.0 4.639 —146.5 4.907 —146.0 5.190 —145.5 5.488 —145.0 5.80310 —144.5 6.133 —144.0 6.483 —143.5 6.852 —143.0 7.240 —142.5 7.646107 —142.0 8.076 —141.5 8.416 —141.0 9.005 —140.5 9.518 —140.0 1.00310° —139.5 1.058 —139.0 1.117 —138.5 1.178 —138.0 1.243 = 137.5) 13107 —137.0 1.382 —136.5 1.457 Vapor pressure TABLE 97 SATURATION VAPOR PRESSURE OVER ICE (Explanation on p. 350.) Tem- pera- ture Fs in. Hg. —136.0 1.53610° —135.5 1.619 —135.0 1.706 —134.5 1.798 —134.0 1.894 —133.5 1.995x10° —133.0 2.101 —132.5 2.212 —132.0 2.328 —131.5 2.450 —131.0 2.579<10* —130.5 2.714 —130.0 2.856 —129.5 3.004 —129.0 3.160 —128.5 3.32310° —128.0 3.494 —127.5 3.674 —127.0 3.862 —126.5 4.058 —126.0 4.26510° —125.5 4.481 —125.0 4.708 —124.5 4.945 —124.0 5.194 —123.5 5.454x10° —123.0 5.726 —122.5 6.011 —122.0 6.310 —121.5 6.622 —121.0 6.94910° —120.5 7.291 —120.0 7.649 —119.5 8.022 —119.0 8.414 —118.5 8.82310 —118.0 9.251 —117.5 9.698 —117.0 1.01710° —116.5 1.065 —116.0 1.116 10° —115.5 1.170 —115.0 1.226 —114.5 1.284 —114.0 1.344 —113.5 1.408 10° —113.0 1.474 —112.5 1.544 Vapor pressure SMITHSONIAN METEOROLOGICAL TABLES English units Tem- pera- ture Oa in. Hg. —112.0 1.61610° —111.5 1.691 —111.0 1.770 —110.5 1.852 —110.0 1.938 —109.5 2.027107 —109.0 2.120 —108.5 2.217 —108.0 2.319 —107.5 2.425 —107.0 2.53510° —106.5 2.650 —106.0 2.770 —105.5 2.895 —105.0 3.025 —104.5 3.16010 —104.0 3.301 —103.5 3.448 —103.0 3.602 —102.5 3.762 —102.0 3.92810* —101.5 4.101 —101.0 4.281 —100.5 4.468 —100.0 4.664 — 99.5 4.86710” — 99.0 5.079 — 98.5 5.299 — 98.0 5.528 — 97.5 5.766 — 97.0 6.01410° — 96.5 6.271 Vapor pressure 7.40910 722 .047 385 4109 :0 000090 N13 = NI (=>) WwW ) lon x fan} & (continued) Tem- pera- ture be in. Hg. —88.0 1.25810 —87.5 1.310 —87.0 1.363 —86.5 1.418 —86.0 1.475 —85.5 1.53410“ —85.0 1.596 —84.5 1.660 —84.0 1.727 —83.5 1.796 —83.0 1.86710“ —82.5 1.941 —82.0 2.018 —81.5 2.098 —81.0 2.181 —80.5 2.26610“ —80.0 2.355 —79.5 2.447 —79.0 2.542 —78.5 2.641 —78.0 2.74310" —77.5 2.849 —77.0 2.959 —76.5 3.073 —76.0 3.191 —75.5 3.31310“ —75.0 3.439 —74.5 3.570 —74.0 3.705 —73.5 3.846 —73.0 3.99110“ —72.5 4.141 —72.0 4.296 —71.5 4.457 —71.0 4.624 —70.5 4.79610“ —70.0 4.974 —69.5 5.158 —69.0 5.349 —68.5 5.547 —68.0 5.75110“ —67.5 5.962 —67.0 6.180 —66.5 6.405 —66.0 6.638 —65.5 6.87910“ —65.0 7.128 —64.5 7.386 Vapor pressure Tem- pera- ture one in. Hg. —64.0 7.65210- —63.5 7.927 —63.0 8.211 —62.5 8.505 —62.0 8.808 —61.5 9.12110" —61.0 9.444 —60.5 9.778 —60.0 1.01210" —59.5 1.048 —59.0 1.085107 —58.5 1.123 —58.0 1.162 —57.5 1.202 —57.0 1.244 —56.5 1.287107 —56.0 1.332 —55.5 1.378 —55.0 1.426 —54.5 1.475 —54.0 1.525107 —53.5 1.577 —53.0 1.631 —52.5 1.686 —52.0 1.743 —51.5 1.80210" —51.0 1.863 —50.5 1.925 —50.0 1.990 —49.5 2.057 —49.0 2.12610" —48.5 2.197 —48.0 2.270 —47.5 2.345 —47.0 2.422 —46.5 2.50210" —46.0 2.585 —45.5 2.670 —45.0 2.757 —44.5 2.847 —44.0 2.94010% —43.5 3.036 —43.0 3.134 —42.5 3.235 —42.0 3.340 —41.5 3.44810° —41.0 3.559 —40.5 3.673 —40.0 3.79010" Vapor pressure TABLE 97 (CONTINUED) SATURATION VAPOR PRESSURE CVER Tem- . 4 = ae English units ture 0 Al! 2 a 4 5 6 °F. Unit: 10-3 10-3 10-3 10-3 10-3 10-3 10-8 inj Hie. sin, He, | indlg. )imybes 5 int Ele. in. Hg. in. Hg. —39 4.035 4.010 3.985 3.960 3.935 3.911 3.886 —38 4.295 4268 4.242 4215 4.189 4.163 4.137 —37 4.570 4.542 4514 4486 4.458 4.430 4.403 —36 4862 4.832 4802 4.773 4.743 4.714 4.685 —35 S170 (138 9 S107 = 5.076. 5.045 5.014 4.983 —34 5.497 5.463 5.430 5.397 5.364 5.331, 1) $.299 —33 5.843) 5.808. ur S¥720 043451) 5.702 5.668 5.633 —32 6208). 6.171 '6.133;;, 6.096, 6.059 6.023 5.986 —3l 6.595 6.555 6.516 6.477 6.438 6.399 6.360 —30 7.003 6961 6919 6878 6.837 6.796) 6:755 —29 TASoe TONE FA 1) C.O0St |b 7299 7200} (AAS —28 73016 TBAT IIS FAS: (7-709 7.660 7.614 —27 8.373 8.324 8.274 8.226 8.177 8.129 8.081 —26 8.882 8.830 8778 8.726 8.675 8.624 8.573 —25 9420 7 9300 | 9310" " 9256 7 9-201 9.147 9.094 —24 9.987 9.929 9871 9.814 9.756 9.700 9.643 —23 10.59 1052 1046 1040 10.34 10.28 10.22 —22 11.22 11.16 11.09 11.03 10.96 10.90 10.84 —21 11.88 11.81 11.74 11.68 11.61 11.54 11.48 —20 12.59 12.52 12.45 12.37 12.30 12.23 12.16 Wnitssin He injklgs inne. ins Eg.) in: He: in. Hg. in. Hg. ICE 7] 8 10-8 10-3 in. Hg. in. Hg. 3.862 3.838 4.111 4.086 4.376 4.349 4656 4.627 4.952 4.922 5.266 5.234 5.599 5.565 5.950 5.914 6.322 6.284 Gr 5OLO75 7.130 7.087 7.569 7.524 8.033 7.985 8.523 8.472 9.040 8.987 91587) 1) 935311 10.16 10.10 10.78 10.71 11.41 5 12.09 12.02 in. Hg. in. Hg. —19 0.01333 0.01325 0.01318 0.01310 0.01303 0.01296 0.01288 0.01281 0.01274 —18 0.01410 0.01402 0.01394 0.01386 0.01378 0.01371 0.01363 0.01355 0.01348 —17 0.01493 0.01485 0.01476 0.01468 0.01459 0.01451 0.01443 0.01435 0.01426 —16 0.01579 0.01570 0.01561 0.01553 0.01544 0.01535 0.01527 0.01518 0.01510 —15 0.01670 0.01661 0.01651 0.01642 0.01633 0.01624 0.01615 0.01606 0.01597 —14 0.01766 0.01756 0.01746 0.01737 0.01727 = 0.01717 0.01708 0.01698 0.01689 —13 0.01867 0.01857 0.01846 0.01836 0.01826 0.01816 0.01806 0.01796 0.01786 —12 0.01974 0.01963 0.01952 0.01941 0.01931 0.01920 0.01909 0.01899 0.01888 —l1 0.02086 0.02075 0.02063 0.02052 0.02041 0.02029 0.02018 0.02007 0.01996 —10 0.02203 0.02191 0.02179 0.02167 0.02155 0.02144 0.02132 0.02120 0.02109 —9 0.02327 0.02314 0.02302 0.02289 0.02277 0.02264 0.02252 0.02240 0.02227 —8 0.02457 0.02444 0.02430 0.02417 0.02404 0.02391 0.02378 0.02365 0.02352 —7 0.02594 0.02580 0.02566 0.02552 0.02538 0.02525 0.02511 0.02497 0.02484 —6 0.02737 0.02722 0.02708 0.02693 0.02679 0.02664 0.02650 0.02636 0.02622 —5 0.02888 0.02873 0.02857 0.02842 0.02827 0.02812 0.02796 0.02781 0.02767 —4 0.03047 0.03031 0.03015 0.02999 0.02983 0.02967 0.02951 0.02935 0.02919 — 3 0.03213 0.03196 0.03179 0.03162 0.03146 0.03129 0.03112 0.03096 0.03079 —2 0.03388 0.03370 0.03352 0.03335 0.03317 0.03299 0.03282 0.03265 0.03247 —1 0.03572 0.03553 0.03535 0.03516 0.03497 0.03479 0.03461 0.03442 0.03424 —0 0.03764 0.03744 0.03725 0.03705 0.03686 0.03667 0.03648 0.03629 0.03610 0.06192 0.06223 0 0.03764 0.03784 0.03804 0.03824 0.03844 0.03864 0.03884 0.03904 0.03925 1 0.03966 0.03987 0.04008 0.04029 0.04050 0.04071 0.04092 0.04113 0.04135 Z 0.04178 0.04200 0.04222 0.04243 0.04265 0.04288 0.04310 0.04332 0.04355 3 0.04400 0.04423 0.04446 0.04469 0.04492 0.04515 0.04538 0.04562 0.04585 4 0.04633 0.04657 0.04681 0.04705 0.04730 0.04754 0.04779 0.04803 0.04828 5 0.04878 0.04903 0.04928 0.04954 0.04979 0.05004 0.05030 0.05056 0.05082 6 0.05134 0.05160 0.05187 0.05213 0.05240 0.05266 0.05293 0.05320 0.05347 7 0.05402 0.05430 0.05457 0.05485 0.05513 = 0.05541 0.05569 0.05597 0.05626 8 0.05683 0.05712 0.05741 0.05770 0.05799 0.05828 0.05858 0.05887 0.05917 9 0.05977 0.06007 0.06038 0.06068 0.06099 0.06130 0.06161 10 0.06286 0.06317 0.06349 0.06381 0.06413 0.06445 0.06477 0.06510 0.06542 (continued) SMITHSONIAN METEOROLOGICAL TABLES 363 9 10-3 in. Hg. 3.814 4.060 4.322 4.598 4.892 5.202 5.531 5.879 6.246 6.635 7.045 7.479 7.938 8.423 8.934 9.475 10.05 10.65 11.28 11.95 in. Hg. 0.01266 0.01340 0.01418 0.01501 0.01588 0.01679 0.01776 0.01877 0.01985 0.02097 0.02215 0.02340 0.02470 0.02608 0.02752 0.02904 0.03063 0.03230 0.03406 0.03591 0.03945 0.04156 0.04377 0.04609 0.04853 0.05108 0.05375 0.05654 0.05947 0.06255 0.06575 364 Tem- ture 0 ors in. Hg. 10 0.06286 11 0.06608 12 0.06946 13 0.07300 14 0.07669 15 0.08056 16 0.08461 17 0.08884 18 0.09326 19 0.09789 20 0.1027 Zl 0.1078 22 0.1130 23 0.1186 24 0.1243 25 0.1303 26 0.1366 27 0.1431 28 0.1500 29 0.1571 30 0.1645 31 0.1723 32 0.1803 al in. Hg. 0.06317 0.06641 0.06981 0.07336 0.07707 0.08096 0.08502 0.08927 0.09371 0.09836 0.1032 0.1083 0.1136 0.1192 0.1249 0.1309 0.1372 0.1438 0.1507 0.1578 0.1653 0.1731 2 in. Hg. 0.06349 0.06674 0.07016 0.07372 0.07745 0.08136 0.08544 0.08971 0.09417 0.09884 0.1037 0.1088 0.1141 0.1197 0.1255 0.1315 0.1379 0.1445 0.1514 0.1585 0.1660 0.1739 TABLE 97 (CONCLUDED) SATURATION VAPOR PRESSURE OVER ICE English units a in. Hg. 0.06381 0.06708 0.07051 0.07409 0.07783 0.08176 0.08586 0.09014. 0.09463 0.09932 0.1042 0.1093 0.1147 0.1203 0.1261 0.1322 0.1385 0.1451 0.1521 0.1593 0.1668 0.1747 SMITHSONIAN METEOROLOGICAL TABLES 4 in. Hg. 0.06413 0.06741 0.07086 0.07445 0.07822 0.08216 0.08628 0.09058 0.09509 0.09980 0.1047 0.1098 0.1152 0.1208 0.1267 0.1328 0.1392 0.1458 0.1528 0.1600, 0.1676 0.1755 o in. Hg. 0.06445 0.06775 0.07121 0.07482 0.07860 0.08256 0.08670 0.09102 0.09555 0.1003 0.1052 0.1104 0.1158 0.1214 0.1273 0.1334 0.1398 0.1465 0.1535 0.1608 0.1684 0.1763 6 in. Hg. 0.06477 0.06809 0.07157 0.07519 0.07899 0.08297 0.08713 0.09147 0.09601 0.1008 0.1057 0.1109 0.1163 0.1220 0.1279 0.1341 0.1405 0.1472 0.1542 0.1615 0.1692 0.1771 ev in. Hg. 0.06510 0.06843 0.07192 0.07556 0.07938 0.08338 0.08755 0.09191 0.09648 0.1013 0.1063 0.1114 0.1169 0.1226 0.1285 0.1347 0.1411 0.1479 0.1549 0.1622 0.1699 0.1779 8 in. Hg. 0.06542 0.06877 0.07228 0.07594 0.07977 0.08379 0.08798 0.09236 0.09695 0.1018 0.1068 0.1119 0.1175 0.1231 0.1291 0.1353 0.1418 0.1486 0.1557 0.1630 0.1707 0.1787 9 in. Hg. 0.06575 0.06911 0.07264 0.07631 0.08016 0.08420 0.08841 0.09281 0.09742 0.1022 0.1073 0.1125 0.1180 0.1237 0.1297 0.1360 0.1424 0.1493 0.1564 0.1637 0.1715 0.1795 TABLES 98 AND 99 365 REDUCTION OF PSYCHROMETRIC DATA Two distinct theories of the psychrometer have been advanced, the convection theory of August and the diffusion theory of Maxwell. Both predict the same (correct) form of the humidity-temperature relationship, but neither gives a correct value for the propor- tionality constants because of their physical incompleteness. Arnold’ has presented an analysis which embodies the effects of convection, diffusion, and radiation. In agreement with theory, many empirical workers have verified, for the system water- air, the validity in restricted range of air velocities of the expression ie teem (1) b(t—?#) where: t = air temperature, t’ = wet-bulb temperature, p = barometric pressure, é = vapor pressure in the air, e’ = saturation vapor pressure at temperature ?’, A = proportionality factor which for a given ventilation velocity and instrument varies slightly with ?’. From an examination of a large number of observations, Ferrel? obtained for centigrade temperatures A = 0.000660(1 + 0.001152’) (2) Subsequent investigations by Brooks and Allen* and others have resulted in slightly dif- ferent constants, but this difference is so slight that there is no advantage in altering the conventional formula of Ferrel and thereby destroying consistency in psychrometric ob- servations. Although Ferrel’s observations included only a very limited number of cases with wet-bulb temperatures below freezing and these in the neighborhood of 0 °C., they indicated the constants that applied to liquid-covered wet bulbs also applied to ice-covered. Brooks and Allen have substantiated his results provided the wet-bulb is covered with a frozen wick.* In experiments using a thin layer of ice directly on the bulb, the constants of Ferrel were invalid and should be multiplied by the ratio of the latent heat of evapora- tion of water to that of ice which is 0.882. Psychrometric observations—In making psychrometric observations, Resolution 145, International Meteorological Organization, Twelfth Conference of Directors (Washington, 1947) recommends that air be drawn past the bulbs at a rate not less than 4 meters per second and not greater than 10 meters per second, if the thermometers are of the types ordinarily used at meteorological stations. Resolution 145 also emphasizes the necessity for using clean, washed wicks and pure water, and draws attention to the fact that supercooled water may exist on the bulb at temperatures well below 0 °C., and that if this is not noticed by the observer, very serious errors will occur. The freezing can be initiated by touching the bulb with clean snow or ice, a pencil, or other object. For a discussion on low-temperature psychometry see Wile.® While concise, Tables 98 and 99 are not best suited for routine use in reducing psychro- metric observations. Where many reductions are to be made, access should be obtained to one of the many tables,* " nomograms,® and slide rules ® constructed for this purpose. 1 Arnold, J. Howard, The theory of the psychrometer, Physics, vol. 4, pp. 255-262, 334-340, 1933. See also Dropkin, David, The deviation of the actual wet-bulb temperature from the temperature of adiabatic saturation, Cornell Univ. Eng. Exp. Stat. Bull. 23, 1936; Effect of radiation on psy- chrometry readings, Cornell Univ. Eng. Exp. Stat. Bull. 26, 1939. 2 Ferrel, Wm., Ann. Rep. Chief Signal Officer, 1886, app. 24, pp. 233-259. § Brooks, Donald B., and Allen, H. H., Journ. Washington Acad. Sci., pp. 121-134, 1933. 4 Note.—On the basis of certain other investigations, some European psychrometer tables use as the value of A for ice-covered bulbs 0.882 times the value of A for water, e.g., see Trabert, W., Jelineks Psychrometer-Tafeln, Leipzig, 1911. 5 Wile, D. D., Psychrometry in the frost zone, Refrig. Eng., October 1944. 6 Marvin, C. F., Psychrometric tables, U. S. Dep. Commerce, Weather Bur., No. 235, 1941. 7 Goodman, William, Air conditioning analysis with psychrometric charts and tables, 455 pp., Mac- millan, 1943. 8 Brooks, D. B., Psychrometric charts for high and low pressures, Nat. Bur. Stand. Misc. Publ. M 146, 1935. ®U. S. Weather Bur. Psychrometric calculator, Nos. 1183 and 1184. (continued) SMITHSONIAN METEOROLOGICAL TABLES 366 TABLES 98 AND 99 (CONTINUED) REDUCTION OF PSYCHROMETRIC DATA Table 98, Centigrade Temperatures.—Equation (1) can be rewritten e =e’ — [0.000660(1 + 0.00115#’) ]p(t — t’) (3) or e=e' — Ae where Ae = [0.000660(1 + 0.001152’) ]p(¢ — t’), temperatures are in °C., and p, e, and e’ are in the same pressure units. Table 98 gives values of Ae in millibars for a pressure p of 1000 mb. for various values of the wet-bulb temperature t’ and of the depression of the wet-bulb (t—?’). Since [0.000660(1 + 0.00115¢’)]p(#—?') is linear in both p and (t—t') values of Ae for another barometric pressure p may be found by multiplying the tabular value by ~/1000. In practice it is sufficient to use the nearest round 100 mb. value so that this operation can be performed by subtraction (e.g., if p—=900 mb., subtract 0.1 Ae from Ae, etc.). The linearity in (¢ — t’) enables rapid computations for fractions of a degree depression of the wet-bulb (e.g., if (t — t’) =2.4°, Ae is one-tenth the value for 24°). For ordinary purposes the #’ column for the temperature nearest the wet-bulb temperature may be used; for extreme precision Ae should be interpolated linearly for ?’. Instructions for use of Table 98.— To obtain e, the vapor pressure of the air: 1. Determine e’ the saturation vapor pressure at the wet-bulb temperature (a) if the wet-bulb temperature is 0 °C. or above use Table 94 (e’ for water) ; (b) if the wet-bulb temperature is below 0 °C. use Table 96 (e’ for ice). 2. Determine Ae at a pressure of 1000 mb. (Aes) from Table 98. 3. Reduce Aéioo to the appropriate pressure p by: (a) multiplying Aesoo by ~/1000, or (b) substracting 0.1 Aexoo from Aeésoo if pressure is 900 mb., 0.2 Aesoo if 800 mb., etc 4. Subtract Ae from e’, the result is the desired vapor pressure e. Example.—Given ¢ = 40.1 °C., t! = 36.9 °C,, (¢—?’) =3.2 °C., p=923 mb. 1. From Table 94, ce’ = 62.421 mb. 2. From Table 98, with t’= 40 °C., and p= 1000 mb. Aciow for (¢ —t’) = 32 °C. is 22.092 mb., therefore for (¢ — t’) = 3.2 °C., Aesoo = 2.209 mb. 3. For 900 mb. Ae = Aes — 0.1 Aesoo0 = 2.209 — 0.221 = 1.988 mb., 4. e=e' — Ae = 62.421 — 1.988 = 60.433 mb. Table 99, Fahrenheit temperatures——For Fahrenheit temperature (3) can be rewritten Ve —[ 0.000367(1 + S71 ae) joey (4) or e=e'— he where Ae = 0.000367 (: -}- a) | p(t — t’), temperatures are in °F., and p, e, and e’ are in the same pressure units. Table 99 gives values of Ae in inches of mercury for a pressure p of 30 in. Hg. (with auxiliary columns for p= 1 in. Hg.) for various values of the wet-bulb temperature ¢’ and of the depression of the wet-bulb (t —?#'). Since Ae is linear in both p and (t—t'), values of Ae for another barometric pressure p (in. Hg.) may be found by multiplying the value for 1 in. Hg. by p, or by a lineai combination of the 30 and 1 in. Hg. columns. (E.g., if p= 29 in. Hg., subtract the value of Ae for 1 in. Hg. from the value of Ae for 30 in. Hg.). The linearity in (f — t’) enables rapid compu- tations for fractions of a degree depression of the wet-bulb (e.g., if (f — t’) =2.4°, Ae is one-tenth the value for 24°). For ordinary purposes the ¢’ column for the temperature nearest the wet-bulb temperature may be used, or for extreme precision Ac should be interpolated linearly. Instructions for the use of Table 99.—To obtain e, the vapor pressure of the air: 1. Determine e’ the saturation vapor pressure at the wet-bulb temperature (a) if the wet-bulb temperature is 32 °F. or above use Table 95, (e’ for water) : (b) if the wet-bulb temperature is below 32 °F. use Table 97 (ce’ for ice). (continued) SMITHSONIAN METEOROLOGICAL TABLES TABLES 98 AND 99 (CONTINUED) 367 REDUCTION OF PSYCHROMETRIC DATA 2. Determine Ae for a pressure of 30 in. Hg. (Aes) and Ae for a pressure 1 in. Hg. (Ae:). 3. Reduce to Ae for the appropriate pressure p by: (a) multiplying Ae: by p (in. Hg.), or (b) linearly combining Aég and Ae; e.g., if p= 28 in. Hg. Ae = Aeg — 2Aé. 4. Subtract Ae from e’, the result is the desired vapor pressure. Example.—Given ¢ = 58.5 °F., #/ = 54.8 °F., ¢— t! = 3.7 °F. p = 28.73 in. Hg. 1. From Table 95, e’ = 0.43248 in. Hg. 2. From Table 99, with t’ = 60 °F. and (¢— t’) =3.7 °F. Ae for 30 in. Hg. (Aen) = 0.41463 in. Hg., Ae for 1 in. Hg. (Ae:) = 0.01382 in. Hg. and for (¢—?’) = 3.7 °F. Aes = 0.04146 in. Hg. Ac: = 0.00138 in. Hg. 3. For p=29 in. Hg. Ae = Aes — Ae: = 0.04146 — 0.00138 = 0.04008 in. He. 4. e=e' — Ae = 0.43248 — 0.04008 = 0.39240 in. Hg. Dew point.—Resolutions 180 and 184 of the Twelfth Conference of Directors (Wash- ington, 1947) recommend the use of dew point (not frost point) in all synoptic surface and upper air reports including those in circumstances where the vapor pressure is lower than the saturated vapor pressure at 0 °C. (32 °F.). To obtain the dew point correspond- ing to the vapor pressure computed above, enter the body of the table “Saturation Vapor Pressure Over Water” (Table 94 for vapor pressure in millibars, Table 95 for vapor pressure in inches of mercury) and read off the corresponding dew-point temperature. (E.g., if e = 60.433 mb., the dew-point temperature = 36.3 °C., if e = 0.39240 in. Hg., the dew-point temperature = 52.1 °F.) Frost point.—Frost-point temperatures may be determined in the same manner as the dew-point temperature; use the tables “Saturation Vapor Pressure Over Ice’ (Table 96 for vapor pressure in millibars, Table 97 for vapor pressure in inches of mercury). Relative humidity—Resolution 166 of the Twelfth Conference of Directors (Wash- ington, 1947) (see Table 93) redefines the relative humidity as 100 r/rw percent, where r is the mixing ratio of the air at the given pressure and temperature and 7w is the satura- tion mixing ratio over water at the same temperature and pressure. This value may be closely approximated by the ratio 100 e/e» where e is the vapor pressure as obtained above and éw is the saturation vapor pressure over water at the dry-bulb temperature. The approximate relative humidity so determined will differ from the true relative humidity at most by 24 percent under the extreme conditions of about 50 percent relative humidity and a very high temperature of about 50 °C. At 0 percent relative humidity there is no difference and at 100 percent the difference is negligible. At a temperature of 10 °C. and 50 percent relative humidity the difference is about 0.5 percent. (continued ) SMITHSONIAN METEOROLOGICAL TABLES 368 TABLE 98 REDUCTION OF PSYCHROMETRIC OBSERVATIONS Centigrade temperatures Values of Ae = 0.000660(1 + 0.00115t’) p(t —#’) for p=1000 mb. Depcen (See p. 365 for discussion and explanation of table.) ElOeE | Wet-bulb temperature t’ — °C. Tt E50) AO hy 40th ge-20.0 VN 1ONEe 1D 4 = 20 tiakesd mb. mb. mb. mb. mb. mb. mb. mb. mb. 0? 00 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1 0.6220 0.6296 0.6372 0.6448 0.6524 0.6600 0.6676 0.675 0.683 2 1.2441 1.2593 1.2745 1.2896 1.3048 1.3200 1.3352 1.350 1.366 3 1.8662 1.8889 1.9117 1.9345 1.9572 1.9800 2.0028 2.026 2.048 4 24882 2.5186 2.5489 2.5793 2.6096 2.6400 2.6704 2.701 2.731 5 3.1102 3.1482 3.1862 3.2241 3.2620 3.3000 3.3380 3.376 3.414 6 3.7323 3.7778 3.8234 3.8689 3.9145 3.9600 4.0055 4.051 4.097 7 4.3544 4.4075 4.4606 4.5137 4.5669 4.6200 4.6731 4.726 4.779 8 4.9764 5.0371 5.0978 5.1586 5.2193 5.2800 5.3407 5.401 5.462 9 5.5984 5.6668 5.7351 5.8034 5.8717 5.9400 6.0083 6.077 6.145 10 6.6000 6.6759 6.752 6.828 11 73435: 7427, 7.510 12 8.0111 8.102 8.193 13 8.6787 8.777 8.876 14 9.3463 9.453 9.559 15 10.0138 10.128 10.242 16 10.6814 10.803 10.924 17 11.3490 11.478 11.607 18 12.0166 12.153 12.290 19 12.6842 12.828 12.973 20 13.504 13.655 21 14.179 14.338 22 14.854 15.021 23 15.529 15.704 24 16.204 16.386 25 16.880 17.069 26 17,555> 04-752 7H 18.230 18.435 28 18.905 19.118 29 19.580 19.800 30 20.255 20.483 31 20.931 21.166 32 21.606 21.849 33 22.281 22.531 34 22.956 23.214 35 23.631 23.897 SMITHSONIAN METEOROLOGICAL TABLES Values of Ae = 0.000367p(t — #’) (G id TABLE 99 REDUCTION OF PSYCHROMETRIC OBSERVATIONS Fahrenheit temperatures 1571 (See p. 365 for discussion and explanation of table.) Wet-bulb temperature t’ — °F. eer as tb 0 20 40 60 ata s0ingg pling, » 30i. ) Pins), SOim valine) s0imy ! Lin. ite ine ins He. ins e. ing Mes ine.) sins es) injec. 1 0.01079 0.00036 0.01093 0.00037 0.01107 0.00037 0.01121 0.00038 2 02157 .00072 .02185 .00072 .02213 .00073 .02241 .00074 3 .03236 .00108 .03278 .00109 .03320 .00111 .03362 .00112 4 04314 00144 04370 .00146 04426 00148 .04482 .00150 5 0.05393 0.00180 0.05463 0.00183 0.05533 0.00185 0.05603 0.00187 6 .06471 .00216 .06556 .00218 .06640 .00221 .06724 .00224 7 07550 .00252 .07648 .00255 .07746 .00258 .07844 .00262 8 .08629 .00288 .08741 .00292 .08853 .00295 .08965 .00299 9 .09707 .00323 .09833 .00327 .09959 .00332 .10086 .00336 10 0.10926 0.00364 0.11066 0.00369 0.11206 0.00374 11 12018 .00401 .12173 .00406 .12327 .00411 12 13279 .00442 .13447 .00448 ils) .14386 .00479 .14568 .00486 14 15492 .00517 .15689 .00523 15 0.16599 0.00553 0.16809 0.00560 16 17706 .00590 .17930 .00597 17 18812 .00627 .19051 .00635 18 19919 .00664 .20171 .00673 19 21025 .00701 .21292 .00709 20 0.22132 0.00738 0.22412 0.00747 21 .23239 .00775 .23533 .00785 22 .24654 .00821 23 25774 .00859 24 .26895 .00897 25 0.28015 0.00934 26 29136 .00971 2h 30257 .01009 28 .31377 .01046 29 32498 .01083 30 0.33619 0.01121 .34739 .01158 .35860 .01195 36980 .01233 .38101 .01270 0.39222 0.01307 .40342 .01345 ‘ 41463 .01382 Benes Wet-bulb temperature ¢’ — °F. 42584 .01420 sion of —40 —20 43704 .01456 Fon 0.44825 0.01494 30in. lin. 30in, lin. . . rive in. Hg. in. Hg. in. He. in. He. 45945 01532 1 0.010505 0.000353 0.010646 0.000358 47066 ae alee 2 021011 .000697 .021291 .000706 : 49307 : 1644 3 031516 .001050 .031937 .001064 0 4 .042022 .001403 .042582 .001421 0.50428 0.01681 5 0.052527 0.001756 0.053228 0.001779 ; i 6 063032 .002099 .063873 .002127 LN UN Z 073538 .002452 .074519 .002485 8 .084043 .002805 .085165 .002843 9 094549 .003149 .095810 .003191 SMITHSONIAN METEOROLOGICAL TABLES ! — =2)) for p= 30 in. Hg. and 1 in. Hg. 80 30 in. 1 in. in. Hg. in. He. 0.01135 0.00038 02269 .00075 03404 .00113 04539 .00151 0.05673 0.00190 06808 .00227 07942 .00265 09077 .00303 10212 .00340 0.11346 0.00378 12481 .00416 13616 .00453 14750 .00492 15885 .00530 0.17020 0.00567 18154 .00605 19289 .00643 20423 .00681 21558 .00718 0.22693 0.00756 .23827 .00795 24962 .00832 .26097 .00870 .27231 .00908 0.28366 0.00946 29501 .00983 30635 .01021 31770 .01059 32904 .01097 0.34039 0.01135 39174 .01173 36308 .01210 37443 01248 38578 .01286 0.39712 0.01323 40847 .01361 41982 .01399 43116 .01438 44251 = .01475 0.45385 0.01513 46520 .01551 47655 01588 42 48789 .01626 49924 .01664 0.51059 0.01702 92193 .01740 93328 .01778 54463 .01816 99997 .01853 0.56732 0.01891 369 ri WOONOAH RWNr 370 TABLE 100 RATIO OF THE SATURATION VAPOR PRESSURE OVER WATER TO THAT OVER ICE AT THE SAME TEMPERATURE Values of ©” for centigrade temperatures where ew is the saturation vapor pressure over e water and e; the saturation vapor pressure over ice °C. 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 — 1.000 1.010 1.020 1.030 1.040 1050,.1.060° 1071 O8l > 2092 —10 POZA. e247 1135) 1146 1157 “L168 “Visi “L192” V.204 —20 W215) tyleZ27 aeZ39 e252, 15264 1.276° » 12289 1-301 «(1314 yar —30 S40 3540) 1.360 91.3798 51.392 1.406 1.420 1433 1.446 1.460 —40 1.474 1488 1.502 1.516 1.530 15543) 18558) e573 SSe7 LGU Values of ©” for Fahrenheit temperatures es oi 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 30 1.011 1.006 1.000 20 1.067 1.061 1.056 1.050 1.044 1.039) 1.033% 'V027 26), 1.022, S02 O16 10 PAZ AO Va a AOS rah 102 1.096 1.090 1.085 1.079 1.073 0 TO PASS ay TLAGry) L170 eT. 164 L157) 6 VAST TV 145: ne PASO sel SS — 0 PESOe 119665 1.2035) 1.209) 91.215 1.222), 1.229%) 1.235;,1.24205 1 249 —10 £2560 0) 1.26210 11.2699) 11.2760 01:283 1.2901) 9 -29742041.304 1.311 Costs —20 V325!, 1.33305, 1.34007, 1.3479)1.354 1.362) 1.368". 1.376 1.383 - £390 —30 1.398 1.406 1.413 1.421 1.428 1.436 1.443 1.450 1.459 1.466 —40 1.474 1.481 1.489 1.498 1.505 1.513) "12521 Y “1529 " 1.537 Seta —50 1.552 1.560 1.568 1.576 1.584 1.591 1.600 1.608 1.615 1.623 TABLE 101 RATIO OF THE SATURATION VAPOR PRESSURE OVER ICE TO THAT OVER WATER AT THE SAME TEMPERATURE Values of -°+ for centigrade temperatures Cw °¢ 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 — 0 1.000 990 981 971 962 953 943 934 925 916 —10 907 899 890 881 873 864 856 847 839 831 —20 823 815 807 799 791 784 776 769 761 754 —30 746 739 732 725 718 711 704 698 691 685 —40 678 672 666 660 654 648 642 636 630 625 —50 619 Values of = for Fahrenheit temperatures °F. 0 i 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 30 989 .994 1.000 20 937 .942 947 953 958 963 968 973 979 984 10 888 893 897 902 .907 912 917 922 927 932 0 841 845 850 855 859 864 868 873 878 883 — 0 841 836 832 827 823 818 814 809 805 801 —10 796 792 788 784 779 775 771 767 763 759 —20 755 750 746 742 739 734 731 727 723 719 —30 715 711 708 704 .700 696 693 690 686 682 —40 678 675 672 668 .665 661 658 654 651 648 ce ae 641 638 635 631 628 625 622 619 616 SMITHSONIAN METEOROLOGICAL TABLES TABLE 102 371 DEW-POINT CONVERSION CHART Showing the relationship between dew point with respect to water and dew point with respect to ice, frost point. Centigrade temperatures ICE —45°C ~40° —35° —30°C —50°C —45° —40° —35°C WATER ICE -35°C —30° —25° —20° -15°C ral =35°C —30° —25° —20°C WATER ICE 20°C —15° —10° —5° orc —20°C —15° —10° —5° orc WATER Fahrenheit temperatures ICE —50°F —45° —40° -—35° —30°F | —60°F —55° —50° -45° —40°F WATER ICE -35°F —30° —25° —20° -15°F —40°F —35° —30° —25° _20° WATER ae ICE —20°F —15° —10° 5° OF -25°F —20° —15° —10° —5°F WATER ICE -5°F 0 oS 10°F WATER ICE 10°F 15° 20° 25° 30° 32°F 10° 15° 20° 25° 30° 32°F WATER SMITHSONIAN METEOROLOGICAL TABLES TABLE 103 VARIATION OF SATURATION VAPOR PRESSURE OVER WATER WITH TEMPERATURE 372 Mew This table contains values of where éw is the saturation vapor pressure over water and T is the temperature (°K.). Values were computed from the formula dew = (67905 — 5.02808T +. 4916.8 X 10-7 T? + 174209 >< 10 — i) obtained Py differentiating the Goff-Gratch equation for the saturation vapor pressure over water — (see p. 350). Tem- pera- 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 ture °C mb. °K.-1 . ——_— eS eo —50 0.007286 —40 0.01962 0.01785 0.01623 0.01473 0.01337 0.01211 0.01097 0.009916 0.008958 0.008084 —30 0.04802 0.04409 0.04043 0.03706 0.03393 0.03104 0.02837 0.02591 0.02364 0.02155 —20 0.1081 0.1000 0.09248 0.08544 0.07887 0.07276 0.06706 0.06176 0.05684 0.05226 —10 0.2262 0.2108 0.1962 0.1826 0.1698 0.1577 0.1465 0.1359 0.1260 0.1168 — 0 0.4438 0.4160 0.3897 0.3649 0.3414 0.3193 0.2984 0.2787 0.2601 0.2427 0 0.4438 0.4732 0.5043 0.5370 0.5717 0.6082 0.6467 0.6872 0.7299 0.7749 10 0.8222 0.8720 0.9244 0.9793 1.037 1.098 1.161 1.228 1.298 MSvAll 20 1.448 (e528 GZ ay 1eZ008 L792 1.888 1.988 2.093 2.202 2.316 30 2.435 2.560 2.689 2.824 2.964 SlO) 3262) 3420 3.585 3.755 40 3.933 4118 4.309 4.508 4.715 4629) 55) 5.381 5.620 5.867 50 6.123 6.388 6.662 6.946 7.240 7.544 7.858 8.182 8.518 8.864 60 9.221 TABLE 104 VARIATION OF SATURATION VAPOR PRESSURE OVER ICE WITH TEMPERATURE This table contains values of a where e; is the saturation vapor pressure over ice and TJ is the temperature (°K.). Values were computed from the formula dex et 2 Cees CU : i 4T —0. wT (5721.9 + 3.5665 0.007390877) obtained by differentiating the Goff-Gratch equation for the saturation vapor pressure over ice (see p. 350). Tem- ture 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 <(G5 Unit: 10-5 mb. °K.-1 —100 0.2863 — 90 1.766 1.486 1.248 1.046 0.8745 0.7299 0.6080 0.5051 0.4191 0.3468 — 80 8.998 7.705 6.588 5.624 4.792 4.075 3.460 2.933 2.481 2.096 — 70 38.91 33.84 29:38 25:47) 022.05 19:07. 16.45 214.19: e220 aos — 60 146.1 128.8 Lr3.3 99.60 87.43 76.65 67.11 58.68 51.24 44.68 Unit: 10-* mb. °K.-1 Ce ae oS. — 50 4.859 4.331 3.856 3.429 3.047 2:702 “23967 2021 S76 loge — 40 14.52 13.07 11.75 10.56 9.484 8.505 7.620 6.819 6.097 5.445 — 30 39.52 35.89 92.57. °29.54...126.76 24.22 21.90 19.79 «37:84 16.11 — 20 99.05 90.65 82.91 75.78 69.21 63.16 57.60 52.49 47.79 43.48 Unit: mb. °K.-1 — 10 0.2306 0.2126 0.1958 0.1803 0.1658 0.1524 0.1401 0.1285 0.1179 0.1081 — 0 0.5029 0.4665 0.4324 0.4006 0.3709 0.3432 0.3174 0.2932 0.2708 0.2500 SMITHSONIAN METEOROLOGICAL TABLES TABLE 105 373 SATURATION VAPCR PRESSURE OVER WATER OF SALINITY 35%, ? The saturation vapor pressure over a plane surface of pure water depends only on the temperature of the water. The salinity decreases the saturation vapor pressure slightly, the empirical relation being @s = €w (1 — 0.000537S) where é. = saturation vapor pressure over sea water at a given temperature, é@w = saturation vapor pressure over a plane surface of pure water at the same temperature, S = salinity in parts per thousand (%). Values of es computed for a salinity of 35% are given in the table. Tempera- Vapor Tempera- Vapor Tempera- Vapor Tempera- Vapor ture pressure ture pressure ture pressure ture pressure 7G; mb. °C: mb. XC mb. SC; mb. —2 5.19 7 9.83 16 17.85 25 31.12 —1 5:57 8 10.52 17 19.02 26 33.01 0 5.99 9 11.26 18 20.26 27 35.02 1 6.44 10 12.05 19 21.57 28 37.13 2 6.92 11 12.88 20 22.96 29 39.33 3 7.43 12 13.76 21 24.42 30 41.68 4 7.98 13 14.70 22 25.96 31 44.13 5 8.56 14 15.69 23 27.59 32 46.71 6 9.17 15 16.74 24 2930 1 Sverdrup, H. U., Johnson, M. W., and Fleming, R. H., The oceans, p. 116. Copyright 1942, by Prentice-Hall, Inc., New York. SMITHSONIAN METEOROLOGICAL TABLES 374 TABLE 106 EQUILIBRIUM SUPERSATURATION OVER SOLUTION DROPLETS? Effect of curvature—Kelvin”? has shown that the curvature of water droplets tends to increase the equilibrium vapor pressure over the droplet in accordance with the equation log. = ay (1) where €w = equilibrium vapor pressure over a flat water surface, e’« = equilibrium vapor pressure over a curved water surface, ‘y = surface tension of water, R.= gas constant for water vapor, p = density of water, T = temperature, °K., r = radius of curvature of the water surface. Effect of dissolved substances—According to Raoult’s Law, which is valid for solutions dilute enough to be almost wholly dissociated, the vapor pressure over a solution is given by Ce" « — Cw eae M' Cw ae M oe M' (2) where e” » = equilibrium vapor pressure over a flat surface of solution, M = number of mols of the solvent, M' = number of mols of the solute. Howell shows that the order of magnitude of the molecular concentration present in atmospheric droplets at high relative humidities ‘is such that the validity of Raoult’s Law can be presumed for any nucleus likely to be activated during atmospheric processes. Combined effect of curvature and dissolved substance——Howell has computed the equilibrium vapor pressure over solution droplets by combining equations (1) and (2). The percent supersaturation relative to a plane surface of pure water is given for T = 273, 263, 253, 243, and 233 °K. as a function of logio r and m, where r is the radius of the droplet in centimeters and n the mass of the condensation nucleus, in gram mole- cular weights (mols). Since the molecular weights of the commonest hygroscopic sub- stances in the atmosphere occupy a much narrower range than do the masses of the nuclei, it may be said in general that the activity of soluble nucleus at condensation depends primarily on its mass and only to a minor degree on its chemical composition. In the range of relative humidities occurring during its natural formation and dissolu- tion of fog and cloud, the variations of relative humidity from equilibrium are of the same order of magnitude as the degrees of supersaturation indicated in the table. There- fore the vapor pressure in the cloudy air is equal to the equilibrium vapor pressure derivable from the tables only when the droplets are of uniform size and are not under- going growth or evaporation. 1 Howell, W. E., The growth of cloud droplets in uniformly cooled air, Sc.D. dissertation, Mass. Inst. Techn., 1948. Also Journ. Meteorol., vol. 6, p. 134, 1949. 2 Kelvin, Lord, Proc. Roy. Soc. Edinburgh, vol. 7, p. 63, 1870. (continued ) SMITHSONIAN METEOROLOGICAL TABLES logio7 (cm.) 0 % —2.5 0.003796 —2.6 00478 —2.7 -00602 —2.8 00757 —2.9 00954 —3.0 0.01200 —3.1 -01511 —3.2 -01902 —3.3 -02395 —3.4 03018 —3.5 0.03796 —3.6 0478 —3.7 0602 —3.8 .0757 —3.9 0954 —4.0 0.1200 —4.1 1611 —4.2 1902 4.3 2395 —4.4 3018 —4.5 0.3799 —4.6 479 4.7 -604 —4.8 -760 —4.9 958 —65.0 1.207 —65.1 1.623 —5.2 1.920 —5.3 2.424 —5.4 3.064 —5.5 3.868 —5.6 4.90 —5.7 6.21 —5.8 7.84 —5.9 9.92 —6.0 12.75 —6.1 16.30 —6.2 20.94 —6.3 27.06 —6.4 35.2 —6.5 46.2 —6.6 61.3 —6.7 82.5 —6.8 113.2 —6.9 159.5 —7.0 232.0 % 0.003796 00478 00602 00757 -00954 0.01200 -01511 -01902 02395 -03018 0.03796 -0478 0602 0757 0954 0.1200 -1511 -1902 2395 3017 0.3798 A79 -603 -759 -956 1.203 1,514 1.903 2.390 2.996 3.732 4.62 6.67 6.76 7.77 8.45 7.12 3.81 — 7.10 —83.0 TABLE 106 (CONTINUED) EQUILIBRIUM SUPERSATURATION OVER SOLUTION DROPLETS T=278 kt Mass of condensation nucleus—mols 10-% % 0.003796 .00478 .00602 -00757 -00954 0.01200 01511 SMITHSONIAN METEOROLOGICAL TABLES 10-18 10-27 % % 0.003796 0.008796 .00478 .00478 .00602 .00602 .00757 .00757 .00954 .00954 0.01200 0.01200 .01611 .01510 .01902 .01900 .02395 .02392 .08017 03011 0.08795 0.08782 .0478 .0475 .0601 .0597 .0756 0746 .0952 .0982 0.1196 0.1157 .1502 1425 .1885 1731 2361 .2053 .2950 .2336 0.3663 0.2438 451 198 .550 0.062 652 — 0,321 742 — 1,197 0.777 — 3.09 0.765 — 7.08 0.207 —15.21 — 0.992 —31.74 — 3.76 — 9.74 —23,24 (continued) 10-1¢ % 0.003795 -00478 -00601 -00756 -00952 0.01196 -01502 01885 02361 -02950 0.03660 — 0.981 — 2.335 — 4.82 —10.05 —20.59 —41.8 10-5 Jo 0.003792 -00475 -00597 00747 -00932 0.01157 01425 ,01731 -02053 02336 0.02435 -0194 0.0060 — 0.0324 — /.1201 — 0.310 — .107 — 1.523 — 3.176 — 6.52 —13.23 —27.66 —53.8 10-™ % 0.003660 -00450 0.00770 -00693 0.00189 — 0.01021 — .0380 — 0.0981 — 2.060 — 4.18 — 8.43 —16.94 —33.92 375 10-48 % 0.002435 -00194 376 logior (cm. ) 0 % —2.5 0.003580 —2.6 -00501 —2.7 00631 —2.8 -00794 —2.9 01000 —8.0 0.01259 —3.1 .01584 —8.2 01995 —8.3 02510 —8.4 .08160 —3.5 0.08980 —3.6 .0501 3.7 0631 —8.8 0794 —3.9 .1000 —4.0 0.1259 —4,1 1584 —4.2 1995 —4.3 2510 —4.4 -8160 —4.5 0.8985 —4.6 408 —4.7 684 —4.8 0.798 —4.9 1.006 —5.0 1.277 —65.1 1.697 —65.2 2.016 —5.8 2.548 —5.4 8.215 —5.5 4.060 —5.6 6.14 —6.7 6.61 —5.8 8.27 —5.9 11.08 —6.0 18,48 —6.1 17.17 —6.2 22.08 —6.8 28.58 —6.4 87.20 —6.5 48.85 —6.6 65.1 —6.7 87.9 —6.8 121.8 —6.9 171.8 —7.0 252.2 10-” % 0.003980 00501 00631 -00794 -01000 0.01259 01584 -01995 -02510 -03160 0.03980 -0501 -0631 0794 -1000 0.1259 1584 1995 2510 8159 0.8984 403 684 197 1.004 1,278 1.588 1.999 2.509 8.147 8.924 4.86 5.97 7.19 8.87 9.13 8.59 4.95 — 5.63 —81.0 TABLE 106 (CONTINUED) EQUILIBRIUM SUPERSATURATION OVER SOLUTION DROPLETS i= 263 °K: Mass of condensation nucleus—mols 10-% % 0.003980 -00501 00631 00794 -01000 0.01259 01584 -01995 02510 -03160 0.03980 -0501 0631 0794 -1000 0.1259 1583 1993 2507 8153 0.3971 400 -629 - 787 984 1,234 1.511 1.945 2.201 2.583 2.699 2.83 1.09 — 2.53 —10.52 —29.6 SMITHSONIAN METEOROLOGICAL TABLES 10-18 10-7 % % 0.003980 0.003979 .00501 .00501 .00631 .00631 .00794 .00794 .01000 .01000 0.01259 0.01259 .01584 .01583 .01995 .01993 .02510 .02507 .08159 .08153 0.03979 0.03966 .0501 .0498 .0631 .0626 .0798 .0783 .0998 .0978 0.1255 0.1216 .1576 .1497 .1978 .1824 .2476 .2168 3092 .2478 0.3849 0.2624 875 122 .580 0.092 692 — 0.283 790 — 1,149 0.847 — 2.02 737 = — 6.98 308 151 — 0.878 ~81.62 — 3.60 — 9.55 —23.00 —47.64 (continued) 10-18 % 0.003979 -00501 00631 -00793 -00998 0.01255 -01576 01978 02476 -03092 0.03844 0473 0577 -0686 0784 0.0829 0726 0.0282 — 0.0906 — .866 — 0.963 — 2.411 — 4.79 —10.01 —20.54 —42.9 10-18 10-44 %o % 0.003966 0.003844 -00498 -00473 -00626 00577 -00783 -00686 -00978 -00784 0.01216 0.00829 01497 -00726 .01824 -00282 -02168 — 0.00906 -02478 — .0366 0.02319 — 0.0963 0220 — .2313 0.0090 — 0.4784 — 0.0287 — 1.002 — 11655 — 2.055 — 0.314 — 4.17 — 700 — 8.24 — 1.513 #—16.70 — 3.65 —33.91 — 6.50 —15.91 —27.74 10-4 % 0.02319 -00090 — 0.00287 — .01155 — .01155 logyo7 (cm.) 0 % —2.5 0.00426 —2.6 -00536 —2.7 00676 —2.8 -00851 —2.9 -01072 —3.0 0.01348 —3.1 -01698 —3.2 02137 —3.3 .02690 —3.4 03387 —3.5 0.0426 —3.6 -0536 —3.7 .0676 —3.8 -0851 —3.9 1072 —4.0 0.1348 —4.1 -1698 —4.2 2137 —4.3 -2690 —4.4 3387 —4.5 0.426 —4.6 538 —4.7 677 —4,8 0.853 —4.9 1.077 —5.0 1.358 —5.1 1.713 —5.2 2.160 —5.3 2.827 —5.4 3.444 —5.5 4.357 —5.6 5.52 —5.7 6.99 SH) 8.88 —5.9 11.31 —6.0 14.43 Si! 18.50 —6.2 23.82 —6.3 80.86 —6.4 40.8 —6.5 53.2 O10 71.1 Ooi 96.6 —6.8 134.2 —6.9 190.2 —7.0 285.4 110=20 %o 0.00426 -00536 -00676 -00851 -01072 0.01348 -01698 02137 -02690 -03387 0.0426 0536 0676 -0851 1072 0.1348 -1698 2137 -2690 -3386 0.426 -538 -677 0.852 1.075 1.354 1.704 2.143 2.793 3.376 4.220 6.25 6.45 7.79 9.14 10.11 8.88 TABLE 106 (CONTINUED) EQUILIBRIUM SUPERSATURATION OVER SOLUTION DROPLETS P= 290-7. Mass of condensation nucleus—mols 10-19 % 0.00426 -00536 -00676 -00851 -01072 0.01348 -01698 -02137 -02690 -03387 0.0426 -0536 0676 -0851 1072 0.1348 -1697 +2135 -2687 3381 0.425 535 672 0.842 1.055 1.315 1.627 1.988 2.484 2.759 3.990 2.79 1.55 — 1.98 —10.35 —28.8 —67.7 SMITHSONIAN METEOROLOGICAL TABLES 10-18 10-17 % % 0.00426 —-0,00426 .00536 .00536 .00676 .00676 .00851 .00851 .01072 .01072 0.01348 0.01348 .01698 .01697 .02137 02135 .02690 .02687 .03386 .08381 0.0426 0.0425 .0536 .0533 .0675 .0671 .0850 .0840 .1070 .1050 0.1344 0.1305 .1689 1612 .2119 .1965 .2656 .2347 .3319 .2702 0.412 0.285 511 .265 .623 0.133 744 — 0.238 838 — 1.089 0.926 — 2.96 ‘spl. "6.91 0.4389 —15.05 — 0.605 —81.49 — 84 =O! — 9.10 —21.75 —47.4 (continued) 10-18 % 0.00426 00536 -00675 -00850 -01070 0.01344 -01689 .02119 -02656 -03319 0.0412 -0509 0622 0742 -0855 0.0916 0836 0.0416 0.0742 — .346 — 0.941 — 2.189 — 4.763 —10.01 —20.58 —41.8 10-35 Jo 0.00425 00533 00671 -00840 -01050 0.01305 01612 -01965 02347 -02702 0.0289 -0263 0.01382 — 0.0225 — .1094 — 0.297 — 0.690 — 1.507 — 3.163 ——16.0 —13.24 —26.63 10-14 % 0.00412 -00509 -00622 00742 -00855 0.00916 00836 0.00416 — 0.00742 — .0346 — 0.0941 — .2191 — 0.4764 — 1.001 — 2.059- — 4,19 — 8.45 —17.00 —34.05 377 10-18 % 0.00289 00263 0.00132 — 0.00225 — .01094 — 0.0297 — .0690 — .1507 — .3163 == filet — 1.324 — 2.673 — 5.372 —10.75 —21.55 —43.1 378 logioy (cm.) 0 % —2.5 0.00455 —2.6 -00573 —— Dah 00721 —2.8 -00907 —2.9 01143 —3.0 0.01439 oll -01811 —3.2 02279 —3.3 02870 —3.4 03615 —3.5 0.0455 —3.6 0573 Sail) 0721 —3.8 -0907 —3.9 1143 —4.0 0.1439 —4,1 1811 —4.2 -2279 —4.3 -2870 —4.4 3615 —4.5 0.455 —4.6 574 —— AT 722 —4.8 -910 —4,9 1,149 —5.0 1.449 —6.1 1.828 —5.2 2.306 —5.3 2.913 —5.4 3.680 —5.5 4.655 —5.6 5.79 —5.7 7.48 —5.8 9.51 —5.9 12.10 —6.0 15.47 —6.1 19.85 —6.2 25.60 —6.3 33.23 —6.4 43.50 —6.5 57.6 —6.6 77.3 Gail, 111.2 —6.8 147.8 —6.9 213.5 —7.0 821.5 10-29 %o 0.00455 0.01439 -01811 02279 02870 03615 0.0455 0573 0721 -0907 1143 0.1439 1811 2279 -2870 3614 0.455 -574 721 -909 1.147 1.445 1.819 2.289 2.878 3.611 4.517 5.51 6.93 8.41 9.92 11.11 11.15 TABLE 106 (CONTINUED) EQUILIBRIUM SUPERSATURATION OVER SOLUTION DROPLETS Ti=Z45 rake Mass of condensation nucleus—mols 10-19 % 0.00455 -00573 00721 -00907 -01143 0.01439 .01811 -02279 -02870 -03614 0.0455 0573 -0721 -0907 1143 0.1439 -1810 2277 -2867 -3608 0.454 -571 717 899 1.127 1.405 1.741 2.132 2.567 2.989 3.275 3.04 2.00 — 1.45 — 9.75 —28.1 SMITHSONIAN METEOROLOGICAL TABLES 10-18 10-17 % % 0.00455 0.00455 .00573 .00573 .00721 .00721 .00907 .00907 .01143 01143 0.01439 0.01439 .01811 .01810 .02279 02277 .02870 .02867 03614 .03608 0.0455 0.0454 .0573 .0570 .0720 .0716 .0906 .0896 1141 1121 0.1435 0.1395 1802 1724 2262, .2105 2835 2524 3546 2924 0.441 0.317 546 .299 667 0.174 800 — 0.186 981 — 1.035 1.018. — 2.91 958 — 6.97 0.569 —15.06 — 0.550 —81.72 — 3.23 — 9.14 —21.72 —47.37 (continued) 10-18 % 0.00455 00573 00720 -00906 -01141 0.01435 01802 02262 -02835 -03546 0.0441 0545 0666 0797 0925 0.1003 0.0941 — 0.0542 — .0593 — .329 — 0.925 — 2.177 — 4.763 —10.05 —20.70 —42.1 10-15 % 0.00454 -00570 -00716 -00896 01121 0.01395 -01724 -02105 -02524 02924 0.0317 0298 0.0173 — 0.0189 — .1042 — 0.288 — 0.689 — 1.509 — 3.176 — 6.55 —13.44 —26.94 10-14 %o 0.00441 -00545 -00666 -00797 00925 0.01003 -00941 0.00542 0.00593 -0329 0.0925 -2178 0.4764 1.005 2.071 4,22 8.52 —17.14 —34.34 10-18 % 0.00317 -00298 -00173 — 0.00189 — .01042 — 0.0288 — .0689 — .1509 — .38176 — .655 — 1.344 — 2.694 — 5.413 —10.86 —21.74 —43.5 TABLE 106 (CONCLUDED) 379 EQUILIBRIUM SUPERSATURATION OVER SOLUTION DROPLETS T= (200 OK, logior (cm.) Mass of condensation nucleus—mols 0 10-20 11079 10=8 10-17 11048 163° 10% 10=3 %o % % %o Jo %o % % % —2.5 0.00491 0.00491 0.00491 0.00491 0.00491 0.00491 0.00490 0.00477 0.00350 —2.6 -00617 00617 -00617 -00617 -00617 -00617 -00614 00589 -00336 —2.7 00777 .00777 00777 00777 -00777 -00776 00771 00720 0.00207 —2.8 00979 -00979 00979 -00979 -00979 -00978 -00968 00867 — 0.00139 —2.9 01233 01233 -01233 01233 01233 -01231 -01211 01010 — .01997 —3.0 0.01552 0.01552 0.01552 0.01552 0.01552 0.01548 0.01508 0.01107 — 0.0290 —3.1 01954 01954 -01954 -01954 -01953 -01945 -01865 -01066 — .0693 —3.2 02459 02459 02459 -02459 -02457 02441 -02182 0.00687 — .1526 —3.3 -03095 03095 -03095 -03095 03092 -03060 .02742 — 0.00489 — .3224 —3.4 03896 03896 -03896 -03895 03889 -03826 -03191 — .0315 — .666 —3.5 0.0491 0.0491 0.0491 0.0491 0.0490 0.0477 0.03850 — 0.0916 — 1.358 —3.6 0617 0617 -0617 .0617 -0614 -0589 03836 — .2190 — 2.745 —3.7 0777 0777 0777 0776 0771 0720 0.0207 — 0.493 — 5.62 —3.8 0979 0979 0979 0978 -0968 0867 — 0.0189 — 1.020 —11.08 —3.9 1233 1233 1233 1231 1211 1010 — .1997 —2.107 —22.18 —4.0 0.1552 0.1552 0.1552 0.1548 0.1508 0.1107 — 0.290 — 4.29 —44.4 —4.1 1954 1964 -1953 1945 -1865 1066 — 0.693 — 8.19 —4.2 2459 +2459 2457 2441 2182 0.0687 — 1.526 —17.47 —4.3 3095 3095 -3092 -8060 -2742 — 0.04389 — 3.224 —34.03 —4.4 3896 3895 -3889 -3826 3191 — .315 — 6.66 —4.5 0.491 0.491 0.490 0.477 0.350 — 0.916 —13.58 —4.6 -619 -619 -616 -581 888 9 =— 2.188 —27.45 — Al -780 779 774 -723 0.210 — 4.92 —56.2 —4.8 0.982 0.981 0.971 0.870 — 0.186 —10:20 —4.9 1.241 1.239 1.219 1.018 — 0.989 —21.06 —5.0 1.565 1.561 1,521 1.120 — 2.88 —44.3 —5.1 1.972 1.963 1.883 1,084 — 6.91 SO 2.490 2.472 2.313 0.718 —15.23 —5.3 3.145 3.110 2.792 — 0.389 —82.20 —5.4 3.976 3.906 3.275 — 3.07 —5.5 5.02 4.88 3.61 — 9.05 —5.6 6.37 6.09 3.56 —21.70 —5.7 8.09 7.57 2.39 —48.9 —5.8 10.29 9.17 — 0.89 —5.9 13.12 10.89 — 9.18 —6.0 16.88 12.43 —27.6 Gill 21.58 12.70 —67.2 —6.2 28.88 11.16 Ores 36.30 — 0.96 —6.4 47.65 —22.9 —6.5 63.4 —77.8 —6.6 85.5 —6.7 117.7 —6.8 158.0 —6.9 243.4 —7.0 372 SMITHSONIAN METEOROLOGICAL TABLES 380 TABLE 107 RELATIVE HUMIDITY OVER SATURATED SALT SOLUTIONS? A convenient method for calibrating hygrometers is by use of certain saturated salt solutions in a sealed chamber. The chamber should be kept free from water-absorbing materials, such as wood. The salt solution is made up as a slushy mixture, with the solu- tion spreading over as large an area as possible, and a method should be provided for circulating the air within the chamber. Distilled water and chemically pure salts must be used. Even with these precautions it is emphasized that the tabulated values of rela- tive humidity can be considered as only approximate, and for precision work must be checked by independent measurements. Potassium Sodium Magnesium Magnesium Lithium pemberds nitrate chloride nitrate chloride chloride * ure KNOs NaCl Mg(NOs) 2.6H20 MgClo.6H20 LiCl °C: % % % % % 0 96 76 54 30 16 5 96 76 54 30 16 10 95 76 53 31 16 15 95 76 53 31 16 20 95 75 53 32 16 25 95 75 52 32 16 30 94 75 52 33 16 35 92 75 51 33 16 40 90 75 51 33 16 * Values given for LiCl are probably too high, since they do not precisely check vapor-pressure data. 1 Nat. Bur. Stand. Letter Circ. LC 946, March 31, 1949. For a more complete table see O’Brien, F, E. M., Journ. Sci. Instr., vol. 25, p. 73, 1948. SMITHSONIAN METEOROLOGICAL TABLES TABLES 108 AND 109 381 DENSITY OF PURE WATER VAPOR AT SATURATION The density of pure water vapor (vapor unadmixed with air) at saturation over a plane surface of liquid water, pw, in cgs units is é oS 1 p CRT (1) where Rw = gas constant for water vapor, 4.6150x 10° erg g.* °K.”, T =temperature of the vapor, °K., @» = saturation vapor pressure over water at temperature T, C. = “compressibility factor” for water vapor (Table 91). The factor Cy is introduced into equation (1) to correct for the deviations of water vapor from ideal gas laws. For pressures measured in millibars, the density pw in g. m.* (1 g. m.*=10° g. file) 1S €w (mb.) CT (2) In a similar manner, the density of pure water vapor at saturation over a plane surface of ice, pi, is found by substituting e:, the saturation vapor pressure over ice, for @w in equations (1) or (2). Concentrations of the constitutents of moist air—lIt is necessary to distinguish be- tween the density of a gas or vapor unadmixed and the concentrations of the constituents of a mixture; this is especially true in dealing with real gases. The vapor concentration d, and the dry-air concentration da are defined as the ratios of the masses of vapor my, and of dry air ma, respectively, to the volume VY occupied by the mixture Pw = 216.68 Meo d= 7, (3) Ma an We, (4) Since the mixing ratio r= m-/me and the density of moist air p=d.a-+ dv, equation (3) becomes pes <2 da Tae (5) On introducing the mixing ratio at saturation over water rw, where r= Urw and U is the relative humidity, equation (5) becomes IO iran Peele (6) Using values of p and rw from Tables 71 and 73, respectively, d, may be readily computed from (6). (continued) SMITHSONIAN METEOROLOGICAL TABLES 382 TABLE 108 DENSITY OF PURE WATER VAPOR AT SATURATION OVER WATER Tem- (Explanation on p. 381.) pera- hae 0 si 2 ES, 4 5 ee ee ero en aT ao Ie —50 0.06171 —49 (0.06886 0.06812 0.06738 0.06664 0.06592 —48 0.07675 0.07592 0.07510 0.07430 0.07350 —47 0.08544 0.08453 0.08364 0.08274 0.08187 —46 0.09501 0.09402 0.09303 0.09205 0.09107 —45 0.1055 1.1044 0.1033 0.1022 0.1011 —44 0.1172 0.1160 0.1148 0.1136 0.1124 —43 0.1298 0.1285 0.1272 0.1258 0.1246 —42 0.1438 0.1424 0.1409 0.1395 0.1380 —41 0.1590 0.1574 0.1559 0.1543 0.1528 —40 0.1757 0.1740 0.1723 0.1706 0.1690 —39 0.1940 0.1922 0.1902 0.1884 0.1866 —38 0.2141 0.2119 0.2099 0.2079 0.2058 —37 0.2359 0.2336 0.2314 0.2291 0.2269 —36 0.2597 0.2572 0.2548 0.2523 0.2499 —35 0.2856 0.2829 0.2802 0.2776 0.2750 —34 0.3138 0.3108 0.3080 0.3050 0.3022 —33 0.3445 0.3413 0.3382 0.3350 0.3320 —32 0.3779 0.3744 0.3710 0.3675 0.3642 —31 0.4141 0.4104 0.4067 0.4029 0.3992 —30 0.4534 0.4493 0.4453 0.4413 0.4373 —29 0.4960 0.4916 0.4872 0.4829 0.4785 —28 0.5422 0.5374 0.5327 0.5280 0.5234 —27 0.5922 0.5871 0.5820 0.5768 0.5718 —26 0.6463 0.6407 0.6351 0.6296 0.6242 —25 0.7047 0.6986 0.6927 0.6867 0.6808 —24 0.7678 0.7612 0.7548 0.7483 0.7420 —23 0.8359 0.8289 0.8218 0.8150 0.8081 —22 0.9093 0.9017 0.8941 0.8867 0.8792 —21 0.9884 0.9802 0.9720 0.9640 0.9560 — 20 074 1.065x., 1.056... 11047 401:039 =e 11659) LlS6y, 1146" 91.137, > 1.128 =i) L2o4 1-253 2 02435. 1.233", 1.223 —17 = 1.369 1.359 1.348 1.337 1.326 —16 1.483 1.471 1.460 1.448 1.437 = Sp) 1605 1592 1.580 «91568270555, —14 1.736 1.722 1.709 1.696 1.682 —13 1.876 1.861 1.847 1.833 1.819 —12 2.026 2.010 1.995 1.980 1.965 —l 2.186. °2:170'* 2153), 2137) /2:121 —10 2.358 2.340 | 2.323 2.305 2.288 —9 2.541 2.522 2.504 2.485 2.466 === 2030. | 2717 2097) 121677 2.657 —7 2.946 2.925 2.903 2.882 2.861 — 6) 3:169 ~3:146 3.123 3101. 3.078 — 91 3407 3.883)" 3.358 3.984. 3510 —4 3.660 3.634 3.609 3.583 3.557 —3 3.930 3.902 3.875 3.847 3.820 —2 4217 4.188 4.159 4129 4,100 —1 4523 4491 4460 4.429 4,398 —0 4847 4814 4.781 4.748 4.715 0 4847 4.881 4.915 4.948 4.983 i 5192), <5:228 | 5:264" 5.300) 5,336 Zi 5059) 5:597 5.635: 51073. 5:71 3 5.947 5.987 6.028 6.068 6.109 4 6360 6.402 6.445 6.488 6.531 (continued) SMITHSONIAN METEOROLOGICAL TABLES om 6 g.m. 7 gm 8 g. m.-? 9 g. m.-3 0.06520 0.06449 0.06378 0.06309 0.06240 0.07270 0.07191 0.07115 0.07038 0.06961 0.08099 0.08013 0.07927 0.07842 0.07758 0.09011 0.08915 0.08822 0.08728 0.08635 0.09912 0.09812 a .09702 hess 0.1001 0.1112 0.1101 0.1220 0.1353 0.1497 0.1656 0.1829 0.2019 0.2225 0.2451 0.2697 0.2966 0.3258 0.3574 0.3920 0.4295 0.4700 0.5141 0.5618 0.6133 0.6691 0.7294 0.7944 0.8645 0.9402 1.022 1.109 1.204 1.305 1.414 1.531 1.656 1.791 1,934 2.089 2.254 2.430 2.618 2.819 3.034 3.263 3.507 3.766 4.043 4.337 4.650 5.052 5.409 5.789 6.192 6.619 0.1090 0.1208 0.1339 0.1482 0.1640 0.1811 0.1998 0.2204 0.2428 0.2672 0.2938 0.3228 0.3542 0.3884 0.4256 0.4659 0.5096 0.5568 0.6079 0.6633 1078 0.1196 0.1325 0.1468 0.1623 0.1793 0.1979 0.2183 0.2405 0.2647 0.2910 0.3198 0.3510 0.3849 0.4218 0.4617 0.5050 0.5519 0.6026 0.6576 0.7170 0.7810 0.8501 0.9246 1.005 1066 0.1183 0.1312 0.1452 0.1606 0.1775 0.1960 0.2162 0.2382 0.2621 0.2883 0.3167 0.3477 0.3814 0.4179 0.4575 0.5006 0.5470 0.5974 0.6519 0.7108 TABLE 108 (CONCLUDED) 383 DENSITY OF PURE WATER VAPOR AT SATURATION OVER WATER Tem- pera- ture sCe 60 130.3 SMITHSONIAN METEOROLOGICAL TABLES 384 Tem- pera- ture SG. —100 — 99 — 98 — 97 — 96 22305 aio4 893 io? Er — 90 — 89 — 8&8 Tem- pera- ture XCp — 49 — 48 ay, — 46 245 — 44 3543 42 At 740 — 39 — 38 — 37 — 36 — 35 — 34 — 33 — 32 — 3l — 30 — 29 — 28 — 27 — 26 — 25 — 24 — 23 — 22 — 21 — 20 TABLE 109 DENSITY OF PURE WATER VAPOR AT SATURATION OVER ICE (Explanation on p. 381.) Tem- pera- Density ture Density g. m. nC: g. m. 0.00001756 —87 0.0001930 .00002139 —86 .0002289 .00002599 —85 .0002710 .00003150 —84 .0003203 .00003812 —83 .0003778 0.00004602 —82 0.0004449 .00005544 —8l .0005230 .00006665 —80 .0006138 .00007996 —/79 .0007191 00009574 —78 .0008413 0.0001144 —77 0.0009824 .0001365 —76 .001145 .0001624 —75 001334 0 al 2 8} A Cam bees) ean gs me ge ee 0.04301 0.04250 0.04200 0.04151 0.04102 04837 .04780 .04724 .04670 .04616 05433 .05371 .05309 .05248 .05188 .06098 .06028 .05959 .05891 .05824 06836 .06758 .06682 .06606 .06531 0.07656 0.07570 0.07485 0.07401 0.07317 08565 .08470 .08376 .08282 .08190 09570 .09471 .09364 .09260 .09158 1069 1057 1045. ¥-1035, «21023 aL192°>s 2179" 66 54 4 0.1329 0.1315 0.1300 0.1287 0.1273 1480 .1464 .1449 .1433 1418 1646" 1628!) 1612. 1595, 1878 1829 SIO 79h) APTS: * ot7S4 2032 7201 21990 1969«" 1949 0.2254 0.2231 0.2208 0.2185 0.2163 2498 =.2473, = .2448)— 24232398 2107 2739 2710 22684 2656 uel, 3030 3000: 22970). :2940 sogeo .dool 3318 3284 3252 0.3739 0.3703 0.3666 0.3629 0.3593 4127. =.4086 ~=.4046 ~— 4006 = 3967 4551 9.4507 4463. = 4419 = 4377 5015 .4967 4919 4871 .4824 521) 5469)" 5407.) 5365; |.-5313 0.6075 0.6018 0.5961 0.5904 0.5848 6678 .6616 6553 .6492 .6431 7330. 37267 ..7200 .7133 2066 8053. 27979 37904 78S 1.37758 oG00).» O72, 8070), 9.8085 | Sal Tem- Tem- pera- pera- ture Density ture Density °C: g. m. "Gs g. m. —74 0.001550 —61 0.009633 —73 .001799 —60 .01098 —/2 002085 —59 01251 —/7] .002414 —58 01423 —70 .002789 —5/ .01616 —69 0.003218 —56 0.01834 —68 .003708 —55 .02078 —67 .004267 —54 02353 —66 .004903 —53 .02660 —65 .005627 —52 .03005 —64 0.006449 —51 0.03390 —63 007381 —50 .03821 —62 .008438 ub 6 a. 8 9 Cees evi ems ge te eee 0.04054 0.04007 0.03959 0.03912 0.03867 04562 .04509 .04456 .04404 .04352 05127 .05068 .05009 .04952 .04893 05757 .05691 .05625 .05561 .05497 06457 .06383 .06311 .06239 .06168 0.07235 0.07154 0.07072 0.06993 0.06914 08099 .08008 .07919 .07831 .07742 09057 .08956 .08857 .08759 .08661 1012 .1001 .09895 .09787 .09679 E29) 1116, 1105; 4'.1092, 1080 0.1259 0.1246 0.1233 0.1219 0.1206 1403) .13988 .1372, .1358) —..1343 1561) .US44. °:1529 1512) 31496 1736 1718 .1700 1681 .1664 1928 .1908 .1888 .1869 .1849 0.2140 0.2118 0.2096 0.2075 0.2053 2d%3, 2349) «2325 23016 2278 2629) (2002) 5-254. -:2550" = 2524 2911" 2881-2852). 2824, 2795 3219 3187) 3155 3124 .3092 0.3557 0.3522 0.3487 0.3452 0.3419 .3928 3890! 3852? 3813" .3776 4334 4291 4250 4208 ~—-.4168 4777 —4731_~— 4686 — «46414595 0263. 5213. 5162) .5113. .5064 0.5792 0.5737 0.5682 0.5628 0.5574 6370 .6310 .6250 .6192 .6134 7000 = .6935 6870 = 6805'S «6741 7686 .7615 = 7544. 74747405 8434 8357 8280 = .8204_— 8128 (continued) SMITHSONIAN METEOROLOGICAL TABLES Tem er: hare 0 EC. g. m. —19 0.9678 —18 1.060 —17 1.160 —16 1.269 —15 1.387 —14 1.515 —13 1.653 —12 1.803 —11 1.964 —10 2.139 —9 2.328 — 8 2.532 —7 Zoe — 6 2.990 —5 3.246 — 4 3.521 — 3 3.817 —2 4.136 —1 4.479 — 0 4.847 a TABLE 109 DENSITY OF PURE WATER VAPOR AT SATURATION OVER ICE 2 3 4 gm g.m— g.m- g.m= 0.9588 1.050 1.149 1.258 1.375 1.502 1.639 1.787 1.948 2.121 2.308 Zo 0.9506 1 0.9416 1.031 1.129 1.235 1.351 1.475 1.610 1.756 1.914 2.085 2.270 2.469 2.684 2.917 3.167 3.436 3.726 4.038 4.374 4.734 SMITHSONIAN METEOROLGGICAL TABLES 0.9326 1.022 (CONCLUDED) 6 vA 8 385 9 gam jem.) gsm. gsm 0.9162 1.004 1.099 1.203 1.314 1.437 0.9081 0.9948 1,089 0.8999 0.9858 1.080 1,181 1.292 1.412 1.541 1,682 1.834 1.998 2.176 2.368 2.579 2.798 3.039 3.299 3.579 3.879 4.202 4,551 AES IO 0.8917 P aid) ‘or i vai ee Lt S21 hi de ae: ‘e' pS o f 7 wi ive) OF ie ne 4 ETC Ces ae a 4 P H'0 j & \ 7 {} oe fe 7 I ohn 2 ioe ep ah Section VIII TABLES OF MISCERBANEOUS PHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF AIR AND AIR-BORNE PARCICEES iran) tl i a it bln) 1! ’ yh hy " tr f TABLE 110 389 COMPOSITION OF DRY AIR UP TO ABOUT 25 KILOMETERS Mol fraction % Constituent gas Formula lo Molecular weight 1 Nitrogen N2 78.09 28.016 Oxygen O: 20.95 32.000 Argon Ar .93 39.944 Carbon Dioxide * CO; 03 44.010 Neon Ne LS 10s 20.183 Helium He 5.24 & 10* 4.003 Krypton Kr 1:09 5< 1074 83.7 Hydrogen Ha 5:0'. >< 107 2.0160 Xenon Xe S.0L) <0 131.3 Ozone + Os LORS lOn 48.000 Radon ¢ Rn 6.0) 10% 222 * Variable: see Carpenter, T. M., Journ. Amer. Chem. Soc., vol. 59, p. 358, 1937. Haldane, J. B. S., Nature, vol. 1037, p. 575, 1936. Callendar, G. S., Quart. Journ. Roy. Meteorol. Soc., vol. 66, p. 395, 1947, j Variable: increasing with height. ¢ Variable: decreasing with height. 1 Baxter, G. P., Guichard, & Whytlaw-Gray, Thirteenth report of the committee on atomic weights of the International Union of Chemistry. Journ. Amer. Chem. Soc., vol. 69, p. 731, 1947. For composition of the upper atmosphere see: Dobson, G. M. B., Proc. Roy. Soc. London, A. Bakerian Lecture, 1946. Paneth, F. A., Glickauf, E., Proc. Roy. Soc. London, A, vol. 185, p. 89, 1946. Paneth, F. A., et al., The upper atmosphere. Quart. Journ. Roy. Meteorol. Soc., vol. 65, pp. 303- 336, 1939. TABLE 111 INDEX OF REFRACTION OF AIR Barrell and Sears’ give the following values for the index of refraction of dry CO:- free? air at normal pressure in the visible spectrum: Wave length ® Index of refraction 7) Color SiG: 20 °C. 0.6438 red 1.0002763 1.0002716 0.5876 yellow 1.0002771 1.0002724 0.5461 green 1.0002779 1.0002731 0.5086 blue-green 1.0002787 1.0002739 0.4800 blue 1.0002795 1.0002747 0.4678 violet-blue 1.0002799 1.0002751 0.4471 violet 1.0002806 1.0002758 0.4358 violet 1.0002810 1.0002762 Barrell and Sears found for the index of refraction of moist normal air in the range 10-30 °C., 720-800 mm. Hg. (n —1)10°= [ 0.378125 i oe ss ae x p41+ (1.049 —0.0157t) pX10°%} [ 0.0624 ba | f 1 + 0.003661t ; ”? 1 + 0.003661 ° where A is the wave length of the radiation, ¢ is the air temperature in °C., p is the barometric pressure and f is the vapor pressure, both measured in millimeters of mercury. The variation of the index of refraction m with density p is best represented by the Lorenz-Lorentz‘* formula n'—1 (1? +2)p For a study of the index of refraction of air in connection with microwave frequencies see: Committee on Propagation, Wave Propagation Experiments, Summary Technical Report of NDRC, vol. 2, 1947. = constant 1 Barrell, H., and Sears, J. E., The refraction and dispersion of air for the visible spectrum, Phil. Trans. Roy. Soc. London, A, vol. 238, pp. 1-64, 1939. 2See Barrell and Sears for evaluation of small correction necessary due to COs. ® Wave length in normal, dry air at 760 mm. Hg. and 15 °C. “Lorentz, H. A., Collected papers, vol. 2, The Hague, 1936. SMITHSONIAN METEOROLOGICAL TABLES 390 TABLE 112 VELOCITY OF SOUND IN AIR* Symbols referring to given gas: Aaa(T) = second virial coefficient of dry air, a pure temperature function Aaaa(T) = third virial coefficient of dry air, a pure temperature function Aaw(T) = interaction coefficient of dry air and water vapor, a pure temperature function Aww(T) = second virial coefficient of water vapor, a pure temperature function Awww(T) = third virial coefficient of water vapor, a pure temperature function c= velocity of sound under existing conditions Co— velocity of sound at temperature TZ. (and usually at one. atmosphere pressure) = specific heat at constant pressure Cy = specific heat at constant volume = specific heat at constant volume as the volume approaches infinity e€=aqueous vapor pressure E,a=—V (25) = adiabatic elasticity 8 Er=—V (2) = isothermal elasticity M = molecular weight p= pressure (barometric) R= universal gas constant s§ = entropy T = absolute temperature (°K.) To = absolute temperature of the ice point (273.16 °K.) V = volume of one mol 4 = mol fraction of water vapor in moist air y= £2 = ratio of specific heats p = density Subscript o denotes standard conditions of pressure and temperature. (The algebraic sign convention used here for the virial and interaction coefficients is opposite to that found in many texts; it is consistent with that adopted by Goff and Gratch, see reference 3, p. 391.) Basic Formula: When the amplitude of sound vibrations is not too large, the velocity of sound in a gas is given by the relation (Laplace, 1816) Cees | Er oi V p Mp (1) From the definition of Er it follows that c= afr( 22) (2) If the medium through which the sound propagated were a perfect gas (so that the equation of state is pV = RT), then equation (2) would become a REC OLE . . * Prepared especially for the Smithsonian Meteorological Tables by L. P. Harrison, U. S. Weather ureau. (continued ) SMITHSONIAN METEOROLOGICAL TABLES TABLE 112 (CONTINUED) 391 VELOCITY OF SOUND IN AIR Therefore on the assumption that the medium behaves as a perfect gas, RTo M Co = y (4) and CES (5) In the case where the perfect-gas law does not apply, the equation of state for one component (dry air) may be written pV =RT — Aaaf — Aaaap* — etc. (6) The corresponding equation for pure water vapor unadmixed with air is similar to equation (6) except that Aww replaces Aaa, Awww replaces Aaa, etc., where p then denotes the pressure exerted by the vapor. For dry air the third (Aaa) and higher virial coefficients are negligible in the range of ordinary atmospheric temperatures and pressures. When these terms are neglected, equation (6) yields for dry air? OD \\ ff FREL Aaap \? (3 ).= (Ar) (2 = ee) For the case of dry air this expression may be substituted in equation (2) to provide a relation for c more exact than equation (3). Table 112 B presents values of the second virial coefficient Aaa for dry air; the second and third virial coefficients Aww and Awww, respectively, for water vapor; and the interaction coefficient Aa» for a mixture of dry air and water vapor, based on the formulation of Goff and Gratch.® * Neglecting the third virial coefficient for dry air and the interaction coefficient Aa and Aaww» which are of higher order than Aaw, the equation of state of moist air according to Goff and Gratch* may be written PV=RT [VP Aa+4(1—4)2Aww + (1—4%)*Awwlp —[(1—47)*Awww]p? (8) where # is in atmosphere. Since p =M/V, this equation is applicable for the evaluation of C) (2 ie in the case of moist air. re) Hardy, Telfair, and Pielemeier,* taking account of the fact that cae 2b)" (2) v=1—c(5r). (35) (9) have shown that equation (1) becomes ee gk | c= ltt ies (10) where the quantities f, g, and # are defined by the equations Lat eae oP) f=—(VYRT) (2 : (11) be rob)" om i v (12) C sn Ra ee BG Leet etl | Ge =1+cn| (3 a Sa 1 Roberts, J. K., Heat and Thermodynamics, 3d ed., p. 141, 1940. 2 Goff, J. A., Standardization of thermodynamic properties of moist air. Final report of the Working Subcommittee of the International Joint Committee on Psychrometric Data, ASHVE Journal Section, Heating, Piping and Air Conditioning, pp. 118-128, November 1949. 8 Goff, J. A., and Gratch, S., Thermodynamic properties of moist air, Trans. Amer. Soc. Heat. and Vent. Eng., vol. 51, pp. 125-158, 1945. ‘Hardy, H. C., Telfair, D., and Pielemeier, W. H., The velocity of sound in air, Journ. Acous. Soc. Amer., vol. 13, pp. 226-233, 1942. (continued) SMITHSONIAN METEOROLOGICAL TABLES 392 TABLE 112 (CONTINUED) VELOCITY OF SOUND IN AIR Hardy, Telfair, and Pielemeier have deduced expressions for f, g, and h as functions of T, V, and Cve, based on the equation of state in the virial form, and the reader is referred to the original article * for details. These investigators‘ have made observations of the velocity of sound in dry air and have also calculated its value under standard conditions on the basis of the thermodynamic equations. The results, based on these two methods of determination, were co = 331.44 + 0.05 meter sec. and co= 331.45 + 0.05 meter sec.-*, respectively, for the velocity of sound of small amplitude in dry air with 0.03 percent carbon dioxide at 0°C. and at one standard normal atmosphere pressure, as the frequency of the sound approaches zero. The mean of results deduced from the observations of other investigators was found to be co = 331.46 + 0.05 meter sec.> We adopt as the best value co— 331.45 meter sec.* for dry air under the stipulated conditions. For rough calculations of the velocity of sound in air under conditions in the neighbor- hood of one atmosphere pressure-one may use equation (5), with co—= 331.45 meter sec.”’. To take account of the presence of water vapor in air for such calculations, equation (3) may be rewritten (assuming the mixture a perfect gas) c=afre (14) cae N alge) as) Reliable observations of dry air with 0.03 percent CO:z have yielded po—=0.001293 gm.cm.~*, where fo = 1013.250 mb. (1 atmosphere pressure). Elsewhere in this volume (Table 84) there will be found data permitting the accurate computation of p for moist air as a function of temperature, pressure and relative humidity, making use of the compressibility factor of moist air. For yo we may use the value given by Hardy, Telfair, and Pielemeier, namely ‘Yvo= 1.4028 for dry air at 0° C. and one atmosphere pressure. y for dry air changes relatively slowly with temperature and pressure, under ordinary atmospheric conditions. In taking account of the effect of water vapor on y when making rough calculations of c, use may be made of the following approximate relation for ordinary conditions ° or y= %— 015 (16) Description of Table: Table 112A is based on equation (5), taking co— 331.45 m.sec.* as previously ex- plained. Strictly speaking, the table is only valid for dry air considered as a perfect gas, and shows the variation of c with temperature on this assumption. It is, there- fore, strictly applicable only in rough calculations. 5 Woolf, Wm L., Acoustical tables for air and sea water, Journ. Acous. Soc. Amer., vol. 15, p. 83, 1943. (continued ) SMITHSONIAN METEOROLOGICAL TABLES TABLE 112 (CONCLUDED) 393 VELOCITY OF SOUND IN AIR TABLE 112A.—Velocity of sound in dry air as a function of temperature, according to classical theory ON a 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 i m. sec.-2 m. sec.-1 m. sec.-1 m. sec.-? m. sec.-2 m. sec.-! m. sec.-? m. sec.-1 m. sec.-? m. sec.-1 60 366.05 366.60 367.14 367.69 368.24 368.78 369.33 369.87 370.42 370.96 50 360.51 361.07 361.62 362.18 362.74 363.29 363.84 364.39 364.95 365.50 40 354.89 355.46 356.02 356.58 357.15 357.71 358.27 358.83 359.39 359.95 30 349.18 349.75 350.33 350.90 351.47 352.04 352.62 353.19 353.75 354.32 20 343.37 343.95 344.54 345.12 345.70 346.29 346.87 347.44 348.02 348.60 10 337.46 338.06 338.65 339.25 339.84 340.43 341.02 341.61 342.20 342.78 0 331.45 332.06 332.66 333.27 333.87 334.47 335.07 335.67 336.27 336.87 —0 331.45 330.84 330.23 329.62 329.01 328.40 327.79 327.18 326.56 325.94 —10 325.33 324.71 324.09 323.47 322.84 322.22 321.60 320.97 320.34 319.72 —20 319.09 318.45 317.82 317.19 316.55 315.92 315.28 314.64 314.00 313.36 —30 312.72 312.08 311.43 310.78 310.14 409.49 308.84 308.19 307.53 306.88 —40 306.22 305.56 304.91 304.25 303.58 302.92 302.26 301.59 300.92 300.25 —50 299.58 298.91 298.24 297.56 296.89 296.21 295.53 294.85 294.16 293.48 —60 292.79 292.11 291.42 290.73 290.03 289.34 288.64 287.95 287.25 286.55 —70 285.84 285.14 284.43 283.73 283.02 282.30 281.59 280.88 280.16 279.44 —80 278.72 278.00 277.27 276.55 275.82 275.09 274.36 273.62 272.89 272.15 —90 271.41 270.67 269.92 269.18 268.43 267.68 266.93 266.17 265.42 264.66 TABLE 112B.—Virial and interaction coefficients of dry air and water vapor The following table gives the virial and interaction coefficients involved in equation (8), where the data are based on the Goff-Gratch** formulation: Interaction coefficient Second virial Second virial Third virial for mixture of Tempera- coefficient of coefficient of coefficient of dry air and ture dry air water vapor water vapor water vapor t Aaa Aww Awww Aaw 2G; cm.® gmol.-1 cm.® gmol.-? em.® (gmol. atm.)-7 cm.? gmol.- 90 —2.07 501 33 23.7 80 —0.84 558 48 25.2 70 0.49 625 72 26.8 60 1.91 705 110 28.5 50 3.44 803 * 30.4 40 5.09 924 YAR 30 6.87 1074 34.5 20 8.81 1260 36.8 10 10.9 1510 39.3 0 13.2 1830 42.0 —10 157 2300 45.0 —20 18.5 48.2 —30 21.6 51.8 —40 25.0 55.8 —50 28.9 60.2 —60 33.2 65.1 —70 38.2 70.7 —80 43.9 77.0 —90 50.4 84.2 * Probable errors exceed half the computed values at lower temperatures. SMITHSONIAN METEOROLOGICAL TABLES 394 TABLE 113 VISCOSITY AND THERMAL CONDUCTIVITY OF AIR AND DIFFUSIVITY OF WATER VAPOR IN AIR? The dynamic viscosity may be defined as the ratio of shearing stress to shear, where 7 is the shearing stress and 9u/z is the shear (u is the velocity normal to the direction z). The basic cgs unit is 1 poise —=1 g. cm.’s.*. The dynamic viscosity of a gas is independent of pressure except at very low pressures. Its temperature dependence was computed from Sutherland’s equation: we Loree (=) fe Boece Note where T is the absolute temperature, wo is the dynamic viscosity at absolute temperature T. and C is Sutherland’s constant, assumed to have the value 120 °C. At To = 296.16 °K. (23 °C.), wo = (1.8325 + 0.0010) X 10“ g. cm."*s.* according to Birge.’ The thermal conductivity & is defined by Hae Or Oz where H is the rate of heat conduction per unit area and 97/02 is the temperature gradient. k at 0 °C. is given by Chapman and Cowling® as 5.80 «10% cal. cm.-*s.+ °C. and it is estimated that the probable error is +0.0210°°. Values at other temperatures are assumed proportional to wu. Kinematic viscosity, thermometric conductivity, and diffusivity of water vapor in dry air are functions of both temperature and pressure. A pressure of 1000 mb. is assumed in computing these quantities. (See original article for corresponding values of density used in the computations.) The kinematic viscosity v is the ratio of the dynamic viscosity uw to the density p; v= 4u/p. It is the factor occurring in the relation giving the accelera- tion du/dt due to fluid friction. In the simplest case this relation is of the type dt Oz” The thermometric conductivity »-—=k/(cpo) determines the rate of heating due to a given temperature distribution: Les ied @ di @ Oz where cp is the specific heat at constant pressure. A value of 0.1895 cm.’s.* has been computed for 0 °C. and the ratio v/v, has been assumed constant for other temperatures. A substance having the concentration (mass per total mass) qg in a mixture of density p is diffused at the rate, in mass per unit area and time, i} E=—pD 3. where D is the diffusivity. The corresponding rate of change of concentration is 49 _ p 4 dt Os 1 Montgomery, R. B., Journ. Meteorol., vol. 4, pp. 193-196, 1947. 2Birge, R. T., The 1944 values of certain atomic constants with particlar reference to the electronic charge. Amer. Journ. Phys., vol. 13, pp. 63-73, 1945. 3 Chapman, Sydney, and Cowling, T. G., The mathematical theory of non-uniform gases. 404 pp. Cambridge Univ. Press, 1939. (continued) SMITHSONIAN METEOROLOGICAL TABLES TABLE 113 (CONCLUDED) 395 VISCOSITY AND THERMAL CONDUCTIVITY OF AIR AND DIFFUSIVITY OF WATER VAPOR IN AIR For gases the dependence of diffusivity on pressure and temperature is represented by ‘ D i) eS Dee ) P where Dp is the diffusivity at absolute temperature To and pressure fo. Schirmer gives n= 1.81 and the value of D at 0 °C., the values at other temperature have been computed from the kinematic viscosity, to which they are proportional. Thermo- Diffusivity Kinematic metriccon- of water viscosity ductivity vapor in air Dynamic p= j= j= a viscosity Thermal conductivity 1000 mb. 1000 mb. 1000 mb. ture L k p Ye D NOs g.cm.-14s.41=poise cal.cm.~1s.-2°C.-! erg.cm.-1s.-1°C.-1 — cm.?s,-1 cm.2s.-2 cm.?s,-1 —20 L605 5rd alm 2.28 X 10° 0.1173 0.165 0.197 —10 1.667 5.63 2.36 1259 sl) 211 0 1.718 5.80 2.43 1346 189 226 10 1.768 5.97 2.50 1437 202 241 20 1.818 6.14 257 1529 215 257 30 1.866 6.30 2.64 1623 .228 eS 40 1.914 6.46 2.70 1720 242 289 4 Boynton, W. P., and Brattain, W. H., Interdiffusion of gases and vapors. International Critical Tables, vol. 5, pp. 62-63, McGraw-Hill Book Co., New York, 1929. 5 Schirmer, Robert, Die Diffusionszahl von Wasserdamf-Luft-Gemischen und die Verdampfungsge- schwindigkeit. Zeitschr. Ver. deutsch. Ing., Beihefte Verfahrenstecknik, Heft 6, pp. 170-177, 1938. SMITHSONIAN METEOROLOGICAL TABLES 396 TABLE 114 TERMINAL VELOCITY OF FALL FOR DISTILLED WATER DROPLETS IN STAGNANT AIR? Pressure, 760 mm. Hg., temperature, 20 °C., relative humidity, 50 percent. (air density) (equivalent drop diameter) (measured velocity) (viscosity ) 8 (accel. of gravity) (air density) (mass of drop) m (viscosity)? (Reynolds number)? Equivalent drop diameters are calculated from the mass. Reynolds number = Drag coefficient = Equivalent Reynolds Drag drop Terminal Mass of drop number coefficient diameter velocity micrograms (calculated) (calculated) cm. cm. sec.-? 0.01 * 21x 0.524 1.80 15.0 0.02 72 4.19 9.61 42 0.03 117 14.14 23.4 2.4 0.04 162 33.5 43.2 1.66 0.05 206 65.5 68.7 1.28 0.06 247 13S 98.9 1.07 0.07 287 179.6 134 0.926 0.08 320 268 175 815 0.09 367 382 220 729 0.10 403 524 269 671 0.12 464 905 372 0.607 0.14 517 1,437 483 570 0.16 565 2,140 603 545 0.18 609 3,050 731 528 0.20 649 4,190 866 517 0.22 690 5,580 1,013 0.504 0.24 727 7,240 1,164 495 0.26 757 9,200 1,313 494 0.28 782 11,490 1,461 498 0.30 806 14,140 1,613 503 0.32 826 17,160 1,764 0.511 0.34 844 20.600 1,915 520 0.36 860 24,400 2,066 529 0.38 872 28,700 2,211 544 0.40 883 33,500 2,357 559 0.42 892 38,800 2,500 0.575 0.44 898 44,600 2,636 594 0.46 903 51,000 2,772 615 0.48 907 57,900 2,905 635 0.50 909 65,500 3,033 660 0.52 912 73,600 3,164 0.681 0.54 914 82,400 3,293 700 0.56 916 92,000 3,423 WH) 0.58 917 102,200 3,549 751 * Drops with diameters less than 0.008 cm. obey Stokes’ Law. 1 Gunn, R., and Kinzer, G. D., Journ. Meteorol., vol. 6, p. 243, 1949. SMITHSONIAN METEOROLOGICAL TABLES TABLE 115 397 SIZE AND CHARACTERISTICS OF AIR-BORNE SOLIDS it dep ols |S uel rer St4 ee SSS BLL tat ES] . pet et et oT eg | -! <<] Soe Ore vu pereenes PARATORS | | | | || COMPILED BY WG. FRANK LAWS OF SETTLING IN RELATION TO PARTICLE SIZE (Lines of Demarcation approx.) | uo © a PRAY | | | | [| ieee ei Ly = i ticle in Microns STOKES r=Radius of par- LAW ticle in cm. g=98!cm/sec* acceleration Udibaraopataete THE a g == E a =e —aB2 G 2g $,-S, Sy Sz Density of particle FOR AIR AT 70°F Sz Density of Air “(Very Small relative tos, ) 72 Viscosity of Gir in poises =1814 X10 for air at 70°F. r= 107% cm. (Mean free path of gas molecules) 4. ee 592 oeolt #IN.SQ. us | leat ‘O73 —— a "PERHR Gua ye Len a sq CUNNINGHAM'S FACTOR c=C'(I+K) C'= Cor STOKES LAW K= .8 TO .86 PARTICLES MOVE LIKE GAS MOLECULES A=Distance of motion intimet R=Gas constant = 8316 X107 T= Absolute PARTICLES ait WITH CONSTANT VELOCITY 2>X 10? cm. Limit of unaided Vision. ....cececccccesececes 5 <.10= cm. GCloudtpantieles) Ms. Wage ee cee oe heat es 2 107*—4 xX 10*cm. Wright’s salt nuclei at 80% rel. hum......... 1 en BS Auta IPAS oboe eater yas ove ove iets esis htm eee carerats Lol Om cna Moleculesin(Zcatoms))/ oe b:<'s.0.0.0\5:0.9.< s.0/yele ee erererere 36 105 cot Findeisen® has shown that there is a physical difference between a cloud particle and a rain drop which fixes the boundary with a fair amount of precision, namely, a rain drop must be able to reach the ground without completely evaporating. Findeisen derives a formula which shows that the distance traveled in an atmosphere not completely saturated varies as 7* and gives the following table: Distance of fall before evaporation Pressure 900 mb., temperature 5 °C., relative humidity 90 percent. Radius of drop, r Distance of fall before evaporation cm, 4 4 te oe au cm. ‘cloud particles Os 150 m. ' 10% 42 km. fee drops 25x 10 280 km. 1Simpson, G. C., Quart. Journ. Roy. Meteorol. Soc., vol. 67, p. 99, 1941. 2 Findeisen, W., Meteorol. Zeitschr., vol. 56, p. 453, 1939. TABLE 117 EVAPORATION OF FREELY FALLING WATER DROPS?! The mass evaporation rate dM/dt is the product of two factors that may be ex- tracted from table 117 A and table 117 B. ua = | 4na ( 1+ Fa) [D (pa — po) ] g. sec. where a is the radius of the drop, s is the equivalent thickness of the transition shell outside the drop, F is a dimensionless factor, D is the coefficient of diffusion, pa is the saturated vapor density at the surface of the drop and p» is the vapor density of the environment. Table 117 A gives the first factor when entered with the droplet diameter 2a and the ambient temperature. Table 117B gives the second factor when entered with the ambient temperature and relative humidity. Probable uncertainty, based on precision of measurements, is less than 4 percent. 1 Kinzer, G. D: and Gunn, Ross, Journ. Meteorol., vol. 8, p. 71, 1951. (continued ) SMITHSONIAN METEOROLOGICAL TABLES D aiameree, 2a cm. 0.01 0.02 Relative humidity 3 _— NSS NARWN NL kU WOWOOO T&S 1 0° g. cm.-? sec,-1 0.61 x 10° 0.54 0.067 10° 0 TABLE 117 (CONCLUDED) Ambient Temperature—°C. 10°C. SO NUR ON NN in Wwiomme ROD 20°C. _ FeO OOF Gi CoN aS NTO W CONNO BOD 13.8 TABLE 117 B—D (pa —po) + Ambient Temperature—°C. 10° g. cm.-! sec.-1! 0.98 0210510 ove < 10> 20° g. cm.-? sec.-1 0.31 10° 0.159 < 10° TaBLe 117 A—4za (1 + Fa)" - oOo i fa pe eo) NGG EORS) ISS WAH ONDDAN wilou 13.3 KPNBDA ONNOG 8 —_ = b SSO Sle ait CHADD SCHUNNG GS * Measured at 20 °C., values of other temperatures by extrapolation. j At a total pressure of one atmosphere. SMITHSONIAN METEOROLOGICAL TABLES 399 EVAPORATION OF FREELY FALLING WATER DROPS _ No.2) eng SOLIS: ORO ONUWAN WOW 12.8 40° g. cm.—? sec.-1 = = aa v ee 3 = e fe <— —— = re = —_ » i > a a ae F Soneee ES: « “a = Ng ie; Sie He se: J $e &3 > > ca ia o2 aval nthe m D eae iat alt the ce es ie . Mg a Mie 1 a), : La bi bie ; dlag rman eo a te baal we ae my gi Daan ey | tr was + foe we 9 ~ 308 Meal ee er . oaig f as \ * i Ne itt ae aoa te ait - as f "OF arf ns bd wat Pay F ane I utes ne | Ee RS Mt NB! OA re ie han ‘fs Be i 1 ae a on a ey. a me Be ae. ae ue LAY TG aia ee as ha to's I ae Pe ~ t high htt ; eat aa “OT, age ip ay Th oe a ‘ JT *, 4 : Hn Me ES edgy ET yee i ot ha en) i f 7 the as ay + uh of ig ty ER - a fa Gait wo) ty ee ORG OG te bo) ‘ y : Ha ide iy i — 30 °C. and is 0.0114 cm. sec. at t=0. °C. Dorsey states that the best values for the density of ordinary ice at one atmosphere and 0 °C. vary from 0.916 to 0.918 g. cm.* Values of the specific heat are given in Table 92. 1 Dorsey, N. E., Properties of ordinary water substance, p. 482, Reinhold Publ. Corp., New York, 1940. TABLE 121 THERMAL CONDUCTIVITY AND THERMAL DIFFUSIVITY OF SNOW Values of the thermal conductivity k of snow as computed from the formulas of three investigators are given as a function of the density p of the snow in g. cm.~ The last column gives the average of the three. The formulas, for k in cal. cm.? sec.* °C. cm are Jansson * k= .00005 + .0019p + .006p‘ Van Dusen? k = .000050 + .00100p + .00526p Devaux * k = .000069 + .0069p? Density Conductivity—cal. cm.-? sec.—1 °C.-1 cm. g. cm. Jansson Van Dusen Devaux Average 0.1 0.00024 0.00016 0.00014 0.00018 0.2 .00044 .00029 .00034 .00036 0.3 .00067 .00049 .00069 .00062 0.4 .00096 .00078 .00117 .00097 0.5 .00138 .00120 .00179 .00146 0.6 .00197 .00177 .00255 .00210 0.7 .00282 00252 .00345 .00293 0.8 .00403 .00350 00448 .00400 0.9 .00570 00472 .00566 00536 Thermal diffusivity D—=k/pc:, values of the specific heat c; are given in Table 92. 1 Jansson, M., Ofvers. of K. Svenska Akad., Férh., vol. 58, p. 207. 1901. 2Van Dusen, M. S., Int. Crit. Tables, vol. 5; p. 216, 1929. 3 Devaux, J., Ann. de Phys., vol: 20% p:5, 1933. SMITHSONIAN METEOROLOGICAL TABLES TABLE 122 405 THERMAL CONDUCTIVITY, SPECIFIC HEAT, AND DENSITY OF SOILS AND ROCKS Table 122 contains values of the thermal conductivity k, specific heat c, density p, and thermal diffusivity (thermometric conductivity) a[=k/(cp)] for various rocks and soils, from “Heat Conduction,” by Ingersoll, Zobel, and Ingersoll,’ 1948, courtesy of McGraw-Hill Book Co. Thermal Specific Thermal Tempera- conductivity heat Density diffusivity Material ture * k c p a “GC. cal. sec. cm. °C. cal. g.1*#°C.+ g.cm.% cm.? sec,-? Soils: Calcareous earth, 43% water.... .. 0.0017 0.53 1.67 0.0019 Quartz sand, medium fine, dry.. .. 0.00063 0.19 1.65 0.0020 Quartz sand, 8.3% moisture..... .. 0.0014 0.24 1675 0.0033 Sandy clay, 15% moisture...... .. 0.0022 0.33 1.78 0.0037 Olver cles ccwcteh eis 0.0004—0.0008 Ae sts 0.002-.003 OMmem Wel SOllSi. .cnyoe cee sic ce cee tere 0.003 -0.008 Bo ire 0.004-.010 NVebECIITUNG! Mae cmierieveiaisitcie sia etre! “ic 0.0020 0.60 1.50 0.0022 Rocks and building materials: BIC IIHASORTY, clic. a6 ca ote eee 20 0.0015 0.20 ke 0.0044 orcrete, av. stone... /.....dsee0 &: 0.0022 0.20 2.3 0.0048 Concrete dams 2.7 es ee. a. 0.0058 0.22 2.47 0.0107 EATtkC eat Sle hI NTs SSeS 0 0.0065 0.19 oy, 0.0127 NETMESLONEH Ts cis fei ieeis tse Wate Cate 0 0.0048 0.22 De, 0.0081 MMW le pmteerrac ee ee creo ha cians Hate 0.0055 0.21 fod | 0.0097 ITIL SEOME ats axa ustore.oi0% eine isveseuaseveaeuoe 0.0062 0.21 2.6 0.0113 SUABROG ee ia cie ataais a Walbielowe's's oh Ses ore sate 0.0075 Rock material av. for earth..... .. ajeke vet ae 0.010 * Where temperature is not specified, ordinary room temperature may generally be assumed. 1Ingersoll, L. R., Zobel, O. J., and Ingersoll, A. C., Heat conduction, p. 243, McGraw-Hill Book Co. Inc., New York, 1948. TABLE 123 LATENT HEAT OF MELTING OF SEA ICE?! Let S be the salinity of the ice and ¢, the freezing point of a sea water with the salinity S. If the temperature ¢ lies in the neighborhood of 0 °C. the heat of fusion of pure ice between ¢ and ¢, can be considered constant and equal to 80 gram calories. The amount of heat required to melt the sea ice is then the sum of the heat required to melt all the pure ice in one gram of sea ice (80[1 —S(1— A:)]) and the amount of heat required to increase the temperature of the pure ice and brine from ¢ to ¢, (approximately = 0.5 (ts —t)), where A: is the weight of all the pure ice in 1 gram of sea ice with salinity 1%. and temperature ¢ and is equal to 1 —1/S:, where S; is the salinity of the brine at t. Thus U = 80 € = =) 40.5(ts — #3) Sy. where U = number of calories required to melt 1 gram sea ice of the temperature ¢ and the salinity S. Salinity—%o ae yO 2 4 6 8 10 15 er cal. cal. cal. cal. cal. cal. cal. = 80 72 63 55 46 37 16 —2 81 77 72 68 63 59 48 1 Malmgren, F., On the properties of sea ice, The Norwegian North Polar Expedition with the Maud, 1918-1925, Scientific results, vol. 1, No. 5, 1927. SMITHSONIAN METEOROLOGICAL TABLES 406 TABLE 124 SPECIFIC HEAT OF SEA WATER? Table 123 gives the specific heat of sea water at a temperature of 17.5 °C. and a pres- sure of 1 atmosphere. Specific Specific Specific Salinity heat Salinity heat Salinity heat %o %o %o 0 1.000 15 0.958 30 0.939 5 0.982 20 0.951 35 0.932 10 0.968 25 0.945 40 0.926 1 Krummel, O., Handb. d. Ozeanographie, p. 279, Stuttgart, 1907. TABLE 125 SPECIFIC HEAT OF SEA ICE The specific heat of pure ice depends upon its temperature and varies within narrow limits, but that of sea ice is a much more variable property, depending upon the salt or brine content and the temperature. Changing the temperature of sea ice will generally involve either melting or freezing, and the amount of heat required will depend upon the salinity of the ice, as shown in the table. It should be noted that the specific heat of pure ice is less than half that of pure water. Near the initial freezing point, the extremely high specific heat of ice of high salinity is, of course, due to the formation of ice from the enclosed brine or its melting.* Malmgren’ has computed the data in Table 124 from observations made in the Polar Sea. Salinity Temperature (°C.) %o —2° —4° —6° —8° —10° —12° —14° —16° —18° —20° —22° Zz 257 le00%, 10!73: 101630, 30557" 7055s 20:54 0'53. 053) 105202 4 4630 150 O96) 40:76) 0164" 101599 O57) 0570 056) 055 1054 6 6:20 1.99" 120 VOS8 O71 064 O61 0:60-0:58) 0557.) 0556 8 8.76: 249 143 1.01. 678" 10168) 0.64. 0.64 0.61 060. 0:58 10 10:83, 1:299 1.66. 1.14..),0:85 20:73: 0168), 0:67 O64 0'627=0:60 15 1601) yAZze 224°" 1:46," 102" "0:85" '0:77— 10:76" 0:7) C068. 065 1 Sverdrup, H. U., Johnson, M. W., and Fleming, R. H., The oceans, p. 73. Copyright, 1942, by Prentice-Hall, Inc., New York. 2 Malmgren, F., On the properties of sea ice, The Norwegian North Polar Expedition with the Mand, 1918-1925, Scientific results, vol. 1, No. 5, 1927. TABLE 126 MELTING POINT IN SEA WATER? The melting point is the temperature at equilibrium between pure ice and sea water of indicated salinity under a pressure of 1 atmosphere. Melting- Melting- Melting- Melting- Salinity point Salinity point Salinity point Salinity point %o °C. %o °C. %o °C. %o bi O 1 —0.055 11 —0.587 21 —1.129 31 —1.683 Z —0.108 12 —0.640 22 —1.184 32 —1.740 3 —0.161 13 —0.694 23 —1.239 33 —1.797 4 —0.214 14 —0.748 24 —1.294 34 —1.853 5 —0.267 15 —0.802 25 —1.349 35 —1.910 6 —(0).320 16 —0.856 26 —1.405 36 —1.967 7 —0.373 17 —0.910 27 —1.460 37 —2.024 8 —0.427 18 —0.965 28 —1.516 38 —2.081 9 —0.480 19 —1.019 29 —i.572 39 —2.138 10 —0.534 20 —1.074 30 —1.627 40 —2.196 1 Krummel, O., Handb. d. Ozeanographie, vol. 1, 241, Stuttgart, 1907. SMITHSONIAN METEOROLOGICAL TABLES TABLE 127 407 DEPTH OF WATER CORRESPONDING TO THE WEIGHT OF SNOW OR RAIN COLLECTED IN GAGES OF VARIOUS DIAMETERS A.—8-inch gage, 1 pound = 0.5507 inch of water. Weight _.00 01 02 .03 04 05 .06 07 .08 .09 pounds : é é : = : ; é : : in, in. in. in, in. in. in. in. in. in. 000° «=©-0:00) = O01 0.01 0.02 0.02 0.03 0.03 0.04 0.04 0.05 : : A : : .08 .09 .09 10 .10 .20 A AZ 12 13 13 14 14 “15 5 .16 30 “7 a7. 18 18 a9 19 .20 .20 21 “22 .40 22 23 .23 .24 .24 25 25 .26 .26 ai OO) 0:28)" 0:28, | 0:29» 029) 0:30) |) 0.30" 0:31 O51 032 5 10.33 .60 33 34 34 35 -35 36 36 OF 38 38 70 39 39 40 .40 41 41 42 43 43 44 80 44 45 45 .46 46 47 47 48 49 49 .90 .50 .50 ao “IL 02 02 209 54 54 55 (1b: =0'55 im: 4 1b.=2.20 in. 7 1b.=3.85 in. LOM D555 ein: Zip llOhin: By i b==2975) ia 8 lb.=4.40 in. Sl 1k OD) ame Oulb=—s:508ine 9 1b.=4.96 in. B.—Other diameter gages. Diam. in. in. 1b.-1 Ibs. in.-? 4 2.204 0.454 6 .979 1.021 10 353 2.836 12 245 4.084 TABLE 128 QUANTITY OF RAINFALL CORRESPONDING TO GIVEN DEPTHS Depth in. acre-ft. mi.-? sec.-ft.-day mi.-? tons * acre-1 U. S. gal. acre-1 0.01 § 8) 1 272 02 tl a5 2 543 03 1.6 8 3 815 04 Za 1.1 5 1086 0.05 2 1S 6 1358 .06 SW 1.6 7 1629 07 Sh7/ 1.9 8 1901 08 4.3 a2 9 2172 .09 4.8 2.4 10 2444 0.10 5.3 Dei 11 2715 20 10.7 5.4 23 5431 30 16.0 8.1 34 8146 ‘40 21.3 10.8 45 10862 0.50 26.7 13.4 57 13577 .60 32.0 16.1 68 16292 70 37.3 18.8 79 19008 80 42.7 21.5 91 21723 90 48.0 24.2 102 24439 1.00 SBI) 26.9 113 27154 2.00 106.7 53.8 227 54308 3.00 160.0 80.7 340 81462 4.00 213.3 107.6 453 108616 5.00 266.7 134.4 566 135770 6.00 320.0 161.3 680 162924 7.00 373.3 188.2 793 190078 8.00 426.7 215.1 906 217232 9.00 480.0 242.0 1019 244386 * Density of water assumed to be 62.4 lbs. ft.-3 SMITHSONIAN METEOROLOGICAL TABLES is ah Sa I eo ean ah!) bs riers i daa fe: Oh, Lt i ire: will be iN Re iy Pi a YY, m4 Oh. A :7 ; y } } ie F mh ye mrs jay ol i js hi "ee Cia pl thy a WER SERN Ee AD ee Dh aa iia AN IE tea AE nity Bia ihe i i re | ¥ 1 iA ‘ ie wa j a m7 f : ar aes a “ak cane ay | NG [ines ‘ yan iy fisdeironna tects as Saran, NY i i fit _ die ewe i i ; : OR m pie pee i ‘wah varity! Ay vf yi in ait heat y Ta hed nwt a ‘aoa SASS at il) MORN : ih Wat rt, p 2 Hy 4 fet Pa i ay aad ‘i ee it (- Wea ¥ oS ih, Re vhs liga SECTION X RADIATION AND VISIBILITY TABLES 404 | im. wee ut pilaat ¥ ava a ee TABLE 129 411 BLACKBODY RADIATION Planck’s formula for the spectral radiant emittance* W of a complete radiator (black- body) is t2 Min Worx? (ec == (1) where 2 is the wave length, T is the absolute temperature (°K.) and c: and c2 are con- stants. The most probable values of the constants (for \ in cm.) are:? c: = 3.740 « 107° erg cm.” sec.” and c2=1 4385 cm. °K. This gives W in ergs per second per square centimeter per centimeter of wave length. Table 129 A® gives values of the ratio Wor/Wo. as a function of the parameter AT r co (cm. °K.) where Wo-r = W, dx and Wo-» (or W) =§ W) dn. Table 129B gives values of the (total) radiant emittance 1” computed from the Stefan-Boltzmann law W=cl- (2) where the Stefan-Boltzmann constant o is 5.673 & 10° erg cm.* °K. sec.* or 8.132 & 10™ cal. cm.” °K.* min.” The wave length of maximum emittance \m for a specified tempera- ture is given by Wien’s displacement law Am 7 = 0.2897 cm. °K. (3) Table 129C gives the distribution of energy radiated from a blackbody in various wave-length intervals for a few typical earth temperatures, computed from parts A and B of this table. 1 The energy emitted per unit area and per unit time in the solid angle 27 steradians (hemisphere). 2 Birge, R. T., Rev. Mod. Phys., vol. 13, p. 233, 1941. 3 Miscellaneous Physical Tables, Planck’s radiation functions and electronic functions, WPA project sponsored by the National Bureau of Standards, New York, 1941. The values of a and ce. used in this table differ slightly from the accepted values given above. The table is computed with ¢, = 3.732 X 10 erg cm.? sec.-? and c,= 1.436 cm. °K. (continued ) SMITHSONIAN METEOROLOGICAL TABLES 412 TABLE 129 A— Values of iozxyhhe Woo ip AT FX 10 cm. K.° Fin ip 0.050 1.3652 9 051 2.2642 9 052 3.6788 9 053 5.8629 9 054 9.1749 9 0.055 1.4113 8 056 2.1358 8 057 3.1829 8 058 4.6745 8 059 6.7710 8 0.060 9.6798 8 .061 1.3667 7 .062 1.9069 7 .063 2.6307 7 064 3.5907 7 0.065 4.8510 7 .066 6.4902 7 .067 8.6028 7 .068 1.1302 6 069 1.4723 6 0.070 1.9025 6 .071 2.4393 6 072 3.1045 6 073 3.9230 6 .074 4.9236 6 0.075 6.1392 6 .076 7.6070 6 077 9.3692 6 .078 1.1473 5 .079 1.3971 5 0.080 1.6923 5 081 2.0393 5 082 2.4453 5 083 2.9183 5 084 3.4668 5 0.085 4.1002 5 .086 4.8287 5 .087 5.6633 5 088 6.6159 5 089 7.6993 5 0.090 8.9269 5 091 1.0314 4 .092 1.1874 4 .093 1.3626 4 094 1.5586 4 TABLE 129 (CONTINUED) BLACKBODY RADIATION 0-2 Wo-r Wor aa Wi» BY Fx 107 AT F »p cm. K.° 1.7772 4 0.300 2.0204 4 305 2.2901 4 310 2.5885 4 P15 2.9179 4 320 3.2804 4 0.325 5.6770 4 330 9.2957 4 335 1.4510 3 340 2.1727 3 345 3.1370 3 0.350 4.3866 3 399 5.9631 3 360 7.9053 3 365 1.0248 2 370 1.3023 2 0.375 1.6254 2 380 1.9962 2 385 2.4161 2 390 2.8858 2 395 3.4056 2 0.400 3.9754 2 410 4.5944 2 420 §:2613)/2 430 5.9749 2 440 6.7331 2 0.450 7.5339 2 .460 8.3750 2 .470 9.2538 2 480 1.0168 1 490 1.1114 1 0.500 1.2091 1 510 1.3094 1 520 1.4122 1 530 ESA 540 1.6239 1 0.550 1.7324 1 560 1.8423 1 570 1.9533) 1 580 2.0653 1 590 2.1780 1 0.600 2.2911 1 .620 2.4047 1 640 2.5183 1 660 2.6320 1 680 (continued) SMITHSONIAN METEOROLOGICAL TABLES Wy» ass Wy 2 ie FX 10 Lik lyeet 2 2.7454 1 2.8585 1 2.9712 1 3.0833 1 3.1947 1 3.3053 1 3.4150 1 3.5237 1 3.6314 1 3.7379 1 3.8432 1 3.9474 1 4.0502 1 4.1517 1 4.2518 1 4.3506 1 4.4479 1 4.5438 1 4.6382 1 4.7312 1 4.8227 1 5.0012 1 5.1738 1 5.3404 1 5.5012) 4 5.6563 1 5.8057 1 5.9495 1 6.0880 1 6.2212 1 6.3494 1 6.4727 1 6.5912 1 6.7051 1 6.8146 1 6.9198 1 7.0209 1 7.1182 1 7.2116 1 7.3014 1 7.3877 1 7.9905 1 7.7010 1 7.8402 1 7.9691 1 wwtd eal unl aul gut nl cen sel on ce col el ed cl oe a OoOmnow oOnmnone DS oS CODON NDA > IS) (jr Ate) ao wm 0, /AT x » where Wy, = cid*(e al —1)7* and Wor = Wydr Woy We FX 10°? Lee 2 8.0885 1 8.1993 1 8.3020 1 8.3974 1 8.4861 1 8.5687 1 8.6455 1 8.7172 1 8.7840 1 8.8465 1 8.9048 1 8.9594 1 9.0105 1 9.0584 1 9.1033 1 9.1455 1 9.2402 1 9.3217 1 9.3921 1 9.4532 1 9.5065 1 OSssb 9.5942 1 9.6304 1 9.6624 1 9.6909 9.7163 9.7390 9.7594 9.7777 9.7942 9.8091 9.8226 9.8349 9.8461 9.8563 —" — et pt pet pt TABLE 129 (CONCLUDED) BLACKBODY RADIATION 413 TABLE 129 B—Values of the radiant emittance W—=o7*, where o = 8.132 & 10™ all, Gente TIRE saa Ten Ones 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 pera- pe cal. em.-2 min. 4 ° cS -—TS?S-YX"'.--'-I -—-- "| ——-_—___———} 170 0.0679 0.0695 0.0712 0.0728 0.0745 0.0763 0.0780 0.0798 0.0816 0.0835 180 0854 .0873 .0892 .0912 .0932 0953 .0973 .0994 .1016 .1038 190 LOGO a LOSZ ee LOSe: lA Srl oe VO IA Mae IPA 275) 200 0.1301 0.1327 0.1354 0.1381 0.1408 0.1436 0.1464 0.1493 0.1522 0.1552 210 S820 SGIZ 1643" 211674) 21706 M7S8y sO 1c0s" Uelea7 eleaL 220 e905) 21940) 21975" 2011 2047 084 BLIZZ USO ZIOG eeeao 230 2100 R256" 2356" 122397) 12438 2480 8.2523 8.2566 .2609 = .2653 240 2698 .2743 .2789 8.2836 = .2882 2930)" 22978) 3027 11.3076) 3126 250 0.3177 0.3228 0.3280 0.3332 0.3385 0.3439 0.3493 0.3548 0.3603 0.3659 260 SULON 3174) OSL), Boo ooDO 4010 .4071 4.4133 4195 .4258 270 4322 .4386 «6.4451 _~=Ss (4517 ~—S 64584 4651 .4719 .4788 .4857 .4927 280 4998 §.5070 ~=.5143) = 5216 ~3=— 5290 OD OL SII ASE) a! 290 25752) OSS 591275993) .6076 16159" 9.6243" 6327 *.6413))) 26500 300 0.6587 0.6675 0.6764 0.6854 0.6945 0.7037 0.7130 0.7224 0.7318 0.7414 310 75107 O08n- 7206-2005) 22905 8007 .8109 .8212 .8316 .8421 320 527 ~=.8634 = 8742, —s (8852 ~— 8962 9073 .9185 .9298 .9412 .9528 330 9644 .9762 .9880 .9999 1.012 1.024 1.037 1.049 1.061 1.074 340 TOSZ SA OO, ous lel 26m eelel 39 PUS2.0) L655) 1.179. 1193.5) 1.206 350 220 R254 oe le24ony el Zoae eas, 1292 ESOS coz Messommmleool 360 S66 esol 1h3979) Ala 428 1.443 1.459 1.475 1.491 1.508 370 Tbh BEE aS eyA Gye alsSpoIL 1.608 1.625 1.643 1.660 1.678 TasLe 129 C.—Spectral distribution of energy radiated from a blackbody Temperature—°K. Temperature—°K. eas 200 «250 300 ee 200» 25g! 300 interval interval cal. cm.-? min.-1 cal. em.-? min.-1 1/7 ee i 3.0-3.5 0.0000 0.0000 0.0003 15-16 0.0058 0.0150 0.0284 3.5-4.0 .0000 .0001 .0011 16-17 .0057 .0138 0253 4.0-4.5 .0000 .0003 0025 17-18 0054 .0127 0225 4.5-5.0 .0000 .0006 .0046 18-19 0052 0115 .0200 5.0-5.5 .0001 .0012 0073 19-20 .0049 .0105 0177 5.5-6.0 0.0002 0.0019 0.0103 20-22 0.0088 0.0181 0.0298 6.0-6.5 .0003 .0029 .0132 22-24 .0076 .0149 .0236 6.5-7.0 0005 .0038 .0158 24-26 .0065 .0121 .0189 7.0-7.5 .0007 .0048 .0180 26-28 .0056 .0101 0152 7.5-8.0 .0009 0057 .0198 28-30 .0048 .0083 0124 8.0-8.5 0.0012 0.0066 0.0211 30-40 0.0154 0.0252 0.0361 8.5-9.0 .0014 .0073 .0219 40-50 0075 0115 .0157 9.0-9.5 .0017 .0079 0223 50-60 .0040 0059 0078 9.5-10 .0019 .0084 0224 60-70 .0023 0033 10-11 0045 .0176 0441 70-80 .0014 .0020 11-12 0.0051 0.0180 0.0418 80-90 0.0009 12-13 .0056 .0178 .0387 90-100 .0006 13-14 .0058 0171 0353 14-15 .0059 .0161 .0318 SMITHSONIAN METEOROLOGICAL TABLES 414 TABLES 130 AND 131 SOLAR RADIATION OUTSIDE THE ATMOSPHERE From a long series of measurements by the Smithsonian Institution the value of the solar constant, the total solar radiation at normal incidence outside the atmosphere at the mean solar distance, was calculated in 1913* to be 1.9408 ly. min.* (1 langley (ly.) =1 gram-calorie per square centimeter (cal. cm.) ). Later investigations? showed that the standard used in these measurements gave results about 2.4 percent too high and that the adjusted value is about 1.89 ly. min.* In determining the solar constant, corrections must be made for ultraviolet and infrared radiations which cannot be measured at the base of the atmosphere. Recent observations (see below) indicate that the correction employed for the unmeasured ultraviolet radiation may have been too low; also solar radiation in the infrared region beyond about 2.5 is still imperfectly known. In view of this uncertainty and since the value 1.94 ly. min. has long been used in meteorological literature as the best value of the solar constant, it has been retained in this volume for all calculations involving the solar constant. It should be clearly understood that this value is subject to revision as more data concerning the ultraviolet and infrared portions of the solar spectrum are obtained. It should also be pointed out that there is evidence * that the solar constant fluctuates as much as £1.5 percent. In addition, the varying distance between the sun and earth (see Table 169) produces a change in the actual solar radiation at the top of the atmosphere of about + 3.5 percent from the mean value. On the basis of the Smithsonian and other observations, Moon‘ in 1940 proposed a spectral solar radiation curve at normal incidence outside the atmosphere at the mean solar distance. More recently a rocket observation’ has given a direct measurement (at 55 km.) of the ultraviolet spectrum of the sun at wave lengths below 0.344. Since less than 1 percent of atmospheric ozone is above this level, this observation should be closely representative of ultraviolet solar radiation at wave lengths above 0.22u at the top of the atmosphere. Tables 130 and 131 are therefore constructed using Moon’s values for wave lengths above 0.334 and data from the rocket observation for wave lengths below 0.33y. Table 130 gives for various wave lengths the intensity of solar radiation outside the atmosphere in relative units. Table 131 gives the energy contained in various narrow spectral bands at normal incidence, in cal. cm. min.“, assuming a solar constant of 1.94 cal. cm. min.* 1 Smithsonian Inst., Ann. Astrophys. Obs., vol. 3, p. 134, 1913. 2 Aldrich, L. B., and Abbot, C. G., Smithsonian pyrheliometry and the standard scale of solar radiation, Smithsonian Misc. Coll., vol. 110, No. 5, 1948. % Abbot, C. G., Solar radiation and weather studies, Smithsonian Misc. Coll., vol. 94, No. 10, 1935. 4 Moon, P., Journ. Franklin Inst., vol. 230, p. 583, 1940. 5 Hulbert, E. O., Journ. Opt. Soc. Amer., vol. 37, p. 405, 1947. (continued) SMITHSONIAN METEOROLOGICAL TABLES TABLE 130 415 INTENSITY OF SOLAR RADIATION OUTSIDE THE ATMOSPHERE Wave Wave Wave Wave length Intensity length Intensity length Intensity length Intensity Relative Relative Relative Relative “ units Mh units uh units Th units 0.220 14 0.420 1766 0.68 1473 25 50 .230 33 424 1742 69 1439 2.6 43 .240 40 430 1788 .70 1405 21 38 .250 55 44 1939 JA 1371 2.8 33 200 126 45 2036 es 1337 29 30 0.266 174 0.46 2096 0.73 1304 3.0 26 .270 162 47 2119 74 1270 Sil 23 215 136 48 2127 75 1236 3.2 21 280 145 49 2103 80 1097 3.3 19 .290 378 50 2061 85 976 3.4 17, 0.294 418 0.51 2000 0.90 871 au tS .300 386 52 1954 95 781 3.6 14 310 538 53 1912 1.0 706 3.7 12 .320 621 54 1894 1a 590 Seon 11 330 796 55 1878 eZ 488 3.9 10 0.335 826 0.56 1861 1.3 395 4.0 9 340 856 Sy/ 1841 1.4 319 4.1 8 345 886 58 1819 5 260 4.2 8 350 916 59 1795 1.6 214 4.3 7 360 976 .60 1762 127, 177 4.4 6 0.370 1046 0.61 1727 1.8 148 45 6 380 1121 62 1690 1.9 124 4.6 5 390 1202 63 1653 2.0 105 4.7 5 400 1304 64 1616 ZA 89 48 5 405 1427 65 1579 2.2 76 4.9 4 0.410 1728 0.66 1543 748) 66 5.0 4 413 1803 67 1508 2.4 57 SMITHSONIAN METEOROLOGICAL TABLES 416 TABLE 131 ENERGY DISTRIBUTION OF SOLAR RADIATION OUTSIDE THE ATMOSPHERE (Explanation on p. 414.) At normal incidence and at mean solar distance, assuming a solar constant of 1.94 cal. cm. min. Wave- Wave- Wave- Wave- length length length length interval Energy interval Energy interval Energy interval Energy cal. cm.-2 cal. cm.-? cal. cm.-3 cal. cm.~2 Lb min,-1 i min.-1 Lb min.-+ “ min,-1 0.22-0.23 0.0004 0.45-0.46 0.0303 0.68-0.69 0.0213 0.91-0.92 0.0123 0.23-0.24 .0006 0.46-0.47 .0309 0.69-0.70 .0208 0.92-0.93 0121 0.24-0.25 .0010 0.47-0.48 0312 0.70-0.71 0203 0.93-0.94 .0118 0.25-0.26 0011 0.48-0.49 0311 0.71-0.72 .0198 0.94-0.95 .0116 0.26-0.27 0025 0.49-0.50 .0306 0.72-0.73 0194 0.95-0.96 0113 0.27-0.28 0.0021 0.50-0.51 0.0299 0.73-0.74 0.0189 0.96-0.97. 0.0111 0.28-0.29 .0029 0.51-0.52 .0290 0.74-0.75 0183 0.97-0.98 .0109 0.29-0.30 0059 0.52-0.53 0283 0.75-0.76 .0179 0.98-0.99 .0107 0.30-0.31 .0067 0.53-0.54 .0279 0.76-0.77 0175 0.99-1.0 0105 0.31-0.32 0085 0.54-0.55 0277 0.77-0.78 0171 1.0 -1.1 .0948 0.32-0.33 0.0107 0.55-0.56 0.0274 0.78-0.79 0.0167 1.1 -1.2 0.0792 0.33-0.34 0121 0.56-0.57 .0271 0.79-0.80 .0163 1.2 -1.3 .0643 0.34-0.35 .0130 0.57-0.58 .0268 0.80-0.81 0159 1.3 -1.4 0518 0.35-0.36 0138 0.58-0.59 .0264 0.81-0.82 0155 1.4 -1.5 0424 0.36-0.37 .0149 0.59-0.60 .0260 0.82-0.83 0152 1.5 -1.6 0348 0.37-0.38 0.0159 0.60-0.61 0.0255 0.83-0.84 0.0148 1.6 -1.7 0.0288 0.38-0.39 .0171 0.61-0.62 0251 0.84-0.85 0145 1.7 -1.8 .0240 0.39-0.40 0184 0.62-0.63 0245 0.85-0.86 .0142 1.8 -1.9 .0197 0.40-0.41 .0212 0.63-0.64 .0240 0.86-0.87 .0138 1.9 -2.0 .0168 0.41-0.42 .0262 0.64-0.65 .0234 0.87-0.88 0135 2.0 -3.0 .0719 0.42-0.43 0.0256 0.65-0.66 0.0229 0.88-0.89 0.0132 3.0 -4.0 0.0227 0.43-0.44 .0276 0.66-0.67 .0224 0.89-0.90 .0129 4.0 -5.0 .0084 0.44-0.45 .0292 0.67-0.68 .0219 0.90-0.91 .0126 SMITHSONIAN METEOROLOGICAL TABLES TABLES 132-134 417 TOTAL SOLAR RADIATION AT THE TOP OF THE ATMOSPHERE The values given in Tables 132-134 are based on the computations of Milankovitch,* revised on the basis of a solar constant Jo— 1.94 cal. cm.-? min. (see p. 414). The basic formula for computing the amount of solar radiation Jo reaching a unit horizontal area at the top of the atmosphere in time ¢ is == 2 908 CY where r is the radius vector of the earth (Table 169) and 2g is the sun’s zenith distance; z is given by dIo _ Jo (1) cos g=sin ¢ sin 6+ cos ¢ cos 6 cosh (2) where ¢ is the latitude, 5 is the sun’s declination and / is the sun’s hour angle. The values of Table 132 were computed by substituting for ¢ its value in terms of h and integrating equation (1) for the period sunrise to sunset with the minor approximation that 6 and r are constant during the day. To obtain the seasonal and annual values given in Table 133, 5 and r cannot be con- sidered constant, and Milankovitch evaluated the radiation by expanding certain expres- sions in series. Table 132 gives the total solar radiation in cal. cm.” falling on a horizontal surface at the top of the atmosphere during one day as a function of the terrestrial latitude and the solar longitude (or date). Table 134, prepared by Leighly,® presents the same data in a more convenient graphical form as a direct function of the date rather than of the solar longitude. Table 133 gives the total solar radiation in cal. cm.” falling on a horizontal surface at the top of the atmosphere during the whole year and also the amounts for the summer and winter half-year. Summer is defined here as the period from the vernal to the autumnal equinox (March 21 to September 23) and winter as the period from the autum- nal to the vernal equinox. i aimee M., Mathematische Klimalehre, Berlin, 1930. Handbuch der Klimatologie, Band I, 1 . 9 Leighly, J. B., private communication, 1948. (continued ) SMITHSONIAN METEOROLOGICAL TABLES 418 TOTAL DAILY SOLAR RADIATION AT THE TOP OF THE ATMOSPHERE TABLE 132 (Explanation on p. 417.) The solar constant Jo is assumed to be 1.94 cal. cm.” min. Values apply to a horizontal surface. Longitude of the sun 0° 224° 45° 674° 90° 112%° 135° 1574° 180° 2024° 225° 2474° 270° 2924° 315° 337am Approximate date Mar. Apr. May May June July Aug. Aug. Sept. Oct. Nov. Nov. Dec. Jan. Feb. Feb. 21 13 6 29 22 15 8 IL 23 16 8 30 22 13 4 26 Lati cal. cm.~2 tude SS —_ 90° 423 772 999 1077 994 765 418 80 155 423 760 984 1060 980 754 418 153 7 7 ZO 230790525 7490939 1OIZ 93497420 °519 303) 129%) 224 24 131 60 447 635 809 934 979 929 801 629 442 273 146 72 49 73 146 276 50: 575 732 867 958" 989 954 859 725 568 414 286.204. 176.205 289 41a 40 686 807 910 972 991 967 901 798 677 545 429 348 317 350 434 553 30 775 865 929 967 975 960 921 856 765 663 564 492 466 494 568 670 20 841 894 923 935 935 930 916 884 831 760 685 627 605 630 691 769 10 882 897 893 881 873 877 886 887 871 835 789 748 733 752 795 845 0 895 873 837 804 790 800 830 863 885 886 870 851 843 855 878 896 —10 882 824 760 707 687 704 753 814 871 910 927 931 933 936 936 921 —20 841 750 660 593 567 590 654 741 831 907 959 988 999 993 968 918 —30 775 654 543 465 436 463 538 646 765 877 964 1020 1041 1025 973 888 —40 686 538 413 329 297 328 409 533 677 819 944 1027 1059 1032 953 828 —50 575 408 276 193 165 192 274 404 568 743 901 1014 1056 1018 909 752 —60 447 269 140 68 47 68 139 266 442 644 840 987 1046 992 847 652 —70 307 127 23 23 126 303 532 778 993 1081 998 785 539 —80 155 7 7 153 429 790 1041 1132 1046 796 434 —90 429 801 1056 1149 1062 809 434 The solar constant Jo is assumed to be 1.94 cal. cm.- horizontal surface. Lati- Summer tude half-year cal. cm.-? 0° 155760 5 160880 10 164850 15 167670 20 169330 25 169880 30 169220 35 167470 40 164620 45 160790 SMITHSONIAN METEOROLOGICAL TABLES Winter half-year cal. cm.~? 155760 149610 142400 134210 125110 115220 104570 93300 81510 69360 TABLE 133 TOTAL ANNUAL AND SEASONAL SOLAR RADIATION AT THE TOP (Explanation on p. 417.) Total cal. cm.-? 311520 310490 307250 301880 294440 285100 273790 260770 246130 230150 Lati- tude cal. cm.-2 2 OF THE ATMOSPHERE min. Summer half-year cal. cm.-? 156030 150640 144610 138710 134540 132070 130480 129580 129300 -1 Values apply to a Winter half-year cal. cm.~? 56980 44720 32610 21510 13040 7160 3140 720 0 Total cal. cm.-2 213010 195360 177220 160220 147580 139230 133620 130300 129300 TABLE 134 419 CHART OF THE TOTAL DAILY SOLAR RADIATION AT THE TOP OF THE ATMOSPHERE (Explanation on p. 417.) The solar constant Jo is assumed to be 1.94 cal. cm.? min.* The solid curves represent total daily solar radiation on a horizontal surface at the top of the atmosphere, measured in cal. cm.” Shaded areas represent regions of con- tinuous darkness. non JANG TREBIe MARS APRIL MAY) JUNED JULY) SAUGS SEPT. 1OCi NOVI DEG: °O le 7 NCR STN TNS EIT 50 eer ee ia ci aw wae aN we WAVE ONG 4) -90° HEL yg Uy fy JAN. FEB. MAR. APRIL MAY JUNE JULY PTS “SEPT. OCT. NOV. DEC SMITHSONIAN METEOROLOGICAL TABLES 420 TABLES 135 AND 136 TOTAL DIRECT SOLAR RADIATION REACHING THE GROUND WITH VARIOUS ATMOSPHERIC TRANSMISSION COEFFICIENTS The basic formula for computing the direct solar radiation J which falls on a unit horizontal area at the earth’s surface in time ¢ is al = Jo Ge 4 dt r where a is the transmission coefficient of the atmosphere, r is the radius vector of the earth, Jo is the solar constant and 2 is the sun’s zenith distance. The development based on the computations of Milankovitch’ is similar to the case for the radiation at the top of the atmosphere (p. 414) except that numerical integration is used instead of analytical integration. Jo is assumed to be 1.94 cal. cm™ min. Some approximations have been made, namely: (a) Equation (1) is assumed to apply to total solar radiation although its derivation is applicable strictly only to monochromatic radiation. (b) Refraction by the earth’s atmosphere has been neglected. Table 135 gives the direct solar radiation in cal. cm.” which reaches a horizontal area at the surface of the earth during one day with various atmospheric transmission coefh- cients, as a function of terrestrial latitude and solar longitude (or date). Table 136 gives the direct solar radiation in cal. cm.” which reaches a horizontal area at the surface of the earth during the whole year with various atmospheric transmission coefficients, and also the amounts for the summer and winter half-year (March 21 to September 23 and September 23 to March 21 respectively). Computation of diffuse sky radiation.—Table 135 gives only the component of the direct solar radiation which reaches a horizontal surface. To estimate the total radia- tion (direct plus sky) which reaches a horizontal surface under cloudless conditions, the diffuse sky radiation must be added to the values given. The sky radiation may be ap- proximated roughly by use of the following assumption:* Of the radiation which is scattered from the direct solar beam, half is scattered forward (downward) and half is scattered back. This assumption is strictly correct only when the scattering particles are small by comparison with the wave length of light. The procedure for estimating the sky radiation under this assumption is: cos 2 (1) (1) Find the extra-terrestrial radiation Jo for the latitude and date desired from Table 132. (2) Decrease Jo by 9 percent to allow for water vapor absorption* (7 percent) and for ozone absorption’ (2 percent). The remaining radiation is given by 0.91 Jo. (3) Find the appropriate value of the direct radiation reaching the surface of the earth from Table 135 and substract from 0.91 Jo. The resulting difference, S, approximates the energy scattered out of the solar beam. (4) Compute $/2. S/2 is the diffuse sky radiation and is to be added to the value from Table 135 to give the total radiation reaching the surface of the earth. The annual and seasonal values given in Table 136 may be treated in a similar manner with the aid of Table 133. Another estimate of the average diffuse radiation for middle latitudes may be ob- tained from Kimball’s® measurement as a function of air mass. To apply these to Table 135, Kimball’s data should be integrated over the day. 1 Milankovitch, M., Mathematische Klimalehre, Berlin, 1930. Handbuch der Klimatologie, Band I, Teil A. 2 Fritz, S., private communication, 1949, 3 Kimball, H. H., Month. Weath. Rev., vol. 63, p. 1, 1935. 4See Tables 139 and 140. 5 Fritz, S., Journ. Meteorol., vol. 6, p. 277, 1949. 6 Kimball, H. H., Month. Weath. Rev., vol. 47, p. 769, 1919. (continued) SMITHSONIAN METEOROLOGICAL TABLES TABLE 135 TOTAL DAILY DIRECT SOLAR RADIATION REACHING THE GROUND WITH VARIOUS ATMOSPHERIC TRANSMISSION COEFFICIENTS 421 The solar constant Jo is assumed to be 1.94 cal. cm. min.” Values apply to a horizontal surface. Longitude of the sun Orr 45902 1352 l80R225e 2705 slo: Approximate date Lati- Mar. May June Aug. Sept. Nov. Dec. 21 6 22 8 23 8 22 Transmission coefficient a= 0.6 cal. cm.-2 60 120 312 406 308 118 10 50 4. 202 3/6. 450,372 199), 58 19 40 282 426 477 421 278 130 75 30 350 453 481 449 345 213 152 20 404 459 465 454 398 293 237 10 436 444 428 439 430 366 323 0 447 407 372 404 440 422 397 —10 436 353 303 349 430 461 457 —20 404 282 222 279 398 475 497 —30 350 206 143 204 345 470 514 —40 282 125 70 124 278 441 509 e-90...202. 56.48.55 199. 391 481 —60 120 10 10 118 323 434 —70 47 46 242 373 —80 6 5 164 330 —90 131 319 Transmission coefficient a= 0.8 —50 356 131 60 130 350 612 732 —60 242 42 4 42 240 539 694 —70 128 1 1 126 449 646 —80 29 29 378 649 —90 363 656 SMITHSONIAN METEOROLOGICAL TABLES Feb. 4 Longitude of the sun On e4om | 9001352 180e) 22527 0rial or Approximate date i- Mar. May June Aug. Sept. Nov. Dec. Feb. 21 6 22 8 23 8 22 4 Transmission coefficient a = 0.7 cal. cm.-? 80 79 337 499 340 13 13 253 472255 226 469 228 333 a 15 ie 328 674 854 681 199 196 593 826 598 67 66 547 867 553 551 883 556 422 TABLE 136 TOTAL ANNUAL AND SEASONAL DIRECT RADIATION REACHING THE GROUND WITH VARIOUS ATMOSPHERIC TRANSMISSION COEFFICIENTS | | | (Explanation on p. 420.) The solar constant Jo is assumed to be 1.94 cal. cm. min. Values apply to a horizontal surface. Latitude 0° 102 20° 30° 40° 50° 60° 70> clr uesus Transmission coefficient a= 0.6 cal. cm.-? ee Summer half-year 75710 81630 83570 81830 76120 66830 55000 41320 29800 25200 Winter half-year 75710 66430 54280 40510 26330 13680 5000 1020 0 Total 151420 148060 137850 122340 102450 80510 60000 42340 29800 25200 Transmission coefficient a= 0.7 Summer half-year 93050 99790 102340 100610 94790 84990 72030 57240 44790 39990 Winter half-year 93050 82640 68870 53160 36120 20410 8170 2140 110 Total 186100 182430 171210 153770 130910 105400 80200 59380 44900 39990 Transmission coefficient a= 0.8 Summer half-year 112040 119380 122440 121320 115400 105400 92140 76630 65100 60610 Winter half-year 112040 100500 85300 67440 48260 29080 12960 3880 310 Total 224080 219880 207740 188760 163660 134480 105100 80510 65410 60610 Transmission coefficient a= 0.9 Summer half-year 132650 140710 144580 143870 138360 128660 115810 101220 92440 89890 Winter half-year 132050 120190 103660 84490 62950 40820 20210 6940 1020 Total 265300 260900 248240: 228360 201310 169480 136020 108160 93460 89890 TABLE 137 OPTICAL AIR MASS CORRESPONDING TO DIFFERENT ZENITH DISTANCES OF THE SUN The optical air mass m (also called the “air mass”) is the length of the atmospheric path traversed by the sun’s rays in reaching the earth, measured in terms of the length of this path when the sun is in the zenith. For a zenith distance z of the sun less than 80° the optical air mass is approximately equal to sec. z. At greater zenith distances the secant gives values which are increasingly too high, because of errors due to atmospheric refraction, curvature of the earth, etc. Table 137 is based on the widely used computa- tions of Bemporad,’ who gives the formula atmospheric refraction in seconds 58”.36 sin z If the pressure at the surface fp is different from the standard sea-level pressure po, the values of m are to be multiplied by p/p». i Saute vimeaDen arcales weniaen (Wheat metnach\iinace 6° 7° 8° 9° zenith distance Optical air mass 0° 1.00 10 1.02 1.04 20 1:06) 9 1.07 1.08 1.09 1.09 1.10 1.11 ay 1.13 1.14 30 MES) TAZ, 1.18 LALO Teale 0) 1.22 1.23 1.25 1527 1.28 40 1.30 1.32 1.34 S739 1.41 1.44 1.46 1.49 1.52 50 155 1.59 1.62 1.66 1.70 1.74 1.78 1.83 1.88 1.94 60 Z.00 ee Z06n eZ Ze eo 227, 2.36 2.45 2.55 2.65 Pathe) 70 2.90 3.05 SpA Soh) SLES 3.82 4.07 4.37 4.72 5.12 80 SOO. MOS 6:88 7777) SS OO 10.39 12.44 15.36 19.79 26.96 1 Bemporad, A., Rend. Acc. Lincei., Roma, ser. 5, vol. 16, pp. 66-71, 1907. See also Linke, F Handbuch der Geophysik, Band VIII, pp. 240-245, Gebriider Borntraeger, Berlin-Zehlenday, 1943. SMITHSONIAN METEOROLOGICAL TABLES TABLE 138 423 ABSORPTION OF RADIATION BY WATER VAPOR, 10-25y There is an unfortunate lack of suitable laboratory data on the absorption spectrum of water vapor. For many years the work of Hettner* on the infrared absorption spectrum of steam at atmospheric pressure had been widely used in meteorology. In 1932 Weber and Randall? redetermined the percentage absorption (not absorption coefficients) for steam (10-16) and for saturated water vapor at “room temperature” (16-254). The latter authors found smaller absorptions and a more complex spectrum than did Hettner, though the data are not strictly comparable, owing to different laboratory techniques and to the higher resolutions used by Weber and Randall. However, the primary purpose of their research was to determine the positions and the relative intensities of the various absorption lines, and the data given are insufficient for the accurate determination of the absorption coefficients. The element in doubt is the path length of water vapor employed, which depends on the “room temperature” appropriate to the tabulated absorptions and on the length of the absorption cell used, although it seems probable that the latter was 3 meters. The confusion arising from the failure to specify the temperature is apparent in the literature. Ramanathan and Ramdas* computed the absorption coefficients assuming the room temperature to be 26.3 °C., a value obtained from the record of another experiment described in Weber and Randall’s article. Also, Wexler* points out that owing to a typographical error in the original article,’ the absorption lines from 21.394 to 22.55u were ascribed to steam rather than to saturated vapor at room temperature; therefore the absorption coefficients computed by Ramanathan and Ramdas are much too low in this region. Wexler,* through correspondence with Professor Randall, obtained the value 22.5 °C. for the room temperature and attempted to correct the Ramanathan and Ramdas data accordingly ; but Wexler assumed that they had used 30 °C. in their computations rather than 26.3 °C. Although this was pointed out in a later article,° the earlier data presented by Wexler have found their way into meteorological literature,° as have the data of Ramanathan and Ramdas.’ Elsasser * discusses the concept of the absorption coefficient in the case of overlapping absorption lines, as occurs in the water vapor spectrum. The Weber and Randall data are given below. Note.—There has been considerable recent research on the problem of water-vapor absorption, but the results were not available in time to be included here. See, for example: Chapman, R. M., Howard, J. N., and Miller, V. A., Atmospheric transmission of infrared, Summary report. Ohio State Univ. Res. Found., Columbus, June 30, 1949. Drummeter, L. F., and Strong, J., Infrared absorption of water vapor at 1.8 microns. Johns Hopkins Univ. Rep., Baltimore, 1949. 1 Hettner, G., Ann. d. Physik, vol. 55, p. 476, 1917. 2 Weber, L. R., and Randall, H. M., Phys. Rev., vol. 40, p. 835, 1932. 3 Ramanathan, K. R., and Ramdas, L. A., Proc. Ind. Acad. Sci., vol. 1A, p. 822, 1935. 4 Wexler, H., Month. Weath. Rev., vol. 64, p. 122, 1936. 5 Wexler, H., Month. Weath. Rev., vol. 65, p. 102, 1937. 6 See Schnaidt, F., Gerl. Beitr. Geophys., vol. 56, p. 230, 1939. 7See Brunt, D., Physical and dynamical meteorology, p. 117, Cambridge, 1941. 8 Elsasser, W. M., Harvard Meteorological Studies No. 6,7p. 35, Milton, 1940. (continued) SMITHSONIAN METEOROLOGICAL TABLES TABLE 138 (CONCLUDED) ABSORPTION OF RADIATION BY WATER VAPOR, 10-25, 424 Wave length Steam Mh % 10.13 1 10.20 1 10.42 9 10.85 1 11.06 5 11.22 1 ESZ 1 dAe55 1 11.58 1 11.65 2 S77, 7 11.97 4 12.14 7 12.34 2 12.41 4 12.48 10 12.58 11 12.65 15 12.82 6 12.92 9 13.06 17 13.22 16 13.32 15 13.50 17 13.74 9 13.95 18+ 14.07 13 14.23 32 * “Room temperature.” 2° Wave length 7 14.39 14.46 14.54 14.76 15.17 15.34 Steam SMITHSONIAN METEOROLOGICAL TABLES Sat. vapor * % — WONAN WUD EONS —" — i a — wont Wave length Sat. vapor * % 6 Wave length 12 20.94 212 21.14 21.18 21.29 21.34 21.39 TABLE 139 425 ABSORPTION OF RADIATION BY WATER VAPOR, 1.3-9u Fowle? made a series of laboratory measurements on the infrared absorption spectrum of water vapor for wave lengths up to about 22u. His results for the band 1.3 to 8.0u and the band 5 to 9u are tabulated below. The 1.3 to 8.0u band was investigated using a 60° rock-salt prism; the 5 to 9u band using a 15° rock-salt prism. The latter gives smaller dispersions and the measurements are more difficult. Part A.—Percent absorption by water vapor, 1.3-8.0u. Band Wave-length interval Precipitable water, mm. 0.08 0.82 v7 % % NG 1ESe—1e75 6.1 18 Q 175—2:2 13.6 29 X 2.2 —3.2 23.6 41 — 3.2 —4.0 de 37 NG 40 -4.9 32.5 50 Hb, 49 -5.4 18 42 sf 5.4 —5.9 47 85 8 5.9 -6.4 64 97 6.4 -7.0 68 97 3 7.0 -8.0 25 62 Part B.—Percent absorption by water vapor, 5-9x. Precipitable water, mm. wasnt’ toss 04m 012) «6828 11s | 16 2.5 % % % % Ge % % 56 18 22 25 43 55 59 65 67 48 54 69 85 95 95 95 78 15 19 34 42 66 76 83 8-9 0 0 2 2 8 13 35 1Fowle, F. E., Smithsonian Misc. Coll., vol. 68, No. 8, 1917. TABLE 140 TRANSMISSION OF SOLAR RADIATION BY WATER VAPOR, 0.7-2.2y Fowle* determined the fractional transmission of energy in the ¢ and wy bands by laboratory experiment over short water-vapor paths. By intercomparison with solar spectra, he was able to extend the path length to greater values, and to relate the trans- mission in the ¢ band to that in other bands as a function of the amount of water vapor, considering only depletion due to selective absorption and neglecting scattering (see Table 145). These values are given in the chart’ below for various wave-length bands defined as follows: Band Wave-length interval (microns) a 0.70-0.74 Bu 0.79-0.84 A 0.86-0.99 ro) 1.03-1.23 VY 1.24-1.53 Q 1.53-2.10 1Fowle, F. E., Astrophys. Journ., vol. 35, p. 149, 1912. 2 Fowle, F. E., Astrophys. Journ., vol. 42, p. 394, 1915. (continued) SMITHSONIAN METEOROLOGICAL TABLES TABLE 140 (CONCLUDED) TRANSMISSION OF SOLAR RADIATION BY WATER VAPOR 426 Fractional transmission LISTS, FIRE] * Bes Gaels SPEER TT JED AAS eae es JSIZABAS AD Ge as Amounts of ea water, SMITHSONIAN METEOROLOGICAL TABLES TABLE 141 427 ABSORPTION OF RADIATION BY CARBON DIOXIDE A.—Mean percentage absorption by carbon dioxide (CO2) from parallel beams of vari- ous wave-length intervals, under laboratory conditions of pressure and temperature.’ COz path 13-14 12.5-13 length * 14-16 or 16-17 or 17-17.5 9-11 Observer cm. % % % Jo 0.004 il M 0.05 8.0 M 0.23 20.0 M 0.68 38.7 M 1.00 48.0 8 R 1.58 7 ee M 4 73.3 17 2 R 20 91.2 39 5 R 25 ee 40 ae M 100 98.0 63 12 2 R 400 100. 83 23 R * Reduced to normal pressure and temperature. Observers: M—Martin, P., and Barker, E., Phys. Rev., vol. 41, p. 176, 1932. R—Rubens, H., and Ladenberg, E., Verh. Phys. Ges., vol. 7, p. 170, 1905. Data on the variation with pressure and temperature of absorption by carbon dioxide is inconclusive. Brooks? reports that Bruinenburg* and Moller* assume the variation with pressure to be proportional to p°”, while Elsasser® uses the factor p®®. Variation with temperature (°K.) is usually assumed to be small, approximately proportional to {pe Carbon dioxide also has an absorption band in the region of 4.3 microns, but this band is not generally considered to be meteorologically significant. The mean absorption in the region 4.0-4.54 is about 67 percent for 1 centimeter of COs. : B.—Absorption by CO: from parallel beam of equal light intensity from 14 to 16 microns, calculated from quantum mechanics for stratospheric conditions (/=203 mb., i218 oe) * COz path Air length * thickness + Absorption cm, | mb. Io 0.004 0.0098 0.62 .05 123 52 A 2.46 29.4 4. 9.84 ola 20. 49.2 iets | * Reduced to 1013.25 mb. and 0 °C. } For a concentration of 3.0 X 10-* parts of carbon dioxide by volume. Since in atmospheric prob- lems the flux of radiation is diffuse, rather than in parallel beams, the figures in the first column were divided by 1.66 before computing the corresponding air thickness in the second column. 1 Callendar, G. S., Quart. Journ. Roy. Meteorol. Soc., vol. 67, p. 263, 1941. 2 Brooks, D. L., Measurements of atmospheric radiation applied to the heat transfer by infrared radiation in the free atmosphere, Sc. D. dissertation, M. I. T., 1948. 3 Bruinenburg, A., Koninlijk Ned. Met. Inst. de Bilt, ser. B, Deel I, 1946. 4 Moller, F., Meteorol. Zeitschr., vol. 61, p. 37, 1944. 5 Elsasser, W. M., Harvard Meteorol. Series, No. 6, 1942. 6 Kaplan, L. D., Journ. Chem. Phys., vol. 15, p. 809, 1947. 7 Kaplan, L. D., private communication, July 1949. SMITHSONIAN METEOROLOGICAL TABLES 428 TASLE 142 ABSORPTION OF RADIATION BY OZONE Parts A and B of this table give values of the “decimal” absorption coefficient of ozone, 02, in the ultraviolet and in the visible bands as determined in the laboratory by Ny and Choong! and by Colange® respectively. The average absorption coefficient for narrow wave-length intervals has been taken from curves in the references cited. The pressure dependence is small for these bands. * Evidence indicates a temperature effect on the absorption coefficients in the ultraviolet bands,” *” but there is conflicting evidence con- cerning a possible temperature effect in the visible band.” * *° The “decimal” absorption coefficient a and the “Naperian” absorption coefficient k are defined by the following expressions Te Tox 105 Ton eu? where Jo is the initial intensity of a parallel beam of radiation of wave length in the neighborhood of \ and J) is the intensity after passing through a layer of ozone 4 centi- meters thick at normal pressure and temperature (0 °C. and 760 mm. Hg.); e is the base of the natural logarithms. Values of a are tabulated, and corresponding values of k may be obtained from the relationship k =a log. 10 = 2.3026 a. Part C gives the percentage absorption by ozone under laboratory conditions for a path of ozone 1 centimeter long at 0 °C. and 760 mm. Hg. as given by Sutherland and Callendar.“ Strong‘ states that the absorption by ozone in the infrared is proportional to the fourth root of the total pressure. 1Ny Tsi-Ze and Choong Shin-Piaw, Chinese Journ. Phys., vol. 1, p. 38, 1933. 2Colange, G., Journ. d. Physique, vol. 8, p. 254, 1927. 3 Vassy, E., Conference on atmospheric ozone held at Oxford, Sept. 9-11, 1936, p. 26, published by the Royal Meteorological Society, London, 1936. 4 Strong, J., Journ. Franklin Inst., vol. 231, p. 121, 1941, 5 Wulf, O. R., and Melvin, E. H., Phys. Rev., vol. 38, p. 330, 1931. 6 Vassy, E., Ann. Phys., vol. 8, p. 679, 1937. 7 Gotz, F. W. P., Beitr. Geophys., Ergebnisse der Kosmischen Physik, vol. 3, p. 253, 1938. 8 Humphrey, G. L., and Badger, R. M., Journ. Chem. Phys., vol. 15, p. 794, 1947. ® Vigroux, E., Compte Rend., vol. 227, p. 272, 1948. 10 Vassy, A., and Vassy, E., Journ. Chem. Phys., vol. 16, p. 1163, 1948. 11 Sutherland, G. B. B. M., and Callendar, G. S., Reports on progress in physics, vol. IX, The Physical Review, London, 1943, (continued) SMITHSONIAN METEOROLOGICAL TABLES TABLE 142 (CONCLUDED) ABSORPTION OF RADIATION BY OZONE A.—Decimal absorption coefficients of ozone in the ultraviolet. Wave Absorption length coefficient 7 cm,-1 .210-.220 16.5 .220-.230 41.5 .230-.240 86 .240-.250 126 .250-.260 141 .260-.270 122 .270-.280 71 .280-.285 36.1 .285-.290 26.0 .290-.295 14.9 .295-.300 6.4 .300-.301 4.58 .301-.302 4.02 .302-.303 3.55 .303-.304 3.18 .304-.305 2.85 .305-.306 2.56 Wave Absorption Wave length coefficient length 7 cm.-+ Mb .306-.307 2.32 .323-.324 .307-.308 2.00 .324-.325 .308-.309 1.83 .325-.326 .309-.310 1.56 .326-.327 310-.311 1.34 .327-.328 .311-.312 1.17 .328-.329 .312-.313 1.03 .329-.330 .313-.314 0.94 330-.331 314-.315 0.77 .331-.332 .315-.316 0.70 .332—.333 .316-.317 0.575 333-.334 .317-.318 0.545 334-.335 .318-.319 0.405 335-336 .319-.320 0.400 .336-.337 320-321 0.315 .337-.338 .321—.322 0.265 338-.339 322-323 0.260 .339-.340 B.—Decimal absorption coefficients of ozone in the visible. Wave Absorption Wave Absorption Wave length coefficient length coefficient length Lb cm.-1 ih cm,-? Lb 44-.45 0.002 51-52 0.018 58-.59 45-.46 .002 52-.53 025 .59-.60 46-.47 .004 53-.54 031 .60-.61 47-48 .004 54-.55 031 .61-.62 48-.49 .008 55-.56 .036 .62-.63 .49-.50 0.012 56-.57 0.043 .63-.64 50-.51 .016 57-58 045 C.—Percentage absorption of radiation by ozone in the infrared, (for 1 cm. path length at N.T.P.) SMITHSONIAN METEOROLOGICAL TABLES Wave length Lb 4.5- 5.0 9.4- 9.8 12.5-15.5 Absorption 429 Absorption coefficient cm.-? 0.192 0.189 0.187 0.124 0.133 0.119 0.073 Absorption coefficient 430 TABLE 143 ABSORPTION COEFFICIENTS OF OXYGEN Table 143 gives values of the “decimal” absorption coefficient of molecular oxygen, O:, in the region 0.13-0.24u, the region of meteorological interest. The values have been taken from a curve by Craig* based on the investigations of Ladenburg,’? Buisson et al.,® Granath,* and Gotz and Maier-Leibnitz.’ Craig states that pressure dependence is negligible at wave lengths up to about 0.1754, but that Heilpern® has found a marked pressure dependence in the region of 0.2144 and above. The “decimal” absorption coefficient a and the “Naperian” absorption coefficient k are defined’ by the following expressions Ux Tox 105? gner where Jo, is the initial intensity of a parallel beam of radiation of wave length in the neighborhood of and J, is the intensity after passing through a layer of oxygen +r centimeters thick at normal pressure and temperature (0 °C. and 760 mm. Hg.) ; e is the base of the natural logarithms. Values of a are tabulated, and corresponding values of k may be obtained from the relationship k =a loge 10 = 2.3026a. Wave Absorption Wave Absorption length coefficient length coefficient ub a a a 0.13 8.7 0.19 0.0019 14 151. .20 .00022 146 ZN 21 .00014 aS) 176. E22, .000091 16 74. 23 .000056 sll? 7: .24 .000026 18 0.38 1Craig, R. A., The observations and photochemistry of atmospheric ozone and their meteorological significance, Sc. D. dissertation, M. I. T., 1948. 2 Ladenburg, R., and Van Voorhis, C. C., Phys. Rev., vol. 43, p. 315, 1933. 3 Buisson, H., Jausserau, C., and Rouard, P., Rev. d’Optique, vol. 12, p. 70, 1933. 4Granath, L. P., Phys. Rev., vol. 34, p. 1045, 1929. 5 Gotz, F. W. P., and Maier-Leibnitz, H., Zeitschr. Geophys., vol. 9, p. 253, 1933. ® Heilpern, W., Helv. Phys. Acta., vol. 14, p. 329, 1941. SMITHSONIAN METEOROLOGICAL TABLES TABLE 144 431 TRANSMISSION OF RADIATION THROUGH PURE, DRY AIR Fowle? has shown that on high mountains above the dust of the lower levels, atmos- pheric transmission by dry air da, agrees closely with the theoretical equation developed by King? from Rayleigh’s* classical equations for molecular scattering. King’s equations are C= en (1 ) and 2 H p n= 2] Om — 1) a bH |b D, 2) 3 (m, — 1) Wx a6 rs + ( where mM, = index of refraction of air for wave length }, H = height of the homogeneous atmosphere, cm., po = standard sea-level pressure, p = observed pressure, \ = wave length of the radiation, cm., N = number of molecules per cm.* in the homogeneous atmosphere, b = energy absorbed by the permanent gases, D = depletion by dust. Here aa, represents the transmission factor for optical air mass unity when p = po. Linke* has computed ky, and aa, for dust-free air (D=0) assuming N =2.70 x 10”, H =799100 cm., p= po, and using values of m, given by Traub. The absorption by permanent gases was considered to be negligible (b=0). Table 144 gives values of k, and aa, for various wave lengths. 1Fowle, F. E., Astrophys. Journ., vol. 38, p. 392, 1913. 2 King, L. V., Philos. Trans. Roy. Soc. London, A, vol. 212, p. 375, 1913. 3 Rayleigh, Lord, Philos. Mag., vol. 47, p. 375, 1899. 4 Linke, F., Meteorologisches Taschenbuch, vol. 4, Leipzig, 1939. 5 Traub, W., Ann. Phys., vol. 61, 1920. TRANSMISSION OF RADIATION THROUGH PURE, DRY AIR Wave Wave Wave length ky TaN length ky Gan length ky Gay i “ hh 0.28 1.555 0.211 0.46 0.190 0.827 0.80 0.0201 0.980 9,29 1.335 0.263 0.48 0.160 0.852 0.85 0.0158 0.984 0.90 0.0125 0.988 0.30 1.15 0.316 0.50 0.135 0.874 0.95 0.0101 0.990 0.31 1.00 0.368 0.52 0.115 0.891 0.32 0.872 0.418 0.54 0.0988 0.906 1.00 0.00821 0.992 0.33 0.768 0.464 0.55 0.0915 0.913 1.10 0.00560 0.995 0.34 0.676 0.508 0.56 0.0852 0.918 1.20 0.00395 0.996 0.58 0.0738 0.929 1.40 0.00213 0.998 0.35 0.598 0.551 1.50 0.00162 0.998 0.36 0.530 0.589 0.60 0.0645 0.938 1.60 0.00125 0.999 0.37 0.472 0.623 0.62 0.0564 0.945 1.80 0.00078 0.999 0.38 0.422 0.656 0.64 0.0497 0.952 0.39 0.378 0.685 0.65 0.0466 0.955 2.00 0.00051 1.000 0.66 0.0438 0.957 2.50 0.000208 1.000 0.40 0.340 0.712 0.68 0.0388 0.962 3.00 0.000100 1.000 0.42 0.277 0.758 3.50 0.000054 1.000 0.44 0.229 0.795 0.70 0.0345 0.966 4.00 0.000032 1.000 0.45 0.208 0.812 0.75 0.0262 0.974 SMITHSONIAN METEOROLOGICAL TABLES 432 TABLE 145 SCATTERING OF SOLAR RADIATION BY WATER VAPOR From the Smithsonian Institution spectral observations at Mt. Wilson, Fowle * measured the spectral transmission of solar radiation by a cloudless atmosphere (assumed dust-free) and computed the spectral transmission coefficient a, for a vertical path. Assuming Gy = dard wr” (1) where da, is the vertical transmission considering only the effect of scattering by pure dry air, aw, is the transmission considering only the effect of scattering by 1 centimeter of precipitable water vapor, and w is the amount of precipitable water in the path, Fowle plotted log a, against w (measured spectroscopically). The slope of the best-fitting straight line gives log awa, from which dw, is computed. Table 145 gives dw, as a function of wave length; values are averages for the years 1910, 1911, and 1913. Wave Wave Wave Wave length Awr length Aw length Awr length Awr “ eg i 1 0.342 0.920 0.431 0.957 0.686 0.981 1.603 0.987 350 .926 452 961 .764 .984 1.738 .987 360 934 475 .964 .864 .986 1.870 .987 sera 940 503 .968 .987 987 2.000 986 384 945 535 972 1.146 .987 2.123 985 397 .949 574 .970 1.302 .987 2.242 .984 413 953 .624 975 1.452 987 2.348 983 1Fowle, F. E., Astrophys. Journ., vol. 38, p. 392, 1913. 2Fowle, F. E., Smithsonian Misc. Coll., vol. 68, No. 8, p. 45, 1917. Additional data for \ < .574u are given in Smithsonian Misc. Coll., vol. 69, No. 3, 1918. SMITHSONIAN METEOROLOGICAL TABLES TABLE 146 433 TRANSMISSION OF SOLAR RADIATION BY THE ATMOSPHERE, 5.5-22y Adel and Lampland? investigated the atmospheric transmission of solar radiation at the Lowell Observatory, Flagstaff, Ariz., for varying amounts of precipitable water in the atmosphere. The latter was determined spectroscopically by the method of Fowle.’ The term precipitable water as used here refers to the water-vapor content along the path traversed by the radiation. Part A.—Percent transmission in the region 5.5-8.0u. length I II III IV V VI i To Jo % % % % 5) 1.0 2.0 3.0 7.0 10.0 11.6 5.6 0.8 0.8 0.9 2.3 4.0 5.2 57 0.0 0.2 0.3 0.4 1.0 1a 5.8 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.0 0.2 0.3 5.9 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 6.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 6.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 6.2 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.0 1.2 6.3 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.3 0.7 2.4 6.4 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.3 0.3 12 6.5 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 6.6 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 6.7 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 6.8 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.7 6.9 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.2 ibe 3:1 7.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.6 55 6.3 7.1 0.0 0.0 0.9 3.6 7A 11.3 Uke 0.0 12 2.1 6.2 11.5 17.0 7.3 0.8 4.4 5.9 10.8 18.4 24.0 7.4 4.3 10.9 14.0 20.6 212 34.2 7.5 10.5 19.5 227 29.6 31.4 42.0 7.6 8.0 15.2 17.0 24.5 28.8 29.0 rE 13:3 17.4 19.6 19.7 24.4 26.6 7.8 19.9 25.7 26.6 27.3 32.4 36.3 7.9 18.7 26.4 26.7 27.4 32.8 38.8 8.0 44.6 47.8 54.8 52.4 60.7 63.1 Notes: Column I; precipitable water Beats mm., optical air mass not specified. “c Ill, “ec 6“ 47- 46 ‘“ i 7 6c “ ‘“ “c F 6“ IV, “c “ gales 3.0 “cc i “ce “ “ce “ee “cc “ 5 “cc “ 2.1 «“c i 6c “cc “ “cc ac cc \WAlle ce “ Tete 1.0 6é ; “cc ity “ce “cc “ Decrease in transmission due principally to H:0; above 7.54 bands due to nitrogen oxides are superimposed. 1 Adel, A., and Lampland, C. O., Astrophys. Journ., vol. 91, p. 1 and p. 481, 1940. 2 Fowle, F. E., Smithsonian Misc. Coll., vol. 68, No. 8, 1917. (continued) SMITHSONIAN METEOROLOGICAL TABLES 434 TABLE 146 (CONTINUED) TRANSMISSION OF SOLAR RADIATION BY THE ATMOSPHERE, 5.5-22y Part B.—Percent transmission in the region 8.0-11.0z. teat VII VIII IX x XI XII Lh % % % % % % 8.0 20.3 25.6 44.6 47.8 52.4 60.7 8.1 37.6 44.2 65.8 73.3 70.8 79.5 8.2 34.4 47.2 68.7 76.5 80.5 85.9 8.3 47.1 52.7 78.1 82.7 89.5 91.4 8.4 49.5 64.8 83.7 89.7 93.7 97.3 8.5 47.5 63.2 82.5 88.3 93.3 96.6 8.6 54.8 70.0 84.8 90.5 93.6 97.1 8.7 53.1 WAS 83.3 89.8 93.4 95.6 8.8 51.8 69.5 81.6 88.0 91.7 94.3 8.9 56.5 7 86.2 92.7 95.7 97.9 9.0 54.0 12:3 82.8 91.0 95.2 97.6 9.1 57.6 74.2 85.2 91.4 94.7 97.1 9.2 58.2 G31. 84.2 90.8 91.8 95.0 9.3 512 62.4 77.6 84.7 85.7 88.5 9.4 26.2 30.7 42.7 43.2 40.4 41.9 9.5 Zu 232 32.0 34.7 27.3 28.5 9.6 24.6 27.8 35.1 39.8 31.6 32.6 9.7 24.6 27.3 35.3 41.8 33.1 34.3 9.8 30.0 34.2 43.3 50.8 43.0 45.4 9.9 40.8 45.8 57.6 65.8 60.9 64.2 10.0 49.6 59.2 74.2 82.3 80.2 82.7 10.1 575 69.2 83.8 92.5 O17 94.8 10.2 56.7 70.0 83.8 93.9 94.2 98.5 10.3 53.3 68.5 82.2 92.5 94.5 98.7 10.4 56.4 71.5 80.6 91.0 95.1 99.0 10.5 52.3 68.5 78.4 89.0 91.6 97.0 10.6 55:1 70.7 80.8 92.3 93.8 97.7 10.7 56.3 Weds 82.0 93.5 94.2 97.8 10.8 50.0 66.3 75.4 90.5 92.3 96.6 10.9 53.0 70.5 78.8 93.6 94.7 96.2 11.0 51.0 64.4 78.9 92.0 93.6 96.6 Notes: Column VII. precipitable water * 44.0-39.0 mm., mean optical air mass 1.6. - iN - cs 222-2055 a ty er yah g AROS “cc IX, “cc “ 11.2-10.4 “cc e “ce “cc “cc “ ae “cc Xs “cc “ 6:2= 6.0 “ce ‘ “ “ec “cc “ 1k3! “cc DAI, “cc “cc to 3.1 “cc ‘ “ “cc “ “ 1.6. “c >GUNE “ ity 2.1 “ p “ “ “ “cc 125: * The first figure corresponds to 11.0u, the second to 8.0y. Decrease in transinission in band 9.0-10.0u due principally to ozone; decrease elswhere due principally to H.O. (continued ) SMITHSONIAN METEOROLOGICAL TABLES TABLE 146 (CONTINUED) 435 TRANSMISSION OF SOLAR RADIATION BY THE ATMOSPHERE, 5.5-22y Wave length — ———.— sas — a a a BAH BHHAS NNNNN NNNRNN so COMONDAM BWHHO WODNRAMN BWNHHO WOoNaAwm —" WwW \o 14.0 Notes: Column XIII, “ >.< iT) * The first figure corresponds to 14.0u, the second to 11.0z. Part C.—Percent transmission in the region 11.0-14.0u. XIII — So CNWORD NN WAN NONNG So COMM OMN ANNOW precipitable water * “cc “cc XIV & DNOMNAD ANHABU AANNN NaUnynN Nannwa ‘ SASS ISN 6 ON IDOI SINNO Se OR a S SOSSNYN CSOSWH WONWRTD BNE UWNNDROR DWDOHOW AANOR _ SS Qe ee) XV Me DOU1OD RNYSS So SosSN (> ooocw i100 We 24.2-22.5 mm., me 21.5-19.1 “c XVI XVII % % 89.5 92.2 91.3 94.2 90.3 92.2 86.7 90.7 88.1 92.5 88.1 92.2 87.2 91.3 87.6 88.5 76.8 87.0 86.7 90.8 85.7 91.2 89.1 89.9 85.2 91.7 86.8 88.5 84.5 87.3 79.2 80.4 63.1 70.3 78.1 83.2 Wil) 85.1 79.3 82.7 84.9 86.1 79.1 80.6 72.8 67.1 42.3 45.4 39.0 35.0 IVES 14.7 13.5 14.9 Tj 10.0 16.4 15.9 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 an optical air mass , , ? , ’ ‘ XVIII 96.6 WDOOO0O wr MADR nM O00 © \0 BonMnnur WuINst \O ‘oO SARSK FaKSRL BRASGA GSSEA : (=) Ore NIGH Ww oonNpnasNI ANONIOVD WMmnITUTDO SI mR Woon CO DO tt tt S ONKHG Decrease in transmission below about 13 due principally to H20; above 13” to COs. SMITHSONIAN METEOROLOGICAL TABLES (continued) 436 TABLE 146 (CONCLUDED) TRANSMISSION OF SOLAR RADIATION BY THE ATMOSPHERE, 5.5-22, Part D.—Average percent transmission in the region 16-19% and 16-22u.3 Wave-length Precipitable interval water Transmission Mh mm. % 16-19 10 3.3 16-19 1 14.3 16-22 1 12.6 Notes: Absorption due principally to H2O and COn:. Estimates of transmission in this region are provisional. 3 Adel, A., Journ. Opt. Soc. Amer., vol. 37, p. 769, 1947. TABLE 147 TRANSMISSION OF SOLAR RADIATION THROUGH MOIST AIR The chart indicates the atmospheric transmission of solar radiation at normal incidence to the sun and was constructed by Kimball? as follows: 1. The extra-terrestrial relative spectral intensity Jo, of sunlight was obtained from Abbot.? 2. From Rayleigh’s scattering law, Kimball computed transmission factors for dry air da, for the same wave lengths for which Jo, were given by Fowle. 3. To account for scattering of solar radiation by water vapor, Kimball used Fowle’s water-vapor scattering transmission factors dw, (see Table 145). 4. The transmission a’m for optical air mass m and precipitable water vapor w is given by : PIN (GEN he) ae Pa eae oma SS a 7m (1) where the summation is performed over the range of wave lengths in the solar spectrum. This considers only scattering and not absorption. Curves (1)-(8) (dashed lines) give values of a’m as a function of the optical air mass m. The amount of precipitable water vapor involved in the scattering is indicated on the individual curves. 5. With the aid of Fowle’s curves showing fractional absorption of solar radiation by water vapor (see Table 140), Kimball computed the effect of absorption and subtracted that from a’m to get the transmission @’m, which thus takes into account absorption by water vapor and dry air as well as molecular scattering. Curves (9)-(15) (solid lines) for am are similarly labeled with the amount of precipitable water vapor involved. The fraction of energy absorbed by water vapor is given in curve (16) as a function of the product of precipitable water vapor w and optical air mass m. 1 Kimball, H. H., Month. Weath. Rev., vol. 55, p. 167, 1927; vol. 56, p. 394, 1928; vol. 58, p. 43, 1930. 2 Abbot, C. G., Smithsonian Misc. Coll., vol. 74, No. 7, 1923. (continued) SMITHSONIAN METEOROLOGICAL TABLES TABLE 147 (CONCLUDED) TRANSMISSION OF SOLAR RADIATION THROUGH MOIST AIR Air Mass. m. (Pressure-760 cm) 10 20 30 H Curves (//10 (6) 2: for valves of uw indicated HCurves (9) to(/5) -a" for values of ww indicated Atmospheric Transmission Ress rh Wafer Vapor Absorption f4y Secon TOEnORIA HERR SRRRRRREE HEHE CACC Tree SMITHSONIAN METEOROLOGICAL TABLES 437 438 TABLE 148 SPECTRAL DISTRIBUTION OF SOLAR RADIATION AT SEA LEVEL Using Fowle’s* data for scattering of solar radiation by water vapor and by air, Moon? calculated the spectral transmission factors at sea level with 20 mm. of precipitable water vapor in the atmosphere. By comparing these with the mean values of observed trans- mission, he calculated a spectral transmission for dust. He also evaluated the extra- terrestrial solar radiation (see Table 130). By combining the extraterrestrial solar radiation with the scattering by water vapor, air, and dust, and with the absorptions by water vapor and ozone, Moon calculated the solar radiation which reaches sea level for various optical air masses (see Table 137 for corresponding solar altitudes). The data were computed for a pressure of 1 atmosphere on the basis of arbitrary average values of water vapor, dust, and ozone content. These values are: water vapor, 20 mm. precipitable water, dust, 300 particles cm.* near the ground, ozone, 2.8 mm. path length at N. T. P. The results given here have been adjusted to a solar constant of 1.94 cal. cm. min. Optical air mass Optical air mass Wits 1 2 3 4 5 length : cal. cm.-? min.-1 i oe OOO 0.29-0.40 0.059 0.029 0.015 0.008 0.004 0.40-0.70 .616 481 379 302 240 0.70-1.1 454 393 343 301 .266 e185 140 103 084 071 .060 1.5 -1.9 075 .066 .060 .056 052 1.9 -CO 019 014 O11 .010 009 Total 1.363 1.086 0.892 0.748 0.631 1¥Fowle, F. E., Smithsonian Misc. Coll., vol. 69, No. 3, 1918. 2 Moon, P., Journ. Franklin Inst., vol. 5, p. 583, 1940. 3 This assumes that 20 mm. of precipitable water vapor was representative of these observed trans- missions, which may not have been the case. Any error so introduced would be small, however. TABLE 149 TOTAL SOLAR AND SKY RADIATION ON A HORIZONTAL SURFACE DURING CLOUDLESS CONDITIONS Klein* gives equations which permit the evaluation of the total solar and sky radiation QO on a horizontal surface for a cloudless, dust-free atmosphere as a function of the atmospheric transmission obtained from Kimball’s chart (Table 147) and the solar zenith distance. Fritz” combined Klein’s equations and constructed the chart given below. The isopleths give values of Q in cal. cm.” min.” as a function of optical air mass 1p (abscissa) and precipitable water vapor zw centimeters (ordinate), when the sun is at its mean distance from the earth. To correct for the sun’s actual distance from the earth, divide the values by the square of the appropriate radius vector (Table 169). For elevated sta- tions, multiply the values given in the chart by »/1013, where p is the barometric pressure in millibars at the place of observation, Dashed lines indicate extrapolated values. indicate extrapolated values. 1 Klein, W. H., Journ. Meteorol., vol. 5, p. 119, 1948. * Fritz, S., Heating and Ventilating, vol. 46, p. 69, 1949. (continued ) SMITHSONIAN METEOROLOGICAL TABLES TABLE 149 (CONCLUDED) 439 TOTAL SOLAR AND SKY RADIATION ON A HORIZONTAL SURFACE DURING CLOUDLESS CONDITIONS a GAGGIA Faia ca altalat alesis hoc ty CHE ile ai ya AN Sa SEES Ht AE LL yt RITIGIRI AW HAAR AA MAL jc (ahh ER SAU RORCCK AXA ae RELATION BETWEEN THE VERTICAL COMPONENT OF DIRECT SOLAR N\ Snes 14 RADIATION AND TOTAL SOLAR AND SKY RADIATION ON A AIR MASS ( mm») HORIZONTAL SURFACE ea Eg ; a Ea re a ie Ey se MY AIT WN IIMA “Es PRECIPITABLE WATER VAFOR (ww) IN CM, By means of pyrheliometers Kimball * measured the vertical component of direct solar radiation and also the total solar and sky radiation on a horizontal surface for cloudless skies. Table 150 gives the ratio of the vertical component of direct solar radiation to the total radiation received on a horizontal surface as a function of the sun’s zenith distance, based on the weighted mean of measurements at Washington, D. C., Lincoln, Nebr., and Madison, Wis. Sun’s zenith distance SOOT 485°" COOP 605 70g F730 7S Ae eee Choe Ratio O84 0:84) "0:80-0:78! “0.76 “072 0:69" "O67 65. 4063 1 Kimball, H. H., Month. Weath. Rev., vol. 47, p. 769, 1919. For variation with height see Klein, W. H., Journ. Meteorol., vol. 5, p. 119, 1948. SMITHSONIAN METEOROLOGICAL TABLES 440 TABLE 151 RELATION BETWEEN AVERAGE SUNSHINE AND SOLAR RADIATION ON A HORIZONTAL SURFACE Angstrom* has suggested that an equation of the form Q/Qo—=a-+ bS would express the relation between sunshine S (expressed as a fraction of the possible number of hours) and the ratio of average radiation, Q, on a horizontal surface to the corresponding average radiation, Qo, during cloudless days, where a and b are constants. Fritz” determined average monthly values of Qo, by combining computation with an examination of the highest value of radiation recorded at several stations in the United States. These average values of Qo were combined by Fritz and MacDonald*® with observed averages of the monthly values of Q for 11 stations in the United States for each of which at least 10 years of data were available. The plot of the resulting Q/Qo against the corresponding S is given in the scatter diagram below, together with the least square linear regression equation. The correlation coefficient between S and Q/Qo is 0.88. 1Xngstrom, A., Medd. Stat. Met. Hydr. Anst., vol. 4, No. 3, 1928. 2 Fritz, S., Heating and Ventilating, vol. 46, p. 69, 1949. 8 Fritz, S., and MacDonald, T. H., Heating and Ventilating, vol. 46, p. 61, 1949. 4 The coefficients a and b have also been determined by several other investigators: a b Kimball, H. H., Month. Weath. Rev., vol. 55, p. 157, 1927........... 22 78 AMO BELOM ye en (LELELENCE HD) nycle sina ieloleisle\cisielere alelsioveyetens elelevererateiorelatere(eiaie .235 .765 Haurwitz, H., Harvard Meteorol. Studies, No. 1, 1934............-.. . 22-.30 Mossby, H., Norwegian North Polar Expedition with the Maud, 1918-25, SCientincwRestiltsssvOls La NOs (Ap LO SZieleieielcicieicieiclele)s'clclelela|lstetoyelels siefecs .54 46 RELATION BETWEEN AVERAGE SUNSHINE AND SOLAR RADIATION ON A HORIZONTAL SURFACE SMITHSONIAN METEOROLOGICAL TABLES TABLE 152 441 TRANSMISSION OF SOLAR RADIATION THROUGH GLOUDS (OVERCAST) Haurwitz* made a study of the relation between solar radiation received on a horizontal surface at the ground and the type of cloud present during overcast conditions at Blue Hill, Mass. The diagram shows the results of this investigation, giving the insolation received at the ground as a function of optical air mass for various overcast cloud types. The curve of clear-day insolation was added from an earlier paper.’ The table shows the percent of clear-day radiation received for various optical air masses and overcast cloud types. Ratio of insolation with overcast sky to insolation. with cloudless sky Cloud type Optical air mass Ci Cs Ac As Se St Ns Fog % % % % % %o % Jo 1.1 85 84 52 41 35 25 15 17 145 84 81 51 41 34 25 17 17 2.0 84 78 50 41 34 25 19 17 2.5 83 74 49 41 33 25 21 18 3.0 82 71 47 41 32 24 25 18 3.5 81 68 46 41 31 24 18 4.0 80 65 45 41 31 18 4.5 30 19 5.0 29 19 1 Haurwitz, B., Journ. Meteorol., vol. 5, p. 110, 1948. For the effect of snow see Kalitin, N. N., Strahlentherapie, vol. 39, p. 717, 1931. 2 Haurwitz, B., Journ. Meteorol., vol. 2, p. 154, 1945. This paper and Journ. Meteorol., vol. 3, p. 123, 1946, also discuss the insolation as a function of cloud amount and cloud density. TRANSMISSION OF SOLAR RADIATION THROUGH CLOUDS (OVERCAST) EEE 90 80 70 60 = 50 N 1 =" ibe = & so 20 10 re) 1.0 2.0 3.0 4.0 5.0 AIRMASS SMITHSONIAN METEOROLOGICAL TABLES 442 TABLE 153 RELATION BETWEEN ILLUMINATION AND TOTAL RADIATION In the spring and summer of 1924, Kimball* made comparisons at Washington, D. C., between the illumination on a horizontal surface as measured with a photometer and the total solar and sky radiation falling on a horizontal surface as measured with a thermo- electric pyrheliometer. Table 153 gives the illumination in foot-candles corresponding to a total solar and sky radiation of 1 calorie per square centimeter per minute as a function of the sun’s zenith distances, for cloudless skies. For overcast conditions Kimball obtained a mean value of 7440 foot-candles for each calorie per square centimeter per minute. He concludes that with cloudless skies the factor 6700 will on the average give the daylight intensity within +5 percent. With cloudy skies the factor averages higher, probably not far from 7000. Illumination equivalent of 1 calorie per square centimeter per minute Sun’s zenith distance 25 ATESo. G00° VOUOe. J0MC™ /SIGSe 751 ok ea Orie Illumination equivalent ({ft.-c.) 7000 6740 6470 6320 6260 6220 6200 6200 # £6200 1 Kimball, H. H., Month. Weath. Rev., vol. 52, p. 473, 1924. TABLE 154 ALBEDO OF VARIOUS SURFACES Table 154 presents a summary of values of the albedo of various surfaces obtained by a representative group of observers. In the column headed “Type of observation,” measure- ments of the albedo in the visible spectrum made with photometers are indicated by v, measurements of the total albedo made with pyrheliometers, pyranometers, etc., are indi- cated by ¢, measurements made from aircraft by a, and measurements made on the ground by g. Richardson * gives a theoretical discussion of the use of photometers. Descriptive terms follow the usage of the individual writers. Type of Surface observation Albedo Observer % IRE ESE ot oO OOO Rain do DOROEID CRIa OOO ocnraee GOOOU GD OC va 3-4 KH SE ATICMMELV|EL ic arch cieseies cate ssl orate Gieiainiclstombe ere Pee va 6-10 TH tilanideswatense ese cis cee ke cress oa) ones tare cians Yar ere eietorel aemerelsie va 5-10 L LOTT ee eR es, SROs CORI, RT, aN ado va 3=7 Abel Be AAS (2121 DP Sicica SRI) ORRIN PO aca Oe va 3-5 IE ‘> neat. shore solarselevationi47ceer ees « tg 4 A apne jae Sy woe 71 Oe ane SRP ah tg 6 A Sieg siailey I an ie ZO Si Raikes cere er aan tg 14 A ie pane ie eH ‘ Ais, Soo aoa oe tg 30 A Sie ibs. | ieee ‘ < e AES a aes or. t 46 A (Also see Table 155, Reflectivity of a Water Surface.) HOrest, STEEN Sasser s Ree e ree eee en one ores bis va 3-6 KH SPOR ros vet ais torneo aca alors eenve i nleleveterete nad iomeke tatoos va 4-10 TH LE aN ah een SeURIANaL | Mie ahd RUN ESEEE Chala fe lee cic va 3-5 L #05 SHOWSCOVEFEE. SHOU sce otirevarareis lant oinraneneeresrs va 10-25 KH Ground, PATE). ods atedece cverasetee. a tetareue aovovarevetelsteueReteuete olore iesie UG 10-20 IL- Lots Suny eMnye- AWWIREEE) says ctebaiere tae ae avte erorbrcraroretatate va 11 KH G Sree SSOMIE CLECSPe iene deere nettle coon ome soe va 7 KH ahs * wet, A O=B5%\. Dabeine et oaetn sce overs staat e covets clot ta 8-9 F at bee moist, 10-95 Foubare™ .cice-dsicuttre oven pauls bee ta 9-12 F Black MOld) dry sti «ae acmaletie eo oclin MIMre eee es tg 14 A pe eMC Oe steer caueitiatovetersiatete erece's velaiiale armors letsiaeie tg 8 A CSE Co ah A Raa RR IEA Re Pale a! tg 18 A 1 Richardson, L. F., U. G. G. I. Sect. d. Météor., Troisiéme Assemblée Générale, Prague, 1927. University Press, Cambridge, 1928. (continued) SMITHSONIAN METEOROLOGICAL TABLES TABLE 154 (CONCLUDED) 443 ALBEDO OF VARIOUS SURFACES Type of Surface observation Albedo Observer % Desert MOsaveliets + arise ac myasulorers Overs Arecskereheso untae fois) ais ta 24-28 M oa) ou Deaths Valley: sioccdo tact ie cook some Ge sees ta 25 M Sand wee ocho rs eee ee oe ate Rhee Se emgsee ee atlas ye afin tg 9 A Fields, dey plowed) wives DoW kn a te aint Awl wa ss va 20-25 amet p TEM eee eee eee eee eee eee tenet ees va 10-15 aver SRE dat ny NESS ie eo Ol ne ica deh ta ato deh va 3-6 KH SEMEN @At ia cchags hereby mists ica auate nals tonarae (aheverersis tel shore) Sroksnie va 7 KH MeSPecliede Acta fat hiss ue kok Tk etnion ciel iaals va 5-10 I GEASS ALY Ree Mee et rae ke ree REE eee cee a va 15-25 TH SONG ash) Gry rest eae a ee fl eh eee Tae ee a wee tg 31-33 A MONT y MAO CS TIT hs Le NTE BE Ie Se tg 19-22 K ates high PreShiis tee he Lets Rese eice had tg 26 A sid: Wie bie ele etsrcreuie paficralereie to nerdrcesine vamey Mevaponciaya ois tg 22 A adh! TRC LTO pSU Mager oats vonsnarshecacSicnant fysnavareiGysh aus ioneit pa concuel tg 14-26 K LH NEP WAS OTT RGR a ERS ARIES SID a NCR SN tO EEN tg 33-37 K Snoweeiresit cc got es ae ee etise terse tee tite cen eens tg 81 A “, several days old, white, smooth................ tg 70 A fresh) (highest value) ith Peddie eek io. fe ta 87 K Pion olds (lowest wale) skeet Sar. cee ictee obi ee cok ty 46 K ‘rh ite shield % << ite astern af ompe wiles eb: 406s ait va 70-86 KH PGES SPALSENSIOW? COVED. ciate ea iaite ooh Sinha eho ss she Naveen ta 69 M Clouds, stratus overcast, 05500 tectithiclke.. .... P0he a. ee ta 5-63 N ; 00-1,000 feet thick.......... ta 31-75 N aes cil 000-2, 000 feet thick......... ta 59-84 N mma denSEX OPAQUe® i ccontece scsi ealee ROE Eee va 55-78 L bats BONeALlY HOPAQUE! ris tsi iecigcis losin tare eae va 44 It, SOMMMPREL ETI TIN Vest Pa tats nate win ahetetere ais. ark Panetta dave aoe aero va 36-40 IL; eer astratus OU0—1-600 teet thick. --aeeenincee eae e ta 78 Al ae: stratocumulus overcast .....++.+.+0..00css ee ee ta 56-81 F mealtosthattisnOoccasionaluipLeaksmmaeae cee eines ta 17-36 F SPE tOStLattiSHOVELCASt em ane ciate ion oo eet ae ta 39-59 F “ , Cirrostratus and altostratus overcast........... ta 49-64 F Mn CILLOStEAttisy OVECASt 1a -mi- nicl nceinite ie cere eae ta 44-50 F Whole earth: From measurements on the bright and dark portions of the moon, Danjon Observers: (reference D) has calculated the albedo of the earth in the visible portion of the spectrum at 39 percent. Fritz (reference F) has extended the cal- culation to include infrared and ultraviolet radiation, obtaining a total albedo of the earth of 35 percent. Baur and Philipps (reference B) have calculated the total albedo to be 41.5 percent. A—Angstrém, A., Geograf. Ann., vol. 7, p. 321, 1925. Al—Aldrich, L. B., Smithsonian Misc. Coll., vol. 69, No. 10, 1919. B—Baur, F., and Philipps, H., Gerl. Beitr. Geophys., vol. 42, p. 160. D—Danjon, A., Ann. Obs. Strasbourg 3, No. 3, p. 139, 1936. F—Fritz, S., Bull. Amer. Meteorol. Soc., vol. 29, p. 303, 1948; vol. 31, p. 251, 1950; Journ. Meteorol., vol. 6, p. 277, 1949. K—Kalitin, N. N., Month. Weath. Rev., vol. 58, p. 59, 1930. ie alt H. H., and Hand, I. F., Month. Weath. Rev., vol. 58, p. 280, L—Luckiesh, M., Astrophys. Journ., vol. 49, p. 108, 1919. M—MacDonald, T. H., private communication, 1949. N—Neiburger, M., U. C. L. A., Dep. of Meteorol., Papers in Meteorol., No. 9, 1948; also Journ. Meteorol., vol. 6, p. 98, 1949. Ip yes gue: R., and Hulburt, E. O., Journ. Opt. Soc. Amer., vol. 37, p. 78, SMITHSONIAN METEOROLOGICAL TABLES 444 TABLE 155 REFLECTIVITY OF A WATER SURFACE The reflectivity of a plane water surface for unpolarized light is a function of the angle of incidence of the light and the index of refraction of the water and may be computed from the reflection law of Fresnel jeer se (i—r) , tan? raat 2 Lsin*?(i+r) tan’? (4+7) where R=reflectivity, 1=angle of incidence, r =angle of refraction, i and r are related to the index of refraction » of the water by »=sin 1/sin r. Although the values given are valid only for a plane undisturbed water surface, Angstrom” states: a . it is evident that the observed reflection from disturbed water-surfaces only shows small deviations from the values which are to be expected from the Fresnel formula. .... Some investigations which I have carried out on artificially disturbed surfaces seem to indicate that the deviation from the Fresnel formula is positive for slight dis- turbances of the surface, but negative when the amplitude gets large compared with the wave-length of the water waves. The measurements give strong support to the view that in the average case in geophysical discussions we may base computations of the reflection, absorption, and emission power of water-surfaces on the validity of the Fresnel formula.” Values in Table 155 are computed on the assumption that n = 1.333, the value of the index of refraction for pure water. The value for sea water is slightly larger, about 1.3398 for sea water of salinity 35%o, but the difference is negligible. In considering direct solar radiation, the angle of incidence i= sun’s zenith distance. i 0° OR ZOE SOP) 402) PSO Smee 70° 80° 85° 90° R(%) 2.0 2.0 Dali 2.1 2:5 3.4 6.0 13.4 34.8 58.4 100.0 1 Angstrom, A., Geograf. Ann., vol. 7, p. 323, 1925. SMITHSONIAN METEOROLOGICAL TABLES TABLE 156 445 ABSORPTION OF RADIATION BY PURE LIQUID WATER The decrease in intensity of a parallel beam of radiation of wave length A (ie. of a small wave-length interval in the neighborhood of \) in the direction of the beam by passing through a slab of pure water of thickness x is expressed by i inneae xe where J», is the intensity of the beam entering the slab and J, the intensity after passing through the slab. ka is called the absorption coefficient. The termabsorption refers here to the depletion of energy both by absorption and scattering. There is disagreement among various investigators as to the values of ky for pure water. The values presented here are those summarized by Dietrich’ from the following sources: 0.310 to 0.650, W. R. Sawyer, Contr. Canadian Biol. Fish., vol. 7, p. 73, 1931. 0.700 to 2.650, J. R. Collins, Phys. Rev., vol. 26, p. 277, 1925. Dietrich also indicates the results of other investigators. The temperature dependence of the absorption produces an increase of about 0.5 percent in ky for every 1 °C. rise in temperature in certain portions of the infrared near 0.73,, but over a large portion of the spectrum is much smaller. The values ascribed to Collins have been interpolated by Dietrich for 18 °C. He also notes that the effect on the absorption coefficient of the presence of dissolved salts in the concentrations found in sea water has been found to be negligible. 1 Dietrich, G., Ann. d. Hydrogr. u. Mar. Meteorol., vol. 67, pp. 411-17, 1939. ABSORPTION OF RADIATION BY PURE LIQUID WATER Wave Absorption Wave Absorption Wave Absorption Wave Absorption length coefficient length coefficient length coefficient length coefficient “ em.-1 Lb em,-1 Lb cm,-1 L cm.-1 0.310 0.0084 0.650 0.0021 1.100 0.203 1.700 U3 0.320 0.0058 1.1125 0.253 1725 8.4 0.330 0.00461 0.700 0.0084 1125 0.359 1.750 10.1 0.340 0.00382 0.7125 0.0128 1.1375 0.572 1.775 12 0.350 0.00333 0.725 0.0166 1.150 0.848 0.360 0.00281 0.7375 0.0260 1.1625 1.070 1.800 17 0.370 0.00200 0.750 0.0272 1175 1.198 1.825 27 0.380 0.00148 0.7625 0.0286 1.1875 1.226 1.850 41 0.390 0.00099 0.775 0.0277 1.875 57 0.7875 0.0262 1.200 1.232 0.400 0.00072 2125 1.232 1.900 73 0.410 0.00050 0.800 0.0240 1.225 1.210 1.925 91 0.420 0.00041 0.8125 0.0238 1.2375 1.173 1.950 106 0.439 0.00030 0.825 0.0271 1.250 153 1.975 102 0.440 0.00023 0.8375 0.0365 1.2625 1133 0.450 0.00018 0.850 0.0412 1275 1.168 2.000 85 0.460 0.00015 0.8625 0.0449 1.2875 1.20 2.025 72 0.470 0.00015 0.875 0.0495 2.050 60 0.480 0.00015 0.8875 0.0546 1.300 1.50 2.075 48 0.490 0.00015 1.325 2.18 0.900 0.0655 1.350 3.86 2.100 39 0.500 0.00016 0.9125 0.0824 1.375 8.5 2.150 25 0.510 0.00017 0.925 0.111 2.200 74\ 0.520 0.00019 0.9375 0.182 1.400 16.0 2.250 21 0.530 0.00021 0.950 0.288 1.425 26.9 2.300 24 0.540 0.00024 0.9625 0.406 1.450 28.9 2.350 31 0.550 0.00027 0.975 0.454 1.475 24.5 0.560 0.00030 0.9875 0.444 2.400 42 0.570 0.00038 1.500 19.4 2.450 60 0.580 0.00055 1.000 0.397 1.525 15.4 2.500 85 0.590 0.00085 1.0125 0.339 1.550 12.0 2.550 100 1.025 0.275 1.575 9.4 2.600 100 0.600 0.00125 1.0375 0.217 2.650 121 0.610 0.00160 1.050 0.177 1.600 8.0 0.620 0.00178 1.0625 0.154 1.625 7.5 0.630 0.00181 1.075 0.153 1.650 UP 0.640 0.0020 1.0875 0.174 1.675 7.1 SMITHSONIAN METEOROLOGICAL TABLES 446 TABLE 157 ABSORPTION OF RADIATION BY SEA WATER Utterback* has made observations of the extinction coefficient of typical oceanic waters, defined in the same manner as the absorption coefficient k of Table 142. Sverdrup, John- son, and Fleming” have summarized Utterback’s observations as follows: He has made numerous observations in the shallow waters near islands in the inner part of Juan de Fuca Strait and at four stations in the open oceanic waters off the coast of Washington, and these can be considered typical of coastal and oceanic water, respec- tively. Table 157 contains the absorption coefficients of pure water at the wave lengths used by Utterback, the minimum, average, and maximum average, and maximum coefh- cients observed in oceanic water, and the minimum, average, and maximum coefficients observed in coastal water. The minimum and maximum coefficients have all been com- puted from the four lowest and the four highest values in each group. Type of water Wave length *—p 0.46 048 AV OST S053" 10/5659 FOG0 0.66 cm,.-1 em.-1 em.-1 cms em. cm.-1 em. Pure water (from Table 156) 00015 .00015 .00018 .00021 .00033 .00125 .00280 lowest .00038 .00026 .00035 .00038 .00074 .00199 Oceanic waters average .00086 .00076 .00078 .00084 .00108 .00272 highest 00160 .00154 .00143 .00140 .00167 .00333 lowest .00224 .00230 .00192 .00169 00375 .00477 Coastal water average .00362 .00334 .00276 .00269 .00437 .00623 highest 00510 .00454 .00398 .00348 00489 .00760 * It should be understood that the wave length actually stands for a spectral band of finite width. — 1 Utterback, C. L., Cons. Perm. Intern. 1’Explor. de la Mer, Rapp. et Proc.-Verb., vol. 101, pt. 2, No. 4, 15 pp., 1936. 2 Sverdrup, H. U., Johnson, M. W., and Fleming, R. H., The oceans, p. 84, copyright 1942 by Prentice-Hall, Inc., New York. TABLE 158 SCATTERING AREA COEFFICIENTS FOR WATER DROPS IN AIR Table 158 gives values of the scattering area coefficient Ks as a function of the parameter a = 2mnr/X, where r is the radius of the scattering particle (sphere) and A the wave length of the incident light in the medium surrounding the sphere. All data and the following discussion are from the work of Houghton and Chalker.* The scattering area coefficient K, is a measure of the total light scattered by the sphere regardless of the state of polarization of the incident light. (The angular distribution of the scattered light, which is not considered here, is dependent on the polarization of the incident light.) The total light scattered by a number of spheres is equal to the sum of the portions scattered by the individual spheres so long as the spheres are far enough apart to insure that the scattering is incoherent. This requires a mean particle spacing large compared to the wave length. This condition is met by all natural aerosols and by all stable aerosols. The scattering area coefficient is most useful in determining the trans- mission of a parallel beam of light through an aerosol or other colloid. The values com- puted here are for nonabsorbing spheres of index of refraction 4/3 as compared to the index of refraction of the medium. These conditions were selected specifically for the case of water drops in air and for the spectral interval within which the index of water is substantially 4/3 and the absorption is negligible (roughly from the near ultraviolet to the very near infrared). The transmission of a parallel beam through such an aerosol is given by: Tranmission = E/Ey = e72tnrK ,Z (1) where F> is the flux density of the incident parallel beam, E is the flux density of the parallel beam after passing a distance Z through the aerosol, m is the number of spheres of radius r per unit volume of the medium and K, is the appropriate scattering area co- efficient. The summation is taken over all sizes of spheres present. Equation (1) holds for a single wave length. If the incident beam is not monochromatic, equation (1) must be integrated over the spectral interval involved. The computations for Table 158 are based on the equations developed by Mie? from Maxwell’s electromagnetic theory; for a concise theoretical treatment see Stratton.* The 1 Houghton, H. G., and Chalker, W. R., Journ. Opt. Soc. Amer., vol. 39, p. 955, 1949. 2 Mie, G., Ann. Phys., vol. 25, p. 277, 1908. 3 Stratton, J. A., Electromagnetic theory, p. 563, McGraw-Hill Book Co., N. Y., 1941. (continued) SMITHSONIAN METEOROLOGICAL TABLES TABLE 158 (CONTINUED) 447 SCATTERING AREA COEFFICIENTS FOR WATER DROPS IN AIR data presented for a=6.0 were computed by the National Bureau of Standards,* the remaining data were computed by Houghton and Chalker and constitute a revision of an earlier work by Stratton and Houghton.° Houghton and Chalker have fitted a smoothed curve of the type suggested by Van de Hulst ° to the computed points and then extended it somewhat. This curve is given below. 4 Nat. Bur. Stand., Tables of scattering functions for spherical particles, Appl. Math. ser. 4, 1949. 5 Stratton, J. A., and Houghton, H. G., Phys. Rev., vol. 38, p. 159, 1931, 6 Van de Hulst, H. C., Dissertation, Utrecht, 1946. SCATTERING AREA COEFFICIENTS FOR WATER DROPS IN AIR a K, a IS a K, a KS 0.5 0.00676 8.0 3.282 2525 le AZo 17.0 2.632 0.6 0.0138 9.0 2.738 12.250 1.892 17125, 27404 1.0 0.0938 9.5 2.394 1293 33ee L936 17.25 2.822 12 0.171 10.0 2152 12.5 1.938 17.375 2.820 1.5 0.322 10.25 2.052 12.6 1.822 W725 2.738 1.8 0.522 10.5 1.886 12.75 1.850 18.0 2.598 2.0 0.710 10.625 1.918 13.0 2.012 18.5 2.432 2.4 1.126 10.75 1.930 13.5 2.192 19.0 2.218 25 1.212 10.875 1.832 14.0 2.474 19.25 2.090 3.0 1.754 11.0 1.740 14.5 2.528 19.5 1.998 3.6 2.376 wet25 1.728 15.0 2.744 19.75 1.976 4.0 2.826 11.333 1.734 15.5 2.740 20.0 2.092 4.8 3.490 11.4 1.768. 16.0 2.870 20.25 2.180 5.0 3.592 IES 1.858 16.25 2.872 20.5 2.078 6.0 3.888 11.75 1.758 16.5 2.850 21.0 1.834 7.0 3.722 12.0 1.670 16.75 2.810 22.0 1.922 24.0 2.438 40 es uw o 3.0 tr WW Oo (o) — uJ [ia < 107 lumens/km? Io = 30 candles D=5.0 km. To find: o. From Table 160-Cl, we find (loge Io — loge E) = 5.011. Referring to Table 160-C2, which gives (oD + 2logeD), and running along the line for D=5.0 km., we find by interpolation for o that the tabular value 5.011 occurs when o¢ = 0.358, which is the required result. Given: Assuming e=0.02, the daytime visual range of a black object viewed against the horizon sky is V3 = 3.2 km. To find: o; then, to find D or a light observed at night for this value of o under the condition that E=1 lumen/km? and J, = 100 candles. From Table 160-B1, we find o = 1.222 km.~ corresponding to V2 = 3.2 km. From Table 160-Cl, (loge Jo — log. E) = 4.605. Referring to Table 160-C2, with this tabular value 4.605 = (¢ D+ 2log.D) in accord with equation (12), and o = 1.222 km.~, we find by double interpolation that D = 2.36 km. (continued ) SMITHSONIAN METEOROLOGICAL TABLES TABLE 160 (CONTINUED) 457 HORIZONTAL VISIBILITY TasLe 160-Al.—Transmissivity as a function of extinction coefficient cues nsen he) 1001 Ol” oa” os) mea t05e" "06 & Moz)! wig mo 0000 *9900 *9802 *9704 *9608 *9512 *9418 *9324 *9231 *9139 9048 8958 8869 8781 8694 8607 8521 8437 8353 8270 8187 8106 8025 7945 7866 7788 7711 7634 7558 7483 7408 7334 7261 7189 7118 7047 6977 6907 6839 6771 6703 6636 6570 6505 6440 6376 6313 6250 6188 6126 6065 6005 5945 5886 5827 5770 5712 5655 5599 5543 5488 5434 5379 5326 5273 5220 5169 5117 5066 5016 4966 4916 4868 4819 4771 4724 4677 4630 4584 4538 4493 4449 4404 4360 4317 4274 4232 4190 4148 4107 4066 4025 3985 3946 3906 3867 3829 3791 3753 3716 3679 3642 §=©3606 §=693570 §=3535 «3863499 )§=— 3465 = 3430 )3=— 3396) 3362 3329 3296 §=- 3268) © 3230... 3198 5.3166 }=~=- 3135. 3104= 3073 8042 301Z 2982 2952. « 2923. 2894 55,2865 2837," 2808. 2780. 2753 2/29 2098 2671, 2645... 2618) 2592 .. 2567; 42541 2516 2491 2466 2441 2417 2393 2369 2346 2322 2299 2276 2254 22a .2209, 218% e 2165 2144502122... 210159208054, 2060 +2059 2019 1999 1979 1959 1940 1920 1901 1882 1864 1845 182% 71800 | TAO 1773), 1755 Gad 738 , 17206 1703), 1686. 4670 1653 91637 1620): 1604 1588401572 US57 2 1540 1526 “St 1496 1481 1466 1451 1437 1423 1409 1395 1381 1367 1353 1340 132 %e 1313. 1300S 1287 2127501262 249) 1237, 1225 “1212, 1200.9 1188 177 pe 1165 | 153.1142 4030 pad 19 1108 1097 1086 1075 1065 1054 1044 1033 1023 1013 1003 *9926 ¥*9827 *9730 *9633 ¥*9537 *9442 ¥*9348 ¥*9255 *9163 9072 8982 8892 8804 8716 8629 8544 8458 8374 8291 8208 8127 8046 7966 7887 7808 7730 7654 7577 7502 7427 7354 = 7280S 7208S 7136S 7065) 6995. 6925 6856 = 6788 6721 6654 6588 6522 6457 6393 6329 6266 6204 6142 6081 6020 5961 5901 5843 5784 5727 5670 5614 5558 5502 5448 5393 5340 5287 5234 5182 5130 5079 5029 4979 4929 4880 4832 4784 4736 4689 4642 4596 4550 4505 4460 4416 4372 4328 4285 4243 4200 4159 4117 4076 4036 3996, 3956 3916 » 3877 3839: 3801 3763 3725 3688 3652 3615 3579 3544 3508 3474 3439 3405 3371 3337 3304 3271 3239 3206 3175 3143 3112 3081 3050 3020 2990 2960 2930 2901 2872 2844 2816 2788 2760 2/32; 2705 2678 © 2652... 52625 7) 2599 + 2573.;0 25485) 2522 (2497 2328 2305 2282 2260 2237- 2215 2193 2171. 2149. 2128 2107 2086. 2065 2044 2024 2004 1984 1964 1945 1926 1906 1887 1869 1850 1832 1813 1795 1777 1760 1742 1725 1708 1691 1674 1657. 1641 1624 1608 1592 1576 1561 1545 1530 1515 1500 1485 1470 1455 1441 1426 1412 1398 1384 1370 W545; 1343 1330,¢ 1317.-}1304¢5 1291 1278495 12650; 1252 A240 1228 1216 1203 1191 1180. 1168 1156" 1145. 1133 1122 1111 1100 1089 1078 1067 1057 1046 1036 1026 1015 1005 *9952 *9853 *9755 *9658 *9562 *9466 %*9372 *9279 %*9187 9095 9005 8915 8826 8739 8652 8566 8480 8396 8312 8230 8148 8067 7987 7907 7828 7750 7673 7597 7521 7447, 7372) 7299' 7227) 7155. 7083'S 7013'S 6943» 6874 =: 6806 6539 6474 6409 6346 6282 6220 6158 (continued) Go ecoSocooD SC9999 Se9o900 S9e0990 SeS99 9S29999 S999S92 SSeeesf SSeesef Ser r RQBSeQ@oo SSOSDS SOSOSSD SSOOSSD SOSOS5 O&O I) > “NI NS) N [oe] ie) _ DO oO i) Ww No) Ne) i) w “I wn i) Ww on ne) nm PPAHAHR PPPAPR WWWWH WWWWW NNNNDN NNDNNN Pere rrtrtersre SOSSD SDSOO°SfD SD COND BWNHHEO OBNDAN BWNHHO OMNDAN BWHEO OMNDAMN BODHHO COMANANU BWHHO or g w& ee) [oa OV “NI —s fo, ON oO on SMITHSONIAN METEOROLOGICAL TABLES 458 TABLE 160 (CONTINUED) HORIZONTAL VISIBILITY TABLE 160-A1l.—Transmissivity as a function of extinction coefficient Extinction T=e° ae 0) ale fae eS eed eeSe LEG ts Na a oh ans m.-1 5.0 0.02), 16738" 216097 S517" 4992" 4517 4087" 93698" 13346 §3028" 2739 6.0 0:0277092479 224302029 S Sone L662. SalS03e cel 500) 291231) S14 e008 7.0 010% WISETO We8251h 746676755" 26113) 55310 5005 44528) 94097 8707 8.0 OO S355 COSS e747 e248 ome 2249) 22035) SeS4l 6o6) 1507 i also4 9.0 0.0° 1234 1117 1010 *9142 *8272 *7485 *6773 *6128 *5545 *5017 10.0 0.0 4540 Extinction Extinction Extinction coefficient coefficient coefficient ee e-7 in, po eo km.-1 ee 1 (— 1). 3.679 4] (—18) 1.563 81 (— 36) 6.640 Z (— 1) 1.353 42 (—19) 5.750 82 (— 36) 2.443 3) (— 2) 4.979 43 (—19) 2.115 83 (— 37) 8.986 4 (— 2) 1.832 44 (—20) 7.781 84 (— 37) 3.306 5 (— 3) 6.738 45 (—20) 2.863 85 (— 37) 1.216 6 (— 3) 2.479 46 (—20) 1.053 86 (— 38) 4.474 7 (— 4) 9.119 47 (—21) 3.874 87 (— 38) 1.646 8 (— 4) 3.355 48 (—21) 1.425 88 (— 39) 6.055 9 (— 4) 1.234 49 (—22) 5.243 89 (— 39) 2.227 10 (— 5) 4.540 50 (—22) 1.929 90 (— 40) 8.194 sat (— 5) 1.670 51 (—23) 7.095 91 (— 40) 3.014 12 (— 6) 6.144 52 (—23) 2.610 92 (— 40) 1.109 13 (— 6) 2.260 53 (—24) 9.603 93 (— 41) 4.080 14 (— 7) 8.315 54 (—24) 3.533 94 (— 41) 1.501 15 (— 7) 3.059 55 (—24) 1.300 95 (— 42) 5.521 16 (— 7) 1.125 56 (—25) 4.781 6 (— 42) 2.031 17 (— 8) 4.140 57 (—25) 1.759 97 (— 43) 7.472 18 (— 8) 1.523 58 (—26) 6.470 98 (— 43) 2.749 19 (— 9) 5.603 59 (—26) 2.380 99 (— 43) 1.011 20 (— 9) 2.061 60 (—27) 8.757 100 (— 44) 3.720 21 (—10) 7.583 61 (—27) 3.221 22 (—10) 2.789 62 (—27) 1.185 23 (—10) 1.026 63 (—28) 4.360 24 (—11) 3.775 64 (—28) 1.604 25 (—11) 1.389 65 (—29) 5.900 26 (—12) 5.109 66 (—29) 2.171 100 (— 44) 3.720 27 (—12) 1.880 67 (—30) 7.985 200 (— 87) 1.384 28 (—13) 6.914 68 (—30) 2.937 300 (—131) 5.148 29 (—13) 2.544 69 (—30) 1.081 400 (—174) 1.915 30 (—14) 9.358 70 (—31) 3.975 500 (—218) 7.125 31 (—14) 3.442 71 (—31) 1.462 600 (—261) 2.650 32 (—14) 1.266 72 (—32) 5.380 700 (—305) 9.860 £8} (—15) 4.659 73 (—32) 1.979 800 (—348) 3.668 34 (—15) 1.714 74 (—33) 7.281 900 (—391) 1.364 35 (—16) 6.305 75 (—33) 2.679 1000 (—435) 5.076 36 (—16) 2.320 76 (—34) 9.854 37 (—17) 8.533 77 (—34) 3.625 38 (—17) 3.139 78 (—34) 1.334 39 (= 17))ert55 79 (—35) 4.906 40 (—18) 4.248 80 (—35) 1.805 Note.—The numbers in parentheses indicate the power of 10 by which the tabulated values are to be multiplied. (continued) SMITHSONIAN METEOROLOGICAL TASLES TABLE 160 (CONTINUED) HORIZONTAL VISIBILITY TasLe 160-A2—Extinction coefficient as a function of transmissivity o = — loge T = — loge 10” Transmissivity N mt 2 3 4 5 ab km.-1 km,.-1 km.-1 km.-1 km.-1 IN 107° 23.0259 22.3327 21.9272 21.6396 21.4164 Nx 105° 20.7233 20.0301 19.6247 19.3370 19.1138 N X 10° 18.4207 17.7275 17.3221 17.0344 16.8112 N X< 107 16.1181 15.4249 15.0195 14.7318 14.5087 N x 10° 13.8155 13.1224 12.7169 12.4292 12.2061 NES 105 11.5129 10.8198 10.4143 10.1266 9.9035 N x 10% 9.2103 8.5172 8.1117 7.8241 7.6009 N x 10° 6.9078 6.2146 5.8091 5.5215 5.2983 IN-x< 10% 4.6052 3.9120 3.5066 3.2189 2.9957 INE 10% 2.3026 1.6094 1.2040 0.9163 0.6931 Transmissivity 00” pu 201 2-7 oGROS 04) ELOAEE | S05 ab km.-1 km.-1 km.-1 km.-1 km.-1 km.-1 0.0 +00 4.6052 3.9120 3.5066 3.2189 2.9957 0.1 2.3026 2.2073 2.1203 2.0402 1.9661 1.8971 0.2 1.6094 1.5606 1.5141 1.4697 1.4271 1.3863 0.3 1.2040 1.1712 1.1394 1.1087 1.0788 1.0498 0.4 0.9163 0.8916 0.8675 0.8440 0.8210 0.7985 0.5 0.6931 0.6733 0.6539 0.6349 0.6162 0.5978 0.6 0.5108 0.4943 0.4780 0.4620 0.4463 0.4308 0.7 0.3567 0.3425 0.3285 0.3147 0.3011 0.2877 0.8 0.2231 0.2107 0.1985 0.1863 0.1744 0.1625 0.9 0.1054 0.0943 0.0834 0.0726 0.0619 0.0513 1.0 0.0000 P 0 10 20 30 40 50 km.-1 km.- km.-1 km.-1 km.-1 km.-1 —400 921.034 944.060 967.086 990.112 —300 690.776 713.801 736.827 759.853 782.879 805.905 —200 460.517 483.543 506.569 529.595 552.620 575.646 —100 230.259 253.284 276.310 299.336 322.362 345.388 P 0 1 2 3 4 5 km.-1 km.-1 km.- km.-1 km.-1 km.-1 —100 230.259 232.561 234.864 237.166 239.469 241.771 — 90 207.233 209.535 211.838 214.140 216.443 218.746 — 80 184.207 186.509 188.812 191.115 193.417 195.720 — 70 161.181 163.484 165.786 168.089 170.391 172.694 — 60 138.155 140.458 142.760 145.063 147.365 149.668 — 50 115.129 117.432 119.734 122.037 124.340 126.642 — 40 92.103 94.406 96.709 99.011 101.314 103.616 — 30 69.078 71.380 73.683 75.985 78.288 80.590 — 20 46.052 48.354 50.657 52.959 55.262 57.565 — 10 23.026 25.328 27.631 29.934 32.236 34.539 — 0 0.000 2.303 4.605 6.908 9210) 3 SMITHSONIAN METEOROLOGICAL TABLES (continued) 6 km.-? 21.2341 18.9315 16.6289 14.3263 12.0238 9.7212 7.4186 5.1160 2.8134 0.5108 .06 km.-1 2.8134 1.8326 1.3471 1.0217 0.7765 0.5798 0.4155 0.2744 0.1508 0.0408 60 km.-1 828.931 598.672 368.414 6 km.-1 244.074 221.048 198.022 174.996 151.971 128.945 105.919 82.893 59.867 36.841 13.816 7 km.-1? 21.0799 18.7774 16.4748 14.1722 11.8696 9.5670 7.2644 4.9618 2.6593 0.3567 07 km.-1 2.6593 1.7720 1.3093 0.9943 0.7550 0.5621 0.4005 0.2614 0.1393 0.0305 70 km.-1 851.956 621.698 391.439 7 km.-1 246.377 HES ON 200.325 177.299 154.273 131.247 108.221 85.196 62.170 39.144 16.118 8 km.-1 20.9464 18.6438 16.3412 14.0387 11.7361 9.4335 7.1309 4.8283 2.9297 0.2231 .08 km.-1 2257, 1.7148 1.2730 0.9676 0.7340 0.5447 0.3857 0.2485 0.1278 0.0202 80 km.-1 874.982 644.724 414.465 8 km.-1 248.679 225.653 202.627 179.602 156.576 133.550 110.524 87.498 64.472 41.447 18.421 9 km.-1 20.8286 18.5260 16.2235 13.9209 11.6183 9.3157 7.0131 4.7105 2.4079 0.1054 .09 km.-1 2.4079 1.6607 1.2379 0.9416 0.7133 0.5276 0.3711 0.2357 0.1165 0.0101 90 km.-1 898.008 667.750 437.491 9 km.-1 250.982 227.956 204.930 181.904 158.878 135.853 112.827 89.801 66.775 43.749 20.723 460 TABLE 160 (CONTINUED) HORIZONTAL VISIBILITY TABLE 160-B1.—Extinction coefficient as a function of visual range of black objects viewed against horizon sky in daytime where threshold of luminance contrast, ¢, is 0.02 pig im we Visual 0,000 0.001 0.002 0.003 0.004 += 0.005 0.006 = «0.007 (0.008 ~—(0.009 Ne km,-1 km.-? km.-1 km.-1 km.-1 km.-1 km.-} km.-1 km.-1 km.-? 0.00 ; . 978.0 782.4 «652.0 5589 489.0 434.7 0.01 S92”) 35516, OS26.0 >" P00 ON 279 48 2608 2 2A4 oe cous! ZA7 Sa ae 5.9 0.02 19516 + 1e6se 7 eet Az 163.0 156.5 150.5 144.9 USO, 134.9 0.03 ESOAS > 12612 "12272 118.5 115.1 111.8 108.7 105.7 102.9 100.3 0.04 97.80 95.41 93.14. 9098. 88.91 86.93, .. 85.04... 83.23. ., 81.50), 1.79184 0.05 7824 (671) 75:25, Tse) 72.44 71:13" = 69:86" “68:63-> 67.45, >) 66031 0.06 65:20 64:13") 63. 10he G200F G1i2s: (GU.ISie 299.27 58.39 57.53 56.70 0.07 bee9)' SOO” S4.d0, sale 52.86 52.16 51.47 50.81 50.15, 5-49.52 0.08 48.90 48.30 47.71 4713 4657 46.02 4549 44.97 44.45 43.96 0.09 43:47 42:99 42:52 4206 | 41.62, 94118 (40:75, 40:33 539:92s55 39:52 0.10 S912) 38:73, (38:35 734-98.) 37.62 743720 736-91 36.50 ~=360.22 9" 35.65 0.11 35156 35:24 34193 34162 ° 34:32 ~ "3402 33.72" 13344-3315" S287 0.12 32160) 32:33 (32.07) 3180 31.55 31.30. 31:05. 3080 Jse30:S6 ses 303e 0.13 30.09 29.86 29.64 29.41 2919 “2898 “28:76 2 28:55 | ss20.c0 man 20.0 0.14 27:94) 2794 27355> 27.36. 27.17 “26.98 9826.79» 26:61 “726.45 5026.24 0.15 26:08, ‘2591 (25:74) '25:57 25:40 25.24 .1°25.08 992402 M2476) nares00 0.16 2445, (24:30 2445. (2400 23.85 23.71 23:57 >) 2343 25:29 | 23-05 0.17 23.01, ‘22.88! ° 22:74) 2Z.61 22:48 \' 22.35 1 122:23.) 2210 “e2ROSe, 21. Some 2L73)) 2061 20.49) 2038) 2026 0 2015)" 2003s 20.02 eedren 20.70 | 20:59" 20:48’ 20:37) 20:27 ) 72016 20:06 19.96 19.86 19.76 19.66 19.56 19.46 19.37 1927) /19N8 19.08 18.99 18.90 18.81 18.72 18.63 18.54 18.45 18.37 18.28 18.20 18.11 18.03 17.94 17.86 W778. 1770) TH62 17.54 17.46 17:39 £7.31 17.23 17.16 17.08 17.01 16.94 16.86 16.79 16.72 16.65 16.58 16.51 16.44 16.37 16:30)" 6:25) 16.87 16.10 16.03 15.97 15.90 15.84 15.77 15.71 15:65.) 15:59). 15:52 15.46. > 15.40) 215.34 ) 15.28... 15.22) 516s 151g ‘ : i A 14.82 14.76 1471 14.65 14.60 14.54 1449 1444 1438 14.33 14.28 14.23 14.17 14.12 14.07 14.02 13.97. 13°92 13.87 13.82. 1377 13:73 13.68 13.63 13.58 13.54 13.49 13.44 13.40 13.35 13.31 13:26) (13.22 COUSI7 MLOISTS~ GFS08 13.04 13.00 12.95 12.91 12.87 12.83 12.78 12:74 \'e1270 12:66 12.62 12.58 12.54 12.50 12.46 12.42 12.38 12.34 12:30 tZ26 12:22. 1219)" “1Z:15 1211 12.07 12.04 12.00 11.96 11.93 11.89 11:85) 182, 11-78 11.75 11.71 11.68 11.64 11.61 11.57 11.54 PESY. 147) = 11.44 11.41 11.37 11.34 11.31 11.27 11.24%) H2k LUIS Witot lu W108 11.05 11.02 10.99' >) 10:96) > «10:93 po, 10:96 10.87 10.84 10.81 10.78 10.75 10.72 10.69 10.66 10.63 10.60 ; : k 10.46 10.43 10.40 10.38 10.35 10.32 10.29 10.27; 1024 10.21 1019; O16 10.13 10.11 10.08 10.06 10.03 10.01 9.980 9.954 9.929 9.904 9.879 9.854 9.829 9.805 (continued) ee cosos ScSeo99 SSeSs9 SsSSSefo SS tw wwe waowww NNNHH NHHNHDY RSBRS WONAMm BWHKO WO — on fo) un — _ Ne) No) — _ io Oo — is oo N WW WW WOoONTOU — o ou N rr oO wm > —y So on LSS) — fo) aS \o SMITHSONIAN METEOROLOGICAL TABLES TABLE 160 (CONTINUED) 461 HORIZONTAL VISIBILITY TABLE 160-B1.—Extinction coefficient as a function of visual range of black objects viewed against horizon sky in daytime where threshold of luminance contrast, e, is 0.02 __ 3.912 vis vet = 000” OI 02” 003 e005 0e, 007 0.08’ = 0.09 km. km? km? km?) komt km? mt km km? km ts ket 0.40 9.780 9.541 9.314 9.098 8891 8.693 8504 8.323 8.150 7.984 0.50 7.824 7.671 7.523 7.381 7.244 7.113 6986 6863 6745 6.631 0.60 65520) 6413 “6310! 96.210" 612)" G.O1S) 7 5:927 5.839 5.753 5.670 0.70 Be5eg! S10) MSs. t5t359 Siz8e “Si2te 75147 S081) 5.085. 4,952 0.80 4890 4.830 4.771 4.713 4.657 4.602 4549 4497 4445 4.396 0.90 4.347 4299 4252 4206 4162 4.118 4075 4033 3.992 3.952 .00 O12 AF3R73) MGs S798 S02 S720) 0091 115.0900 (3022 S.OB9 1 1.10 3.556 3.524 3-493 ~'3.462 ~3A32 °3402 3.372 3.344 3.315 3.287 1.20 260" 83253 3:207' S180) 355: 9-130) 73105 3080 "3.056 3.033 1.30 3:009 2.986 2.964. 2.941 2.919 . 2898) 2.876 |) 2.859, 32.839, 2.814 1.40 BPO 2774 = 2955. 2780 Sats | 20098 2079 2.001 2.643 2.626 1.50 2608) 2591) “2574 "2557 2.540 9 2'524. 2508 2492 2476 ZAG 1.60 2445 “2430 “2Ai5y 2A) 2989) Zo/l, | 2307) 2.040 2829, 2dLo 1.70 2301 2288) "2274 2261 "2.248 2.235" «2.228: 2210" 2198) 2.185 1.80 2173, 2461 22.149) 2138) 226. 215) U2 03 2092, 2. 0a 2.070 1.90 2059 - 2.048 \ 2.037 *2:027- 2.016; 72.006 °.1-996 1.986" 1.976 1.906 2.00 1-956" 1-946) )-9:937 §927 = E9IS 1908 | 899 1890 188 = 1.87Z 2.10 1803" OT:S54> P1845) S887 91.828)" 91.820) BI 1.803: 21.794 1.786 2.20 mire: YIEZ/Oy S762) M754: 746) 739 V7Sh | 17Z3)) 1.716 1-208 2.30 ZOP 1694, | 1-686, 36679 1672) 51-665) L658) Real Gat e3s7, 2.40 630° “1623 * G17 W610) = G03 S97 ""t590" 1584) C577. Loz 2.50 1565) 02559" $oass2° res4e E1540" bod! s28 1522 Foto. isto 2.60 1.505 1.499 1.493 1.487 1482 1.476 1471 1.465 1.460 1.454 2.70 1.449 1444 1438 1.433 1428 1.423 1417 1.412 1.407 1.402 2.80 1307 1392 1-387 13S2q0 3720 1373.) 1-968*) 1.363) 358." 1355 2.90 1349" 15344" 15340" «(15335 Tegal” 15326 13322) 1317) 313) 1.308 Visual eR ec es ler. ee eet eet Tet ent eet Sema leit teria ieee 3.0 Sv slate WAee = Sls A ali) aos aye TOA) LOTS} 4.0 0.9780 0.9541 0.9314 0.9098 0.8891 0.8693 0.8504 0.8323 0.8150 0.7984 5.0 0.7824 0.7671 0.7523 0.7381 0.7244 0.7113 0.6986 0.6863 0.6745 0.6631 6.0 0.6520 0.6413 0.6310 0.6210 0.6112 0.6018 0.5927 0.5839 0.5753 0.5670 7.0 0.5589 0.5510 0.5433 0.5359 0.5286 0.5216 0.5147 0.5081 0.5015 0.4952 8.0 0.4890 0.4830 0.4771 0.4713 0.4657 0.4602 0.4549 0.4497 0.4445 0.4396 9.0 0.4347 0.4299 0.4252 0.4206 0.4162 0.4118 0.4075 0.4033 0.3992 0.3952 10.0 0.3912 0.3873 0.3835 0.3798 0.3762 0.3726 0.3691 0.3656 0.3622 0.3589 (continued) SMITHSONIAN METEOROLOGICAL TABLES 462 TABLE 160 (CONTINUED) HORIZONTAL VISIBILITY TABLE 160-B1.—Extinction coefficient as a function of visual range of black objects viewed against horizon sky in daytime where threshold of luminance contrast, ¢, is 0.02 auf3.912 aera) i Vues 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 range kn. km? km?) km?) okm-t ok? km? em? ke? km? ke 10 3912 .3556 ,.3200 3009 .2/94 2608 .2445. 2301 2173 -.2059 20 1956. 1863 <.1778 £1701 «1630, <1565 : 5505, -)1449) | 21397; 5.1349 30 L304) E1262; 41222) 7tsS TIGER. TIS) “LOS%e 71057 ne e020) patos 40 09780 .09541 .09314 .09098 .08891 .08693 .08504 .08323 .08150 .07984 50 07824 .07671 .07523 .07381 .07244 .07113 .06986 .06863 .06745 .06631 60 06520 .06413 .06310 .06210 .06112 .06018 .05927 .05839 .05753 .05670 70 05589 .05510 .05433 .05359 .05286 .05216 .05147 .05081 .05015 .04952 80 04890 .04830 .04771 .04713 .04657 .04602 .04549 .04497 .04445 .04396 90 04347 04299 .04252 .04206 .04162 .04118 .04075 .04033 .03992 .03952 100 03912 .03873 .03835 .03798 .03762 0.3726 .03691 .03656 .03622 .03589 110 03556 .03524 .03493 .03462 .03432 .03402 .03372 .03344 .03315 .03287 120 03260 .03233 .03207 .03180 .03155 .03130 .03105 .03080 .03056 .03033 130 03009 .02986 .02964 .02941 .02919 .02898 .C2876 .02855 .02835 .02814 140 02794 .02774 02755 .02736 .02717 .02698 .02679 .02661 .02643 .02626 150 02608 .02591 .02574 .02557 .02540 .02524 .02508 .02492 .02476 .02460 160 02445 .02430 .02415 .02400 .02385 .02371 .02357 .02343 .02329 .02315 170 02301 .02288 .02274 .02261 .02248 .02235 .02223 .02210 .02198 .02185 180 02173 .02161 .02149 .02138 .02126 .02115 .62103 .02092 .02081 .02070 190 02059 .02048 .02037 .02027 .02016 .02006 .01996 .01986 .01976 .01966 200 01956 .01946 .01937 .01927 .01918 .01908 .01899 .01890 .01881 .01872 210 01863 .01854 .01845 .01837 .01828 .01820 .01811 .01803 .01794 .01786 220 01778 01770 .01762 .01754 .01746 .01739 .01731 .01723 .01716 .01708 230 01701 .01694 .01686 .01679 .01672 .01665 .01658 .01651 .01644 .01637 240 01630 .01623 .01617 .01610 .01603 .01597 .01590 .01584 .01577 .01571 250 01565 01559 = .01552 01546 .01540 .01534 .01528 .01522 .01516 .01510 (continued) SMITHSONIAN METEOROLOGICAL TABLES TABLE 160 (CONTINUED) 463 HORIZONTAL VISIBILITY TABLE 160-B2.—FExtinction coefficient as a function of visual range of black objects viewed against horizon sky in daytime where threshold of luminance contrast, ¢, is 0.05 WG.52106 7 Visual 0.000 0.001 0.002 0.003 0.004 0.005 0.006 0.007 0.008 ~—_ 0.009 kane km.-1 km.-1 km.-1 km.-1 km.-1 km.-1 km.-1 km.-1 km.-1 km.-1 0.00 998.7 749.0 599.2 499.3 4280 3745 3329 0.01 299.16 2724 249.7 230.5 2140 199.7 187.3 1762 1664 157.7 0.02 ad9'S 0142-7) (NASO2Z 9130.3) "O1Z4:5 COHOS 15.2. VNLO 1070 = 103.3 0.03 99.87. 96.65 93.63 90.79 - 88.12 85.60 83.22 80.97 78.84 . 76.82 0.04 74.90 73.07 71.33 69.67 68.09 66.58 65.13 63.74 6242 61.14 0.05 99.92 PRN58:75 15 157:6200 150.53 2959.48 = 8654.47 \-953:50 952.56" 9951-66. S078 0.06 49.93 49.11 4832 47.56 46.81 46.09 45.39 44.72 44.06 43.42 0.07 42.80 42.20 41.61 41.04 4049 39.95 39.42 38.91 38.41 37.92 0.08 37.45 36.99 36.54 36.10 35.67 35.25 3484 3444 34.05 33.66 0.09 IS-29M Ot S2.920 SLO WESL-LL OM aNLOs OONSN- DA or oh 21! 30:89 30:07 73026 0.10 29.96 Wi 29:6629:37 > 29.09. 28.81 © 28.53"! 28.26" 2800" "27.74 27.49 0.11 2t.en “2699 +2045 “26:51 “26.28 526.05 325.83 ~25:61 25:39 2548 0.12 24:97. 24.76 24.56 24.36 § 24.16 23.97. 23.78 23.59 23.41 23.22 0.13 28.00 PRE 2.07 CEE OU MEDS Varee 00 ee .19 eee 03 2921.87 “2171 Zab 0.14 2V40 0821-25 -F21.10 5120.95 20.81 20.66 +" 20.52 == 20:38 2 20124 20:11 0.15 19:97 (191849019.71 9 19.586 919.45 56419. 33461921 19.08 18:96 «18:84 0.16 1875 1861 “1849 (98:38 ©1827 \1816 1805 17:04 17:83." 17:73 0.17 7.62 W752 Oey 42 (O72 7220 PY 2 A 02? 6:93) 21683) Tow 0.18 16:64 1% 16155 6.46 916.37 916.28 16.19 16:11 "16.02 "15.94 1585 0.19 5:77 ONA19.69 Wied 0.00 RUULS.52 re od P1536 POE 29 S21 SS Abe 0.20 14.98 14.91 1483 14.76 1469 1461 1454 1447 1440 14.33 0.21 1427 “1420 “E419 (1407 “1400 “1393 81387 ASS1 713:74 513/68 0.22 13:62 OOAS56 OF13.50 11343 113.38 913.32 YO13:26 13.20 A314. 81308 0.23 03:03 5912.97 Os 1291 112.86 002.80 Vi Z.75 12.69 012.64 1259. Az 0.24 1248 SP12-45 (P1238 S233 OM1Z 28 VI 2.23 |Z ISS M1213 ¥ 1208 A208 0.25 11.98 BALT.94 CN LL89 COLL SANSOM. 75 Nd 70S Sl .G6icol © BIR57 0.26 ioe) ll4s TAs TP 39 Ass) ENS 268 M22) AS ae 0.27 11.10 11.06 11.01 1097 1093 1089 -1086 1082 10.78 10.74 0.28 10.70 1066 10.62 10.59 10.55 1051 1048 1044 10.40 10.37 0.29 1.0'33:) > 10!30' “10.26 ~"10.23' “10:19 “1016 1042" 10:09. 1O:0S 1002 0.30 9987 9.953 9.921 9.888 9.855 9.823 9.791 9.759 9.727 9.696 0.31 D166 5iee 91033) a 9603 9/572 954 e951 ee 481 9459 421) 491892 0.32 9.363 9.333 9.304 9.276 9.247 9.218 9.190 9.162 9.134 9.106 0.33 9.079 9.051 9.024 8997 8970 8943 8.917 8.890 8864 8.838 0.34 8.812 8.786 8.760 8.735 8709 8684 8659 8.634 8.609 8.585 0.35 8.560 8536 8511 8487 8463 8439 8416 8392 8369 8.345 0.36 8322105299) oo O:2/01e O-ZOS 2 o e OOS atO CONG LOSS 1410) teetlo 0.37 8.097 8.075 8.054 8.032 8011 7.989 7.968 7.947 7.926 7.905 0.38 LoCk 1.004 F843) 7SE2 A.002N AeLOCe EL OLE LALA E EACLE ALLO? 0.39 7.682 7.662 7.643 7.623 7.004 7:585 7.566 7.547 7.528 7.509 (continued) SMITHSONIAN METEOROLOGICAL TABLES 464 TABLE 160 (CONTINUED) HORIZONTAL VISIBILITY TABLE 160-B2.—Extinction coefficient as a function of visual range of black objects viewed against horizon sky in daytime where threshold of luminance contrast, ¢, is 0.05 2.996 aT Ws Veal op0:00 yyiQ.01 yoiO02 W003 rocd04 eONOI0S Lqgolos soKo107 OnKeNs Saree km. km.-1 km.-1 km.-1 km.-1 km.-1 km.-1 km.-1 km.-1 km.-1 km.-1 0.40 7.490 7.307 7.133 6967 6.809 6.658 6.513 6.374 6242 6.114 0.50 D992 5:875: \5:462 1.151653 915548 65447 151350 5256 B66 Szs 0.60 4.993 4911 4832 4.756 4.681 4.609 4539 4472 4406 4.342 0.70 4.280 4.220 4.161 4.104 4.049 3.995 3.942 3.891 3.841 3.792 0.80 3.745 3.699 3.654 3.610 3.567 3.525 3484 3.444 3.405 3.366 0.90 3.329 3.292) 3.257), 3.222") 3:187° © 3.1545. 3.421 | 1/3089. 131057 731026 1.00 2.996 2.966 2.937 2.909 2.881 2.853 2.826 2.800 2.774 2.749 1.10 2724; 26995, )2,675: © 2.651 * 2 2:6280 26052) 2/583.) 2561 ew2S89 2518 1.20 2497. 2.476: 2.456; 2:436° 9. 2:4169° 23397 12.378." 2.35002 2.341 2322 1.30 2309, 2287 22/0 «2253 2236 2.219) 2:203) 2187, A Aglee oe 1.40 ZAA0) Z125,, 2.110%) 2.095 19 21081 1 :2:066 2:052.4,2.038.-2024 2011 1.50 1.997. 1.984 1.971 1.958 1.945 1.933 1.921 1.908. 1.896 1.884 1.60 1.873%) 861 5849 0 1838 4 S27 1 EB 1G) S05 TL 94 CUES RAS 1.70 762) V752 6% W742 yy B6732 (722 20 15712 0) 15702 218693 OF G83: ort 1.80 1664 1.655 1.646 1637 1.628 1.619 1.611 1.602 1594); °0:585 1.90 M577 3) 1,569 '(6 125607 § i552 20 12544 57911536 1 T1529 LA S21 OSS) (OSG 2.00 1.498 1.491 1.483 1.476 1469 1.461 1.454 1.447 1.440 1.433 2.10 1.427, 1.420 1.413 1.407 1.400 1.393 1.387 1.381 1.374 1.368 2.20 15362), 1.3560), 12350), 15343 9.033385 2/9153320.11326 9 1320 V5 a4) SOS 2.30 1303 297 1.291 1.286 =.1.280 » 1.275 1.269... 1264 1.259) 2o4 2.40 L248 =) 14243) 1:238.05 15233 C0228 11.223 LIZIS 34213 2108 Aes 2.50 LA98 ¢ 1194 L189 se 2184 1180 | oMP175 OF 1170 Ob 1166 SaAG SZ 2.60 LU52 A148 oy) Veet 291139 om SS Ae AST HTS26 W222 eS 2.70 L110) | £106 >) 1.101 ¢ 9 1097 9092093 812089 An 11086 91082 2078S Oz4 2.80 1.070 1.066 1.062 1.059 1.055 1.051 1.048 1.044 1.040 1.037 2.90 1,033), 1.030) 1,026", 11023) 9 15019 »4 1.016. %9.1.012 »°.1.009'%.1.005| 1.082 = ae 0 EI 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 in, feet th hE er te det) et ee eel deere 3.0 9987 .9665 .9363 .9079 8812 .8560 .8322 .8097 .7884 .7682 4.0 7490 7307. .7133 +6967 «6809 «6658 ~=«6513. «6374. -—««.6242—Ss«w6114 5.0 5092 .5875 5762. 5653. 55485447 .5350 = 5256 )=—.5166_—«.5078 6.0 4994 4911 .4832 .4756 .4681 .4609 .4539 .4472 .4406 .4342 7.0 4280 4220 .4161 4104 .4049 .3995 3942 .3891 .3841 .3792 8.0 3745 .3699 3654 .3610 .3567 .3525 3484 .3444 .3405 .3366 9.0 3329") 13202)" 325743229. “3187 ©1354) a1 OT atagnore any | 3g 10.0 2996 .2966 .2937 .2909 .2881 .2853 .2826 .2800 42774 .2749 (continued) SMITHSONIAN METEOROLOGICAL TABLES TABLE 160 (CONTINUED) HORIZONTAL VISIBILITY 465 TABLE 160-B2.—Extinction coefficient as a function of visual range of black objects viewed against horizon sky in daytime where threshold of luminance contrast, ¢, is 0.05 Visual 0 range Vs km. km.-1 10 .2996 20 1498 30 .09987 40 .07490 50 05992 60 .04993 70 .04280 80 .03745 90 .03329 100 .02996 110 02724 120 .02497 130 .02305 140 .02140 150 .01997 160 .01873 170 .01762 180 .01664 190 .01577 200 .01498 210 01427 220 .01362 230 .01303 240 .01248 250 .01198 SMITHSONIAN METEOROLOGICAL TABLES 1 km.-1 .2724 1427 .09665 .07307 05875 04911 04220 .03699 03292 02966 .02699 02476 02287 02125 01984 .01861 01752 01655 01569 01491 .01420 01356 01297 01243 01194 2 km.-1 2497 1362 09363 07133 05762 04832 04161 03654 03257 .02937 02675 02456 .02270 02110 01971 .01849 01742 .01646 01560 01483 01413 01350 01291 01238 .01189 oe 6 —~ Vs 3 4 km.-t kt 2305 ~=.2140 1303 .1248 (continued) 1997 08560 06658 05447 04609 .03995 .03525 .03154 02853 .02605 02397 02219 .02066 .01933 01816 01712 .01619 01536 01461 01393 01332 01275 01223 01175 6 km.-1 1873 1152 08322 06513 .05350 .04539 03942 03484 03121 02826 02583 .02378 .02203 02052 01921 01805 01702 01611 01529 01454 01387 01326 01269 01218 .01170 7 km.-1 1762 1110 .08097 06374 05256 04472 03891 03444 03089 -02800 02561 .02359 02187 02038 01908 01794 .01693 01602 01521 01447 01381 .01320 01264 01213 .01166 8 Pmi-2 .1664 .1070 .07884 06242 05166 .04406 03841 03405 03057 02774 02539 02341 02171 .02024 01896 .01783 01683 01594 01513 01440 .01374 01314 01259 .01208 01161 466 TABLE 160 (CONTINUED) HORIZONTAL VISIBILITY Tas_e 160—Cl.—Visual range of point sources of light Function (loge Jo — loge E) Luminous intensity srl 13107 2X10) 3X10? 4107) 5X10 6x10 97x10. 8 cite See ae (candela) 5x<10° 1.609 0.916 0.511 0.223 0.000 —0.182 —0.336 —0.470 —0.588 10° 2.303 1.609 1.204 0.916 0.693 0.511 0.357 0.223 0.105 5x10? 3.912 3.219 2.813 2.526 2.303 2.120 1.966 1.833 iL AlS Om 4.605 3.912 3.507 3.219 2.996 2.813 2.659 2.526 2.408 5x<107 6.215 S52 tee TONG 4.828 4.605 4.423 4.269 4.135 4.017 Threshold illuminance (flux-density), E, lumens km.-2 1 6908 6215 5.809 — 5.521 5.298: 5.116 4.962 4.828 »~ 4.711 2 7.601 6908 26.5020 9@:255) (51091 5.809! | #5:095 SaS-o21 5.404 3 8.006)" 72313". 61908 (6.620) 65397 “6215 16060 5.927 tees ele 4 8.294 7.601 7.195. “6908 96.685") '6:502."'6.348-"""6.215 a G.097 5 8517) 7.824 (7 ALS! 7.131 6.908 ~6:725" 6.571 6.438 6.320 6 8.700 8.006 7.601 7.313, © 7.090% 6.908) = 16:754°5 6.620: 96.502 7 8.854 8.161 1.799 7.467 7.244 7.062 6908 6.774 6.656 8 8.987. 8.294 7.889 7.601 7.378 7.195 7.041 6.908 6.790 9 9105s, 8412), 8006. 7.719" %é7A96' 7313) Pat7. 159" 97.026 Parade 10 9210 S:10k) BAT2 7.824) L760 7419-7264 07131 7.013 15 91616.» $9230 ‘BS17.. 8230) “8006 © \57:824) 7.670 8 7.536 BA 419 20 9903 9.210" ‘S805 S517) S294. _ 802 | e058) 7.824 e710 25 10.12729 9A33\." 91028 “8:740) FABo17 VPS S335 FE 81ST 8.047 = 7.929 30 103091). 9:61G% “9.210 =8:923 8.700 8517 8.363 8.230 8.112 35 10.463 9.770 9.364 9.077 8.854 8.671 8.517 8.384 8.266 40 10.597 9903 9498 9.210 8987 8805 8.651 8.517 8.399 45 10.714 10.021 96160, 9.328) S105) 8923 4 78769 | Pe 'G35 anodes 50 10.8200 101274) O72 91433 19.210 ©! 9.028. 8.874) 98.740 988.623 55 10:915.1')10:2220 GOSIG. ©9529. 69.306 Yeo9l123)" 98'S: 96915 18.836, wens.7 le 60 11.002 103090 9.903" 19.616 999.393 2b 9!210) 9.056 AhG-925 Saes.80g 65 11.082'- 10.389 9.984 9696 9473. 9290 9.136 ° 9.003 8.885 70 11.156 10.463 10.058, 9.770 . 9547 (9364 “192107 729.077 0976958 75 11.225°- 710.532" 10.127 5° "9.839 *' 9616 792433 1191279) 09 146 ona 80 11.290 10.597 10.191 9.903 9.680 9.498 9.344 9.210 9.093 85 11.350) 10:657' 10:252 ° 9.964 9.741% 19.559) |) 94047 S827 9.153 90 11.408 10.714 10.309 10.021 9.798 9616 9.462 9328 9.210 95 11.462 10.768 10.363 10.075 9.852 +9670 9516. 91382) Oo 2G4 100 11:513)), 10-820, » 10414, 10.127, 9903. 9721 9.567 4.9439. 4.09.31 200 12.206, . 11.513, 11.107. 101820) 10.597. “0414 — 10260) 10127 21000" 300 12612) 11.918". 11.513 11-225, 11.002 “10.820: “310666 10-5325 er0 4 400 12:899. 12.206), 11.801. 11.513 12.290 11.1077-.10:953'__ 10/8205 710.704 500 13.122 12.429 12.024) 11-736. P1513" E1331 “PE176" 1) 04S oes 600 13:305, 12.612), 12.206. 11-918) 9 11695. S13) "359 tl 225e er, ne 700 13.459 12.766, 12.360! ,. 12:073, 11.849 11:667 “11-513)~ °11.379" Si i-26e 800 13.592, 12.899 12.494, 12206 11983 “ILS80l “11646 iT Sisiy Ti.39a 900 13.710 13.017 12.612) 12324) 012101 11.918 “11-764 1d63i, 5 sia 1000 13.816 13.122 12.717° 12429 12206 12.024 11.870 11736 Tels 2000 14509 13.816 13.410 13.122 12.899 12.717 12.563 12420 “1230 3000 14.914. 14.221 13.816 13.528 13.305 13.122 12968 12.835 (127im 4000 15.202 14.509 14.103 13.816 13.592 13.410 13.256 13.122 13.005 5000 15.425 14.732 14.326 14.039 13.816 13.633 13.479 13.346 13.228 6000 15.607 14.914 14.509 14.221 13.998 13.816 13.661 13.528 13.410 7000 15.761 15.068 14.663 14.375 14.152 13.970 13.816 13.682 13.564 8000 15.895 15.202 14.796 14.509 14286 14.103 13.949 13.816 13.698 9000 16.013 15.320 14.914 14626 14.403 14.221 14.067 13.933 13.816 10000 16.118 15.425 15.019 14.732 14.509 14.326 14.172 14.039 13.921 (continued ) SMITHSONIAN METEOROLOGICAL TABLES TABLE 160 (CONTINUED) 467 HORIZONTAL VISIBILITY TABLE 160-—Cl1—Visual range of point sources of light Function (loge Jo — loge E) Luminous epee candles, iSO 2410 ©3110" «410 «510 -.6>¢107 1.7><10-79..8<10" 9><10° (candela 5x<10° —0.693 —1.386 —1.792 —2.079 —2.303 —2.485 —2.639 —2.773 —2.890 10° 0.000 —0.693 —1.099 —1.386 —1.609 —1.792 —1.946 —2.079 —2.197 5x<107 1.609 0.916 0.511 0.223 0.000 —0.182 —0.336 —0.470 —0.588 107 2.303 1.609 1.204 0.916 0.693 0.511 0.357 0.223 0.105 ByalOm 3.912 3.219 2.813 2.526 2.303 2.120 1.966 1.833 1.715 1 A605 Net 3.912 995 3:507 ye 3.219 ni Z996 006-2813 Gy 2659 nen 2-526 . «2408 2 5298 \a(v4.605 410, 4.200 aap 3-912 oo 3.089 © 94 3-507 # hp 3:352 5a 3.219) e301 3 5.704 5.011 AlGOS gan 4-317 » 1h 4.004 one 3-912 Gre 3.758 inp 3.024 ard-507 4 5.991 5.298 4893 4605 4382 4200 4.046 3.912 3.794 5 6215 Hy io21 5.116 4828 4605 4423 4269 4135 4.017 6 7 8 2) Threshold illuminance (flux-density), E, lumens km.-2 6.397. 5.704 5.298 5.011 4.787 4.605 4.451 4.317 4.200 6.551 5.858", 5452. 5.165 . 4942 | 4.759. 4.605. 4472 4.354 6.685 5.991 5.586 895298 ano 0.075 10 4.893 os 4739 0" 4.605 (4.487 6:802'02 2 6.109 wit 5.204 on 5416 |) ¢ 5.193 5 4.5.01) 4856 4.723 4.605 10 6.908 6.215 5.809 ©» 5.521 5.298 5.116 4962 4828 4.711 15 7-313 196.620 018 6215 5.927 6c), 5.704 44.5.521 5:367 «15.234 95.116 20 7.601 6.908 Ye 6.002 Gh, 6.215 7) 5-991 5.809. 5.655 Bal 5.404 25 7824 7.131 6.725 £1)6:438.97 | G2Z15 65 4, 6.032 ary: 5.878." = 5.749 5.627 30 S'N0o.a2 12.313 S10 6.908 tom) 6.620 Oe 6.397 Py, 6215 | |) 6.060 ») 5.927 "45.809 35 8.161 7 AGS Dili 7-002 ARS O14 1), G-5DL 6.369 6215 6.081 5.963 40 8.294 7.601 F195 0%) 6.908 996.685 po 6.502 «i 6:348 yo 6.215 6.097 45 BAV2 99) 4.719 VE 7-313. Wie 20200-y 6.802 1) 6:620 551646669 °'6:332 96.215 50 8.517 4-824 2 AALS ay FAS) 6.908» |) 6.725 i) 6.571 6.438 6.320 55 8.613 L919 Vi p54 cNt-F.226 7.003. 6.821 6:6607 9)» 6:533 56-415 60 8.700 8.006 7.601 7.313 7.090 6908 6754 6620 6.502 65 8.780 8.086 7.681 7.393 7.170 6.988). 6.834: 6.700 6.582 70 8.854 8.161 7.155 SG-AGT Ahy 2244 Oy i 7.062 wey, 6908 ve 6.774. GG.696 75 8.923 i 918.2350 fh 7.824 {W750 i 7.313 pe ZA St 6.977. 6843 6.725 80 8.987 8294 7.889 7.601 L378 hae 7199 ur 7-041 6.908 6.790 85 9:048 WV. 8.355:210,2.949 on 6 7662 TASB. >. 7.256 Oi, F102 > 6.968 26.85! 90 O05 H228:4l2 115,8.006 01.7719 Ae 7-496 00% 7-313 7.159 7.026 6.908 95 9159! ()F8:466 208.060 Sas 75773 19), 7-550 ee? 7-367 P40 7213 574 7-080 96.962 100 9210 Ge S517 oF 8112 ae" 7824 1627-601 7419 7.264 = 7.131 7.013 200 9903 225,9210' 7 8.805 }0u,8.517.4 1 8.294 Coe B12 one 7.958. 1n 72824 ede 06 300 10.309 9616 9.210 8923 8700 8517 8363 8230 8.112 400 10.597 9.903 9.498 9.210 8.987 8.805 8.651 8.517 8.399 500 10.820 PV10.127 82) 9.721 9.433 9.210 9.028 8874 8.740 8.623 600 1 002 42510:309 950 9.903 un) 9.616 &! 91393. 949-210 Wy) 9.05605. 8:923 8:805 700 1}.156 210.463 910.058 9.770, 9:547 22 9.364 9+ 9.21052 9.077 98.959 800 11.290 10.597 10.191 9:903 217 9:680 959, 9'498 (0 95344 6) 9.210 9,093 900 11.408 10.714 10.309 10.021 9.798 9.616 9.462 9.328 9.210 1000 11.513. 10.820 10.414 10.127. 9903 9.721 9.567. 9:433 99316 2000 12.206 11.513 11.107 10.820 10.597 10.414 10.260 10.127 10.009 3000 12.612 11.918 11.513 11.225 11.002 10.820 10.666 10.532 10.414 4000 12.899 12.206 11.801 11.513 11.290 11.107 10.953 10.820 10.702 5000 13.422 §012.429 89)12.024 6 (519.736 (ULSI $d:331 eA 76e e043 ~~ 0.925 6000 43:305 5 112:612 0 112206 LO 711.918 yialih.695 j.0.513 aielS59wld225 LO? 7000 13.459 (12.766 ) 112.360 | 12.073 09 11.849 «111.667! S137 11:379 = 262 8000 13.592 12.899 12.494 12206 11.983 11.801 11.646 11.513 11.395 9000 13-710 543,017 91 712:612. 912.324 12101 (918 6 9764 00011631 «=| RSIS 10000 13.816 113.122 §9/12.717 612.429 6 12.206 }.10121024 911:8709 5 11-736 L618 (continued ) SMITHSONIAN METEOROLOGICAL TABLES 468 Luminous intensity 0 candles (candela) Taste 160-—Cl.—Visual range of point sources of light IS<105 TasB_eE 160-C1.—Visual range of point sources of light 1107 11.513 12.206 12.899 13.305 13.592 13.816 15.425 16.118 17.728 18.421 20.030 20.723 22.333 23.026 24.635 1x10” 13.816 14.509 15.202 15.607 15.895 16.118 17.728 18.421 20.030 20.723 22.333 23.026 24.635 25.328 26.938 EX105 16.118 16.811 17.504 17.910 18.198 18.421 20.030 20.723 22.333 23.026 24.635 25.328 26.938 27.631 29.240 TABLE 160 (CONTINUED) HORIZONTAL VISIBILITY Function (loge Jo — loge E) Threshold illuminance (flux-density), E, lumens km,-2 2><10- 10.820 Lis 12.206 12.612 12.899 13.122 14.732 15.425 17.034 3X10 10.414 11.107 11.801 12.206 12.494 12.717 14.326 15.019 16.629 17.322 18.932 19.625 21.234 21.927 23.537 4107 10.127 10.820 SS 11.918 12.206 12.429 14.039 14.732 16.341 17.034 18.644 19.337 20.946 21.640 23.249 5><1077) 6107 9.903, 9.721 10.597 10.414 PL 290) iA 1.107 1V69See 14.513 11.983 11.801 12.206 12.024 13.816 13.633 14.509 14.326 16.118 15.936 16.811 16.629 18.421 18.238 19.114 18.932 20.723 20.541 21.416 21.234 23.026 22.844 7X10" 9.567 10.260 10.953 11.359 11.646 11.870 13.479 14.172 15.782 16.475 18.084 18.777 20.387 21.080 22.689 Threshold illuminance (flux-density), E, lumens km.-2 ay Ql: 13.122 13.816 14.509 14.914 15.202 15.425 17.034 17.728 19.337 20.030 21.640 22.333 23.942 24.635 26.245 3105 12.717 13.410 14.103 14.509 14.796 15.019 16.629 17.322 18.932 19.625 21.234 21.927 23.537 24.230 25.839 4x10? 12.429 13.122 13.816 14.221 14.509 14.732 16.341 17.034 18.644 19.337 20.946 21.640 23.249 23.942 25.552 5X10 6107 12.206 12.024 12.899 12.717 13.592 13.410 13.998 13.816 14.286 14.103 14.509 14.326 16.118 15.936 16.811 16.629 18.421 18.238 19.114 18.932 20.723 20.541 21.416 21.234 23.026 22.844 23.719 23.537 25.328 25.146 7X10° 11.870 Threshold illuminance (flux-density), E, lumens km.-? 2x 10s 15.425 16.118 16.811 17.217 17.504 17.728 19.337 20.030 21.640 22.333 23.942 24.635 26.245 26.938 28.547 310% 15.019 15.713 16.406 16.811 17.099 17.322 18.932 19.625 21.234 21.927 23.537 24.230 25.839 26.532 28.142 SMITHSONIAN METEOROLOGICAL TABLES 4x10* 14.732 15.425 16.118 16.524 16.811 17.034 18.644 19.337 20.946 21.640 23.249 23.942 25.552 26.245 27.854 5X10 46x10" 14.509 14.326 15.202 15.019 15.895 15.713 16.300 16.118 16.588 16.406 16.811 16.629 18.421 18.238 19.114 18.932 20.723 20.541 21.416 21.234 23.026 22.844 23.719 23.537 25.328 25.146 26.022 25.839 27.631 27.449 (continued) 7108 14.172 14.865 15.558 15.964 16.252 16.475 18.084 18.777 20.387 21.080 22.689 23.383 24.992 25.685 27.295 473 | 9.316 10.009 10.702 11.107 11.395 11.618 13.228 13.921 15.530 16.223 17.833 18,526 20.135 20.829 22.438 p> i Ue 11.618 12.311 13.005 13.410 13.698 13.921 15.530 16.223 17.833 18.526 20.135 20.829 22.438 23.131 24.741 910" 13.921 14.614 15.307 15.713 16.000 16.223 17.833 18.526 20,135 20.829 22.438 23.131 24.741 25,434 27.043 474 TABLE 160 (CONTINUED) HORIZONTAL VISIBILITY TasLe 160-C2.—Visual range of point sources of light Function (oD + 2 loge D) Visual range D km. 0 0.1 0.2 0.01 —9.210 —9.209 —9.208 0.02 —7.824 —7.822 —7.820 0.03 —7.013 —7.010 —7.007 0.04 —6.438 —6.434 —6.430 0.05 —5.991 —5.986 —5.981 0.06 —5.627 —5.621 —5.615 S2S | | ui Sts wn moO 1 | cient Ow Ae B&H 1 | mur Ow ao wm PWWWH WNHNND NNNNN Nee Peer POSDSG SSS]So0 Sloe: SODARN CDOONUD NBRWNHHE DOMUR NARWNHH DOOND NAPWNE — r= “SI On —_ Ww on Ov — on Ww Ov SMITHSONIAN METEOROLOGICAL TABLES Extinction coefficient, 0.3 0.4 —9.922 —9.921 —9.654 —9.653 —9.418 —9.418 —9.207 —9.206 —7.818 —7.816 —7.004 —7.001 —6.426 —6.422 —5.976 —5.971 —5.609 —5.603 —5.298 —5.291 —5.027 —5.019 —4.789 —4.780 —4.575 —4.565 —3.159 —3.139 —2.318 —2.288 —1.713 —1.673 —1.236 —1.186 —0.842 —0.782 —0.503 —0.433 —0.206 —0.126 0.059 0.149 0.300 0.400 0.521 0.631 0.725 0.845 0.915 1.045 1.093 = 1.233 1.261 1.411 1.420 ~=1.580 1.571 1.741 1.716 1.896 1.854 2.044 1.986 2.186 2.114 2.324 2.237 2.457 2.356 2.586 PUMA Agila 2.583 2.833 2.691 2.951 2.796 3.066 2.899 3.179 2.999 3.289 3.097 3.397 3.286 3.606 3.468 3.808 3.642 4.002 3.810 4.190 SOG AOS (continued) o, km.-1 0.5 0.6 TABLE 160 (CONTINUED) 475 HORIZONTAL VISIBILITY TABLE 160-C2.—Visual range of point sources of light Function (¢D + 2 log. D) Extinction coefficient, ¢, km.-1 0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 4.0 Zia 3.173 (3.573 (3.973 4:373% (4773 5.173 8573. 5.973 #96873 2.870 3.290 3.710 4.130 4.550 4970 5.390 5.810 6.230 6.650 2.963 .3.403 3.843 4.283 4723 5.163 5.603 6043 6483 6.923 S052. 23:512° 231972 $4432" MA S92 5 .S52" 5.812)" 6.272 16.732 Vaal 92 S.o7 “SIGI7” 4.097" “4577 (5.057 S980" 6.017," 6.497" 6.977 TrZA57 S219 3719 “4219 “A719 {5219 “S719 16.219 ~6.719' 7.219 | 72719 S297 (3.010 “A337 4852 S37L = 58970 G6 4lZ, 6.987-7.457 17977 Sofs wo9lS (4.453 4:903"" 51533 16073 6.613» 7.153)+-7.693 98233 3.446 4.006 4.566 5.126 5.686 6246 6806 7.366 7,926 8.486 3.516 4.096 4.676 5.256 5.836 6416 6996 7.576 8.156 8.736 3.584 4.184 4.784 5.384 5.984 6584 7.184 7.784 8384 8.984 3.649 4269 4889 5.509 6.129 6.749 7.369 7.989 8.609 9.229 S413. J4503 4993" 5633" 62/3" (G913'"" 75530" 8.193\" “8.833 Y9A73 3.774 4434 5.094 5.754 6414 7.074 7.734 8.394 9.054 9.714 3.834 4.514 5.194 5.874 6554 7.234 7.914 8.594 9.274 9.954 Soot peepee j9292 9.992) “6.692 7.392 $092 8792 91492 10:19Z 3.948 4.668 5.388 6.108 6828 7.548 8.268 8.988 9.708 10.428 4.003 4.743 5.483 6.223 6.963 7.703 8.443 9.183 9.923 10.663 4.056 4816 5.576 6.336 7.096 7.856 8.616 9.376 10.136 10.896 4108 4.888 5.668 6.448 7.228 8.008 8.788 9.568 10.348 11.128 AsESS. 059° 25.759 10.559 "7.509 8.159) 8.959, 9.759 10/559) 1359 4.208 5.028 5.848 6.668 7.488 8.308 9.128 9.948 10.768 11.588 4.256 5.096 5.936 6.776 7.616 8.456 9.296 10.136 10.976 11.816 4.304 5.164 6.024 6.884 7.744 8.604 9.464 10.324 11.184 12.044 : 5.230 6.110 6990 7.870 8.750 9.630 10.510 11.390 12.270 4.394 5.294 6.194 7.094 7.994 8894 9.794 10.694 11.594 12.494 4.438 5.358 6278 7.198 8118 9.038 9.958 10.878 11.798 12.718 4.481 5.421 6361 7.301 8241 9.181 10.121 11.061 12.001 12.941 4.524 5484 6.444 7.404 8364 9.324 10.284 11.244 12.204 13.164 4.565 5.545 6525 7.505 8485 9.465 10.445 11.425 12.405 13.385 4.605 5.605 6605 7.605 8.605 9.605 10.605 11.605 12.605 13.605 4.796 5.896 6.996 8.096 9.196 10.296 11.396 12.496 13.596 14.696 4970 6170 7.370 8.570 9.770 10.970 12.170 13.370 14.570 15.770 5.130 6.430 7.730 9.030 10.330 11.630 12.930 14230 15.530 16.830 5.278 6.678 8.078 9.478 10.878 12.278 13.678 15.078 16.478 17.878 5.416 6.916 8.416 9.916 11.416 12.916 14.416 15.916 17.416 18.916 5.545 7.145 8.745 10.345 11.945 13.545 15.145 16.745 18.345 19.945 5.666 7.366 9.066 10.766 12.466 14.166 15.866 17.566 19.266 20.966 5.781 7.581 9.381 11.181 12.981 14.781 16.581 18.381 20.181 21.981 5.889 7.789 9.689 11.589 13.489 15.389 17.289 19.189 21.089 22,989 5.991 7.991 9991 11.991 13.991 15.991 17.991 19.991 21.991 23.991 6.438 8.938 11.438 13.938 16.438 18.938 21.438 23.938 26.438 28.938 6.802 9.802 12.802 15.802 18.802 21.802 24.802 27.802 30.802 33.802 7.378 11.378 15.378 19.378 23.378 27.378 31.378 35.378 39.378 43.378 7.824 12.824 17.824 22.824 27.824 32.824 37.824 42.824 8.635 16.135 23.635 31.135 38.635 46.135 9.210 19.210 29.210 39.210 49.210 150.0 10.021 25.021 40.021 200.0 10.597 30.597 50.597 250.0 11.043 36.043 61.043 — SR SOWMNA NRONF Sooo. WMMH0 GCNNNN NADAH Qummm nb RRA tho nee — tp pet s “STO (yn (Aa) S SCSOCSDD SCOOCSDD COSDSCSD CGHAOABRN CHARAN CODBRNY CHODBRNY CORP CODA _ w& on oOo (continued) SMITHSONIAN METEOROLOGICAL TABLES 476 TABLE 160 (CONTINUED) HORIZONTAL VISIBILITY TABLE 160-C2.—Visual range of point sources of light Function (oD + 2 log. D) Extinction coefficient, ¢, km.-1 km. 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0.009 —9.421 —9.412 —9.403 —9.394 —9.385 —9.376 —9.367 —9.358 0.01 —9.210 —9.200 —9.190 —9.180 —9.170 —9.160 —9.150 —9.140 0.02 —7.824 —7.804 —7.784 —7.764 —7.744 —7.724 —7.704 —7.684 0.03 —7.013 —6.983 —6.953 —6.923 —6.893 —6.863 —6.833 —6.803 0.04 —6.438 —6.398 —6.358 —6.318 —6.278 —6.238 —6.198 —6.158 SODRN CDODNUD URWHH DODNURD UNABWHHE DOWONDHR URWNE S3e39: Oo a a | Oo I) ro) “NI oO ww - “I ey _ co “SI oo fon to NI Ww NI ron “I Oo No) rs NSI oe) — Oo _ “NI Oo POOWH WNHNNNY NNNYKNN Vee eee woosos SS999 S999 (continued) SMITHSONIAN METEOROLOGICAL TABLES TABLE 160 (CONTINUED) HORIZONTAL VISIBILITY TaBLeE 160-C2.—Visual range of point sources of light Function (cD + 2 log. D) Extinction coefficient, o, km.-1 0 1 2 10.773 2.870 7.070 11.270 2903 7.303 11.763 s0o2 7.652 (12252 slg? 7937 12-737, 3.219 8219 13.219 3.297 8.497 13.697 3.373 8.773 14.173 3.446 9.046 14.646 3.916 9.316 15.116 3.584 9.584 15.584 3.649 9.849 16.049 3.713 10.1137 16.513 3.774 10.374 16.974 3.834 10.634 17.434 3.892 10.892 17.892 3.948 11.148 18.348 4.003 11.403 18.803 4.056 11.656 19.256 4.108 11.908 19.708 4109 125159" 20,159 4.208 12.408 20.608 4.256 12.656 21.056 4.304 12.904 21.504 4.350 13.150 21.950 : 22.394 4.438 13.638 22.838 4.481 13.881 23.281 4.524 14.124 23.724 4.565 14.365 24.165 4.605 14.605 24.605 4.796 15.796 26.796 4.970 16.970 28.970 5.130 18.130 31.130 5.278 19.278 33.278 5.416 20.416 35.416 5.545 21.545 37.545 5.666 22.666 39.666 5.781 23.781 41.781 5.889 24.889 43.889 5.991 25.991 45.991 Por OB NS NI NI wo OV “NI “NI Oo DOOYOO 090000000 KONINININE NDAAA Qumnn nppar —_ WN LO eh pet peed feet pt SSS aSSSR SOSWUKH ABODE ox nm mbps oooo (SH =) (== (lj) (SY) (= (=) COOnrRD COdnhN SOONRN COOnfh SOOnkD COORD _ w \oO _ —_ w 3S _ Noe S8s8 3 14.773 15.470 16.163 16.852 17.537 18.219 18.897 19.573 20.246 20.916 21.584 22.249 (continued) SMITHSONIAN METEOROLOGICAL TABLES 4 18.773 19.670 5 22.773 23.870 6 7 26.773 30.773 28.070 32.270 29.363 33.763 30.652 31.937 33.219 34.497 477 478 TABLE 160 (CONCLUDED) HORIZONTAL VISIBILITY TasLE 160-—C2.—Visual range of point sources of light 0 10 15 0.007 —9.924 —9.854 —9.819 0.008 —9.657 —9.577 —9.537 0.009 —9.421 —9.331 —9.286 0.01 —9.210 —9.110 —9.060 0.02 —7.824 —7.624 —7.524 0.03 —7.013 —6.713 —6.563 0.04 —6.438 —6.038 —5.838 0.05 —5.991 —5.491 —5.241 0.06 —5.627 —5.027 —4.727 —5.319 —4.619 —4.269 : —3.851 —4.816 —3.916 —3.466 —4.605 —3.605 —3.105 —3.219 —1.219 —0.219 —2.408 0.592 2.092 —1.833 2.167 4.167 —1.386 3.614 6.114 —1.022 4978 7.978 —0.713 6.287 9.787 —0.446 7.554 11.554 —0.211 8.789 13.289 0.000 10.000 15.000 0.191 11.191 16.691 0.365 12.365 18.365 0.525 13.525 20.025 0.673 14.673 21.673 0.811 15.811 23.311 0.940 16.940 24.940 1.061 18.061 26.561 1.176 19.176 28.176 : : 29.784 1.386 21.386 31.386 1.484 22.484 32.984 1.577 23.577 34.577 1.666 24.666 36.166 V Jal) 20 vol Os .05) 1.833 26.833 39.333 1.911 27.911 40.911 1.986 28.986 42.486 (an) San | wn fom) on _— | is DO on — mMOoSSS S9999 SSS CODBNW CDOOND UNRWNHH DODNDR URWNHHEH DODNR URW —" ie) (ore) > to S & > POWW& WNNNN NNNNN Nee ee pees SMITHSONIAN METEOROLOGICAL TABLES 20 —9.784 —9.497 —9.241 —9.010 —7.424 —6.413 —5.638 —4.991 —4.427 —3.919 —3.451 —3.016 —2.605 0.781 3.592 6.167 8.614 10.978 13.287 15.554 17.789 20.000 22.191 24.365 26.525 28.673 30.811 32.940 35.061 37.176 39.284 30 —9.714 —9.417 —9.151 —8.910 —7.224 —6.113 —5.238 —4.491 —3.827 —3.219 —2.651 —2.116 —1.605 2.781 6.592 10.167 13.614 16.978 20.287 23.554 26.789 30.000 33.191 36.365 39.525 42.673 Function (oD + 2 log. D) Extinction coefficient, ¢, km.-1 40 —9.992 —9.644 —9.337 —9.061 —8.810 —7.024 —5.813 —4.838 —3.991 —3.227 —2.519 —1.851 —1.216 —0.605 4.781 9.592 14.167 18.614 22.978 27.287 31.554 35.789 100 —9.632 —9.224 —8.857 —8.521 —8.210 —5.824 —4.013 —2.438 —0.991 0.373 1.681 2,949 4.184 5.395 16.781 27.592 38.167 48.614 58.978 500 —9.043 —8.097 —7.232 —6.424 —5.657 —4.921 —4.210 2.176 7.987 13.562 19.009 24.373 29.681 34.949 40.184 45.395 96.781 SECTION XI GEODETIC AND ASTRONOMICAL TABLES a ee a baa a thi ee ne) a a . $a forae Laine i « SAU, th Dae ye By rer, dae i ew Y eh . ae our mei | he ee ae ae Ait et a ten ve Saree a m | bai alk | Bi ee Vas =e ey i A Op pa a o> a ne eye yo ee ia: pial Ne! hace ‘4 tes es ny y Say URS 4 ws byt Fr ‘i at Nl ! Hh Th ‘ i i is TABLE 161 GEODETIC AND ASTRONOMICAL CONSTANTS Dimensions of the earth: International Clarke ellipsoid spheroid of reference 1 of 18662 Semimiajor yauKIS = fe Soa «0 oases 6378388 m. 6378206.4 m. Seniiminor taxis Deer aise roeiveleinie 6356911.946 m. 6356583.8 m. Mean radius = 2¢+2 + 2 a 6371229.315 m. Radius of sphere of same area......... 6371227.709 m. Radius of sphere of same volume...... 6371221.266 m. Length of meridian quadrant......... 10002288.299 m. Length of equatorial quadrant......... 10019148.4 m. Nreabofitellipsoid oi. Sobeceecc ce ners es 510100934 km.? Volume ‘of*ellipsoid st. .5 255... 020.0e.. 1083319.78 & 10°km.° EV attenin se — ifiatrete sc sclee nies keeieiae c. 1/297 481 Note.—The Clarke spheroid of 1866 is the reference spheroid for triangulation in the United States, Canada, and Mexico. The International Ellipsoid of Reference is used in South America and in parts of western Europe. It was adopted in 1924 by the Inter- national Union of Geodesy and Geophysics and its use is recommended by that body wherever practicable. (See Encyclopedia Britannica, 1947 edition, article on Geodesy, for data concerning other spheroids.) Masson ste vearthy ess ctec ctists octets ais. s cae entices aed eieiel 5.975 & 10% ke. Mean distance earth to sun (astronomical unit) *.......... 1.4968 & 10° km. Mean linear velocity of the earth in its orbit.............. 29.77 km. sec. = Mean linear velocity of the surface of the earth at the equator. 465.1 m. sec.” Obliauity Gr the vecliptic=ene.,...ccerces os 0. «ster © hence s 23°27" (Also see Table 1, section D, Time.) 1U. S. Coast and Geodetic Survey, Spec. Publ. No. 200, 1935. 2Ibid., Spec. Publ. No. 5, 1946. Russell, H. N., Dugan, R. S., and Stewart, J. Q., Astronomy, Ginn and Co., 1945. SMITHSONIAN METEOROLOGICAL TABLES TABLE 162 LENGTH OF ONE DEGREE OF THE MERIDIAN Clarke spheroid of 1866 Lati- Inter- Clarke spheroid of 1866 tude national ellipsoid Statute Meters Meters miles 0-1° 110575.6 110567.3 68.703 1-2 110576.3 110568.0 68.704 2-3 =110577.6 110569.4 68.705 34 = 110579.7 110571.4 68.706 4-5 110582.4 110574.1 68.707 5-6 110585.8 110577.6 68.710 6-7 110589.8 110581.6 68.712 7-8 110594.5 110586.4 68.715 8-9 110599.9 110591.8 68.718 9-10 110605.9 110597.8 68.722 10-11 110612.5 110604.5 68.726 11-12 110619.8 110611.9 68.731 12-13 110627.8 110619.8 68.736 13-14 110636.3 110628.4 68.741 14-15 110645.4 110637.6 68.747 15-16 110655.2 110647.5 68.753 16-17 110665.5 110657.8 68.759 17-18 110676.4 110668.8 68.766 18-19 110687.9 110680.4 68.773 19-20 110699.9 110692.4 68.781 20-21 110712.4 110705.1 68.789 21-22 110725.4 110718.2 68.797 22-23 110739.0 110731.8 68.805 23-24 110753.0 110746.0 68.814 24-25 110767.5 110760.6 68.823 25-26 110782.5 110775.6 68.833 26-27 110797.9 110791.1 68.842 27-28 110813.7 110807.0 68.852 28-29 110829.9 110823.3 68.862 29-30 110846.4 110840.0 68.873 30-31 110863.3 110857.0 68.883 31-32 110880.6 110874.4 68.894 32-33 110898.2 110892.1 68.905 33-34 110916.0 110910.1 68.916 34-35 110934.2 110928.3 68.928 35-36 110952.6 110946.9 68.939 36-37 110971.2 110965.6 68.951 37-38 110990.0 110984.5 68.962 38-39 111009.0 111003.7 68.974 39-40 111028.2 111023.0 68.986 40-41 111047.5 111042.4 68.998 41-42 111066.9 111061.9 69.011 42-43 111086.4 111081.6 69.023 43-44 111105.9 111101.3 69.035 44-45 111125.5 111121.0 69.047 SMITHSONIAN METEOROLOGICAL TABLES Nau- tical miles 59.661 59.662 59.662 59.664 59.665 59.667 59.669 59.672 59.675 59.678 59.681 59.685 59.690 59.694 59.699 59.705 59.710 59.716 59.722 59.729 59.736 59.743 59.750 59.758 59.765 59.774 59.782 59.791 59.800 59.808 59.818 59.827 59.837 59.846 59.856 59.866 59.876 59.886 59.897 59.907 59.918 59.928 59.939 59.949 59.960 Lati- tude 45-46 46-47 Inter- national ellipsoid Meters 111145.2 111164.8 111184.4 111203.9 111223.4 111242.7 111261.9 111281.0 111299.9 111318.6 111337.1 111355.4 111373.4 111391.1 111408.5 111425.5 111442.3 111458.6 111474.6 111490.1 111505.2 111519.9 111534.1 111547.8 111561.0 111573.7 111585.9 111597.5 111608.5 111619.0 111628.9 111638.2 111646.8 111654.9 111662.3 111669.1 111675.2 111680.6 111685.4 111689.5 111693.0 111695.7 111697.8 111699.2 111699.9 Meters 111140.8 111160.5 111180.2 111199.9 111219.5 111239.0 111258.3 111277.6 111296.6 111315.4 111334.0 111352.4 111370.5 111388.4 111405.9 111423.1 111439.9 111456.4 111472.4 111488.1 111503.3 111518.0 111532.3 111546.2 111559.5 111572.2 111584.5 111596.2 111607.3 111617.9 111627.8 111637.1 111645.9 111653.9 111661.4 111668.2 111674.4 111679.9 111684.7 111688.9 111692.3 111695.1 111697.2 111698.6 111699.3 Statute miles 69.060 69.072 69.084 69.096 69.108 69.121 69.133 69.145 69.156 69.168 69.180 69.191 69.202 69.213 69.224 69.235 69.246 69.256 69.266 69.275 69.285 69.294 69.303 69.311 69.320 69.328 69.335 69.343 69.349 69.356 69.362 69.368 69.373 69.378 69.383 69.387 69.391 69.395 69.398 69.400 69.402 69.404 69.405 69.406 69.407 Nau- tical miles 59.971 59.981 59.992 60.003 60.013 60.024 60.034 60.045 60.055 60.065 60.075 60.085 Lati- Inter- tude national ellipsoid Meters 0° 111324 1 111307 2 111257 3 111172 4 111055 5 110903 6 110718 7 110500 8 110248 9 109962 10 109644 11 109292 12 108907 13 108489 14 108038 15 107555 16 107039 17 106490 18 105909 19 105296 20 104651 21 103975 22 103266 23 102527 24 101756 25 100954 26 100122 27 99259 28 98366 29 97443 30 96490 31 95508 32 94497 33 93457 34 92389 35 91292 36 90168 37 89016 38 87836 39 86630 40 85398 41 84139 42 82855 43 81545 44 80210 LENGTH OF ONE DEGREE OF THE PARALLEL TABLE 163 Clarke spheroid of 1866 Meters 111321 111304 111253 111169 111051 110900 110715 110497 110245 109959 109641 109289 108904 108486 108036 107553 107036 106487 105906 105294 104649 103972 103264 102524 101754 100952 100119 99257 98364 97441 96488 95506 94495 93455 92387 91290 90166 89014 87835 86629 85396 84137 82853 81543 80208 Statute miles 69.172 69.162 69.130 69.078 69.005 68.911 68.795 68.660 68.504 68.326 68.129 67.910 67.670 67.410 67.131 66.830 66.510 66.169 65.808 65.427 65.026 64.606 64.166 63.706 63.228 62.729 62.212 61.676 61.122 60.548 59.956 59.345 58.716 58.071 57.407 56.725 56.027 55:31 54.579 53.829 53.063 52.281 51.483 50.669 49.840 Nau- tical miles 60.068 60.059 60.031 59.986 591022 59.840 59.741 59.622 59.487 59.333 59.161 58.971 58.764 58.538 58.295 58.034 57.756 57.459 57.146 56.816 56.468 56.102 55.720 55321 54.905 54.473 54.024 53.558 53.076 52.578 52.064 51.534 50.989 50.428 49.851 49.259 48.653 48.031 47.395 46.744 46.079 45.399 44.706 44.000 43.280 SMITHSONIAN METEOROLOGICAL TABLES Inter- national ellipsoid Meters 78850 77467 76060 74629 73175 71699 70201 68681 67140 65579 63997 62396 60775 59136 57478 55803 54110 52401 50675 48934 47178 45407 43622 41824 40012 38189 36353 34506 32648 30781 28904 27017 25123 23220 21311 19395 483 Clarke spheroid of 1866 Meters 78849 77466 76058 74628 73174 71698 70200 68680 67140 65578 63996 62395 60774 59135 57478 55802 54110 52400 50675 48934 47177 45407 43622 41823 40012 38188 36353 34506 32648 30781 28903 27017 25123 23220 21311 19394 Statute miles 48.995 48.136 47.261 46.372 45.469 44.552 43.621 42.676 41.719 40.749 39.766 38.771 37.764 36.745 35.716 34.674 33.623 32.560 31.488 30.406 29.315 28.215 27.106 25.988 24.862 23.729 22.589 21.441 20.287 19.127 17.960 16.788 15.611 14.428 13.242 12.051 10.857 9.659 Nau- tical miles 42.546 41.801 41.041 40.268 39.484 38.688 37.880 37.060 36.229 35.386 34.532 33.668 32.794 31.909 31.015 30.110 29.197 28.275 27.344 26.404 25.456 24.501 23.538 22.567 21.590 20.606 19.616 18.619 17.617 16.609 15.596 14.578 13.556 12.529 11.499 10.465 9.428 484 TABLE 164 DISTRIBUTION OF WATER AND LAND IN VARIOUS LATITUDE BELTS? Northern Hemisphere Southern Hemisphere —_— IS ec Latitude Water Land Water Land Water Land Water Land 10®km.? 108 km.? % % 10®km.?2 —_-:10& km.? %o % 90-85° 0.979 a 100.0 _— — 0.978 — 100.0 85-80 2.545 0.384 86.9 13i1 — 2.929 — 100.0 80-75 3.742 TZ hide 22.9 0.522 4.332 10.7 89.3 75-70 4.414 2.326 65.5 34.5 2.604 4.136 38.6 61.4 70-65 2.456 6.116 28.7 7s) 6.816 1.756 79.5 20.5 65-60 33123 7.210 SEZ 69.8 10.301 0.032 99.7 0.3 60-55 5.399 6.613 45.0 55.0 12.006 0.006 99.9 0.1 55-50 5.529 8.066 40.7 59.3 13.388 0.207 98.5 1.5 50-45 6.612 8.458 43.8 56.2 14.693 0.377 97.5 2 45-40 8.411 8.016 512 48.8 15.833 0.594 96.4 3.6 40-35 10.029 7.627 56.8 43.2 16.483 1.173 93.4 6.6 35-30 10.806 7.943 57.7 42.3 15.782 2.967 84.2 15.8 30-25 11.747 7.952 59.6 40.4 15.438 4.261 78.4 21.6 25-20 13.354 7.145 65.2 34.8 15.450 5.049 75.4 24.6 20-15 14.981 6.164 70.8 29.2 16.147 4.998 76.4 23.6 15-10 16.553 5.080 76.5 23.5 VAAN 4.422 79.6 20.4 10- 5 16.628 5.332 75.7 24.3 16.898 5.062 76.9 PAY 5-0 17.387 4.737 78.6 21.4 16.792 5.332 75.9 24.1 90- 0° 154.695 100.281 60.7 39.3 206.364 48.611 80.9 19.1 All oceans and seas 361.059 & 10° km.?, 70.8 percent. All land 148.892 x 10° km.’, 29.2 percent. 1 Kossinna, Erwin, Die Tiefen des Weltmeeres. Berlin Univ., Inst. f. Meereskunde, Veroff., N. F., A. Geogr.-naturwiss. Reihe, Heft 9, 1921. SMITHSONIAN METEOROLOGICAL TABLES TABLE 165 485 SCALE VARIATION FOR STANDARD MAP PROJECTIONS? Three map projections are widely used in meteorology, the polar stereographic, the Lambert conformal conic, and the Mercator, each of which is conformal. That is, the shape of any small area on the map is the same as the shape of the corresponding small area of the earth, all angles are preserved (except at the pole on the Lambert and Mercator projections), and the scale is the same in all directions at any point, a function only of the latitude of the point for a given assumed figure of the earth. Am = skAn where: An = (small) distance on the earth, Am = corresponding (small) distance on the map, s=map scale at standard parallel, k= scale factor for latitude in question. Values of & are tabulated below assuming the figure of the earth to be spherical and assuming the figure to be that of the International Ellipsoid of Reference. Latitude Lambert conformal Polar stereographic Mercator projection conic projection projection Standard parallel Standard parallels Standard parallel 224° 30° and 60° 60° Sphere Inter- Sphere Inter- Sphere Inter- national national national ellipsoid ellipsoid ellipsoid k k k k k k 0° 0.924 0.924 1.283 1.281 1.866 1.860 5 0.927 0.928 1.210 1.208 1.716 1.712 10 0.938 0.938 1.149 1.148 1.590 1.586 15 0.956 0.957 1.099 1.098 1.482 1.480 20 0.983 0.983 1.058 1.058 1.390 1.388 25 1.019 1.019 1.025 1.025 1312 1.310 30 1.067 1.066 1.000 1.000 1.244 1.243 35 1.128 1.127 0.982 0.982 1.186 1.185 40 1.206 1.205 0.970 0.970 1.136 1e136 45 1.307 1.305 0.966 0.966 1.093 1.093 50 1.437 1.435 0.968 0.969 1.057 1.057 55 1.611 1.608 0.979 0.979 1.026 1.026 60 1.848 1.844 1.000 1.000 1.000 1.000 65 2.186 2.181 1.033 1.033 0.979 0.979 70 2.701 2.694 1.084 1.083 0.962 0.962 75 3.570 3.560 1.162 1.162 0.949 0.949 80 5.320 5.306 1.293 1.292 0.940 0.940 85 10.600 10.570 1.566 1.564 0.935 0.936 1Gregg, W. R., and Tannehill, I. R., Month. Weath. Rev., vol. 65, p. 415, 1937. (Some values in the original paper have been corrected by recomputation.) SMITHSONIAN METEOROLOGICAL TABLES 486 TABLE 166 RADIUS OF CURVATURE ON A POLAR STEREOGRAPHIC PROJECTION In computing gradient wind speeds (Table 40) and in other problems it is necessary to determine a factor r which depends on curvature of the trajectory. This factor arises in taking account of the horizontal component of the centrifugal force acting on a particle. The problem is twofold: (1) to determine the trajectory of the particle on a map, and (2) to determine the required value of r if the trajectory on the map is known. The first problem is of such nature that it cannot be treated adequately here. (NotTe.—In many cases an approximation is made from the curvature of the isobars or streamlines.) The second problem has been solved for the case of a polar stereographic projection, since on this projection a “small circle’ on the earth projects as a circle on the map. Table 40 provides a means for computing the desired r for trajectories on a polar stereographic projection. Let R be the radius of the earth, r’ the true radius of the “small circle” on which the particle is assumed to be traveling at a given instant, and a its angular radius (as seen from the center of the earth). Then 7’ =F sin a. Since we are concerned with the hori- zontal component of the centrifugal force, the effective horizontal radius of the curvature required in the gradient wind equation is given by r=r’seca=Rtana. If an arc ona map representing the instantaneous trajectory of a particle of air is determined, this arc may be regarded as a portion of a “small circle.” To determine ry for a given arc of a trajectory on the map: 1. Complete the circle by extending the arc (a set of circular templates will prove very useful). 2. Find the meridian which passes through the center of this circle. 3. Determine the latitudes ¢: and ¢2 of the points where this meridian intersects the circle (extend the meridian across the pole if necessary). 4A. If the circle found in step 1 does not contain the pole, find the difference between ¢:1 and ¢2 and enter part A of the table with this difference as the argument. The corresponding tabular value is the required radius 7 in statute miles, from the formula r= RF tan43(¢1 — ¢2). 4B. If the circle found in step 1 contains the pole, find the sum (¢:-+ ¢2) and enter part B of the table with this sum as the argument. The corresponding tabular value is the required radius r in statute miles, from the formula r= FR tan [90° —4(¢1 + ¢2) }. (continued ) SMITHSONIAN METEOROLOGICAL TABLES TABLE 166 487 RADIUS OF CURVATURE ON A POLAR STEREOGRAPHIC PROJECTION A. Circle not including pole. di — Ga 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 mi. mi. mi. mi. mi. mi. mi. mi. mi. mi. 0° 0 35 69 104 138 173 207 242 277 311 10 346 381 416 451 486 521 556 591 627 662 20 698 733 769 805 841 877 914 950 987 1023 30 1060 1097) 1135 S720 1210 1248 1286 1324 1363 1401 40 1440 1479 1519 1559 1599 1639 1680 1721 1762 1803 50 1845 1887 1930 1973 2016 2060 2104 2148 2193 2239 60 2285 23319 237852425), 12473 2521 2570 2619 2669 2720 70 2771 2822 2875 2928 2982 3036 3092 3148 3204 3262 80 3320 3380 3440 3501 3563 3626 3690 3755 3821 3889 90 3957 B. Circle including pole. gr + ba 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 mi. mi. mi. mi. mi. mi. mi. mi. mi. mi. 0° 453433 226697 151110 113313 90631 75504 64697 56589 50278 10 45229 41093 37648 34730 32227 30057 28156 26477 24984 23646 20 22441 21350 20357 19449 18616 17849 17140 16482 15871 15301 30 14768 14269 13800 13358 12943 12550 12178 11826 11492 11174 40 10872 10583 10308 10045 9794 9553 9322 9100 8887 8683 50 8486 8296 8113 7937 7766 7601 7442 7288 7138 6994 60 6854 6718 6586 6457 6332 6211 6093 5978 5867 5757 70 5651 5547 5446 5347 5251 5157 5065 4975 4886 4800 80 4716 4633 4552 4473 4395 4318 4243 4170 4097 4027 90 3957 3889 3821 3755 3690 3626 3563 3501 3440 3380 100 3320 3262 3204 3148 3092 3036 2982 2928 2875 2822 110 2771 2720 2669 2619 2570 2521 2473 2425 2378 2331 120 2285 2239 2193 2148 2104 2060 2016 1973 1930 1887 130 1845 1803 1762 1721 1680 1639 1599 1559 1519 1479 140 1440 1401 1363 1324 1286 1248. ...1Z10.% 1272. 4135 5 1097 150 1060 1023 987 950 914 877 841 805 769 733 160 698 662 627 591 556 521 486 451 416 381 170 346 311 277 242 207 173 138 104 69 35 SMITHSONIAN METEOROLOGICAL TABLES 488 TABLES 167-168 ACCELERATION OF GRAVITY Acceleration of gravity at sea level—The International Association of Geodesy (Stock- holm, 1930) adopted the International Gravity Formula* to represent the acceleration of gravity at sea level. This formula assumes the figure of the earth to be that of the Inter- ‘national Ellipsoid of Reference * and the value of sea-level gravity at latitude 45° (gis) to be 980.629 cm. sec.” (Potsdam system).* Later summaries and investigations by Dryden?’ and Jeffreys * have indicated that this value is too high by from 12 to 20 parts per million. The best value of gis seems to be in the neighborhood of 980.616 cm. sec.” This latter has been published by Birge® in 1929 and 1941, and has been generally accepted by physicists and others. Resolution 77 of the I. M. O. Conference of Directors (Washington, 1947) states: The conference recommends that the International Meteorological Organization request the International Geodetic Association to advise on the value that should be adopted for gs and on the form of the equation connecting g with latitude and height. In 1949, in response to this request, W. D. Lambert, President of the International As- sociation of Geodesy, prepared a report on Gravity Formulas for Meteorological Purposes, and made the following recommendations: (1) That meteorologists adopt either 980.616 or 980.62 cm. sec.” to represent gravity at sea level in geographic latitude 45°. My own personal preference is for 980.616 cm. sec. and for two reasons: (a) It seems on the whole, as far as an outsider like myself can judge, to have been more frequently used than the round figure 980.62. (b) It represents a correction of — 0.013 cm. sec.” to the Potsdam system, which seems more in line with our present ideas as to the ultimate correction to the Potsdam system than the correction of — 0.009 cm. sec.” implied by the adoption of 980.62. (2) That meteorologists make every effort to obtain gravity observations at their weatict stations, so as to rid themselves of the inevitable uncertainty of predicted values. (3) That they apply the correction of — 0.013 or — 0.009 cm. sec. to such observed values, since these latter will for the present be on the Potsdam system. (4) That it be made very plain in all meteorological publications, especially in those likely to be read by non-meteorologists, that all gravity values, observed or theoretical, are on what might be called “The Meteorological Gravity System” and therefore require corrections of + 0.013 or + 0.009 cm. sec. to reduce them back to the Potsdam system for comparison with other values in general use. (5) That the coefficients in the formulas for theoretical gravity at sea level and for the decrease of gravity with elevation and for geopotential be based with mathe- matical rigor on whatever standard gravity may be adopted and on the dimen- sions of the International Ellipsoid of Reference. (6) That, whenever an observed value of gravity is not available at the meteorological station, a value of gravity should be predicted by interpolation between other ae stations in the vicinity and computed according to equation (2). (See elow. (7) That, whenever observed values of gravity are not available for either the meteoro- logical station or any other points within 25 to 50 miles from the meteorological station, a value of gravity should be predicted by computation according to equations (3) or (4). (See below.) Sea-level gravity formula—In view of the above, a value of gis = 980.616 cm. sec. has been adopted for this volume. The equation recommended by Lambert for the varia- tion of sea-level gravity with latitude in the “Meteorological Gravity System,” based on the International Ellipsoid of Reference, is 9 = 978.0356 (1 + 0.0052885 sin’s — 0.0000059 sin? 2¢) = 980.6160 (1 — 0.0026373 cos 2 + 0.0000059 cos’ 2%) (1) 1 Lambert, W. D., Amer. Journ. Sci., vol. 243-A, Daly volume, p. 360, 1945. 2 Lambert, W. D., and Swick, C. H., Formulas and tables for the computation of geodetic positions on the International Ellipsoid, Spec. Publ. 200, U. S. Coast and Geod. Surv., Washington, 1935. 3 Dryden, H. L., Nat. Bur. Stand. Journ. Res., vol. 29, p. 303, 1942. 4 Jeffreys, H., Monthly Notices, Roy. Astron. Soc., Geophys. Suppl., vol. 5, No. 7, July, 1948. 5 Birge, R. T., Rev. Mod. Phys., vol. 13, p. 233, 1941, and Phys. Rev. Suppl., vol. 1, No. 1, 1929. (continued) SMITHSONIAN METEOROLOGICAL TABLES TABLES 167—168 (CONTINUED) 489 ACCELERATION OF GRAVITY where g¢ is the sea-level acceleration of gravity in cm. sec.~’, at latitude ¢. Tables 167 and 168 have been computed from equation (1). It is emphasized that all values of gs in this system are 0.013 cm. sec.” lower than those given by the Potsdam System (gss = 980.629 cm. sec.) which is now in universal use by geodesists. A discussion of the value of standard gravity to be used in reducing meteorological observations appears in the Introduction, page 3. Local acceleration of gravity—Three methods, in order of preference, for obtaining the local value of gravity gi at a given station are: 1. Observe gravity with a gravimeter or any other type of gravity apparatus. 2. Compute gravity by interpolation of Bouguer anomalies. (Equation (2).) 3. Compute theoretical gravity using a combination of the free-air and Bouguer re- ductions. (Equations (3) or (4).) Use of gravimeters——The rapid development of gravimeters in recent years has com- pletely changed the problem of values of gravity at meteorological stations. Over large parts of the land area of the globe it is no longer necessary to depend on theoretical values of gravity, with all their uncertainties. Nets of gravity stations are so widespread that existing meteorological stations can be readily tied into them. The determination of gravity differences by means of gravimeters is very rapid. (From the report to the I. M. O., by W. D. Lambert.) It is again to be emphasized that allowance must be made for the difference between the Potsdam system, the basis for the gravity station network, and the gravity system adopted by the meteorologist. In accordance with the system adopted in this volume, the correction to be applied to the Potsdam system is — 0.013 cm. sec.” Interpolation methods.°—For interpolation from known gravity values, the methods of using free-air anomalies, Bouguer anomalies, and isostatic anomalies will be the only ones considered here. Gravity anomaly data can be secured from the various national geodetic surveys. The free-air and the Bouguer anomalies are simple to compute: the gravity data furnished for any gravimetric survey includes either one of these two types of anomalies or both. The free-air anomaly is obtained by reducing the theoretical value of gravity at sea level for the latitude of the station to the elevation of the station, and then taking the difference between the observed and the theoretical values. The Bouguer anomaly is obtained by applying an additional correction for the horizontal slab of topography above sea level. Either the actual density of the terrain or some assumed average density is used to compute the effect of the topography. The isostatic anomaly includes, besides the correction for the elevation of station, the effect of the topography and some assumed distribution of compensating mass over the entire earth. Using either the interpolated isostatic anomalies or the interpolated Bouguer anomalies leads to gravity values which agree much better with the observed gravity values than using the interpolated free-air anomalies. There does not seem to be much choice between using the isostatic or the Bouguer anomalies. However since the Bouguer anomalies are much more generally available and since they are simpler to compute than the isostatic, the Bouguer interpolation method of obtaining gravity may be considered as the most satisfactory. Computation by interpolated Bouguer anomalies—The expression for local gravity, gx, using interpolated Bouguer anomalies is 91 = 96 — 0.0001968h + As (2) where gg is the sea-level value of gravity at the latitude of the station, h is the elevation of the station above sea level in meters, and Az is the interpolated Bouguer anomaly. If the gravity stations are spaced at a density greater than one station per 2,500 square miles, interpolation is usually fairly satisfactory. For a lower density of stations, theoreti- cal values of gravity are probably as good as or better than values of gravity derived from interpolation. ® Duerksen, J. A., U. S. Coast and Geodetic Survey, private communication, 1948. See also Swick, C. H., Pendulum gravity measurement and isostatic reductions. Svec. Publ. 232. U. S. Coast and Geod. Surv., Washington, 1942. (continued) SMITHSONIAN METEOROLOGICAL TABLES 490 TABLES 167-168 (CONCLUDED) ACCELERATION OF GRAVITY Computation of theoretical gravity for surface stations..—Three types of reduction, corresponding to the three types of interpolated gravity anomalies mentioned above, may be considered for the computation of theoretical values of gravity. A combination of using the free-air and the Bouguer reductions turns out to give the best results. This combination method consists of making a free-air reduction for the elevation of the station, and a Bouguer reduction for the difference of elevation of the station and the elevation of the general terrain. The equation is 91 = g¢ — 0.0003086h + 0.0001118(h — h’) (3) where h’ is the elevation of the general terrain for a radius of 100 miles, and the other symbols have the same meaning as in equation (2). A similar formula for sea stations is g: = g» — 0.0003086h — 0.0000688 (D — D’) (4) where D is the depth of water in meters below the station and D’ is the depth of water in meters of the general level of the sea bottom for a radius of 100 miles. Acceleration of gravity in the free air—Lambert® gives the following equation for computing the acceleration of gravity g (cm. sec.-”) at height Z meters above ’'sea level in the free air: 9 = 90 — (3.085462 X 10 + 2.27 X 10 cos 26)Z + (7.254 X 10 + 1.0 X 10“ cos 26) Z? — (1.517 X 10°74. 6 X 10 cos 24) Z? (5) 7 Computation of theoretical gravity in the free air is also discussed in Table 49. 8 Lambert, W. D., Formula for the geopotential including the effects of elevation and of the flattening of the earth, unpublished manuscript, Oct. 15, 1946. SMITHSONIAN METEOROLOGICAL TABLES TABLE 167 49] ACCELERATION OF GRAVITY AT SEA LEVEL 9¢ = 978.0356 (1 + 0.0052885 sin? ¢ — 0.0000059 sin’ 2¢) = 980.6160 (1 — 0.0026373 cos 2¢ + 0.0000059 cos’ 2¢) tude 0’ 10’ 20° 30’ 40’ 50’ cm. sec.-? cm. sec.-? cm. sec.~? cm. sec.~? cm. sec.~? cm. sec.—? 978.036 978.036 978.036 978.036 978.036 978.037 978.037 978.038 978.038 978.039 978.040 978.041 978.042 978.043 978.044 978.045 978.047 978.048 978.050 978.051 978.053 978.055 978.057 978.059 978.061 978.063 978.065 978.067 978.070 978.072 0 1 7 3 4 3 978.075 978.077 978.080 978.083 978.086 978.089 7 8 9 978.092 978.095 978.098 978.102 978.105 978.109 978.112 978.116 978.120 978.123 978.127 978.131 978.135 978.140 978.144 978.148 978.153 978.157 978.162 978.166 978.171 978.176 978.181 978.186 10 978.191 978.196 978.201 978.207 978.212 978.218 11 978.223 978.229 978.234 978.240 978.246 978.252 12 978.258 978.264 978.271 978.277 978.283 978.290 13 978.296 978.303 978.310 978.316 978.323 978.339 14 978.337 978.344 978.351 978.358 978.366 978.373 15 978.381 978.388 978.396 978.403 978.411 978.419 16 978.427 978.435 978.443 978.451 978.459 978.468 17 978.476 978.484 978.493 978.501 978.510 978.519 18 978.528 978.536 978.545 978.554 978.563 978.572 19 978.582 978.591 978.600 978.610 978.619 978.629 20 978.638 978.648 978.658 978.667 978.677 978.687 21 978.697 978.707 978.717 978.728 978.738 978.748 22 978.759 978.769 978.780 978.790 978.801 978.812 23 978.822 978.833 978.844 978.855 978.866 978.877 24 978.888 978.899 978.911 978.922 978.933 978.945 25 978.956 978.968 978.979 978.991 979.002 979.014 26 979.026 979.038 979.050 979.062 979.074 979.086 27 979.098 979.110 979.122 979.135 979.147 979.159 28 979.172 979.184 979.197 979.209 979.222 979.234 29 979.247 979.260 979.273 979.286 979.298 979.311 30 979.324 979.337 979.350 979.364 979.377 979.390 31 979.403 979.416 979.430 979.443 979.456 979.470 32 979.483 979.497 979.510 979.524 979.538 979.551 33 979.565 979.579 979.593 979.606 979.620 979.634 34 979.648 979.662 979.676 979.690 979.704 979.718 35 979.732 979.746 979.760 979.775 979.789 979.803 36 979.817 979.832 979.846 979.860 979.875 979.889 S¥/ 979.904 979.918 979.933 979.947 979.962 979.976 38 979.991 980.005 980.020 980.035 980.049 980.064 39 980.079 980.093 980.108 980.123 980.138 980.152 40 980.167 980.182 980.197 980.212 980.226 980.241 41 980.256 980.271 980.286 980.301 980.316 980.331 42 980.346 980.361 980.376 980.391 980.406 980.421 43 980.436 980.451 980.466 980.481 980.496 980.511 44 980.526 980.541 980.556 980.571 980.586 980.601 45 980.616 980.631 980.646 980.661 980.676 980.691 46 980.706 980.721 980.736 980.751 980.766 980.781 47 980.796 980.811 980.826 980.841 980.856 980.871 48 980.886 980.901 980.916 980.931 980.946 980.961 49 980.976 980.991 981.006 981.021 981.036 981.050 50 981.065 981.080 981.095 981.110 981.124 981.139 (continued) SMITHSONIAN METEOROLOGICAL TABLES TABLE 167 (CONCLUDED) ACCELERATION OF GRAVITY AT SEA LEVEL 96 = 978.0356 (1 + 0.0052885 sin? ¢ — 0.0000059 sin’ 29) = 980.6160 (1 — 0.0026373 cos 2¢ + 0.0000059 cos? 2¢) 492 0’ Lati tude cm, sec.-? 50° 981.065 51 981.154 52 981.242 53 981.329 54 981.416 55 981.501 56 981.586 57 981.669 58 981.751 59 981.831 60 981.911 61 981.988 62 982.064 63 982.138 64 982.210 65 982.281 66 982.349 67 982.415 68 982.479 69 982.541 70 982.601 71 982.658 72 982.712 73 982.764 74 982.813 75 982.860 76 982.904 77 982.945 78 982.983 79 983.019 80 983.051 81 983.081 82 983.107 83 983.131 84 983.151 85 983.168 86 983.183 87 983.194 88 983.202 89 983.206 90 983.208 10’ cm. sec.-? 981.080 981.169 981.257 981.344 981.430 981.515 981.600 981.683 981.764 981.845 981.924 982.001 982.076 982.150 982.222 982.292 982.360 982.426 982.490 982.551 982.610 982.667 982.721 982.772 982.821 982.868 982.911 982.952 982.990 983.024 983.056 983.085 983.111 983.134 983.154 983.171 983.185 983.195 983.203 983.207 SMITHSONIAN METEOROLOGICAL TABLES 20" cm. sec.-? 981.095 981.183 981.271 981.358 981.444 981.529 981.613 981.696 981.778 981.858 981.937 982.014 982.089 982.162 982.234 982.304 982.371 982.437 982.500 982.561 982.620 982.676 982.730 982.781 982.829 982.875 982.918 982.958 982.996 983.030 983.061 983.090 983.116 983.138 983.157 983.174 983.187 983.197 983.204 983.207 30" cm. sec.-? 981.110 981.198 981.286 981.373 981.459 981.544 981.627 981.710 981.791 981.871 981.950 982.026 982.101 982.175 982.246 982.315 982.382 982.448 982.511 982.571 982.629 982.685 982.738 982.789 982.837 982.882 982.925 982.965 983.001 983.035 983.066 983.094 983.119 983.141 983.160 983.176 983.189 983.198 983.204 983.208 40" cm. sec.-? 981.124 981.213 981.300 981.387 981.473 981.558 981.641 981.724 981.805 981.884 981.962 982.039 982.114 982.187 982.258 982.327 982.393 982.458 982.521 982.581 982.639 982.694 982.747 982.797 982.845 982.890 982.932 982.971 983.007 983.041 983.071 983.099 983.123 983.145 983.163 983.178 983.190 983.199 983.205 983.208 50! cm. sec.-? 981.139 981.227 981.315 981.401 981.487 981.572 981.655 981.737 981.818 981.897 981.975 982.051 982.126 982.198 982.269 982.338 982.404 982.469 982.531 982.591 982.648 982.703 982.756 982.805 982.852 982.897 982.938 982.977 983.013 983.046 983.076 983.103 983.127 983.148 983.166 983.181 983.192 983.201 983.206 983.208 RELATIVE ACCELERATION OF GRAVITY AT SEA LEVEL TABLE 168 493 Ratio of the acceleration of gravity at sea level for each 10’ of latitude, to its accelera- tion at latitude 45° 9 Z i: gss 980.616 rail 0’ 10’ 03 0.997369 0.997369 1 .997370 .997371 z 997375 .997376 3 .997383 .997385 4 997394 .997396 5 0.997408 0.997411 6 .997426 997429 7] 997447 .997450 8 .997470 997475 9 997497 997502 10 0.997527 0.997532 11 .997560 .997566 12 .997596 .997602 13 .997634 997641 14 .997676 .997683 15 0.997720 0.997728 16 .997768 997776 17 .997818 997826 18 .997870 .997879 19 997925 997935 20 0.997983 0.997993 21 998043 998054 22 998106 998117 23 .998171 998182 24 998238 998249 25 0.998307 0.998319 26 .998379 998391 27 998452 998464 28 998527 998540 29 .998604 998617 30 0.998683 0.998696 31 .998763 998777 32 998845 998859 33 998928 .998942 34 999013 999027 35 0.999099 0.999113 36 .999186 .999200 37 999274 .999288 38 999362 999377 39 999452 999467 40 0.999542 0.999557 41 999633 999648 42 .999724 .999740 43 .999816 999831 44 .999908 .999923 45 1.000000 1.000015 SMITHSONIAN METEOROLOGICAL TABLES 20’ 0.997369 997371 997377 .997386 997399 0.997414 997433 997454 997479 997507 0.997538 0.997736 .997784 .997835 .997888 .997944 0.998003 998064 998127 .998193 998261 0.998331 0.998709 .998790 998873 998956 999041 0.999128 999215 .999303 999392 999482 0.999572 999663 .999755 999847 999939 1.000031 (continued) 30’ 0.997369 997372 .997379 .997388 997401 0.997417 997512 0.997543 997577 997615 .997655 997698 0.997744 997792 997844 .997898 997954 0.998013 0.998343 998415 998489 998565 .998643 0.998723 .998804 .998886 .998970 999056 0.999142 999229 .999318 .999407 999497 0.999588 999679 999770 .999862 .999954 1.000046 —_9¢ = 1 — 0,0026373 cos 2¢ + 0.0000059 cos? 2¢ 40’ 0.997369 997373 997380 997390 997403 0.997420 .997439 997462 997488 997517 0.997549 997583 997621 .997662 997705 0.997752 997801 997852 997907 997964 0.998023 .998085 .998149 998215 998284 0.998355 998427 .998502 998578 .998656 0.998736 998818 .998900 .998985 .999070 0.999156 999244 .999333 .999422 .999512 0.999603 999694 999785 999877 .999969 1.000061 50’ 0.997370 997374 997381 997392 .997406 0.997423 997443 997466 .997492 997522 0.997554 .997589 .997628 .997669 997713 0.997760 .997809 997861 997916 .997973 0.998033 998095 .998160 998227 998296 0.998367 998440 998514 998591 .998670 0.998750 998831 998914 .998999 .999084 0.999171 999259 999347 999437 999527 0.999618 .999709 999801 999893 999985 1.000077 494 TABLE 168 RELATIVE ACCELERATION OF GRAVITY AT SEA LEVEL (CONCLUDED) Ratio of the acceleration of gravity at sea level for each 10’ of latitude, to its accelera- tion at latitude 45° BS dig gs 980.616 ae 0’ 10’ 45° 1.000000 1.000015 46 1.000092 1.000107 47 1.000184 1.000199 48 1.000276 1.000291 49 1.000367 1.000382 50 1.000458 1.000473 51 1.000549 1.000564 52 1.000638 1.000653 53 1.000727 1.000742 54 1.000816 1.000830 55 1.000903 1.000917 56 1.000989 1.001003 57 1001074 ‘1.001088 58 1.001157 1.001171 59 1.001239 1.001253 60 1.001320 1.001333 61 1.001399 1.001412 62 1.001477. 1.001489 63 1.001552 1.001565 64 1.001626 1.001638 65 1.001698 1.001709 66 1.001767 1.001779 67 1.001835 1.001846 68 1.001900 —«*1.001911 69 1.001963 1.001973 70 1.002024 1.002034 71 1.002082 1.002091 72 1.002137 —-1.002146 73 1.002190 1002199 74 1.002241 1.002249 75 1.002288 1,002296 76 1.002333 ‘1.002340 77 1.002375 1.002382 78 1.002414 1.002420 79 1.002450 1.002456 80 1.002483 1.002489 81 1.002514 1.002518 82 1.002541 1.002545 83 1.002565 1.002568 84 1,002585 1002588 85 1.002603 1.002606 86 1002617 1.002620 87 1.002629 1.002630 88 1.002637 1.002638 89 1.002642 1.002642 90 1.002643 SMITHSONIAN METEOROLOGICAL TABLES 20’ 1.000031 1.000123 1.000215 1.000306 1.000398 1.000488 1.000579 1.000668 1.000757 1.000845 1.000932 1.001017 1.001102 1.001185 1.001267 1.001347 1.001425 1.001502 1.001577 1.001650 1.001721 1.001790 1.001857 1.001921 1.001984 1.002043 1.002101 1.002155 1.002208 1.002257 1.002304 1.002348 1.002388 1.002427 1.002462 1.002494 1.002523 1.002549 1.002572 1.002592 1.002608 1.002622 1.002632 1.002639 1.002642 30’ 1.000046 1.000138 1.000230 1.000322 1.000413 1.000503 1.000594 1.000683 1.000772 1.000859 1.000946 1.001031 1.001116 1.001199 1.001280 1.001360 1.001438 1.001515 1.001589 1.001662 1.001733 1.001801 1.001868 1.001932 1.001994 1.002053 1.002110 1.002164 1.002216 1.002265 1.002311 1.002355 1.002395 1.002433 1.002467 1.002499 1.002527 1.002553 1.002575 1.002595 1.002611 1.002623 1.002633 1.002640 1.002643 = 1 — 0.0026373 cos 2¢ + 0.0000059 cos’ 2¢ 40’ 1.000061 1.000153 1.000245 1.000337 1.000428 1.000518 1.000609 1.000698 1.000786 1.000874 1.000960 1.001046 1.001130 1.001212 1.001293 1.001373 1.001451 1.001527 1.001602 1.001674 1.001744 1.001813 1.001879 1.001942 1.002004 1.002063 1.002119 1.002173 1.002224 1.002273 1.002319 1.002361 1.002402 1.002439 1.002473 1.002504 1.002532 1.002557 1.002579 1.002597 1.002613 1.002625 1.002634 1.002640 1.002643 50’ 1.000077 1.000169 1.000260 1.000352 1.000443 1.000534 1.000623 1.000713 1.000801 1.000888 1.000975 1.001060 1.001143 1.001226 1.001307 1.001386 1.001464 1.001540 1.001614 1.001686 1.001756 1.001824 1.001889 1.001953 1.002014 1.002072 1.002128 1.002182 1.002233 1.002281 1.002326 1.002368 1.002408 1.002445 1.002478 1.002509 1.002536 1.002561 1.002582 1.002600 1.002615 1.002627 1.002636 1.002641 1.002643 TABLE 169 495 EPHEMERIS OF THE SUN? All data are for O” Greenwich Civil Time in the year 1950. Variations of these data from year to year are negligible for most meteorological purposes, the largest variation occurs through the 4-year leap-year cycle. The year 1950 was selected to represent a mean condition in this cycle. The declination of the sun is its angular distance north (+) or south (—) of the celestial equator. The longitude of the sun is the angular distance of the meridian of sun from the vernal equinox (mean equinox of 1950.0) measured eastward along the ecliptic. The equation of time (apparent — mean). is the correction to be applied to mean solar time in order to obtain apparent (true) solar time. The radius vector of the earth is the distance from the center of the earth to the center of the sun expressed in terms of the length of the semimajor axis of the earth’s orbit. 1U. S. Naval Observatory, The American ephemeris and nautical almanac for the year 1950, Washington, 1948. EPHEMERIS OF THE SUN Decli- Longi- Equation Radius Date Decli- Longi- Equation Radius Date nation tude of time vector nation tude of time vector ° y 2 uM m. Ss. : Y . d m. s. Jan. 1 —23 4 280 1 —3 14 0.98324 Feb. 1 —17 19 311 34 —13 34 0.98533 B22. 42 284 5 5 6 .98324 5016 10315%37..> 4 2) 98593 OR 2213) 283) 110 6 50 = .98333 9 14 55 319 40 14 17 98662 ISiemele 37 29214 81-27) 98352 13 ae 13.37 S23243 -° 14 20) 298738 17. "120" 54. 296.19 9 54 .98378 179 12) 158327546") 14910 P9889 21,920) 15500823, 7 11° 10) 98410 21 10) 5033315748 > 13) 50) 98503 25 19 9 304 27 12 14 = .98448 25 9. 23 133549) ~ 13, 19." 98901 PO 1s 18 (S08) 31 13 5 .98493 Mar. 1 — 7 53 339 51 —12 38 0.99084 Apr. 1 + 4 14 10 42 — 4 12 0.99928 5 6 21 343° 51 11 48 .99182 5 5 46 14 39 3 1 1.00043 9 4 48 347 51 10 51 .99287 9 LV NS35 1 52 1.00160 13 3 14-351" 51 9 49 99396 13 8 46 22 30 — 0 47 1.00276 17 dt. 39 355-50 8 42 .99508 17.4 105.12, © 262:25.4-— 0 13), 51200390 21 —0O 5 359 49 7 32 .99619 21 kesh si). Av 1 6 1.00500 Por 1S) = 3! 47 6 20 .99731 25 12 56 34 14 1 53 1.00606 29 3 4 7 44 5 7 99843 Do 1413) 38. 67 2 33 1.00708 (continued) SMITHSONIAN METEOROLOGICAL TABLES 496 TABLE 169 (CONCLUDED) EPHEMERIS OF THE SUN Decli- Longi- Equation Radius Decli- Longi- uation Radius Date nation tude of time vector Date nation tude of time vector ° , ° ’ m. 8. us LU © Z m,. s. May 1 +14 50 40 4 +2 50 1.00759 June 1 +21 57 69 56 + 2 27 1.01405 5 =il6> 2-- 431056 3 17 1.00859 Salt 22 828 7S h46 1 49 1.01465 9° 17) 9-47-48 3 35 1.00957 OY 22 152 aio 1 6 1.01518 13 Liev 140 3 44 1.01051 13. 23 10 81 25 + 0 18 1.01564 17, 9p eS oeo2 3 44 1.01138 17. 23 22 85 15 — 0 33 1.0160 Dlise' ZOE ZIP S923 3 34 1.01218 Ze 2327 2 SONA: 1 25 1.01630 25 20 49 63 14 3 16 1.01291 2523 259253 2 17 1.01646 29% si21 8300567 4 2 51 1.01358 290) 82351796 Al 3. 7 1.01662 July 1 +23 10 98 36 — 3 31 1.01667 Aug. 1 +18 14 128 11 — 6 17 1.01494 Sw 22e52 M0224 4 16 1.01671 Sie Zone wisZreO 5 59 1.01442 922128 106.13 4 56 1.01669 Oe 16) 16185050 5 33 1.01384 1S ZI Oza LON 2 5 30 1.01659 3a 14° SS also 4 57 1.01318 I AL WAL TU Gal 5 57 1.01639 7pm 13) 443531 4 12 1.01244 21 20 38 117 40 6 15 1.01610 21 1223), La7eee 3 19 1.01163 250) 19 SOmIZI15 29 6 24 1.01573 Dey ik, ali ad 2 18 1.0107€ 29 AS57259 6 23 1.01530 29 Lars SEN ss) = BS) 1 10 1.00986 Sept. 1 + 8 35 157 59 — 0 15 1.00917 Oct. 1 — 2 53 187 14 +10 1 1.001148 5 7k LT LOLYy 52 yey | 2* 1.00822 5) 4 26 191 11 11 17 1.00001 9 5 37 165 45 2 22 1.00723 9 5 58 195 7 12 27 0.99888 13 4 6 169 38 3 45 1.00619 13 7 29 199 § 13 30 .997748 17 2 S42 el7Sea2 5 10 1.00510 17 8 58 203 3 14 25 .99659% 21 Ft> Ne) WelZ726 6 35 1.00397 21 10° 25, «207501 15 10 99544 25 — 0 32 181 21 8 0 1.00283 25. 11 50 211 0 15 46 .9943m 29 2) 6 i850 916 9 22 1.00170 29... 13; 12,214.59 « J6>10\ 5°993Sam Nov. 1 —14 11 217 59 +16 21 0.99249 Dec. 1 —21 41 248 13 +11 16 0.98604 Bie US 5272224 Oe Gi) 2.991150 5.46 22+ 16. 2527216 9 43 .98546 9» 16 7387226.) 1 16 12 .99054 9) ey 22; 45).:256520 8 1. .98494— TS. c2 17 45092300" 2 oy 15):47 5 98960 13) 5p 23) 6: 1260524 6 12 .98446— 17. 18 48 234 4 #=«115 10 .98869 Winn, 23 2026428 4 17 .98405— 21 19 45 238 6 14 18 .98784 21 es 23) 26) 26852 2 19 .98372> 25% 20) 3672420 8 be 13515) 1298706 25 23 25 272 37 +0 20 .98348m 29 = 21 1214246; 11 11 59 98636 29 23 17 276 41 —1 39 .98334)) SMITHSONIAN METEOROLOGICAL TABLES TABLE 170 497 SOLAR ALTITUDE AND AZIMUTH The altitude and azimuth of the sun are given by sina =sin¢ sind + cos ¢cosécosh (1) and sin a = — cos dsinh/cosa (2) where a=altitude of the sun (angular elevation above the horizon), ¢ = latitude of the observer, 6 = declination of the sun, h=hour angle of sun (angular distance from the meridian of the observer), a = azimuth of the sun (measured eastward from north). From equations (1) and (2) it can be seen that the altitude and azimuth of the sun are functions of the latitude of the observer, the time of day (hour angle) and the date (declination). Table 170 provides a series of charts, one for each 5 degrees of latitude (except 5°, 15°, 75°, and 85°) giving the altitude and azimuth of the sun as a function of the true solar time and the declination of the sun in a form originally suggested by Hand.’ Linear interpolation for intermediate latitudes will give results within the accuracy to which the charts can be read. On these charts, a point corresponding to the projected position of the sun is deter- mined from the heavy lines corresponding to declination and solar time. To find the solar altitude and azimuth: 1. Select the chart or charts appropriate to the latitude. 2. Find the solar declination 6 corresponding to the date in question from Table 169. 3. Determine the true solar time as follows: (a) To the local standard time (zone time) add 4 minutes for each degree of longi- tude the station is east of the standard meridian or subtract 4 minutes for each degree west of the standard meridian to get the local mean solar time. (b) To the local mean solar time add algebraically the equation of time obtained from Table 169; the sum is the required true solar time. 4. Read the required altitude and azimuth at the point determined by the declination and the true solar time. Interpolate linearly between two charts for intermediate latitudes. It should be emphasized that the solar altitude determined from these charts is the true geometric position of the center of the sun. At low solar elevations terrestrial refraction may considerably alter the apparent position of sun. Under average atmos- pheric refraction the sun will appear on the horizon when it actually is about 34’ below the horizon; the effect of refraction decreases rapidly with increasing solar elevation. Since sunset or sunrise is defined as the time when the upper limb of the sun appears on the horizon, and the semidiameter of the sun is 16’, sunset or sunrise occurs under average atmospheric refraction when the sun is 50’ below the horizon. In polar regions especially, unusual atmospheric refraction can make considerable variation in the time of sunset or sunrise. The 90° N. chart is included for interpolation purposes, the azimuths lose their direc- tional significance at the pole. Altitude and azimuth in southern latitudes—To compute solar altitude and azimuth for southern latitudes, change the sign of the solar declination and proceed as above. The resulting azimuths will indicate angular distance from south (measured eastward) rather than from north. 1 Hand, I. F., Heating and Ventilating, vol. 45, p. 86, 1948. (continued) SMITHSONIAN METEOROLOGICAL TABLES 498 TABLE 170 (CONTINUED) SOLAR ALTITUDE AND AZIMUTH P. ims L] 190 souTH 170 SMITHSONIAN METEOROLOGICAL TABLES TABLE 170 (CONTINUED) 499 SOLAR ALTITUDE AND AZIMUTH 10° N. 350 NORTH 49 16 Approx. dates 190 souTtH 170 29007" shane 22 +20° May 21, July 24 +15° May 1, Aug. 12 +10 Apr. 16, Aug. 28 + 5° Apr. 3, Sept. 10 0° Mar: 21, Sept. 23 — 5° Mar. 8, Oct. 6 —10° Feb. 23, Oct. 20 —15° Feb. i 2s 3 5 20° agi sp MAnOHIH Sito oe- 27 | et, ad a Complete data in Table 169. 190 soutH 170 SMITHSONIAN METEOROLOGICAL TABLES (continued) 500 TABLE 170 (CONTINUED) SOLAR ALTITUDE AND AZIMUTH 1 -_Noon_.11 8. D4 ZS ES [i\ 1 Approx. dates 190 souTH 170 ++23°27" June 122 +20° May 21, July 24 +15° ay 1, Aug. 12 +10° Apr. 16, Aug. 28 + 5° Apr. 3, Sept. 10 0° ar. 21, Sept. 23 — 5° Mar. 8, Oct. 6 —10° Feb. 23, Oct. 20 —15° Feb. 9, Nov. 3 i an. 21, Nov. 22 —20 J —23° 27’ Dec. 22 Complete data in Table 169. [oo 7 * Pas 1.24 Qo py 4 > Y DEERE SS oS peat woe uy [|] || 20 Aine a July 24 ay » July 2 May 1, Aug. 12 : Apr. 16, Aug. 28 Sy ae 3, Sept. 10 0° ar. 21, Sept. 23 — 5° Mar. 8, Oct. 6 —10° Feb. 23, Oct. 20 —15° eb. 9) he 3 —20° Win ile A 50° N. 350 NORTH 10 —23° 27° i mae Complete data in Table 169. 190 souTH 170 SMITHSONIAN METEOROLOGICAL TABLES (continued) TABLE 170 (CONTINUED) 503 SOLAR ALTITUDE AND AZIMUTH 55° N. 350 NORTH 10 Approx. dates ° ypEe 22 20 ay 21, July 24 +15° May 1, Aug. 12 +10° Apr. 16, Aug. 28 + 5° oe 3, Sept. 10 0° ar. 21, Sept. 23 — 5° Mar. 8, —10° Feb. 23, Oct. 20 —15° Feb. 9, Nov. 3 60° N. 350 NORTH 40 —20° Jan. 21, Nov. 22 —23° 27’ Dec. 22 Complete data in Table 169. 190 souTH 170 SMITHSONIAN METEOROLOGICAL TABLES continued) 504 TABLE 170 (CONTINUED) SOLAR ALTITUDE AND AZIMUTH 65° N. 350 NORTH 146 280A _/ \e iy ie oe WEST jp NG | | CAST ‘ SSE ecli atio Approx. dat 190 souTH 170 4+23°27' June 22 +20° May 21, July 24 +15° May 1, Aug. 1 +10° Apr. 16, Aug. 28 + 5° Apr. 3, Sept. 10 0° Mar. 21, Sept. 23 — 5° Mar. 8, Oct. 6 —10° Feb. 23, Oct. 20 voaent et Feb. Bs ee ao A NORTH —20° an. 21, Nov. Auge 10. Bie = 23727 Bec. 22 Complete data in Table 169. Bar as OO eR, Ne PROTA SOR EES l) 280 Ne aS \\/ ah \ 80 BR -ASSR eae 7 LT ATE e EAST 160 time 190 soytH 170 “SMITHSONIAN METEOROLOGICAL TABLES (continued) TABLE 170 (CONCLUDED) 505 SOLAR ALTITUDE AND AZIMUTH 350 NORTH 10 ead XS TIN CTA HIS Approx. dates o Q& oy al OS 2>reee SSSSGE PRReee oo 5 pmo 190 soutH 170 SMITHSONIAN METEOROLOGICAL TABLES 506 TABLES 171-174 DURATION OF DAYLIGHT, CIVIL TWILIGHT, AND ASTRONOMICAL TWILIGHT Daylight is defined as the interval between sunrise and sunset. The latter are con- sidered to cccur when the upper edge of the disk of the sun appears to be exactly on the horizon with an unobstructed horizon and normal atmospheric refraction. It is assumed that the upper edge of the sun appears on the horizon when the true center of the sun’s disk is 50’ below the horizon, this corresponds to assuming a semidiameter of 16’ and a constant refraction of 34’. Civil twilight is defined as the interval between sunrise or sunset and the time when the true position of the center of the sun is 6° below the horizon, at which time stars and planets of the first magnitude are just visible and darkness forces the suspension of normal outdoor activities. Astronomical twilight is defined as the interval between sunrise or sunset and the time when the true position of the center of the sun is 18° below the horizon, at which time stars of the sixth magnitude are visible near the zenith and generally there is no trace on the horizon of the twilight glow. Tables 171-174 (including graphs) have been extracted from a publication of the Nautical Almanac Office.2 The data were computed for longitude 90° W. for the year 1966; however, there will be no appreciable error in using these tables for other localities or for other years during the remainder of the twentieth century in determining the duration of daylight or twilight. For latitudes greater than 65° the data are given in graphical form. At these higher latitudes the data become increasingly uncertain, small changes in atmospheric refrac- tion can cause relatively large changes in the actual phenomena, as can small errors in latitude, and the graphs give a clearer picture of the phenomena. Where the graphs are difficult to read accurately the phenomenon itself is uncertain. These large uncertainties are inevitable consequences of the physical circumstances and are not due to the inade- quacy of the graphs. Tables 171-173 may be used for Southern Latitudes by entering the tables not with the actual date but with a date about 6 months earlier or later as given in Table 174. For a historical summary of the various definitions of twilight and a description of associated phenomena see Kimball.’ 1 Tables of sunrise, sunset and twilight, Supplement to the American ephemeris, 1946, U. S. Naval Observatory, Washington, 1945. 3 Kimball, Herbert H., Month. Weath. Rev., vol. 44, pp. 614-620, 1916. SMITHSONIAN METEOROLOGICAL TABLES TABLE 171 DURATION OF DAYLIGHT (See p. 506 for discussion and explanation of table.) Day Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr. May June July Aug. Sept. Oct. of SAOut hee eo th. nem, uns. Uehsm: subs m. Lhwunr sohsum:) 9 she my hie: Latitude 0° 1 1207 1207 1207 1206 1206 1207 1207 1207 1206 12 06 5 W2a07 SH2007 SA2-07 212/07 e2907 12507 + 12)07 442) 06 1312 07 11207 9 HenOP e207 12,07 12°07 12 07° 12:08. 12°07, 12°07 12 07. 12°07 13 R207 21207 © 12507 | 12107 212.07 612108912907 112.06 51206" 12 07 17 12507 542,07 £12:07 912-07 912,07 412107 2 108.. 12:06; 12807 «12:07 21 1207 1207 1207 1207 1207 1207 1207 1206 1206 1207 25 12°07 1207 1206 1206 1207 1207 1207 1206 1206 12.07 29 120070) 32007-21206 12 07 12°07 12:07 12.07 12,06 12 07 «1207 Latitude 5° N. 1 WivDl ells 212,01 012 10 012 18.12 24 12 247 12:20 12 12. 12 04 5 Hit! Peles mlz 0S gl2 11 S12 AO 12 2454225 942) 20012 11 ©1203 9 Meee, 12°03. 12 12 “12191224 “1224 "12-1912 11 “1202 13 Pio zatlp57 Pat2) 05 p23 yil221 12924 2: 23 SPAS 1240 $2 101 17 Mipo2 ples 912,'05.542°14 542-21 12 25 6 12-23 1 A216) 12/095 12:01 21 GS Melt 1207 AZ IS ANZ 22 ple on 222 oh 16a 207 onl th 59 25 meso ce) OO 12708 12 16 "12°22, 12°25 12 21" 12,14 "12 06. “11 58 29 Piss e Ol IZ 09° 12°17 1223, 12 25 12 21 12-14 12°05 all 57. Latitude 10° N 1 Pigs slea2 ~Lie56 21214 12 29°12 40 12 42 '$12/33 “1218 312 02 5 bits tad IS 12 16 12 Bl V2 "41 12-41 12 32 12 169-1200 9 Biro 146 512900 “12018 V12 93312942 12°40 "12°30" 12°14 1158 13 1396 acl A8 9 12.03 12 20 12, 34-1242 012 40 012 28.4 12)12.11 56 17 ead lle sO 2705 22522 12-35 12742 12987 1272612 09 153 21 leo ble A207 PAZ 24 12 137 27430 12 3/1224 12708 el 25 Piso elie 54 A209 D12026 12738 2743912736 129221205 1 50 29 Pips 156-12 12° 12527 12.39. 12 43 12°35 12 20° 12 03 414s Latitude 15° N 1 AS els0 ME 51 62°16 412-40 12758-13500 12.47 12924) 1200 5 BDL a S2 el 16/54 812520 MAZ543 12 159 259 12-44 012 221 1 57 9 TIGES S35 L157 12/23 $2 45 1 SHO0 12°58 12142 12 18) 153 13 MIO ti 38.12 00 12°27 12.49. 1300.12.57 212,39. 12.05 21150 17 DUEZY Ped 141 11204 G12) 30 12951 71310112 156 12936 211 147 21 B29 U4 A207 12733112, 53° 013101 12553 2934 1208) 11443 25 EIG25 L147 WAZ A 912,36 1254013101 12951 127300 1205 F111 40 29 wea ME St 12 14. 1239 12 57 13 Of 12.49 12:27 1202 1138 Latitude 20° N. 1 1007 (11 16 GAP 45 12 20. 12 52) 13:16: 13 19 13 02: 12 32°11 57 5 DO159 vel 20 ell A912 725 9 11256n015 7 (913,119 12 158) 12 27) 11S3 9 11,00, 11,23 11 54 12.30 13 00.13 19 13,16. 12°55 12 23 11 49 13 mIGO2, lez, 1 59) 12°34 13°03) 13/20) 13 15) 12 St 12 18) tas 17 11.05 11,32 1203 12 38 1307 13 20 1312.12 48 1213 11 40 21 1U07 641,36 (12 07 12 AZ. AS09013 21 13 10,212 42; 1208) 11 35 25 PIAL pA G2 12 12 AG pl Sd2 013 21 : 13307 12138412 05.11 132 29 mies, 145) 12517 12-51 13 14 13°20 1305: 12°34 12,00) 11:27 Latitude 25° N. 1 ROUS7 tL 02 211939 112 24. 13705. 13 195 hls 40 VAS e1S 12038) L155 5 10739 211,07 11-45 - 12 30" 13.10; °13 3721339) 1313). ,12 335 08 149 9 10 41 1111 1150 12 36 1315 13 40 13 36 1309 1227 11 44 13 10 44 1117 1156 1242 1319 13 40 13 35 1304 12 22 11 38 17 OAT AA 22 A202 12 AZ 3323019 42) Sse pale oo gle oe Lh iad 21 ROOST, StL 28 ©1209 12) 525 27 13 41 13 28212 4 de LOD LL 27 25 TOSS 1 83 12) 14 12 (58 13 30-113 4113525" 12 48 12 04-22 29 1O"S9 = 4139 "12 20° 13''03'"13° 33!" 13' 4113 21° 12°42" 11°58 1116 (continued) SMITHSONIAN METEOROLOGICAL TABLES 507 508 Dey Jan. Feb. Mar. oath heem., | hem. sh.e)m: Latitude 30° N. 1 10 15 10 46 11 33 5 [Om lOn5S) te 40 9 1ORZT 1059 ie47 13 10 24 1105 11 54 17 LORZ7 A Zee 2302 21 TOSS elem 2 09) 25 0) S¥F TH A A NO 29 10°43 1133) 12524 Latitude 35° N. 1 09 51 10 30 11 26 5 09 53 10 37 11 34 9 09 57 1045 11 44 13 1OLO2Z MON Sse 52 17 1OROG Ae OLe AZ 01 21 10 11 1108 12 09 25 LOW 7 a7 2 lO 29 1OWZS IIE Z60e2 227 Latitude 40° N. 1 09°23: 10 10) 11 18 5 09 27 1019 11 28 9 09 31 10 28 11 38 13 0993600107375 eit50 17 09 42 10 47 12 00 21 09 49 1058 12 11 25 09 56 1107 12 21 29 LOKOS eel TALS al 2932 Latitude 42° N. 1 09 11 1002 11 14 5 OOM Saal Oe ase 26 9 09 19 1021 11 36 13 09 24 10 31 11 48 17 09 31 10 41 12 00 21 09 39 1052 12 11 25 O9F4OR RL INOSin2 123 29 09 55 1114 12 34 Latitude 44° N. 1 08 58 09 52 11 10 5 09 01 1003 11 22 9 09 06 1013 11 34 13 09 12 10 24 11 46 17 09 19 10 35 11 59 21 097277 10047 wala 25 OGES 5 ALONSO 2223 29 09 45 1110 12 36 Latitude 46° N. 1 08 43 09 42 11 06 5 08 47 09 53 11 20 9 OSPSSa vl OnOSageler oe 13 09 00 1017 11 46 17 09 07 +1029 11 58 21 09 15 10 42 12 12 25 09-25, 105Se a2 25 29 09 35 1106 12 38 TABLE 171 (CONTINUED) DURATION OF DAYLIGHT Apr. SMITHSONIAN METEOROLOGICAL TABLES May June Jy saa | eb ata 1320307 13, 26),13 59 13°31 1402 13 37 14 04 13 42 14 04 13 47 1405 13 50 14 05 13 55 14 03 13 35 14 21 13 43 14 25 13 50 14 27 13 57 14 30 14 03 14 30 14 09 14 31 1414 14 31 1419 14 29 13 54 14 49 14 02 14 53 1411 14 57 14 19 15 00 14 27 15 00 14 34 1501 14 40 15 01 14 45 1459 14 02 15 02 1412 15 07 14 21 15 10 14 29 15 12 14 37 15 14 14 45 15 15 1452 15 15 14157 (G15 13 14 11 15 16 14:21 115-21 14 31 15 24 14 40 15 28 14 49 15 29 14 47 15 29 15 04 15 29 19 il el527 14 21 15 30 14 (31 -.15 35 14 42 15 40 14 52 15 42 15 01 15 44 15 10° 15545 15 18 15 45 15 25 15 43 July h. m. 14 03 14 01 13 58 BESS) 13 52 13 48 13 43 13: 39 14 29 14 27 14 24 14 19 14 16 14 10 14 05 13759: 14 58 14 55 14 52 14 47 14 42 14 36 14 29 14 22 $5 11 15 09 15 04 14 59 14 54 14 48 14 40 14 32 15 26 15423 15 18 15 13 15 07 15 00 14 52 14 44 15 41 15 38 15 34 15 27 15 21 15:13 15 04 14 56 (continued) Aug. h, m. 13 34 13 29 L323 1 Sa7 1S 13 04 12 58 12 51 13 54 13 47 13 40 13 33 13 25 13 18 13 09 13 01 14 16 14 08 14 00 tsp 13 41 13 32 13 22 13 13 14 26 14 17 14 08 1359 13 49 13 38 13 28 1317 14 36 14 27 14 17 14 07 13 56 13 45 13 34 13 23 14 48 14 37 14 27 14 15 14 05 13:53 13 41 4) unrontn (=) oo —" nt p pS Jay Jan. onth h. m. 08 27 08 32 08 38 08 44 08 53 09 02 09 12 09 23 Ome WOMr OUR WOU (=) oo w co) 07 51 07 56 08 03 08 12 08 21 08 33 08 45 08 57 Omens WOU 07 29 07 35 07 43 07 52 08 03 08 15 08 28 08 42 On WouMr 07 05 07 11 07 20 07 30 07 43 07 56 08 10 08 25 WO Ur Ourn OMS WoMr fo) J — oo Feb. h. m. 09 32 09 43 09 56 10 09 10 21 10 35 10 49 11 02 Latitude 50° 09 20 09 33 09 46 10 00 10 15 10 28 10 43 10 58 09 08 09 21 09 36 09 51 10 05 10 21 10 37 10 52 08 53 09 09 09 24 09 40 09 57 10 14 10 30 10 48 08 20 08 37 08 56 09 16 09 35 09 55 10 15 10 35 Latitude 48° N. Latitude 52° N. Latitude 54° N. Latitude 56° N. Latitude 58° N. TABLE 171 (CONTINUED) DURATION OF DAYLIGHT Apr. ITHSONIAN METEOROLOGICAL TABLES May hy m, 14 31 14 42 14 54 15 05 15 15 15 24 iS 33 15 41 14 41 14 54 15 07 15 19 15 30 15 40 15 50 15 59 14 53 15 08 15°22 15 34 15 46 15 58 16 09 16 18 15 07 15 23 15 38 15 52 16 05 16 18 16 29 16 39 15. 22 15 39 15 56 16 11 16 26 16 40 16 53 17 04 15 39 L597 16 16 16 34 16 50 17 05 17 19 17 33 June h. m. 15 46 1552 15 57 16 00 16 02 16 03 16 03 16 00 16 04 16 11 16 16 16 20 16 22 16 23 16 21 16 20 16 24 16 31 16 37 16 41 16 43 16 44 16 43 16 41 16 46 16 54 July h. m. 15 59 15 55 15 50 15 43 15 36 15 28 15 18 15 08 16 18 16 13 16 08 16 01 15/53 15 44 15 34 15 22 16 39 16 34 16 28 16 21 16 11 16 02 15 50 15 38 17 03 16 58 16 51 16 43 16 33 16 22 16 10 15 56 17 3h 17 25 14: 17 17 08 16 57 16 44 16 31 16 16 18 03 17 56 17 47 Di37. 17 25 17 10 16 55 16 39 (continued) Aug. 510 TABLE 171 (CONTINUED) DURATION OF DAYLIGHT Day Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr. month ems | hem: chem. heim: Latitude 60° N. 1 06 03 08 00 10 28 13 17 5 0611 0819 1049 13 39 9 06 23 08 40 1111 1401 13 06 36 09 01 11 33 14 23 17 0651 09 23 1155 14 45 21 07 08 09 44 1218 15 05 25 07 26 1006 12 39 15 27 29 07 45 10 28 1301 15 48 Latitude 61° N. 1 05 43 07 48 10 24 13 20 5 05 53 08 09 1046 13 43 9 0605 08 31 1109 1405 13 06:20) \08:).53:-. Ti 32) 14/29 17 06.35 0915 1155 14 51 21 06 53 09 38 1218 15 13 25 07 12 1001 12 40 15 36 a8) 07 33 10 24 1303 15 59 Latitude 62° N. 1 05 21 07 36 1019 13 24 5 05 32 07 59 10 43 13 47 9 05 45 08 22 1107 1411 13 06 00 08 44 11 31 14 35 17 06 19 0908 1154 14 59 zy 06°38" .09 32) 12.18) 15) 22 25 06 58 0956 12 42 15 46 29 07°19) 10 19 13\ 06 16.09 Latitude 63° N. if 04 56 07 22 1014 13 27 5 05 08 07 47 10 39 13 52 9 05 23 0811 1105 14 17 13 05 40 08 36 1129 14 41 17 0559 0900 1154 15 07 21 06 20. 09 25 12 19) 15,32 25 06 42 09 50 12 44 15 56 29 0705 1014 1308 16 21 Latitude 64° N. 1 04 28 07 08 1010 13 31 5 04 41 07 33 10 36 13 57 9 0457 0800 1101 14 23 13 05:17 08 26 11-27 1449 17 05:39) 0805 Tiles4 S15 21 06 01 0917 1220 15 42 25 06 24 09 44 12 46 16 08 29 06 49 1010 1312 16 35 Latitude 65° N. 1 03 54 06 52 1004 13 35 5 0409 0719 10 32 14 02 9 04 29 07 47 1059 14 30 13 0450 08 14 1126 14 57 17 O5.15" O8°42— B53) 15:25 21 05 39 0909 1220 15 52 25 06 05 09 37 12 48 16 21 29 06 32 1004 13 14 16 49 SMITHSONIAN METEOROLOGICAL TABLES May he) im; 15 58 16 19 16 39 16 59 17 18 17 35 17 52 18 08 16 10 16 31 16 53 17 14 17 34 17 53 18 11 18 28 16 21 16 44 17 07 17 29 17 51 18 11 18 32 18 50 16 34 16 58 17 23 17 47 18 11 18 33 18 54 19 15 16 48 17 14 17 41 18 07 18 33 18 57 19 22 19 45 17 03 17 32 18 00 18 29 18 57 19 26 19 53 20 21 June h. m. July h. m. 18 43 18 36 18 25 18 12 W757 17 41 17 24 17 05 19 07 18 58 18 47 18 32 18 16 17 59 17 41 17 21 (continued) Aug. he mm: 16 51 16 32 16 11 15 50 15 30 15 09 14 48 14 26 17 05 16 44 16 23 16 02 15 39 1S: 17 14 55 14 32 17 21 16 58 16 35 16 12 15 50 13.26 15 03 14 39 17 37 17 14 16 49 16 25 16 00 15 36 15 11 14 46 17 56 17 30 17 04 16 38 16 12 15 46 15 20 14 54 18 17 17 49 1721 16 53 16 25 15 56 15 30 15 02 TABLE 171 (CONTINUED) 5il DURATION OF DAYLIGHT SUN ABOVE HORIZON 1 16 1 16 FEBRUARY MARCH APRIL 90° SUN ABOVE HORIZON (continued) SMITHSONIAN METEOROLOGICAL TABLES 512 TABLE 171 (CONCLUDED) DURATION OF DAYLIGHT SUN BELOW HORIZON 1 16 1 16 1 16 1 16 SEPTEMBER OCTOBER NOVEMBER. DECEMBER SMITHSONIAN METEOROLOGICAL TABLES DURATION OF CIVIL TWILIGHT TABLE 172 (See p. 506 for discussion and explanation of table.) Dey Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr. Bonth hyente ah) meh: me) 7h) m Latitude 0° 1 23 22 7 21 9 22 21 21 21 17 22 21 21 21 25 22 21 21 21 Latitude 5° N. 1 22 22 21 21 9 22 21 21 21 17 22 21 21 21 25 22 21 21 21 Latitude 10° N. 1 23 22 21 21 9 23 22 21 21 7; 22 21 21 21 25 22 21 21 22 Latitude 15° N. i 23 22 22 22, 9 23 22 21 22 17 23 22, 21 22 25 ZS 22 21 22 Latitude 20° N. 1 24 23 22 22 9 24 23 22 22 V7 24 22 22 23 25 23 22 22 23 Latitude 25° N. 1 25 24 23 23 9 25 24 23 23 17 25 23 25 23 25 24 23 23 24 Latitude 30° N. 1 26 25 24 24 9 26 25 24 24 17 26 24 24 25 25 25 24 24 25 Latitude 35° N. 1 28 27 25 26 9 28 26 25 26 17 27 26 25 26 25 27 26 25 27 Latitude 40° N. 1 30 29 27 27 9 30 28 27 28 17 30 28 Pai 28 25 29 27 27 29 Latitude 42° N. 1 32 30 28 28 9 31 29 28 29 17 31 29 28 29 25 30 28 28 30 SMITHSONIAN METEOROLOGICAL TABLES May June July hy meh. myerhs om: 22 22 23 22 23 22 22 23 22 22 23 22 22 22 23 22 23 23 22 23 22 22 23 22 22 23 23 22 23 23 22 23 23 23 23 22 22 23 24 23 24 24 23 24 23 23 24 23 230— Dau. 25 230 f950 A 24 25 24 24 25 24 24 26 26 25 26 26 25 26 25 25 26 25 25 27 27 26 27 27 26 28 27 Ci 27 26 27 29 30 28 30 29 28 30 29 29 30 28 29 OZ 33 30 33 32 31 33 32 32 33 31 31% 34Si § 34 gie | 3480 9 34 oe 34 os 33 535 32 (continued) Aug. 513 5] 4 TABLE 172 (CONTINUED) DURATION OF CIVIL TWILIGHT Day Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr. May June July Aug. Sept. Oct. Nov. Dec. month hm. hm eh ey ce ih bee sale dare ee heh Sa Gee oleh Tel a Latitude 44° N. 1 33 31 29 29 32 35 36 33 30 29 30 3 9 33 30 29 30 33 36 36 32 29 29 31 3 17 32 30 29 30 34 36 35 31 29 29 31 3 25 31 29 29 31 35 36 34 30 29 30 32 3 Latitude 46° N. 1 34 32 30 30 33 38 38 35 31 30 31 3 9 34 31 30 31 34 38 38 34 30 30 32 3 17 33 31 30 32 36 39 37 32 30 30 33 a 25 33 30 30 33 37 39 36 32 30 31 33 3 Latitude 48° N. 1 36 33 31 32 35 40 41 36 32 31 33 3 9 36 33 31 32 36 41 40 35 32 31 33 3 17 35 32 31 33 38 41 39 34 31 31 34 3 25 34 31 31 34 39 41 38 33 31 32 35 3 Latitude 50° N. 1 38 35 33 33 37 43 44 39 34 32 34 3 9 38 34 32 34 38 44 43 37 33 32 35 k) 17 KY) 33 32 35 40 45 42 36 32 33 36 3 25 36 33 33 36 42 45 40 34 32 33 37 4 Latitude 52° N. 1 41 37 34 34 39 47 48 41 35 34 36 4 9 40 36 34 35 4l 48 47 39 34 34 37, 4 17 39 35 34 36 43 49 45 38 34 34 38 4 25 38 34 34 38 45 49 43 36 34 35 39 é Latitude 54° N. 1 43 39 36 36 42 51 54 44 37 35 38 ue 9 43 38 35 37 44 53 52 42 36 35 39 oe 17 41 37 35 38 46 55 49 40 36 36 40 4 25 40 36 36 40 49 54 47 38 35 a7, 41 4 Latitude 56° N. 1 47 41 38 38 45 SS lOL 48 39 37 40 4 9 46 40 37 39 48 101 58 45 38 37 41 & 17 44 39 37 41 Sie 03 55 43 37 38 43 25 43 38 38 43 S5an 102 51 41 37 39 44 4 Latitude 58° N. 1 51 44 40 40 49 108 113 53 42 39 42 4 9. 50 42 39 42 5S) 9S ele Os 49 41 39 44 g 17 48 41 39 44 S/he Lol6ee 103 46 40 40 46 g 25 46 40 40 46 103 1415 57 44 39 41 48 k Latitude 60° N. 1 57 48 42 43 S40 25) less lOO 45 41 45 k 9 55 45 42 45 59 136 1 26 54 43 42 47 a 17 52 44 42 A7 vip OGRE 1 46un 1 e15 50 42 42 50 si 25 50 42 42 S08. 1 152 1 450% 2 06 47 41 44 52 & Latitude 61° N. 1 1 00 49 43 45 57 1 40 er 05 47 43 47 s 9 58 47 43 46, 103; 9219) 144 58 45 43 49 1¢ 17 55 45 43 49 112 ‘ied 25 53 43 44 52 1g 25 52 44 43 53001 25 bar | ae Oe 49 43 45 55 Im * Twilight lasts all night. SMITHSONIAN METEOROLOGICAL TABLES TABLE 172 (CONTINUED) DURATION OF CIVIL TWILIGHT wey Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr. May June nonth ley Seay I Seal ese ee | ere | Seay Latitude 62° N. il 1 04 52 45 46 100 Be 9 1 Ol 49 44 48 108 ~ 17 58 47 44 SieleiZ0 * 25 54 45 45 56 ~=61 40 * Latitude 63° N. 1 1 09 54 46 48 1 04 * 9 1 06 51 46 BO) al is fe 17 1 01 49 46 54 1 32 * 25 EY) 47 47 59 * * Latitude 64° N. 1 als 57 48 50 109 * 9 sh ati 53 47 Re. al 28} * 17 1 06 51 47 Gy il Bs} * 25 1 01 49 48 103 * * Latitude 65° N. 1 24 LX00 50 Ae AL Ale * 9 IL at7/ 56 49 Spy dt BS G2 17 IL rut 53 49 100 = ar 25 1 04 51 i) IL (0 oe * * Twilight lasts all night. 90° 85° NO TWILIGHT NOR SUNLIGHT 80° 75° | 70° 65° & JANUARY 16 FEBRUARY MARCH (continued) SMITHSONIAN METEOROLOGICAL TABLES July Aug. Sept. Oct. Nov. Ih See) dele Fel etree ier ey avers OL 10 48 44 49 = Or 46 44 51 1 41 55 45 45 54 1b all 51 44 47 58 ca a 51 45 51 OG, 48 46 54 * 59 46 47 57 1e3s 54 46 49 101 7, 53 47 53 eemmcs lomo 50 48 56 eel 2 48 49 101 1 56 56 47 Sel 06 e142 55 49 55 Solus 52 49 59 Fe O7, 50 Slee e 04 = 100 49 SSime lela \ conmuous TWILIGHT HN OR SUNLIGHT N — tS — i pe 516 TABLE 172 (CONCLUDED) DURATION OF CIVIL TWILIGHT CONTINUOUS TWILIGHT OR SUNLIGHT 1 1 1 1 1 JUNE : JULY g AUGUST CONTINUOUS TWILIGHT = OR SUNLIGHT 476 1 16 1 16 1 16 1 16 SEPTEMBER OCTOBER NOVEMBER DECEMBER SMITHSONIAN METEOROLOGICAL TABLES TABLE 173 DURATION OF ASTRONOMICAL TWILIGHT (See p. 506 for discussion and explanation of table.) Day Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr. May June July Aug. Sept. month hem.) hm. h.m. h.m h. m heme hsm h. m h. m. Latitude 0° 1 ES let 2 OO 1509 Sk Tht) Gath 14 On 15. Or ILD Setano 9 Le OOS 10S Mele 2 eae 15 ae lalS ete) aaleno 7 Pas 0) 09" 110) is 1S 1 a -it Poo 25 I a), OD alah aha ais alg} Ga) ae) Latitude 5° N. 1 US ele 2 ele OO mS 12 O09 Se Te 12 ee TTS ine Tel Gate 1h 1S) weal 9 WT th AOE SEO NO TEN Se SS ah AL ae) 17 We a) aD aK) ah ae ah ae IGT a) 25 Iss ea EO a ak aS aL aes al eta) TQ) SL to) Latitude 10° N. 1 LG Lay TR AIG) ARTI) La A aT TE IY Sh atl 9 TGS eta ves NL TURES STAN aliieg ss Vahraleie Tht 17 el Aeeleoleeetenl Ome Cen ieolSye elie Se sd elGp dent en cole ( 25 HIS. Wil@, Us We shale aha a NG a hha ae Latitude 15° N. 1 MaDe hae Se aL SIC sae eh OA alae Sh ai} 9 LO See ee 12 keiel6, l 2OMIEZO CaS foe? 17 Tas a SIS TS SSIs a zt al Sie) ab aee a ais 25 it UE a ae aia a aie Ae aL Se ah al} a Latitude 20° N. 1 1S See eel Ope lenge tas ol olS) 1) 2a 4 eee lee eee ley 9 LTS eee Sere See lel Sete Ol 24 123 eels wee: 17 Lave Ald Saba iy WON IE VAls il leak lave = sila) 25 WANG EN StI ih ima A Ae i AE balay abil} Latitude 25° N. 1 ele eel See Ie 1G ela Zee 22 28 P20 124i S 9 ele 1a 16m lS peed 1207) (1 28 eee le? fale 17 17 AQ Wi WAG as AS ZO a ey aL il AL AIG 25 OM etl6 e161 21 12729) 125) eS a Latitude 30° N. 1 fe2Se leo ete eel T2755)" 1eS6 eel sO) alee 9 (e251 Meee O vol 22 7 129 36m lesS rede 27a ep le2l 17 Las ay ian il ale sisi aL yf ales al a5 ail AO) 25 123 120 FS Z0 26 le 33 37 sl e244 ale Z20 Latitude 35° N. 1 1eSOMae 27 ale 24 ieeo les4 el 440 4G ae les] eee 9 TsO le26m tea e285" 137" 9 46" 1645) sel 35) eda ZO 17 20 25) le 4130) 140 47nd oe eZ eeeleZ5 25 eS c4aeele25y le s2e 1-42 Fela AN ale SO lac, Latitude 40° N. 1 137 Me esos 300 lesa, | 1°44 11 5082002 tad 48 ele 35 9 techn les 2iele SO a teso. LASS 202 =. 2700s 44 ae ess 17 135 a Bi aS IS Sy eR il Gray HL 25 1345 130 SZ ae 56 e209 e527 sei 0 Latitude 42° N. 1 1.41 he 1.36, 633" 1.36" 1:49" 2.07" 2 11 Yeh 540039 9 40 ele soe iesoee eso) We 5S a2elle 2108) ln 49men les 17 1530. 4034 (1.34 “242° 158 2138) 2°08 45 138 25 137 133 1:35 2-45 20S ues.) 259 1 4zZ 0 gs (continued) SMITHSONIAN METEOROLOGICAL TABLES — tt — st pet pe — pt | —— — pe — pe — hk pe pe — tp — ee a — st pp — pe — a a — —s —" —" —" \O [on wn w w ll eee oes i) 1S) — te Ww WwW Silvis — — — pe — a 7 — at — a — pe w& i) i) — — oa om oOo mn bo ‘oO N on on eee Ww “NI 518 TABLE 173 (CONTINUED) DURATION OF ASTRONOMICAL TWILIGHT Day Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr. May June July Aug. Sept. eonth oy UB abe a a ee pe nh sey Ng rel EN eg a a Latitude 44° N. 1 144 139) MOINS O Reel 4O ee 5S am 2E1S i 2123) 2201 ah 4 3S 9 WR ik Ske Sih) a AR A As IO) al Bal 20) 17 1042 tele 37 als 7 ele 46 eee OO mn 2eZ25) Bech ole Ome os 25 IFA 1eSOM LE Oo eb am Ze l Sie 2125 EO le Oo mle s7, Latitude 46° N. il AOR las tele sO ead 2a Olin 2es2. era) meee Okara S 9 4S ele ada Ze 220800 2.59) 20 Sou ca0 Sul 4 17 146 al e40 Ae le4O Peles? SEZ Os E2432) Coon lp OO mln 42 25 144 40) Cpl A2 eee 57) ence Z25 Ge he 4 Se Pe eee Olin () Latitude 48° N. 1 Gh ae RY a) I ea SS) 7 AL a Gs 9 15 Ze 4 on eda lose 2 oO SOS Ze bom eal ele 9 17 LS laa ele So 158 uP 2) 298 9 318 eP2P43 e204 mele 46 25 E49 TEAS Ble 46 BU ZE04 Se 2EA2 OE SP 17 ee 2) SO ple 57a E44: Latitude 50° N. 1 Sole So aS le 542020 oe ESE AS IL Se) 9 57a nl SOM eteaSin mle 59a e252 * EA PE MES 17 156) Pele 4Se 49) e205 ce Ze 49 a iS Molen 4, pol eoil 25 PSS le4S ele oleh sree shh e249 ete OS) wld Latitude 52° N. 1 ZO SWS Zaye OZ aecNOle | 3234. * Aah By 9 AO8s ib SS Ss) Aa Ay * e237 2.01 17 ZrO le 53 19 54 ee 14 6325 * Be A GY/ 25 159 ele 52 57, en Zee be FT 3 28 eek Sa 4. Latitude 54° N. 1 75 318) 08) SRA ws} * sy Sp CO) AIG 9 Zalien 2h le Sonn e2 15) Washo * A us} 7/ ZEOS Mp Sot P2NOOa 2h 24. * * Fp 2637, ae 2hOS 25 ZeOS elt 58iel 2042038 a * FZ) 242) 00) Latitude 56° N. 1 Doe V2 AOR 2204s 2) Ue esac. * * EA DAS 9 MEN A) (ORL 7, Vay PS * * ese tS Cieye 73. 1/ 17 2plOee2" 05 Me 2072038 * * 27 tee ek 25 BMA BW oA Gy) Gy * E2057 ween OT, Latitude 58° N. 1 2°32) 2ANS 2 le 2) 27, * * * * 2 40 9 229, 0 2 VAM 222038 * * ae * 228 i17/ 2025 22 2h Sith 2h 57, * * KMS) SAO 25 7A GAN GB MY PPADS) 1S Y/ * * +2) SO alo Latitude 60° N. 1 Zadd 2i2 7 i 2lOe 2 aA() * * * 25S 9 PEN PRIA A ZANT WPITS * * * * 204 17 ZE3SO MR 2EZ0 Me ZE 24 es 28 = * ae e250 25 2 CUS) I MO Sh * * * xe Ss ZOmn ce4 Latitude 61° N. J PANY 7). EVN ALN NG * * * xl O 9 ZN48° 9228) 12,259" 3)07 * * * *) * 21.49 17 242 £2) 25 2/30 ne st 59 * * * XO 2037 25 Zio) WeLeetan 27, 2 * * * 3) 54 ee 2029 * Twilight lasts all night. (continued) SMITHSONIAN METEOROLOGICAL TABLES oe wW fon\ oa Ww ve) oy Ams N — wn dO oo BSS as, ——— so on —_ TABLE 173 (CONTINUED) DURATION OF ASTRONOMICAL TWILIGHT Day Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr. May June July Aug. Sept. month heme “hom: hstm. heim: Shim, him: him: hem km, Latitude 62° N. 1 SOG) wezeos 2e29) #2956 * * * a3 8) 2 9 ZENON MIZtooeY 2, ol S22 * * * * 2.58 17 2H49e5-2730" 42°35 * * * * Fs 2H A3 25 2°43, 2°29 i2/44 * * * * #1 2435 Latitude 63° N. 1 SlOn -2e44 92734, 63 06 * * * ee S47, 9 505) ee ch AES aye * - * 3 8h (9) 17 PAN) Pesby. 734 LY * * * * 25 25 BAN) ABLE Ab * * * * we ZACH Latitude 64° N. 1 5) PS 7 AY Sy a * * * ae 9 Bil Sees 4512, 42, 48 nS * * ee SEZe 17 306 241 2 49 * * * * 2 00 25 258 240 300 * * * * 248 Latitude 65° N. 1 Sey) PGS PELTON a)! * * Me * * 9 S27 Zee, ae, 49 ws * * ae Se 17 S16 2°48) 22) 56 ns * * * eS LO 25 300Gm 2 40 040 10 * * * * 2056 * Twilight lasts all night. 90° ; 80° 1 16 1 16 1 JANUARY FEBRUARY MARCH (continued) SMITHSONIAN METEOROLOGICAL TABLES 519 520 TABLE 173 (CONCLUDED) DURATION OF ASTRONOMICAL TWILIGHT NO TWILIGHT NOR SUNLIGHT CONTINUOUS TWILIGHT OR SUNLIGHT B5° 75° 70° 65° 1 16 1 16 1 1 SEPTEMBER OCTOBER NOVEMBER © DECEMBER® TABLE 174 DAYLIGHT AND TWILIGHT FOR SOUTHERN LATITUDES Corre- Corre- Corre- Corre- Cor: sponding sponding sponding sponding sponc — Southern date Southern date Southern date Southern date Southern dat latitude northern latitude northern latitude northern latitude northern latitude north date latitude date latitude date latitude date latitude date latiti Jan} 3° July's Mar. 19 Sept. 21 May 28 Nov.29 Aug. 5 Feb. 1 Oct. 20 Apr 7 9 23 25 30) Decal 9 5 24 11 13 27 29 13 9 28 15 17 ZO Oct) 1 June 3 5 17 13 18 21 4 5 21 17 Nov. 1 22 25 Apr. 1 5 8 9 26 21 3. May 26 29 5 9 12 13 30 25 7 29 Aug. 1 6 9 16 17 11 10 13 20 21 Sept. 3 Mar. 1 15 Feb. 1 5 14 17 25 25 7 5 18 5 9 18 21 29 29 11 9 22 9 13 22 25 15 13 26 13 17 26 29 July; 2) Jans 19 l¢/ 30 17 21 29 Nov. 1 oh he 1 23 21 20 25 7 5 27 25 Dec. 3 June 24 29 May 3 5 11 9 6 27 Sept. 1 7. 9 15 13 Octal 29 10 11 13 20 17 2 29 14 Mar. 3 5 15 17 24 21 5 Apnea 18 7 9 16 17 28 25 9 5 25 11 13 20 21 12 9 29 15 17 24 25 Aug. 1 29 16 13 31 July SMITHSONIAN METEOROLOGICAL TABLES INDEX Absolute humidity, definition, 347 Absolute temperature, conversion formulae, 17 conversion tables, 17-19 Absorption of radiation, by pure liquid water, 445 by sea water, 446 (See also radiation, absorption.) Acceleration of gravity. (See gravity.) Acre, conversion factors, 10 Adiabatic elasticity coefficient, 390 Adjusted virtual temperature, 295-296 Air, dry: composition, 389 density, 290-294 index of refraction, 389 thermodynamic constants, 289 Air, moist: thermal conductivity, 394-395 thermodynamic properties, 331-343 transmission of radiation, 436-437 viscosity, 394-395 Air-borne particles, characteristics, 397 Air mass, optical, 422 Albedo of various surfaces, 442-443 Altimeter reading, correction, for erroneous altimeter setting, 275 for mean temperature, 274-279 for perturbation of pressure field caused by mountains, 276 Altimeter setting, computation, 269-273 Altitude of the sun, 497-505 Altitude pressure table, NACA standard atmosphere, 273 Angstrom unit, conversion factors, 9 Angular velocity of the earth, 130 Anomalies in gravity, 489 Apostilb, conversion factor, 16 Arc, conversion to time, table, 106 Area, conversion factors, 9-10 land and sea, latitude belts, 484 Astronomical constants, 481 Astronomical twilight, 506, 517-520 Atmosphere, standard: ICAN, 268 NACA, altitude pressure table, 273 lower atmosphere, 265-267 upper atmosphere, 280-284 unit of pressure, conversion factors, 14 U. S. (See Atmosphere, standard, NACA.) Atmospheric transmission of solar radia- tion, 433-436 Avoirdupois pounds and ounces, 12 Azimuth of the sun, 497-505 Bar, conversion factors, 13 Barometer, fixed-cistern, temperature cor- rection, 138 Barometer correction, capillary, 135 gravity, 200-202 temperature, 136-199 English units, 139-163 metric units, 164-199 Barometric determination of height, 203-213 Baryre, conversion factors, 13 Beaufort wind scale, 119 Beta, tabular values of, 130 BL?/4n’, 131 Blackbody radiation, 411-413 Brass, coefficient of expansion, 136 Brick, density, specific heat, thermal con- ductivity and diffusivity, 405 Brightness, units and conversion factors, 15-16 British thermal unit, conversion factors, 14- 15 Brownian movement, 397 Calorie, conversion factors, 14-15 definition, 4 equivalent mechanical energy, 289 Candle per unit area, 16 Capillary correction, for mercurial barom- eters, 135 Carbon dioxide, absorption of radiation, 427 Celsius temperature (see also Centigrade), Centibar, conversion factors, 13 Centigrade temperature, coiversion formu- lae, 17 conversion tables, 17-30 Centimeter, conversion factors, 9-10 Cheval-vapeur, conversion factors, 15 Civil twilight, 506, 513-516 Clarke spheroid, 481 Cloud particles, 396-398 Clouds, albedo, 443 transmission of solar radiation, 441 Composition of air, 389 521 522 Compressibility factor, moist air, 295, 332- 333 water vapor, 341-342 Condensation level, lifting, 328-330 Condensation rate, in ascending moist air, 325-326 Condensation temperature, 328-330 Conductivity, thermal: air, 394-395 ice and snow, 404 soils and rocks, 405 water, 403 Conductivity, thermometric, air, 394-395 Conversion factors, 9-16 Coriolis parameter and latitudinal variation, 130 Correction of altimeter. correction. ) Curvature, effect of, on saturation vapor pressure, 374 radius of, on polar stereographic pro- jection, 486-487 (See altimeter, Day, conversion to decimals of hours, min- utes, seconds, 107 conversion to decimals of year and angle, 102-105 mean solar, 11 pendulum, 130 sidereal, 11 Daylight, duration of, 506-512 Days, since January 1, 102-105 Degree of latitude per day, conversion fac- tors, 12 Density, air, 290-294 conyersion factors, 12 ice, 404 mercury, 4 soils and rocks, 405 water, 403 water vapor at saturation, over ice, 381, 384-385 over water, 381-383 Dew point conversion chart, water to ice, 371 Dew point temperature, definition, 347 from psychrometric data, centigrade scale, 368 Fahrenheit scale, 369 Diffusivity, thermal, ice and snow, 404 soils and rocks, 405 water vapor, in air, 394-395 Drag coefficient, water droplets in air, 396 Drizzle droplets, size and rate of fall, 396- 397 Pia equilibrium supersaturation, 374- SMITHSONIAN METEOROLOGICAL TABLES Drops, water, evaporation, 398 rate of fall, 396 size, 398 Dust, particle size and rate of fall, 396-397 Dynamic height, 217, 224 Dynamic viscosity of air, 394-395 Earth, albedo of, 443 angular velocity of, 130 dimensions, 481 Energy, conversion factors, 14, 15 distribution of solar radiation, 416 equivalent of calorie, 289 Enthalpy residual, moist air, 334-335 water vapor, 341-342 Entropy residual, moist air, 336-337 water vapor, 341-342 Ephemeris of the sun, 495-496 Equation of state, moist air, 391 virial form, 391 Equation of time, 495-496 Equivalent temperature, definition, 349 Erg, conversion factors, 14 Evaporation of water drops, 398 Eye, relative spectral luminosity, 448-452 Extinction coefficient, 453-478 Fahrenheit temperature, conversion formu- lae, 17 conversion tables, 17-24 Fathom, conversion factors, 9 Feet. (See Foot.) Feet per minute, conversion factors, 12 conversion table, 115 Feet per second, conversion factors, 12 conversion tables, 115 Fields, albedo, 443 Fixed cistern barometers, temperature cor- rection, 138 Fluid ounce, conversion factors, 10 Fog droplet, size and rate of fall, 396-397 Foot, conversion factors, 9-10 conversion table, 92-93 geopotential, definition, 217, 256 Foot-candle, conversion factors, 15 Foot-lambert, conversion factors, 16 Foot-pound, conversion factors, 14 Force, conversion factors, 14 Forest, albedo, 442 Forty-five degree pressure units, conversion factors, 13 Fresnel formula, 444 Frost-point, from psychrometric data, 365- 369 temperature, definition, 348 Fusion, latent heat of, water, 343 INDEX Gages, depth of water by weight, 407 Gallon, British imperial, 11 U. S. conversion factors, 10 Gas constant, dry air, ideal gas, and water vapor, 289 Geodetic constants, 481 Geodynamic meter, 217 Geometric height, conversion to geopoten- tial, 217-223 Geometric meters, conversion to geopoten- tial meters, 217-219, 220-221 Geopotential change corresponding to pres- sure change, 256-259 computation, 217, 224-240 temperature correction, 238-240 definition, 217, 224 foot, definition, 217, 256 meter, definition, 217, 224 Geopotential meters, conversion to geo- metric height, 217-223 conversion to geometric meters, 222-223 Geostrophic wind, formulae and tables, 120- 125 Gradient wind, formulae and tables, 126-129 Grain, conversion factors, 12 conversion to grams, table, 109 Gram, conversion factors, 12 conversion table, 109 conversion to grains, table, 109 weight, conversion factors, 14 Gram-calorie, conversion factors, 14 definition, 4 Grass, albedo, 443 Gravity, acceleration of, 488-494 anomalies, 489 computation of local values, 488-494 correction, mercurial barometer, 200- 202 potential, 217 standard, definition of, 3-4 Ground, albedo, 442 Heat, conversion factors, 14 latent, sea ice, 405 water, 343 Heat, specific. (See Specific heat.) Hefner unit, 16 Height, dynamic, 217, 224 Height change corresponding to pressure change, 256-259 Height computations. computations. ) Height determination by barometer, 203-213 Height difference between standard isobaric surfaces, 241-255 Horizontal visibility, 452-478 Horse power, 15 (See Geopotential 523 Hour, definition of mean solar, 11 Hours, conversion to angles, 105 conversion to decimals of a day, 106 Humidity, absolute: correction for the reduction of pressure to sea level, 204, 206 definition, 347 Humidity, relative: computation from psychrometric data, 365-369 definition, 331-332 over salt solutions, 380 Humidity, specific, definition, 347 ICAN standard atmosphere, 268 Ice, density, 404 saturation vapor units, 362-364 metric units, 360-361 sea, latent heat, 405 specific heat, 406 specific heat, 343 thermal conductivity and diffusivity, 404 Ice point, absolute temperature, 289 Illumination, in relation to radiation, 442 units and conversion factors, 15-16 Impurities, effect of, on saturation vapor pressure, 374 Inch, conversion factors, 9-10 conversion to millimeters, 72-78 Inch of mercury, conversion factors, 13 conversion tables, 31-37 Inch of water, 14 Index of refraction, air, 389 Inertial motion, 130 Intensity of solar radiation, 415 Interaction coefficients, air and water vapor, 393 International ellipsoid, 481 International steam tables—calorie, 4, 14 Ions, size, 397-398 Isobaric specific heat residual, moist air, 339 water vapor, 341 Isobaric surfaces, thickness between, 241- 255 Isothermal elasticity coefficient, 390 pressure, English Joule, conversion factors, 14 Kelvin temperature, conversion formulae, 17 Kilogram, conversion factors, 12 conversion tables, 108 Kilogram-calorie, 14 Kilogram-meter, 14 524 Kilogram weight, 14 Kilometer, conversion factors, 9, 10 conversion to nautical miles, table, 101 conversion to statute miles, tables, 98-99 per hour, conversion factors, 11 conversion tables, 110-116 Kilowatt hour, conversion factors, 14 equivalent in calories, 289 Kinematic viscosity of air defined, 394-395 Knots, conversion factors, 11 conversion tables, 110-116 Lambert, conversion factors, 16 Lambert projection, scale variation, 485 Land, area in latitude belts, 484 Langley, conversion factors, 15 Lapse rate: pseudoadiabatic, ice stage, 324 water stage, 323 temperature, conversion table, 30 Latent heat, sea ice, 405 water, 343 Latitude, degree of, conversion factors, 9 degree per day, conversion factors, 12 length of one degree, 482 Latitudinal variation of Coriolis parameter, 130 Length, conversion factors, 9 conversion tables, 72-101 Lifting condensation level and condensation pressure, 328-330 Light, mechanical equivalent of, 16 Liter, 10 Longitude, length of one degree, 483 Lumen, 15 Luminosity, 448-452 Luminous efficiency, 16 Luminous flux, 15 Lux, 15 Manometers, English units, 139-163 metric units, 164-199 temperature correction, 138 Map projection, scale variation, 485 Mass, conversion factors, 12 conversion tables, 108-109 Mean adjusted virtual temperature, 296 Mean free path of a molecule, NACA upper atmosphere, 283-284 Mechanical equivalent of heat, 289 Mechanical equivalent of light, 16 Melting point, sea water, 406 Mercator projection, scale variation, 485 Mercurial barometer correction, capillary, 135 gravity, 200-202 SMITHSONIAN METEOROLOGICAL TABLES Mercurial barometer correction, temperature correction, English units, 139-163 metric units, 164-197 Mercury, density, 4 surface tension, 135 Meridian, length of one degree, 482 Meter, conversion factors, 9-10 conversion to feet, tables, 94-95 Meter per second, conversion factors, 11 conversion tables, 110-116 Metric ton, conversion factors, 12 Micron, conversion factors, 9 Mile, nautical : conversion factors, 9 conversion tables, 100-101 Mile, statute: conversion factors, 9, 10 conversion tables, 96-100 Miles per hour, conversion factors, 11 conversion tables, 110-116 Millibar, conversion factors, 13 conversion to inches of mercury, table, - 38-50 conversion to millimeters of mercury, table, 59-71 Millilambert, conversion factors, 16 Milliliter, conversion factors, 10 Millimeter, conversion factors, 9 conversion to inches, table, 79-91 Millimeters of mercury, conversion factors, 13 conversion to millibars, 51-58 Minute, mean solar, 11 Minutes to decimals of day and hour, 106- 107 Mixing entropy, moist air, 336, 338 Mixing ratio, definition, 347 saturation, definition, 347 over ice, 306-307 over water, 302-305 Moist air, compressibility factor, 332-333 equation of state, 391 thermodynamic properties, 331-343 Molecular mean free path, upper atmos- phere, 283-284 Molecular weight, dry air, water vapor, 289 NACA standard atmosphere, altitude pres- sure table, 273-274 lower atmosphere, 263-267, 273 upper atmosphere, 280-284 Nautical mile, conversion factors, 9 conversion tables, 100-101 definition, 2 Ocean, albedo of, 442 area in latitude belts, 484 INDEX Optical air mass, 422 Ounce, conversion factors, 10, 12 conversion to kilograms, tables, 108 Oxygen absorption of solar radiation, 430 Ozone, absorption of solar radiation, 428- 429 Parallel, length of one degree, 483 Pendulum day, 130 Phot, conversion factors, 16 Planck’s formula, 411 Plateau correction, 205 Poisexi2 ; Polar stereographic projection, scale varia- tion, 485 Potential temperature, 308-313 Pound, conversion factors, 12 conversion table, 108 Pound weight, conversion factors, 14 Poundal, 14 Power, conversion factors, 15 Precipitable water in a saturated pseudo- adiabatic atmosphere, 327 Pressure, lifting condensation, 328-330 reduction to fixed levels, 203-213 vapor. (See Vapor pressure.) Pressure altitude diagram, 285 Pressure change corresponding to height change, 256, 260-262 Pressure divided into 1000, two-sevenths power of, 316-317 Pressure to the two-sevenths power, 314- 315 Pressure units, conversion factors, 13-14 conversion tables, 31-71 Pseudoadiabatic lapse rate, ice stage, 324 water stage, 323 Pseudoadiabats, temperature and pressure along, 318-322 Psychrometric data, reduction of, centi- grade temperature, 368 Fahrenheit temperature, 369 Radiant emittance, 413 Radiation, blackbody, 411-413 ratio of direct to total, 439 relation to average sunshine, 440 relation to illumination, 442 sky, 420 solar, extraterrestrial, 414-416 optical air mass, 422 reaching the ground, 420-422 relative spectral intensity, 415 spectral distribution at sea level, 438 spectral energy distribution, 416 top of the atmosphere, 417-419 525 Radiation, solar, total solar and sky, 438-439 transmission, atmosphere, 433-436 clouds, 441 dry air, 431 moist air, 436-437 Radiation absorption, carbon dioxide, 427 oxygen, 430 ozone, 428-429 sea water, 446 water, 445 water vapor, 423-425 Radius of curvature, polar stereographic map, 486-487 Radius of earth, 481 Rain gages, relation between depth of water and weight, 407 Raindrops, size and rate of fall, 396-398 Rainfall, condensation rate in ascending moist air, 325 quantity corresponding to depth, 407 Rankine temperature, conversion formulae, 17 Raoult’s law, 374 Reaumer temperature, conversion table, 17- 19 Reflectivity, water surface, 444 Refraction index, air, 389 Relative humidity, computation from psy- chrometric data, 365-369 definition, 348, 331-332 over salt solutions, 380 Reynolds’ number, water droplets in air, 396 Rocks, conductivity, density, specific heat, 405 Rod, conversion factors, 9 Rossby long-wave formula, 131 Salt solution, relative humidity over, 380 Sand, albedo, 442-443 Saturated air, virtual temperature incre- ments of, 295-301 Saturation, definition, 347 pseudoadiabats, 318-322 Saturation mixing ratio, definition, 347 over ice, 306-307 over water, 302-305 Saturation vapor pressure, definition, 347 droplets, 374-379 over ice, 360-364 over water, 351-359 ratio over ice to over water, 370 salinity 35 percent, 373 variation with temperature, 372 526 Scale variation of map projections, 485 Scattering (of radiation), dry air, 431 water drops, 446-447 water vapor, 432 Sea ice, latent heat, 405 specific heat, 406 Sea level, reduction of pressure to, 203-213 Sea water, absorption of radiation by, 446 melting point and specific heat, 406 Seconds, conversion to decimals of hour and day, 106-107 mean solar and sidereal, conversion fac- tors, 11 Sidereal time units, 11 Sky, radiation, 420 Smoke, particle size and rate of fall, 397- 398 Snow, albedo of, 443 thermal conductivity and diffusivity, 404 Snow gages, conversion of weight to depth of water, 407 Soils, conductivity, density, specific heat, 405 Solar altitude, 497-505 Solar constant, 414 Solar ephemeris, 495-496 Solar radiation. (See Radiation.) Solar time, mean and true, 495-496 Solution droplets, equilibrium supersatura- tion, 374-379 Sound, velocity of, in air, 390-393 NACA upper atmosphere, 283-284 Specific heat, dry air, 289 ice, 289, 343 residual, moist air, 339 residual, water vapor, 341-342 sea ice, and sea water, 406 soils and rocks, 405 water, 289, 343 water vapor, 289 Specific humidity, definition, 347 Specific volume, conversion factors, 12 Spectral distribution of solar radiation, 416 Spectral luminosity, 448-452 Speed, conversion factors, 11-12 conversion tables, 110-116 Standard atmosphere. (See Atmosphere, standard.) Statute mile. (See Mile, statute.) Stefan-Boltzman law, 411 Stilb, 16 Stokes law, 397 Stone, conductivity, density, specific heat, 405 Sublimation, latent heat of, water, 343 SMITHSONIAN METEOROLOGICAL TABLES Sun, altitude and azimuth, 497-505 ephemeris, 495-496 Surface tension, mercury, 135 Temperature, adjusted virtual, 295-296 along pseudoadiabats, 318-322 condensation, 328-330 conversion formulae, 17 conversion tables, 17-28 correction for altimeter reading, 274- 279 correction for mercurial barometers and manometers, English units, 139- 163 explanation, 136-138 metric units, 164-199 dew point, definition, 347 differences, conversion table, 29 equivalent, 349 frost point, definition, 348 lapse rate, conversion table, 30 mean, between standard isobaric sur- faces, 241-255 potential, 308-313 thermodynamic, 332 virtual, 295 wet-bulb, definition, 348 Terminal velocity, atmospheric particle, 397 water droplets in air, 396 Thermodynamic constants, 289 Thermodynamic equivalent temperature, 349 Thermodynamic properties of moist air, 331-343 Thermodynamic temperature, 17, 332 Thickness between standard isobaric sur- faces, 241-255 Time, conversion factors, 11 conversion tables, 102-107 Ton, conversion factors, 12 Tonne, conversion factors, 12 Transmission, atmospheric, 433-436 dry air, 431 moist air, 436-437 Transmissivity, 452-478 Twilight, astronomical and civil, 506, 517- 520 U. S. standard atmosphere. (See NACA standard atmosphere. ) Upper atmosphere, NACA standard, 280- 284 physical properties, 281 Vapor, water. (See Water vapor.) Vapor concentration, definition, 347 INDEX Vapor pressure, saturation. (See Satura- tion vapor pressure.) water vapor, definition, 347 Vaporization, latent heat of, water, 343 Velocity, conversion factors, 11-12 conversion tables, 110-116 Velocity of earth, angular, 130 Velocity of sound in air, 390-393 Velocity of sound in upper atmosphere, NACA standard, 284 Virial coefficients, air and water vapor, 393 Virial form of the Equation of State, 391 Virtual temperature, definition, 295 increment of saturated air, 295-301 Viscosity, conversion factors, 12 defined, 394 dynamic and kinematic of air, 394 kinematic, NACA standard upper at- mosphere, 284 lower atmosphere, 394-395 Visibility, 452-478 Visual range, 452-478 Visual sensitivity, 448-452 Volume, conversion factors, 10-11 specific, conversion factors, 12 Water, albedo of, 442 area in latitude belts, 484 condensed, thermodynamic properties of, 343 density, 403 drops, scattering coefficients, 446-447 inch, pressure unit, conversion factors, 14 precipitable in saturated pseudoadia- batic atmosphere, 327 527 Water, radiation absorption, 445 reflectivity, 444 saturation vapor units, 354-359 metric units, 351-353 sea, absorption of solar radiation, 446 melting point, 406 specific heat, 406 specific heat, 343 thermal conductivity, 403 Water vapor, absorption of solar radiation, 423-425 definitions and specifications in the at- mosphere, 347-349 density at saturation, 381-385 pressure, saturation, 351-359 properties of, 341-342 scattering of solar radiation, 432 thermodynamic constants, 289 transmission of solar radiation, 425-426 Watt, conversion factors, 15 Weight, conversion factors, 14 conversion tables, 108-109 Weight of water in rain gage, conversion to depth of rain, 407 Wet-bulb temperature, definition, 348 Wien’s law, 411 Wind, geostrophic, 120-125 gradient, 126-129 Wind scale, Beaufort, 119 Work, conversion factors, 14 pressure, English Yard, conversion factors, 9-10 Year, mean solar, 11 days to decimals of, 102-105 2 \y\ CU a as | tie sea thn ben Ti oil ling a Ta shes Athcs : ia ph cel ist: encaeiBtorni hie aa a Blin Ppderilesy,, ARBEIEE. aactepi, | AP, rng ncricraingre san) pe - At, aloes & bi a manthsetaiien | ‘bby i. 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