ieee a RNA A , SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS VOLUME 53 CAMBRIAN SeOLOGY AND PALEONTOLOGY ‘BY CHARLES D. WALCOTT ‘““EVERY MAN IS A VALUABLE MEMBER OF SOCIETY WHO, BY HIS OBSERVATIONS, RESEARCHES, AND EXPERIMENTS, PROCURES KNOWLEDGE FOR MEN’ —SMITHSON (PusLication 1949) CITY OF WASHINGTON PUBLISHED BY THE SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION 1910 ADVERTISEMENT The present series, entitled ‘‘ Smithsonian Miscellaneous Collec- tions,” is intended to embrace the principal publications issued directly by the Smithsonian Institution in octavo form; those in quarto constituting the “ Smithsonian Contributions to Knowledge.” The quarto series includes memoirs, embracing the records of ex- tended original investigations and researches, resulting in what are believed to be new truths, and constituting positive additions to the sum of human knowledge. The octavo series is designed to contain reports on the present state of our knowledge of particular branches of science; instructions for collecting and digesting facts and ma- terials for research; lists and synopses of species of the organic and inorganic world; reports of explorations; aids to bibliographical in- vestigations, etc., generally prepared at the express request of the Institution, and at its expense. In the Smithsonian Contributions to Knowledge, as well as in the present series, each article bears a distinct number, and is also sep- arately paged unless the entire volume relates to one subject. The actual date of the publication of each article is that given on its special title-page, and not that of the volume in which it is placed. In many cases papers have been published and largely distributed, several months before their combination into volumes. CHAS .D. WAeCOr Fr, Secretary of the Smithsoman Institution (111) TABLE OF CONTENTS NuMBER I (PUBLICATION 1804). NOMENCLATURE OF SOME Cam- BRIAN CORDILLERAN ForMATIONS. 1908. Pp. [Title] + 1-12. Published April 18, 1908. NuMBER 2 (PUBLICATION 1805). CAMBRIAN TRILOBITES. 1908. Pp. [2] + 13-52, Pls. 1-6. Published April 25, 1908. NuMBER 3 (PUBLICATION 1810). CAMBRIAN BRACHIOPODA: Des- SCRIPTIONS OF NEw GENERA AND SPECIES. With index. 1908. Pp. [Title] + 53-137, Pls. 7-10. Published October 1, 1908. ‘NUMBER 4 (PUBLICATION I8II). CLASSIFICATION. AND TERMI- NOLOGY OF THE CAMBRIAN BRACHIOPODA. 1908. Pp. [Title] + 139-165, Pls. 11, 12. Published Octo- ber 13, 1908. NuMBER 5 (PUBLICATION 1812). CAMBRIAN SECTIONS OF THE CoRDILLERAN AREA. With index. 1908. Pp. [Title] + 167-230, Pls. 13-22. Published Decem- ber 10, 1908. NuMBER 6 (PUBLICATION 1934). OLENELLUS AND OTHER GENERA OF THE MEsonacip&. With unpaged index. 1g10. Pp. [Title] + 231-422, Pls. 23-44. Published August 12, I9Io. NuMBER 7 (PUBLICATION 1939). PRE-CAMBRIAN ROCKS OF THE Bow River VALLEY, ALBERTA, CANADA. IQIO. Pp. [Title] + 423-431, Pls. 45-47. Published August, Ig10. INDEX. Pp. 433-497. (v) Ho dO HHH mn & WwW 16. £7: 18. 19. 20. ar. 22 Be 24. 25% 26. 27. 28. SO MII ANUAYWD ILLUSTRATIONS PLATES TO FACE PAGE . Cambrian Trilobites (Bathyuriscus, Albertella, Burlingia, CORTRLOL OTR. oyu. iia Vahatre Mhatave arth ea \alelalig helene s atsla to. tasay Al oo. 42 Pe alDr ram LT OMIteS (AOC ECIG Ys oe ai cic eeu Dara iveatepate ns eed « 44 is ‘ UZAGINIOIN ES)! Ore nico tin wal Se Get 46 ‘i ‘ INI COLEIIES. Vous, cit cde See cia tees lala Boe 48 ss ner coe CN Bale nies) mvcracsiniegs che bonln, See Gieses BOE tae 50 x 54 CINE OIC MIES Sane Mca tcsanatts aya ate omebe a ote 52 MiGatnbtian, Drachionoda.( Atteniata ) sa sxcdee ss oi staNure aoe eas 118 es rs (Atremata and -Neotremiata).:..... : 120 oe g (Neotremata and Protremata).... 122 i . CProtrenata janet = khan ee 124 . Schematic Diagram of evolution of Cambrian Brachiopoda. 140 . Microphotographs of brachiopod shell sections............ 164 weviap of House Range, Millard County, Utah... 02 3... 172 Vest tace or Notch Peak, House Range, Utahy,.secrc. s. 173 . Fig. 1. Eastern side of the House Range south of Marjum Prec aM elle tetrenc.cy era! shyt earemais oe oko Sttes eee hereon the mares 6 178 Fig. 2. Ridge east and southeast of Antelope Springs, WOtises eat tba Uecker rtm hata Mh ciate re oierenegata hat ch dias 178 North side of Dome Canyon, House Range, Utah......... 182 West face of House Range beneath Tatow Knob, Utah.... 184 Lower Cambrian quartzites, Inyo County, California...... 186 Eastern side of Sherbrooke Ridge, British Columbia...... 207 Fig. 1. North Ridge of Castle Mountain, Alberta......... 209 Fig. 2. Southeast front of Castle Mountain, Alberta...... 209 Mount Stephen, British Columbia, from the north........ 210 Ridges southeast and west of Lake Louise, Alberta....... 216 Camectan Trilobites CN cud tamil tik si fau's ere eh swrhe cere blake 380 z es (Elliptocephala, Olenellus?, Pedeu- MEADS Vial 2 be habbit Ree et iabee bee benek en) Sena eS edna Ry eck 382 Cambrian Trilobites (Elliptocephala, Pedewmias)..,..... 384 * CIE ESONIGES os Shae wpe yas Bees oe 386 od Freie to (de LOM, TT OLAG) He accin seals Bk 9 N's 388 os * (SF Bah (000 76 Rae na eae Se RE TONY CTE 390 Vill ILLUSTRATIONS TO FACE PAGE 29. Cambrian adn GH ofinaa) Patt saws eta 2:6 2 ohne 392 30. rd (W anneria))\- Oo etn et 304 aa. " i CU GHREFUL) (stasis hee se ee ee 396 22: “ < (Pedeumias) | ses ote eee 398 33. * (Ped ewmias) ooo. Aiea 400 34. ) * (Pedeumias, Olenellus) ........0. 402 ain, i a COLEUS) i es cols 5, 2a a eee 404 36. cS fi (OTMBNUS ors Jas os a ee 406 27. sh ny (OPC CTIAS ) i: in 0 oka Beater ett ee ea 408 38. ce * (Olenellus, Callavia, Wanneria)..... 410 30. a COWEN CTIUS ).o cin. ciarshnin See aetna eters hl ae 412 40. ee % (Olenellus, Olenelloides, Holmia, PRUCHLU DY 2p oe a iricieie cath of hone oe oe, Re le 414 41. Cambrian Trilobites (Olenellus, Pedewmias, Callavia).... 416 42. S - (GOLA) paves cs, -35 «812 mpee een mere 418 43. Eyes of Limulus and Olenellus. ........02 2200s e ec ee eens 420 44. Genera of Mesonacide, showing lines of descent.......... 422 45. Fig. 1. Panoramic view of Bow Valley from near Laggan, PA eth e152 chi aae ayake so sot att eens tee idieis

«cu arte a sega heen 86 SUuDSICUG Wea; NEW VALICLY ag smicatent ss ao% eo wisve win Wile syaeene 87, pl. 8, fig. 15 aSSoGlated fOSSUISwIISESC ceeuetciecs cies siete clas << sleleietet=fetetero terse irene 87 compared ‘with Acrothele: SpuUrrt oo... . 2204s «cule oleic pee 87 Acrothelessuustdua™ sos... \s siorelain heros eee eee 87 progenitor of Acrothele subsidua . 2... 6. .<2% 0 scot ae eee 87 stratigraphic positionvand association... ..........2.%.. ssaeene 184 subsidua levis, stratigraphic position and association............... 180 subsidua var., stratigraphic position and association..............+. 198 iurneri, TEW SPECIES. Sack eceric 9 ote aes os ach aise fa eae 87, pl. 9, fig. 12 compared with Acrothele borgholmensis .......... 0.0 cee ceeee 88 Acrothele ‘SRUPTH foci ins se lon Deets oss spn 88 Acrothéle: SUDSIQUG Beas as So8 xin 4 sven cts Oe ee 88 cf. turneri, stratigraphic position and association................. 196 wooawortht, NeW SPEGlES mote an io eee wise se Sse ao ee, eee 88, pl. 9, fig. 11 compared ‘with Acrothelé Spurri. . os. 00.60. sn = ine 86 Micromiira fo. raccskces (Ook o ca8 of oes oe eee 88 yorkensis; MEW SPECIES..emcctioss ve ole eke owls Sen se 88, pl. 9, fig. 10 associated’ fattia Stee cis. nsieve Gloc pices clevdie ols occ ICR eee 89 compared with Acrothele cortaceds.:...:. «0... sem seel anne 89 Acrothele matthew... osc aca. 0.00 30s eee ene eats ake 89 Acrothele (Redlichella) granulata .............0.005- 89 nattre Of associatedstatmayeeris cineca ee een NNN ict Petit 89 INDEX 435 PAGE mcrotmele Crediichella), new SUD@ENUS... <6. se dice coon ed ea eendecees 89 SIEVE fern Foc o witha en A Seer eg an ae een ak ae nr 142, 146 RAT WVIEE ACEO PALIED ai! cla eee BS ae oid byw ocala wre e's 90 PUGROLMELEMCONILG COMI ibe iTS has he Make Gory aioe) sole eiaion 89 LEE ERE Tiga 117 7 Sie RU AE RC Oe 90 SUMMON O La nee Oreos e Soke vise % os BOs ibe abs pl. 11 (pp. 140-141) granulata, compared with Acrothele bellapunctata................. 83 compared with Acrothele yorkensis..........c00c.s ccc eenes 890 ASV OVAVENG | 96-5 cleeSac oid Giro HEMI Rca Re ee 83 Pee Mere RS heer SICA ON QE io) alevyaicy ans Seinlels wie e/a a la dd veleve wlcis Melee sees 142 TIS ST ad S SAAR GEA Sons eer ee a a ePerestansioks ope 146 Petra CWS SINE ATION COL, .0s 6 esx c)oia.g tele ps v0.6) ev Stieavove die eb aoteie ole 142, 146 QU OUMLNGIIRO Ej. shy ataicraneaisleiaig ene ciaelste dtavateatand eds pl. 11 (pp. 140-141) mimor, sttatiasraphic position and association .........¢2...06sdse6 198 ama R eA ae LAS TUE CITI prarciera seh 6) v's lol «ie clade « old-slehechelWe de amelie’ eee 154 GTO O Tetons min che clee o tialek ceases Ge tan « 142, 146 Co SUITES TSEISECS 2 OSS e on pl. 11 (pp. 140-141) “EVE Era) AEP A eo a 93 attenuata, stratigraphic position and association........... 17y, 180, 181 PIPE STH SPCCIOS s « ... s. 06.5... eee. 210 idahoensis, compared with Acrotreta marjumensis................ 04 Sitatiorapuic position and aSSOCiatiON. ... 0.2 o oe kote 96 Aicrotreia depressd.ae to ctoe ee eee oe een 06 sagititalis, compared with Acrotreta bellatula..............++++0-- 4 sagiitalis taconica, mentioned... t-. vs)..1.. oor ue «= oe 318 stratigraphic. position and jassociation....5....) sue 21a, as uirichs, New. ‘SPCCieS. « 5.4 Austen ae Cee te oe eee 96, pl. 9, fig. 3 compared with Acroieta Gurvatd.y- 6 el 6 rei eee 96 sp. undt., stratigraphic position and association................ 192, 198 ANefotretacea, classification Gf... cise fs cos opti cists (ome uae Nesom eaten 142 ata hbalc\< Meee Pan RRR Dheide ure ae ee ati ies Bin ea bao mee O'S soos oo 146 Acrotretids; classification Of. 2 tin woes ee ee ate cual accent 142 GERMEG. i Bole a sare Lee eee a eta) ree et he ou ace es ohare te 146 diagram showing linesof descent: 2. .t. en: eee oe ee 140 distribution ine Camabmansstuaaeit ci eieen cele ei eee eee 140 number of genera, species, etc., referred to the family with note on GIStrIbUttOT: S24. eke cin Rolo ees eae Rice ee RL ane 141 Acrotretine, ‘classification (Of. sencccasee oa lee ote eae inte 142 CG Ks6bc\c\c ae a ero ean ne aes Cena n ee MR IR Gigo Go rola aos 146 acuminata, see Glossina, Lingula, Lingula (Glossina), and Lingulella (Lingulepis). acuminata sequens, see Lingulella (Lingulepis). acutangula, see Anomalocaris and Lingulella. Adductor muscles; defined 32 tise ene ote ee ore ae eee 154, 155 adamsi, see Orthotheca. equivalvis, see Orthis. Agassiz, Alexander, bibliographic reference. 2-20. cee ce eae sane 372 on the habitssot young: lipase ae na een arise ee ae ae 241 agnes, see Olenopsis. Agnostus. intergenal ‘spines: ins... sy. Buh othe eae «otal oe ee , 4287; bidens, stratigraphic position and association, .....:...3. :7sseeeane 181 granulaius Barrande, intergenal spines of...........:.s.5s+ 2 Same 237 montis, stratigraphic position and association...............-...-- 211 cf. montis, stratigraphic position and association.................. 209 pisiformis zone, mentioned... .). cei bw. een ee eee I4 vex, intergenaly spines: Of... 5 ha0 ons 6 sce hoo clot atte 237 sp. undt., stratigraphic position and association. .....176, 178, 179, 180, I8I, 192, 193, 194, 197, 199, 204, 205, 208, 210 Agraulos, mentioned’ . 260 8ie vase ce ewe MR see ee 318, 348 stratigraphic position and association. ...175, 177, 1890, 194, I95, 210, 212, 213, 214, 215 Alabama, young cephalon of Pedeumias transitans from described... .308, 309 Alberta, boundary, of CambnrianwWand area iiss. a. cen een ere 169 correlation of pre-Cambrian in with that of Montana........... 430-431 future: work sins ob. ciclo euitne «pete ARNG sid shone Rene ene 2 geologic and topographic maplot Bow, Valley... cee. ieeteeniee pl. 47 location of Cambrian sections measured: . ..« 12 cca suki ene I Lower Cambria! conglomerate: found. in, +... 2a. see aeeeenee 423-424 INDEX 437 Alberta—Continued. PAGE Photoerapuesnowiner bow! Valley su u: cas .e ec yess esi pl. 45, fig. 1 relative position and thickness of Cambrian formations in.......... 2 EAT y LG EXONY 2 VALLEY boa Foti to's Hao Maik aes la Pls aithalc Dake Selete ss 424 unconformity between Cambrian and pre-Cambrian in..........426-42 alberta, see Nisusia. Pipericne.a descendant of the Mesonacideé.~: ....2. 02.0. s eek be ee eee 254 Hew senus, deseribed: and: disctissed 33 ccc faces tee ee eee et 18 compared with Olenellus and Mesonacis..................+-. 19 POL AV ONMEL ANG AV SLERO MIN Si settee Seiten: GN ee eters 19 2 RECTEMROER CS eset es Ts Oe omee «TOL A eta a eae 18, 19 uSworiniatHew. SPeCleSes oss caches ce oh e satan eles 22, pl. I, figs. 4-7 compared with: Albericila heléna. . iiss io. cae Pee eee 22 LUTE TI EO SLE CUM ye ere Nat ore tt Eee aia leac rts et Siege eee ci i ates 22 Stratipraphic position;and association. .Ys/.tafa/ ene oe. ce 214 Eee WESHCCICS alos Pa latte Meat see fie 5G Need gales Bla oy 19, pl. 2, figs. 1-9 associated species on Gordon Creek, Montana............... 21 compared with Alberiella bosworthi...........0. 00.0002 eee 22 PACU INOLACS SUM OCH SIS CPs 2s «oa Miche Oe WMO aR (0 Cine 29 BIE CAME ICR eis Stich Raters a 2... de Membres reds see, OL Straiteraphiciposition and association: ... 0. 0... .<.s.-s 202, 214 sp. undt., stratigraphic position and association................ 213, 214 Albertella fauna, in Montana and British Columbia, stratigraphic position TANS CHISS Cl MMe MeN tes creiacs rics avers wusercePesbis Brcooiiehca oats BO BLD ODER eso Deecnge 203 Algoukian~sediments, fresh-water origin Of.....5...... 00.0800 ceeeeeess 252 alta, see Acrotreta idahoensis. americanus, see Hyolithes. ami, see Nisusia (Jamesella). Amphion, compared with Schmalenseeia............ 2 cc bce ence eee ees I4 amphionura, see Schmalenseeia. ampla, see Lingulella. MMe UEP TOSSIIS? LPO. cirri Wo sab «vic os sees Sate viele oes ue 2 eoeicne nie See 290 Annelidian-like ancestor, development of Mesonacide from.............. 249 annulatus, see Hyolithellus. anomala, see Wimanella. Anomalocaris ? ? acutangula, stratigraphic position and association...... 211 canadensis, stratigraphic position and association................. 211 ? whiteavesi, stratigraphic position and association............... 211 Anomocare, stratigraphic position and association...... 176, 178, 179, 192, 193 Anse au Loup, see L’Anse au Loup. aEcmnoLenotden SeSiienit < CCMNEM secs 7 5 s..c0eje esses ios + h ceinseaigeletloslew ees 238 Anterior glabellar lobe in the Mesonacidz discussed..................05- 242 patenoc iaterat (Retractor). muscles, defined: :. 4.06.62 000 ce ee ae ee 154 ANITWEITGYP SHEET on aoa etna Vela CUR 3 ee a ee 154 NII i SECA Ete YS ISIN 6k iene leltiess, Wo Biphe aloes») a aide .acope Windle a Aate 0 4 vies 154 Apical callosity, defined apollinis, see Obolus. appalachia, see Billingsella. Apus, eye of compared with that of Limulus...0.......cccc cc cece ccccees 239 438 SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS VOL. 53 PAGE Archeocyathine limestone, South Australia, fossils in.............-..0+- 110 Areheocyathus, mentioned. *>,.13./ccrn se ctotere emilee tetas) =o ae eres 300, 315, 323 stratigraphic position and association. ......05:.....5:-558 187, 188, 189 Area nidefineds & a.2.25. 2008 eatotencievete trektie ere re aha ere eee ce eine crest enue at eee ee 154 argentea, see Isoxys. argentus, see Olenellus. arguta, see Lingulella. Arionelius, mentioned: . 2.7: [eee oe nek Oe eo. as we ree 290 Arizona, fresh-water origin of Algonkian sediments in................. 252 armatus, see Olenelloides and Olenellus (Olenelloides). artemis, see Acrothele. Atticulate Brachiopoda, defined Ayia: scene eieidetae sc atin eet eee 154 Asaphiscus minor, stratigraphic position and association................. 178 wheeleri, stratigraphic position and association...................- 181 sp. undt., stratigraphic position and association..................-- 199 asaphoides, see Ebenezeria, Elliptocephala, Mesonacis (Olenellus), Ole- nellus, Olenellus (Georgiellus), Olenellus (Mesonacis), Olenellus (Ole- nus), Olenus, and Paradoxides. Asaphus, eye of compared with that of Limulus... 9-0-2 eee 239 Asaphus ?, stratigraphic position and association: .. .../¢. ee eee 192 attenuata, see Acrotreta. Atremata, classiication! OF .tuvsacicscetecra: sores eis cece rere einen ee 142 defined... Foie. d ns see aoe aoe geeenata sess oes ioe 142, 154 evolution of Senera Ole aye eee eee pl. 11 (pp. 140-141) augusta, see Crepicephalus.. Baker Lake, pre-Cambrian thrust over Siluro-Devonian near............ 429 Baraboo, Wisconsin fossils near. sock accesses eee iat elena eee IOI barabuensis, see Syntrophia. Barrande, J.; bibliographic references. < 3240.0.4-1¢. sae eae ae Cee Thisys72 spéciés namned: afters ceca ee nee apres alee ete ee ect 7 barrandei, see Botsfordia. Barrandiarlallaan’ synonymy eee ae ae ee eee eee ee 261s sur McCoy, in synonymy...) Scho. et eee ie wee eee 311 thompson, Elallecinesynionymiyiacee cee eeiactscieie cernee 336, 337 vermontang. Llallis imeisyaonwyaniyerettte seis nisi en ere eee eee 265, 305 Barrel: Spring section, described. so5.... ses i: ste ee eee eee 188-189 FOSSILS ir Oran .s././s20. ote te roeeeNee rere era lover eter ee 206, 315, 320, 323, 330 Bassler; R-'S., thin sections prepared by e-me-c 4+ 2 ene oe ene eee 150 Bath Creek, pre-Cambrian) rockssOne jam. on5 eo ceo as eee eee 430 Bathyuriscus, compared with Omyetocava..-. ... sas 50 + «eee 23, 25 howell; “smentionedmecspee ee aee reece ecco 25. 30) -S3\ecomee stratigraphic position and: association’... ...:.:.).s-..5enenen 198 occidentalis, compared with Bathyuriscus rotundatus.............. 4I stratigraphic position and association. ..\.\.<). 00s 211 OFNATWS, NEW SPECLES « ..ciecrater tied: cueeidlssociermon a etemmeate 39, pl. I, figs. 1-3 compared with Bathyuriscus rotundatus. ... 100... .0 cece sane AI mentionedm. s,s Serberticie reine wiele Ae 6 sail eee 17 stratigraphic’ position and assOciationf, ©... sce. eit 211 INDEX 439 Bathyuriscus—Continued. PAGE productus, stratigraphic position and association......183, 197, 198, 203 pupa, stratigraphic position and association. ................0+000- 211 rotundatus, compared with Bathyuriscus occidentalis.............. 41 compared with Bathyuriscus ornatus. .........0. 002 cece eee 41 mATARON ALEC. Sate eases. 242 STA) LEAT ULOMILE Sam ROR feo Nearest s, tei oeaie alana he ePccho ne Necks anh ie se als 347 ‘Din. Hane lee RlON Ghee A= Gee a Soca me AOC oo IT Oe Mole cg Smee eS 314 Heekmantown formation, New York, fossils in... ... 60.6... 005c000 cceaae 72 bellapunctata, see Acrothele. bellatula, see Acrothele. bellianus, see Platyceras. bellulus, see Obolus (Fordinia). Belt Mountain region, relation of Flathead sandstone to Brigham forma- Set aPA PMO REE IR fe E hc ain sor'c cto stoe Seve arid Way a va¥eialerh Siate 6m oWEd'w Bbpee a> A 8-9 elem ouittalthet(p ttm ieMtONe Gon. oiccth = alslels «.siciela/ cue. siels7ere ainieiece'e.« 168, IQI BelsmherranessVioiitana. Mentloned.. j 5 sec coe. e coekeld Sie dls ok oie. wiw hed 71 BVIDIO stra MES ny BER OR N DOOD LCDR EE OSI ELE eae ITT sll, 216, 372 Bibliography, C. D. Walcott’s papers on the Brachiopoda................ ae MRE RNR TI he Sa eis ke bec niko Calon RAK elles WP os Bhat enn 27 0p 3330 NES COMOIMEO Le TOSSU iLO seis sci orser kennels Peo aiee sie GIG os aeiewrn 165 bicensis, see Callavia and Olenellus. BAGG), GLOSS SUC OTN Olis GA ARO ACIS SOR eee OIE ach See ITE 142, 144 Sonam EMUMN EER oR peter yee ion came oe wich oiala vied iediee es pl. 11 (pp. 140-141) Eerie SMMCGL AS SHIN UbTO II Olin aie sapeyveve Mrcleiats oaesed uceke Lele te eee = wie stngs cheeks acres sion 0 142 GSR Er 3S Se ash gah e Ono aOR OREO UCD REE nd Se Re ner Dae 144 bidens, see Agnostus. ee OULOn WOR AsdtlyOnl,, TOSSIS, LOM esi aya.) oie slacskore do oo neal A wb vlele bes 93, 330 Petar Bet RGEC Ip ATi cy 5. Wt .ccog. eot aic te ow Aeeeassce sry ed tae eee ale 12 iBigmGottonwoodrCanyon section, correlation... ¢. «42. .:.02 cs vcs cece «08 iv Al UGE a2 Te RAS re ers oc ot Rana ag ae ey on ee 169 Big Cottonwood Canyon sediments, probable nature of.................. 170 Pie iota Maines, VV YOmine, fOSSUS I gioco. a kes nie wees sei oo vip saa 68 440 SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS VOL. 53 PAGE Billings, bibliographic relerencest es saree eee eee TED, 10m, 218,372 Bullimesciigneclassitication Ol. ieee ieee seen eae Pee oth 142, 148 compared ‘with oortis..< 6 sect ones. ab ans) eae 104 Syntrophias CAMDKIG le os ee oes ee ene oe eee 107 Wimanella ee ch See ee eka ee One CE Eee 98, 99 EVOLUTION EL. Skee eee rae pl. 11 (pp. 140-141) mentioned: {7.0 asthe eee Re ee eee IOI, 103, 109 DSeucdospondyluimm silo cee see eee cc eie eee eee 159 appalachia, compared with Wimanella shelbyensis............00005 100 bivia, ‘mentioned, : yi. 25 tosek be tncs0e Sloe e Sen Sen ae ee 300 Goloradoensis, associated stossils listedian.t a. se akan eee 110 compared. with Bilimgsella major... ... 5) 2.02 see ee IOI Billinesellayplicatellass 2 seen oe ae 99 Wamanella simpleton. cs on vet et ee IOI THEN ELONE Avice oe A NN) so RP SONS tn ae IIo stratigraphic position and association...........192, 193, 196, 198 thin'Sseciiony OfGi eee ce eas Ohh eee eee 164, pl. 12, fig. 1 exporecia, pseudospondylinmiuim. co os a. cone eke oes a eee 159 highlandensis, compared with Wimanella simplex.............00-. IOI Mentioned se A wee Batele e ee ae Heus TA Ree 99, 345 stratigraphic /position, and association....... .o.+ eee 184, 187 MIAO NE WASPECIES TO ae ts Ghee aeincicis Wolsles eee 1o1, pl. 10, figs. I and ta compared with Billingsella coloradoensis.......:...+....s00- IOI WMAKLON, NEW. SPECIES. poet oc vouusrieteoeian oticusveteia Sse meeaees 102, pl. 10; ties associated, fossilsslistedis som oi: a ny-eg Secs ease Cee Roe reeeeerene 102 compared with Bullingsella salemensis....................-+ 102 stratigraphic: position and ‘association ?. .. fi2.-:.. .2ee eee 212 plicatella, compared with Billingsella coloradoensis............045+ 99 compared with Wimanella harlanensis..............0...000+ 909 pseudospondydiumal Mes... acnsd eens foe ete eee eee 159 thin section sigured eres Ae od hws dete. t ees eee ere I51 salemensis, compared with Billingsella marion.............e0.000- 102 sp. undt., stratigraphic position and association............ 183, 195, 209 Billingsellide, chemical composition of shell compared with that of Othe veers ce eine eae aca OES ae eich el eee 152 ClassificatlomeOPn. fe rwcentetoties ec aicciemeokensiol seek ene one ST ee 142 compared with¥Ordovictan’ Protrematas 5-1-0. - ee ee ees defined >, (..5' 5 38): 45. tie ok BE cae nts sia Sige eet derivation rom. A tremiatarikeeiotms dock oe ok we ae ee 152 diasram|showang; line on descenthr sss. Sk skies sce ie eee eee 140 distfibution.in ‘Cambrian’ strata... cois0.. 2) ic... ates hoe 140 microscopic:.shellsstructureane ss. or) <.f Cac Ore A ao eID placrhnhcion 33,35; 30 stratigraphic position and association. ....... 06... sees essere eeees 211 Burlingidz, compared with Cheirurida. ............. eee eee e eee eee eens 14, 15 compared with Encrinuride and Conocoryphide.................+- 15 GheGaVeyal) ace ee ee se Pace ea large GEA WR ICS SPR erga t meet MONE 14 iGnet Gommiyae texas eTOSSIIS, dil. sstaeta sv ciexsievevel- cecil ove crenatece sieleytfer ae! «rau cliete hate 71 FHIMESECHONS OF LOSSIIS MnOMs meres aie ok cae cee aionstotel el si. retell. 164 Beet dl niblioprapmic HELETeNCe sc... 6 ec che wos epee Mewes os ahtne Slates 372 burri, see Callavia. Bet Se tithes. F MEMMONED isle wie cic ice tectiey seats oss Seeker dae se UN UN St 308 Bape smile da athebs 249 PEMA AM hi GIStni tone Olee selec aiclcne atten esleleniele olela raeelo ne 253 FEN ANO NI AITNs Se OG. Achbe DOO eI Or IORI chee ae Reo hase a MiDene rae. coe 275 TEMS V MENG HANECGl = Sach Gach BME PaEkor CRRA It OER Te oma eee SORE 236, 248, 250, 205 HEte GePekainon proposal Ol tETiNls * cacy Agee. Res Sek as, Soa si ae aslet em 276 Species, teierred to the menus Nsted o.oo dc scars Gelling’ wale Baja 232 Steatiorapiic UistriDULiOm tabulated. <2... sh sjcias n'a am eta reie sel sfentelale: «re 251 Shilo trp UC yT ATL Oe sarees eee ert, otesere icles ei oe wae ical atabe er oesteneiouay ae aueteetr erst. 276 CABYANE CG (LRT CEG Er ar Sas ee oe ge ge See eC de MN aL 250 Callaviatbicensiss new. SpeCi€S ne < . acess sc esiele soe se tals 277, pl. 41, figs. 9 and 9a RANE ECSU ere). ve Paeldie pe bfac) dct arava tere Om.at oa are RE tes sabia teytee 279 Compared, wit Callavia CrosUyt ie ied nats bed aide ode oa dn vate aee 278 ARES TAA STAC Cluaaterencee ites voxel ays takche (dx fa: cpuatel statins vid laxkieeh li eehtrae siete Bie eae 247 Pee rsALAPROTI; OP COPnl LOL yin 4/s,.0 vs iecaroees each aia the Oe “elope wach taco leas 238 444 SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS VOL. 53 PAGE Callamasbroggert (Walcott) ccs aces 279, pl. 27, figs. 1-6; pl. 44, fig. 4 INMatthhewssttl S¥MONVilyan.tctakickrctso Rien meee teeietsicleier tence ere 279 Compared with iCalavia*OWrin’. te mice rere ace te ele ieee eee 281 Callavia calleiver 8, Senge a an Pee Nak Ree eos ee 282 Callawia CrOSBYE Morac eles SE ees oe 284 ERO WAIG RA CHULL ei ie och BORE itt CT ae ote os on ee 276 Peccnella' td dirigesriee 5 ten seer onsen Ree ee 344 WW ONWCTIG. Ge oh ene ete oie les Siahol ea le 297 VAGNNEriGs WALCOLGNUS ie cece = =a rene tiee eee eee 303 Hy OSTOMMA NOK aoctos eae GRe he tereeav cs a nee tole ats ine le een ace east a ee 244 mentioned’). .2 i400... dete. sss. 3.245, 246, 247; 276, 277) 270s eae stratioraphic: distribution tabulated sa. s/t)... sd «ya -soeueteete ee eee 251 Galiausa burr; new Species: s. yegeee eo a Fa 280, pl. 28, figs. 9-10 compared witheCollavtbrO gr Gewiem al crs sce sie eiepre een 281 Callavia cartlandi as representatives of a new ? genus...... 283 COllagraher OSONLIS Bote Feel oye ean eae ae Oe 281, 284 Collate? mevadensis sie irae ie we ike Dd a ee 285 MUCTIELOMEG 2. Mary eee ee w cette, cess sane tae ia Se oe a CATE 27 O Wee OM Oe stratigtaphic, distribution tabulated), 2.2)... 222.125 scerasla ee Em Callavia: callaver:.CMapworth hives jie ss» os ese earn 282, pl. 42, figs. 1-2 Matthew, sans yao mymayectar seeps ses euco ae he os one's Rec ee Orble eee eee 282 Compared’ with allawianbrogeera..mc.se sau. secon eee sue 282 WAC EHIOSUGIGOLLANUS Dc. ox. 3 saie os Sal ete a eee 303. TODKES TUCO} ATG PRO es ON ai ot CO OMMn Ra a calitzi ZIT. aisle Stratigraphic distribution, tabulated 2. 20. acs. oy slong 251 Callasiaveartlands dR aw. NUS semen seen eens ose aaa 282, pl. 42, figs. 3-4 compared with Callavia burri as representatives of a new ? genus. 283 Waniveraig ug GCOWLONWS ic tetcscnne nacbhev Citar wks ola eee 283 MUCHTIONER 7 hoe cies aes CR OG ee eke Ee a ae ee 247 Stratigraphic. distribution: tabulated... 24000 s0n Joe os 5 aon eee eee 251 Callavian ChOSRV1, MEW + SPECIES ig whet meee cae alee ce eco ore 284, pl. 28, figs. 1-8 Compared swith) GallaziasbiGensise mnie sere cl ieee ee eee 278 Call Guia DROS SCTE Rte crie nin, esata 2/7 me ele 2s Hee) als, a 284 Callavie UURH4 ive nee hoot ee a ckpa in Sts wb ee aa 281, 284 Olenellus TO gOAe tee or ion hk oe Re ee 334 HY POStOMaANOL Groce O TR ROEM ee lnc es Ie ae ee 244 mrenitioned 5 ic cAu. aise sistiem alee ls Somtew osia's secs. 247) SOT OMe ocean stratigraphic «distribution aapulated...2:.'.... 2. calc aces woke chee eee 251 Callavia nevadensis, new specieS.......................285, pl. 38, figs. [2-14 compared swith” Gallo deougi cere ema. < sisfcsarsia f ciiete ts ee ee 285 Oleneligs Clb er ig tsuneo eed nieion OL cas oe ie cae 285 Peographic. distribution” Of, ajeioews cic isso ok o/s’ tate Oc 253 Mentioned: “Veeck tie’ gee tee See oa ka a 247, 328, 345 stratigraphic distribution tabulatedins +...) sd nA ee 251 calligramma, see Orthis. cambria, see Syntrophia. Cambrian, brachiopod genera occurring in divisions of....pl. 11 (pp. 140-141) conglomerate at base found near Laggan, Alberta................. 423 INDEX 445 Cambrian—Continued. PAGE deycronimnenear Btachsopoda: int. 6 84 oats ae kt Gatco noe leprae bh ats I4I qisteibution Gf-brachiopod> families: inssc 460c oe hoe eke woe 2: 140, I41 unconformity with pre-Cambrian in Alberta................... 426-427 Cambrian latid: area wextentsand, relations scans, stsisteie sek Sere oes Oh Mele os 168, 1690 Cambrian (Lower) of Montana and British Columbia, compared......... 203 Cambrian sections of China and Cordilleran area, compared............. 172 campbelli, see Syntrophia. Camp Creek series, correlated with Hector-Corral Creek series.......... 431 Canada, correlation of Mount Whyte formation with Pioche formation... 12 canadensis, see Anomalocaris and Olenellus. r Canadian Rocky Mountains, future: work. inv... ss <.: sieenc coset sees tec 2 location of Cambrian’ sections measured. 0.0.0.0. joc ce nolo wo eens I relative position and thickness of formations in................... DH Carboniferous rocks, section of on Dearborn River......5.......-...+.. *, 200 (Caseaihaghl eunae’ Gkenmnetel Ste seek chs Ripe RC coe ea eg a PU RE RD 155 Patginaloxtremities= GemMaed’.'., 9 ii eers Soe 6s acca heed cwidviaent go bbe oeileceloke 155 CPA EIT er VESTS [Seer gems (eu 20 (Oe ly RR PD eine re eR 155 SanciimialeshOCESS EC Cline Uetsier. eerste Sy -rees cyerere os Seeene erie Top hmeicierale sarees 155 AP cinecl atch Me SLO DGG sea CE CLITTE Ciearare teleccn che eee, ae is thse Ree ells Eat ee bac cay od ta 155 carinatus, see Hyolithes. Carpenter ber bibliographic neheremCes s2 se von isle dices cvs etcdethe cles 161 cartlandi, see Callavia and Olenellus (Holmia). Gaspienvranmtiaime Alberta, f0ssils (O14 205 2.8 hose 2 code o a vistes « 208, 212, 214, 319 relative position and thickness of formations on.................. 2 See OMe Va feat ens INU rane etait roa Miiralics rial ouitists Baca awe pl. 20 Castlem Mo nntaine GLO. SUDGtVISIONs O04 na.0.2 00 2c clase Seige eee eee 2 eaten ARIAT Ie. (COLTCIALEM oo «cans states aed Hela Seca ethene ates 171 CSAC) SSS SA nee ae ape eae eae ab ee URES a Rm 7s oie Ag 4 Gactie Mountain, view SHOWING 16/0 cies ion ov aie Naa cb sea pl. 20, fig. 2 Miasinee DOS WwOLl. | SECHOR + Giles ao oc coco ccsa kena vies Cle aR Seles 212 Maisibe Lene, VAC W. (SHOWING —c cal. cae olcws vice ote o ecdesce tesla pl. 21 Medien E-OMIses VIEW SOWIE.) 6 at Sci sas uv csodiele sia, dlosmece cee ply22 eared eNUCuCror) MtISCles, Gefined. 0.2 sheace se wea bok nee ie meee od alle 155 Cephulacanthus Lapwotth, in Synonymy. ©... ...-.0c6.-ce. cess. 274, 275, 286 PRO GI Crs aneOrehy. 30 SYTOBYING © .ncnc oes < cm ove oid ocnla s wlels cuslintalone 279 pallages Mapwiorth,. iit, SYNONYMY vee) wack. . wana Lh nla en setlowen 282 Rierals eapwmOrth,. ith SyMOTLYIMY ss sh< soos Gade viv baths ere tece bone 280 PeMmEMon a Gevelo pment: OE... ia 2 scenes seta cee ct se GAG ee tn aden Oe 236 Bsa UUL PE PUTER UMN 0” oo. Shay Pant DEAE owecales crave ns pesie oe xcs oy ees Mistions ee ade 237-238 Metatany cen clate waweden: fOSSIS, M1.) saci. ssc ob cetemade wield catncsinde'e 85 Ceraurus, specimens of found lying on their backs....................... 241 heaie-nia dumestone,-Ching~ fossils: ifs 25.0%. .ca sain ouic ps Seale comatle 2e 76 mncininde,< compared with: Burlingide. 0. csi. de dine ces cadets ees eT 15 Mier MMCER SISTANCE ARATE « ss) ofS crake dia, o's wie: atcha ok Onde Rios TO ee oS Le ete TEES 155 China, comparison of Cordilleran sections with sections in.............. 172 papetsaby, CLUDE Walcott, onrfatinas: Ofc) ticten tsetse he bere 53 cingulata, see Kutorgina. Cimcignaw, Ohio, thm sections, of fossils: from:.4-.4) 3.5 Saleen. 164 446 SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS VOL. 53 = PAGE Clark, William B., species named after. .........ccccccceccccccececcnes 80 Wiatke! jot. M1: acknowledgments: 222/222 5 ti Sine eeele So ad oh eee 235 PENS omATAed, ALLEL «.°s.0 5's eee ae wees ere Pe omens eres ieisio e chenie ee III Clarke, John M., and Ruedemann, R., bibliographic reference............ 372 Clarkella, new genus, described and discussed................0eeeeeeeees 110 GRASSMACHELOT Oss o.oo are orcas aot Oe eae Elere ato tao eT nee 142, 148 compared with Syntrophia, Huenella, and Polytechia............. III QMOLUEOM s OLIN e ocicrs see ee ee Tee oe eho pl. 11 (pp. 140-141) clarki, see Dearbornia. Classification of the Brachiopoda 2 0.2) 24: S00: ¥.0 ae ee ee eee 141-148 claytoni, see Acrotreta and Olenellus. Glewelandesiennessee: fossils fromm o.052) 23. 23.0 a) oie Se ae eee 310, 340 “Gobpold. Hass... bibliographic reference’ --36..0.03-. -. nae. oe ree 372 CotestG=cAes)., bibliosraphic(referenge <2... 4... . J2s5 86.50. eee 372 collent, see Acrothele. coloradoensis, see Billingsella and Eoorthis. columbiana, see Philhedra. Gomleweatiarry, fossils arom «, s/s). « Sjelein gs ous es os Ok Oe 282, 283 Conleyssandstone,, fossils: fromml...¢ os. 2. 2).0/c ee ae oe See ee Oe 282, 283 communis, see Hyolithes. Corcepon. Bay, tossils-from. .....0 sce. sche Oost ss ee ase Lee 280 Conocephalus cf. perseus, stratigraphic position and association........... 211 Conocoryphidce: compared. swith Burlingidzes.. 24-5... aes ae eee 15 Conradach.wA\ hibliographic Teferencess s o.m-. ractieeias rere III, 161, 218 contracta, see Vanuxemella, cordillere, see Ptychoparia. Posdileran land-area-in Cambrian: time... .¢,...7.o2ee02 estos cee 168, 169 Cordilleran sections compared with those’in China...................0.- 172 coriacea, see Acrothele. Corral Creek formation, photo of near Fort Mountain........... pl. 46, fig. 2 SEBELON OE S215. os aide errs olacceelamtele ig inane is Sienna: ee ae 428, 420 Corral Creek-Hector series, correlated with Camp Creek and Kintla- SHER PEERE “SOLIEB is «coed o ais « wie, Se tsnre archnrdghaie wakes oe oie ae «ca en er 431 corrugata, see Orthotheca. Corynexochus romingeri, stratigraphic position and association.......... 21 costata, see Acrothela prima. | Craniaceass classification Of ..cisc ss Soot oan eee ee 142 ras Th oVe(c ee emis rere ta oA I ERE Pia Aan ie GENS rida co.0 0 - 147 Gramm: adehned: -)os5 2a 25 Zeek teas te ek sae coe aloes pee 14 Graniudas -chassthication) GL.c...0 5 css a2 sos sles «20 eee a eee 142 ete). vecaek Meo Dae ce Prelttn sie eele eee he oat B olehe Oe SIR ee 147 dideram ‘showing; line of descent kins oa cieleles sao ee eee 140 distribution: insiGambrian | (strata. os o:. ais os.te sete erate a eee eee 140 crassimarginatus, see Olenellus thompsoni. crenistria, see Micromitra (Paterina). Crepicephalus augusta, stratigraphic position and association.......... aged liana, stratigraphic position and association. ...........se.seeces 184 texanus, stratigraphic position and association................. 177, 178 sp. undt., stratigraphic position and association. ..175, 176, 204, 205, 213 INDEX 447 PAGE crosbyi, see Callavia. Crow Nest Pass, possible pre-Cambrian near: ... iopeeris dienes eccrine es 430 DERE RRs Ste Stan aSe eA as charg «oie aU Wei cgete) WeEarDOrMiG wah wicleiewie oss cae vale «owner ee 80 VOLO OL Gee BIe halve dee tereleia oie s, Plea MMelaeshelsjene Ss pl. 11 (pp. 140-141) discoideus, see Obolus. Dolichometopus occidentalis = Bathyurtscus occidentalis. ........00.0000 4I Dome Canyon; House Range, viewHotse: «..cc.0s sto. <= .« ose cee eee pl. 16 Dome: formation. comrelated’ emule). ter cioce 2 -tey eres ci eteye ener eeket ete ee I7I Clefitied) "s. 3. 21.15, oars mis eer emer prigtalislele eta cieres ine. ot chee CRI one an II Jeleivohah(ey MMAR op a a one ao Adm ago MOA Hae ees 182, pls. 16 and 17 Dorsal valve,” cennied., des sates ateass oie cahsis «lets xs sa sue se 5 alt 156 Dorypyge quadriceps, stratigraphic position and association.............. 195 INDEX 449 PAGE Dorypyge sp. undt., stratigraphic position and association.181, 183, 195, 197, 199 Dorypyge (Kootenia) dawsoni, stratigraphic position and association.... 211 dubia, see Lingulella and Siphonotreta. Dunderberg shale, new formation name proposed...........6...8.se0000. 184 Dwight, W., B: bibliographic references. .... 24... 2.505005 0086 oa Soted IIr, 218 BePisle Sar yal fem tO SS lam EGON tet teorcislscfenciis are sis 4 sl nleveversis. oho e/aleravads Nauts Sn Ramee eae 340 rare eee MONT TAs TOSSUS TNs, occ ce cs sa s.ce os vapiadcecsamacesuidneene 107 PPC ree ALCO, 1h SVMOMYVINIV. so ei sci esas fevers seth a o4 i Gstee wate career ee. 267 aS poteeseNlatcoule in SYMONY MY ...0.:.. 25 oor. 6 faire by sedes warstale) sents 270 Maen tornation, thin-section of fossil from... 2. .600565 oe. je bee ce eee aes 164 BidcvonmGeorre, DibNograpmic Tererence. +s. ..o. canna datiateccedacese cobs 273 TATED. ses Aocceksee oo giro o eC Ooi PERRET ROC eS Mon Geb Maney ae 254 Bichwald) €. E.:vor, bibliographic references... 22... 0%. 0.0. oes III-112, 161 PRAT OEAIAION, COPPEIALEM : 2 nie... « aise en we Sale 6 objelierels wlan aieytivjorae iersie oale o's 171 GEMMA, - seergetctondis Gore Oe a ORCS RINE RRO PERT E Ciicitc nie era ere 8 Gin GOlump lay tOSSIIGUTIIs == cack ci taettlsl nicole ane arc eiicletemoalfic cteis 61 Gastle Mountains views! ShOwWing@ s.r. oc occ sce se ac pl. 20, figs. r and 2 TOTNES WOE VSECHOL Ol, ssl vccss 6 cja's cde © Sols des Chistes gps mya ties 208-209 Mimtinimote pMene view SOWING sy scicsjecs «Gera = noel cies eee epea se crore pl. 21 Eldorado limestone, new formation name proposed...............2ee00ee 184 Eliptocephalus, see Elliptocephalus. eM MEME MES LIC APIO Qi wistadrte, aievn aia ota! ace” s/acs) hoogld wiers ora.s. ables Sa ceeb as 142, 144 compared with Obolus and Obolus (Fordinia)......... 0.000000: 65 PRPEROEMRARO NS Seen ites oct e rc ays, ayayavs Wiss, etl Covad s Sik phe: asesate 8's pl. 11 (pp. 140-141) Elkania desiderata, compared with Obolus (Fordinia) perfectus.......... 66 ‘RU OME! v2 o.cieloaeid ay S DECORA OLE RSID ers a aa 85 I Bee AS SINC AUIOMAOD cine wc ccs cove oe eek ts poets cout ete gece de epee 142 OEE aE. i Acted Liha NS ear ce eins a Se a ee 144 ella, see Obolus (Westonia). ella onaquiensis, see Obolus (Westonia). mlprocephmla FOmmMOns §.'.2 sos ace ee bee eee bee oh BAER HUR ORR ERT E O 267 MEE CEG MIKES VMOMy Ayers + chiens eetnceirce clan cin se eicie ee mii em ceeete 268 Peet ONION EU. erwin! chore spree oe ve Oe hd ee de hes 2 e207; 268 PMO MMR S VIMO MY Ver ele wee as ere osteo. tau ee ee eed ara boaters 267 Mathew yaaiile Sail OLuyinyne ee reese rata Oh rie cee eid! oro ree re oe wean 268 Prem Oreo ainellaie LO Mettler mrarsnterec oases sess cers chalet einer tsi mals siete 243 COMPAL MyvAtVNESONGOLS Vom ae crate cycre foo ke auals ao oho) olSloeea whe cols cee eleie 269 INR TOC K Sy be aan OETA Se Reh ARS oie eee ane ee] OEY In [RY CEILI TAR coped eer eh Sn CEI Deel oa gC Sa eT MERE 5 208 Celitanina tion eo tars CIlSeera Rm) sistas a sicts Merete yee cpt tiers hi col donee hate 247 development of -shownan Giaenaim:. ioc). diye chaoui ns hab ek ened we 249 MEET MELO e POOL AI Ihl..os Cacia mers wncina coh aidsinle We > urate was fs 244 PNR RIDERS ne RNS «csi cere Me pea ae i) GR «bisa pid Ron “lath have iors 230 CendipatidemtenenAlySpines: It s.r msc he siseis Saket aetna aeclokens, © 237 eee NAEP AS EDU DUENGTTY. OF cca) clalat o vis sonia, Bare a, borehg ealeey ett otok Be baw s 253 PEM In Aare eiaiders Wsie'A\\ vie a> iw emigh sects 230), BAB, 2AO? 250; 268, 300 MtrOGemtT POStCRIOne SEOMENES OL. = 15. st. ti. oan vob wets weal nda an eiely ore 269 BepaetatOT Oe -COMNALON.. 3. 5. -F eesti lk foc asb Genk /aarins we edie gree os 238 450 SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS VOL. 53 Elliptocephala—Continued. PAGE Species referred torthe wens listediepmeesscinee ate acts seinen 232 stave in development of thorax defined@ asses s.r 22. ocr eerie ae 244 Stratigraphic “distribution: tabulated. as. eee ee oe eee eee 251 stratigraphic ‘range of... 3402 eae tenes eee 268 zone, defined... uc shhd.eds coche vee Ce nee ee oe aC ae 250 Elliptocephala‘asaphoides Emmons...... 269, pl, 24, figs. 1-10; pl. 25, figs. 1-18; and pl. 44, fig. 3 Cole in' synonymy :ccy 62.56 S. dew ee ts ee 271 Emmons, ta-“Synonyimiys ses.csl.04s aioe oe oc Sante cae ee = ae oe eee 269 compared with Nevadiauweekst. 2.0. asa: 2-6. 522 on ae eee 260 Olenelloides armatus’......+....+-->- PEA taro n:6.0 9.0 346, 349 Olenellus claytoupinn2 fac edea s 6 ean 1 Oo eee jee SIG Olenellus-lapwortht. Soones sts c seen ens ee ee ee 332 Olenellus logan mien orotate eee ene eke eee 243 Strationapiie Gisthibmiometabpitilaredi. + -- 11. citeic eeneel cee arene 251 young compared with those of Wanneria ? gracile..............00- 299 Wreanmeria WNaligncsnccieres ethnic oe 6 0 «1s, hair ees ee 207 Elliptocephala thompsoni Miller, in synonymy..................eseeee0es 287, Elliptocephala (Mesonacis) Beecher, in synonymy................eee000- 261 Elliptocephalus Emmons, in synonymy...........0.0cececscceceeeucesees 267 Matcou, in sSymonymy a. eete ites ois o/c. nays as ot co onl 267 adsaphoides Bimimonss iy Symomiyintys «00.2 sce 4s. - Sees 269 MEK eelbbenhak shias(honani\agd ap od ae eC AOR eo ce boo Co a50coccc 270 (Paradoxides) asaphoides Emmons, in synonymy.............- 260, 337 (Schmidtia) Marco, int Synonymy... «. .- cca eile eee 261 mickwitay Marcou, in Ssymonytiy...-....+.ce sees eee 262 vermontana Marco) im Synonymy. ..2.-. 0... ace 266 Elliptocephalus, see also Olenellus (Elliptocephalus). elongata, see Stenotheca. elongatus, see Obolus (Westonia) and Olenellus lapworthi. Embolimus rotundatus = Bathyuriscus rotundatus.........0.cc cee ee eens 4I Emigsvilley fossils frome oece accion: oct cis asco 6 ne ee eee 340, 341 Emmons, E., bibliographic Teterences.,.<.. .... 2... 0 st tone eee eee mee fc 373 emmonsi, see Hyolithes communis. ; Empire shales, Dearborn River, mentioned......<..2. ss cen see eee 203 Enctinuride, ‘compared ‘with Buslingides.. .... 2:2: anemic etn 15 endlichi, see Micromitra sculptilis. Endoceras, stratigraphic position and association........ 2. eee IQI Eocystites ? longidactylus, stratigraphic position and association...... 184, 107 Moorthine: classiication Ot. a. piariteetetcrrate) oe ale cre oe fanyetenetels eit ait eae 142 GER TEG 22 ais.i5id ovat eos vaterer ete a ela eieicrerdOo.one oss 0's leis 6S ee EY ae ere 148 INDEX A451 PAGE FE ANCIAL AG. SAREE Bia B se RyR CACORE TIOIOS ere aoe OES GEO © Orth a OCA OIE 102 GlaASSIMCALLOTM OT ser mir ie acai ke coches See eee MSS sbels ce earsToe 142, 148 cUINpAced with —BIMINSSCUM,. 22.5 Kasia kame. Saw leas Kee ee 104 (CHAP ATR BE IRS Oe Bn EN aaron ar to 5 er 3 at 104 ACE LOUERISE Taian oice Bani cd ale eg ASO AID mA 104 EMGUIITIONEO Leerdetolecr. sowie eis. aco Sanda tomy ede pl. 11 (pp. 140-141) coloradoensis, stratigraphic position and association. ..173, 175, IOI, 192 coloradoensis as used in this book = Eoorthis desmopleura. basemesensis. ( Walcott), mentioned. 22%. 8...).022 ioVoe ssh oot ey wees - 104 REWOEKEYT, NEW: SPECIES... 5 ssncdsecencecseans 105, pl. 10, figs. 6 and 6a cComparedewith LOOrtMs LEMMiCNG v2... 5 aie. neice le he xia oe 105 PURO S LENE isred nis hee SONS gh nah SS COLTER ogni ee ait a eentalin Gr 3i8 106 SeaMecinimenposiiion and association. 2.2 to Am Sdy. wai. bis 2eiare TOR remnicha, compared with Eoorthis newberryi.... 0.0... cece ee eee 105 rate ripale Position, atid’ SSSOCIAtION. 2.4 «m= keys bes) alate 'eieia~'s 180 REMGME CENT Oleg 7 i taitacisicrfasces, oh aloe ee Ree 104 pled2s fiew/3 remnicha winfieldensis, compared with Eoorthis zeno.............. 106 PUEMC AIO GSNCGIES 5 oD se bie o's s hve wiseieuie os 105, pl. 10, figs. 7 and 7a compared with Eoorthis wichttensis......... 000000. seeceeees 105 Strabierapuic Position and ASSOCIATION. 22... <6 s)sc.tve . cleo oie" 180 wichitensis, compared with Eoorthis thyone...........00.0ccceeeees 105 “EIREY OTR S1g QR cad (ay ate la as ae irae ea Ae aE 104 EMTOMMEWESDCGLCS sie ctire eaters chase ctele = carebllesee Saito 2 aveitichs 106, pl. 10, fig. 8 Compared with HOorthis Wewverryt... vce selec «bidet. eee. vices 106 Eoorthis remnicha winfieldensis......0....0.c0eee eee 106 Sieatiecapmic POSition and “ASSOCIATION 5.25 eciiar OP whine aie 196 POM yEOmUSAnaStone, Swede), LOSSHS 1s. oi ais ie wis owe lbioe Sein ee be eae 55 ame opuaemena Clasciication Of; 2... 62 .46..00 0: Htc said seen see ene ee we 142, 148 PRGMIMMOMRO TA. Cerrar ") Piet 3 eee 04 fissicosta, see Orthis. Bitches sAsasabibliographie’ mefernencetsn.-e 2.2 et eee 373 flagellum, see Hyolithellus. Flat:“Raiver; Missouri, fossilscats alos. Fe. ons cee» 71 Flathead ‘sandstone: mentioned sateen eects esis cle iteeie te eee 2I relation to the Brigham formation of Utah and to the sandy beds on Gordon Mountain 6. osteo coee cake otlanfae oe ee 8-9 Flathead sandstone, Little Belt Mountains, compared with sandstone on Dearborn Rivers.’ ss hisswles ee ochaeeic s cic od loeb aie Cs one otslee ee 202 Bléexure dine; defined. ccc Stain ccacts oats Saas Nelaiias ie + oe 156 FKogelsang: “fossils. fromis: socccs..cetis ee een eis ses (eee 264 Ford, S.-W., bibliographic references. «....--+.-- +. siuee eee 373 Eord collection{epresent location Ofss. cs. - ee... ee 268 Fordilla troyensis, «mentioned... same ois cise: «© <2) ee 341 Boramen, defined. .%.. ..k eee 428-429 unconformity between Cambrian and pre-Cambrian on.............. 426 Fortieth Parallel Survey, definition of Ute limestone...................6- 7, Frech, Fritz, bibliographic-meferences.. 4. os. @.. aes eine eee 373 fremonti, see Olenellus. Prmtville, fossils from; .. YSgee ee ystts ao blow aoe 220s Sa 304, 310, 340 Fucoid“sandstone,{fossils#irom:. cae. an. s aues one ee ck ee 263 Future) works. da get sale Agnetha alee 6 fa clos 40s se 234 INDEX 453 PAGE REGhE realy WyCIMINS, TOSSUS Oss... wi. s cicldass sles else a tlve hewieiae de ces 67 geikiei, see Oryctocara. Genera Watene waa SVMOMYIAY: sec. 5c). sisleieistetrets ocleinians deters 6 fale warns 6 ee ete 286 eae PM ee rOSoils HEAL. osc ls iss s.a,yes aeisea a bye tate SIN Se Dowie Ble es Bele « 69 Serena WEF 1 ets CL CLINICAL Srini2 ct ciwisig) = ox a's » a ofa.c ob ws sste bl Fe (oimyatele le Bae aie aterw eles 156 era oieny ChiGiihn fOSSILS, [LOTT cles auie's = -)-a es pc ose eRe Sonu mae oe 8 266, 339 ecOrolelius AVobero, “ins SyTONYILY cee 153 harlanensis, see Wimanella. harlani, see Paradoxides. Harpers Ferry, fossils: from: sac sar.lemvodecsest ae alors Sco ss icon a) 2 te ee 340 Hartt, C. B., bibliographic reference. . 12 ..n a oids. aes cio ee 112 hastingensts, see Eoorthis. Hawieins County, Tennessee, fossiletinw,. 2.50. ¢ ures 2 eo)et-ts. 010s oe 96, 108 © Hayden, F. V., species natned vatteto...2c..0con cs 0ee eu sss eo een 56 haydeni, see Micromitra. Heart-shaped cavity, definied:,.: i4.c< 0c etc cee paid cn an ole 157 Hector, Sir James, species naied fatter... .2).<(5 «es 2. Ane ee ee 17 Elector fonmation,tnesh-water rome iol. se ee eee ie ee eee 427 olnouey (One mecha wsoye Miloygiaumhiole oo hoocodadscdosgcokdohocc ost pl. 46, fig. 2 near, Ptapmican Lake = -e.merce sercern eee ete ne pl. 46, fig. 1 SECHON OE qi. love cic sd sere w elena s Sisl's Sobre age age cae ea eee 428, 420 uncontormity with Hairview formation: ... vic ..../0< ates seen 426-427 Hector-Corral Creek series, correlated with Camp Creek and Kintla- Sheppard SERIES! co ste.s 5. S.sseilws afew isso} artesian e F o oe oceleb gts Stee eee 431 hectori, see Burlingia. Helena, Alabama, Tossilstieatin.cnsacvce toe aloe op ie oe ee 60, 63, I00, 302, 310 helena, see Albertella and Lingulella. Eielmersenta; * ClaSSiNCatiOn. OF |. mis itis oe sists suasscn tea ate Pagina naa Oe 142, 143 EVOLUTIONYON: |. Sa/ccarcracrn oie era ee ie cat in Ger eee pl. 1m (pp. 140-141) hera, see Acrothele subsidua. hicksi, see Paradoxides. Highgate, Springs, sossils from: c's 0. issn neceere cats 2s s/<) see ee 339 Inbrelolkarael evakaey Weel abiolany 045 aq oo56+edanccd obdeoocn sone 285, 322, 320,445 Pioche «formation iiss, wiieaiheee Sacala. ale edhe» « e's, 2 alee ayo eee II highlandensis, see Billingsella. Hahige line; “defined: citar. vc ve eta a cchioe:s +5 shale ose ot neta ee 157 Holl HB: bibliographicwmeference. ..5..60 «1. «ce o- -5 is eee eee II2 Holland) Dir. Ae acknowledgments. ->.,......08 sce one eee 74 Holm, G.,, bibliographic references. ..66..2..... . «nes «doe 0 wee 374 Tholitia - Matthews ciypican, a0 e siclea bed as os bs » aatearnek «400 ye sehen 286 Beecher, -i SyMOMYMYin ose ood oe 0: «ale se we « ores ol aie 286 Coley ni sVNONYMLY cis csye cis vows ol ea. aos ae ee see 286 Re Ch} \ ita SVMOMY IVA. siacsiren oo 0. 00, cs e c's) 4 o's + seo yes ante ee 286 Wind strom san) SyMOMYIMYice oc, oeds,« » 15 @ « «) «6, )avcsolaavale orator Ce eee 287 Marco Simi'SymMOnyityie as ccs. <> «2 + 02) aise ence hero cease Bere Oe 286, 287 IMMENA Ane cho ENpaleheaannWe Cod Hao hOu Go Obeoe Eee rh lyst Moos 286, 287 Moberg,, ni synonymy s.:. ds... siaisie s «0s ae Sane eee 275 Peach and sore; in synonymiy J . «+. sus. . ots nee eee 275, 286 Pompeckyj; sim SyMOnyanye cto... «0.2 ois oie wietc.cve: oa ee ene 287 Weller in iSYMONY IMI. «or oicjo%s ss! ooh eo 0d) «relia. c. eee Reheat Ree 287 anterior iglabellag lobe im t...% ...1cas oc xs 00s 00 < te eee tone eee eee 243 INDEX : 455 Holmia—Continued. PAGE Pa BARE A WT OGIATAG ois. «+ Seid wales Cae See velar. 276, 288 [EEE GED) CRORE A SERIO CPR RSET UME on oO a ERR e 288, 208 MCLANE OMEN OE MECIUIIGS Sey oy ony sisi are! even nic easelere Samed olonsra 5 syssic lors <) ae 247 MeyelOMIMeMiMOims AO win i Ciaoratl cache Gals fossils cron’ <2 « «0. sstsalasacl Raenecataslebhe oteeetesiee ysis ealehetst Sea ierentets 290 klotzi, see Ogygopsis. Knox .chert,.. Tennessee, fossils 492.5. < sisson) ctstsm'e on oe om mins = oe 108 Knox: sandstone ttossils: fromigs cscs yet cteeerls es eres tete ike leek eee 340 Koken,..Ernst,. bibliographic reference....-. 6). 20). sos sas ont eee 374 Kootanie River, possible pre-Cambrian near. .........-+--+e+e ee eeeeeeee 430 ‘Kootenia, see Dorypyge (Kootenia). Kutorea, §..S:, bibliographic seferencess 6. 0... «cae esos se II2, 162 kutorgai, see Acrotreta. Kagor od, ClaSSiNCation SOF sisis.cfe cuttin be one m n+ = ale ote le nce gina cine 142, 145 evolution of ........... Tee SE ad ecru tone wie ie aiayeiersiouh pl. 11 (pp. 140-141) nature, of shell ‘subStamce: isc, sare. n fitctescls ore ecm hee cee rae 150 HMETMETO TNE: sa sie ins cahns ars cise de Rie a inte ws cone has Se ecg eee 318. Kutorgina comeulata,) mentioned 5). s,s .0.-0-<'5 «jaieje\s nia ales iets havaleh el See 300, 315, 318 stratigraphic ‘position and association. .02:. 2... a. 3:5. eseee ee e 189, 215 thin: -SectlommOit as cinioesicion aievyninere neo ee I5I, 164, pl. 12, fig. 4 Kutorgina-perugata; mientioned: °:..'....2:.jociqee bos vic orice ble eee 300, 315 stratigraphic position and aSSOCiation: 2)... cise sols louie eee 189 Kutorgina sp. undt., stratigraphic position and association............... 215 Kutorginacea;. iclassificatioty OL: .i22)2'ci-im ese eee aero eee 142 LETTS Cg ako cece ich = roes ae Oe Sues ince oaln baat leece is ato elcg eles sin teiaie eesti ea eae 144 Kutorginudse, classitication. Of, 2.[ic0 sci: an See shite a ee eretee = ie eiets wicket eee 142 ck inbo(-(6 MERE ay ee ees SEIT EE AO DOH Coe eS oC eGUcBU Oecd bone. 145 diagram) showing lime. Of deScemts 00%). 2 «ete elierceieten + -sa1el- oie 140 distribution in Camabrian ‘strata... 2... 4s ¢ atic wc ss os «ee oe Kytkberget, fossils: fro mbiie joc sis.feje oes cdsaicjeje hausaid al eel oe 290 labradorica, see Micromitra (Paterina). labradorica utahensis, see Micromitra (Paterina). Lacepéde,. bibliographier reference. 1.722251. «tists oa eee’ fe caine +a 374 levis, see Acrothele subsidua. Lake Agnes, Alberta, fossils: neat. o.oo. jatqece ties tii eee Re 214 icake.-Lotise; Alberta;fossils mean. -2..)... +> crises. = 56-0! 4a Sete ae 506, 57, 319, 330 view Of, Mountains SUTFOMNEING sc2.\... x<)2 «ss: aisilsiers beter pl. 22 Lake Lotise fotmation, Alberta; fossils, ims. . 2... os... s2<)centeeee eee 57 Completed) occ vac mrenoas soai ie teyetetore piacioney alae.» suetetsl aia iotelicycr) sft tue aioe eee 171 dehinieds .sacnenon SS Sea re focal so, tetas; oes 0 a eiggd Gua dena te ae 5 SOCHION (Gis Vow cr etait tetas -0 «cin 149 iineula acdminatay Vall) mentioned. 252.2 ble. S ental ale cle aca O's hdc elas 72 Lingula (Glossina) acuminata Hall and Clarke, in synonymy............ 72 460 SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS VOL. 53 PAGE Emeulasma; nature iotsnell substances. sae meee tiiee oier-ve belie or eet 150 Lepepiella:*classthication (Of co. hit ancen sare ae ele ee onnm poet ee artes 142, 144 evolution: Of % sees eee a ber cee aie eee pl. 11 (pp. 140-141) METIOMEM: | :3.¢ « 2ushaa os tape eee REET ene omieteee 70, 71 acutangula, compared with Lingulella buttst...............e2000e. 71 ampla, compared with Obolus (Westonia) notchensis.............- 69 arguta, stratigraphic position and association............. 179, 180, 182 Distt st: Ne WiaSDCCIESs 2a ae ene eine eine ee Hee Eee cles eter nee ie 70, pl. 8, fig. 6 compared with Lingulella acutangula............0eeeeeeees au Lingulella terra einen on. cos asda. Ss oe ee 71 desiderata, stratigraphic position and association. ...176, 177, 192, 194, 197, 198 dubia, sttatigraphic, position and association... .....0i..ec «.eceee eee 183 ferruginea, compared with Lingulella buttsi...........0.eceeeeees 71 helena, stratigraphic position and association...........-.2.2+.e0- 198 isse, stratigraphic position and association. ...175, 176, 178, 198, 204, 209 léepis: ASSOCIabed LOSSIIS IISted: cut sme clei Oe coi ieee eee eee 85 HIEHtION EMH Ma Meneses mame any Wess ttl > .x.0 sce ase eee ene 56 Macromiira (Ipiidella) pannula... 0. 0.05505... none 56 Micromitra (Iphidella) pannula maladensis..........0.0..+. 56 stratigraphic position and: association’. :<....:)<. sos g2= eb ke eee 216 Micronutra (Iphidella) nyssa, new species. w fevcieliacs a) Site dierent Tg a El Maem a compared with Micromitra (Iphidella) fee ha Sos atte at eco eee 56 Micromira \iphidetia)tornatella, <2 das. se ka ae 57 Mictomira (iphidelia) paniiula. 2... <0 vgss oes ase 57 Micromiura” (Paterina). labradorica::2..5.. «wesandeondenien 57 Mickomiras (Paterina) | \waptd) sae) 22i- cis ene ee ieee siete peso INDEX 405 PAGE Micromitra (Iphidella) ornatella, compared with Micromitra (Iphidella) CISA Ae. Gan hd prc aca SOO Sie aan ee 57 Micromitra (Iphidella) pannula, compared with Acrothele bellapunctata.. 83 compared with Micromitra (Iphidella) louise..............0000.. 56 Macromitra Ciphidella). my ssa ou:6cox odes Poel ens eh oen veces 57 Mieromirnar Cr Gicxind ) WAP ot. ook sla oss ale os ewes « 59 ane Mein Cet Pecan are oe tars) goat Ure, rvsiey shen sso UR Pes halos 2S BO,-318 stratigraphic position and association... .58, 182, 183, 184, 197, 198, 202, AOeemiee2ie: 202) 215 Micromitra (Iphidella) pannula meladensis, compared with Micromitra MRA OR MANE Es he Ben ei tare ohe we, frm, Sie aae ok a layer oreo Bae no wb as « 56 Micromitra (Iphidella) pannula ophirensis, stratigraphic position and as- EETIDEIGT oe Nae Sls ERED ee See a nr a ee 179, 180, 198 Micromira (Jphidella) wapta, mentioned. ......5........00 2.0 ccc eeeeees 22 Macromira (PF alering), Classification’ Of... 2.00... 0 eek cs cee cece ees 142, 143 ESE EV EITC RO OR A pl. 11 (pp. 140-141) NRC MMI SPLIT wep re shy lan So cea Win chucks bce eae awles os 58 Micromitra (Paterina) crenistria, compared with Micromitra (Paterina) ae Ce rr eter O ACE. ors cred A OS bed 58 Seat et Aa POStGMeand aSSUCIAtiONs Jor sc f. cet escscccsese desde cs 176 Micromitra (Paterina) labradorica, compared with Micromitra (Iphidella) at Ap Be Re ie ora. wishes Sac dlswis ss 's is ekice oe 57 compared with Micromitra (Paterina) wapta.......... Mops joe be 50 Mircromitfa (iphidella), Wyss... 5s. ccs bo oon es ee we none oh ee 57 Seratiaranimc: position anGmaSSOCltiOnN. 5 sc sc sinie'e wee ve asp cdelce 213 Micromitra (Paterina) labradorica utahensis, compared with Micromitra RMSE Sern Sat Aire iat ASC Se eialictd wa a ace ataiig, ot 58 Shratieeapine position and, aSSOCIatiON.<< .. 2.0 s o> = Jn0 0 ais nae 35 Neolenus. superbus’s. 6.8. ois Sola ceeloeiee = ee er 34, 35 stratigraphic position/and association: '.. 262 <%.cc -4=..-+ = see ‘, 180 Neolenus intermedius pugio, new variety.................--35, pl. 6, figs. 8-9 compared with Neolenus intermedius. ... 05.0 ccce scene eens ewe sews 35 Neéolenus superbus . sci. Sete vccpec ss dng the ets nee 35 stratigraphic position and “association... .Sivs cl. «alee lee 180 Neolenus serratus, compared with Neolenus inflatus..............0eeeee 33 compared with Neolenus superBus...... 0. 0cccc eee nee s eos ene omens 38 MENELOMEM pees Sioiasolade oreo arene ave Nolen ¢ ounayrele Be apaceeee Ake eee 35, 39 stratigraphic position and jassociation......-.)..-)-- 25 -=-err eee 210, 211 Neolenus superbus; New, SPeCles, 09. o).-- same so ) 5 eee 36, pl. 4, figs. 1-5 compared -with .Neolenus milaius. ... 25 2.2. soe 2 cee se eee 33, 38 Neolenus intermedius i ivi0 oc.crs cece scroniele ies) sisielel elo eee 2485 Neolenus aniermedius Pugio... 00.5 ceeds co's s+ vies = le nie ee 35 N colenus. serratus 20.00. Sole ten de 350k eo thee Been 38 stratietaphic position and. associationy<.........0-- ok dana oe oe 256, 257 MGSONGCIS) choise bewie hc sie tisitn Has eles Hunslet ae 257 Olenellis oo So Ra ei ind, fe Soi ge eee 256 WanNErIG) Ret hw seed oe cle sleek die's eas oe ere 208 delimitation Of sSOnUS vo icicle oo. Coa. veiece 9 Sy eco eT ee 246 development of, shown im diagram... a. Se)... eee > oe eee 249 development of Thorax 0s... 60 others aes aes cs 2 soe ee 244 geographic distribution of) 4.0 2... oe. oe hie ss sian e ae oly 253 mentioned... ycues na scries ss vwales oes 004230, 244) 247, 248 12 el ne nearest approach to Annelidian-like ancestor.............. 250-257, 260 new genus, species referred to the genus listed...............+--e- 232 stage in development of thorax defined... ... 5205.3. s.7. cette 244 stage’ unknown in’ OlEMellUs. . mie os os oieleinaies Copan a= = oe ee 313 stratigraphic distribution tabulated... 00.2)... . ooap tie gh ere ene 251 ZONE, AELMEG. «sa videstecs sc cid Cua oen Laawnsess 17I CTC AG RS Se ee rie earache Etc ere eis ee Son Sale 6 SOQEWUE CONES ASAI Se Wee BA gear er a gor eae 2? 193 470 SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS VOL. 53 PAGE nundina, see Syntrophia. nyssa, see Micromitra (Iphidella). @bolacea-classiiication.-of (2 - hn tieen eee eee 142 efi CG! sca snc. ois adie dine Bb Get ee On oan ee eee 143 Obolelia;classitication (Ol. ¢ sycsoctants cota tsvemsieecel cle ee 142, 145 evolution of ...... sy snatete, 6% givin Wiel tre eerste pl. 11 (pp. 140-141) Shell -structure OL. 5 es fou Socotie cs an ote 149 EFASSG, MENTIONEM © ccs. cutee cadoed Acrapels Ohne Ol ee 79 thin Section OP Bot ance ee oes oie eee Cee 165, pl. 12, fig. Io lindsirdms, mentioned. o...90 soot SAokaade booed: eee 264 moveret, mentioned coy. a eae as shiva ede seine eee 264, 290 VEFMULOMENSUS... METMEIOMEM ) 452115 oxsee cee aiees (eect sue ciate le taa ace 300 sp. undt.,. stratigraphic position and association.,..4...«¢.4-0euee 186, 187 Ovolela (Glypitas)); classihcation sObaots «4h ne ene ents ue oe ee 142, 145 EV OMEIOM OF varttac.aia so aot m cohen oem ata ee dy ae eee pl. 11 (pp. 140-141) Obolella \(Giypiias) favosa;smentioned.......: 22) 2. camsente ae cela ae 290 Obolelitde* classiticationwOteeem. coven cece cee ek eee nee eee 142 MenNE | ores eek Mains bs Naacee Geka a ose TH Me RNa 145 diagram showing: line .of descents... i... 2..).2 a. 3. sc ale ee distubutionving Gambrianstiataers see etteeeaeereree ee ee 140 number or senera reterred to the family 2-2-4. 42. eee 141 Obolidz classification. Of< ici sis tern sirens lao eee oe ee 142 defined eles isco oo bs Sale Duy bk a ahaa Soe Pee Perk oe se 143 diagram tshowing; linevon descenthis- + - acl ae) eck’ ttre nnn eee 140 distributions tm Gatmbrilaiay shiva tealey eaccueri revel: ucyreteree teh cee nett nee 140 number of genera, species, etc., referred to the family with note on distribution) ses ine eRe gale cael Sees eee 141 Obolinz;- classification sOfs.5.5. 5005.5. facknee citeheniae ie oe ee 142 defined wit Rek. aah Dolor thas Aine wees Jae Sie er 143 Obolus, ‘classification Of Mick, secat sac eee oe ee one ee 142, 144 compared = with “Dearbornia...-6.. 2.0. 2c ee ee ae 7 Elikaua and Obolus: (Ffordd). 00.5... 05 eco eee 65 INGODOTUSE Macts tena kictlc <3 Da Ee AS ct eee 73) TAO criralititinn in-cioncce hee vse | 08s ot. eee ce ane 159 CVOlUtl OMMOM Star tthe aie cea ete s cee ee pl. 11 (pp. 140-141) TEHTIO NEM (has wit tt hua No oath ate a eee 61, 64, 66, 79 shell compared with that ot inenla. s..). 8.0.) nee 149 trapezoidal area: iO fiereatyteds oe oe cae son Chis gn ee ee » 159 Obolus apollmis, compared with, Neobolus, :.....¢:.....0.+6 . «: oie eee 73 microscopic ‘shell ‘struetute (of... Vin. 3, 20s. oo oe 152 LHIN SECON SuOl ee cee atten nee B51, 165, pl. 12) essen ueamicemne Obolus discoideus, compared with Obolus wortheni.................+-+- 64 Stratisraphic position watids association... sts «ace 193 Obolus feistmanteli, compared with Obolus membranaceous ...........++- 61 Obolus lamborni, compared with Obolus smithi................0..00000s 63 Obolus mcconnelli, stratigraphic position and, association. ...196, 197, 209, 210 Obolus mcconnelli pelias, stratigraphic position and association. .176, 179, 180, 181, 194 INDEX 471 PAGE Obolus membranaceous, new SPECIES.... 2... ee ce ee eee Giuple 7. le. LL EORMpPAane awit ROMS. FEISTMIOMTGLIs <5 win .% aux aleve te a viv'e 3 + owlewharsie ne 61 Siealistaplic position and assoCiatjom.. 6. fees c ere en cles ode e eee 209 Obolus minimus, compared with Obolus parvus.........0. 002. e eee eee 61-62 (DROUESPOFVUS® NEW, SPCCIES: «\.cgrcice ste ne de sae eae wale 61, pl. 7, figs. 10 and Ioa associated: fossils: listed. .0..005..%..6. Ee, Cet Nt ay eee 61 compared with Lingulella (Lingulepis) longinervis.............+-. 61 | QURARS OTTERS 6 on ogg PRES Den ae erc 6 a Or a Ceara 61-62 SRT er? So TN SE ORES SPN ape ee eee 22 Stranonapalceposiio meatal aSSOCIALION. . <4 -sis4. sike 2 sis) cre laciens © stevie’ 214 Obolus rotundatus, stratigraphic position and association........ 176, 179, 180 Msleresiuricus Pichwald,. mentioned... 2k o. oe oe = eee 142, 144 evolution of ..... ~via Deis sare Abs aes Ue co tees ees iat pl. 11 (pp. 140-141) Obolus .CSchmidtia), ‘classification Of. cy. 2 tee 142, 144 evolittion ofa sees Ho ma. ates oe Oo ao ae eens pl. 11 (pp. 140-141) mentioned! si sansa os Sanita aa ldo es Seo aaa eee 67 Obolus (Westonia) bottnica, compared with Obolus (Westonia) elonga- PHOS! odes Sos shaky As os OSE aw SO OE OE ee a ie 68 Obolus (Westonia) dartoni, new species....................-67, pl. 7, fig. 14 compared with Obolus (W estonia) cella. o:,.0ic:.ceone\ cine one 67 Obolus (CW estonia) seul PRUs seen ace Groene 67 Obolus (Westonia) ella, compared with Obolus (Westonia) dartom..... 67 compared with Obolus (Westonia) ella onaquiensis.........+.+++ 67 Obolus (Viestonia) ‘wasatchensis.n-...00. c+ =. 22-1 eee 69 stratigraphic position and association. 182, 183, 184, 196, 197, 198, 202, 211 Obolus (Westonia) ella onaquiensis, new variety, characterized, not SUITE oe oP. cic ycrate elds mua s ayabehene wrapeleetens oucls ls Joke 'avels s}y Sia .s <0 te 67 compared with Obolus. (Westoma) ella ...... «+» -'-scaaeeeneee 67 Obolus (Westonia) elongatus, new species.................- 68, play leete compared with Obolus (Westoma) bottnica........... -1-0) see Obolus (Westonia) finlandensts. ..05. 2.0.2.2) hee 68 Obolus (Westonia) escasont, compared with Obolus worthent........... 64 Obolus (Westonia) euglyphus, compared with Obolus (Westonia) dartoni. 67 Obolus (Westonia) finlandensis, compared with Obolus (Westonia) BLOWZOTUS occ aia 5, ald A EY Bape Sr eie aie dee om test ae er 68 compared with Obolus (Westonia) wasatchensts..........+.00++8+ 60 Obolus (Westonia) iphis, compared with Obolus (Westonia) notchensis. 69 stratigraphic position and. assoctation........2./5..030 pana 192 Obolus (Westonia) notchensis, new species..................69, pl. 7, fig. 13 compared with Mingulella Gmpla. <>. «» -n.0 +n celts eee ee 69 Obolus (Westonta)Mipyis®n... tauw eet sets oot dee. 313 eye! [ODES MME 5-5 sien te aac sta vera eRe iets Ree Ce eee 239 eyes of, compared with those of Lonwulus.........-.2.... 0000s 240, 327 genalfand intereenalespines: ie m.cete me sie siecic calcein eae 237 eeographie distribution Ol N. seems serait ss eels ee 5 eee eee linevextinct invwowersCambitamtimence cnc a) © c- ck.snc ce neeaerene 249 maculeson hy postomayOraaccn tee ctor ace Sen one ee eee 244 ' mentioned. ..60, 63, 81, 86, 87, 233, 234, 236, 244, 247, 250, 256, 263, 306, 317, 323, 342 non-occurrence,on | Asiatic continent 05 6... '..ne «sd ae one 314 preceded by~Paradosides-[|Whitheld]? 4... a. ons oe eee 314 segmentation, jot) cephalony.icne AEN os ae ook a ge 2s species referred “‘to~the genus dlisted iin o. b....... bs cee ae ee 232 stage in deyelopmentof thorax defied... 225 iw: aneeeeee 245 stages »passed through in dévelopments.c.... 2 (os 62.2. 0c he oe stratigraphic udistribution) tabulated 3... 6 cte4 a een 251 telson of, compared with that ofseimnulus.. 2.0.0... ne. onsen 246, 312 telsoninot. as py gidiuiinr eee pelea tec oe woke onetotie eee nee ere 246 telson’ the tmedianispinevor, Bed cums. ...cci cle 0 claire nee 245 ZONE, MASTMEM >. Giaiete etever eee mee oats oe En oe etna fa See 250 Olenelius oy gentis, new SpeCles-hee. sie poco eee 314, pl. 40, figs. 12-16 associated. fossils: disted sys): eur. aiis'd tives ate Se ee 315 compared with’ Olencllus fremontic!s: ¢ .i/:< cistensdanin.e a cee eee 315 Peachella addiiest a toaen. coon 6 on kn ee 315 INVENTIONES ae volts sae aA cleats eRe «Oe Ee ere 248, 314 stratigraphi¢’ distribution tabulated®...0. .<......cnes arene Pele) Meanie 251 INDEX 475 PAGE Olenellus asaphoides Bernard, in synonymy........... 0. cee eee eee e teens 271 BEd: Ne SVIOMMAMY Sn.5~ Soc te de be ooar apaiemmcnte ee t.t cle 6 ale es sels + 270 SIT atone 01 ch 37k RUM meagre piwene Uae eget ELE ee Wa RP 269 Ee OAMIA ITT Penman TI YPM Ste snc vias tel nakeve co hebeieks Wr eres= sa nietehs 2 '5 sslte sia 2ZO PEEGIEY — SEE SUTLOMY TIE 6 iter cs of) Sor odes NS eo ee Manes and ayF ty hehe cles wi aipuats's) = = 270 WNCS EOI: Alls VMOMY Isr cesar cle alicia Peper aeeleieras «rela, Walch eseieleseus ay * rs 272 Mattie weal, SVMOMVI yr eatery ariel casdae . 2 o<. SP Re OO ERT ne Reg Beets IS EARS EERE 239 eyes compared with those of Olenellus logani............-...64.. 235 BEVoC AMM CHAS Mp MtOTINO hee nan yeep eld oltre ade |. ciieleie ee ee e RIMES ROM EASELS vets kha «So pte omer > dh hapohety st olahuare las ahs os haaleaed o 244 SIL, SAAAONE NA TUN A SSIS O DEE ae OR CIGeiC ROLE Oe noun cir OAR Ahk ELA ae 316, 325 (aaeSah eke alla xe Pe erate REN eRe Ot crake iC ee mites cee Fee 254, 248, 314, 328 Stranerapore cistmbunon tabllatediacci decease csi. stele cece cece 251 SmaMeTapMiCc: NOSILiOM, AMG ASSOCIAPION. 2... /. vaso sie noes) aed wees «Janes Pls Olvyncilas clayton, Dew SPECIES... . 2.0.0). b ates ots oo es oles 319, pl. 40, figs. 9-II compared with Elliptocephala asaphoides............0ce ce seenceees 319 GR LELS TC UINOIEEY P tpa cnt we ghian aeRO ERR ase on Say, toe sate lala slash GLO) (WUE PAL ESA GND AUG ay Coste eoerr cro Cero nao DRO Seen 210) 320 Olenellus thompsom ..... Tie ie aay =e ts in ani Se cae 319 ECE CUMIAS) THORSON Dr sinew st ae wank Sealine Hlabeiare WG atye iro «082 320 VG amerrar UGlCO TOMS ae Se Be ee OE OA wo 319 SPUIMAR MEIGS Sek te hs CANA fencsa ctani nara Mio See ato ce acts Oa 248, 314, 315 SPrab erga sISthiition: LaMiated wok. 5 hoteo gid OMB AO Stone Rea toe Dee Eon Sh aa OeMEe 317, 318 Glenellgstddimest ol, in: SyNONyIMy. ss sok js oo se bats wie ose: ak o8ure ei alel ss 343 aM es Aime ia dae Svan CO HEREETU Me 36 )- Tejas oves cotcor alin’ s tod eek abate sole tien Seals a Gs 343 Olenellus intermedius Peach, in synonymy... ....0.0<. 0... cms ee clns ce 331 Compared with Olenellus gilbert sos.5.2 eapiccs cu cho ele De vied te Stee ss 332 MOLE OLMIS PECitic hetenence, OL. eh. asec eae a eds ee aiees Ms 332 OlenellusvkicrnifoBroggery 1 (SyMONyIlly .sidocslsjs seek diese alee sucks Gels 288 1 SUSU CSSA Sono by Se 0g RAMON chee SSO EN cep nO) tn Ue ra RC Ee 289 EC IKCATLB| Hie Sd) SEW A DVO SON NUN Whe eatp macy Sissel EAS) fa Ai ly AMSoe tess gee Rk 288 IOKenrmniesyilO lay Tiys no-e eh ee Tete cere a cos, cldicus tbe mates clos michd slates 280 HEAMia ESS Ge Ii GMSLONIVINY) See. enka eet 2 ols c eS eta oaralde ate vate is es 288 amen itly SVAI@UY TIL Y we erg ele tle rec seine er WN Ses Sa add aig 289 CU eiellas sefemuliyZOne. LOSSUSe Afi TSS IN Oe erteveccdels le Uo Denis noel 83 Olenellus lapworthi Peach............ 331, pl. 30, figs. 1-7; pl. 40, part of fig. 3 IPSEYSlais stm. SYATIONIN Crab ors a aim brea cone ROS OS PORACE oe E TSEIS AEE NTS oer eae 331 Beachwand wloLne atti sym Ory tiny inadccecatetsers ol oe eisai ote ene Sierink tio rks 331 compared with Elliptocephala asaphoides............0.0cee ee ccees 332 UCU CAMEO E ts sitte ahcle ok Sot Meares tes a OS ce 319, 320 ClRCUUS TIF CMLO Me) Vaal sa de a le's Ree See oe te oa eee 322, 332 compared, with. Olenellas %, S1008% ons Jt. ct tae eile eta eh dem eae. 323 ANE US SUMELED isoctel tres ee tehelete wee eet a ae aes eos 320, 332 OQEACHUSMBLAPUNCOLUSE eatin ed etd ee a ee oe ee ie ieelits b keniae 332 Olencilus lapwortht elonZaiwse tse sc. ete soak on eee 332 Qlencllus FEUCulAHES: \., e5RAcs cece so ty ode dye oe Baars 220 eaG Qa cClisGIR OTA PSOE Haan oe cess oe ic tana Te Oe Moons oe 331 I CACUMATS LV OMSTECH Ss oars thee ae hots ero keed eete ee e Baieusas PeQrrapiie Gish tom Olsson Se cr sei SF Mae oak om eee eleawe am 253 BAN NCDS IAAT YY ata, Vs ctor phan cain aveowin a Oat ak slew eis Cafes ate Ghai oeccls ON 244 De MALRORO Me reece sits’ s “ons eusFAe Nera S tances Litns oy ahtrecaoe Saree oe 248, 314, 342 Stratiorapiic distrilution: tabulated s so. osc) oco cao eo ole a headeas 251 Olenellus lapworthi elongatus Peach, in synonymy.....................2. 331 AGLevOweSpNecciies FETeLENCE. OL uwlestajec seas Pee eee dn Oa ea 332 QU CHUS MOPAR, NEWaASDECICS $e). gaia. tao Sin ores orsja viacd wees ons 333, pl. 41, figs. 5-6 PiehOmiainior glapellar Tirrow seit, 6 ae < aote oe sate ven ape wei oe 243 Eomipareda With CGlavit: CFGSDUU Ros ook cidaphtie eee ceeds mak bakes 334 ALE PEOCEPGIORASUPNOIEES cl oce fntan ors a eects ad ohare Raeiale so tites 334 CREWS ROMO ON aia a Hest apeonn, Sige Saline 4 Slabes, bce haba « 335 SUT OS MAOH SOE LS MOS as COR CO eo ERO OS OO RRC 334 eyes compared with those of Olenellus canadensis................. 335 SPiN WICC stds «/5 sare ciate wtandl< aks sate te OL Ne eee ES cdg Ok Morinda e 322 SPOMENEAEOI OL CEP HAlOmcth A. tac Weel eee eel. swede nes sone 238 Sttatiorapiic distribution tabulated st, venascceciecs Be os aoe eee kihe es 251 Olenellus lundgreni Moberg, in synonymy.................cc cee eceeeeecs 290 Olenellus mickwitzi Schmidt, in synonymy...............0.. ccc ccceeeees 262 478 SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS VOL. 53 PAGE Olenellus reticulatus Peach......... aiiab amie cake a mendes asec 335, pl. 30, figs. 9-13 Peach, in’ synonymy: 5 32.2. sheen diate tn came + new OMe 335 compared with Olenellus canadensis.......2...+++-e sees eee tenes 336 Olgwellas (2: Bigass Shaves face ohtespiee tne = os ee ener gee 323 OClenellas lapworthy, 2. jon ein tees oe ee 232. 32051326 AMEHIELOM Ea. tects corchtoteetes crctebers bine cre oka Se SORA Ta elt 248, 314, 342 stratigraphic distribution tabulated. ........-.....+-22+e senses 251 Olenellus thompson (Hall) . .336, pl. 34, fig. 9, pl. 35, figs. 1-7; and pl. 44, fig. 9 Billings, ine synotiymiy.. S Ora csc becca! eieyasl s+ ake oases oie eaet 305, 337 (ple, dia SyMOTIV IY. ch stig care ej seiee aemions Si OE a 338 TOEG, dnt SHALOT ITI. 157.2 tae lase sia ea 5s op « seb A ce eae 337 Frech: Sarsynonyiy cic. Uae see's cde Se statins 2 ee See 338 Fall, Gin’ sum Ony aay mie hcnstake ae one mau cee Wana See 2360; 337) Lesleyiein! symonyiny:. cic aiaas ook le taay> Shee eee iv 2 2a See Windstromay 1 SWMOMYIEY.. Boel eles + sas ote we letena ne eras ak ket 338 WNiWojo(cheteee annie Gavovorahiaanhyuig ninb cig bbywoedd oc eT Ey eens sia oi - 264, 338 Weller, 1. Symotiyrrnye oe iron cleketelw,. ones ole opiieelena atetenenets eta ae 305 Wirthield, ain SynOMyiny nf: eaves ve stee c.et Ft wins «oh eons neon she eee 205, 337 compared with Mesonacis vermontana. ....... 2.2.2.2 ee ce eee cence 338 Olenellus scanademsis® coe a ke Bet ee Pe een 317, 318 Olenelliis -ClaVTORG stock ag hath Pes 2g Hem CR eta ee 319 Olémellus. fremontt 6.200 Roe aida aoe + ae a ee eee ee Olemelinus. cilbertt cc os. Snares ois piles tiene ee hao) eee 329, 339 Olemellus‘lapworthi: reson sls bs ete ee a oe 331 Pedeumias transitans ...........2++4+.+..-306, 307, 308, 338, 339 WON erId AUD COLLAWUS ssc eee a rine ace cee eee 303 facial sutures: mot present inv. vcr cs oho s aey-eb wenn,» oe sl aleiale Bnet 242 FOTIMAL OMG OR ILELSOI rcv terete a terse reerweseie Gis ates cote ohare oa ae 234, 266 geographic distribution of ............. 5 Oe MENHONEU ahem eTown eee eee tes ane ae: Sea 312, a See 338 Pedéumiag first ‘placed. 'as. variety; Of. <).5.....on'ss.020 nae 304 stages passed throughrin development... 0c.) 72> 25 <2 tee ae) ae stratieraphic distribution tabulateds-, ..:1...oc* fu. pes tee tae 25 telson of, compared with posterior portion of Mesonacis vermon- PAW. sss Re a ROE RE a eee seks o.vtadey ne Oe 233, 266 Olenellus thompsoni crassimarginatus, new variety.......340, pl. 35, figs. 8-Io compared. with Wanwweria walcottanus..c. 2... t,o. «os as oe AHLETIELO TCG Sims eck eax ear Mie cee nee eieee ko ot Gan ciecr aR Ate ue rer nats feet 248 Stratienaphicy distin iuitonerta mulated. say.)t> srrer- eek fates tee et een een 251 Olenellus vermontana Billings, in synonymy...................0..:0.000: 205 Pord, iia SyMOmyiilyessces eee ooo hw 8 ons Re ne ta Sache ae 265 Hall. (in, Syiouyiny: Voasse uke cck Saka 05 ees eee oe 264, 2605 Holin “n synOnyintiy oes cee wack coos coi es se eee ae EP Shee 266 Whitheld: in ssynonyityencvone ae dos oar os ee bs Ge ee le are 265, 305 Olenellus walcottt (Shaler and Foerste)...:......5......-.. 341, pl. 24, fig. 11 Granat, in "synonytiy.... stake tn cat eaces fis ciere ect eit ate alone gage io Phe. She 341 Olenelusspsundtiy @Scotlandrecss sg os ie ae Se 342, pl. 30, fig. 14 Rhea ona PliceGIstcipmtlonm ska bUlatede ste tet ce. tela eels ete leisie so eee 251 Olenellus sp. undt. (Sweden)............. Piva he ar ec Cree ah ee RL Seah 341 compateduwithy 7 esonacis Toreliti. 3 Se a i lec. 342 Staienapiniey GASEMID UOT) stabllabed:. rrr sts Hapiis, Salted We he ieee else 251 stratigraphic position and association... .186, 187, 1890, 203, 212, 213, 214 Olenellus (Elliptocephalus) Ford, in synonymy.....................267, 270 Olenellus. (Georgiellus) Pompeckj, in synonymy............0 00. 0.200 00s - 268 asopioiacs: Pomipeck),. fl; SyHONYIMY icin k nists lolee ade ah oa dea jal’ 27% Olenellus (Holmia) broggeri Burr, in synonymy.....................279, 284 Grates sy MOmyiny stiri Aare act ee eee ok ethane 279, 284 OmMpE cla Mil pSVMONVINY sess .oa ca ane cai eck hee Oh ae eee iue 270 (Shimer), compared with Paradoxides harlani..........254-255, text figs. 12 and 13° p.:255 IWENC OL TINE VALOGLYMENY Asis ha sre tre ck pad clare tieicia Saiots eevee 279 GUIGHUAVVAlCOLL ein) SVOMlytlyasnet anesthe ae os fae es OAS ak Oho ee 282 SU GUEU AGO Lore INL SMITOILyiiiy edie. Bo chick cea ttec hos aitie the ee wales 282 Ape Ops I PSNEONVINY fans ss Lane terse hc soda Soca mheeee antes 282 BUM CAD RAW eeCeIS VINO TVINLYse se ass biog Meu lsccitrke yok elnino ecco basher 282 CHUN ACs@ LCrpuTnS TOT VAIN nave Aerials 8 oa diene cist MOS he Dees cane alee 280 TEATS silinl-ENGInKOy on inal SAR eo ois cer peeicin S AAS: TEI RSIS ASE MO exch ae tee 289 NMC Chit ei1h, S VanoMIME Pa, aaa OMG Sac ae Bon ticd eklacenele | 289 WMalcohanus \Nanners dnl SyMOMyiIny lots cine <2 = ne stestoe cree let ocd sok 302 Olenellus (Mesonacis) asaphoides Beecher, in synonymy................ 271 ESAT CSLIky SYTBORR WII go ee fps tha do sseuss oS ee ACM ioe BS ASI ce ,.271, 284 Clarke and Rh aedemann: jin, SynOmyMy 3 oes we a da oes ea 272 Bsapnotdes *~ (GrabatiaimeSyNOnyiliy......sci2 sae elise Mesa oe 271, 284 DEOSSLI Ie NVAlCOteg I SVTOMVET Vici L tiv ki Boss te een eel o bera eee we 270 Miiceert

oct ase ovo atin ons cd alo le eie wa'e’s 225525 elect li Matt RRS IY A) COTY TTUV REET cect craic areata a SRE Sige A od Cort ad Pecans MACE 267 see also Olenellus (Olenus). 480 SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS VOL.. 53 f PAGE Olenus asaphotdes Fitch, im synonymy... file. tec oe 0 olnck inp oles vate are 260 Olenus (Olenellus) gilberti Gilbert, in synonymy.............-..-+++--- 324 Olenus (Olenellus) howelli Gilbert, in synonymy.............--.++++++- 324 Onaqui Range, Utah: tossils: aris. 7200 art eee otter tae Sire lope eae 68 onaquiensis, see Obolus (Westonia) ella. Ophileta; stratigraphic position ‘and ,association.... <~.)\0% <4 ss. ebis es 204 ophirensis, see Acrotreta and Mieromitra (Iphidella) pannula. ophirensis descendens, see Acrotreta. Opisthonaria, “defined 5.0002 fodesce e caeics eine shoe IE ee Ce 235 trilobites belonging to the order described. -...2.2- 22-35 0000s eee 18-41 Orxbiculoidea: + classiiication: Ole cnesmies elite shee ee eee 142, 147 Evolution OF nics Beh eo neleek Cie Senha ee emia pl. 11 (pp. 140-141) Ordovician Protremata compared with Cambrian articulates.......... 151-153 Ordovician rocks, sections of........ tery Pee Can ee ae ey ale 173, IOI, 204 ornatella, see Micromitra (Iphidella). ornatus, see Bathyuriscus. On formation, correlated sins. oe recece erie as eae toni kr pe 171 (dKevebele(s IRS a MeremiM SEERA Sis cle Reais ii Seneln tM yortin inetnr MM OE 10 POSSUS $10 107520) hielo hs nevada cece eee ecais wheel oseyee anual pv aeeeertn ae eee QI, 92 SEC ONO hin cre oleeslotr acto ooeee Sas ere eee kore 175-177, pl. 15, fig. I Onthacéa;classthication of ..2. 6.02 sve auinie'wte v pee seanan ees ie ieee nee eee 142 COMMER Ec ois tare 2-15 bina ele ere poea te hetero eiagt wiuia ate oe Cl ees Fan 147 Orthide, chemical composition of shells compared with that of Billings- (Sits eee en se MTee Rr aa Bes mn RRL aen a diE Gita 642, 5 - 152 Onfhisicompareds-with) Boorthisajse ane oe eee ee eee TO4 EV OlMHOMAOT eas easier eo eae ee pl. 11 (pp. 140-141) Strictly detined-by Halland*Glarkess 7: nc hemecih -< cace neces 102-103 Orthis (or Orthisina) sp., Etheridge, in synonymy...................... 109 Ortlis equivalus, (Elall)y mentioned. ois icinis Sais coree vb inte 2 ae. ck eee 103 CollactissDalmanementlonedsrnemearastrmei ier sciet ae ein iene 102 COM ZVOM MG, NENTONE ...,..2cba cig oe ae ints eck state lne bs ae 103 lissicosia.Fiall, “mentioned 2 ai cinta bras oe tei 8 eee ee 103 famest Tall.’ mentioned soni k (alent toners s sees akin ee eee 103 plicatelia, “mentioned 226-5. snc site eae oe oe ce ae ee 103 remmicha Winchell, mentioned... ...0::...u:0+ caas cutie wore ate eee 103, 104 SIMMATG, “TINENITIONEG. m cc's va steele ne “aoa HG a peek ols Daeg ae ee 103 subquadrata, mMmecmttOned. 2 siricc shes KoRwNnalaiar cin oz oe eves Se ee 103 WALA ALO gene SMC Shae e tia MRS OM A) Se SG PROT ee sake Saas 102 iniplicateila. Meek, ‘mienttatvedis cn isras 0 «td ac or vtec terol coeteeare aie meee 103 Orthis (Dalmanella) parva, mentioned: .. <6 0. ..2. 0: 0.0 bands oe ee eens 104 Orihis (Plectorilis) Walcott, in synonymy..................0s--+ sence 102 Orihoceras, stratigraphic position and association. ........:.....2:-..02% I9I Orthotheca: adanist, mentioned sor. wf. oe kel e s. Skee ee 300 corrugata, stratigraphic position and association...............+.. 210 major, stratigraphic position and association.................. 197, 210 sp. undt., stratigraphic position and association................ 185, 1909 Orusia, Classification: Ob j.0h. srt oe rciorees tele «bios. nte!e 6 hobs eure eee ea 142, 148 EV GLISION SOLAN, hast aeelom er tee cleicaste aiele is wishes ee em pl. 11 (pp. 140-141) INDEX 481 PAGE Oryciocara, new genus, described and discussed.............00eeeeeeces 23 compared with Bathyuriscus..........00..005 yee ee, cane SE aE Bae QUADS SA AIEEE ie NI es PO Oe re MOONE, ea ta ey cE es Eee tie 2225 ORV GLOGEL WOW Stace on loktostc Rn c sham oteoste aes eee de AS 22) 25 OPVELOGOGaSCIRICUs TIEW SPECIES). trteleleclss calesceus. cose censs23upl. L, figs. 9-10 CRASS RIES ISLC Ces Pod His to Pace Ao eine amewon den aos beds s cle 2 HAE MOMEG! os hose GOMES OAS SE OS aOR Dene ear ne ee aes 30 ryctocephalus, compated with Burlingio.. i... 0.0. oo ees oe boise cies aes 16 compared with Oryctocara.........c4.dccceevecteveses Feels RANICOMOS {ain CLL OME sae ata ee ek coolers! Sive eho eg aRials sia are te are 17, 25, 30 StraticrapnicapostHoneand: association... /lasccac es vet cites 211 walkeri, stratigraphic position and association..............00.25- 2I1 sp. undt., stratigraphic position and association................ Gesigg (LIEU ECCI TES TO) 0 tt eh Aloe gel Te RM pend Eee no Eee ee cae a BP oe oP 142, 148 VO UALR O Leemariepeees aienstoh cree tie a aaa aie scion tae eos siis pl. 11 (pp. 140-141) Outside and middle lateral (Protractor) muscles, defined................ 157 Ovandanquadrancle: Mofitatta, fOSSILS Lin ce, exc c2siercess is sive s enislere cil silt ere 57 wei.) ubiblooraniicy rererenGes.fiassraeiescialele) sisi slave iz wiaruee biedeihie Sie eve 114 Owenella typa, stratigraphic position and association.................-6% 180 ackatd eT SeMbliogtaphic, reLenenCe. 2c vict'sice «1-6 onctoecies scdcnieieh sla 376 Gnpthereyes Ol einulUs anid trIlODItESN. «<< sess ste sie iclev cla s'ascccthodl Sere 239 RPE PIs PREC RUREP TUIIS wv ccy = 074 12 dia tvs a sec cinlale Fs aw ale LS 6 alata Dah e/ Dabl Owls 304 AEST O Taree l ictal ODE wide ctenet tals civot cist sie eens ee) arachnids. shoahe Mees aioe 243 COMPAved wwabllelESOMGCIS wares << le celeste tok tales his totste ais¥e ea ele 266, 304, 306 (OMANI BOSS AGE GLI HEM Geter SEE CRS OLED ERTEe 304, 306, 307, 308 PR OMTIRMENO I Ae STILTS 1s ro ay hee She tea ic odenene cp BGs wee Wes wavare pi sadiave ep Qvant 248 MevelOpimientrOl SMO) Itt CAC Ati vane poleche « cotlacum &,c1e:s/ ocr ss wreneneiein ole 249 ave lees AS cabehe sere dake mea Bets Ete ed Des ee Ae ee 239 PenaleanGminiessenaleSpimes ities segs neice etre eicieicle tee, clare sjedecos othe 237 Pieroaywarn ToUne ire OF SEMIS A. : 2,6 cpa olelsse F vhs vialald ws ea d.cle wile eas 266, 304 iiediegvenine tiie telson OL \OLEMEIINES:. cestea sos Seam oie vis (svsiache veo sss 4 os 245 FEGIEAS IES. O12 Nera boty NE oy eo nL! GR SM A 236, 247, 250, 269, 300, 327 new genus, species referred to the genus listed. ..:................- 232 LO LCSMONENLO DORA LO ty MEMUSh usta eeecicyceesaicla © «di. Goklche «sie Garo keene aiciete 304 mma eaC AMNION SSCP MENT e re ocie a cis cee areas clerals, ain. woe: > stele Swim ovy's ooo 0 Si tiene 238 stage in development of Mesonacide discussed.......:......2.0005. 308 CREW CMG MENIAQICR | Xe a ats kiche tyeintoiag. > Sis 2 as aia'aisle; es eae QR 313 Stagesspassed, through im development Ob. dire cl... yre one cle wslqae sk 308 StatenmmMe ye OMimlenty Oe th ta x GLemmMCC ne aio}s, crt <,cldre sala al cioatncienat oe 245 Sees tee Biles CIStIt MICTOIN TADEMALEM eicuyosnoese vip. se ere.n) ode ded bea gee Saree 6 251 Pedeumias transitans, new specieS..............2. 305, pls. 24, 25, 32-34, and 44 compared with Elliptocephala asaphoides............00ccc sc ee seen’ 310 OR ENEU La LCS: GTIMOUUS. = c0 seen 50 ves crsesieeees sooo vawsecd 346, 350 eee ES. IG OLOME Oo a a ieicte Ou aS eala apurle ors th rah omimiots ki hagth isle See 320 CBSO EL USSU GLUE x DOORS) cick le clan? cide os Xo Wtya ed vem aig -oee leis 310, 329 (UEC SSG DINO ATU pio t God PAGS B ESE een aoe ee Toe Bai eas2 QUEEN EIS MANGER AT CON OS COOTER eC IE ee Eee 334 Olenellus thompsonts oc o.oo vane vo vee oce'e 306, 307, 308, 338, 330 NE ESORACES DET INONIDH (ick ba cue 408 oie J ceo ove ees 306, 308, 338 482 SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS VOL. 53 Pedeumias transitans—Continued. PAGE development of cephalon of..:........... ER stisic cel fier aes ait tee Mee 237 THOKAK Wc scce on dees ee ORI ee ee eee ra Sat 245 geooraphic distribution Ole stem cee entero ens oe oe eee eee 253 Inypostoma fos 52) GF Nts ieee pune tere oe Pe piste apse fos oe eee 243 compared with those of Olenellus fremonti and Olenellus gil- DOPE, Mae ali Re ee ee eG ee Ee 322 MMENIETOMEM. sou. ous Se eee mite tense 2 +233; 234, 242, 248 \260ms02 "208 pathiof facial suturelin. ..oe. sea oes sae eee Gea 242 Stages passed, throuch invdevelopimiemtiOte reece eiceiek ee nee 308 stratigraphic distribution) tabulated... 2+ me oe eee 251 surface of compared with that of Paradoxides.............+s-.0-- 307 young cephalon from Alabama described..................... 308, 300 young compared with those of Wamneria halli...............0002++ 207 young stages of dorsal shield........... Tate dos AO Oe 307 Pace formation. correlated aceesy.niec oc oor eee ae eee 171 defined ses SOAS Oo ce Saas OE Ee ne eee eee 3 SECHOM Ole eee ee eee ABA ESOS AAO basis ook 205, pl. 9 Paget and Bosworth formation, Mount Bosworth, break between......... 215 Paleobolus, see Obolus (Paleobolus). Patlialsimuses, \defined):..)....c ous vole cnc erecto mietacte ts nic ol oe ticks ane eee 160 palliseri, see Ptychoparia. Ralpebralsesment defined: ak fo1).ttm aoeymers deus o orkee or Se 238 panderi, see Acrothele. pannula, see Micromitra (Iphidella). pannula maladensis, see Micromitra (Iphidella). pannula ophirensis, see Micronutra (Iphidella). Paerabolina,--compared - with ‘Albertellat. cs 252 v5.0 0 ee eee 19 Paradoxide, trilobites belonging to the family described................ 18-22 Poradoxides, anterior ‘pair of futnowseil:.... 0 .2<. sas es. ee eee 333 compared swithimBurlineid esse. core: oc 7 cia eee 14, 15 development of, shown in diagram. ............2...cc00+e00+ 249 eloneationson-seeone segment in......%0.. 00s) ee eee 245 followed by Olenelius [Whitfield]...................4 0.0... 313 from St. Albans, Vermont, figured..... text figs. 10 and IT, p. 255 MENEOMEH A Mae eG enki hee eee 89, 104, 247, 255 preceded’ by (Olewellus icy. coe eek cc co bee nen ee ee 313 surface of, compared to that of Pedeumias:......2.... see 307 ZONE VOSSIVS Ato rtaser ters oe ceo etete cbc Sloe cael Oe ee 78, 104 asapnoides Barrandesinvsynonymy. oo. ss secs sees n ee leteeeeee 269 Emmons) ini syMOmymyeee. ccs sock c ise cee eens 269, 336 brachycephalus Emmons, in synonymy...............22.0c000. 269, 336 harlam, compared with Holmia bréggeri (Shimer)............ 254-255, text figs. 12 and 13, p. 255 IMENHOMEM: Ma's Ne eccaia tee Heke he See Ok cee a eee eee eee 254 Wickst, mientioned@ c.0-0% . then eatee eae oc Srl s coed Soe ee 276 eral. Bord; in: SyfOnyinyis tae sevice che Seton oe tee 288 Linnarsson, Un usynouyiny: senccscen c. Cee ee nee 288 Walcottin: synonyimy.x.. ceekiccce. baste see he Uae eee 288 INDEX 483 Paradoxides—Continued. PAGE macrocephalus Barrande, in synonymy...........-...-.+++++0- 260, 337 BiTinIG HSee TS VMLOM VIN; aero epercei ac oeeiaiie: ee eet ciehe's «ioe 269, 330 LOM NUGIES IMEMUON Ed. c.cehs he Nero cs. aie St alae Rete eran es, 287, 290 pusillus, anterior pair of glabellar furrows in.................-243, 333 Spinosus, anterior pair of glabellar furrows in................. ZAsh 238 TASTE CREEL ey he Mites Stack Sein con a -Aiesaj ye MERE eee te te oe 209 SNORT TIE SSCA rere Ur heehee a as omlcce ee cities Sie ee terete: 287 MU mMPSOMNL WaT rande. iif SYHGNYMY...... oe. we scecsceees tse se esos 337 Ents AT SURI VEIAW ods Ss 015 S.% 2 cle lee esis 2 A laces Sycle caeon 305, 337 LUI OMSaal MMe Sy MOMVMAYIe. Seerreisicicre.eiccie el eicten cmon s Se cae) «oi leis 337 DEVMONLMiiebathande: AM SYfONVINY <4. s-00ccceees assisee ase aes 265 Billings, in synonymy... 2.2.5 065 EER tery, Sa eR ei 265 aiinOnsseriile SYMOMV ITTY secfois es, esta leeosel clelehacss crormelsistotele crecWome ss 265 walcotti Shaler and Foerste, in synonymy...............eceeeees 341 Paradoxides (Gen. ?) kjerulfi Matthew, in synonymy................... 289 Bettie treme ERIC L OT ANE: ae coe kc ccelsi dea cs erg > pidS Gd Hea din’ ods areseneleh cle toes 314 JESUS ETS. STON bE rank a el eee a a en 311 Ste MCP SISTENT TIVR NES creo on) tarale, vac fark Sasi Sobek Seale ce Stalwicheho sc Sisters 0s 286 distigenished trom, the Mesonacida..:. 25.0.0... ).6seae Sl eels 250 SINE TaRE ASTER IEE, ot SU Rts oie) wha ans as 8S wi Gal GA Eta x eek 236 PESTO Neekt OMe VCSOMACIC aE hm aus.t oe aay Sole: fa Ne soa tte Se wae 253 EeretetalmmraneesG elim eines stejetccreis% cro¥eis,cicle oe ath ative ctorsta he oy hereto wate te sorte 157 BARREL SECAGgEVsETOSSI SyaEO Mla on.) horas tole satan ore toes wo alae Ne to oS bee 330, 341 parva, see Dalmanella and Orthis (Dalmanella). parvus, see Dicellomus and Obolus. Paterina, see Micromitra (Paterina). EE etiiidceme SSI CAbl OlaOlc cepa cece ier oats cielo Sas eS te ee eb obayehotee oe 142 CSTE! “5 ck owboOohocdeS DU COS COE ICES AOE ODOC eS neh ah aes Aaa 143 dapsrameshowines line Or eSCents, 2. defined: .02.23...0c520 3s eas od ot wo ot ee ee eO eee 158 Pseudodeltiditim, defined tc) 36 cx. sc heer cc oe easel etl tetera 158 Pseudospondylinum, defined <\.... a.75 sae+ 6 ote oe eee eee 158 Ptarmican aker view sot mide@enneaie mentee tiene aes pl. 46, fig. 1 Ptarmigan’ Pass tossilss trois ao eee eae eee ee eee 210) 220;03au Ptarmigan Peak. Elector shales) omen... -c.0: ieee oars tere ee eee 429 Lower Cambrian. conglomerate one. ..+sc6 c. ose cee 426 Pterocephalus ?, stratigraphic position and association.................. 204 Ptychaspis, stratigraphic position and association...:.......-..o,seesee 176 Rinchopama mentionediure orc aero eer ee rite cece 21, 102, 300, 315, 318 cordillere: mentioned: 222.5 oss vase os cers oats ates AO OE Ree 25 Stratigraphic postition atid associations =. s aon 2II kingi, stratigraphic position and association .....:.....do0es.08 180, 181 palliseri, stratigraphic position and association.................--. 211 piochensts, mentioned «..024..25- fetes ac nes. o Soe tee eee 25 Stratioraphic spositionpand sassOciationicn. mies eines 183, 107 subcoronata, stratigraphic position and association................ 196 sp. undt., stratigraphic position and association. .175, 176, 178, 179, 180, 181, 182, 183, 189, I92, 193, 194, 195, 196, 197, 198, 199, 201, 202, 204, 205.9208, (200), 210, 211,212) 2131214), 215. pugio, see Neolenus intermedius. pulchra, see Botsfordia. pupa, see Bathyuriscus. pusillus, see Paradoxides. Pygidium of the Mesonacidz discussed:..../............s.2-.0 Sek Ope eee pyxidicula, see Acrotreta. quadriceps, see Dorypyge. quadrilineata, see Acrothele. Quebectas ‘classtheation Ol? 2 sae fos ds Ou Sens vc vies Gs oh a 142, 145 CVOlUEIGN Ol ince teak Bohne wn someon See pl. 11 (pp. 140-141) nature ot Jshelll sstibstance..\ cis . cine «= asic cides sele e e 150 Rafinesquinee, ‘classificationiOfss 6 a0. «00 view slec side see ee aoe 142 defined oF. ores cake oe tikee foes cons des 2 aE th ae 148 Raphistoma sp., stratigraphic position and association..........-...ee.-- 173 rara, see Nisusia. Raw,, Frank, “acknowledgments! 4). 2.0)... 0. ».s+.)sngse eee eee 235, 283 bibliographic: reference (oo .0)...0 0. ayes 3 otk we gine ee 377 MANUSCLIPt MOtES “COPLEMs...:..c.0 «aloes sss.e Heise bieeie ele eee ee 283 Reagan formation, Oklahoma, fossilsiin...:.... 2. ¢:sd8n.ne eee 07 Redlich, K., A., bibliographic, references... 0.0:. cc. Fs II4 INDEX 487 PAGE Redlichella, see Acrothele (Redlichella). Redlichie, a descendant of the Mesonacid....... 000.2. .0.e0--ss ese 253, 254 ecient ye DIDMOPTAPMIC FELELENCE ac r s2 co. c gels see S cee es ae ta eee 218 remnicha, see Eoorthis and Orthis. remnicha wintieldensis, see Eoorthis. memsacenGounty,.New York, fossils. from. 2224). . 2 osc. sc2 ob ee ease eens 274 Resting (Fresh Water) Springs, fossils from................... 15740300) 328 reticulatus, see Olenellus. erhaGl O feet SGless eee Ce ccs secice > Gest niece ee wee te toae oe aun oe oie 154, 158 rex, see Agnostus. Eero Smile TOSS! Sa TLOImM ame. Gerst ao <1Aeie ais dete So eure Sita ae cde em one. « 274 reynoldsi, see Oryctocephalus. RIES I SIDMEOHES, SINGS Sil KS SION ale eee hel CASES IOIT RCCe ey CEI Ue ete CU ar Sa 340 Pere Gay KTOSSUS Pat otsyc the ae. on naielsie os ou cise rs winieesihees oO n= 83 BeBe MARES TOSSUG ALOIS ; aC hielo oa 3 dais we'yebu win Sue tue hineaasiecanee 340 Rocky Mountain region, fresh-water origin of Algonkian sediments in.... 252 Se yeett Sci) -ACKNOWICOOTMIENTS 5.5 2.2.0 '- <0) 8 sles 's 9 Oa ale vc Aietaweeals wes 234 pee asMaeS TRCN Oe A ante ERD fate co oe Set crams Mis ga 2 ose oe Side snd x. eels.» obs ears 304 Rochen Mem DiDlOrrapiienTenenence. +... cassie c's «recierew’eicje.c. civlstove vie sleterc II4 eee aleasitale od MenneSSee, LOSSIS: TN). ..2). savadin sels tre date ei pip Sein hee ave ore 96 ENO Ue SL OnyElee LOSSIIS PETOM Sie o0.cicghk osc eier do oleae aisle eradele ye aclekem ane 304, 310, 340 PMI RSA S LOMO MOS SHIG mii Olllesbarcre ste autwerresceit oa. a iraveie nin ia¥satelesinn Sok Atha wpe 310 Pesmineera es ybibliogranmc: LEfEreENCes . 0% vis. sca clcd ove sd cee n des Gainers 218 romingeri, see Corynexochus and Platyceras. EOC GIamITI SC) CommG anime smrvens mosey avai cr er nteioe Mavsle aikets isis Sicle oiclavee Zs and olla tede 159 rotundata, see Syntrophia. rotundatus, see Bathyuriscus and Obolus. rowei, see Holmia and Lingulella (Lingulepis). rudis, see Acrotreta. rugosa, see Stenotheca. asesia iim seCitOns, Of 1OSSUS TOMI... <1: \telieiemr eter ee einer 171 SECTIONUO LT oe oss eeloe's See eee en lacie trae eB ce IQI-193 in Tdaho: fLOSSils miss. coco 8 Wrroecers ote. e etaere Re Lalor aah ere 64, 105, IIO St Paul) Minnesota, thin ‘section of fossils itom...... «.54s-ee eer erie 151 St. Piran formation’ compelatedsa..c... cn aeeie cies eet erie I7I Mehnved | Sess oe veces Tied ws oA OA od ise Ae ad lots epoca Cee 4 FOSSILS ROM occ eo ee eloe crete cain ois oreows seems terstere Ween 301, 319, 330, 331 near Lake Louise; view Showitig..:. <. << 2.)J:i..0 oso eee ee pl. 22 on Mount Bosworth; section Ot: +. 42 fcc «coe tek) eels 215 St-'Simion; ‘fossils frome ss. i2 oga8 wc gues Seu Sab oe tet ee ee ee 339 Salem;'*fossils* fromss is deres ce Se Sees his OS eRe ee 340 salemensis, see Billingsella. Salter, J." W., ‘bibliographic’ references.” sic... .5.6 ..dccc AF nee bis 600 SEs anes pliert (pp. 140-141) MENLIONEM\->...dis.c 0 Aeididlece boven AOE ate ® obec hee 78 Siphonotreta ? dubia, mentioned. ... 6.0.0... 5s oe eee ee oe tee eee 300, 315 stratigraphic position and association. ................sesee eee 189 Siphonetretacea, \classthication "Of st. 0 ssnte ace duels ~ sie rue 2 oe eS 142 Ge FINE eich ai sien cve o's alavenwistehose sabes a: aete a el S eeu bcihe) ok RS eee eee 145 Siphonotretide, classification Of. 0.20 20h «ds. esac « cee sree 142 (a(S) ain cc Maun WR RE Sy ONCE ee ee ON oer MO MRR IRS Gas om 3 + 146 diagram showing line ot descent: .. <2 6.000: .06i2 uc =< 2 140 Gisthbition!: im) Gambian stiaeasiy cies eerie nel ite trav eee 140 number of genera referred to the family...............ececseecses 141 Siyeh limestone, possibly represented in Bow Valley.................+-. 431 Smith, EycAS spectésnamed afters sic. cae stars aol «iss ... os 3 sds.eun onoawe wie eee ee aes tune tele eae 26, 30 Blacksmith Fork, correlated tings wfc senvs i> ale oivto'els oe sly fo eer ene I7T SECHION SOL ox... aid) aay stad ee ee Sy oie bie bye eee 197-198 House. Range, correlated)... 55 snis cise) oes clots, rac cate eel 171 SECHON OL ...c sas. soRteR Penh as TOU EO Ee ce see Seat Si 183, pl. 17 spencei, see Nisusia (Jamesella). spinosus, see Paradoxides and Zacanthoides. Spirifer; stratigraphic position and association.....:........-co0-seeeeee 200 Splanchnocerle) defined .\4..)G2e0%e chia oes ee sow 96 2s eee ene ee 158 Spondylium, defined and discussed. 02 2c sss. %'s ons ss 302 =< = ne 150 spurri, see Acrothele. Stansbury Range: Uitah; fossils tletevss 204 cce. eee ee eee 69, OI Stenotheca elongata, stratigraphic position and association........... 189, 213 Stenotheca ct. elongata, mentianed.¢)....c #25. > «seo secs ee eee pe eee 300, 315 SHEMOLVEER FWLOSAINeItIOUle hermes ote serie erste . .300, 315, 341 Stenotheca ci. rugosa, sara nbie resition Sie ASSOClAL One ase eee 189 Stenotheca wheeleri, stratigraphic position and association............... 210 Stenotheca sp. undt., stratigraphic position and association.............. 199 Stephen formation, . defined Ss. matinee «0,-2.0. tee cicero smite le eicnet eaee eee 3 FOSSIISH ATOM Koco tic elder eieis fied Da eels elses oe eee oa eee ae ee ee 17 British aColtimbias fossilseats: 2050... ce eiteis cicelaee ete eee 102 Gastle Mountain.) vwiewssmowange.c1 rie cco e letter ere pl. 20, fig. 2 Monnt) Bosworth, mcomelated’: ac... ci sovcirercebeeresreie ieee I7I Section’ /OL meer cisais oleers o:5 « «sore. anc « oerelosie > ee eee 209-212 stephenensis, see Karlia. INDEX é 491 PAGE Srosie. Motta, fossils. fronn sia Aye he ook vw otha Palen pale oe He's SA st 274 stissingensis, see Micromitra (Paterina). stoneanus, see Obolus (Westonia). Stones River formation, thin section of fossils from...............+..5- 151 SreapiciartiaCeay ClaSSIMCatiOn MOL. J se.s0).)a1s od were, hg edie Selcielaialareue Du alae otsin's 142 GETING CB MO tae aie sk aie craton win deo on aes tale era ah trae Sek oles aha ianupoae olin ale nevateilorera’ 148 EXPOURTIRLOTRE (OIL A Re BE EGA OR OO CR ICRU AO acu on oo ocare DcoOeeere 145 er CPIATEEMIGe 4 CIASGIMEATTON (Opie myc sreiais) sre 5 oleic ors ol he ahaYorm eles satan vena as 142, 148 diagram showing line of descent........ Hea Ae are etn are eae ol ey Sno 140 dist cabrio Cambrian strata ss 6/522 chk ce Wiens Bae cee eee 8 140 stuarti, see Micromitra (Paterina). subcoronata, see Ptychoparia. subequata, see Dalmanella. subquadrata, see Orthis. subsidua, see Acrothele. subsidua hera, see Acrothele. sulcata, see Acrotreta idahoensis. superba, see Micromitra (Paterina). superbus, see Neolenus. p SMa ULOMMOSSI SR ITO ane ryaceo ks ana a eee ash iiais weve. oc nighcaitiasiiae ie eton 339 EIMMSeCHONSEOR (OSS Olle smctres neces tac ve casetharee Seseteas rae I5I, 164 Dineaser OMS CRASSINE AMOI Olt oie cc ¢ S05 seta csewsece. 1s, Gi eseiel wae SS Verna Ot wells 142, 148 ENTS LET S7s, TS 1 PRES aps eee Oe te Rea pl. 11 (pp. 140-141) MU PILO MEETS Che Sta ITIETICLOSUEC So)st-y ciate a ara iere es cea iol Dalote ord wets aceon 300, 315 PMR eC POSIT, AEC IASSOCIALION . civic oo < o6c.6 eee sue Sie ol Re els 189 Swantonia ? sp. undt., stratigraphic position and association............. 189 EMULATION EC any. err serache atein eran Cis, vic.« eloieene ohare ote ee nn alee 300, 315 See aS ep eect ti AEA ELS CHINN scste cca Sas Go's wine ne io acts ¢ obi babies sea alee II Piney m ume Me OLiClabed or. sett oie. cee ee eee tc ew co oaee 171 SECMOKOL Aare tay sarae ats eae ee tees eee oe 181-182, pls. 16 and 17 SMMUKO PIs me LASSITI CATION Oley eats crit teiscrs bias» « slaeke Mae os ok ws 142, 148 EOL Rags pil OM fog 4 Ur eR ae RRR Pie ee as hd ae RR oy PRP III EL EIE CHL een te cv ece tar ones, kena idl aT EN I VL LEN OR 109, III (PL ETD bar eS CAE AE EO TDL Oo EOL een ore III EN GRERETONY OTs rote oce es crak doi iste oh hiesiwhl SU ONE wae oF pl. 11 (pp. 140-141) RT CACU OC Gn get. 222 Mee ee Wen cava VO Ne Se ht it a a, Raa Io 8 106 Syntrophia barabuensis, compared with Syntrophia unxia.............- ee LOS Syntrophia calcifera, compared with Syntrophia cambria................ 107 Syntrophia cambria, new species............2...05- 106, pl. 10, figs. Ir and Ila Rep ARe ew auhl AU ORCL. cist’ os ak a eases Chis Abn Ow Behe arenes 107 CUMIN ODI EGICEL CE Sato en oa os Peds tetch a cik Mes Pearse rere 107 SNE TO UTE IEE DOVE eo Secale da. sla cra oh aah cic meee wei rehagren ak 107 Hertiieiapiiic NOSIMOM ald ASSOCIAtIOlt, cscs yo ck oy cies bdsnaks Savarese 196 Syntrophia campbelli, new species..................4- 107, pl. Io, figs. 9, Qa-c compares with Faenella. FECAnDS. sc cess ajcloinc ou boric coos chee wis ashe oe 108 SUELO PRAIE TOTEM OLE: «0 Sadie Sere Satuare oak heel A E eda Bele bic 108 Syntrophia lateralis, shell structure compared with that of Huenella ab- EEE ei aie 2 ROAD, SUE RISO GR ORE ARE OE Dee ewes cet ear whiners, genet ahs 152 492 SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS VOL. 53 PAGE Syutrophia nundia, compared with Syntrophia cambria. .............005- 107 stratigraphic poSifion:and association. vas: herr. Acs2> 62 eee 189, I9I, 192 Syntrophia primordialis, compared with Syntrophia unvia. ..........0+4- 108 Syntrophia rotundata, compared with Syntrophia campbelli.............. 108 Syntrophia-?.unxia, New. SPECIES. cose ccc dev secs ce ccbew cess 108, pl. 10, fig. 10 coinpared with. Syntrophia :bDaKaDwensts .-.).:3+...° tw ole tienaecle 9 ela 108 Syntrophia primordialis ... cick ncsaneuevetes fate 6.4 55 De donee eter meee Stratigraphic position and associations .24.%). 2» - =|) ile ke 180 Syntrophinic; Classification: OF; »...4.c.:eshed ele falda te ie ee 142 : (Lis ka) a a RO ee TE Se et eA A MRM crn a oo 0 0 148 diaeramushowanes lime Ok CESGemtartecisr st 1siots Peete as tenet tee 140 distribution ins Cambijamestsatasey aes erie ete eae ieee eee 140 sanKe GUE ODOC UMMA ERR RR ot amintirn OA in en Meta SA ie eset lect s 4.0,'¢ “1; SE RTOG number of genera referred to the family............. ath) See I4I Syringopora, stratigraphic position and association. ..........-..++.++-4- 200 taconica, see Acrotreta sagittalis. Teeth raennied \ ee relek «doc Le Oe Bee celemueleenete blend stelsl cress ite alt 9 nae 159 Telson ot Olenellus not a pyadimine a 0. leas ein 0.0 o's sc nie te os oe 246 tennesseensis, see Linnarssonella. tessini, see Parado.xides. Peton Mountains Wy omines toSsilseanemeeis cis ase sian. oe) eee 3 tetonensis, see Obolus. tetonensis leda, see Obolus. Texas, fresh-water origin of Algonkian sediments in................... 252 texana, see Huenella, Lingulella, and Syntrophia. texanus, see Crepicephalus. thompsoni, see Barrandia, Olenellus, and Paradoxides. thompsoni crassimarginatus, see Olenellus. Miorax Opthe Mesenacids discussed ange. sects 0 as ok 2k eee 244-245 thyone, see Eoorths. TT) SAMO TEANtS | ITIP SY MOMMY IM, .ne-,0, sick cheat tek osy oe iees to =) scctarete eter 2 adie re 70 Thysanotos, see Obolus (Thysanotos). Thysanotus, see Obolus (Thysanotus). impahnte@hangeydossils mrommereneeeeece cress ce ace oe eee 286, 322, 345 Tiatic Range Section: (Utah fosotls aig is cecil atte oie ares insist 107 NolleatetEanyon;. fossils#tromece ese a seeee a ectos cae toe ee eee 300 Mometen, TOssils; TrOtiee sp ememes cetekiMeitersate cs sin siestle wots s orketeieeees eee 290 torelli, see Mesonacis and Schmidtia. transitans, see Pedumias. Tratismediane( Rotator), Muscles; dehined So..5. 2: ay: cone scone 159 ran SVEErsemaxS;, CETIEd pet caycater itera ls. chs le o'e%ele\opaid ie o Riaunves Sigal ence Rc ee 159 transversa, see Linnarssonella. Trapezoidalffarea, vdetinedis: ha serpertsciae «hee, steleists cieistele Oe acuarotsle etc 159 Trematopovus, ‘ClasciliGatione Olareve vel ane ocx cette mista ee et eee 142, 146 conipared withPDearbOriidye.c tes cc sc os « oie eee Mnlelaceeeioe 79, 80 EVOMUILION VOL hcacrecrmeteasinolsereieteteriele soso fie, «heir pl. 11 (pp. 140-141) mature or Shell substancesn-osciieeiel: eisie 9 Sad MaRS eee 150 INDEX 493 PAGE Minematovoles excelsis, NEW SPECIES. wa 6a .w we bis wcivcnpewlele cols om 80, pl. 8, fig. 8 COMMALedewithe Pearl OF MAG CLARA 4 cpsstee sake b he era ce mie hatte tas 5,5 80 stratigraphic position and association..................+-++-+ 9187, 188 Trematobolus insignis, compared with Trematobolus excelsis.......... 80, 81 Trematobolus kempanum, compared with Trematobolus cxcelsis........ 80, 81 HREMOIIOOLUS PTISHMUS, MENMONED esi) ic. Si cae hak Sek wee he as Oleielele 81 tricenaria, see Orthis. ; Trilobite, a mud-burrowing animal similar to Limulus................- 241-242 Miniloiiressa ey OlitiOiis Ole aerate ath oes ay hare cin Seay eanaie niet crores ett 256-257, 260 eyes Of compared with those of the Isopoda:.. 2.i..4. 6.2. oo ae ee 240° eyes or compared with those of Limulus: 20.2.6 60s. owl eA se 239 Trimerella, nature of shell substance. ............ cece cece ec cence ences 150 Tamerella: UNdstrOmt MENtHONEd:. <5. cass = aes ae cite iietelee lsisie. svcieieis sete ovelcre 74 ramercia linguloides, mettioned. if. 5'4-celes ewe esse so ve Siw OSs dee So 75 TNawaaiacilivehos wesize) Uolnloyabercy Wey Ae ISy pa rask ecn ens ary Coie rn nna eee lca ae 144 ANE TELCO Cette taee etait cee erent cn atpc ec aceite oToke als SP TR EINS Oe le cue ae eR ape 73 Missi nat euae SS AVeeTOSSIISa IO Terre ar feiss cose cece tute aye eect acetone hee ayant ete 280 triplicatella, see Orthis. Brotcm eistoless fOSSiUS mid OMll 6 0c j-.0¢ ss eee 3.0 Pygidium : TOM Obl ess saisve seo er eeavelc Meare etelets CooPe chat cise. Sith cua ede ar el ecerenae eee FAS AY Vi (ald alee ey stats BRA on do ch hah nr econ RNAI RE ty Pte A Sach a 10.0 Axialilobes anterior Seomentaaccch ce ode cries eee 4.5 Acxial lobes. pestertoneseementa, -yrtue- stele oe eter 235 The preceding description is based on adult specimens averaging 38 to 45 mm. in length. A large number of young and small speci- mens were found in association with the larger adults, some of which exhibit stages of growth. A specimen 1.9 mm. in length (fig. 5) preserves the cranidium and five segments of the thorax. The glabella widens out toward the front, and the occipital furrow is very faint; the base of the palpebral lobe is farther out on the posterior margin than in the adult, and its anterior end is at the dorsal furrow and nearer the antero-lateral, rounded angle of the glabella. The pleural lobe has somewhat broader, more direct fur- rows on the pleura, and the spine of the fifth segment is very large; another important character is the greater extension of the terminal spines of the third thoracic segment—a character unknown in the a CAMBRIAN TRILOBITES—WALCOTT 29 later stages of growth of this species and a character persistent in Albertella helena, which occurs over 2,000 feet (609.6 m.) lower than the horizon of Zacanthoides spinosus (Rominger) in the Cambrian section of the Canadian Rocky Mountains. It also occurs in the adult forms of Mesonacis vermontana* and other trilobites of the Olenellus fauna. A specimen of the entire dorsal shield 3.2 mm. in length has the same widening of the glabella toward the front as the smaller specimen, but the base of the palpebral lobes have drawn in toward the glabella, and the glabella has extended forward beyond the anterior extrethities of the palpebral lobes; the thorax has only adult characters, except that the third segment appears to have on one side a stronger terminal spine, and there are but seven segments; the spines on the border of the pygidium are short, and but four can be seen on each side. Specimens 8 mm. in length have all adult characters in the cephalon and thorax, with the exception of the terminal spines of the pygidium, which are shorter and less clearly defined at the crossing of the border. OBSERVATIONS.—This species occurs abundantly in Idaho. When collecting it I thought it to be Zacanthoides typicalis,? but on direct comparison with that species it was found to differ in having the posterior end of the palpebral lobe nearer the glabella; the glabella proportionally narrower in front,,and larger antero-lateral parts of the fixed cheek; a broader thoracic axis in proportion to the pleural lobes; a long median spine on the fifth instead of seventh segment; a larger pygidium, with broader pleural lobes, more rings on the axis, and more terminal spines on the pygidium. It is found to differ from Zacanthoides spinosus (Walcott)* in having the gla- bella less expanded toward the front; palpebral lobes nearer the glabella at their posterior end; smaller antero-lateral parts of the fixed cheek; absence of a strong occipital spine; in the thorax it differs in having a long median spine on the central axis at the fifth segment instead of the seventh, and the axial lobe is proportionally wider; the pygidium differs in having four rings on the axis in- stead of three; the axial lobe is proportionally longer, and the spines on the pygidium differ in details of shape and number. The three species occur at the same relative geological horizon, but are widely separated. Z. typicalis occurs at Pioche, Nevada, 350 miles south- southwest of the locality of 7. idahoensis at Spence Gulch, 15 miles * Walcott, 1891, Tenth Ann. Rept. U. S. Geol. Survey, pl. txxxvu, fig. 1a; see also pls. LXXxXIV and LXXxv. * Walcott, 1886, Bull. U. S. Geol. Survey, No. 30, p. 183. * Walcott, Mon. U. S. Geol. Survey, vol. vim, 1884, p. 63; and Bull. U. S. Geol. Survey, No. 30, 1886, p. 184. 30 SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS VOL. 53 west of Montpelier, Idaho; Z. spinosus is from Mount Stephen, in British Columbia, 685 miles north-northwest of Spence Gulch. Among the associated fossils are Bathyuriscus howelli Walcott, Oryctocephalus reynoldsi Reed, Oryctocara geikiei Walcott, Micro- mitra (I[phidella) pannula (White). FoRMATION AND LocaLity.—Middle Cambrian: Spence shale of the Ute formation, 2,755 feet (839.7 m.) below the Upper Cambrian in the Liberty Canyon section; Spence Gulch, a ravine running up into Danish Flat from Mill Canyon, about 15 miles (9.37 km.) west of Montpelier, and 5 miles (3.12 km.) west-southwest of Liberty, Bear Lake County, Idaho, U. S. A. Genus NEOLENUS Matthew NEOLENUS INFLATUS, new species PLATE 5, FIGURES I-5 Dorsal shield large, elongate-elliptical in outline; axial lobe strongly convex. Cephalon semicircular in outline, with the genal angles produced into sharp spines about one-half the length of the cephalon; a narrow, rounded rim extends across the front of the cranidium, and, widening a little, runs along the outer margins of the free cheeks to the genal angles. The facial sutures cut the posterior margin well within the genal angles with an outward direction to the posterior furrow, where they curve inward and forward to the base of the eye lobe; arching over the eye lobes they curve outward to about the line of the outer rim of the palpebral lobe, forward to the frontal rim, and then obliquely inward across the rim to the front margin. Cranidium with a prominent, tumid glabella, narrow fixed cheeks, small antero-Jateral limbs, and strong postero-lateral limbs. Glabella large, convex; the frontal lobe is inflated and, in all but young, small specimens, overhangs the frontal rim; the sides gradually expand from the occipital ring to the broadly rounded front, which extends forward to, and lies parallel with, the furrow within the rounded frontal rim; the anterior half of the glabella is taken up by the expanded, anterior lobe and the posterior half is divided into four narrow lobes by shallow furrows that extend obliquely inward and slightly backward nearly to the median line; in some specimens, especially the young, the furrows are very faintly defined; occipital ring separated from the glabella by a narrow, shallow furrow; it is broad, moderately convex, and with a strong, long, sharp, arching spine that extends back over the thorax nearly to the pygidium; the base of the spine occupies nearly the entire width of the occipital ring at its center. Fixed cheeks CAMBRIAN TRILOBITES—WALCOTT By about one-fourth the width of the glabella, gently convex and merg- ing into the anterior and posterior limbs; the posterior limb is about twice as long as deep below the eye lobe and marked by a strong furrow within the broad, slightly convex posterior border ; palpebral lobe small, 7 mm. long in a cephalon having a length of 35 mm. at the eye lobes; it is bordered by a rounded rim that con- tinues obliquely forward across the fixed cheek and merges into the side of the glabella. Free cheeks large, gently convex; bordered by a rounded rim that is continued posteriorly into a spine; posterior margin rather broad and about one-third the length of the margin between the genal angles and the occipital ring; eye lobe small and not high. The genal spine is situated some distance out from the central axis, so that it clears the terminal spines of the thoracic pleure. Thorax with seven nearly transverse segments; axial lobe con- vex, with the segments slightly rounded and a small node at the center of each; a low, narrow, transverse ridge occurs on each side near the union of the axial and pleural lobes; pleural lobes a little wider than the axial lobe and slightly convex; the pleura is straight, out to the backward curving, terminal spine; the narrow pleural furrow originates at the inner end next to the axis and passes obliquely outward, terminating just back of the center of the pleura at the base of the terminal spine; the latter has a strong base and narrows rapidly to a sharp point as it extends outward and back- ward a short distance. Pygidium large, moderately convex; anterior margin nearly trans- verse, posterior outline broadly semi-elliptical; axial lobe convex and narrowing gradually from the anterior margin to the terminal ring at the narrow posterior border; it is divided into ten strong, rounded, transverse rings and a terminal section by ten narrow furrows; the terminal section in large specimens has a transverse pit on each side of its center that indicates an eleventh ring; a low node is indicated at the center of each ring, and a low, narrow, trans- verse swelling occurs near the dorsal furrow on each side; in a pygidium 8 mm. in length there are nine clearly defined, axial rings, a faint, tenth ring, and an elongate, rounded, terminal section ; pleural lobes slightly convex out to the spinose border, which is flattened between the termination of the pleural grooves and its outer edge; the eight marginal spines on each side are similar to those of the pleural lobes of the thorax with the exception of the posterior ones, which extend directly backward; the space between the axial lobe and the margin is marked by the pleural furrows and the narrow 32 SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS VOL. 53 furrows indicating seven anchylosed segments; the posterior fur- rows are nearly parallel to the sides of the axial lobe; the furrows all terminate on the inner portion of the outer border, the pleural furrows with a slight, elongate pit just within the border. Surface with variously arranged, irregular, raised lines or narrow, sharp ridges; on the glabella they are very slender and arranged in a somewhat concentric manner, although they are broken and irregular; on the fixed and free cheeks the raised lines are much stronger, irregular, and more or less anastomosing; on the thoracic segments the short, irregular raised lines cross the segments of the axis on each side between the central node and the dorsal furrow, and on the pleurz they extend obliquely across the raised spaces between the furrows; the pygidium has about the same markings at the thorax except on the flattened border, where the short, elevated, irregular lines extend across the border. DiIMENSIONS.—There are two small, nearly entire dorsal shields. One, having a length of 24 mm. exclusive of the posterior spines. of the pygidium, has the following dimensions: Cephalon: mm. TEM tla apse. 2.4.5: is honey syoce cate Eee Re a Soe Te 9.5 Waidthvatspostenonmaraiierr a merece i enn tree II.5 Thorax: ES ik=4 lg eee ah near. 4 nA Ao ico ee Lee sete do 2" 8.0 Waidth= at first Iseamemty. . 0. ico taatete et etieia Reyes eee ee 14.0 Pygidium : JORGE jo Sea ohne ape Sas Mebane aetaeioime eked aac Voce nei eee 7.5 Widthyat vanterion maroinmenr oases cen eee eee 10.0 A large cranidium, 52 mm. in length, has the following dimen- sions: Glabella : mm. Tpensth cn. £03 atin iat Tete eee ule Sean ae ee 42.0 Width =atsposteriorsmanoiiten, yr 4+ lie ee ieee es 88.0 WadthratwoccipitalehitrOw Perce cles imei -ree terra eee 26.0 Width just in front of ocular ridge..... <2 fayette aa pee 34.0 Palpebral: tim, Jenothhws cee wae a: << +s scene enema 7.0 A large pygidium, 58 mm. in length, has the following dimen- sions: mm Wadtheateantert ot amatadins ocr) icicctmeran eletetee areca 76.0 Axial lobe lengthine scares poke one cree, eee 52.0 Axial lobe, width) at anterior manoin) ce ase ee 19.0 Axial lobe, width at anterior sesment... 3.05. .ceeeee ee 19.0 Axial lobe, width at posterior section.................. 10.0 Pleural lobe, width at anterior margin......... Jags oes 28.5 CAMBRIAN TRILOBITES—-WALCOTT 33 Hypostoma strongly convex, elongate, strongly rounded at the base, narrowing toward the broadly rounded posterior margin; border slightly flattened, with a rounded edge; this edge is arched slightly upward on the sides at about the posterior third of the length of the hypostoma; a shallow furrow crosses the posterior end of the convex body a short distance in front of the posterior margin and subparallel to it; the alate lateral limbs are subtriangular in out- line and slightly convex. The surface is marked by fine, irregular, elevated lines that are subparallel to the rim on the margin and roughly concentric on the body. An hypostoma 26 mm. in length has a width of 28 mm. at its base, 15 mm. at the arches in the margin or at the posterior third; convexity at center, 5 mm. The above-described hypostoma is associated with this species, Neolenus superbus, and a less convex hypostoma which is referred to the latter species. OxssERVATIONS.—This large species and the associated Neolenus superbus appear to mark the extreme development in size of species of Neolenus and its latest occurrence in Cambrian time. Fragments of both species are abundant at one locality, and a few entire speci- mens have been found. It is the largest of the Cordilleran Cam- brian trilobites, some of the partially entire specimens indicating a length of 160 mm., width 83 mm. The most nearly related species is Neolenus superbus, from which Neolenus inflatus differs in having an inflated glabella, a longer pygidium, and in minor details of the pleurz of the thoracic seg- ments, pygidium, and cephalon. The inflated glabella, long pygi- dium with ten rings and spinose terminations of the thoracic pleure, separate it from Neolenus serratus (Rominger),! the type of the genus. The latter also has a granular surface and falcate termina- tions to the pleurze of the thoracic segments, and the faunal horizon of N. serratus is 1,900 to 2,125 feet below that of N. inflatus. ForRMATION AND LocaLity.—Middle Cambrian: 1,895-2,140 feet (605-653.8 m.) below the Upper Cambrian and about 2,000 feet (609.6 m.) above the beds containing Zacanthoides typicalis Walcott and Bathyuriscus howelli Walcott, the horizon which is correlated with the horizon carrying Neolenus serratus (Rominger) in British Columbia,? in thin-bedded limestones of the Marjum formation, in ridge on east side of Wheeler Amphitheater, east of Antelope Springs, House Range, Millard County, Utah, U. S. A. * Ogygia serrata Rominger, 1887, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia, p. 13. * This British Columbia horizon is given in detail in the Formation and locality of Burlingia hectori. 34 SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS VOL. 53 NEOLENUS INTERMEDIUS, new species PLATE 6, FIGURES I-7 This species, as its name implies, is an intermediate form between N. superbus and N. inflatus. It differs from both of those species in the absence of an occipital spine; and in having the sides of the glabella more nearly parallel and with the glabella less expanded in front, and somewhat more pointed or less abruptly rounded. The pleural lobes of the thorax have a terminal spine on the pleure ex- tending backward somewhat more abruptly than in either of the other species. The pygidium has five or six rings in the axial lobe and a terminal segment. NV. inflatus has ten or eleven rings in the axial lobe and N. superbus has eight rings; N. intermedius has the same number of terminal spines as NV. superbus, but the spines are curved back- ward much more than in the latter species. As far as known, this species does not attain the size of either N. superbus or N. inflatus. ‘The largest cephalon in the collection has a length of 35 mm. The proportions of the head and pygidium are about the same as NV. superbus. The hypostoma referred to this species is proportionally broader and with a larger body propor- tionally than that of N. inflatus or N. superbus. In other respects it is very much like the hypostoma of N.«superbus. DimEnsions.—A dorsal shield 74 mm. in length has the following dimensions : Cephalon: mm. Isengthiner seme ice ee crc ate ee coh tae eee 26.5 Lenath-of plabellasha. S029 Sos Set oa © ee Length ofseyenlobeta wate eeu aoe eee 4.4 Width at posterior umarein.: >. .< dv. <1. x cess MOE 44.0 Width of glabella at posterior margin. .....0¢.<:.4s.00 13.5 Woadth" of glabellavat anterior end. 4... .. 0. 20 2ackere ee 15.0 Thorax : erig thie. mvyaneeh rite tnedls , \7') 0x gs law tat Re Ge 27.0 Width, Waskiocs Soe we ca hid occ ea ca ea 41.0 Width of axial lobe at first Segment....:..4......6-c8 ee 13.0 Width of pleural lobe at first sesment. 3, :22..5 S722 13.5 Pygidium : Dyan eG Ghee j haat tere tele Sealers oe aa. a sarc t ees ee 20.5 Waichetaa aN. «fone sit Careers Fic sk ake vine sacs Os 35.0 Width of ax#l lobe ati-anterior ring... ...sJic. coe 10.0 Widthof axial lobe-at posterior rine. <.....4). cae aS CAMBRIAN TRILOBITES—WALCOTT 35 The surface markings of this species are much like those of N. superbus and N. inflatus, but very much finer. On a cranidium 11 mm. in length the surface appears smooth, except under a strong lens. FoRMATION AND LocaLity.—Middle Cambrian: 1,895-2,140 feet (605-653.8 m.) below the Upper Cambrian and about 2,000 feet (609.6 m.) above the beds containing Zacanthoides typicalis Walcott and Bathyuriscus howell: Walcott, the horizon which is correlated with the horizon carrying Neolenus serratus (Rominger) in British Columbia,’ in thin-bedded limestones of the Marjum formation, in ridge on east side of Wheeler Amphitheater, east of Antelope Springs, House Range, Millard County, Utah, U. S. A. NEOLENUS INTERMEDIUS PUGIO, new variety PLATE 6, FicureEs 8, 9 This variety is founded on four specimens of a pygidium that has four rings and a terminal segment in the axial lobe, four marginal spines on each side and three clearly defined anchylosed pleural segments marked by oblique pleural furrows. A specimen II mm. in length has a width at the front of 36 mm. The axial lobe has a width of 5 mm. at the first segment and 3 mm. at the terminal segment. This variety differs from N. intermedius in having four instead of five marginal spines on each side of the pygidium, four axial rings instead of five and a shorter terminal section to the axial lobe. A fragment of the outer surface shows it to have been of the same type as that of N. superbus. ForMATION AND LocaLitry.—Middle Cambrian: 1,895—-2,140 feet (605-053.8 m.) below the Upper Cambrian and about 2,000 feet (609.6 m.) above the beds containing Zacanthoides typicalis Walcott and Bathyuriscus howelli Walcott, the horizon which is correlated with the horizon carrying Neolenus serratus (Rominger) in British Columbia,* in thin-bedded limestones of the Marjum formation, in ridge on east side of Wheeler Amphitheater, east of Antelope Springs, House Range, Millard County, Utah, U. S. A. *This British Columbia horizon is given in detail in the Formation and locality of Burlingia hectori. 36 SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS VOL. 53 NEOLENUS SUPERBUS, new species PLATE 4, FIGURES I-5 Dorsal shield large, longitudinally elliptical in outline, moderately convex. Cephalon subsemicircular in outline, one-third of the length of the dorsal shield; bordered by a strong, slightly convex outer margin that is continued at the genal angles into strong, sharp spines that extend backward and slightly outward to about opposite the fourth thoracic segment; the posterior marginal border is narrow next to the glabella, from where it gradually broadens to the base of the genal spine; between the facial suture and the genal spine the margin arches abruptly forward, so as to throw the base of the genal spine in front of the line of the posterior margin; a well defined but narrow furrow separates it from the fixed cheek. Cranidium with a large glabella, narrow antero-lateral limbs, and large postero-lateral limbs; fixed cheeks narrow opposite the palpe- bral lobes; anteriorly they extend as a narrow, short section to the front border, and posteriorly merge into the postero-lateral limb, which is nearly as deep from the eye lobe to the posterior margin as from the glabella to its postero-lateral angle; palpebral lobe narrow, short, and with its outer rim extended diagonally from and across the fixed cheek to the dorsal furrow, next to the glabella. Glabella elongate, moderately convex; sides nearly straight, and separated from the fixed cheeks by a narrow, strong furrow, slightly wider where the sides touch the frontal border than at the occipital furrow; front broadly rounded and subparallel to the anterior margin of the cranidium; surface marked by three pairs of short, oblique furrows that extend inward and slightly backward about one-third the distance across the glabella; a small pit occurs in the dorsal furrow at the antero-lateral angles, and from it a short, obscure furrow extends directly inward for a short distance; the elabellar furrows are not at all prominent. Occipital ring narrow at the ends, gradually becoming stronger and more convex toward the center, where a strong, backward arching spine has its base; occipital furrow nearly transverse, shallow, and terminating in advance of the furrows of the fixed cheeks. Free cheeks relatively small; the body rises with very little convexity from within the strong outer border to the base of the short, low eye lobe. The facial sutures cut the posterior margin a short distance within the genal spine, curve slightly outward across the border, and then inward with a gentle sigmoid curve to the base of the eye lobe; arching over the latter, they extend forward with a slight outward arching across the border, so as to cut the front margin on a line with the center of the eye lobe. . CAMBRIAN TRILOBITES—WALCOTT ag Thorax with seven segments; axial labe convex, and as wide as the pleural lobes exclusive of the terminal spines; a strong, short, sharp spine occurs at the center of each segment, and a narrow, transverse, low, rounded ridge on each side next to the dorsal furrow; the pleural lobes are slightly convex; each pleura has a strong, diagonal furrow that originates near the front margin next to the dorsal furrow and gradually widens toward the outer end, where it terminates nearly at the center of the pleura and within the base of the sharp, terminal spine ; a narrow, rounded ridge occurs on each side of the pleural furrow that forms the margins of the pleure ; the terminal spines have a broad base and extend obliquely outward and slightly backward a short distance. Pygidium large, moderately convex; anterior margin nearly transverse and posterior outline semicircular; axial lobe convex, a little shorter than the entire length; it is divided into seven rings and a terminal section by seven nearly transverse, narrow furrows; a low, narrow median ridge is indicated by the termination of the deeper portion of each transverse furrow just outside of the median line; five anchylosed pleural segments are outlined on the pleural lobes on each side of the axial lobe; the furrows all terminate within the slightly flattened, rounded border, which has five straight, narrow spines extending out from it on each side; the anterior segment of the pygidium is so much like the segments of the thorax that it is difficult to distinguish it from the thorax. Hypostoma similar to that of Neolenus inflatus, except that its body is less convex, and small specimens show an elongate tubercle on each side just back-of the line separating the convex body from its posterior, less convex, and narrower portion. Surface with variously arranged, irregular, short, very fine, raised lines or minute ridges; on the glabella they are arranged in a concentric manner, although very irregular and interrupted by numerous breaks in continuity and strength; on the cheeks the lines are somewhat coarser; on the thorax and pygidium the lines are exceedingly fine and inconspicuous; where seen they have about the same arrangement as those of the surface of Neolenus inflatus. Dimenstons.—A dorsal shield 65 mm. in length has the following dimensions : Cephalon: mm. LeLELETS ET tyes BEN Ae tous gy Ae Oa a nm inh Sh A a ea 23.00 Deira GterlAneiicody rik wets sod UN awe be vine Seca a eos 17.00 NENA AL COMP EVENNESS SNE. ccainte igatcue Ge adh ssf Saarerctabale vases 2.75 IPE TAS SANE SOB) IGE a eee ge na eC 38.00 Width of glabella at posterior margin................. 12.00 Widthorelahellarat-anterior end)...s-.......0.-+.4- 13.50 38 SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS VOL. 53 Thorax : mm. Teeneth 3 oe anaes ah os Sie) 2 capac fe eae aoe ee 24.00 Wa ER ooo reia atin set ete ce eee ch an eee ee eee 30.00 Width of axiallobe at) tinst secimenter sees eee eee 10.00 Width of pleural lobe -at first segment............... 10.00 Pygidium: Lene thy sicistartiies eat te Cee eee Se eee 18.00 WAHL oo’ tsve nc en ters tle Gime tue Searls US Aa 26.00 Width of axial lobe vat antenionmmnineseeeer eerie 9.00 Width: of axial lobe ab posterior rings > 7.....4..., same 6.50 Hypostoma : Tyengthi< S00 bs Snes cee cate saan eee ee ee ee ees 29.00 Leneth: Of body oe. 4 .< se ceo ose ee eee 30 Fic. 1. A nearly entire dorsal shield with the occipital spine broken off. U. S. National Museum, Catalogue No. 53383. Fics. 2 and 2a. Hypostoma associated with this species. U. S. National Museum, Catalogue No. 53381. Fic. 3. Large compressed cranidium. U. S. National Museum, Cata- logue No. 53384. 4. Small convex cranidium. U. S. National Museum, Catalogue No. 53382. 5. Portion of a large dorsal shield with well preserved outline of the cephalon. U.S. National Museum, Catalogue No. 53380. The specimens represented by figures I-5 are all from thin- bedded Middle Cambrian limestones of the Marjum forma- tion, 2,140 feet (652.3m.) above the top of the Lower Cam- brian, in ridge on east side of Wheeler Amphitheater, east of Antelope Springs, House Range, Millard County, Utah. SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS VOL. 53, PL. 4 ssa ase 1 CAMBRIAN TRILOBITES 50 SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS VOL. 53 DESCRIPTION OF PLATE 5 Neolenus iniatws, Mews SpeCiese). a4 5m -4 asc eens chee eee tee ene 30 Fic. 1. A small nearly entire dorsal shield with the exception of the free cheeks. U.S. National Museum, Catalogue No. 53390. Fics. 2 and 2a. A large cranidium. U. S. National Museum, Catalogue No. 53380. Fic. 3. A characteristic pygidium. U.S. National Museum, Catalogue No. 53388. Fics. 4 and 4a. Associated hypostoma. U. S. National Museum, Cata- logue No. 53386. 5. Enlargement of the exterior ornamentation of the surface of the fixed cheek back of the palpebral lobe. U. S. National Museum, Catalogue No. 53387. . The specimen represented by figure 1 is from thin-bedded Middle Cambrian limestones 2,300 feet (701 m.) above the Lower Cambrian; and the specimens represented by figures 2-5 are from thin-bedded Middle Cambrian limestones 2,140 feet (652.3 m.) above the top of the Lower Cambrian, both in the Marjum formation, in the ridge on east side of Wheeler Amphitheater, east of Antelope Springs, Millard County, Utah. SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS VOL. 53, PL. 5 CAMBRIAN TRILOBITES \a 1 LJ ~< ‘ee Fig pa 2 ie Ad 28a rd A ae - i €-dgaf) | — % 52 SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS VOL. 53 DESCRIPTION OF PLATE 6 Neolenus intermedius, new Species... ..0.2 esa -tieee-ia-ee tee Fic. 1. Cranidium and thorax; natural size. U. S. National Museum, NI Catalogue No. 53397. . Cranidium; natural size. U. §S. National Museum, Catalogue No. 53394. . A pygidium with five marginal spines. Compare this pygidium with that of Neolenus superbus on pl. 4, fig. 1. U. S$. Na- tional Museum, Catalogue No. 53308. . A pygidium with six marginal spines that is doubtfully referred to this species. U. S. National Museum, Catalogue No. 53392. . A small convex cranidium doubtfully referred to this species. U. S. National Museum, Catalogue No. 53395. . A small cranidium with a strong occipital node. U. S$. National Museum, Catalogue No. 53396. . Hypostoma associated with this species. U. S. National Mu- seum, Catalogue No. 53393. The specimen represented by figure 6 is from thin-bedded Middle Cambrian limestones 2,075 feet (632.5m.) above the Lower Cambrian; that represented by figure 5 is from thin- bedded Middle Cambrian limestones 2,140 feet (652.3 m.) above the Lower Cambrian; and those represented by figures 1-4, and 7 are from thin-bedded Middle Cambrian limestones 2,300 feet (7o1m.) above the Lower Cambrian; all in the Marjum formation, in ridge on east side of Wheeler Amphi- theater, east of Antelope Springs, House Range, Millard County, Utah. Neolenus intermedius pugio, new variety......0.0 0.65.08. + ues on see Fic. 8. Fragment of a large dorsal shield with missing parts restored in outline. U. S. National Museum, Catalogue No. 53400. 9g. A broken pygidium. U. §S. National Museum, Catalogue No. 53401. The specimens represented by figures 8 and 9 are from thin- bedded Middle Cambrian limestones of the Marjum forma- tion, 2,300 feet (7o1 m.) above the Lower Cambrian, in ridge on east side of Wheeler Amphitheater, east of Antelope Springs, House Range, Millard County, Utah. 35 SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS VOL. 53 PL. 6 CAMBRIAN TRILOBITES ~ oe ¥ ia ‘ ee ee eee | ; ee r 4 AS PY “or ose: / Ps ; CORRECTIONS TO BE INSERTED IN SMITHSONIAN MIS- CELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS, VOLUME LIIL. Notrt.—This slip is so arranged that it may be torn apart and pasted in papers Nos, 1, 2, and 3. CAMBRIAN GEOLOGY AND PALEONTOLOGY. WALCOTT. No. 1.—NoMENCLATURE OF SOME CAMBRIAN CORDILLERAN TORMATIONS. Page 2. The Mount Whyte formation which is placed in the Middle Cambrian on page 2 should be in the Lower Cambrian as indicated on page 4. CAMBRIAN GEOLOGY AND PALEONTOLOGY. WALCOTT. No. 2.—CAMBRIAN TRILOBITES. Page 22. 17th line, strike out “Wolsey.” “22. 18th line, (2.5 km.) should read (6.44 km.) “26. 4th and 5th lines, 30. 9th and toth lines, (9.37 km.) and (3.12km.) should read (24.14 42. 43d and 44th lines, km.) and (8.05 km.), respectively, “46. 29th and 30th lines, 33. 33d line, 35. Oth line, “35. 28th line, “38. 4ist line, Fag, 27th line, 44. 27th line, (605-653.8 m.) should read (577.6-652.3 m.) (0.62 km.) should read (1.61 km.) CAMBRIAN GEOLOGY AND PALEONTOLOGY. WALCOTT. No. 3.—CAMBRIAN BrACHIOPODA: DESCRIPTIONS OF NEW GENERA AND SPECIES. Page 57. 32d line, “base of the Wolsey shale” should read “top of the quartzitic sandstones.” “ tor. 18th line, strike out “Wolsey.” The shale mentioned on these pages is not the equivalent of the Wolsey shale. ah, bd eae >i eles v A ‘aaa i x ry : J Be La Re eat mF SSN me I i SS AY So ae aad ated tll wah eat nh wy SE os SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS PART OF VOLUME LIII CAMBRIAN Peel OGyY AND PALEONTOLOGY No. 3.—CAMBRIAN BRACHIOPODA: DesekiPTiONs OF NEW GENERA AND SPECIES WITH FOUR PLATES BY CHARLES D. WALCOTT ING No. 1810 CITY OF WASHINGTON PUBLISHED BY THE SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION OCTOBER I, 1908 , “wy va nd 7 ‘ by 5} DO ¥ | , ) 4 , Va baer CAMBRIAN GEOLOGY AND PALEONTOLOGY No. 3—CAMBRIAN BRACHIOPODA: DESCRIPTIONS OF NEW GENERA AND SPECIES By CHARLES D. WALCOTT (With Four PLATEs) This is the eighth paper resulting from the preliminary studies for s § y Monograph 51 of the U. S. Geological Survey. I expect to use many 5 5 » >, new generic and specific names in lists of fossils occurring in geo- logic sections and in a forthcoming paper on the classification of the fo) 5 Brachiopoda, and think it is best to describe the fossils before using their names elsewhere. The paper on the classification will be the last of the preliminary papers, as the monograph is now in the editor’s hands and should appear in 1909. The previous papers in this series are: I. Note on the genus Lingulepis. American Jour. Sci., 4th ser., III, 1897, Pp. 404-405. Il. Cambrian Brachiopoda: Genera [phidia and Yorkia, with descriptions of new species of each, and of the genus Acrothele. Proc. U. §. Na- tional Museum, XIX, 1807, pp. 707-718. IiI. Note on the brachiopod fauna of the quartzitic pebbles of the Car- boniferous conglomerates of the Narragansett Basin, Rhode Island. American Jour. Sci., 4th ser., VI, 1808, pp. 327-328. IV. Cambrian Brachiopoda: Obolus and Lingulella, with descriptions of new species. Proc. U. S. National Museum, XXI, 1898, pp. 385-420. V. Cambrian Brachiopcda: Obolella, subgenus Glyptias; Bicia; Obolus, subgenus estonia; with descriptions of new species. Proc. U. S. National Museum, XXIII, 1901, pp. 669-695. VI. Cambrian Brachiopoda: Acrotreta; Linnarssonella; Obolus; with de- scriptions of new species. Proc, U. S. National Museum, XXV, 1902, pp. 577-612. VII. Cambrian Brachiopoda, with descriptions of new genera and species. Proc. U. S. National Museum, XXVIII, 1905, pp. 227-337. There are also a number of Cambrian brachiopoda described in two papers on the Cambrian faunas of China: Cambrian Faunas of China. Proc. U. S. National Museum, XXIX, 1005, pp. 1-106. Cambrian Faunas of China. Proc. U. S. National Museum, XXX, 1906, Pp. 563-505. 53 54 SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS — VOL. 53 Genus MICKWITZIA Schmidt [1888, p. 24] MICKWITZIA OCCIDENS, new.species PLATE 7, FIGURE I There are only crushed and broken specimens of this shell. One of these shows that the apex of the ventral valve was a little above the posterior margin of the shell, very much as in Mickwitsia pre- tiosa. ‘The outline of the valves appears to have been ovate to sub- circular, with the ventral valve moderately convex. The shell is phosphatic or chitinous and built up of three principal layers. The outer layer is thin and thickly set with minute pustules or granules that give the surface a roughened appearance. When the outer layer is exfoliated, which is usually the case, the middle layer presents a smooth, shining surface that is marked by a few concentric striz and numerous fine radiating striz, between which many very minute puncte occur. The inner layer shows minute, irregular, serpentine, rounded ridges, perforated by vertical canals or puncte. An inte- .tior of a ventral valve shows the lines of adyance of the antero- lateral muscle scars. The largest shell indicated on the surface of the siliceous shale has a length and width of 12 mm. This species and the generic reference is based on the character of the apex of the ventral valve and the structure and character of the shell. ForMATION AND LocaLity.—Lower Cambrian: (1) Near the base of the section, about 5,500 feet (1,676.4 m.) below the top of the Lower Cambrian, in shaly indurated sandstones, one mile (1.61 km.) east of the Saline Valley road, and 2 to 3 miles (3.22 to 4.83 km.) east-northeast of Waucoba Springs, Inyo County, California. (2) Sandstones on small hull in the salt fat one mile (1.61 km.) northeast of Silver Peak Mill, Silver Peak quadrangle (U.S. G.S.), Esmeralda County, Nevada.* MICKWITZIA PRETIOSA, new species PLATE 7, FIGURE 2 This species is founded on a single specimen of a ventral valve. It has a length of 7 mm.; width, 6.5 mm. Outline subcircular, slightly convex; apex curved over toward the posterior margin and projecting beyond it. False area short and obscure. Surface marked by radiating, raised lines, that at the front margin show six * Where there is more than one locality, the one from which the type speci- mens come is italicised. CAMBRIAN BRACHIOPODA—WALCOTT 55 in a distance of two millimeters. Fine papille are thickly scattered over the surface. ‘They have a tendency to follow concentric lines of growth on some portions of the shell, and on others they appear on low, narrow, serpentine ridges, as in Mickwitzia monilifera (Lin- narsson) [1869, p. 344]. A few large puncte are scattered here and there over the surface. Inner surfaces and layers of shell unknown. This beautiful shell differs in the details of its surface from M. monilifera; it is also less convex and the apex is nearer the posterior margin. ForMATION AND LocaLity.—Lower Cambrian: Eophyton sand- stone, at Lugnas, Vestergotland, Sweden. Genus MICROMITRA Meek [1873, p. 479]. MICROMITRA HAYDENI, new species PLATE 7, FIGURES 3 AND 3a Ventral valve subconical, with a minute beak arching slightly over a strong, arched pseudodeltidium, which is about one-half as long as the height of the valve. Cardinal slope rounded; a slight angle is indicated by a line where the concentric surface striz bend inward toward the pseudodeltidium across the narrow area; a sharp angle is formed where the convex pseudodeltidium rises abruptly from the area. Dorsal valve moderately convex, most elevated at the small umbo just in advance of the marginal, minute beak; area very low and narrow and without trace of pseudodeltidium as far as now known. Surface marked by fine, concentric, slightly undulating, thread- like striz and a varying number of irregular, more or less inter- rupted, narrow, depressed, rounded, radiating. ridges; these ridges are usually most numerous at the central portions of the valves. The concentric striae extend across the narrow area and arch over the pseudodeltidium, where they are finer and crowded together, so that all the striz between the apex and the front margin are com- pressed in about one-half the distance on the pseudodeltidium. The adult ventral valve is about 4.5 mm. in length by 5 mm. in width and 2.5 mm. in height, with a pseudodeltidium 1.3 mm. in length. A dorsal valve 2 mm. in length has a height of about 0.5 mm. at the umbo. ‘The shell is rather thick for a species of this size and it is built up of several thin layers or lamelle. OBSERVATIONS.—Micromitra haydeni differs from the nearest re- lated species, WM. sculptilis (Meek) [1873, p. 479], in having a strong, 56 SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS VOL. 53 convex pseudodeltidium, less elevation of the ventral valve, and a thicker shell. WM. haydeni occurs near the base of the Middle Cam- brian and M. sculptilis about 2,000 feet (609.6 m.) higher in the section of the Cambrian rocks of Utah and southern Idaho. The specific name is given in honor of Dr. F. V. Hayden, geologist and explorer, under whose charge the geology of this region was first studied. ForMATION AND Locarity.—Middle Cambrian: Limestone of the Langston formation, just above the Cambrian quartzitic sandstone beds, north side of Two Mile Canyon, near its mouth, 2 miles (3.22 km.) southeast of Malad, Oneida County, Idaho. MICROMITRA SCULPTILIS ENDLICHI, new variety This form is represented by a single specimen of a ventral valve. The surface is similar to that of Micromitra sculptilis (Meek) [1873, p. 479], but the valve is more elongate, less elevated, and larger (5 mm. in diameter) than the specimens of the latter from the type locality. ForRMATION AND LocaLity.—Upper Cambrian: Limestone 2 miles (3.22 km.) north of Aurum, Schell Creek Range, White Pine County, Nevada. Subgenus IPHIDELLA Walcott [1905a, p. 304] MICROMITRA (IPHIDELLA) LOUISE, new species PLATE 7, FIGURES 4 AND 4a In form this species is not unlike Micromitra pealet (Walcott) [1897), p. 712] and the more elongate forms of M. ([phidella) pan- nula maladensis (Walcott) [1go5a, p. 306]. It differs from both species mentioned in its surface characters. In the latter respect it is more like M. (J.) nyssa (see p. 57), but the form of M. (J.) louise is more elongate and the apex of the ventral valve is nearer to the posterior margin; the shell also appears to have been thicker. The surface characters are exceedingly minute. Under a glass magni- fying twenty diameters, the surface looks much like that of W. (/.) pannula (White) [1874, p. 6]. The largest ventral valve in the collection has a length of 7.5 mm. and a width of 7 mm.; elevation, I mm. Micromitra (Iphidella) lowise is the oldest brachiopod known from the Cambrian of the Canadian Rocky Mountains. In the Lakes Louise and Agnes section it is 3,1Cco feet (944.9 m.) below the sum- mit of the Lower Cambrian and 2,750 feet (838.2 m.) below the CAMBRIAN BRACHIOPODA—WALCOTYT By. horizon which, on the basis of the associated faunas, is correlated with that at which MW. (J.) nyssa occurs in Montana. It occurs in a fine, hard, dark gray, siliceous shale in association with Hyolithes, Cruziana, and a fragment indicating the free cheek of a trilobite. ForMATION AND Locarity.—Lower Cambrian: Siliceous shale of the Lake Louise formation [ Walcott, 1908a, p. 5], 3,100 feet (944.9 m.) below the summit of the Lower Cambrian, in cliff rising from the southwest shore of Lake Louise, south of Laggan, on the Canadian Pacific Railway, Alberta, Canada. MICROMITRA (IPHIDELLA) NYSSA, new species PLATE 7, FIGURE 5 Ventral valve subcircular in outline, with the posterior margin almost transverse; form depressed conical, with a minute beak in- curving over the pseudodeltidium. The cardinal slope is compressed in all the specimens, but it indicates that there was an imperfectly defined narrow area. Pseudodeltidium, as far as can be determined, broad and short, with its lower margin broadly arched. Dorsal valve slightly convex, beak marginal. No traces of a false area or pseudo- deltidium have been observed. ; Surface marked by concentric strie and lines of growth that are crossed obliquely by two sets of fine elevated lines. The crossing of the latter lines forms minute, shallow, rhomboidal pits, which give to the surface the appearance of a fine network. On the ventral valve the striz cross the pseudodeltidium. Shell substance corneous. OBsERVATIONS.—This is one of the largest shells of this genus. The ventral valve has a length of 11 mm. and a width of 13 mm. In form it resembles Micromitra (Paterina) labradorica ( Billings) [1861b, p. 6], and in surface characters, MW. ([phidella) ornatella (Linnarsson) [1876, p. 25] and some varieties of M. (J.) pannula (White) [1874, p. 6]. ForMATION AND LocaLity.—Middle Cambrian: About 200 feet - _ (61 m.) above the base of the Wolsey shale, on ridge between Gor- don and Young creeks, about half way between Gordon Mountain summit and Cardinal Peak, Ovando quadrangle (U. S. G. S.), Powell County, Montana. 58 SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS VOL. 53 Subgenus PATERINA Beecher [1801, p. 345] MICROMITRA (PATERINA) STUARTI, new species PLATE 7, FicurEs 8 AND 8a Ventral valve subconical, with a minute beak arching slightly over a short pseudodeltidium. Cardinal slope with a rounded angle that extends from the beak to the postero-lateral margin and defines a very narrow, flattened area on each side of a high, triangular fissure that is covered for a short distance at the top by a very short, arched pseudodeltidium. Dorsal valve rather strongly convex for a species of this genus; the highest part is at about the center of the shell, from where the slope is very slight to the beak and rather rapid to the front margin. Beak marginal above a low, broad arching of the posterior margin of the shell; area shown only by a very narrow margin where the shell bends toward the median line; no trace of a pseudodeltidium has been observed. Surface marked by narrow, rounded, concentric thread-like striz or ridges with short striz between them. Shell substance corneous. The average size of adult shells is 8 mm. long by about the same width. OBSERVATIONS.—This is one of the larger species of the genus; it occurs quite abundantly in a compact, bluish-gray limestone in the lower portion of the Middle Cambrian terrane. Micromitra (Paterina) superba (Walcott) [1897), p. 711] occurs 16 feet (4.8 m.) below and M. (Iphidella) pannula (White) [1874, p. 6] 70 feet (21.3 m.) below in the same section. This fine shell has a short pseudodeltidium much like that of MW. (P.) logani (Walcott) [1897, p. 711], but it differs in form and greater size; the same is true of M. (P.) crenistria (Walcott) [1897, p. 713]. It may be closely related to M. (P.) labradorica ‘ utahensis (Walcott) [1905, p. 306], but the specimens of the latter are too imperfect for close comparison of form. The specific name is given for my son Benjamin Stuart, who assisted me in collecting the specimens during the summer of 1906. FoRMATION AND Locatitty.—Middle Cambrian: Limestones of the Ute formation [ Walcott, 1908a, p. 7], 185 feet (56.4 m.) above the Cambrian quartzitic sandstone beds, in Blacksmith Fork Canyon, about 8 miles (12.87 km.) above its mouth and 15 miles (24.14 km.) east of Hyrum, Cache County, Utah. CAMBRIAN BRACHIOPODA—WALCOTT 59 MICROMITRA (PATERINA) WAPTA, new species PLATE 7, FicurE 6 Shell large and thick for a species of this genus. Ventral valve depressed conical, with the apex above a narrow false area that is outlined by the abrupt curvature of the shell. As the shells usually occur compressed in the siliceous shale, the false area is concealed and the posterior slopes from the apex form a blunt angle at the apex. Dorsal valve transverse, moderately convex, with the pos- terior margin nearly straight and a little shorter than the greatest width of the valve; beak small, marginal; cardinal slope and false area unknown. Surface marked by concentric, slightly irregular, rounded lines and ridges of growth that are grouped in bands of varying width; a few radiating striz or lines occur on the central portions of one ventral valve; with a lens magnifying 20 diameters, an occasional roughness can be seen in reflected light on the surface of some of the concentric ridges. OBSERVATIONS.—This is one of the largest species of the genus. One ventral valve has a length and breadth of 14 mm. and several are 9 to I1 mm. in diameter. It compares in size with Micromitra (Iphidella) nyssa (see p. 57), from the same geological horizon in Montana, but the latter has a reticulate exterior surface of the M. (1.) pannula (White) [1874, p. 6] type. It was at first thought that this species might be the old shells of Acrothele collei, new species, but a careful comparison with the younger stages of growth of V.(P.) _wapta shows that the latter has only indefinite traces of the highly ornate surface of Acrothele colleni, and that the apex of the ventral valve of M. (P.) wapta is imperforate and over the posterior margin and not on the general surface of the valve in advance of the margin, as in Acrothele colleni. ‘The two species were found associated on Mount Bosworth. M. (P.) wapta is of the same type as W. (P.) labradorica (Billings) [1861b, p. 6], M. (P.) prospectensis (Wal- cott) [1884, p. 19], and M. (P.) stissingensis (Dwight) [18809, p. 145]. It differs from all in having more irregular, less definite threadlike concentric lines, and in the manner in which the striz are assembled in ridges. FoRMATION AND LocaLity.—Lower Cambrian: Drift block of siliceous shale supposed to have come from the Mt. Whyte forma- tion [Walcott, 1908a, p. 4], south slope of Mount Bosworth, on the Continental Divide, one mile (1.61 km.) west of Stephen, on the Canadian Pacific Railway, British Columbia, Canada. 60 SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS VOL. 53 MICROMITRA (PATERINA) WILLIARDI, new species PLATE 7, FIGURE 7 Iphidella major Watcort (in part), 1905, Proc. U. S. National Museum, XXVIII, p. 304. (Specimens now referred to M. (P.) williardi were included with the specimens representing M. (P.) major when this description was written.) Ventral valve subconical, with the apex over the posterior third of the subcircular margin of the valve; false area narrow, but clearly defined by a rather sharp angle on the cardinal slopes that breaks the curvature of the shell a short distance from the margin of the pseudodeltidium; pseudodeltidium broad, convex, with its 1iower margin broadly arched, so as to leave a space between it and the general plane of the margin of the shell. Some specimens of the pseudodeltidium are uniformly rounded, in others there is a narrow groove extending from the apex to the base, and on some a very narrow faint ridge is indicated. Dorsal valve slightly convex, transverse, and slightly rounded at the cardinal margin. No-traces of a false area or pseudodeltidium have been observed. The cast of the interior of the apex of the ventral valve shows a small apical callosity with two radiating grooves extending upward toward the front lateral margin of the shell. Surface marked by very fine, strong, concentric, elevated strie. A specimen 10 mm. in diameter shows seven of these elevated strize in a distance of I mm.; the elevated strize are crossed by very fine trans- verse striz ; the elevated strize cross the false area parallel to its base and arch over the pseudodeltidium. A ventral valve 10.5 mm. in diameter has a height of 2.5 mm. OBSERVATIONS.—This species is closely related to Micromitra (Paterina) superba (Walcott) [1897), p. 711]. It differs in having a longer pseudodeltidium, more finely elevated strize on the surface, and a more sharply elevated apex to the ventral valve. It is the Lower Cambrian representative of M. (P.) superba. The associated fossils are Obolus smithi (see p. 62), Wimanella shelbyensis (see p. 100), Micromitra (Paterina) major (Walcott) [1905a, p. 304], and numerous fragments of two or three species of Olenellus. ForMATION AND Locartity.—Lower Cambrian: Montevallo argil- laceous shale (1) 4 miles (6.44 km.) south of Helena; and (2) .25 mile (.40 km.) northeast of Helena; both in Shelby County, Ala- bama. CAMBRIAN BRACHIOPODA—WALCOTT 61 Genus OBOLUS Eichwald [1829, p. 274] OBOLUS MEMBRANACEOUS, new species PLATE 7, FIGURE II In size and outline this species is somewhat similar to Obolus feistmanteli (Barrande) [1879, pl. 106, figs. Iv: I-14; pl. 110, figs. vil: 1-4], but in its very thin, almost membranaceous shell it differs from that species and all other species of the genus known to me. Seven specimens were collected from a shaly, compact limestone, all as casts. Remnants of the corneous shell are preserved which show it to have been very thin, and the interior casts show that it did not retain any impressions of the animal sufficiently strong to be im- pressed on the cast. A short, rather narrow cardinal area occurs on both the ventral and dorsal valves. Outer surface smooth, with a few lines of growth. The largest ventral valve has a length of 17 mm., with a width of 22 mm. A less distorted dorsal valve has the same length and width, 15 mm. FORMATION AND LocaLity.—Middle Cambrian: 4,250 feet (1295.4 m.) above the top of the Lower Cambrian and 860 feet (262.1 m.) below the Upper Cambrian, in shales of the Eldon formation [Wal- cott, 1908a, p. 3], at the north end of the amphitheater northwest of Mount Bosworth, on the Continental Divide, north of the Canadian Pacific Railway, British Columbia, Canada. OBOLUS PARVUS, new species PLATE 7, FIGURES 10 AND 10a Shell small, rarely over 2.5 mm. in diameter, moderately convex, nearly semicircular in outline. Ventral valve a little longer than wide and with the umbo curving gently to the minute marginal beak. Dorsal valve a little wider than long and with apex marginal. Sur- face marked by minute concentric strize of growth and an exceed- ingly fine network of irregular lines, that, with a lens magnifying 20 diameters, gives it the appearance of the surface of Lingulella (Lingulepis) longinervis (Matthew) [1903, p. 133]. Nothing is known of the interior of the valves. OBSERVATIONS.—This small shell occurs in great abundance with Micromitra (Paterina) wapta (see p. 59), Wimanella simplex (see p. 101), Albertella helena Walcott [ 1908), p. 19], and other fossils of the fauna of the upper portion of the Lower Cambrian terrane in the Canadian Rocky Mountains. In form it resembles Obolus mini- 62 SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS VOL. 53 mus Walcott [1905a, p. 325] from China, but it differs in having a less elongate ventral valve and in its peculiar surface. ForRMATION AND LocaLity.—Lower Cambrian: (1) 1,250 feet (381 m.) above Lake Agnes, in the shales of the Mt. Whyte forma- tion [Walcott, 1908a, p. 4], on the north slope of Mt. Whyte, about 4 miles (6.44 km.) south of Laggan, on the Canadian Pacific Rail- way, Alberta; and (2) drift block of shale supposed to have come from the Mt. Whyte formation, on the south slope of Mount Bos- worth, on the Continental Divide, one mile (1.61 km.) west of Stephen, on the Canadian Pacific Railway, British Columbia, Canada. OBOLUS SMITHI, new species PLATE 7, FIGURES 9 AND 9a General form broadly ovate, with the ventral valve obtusely acu- minate and the dorsal valve subcircular, slightly transverse; con- vexity apparently moderate, judging from the specimens as they occur slightly flattened out in the calcareous shales. The shell was relatively strong and formed of a number of thin layers or lamellz that, toward the outer edge of the valve, were more numerous and gave a scaly appearance to the margins of the old shells. Surface marked by concentric lines of growth and numerous very fine, slightly irregular, undulating, concentric ridges upon which numerous very minute papilla occur, giving the surface, under a strong magnifying power, the appearance of being minutely granular. A ventral valve 6 mm. in length has a width of 6.75 mm. A slightly larger dorsal valve 7.5 mm. in length has a width of 8 mm. As shown in the cast, the area of the ventral valve is very short and divided by a relatively strongly marked, narrow pedicle furrow, the edges of which were elevated slightly above the general plane of the area. The cast of the interior shows that the visceral area was continued by a slight, narrow median ridge; the main vascular sinuses extended rather directly forward from the umbo nearly to the front of the shell, separating very gradually and bounding the interior third of the valve. Nothing has been observed of the muscle scars. The cast of the dorsal valve shows that it had a very short area that extended well out on the cardinal slopes; that a low central ridge extended a little more than half the length of the shell and was continued by a slight, narrow median ridge; the main vascular sinuses extend directly and obliquely forward well toward the front of the shell in about the same relative position as in the ventral - CAMBRIAN BRACHIOPODA—-WALCOTT 03 valve; the position of the transmedian and anterior-lateral muscle scars is indicated about half way between the main vascular sinuses and the postero-lateral margin of the valve. OBSERVATIONS.—This species is characterized by its finely granular surface, short cardinal area, and relatively thick shell. It has the general form of Obolus lamborni (Meek) [1871, p. 185] and Obolus willisi (Waleott) [1898), p. 418]. It differs from both of these species in having a granulated surface and shorter cardinal area. It is a Lower Cambrian form, but appears to be represented in the Middle Cambrian by Obolus willisi and in the Upper Cambrian by Obolus lamborni. ‘The associated fossils are Wimanella shelbyensis (see p. 100), Micromitra (Paterina) major (Walcott) [1905, p. 304], Micromitra (Paterina) williardi (see p. 60), and numerous fragments of two or three species of Olenellus. The specific name is given in honor of Prof. E. A. Smith, State Geologist of Alabama. FoRMATION AND LocaLity.—Lower Cambrian: Montevallo shale (1) 4 miles (6.44 km.) south of Helena; and (2) along road just north of Buck Creek, .125 mile (.20 km.) northeast of Helena; both in Shelby County, Alabama. OBOLUS TETONENSIS LEDA, new variety This is the Upper Cambrian representative of Obolus tetonensis Walcott [1901, p. 684] of the Middle Cambrian of the Teton Moun- tains. Stratigraphically it occurs over 2,000 feet (609.6 m.) higher in the Cambrian section of the House Range, and the localities are 400 miles (644 km.) apart. The variety Jeda differs from the species in having more numerous, fine, thread-like striz and in the fact that the ventral valve is usually more obtuse in old shells. FORMATION AND LocaLity.—Upper Cambrian: 1,945 to 1,975 feet (592.8 to 601.9 m.) above the Middle Cambrian and 1,340 to 1,370 feet (408.4 to 417.6 m.) below the top of the Upper Cambrian, in the siliceous limestones of the Notch Peak formation [ Walcott, 1908a, p. 9], on the slopes of Notch Peak, 5 miles (8.05 km.) southwest of Marjum Pass, House Range, Millard County, Utah. OBOLUS WORTHENI, new species PLATE 7, FIGURE 17 General form subcircular, with the ventral valve very obtusely acu- minate and the dorsal valve slightly transverse, both valves slightly convex ; ventral valve with the beak at the posterior margin, which rises slightly from the general plane of the margin of the valve; the minute beak of the dorsal valve is at the posterior margin. 64 SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS VOL. 53 Surface marked by sharp, fine, concentric striz and fine imbri- cating lines of growth; on some shells low, irregular, more or less obscure and interrupted radiating ridges occur. Shell of medium thickness and built up of several layers or lamelle. The average diameter of the valves is 3 mm. The interior of the ventral valve shows a short, flat area divided midway by a narrow pedicle furrow; the visceral area, which is about one-third the length of the valve, is shown only in outline; the main vascular sinuses are strong and ‘situated about midway between the median line and the lateral margins of the valve; the surface outside the visceral area in both valves is marked by fine concentric furrows and large scattered puncte, much like those of Obolus (Westonia) escasoni (Matthew) [1901, p. 270]. The interior of the dorsal valve has a short area with a broad pedicle groove; strong, curved main vascular sinuses extend from beneath the area well toward the front of the valve; they are subparallel to the margin and are situated about one-third the distance from the margin to the median line of the valve; the visceral area is outlined in about one- half the length of the valve; a narrow deep sinus extends from each side of the anterior end and then curves outward to the front margin. OBSERVATIONS.—This shell was at first thought to be the young of Obolus tetonensis Walcott | 1g01, p. 684], but with the finding of a good series it was found to have a nearly circular ventral valve instead of subacuminate, as in O. tetonensis, and it is less convex in the same character of matrix. In form Obolus wortheni resembles Obolus discoideus (Hall and Whitfield) [1877, p. 205], but it differs in being more circular in outline and in having a thinner shell. FoRMATION AND LocaLrty.—Upper Cambrian: Limestone of the St. Charles formation [ Walcott, 1908a, p. 6] about 250 feet (76.2 m.)} above the Middle Cambrian, on the north side of Two Mile Canyon, near its mouth, 2 miles (3.22 km.) southeast of Malad, Oneida County, Idaho. FORDINIA, new subgenus of OBOLUS This subgenus of Obolus is proposed for species having a Lingu- lella-like outline and form with the development of a tendency to form a platform or thickening in the valves in connection with the attachment of the muscles in the ventral valve, and a thickening in the posterior portion of the dorsal valve back of the central muscle scars. The type of the subgenus, O. (F.) perfectus (see p. 65), has these characters well developed. Another species, O. (F.) bellu- lus (Walcott) [1905a, p. 323], has the cardinal area of the ventral ‘ valve more united with the visceral area than it is in O. (F.) per- CAMBRIAN BRACHIOPODA—WALCOTT 65 fectus and the raised area in the dorsal valve is much smaller. In O. (F.) gilberti (see below) the thickened areas are much smaller than in the other two species. These three species appear to be forms intermediate between Obolus and Elkania. Typr.—Obolus (Fordinia) perfectus, new species. OBOLUS (FORDINIA) GILBERTI, new species PLATE 7, FIGURES I5 AND 15a This shell was first thought to belong with Dicellomus politus (Hall) [1861, p. 24]. It differs from that species in the character of the interior of the dorsal valve and in the narrowing of the umbo as it merges into the apex. The nearest related species is Obolus (Fordinia) bellulus (Walcott) [1905a, p. 323]. It differs from the latter in being more convex and in the narrowing of the umbo toward the apex. The average size of the ventral valve is from 4 mm. to 5 mm. in length by 3 mm to 4 mm. in width. The dorsal valve is a little shorter than the ventral. The generic reference is based on the interior of the dorsal valve, which is similar to that of O. (F.) bellulus. FoRMATION AND LocaLity.—Middle Cambrian: About 3,000 fect (914.4 m.) above the top of the Lower Cambrian and 1,400 feet (526.7 m.) below the Upper Cambrian, in gray, more or less thin- bedded limestones of the Marjum formation [ Walcott, 1908a, p. 10], south side of Marjum Pass, in cliff southeast of divide, House Range, Millard County, Utah. OBOLUS (FORDINIA) PERFECTUS, new species PLATE 7, FIGURE 16 General form elongate oval-biconvex; beaks marginal. Surface marked by concentric lines and striz of growth that gather irregu- larly in small ridges on the anterior two-thirds of adult shells; very fine, obscure, radiating lines are preserved on some specimens of the outer surface. A shallow, narrow, median sinus occurs on each valve on which the striz arch slightly backward. Substance of shell apparently calcareo-corneous. The shell is strong and built up of numerous layers or lamellz that, except toward the beaks, are oblique to the outer layer. Ventral valve broad ovate, with a rather blunt subacuminate beak ; very young shells are broad oval in outline. Area short, and on the 66 SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS VOL. 53 plane of the edges of the valve; it is divided midway by a narrow pedicle furrow that interrupts the transverse striz of growth. Dorsal valve a little shorter and more rounded at the beak; area short and marked by transverse strize of growth; both valves mod- erately convex. The interior of the ventral valve shows what appears to be a short continuation of the cardinal area forward into the valve before the slope into. the visceral cavity; it is as though an area with lines of growth was added to the reversed area of the ventral valve of Elkania desiderata (Billings) [1862, p. 69]. The front margin of the area merges in Obolus (Fordinia) perfectus into the thicker shell back of the visceral cavity, much as in Obolus (F.) bellulus (Wal- cott) [1905a, p. 323]. The pedicle furrow extends forward from the posterior margin across the true area and its anterior extension to the visceral cavity. The visceral area is bordered by two ridges that diverge from the sides of the pedicle furrow and extend forward about one-third the length of the valve; these ridges widen toward the front, and where they terminate there appear to be two or three minute muscle scars corresponding to the outside and middle laterals and central scars of Obolus; outside of the ridge there is a furrow that was probably occupied by the main vascular canal, and, beyond, two narrow elongate spaces in which the transmedian and anterior lateral muscle scars appear to be situated; all the furrows head back against the thickened shell in front of the cardinal area; the surface of the interior of the valve is marked by concentric lines and very fine radiating striz. The dorsal valve has a short, strong median ridge in front of the cardinal area, and well toward the center of the valve a narrow, sharp median ridge; on each side of the latter, where it begins pos- teriorly, the small, oval, central muscle scar occurs, and, at its an- terior end, the two elongate, oval anterior-lateral scars that are larger than the centrals; on the thickened postero-lateral portions of the valve the transmedian and outside and middle lateral muscle scars occur close to the outer margin. ‘The surface of the visceral cavity is smooth, but in front of it the minute, irregular vascular markings are very ornate; a few radiating strie also occur. The two interiors described are unusually distinct; usually the various parts and scars are more or less obscure. OBSERVATIONS.—This species approaches Obolus (Fordinia) gil- berti (see p. 65) more nearly than any other species of the genus. It differs in the presence of the sinus in both valves; ‘in being less convex ; in its less pointed beak, and in its strongly marked interior. CAMBRIAN BRACHIOPODA—WALCOTT 67 It occurs over 1,000 feet (304.8 m.) higher up in the section of the Middle Cambrian limestones than O. (F.) gilberti. The interior of its ventral valve is somewhat like that of O. (F.) bellulus (Walcott) [1905, p. 323], but it differs from that and all species of Fordinia in having in both valves a cardinal area that has not been merged into the reversed area of the ventral valve as in the other species referred to Fordinia. FoRMATION AND LocaLitry.—Middle Cambrian: About 3,750 feet (1,143 m.) above the top of the Lower Cambrian and 650 feet (198.1 m.) below the Upper Cambrian, in the shaly limestones of the Weeks formation [ Walcott, 1908a, p. 10], north side of Weeks Canyon, 3.5 miles (5.63 km.) south of Marjum Pass, House Range, Millard County, Utah. Subgenus WESTONIA Walcott [1901, p. 683] OBOLUS (WESTONIA) DARTONI, new species PLATE 7, FIGURE 14 This species has the general form and convexity of Obolus (Wes- tonia) euglyphus (Walcott) [1898), p. 402], but it differs in the dorsal valve being narrower posteriorly. The surface of the two species differs very much, that of O. (W.) dartoni being of the O. (Westonia) ella (Hall and Whitfield) [1877, p. 232] type and not like that of O. (W.) euglyphus. From O. (W.) ella this species differs in being more elongate in outline and in having the surface more clearly marked by the crossing of the minute ridges; these ridges are slightly irregular and curve from near the umbo obliquely across the shell toward the lateral and front margins. The largest ventral valve has an indicated length of from 12 to 15 mm.; width, g mm. The specific name is given for Mr. N. H. Darton, of the U. S. Geological Survey, who collected the specimens. ForRMATION AND Locarity.—Middle Cambrian: Sandstones just above the granite, west of Garfield Peak, 50 miles (80.47 km.) west of Casper, Natrona County, Wyoming. OBOLUS (WESTONIA) ELLA ONAQUIENSIS, new variety This variety is represented by a number of more or less imperfect specimens that at first sight might be placed with Obolus (Westonia) ella (Hall and Whitfield) [1877, p. 232], but the character of the surface clearly distinguishes the two forms. In typical forms of O. (V.) ella the transverse striz are more regular, while in this variety FN 68 SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS VOL. 53 they are in the form of sharp, finely zigzag, transverse striz much like the shells from the Big Horn Mountains of Wyoming. This surface is formed by the interruption of very fine, sharp ridges that curve from the umbo outward toward the sides and front of the shell like engine-turning strize on a watch-case. FoRMATION AND Locarity.—Middle Cambrian: Shales about 400 feet (122 m.) above the quartzitic sandstones, from high peak south- west of Lookout Pass, Onaqui Range, west of Vernon, Tooele County, Utah. OBOLUS (WESTONIA) ELONGATUS, new species PLATE 7, FIGURE 12 General form elongate oval, with the ventral valve acuminate and the dorsal valve elongate oval. Convexity unknown, as the shells are all flattened by compression. The outer surface is marked by fine concentric lines of growth crossed by a series of finely denticulated, imbricating lines that start on each cardinal slope and extend obliquely forward across the median line, and then curve out toward the sides of the shell; minute rhomboidal spaces are formed over the posterior and central portions of the shell by the crossing of the oblique lines; the denticulated margin faces forward and is seen only on the thin epidermal layer, while the general system of oblique lines shows on both the outer layer and the next inner layer of the shell. The shell is built up of several thin layers or lamellae. The largest specimen of the ventral valve has a length of 9 mm.; width, 5 mm.; a dorsal valve 6 mm. long has a width of 4 mm. Nothing is known of the interior of these valves. This is a more elongate species than O. (W.) bottnica (Wiman) [1902, p. 51] and O. (W.) finlandensis (Walcott) [1902, p. 611]. The oblique surface lines have the same general direction as those of the latter species, but they are finely denticulated on their front margin and cross at the center at a greater angle. ForMATION AND LocaLity.—Middle Ordovician: Gray, siliceous shales just below a band of quartzitic sandstones, probably corre- sponding in position to the upper part of the Simpson formation of the Oklahoma section ; Wasatch Canyon, 5 miles (8.05 km.) north of Brigham, Box Elder County, Utah. CAMBRIAN BRACHIOPODA—WALCOTT 69 OBOLUS (WESTONIA) NOTCHENSIS, new species PLATE 7, FIGURE I3 This species is represented by two specimens of the ventral valve that have the general outline of Lingulella ampla (Owen) [1852, p. 583]. The exterior surface is marked by concentric lines of growth and transverse, irregular, imbricating lines much Jike those of O. (W.) stoneanus (Whitfield) [1882, p. 344] and O. (W.) iphis Walcott [1g05a, p. 336]. The form of the valve differs from that of the latter species. The largest specimen has a length of 11 mm., with a maximum width of 9 mm. ForMATION AND LocaLity.—Lower Ordovician: ‘Thin-bedded, bluish-gray limestone; at the summit of Notch Peak, House Range, Millard County, Utah. OBOLUS (WESTONIA) WASATCHENSIS, new species PLATE 8, FIGURES I AND Ia This species is founded on some large shells that differ from Obolus (Westonia) ella (Hall and Whitfield) [1877, p. 232] in attaining a larger size and greater proportional width and in having the surface marked by radiating lines that extend from the umbo with a gentle curvature toward the sides and front of the shell, so as to terminate at right angles to the margin, very much as in O. (W.) finlandensis Walcott [1902, p. 611]. In the Blacksmith Fork section of the Middle Cambrian terrane, in the Wasatch Mountains of northern Utah, O. (W.) wasatchensis occurs 1,590 feet (484.6 m.) higher in the section than O. (W.) ella. FoRMATION AND LocaLiry.—Middle Cambrian: (1) Shales about g50 feet (289.6 m.) above the Cambrian quartzitic beds, 2 miles (3.22 km.) southeast of Muskrat Spring, on the northwest face of Grantsville Peak, Stansbury Range, Tooele County; (2) about 1,700 feet (518.2 m.) above the Cambrian quartzitic beds; (3) about 2,300 feet (701 m.) above the Cambrian quartzitic beds; and (4) a drift block supposed to have come from the horizon of (2); all three in Wasatch Canyon, east of Lakeview Ranch, 5 miles (8.05 km.) north of Brigham, Box Elder County; (5) about 1,500 feet (457.2 m.) above the Cambrian quartzitic beds, one mile (1.61 km.) northwest of Geneva (Copenhagen), east of Brigham, Box Elder County; (6) about 3,150 feet (960.1 m.) above the top of the Cam- 70 SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS VOL. 53 brian quartzitic sandstones and 1,050 feet (320 m.) below the Upper Cambrian in thin-bedded limestones of the Bloomington formation [ Walcott, 1908a, p. 7]; and (7) about 2,100 feet (640.1 m.) above the top of the Cambrian quartzitic sandstones and 2,090 feet (637 m.) below the Upper Cambrian in the shales of the Bloomington forma- tion; both about 8 miles (12.87 km.) above the mouth of Blacksmith Fork, and 15 miles (24.14 km.) east of Hyrum, Cache County; all in Utah.” (8) About 2,000 feet (609.6 m.) above the Cambrian quartzitic beds and 1,200 feet (365.8 m.) below the Upper Cambrian, in the shales of the Bloomington formation, on the south side of Two Mile Canyon near its mouth, 2 miles (3.22 km.) southeast of Malad, Oneida County, Idaho. MICKWITZELLA, new subgenus of OBOLUS Obolus (Thysanotos) Micxwitz, 1896, Mem. Acad. Imp. Sci., St. Péters- bourg, 8th ser., IV, No. 2, pp. 194-195. (Characterized in German as a new subgenus; see below for translation.) Obolus (Thysanotus) Mickwitz, Watcort, 1901, Proc. U. S. National Museum, XXIII, p. 683. (Characterized.) Not Thysanota Axv., 1860. OrrcinaAL Drescrrprion By MicKwitz.—The subgenus Thysa- notos, containing a single species, O. siluricus Eichwald, differs from the Cambrian subgenera Euobolus and Schmidtia mainly by the fringed anterior border of the growth lamellz of its valves and by the concentric striation arranged parallel to the posterior edge of these lamelle—two features that point to a peculiar organization of the edge of the mantle. ‘The last-mentioned peculiarity appears also in the subgenus Acritis.” TypPé.—Obolus siluricus Eichwald [1843, p. 7]. Genus LINGULELLA Salter [1866), p. 333] LINGULELLA BUTTSI, new species PLATE 8, FIGURE 6 General form elongate ovate, with the ventral valve bluntly acu- minate and the dorsal valve a little more rounded on the posterior margin; both valves rather strongly convex. ‘The greatest convexity of the dorsal valve is at the umbo, and of the ventral valve along the central section. A ventral valve 12 mm. in length has a convexity of 2 mm., and a dorsal valve 8 mm. long arches 1.75 mm. above the plane of the margin. A narrow, median, slightly flattened, almost concave space, that extends from the apex to the front margin, occurs on the dorsal valve. The exterior surface of the shell is dull CAMBRIAN BRACHIOPODA—-WALCOTT 7k dark bluish-gray and the inner layers shiny bluish-black. The outer surface is marked by concentric striz, and lines of growth with a few indistinct radiating strize; the strize on the dorsal valve bend slightly backward where they cross the median, flattened space. The inner layers have many concentric strize; also numerous fine radi- ating strie. The shell is built up of several layers or lamellz, so as to be strong in the umbonal region and thin toward the edges. The largest ventral valve in the collection has a length of 12 mm. and a maximum width of 9.5 mm. at the anterior third of its length; a dorsal valve 10 mm. long has a width of 7 mm. -A partially exfoliated ventral valve indicates the presence, on each side of the visceral area, of a strong ridge somewhat similar to that in Lingulella acutangula (Roemer) [1849, p. 20]. OssERVATIONS.—This fine shell has the general outline of the group of small shells of which Lingulella ferruginea Salter [Salter and Hicks, 1867, p. 340] is typical. It differs from them in its large size and strong shell. All of the larger species of Lingulella are either more acuminate or broader in outline. The material was collected by Mr. Charles Butts, of the United States Geological Survey, and I take pleasure in naming the species after him. ForMATION AND LocaLity.—Upper Cambrian: (1) Limestones in cut on Louisville and Nashville Railroad, near Woodstock; and (2) limestones near Kimbrel; both in Bibb County, Alabama. LINGULELLA TEXANA, new species PLATE 8, FIGURE 5 This is a small but distinctly marked species, represented by two dorsal valves occurring in the Middle Cambrian limestones of central Texas. ‘The dorsal valves are oval and quite strongly convex. The shell appears to have been rather thick, and the outer surface is marked by strong, radiating strie, which are characteristic of the species. The striz are crossed by fine, concentric striz and lines of growth. The position of the muscle scars and the size and char- acter of the area are shown by fig. 5. ForMATION AND LocaLity.—Middle Cambrian: (1) Limestone near Honey Creek; and (2) limestone near Morgan Creek; both in Burnet County, Texas. (3) Sandstones of Potosi formation, on Flat River, Missouri. 72 SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS VOL. 53 Subgenus LINGULEPIS Hall [1863, p. 120] LINGULELLA (LINGULEPIS) ACUMINATA SEQUENS, new variety PLATE 8, FIGURE 4 Glossina acuminata Haut and CiarKe [not Conrad], 1892, Eleventh Ann. Rept. State Geologist New York for 1891, pl. 1, figs. 10, 11. (No text reference. ) Lingula (Glossina) acuminata Hatt and CrarkEe [not (Conrad)], 1892, Nat. Hist. New York, Paleontology, VIII, Pt. 1, pl. 1, figs. 1, 2. (No text reference. Figures 1 and 2 are copied from pl. 1, figs. Io and 11, of the preceding reference. ) This variety differs from Lingulella (Lingulepis) acuminata (Con- rad) [ 1839, p.64] in being somewhat less attenuate in its ventral valve and in having the cardinal slope of the ventral valve straight instead of gently incurved. It occurs at a slightly higher geologic horizon © than 1. (L.) acuminata and appears to be a form derived from that species. Judging from Messrs. Hall and Clarke’s illustrations [1892a, pl. 1, figs. 10 and 11], they had representatives of this variety of L. (L.) acuminata and mistook them for the form illustrated by Hall [1847, p.9] as Lingula acuminata. ‘That figure represents a typical form of L. (L.) acuminata and is not the variety illustrated by Hall and Clarke in 1892. The specimens illustrated by Messrs. Hall and Clarke are given as from the Calciferous sandstone in Saratoga County, New York. The specimen which I have taken as the type of this variety is from Division A of the Beekmantown formation. ForRMATION AND LocaLity.—Ordovician: Beekmantown forma- tion, Division A; quarry near the northwest suburb of Ticonderoga, Essex County, New York. NEOBOLUS Waagen [188s, p. 756] Neobolus WAAGEN, 1885, Mem. Geol. Survey India, Paleontologia Indica, 13th ser., Salt Range Fossils, I, Pt. 4, fas. 5, pp. 756-758. (Described and discussed as a new genus.) Davidsonella WAAGEN, 1885, idem, pp. 762-764. (Described and discussed as a new genus. ) Not Davidsonella MUNIER-CHALMAR, I880. Lakhmina OE€HLERT, 1887, Manuel de Conchyliologie, by Fischer, p. 1265. (Described in French.) Lakhmina Oehlert, WAAGEN, 1891, Mem. Geol. Survey India, Paleontologia Indica, 13th ser., Salt Range Fossils, IV, Pt. 2; description of plate 11, figs. 3-4. (No text reference.) CAMBRIAN BRACHIOPODA—WALCOTT 73 Lakhmina Oehlert, Hatt and CrarKer, 1892, Eleventh Ann. Rept. State. Geologist New York for 1891, pp. 234-235. (Described.) Neobolus Waagen, Hatt, and CLarkE, 1892, idem, p. 245. (Described.) Lakhmina Oehlert, Hat, and Crarke, 1892, Nat. Hist. New York;, Paleontology, VIII, Pt. 1, pp. 28-30. (Described and discussed.) Neobolus Waagen, Hatt and CrarKke, 1892, idem, p. 84. (Described and discussed. ) \ General outline of shells broad oval to subcircular; nearly equi- valve, moderately convex. Shell substance calcareo-corneous and probably phosphatic, structure laminated. Surface with concentric striation. Shell strong for its size and built up on its anterior and lateral margins of several thin layers or lamella. Apex of ventral valve small and slightly projecting over a low false area that appears to have an open delthyrium. Apex of dorsal valve marginal. The interior of the ventral valve has a strong rounded central ridge extending from the narrow area about one-third the length of the shell, and a strong ridge on each side that extends from the same point of origin as the central ridge obliquely forward nearly to the frontal margin of the shell.t. Between the central ridge and the posterior portions of the lateral ridges there are slightly concave shelves forming with the central ridge a triangular platform, with an open space beneath the concave shelves; numerous radiating striz occur on the concave shelves and the inner surface of the shell. Of the muscular impressions in the ventral valve, Dr. Waagen wrote [1885, p. 762] that “nothing can be observed.” Considered from the point of view of the Trimerellide, this may appear to be correct; but if we compare the muscle scars of Obolus with what appear to me to be points of attachment of muscles, there is no diffi- culty in recognizing a few scars. Just beneath the outer extension of the narrow area of the ventral valve there is a minute, clearly defined elongate oval space that corresponds to the divided umbonal muscle scar in Obolus apollinis Eichwald [1829, p. 274]. Near the outer margin, on a line with the anterior portion of the central ridge, there is a narrow elongate space which, under a strong reflected light, is seen to be divided diagonally by a slight, narrow, raised line. Compared with Obolus, this space is the point of attachment of the transmedian and anterior lateral muscle scars. It is probable that the outside and middle lateral muscle scars and the centrals were attached to the platform, but there are no defined muscle scars upon it. *TI do not find any indication of the incurving of these ridges as described and illustrated by Dr. Waagen [1885, p. 762, pl. Lxxxv, fig. 6]. 74 SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS VOL. 53 The interior of the dorsal valve has several very unusual char- acters. There is no true cardinal area, unless the thick margin of the shell be considered as such. From the center of the cardinal margin a strong flat process, marked by concentric lines of growth, projects forward into the valve and rises a little above the plane of the margin of the valve. Dr. Waagen [1885, p. 763] calls attention to the resemblance between this process and the tooth of Trimerella dindstr6mi. From beneath the median process a short thick plat- form projects upward and forward into the valve; it is as wide as the process at its base, expanding toward.its front margin. It is concave between its lateral crests, and the outer slopes are slightly ‘concave from the crest to the body of the shell. In front the concave space and crests terminate rather abruptly above the front face, which in turn is underlain by a transversely hollow space of unknown extension beneath the platform. ‘Toward each end of the frontal area a minute depression appears to indicate the point of attachment of a muscle. A narrow, rounded median septum extends from beneath the platform well toward the front of the shell. Two more or less interrupted and obscure ridges, indicating the main vascular trunks, extend from the front antero-lateral angles at the base of and at the side of the platform obliquely outward into the valve. The elongate smooth spaces outlined by Dr. Waagen [1885, pl. LXxxv, fig. 6] in his illustrations of this valve are too indefinite to be given form in the drawing of the only specimen showing the interior. What appears to be a small muscle scar occurs at the cardinal angle; it corresponds in position to the transmedian scar of Obolus. Typr.—Neobolus warthi Waagen. OpsERVATIONS.—Through the courtesy of Dr. T. H. Holland, Director of the Geological Survey of India, I received the type speci- mens of Neobolus, Davidsonella, and Lakhmina, studied, described, and illustrated by Dr. Waagen. With these before me, I find that the elaborate figures of Waagen [1885, pl. LXxxxv] are diagrammatic to a considerable extent; also that I cannot clearly recognize some of the characters noted by Dr. Waagen. Dr. Waagen’s original description [1885, p. 762] of the genus “Davidsonella’ is very full and he also gives a detailed description of the type species “D. linguloides.” Dr, Gehlert [1887, p. 1265] evi- dently based his description of “Lakhmina” on Waagen’s description and illustrations, apparently not noting that Waagen stated in his text [1885, p. 762] that the elongate areas on the sides of the inte- rior of the shell were not muscle scars, but that he considered them CAMBRIAN BRACHIOPODA—WALCOTT 75 as smooth areas outside the crescent. Dr. Cthlert [1887, p. 1265] says also that Lakhmuina has “a straight and projecting beak per- forated for the passage of the foramen,” and reproduces Dr. Waagen’s figures showing a deep pedicle furrow. Only one shell shows the apex of the ventral valve and the small false area beneath, and one other of the interior shows the true area and a triangular depressed spot at the center. A fracture at the center has broken out a bit of the shell, which gives rise to the narrow, deep furrow described by Waagen. ‘The ventral valve has a false area beneath the apex; a true area on a plane with the margins of the valve. When looking over the types of Neobolus and Lakhmina for the purpose of having illustrations made of them, I noted that there was a strong resemblance between the shells of the two genera; but, having the impression that the ventral valve of Lakhmina had a pedicle opening at the apex, drawings were arranged on the plates under the conception that Lakhmina belonged with the Neotremata. Dr. Charles Schuchert noted the same resemblance when looking over the plates of this monograph and called my attention to it. I then made a careful study of all of the specimens, and by the use of acid developed several interiors of dorsal valves. I found that the supposed perforation of the apex of the ventral valve of Lakh- mina was the result of the breaking out of the minute apex; that the dorsal valve of Neobolus warthi was the same as the dorsal valve of Lakhmina linguloides, and that two genera and four species had been based on specimens of Neobolus warthi. The external characters of all of the shells referred to Neobolus and Lakhmina are the same. Only one specimen of the interior of the ventral valve that shows anything of the platform beneath the visceral area occurs in the collections; this was referred to Lakhmina by Waagen, but the accompanying dorsal valves were first described as Neobolus. By comparing the illustrations of Waagen [1891, pl. 1], the student will notice that figure 8c of the interior of the dorsal valve of Neobolus is essentially the same as the interior of the dorsal valve of Lakhruna, figure 4c, with the exception of the thickened platform. It may seem as though it were forcing unlike forms into one species to place all these specimens together, but with our present information it appears to be necessary to do so. All authors have classified the shells described as Lakhmina with Trimerella linguloides, and Hall and Clarke [18920, p. 29] state that in the present condition of knowledge it must be regarded as the earliest representative of the Trimerelloid brachiopods. The ex- 70 SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS VOL. 53 ternal form is similar to that of Obolus and the interior characters might readily have been developed from that genus. Genus DICELLOMUS Hall [1873, p. 246] DICELLOMUS PARVUS, new species PLATE 8, FIGURES 2 AND 2a General form ovate, with the ventral valve subacuminate and dorsal valve broad oval to subcircular. Valves moderately convex. Surface of outer shell dark and polished; it is marked, when not abraded, by fine, clearly defined, concentric strize and occasional lines of growth. The largest ventral valve has a length of 2.5 mm. and a width of 2mm. The shell is strong but not thick. Shell substance apparently calcareo-corneous. Ventral valve uniformly convex, except that the slopes toward the cardinal margins are more abrupt than elsewhere; apex appears to be marginal. The interior of the valve shows a short, low median ridge in the center of the visceral cavity; on each side and a little in front of the end of the median ridge are the trapezoidal areas for the attachment of muscle scars; rather small, composite cardinal muscle scars occur close to the cardinal margins. Dorsal valve somewhat less convex than the ventral; apex mar- ginal. The interior of the valve shows well-defined composite car- dinal muscle scars, a narrow median septum, and a faintly impressed main vascular sinus that curves outward and forward at about one- third the distance from the outer margin to the median septum; the central muscle scars are small and situated back of the center of the valve on each side of a low median swelling on which the median septum occurs; the position of the anterior lateral muscle scars is indicated at the end of the median septum a little in advance of the center of the valve. OBSERVATIONS.—This minute shell has the generic characters of Dicellomus politus (Hall) [1861, p. 24], but it differs specifically in its minute size and in the position of the muscle scars in the dorsal valve. FoRMATION AND LocaLity.—Middle Cambrian: (1) Ch’ang-hia limestone, 2.5 miles (4.02 km.) southwest of Yen-chuang, Sin-t'ai District, Shantung, China; and (2) from a fine-grained bluish-black limestone river drift block one mile (1.61 km.) south of Ch’dng-ping- hien, on the Nan-kiang River, southern Shensi, China. CAMBRIAN BRACHIOPODA—WALCOTT Wik DICELLOMUS PROLIFICUS, new species PLATE 8, FIGURES 3 AND 3a This species differs from Dicellomus politus (Hall) [1861, p. 24], to which it appears to be most nearly related, by the greater con- vexity of the ventral valve, its higher umbo, and, in most shells, a greater narrowing toward the apex. The dorsal valve differs from that of D. politus in being more rounded on the cardinal margins. It is also to be noted that no traces of muscle scars or vascular mark- ings have been observed on many interiors and casts of the interior of the valves, while in D. politus they are prominent on most casts and often on the interior of the valves. ‘The range of outline of the valves of D. politus might include those of D. prolificus, but the con- vexity of the ventral valve and the smooth interior seem to dis- tinguish the latter species. Great numbers of the separated valves occur in several thin layers of gray limestone near the summit of the cliffs on the south side of Marjum Pass. ForMATION AND LocaLity.—Middle Cambrian: 2,900 feet (883.9 m.) above the top of the Lower Cambrian and 1,500 feet (457.2 m.) below the Upper Cambrian, in gray, thin-bedded limestone of the Marjum formation [Walcott, 1g08a, p. 10], south side of Marjum Pass, in cliff southeast of the divide, House Range, Millard County, Utah. Genus BOTSFORDIA Matthew [1801, p. 148] BOTSFORDIA ? BARRANDEI, new species Brachiopode, nouy. gen., DE VERNEUIL and BarRANDE, 1860, Bull. Soc. Geol. France, 2d ser., XVII, pp. 536-537, pl. vim, figs. 5, 5a-e. (De- scribed and discussed in French as a new genus.) Acrothele Pomprcky [not Linnarsson], 1895, Jahrb. kais.-kénig. geol. Reichsanstalt, Bd. XLV, Heft 3, p. 603. (Discussed in German; see below for translation.) Of this species Dr. Pompeckj [1896, p. 603] writes: “From Barrande’s description and figure, it is not quite easy to interpret this species. I have before me several specimens of a brachiopod from Coulouma, in the Department of Herault, which Miquel [1893, p. 4] mentioned as ‘la Discina’ I regard this form from southern France as belonging to the genus Acrothele, and be- lieve that it is probably identical with the species mentioned by de Verneuil, Barrande, and Barrois as occurring in Spain.” With the specimens collected by M. Miquel before me, and which I have named Acrothele bergeroni (see p. 83), I do not think we 78 SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS VOL. 53 can consider them to be the same as the form described by de Ver- neuil and Barrande [1860, p. 536]. From M. Barrande’s description and illustration, the following note is written: The shell is about as wide as long, suboval, with pointed beaks; valves moderately convex, with the ventral a little more so than the dorsal. There is a small area on each valve, but no trace of a triangular false deltidium. Beak of ventral valve with a minute pedicle opening. Surface with fine, distinct, concentric strie. Substance of shell calcareous. A shell 13 mm. in length has the same width, and the thickness of the two valves united is 5 mm. M. Barrande thought that a new genus was indicated, but in the absence of interior characters decided not to name the genus or species. The perforate ventral valve and area suggested Siphono- treta to him, but the calcareous shell was opposed to it. - I have provisionally referred the shell to the genus Botsfordia and have named it after M. Barrande, whose memory all paleon- tologists take pleasure in recalling. The reference to Botsfordia is made on account of (a) the sub- acuminate ventral valve with minute pedicle opening above a listrium unmarked by a false deltidium ; (b) convex ventral and dorsal valve ; (c) the tendency of Botsfordia pulchra (Matthew) [1889, p. 306] to have the substance of its rather thick shell replaced by calcareous matter. I have attempted to secure specimens of this shell, but unsuccess- fully. Until further information can be secured, the present refer- ence will serve to indicate the probable relationship of the species. ForRMATION AND LocaLitry.—Middle Cambrian: Red limestone which passes north of Adrados and Bonar, near Sabero, Cantabrique Range, Province of Leon, Spain. DEARBORNIA, new genus This genus is based on one species, which is well represented by fourteen specimens. ‘The generic description is incorporated with the description of the type species. Typr.—Dearbornia clarki, new species. DEARBORNIA CLARKI, new species PLATE 8, FIGURE 7 Shell subequivalve, subcircular in outline, slightly convex. Ven- tral valve most elevated at the pedicle aperture, which is circular, rather large, and situated from one-fifth to one-sixth the length of CAMBRIAN BRACHIOPODA—WALCOTT 79 the valve from the posterior margin; the slope back of the foramen is gently rounded and without a trace of false area or pedicle groove ; the position of the beak is not clearly defined, as the margin is rounded and the uniform slope of the outer surface is unbroken. Dorsal valve uniformly and slightly convex; the position of the beak is indicated by a slight projection of the outline of the valve. Surface marked by fine concentric lines. The substance of the shell is calcareous in an odlitic limestone in which semiphosphatic shells of Obolus are preserved. ‘The shell is thick and apparently formed of one layer, but this is probably, as in the case of the shells of Obolella crassa (Hall) [1847, p. 290], a condition of preserva- tion, the original layers or lamelle having been replaced or else cemented together. The average size of the valves is from 3 to 5 mm. The interior of the ventral valve does not show a true area; there is a space between the margin and the end of the median furrow into which the foramen opens. ‘The median furrow is rather broad and deepest at the foramen; it extends forward beyond the center of the valve; the furrow into which the foramen opens is broadest at the posterior end and running out to a point a little in advance of the opening; from each side of the furrow and opposite the opening a furrow extends obliquely outward and then forward subparallel to the median furrow. ‘Two large, oval muscle scars occur in the space between the outer furrow and the postero-lateral margin of the shell; these scars correspond in position to the transmedian and anterior lateral muscle scars of Obolus and Trematobolus. Nothing is clearly shown of the position of the main vascular canals unless the grooves outside of the median depression indicate their position, or it may be that they were on the narrow ridges outside of the side furrows and inside of the lateral muscle scars. The interior of the dorsal valve shows a rudimentary area much like that of Rustella edsont Walcott [1905a, p. 311]; the area is a smooth space with a slightly defined central depression, from which a narrow, low median septum extends forward to about the center of the valve; a narrow ridge extends forward from the posterior central depression on each side at about the inner third of the dis- tance between the median septum and the outer margin; these ridges probably marked the position of the main vascular sinuses. The central muscle scars occur in the shallow depression on each side of the median septum a little back of the transverse center of the valve, and the transmedian scars and outside laterals are just outside of the narrow ridges on each side of the valve; these scars, like those in the ventral valve, are large for so small a shell. 8o SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS VOL. 53 OBSERVATIONS.—Dearbornia clarki is one of the simple or rudi- mentary forms of the Siphonotretide. It differs from Siphonotreta in the absence of an area and a siphonal or pedicle tube, in having the pedicle opening on the umbo in advance of the beak, and in its calcareous shell. The circular pedicle aperture without an exterior furrow, the absence of a well-defined area on the ventral valve, and its calcareous shell distinguish it from Trematobolus and Schizam- bon. ‘The form and position of the pedicle opening suggest Discin- opsis, but the interiors of the valves are very dissimilar in the two genera. It may be that with the discovery of good exteriors of the ventral valve of Trematobolus excelsis Walcott (see below) that species will be found to have a circular pedicle opening of the same character as that of Dearbormia clarki, but from the similarity of the cast of the interior of the ventral valve of the former species to that of Trematobolus kempanum (Matthew) [1897, p. 70] it is referred to Trematobolus. The generic name is taken from Mount Dearborn, which was named after Gen. Henry Dearborn, and the specific name is given in recognition of Dr. William B. Clark’s work on the paleontology of Maryland. ForRMATION AND LocaLirry.—Middle Cambrian: Lower portion of the Yogo limestone, in the canyon of the north fork of the Dearborn River, in the eastern part of the Lewis and Clark Forest Reserve, Montana. Genus TREMATOBOLUS Matthew [1803, p. 276] TREMATOBOLUS EXCELSIS, new species PLATE 8, FicurE 8 Shell transversely oval in outline, with both valves obtusely acumi- nate. Ventral valve strongly convex, with the minute beak at the posterior margin above a low area; the slope from the highest point of the valve, a little back of the center, is greatest toward the beak and nearly uniform to the front and sides of the valve. Pedicle opening unknown, as no exterior or cast of the exterior of the valve occurs in the material collected; two casts of the interior show the cast of the foramen at about the same position as in Trematobolus insigius Matthew [1893, p. 276] and other species of the genus. Dorsal valve slightly more transverse than the ventral and about two- thirds as convex; a very slight median flattening occurs at the ante- rior margin that extends back on the valve—nearly to the beak in some specimens; otherwise the convexity is distributed as in the ventral valve. CAMBRIAN BRACHIOPODA—WALCOTT SI Surface marked by a few concentric lines of growth. The shell is rather thin except over the umbonal and posterior portions of the ventral valve, where it is moderately thick. Its substance is now cal- careous and appears like that of 7. insignis; the original shell may have been calcareo-corneous. q = > | q b> |ai gia rs] a of -_ vu a vu _ asf _ 4 -_ vu = h oc h uh u a e (SG) is H D Oo | Fairview "pe we Teh rics Ch act EY SINC, 207 rr . Me- Feet ters 150 GT Ogygopsis shale (lentile) 315 06 Shaly limestone 325 99 Alternating shales and limestone 1595 | 486 Arenaceous limestone 294 68 Thin bedded limestone = 31 9 Sandstone 115 35 Shale 20 6 Limestone n : 2705 | 824 Quartzitic sandstone 32, Siliceous shale 600 183 Quartzitic sandstone Fic. 9.—Mt. Bosworth Section (continued) Notr.—The thickness of the St. Piran, Lake Louise, and Fairview formations is taken from the Lake Louise section. ‘ 208 SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS VOL. 53 BOSWORTH FORMATION (continued) : I (continued) : This formation forms the base of the high cliffs on the south- east face of Mount Daly and Paget Peak. The lower portion of I was measured and the upper parts esti- mated. The thickness given is probably too feet 01 more less than the actual thickness, 2a. Shaly and thin-bedded, gray and dove-colored, compact fine- grained dolomitic limestone weathering buff and light gray. Thicker layers occur in bands from 1 to 6 feet thick........ 2b. Greenish siliceous shale with thin interbedded layers of sili- GeOus si compact ray nlimestones ance ser me erase ee eeneone Fauna: At about this horizon in the Castle Mountain section 20 miles southeast of Mount Bosworth small trilobite heads of the genera Ptychoparia and Solenopleura occur in a band of gray and bluish black limestone, ana just below fragments of a species of Obolus. 2e. WAmMmestones similat to22a yanimotice sera oe ce ae aoe TO tal Of 2h eee ec ey eral Se ee ee 3. Variable arenaceous shales with alternating bands of color— greenish, deep red, buff, yellow, and gray. Numerous mud cracks and ripple-marks occur on many of ie, flan Siren er h cis, Oh ns otter gene is ote iecare ena EYE atlas ie neTare eee Feet 422 48 517 987 Total of ._ Bosworth formation: 2.462+..0 sss ce de cee 1,855 ‘otal (Upper Cambriatices esc fu evo he eaeiaten eerie 3,590 Nore.—The 1,855 feet of strata included in 1, 2, and 3 remind me, in lithologic character and appearance, of strata of the upper portions of the Cambrian Belt Terrane of Montana. No traces of life were observed and the shaly, banded character of the beds is very striking. MIDDLE CAMBRIAN ELDON FORMATION [Walcott, 1908a, p.3]: 1a. Irregularly bedded, gray, siliceous and arenaceous limestone in thick layers above and thin layers below; at 192 feet from the base a bed of bluish black limestone is fossiliferous. Above the fossiliferous bed the strata become more massive, arenaceous, steel gray in color, weathering to a light gray... Fauna (192 feet above the base) : Agnostus, sp. Ptychoparia, 2 species. Bathyuriscus-like pygidium. 1b. Light and dark gray, thin-bedded, arenaceous limestone, weath- ening to.a-light-sray colon. ..(7ci pass 2s bs ea eee ee peten ante 1c. Massive bedded, siliceous, fine-grained, compact, dark bluish gray ‘limestones. oses asks set crake trate cL ie ay I rer eRe rleTeIEES 410 " Lot POT RAE oe SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS VOL. 53, PL. 20 Fig. 1. NORTH RIDGE OF CASTLE MOUNTAIN ; Showing the Eldon formation in the cliffs above the lake and the Bosworth formation in the snow-covered points above the cliff line. Fig. 2. PROFILE OF SOUTHEAST FRONT OF CASTLE MOUNTAIN, OPPOSITE ELDON The upper cliff is formed of the siliceous limestone of the Eldon formation; the ter- race with snow on it the Stephen formation, and the lower cliff and slope the Cathedral formation. ‘These formations are finely exposed on Mount Bosworth, but not so as to get good photographs of them. CAMBRIAN CORDILLERAN SECTIONS—WALCOTT ELDON FORMATION (continued): Ic (continued) : Two yellowish buff weathering bands of limestone 2 to 3 feet thick stand out in color on the face of cliffs. Fauna (near the summit) : Billingsella ? Neolenus-like pygidium. 1d. Massive bedded limestone much like that of Ic............... USE) GU te 5 RORY 2 Ee Mae nae Mee WERnS Me RA SS oar EA 2. Thin-bedded, bluish gray limestone with irregular layers and stringers of gray, buff weathering, dolomitic limestone...... At 24 feet from the base a shaly, bluish gray, siliceous lime- stone about two feet thick is interbedded. Fauna (in shaly limestone) : Obolus membranaceous Walcott [1908d, p. 61]. Lingulella sp. Isoxys argentea (Walcott) [1886, p. 146]. Ptychoparia, 2 species. Massive bedded dark gray arenaceous limestone.............. 4. Massive bedded, cliff-forming, light gray arenaceous lime- stone. At several horizons bands of thinner layers from a few feet up to 30 feet in thickness occur. One of these 480 feet from the base forms a slight terrace............-.....- ae Fauna: In the Mount Stephen section seven miles southwest of Mount Bosworth, at a horizon about 700 feet above the base of this limestone, the following fossils have been recognized : Protospongia (spicules). Lingulella cf. isse (Walcott) [1905, p. 330]. Hyolithes sp. Agnostus cf. montis Matthew [1899, p. 43]. Zacanthoides spinosus Walcott [1884, p. 63]. Ptychoparia sp. Bathyuriscus sp. Ogygopsis sp. MAL GEE NOCD, PORMIAUON - hoo8 a ats once «ceo s oe ote wes STEPHEN FORMATION [Walcott, 1908a, p.3]: 1. Thin-bedded, dark gray and bluish black limestone Fauna: Micromitra (Paterina) stissingensis (Dwight) [188o, p. 145]. Obolus mcconnelli (Walcott) [1889, p. 441]. 209 Feet 71 788 95 190 1,655 2,728 315 210 SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS VOL. 53 STEPHEN FORMATION (continued): I (continued) : Nisusia alberta (Walcott) [1889, p. 442], var. Hyolithes carinatus Matthew [1899, p. 42]. Agnostus sp. Agraulos sp. Menocephalus sp. Ptychoparia, 3 species. Neolenus sp. Bathyuriscus sp. At Mount Stephen, about seven miles southwest of Mount Bosworth, a siliceous shale occurs at the summit of the Stephen formation in which an unusually rich fauna occurs. ‘This shale is not well developed on Mount Bosworth. Ocycorsis SHALE.—This term is applied to the local development of arena- ceous and calcareous shale at the summit of the Stephen formation on the northwest slope of Mount Stephen. The shale band (lentile) has a maximum thickness of about 150 feet. It thins out to the northeast and is faulted out to the southwest. At its maximum thickness, 2,800 feet above Field, it carries immense numbers of trilobites, especially Ogygopsis klotzi (Rominger), Bathyuriscus rotundatus (Rominger), Neolenus serratus (Rominger), Zacan- thoides spinosus (Walcott), and, in addition, sponges, cystids, brachiopods, pteropods, and gasteropods. The shale is less rich in fossils one-fourth of a mile northeast on the strike; also to the northwest. Lentiles of gray quartzitic sandstone and siliceous, gray limestone occur in the shale, and the entire shale band appears to be a lentile between the thin-bedded blue limestones and the superjacent massive, arenaceous limestone formation. ‘There is no trace of the Ogygopsis shale on Mount Bosworth 6 miles northeast, at the same horizon, or at Castle Mountain, 20 miles east-southeast. There is a sharp anticline, with a northeast-southwest axis, in the shale and the thin-bedded limestones beneath, on the northwest slope of Mount Stephen. The southeast limb is crushed and the beds are largely faulted out against the massive arenaceous limestone before reaching the amphitheater at the head of Field Brook. On the northwest limb the shales are unaltered and slope down the side of the mountain for 1,800 feet, thus affording a great exposure of the shale and contained fossils. Fauna: 1. Hyolithellus flagellum (Matthew) [1899, p. 40]. 2. Hyolithellus annulatus (Matthew) [1899, p. 42]. 3. Orthotheca corrugata Matthew [1899, p. 42]. 4. Orthotheca major Walcott [1908c, p. 246, pl. I, fig. 11]. 5. Hyolithes, sp. 6. Hyolithes carinatus Matthew [1899, p. 42]. 7. Stenotheca wheeleri Walcott [1908c, p. 245, pl I, fig. 7]. 8. Platyceras romingeri Walcott [1880, p. 442]. 9. Platyceras bellianus Walcott [1908c, p. 246, pl. I, fig. 13]. 0. Acrotreta depressa (Walcott) [1880, p. 441]. 1. Micromitra (Iphidella) pannula (White) [1874, p. 6]. 12. Obolus mcconnelli (Walcott) [1880, p. 441]. 13. Nisusia alberta Walcott [1880, p. 442]. ; 14. Philhedra columbiana (Walcott) [1880, p. 441]. SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS VOL. 53, PL. 21 MOUNT STEPHEN, BRITISH COLUMBIA, FROM THE NORTH Near the base at (a) the Mount Whyte formation rests on the St. Piran quartzitic sandstones. ‘The great Cathedral arenaceous limestone forms the north shoulder of the mountain up to (b), where the 800 feet of the Ste é phen formation breaks the profile. Above this the massive beds of the Eldon for- mation extend to the summit of the peak. ‘he section shown in the profile is over 5,800 feet in thickness. At +x on the slope the great, fossil beds of the Stephen formation are finely exposed. Pay f i i meni i] i he Re cy hp » Yat i i int 1 _ 9 tA ¥ qi ; >) : Vee ir : : , vv q Z iy ¢ « ' Ley yr" 4 - A ‘ > , y ‘al Te ‘ <5 ‘ 7 SEA er oe > af, . : o's =" ; ° S y i ‘ esd Pe re! 5 he Glad hating tomale. saree ree f= by F vein i . oe 4 = - bm = - i 2 i we a wit ihe ” Pe wy : any a y” - { Ai oe} i) P Ve 7 te _ CAMBRIAN CORDILLERAN SECTIONS—WALCOTT STEPHEN FORMATION (continued): Ogygopsis shale (continued) : 15. Scenella varians Walcott [1886, p. 127]. 16. Anomalocaris canadensis Whiteaves [1892, p. 207]. 17. Anomalocaris ? whiteavesi Walcott [1908c, p. 246, pl. II, figs. 2, 2a, 4, 6, and 6a[. 18. Anomalocaris ?? acutangula Walcott [1908c, p. 247, pl. TiS fis si. 19. Agnostus montis Matthew [1899, p. 43]. 20. Dorypyge (Kootenia) dawsoni (Walcott) [1880, p. 446]. 21. Bathyuriscus rotundatus (Rominger) [1887, p. 16]. 22. Bathyuriscus pupa Matthew [1899, p. 51] probably = 23. 23. Bathyuriscus occidentalis (Matthew) [1899, p. 49]. 24. Bathyuriscus ornatus Walcott [1908), p. 39]. 25. Karlia stephenensis Walcott [1889, p. 445]. Corynexochus romingeri Matthew [1809, p. 47] = 25. 26. Neolenus serratus (Rominger) [1887, p. 13]. Neolenus granulatus Matthew [1899, p. 55]=26. 27. Ogygopsis klotzsi (Rominger) [1887, p. 12]. 28. Oryctocephalus reynoldsi Reed [1899, p. 359]. Oryctocephalus walkeri Matthew [1899] = 28. 29. Burlingia hectori Walcott [1908), p. 15]. 30. Ptychoparia cordillere (Rominger) [1887, p. 17]. Feet Conocephalites cf. perseus Hall, Matthew [1899, p. 46] = 30. 31. Ptychoparia palliseri Walcott [1908c, p. 247, pl. III, fig. 6]. 32. Zacanthoides spinosus (Walcott) [1884, p. 63]. ZU MELEETISHNSTHCEOUS Shaler sae ae at die os ccteieine ave oaieie ae Maar 23 Fauna: Obolus (Westonia) ella ? (Hall and Whitfield) [1877, D232\: 2b. Thick-bedded, bluish gray limestone, breaking up into thin layers one-half to 3 inches thick on weathering............. 22 Fauna: Micromitra (Paterina) stissingensis (Dwight) [1889, p. 145]. Nisusia alberta Walcott [1880, p. 442], var. ee PETES He STAC COMGS) SHAG striauc sitet o -llbe te ae We cecties mata@meticess 70 2d. Alternating bluish gray, bedded, compact limestone, siliceous and arenaceous shale, mostly shale below..................- 210 TNopal- 20220 ad ee ee MER) A Seats eth: 325 Fauna: Cruziana, Micromitra (Iphidella) pannula (White) [1874, p. 6]. Obolus (Westonia) ella (Hall and Whitfield) [1877, p. 232]. Hyolithes. Leperditia. Ptychoparia. Bathyuriscus. 212 SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS VOL. 53 STEPHEN FORMATION (continued): 2d (continued) : Feet On Mount Stephen, at a horizon 150 feet from the base of this limestone, the fauna includes: Micromitra (Iphidella) pannula (White) [1874, p. 6]. Billingsella marion Walcott [1908d, p. 102]. Hyolithes. Microdiscus, Ptychoparia. CATHEDRAL FORMATION [Walcott, 1908a, p. 4]: Ia. Thin-bedded gray to lead-gray, arenaceous limestones, weather- inc buh gray to dull liehteray. 2 2.25 sn esce es ae ee 404 1b. Massive bedded, steel-gray weathering, light gray, arenaceous limestone. In some localities thinner layers appear at various horizons and large lentiles of dark lead-gray-colored beds *occun very irréstilariy oo. ck fcccenes Jen soo ac eae 682 Ic. Similar to ta. Annelid borings and trails occur in and on SOme JOLSHME MAVENS coc noc le cette aoc Se ais sine ie ie 126 ra. Similac ibe tics seat eandctins c4 0 ce ead eae ae ee 83 te. Thin-bedded, lead-gray to blue-gray, thin-bedded (layers 1 inch to 4 inches thick) arenaceous limestone............... 25 1f. Alternating thin and massive bedded, arenaceous, steel-gray lamestaneweatherme lieht sray.o.. 2 soi. os. coca sa eee 275 A OtaleG LET iateya ce aale ehh et ee a ee 1,595 LOWER CAMBRIAN MOUNT WHYTE FORMATION [Walcott, 1908a, p. 4]: The line between the Middle and Lower Cambrian is placed at this horizon on account of the presence in the Mount Stephen section of Olenellus in the limestone 116 feet below the mas- sive arenaceous limestone belt represented by If in the Cathedral formation of the Mount Bosworth section. ta. Thin-bedded, bluish gray, slightly arenaceous limestone........ 120 Fauna: Numerous annelid trails and borings. 1b. Gray odlitic limestone in layers 3 to 6 inches thick............ 44 Fauna (4 feet from base) : Nisusia (Jamesella) lowi Walcott [1908d, p. 98]. Microdiscus, sp. undt. Agraulos sp. Ptychoparia sp. At Castle Mountain fragments of a species of Bornemannia (new genus allied to Zacanthoides) occur at about this horizon. CAMBRIAN CORDILLERAN SECTIONS—-WALCOTY 213 MOUNT WHYTE FORMATION (continued): 1b (continued) : Feet In the Mount Stephen section the following species occur at a horizon near the top of this limestone: Nisusia (Jamesella) lowi Walcott [1908d, p. 98]. Stenotheca elongata Walcott [1884, p. 23], var. Scenella varians Walcott [1886, p. 127]. Platyceras, new species. Hyolithes billingsi Walcott [1886, p. 134]. Ptychoparia sp. Crepicephalus, new species. Protypus, new species. Albertella, sp. undt, About 50 feet down in the Mount Stephen section in a gray, siliceous shale the following species occur: Cystid plates. Micromitra (Paterina), sp. undt. Acrotreta sagittalis taconica (Walcott) [1887, p. 189]. Nisusia (Jamesella) lowi Walcott [1908d, p. 98]. Hyolithes (fragment). Hyolithellus cf. micans Billings [1872, p. 215]. Scenella varians Walcott [1886, p. 127]. Olenellus (fragments of thoracic segments). Ic. Massive layers made up of banded bluish gray limestone and _ sandstone in layers one-half inch to 2 inches thick.......... 60 Fauna: Agraulos, sp. undt. RMLs Oa cent BNP REO Blak sige OES bea e's 224 On Mount Stephen, at a horizon near the top of this bed of limestone, there was found: Acrothele colleni, new species. Acrotreta sagittalis taconica (Walcott) [1887, p. 189]. Scenella varians Walcott [1886, p. 127]. Stenotheca elongata Walcott [1884, p. 23], var. Albertella, sp. undt. Olenellus (fragments). Bathyuriscus, sp. undt. Near the base on Mount Stephen: Micromitra (Paterina) labradorica (Billings) [1861, p. 6], var. Micromitra (Iphidella) pannula (White) [1874, p. 6]. Acrotreta sagittalis taconica (Walcott) [1887, p. 189]. Bornemannia prima, new genus and new species. Ptychoparia, 3 species. 2. Gray and brownish gray sandstone in thin and massive layers. 31 4—w 214 SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS VOL. 53 MOUNT WHYTE FORMATION (continued): 2 (continued) : Fauna: A yolithes. Agraulos,. On Mount Stephen, at this horizon, there were found: Microdiscus, sp. undt. Olenellus, sp. undt. (fragments). Ptychoparia, sp. undt. Protypus, sp. undt. 3. Siliceous shale with a few interbedded thin layers of compact, hard, gray sandstone CC cS a In the Lake Agnes section 5 miles southeast of Mount Bos- worth, the fauna of about this horizon includes: Micromitra (Paterina) wapta Walcott [1908d, p. 59]. Obolus parvus Walcott [1908d, p. 61]. Hyolithes billingsi Walcott [1886, p. 134]. Olenopsis agnes, new species. Ptychoparia, 3 species. Albertella, sp. undt. Bathyuriscus. On the south slope of Mount Bosworth two drift blocks of siliceous shale, supposed to be from this horizon, were found, from which the following species were collected: Micromitra (Paterina) wapta Walcott [1908d, p. 59]. Obolus parvus Walcott [1908d, p. 61]. Acrothele colleni, new species. Wimanella simplex Walcott [1908d, p. ror]. Agraulos, sp. Ptychoparia, sp. Bornemannia, sp. Albertella boswortht Walcott [1908b, p. 22]. Albertella helena Walcott [1908b, p. 19]. Vanusxemella contracta, new genus and new species. Bathyuriscus, sp. a. On Mount Stephen, at about the same horizon, the following were found: Hyolithes billingst Walcott [1886, p. 134]. Scenella varians Walcott [1886, p. 127]. Olenopsis agnes, new species. Bornemannia prima, new genus and new species. 4. Interbedded layers of gray fossiliferous limestone and greenish gray siliceous shale Fauna: Nisusia festinata (Billings) [1861, p. to]. Scenella varians Walcott [1886, p. 127]. HTyolithellus. Feet II5 20 CAMBRIAN CORDILLERAN SECTIONS—WALCOTT 215 MOUNT WHYTE FORMATION (continued): Feet 4 (continued) : Ptychoparia. Agraulos. Protypus fieldensis, new species. Olenellus canadensis, new species. At this horizon on Mount Stephen the following were found: Micromitra (Iphidella) pannula (White) [1874, p. 6]. Acrotreta sagittalis taconica (Walcott) [1887, p. 189]. Kutorgina cingulata (Billings) [1861, p. 8]. Kutorgina, sp. undt. Nisusia festinata (Billings) [1861, p. Io]. Hyolithes billingsi Walcott [1886, p. 134]. Scenella varians Walcott [1886, p. 127]. Protypus, new species. Agraulos, sp. undt. Ptychoparia, 3 sp. undt. Olenellus canadensis, new species. Bow River GRouP ‘ST. PIRAN FORMATION [Walcott, 1908a, p. 4]: 1a. Siliceous and arenaceous greenish-colored shales in layers I to 3 inches in thickness, interbedded in shaly and thin-bedded gray and brownish gray sandstone, with a thick layer of compacteray Ssamastone near the tOp... sagt ee Oe ee 105. Fauna: Annelid trails. Cruziana. Micromitra (Iphidella) lowise Walcott [1908d, p. 56]. FAIRVIEW FORMATION [Walcott, 1908a, p. 5]: 1. Thin and thick layers of gray, quartzitic, brownish weathering, compact sandstones i(estimated))..<:2¢.i0.e etna: pee eee 600+ This formation is much thicker to the southeast. RESUME, MOUNT BOSWORTH SECTION UPPER CAMBRIAN. SHERBROOKE FORMATION: Feet Feet. 1.. (Gray, partly chenty limestonesss sense eee eee 175 2. O6litic limestones and shaly.band................. 590 3) Arenaceous' dolomitic limestones..n anes ee eee 610 Total sin. Si saa tts ooreeiarers settee ae ee een 1,375 PAGET FORMATION: 1. Massive bedded bluish gray limestone............. 60 2. Olitic limestone with bands of shale.............. 300-++ Total 250. See eee ee ee 360+ BOSWORTH FORMATION: 1. Gray, arenaceous, dolomitic limestone............. 600+ 2. Shaly and thin-bedded, dolomitic limestones with two bands of 'shales.42..).ccew woe tie eee 987 3. Somes © 25s o's. sic 9: Roepe dale eee ete ae ere 268 Total s...:<... target dae knnn atone eee ee 1,855+ Total Upper. Gamibriam . do. oo acne eee 3,590-+ MIDDLE CAMBRIAN. ELDON FORMATION: 1. Siliceous and arenaceous limestone..............+. 788 2., Bluish gray Wimestones.. lvete.ts cet bees PUSS Shale SAP a tie oats etic ee 180 nitens, see Linnarssonella. Motch Peak formation, House Ratige....5. 6000. 254.5. 00005 17I, 173-175, pl. 14 notchensis, see Obolus (Westonia). Maenmonmaiom, Blacksmith’ FOr, 2: .< sete occis oatte waleeeetareckee: 17I, 193 nundina, see Syntrophia. (ONG aLPRUL EL STOR TE CRYG RE ae gece Gren ERE eee Se nea GL, a a) 186, 187 Opens mccoideus CHall-and Whitfield). oo 5006 6085 i APOE ak tock: 193 Pe aE EA Uy VW AICEIEE Wicca ca Sava’ Salk tra.e ore dnl oeis sated Saeen 196, 197, 200, 210 meconnells peas. (Walcott)... 1... ns. ce ends 176, 179, 180, 181, 194 PNA EMAC UES, WV ANCOEE fo). ctclas dec ci Saree Ua store eee wlohe BROCE Pelee 3 209 CMU ACES An Crem es Sd he oh aa EO ae ey vee dite tees one 214 rama Ees WMV ICME NS onc Adee cae ROP Saal ie also lee Seow ee okies 176, 180 LELOMEMSUSHLE MAY WV AICOED on ttetowan seh a Chick senna 175 Miners ibEllulus \CWalcott) scenes cee nes cess coSeaeah fle on bbe os 193 PRE eer UR CLCOELs Ce es coe ou ala Soa e wae wa tes kOe ee PON aloe es 179 ete ae INVCOLE Shirt aie oS BES he E hae Vike re eae heen te rues 178, 179 (Westonia) ella (Hall and Whitfield) . .182, 183, 184, 196, 197, 198, 203, 211 URE MIE SOECHES A RY crs on DAs Soda Ginte va Sas snes cee ae Mee es Oe EER GMLEPES ESTONIA COLE Tog Arrears eee a aH Stee Oe tn ee 173 SMIEH PL MipeAC ANGIE GEG Atte atti Reis Sor oe ad eae ME 195 SWIG were ete ee Mere ere oeies cae eee Sree rk asd 192, 193, 196, 208 occidens, see Mickwitzia. occidentalts, see Bathyuriscus. ere sty hates (ROMINBES) <1. Aptana shah aces te oe beach sedecavaga ahs 211 CSD LOS Po oc eae ese ae ae Be NE 180, 181, 198, 199, 209 Ogygopsis shale, Mount Stephen, notes on............0 ese e cece eee ees 210-211 Olencllus Canadensis, NEW SPECIES. .iciccc.waas cece seca teeeilecs deeee ae 215 CIS VI MME IEW -SDECIER (7 ux 10s AS bur wht Ae beens Sere abm ak SE CESS 1389 EE WSDECIOS ic) Lau kd Sern ad BS eed Fo nd hind Re Pe. 187 PRECIOUS 7 ones ve Rdad doen s sAT eats Roce Maleate ce hoe cups 184, 1890 TMA G meee FAS Poe oh PAs oF hole ka eT RA eae 186, 187, 189, 203, 213, 214 SE UME S (HEU SHECICS: . oan ss be cda doer eb ilerdctccresieilliwences 214 RSP TATICE heen rete. cies bieie Se Cu CaS he Meee ae Se eee ie ele el « 203 NaI RSE Re ty ac i ak Baca ee he ce te, wR te eee Mab ate as 204 ophirensis, see Acrotreta. 228 SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS VOL. 53 Page ophirensis descendens, see Acrotreta. Ordovician ‘rocks: -sections Gish, ..css'.'secisetee ec eeu ee eee 173, I9I, 204 ornatus, see Bathyuriscus. , Ose formation; House Ranges sc5 1.2... ca oe ae eee 171, 175-177, pl. 15, fig. 1 CAPRI ORES Ss 025 sc octaeia are Sabla slsreilay @restie/e posi nie e MAORI eee 189 Onthotheca corrugaia, Matthew: oo... dsce & PRT Cop eee aat iea Re Sa haere "aduat'a cathe aa 189 Swasey formation, House Range...............-. 171, 181-182, pls. 16 and 17 Suntrophia.. cambria “Walcott \.. 0. cnt ducer akeseasos aie ouetenne a peli . 196 nunaina Walcott <.scc%..cehe cece nla sabes avats areca alee eee 189, I9I, 192 UNIAB. Sasa vines,» = 6 Pain| da meaieR leahtsne ne aban sane eee oi eaee oe SYringopora ..cecececees Heat olathe Sec Rast enna irs cette Setaes cn deedet, Camere tetonensis leda, see Obolus. texanus, see Crepicephalus. thyone, see Eoorthis. transversa, see Linnarssonella. Trematobolus excelsis Walcott ........... its Sten peebers ERE hice .... 187, 188 "Tarneis Hoa W ia THemtlened ie. Bose n. cus eas ena cee eek « bkakk Lae eee . 185 turneri, see Acrothele. typa, see Owenella. typicalis, see Schizambon and Zacanthoides. Uusta, “Mountain rplitt, mentioned), 0.66664 vege Nati Seo Ae ee 19! unxia, see Syntrophia. Utah sboundary-oi- Cambrian land atea in... .. oi. aka Sone eee 168 Utah and British Columbia, connection between sections in.............. 169 ite formation blacksiutth jb Orks. ce. ct... Jas): cae cae eee 171, 195-198 Vanuxemella contracta, new genus and new specieS...............0: 203, 214 varians, see Scenella. walkeri, see Oryctocephalus. waptasee: Macromiira. CPGGerina) A bs % 6% we vac ad pase ecee ocak 62 eee eee 214 Wasatch Canyon, Box Elder County, Utah, fossils in................. 195, 107 wasatchensis, see Obolus (Westonia). Waucoba Springs section, California, described.............2...000005 185-188 Stiligraplie APOSIMION v.csr ssriS o.0.8' se 8 soe ented eee Mita ale oe 169 Weeks, 3) mentioned: ws vox Ji os5e4s ss sos one cate. eae oe 188 Weeks formation, House Range......0..050..0c0005 I71, 177-178, pl. 5, fig. 1 weeksi, see Holmia and Swantonia. (Westonia), see Obolus (Westonia). Wheeler Amphitheater, House Range, view of.................. pl. 15, fig. 2 Wheeler formation; House Ranges... 0.66 cc ec cin wens 171, 181, pl. 15, fig. 2 wheeleri, see Asaphiscus and Stenotheca. whiteavesi, see Anomalocaris. Wimancllas simpless Walcott sc 5. c. hon vecs,c ie wane’ cle poston 203, 214 Woolsey shale, Littl: Belt Mountains). c500.4 o\s. ccs age an aoe RS ae 203 Wyoming, boundary of Cambrian land area in........0..-.claceecescm sve 168 Facammoides idahoensts. Walcott..0 <5)... ss.ngonoe eer mn beh eoeoe eee 197 Lerits CV aICOLE) "5 5 5 5 sicie tise ie-obontebias aduakis id ab bs Rane aaa ieee 184 SPImocustWaleott side. pin ee. iF als Zhe ws wal oek Oe ee 209, 211 ppacalis. Walcott) Wo. cio. -sick cic ueechaa E de deena slaae ee ee 183 SI UGE cig cn PRN sien SARIN Siac ake Kee Lek E 181, 182, 183, => 198 LORAVORME YU Rede ick ons bd Sole Cat Ris BE Oe ee REA Pier es zeno, see Eoorthis. ue ee a a ar SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS VOLUME 53, NUMBER 6 CAMBRIAN mEOLOGY AND PALEONTOLOGY Meese: OLENELEUS AND OTHER. GENERA OF THE MESONACID/E With Twenty-Iwo Ptates BY CHARLES D. WALCOTT (Pustication 1934) CITY OF WASHINGTON PUBLISHED BY THE SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION AUGUST 12, 1910 ee 2 . iy Rah ay oy oy J Siw ‘ 7 - “fe * ae 4 * a can , ‘ 4 é UK rf ren Sek tS ins The Lord Baltimore Press BALTIMORE, MD., U. 3. A. ? ’ : . * * Li P 5 - a ~~ ye ¥ . ’ 4 ‘ os ? . - > * , ty * “a tg - + at & . 1 ’ “ ra ? 4 Wihy Cary * i! * - i Pt os . , . ® . » s CAMBRIAN GEOLOGY AND PALEONTOLOGY No. 6—OLENELLUS AND OTHER GENERA OF THE MESONACID/£ By CHARLES D. WALCOTT (Witu Twenty-Two PLatTEs) CONTENTS PAGE EIR VAPORS SoU od dciltere Sorat ae ot ake dm aniaewe wer + 233 IP niMnes: (ROUTE 6B SEs DE SG 6 OO SIE0 GSES Occ OUNOESE Dice CES Os eer eae 234 PNGENMOWIEMSMENtS 1... oe cee sch ses So Aas DOA en Oop OGiD Dee tear 234 Oem @ pisthopatia BOCCMEt + .1.chers crchete nts Shes elas eres eso. sialeverene aa ele 6.8 235 ative Viesonmactdas wVWal COlt stakes cicrae cia eis ee ici eraara estesaiotee ceed a 236 Wiseryvariois—WEVElOpMenlt oii teroe.c nk.0e a coke atielee ae bs Gane ale eces 236 Coeplasloval: «5 aie Bhere Ae Seiet eG bkitem onee inn SOY bio eR eee 236 IBIS ae FO Ob id OIG CO Ee ETE ee ens ee oreo? 239 ERTIES UATE OMe teees oye at ROPES oe ee Pet obe Sistars ara ace Be 242 ANtemOnmo la pe llate sl OMe, acre aevacione a occas tae ace ssc 242 Ely POSLOMI peste eter tOT Pie tee sithadeletaiclototore fais clams Gocrets: tena 243 INR@ITEI) Saale pelea blets Sonsio ore 9 eateaicacitote cee Re ERR CCR ea ee RP 244 Ne vada Sta ol crmracser ca torn ttchrcen fits matters. sletcnaiers inches fests 244 IMNESOMAGISMSLAC CME Mea ieiayteid itt dete oleineh een eas oa tihoosiete 244 Dine cepliallarsta ces my wa as creiaes etets cercke clr e cleric si vicheve lore, susie 244 IE [olbgaiier Saved ee ak BA aii 08 aa ARES Oe a on aa eee 244 Peed GtmiAaS Stam Cla: a wae hede Neh. a ae hee aloe Slontale.e 245 OVS TVS ET S72 PoP Se ae ea aa oe a ell el hae ae Gea ae 245 IPercl all) | AR ea tek ols BE tire Eanes Gp ae Aerts ae 245 HEME, SEO E LG fob CaCRS Has CORRE DCO to eee 245 PAR ETIC HETIL OS So Gtk Om Ga cE ara O PROC lS nO a ee One eee eee 245 erin ICIP OL EMC EA. oe cis. cms rire ioe aatslha oe cen der tiene ws sie gece 246 Mee cicimeteerce te ee ta oan rere es eee lasiasns arom ees 246 INSISTS “st! beter bore ath uges Ge Aa ua SO 2 ae ee Be eee arene 246 IDM oeeoBNE, esas sous Spa GnO GOTO De Cen Oe ere 247 (Caillenyin, SSS beGaciee oo one OE RIOU ROB DEO cH One Om Crcane 247 Ilo haiite, BES AGUAS anes Sco DEA Oe UO ean Or IIe ere 247 WVenaingiere), Apacer ere aeee Bitte a SiGe OC DIGRRI ne Re OCS EOne 248 JERE IIEISS ¢.6 Son onwUe oS Osu OP Oe Ane Cinbee er bIcc Dorner 248 Olenmelltismets meee eee ee avsrore sake, slsiate ce 248 JECTED EW Bao pt cape Fo i ine A ea ee oe 248 (CITI SNICKERS Sah aino ete acto eee Ane Ror a Connie caer tree eae 248 Develo prientc Ole WieSOLACIC 2 osc io. c/209 ca) «fare ela ars, oPefo exe's s/stevauel ovsJe\elee)« 249 Wiesonaciderratds Para do xdigcen s..ccra 1S tated eine ne sree viae.sis) oe we eleie «re ol 250 Stratigraphic position of the genera and species.............00055 250 ; Abruph appearanee- ofthe Mesonacide. ....\)..5 60.5. isc ce eee ees 252 CSBP OSU Cie G2 le et lees ieee as ee 252 Transition from the Mesonacide to the Paradoxine............. 253 SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS, VOL. 53, No. 6 232 SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS VOL. 53 Description of @enerasand SpeCiess ine sists o inc eels eit oka eee 256 Nevadiay new Semuss (2 ssw erasiews cece cat ike eet alae ale eee eee 256 weekksi, Tew: SPECIES... jcistre ee blesic sol hehos eit hie eee 257 Miesonacis:; Walcott: Se. eiotcne ooie nies oe 2061 mickwitziA( Schmidt)i-. sh Ache au cose ee eee o eee 262 torelli, (Mobere) (ina clits t fares hrc sinios tie erone et eae eee 264 vermontana “CEally 5 rx:cven: csieadietes ocnee tee ae 264 Elliptocephalal Emmons). v.cs-)eeeiicteiee elicicio ieee 267 asaphoides. Emmons 223025 ita oh beens eee eee 269 GCallavia Matthew: seo oes weds kets etcetera 274 bicenisis, “Mew SPECIES. J siscs@ aes wos loos noe esh cnst el ree 277 broggeri: CWalcott): «ico. 00 Delis oc on dea bye ieee 279 DUrfi’ MEW “SPECIES. 60. crs. slaccsteloiey led so cual oe tee eae 280 . callaver (Geapworth)) \. joc hence coset ae ee tie ee 282 cartlatidi- (Raw) CMUSS.) ioc cic es eee renter chee 282 Grosbyi,-t1eW SPECIES sracile! new SpeCies., .0s- es eta dees ) ie eee 2098 Halli, Mew Species. Swiss nates ee ee 301 Wwalcottantisn( Wanner). o..i082205; shares niece tee eee 302 Pedeumias; News@enuS | ste 2.5 eons eee ee ee 304 transitans, NEw SPECIES). a0. ccieeend ban eee ee 305 Olenellus “Hlally ss juice hse Wo uence oe eee -311 ArSentusy MEW: SPECIES)... ...< ec ccs de evens oe cee ee 314 canadensissnew species. ss... case oe ceiein ne tae ee eee 316 P clayton, “mew SPeCleS\...5 5... = oe. a on ete Le eee 3190 fremont, mew Speciesc..c ics ica faa e ch wach oe 320 gigas’ Peach’ i:.¥ Moons ce hosutitn cl athe’ » Meebo 323 enlberti Meeks oe 2866 ci ee so eee ae 324 gilberti, variety undetermined! ©... %.)/.0.0. 7.0. oemeoeeee 331 lapworthi: Peach) 2 ivics.2s moe soos hee Oe ee 331 logani; Méw. Species. . 0c. 5. .0u cst alneree ne eee 333 retictilatus (Peach, 4:5 gvsneex news 4s Gee ee ee 335 thompsoni )CHall) tipcsoyse5 eke ee ee 336 thompsoni crassimarginatus, new variety...............- 340 f walcotti (Shaler and Foerste) o>)... 02.00. 0.5 ee 341 hospi undt: Sweden; 1... 02/8. ugcccseaenh natee eee 341 Psp.tundt. Scotland. otis aaah ee 342 Peachella; new-/@entisnd. incl ss ss wc cade nie 342 iddingst-( Wialeott) °S. feases tech oe cue wh eee 343 Olenelloides (Peach! 3.73.6 oct Sho SR eS 345 armatus Peath ai)... .cndeie sce ee oe eee 347 Alphabetic list (arranged by genera, subgenera, and species) of the forms now placed in the Mesonacide, as they occur in the literature, with the present reference of each.. 351 Bibliography «0.9.0 42} doch ale Wee ah Be elie Ue Ae 372 Description of plates: .. .....alio Alcs ote eee 380 Index OLENELLUS AND OTHER GENERA OF MESONACID& 233 INTRODUCTION This paper was first planned to include the descriptions of the new genera and species of the Mesonacidz that had been collected by me or under my direction since the publication of the memoir on the Olenellus fauna in 1891 [ Walcott, 1891]. When the material was assembled, I wrote to my friend, Prof. Atreus Wanner, of York, Pennsylvania, asking if he had any new material. In response he sent me a beautiful series of specimens showing the growth of the dorsal shield of Pedeumtas transitans and specimens of Wanneria qwalcottanus with a large spine on the fifteenth segment. I also found in the collections from central Alabama a very interesting series of specimens of the young cephalons of Pedeumias and Wanneria. The result has been that I have reviewed and discussed the family Mesonacide and illustrated the known genera and species more or less fully. When in 1891 I proposed to use the term Mesonacide [ Walcott, 1891, p. 635] I thought it a better selection than to propose Olenel- lidz and so stated. Vogdes [1893, p. 254] evidently misunderstood my intention and used the term Olenellide. Later Moberg [ 1899, p. 316], evidently without knowing of Vogdes’ use of the term, pro- posed to use Olenellidz, as he thought it did not conflict with Oleni- de. Lindstr6m [1901, p. 12] simply followed Moberg. The term Olenellidz is a good one, but Mesonacide has priority, and also the genus Mesonacis is much more typical of the family than the genus Olenellus; the latter is the last phase of the evolution of one branch of the family, while Mesonacts illustrates the stage in which the marked characteristics of most if not all of the genera are present. Mesonacis vermontana (Hall) was founded ona specimen preserv- ing the cephalon and a portion of the thorax [ Hall, 18509, fig. 2, p. 60]. In 1886 I found this form was essentially similar to Olenellus thomp- som | Walcott, 1886, pl. 24, fig. 1a] back to the fourteenth segment, but that the fifteenth segment instead of being a telson was a thoracic segment with a long median spine. Posterior to the fifteenth seg- ment there were ten segments with short pleural lobes and a plate- like pygidium [pl. 26, figs. 1 and 2]. For this strange form the genus Mesonacis was proposed [ Walcott, 1885, p: 328], and I [ Wal- cott, 1886, p. 166] concluded that the telson of Olenellus thompsoni was represented in Mesonacis by the fifteenth segment and the pos- terior segments and pygidium. Subsequently other specimens were found with segments posterior to the fifteenth [pl. 26, fig. 3], and one large specimen [see pl. 33, fig. 1, and pl. 24, fig. 12] that had 234 SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS VOL. 53 three very short rudimentary segments and a plate-like pygidium beneath the great spine on the fifteenth segment." These specimens convinced me that Olenellus thompsoni passed through a Mesonacis stage before becoming a typical Olenellus. I put the specimens away in hopes that others would be found throwing more light on the problem. In the collection made by Dr. Charles Schuchert at York in 1896 an otherwise typical form of Olenellus thompsoni 40 mm. in length was found to have four rudimentary segments and a py- gidium beneath the spine on the fifteenth segment, but it was not until 1909 when Prof. Atreus Wanner sent me a large series of . specimens showing young stages of growth, also adults with from two to four rudimentary segments posterior to the fifteenth spine bearing segment that sufficient material was available to definitely conclude that Olenellus thompsoni passed through a Holimia, a Mes- onacis, and a Pedeumias stage of development, and later became a typical O. thompsoni with a terminal telson by the absorption of certain rudimentary segments and a plate-like pygidium. FUTURE WORK It is exceedingly desirable that more collecting should be done in the Lower Cambrian formations of the Reval region of Russia ; in Finland; and in the various localities in Sweden, Norway, and England. I am sure that important information in relation to the Mesonacidze would be secured by a systematic search for more and better material. In America we will continue the work in 1910 in western Newfoundland and the Straits of Belle Isle, and in British Columbia and Alberta, and another season will be spent in Nevada and California. ACKNOWLEDGMENTS I am greatly indebted to Prof. Atreus Wanner, Superintendent of Public Schools at York, Pennsylvania, for very generously per- mitting me to study and illustrate the material in his collection.’ Prof. H. Justin Roddy, of the State Normal School at Lancaster, Pennsylvania, permitted me to examine the collection he had made in Lancaster County, and loaned me specimens, and both he and Professor Wanner took me over the areas from which they collected specimens in central Pennsylvania. Dr. Joh. Chr. Moberg, of the 1 This form is now included in Pedewmias transitans. * Professor Wanner has since presented to the United States National Museum the specimens illustrated and described in this paper. OLENELLUS AND OTHER GENERA OF MESONACIDA 235 University of Lund, Sweden, sent me casts and specimens of the species described by him. Dr. B. N. Peach most kindly guided me to the Loch Maree localities in northwest Scotland and, by the per- mission of the Director of the Geological Survey of Great Britain, Dr. J. Horne, in charge of the Scottish Survey, sent me the material _ in the collections of the Geological Survey and the Royal Scottish Museum at Edinburgh. Mr. Frank Raw of the University of Birm- ingham sent me photographs and plaster casts of the specimens de- scribed by him from the Comley sandstone of Shropshire, England. Dr. John M. Clarke, of the New York State Survey, loaned me the Ford specimens of Elliptocephala asaphoides, and Prof. George H. Perkins, State Geologist of Vermont, sent me the material in the State Survey collections from western Vermont. The Director of the Geological Survey of Canada kindly loaned the specimens in the Survey Museum. Among the collectors who have assisted in obtaining the material studied I wish to mention Mr. William P. Rust, of Trenton Falls, New York, and Dr. Cooper Curtice, of Moravia, New York, both of whom worked in the town of Georgia, Vermont, and in Washington County, New York. Also Mr. F. B. Weeks, Mr. Henry Dickhaut, and Mr. T. E. Williard, of the U. S. Geological Survey. The material of value from Alberta and British Columbia was principally collected by Mrs. Walcott and myself during the summer of 1900. To all I return my sincere thanks, and if I have omitted to men- tion any who may have given assistance I trust that they will accept an apology for my unintentional neglect. Order OPISTHOPARIA Beecher Order Opisthoparia Brecuer, 1897, American Journ. Sci., 4th ser., Vol. 3, p. 187. (Defined as below.) “Free cheeks generally separate [but not in the Mesonacidz], always bearing the genal angles. Facial sutures [when not in a state of synthesis] extending forwards from the posterior part of the cephalon within the genal angles, and cutting the anterior margin separately, or rarely uniting in front of the glabella. Compound, paired holochroal [?] eyes on free cheeks [or corresponding portion of cephalon], and well developed in all but the most primitive family.” The words enclosed in brackets I have added to Dr. Beecher’s definition of the order. 236 SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS VOL. 53 Family MESONACIDAE* Walcott Mesonacide Watcortt, 1891, Tenth Ann. Rept. U. S. Geol. Survey, p. 635. (Cites Olenellus (Mesonacis) vermontana as typical of the family. Declines to propose term Olenellid@ as it was too much like the family name Olenida.) Olenellide VocpvrEs, 1893, Occasional Papers California Acad. Sci., 4, p. 254. (Cites Olenellus thompsoni Hall as the type.) Olenellide Moserc, 1899, Geol. Féren. i Stockholm Fo6rhandl., Bd. 21, Hafte 4, p. 316. (The author includes under this family name the following species: Georgiellus (Elliptocephala) asaphoides (Em- mons), Olenellus thompsoni Hall, Holmia kjerulfii (Linnarsson), Mesonacis vermontana (Hall), Mesonacis mickwitzi (Schmidt), and Olenelloides armatus Peach.) Olenellide LinpstROM, 1901, Kongl. Svenska Vet.-Akad. Handlingar, Vol. 34, No. 8, p. 12. (Uses Olenellide as a group name for the “ Olenellide ” proper” and the Paradovine.) Description.—Cephalon very large, wider than long, genal angles with spines ; intergenal spines developed in young and may be pres- ent in adult. Facial suture rudimentary, or in a condition of syn- thesis. Eyes crescentic or semicircular and attached more or less closely to the anterior lobe of the glabella by a rounded ridge; visual surface of eyes with facets arranged in quincunx order. Hypostoma usually with more or less spinose posterior margin. Thorax long, composed of from 13 to 27 free segments. Pygidium small, margin usually entire but may have from one to three spines. Surface of test in adult specimens granular and usually with network of very fine thread-like raised inosculating ridges. The genera included are Nevadia, Mesonacis, Elliptocephala, Cal- lavia, Holmia, Wanneria, Pedeumias, Olenellus, Peachella, and Olenelloides. OBSERVATIONS—DEVELOPMENT Cephalon.—The youngest stage of growth known to me is the Protaspis stage of Elliptocephala asaphoides |pl. 25, fig. 9]. In this the palpebral ridges are continuous with the transversely elongated anterior lobe of the glabella and arch about the spaces between the glabella and the eye lobe, and continue back across the posterior border of the cephalon. The segmentation of the cephalon is beauti- fully shown by figs. 9, 10, and 22, pl. 25. In figs. 9 and 10 the occipital segment merges into the strong ridge and spine formed by the next two anterior segments; the fourth anterior segment curves *The genus Mesonacis is more typical of the family than the genus Olenellus and as Mesonacide was first used, I shall continue it in this paper. OLENELLUS AND OTHER GENERA OF MESONACIDE 237 back against the palpebral ridge, and the latter, with the occular segment, terminates against the large intergenal spine formed by the prolongation of the glabellar segments. The pygidium is a simple plate without axis or traces of segmentation. The young of Pe- deumias transitans [pl. 25, fig. 22] of a little later stage of growth has the segmentation of the cephalon finely shown, also remarkably long, intergenal spines. The progressive changes of the cephalon result in the gradual separation of the intergenal and genal spines and the straightening out of the posterior margin. This occurs in Pedeumias [pl. 25, figs. 20-22], Elliptocephala [pl. 25, figs. 9-12], and Wanneria [pl. 31, figs. 8, 7, 5, and 6]. A curious phase in the later development of the cephalon is the advancing of the genal angles from the line of the occipital segment until they are forward of the anterior mar- gin of the glabella. [See pl. 32 for Pedewmias, pl. 25 for Ellipto- cephala, pl. 31 for Wanneria, and pl. 37 for Olenellus.| The genal, intergenal, and antero-lateral spines of the cephalon undoubtedly represent the pleural ends of segments that have been fused together and greatly modified in the process. The genal spines persist in the adult of the Mesonacidz and often the inter- genal spines, but only in a modified manner. The intergenal spines are seen in a later geological period in the adult Bronteus,’ where they might be considered as a reversion to a character of their Cam- brian ancestors. Hydrocephalus * appears to have an intergenal spine and in all of the Proparia [ Beecher, 1897, p. 198] the “ genal spine”’ is attached to the space within the facial sutures, and is in fact the prolongation of one of the fused segments of the cephalon, and corresponds in this respect to the intergenal spine of the Mesonacide. Some of the species of the genus Agnostus also show spines that suggest the intergenal spine, notably dA. granulatus Barrande and A. rex Barrande.° ; Number of segments in the cephalon.—The question of the num- ber of segments represented in the cephalon is one that cannot be fully discussed here.” The presence of a palpebral segment that appears to also form the larger part of the anterior glabellar lobe * Barrande, 1872, pl. 9, figs. 12 and 13; and pl. 11, figs. 13 and 14. 7 Barrande, 1852, pl. 49. * Barrande, 1852, pl. 49. *The student is referred to a paper by H. M. Bernard on the “ Systematic Position of the Trilobites,” Quart. Journ. Geol. Soc., London, Vol. 50, 1804, Pp. 411-432; also to C. E. Beecher’s paper on the “ Larval Stages of Trilobites,” American Geologist, Vol. 16, 1895, pp. 166-197. “ee 238 SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS VOL. 53 in the young of Elliptocephala [pl. 25, figs. 9 and 10], Pedeumias [pl. 25, fig. 22], and Olenellus [pl. 36, figs. 11-14], and the posterior portion of the same lobe in Olenellus logani [pl. 41, fig. 6], is evi- dence that there are six, if not seven, clearly defined segments in the cephalon ; these include the occipital ring, the four segments rep- resented by the glabellar lobes, and the occular or eye-bearing seg- ment; the expansion of the latter may form the anterior portion of the first glabellar lobe as indicated in Olenellus logam [pl. 41, fig. 6], where the furrows on the glabella in advance of the palpebral segment apparently outline the segment. In all trilobites where the cheeks carry the visual surface of the eye, the cheeks may be con- sidered as an expansion of the occular segment, and probably of a segment in advance of it, and the genal spines are the outward ter- mination of the occular segment. The anterior and second segments of the glabella do not appear to terminate in spines, but the third or fourth segment may be extended into the intergenal spines [pl. 25 Migs: O; STO sand! 22) ploy Te NO]: It is not improbable that a seventh segment more anterior than the occular segment existed in the primitive cephalon of the Mes- onacidz ; this is indicated by the antero-lateral spines of the young of Olenellus gilberti [pl. 36, figs. 11-14] and the larval-like cephalon of Olenelloides [pl. 40, figs. 2 and 3] and by the cephalon of Cal- lavia bicensis [pl. 41, fig. 9] where there are two pairs of furrows in front of the palpebral ridge. The preceding brief outline of the segments included in the ceph- alon may be tabulated as follows: 1. Anterior border segment, the reflected margin of which sup- ports the hypostoma. 2. Occular segment carrying the visual surface of the eye. 3. Palpebral or first glabellar segment from which the large an- terior lobe of the glabella was largely developed, also the so-cailed “occular” ridge, and the palpebral lobe. 4. Second glabellar segment which is usually extended beyond the end of the third glabellar segment in the adult cephalon. 5. Third glabellar segment which may or may not be extended so as to appear in the interpalpebral space. 6. Fourth glabellar segment. This segment in the young [pl. 25, figs. 9, 10, 13, and 22; pl. 36, fig. 12] may be continued as an inter- genal spine. 7. Occipital segment, the extensions of which terminate against the intergenal spines [pl. 25, figs. 9, 10, and 22]. OLENELLUS AND .OTHER GENERA OF MESONACID/ZE 239 Eye.—tThe changes in the eye lobes vary in different genera. All agree in having a proportionally very long eye lobe in the youngest stages, such as those represented by figs. 9 and Io, pl. 25, of Ellipto- cephala; figs. 20-22, pl. 25, of Pedewmias, and figs. 5-8, pl. 31, of Wanneria. The elongated eye lobes remain during life in most of the species of all of the genera, excepting Wanneria. In this latter genus the eye lobe is very long in the young [pl. 31, figs. 8, 7, 5, and 4] and short in the adult [pl. 31, figs. 1, 3; pl. 30, figs. r and 2]. Two species of the genus Olenellus have short eye lobes: O. fre- monti [pl. 37] and O. canadensis [pl. 38]. The eye of O. fremonti is unique in that it is larger in the adult [pl. 37, figs. 1, 2, 3, and 6] than in the young stages of growth [figs. 8-12]. This is one of the characters that leads me to consider that the species is one that is descendent from a species that had attained, as far as the eye was concerned, the most advanced stage of development of any species of the Mesonacidz, and then through reversion developed the long eye lobe in the adult. This stage might be represented by the small- eyed O. canadensis. In one species I have been so fortunate as to find the outer faceted surface preserved [pl. 43, figs. 5 and 6]. This surface is perforated by minute rounded, hexagonal openings arranged in oblique trans- verse rows which gives them a more or less quincunx order. The interstitial spaces between the openings are narrow, rounded ridges. There is no trace of a corneal covering, and the surface is so much like that of the outer surface of the eye of Limulus that I cannot avoid the conclusion that they are of the same type [compare figs. 4 and 5, pl. 43], and “inward projections of the outer cuticle” [ Bernard, 1894, p. 422]. Bernard concludes that the eye of Limulus is more primitive than that of Apus. This may be a correct view, but I strongly suspect that the primitive phylopods of the type of Apus will be found to have developed earlier than the trilobites. Dr. A. S. Packard [1880, p. 508], after comparing the eye of Limulus with the sections of the eye of some Ordovician trilobites, notably Asaphus and Bathyuwrus, came to the conclusion that the hard parts of the eye of the trilobites and of Limulus were through- out identical, and that the trilobite’s eye was organized on the same plan as that of Limulus. Dr. G. Lindstrém, in his Researches on the Visual Organs of the Trilobites [1901, pp. 26-27], found that there were several types of eyes among the trilobites: 240 SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS VOL. 53 I. Genera with compound eyes having: (a) prismatic plano-convex cornea facets ; (b) round or bi-convex transversely elongate lenses ; II. Genera with aggregate eyes of bi-convex lenses; and III. Genera with isolated eyes, one or several stemmata at the extremity ofa straight facial ridge. He says [1901, p. 27] of the statement of Packard: “ This state- nent is altogether wrong, and as I hope to show the trilobites have had eyes entirely different from those of Limulus, and instead agree with those of the Jsopoda and perhaps also with a few other Crustacea.” At the time Dr. Lindstr6m wrote he was unacquainted with the visual surface of the eye of Olenellus and contended [1901, p. 9] that all Cambrian trilobites were blind in not having eyes on the upper surface of the cephalon. He thought that they might have been provided with visual organs on the hypostoma. The dis- covery of the faceted surface of the eye of Olenellus gilberti clearly negatives the broad conclusion of the absence of a visual organ on the upper surface of the cephalon and indicates that with sufficiently well-preserved specimens the visual surface will be found on all Cambrian trilobites with eyes. That it has not been found long ago is probably due to the fact that the roughened visual surface without a corneal covering adheres to the matrix and is broken off with it. I do not wish to assert that the eyes of Olenellus and Limulus are constructed on the same plan, but I do think that the outward ap- pearance of the surface of the eye of the young specimens pegs that they were similar [pl. 43, figs. 4 and 5]. Dr. Lindstrom [1901, p. 71] found maculz on the hypostoma of 136 species of 39 genera of trilobites, on 36 species of which it was possible to study the structure of the macule through sections. He states that while the structure that often characterizes the maculz as a visual organ is very rudimentary, there is no doubt that it sub- served the purpose of the visual organ, even where there is no trace of any definite structure that is preserved in the fossil state. In final conclusion he says [1901, p. 74]: We find the macule of the trilobites present from the oldest Cambrian times and we find also in them a progressive evolution, in some to a high degree, lenses and facets, perfectly identical with those of the eyes on the head shield, converting them into true eyes..... But there are, no doubt, still more facts to adduce for filling up extant lacunz in the knowledge of these matters. OLENELLUS AND OTHER GENERA OF MESONACIDA 241 1 have not been able to find maculze showing any definite structure on the hypostoma of any species of the Mesonacidz. I see, however, no «a priori reason why such structures should not be present. From the structure and probable habits of the trilobite, as a mud- burrowing animal more or less allied to Limulus, it does not at first appear what special purpose was subserved by having visual organs on the hypostoma. While thinking of this, I was led to revert to observations that I made when collecting trilobites showing ventral appendages. These notes [ Walcott, 1875, p. 159] state that of 1,160 specimens of Ceraurus noted on the under surface of a thin layer of limestone, 1,110 were lying on their backs when buried in the sedi- ment and but 50 presented the dorsal surface upward. Prof. Alex- ander Agassiz in describing the habits of young Limulus says [1878, pp. 75-76]: Mr. C. D. Walcott has called attention to the fact that when collecting fossils he finds large numbers of trilobites on their back*; from this he argues that they died in their natural position, and that when living they probably swam on their backs. He mentions, in support of his view, the well-known fact that very young Limulus and other crustacea frequently swim in that position. I have for several summers kept young horse-shoe crabs in my jars, and have noticed that besides thus often swimming on their backs, they will remain in a similar position for hours, perfectly quiet, on the bottom of the jars where they are kept. When they cast their skin it invariably keeps the same attitude on the bottom of the jar. It is not an uncammon thing to find on beaches, where ‘ Limulus is common, hundreds of skins thrown up and left dry by the tide, the greater part of which are turned on their backs. An additional point to be brought forward to show that the trilobites probably pass the greater part of their life on their back, and die in that attitude, is that the young Limulus generally feed while turned on their back; moving at an angle with the bottom, the hind extremity raised, they throw out their feet beyond the anterior edge of carapace, browsing, as it were, upon what they find in their road, and washing away what they do not need by means of a powerful current produced by their abdominal appendages. My object in calling attention to the above facts in relation to the habit of trilobites and Limulus is to suggest that in all probability the eyes of the hypostoma were of service when the trilobite was lying on its back on the sand or mud, and it was on this account that they were thus developed. It is highly probable that the adult trilo- bite crawled about the bottom and did not swim freely in the water to the extent that it would be necessary for it to be able to see the bottom. Its habits must have been very much like those of Limulus when in search of food. That the trilobite burrowed and pushed * Ann. Lyceum Nat. Hist. New York, Vol. 11, 1875, pp. 155-159. 242 SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS VOL. 53 its way through the mud and soft sands in a manner similar to that of Limulus is proven by the trails and burrows left by it which we now designate as Cruziana | Walcott, 1891, pls. 64-66]. Facial sutures —The facial sutures are rarely represented, even by elevated lines on the exterior surface or depressed lines on the interior surface of the cephalon. If we accept Beecher’s view that the sutures are in a condition of symphysis [ Beecher, 1897, p. 191], and that the elevated and depressed lines represent the suture be- tween the cranidium and free cheeks, the latter bear the visual surface of the eye. In my hurried study of the Olenellus fauna in 1886 and 1891 I permitted facial suture lines to be represented in front of the eye in a specimen referred to Olenellus gilberti [Wal- cott, 1886, pl. 20, fig. 11; 1891, pl. 86, fig. 1%] on evidence that now appears to me to be insufficient, as the line may have been formed by a fracture in the test. In one specimen of Pedeumias transitans [pl. 33, fig. 1] an ele- vated line having the usual curvature of the posterior facial suture starts from the base of the eye at its posterior third and extends with a gentle sigmoid curve outward and backward to the postero- lateral angle of the cheek where it fades away. It is not probable that this line represents the facial suture that has been lost in the development of the cephalon, but it suggests that conclusion. Prof. R. P. Whitfield [1884, p. 151, pl. 15, fig. 1] describes and illustrates the curve of facial sutures in Olenellus thompsoni.. The curve assigned to the sutures back of the eye is certainly incorrect, as, from many specimens, we know that the elevated lines run to the intergenal angles, and I strongly suspect that the suture as out- lined in front of the eye is based on a crack in the test, as the speci- men is flattened in the arenaceous shale. Anterior glabellar lobe.—The anterior or first lobe of the glabella in the young stages of growth is small and a part of the palpebral segment of the cephalon [pl. 25, figs. 9, 10, and 22]. In what I con- sider to be the most primitive genus of the Mesonacide, Nevadia [pl. 23], the first lobe is small and not at all expanded as in Olenellus [pl. 37]. In Callavia [pls. 27 and 28] the first lobe is also small, although the genus occurs at a much higher horizon than Nevadia. We find that Holmia weeksi [pl. 29] which is associated with Nevadia has an expanded first glabellar lobe. That the small, contracted first lobe of Nevadia is a primitive character is shown by its occurring in the youngest stages of growth of all the genera of * Referred in this paper to Pedeumias transitans. OLENELLUS AND OTHER GENERA OF MESONACID.E 243 the Mesonacidze of which we have the young cephalon. The small first glabellar lobe of Callavia is an illustration of the survival of a primitive character in the adult of a later genus or it may be an instance of reversion to a primitive character. The anterior glabellar lobe of Pedeumias [pl. 34] and Olenellus [pls. 34-39] 1s expanded and convex when found in a matrix favorable to preserving the con- vexitv. Most specimens have been found in shales which accounts for the flattening of the lobe and the fracturing of the test not onl; of the lobe but of the adjoining parts of the cephalon. The expan- sion of the anterior lobe of the glabella in the genera Mesonacis, Elliptocephala, Holmia, Wanneria, Pedewmias, and Olenellus indi- cates that these genera are of later origin than Nevadia, and this conclusion is strengthened by the evidence afforded by a comparison of the thorax of the genera. Callavia has the primitive glabella, but its thorax indicates a later origin than the genera Nevadia, Mesonacis, and Elliptocephala. Another interesting character of the anterior lobe is the presence in O. logani [pl. 41, fig. 9] of a faint furrow that extends inward a short distance from the point where the anterior margin of the pal- pebral ridges joins the anterior glabellar lobe; this pair of furrows indicates that the lobe is formed of two segments of the original primitive cephalon.* The palpebral segment is beautifully shown by the young of Elliptecephala asaphoides [pl. 25, figs. 9 and Io]. Hypostoma.—The hypostoma has a convex central body that is narrowed posteriorly by grooves that separate the body from a trans- verse posterior portion on which maculz may be present. It may be attached directly to the anterior doublure of the cephalon or by a narrow process [pl. 34, figs. 5-7]. Minute specimens of the hy- postoma of Wanneria halli [pl. 31, fig. 9] show a perforated, flattened marginal border on the posterior and postero-lateral sides. As the hypostoma increases in size the outer rim disappears and the test between the lobes forms a denticulated margin as in Pedeumiuas transitans [pl. 34, fig. 7]. The next development is the absorption of the thickened points and the formation of true spines [pl. 34, fig. 5]. This type of hypostoma is found in Elliptocephala asaphoides [pl. 24, fig. 8], Holmia kjerulfi [pl. 27, fig. 7], Wanneria halli [pl. 31, fig. 9], Pedeumias transitans [pl. 34, figs. 5 and 6], Olenellus gilberti [pl. 36, fig. 5], Olenellus fremonti [pl. 37, figs. 21 and 22], *This anterior pair of furrows is: shown for Paradoxides by Barrande’s illustrations of P. spinosus |Barrande, 1852, pl. 12, figs. 2, 3, and 6; and pl. 13, fig. 1] and P. pusillus [Barrande, 1872, pl. 0, fig. 23]. \ \ 244 SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS VOL. 53 Olenellus lapworthi [pl. 39, fig. 7], and Olenellus clayton [pl. 40, fig. Qi|\; The absorption of the spines and the resultant smooth margin appears to have been accomplished in Callavia broggeri [pl. 27, fig. 2], C. crosbyi [pl. 28, fig. 6], Olenellus canadensis [pl. 38, figs. 2 and 3], Holmia lundgreni [pl. 40, fig. 6], and Mesonacis torrelh [pl. 26, figs. 9 and Io]. : The hypostoma of Olenellus has the maculz clearly indicated, but none of the specimens are sufficiently well preserved to permit of making thin sections to determine its structure. Thorax.—As shown by adult specimens, the development of the thorax from Nevadia to Olenellus, inclusive, may be divided into six stages. 1. Nevadia stage: In Nevadia the thoracic segments of a uniform character follow each other from the first to the seventeenth. At the eighteenth segment an abrupt change occurs [pl. 23, figs. 1, 2, and 4]. The grooved pleural lobe disappears and a spinose exten- sion of the same general character as that attached to the anterior pleural lobes is attached directly to the side of the axial lobe of the posterior eleven segments. The dorsal shield is terminated by a very small and simple pygidium. 2. Mesonacis stage: In Mesonacis [pl. 26, fig. 1] the thoracic segments are fully developed from the first to the fourteenth. The third segment is enlarged and the fifteenth segment has a large median spine and the ten posterior segments form a distinct sub- ordinate series of small but typical segments. The smaller posterior segments are more advanced in development than the posterior seg- ments of Nevadia, but not as much so as the anterior segments an- terior to the fifteenth segment. 3. Elliptocephala stage: In Elhiptocephala the third segment is relatively larger during the earlier stages of growth in which it has been observed [pl. 24, figs. 3-5], but this disappears in the adult [pl. 24, fig. 1], leaving the segments of a uniform character back to the fourteenth where there is a series of five short segments with long median spines. Most of the series of small segments of Nevadia and Mesonacis have disappeared. 4. Holmia stage: In Holmia the 16 segments are in orderly suc- cession and of a similar character; the pygidium remains relatively small and more or less rudimentary. This is best shown by Holmia kjerulfi [pl. 27, fig. 7] and H. rowe: [pl. 20, figs. 3 and 4]. In Wanneria walcottanus a short, slender spine appears on the four- OLENELLUS AND OTHER GENERA OF MESONACID/E 245 teenth segment in fully matured dorsal shields [pl. 30, figs. 10-12] ; otherwise the segments are of the same character, except as they decrease uniformly in size to the pygidium. In Callavia brég- geri [pl. 27, fig. 1] the seventeenth and eighteenth segments are rela- tively smaller, in this respect resembling the shorter posterior seg- ments of Mesonacis and Elliptocephala. 5. Pedeunuas stage: In Pedeumias transitans [pl. 33] we find the transition stage between the stages represented by Mesonacis [pl. 26], Elliptocephala |pl. 24], and Olenellus thompsoni [pl. 35]. There are fourteen fully developed segments with the third segment enlarged and the fifteenth segment developed into a strong, long spine with the pleural lobes of the segment absent. Beneath and back of the large spine there are from two to six rudimentary seg- ments without pleural lobes, and a simple plate-like pygidium. 6. Olenellus stage: Fourteen fully developed segments, a large third segment, and the fifteenth segment a strong terminal telson; posterior rudimentary segments and true pygidium of the Pedeumias stage absorbed [pl. 35, fig. 1] or the rudimentary segments and pygidium have disappeared and the large median spine of Pedeumias has become the telson of Olenellus. Olenellus is the last genus of the Olenellus branch of the Mesona- cide to develop, and from Pedeumias transitans we find evidence that it has passed through the Holmia stage [pl. 32, figs. 2 and 3] and the Fedeumias stage [pl. 33] before becoming a true Olenellus. The enlarged third segment of Olenellus [pl. 35, fig. 1] also occurs in Mesonacis [pl. 26, fig. 1] and in the younger stages of growth of Elliptocephala [pl. 24, figs. 3-5]. In Olenelloides [pl. 40, fig. 3] both the third and sixth segments are enlarged. The catise of the enlargement and prolongation of the third segment is unknown. In Parado.xides the pleurz of the second segment are elongated in small specimens of several species [Barrande, 1852, pl. Io, fig. 25; pl. 12, figs. 5-7; and pl. 13, fig. 16]. Peachella——We know nothing of the thorax of Peachella |pl. 40, figs. 17-19], but from the cephalon it. is probable that it was of the Olenellus type. Olenelloides.—The thorax and large cephalon of Olenelloides [pl. 40, fig. 3] indicates a degenerate type and a stage of growth beyond which the animal could not develop. For the present it may be placed as a degenerate of the Olenellus stage of development. Pygidium.—The pygidium is a simple transverse plate in the protaspis stage and it is not strongly developed in any genus and Ni 246 SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS VOL. 53 species of the Mesonacidze. It is very small, essentially rudimentary, and its segmentation is limited to one transverse ring on the median lobe [pl. 29, fig. 11]. The telson of Olenellus is not considered to be a true pygidium. It resembles the telson of Limulus, but this resemblance does not necessarily indicate that Olenellus was the ancestor of Limulus; its origin does, however, indicate the manner in which the telson of Limulus may have originated. DELIMITATION. OF GENERA The cephalon in all genera of the Mesonacidz is so nearly similar that only specific differences appear to be present, except in Newadia and Callavia, which have a small anterior glabellar lobe. The modi- fications of the thorax are largely taken as the basis for generic separation. The pygidium is essentially the same in all of the genera. Nevadia.—N evadia [pl. 23] is characterized by the presence of small, simple segments (primitive segments) on the posterior portion of the thorax that have not been developed to the same degree as the segments anterior to them. In the type Nevadia weeksi the posterior eleven primitive segments have cnly the axial lobe and a spinose continuation on each side [pl. 23, figs. 1, 2, and 4]; the grooved pleural lobe of the seventeen more specialized anterior seg- ments is not present. The spinose extensions of the posterior seg- ments are proportionally much rounder and smaller than those of the anterior seventeen segments. As far as known the posterior thoracic spines of Elliptocephala [pl. 24, figs. 1 and 9] and the great spine of the fifteenth segment of Wanneria [pl. 30, fig. 11] and Mesonacis [pl. 26, fig. 1] were not developed in Nevadia. The only species referred to Nevadia is N. weeksi Walcott. Mesonacis.—This form [pl. 26, fig. 1] is essentially the same as Elliptocephala, but it has an enlarged third segment in the adult and a strong spine on the fifteenth segment. The posterior contracted segments are also of a different character. In Mcesonacis they are similar to those anterior to the fifteenth segment, while in Ellipto- cephala asaphoides they lose the long-curved pleura so characteristic of the anterior thirteen segments. The posterior ten segments may be said to be [pl. 26, figs. 1, 2, and 3] less developed, proportionally than the anterior segments, although possessing a well-defined furrowed pleural lobe. A trace of this character is also preserved in Callavia bréggeri [pl. 27, fig. 1] where the two posterior thoracic segments are proportionally smaller than the anterior segments. OLENELLUS AND OTHER GENERA OF MESONACIDZ 2477 The species referred to Mesonacis are: M. vermontana (Hall), M. mickwitzt (Schmidt), and MW. torrelli (Moberg). Elliptocephala.—In Elliptocephala [pl. 24, figs. 1, 2, and g] the posterior five segments are more highly developed than the primitive segments of Nevadia, but not as much so as the segments anterior to them. The abrupt narrowing of the thorax of Elliptocephala is of the same type as that shown by Mesonacis [pl. 26, fig. 1], but it does not have the large third segment in the adult stage or the great Spine on the fifteenth segment. The one species referred to Elliptocephala is E. asaphoides Emmons. Callavia.—Callavia [ pl. 27, fig. 1; pl. 28, figs. 4 and 8] has a trace of the constricted pleurze of the posterior portion of the thorax in the two last segments; these are of the same type as the anterior segments. The broad thorax of Callavia with the falcate extensions of the pleurz are quite unlike the narrow thorax of Holmia [pl. 27, fig. 7] with its spinose pleural extensions. There are differences of importance in the cephalon as compared with Holmia. The glabella of Callavia is narrower and more primitive and its intergenal spine is less primitive. The pleural furrow of Callavia is narrow and oblique like that of Paradoxides, while the pleural furrow of Holmia and Wanneria [pl. 30] is broad and straight like that of all other known genera of the Mesonacidee. It is doubtful if Callavia should precede Holmia, but from its primitive glabella and the retaining of two shortened thoracic segments it appears to be nearer Elliptoce ph- ala than does Holmuia. The species referred: to Callawia are: C. bicensis Walcott, C. broggerit (Walcott), C. burri Walcott, C. callaveit (Lapworth), C. cartlandi (Raw), C. crosbyi Walcott, and C. nevadensis Walcott. Holmia.—olmia [pl. 27, fig. 7] with its uniform series of seg- ments and simple plate-like pygidium appears to represent a stage in the development of the Mesonacide that followed the Ellipto- cephala-Mesonacis stages. It has lost the rudimentary thoracic seg- ments of Nevada, it is without the large third segment of the adult Olenellus and Mesonacis, and it is not known to have had an en- larged third segment at any stage of growth. The posterior segments do not show the restricted character of those posterior to the fif- teenth spine bearing segment of Mesonacis, or the rudimentary form of the posterior segments of Pedcumias. The species referred to Holmia are: H. kjerulfi (Linnarsson), H. lundgrent (Moberg), and H. rowei Walcott. 248 SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS VOL. 53 Wanneria—Wanneria [pl. 30] has a uniform series of thoracic segments with the pleure terminating in broad falcate extensions beyond the body line [pl. 30, fig. 1] instead of spinose ends as in Holmia [pl. 27, fig. 7]. It has a great median spine on the fifteenth segment, much like that of Mesonacis [pl. 26, fig. 1] and Pedewmias transitans [pl. 33]. The posterior segments are not rudimentary as in the latter species. For comparison with Callavia see above. The species referred to Wanneria are: W. walcottanus (Wanner), W. gracile Walcott, and W. halli Walcott. Pedeumias.—The posterior rudimentary thoracic segments of Pe- deumias transitans [pl. 33] appear to be the result of the absorption of the posterior segments of a many segmented ancestor and are unlike the rudimentary posterior segments of Nevadia, which I think are the originally less developed segments and which re- cord a stage in the early evolution of the Mesonacidz that has not been found in any other known species. The pygidium is also rudi- mentary. The distinctive characters of the genus are in the presence of the rudimentary segments and pygidium. The only species referred to Pedeumias is P. transitans Walcott. Olenellus—That Olenellus [pls. 37-39] should result from the great development of the median spine on the fifteenth segment and the absorption of the posterior rudimentary segments and pygidium of its Mesonacis stage of development [pl. 33] is of great interest, as it proves it to be the last phase of development of this line of the Mesonacide. Olenellus thompsoni passes through a Holmuia [pl. 32, figs. 1-3] and Pedeunuas stage [pl. 33] before bécoming a true Olenellus. The American species referred to Olenellus are: O. thompson Hall and its variety crassimarginatus Walcott, O. gilberti Meek and an undetermined variety, O. fremonti Walcott, O. canadensis Wal- cott. O. claytoni Walcott, O. argentus Walcott, and O. walcotti (Shaler and Foerste). The European species are: O. gigas Peach, O. lapworthi Peach, O. reticulatus Peach, and Olenellus 2 sp. undt. Peachella.—Peachella |p\. 40, figs. 17-19] is known only by its cephalon. This indicates a type related to Wanneria gracile [pl. 38, figs. 21 and 22] or the younger stages of growth of Olenellus canadensis [pl. 38, fig. 6]. It is probable that the thorax and py- gidium will be found to be much like that of Olenellus. The only species known 1s P. iddingsi (Walcott). Olenelloides.—Olenelloides is clearly defined by its large cephalon and primitive thorax and pygidium. OLENELLUS AND OTHER GENERA OF MESONACIDE= 249 DEVELOPMENT OF MESONACID/ The development of the Mesonacide from some annelidian-like ancestor by the gradual combination of segments to form the cepha- lon and pygidium is indicated by the examples cited of Nevadia, Elliptocephala, Holmia, and Pedeumias. The cephalon, as we know it, was developed in pre-Cambrian time, also the pleural lobes of the thorax. The compact, strong pygidium, made up of many seg- ments, does not occur in the Mesonacide, and is unknown in any trilobite from the beds of the Lower Cambrian in which the simplest form of the Lower Cambrian trilobites (Nevadia weeksi) occurs. With my present information I am inclined to think that Parado.x- ides descended through the Callavia-Wanneria line, rather than the Mesonacis-Olenellus line. The latter line expended its force and became extinct in Lower Cambrian time, leaving no descendant to pass into the Middle Cambrian. Diagrammatically represented my present conclusion as to the development of the known genera of the Mesonacide is as follows, beginning with Nevadia at the base. MIppLe CAMBRIAN PARADOXIDES Wanneria Peachella Ollenelloides | | ae re | Holmia Olenellus | pai Callavia Pzedeumias \ LOWER CAMBRIAN| \ Hiliprocephala Mesonacis ee ‘Nevadia | | PRE-CAMBRIAN | r The presence of a Holmia-like species (H. rowet) with Nevadia in the oldest known horizon of the Mesonacidz indicates that more primitive forms of the Nevadia type existed at an earlier epoch before Holmia was developed by the absorption of the simple pos- terior segments of its Nevadian progenitor. 250 SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS VOL. 53 Mesonacis occurs in association with Olenellus, but I think that Mesonacis-like forms developed at an early epoch and that Mesonacis vermontana 1s a survival of a stage in the evolution of Olenellus that preceded Elliptocephala and Pedeunuas. One of the conclusions resulting from this study of the Mesonacide is that we know only a few of the representatives of the family, and of these only a very few showing the younger stages of growth, and the entire dorsal shield. MESONACIDA AND PARADOXINZ# The family Mesonacide is distinguished from the Paradoxine mainly by the presence in the latter of free cheeks separable on the line of the facial sutures from the cranidium. In the Mesonacidee the facial sutures are in a state of symphysis and the free cheeks and cranidium are frequently not to be distinguished. STRATIGRAPHIC POSITION OF THE GENERA AND SPECIES All of the known species of the Mesonacidz occur in the Lower Cambrian or Georgian terrane. At the type locality in the town of Georgia, Vermont, Olenellus and Mesonacis occur in the same beds, and as far as known to me all known species of Olenellus, as restricted, are from the upper zones of the Georgian terrane. In the accompanying table of genera and species the Lower Cam- brian is arbitrarily divided into four divisions or zones, as follows: D=Olenellus, or upper zone. C=Callavia zone. B=Elliptocephala zone. A= Nevadia, or lower zone. In the Nevadia zone (A) we find the genus Nevadia |pl. 23] with one species, also a species that is referred to Holmia, H. rowet [pl. 29]. In zone “B” which is above zone “A” Elliptocephala occurs, also, doubtfully, Wanneria and Olenellus. In zone “C” which is high up in the Lower Cambrian, but not the upper zone, Callavia is represented by five species, Mesonacis by two, Holmia by two, Olenellus by one, and two are doubtfully re- ferred to this horizon. In zone “D” Olenellus is represented by eleven species, Pe- deumias by one, Wanneria by two, Callavia by one, and Mesonacis by one. OLENELLUS AND OTHER GENERA OF MESONACID/E 251 Lower CAMBRIAN. GENERA AND SPECIES. A! B! ci D! INGE EETG IASI 7 ea Pe i a ae WMEGKSU; MEW SPECIES 0a chide ck sieidis ciel clea eels eo X PIO GE PMGIAD ISININONSs, ss seis Aticke tase ela Sake ec eg [os hreteeess a PEPER INeS ECCTSERUDEAS, bao S ees ole nigiysd wad = x ese. || ove wk % me SONCGIS: NVAlCOttl. 220. ace maces: 336 LS a cIU SIE ted KE CrcRe BenIChiOtE2 (CC OGHMICE )ines~ Secnntisn Sanaa as aborted OOD WHESOMCAS. LORI, (ONION ETE.) i. 2a. o oie 13 Width of axial lobe eighteenth segment...........: Pony carat 9 Width of pleural lohe; anterior seoments... 0.0. 60546 eee he ie 20 Width of pleural lobe, eighteenth segment...................2000- 3 Pygidium: [APs yon hd oa ges Bg a RR a PA a ea about 6 Witithenaie trOnieeee: otey cae mere tie iy eee, ERs Je ee 13 274. SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS VOL. 53 The preceding description is based on adult flattened specimens of E. asaphoides Emmons, as shown by fig. 1, pl. 24. In uncompressed cephalons and dorsal shield from a limestone matrix [figs. 3-7, pl. 24], the convexity is greater and the relief of the surface stronger. FoRMATION AND LocaLiry.—Lower Cambrian: Greenwich forma- tion [Dale, 1904, pp. 29, 43, and 50, and pl. I] in thin-bedded lime- stones interbedded in siliceous shales at the following localities: (35b)* adjoining the house of D. W. Reed on the roadside near the Old Reynolds Inn, 1 mile (1.6 km.) west of North Greenwich; (35) western side of D. W. Reed’s farm, 1.5 miles (2.4 km.) north of Bald Mountain; (36a) on the roadside about 3 miles (4.8 km.) northeast of North Greenwich; (33) on the roadside near Rock Hill Schoolhouse No. 8 in Greenwich Township; (33b) 1.5 miles (2.4km.) east-southeast of North Greenwich; (34) a little west of the bridge over the Poultney River at Low Hampton; (45b) on the roadside 70 rods east of Bristol’s house at Low Hampton; (36) 1 mile (1.6 km.) south of Shushan in the town of Jackson, 3.5 miles (5.6 km.) north of Cambridge; (38) .25 mile (.4 km.) north of John Hulett’s farmhouse, 3 miles (4.8 km.) west of South Gran- ville; (38a) 2 miles south of North Granville on the road which turns south from the road running between that village and Truth- ville; and (37) 1.5 miles (2.4 km.) south of Salem; all in Washing- ton County, New York. (29a) limestone 1 mile (1.6 km.) below the New York Central Railroad depot at Schodack Landing; and (27) even-bedded and conglomerate limestones on the ridge in the eastern suburb of Troy; both in Rensselaer County, New York. (32) sandstone on the south slope of Stissing Mountain, Dutchess County, New York. Genus CALLAVIA Matthew Olenellus WaAtcotr (in part) [not HAti], 1866, Bulli. U. S. Geol. Survey, No. 30, pp. 162-166. (Described and discussed. As discussed the genus includes forms now referred not only to Olenellus, but to Callavia, Elliptocephala, and Peachella.) Olcnellus Waucotr (in part) [not Hat], 1891, Tenth Ann. Rept. U. S. Geol. Survey. pp. 633-635. (As discussed the genus includes forms now referred to both Olenellus and Callavia.) Cephalacanthus LavwortH (in part) [not LaAckPEpE], 1891, Tenth Ann. Rept. U. S. Geol. Survey, by Chas. D. Walcott, p. 641. (Proposed as a new genus to include Olenellus kjcrulfi, O. bréggeri, and O. callavei. The name was, however, preoccupied by Lacépéde, 1802, Hist. Nat. Ross, Viol.’3\ 4p. 323.) ‘This is the Reynolds Inn locality of Emmons and Fitch. OLENELLUS AND OTHER GENERA OF MESONACID/E 275 Cephalacanthus LApwortH (in part), 1891, Geological Magazine, Dec. 3, Vol. 8, p. 531. (Gives reasons for proposing the genus. The reference to the original place of publication of Cephalacanthus is given as “ Geol. Mag., 1888, p. 641” it should be “ Tenth Ann. Rept. U. S. Geol. Survey, by Chas. D. Walcott, 18901, p. 641.” ) Holmia Peacu and Horne (in part), 1892, Quart. Journ. Geol. Soc. Lon- don, Vol. 48, p. 236. (As defined this genus includes forms now re- ferred to both Holmia and Callavia. ) Holmia (Olenellus) Pracu (in part), 1894, Idem, Vol. 50, pp. 671-674. (As discussed in these pages this genus includes forms now referred to both Holmia and Callavia. ) Callavia MatrHEew, 1897, American Geologist, Vol. I9, p. 397, footnote. (Generic name proposed to include “Olenellus bréggeri” Walcott and “ Olenellus callavii” Lapworth on account of the glabella differing from that of “ Olenellus (Holmia) kjerulfi.”’) Holmia Moserc (in part), 1899, Geol. Foren. i Stockholm Foérhandl., Bd. 21, Hafte 4, pp. 314 and 318. (As characterized the genus includes two species now placed under Callavia. ) Dorsal shield broad ovate, moderately convex; cephalon broad, semicircular ; marginal rim broad and continued into genal spines; posterior margin with a strong, short intergenal spine just within the genal angle and the rudimentary facial suture. Facial sutures rudimentary or in a condition of synthesis back of the eye, but not observed in front of the eye. Eye lobes narrow, elongate-crescentiform. Glabella clavate-elongate, with the large anterior lobe contracting toward the front. The three posterior lobes are not strongly defined, the occipital ring has a strong median spine extending back over the thorax. Hypostoma convex, broad in front, narrowing to the broadly rounded, smooth posterior margin; crossed within the narrow pos- terior margin by a sulcus subparallel to the margin, also a flattened . ridge anterior to which a strong groove is outlined on each side; antennal furrows, + +, fig. 2, pl. 27, gently arched inward on the lateral margins. Thorax with fifteen to eighteen segments. Axial lobe convex, with an elongate node or spine at the center. Pleural lobes broad and passing gradually into the broad, curved extensions of each seg- ment ; pleural furrows extending from the side of the axial lobe out to the beginning of the curved terminations of the pleure. Pygidium small, transverse, and with a transverse groove near the anterior margin; lateral lobes not developed. Surface minutely granular and with irregular network of very narrow, irregular anastomosing ridges. Genotype.—Olenellus (Holmia) broggeri Walcott. 270 SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS VOL. 53 Stratigraphic range-—Lower Cambrian (Georgian) terrane in a zone about 75 feet thick that is 270 feet below the zone of Paradox- ides hicksi [Walcott, 1891, pp. 260-261]. Caliavia bréggeri occurs in numbers 2 and 4 of the section. Geographic distridution.—Atlantic Coast Province, Callavia brég- geri occurs about the head of Conception Bay, Newfoundland, and C. crosbyt and C. burri in eastern Massachusetts near Weymouth. Callavia callavei Lapworth is from central Shropshire, England. Observations.—Moberg [1899, p. 318, footnote] called attention to the variation of Holmia broggeri Walcott, H. callacvei Lapworth, and H. lundgrent Moberg from Holmia kjerulf Linnarsson, and raised the question as to whether they should not form a new genus or subgenus. With the new material furnished by Callavia crosbyi, a form closely related to C. bréggeri Walcott, formerly referred to Holmia, and by Holmia rowei Walcott, I decided to group Olenellus (Holmia) broggeri Walcott [1891], Olenellus callavei Lapworth [1891, pp. 530-536], and the two species described in this paper as Callavia crosbyi and C. burri under a new genus. Later I found (hidden away in a footnote’) that Dr. G. F. Matthew had proposed the name Callavia to include the same species on account of the char- acter of the glabella. Callavia broggeri [pl. 27, fig. 1] differs from Holmia kjerulfi Lin- narsson [pl. 27, fig. 7], the genotype of Holama, in having the first lobe of the glabella constricted in front instead of expanded; in the presence of a strong occipital spine, and in having broad, sickle- shaped extensions of the pleure [fig. 6] instead of sharp, spine-like terminations as in H. kjerulfi [fig. 7]. The glabella appears to be of a more primitive type than that of Holmia, in this respect resembling the glabella of Nevadia [pl. 23, fig. 3], and that of the young of Elliptocephala [pl. 25, figs. 13 and 14]. Callavia has the intergenal spines in the adult close to the genal spines, and forming a part of the posterior margin of the cephalon, instead of a distinct spine crossing it half way between the glabella and genal spine, as in Holmia. Comparing Callavia and Holmia as to the stages of development shown by their various parts, we find that the glabella of Callavia is more primitive, the intergenal spine and pleurz less primitive. The comparisons between Callavia and Wamnneria are made under observations on the former genus [p. 247]. Matthew, 1897, p. 397, footnote. , 7% OLENELLUS AND OTHER GENERA OF MESONACIDZE 277 CALLAVIA BICENSIS, new species PLATE 41, FIGS. 9, 9A Cephalon longitudinally, broadly semi-elliptical; strongly convex, with the eye lobes and front lobe of the glabella rising abruptly from the cheeks; marginal border slightly rounded and separated from the cheeks by a shallow, rounded groove; it broadens somewhat at the genal angles, where it is prolonged into spines; the posterior marginal border is narrow and convex beside the occipital ring, from whence it flattens out and broadens before uniting with the border at the genal angle; an oblique thickening occurs where the low ridge extending from the posterior end of the eye crosses the margin. Glabella with a large, convex anterior lobe that rises abruptly from the narrow space between it and the anterior marginal border ; this lobe has two short and slightly defined furrows on each side that originate near the front margin of the palpebral ridge ; the posterior of the two furrows extends inward on a line almost directly across the lobe and the anterior furrow extends inward subparallel to the rounded lateral margin of the lobe; a narrow, low ridge extends all about the front of the lobe very much in the same manner as a similar ridge in Callavia crosbyi [pl. 28, fig. 1] ; the posterior lateral angles of the lobe are connected to the palpebral lobe by a strong, rounded ridge; the second glabellar lobe is narrow and arched slightly backward at each end so as to nearly enclose the ends of the third lobe, which is thus shortened, but it is still transversely longer than the fourth lobe; the fourth lobe is transversely shorter than the second and third, also a little wider; the second, third, and fourth lobes all arch backward, and are very faintly defined across the center of the glabella. The glabella is narrow at the base, ex- panding to where it unites with the palpebral lobe, from whence it contracts toward its front margin; this gives an outline some- what similar to that of Callavia bréggeri [pl. 27, fig. 1]. Occipital ring about the same width and Jength as the fourth glabellar lobe; it is marked by a small median node that rises from its highest point at the posterior margin. Palpebral lobes narrow, elevated, and gently arched from their connection to the first glabellar lobe to opposite the glabellar furrow between the occipital ring and fourth elabellar lobe ; the posterior end of the lobe is about as far from the side of the glabella as the width of the fourth glabellar lobe; the palpebral lobes, although elevated, do not rise to the level of the 4—w 278 SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS VOL. 53 median line of the glabella; they slope rather abruptly inward to the nearly flat interpalpebral area. Visual surface of eye narrow and arching around beneath the outer margin of the palpebral lobe. Cheeks of medium width and sloping rapidly, with a gentle curva- ture, from the base of the eye and the anterior glabellar lobe to the intermarginal furrow; a facial suture is indicated back of the eye by a narrow ridge extending from the posterior end of the eye obliquely outward and backward so as to cross the posterior mar- ginal border obliquely about two-thirds of the distance from the occipital ring to the genal angle. The portions of the thorax preserved show that the thoracic seg- ments had a strongly arched axial lobe with a median spine on each segment ; the pleural lobes are relatively short and of the same char- acter as those of Callavia crosbyi [pl. 28, fig. 4] ; the pleural furrow is rather broad next to the axial lobe, from whence it narrows out to the rather short falcate termination. The segments shown on the specimen illustrated belong to the middle portion of the thorax; several of the other segments have been crowded up beneath the cephalon, as shown by the breaking away of a portion of the cheek. Surface of the cephalon and of thoracic segments ornamented by an extremely fine network of raised ridges, such as characterize the surface of C. crosby1 [pl. 28, fig. 7]. There is also ayseties oi yen fine irregular ridges radiating from the base of the eye and anterior lobe of the glabella outward to the intermarginal furrow. Dimensions.—The type specimen of a cephalon has a length of 13 mm., with a width of Ig mm. The proportions of other parts of the cephalon are illustrated by fig. 9, pl. 41, which is based on a photograph enlarged two diameters. Observations.—This species is described from a single specimen found in the conglomerate limestone at Bic. It shows an entire cephalon and several of the middle segments of the thorax. The illustration is drawn from a cast made in the natural matrix from which the specimen was broken in breaking the limestone. Numer- ous fragments of large thoracic segments similar to those of Callavia bréggert were found in the same boulder of limestone, but there were no traces of the cephalon except bits of the cheeks and palpebral lobes. The ends of the pleurz are illustrated by figs. 10 and Ioa, plow: Callavia bicensis differs from C. crosbyi in the outline of the cephalon and glabella, proportions of palpebral lobes, glabella, and cheeks. It does not have the great occipital spine of C. brdggeri or the tapering, conical glabella of C. burri [pl. 28, fig. o]. OLENELLUS AND OTHER GENERA OF MESONACID® 279 The associated fossils are Micromitra nisus Walcott, Botsfordia celata (Hall), Hyolithes, Discinella, fragments of large species of Callavia, and Protypus sp. (?) FORMATION AND LocaLity.—Lower Cambrian (2r) a@ limestone boulder enclosed in a conglomerate of probable Upper Cambrian age, im a railroad cut 2 miles (3.2 km.) west of the railroad station at Bic, Province of Quebec, Canada. CALLAVIA BROGGERI Walcott PLATE 27, Fics. 1-6 Olenellus bréggeri WaAtcort, 1888, Name proposed at exhibition of speci- mens at the International Geological Congress, London. Olenellus bréggeri Watcott, 1888, Nature, Vol. 38, p. 551. (Name used in geologic section. ) Olenellus (Mesonacis) bréggeri Watcott, 1889, American Journ. Sci., 3d ser., Vol. 37, pp. 378-380. (Description of localities and horizon in geological section). Olenellus (Mesonacis) bréggeri Watcott, 1890, Proc. U. S. National Museum, Vol. 12, p. 41. (Describes species and compares it with other species of Olenellus.) Holmia ? breggeri (Walcott), MArcou, 1890, American Geologist, Vol. 5, pp. 370-371. (Contends that this species is not a true Olenellus, and refers it tentatively to Holmua.) Olenellus (Holmia) broggeri Watcort, 1891, Tenth Ann. Rept. U. S. Geol. Survey, pp. 638-640, pl. 91, fig. 1; pl. 92, figs. 1, ta-h. (Described and discussed. Figure 1, pl. 92, is copied in this paper, pl. 27, fig. 1, and pl. 44, fig. 4. Figures 1c, 1d, Ie (in part), 1g, and th, pl. 92, are copied in this paper, pl. 27, figs. 5, 6, 2, 4, and 3 respectively. ) Cephalacanthus bréggeri LApwortH, 1891, Tenth Ann. Rept. U. S. Geol. Survey, by Chas. D. Walcott, p. 641. (Compared with “ Cephalacanthus callavei.” ) Callavia bréggeri MATTHEW, 1897, American Geologist, Vol. 19, p. 397, footnote. (New genus proposed.) Olenellus (Holmia) breggeri (Walcott), Pomprcky, 1901, Zeitschr. Deutschen geol. Gesellsch., Vol. 53, Heft 2, pl. 1, fig. 10. (Mentioned frequently on pages 14-17 in a discussion of the relations between Olenopsis and various genera of the Mesonacidae. Figure 10 is copied from Walcott, 1891, pl. 91, fig. I.) Olenellus bréggeri (Walcott), BERNARD, 1894, Quart. Journ. Geol. Soc. London, Vol. 50, p. 423. ._ (Calls attention to the occipital spine as a modification of the “ dorsal organ” of Apus.) Holmia bréggeri (Walcott), PeAacu, 1894, Idem, pp. 672 and 673. (Refers to this species in discussion of Olenellus.) Not Olenellus (Holmia) bréggeri Burr, 1900, American Geologist, Vol. 25, pp. 43-45. (Referred in this paper to Callavia crosbyi.) Not Olenellus (Holmia) bréggeri GRABAU, 1900, Occasional Papers, Bos- ton Soc. Nat. Hist., No. 4, Vol. 1, pt. 3, pp. 662-664, pl. 33, figs. Ia-j. (Referred in this paper to Callavia crosbyi.) 280 SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS VOL. 53 The new material of this species that has been added to our collection since the specific description was published in 1891 [ Wal- cott, pp. 638-641] shows that the intergenal spines of a small ceph- alon 5 mm. in length are long and slender, and extend a little beyond the points of the genal spines. The glabellar furrows are very faint and the occipital spine slender. The generic relations of the species have been discussed under the genus Callavia [p. 276]. ForMATION AND LocaLiry.—Lower Cambrian: (41) sandstone’ in a railroad cut 1 mile (1.6 km.) west of the Manuels Brook rail- way bridge; (7) a decomposed arenaceous limestone 1,200 feet (366 m.) west of the railway bridge mentioned in 41; in railway cuts 300 feet (QI m.) west (5p), 1 mile (1.6 km.) west (5s), and 1.5 miles (2.4 km.) west (5r) of Manuel Station; (41a) a compact, thin-bedded limestone beneath Topsail Head; (42) a horizon nearly corresponding to the base of the Manuels Brook section, on Brigus Head; and at (5t and 5u) slightly different horizons* on Redrock Point, near Chapple Cove, Hollywood Point; all on Conception Bay, Newfoundland. (5n) shale on Smith Point in Smith Sound, Trinity Bay, New- foundland. CALLAVIA BURRI, new species PLATE 28, Fics. 9-10 Olenellus sp. Burr, 1900, American Geologist, Vol. 25, p. 45. (Notes occurrence of an unidentified species of Olenellus.) Olenellus sp. GRABAU, 1900, Occasional Papers, Boston Soc. Nat. Hist., No. 4, Vol. I, pt. 3, pp. 665-667, pl. 34, figs. Ia-b. (Described as possibly belonging to a new subgenus of Olenellus. The specimen represented by figure Ia is redrawn in this paper, pl. 28, fig. 9.) Cephalon semicircular in outline, moderately convex in its fine, quartzitic sandstone matrix ; bordered by a moderately broad, slightly convex rim that is separated from the cheeks by a faintly defined furrow; genal angles, as now known, extended in small, short, flat- tened spines; posterior border narrow and rounded next to the occipital ring and gradually widening to where it curves into the outer border at the genal angle; it has a slight undulation midway of its length, but is not interrupted by the crossing of the ridges of intergenal spines; intermarginal furrow narrow and slightly de- *See the section given by Walcott [1891b, pp. 260-261] for the stratigraphic position of the species in the section on Manuels Brook. * Locality No. 5u is about 175 feet higher than 5t, which is 20 feet above the base of the section. OLENELLUS AND OTHER GENERA OF MESONACIDZ&® 281 pressed. Glabella convex, conical, and strongly lobed; dorsal furrow shallow and interrupted about the anterior lobe by a very narrow second furrow that separates a narrow ridge from the glabella; the anterior lobe of the glabella tapers from the base toward the narrowly rounded front and its hase is broadly wedge shaped, owing to the backward slope of the anterior pair of furrows; the second and third lobes are united about the ends of the second pair of furrows, while the fourth lobe is clearly defined by the occipital furrow ; occipital ring convex, of uniform width, and without a median node or spine. Palpebral lobe united to the postero-lateral base of the anterior glabellar lobe by a narrow ridge; it is about one-third the length of the cephalon, and at its posterior end it is distant about one-half of its length from the glabella; opposite its posterior end and adjoining the dorsal furrow next to the end of the fourth glabellar lobe a small prominent tubercle breaks the sur- face of the area within the palpebral lobe. Cheeks gently convex and divided only by a narrow intergenal ridge that extends from the base of the palpebral lobe diagonally outward to the posterior marginal border about midway of its length. ; Surface-—The surface is similar to that of Callavia crosbyt, ex- cept that the meshes of the reticulated network of narrow ridges are somewhat finer and more like those of the right side of fig. 7, pl. 28, than the meshes on the left side. Dimensions—A cephalon 24 mm. in length has a width at the base of 47 mm. Length of glabella 17 mm.; width of glabella at base 10 mm. Width of glabella at base of anterior lobe inside the narrow outer ridge 7 mm, Length of palpebral lobe 8 mm. Distance of palpebral lobe from glabella at anterior end 2 mm.; at posterior end 6 mm. Observations.—Of this species only a few specimens of the ceph- alon are known. Its outline is similar to that of Callavia crosbyi, except that in the specimens thus far seen the genal spines are very much smaller, and there is no evidence of an intergenal spine. The marginal rim is less distinctly defined than in C. crosbyt; the palpe- bral lobes are shorter ; and the glabella proportionally shorter, more conical, and more distinctly lobed. Callavia burn differs from C. bréggeri as it does from C. crosbyi, and it does not have the great occipital spine of the former species. FORMATION AND LocaLity.—Lower Cambrian: (gn) associated with Callavia crosbyi in the dark, purplish siliceous shale of the Weymouth formation on Pearl Street, North Weymouth, Norfolk County, Massachusetts. 282 SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS VOLE 53 CALLAVIA CALLAVEI (Lapworth) PLATE 42, Fics. 1-2 Olenellus callavei LApWorTH, 1888, Geological Magazine, new series, Dec. 3, Vol. 5, p. 485. (Name proposed.) Olenellus callavei LAPWoRTH, 1888, Nature, Vol. 30, p. 212. (Copy of pre- ceding reference. ) Olenellus (Holmia) calevi (Lapworth), Watcort, 1891, Tenth Ann. Rept. U. S. Geol. Survey, p. 635. (Refers species to Holmia as result of having seen specimens of it.) Cephalacanthis callavei LAPworTH, 1891, Tenth Ann. Rept. U. S. Geol. Survey, by Chas. D. Walcott, pp. 640-641. (Compared with “ Cephala- canthus bréggeri” and “ C. kjerulfi.” ) Olenellus (Holimia) caliavei LAPwortH, 1891, Geological Magazine, Dec. 3, Vol. 8, pp. 530-536, pl. 14, figs. 1-25, and pl. 15. (Described and dis- cussed, with special reference to its relations to Olenellus kjerulfi and O. bréggeri.) Olenellus (Holmia) callavei (Lapworth), Corr, 1892, Natural Science, Vol. I, pp. 344 and 345. (Discussed. ) Callavia callavii MatrHEew, 1897, American Geologist, Vol. 10, p. 307, footnote. (New genus proposed.) Dr. Lapworth gives a very full description and illustration of the fragments representing this species, and a diagrammatic restoration based apparently on my restored figure of C. brdggeri [ Walcott, 1891, pl. 91, fig. 1]. Callavia callavei differs from C. bréggeri in its stronger genal and intergenal spines and shorter occipital spine, form of the glabella, and lateral extensions of the pleure. It may be that other differences will appear if better specimens become available for comparison, or as the two species are very closely related, it may be found that they are specifically more nearly identical than now seems probable. FORMATION AND LocaALiry.—Lower Cambrian: near the base of the Comley sandstone (Hollybush series) in a purplish-red arena- ceous limestone, Comley quarry, on the flanks of Little Caradoc, near Church Stretton, Central Shropshire, England. CALLAVIA CARTLANDI Raw, MSS. PLATE 42, FIGS. 3-4 Olenellus (Holmia?) cartlandi Raw, 1909, MSS. received from Mr. Frank Raw, University of Birmingham, England, December 17, 1909. This species is founded on a single specimen found loose in the quarry at Comley in Shropshire. It occurs on a characteristic piece of chocolate and green limestone of the Callavia callavei bed of the quarry that has been subjected to considerable abrasion and weath- OLENELLUS AND OTHER GENERA OF MESONACIDZ 283 ering. The two photographs of the specimen show the characters of the species, and as Mr. Raw will soon publish a detailed descrip- tion, I will only quote from his manuscript the comparisons made with the closely allied and associated species C. callavei Lapworth to show how it differs from the latter species: Head. (1) The head is much broader in proportion. (2) It is greatly produced in a postero-lateral direction, this part of the cheeks being very extensive. (3) The posterior margin of the cheeks are wavy in outline, quite different from the simple sigmoid curve of O. (H.) callavei. (4) The occipital furrows are stronger and less oblique. (5) There is no indication of a strong occipital spine such as in O. (H.) callavei modifies so greatly the occipital ring. Thorax. (6) The trilobation in the thorax givés vastly different proportions between axis and limbs, the former being less than half the width of the latter, the contrast being due to a great lateral extension of the pleurze in this form. (7) The outline—wavy—of the pleure is quite different, as is also their initial directions (somewhat forwards) from the axial rings. (8) The falcate extremities of the pleure are much longer and more back- wardly directed. Of these distinguishing characters, the most striking are the great relative breadth due to an extension of the limbs throughout and showing itself espe- cially in the entirely different proportion of the thoracic pleure—slender, instead of thick-set, and the shape of the pleure—wavy, of 3 curves, and starting from the axis somewhat forwards, instead of simply sigmoid and _ starting backwards. Callavia cartlandi is similar to C. burri [pl. 28, fig. 9] in not show- ing an occipital spine, or intergenal spines in its broad postero-lateral cheek, and in the narrowing of the glabella. It is not improbable that these two species will be found to represent a distinct form that may, with the discovery of better specimens, be placed under a new subgenus or genus. Callavia cartlandi differs strongly from Wanneria walcottanus [pl. 30, fig. 2] in the form of the anterior lobe of the glabella and the furrows on the pleurz of the thoracic segments. I am indebted to Mr. Frank Raw, of Birmingham University, England, for casts of the type specimens and for the opportunity to read his preliminary manuscript notes on the species. ForMATION AND LocaLiry.—Lower Cambrian: near the base of the Comley sandstone (Hollybush series) in a purplish-red arena- ceous limestone, Comley quarry, on the flanks of Little Caradoc, near Church Stretton, Central Shropshire, England. 284 SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLILECTIONS VOL. 53 CALLAVIA CROSBYI, new species PLATE 28, Fics. 1-8 Olenellus (Holmia) bréggeri Burr, 1900, American Geologist, Vol. 25, pp. 43-44. (Specimens from North Weymouth described and dis- cussed. ) Olenellus (Mesonacis) asaphoides Burr, 1900, Idem, p. 45. (Distorted specimens of the cephalon found at North Weymouth are doubtfully identified with this species and characterized. ) Olenellus (Holmia) bréggeri GRABAU, 1900, Occasional Papers Boston Soc. Nat. Hist., No. 4, Vol. 1, pt. 3, pp. 662-664, pl. 33, figs. 1a-j. (Described and discussed.) Olenellus (Mesonacis) asaphoides ? Gravau, 1900, Idem, pp. 667-660, pl. 34, figs. 2a-b. (Identification based on distorted cephalons of Callavia crosbyi. ) Metadoxides magnificus ? GRaBau, 1900, Idem, p. 670, pl. 34, figs. 4-6, (Fragments of spines referred to the species with reservation. ) Callavia crosbyi’is so similar to C. brdggeri that the description of the latter, except where the two forms differ in details, will suf- fice. These differences are: the stronger posterior marginal border ; the presence of a narrow, clearly defined ridge about the anterior glabellar lobe in C. crosbyi; a stronger, broader pleural furrow in the thorax ; and a relatively shorter extension of the pleuree beyond the end of the furrow. The pygidium of C. crosbyi is not well known, as the only specimen showing it is crushed and poorly pre- served. The hypostome [pl. 28, fig. 6, and pl. 27, fig. 2] are similar as far as known. Callavia crosbyi differs from C. burri in the outline and details of the glabella, larger palpebral lobes, and proportions of the glabella and cheeks. The surface is finely granular and beautifully ornamented with a network of fine, irregular, anastomosing ridges, as shown by fig. 7, pl. 28. On the left side the elongate meshes of the network are seen as they occur on the broad margin of the cephalon and on the right side the fine network of the cheek below the eye; this surface ex- tends over the glabella, the posterior border of the cephalon, and the thoracic segments, except on the curved extensions of the pleure where the meshes are coarser. The longest cephalon in the collection has a length of 58 mm. and width of 126 mm. This indicates that the dorsal shield attained a length of 32 cm. or more. ForRMATION AND LocaLiry.—Lower Cambrian: (gn) associated with Callavia burri in the dark, purplish siliceous shale of the Wey- mouth formation on Pearl Street, North Weymouth, Norfolk County, Massachusetts. OLENELLUS AND OTHER GENERA OF MESONACID/E 285. CALLAVIA ? NEVADENSIS, new species PLATE 38, Fics. 12-14. Olenellus gilberti Watcott (in part) [not Mrrx], 1884, Monogr. U. S. Geol. Survey, Vol. 8, p. 29, pl. 9, fig. 16, and pl. 21, fig. 13 (not fig. 16a, pl. 9, which is referred in this paper to Olenellus fremonti; nor figure 14, pl. 21, which is referred in this paper to Olenellus gilberti). (De- scribed. Figures 16 and 13 are copied in this paper, pl. 38, figs. 12 and 14 respectively. ) Olenellus gilberti Watcotr (in part) [not Meex], 1886, Bull. U. S. Geol. Survey No. 30, pp. 170-180, pl. 19, figs. 2c, d, f, and g (not pl. 18, figs. I, 1a-b; pl. 10, figs. 2, 2a, 2b, 2k; pl. 20, fig. 4; and pl. 21, figs. 1 and ta = Olenellus gilberti; and not pl. 18, fig. 1c; pl. 19, figs. 2e, 2h, 21; pl. 20, figs. I, Ia-i, Ik-m; and pl. 21, figs. 2 and 2a = Olenellus fremonti). (The description and discussion given includes reference to specimens now referred to Callavia neyadensis. Figure 2d, pl. 19, is copied in this. paper, pl. 38, fig. 13; figure 2c is copied from Walcott, 1884, pl. 21, fig. 13; and figure 2g is copied from Walcott, 1884, pl. 9, fig. 16.) Olenellus gilberti Watcorr (in part) [not Merx], 1891, Tenth Ann. Rept. U. S. Geol. Survey, pl. 84, figs. re and 1g; pl. 85, figs. 1e and g (not pl. 84, figs. 1, 1a-c; pl. 85 figs. tb-d; and pl. 86, fig. 4 = Olenellus gil- berti; and not pl. 84, figs. 1d and rf; pl. 85, figs. 1, 1a, and 1f; and pl. 86, figs. I, Ia-i, tk-m = Olenellus fremonti). (No text reference. Figures te and rg, pl. 84, are copied from Walcott, 1886, pl. 19, figs. 2d and 2f; fig. re, pl. 85, is copied from Walcott, 1886, pl. 19, fig. 2g; and fig. 1g, pl. 85, is copied from Walcott, 1884, pl. 21, fig. 13.) Of this species only fragments of the cephalon and thorax are known. These I referred to Olenellus gilberti [1884, 1886, and 1891], but in restricting the latter species to the characters shown by the type specimens [pl. 36, figs. 1-3] the specimens from Pros- pect Mountain are separated and now referred to C. nevadensis. They are distinguished from O. gilberti by the broader space between the glabella and frontal rim, short eye lobes, and converging sides of the glabella, particularly those of the large frontal lobe. The glabella is similar to that of C. burri [pl. 28, fig. 9], but the marginal borders differ materially in the two species. Callavia nevadensis is associated with numerous fragmentary specimens of Olenellus fremonti [pl. 37] and Peachella iddingsi ipl 30, fic. 17]. The reference to the genus Callavia is on account of the tapering glabella and slender anterior glabellar lobe. FORMATION AND LocaLity.—Lower Cambrian: Pioche formation at the following localities: (51 and 52) at the summit of Prospect Mountain, Eureka District, Eureka County; (30) on the west slope of the Highland Range, 8 miles (12.8km.) north of Bennetts Springs and about 8 miles (12.8 km.) west of Pioche, Lincoln County ; and a 286 SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS VOL. 53 (313g) in the Groom Mining District, at the south end of the Timpa- hute Range, near the line between Nye and Lincoln counties; all in Nevada. Genus HOLMIA Matthew Paradoxides Forp (in part), 1878, American Journ. Sci., 3d ser., Vol. 15, p. 130, footnote. (Discusses the generic relations of Paradowides as represented by P. ejerulfi and P. aculeatus with Olenellus as repre- sented by O. asaphoides.) Olexellus Hotm (in part), 1887, Geol. Foren. i Stockholm Forhandlingar, Bd. 9, Hafte 7, pp. 498-499. (Described in Swedish. As described and discussed throughout the paper the genus includes many of the forms now placed in the family Mesonacide. ) Gen ? MATTHEW, 1888, Canadian Record Sci., Vol. 3, pp. 75-76. (Linnars- son’s species, Paradoxides kjerulfi, is discussed as the representative of a new genus intermediate between Paradoxides and Olenellus, and Matthew says: “It is to be hoped that his countrymen will see reason to connect Holm’s name with this new genus.” ) Holmia Marcou, 1890, American Geologist, Vol. 5, pp. 365-366. (Linnars- son’s species is discussed and Marcou accepts Matthew’s suggestion [1888, p. 76] and places the species under Holmia.) Holmia MattHEw, 1890, Trans. Roy. Soc. Canada, Vol. 7, Sec. 4, p. 160, footnote. (Points out differences between Olenellus kjerulfi and the American species of Olenellus, and proposes the generic name Holmia.) Cephalacanthus Lapwortu (in part) [not Lacepepe], 1891, Tenth Ann. Rept. U. S. Geol. Survey, by Chas. D. Walcott, p. 641. (Proposed as a new genus to include Olenellus kjerulf, O. broggeri, and O. callavei. The name, however, was preoccupied by Lacépéde, 1802, Hist. Nat. POISS= «Voll sain ses) Cephalacanthus LApwortH (in part), 1891, Geol. Mag., Dec. 3, Vol. 8, p. 531. (Gives reasons for proposing the genus. The reference to the original place of publication of Cephalacanthus is given as “ Geol. Mag., 1888, p. 641” it should be “ Tenth Ann. Rept. U. S. Geol. Survey, by Chas. D. Walcott, 1891, p. 641.) Holmia Corr, 1892, Natural Science, Vol. 1, p. 344. (Discussed. In the legend of figure 3, p. 343, Holmia is placed as a subgenus of Olenellus.) Holmia PeacuH, and Horne (in part), 1892, Quart. Journ. Geol. Soc. Lon- don, Vol. 48, p. 236. As defined this genus includes forms now re- ferred to both Holmia and Callavia.) Holmia (Olenellus) PEAcH (in part), 1894, Quart. Journ. Geol. Soc. Lon- don, Vol. 50, pp. 671-674. (Compares certain characters of Holmia with those of Olenellus and Mesonacis. As discussed in these pages, however, the genus includes forms now referred to both Holmia and Callavia. ) Holmia BEECHER, 1897, American Journ. Sci., 4th ser., Vol. 3, p. 191. (Con- siders facial sutures of Holmia as in a condition of synthesis. Places Holmia in family Paradoving.) Holmia Frecn, 1897, Lethea geognostica, pt. 1, Lethzea Paleozoica, Bd. 2, p. 41. (Considers Holmia and Olenopsis Bornemann as identical. ) a OLENELLUS AND OTHER GENERA OF MESONACID/E 287 Holmia Mosere (in part), 1899, Geol. Foren. i Stockholm F6rhandl., Bd. 21, Hafte 4, p. 318. (Briefly characterizes genus. As characterized the genus includes species now referred to Callavia.) Holmia MatrHew, 1899, American Geologist, Vol. 24, p. 50. (Reviews Moberg’s paper [1899] and notes two types placed under Holmia.) Holmia WELLER, 1900, Ann. Rept. Geol. Survey New Jersey for 1800, pp. 50-51. (Discussed. ) Holmia Pompecxy, 1901, Zeitschr. Deutschen geol. Gesellsch., Vol. 53, Heft 2, pp. 14-17. (Olenopsis is compared with Holmia and other genera of the Mesonacide. ) Holmia Linpstrom, 1901, Kong]. Svenska Vet.-Akad. Handlingar, Bd. 34, No. 8, p. 24. (Considers Holmia an eyeless trilobite, with beginning suture. ) Holmia is characterized by intergenal spines in the adult, a uniform series of thoracic segments and’a small more or less transverse py- gidium with only traces of transverse furrows indicating segments in the median lobe. Genotype.—Paradoxides kjerulf' Linnarsson, 1871. The only American species of the genus I recognize is Holmia rowet Walcott. Stratigraphic range—Lower Cambrian. In Scandinavia the Holmia kjerulfi zone is just beneath the Paradoxides bearing strata. In Sweden it is overlain by the Paradoxvidcs tessini zone | Holm, 1887, p. 514], and in Norway by the P. dlandicus zone [Idem, p. 514]. Holmia rowei Walcott occurs low down in the Lower Cambrian in association with Nevadia weeksi Walcott. Geographic distribution.—Scandinavia in Europe; southwestern Nevada in the United States. Observations.—The generic relations and position of Holmia in the Mesonacidz are considered in observations on the Mesonacidee [p. 247]. From the occurrence of Holmia kjerulfi just beneath the Parado.- ides zone in Scandinavia with associated genera closely allied to those in the Paradoxides fauna it is probable that the genus occurs in the upper portion of the Lower Cambrian in western Europe. In the southwestern United States, in Nevada, Holimia rowei is found over 4,500 feet below the zone of Olenellus gilberti. I strongly suspect that there is a lost interval in the Scandinavian section between the zone of Holmia kjerulfi and Paradowxides dlandi- cus that may represent a portion of the section between Olenellus and Holmia in Nevada. That Olenellus is not found in Scandinavia also strengthens this view, as Olene/lus is very characteristic of the higher beds of the Lower Cambrian in both eastern and western North America. 288 SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS VOL. 53 Holmia [pl. 27, fig. 7] differs from Callavia [pl. 27, fig. 1] in having an expanded frontal glabella lobe; in its spinose extensions of the pleura; and small occipital spine. From Wanneria [pl. 30, figs. 2 and 6] it varies in not having a great spine on the fifteenth segment, and in having spinose extensions of the pleurz. The latter character is similar to-that in the thorax of Elliptocephala [pl. 24, fig. 1] and Mesonacis [pl. 26, fig. 1]. Holmia follows Mesonacis and Callavia in the scheme of classifica- tion of the Mesonacidz because it is considered that the thorax indi- cates a stage of development slightly more advanced than in those genera. The latter still retain the partially developed posterior segments that appear to have disappeared in Holmuia. Dr. G. F. Matthew [1899, p. 59] in his review of Moberg’s paper [ 1899, pp. 309-348] mentions that there are two types under Holmia as arranged by Moberg [1899, pp. 314 and 318], the first two species mentioned after Holimia kjerulfi being distinguished from the geno- type by a difference in the number of the segments in the thorax, and possessing a conical in place of a club-shaped glabella. The species are H. brdggeri Walcott and H. callavet Lapworth. These forms are now included in the genus Callavia. HOLMIA KJERULFI Linnarsson Pram 275 iG! 7 Paradoxides kjerulf Lrnnarsson, 1871, Ofversigt af Kongl. Vet. Akad. Forhandlingar, pp. 790-702, pl. 16, figs. 1-3. (Described and discussed. ) Paradoxides kjerulfi (Linnarsson), KyERuL¥F, 1873, Om grundfjeldets og sparagmitfjeldets maegtighed 1 Norge. 2. Sparagmitfjeldt, p. 83, text figs. 1-5. (No text reference. ) Olenellus kjerulf (Linnarsson), Broccer, 1878, Nyt Mag. for Naturvid.. Bd. 24, p. 44. (Mentioned. ) Paradoxides kjerulfi Forp, 1878, American Journ. Sci., 3d ser., Vol. 15, p. 130, footnote. (Discusses generic relations of Paradoxides as repre- sented by P. kjerulf with Olenellus as represented by O. asaphoides. ) Paradoxides ? kjeruifi (Linnarsson), Forp, 1881, American Journ. Sci., 3d ser., Vol. 22, pp. 255-258, text fig. 10, p. 256. (Gives a diagrammatic figure of the cephalon, and discusses the relation of the species to Olenellus asaphoides and of Paradoxides to Olenellus.) Olenellus kjerulfi LINNARSSON, 1883, Sveriges Geol. Unders., Ser. C, No. 54, pp. 18-20, pl. 3, figs. 12-17. (Describes and illustrates specimens. from Andrarum. ) Paradoxides kjerulfi (Linnarsson), Watcort, 1886, Bull. U. S. Geol. Sur- vey, No. 30, p. 178, pl. 20, fig. 2. (Compares occular ridge and facial suture back of the eyes with those features in Olenellus gilberti. Figure 2 is an outline drawing of the figure given by Linarsson [1871,, pl. 16, fig. 2].) OLENELLUS AND OTHER GENERA OF MESONACID-© 289 Olenellus (?) kjerulfi (Linnarsson), MatrHew, 1886, American Journ. Sci., 3d ser., Vol. 31, pp. 472-473. (Identifies species from Newfound- land and expresses doubt as to generic reference. ) Olenellus kjerulfi' (Linnarson), Horm, 1887, Geol. Foren. i Stockholm Foérhandl., Vol. 9, Hafte 7, pp. 493-522 (499-512 in particular). (De- scribed and discussed in Swedish, figuring a complete restoration of the dorsal shield [pl. 14, fig. 2] which has been widely copied, see pl. 27, fig. 1 of this paper.) Paradoxides (Gen. ?) kjerulfii MatrHew, 1888, Canadian Record Sci., Vol. 3, pp. 75-76. (The species is discussed as the representative of a new genus intermediate between Paradovrides and Olenellus and Matthew says: “It is to be hoped that his countrymen will see reason to connect Holm’s name with this new genus.’’) Holmia kjerulfi (Linnarsson), MArcovu, 1890, American Geologist, Vol. 5. pp. 305-366. (The species is discussed and Marcou accepts Matthew's suggestion [1888, p. 76] and places the species under Holmia. ) Olenellus (Holnmuia) kjevulf! (Linnarsson), Watcortt, 1891, Tenth Ann. Rept. U. S. Geol. Survey, p. 635, pl. 86, fig. 2; and pl. 93, fig. 2. (The figure on plate 86 is copied from Walcott, 1886, pl. 20, fig. 2; figure 2, pl. 93 is copied from Holm, 1887, pl. 14, fig. 2.) Cephalacanthus kjerulfii LApwortu, 1891, Tenth Ann. Rept. U. S. Geol. Survey, by Chas. D. Walcott, pp. 640-641. (Compared with “ Cephala- canthus callavei.”) Olenellus (Holmia) kjerulfi (Linnarsson), Core, 1892, Natural Science, Vol. 1, p. 343, text fig. 3. (Gives outline figure of the restoration of the dorsal shield by Holm, 1887, pl. 14, fig. 2.) Holmia (Olenellus) kjerulfti Peacu, 1894, Quart. Journ. Geol. Soc. Lon- don, Vol. 50, p. 671, pl. 32, fig. 12. (Mentioned. Figure 12 is copied from Holm, 1887, pl. 14, fig. 2.) Olenellus kjerulfii (Linnarsson), Koken, 1896, Die Leitfossilien, p. 7, text fig. 2. (Reproduces restoration of dorsal shield by Holm [1887, pl. 14, fig. 2]. On page 352 the species is placed und’ ¢ Mesonacis. ) Olenellus (Holmia) kjerulfi (Linnarsson) Frecu, 1897, Additional plates inserted in 1897 in Lethza geognostica, pt. 1, Lethza Palzozoica, Atlas, pl. 1a, fig. 13. (Figure 13 is copied from Holm, 1887, pl. 14, fig. 2.) Holmia kjerulfi (Linnarsson), Morerc, 1899, Geol. Foren. 1 Stockholm Foérhandl., Bd. 21, Hafte 4, p. 318, pl. 13, fig. 3. (Mentioned at several places in the text. The figure is copied from Holm, 1887, pl. 14, fig. 2.) Holmia kjerulfi Linpstrom, 1901, Kongl. Svenska Vet.-Akad. Handlingar, Vol. 34, No. 8, p. 57: (Calls attention to the “macule” on the hypostoma. ) Dr. Holm’s memoir [ 1887, pp. 493-522] on this species is so com- prehensive and so well illustrated that I shall not attempt to repro- duce it further than to illustrate his restoration of the dorsal shield [pl. 27, fig. 7]. The most nearly related species is Holmia lundgreni Moberg [pl. 40, figs. 4-7]. It differs from the latter in many details and, as 290 SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS VOL. 53 pointed out by Moberg [1899, p. 321], the two species belong to different stratigraphic horizons. H. kjerulfi is found in the “ grey- wacke”’ below the zone containing Paradowides élandicus Sjogren. FH. lundgreni Moberg has been found only in the Lower Cambrian sandstone. The only American species, Holmia rowei [pl. 29], differs in so many characters that it is unnecessary to make comparisons between the two species. The associated fossils at Tomten are Obolella imobergi Walcott, Obolella (Glyptias) favosa Linnarsson, and Arioneilus. Dr. G. F. Matthew [1886, p. 472] identified “ Olenellus (?) kjerulfii” from New Brunswick and Newfoundland. In his cata- logue of species in the Cambrian Rocks of eastern Canada [1904, pp. 260-278] he does not record the “ O. (?) kjerulfi” under Olenel- lus or Holmia. The specimens are not in the Matthew collection at the University of Toronto, Canada, and under date January 6 and March 18, 1910, Dr. Matthew writes that he doubts if there is any material representing Hlolmia in the collection in St. John, as his notes were based on fragments. FoRMATION AND LocaLity.—Lower Cambrian: (1) [Holm, 1887, p. 512] at Andrarum and Gislof, Province of Skane, Sweden. (2) [Linnarsson, 1871, p. 790] at Tomten in Ringsaker, near Lake Mjosen; and (3) [Holm, 1887, p. 512] at Kletten; both in Norway. (4) [Holm, 1887, p. 512] below Kyrkberget, on the shore of Great Uman Lake, Parish of Stensele, Lapland. HOLMIA LUNDGRENI Moberg PLATE 40, Fics. 4-7 Olenellus lundgreni Moperc, 1892, Om Olenellusledet i sydliga Skandi- navien, p. 3. (Specimens exhibited at 14th meeting of Skandinavian naturalists at Copenhagen discussed. ) Holmia lundgreni Morerc, 1899, Geol. Foren. i Stockholm Forhandl., Bd. 21, Hafte 4, pp. 321-329, pl. 14, figs. r-14. (Described and discussed. A plaster cast of the specimen represented by figures 2a-b is figured in this paper, pl. 40, figs. 4 and 4a.) Holmia lundgrent LinpstrOM, I9g01, Kongl. Svenska Vet.-Akad. Hand- lingar, Vol. 34, No. 8, p. 57. (Calls attention to “ macule” on hy- postoma. ) Only fragments of this species have been found, but these fortu- nately include one nearly entire cephalon [pl. 40, fig. 4]. All the specimens occur in a hard, compact, fine-grained sandstone. Through the courtesy of Dr. Moberg I received casts of the typical specimens described by him, also a few good fragments, of which three are OLENELLUS AND OTHER GENERA OF MESONACID/E 291 illustrated by figs. 5, 6, and 7, pl. 40. By the aid of these specimens and the casts and Dr. Moberg’s very detailed descriptions the fol- lowing brief description is drawn up: Cephalon semicircular, strongly convex. Width a little less than one-half the length; marginal rim broad, flattened and separated from the cheeks by a shallow furrow; it widens from the front toward the gena! angles and is probably produced into strong, flat- tened genal spines; posterior marginal rim about as wide as the rim in front of the glabella; it is faintly defined by a narrow, shal- low furrow. Glabella widening a little from the occipital ring to the anterior end of the eye lobes where it expands into the large anterior lobe; the latter rises abruptly from just within the mar- ginal rim and curves over to the level plane along the median line of the glabella; the glabella is marked by three pairs of lateral fur- rows joined across the glabella by a fainter furrow. The size and position of the furrows and the glabellar lobes are shown by figs. 4 and 5. The occipital ring is subequal in width to the fourth lobe of the glabella; it has a small, pointed median tubercle at the pos- terior margin. The palpebral lobes start from the postero-lateral portion of the large anterior glabellar lobes, and arch backward to a point opposite the front of the occipital ring; they are eleyated nearly to the plane of the median line of the glabella and leave a depressed space between them and the dorsal furrow beside the elabella ; sometimes a small intergenal spine is indicated at the end of a narrow elevated line extending from about the end of the occipital furrow. Dr. Moberg states that approximately parallel to this line is another fainter line, which extends from the posterior part of the eye, that he is inclined to consider an obliterated facial suture. He also noted traces of a similar line in front of the eye. The cheeks rise rapidly from the furrow within the marginal rim to the base of the eye. The hypostoma is shown by fig. 6. No traces of spines or tu- bercles are shown on any specimens I have seen of the back and lateral margins, and Dr. Moberg did not note any marginal spines. The median lobe of the thoracic segments is distinctly separated from the pleural lobes ; a strong median spine with an elongated base occurs on many of the fragments of the median lobe; on other specimens a small tubercle is all that is seen, Dr. Moberg draws the conclusion from this that the anterior segments had small, weak spines, and that the spines increased in strength on the middle seg- ments ; the pleural lobe of the middle segments extend out directly 292 SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS VOL. 53 for about one-half their length and then curve evenly outward and backward, and narrow gradually to a point; the pleure are thus distinguished sharply from those of Holmia kjerulfi [pl. 27, fig. 7] ; pleural furrow oblique, clearly marked, and deepest near the in- terior end. Pygidium with a nearly circular outline without transverse fur- rows; its marginal rim is narrow on its anterior end, increasing slightly in width toward the posterior side where it narrows rapidly to the posterior median line, and thus gives a notched appearance to the posterior margin. The surface is marked by irregular, fine ridges that form a more or less irregular network. The largest cephalon has a length of 28 mm., width 54 mm., con- vexity about Io mm. Observations.—This species is most closely related to Holnuia kjerulfi [pl. 27, fig. 7]. It differs in the outline of the glabella, genal angles, pleurze of thoracic segments, and hypostoma. The outline of the glabella is intermediate between that of Holmia [pl. 27, fig. 7] and that of Callavia [pl. 27, fig. 1]. The fossils found in association with this species are, according to Moberg [1899, p. 329], a patelloid shell and Hyolithes degeeri Flolm. ForRMATION AND Locatity.—Lower Cambrian: a block of sand- stone (390v) collected west of Tumbyholm, north-northeast of Smedstorp, west of Simrisham, Province of Kristianstad, Sweden | Moberg, 1899, p. 328]. Dr. Moberg [1899, p. 329] states that he also found this species ‘south from Gladsax Church. HOLMIA ROWE, new species PLATE 20, Fics. I-I1 : Holmia rowei WaAtcotTt, 1908, Smithsonian Misc. Coll., Vol. 53, No. 5, p. 189. (Name used in No. 12 of section; the species does not occur in No. 3, nor in the Waucoba Spring section, pp: 187-188. The specimens identified with this species from 3 of the section are referred in this paper to Olenellus argentus and to Olenellus gilberti; those from 3d of the Waucoba section [pp. 187 and 188] are referred to Wanneria gracile; and those from td and 2j [p. 186] are not specifically iden- tified. ) Dorsal shield elongate oval, rather strongly convex over the ceph- alon and less so over the thorax and pygidium. Cephalon semi- circular in outline, strongly convex, one-third the length of the dorsal shield; bordered by a strong, rounded rim that is continued OLENELLUS AND OTHER GENERA OF MESONACIDE 2093 into strong, long genal spines that are nearly as long as the thorax; the posterior border is broad, but not as convex as the frontal bor- der; it narrows toward the base of the glabella and shows a de- cided tendency to curve with a varying angle at the intergenal angle [figs. 1, 5, 6, and 10, pl. 29]; the intermarginal furrow is narrow and rounded inward on the sides and in front, and rather more distinctly impressed within the posterior border. Glabella con- vex, elongate, gradually expanding from the occipital segment to the widest portion of the anterior lobe, dorsal furrow deep on the sides and in front; the anterior lobe is transverse, widest near its base, gradually curving on the sides to the rather sharply rounded front margin; .the anterior and third pair of furrows extend from the central third of the glabella obliquely forward and terminate at the dorsal furrow; the second pair terminate inside so that the second and third lobes unite and enclose it [fig. 6]; usually the space be- tween the end of the glabellar furrow and the dorsal furrow is very narrow, and it is often broken through [figs. 1, 2]; occipital ring separated from the glabella by two lateral furrows that are similar, when the shell is not too much flattened, to the glabellar furrows ; the occipital ring is broad, convex, and with a long, strong median spine that curves backward over the axial lobe of the thorax to about the sixth segment ; the base of the spine is strong and, in large speci- mens, extends nearly across the occipital ring. The cheeks arch up from the intermarginal furrow to the base of the eye, broadening back of the eye and narrowing tcward the front margin so as to form only a narrow space of slightly variable width in different specimens between the glabella and the intermarginal furrow. The palpebral lobes are narrow, elongate, and gently arched outward and backward from the dorsal furrow beside the posterior lateral margin of the first glabellar lobe; they terminate a short distance from the dorsal furrow opposite the occipital furrow, thus giving only a slight divergence between their anterior and posterior ends; they are elevated to about the same height as the center of the glabella and slope rapidly into the depressed interpalpebral area, the drop to the cheeks is very abrupt, and gives only a narrow space for the visual surface of the eye. The only trace observed of a facial suture is an elevated line on the cast of the interior of a flattened cephalon ; the line starts at the posterior end of the palpe- bral lobe and extends backward a short distance before curving out- ward toward the marginal rim, which it crosses obliquely at about the same place as in Callavia broggeri [pl. 27, fig. 1]. 5—w 294 SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS VOL. 53. Thorax with sixteen segments of the same character; the body of the thorax lies well within the long genal spines, owing to the shortness of the spinous extensions of the pleurz; its sides are sub- parallel back to the tenth segment, where they begin to arch inward toward the small pygidium ; axial lobe convex, about the same width as the pleural lobes, and narrowing gradually in width, a small elongate, median node, with a base as long as the width of the seg- ment, occurs on each segment, and there is a low, rounded elongate tubercle on each side that is much like that on the axial segment of Holmia kjerulfi [compate fig. 4, pl. 20, with fig. 7, pleaziqeam elongate, subtriangular tubercle next to the dorsal furrow on the anterior side of the segment is also well shown by fig. 5; usually the elongate tubercles of the axial lobe have disappeared by com- pression of the test; pleural lobes nearly flat from the dorsal furrow out to their curved spinose extensions where they arch gently down- ward; each pleura has a broad, strong furrow that is broadest next to the dorsal furrow from whence it narrows very gradually to just within the curved terminal spinous extension of the pleure. The posterior margin of the spinous extension is arched forward from the posterior margin of the pleurze, which gives a beaked or slightly hooked outline to the termination of the pleure. Pygidium small; width at the anterior margin and length sub- equal; the sides extend slightly outward from the anterior margin and terminate in short spines ; the posterior margin 1s slightly arched backward at the center and inward on each side toward the base of the postero-lateral spines; axial lobes with one anterior transverse ring that appears to bend backward along the outer margins and extend into the terminal spines; back of the transverse ring a sub- triangular termination of the axial lobe, of equal width and length, occupies the central area; it does not reach the posterior margin, and it has no traces of transverse rings or furrows; with the possible exception of the rounded outer marginal rim there are no indications of pleural extensions of the rings across the smooth space between the axial lobe and outer margins; the anterior ring shown by fig. II is the forward extension of the first ring that slipped beneath the ter- minal segment of the thorax. Surface strongly granular on the outer rim of the cephalon [fig. 7|, finely granular over most of the test, and with irregular network of fine elevated ridges that may give a pitted appearance in some places [fig. 8] where the ridges are crowded, or an open pattern with elongate meshes on the cheeks and segments. OLENELLUS AND OTHER GENERA OF MESONACID 295 Dimensions.—A dorsal shield 44.75 mm. in length has the follow- ing dimensions: Cephalon: mm. EST SEMIN en rade en rN ne soot Mi vintietnie cise betel Gietw-ate es & 16. Wenono tre lapelianw, samen he ctatinciss citlasttsesec als ofs-sie' 1) ILA Git CHO. s45 dow > auis 6 heel Ono Ee Oe See Deaee ae 6.5 Wirt himate pOStenOLeiMalerMe seme celts seitericid be ose cicye ses 0 «ee 30. Widthvoficlabella at postenton margin. .2. cc. sees ec eee 8. Width of glabella at broadest part of anterior lobe......... 10. Thorax: ILASiNSHOR, ap Sato hue ee 2.0) See OA OE CTI CicL Tt PCAC ice Renae eee Nine Giieciteiins EeSeCmmentn eae maels wutete steed «leech neta ties cea 23: WitdinotecdstalulOperatstinSt SCG mentee rem srr cclcaciesre oe cet ¢ 9. NWitcltnnO ira xialeoberaty lASteSESmlemts eye ce cc ietie cater sacce ee & Dyfe Wieinor pleural lobe at first segment. .....0s.0 et saee ees: Gh Pygidium: ILGMGUM, “oi 556 SERBS RAG OOo SO ROR AE ene Sac eee 2.75 SI TMa ete OME ede Slee ta, eek Sate oA oro a a gids) «Bale diecsles side 2:5 The preceding description is based on adult specimens from 40 mm. to 50 mm. in length. The largest cephalon in the collection has a length of 30 mm.; width 50 mm. This indicates a dorsal shield of about 85 mm. in length. One young stage of growth is partly illustrated by a broken cephalon 1.5 mm. in length in which the outline [fig. 9] is rounded; glabella cylindrical, with the base of the frontal lobe continuous with the strong palpebral segment ; this may be compared with the stage of Elliptocephala asaphoides represented by fig. 14 of pl. 25. Observations.—Fragments of this species occur abundantly in asso- ciation with Nevadia weeksi in hard, shaly sandstones deep down in the Lower Cambrian (Georgian) section of southwestern Nevada. In America it is the oldest species of the genus Holmia, and in de- velopment its position in the Mesonacidz appears to be after the forms with imperfectly developed posterior thoracic segments: Ne- vadia, Mesonacis, and the slightly more specialized Callavia. The generic relations of Holmia rowet to the genotype H. kjerulft are very close as may be seen by comparing the illustrations on pl. 29 with fig. 7, pl. 27. The eye lobes are of the same character, as are the other parts of the cephalon; each species has sixteen thoracic segments that terminate in narrow arching spines; the pygidia are small and of the same type. The occipital spine of H. rowei is longer than that of H. kjerulf. The specific differences are in the details of the cephalon, such as the relation of the anterior lobe of the glabella to the frontal border; the longer occipital and genal 296 SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS VOLr.gg spines and more arched pleural spines of H. rowei and the outlines of the pygidia. FoRMATION AND LocaLity.—Lower Cambrian: (1f) arenaceous shales of the Silver Peak Group, forming No. 12 of the Barrel Spring section [Walcott, 1908c, p. 189], 3 miles (4.8 km.) north- west of Barrel Spring, which is 10 miles (16 km.) south of the town of Silver Peak, Esmeralda County, Nevada. WANNERIA, new genus Dorsal shield large, broadly oval in outline. Cephalon about two- fifths of the length of the dorsal shield, transversely semicircular in outline with genal angles extended into strong spines; marginal border strong; cheeks broad; glabella elongate, semicylindrical and with four lobes, the anterior being the largest and expanded slightly or not at all beyond the line of the sides of the glabella; palpebral lobe connected to the anterior lobe of the glabella; it is short and relatively small in the adult [pl. 30, fig. 2; pl. 31, fig. 3] and in- creasing in length with the decrease in the size of the cephalon [pl. 30, figs. 3, 4; pl. 31, figs: 3; 1, 2,457, 83 pl. 38, fess oweeen Thorax with seventeen segments; median lobe strongly convex; pleural lobe broad and with the pleurz extended into falcate ends that curve more and more backward until the posterior pairs nearly enclose the pygidium; pleural furrow broad, next to the axial lobe, and extending out about one-half the length of the pleura. A small median, elongate tubercle occurs on the axial lobe of each segment, that becomes a strong. long, median spine on the fifteenth segment in old, large specimens [fig. 11, pl. 30]. It is small in younger individuals [fig. 10, pl. 30]. Pygidium small, subcircular, transverse where it joins the thorax and notched at the posterior center. Surface with irregular network of very fine, irregular ridges that form very fine meshes over the greater part of the outer surface of the dorsal shield and hypostoma; the meshes are elongated on the marginal border of the cephalon and genal spines subparallel to the margin, while on the doublure of the thoracic pleurze the meshes are more or less transverse [pl. 31, fig. 12], also on the pygidium [pl. 30, fig. 8]. Dimensions.—Two of the species of the genus, W. walcottanus and W. halli, grow to a large size, equal to that of any species of the Mesonacide. The former species is known to have reached a length of 17.6 cm. with a width of 15 cm. at the genal angles. Fragments of W. halli indicate a length for the dorsal shield of 15 cm. OLENELLUS AND OTHER GENERA OF MESONACID/& 2907 Young stages of growthNothing is known of the younger stages of growth of the genotype, W. walcottanus [pl. 30], but of the closely related species, W. halii [pl. 31], there are examples of a number of the younger stages of growth of the cephalon. These show that in the youngest stage of growth known [pl. 31, fig. 8] the form is much like that of the young of Pedewmuras transitans [pl. 32, fig. 1, pl. 25, fig. 22], and Elliptocephala asaphoides [pl. 25, fig. 10]. The most notable changes resulting from increase in size are the diminution in size and length of the palpebral lobes [pl. 31, figs. 8, 7, 4, 2, 1, 3], the separation of the genal from the intergenal spines [pl. 31, figs. 8, 6, 4, 1], and the widening of the glabella back of the first lobe [pl. 31, figs. 8, 5, 7, 4] until its sides are sub-parallel; the change in form of the first or anterior lobe of the glabelia is shown by figs. 8, 5, 7, 4, 2, 1, of pl. 31. Due allowance should be made for the ex- pansion or widening of the anterior convex lobe as the result of flat- tening by compression in the shale. Genotype.—Olenellus (Holmia) walcottanus Wanner. The generic name is given in honor of Prof. Atreus Wanner, of York, Pennsylvania, who first described the type species. Stratigraphic range-——Lower Cambrian (Georgian). The geno- type occurs in the York formation, Olenellus zone, in the upper por- tion of the Lower Cambrian terrane, and W. halli occurs in the same zone in the Montevallo shale. W. gracile is found about 2,000 feet down in the St. Piran formation of the Lower Cambrian of Alberta, Canada, and 1,450 miles to the south in Nevada it occurs 1,200 feet or more below the zone of Olenellus gilberti, which corresponds to about the horizon of Wanneria halli and W. walcottanus in Alabama and Pennsylvania, respectively. Geographic distribution.—The genotype occurs in an east and west belt across the central parts of York and Lancaster counties, Penn- sylvania. W. halli is found in central Alabama, and W. gracile in Nevada and Alberta, Canada. Observations.—The cephalon is similar in generic characters to that of Elliptocephala, Mesonacis, Pedeumias, Olenellus, and Holmia, but differs from that of Callavia in having a more expanded anterior glabellar lobe, and in not having a large occipital spine. The thorax has seventeen segments of the Callavia broggeri type [pl. 27, fig. 1], in that the segments continue of a uniform width out to where the margins converge into a strong backward curving point, but they differ in having a broad pleural furrow of the Olenellus thompsoni type [pl. 35, fig. 1], instead of the narrow oblique furrow of C. bréggert. The great spine of the fifteenth segment of the adult 298 SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS VOL. 53 [pl. 30, fig. 11] is not found in Callavia or Holmia. Wanneria also differs from Holmia in the character of the lateral extensions of -the pleure. In Holmia the spinose extensions give quite a different aspect [pl. 27, fig. 7] from that of the extensions of Wanneria [pl. 30, fig. 1]. Wanneria differs from Elliptocephala [pl. 24, fig. 1], Mesonacis [pl. 26, fig. 1], Nevadia [pl. 23, fig. 1], in the characters of the thorax to such an extent that a statement of the differences is unnecessary in this place. WANNERIA ? GRACILE, new species PLATE 38, Fics. 15-24 Holmia rowei Watcott, 1908, Smithsonian Misc. Coll., Vol. 53, No. 5, pp. 187 and 188. (The specimens listed under this name in 3d of the Waucoba section are referred in this paper to Wanneria gracile.) Holnmia weeksi Watcort, 1908, Idem, p. 189. (The specimens listed under this name in 3 of the Barrel Spring section are referred in this paper to Wanneria gracile.) Cephalon semicircular in outline, moderately convex; marginal border rounded, strong in the larger, narrow and wire-like in the smaller specimens, and continued backward at the genal angles into moderately strong spines; posterior marginal border rounded and narrow at the occipital ring and slightly broader where it merges into the strong outer rim at the genal angles. In a cephalon 17 mm. in length there are no traces of an intergenal angle [fig. 21], but in one 7 mm. in length a broad angle is present and the marginal rim is thickened by an oblique, obscure intergenal ridge that was undoubtedly an intergenal spine in younger specimens [fig. 22]. An unusual specimen of the cephalon, 8 mm. in length [fig. 23], has the outer margin curved inward very much as in a very young cephalon 2 mm. in length [fig. 24]; the ridge on the test from the base of the eye out to the margin indicates the position of the inter- genal spine at 1; the genal spine is not shown on the specimen. Gla- bella convex, elongate, narrowing gradually from the occipital ring to the front of the first lobe ; four strong furrows extend obliquely back- ward from each side nearly to the center where they are united by a very shallow transverse furrow ; the very slight dorsal furrow about the glabella is crossed by the occular ridges that join the anterior lobe of the glabella at its postero-lateral margins; the second, third, and fourth glabellar lobes are curved slightly backward and almost pass into the flat area within the palpebral lobe; the proportions of all the glabellar lobes and the occipital ring are shown by figs. 19 OLENELLUS AND OTHER GENERA OF MESONACID/E 299 and 20, also the size and length of the palpebral lobes which are elevated and joined to the first glabellar lobe by a narrow ridge. The palpebral lobe [figs. 17, 19] is short and much like that of Wanneria walcottanus [pl. 30, fig. 1]. From the posterior end of the palpebral lobe a narrow furrow on the interior of the test curves backward and then outward and backward to the posterior margin, following in its course the position of the facial suture of Paradoxides spinosus Boeck | Barrande, 1852, pl. 12, fig. 1]. Oc- cipital ring strong, rounded, and with a small median node near the posterior margin. The hypostoma is of the same general character as that of Cal- Jawia bréggeri [pl. 27, fig. 2] and C. crosbyi [pl. 28, fig. 6], and differs from the hypostoma of Wanneria [pl. 31, fig. 9] in having a smooth, rounded frontal margin. Surface known only from a few fragments of the test adhering to the specimens illustrated by figs. 20 and 23. These show the char- acteristic irregular, elevated ridges of the surface of Holmia, also fine, rather sharp granulations. A cephalon 2 mm. in length [fig. 24] is strongly convex and with unusually elevated prominent pal- pebral lobes that merge into the first glabellar lobe in a manner similar to those of the young of Elliptocephala asaphoides [pl. 25, fig. 10]. Dimensions.—These are shown for the cephalon by fig. 21, which is reproduced from a photograph, natural size. Observations —This is a very interesting species of the Meso- nacide, and it is to be regretted that there are no entire specimens of the dorsal shield. Wanneria ? gracile is distinguished by its slender conical glabella from W. walcottanus. It resembles the latter species in having short, elevated palpebral lobes connected with the first lobe of the glabella by a strong occular ridge. Its slender glabella with the narrow first lobe is more like that of Callavia |[pl. 27, fig. 1; pl. 28, figs. 3 and 8] than that of Wanneria [pl. 30, fig. 1; pl. 31, figs. 1, 5, 6], which has a rounded, expanded anterior lobe to the glabella. It is not known whether there was a large spine on the thorax as in Wanneria [pl. 30, fig. 11]. The absence of this information and the conical outline of the anterior lobe of the glabella renders it difficult to make a positive reference of the species to Wanneria. The strong marginal border of the cephalon, small eyes, and the absence of an occipital spine relate it more closely to that genus than to Callavia. It is not improbable that entire specimens will show it to be a form intermediate between Callavia and Wanneria. 300 SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COI.LECTIONS VOL. 53 The stratigraphic position of IV.? gracile is in the central portion of the Lower Cambrian terrane of western Nevada and southeastern California beneath the great Archzocyathus limestone. It is associated with Olenellus fremonti in the massive quartzitic sandstone series 2,500 feet above the horizon of Nevadia weeksi, and 1,200 feet or more below the upper beds of the Lower Cambrian carrying Olenellus gilberti. At Vermilion Pass, Alberta, numerous specimens of the cephalon of this species [pl. 38, figs. 17-20] occur in a hard, brownish-gray sandstone of the St. Piran formation, about 2,000 feet below the Mt. Whyte formation and 250 feet above the Lake Louise formation. With the cephalon for comparison, there do not appear to be specific differences between the specimens from Nevada and Alberta, localities 1,450 miles distant from each other. Near Resting Springs (locality No. 14p) the following species are associated with W. gracile: Cystid plates, Lingulella (Lin- gulepis) rowet Walcott, Billingsella bizia n. sp., Obolella vermil- tonensis n. sp., and Olenellus fremonti Walcott; in Nevada (locality No. 1v): Archeocyathus ? sp., Kutorgina cingulata (Billings), K. perugata Walcott, Siphonotreta ? dubia n. sp., Swantonia weeksi Walcott, Swantoma ? sp., Stenotheca cf. elongata Walcott, Steno- theca cf. rugosa Walcott, Ptychoparia sp., and Olenellus argentus Walcott; at Vermilion Pass (locality No. 60b) : Obolella vermilion- cnsis n. sp., Orthotheca adamsi, n. sp. FORMATION AND LocaLity.—Lower Cambrian: Silver Peak for- mation [see Walcott, 1908c, p. 185] at the following localities: (14p) quartzitic sandstones near Resting (Fresh Water) Springs, which is m the southwest corner of T. 21 N., R. 8 E., on the Armagosa River; (8) arenaceous shales and shaly sandstones 3 miles (4.8 km.) above Tollgate Canyon, White Mountain Range; (53) sandstones in the lower portion of 3d of the Waucoba Springs section [Wal- cott, 1908f, pp. 187 and 188], 1 mile (1.6 km.) east of Saline Valley, road about 2.5 miles (4km.) east-northeast of Waucoba Springs ; (176 and 178a) in arenaceous shales apparently lying between mas- sive limestones carrying Archzeocyathus, at the south end of the Deep Spring Valley, about 20 miles (32 km.) east-southeast of Big Pine in Owens Valley; and (177) shales in low hills 3 miles (4.8 km.) west of the Deep Spring Valley ; all in Inyo County, California. (1v) arenaceous shales 3 miles north of Valcalda Spring and 4 miles (6.4 km.) northwest of Drinkwater Mine, Silver Peak quad- rangle, Esmeralda County, Nevada. OLENELLUS AND OTHER GENERA OF MESONACID2Z& 301 (60b) compact sandstones of St. Piran formation about 2,000 feet (610 m.) below the Mount Whyte formation and 200 to 300 feet (61-91 m.) above the Lake Louise shale, at Vermilion Pass, on the Continental Divide between British Columbia and Alberta, west-southwest of Castle on the Canadian Pacific Railway, Alberta, Canada. WANNERIA HALLI, new species PLATE 31, Fics. I-11 The cephalon, hypostoma, and fragments of the thoracic seg- ments of this species are all that is known of it. The cephalon [pl. 31] has the same generai outline and broad marginal border as that of W. walcotianus [pl. 30, figs. 1 and 2]. The cephalon of W. halli differs from that of the latter species in having a more narrow gla- bella in proportion to the width of the cheeks and a smaller anterior lobe. The genal angles of 27 specimens of the cephalon of W. halli are all advanced in the adult, and only in the young are they on a line with the posterior margin [figs. 5 and 6]. In the larger speci- mens [figs. 1 and 3] the intergenal angle is a right angle; this grad- ually changes as the cephalon grows smaller [figs. 2, 4, and 6] until the genal angles slope inward [figs. 5 and 7] and rest against the intergenal spines [fig. 8]. The palpebral lobe of the adult [fig. 3] is relatively small, less than one-third of the length of the cephalon, but with decrease in size of the cephalon the lobe increases in length |figs. 1, 2, 4, 7, and 8] until in the smallest cephalon [fig. 8] it is seven-twelfths of its length; this includes the strong, elevated ridge that unites the lobe with the anterior lobe of the glabella. The narrowing of the glabella at the posterior end of the anterior lobe is also a very striking feature of the young of W. halli [figs. 5, 7, and 8]. The associated hypostoma has an elongate oval body that narrows posteriorly to the neck, that connects it with the convex transverse posterior section. 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Ont “+++ [930UJOOF ‘26¢ “d ‘L6g1] MOYNRIL PIALTTLO a TOAR][VD VIART[ED = *"*" le i pur ‘Sz-1 ‘sy ‘Pi ‘Jd ‘gfS-o8S ‘dd ‘qr6gr] yyoMdeT [ (erwmOF]) sHypoueTO] Pearyyes PINE [(COMCIAE CO iat ce bd ee oe uae ae Due ae ‘dd eee ajoD [ (eMmMyoF]) snypeueTO] Aves e lOAR][eD BIAReQ == mctae ccpetetain Ae tee ‘[z1z ‘d ‘qgggi] ywomdeyT [sn]feue[O] reAvypes A TOARTTLO RIARTIED SPO DGGUDIGIG Osta DiG) G0" E ctielis ta Tevaivelwa vita) oie eiefia/.u'olelin in bl one me *[SQh ‘d ‘eQQgl ] yyomdeyT [ SH]PUZTO | TOART[VO o JOREIEOMEAC {Geye Vo kam ye Seen Bata Bip ask [ 1rg-obg ‘dd ‘e16g1] yysoMde'T [snyjuroepeydes)] lAviyeo ~ TOARTTLD VIART[ED = ** ORONO DERG CEL CAORO TRIE) VO Ch cups Ow ORE ONERC [S69 ‘d ‘e16QT} 02,2 [ (ermyoy ) Sny[IuesTO ] TAes[eBo = rang wrayyeg = Pav tole Se A roe hn © BiG weateetee san teeteeresess (mau) Woopem [elAryeD] lang = Medeor ClAEl[eg =" Ra Ea eg tnd bet eas Ponty sd ek WooseM [(sleuosepl) SHyTIUe7O] 119850.1q ra Pes aps MIA Eoin de ca ir ea are gZe dd 6ggr] HosemM [(sHpeuosey) SHITOUTO] 1193301q z 11aS8SOIq VIALTED = *** *[Y-eI ‘I “ssy ae es I “ay ae ‘1d ‘obg-g£q ‘dd ‘e16g1] HoIeM [ (eMUTOH) SHTpous{O ] 119.3801q i IjossOI VIARTTED — "ee reresessess ror Sy ‘1 ‘[d ‘106r] fyeduog | (erwTOFT) sNpaUe[O] 1198ss1q R FADSOROLEOUI eae [f-er ee ‘fe “Jd ‘bgg-zggq ‘dd ‘o061] neqeay | (eIUTOFT) SH{Joue|O] 1193014 r FAR BOLOLELACI IE) == oe ey eee ets eee te tak Bie ‘dd ‘o061] sang [ (etpoFT) snypousyO] 1esso1q taS8oIq VIARYeD = a aae Oe Prga Gite Amees ne Pa “+7165 -d ‘ggar] HOeM [SN]eusTO] Hessosq | 11935014 PIAL] LD eee pe Mea ereiels sistas ele w UC e SUP One e(e)'s tu) ow ai @) a6) .@ eels yea) se 1 eee eee iver ‘d ‘V6 | pievulog [snyfeue{O] 119550.1q eo) 119830.1q PRE e eg tee eee ee aati eet Weiss iets (£Z9 pue zlo ‘dd hOQI | youeg [ eIUIOET] 1193301q 1498301q PIALTILD PE NCR CAIUS PROF HOOT IT OPI AE | CEC OROCL ONS END TE iG eecevermvat © j1Ze- -oZ¢ -dd ‘061 } nose [é RIOT | L1ass01q PomapaierMen eee tye tee Tete oe ea once eke G “-rirg ‘d ‘e16gr] YyoMdeT psnyjueroeeydad ] 1a8s01q LISRAONUNED AINE) ices er ae er fase ais ae Layoujoo; ‘ZOE “d ‘Z6gr] MoyHRPT [PLArTTED ] 1198d01q MOsdIMOUI SnijetsyOa se ee [2g ‘d ‘uortpe ysay ‘oggr] suowuuy [Seplxopesed ] snyeydooAyoriq VOL. 53 LLANEOUS COLLECTIONS 4 “ SMITHSONIAN MISCI 304 ejeydssoydyyy = ilu, Silo. rei Alisa! sie) aha, 1a yells ewe. /e%,8). ese. e ee Sale) ele! a so 8 hie ‘aus tele 6 (a) inte) jaye ve bi ete. [Ree “d ‘prgr] SUOWWLUG, vyeydao0ydty]y epeydoooydiy[y ops ierialsierieicsia tei ssp ieniste be si ells: (e)aj(e) elke 6y's ie. e\el\#/'s 5) (41,010 Ce Caer i ONC eg ee es rae . [ore ‘d ‘COI ] ajo eyeydasoydyyy epeydaooqdry Enea nen elias) eleieLeliels}\eeisiie/ ele) ania! pietleetisii srs lave) edie me im ié CMCho is Owe | ZO1 pue IOL ‘dd ‘L681 | Jao q eyeydasoqdiyyy JSSOV A WRS (ANAM (as (© Ye a a ae ae ce i ee [ogz “d ‘oggi] suowtuy soproydese (soprxopeieg) snpeydoso\diyy Soploydese eredsoo diy ee em ror “By “1 Td “E-1 “sBy VII ‘d ‘SSQr] suoruuig, soproydese snjeydosojdiyy soproydese eyeydooo\dyy = mame ee alee ies! se) whe ele). e Jets) snl eae ne) ele mele ee \ pee ml ie).w) sya) alate, [QI ‘d ‘OrgT] SUOLILUG] soproydese snjeydosojdiyy eleydooo03dy[ q eae Oe (hele) elie) ine feral Arise sia. er's.ie lees \Rel/eiial isis (a)\a)\e) 0/9) (6.8) 10) ) alenals eherehersie Dut) its [ys ‘d ‘Oogt | node snyeydosoydiyy epeydoooqdy[y angele xaileprone. si ¢]).s\/8) 0) \s)-e:Taiiaiiais) ails) reyie Tey 6/(6\s) sa) cela) 0119.6) re) \0\(0(p..)'8) /e)is) 9,6) et (ey wire is) mike ;S11-VII ‘dd “SSQT] SUOTUW snyeydssojidiyy epeydoooqdny y Fe COLOR OID SCHON CHID, Os ORCEDEONC Cie uCN Ole Ci ICUICHIDI Ci a OOCNC SiC ac Bau Jat iC eC OCS TEC RCC CRC ORCC TICS [QI ‘d ‘OVgT] SUOTUIG] snyeydosoidiyy soproydese eyeydoooqd[y Eases a Svein) (aU siesta relents) ilsilebiols) [eadueiieliavaleviaxers.(eivelie ty) elieielcalse)ellel'ehesieicais)i¢ een ‘d ‘qQggi | Noose] saproydese eIlazouaqy epeydsooqdyy[y bape ahem fa ine) at'¥sainise)| @i ai 51/6) 4 je: ef ¥i sehen hs)tay-c 9 [e'xshidh © (si ce:jal- eile) a)ualiei’e sens 0/60)" 9.07 91.0! 60) \9/e8 is)/e) «1a [ez ‘d ‘2891 | nOdIv IN eIIaZIUNqy 1Aqso19 RIARTTeD) Fe eet tee eee ee mee eee eee seer ewes sree rs eer ees aresseece . (Mow) JOOTR AA [PIARTTeD | IAqSO19 snieu -13.1RULISSe.IO tuosduroy} SAT OVE @ eee pee reeks OT Gta (Mou) Oe M [ruosduoy} snijauszO] snjeursrewissesd (j4ed ur) ru0zAR]D snyfous{O JEWS (Gael NG TY Tse VanS eoetoy 14 ETUC) | @ ee ai Om Nn aS oa [UoT}Ies FO g “6gI “d ‘OQO6T] WOIEAA [SH]Jaue{O] twoyAeyTO iii any Eos (Oy ea ae A RS OBS Oa a Sa RC SO [1v9-or9 ‘dd ‘e16g1] yyomMdeT yynasly snyjuesepeyday VANES (FPS) LUNE fet) eae Pe BOONE Cini Od RC OU OK [1vg-org ‘dd ‘e16gr] YJOoMdeT roary[eo snyjueoejeyday 119830.1q RIARTILD ee ee eee wee eee eee eee eee eee eee eee eens | ae) zal ‘BIOQT | yqomde’T 11983014 snyjurorjeyday (qaed ut) PILUJO FT pue (qred ur) RIARTTeD = e Leah ahielleirelrelssitallesilalie Fetalpialis\ (eel la/is\keite leis! reirs elie olisl elie) sie /relieltyitetts) alta) ef alialie/) wks! pies val ‘q16g1] yysomdey] snyjueorpeyday (jared Ul) BIO] pue (g4ed ur) eraepEey ce erence ees [ito -d ‘er6gt] yromdeyT snyqueorpeydo> ysl SES OICTO- 7 0 OUD Oh OCC OHO! Oi) Cag) ODIO OIG. Tul Cia ror cIOIO iGIOemO OCOD. in peer ral ‘ZOg1 | apodace’y snyjueorypeyday IPURPAWD BIARTTED) Hee eee [SW ‘6061] Mey [(é eIMTOFT) snfoua;O] rpuepses (qred ur) W4eq[1s snijouaTO BLUE PLE Gatny) es Tate Metee aan SUI |Grs= po ate Se ORs cc tate mene Aicbes ole Sir Ae 9 reese [Stz “d ‘dQ061] OoTeAA [SH]JousTO] Sstsuapeurd PAUOD—HOVA AO HONHMAARY LNASHYd AHL HLIM ‘AYNLVAALIT AHL NI YNDDO AAHL SV “ACIOVNO “SHW HHL NI GHOVId MON SIWYOA AHL AO (SHIONdS ACNV ‘VYANADEANS ‘VUANAD AG GHONVUUYV) LSIT Joo MESON ACIDZ® AND OTHER GENERA OF OLENELLUS a[Iovis BLIOUUe \\ = IJUOWAIF SHI[OUITCQ) = IJ1oq]1s snjpouszOQ = * I}Joq[Is snjjoueyQ = SBSIS SN][IUZIQ = soproydese vreydoooydiy [yy = soproydese veyeydaoojdypqy = ereydaosoqydyyy = epeydosojydyyy = Yypnsoly eiwujoyy = eruyoy] = UOWIF sn{JIUITO = * IyJIOMde] snijoue]Q = PUPJUOULIOA SIORUOSA TT = IZ}IMYIILU STOVUOSO PY = (j4ed url) saproyy -ueseZ pue (jied ut) sloeuosayy = soproydese eyeydasoqdiyjy = soproydese vyeydaooydiyypy = eyeydssojdy[y = epeydasoydy[y = stovuosa|y = Tuosduoy} SHy{[Iue]Q —= soproydese epeydaso0ydypy = saproydese eyeydasojdypy = soproydese epeydasoydyjyy = epeydooojdiy = eyeydssojydify = Wie Token ten antVeter Homeksmanemers Patere wisies hodetep iter susieud chs. oon **Fqot al 4881] Nag! 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SIy 3h GOO S Orta SG cco 0- do St ea OC ROCE TOG DOS (Mou) Wo.eM [é BIIOUUL AA J goes a PREMIO eas See ee Sea no ae eee ee (Mau) WooeA\ [Sh]fous|O] “rea yseqs 2 TMogTs snyusjo =" Bee tnisgce ke ese Mee aan nice [fgi-zgr “dd ‘SZgr] qoq ED [(snpeus]Q) snuezo] Haeqs 5 TWaqnS snyousjQ = Retin eaten aeoe ae [a-ve ‘s8y ‘cd ‘ob-br -dd ‘ZZgr] ony AA [sHTPUIIO] Haeqns n OCS) Ny SI aS ‘ SPafecokemskere (Z ‘d ‘PZgr] onYyM [SHTPEUIO | Tyroqis o Hisg [ie SHjjauey@.== aan DP oN a ON Nag [UoTIasS JO Z “OQI “d OQOGI] FOIeAA [SHJouIIO] HAeqs i SISUSpeADU ¢ BIARTTeED =" [81 pue or ‘s8y ‘Sg jd puv ! 31 pur ar ‘ssy ‘hg [d ‘eL6gr] HoOITeM [SM]]JOUZ7O] TI 1oqs as mOUMSET UouaT() ew et a eee tres a eta ae tet. aye tic settee tie Stal nicl wlan [wu-yr ‘I-81 ‘I “s3y rs 98 ie pue {y1 pue ‘vr ‘1 ‘s8y ‘Sg jd sy pue pi sey ‘bg Jd “V1OgI] WOM [SMITOUZTO] IyJoqis a IJAIqIIS SN[[IUsTQ = [Vv By 98 He puv ! p-qr ‘sy ‘Sg ‘jd fo-ev1 ‘1 ‘sdy ‘bg Jd ‘er6gr] HooeM [SHJeuO] I} 1aq|Is 3 SISUOPBASU { eIARTTTQO =" “(Sz pure Yc ‘pz ‘oz ‘s8y ‘61 Jd ‘ogr-oZ1 “dd ‘oggr] WooTRAA [SHTPUETO] HAeq|ts a age nie hae sce le a es ne eae [ez pure c sBy ‘Iz [0 pue fw-yr ‘Ter ) — Sed gk at te Bik e elie BI ‘ssy 4 is see z9Q ‘dd ‘o061] Neqeiry [Ssn]JaUITO] 1iesso1q (erUMOF]) EAC FOR CRS 2 UN Le) ane Ra Un li Mle nc gi Te vie eve, Ep ‘dd ‘o061] ting [snyJous{O] lessoiq (eruypoqyz) 119550.1q PIARTIRD —— Oe ole ote 8 oe oc oe oe CC er ar) eZ) pue zL9 ‘dd YORI | yorog 1193301q erwuyoy] 1198301q RIART[LD SS OUID Diana ribo oj le Wcelte 8 M16, 650) le) vielen? ela iw we 6 0Xel aie [ 1Z€-oZ¢ ‘dd ‘0681 | noose yl 11as801q é PILOT] eIWUOFT sar U1 i8 } Sieh eee Retisie es) dp elapieliel act #ile) exekel (sign id e'a\ a jeliaie ie xe ke key" te, s)-ahene | ore ‘d a) ‘Sy ‘ZOQT | ao) [snyjauetO] ( e1luOFT ) eIUIOP] eee 5,6, ©) Pl ® 16/8, el(p peels) 65 oe) lela\ 8) ous) /6).6\ sie « ons etenv bier 6 teria Supls) FLon¥ cee eee [1S-oS ‘dd ‘0061 JOJO PIWIOFT Ot) sec fZi-b1 “dd ‘1061] fpodmog emuozy (j1ed ur) PIART[RD pue (q.1ed ur) PIWU[O}] sama A Se i6) Musial no 78) eT Aa 4m (5) \6i'o) ellvhie)mpeiseeela. 60) 'e) 9) 08) 01650 she wine Mi elein le. #8) 8) vis [gez “d ‘ORT | auIOFT pue yorag PILUOL] (j1ed ur) BIART[eD) pue (jared ul) Erno RT =~" Bie) aia. 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Oe LOOl |: FRET [ vipuviied] vurJUOLUIOA Se gear eE NSS Se eos cae (OUD) OIL AA [svilunapag | Ss 4 pa seeessse sss sissy yxo} ‘2411 “d ‘oogr] [TVA [erpuesieg] eurjyuouriaa SUBJISUBT] ‘sSy ‘Sr ‘jd ‘gee-of€ “dd ‘66gr] Ss9qoy [2 eNpruyos] pa10} PS eg ees Gees allie ‘d ‘ZOI | S1OqGOW [SHypeusyoO ] T]]P10} cet as (Mou) OVAL [SN]JEUS|TO] snjeursseuwtsses9 SS S26 BASEN Sy Seba Lee | ORE ‘d ‘OORT | SUOLULUST [| Seprxopeied | Cheese 6 ele siee = ac se [ Il ‘d ‘1QOST | ssull[iq [Seprxopeied | sorts ess Tg By “S yd ‘oZz -d ‘rogr] apueiieg [seprxoprieg | “*[gzS -d “Sy ‘gzS-SzS ‘dd ‘qoSgr] ]]eH [snue[o] a PQ NOO EG SL Seu.cOG-20 SeOsQr] ep, [Snus[O] “Lr sy ‘Sr yd “eSr-1Sr “dd ‘Pggr] ppeywyAA [snppoueto] *[O1-6 ‘ssy ‘1 "jd ‘1S-6F “dd ‘Oo6r] AITPIAA [SN]PEuLTO] 2 sttesssssscrqr sy “Eg jd ‘er6gr] WOoTeAA [SH]JIUIIO] ‘sdy “fg [d pue ier pur I ‘ssy ‘zg ]d ‘Vr6gr] Wooe AA [SNTPIUITO ] ‘jd 6 pure ‘bh ‘e ‘ssy ‘Zt ‘]d ‘gor-Zor ‘dd ‘oggr] Woe AA [SHTPPUTO ] ‘[z sy ‘C1 d ‘Ze pue Fre ‘dd ‘66gr] Sssqoyy [snjpoueto] “fr 8y ‘Zr ‘]d ‘gor-Zor “dd ‘oggr] WoIeAA [sNTpoueTO ] Tetseeecescesesss rer d ‘L061] WOIspury [sn][eue{o] seeeeess st essy yxoz © ‘16h ‘d ‘Oggr] Agfsa’T fsnypPuato] Bee Ou rere 0 thie, bim avete cine “pers ‘d ‘Zeer ] wo [SHy]JPue[O ] ruosdwoy} tuosdwoyy tuosdwoy} ruosdwoy} tuosdwoy} tuosduroy} ruosdwoy} ruosdwoyy tuosduroyy Tuosdwoyy [1 “sy tuosduroyy Tuosdwoy) 1uosdwoyy ruosdwoy) ruosdwoyy tuosdwioyy PAUOD—-HOVA HO AONHNAAAA LNASAYd AHL HLIM ‘AUYNLVAALIT FHL NI YNDDO AAHL SV “HCIOVNO o SHIN HHL NI GHDVId MON SWUYOA AHL AO (SHIONdS GNV ‘VYANADANS ‘VYANAD AGT GAONVUUV) LSIT 371 GENERA OF MESONACIDZ& OLENELLUS AND OTHER ISyOOM PIPRA == OS. a FS) oF0 ore: Barer. 0 Ul See Ge ark se-% ee eres 6:3 "6102 Dio 8. Whe 6 Bee. 6 tes, tee ew wee (Mou) Woe [PIPPADN ] IsyooM ISyao Mee IDE ACN =—- ek ae eive Une eae S Soe ee ne eee eee [WoT}Das JO ZI ‘6gI ‘d ‘DQO61] WoOoeAA [ILUTOFT] IsyooM POETS pieAT DEIN SG SOU ——. sie ep aia ia arate so Bit) eee ans Rapes [WoT}DaS JO IT ‘OgI “d ‘DQO6I] YOOeA\ [PIWI[OFZ] IsyaoM EUOWMT TASH TOUS [ Mt ser ah, tk a= at Seeticue eoey ee ee ane {uol}das JO Qg ‘OgI ‘d ‘SQO06I] WOoeA\ [eUUOFT] IsyaoM aploeis é PLIOUUR AA i i i a eC ee [ uor}oas jo ¢ ‘OgI -d ‘IQOOI ] OTe AA [erwyjox | Isyoom UOWIA Ty snyjyoue{Q = waleleve ete srs 0” ols silere) oye © ass) ura ss [eushal 62a «tele gb ware [ UorqDes jo fe ‘QI -d ‘IQOOT ] Wore MA [erwjoyy ] IsyaoM yey eiauueyy So 5 Be aeRO PIA PORES i Re CES OO Gi OME (Mau) WoIeA\ WEY eLuouUE A, gploeis 3 BLIOUUL A i i ec ac aa (Mou) 02]2 gpovis ¢ BLIOQUUL AA BIIQUUE AA Streeter eee eee BOY one Sid oo ae (Mau) WooPeA\ BLEUE AA THOVM EF SNJfouUsIQ = per “By ‘e -[d ‘Ze-gF “dd ‘gggr] a}s19044 pue JayeyS [saprxopeseg ] IO IeM IWJOSeM ge SMpPOUaTQ =e [z “By ‘gg d ‘ZEq-9€9 “dd ‘e16gr] HoODTeA\ FsNPoUaTO] NIOsTeM mJOITeM gg Snyfsua|Q=—= «°° Biases or a/sie' Sluice: samettonnetare Tokot oleh) seit eT ANE eTe [699 “d ‘0061] Neqeiy fsnqous]Q] 4109,eK SNUEJJONEM BMOUULAA Senet tect e eee este een eee e neers eset ae aees [t-1 ‘ssy ‘z€ ‘Jd tz pue 1 ‘ssy ‘1€ ‘Jd ‘6gz-Zoz “dd ‘1061] Jouue AA [ (eIWOFY) sNyipous]Q] snuRzoOoTeM EUPINOMI OA SIOLUOSAIY =— Lia as sft as Se ee See Bei eats ee [V e}0u ‘ogz “d ‘ogg } Suowuy [seprxopeieg ] NUOWIIA PUP TOMI OA AIS POS SIN 2 608 SAS St le Py en See Ee cen ae oar [g1S-S1S “dd ‘Zggr] wyoP{ [sN]Jeue[O] snuejuouris RIVEIMOUUID AL SIORUOSOIA ==: rhe et en ath, olin: eekerera omc ae crc suchen hes aN [gSz “d ‘1 “Sy ‘1ggI] p1oy [SN][oeue[O] snuejuOULIDA PIE MPOWI abe S Ie OSS p\le=—stke ie ap eee eas [q-e1 ‘I ‘ssy ‘be ‘Jd ‘zgi-gSr “dd ‘ggar] HoIeA\ [sHeuosoypy |] snuejuOUIIA EUEFWOUIOATSTOC MOSS IAN ie yee sree oe ee aes ce [6ze ‘d ‘z pue I ‘ssy ‘ofe-gze “dd ‘Segr] Woope AA [SIeuosaT | SnuUL}JUOUTIOA EBUPINONIIOA SEUOSaTT — Aeuls << 02 as ee ts 5 tee Seer ae Fa eere [11 “d ‘19gr] ssurjig [Sseprxopeieg] evueUOULIOA PIETUGUI SA SEIEUESO ING —. Pee se ee eae [g ‘S8y ‘S ‘[d ‘géz-£Zz ‘dd ‘19g1] apuvisieg [Septxopvieg ] eue}UOUIIDA PUPJUOLUIOA SIOBUOSA TY ee i [3y }x9} TEAS ‘d ‘qOSgr | tH [snuzto] PULIUOULIOA BURJUOUIIIA SINBUOSaT = "Ts aba on give pene ce [og “d ‘cz “sy ‘19-09 “dd ‘v6Sgr] [[eH [snue[O] eueyWoOUIIA BULJUOWISA STORUOSaT =" "TT [q-el ‘1 ‘ssy ‘Zg ‘]d ‘Z€9 “d ‘er6gr] WoopeAA [ (sleuOsapY) sn{[eue{Q] euUR}JUOUIIIA BURJUOULIOA SIOBUOSSTY = ***** G3 Sete? pere -d ‘ce “sy ‘Ihe pur of€ ‘d ‘ZO6gr] 2[OD [ (sleuOsaTY) sNifeusTO] PURJUOUTIDA SUE}ISUEI] SeIWNepeg — "°°" eee ee “*[h-z “s3y a ‘{d bao ae ‘dd ‘Fggt] ppyNYA, [SM]PusTO] euRJUOUTIOA BULIOUIIDA stowUOSaT = Ecchi ypieatersrae er ene ate eth “*[brr -d ‘qzogr] [[@H [shyfeue[Q] euejuoUuLIOA EULITOUIAIA ‘SIOEUOS II —— APU So tt ee tier sees pe ake oa [11 ‘d ‘Sogr] ssurjig [sn]Jeue]Q] eueJUOUWIIA eur juOUseA SIOEUOSa yy ==" “een” Sree ee aie [by “sy ‘1 Jd ‘gif “d ‘66gI] Sisqopy [stovuosayy] PULJUOUIIIA EULIUOWISA SIOULOSaTy = "2° 8 see Eee **|€oe -d ‘O6QI] NoossVpYy [ (eypruayss) snyeydosoydijq] euejyUOUIIA SUP}ISUEI} SeIWUNSpeg = ***"***** mrtcccescccceccececcescce*TS pue v ‘ssy ‘C1 Jd ‘ezogr] [Jey [eipueiszeg] eueuoUTIDA BUBIUOULION SIOBUOSAT Sa tet tee eeeeee “Tz ‘Sy ‘Cy 1d ‘ezQQT ] ley s[fetpuesiiegd] eueyuoUli3A a>) NI bo SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS VOL. 53 BIBLIOGRAPHY. AGASSIZ, ALEXANDER. 1878. The American Journal of Science, 3d ser., Vol. 15, 1878, pp. 75-76: Note on the Habits of young Limulus. BARRANDE, J. 1852. Systeme Silurien du Centre de la Bohéme, pt. 1, Recherches Paléon- tologiques, Vol. 1, pls. 1-51: Crustacés—Trilobites. 1861. Bulletin de la Société Géologique de France, 2d series, Vol. 18, pp. 203-321, pls. 4 and 5: Documents anciens et nouveaux sur la faune primordiale et le Systeme Taconique en Amérique. 1872. Systéme Silurien du Centre de la Bohéme, pt. 1, Recherches Paléon- tologiques, Supplement au Vol. 1: Trilobites, Crustacés divers et Poissons, pls. 1-35. BEECHER, C. E. 1895. The American Geologist, Vol. 16, 1895, pp. 166-197, pls. 8-10: The larval stages of trilobites. 1897. The American Journal of Science, 4th series, Vol. 3, 1807, pp. 181-207, pl. 3: Outline of a natural classification of the Trilobites. BERNARD, H. M. 1894. The Quarterly Journal of the Geological Society of London, Vol. 50, 1894, pp. 411-432, 17 figures: Systematic position of the Trilobites. BILurncs, E. 1861. Geological Survey of Canada, Paleozoic fossils, 1861 (November), pp. 1-24: On some new or little-known species of Lower Silurian Fossils from the Potsdam Group (Primordial zone). (See Pref- ace and Appendix, p. 419, of Billings, 1865.) 1865. Geological Survey of Canada, Paleozoic Fossils, Vol. 1, 1865; 4to, Montreal. (See Preface and Appendix, p. 419.) Broccer, W. C. 1878. Nyt Magazin for Naturvidenskaberne, Bind 24, iste Hefte, 1878, pp. 18-88: Om paradoxidesskifrene ved Krekling. Burr, H. T. 1900. The American Geologist, Vol. 25, 1900, pp. 41-50: A new Lower Cambrian Fauna from eastern Massachusetts. CLARKE, J. M., and RUEDEMANN, R. 1903. Bulletin of the New York State Museum, No. 65, 1903: Catalogue of type specimens of Paleozoic Fossils in New York State Museum. Copzo_p, E. S. 1910. The Quarterly Journal of the Geological Society of London, Vol. 66, 1910 (February), pp. 19-51: On some small Trilobites from the Cambrian Rocks of Comley (Shropshire). Coie, G. A. J. 1892. Natural Science, Vol. 1, 1892, pp. 340-346: The story of Olenellus. DATE ine 1899. Nineteenth Annual Report of the United States Geological Survey, pt. 3, 18900, pp. 153-300: The slate belt of eastern New York and western Vermont. OLENELLUS AND OTHER GENERA OF MESONACIDZ C7 Dateg, T. N. (continued) : 1904. Bulletin of the United States Geological Survey, No. 242, 1904: Geology of the Hudson Valley between the Hoosic and the Kinderhook. Epson, GEORGE. ’ 1907. Report of the State Geologist of Vermont for 1907-1908. Emmons, E. 1844. The Taconic System; based on observations in New York, Massa- chusetts, Maine, Vermont, and Rhode Island, 1844; 4to, Albany. 1846. Natural History of New York, Agriculture of New York, Vol. 1, 1846; 4to, Albany. 1849. Proceedings of the American Association for the Advancement of Science, First Meeting, 1849, pp. 16-19: On the identity of the Atops trilineatus and the Triarthrus beckei (Green), with remarks upon the Eliptocephalus asaphoides. 1855. American Geology, Vol. 1, pt. 2, 1855, pp. 1-251; 8vo, Albany, New York. 1860. Manual of Geology, 2d edition, 1860; 8vo, New York. Fitcu, ASA. 1849. Transactions of the New York State Agricultural Society for 1849, pp. 753-944: A historical, topographical, and agricultural survey of the county of Washington. Forp, S. W. 1871a. The American Journal of Science and Arts, 3d series, Vol. 2, 1871 (July), pp. 32-34: Notes on the Primordial Rocks in the vicinity ef Troy, IN. Y. 1871b. The Canadian Naturalist, new series, Vol. 6, 1871, pp. 209-212: (A reprint of the paper listed under 1871a). 1877. The American Journal of Science and Arts, 3d ser., Vol. 13, 1877, pp. 265-272, pl. 4: On some embryonic forms of trilobites from the primordial rocks at Troy, N. Y. 1878. The American Journal of Science and Arts, 3d series, Vol. 15, 1878. pp. 129-130: Note on the development of Olenellus asaphoides. 1881. The American Journal of Science, 3d ser., Vol. 22, 1881, pp. 250-259, 13 figures: On additional embryonic forms of trilobites from the primordial rocks of Troy, N. Y., with observations on the genera Olenellus, Paradoxides and Hydrocephalus. FReEcCH, FRItTz. 1897a. Additional plates (without cover or title page) received at U. S. Geological Survey Library in 1897 from the publisher with instruc- tions to insert them in Lethza geognostica, pt. 1, Lethzea palzeozoica, Atlas, 1876; ato, Stuttgart. 1897b. Lethza geognostica, pt. 1, Lethea paleozoica, Bd. 2, Lieferung 1, 1897; 8vo, Stuttgart. GILBERT, G. K. 1875. Report upon Geographical and Geological Explorations and Surveys west of the One Hundredth Meridian, Vol. 3, Geology, pp. 21-187: Report on the geology of portions of Nevada, Utah, California, and Arizona. I0O—w 374 SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS VOL. 53 GRABAU, A. W. 1900. Occasional Papers, Boston Society of Natural History, No. 4, Geology of the Boston Basin, by W. O. Crosby, Vol. 1, pt. 3, 1900, pp. 601- 604: Paleontology of the Cambrian Terranes of the Boston Basin. laliweie,, J 1847. Natural History of New York, Paleontology, Vol. 1, 1847; 4to, Al- bany, New York. 1859a. Twelfth Annual Report of the Regents of the University of the State of New York, on the condition of the State Cabinet of Natural History, etc., 1850, pp. 590-62: Trilobites of the shales of the Hudson River Group. 1859b. Natural History of New York, Paleontology, Vol. 3, pt. 1, 1859, pp. 525-5290: Remarks upon the trilobites of the shales of the Hudson River Group, with description of some new species of the genus Olenits. 1860. Thirteenth Annual Report of the Regents of the University of the State of New York, on the condition of the State Cabinet of Natural History, etc., 1860, pp. 113-119: Note upon the trilobites of the shales in the Quebec Group in the town of Georgia, Vermont. 1861. Report on the Geology of Vermont, Vol. 1, 1861, pp. 367-372: Note upon the trilobites of the shales of the Hudson River Group in the town of Georgia, Vermont. (This paper contains references to a plate 13, see Hall, 1862a.) 1862a. Report on the Geology of Vermont, Vol. 2, 1862 (date on title page 1861), pl. 13. (The figures on this plate are referred to in Hall’s paper in Vol. 1; and the plate should properly be considered as illustrating that paper. ) 1862b. Fifteenth Annual Report of the Regents of the University of the State of New York, on the condition of the State Cabinet of Natural History, 1862, p. 114: Supplementary note to the Thir- teenth Report of the Regents on the State Cabinet. Hoi, G. 1887. Geologiska Foreningens i Stockholm Foérhandlingar, Bd. 9, Hafte 7, 1887 (December), pp. 493-522, pls. 14-15: Om Olenellus kjerulfi Linnarsson. KJERULF, TH. 1873. Om skuringsmaerker, glacialformationen, terrasser og strandlinier samt Om grundfjeldets og sparagmitfjeldets maegtighed i Norge. Il. Sparagmitfjeldet, 1873. KoKeEn, Ernst. 1896. Die Leitfossilien ; 8vo, Leipzig. LACEPEDE,. 1802. Hist. Nat. Poiss., Vol. 3, 1802. LAPWorTH, CHAS. 1888a. Geological Magazine, new series, Decade 3, Vol. 5, 1888 (November), pp. 484-487: On the discovery of the Olenellus Fauna in the Lower Cambrian rocks of Britain. OLENELLUS AND OTHER GENERA OF MESONACID/A 3 NI cn LapwortH, CHAs,. (continued) : 1888b. Nature, Vol. 39, 1888 (December), pp. 212-213: On the discovery of the Olenellus Fauna in the Lower Cambrian rocks of Britain. (This paper is a reprint of 1888a.) 1891a. Tenth Annual Report of the United States Geological Survey, by Charles D. Walcott, pp. 640-641: Manuscript notes received from Dr. Lapworth under date of June, 1890. 1891b. The Geological Magazine, Decade 3, Vol. 8, 1891, pp. 529-536, pls. 14 and 15: On Olenellus callavei and its geological relationships. uesrry; ‘J. P. 1889. Geological Survey of Pennsylvania, Report P4, Vol. 2, 1889: A dictionary of the Fossils of Pennsylvania and neighboring states. Linpstr6m, G. 1901. Kongl. Svenska Vetenskaps-Akademiens Handlingar, Vol. 34, No. 8, I90I, pp. 1-86, pls. 1-6: Researches on the visual organs of the trilobites. Linnarsson, J. G. O. 1871. Ofversigt af Kongl. Vetenskaps-Akademiens Forhandlingar, 1871, pp. 789-7900: Om nagra forsteningar fran Sveriges och Norges “ Pri- mordialzon.” 1877. Afdrag ur Geologiska Féreningens i Stockholm Forhandlingar, No. 40, Bd. 3, No. 12, pp. 352-375: Om faunan 1 lagren med Para- doxides 6landicus. . 1883. Sveriges Geologiska Undersokning, Afhandlingar och Uppsatser, Ser. C, No. 54, 1883, pp. 1-48: De undre Paradoxideslagren vid : Andrarum. IMCCONNELL, R. G. 1887. Geological and Natural History Survey of Canada, Annual Report for 1886, pt. D, 1887, pp. 1D-41D: Report on the geologic structure of a portion of the Rocky Mountains. Marcou, J. 1860. Proceedings of the Boston Society of Natural History, Vol. 7, 1860, pp. 369-382: On the primordial fauna and the Taconic System, by Joachim Barrande; with additional notes, by Jules Marcou. 1888a. The American Geologist, Vol. 2, 1888 (July), pp. 10-23: Palzon- tologic and stratigraphic ‘“‘ principles” of the adversaries of the Taconic. 1888b. Memoirs read before the Boston Society of Natural History, Vol. 4, 1888, pp. 105-131: The Taconic of Georgia and the Report on the Geology of Vermont. 1889. Proceedings of the Boston Society of Natural History, Vol. 24, 1889 (January), pp. 54-83: Canadian Geological classification for the Province of Quebec. 1890. The American Geologist, Vol. 5, 1890, pp. 357-375: The Lower and Middle Taconic of Europe and North America. Marr, J. E. 1896. Report of the British Association for the Advancement of Science, 66th meeting, Liverpool, 1896, pp. 762-775: Address to the Geo- logic Section. 376 SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS VOL. 53 MatTrHew, G. F. 1886. The American Journal of Science, 3d series, Vol. 31, 1886, pp. 472- 473: Note on the occurrence of Olenellus (?) kjerulfi in America, 1888. Canadian Record of Science, Vol. 3, 1888, pp. 71-81: On the classifi- cation of the Cambrian Rocks in Acadia. 1890. Proceedings and transactions of the Royal Society of Canada for the year 1889, Vol. 7, Section 4, 1890, pp. 135-162: On Cambrian Organisms in Acadia. 1891. The American Geologist, Vol. 8, 1891 (November), pp. 287-291: Notes on Cambrian Faunas. I. The Taconic Fauna of Emmons compared with Cambrian horizons of the St. John Group. 1895. Transactions of the New York Academy of Sciences for 1894-5, Vol. 14, 1895, pp. 101-153: The Protolenus Fauna. 1897. The American Geologist, Vol. 19, 1897, pp. 396-407: What is the Olenellus Fauna ? 1899. The American Geologist, Vol. 24, 1899, p. 50: Review of Moberg’s paper “ Sveriges alsta kanda Trilobiter,” 1899. 1904. Bulletin of the Natural History Society of New Brunswick, No. 22, Vol. 5, pt. 2, 1904, pp. 260-278: Catalogue of species, and varieties of organic remains found in the Cambrian terranes of the Atlantic Provinces of Canada, etc., described in the writer’s publications, alphabetically arranged. Miter, S. A. 1889. North American Geology and Paleontology, 1889; 8vo, Cincinnati, Ohio. Moserg, J. C. 1892. Sertryk af Beretningen om Forhandlingerne ved det 14de skandi- naviske Naturforskermgde, pp. 1-6: Om Olenellusledet i sydliga Skandinavien. 1899. Geologiska Foreningens 1 Stockholm Férhandlingar, Bd. 21, Hafte 4, 1899, pp. 309-348, pls. 13-15: Sveriges alsta kanda trilobiter. Mopserc, J. C., and SEGERBERG, C. QO. 1906. Meddelande fran Lunds Geologiska Faltklubb, Ser. B, No. 2 (Af- tryck ur Kongl. Fysiografiska Sallskapets Handlingar, N. F., Bd. 17), 1906, pp. I-I113: Bidrag till Kannedomen om Ceratopyge- regionem med sarskild hansyn till dess utveckling i Fogelsangs- trakten. PAcKARD, A. S. 1880. American Naturalist, July, 1880, pp. 503-508: The structure of the eye of trilobites. PEACH, B. N. 1894. Quarterly Journal of the Geological Society of London, Vol. 50, 1894, pp. 661-676, pls. 29-32: Additions to the fauna of the Olenellus- zone of the Northwest Highlands. PeacHu, B. N., and Horne, J. 1892. Quarterly Journal of the Geological Society of London, Vol. 48, 1892, pp. 227-242, pl.5: The Olenellus Zone in the Northwest Highlands of Scotland. OLENELLUS AND OTHER GENERA OF MESONACID/E 377 Pompeckyj, J. F. 1901. Zeitschrift der Deutschen geologischen Gesellschaft, Bd. 53, Heft 1, IQOI, pp. I-23, pl. 1: WVersteinerungen der Paradoxides-Stufe von La Cabitza in Sardinien und Bemerkungen zur Gliederung des sardischen Cambrium. RAw, FRANK. 1909. On Olenellus (Holmia) callavei Lapworth from Comley, near Church Stretton, Shropshire, and a new species of Olenellus from the same locality ; Manuscript received December 17, 1909, from Frank Raw, University of Birmingham. ScumMit, F. 1888. Mémoires de l’Académie Impériale des Sciences de St.-Pétersbourg, 7th series, Vol. 36, No. 2, pp. 1-27, pls. 1 and 2: Uber eine neuent- deckte untercambrische Fauna in Estland. 1889. Mélanges Géologiques et Paléontologiques tirés du Bulletin de l’ Aca- démie Impériale des Sciences de St.-Pétersbourg, new series, Vol. I (33), 1889, pp. I9I-I95: Weitere Beitrage zur kenntniss des Olenellus mickwitzi. SHAter, N. S., and Foerster, A. F. 1888. Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology at Harvard College, Whole Series, Vol. 16, No. 2 (Geological Series, Vol. 2), 1888, pp. 27-41: Preliminary description of North Attleborough fossils; in a paper by N. S. Shaler, “On the geology of the Cambrian dis- trict of Bristol County, Massachusetts.” SuHime_r, H. W. 1907. The American Journal of Science, 4th series, Vol. 24, 1907, pp. 176- 178: A Lower-Middle Cambrian Transition Fauna from Braintree, Mass. Voecpes, A. W. 1893. Occasional Papers of the California Academy of Sciences, 4, 1893: A classed and annotated bibliography of the Paleozoic Crustacea, 1698-1892, to which is added a Catalogue of North American species. Watcort, C. D. ' 1875. Ann. Lyceum Nat. Hist., New York, Vol. 11, 1875 (November), pp. 155-159: Notes on Ceraurus pleurexanthemus, Green. 1884. Monograph United States Geological Survey, Vol. 8, 1884: Paleon- tology of the Eureka District, Nevada. 1885. The American Journal of Science, 3d ser., Vol. 20, 1885, pp. 328-330: Paleozoic Notes; New Genus of Cambrian Trilobites, Mesonacis. 1886. Bulletin of the United States Geological Survey, No. 30, 1886: Second contribution to studies on the Cambrian Faunas of North America. 1888. Nature, Vol. 38, 1888, p. 551: The stratigraphical succession of the Cambrian faunas in North America. 1889. The American Journal of Science, 2d ser., Vol. 37, 1880, pp. 374-392: Stratigraphic position of the Olenellus Fauna in North America and Europe. a id a5 378 SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS VOL. 53 Watcott, C. D. (continued) : 1890. Proceedings of the United States National Museum for 1889, Vol. 12, 1890 (February 5), pp. 33-46: Descriptive notes of new genera and species from the Lower Cambrian or Olenellus zone of North America. 1891a. Tenth Annual Report United States Geological Survey, 1891, pp. 509-774: The Fauna of the Lower Cambrian or Olenellus Zone. 1891b. Bulletin of the United States Geological Survey, No. 81, 1891: Correlation Papers-Cambrian. 1896. Bulletin of the United States Geological Survey, No. 134, 1896: The Cambrian Rocks of Pennsylvania. 1899. Bulletin of the Geological Society of America, Vol. 10, 1899 (April), pp. 199-244, pls. 22-28: Pre-Cambrian Fossiliferous Formations. 1900. Proceedings of the Washington Academy of Sciences, Vol. 1, 1900 (February), pp. 301-339: Lower Cambrian Terrane in the Atlantic Province. 1905. Proceedings of the United States National Museum, Vol. 29, 1905. pp. 1-106: Cambrian Faunas of China. 1908a. Smithsonian Miscellaneous Collections, Vol. 53, No. 2, 1908 (April), pp. 13-52: Cambrian Trilobites. 1908b. The Canadian Alpine Journal, Vol. 1, No. 2, pp. 232-248: Mount Stephen Rocks and Fossils. 1908c. Smithsonian Miscellaneous Collections, Vol. 53, Cambrian Geology and Paleontology, No. 5, 1908 (November), pp. 167-230: Cambrian Sections of the Cordilleran Area. WANNER, A. 1901. Proceedings of the Washington Academy of Sciences, Vol. 3, rgoI. pp. 267-272, pls. 31-32: A new species of Olenellus from the Lower Cambrian of York County, Pennsylvania. WELLER, STUART. 1900. Annual Report of the Geological Survey of New Jersey for 1899; pt. I, pp. 47-53: Descriptions of Cambrian Trilobites from New Jersey, with notes on the age of the Magnesian Limestone Series. Wuirts, C. A. 1874. Geographical and Geological Explorations and Surveys West of the One Hundredth Meridian, Preliminary report upon Invertebrate Fossils, 1874 (December), pp. 5-27. 1877. Report upon Geographical and Geological Explorations and Surveys West of the One Hundredth Meridian, Vol. 4, pt. 1, Paleontolgy, 1877, pp. I-20. WHITFIELD, R. P. 1884. Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History, Vol. 1, No. 5, 1884 (February 13), pp. 139-154: Notice of some new species of Primordial Fossils in the Collections of the Museum, and correc- tions of previously described species. 380 Nevadia iG 8. A large specimen of the dorsal shield preserving nearly the en- tire thorax and a portion of the cephalon. The cephalon has been restored in outline from specimens represented by figs. 2 and 3. Two-thirds natural size. U. S. National Museum, Catalogue No. 56792a. . A nearly perfect individual showing fifteen thoracic segments in the anterior portion of the thorax and eleven in the poste- rior portion. Natural size. U. S. National Museum, Cata- logue No. 56792b. The difference between the posterior portion and anterior portion of the thoracic segments is also shown by fig. 4. . A specimen that has been slightly distorted by compression, showing the cephalon and a few thoracic segments. Natural size. U. S. National Museum, Catalogue No. 56792c. . Posterior portion of the thorax. This shows five segments of the anterior portion and ten segments of the -posterior por- tion of the thorax. Natural size. U. S. National Museum, Catalogue No. 56792d. . Cephalon and portion of the thorax. 4. This represents the smallest specimen found of this species. U. S. National Museum, Catalogue No. 56792e. Enlargement of the lateral cheeks of a cephalon between the eye and the outer anterior and posterior borders. This illus- trates very perfectly the venation extending outward from the base of the eye lobe. & 2. U.S. National Museum, Cata- logue No. 56792f. . Portion of a thoracic segment illustrating the central axis, the pleural lobes and extension. Natural size. U.S. National Museum, Catalogue No. 56792¢. Pygidium (> 2) that is associated with specimens of this species and Holmia rowei [pl. 29]. U.S. National Museum, Catalogue No. 56792h. The specimens represented by figs. 1-8 are from locality (1f), 16 miles south of Silver Peak, Nevada. SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS VOL. 53. DESCRIPTION OF PLATE 23 PAGE weekst, new genus and new species (See pl. 44) ........ eee a7 SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS VOL. 53, PL. 23 LOWER CAMBRIAN TRILOBITES ke | =) Phi ; ig Miy- eae oa . | an < : a « . - > a, == para . 7 A = \ Se ; ; ze a < : Pa 382 SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS VOL. DESCRIPTION OF PLATE 24 Da PAGE Elliptocephala asaphoides Emmons (See pls. 25 and 44)...............- Fic. 1. A nearly entire specimen from the type locality (35b), one mile west of North Greenwich, Washington County, New York. The spines on the five posterior thoracic segments have been restored from another specimen. Two-thirds natural size. U.S. National Museum, Catalogue No. 18350a. 2. Pygidium and seven posterior thoracic segments of the speci- men represented by fig. 1 but without the five dorsal spines. Natural size. U.S. National Museum, Catalogue No. 183504. Figs. 1 and 2 are copied from Walcott, 1891a, pl. 80, figs. I and ta. 3. A small, nearly entire dorsal shield with the third thoracic segment prolonged into long spines. 4. Collection New York State Museum, Albany. 4. A dorsal shield 8 mm. in length with 13 segments. Whether the last segment (?) is the pygidium or a turned in segment cannot be determined. 3. Collection New York State Museum, Albany. 5. Cephalon and 13 segments of young individual in which the third thoracic segment is not prolonged beyond the others. <2. The glabella is broadened and the entire cephalon short- ened by compression and crushing. Collection New York State Museum, Albany. Figures 3, 4, and 5 are copied from Walcott, means pl. 88, figs. 1b, 1c, and td, respectively. 6. Cephalon 5 mm. in length that was used as the base for fig. If, pl. 88 of Walcott [1891a]. 2. Restored to the right of the line crossing the drawing. Locality (38) near South Gran- ville, Washington County, New York. U.S. National Museum, Catalogue No. 15413a. 7. A cephalon 3 mm. in length with glabella much like that of fig.6. 3. Locality (38a), near North Granville, Washington County, New York. U. S. National Museum, Catalogue No. 154130. 8. Form of hypostoma associated with this species at several locali- ties. > 4. This specimen is from locality (33), in the town- ship of Greenwich, Washington County, New York. U. S. National Museum, Catalogue No. 15413c. Figure 8 is drawn from the specimen illustrated by Wal- cott, 1891a, pl. 88, fig. rg. 9. A fragment preserving four of the posterior spine bearing tho- racic segments. Natural size. Locality (35b), near North Greenwich, Washington County, New York. U. S. National Museum, Catalogue No. 18350). This figure is copied from Walcott, 1891a, pl. 90, fig. Ia. . 269 VOL. 53, PL. 24 SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS n Ww E a ° = [oad = = < (od a = < 2) a Ww = (e) =F OLENELLUS AND OTHER GENERA OF MESONACID-® 383 Elliptocephala asaphoides. Emmons (continued) : PAGE 10. Enlargement of the reticulated surface of a portion of the outer cheek of an old and large individual. X 6. Locality (27), near Troy, Rensselaer County, New York. U. S. National Museum, Catalogue No. 154134d. Figure 10 is copied from Walcott, 1886, pl. 25, fig. 8. Olenellus 22 wolcoth (shaler and Foerste) ... 0... .5c0c ss hance ees eewes 341 Fic. 11. Type specimen from locality (326d) at North Attleborough, Massachusetts. The glabella is crushed so as to make it narrow at the base. This specimen was first figured by Shaler and Foerste, 1888, pl. 2, fig. 12; it is redrawn in fig. 11 of this paper. Pedeumias transitans, new genus and new species (See pls. 25, 32, 33, Svar i Eemmch IT Clearetots) i eee fem PM Perle (oe cs cin} Sic Grate) w, Fiay'n) alc Sc" oxo eh Ooatey als 304 Fic. 12. Enlargement of the seven posterior segments and pygidium of the specimen represented by fig. 1, pl. 33. This clearly shows the difference in thé surface sculpture of the Olenellus thoracic segments and that of the three Pedeumias rudimentary seg- ments and pygidium. x3. U. S. National Museum, Cata- logue No. 56808a. 384 SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS VOL. 53 DESCRIPTION OF PEATE 2s PAGE Elliptocephala asaphoides Emmons (See pls. 24 and 44)................. 260 Fic. 1. A young stage (Paraprotaspis) in which the pygidium is out- lined and the genal and intergenal spines united. ‘x 16. . Cephalon with the genal and intergenal spines slightly separated. > 2. The above described figs. 1 to 8 were drawn for me by Mr. S. W. Ford from material in his collection cbtained from the vicinity of the City of Troy, New York. The drawings ‘are somewhat diagrammatic, but they serve to illustrate progres- sive development of the form of the cephalon. The Ford col- lection is now at the New York State Museum in Albany. Our fig. 9 represents a somewhat younger stage than Ford’s fig. 1; fig. 10 corresponds to Ferd’s fig. 2. ie.) 9. The youngest stage (Paraprotaspis) of growth of this species observed. XX 25. Length four-fifths of one millimeter. U. S. National Museum, Catalogue No. 15413¢. 1o. A cephalon 1.75 mm. in length. xX 15. U.S. National Museum, Catalogue No. 15413f. Figures 9 and Io are drawn from the same specimens as those illustrated by Walcott, 1886, pl. 17, figs. 5 and 6, respectively. The specimens are both from locality (27), near Troy, Rens- selaer County, New York. 11. A cephalon 2 mm. in length that is slightly more advanced in development than fig. 2. & 10. This cephalon comes in between figs. 2 and 3 of the Ford series. Locality (29a), near Schodack Landing, Rensselaer County, New York. U. S. National Museum, Catalogue No. 15413g. — is) . A cephalon 4 mm. in length with glabella expanded toward its anterior lobe. XX 3. Compare with fig. 7, pl. 24, which has a very narrow glabella at its anterior lobe. This is about the same stage as fig. 5 of Ford’s series. Locality (27), near Troy, Rensselaer County, New York. U.S. National Museum, Catalogue No. 15413h. SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS VOL. 53, PL. 25 LOWER CAMBRIAN TRILOBITES OLENELLUS AND OTHER GENERA ,.OF MESONACIDZ& 385 Elliptocephala asaphoides Emmons (continued) : PAGE 13. A small convex cephalon. x 3. Locality (38a), near North Granville, Washington County, New York. U. S. National Museum, Catalogue No. 154131. 14. A large flattened cephalon from the limestone in locality (36), 3.5 miles north of Cambridge, Washington County, New York. This approaches in form the specimens from the shale at Greenwich [pl. 24, fig. 1]. Natural size. U. S. National Museum, Catalogue No. 15413). 15. Top and side view of a somewhat compressed cephalon in lime- stone for comparison with the cephalon of fig. 1, pl. 24, which is flattened in the shale. Natural size. Locality (45b), near Low Hampton, Washington Couniy, New York. U.S. Na- tional Museum, Catalogue No. 15413k. 16. Marginal borders, base of genal spine, and portion of cheek showing surface markings. X< 3. Locality (29a), near Scho- dack Landing, Rensselaer County, New York. U. S. National Museum, Catalogue No. 15414a. 17 and 17a. Top and side view of a thoracic spine occurring in lime- stone. X 2. Locality (38a), North Granville, Washington County, New York. U. S. National Museum, Catalogue No. 15413. 18. Thoracic spine. X 1.5. From locality (27), near Troy, Rensse- laer County, New York. U. S. National Museum, Catalogue No. 15413m1. This spine was illustrated as the telson of this species by Walcott, 1886, pl. 17, fig. 3. Pedeumias transitans, new genus and new species (See pls. 24, 32, 33, 34, TUMEUR AA CRT Sets ee eae. dh Ae Bieta Metres ates Mt Ale SE Se aS Ses Sak 305 Fics. 19, 20, and 21. Small cephalons showing genal and intergenal spines, cylindrical glabella, large eye lobes, and in fig. 21 the rounding- in of the genal angles. No. 20, X 9; No. 21, X 8; and No. 22, < 13. U.S. National Museum, Catalogue Nos. 56809a, 56809b, and 56809c, respectively. 22. Cephalon with strong protaspis characters. The genal and intergenal spines are practically merged into single spines and the frontal lobe of the glabella nearly merged into the eye lobes. X30. U.S. National Museum, Catalogue No. 56809d. The genal and intergenal spines in the young cephalons of Elliptocephala asaphoides have tae same teidency as those of this species [see pl. 25, figs. 9 and Io]. The specimens illustrated by figs. 20-22 are from locality (56c), near Helena, Shelby County, Alabama. 386 SMITHSONIAN .MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS VOL. DESCRIPTION OF PLATE 26 Mesonacis vermontana (Hall) ((See*pl: 44). 2. ons ee ee Fic. 1. An entire dorsal shield from the type Iccality (25) at Georgia, Vermont, showing 14 thoracic segments of the Olenellus type, the spine bearing segment, and ten segments of the Mesonacis type. Natural size. U. S. National Museum, Catalogue No. 15399a. 2. Posterior portion of the specimen represented in fig. I. The specimen represented by figs. 1 and 2 has been figured by Walcott [1885, figs. 1 and 2, p. 329; 1886, pl. 24, figs. 1, ta-b; and 18or1a, pl. 87, figs. 1, ta-b]. 3. Pygidium, ten Mesonacis thoracic segments, the spine bearing, and two Olenellus-like segments, of a broad form of Mesonacis vermontana 6 cm. in length. 2. This is very much like the posterior portion of fig. 1. Same locality (25) as fig. 1. U.S. National Museum, Catalogue No. 15399b. Mesonacis'? mickuiia (Schmidt) .2).... 05. o.2- 22s bee vi eee Fic. 4. Portion of the thorax with seven segments in advance of the spine bearing segment and five between the latter and the pygidium. This figure is a copy of the figure given by Schmidt, 1888, pl. 1, fig. 1, with the exception that the cephalon is not at- tached as it was theoretically placed there by Schmidt. Mesonacis torelle -<(Moberg) = 05 secs os eie cigs as chs a eee eee Fic. 5. Drawn from a plaster cast of the cephalon figured by Moberg [1899, pl. 15, fig. 1a]. Natural size. The cast is in the U. S. National Museum, Catalogue No. 24631a. sa. Side view of the specimen represented by fig. 5, showing base of cephalic spine. Figure 5a is copied from Moberg, 1899, pl. 15, fig. 10. 6. Central portions of a cephalon. Natural size. U. S. National Museum, Catalogue No. 56793a. 7. Genal angle and spine. X 1.5. Figure 7 is copied from Moberg, 1899, pl. 15, fig. 4. 8. Drawn from a plaster cast of the pygidium figured by Moberg [1899, pl. 15, fig. 14]. 2. Cast in U. S. National Museum, Catalogue No. 24631b. 9. Hypostoma. X 1.5. Figure 9 is copied from Moberg [1899, pl. 15, fig. 6]. The specimen is redrawn in figs. 10 and toa of this plate. 10 and 10a. Top and side view of a plaster cast of the hypostoma figured by Moberg and copied in fig. 9 of this plate. X 1.5. Cast in U. S. National Museum, Catalogue No. 24631c. 1. Thoracic spine. 1.5. [After Moberg, 1899, pl. 15, fig. 15.] Cast in U. S. National Museum, Catalogue No. 24631d. — 53 262 264 VOL. 53, PL. 26 SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS LOWER CAMBRIAN TRILOBITES OLENELLUS AND OTHER GENERA OF MESONACIDA& 387 Mesonacis torelli (Moberg) (continued) : 12 and 12a. Thoracic spine, top and side view. X2. U. S. Na- tional Museum, Catalogue No. 56793b. 13 and 13a. Fragment of the axial lobe of a thoracic segment with a short, strong, median spine. 2. U.S. National Museum, Catalogue No. 560793c. 14. Fragment of the axial lobe of a thoracic segment viewed in the same position as that of fig. 13a. [After Moberg, 1899, pl. 15, fig. 12.] Cast in U. S. National Museum, Catalogue No. 24631e. 15. A long spine. 1.5. [After Moberg, 1899, pl. 15, fig. 16.] Cast in U. S. National Museum, Catalogue No. 24631f. 16 and 17. Pleure from the anterior portion of the thorax. 1.5. Figure 16 represents the under side partly concealed by the matrix and fig. 17 the upper or outer side. [After Moberg, 1899, pl. 15, figs. 8 and 7, respectively. | 18. Fragment of a posterior thoracic segment. 1.5. [After Mo- berg, 1809, pl. 15, fig. 10.] All of the specimens represented by figs. 5-18 are from locality (321v), near Bjorkelunda, Sweden. The originals from which Moberg’s figures were drawn are in the collections of the Geological Institution of the Uni- versity of Lund, Sweden. 388 SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS VOL. DESCRIPTION; OF (PLAT He27 Callavia broggert (Walcott) (See pl. 44).......4 si... 4.1 -u ene reser Zs Al, Restoration of the dorsal shield of this species, based on a large number of partially preserved fragments in the limestone and numerous nearly entire specimens compressed in the shale. The specimens in the limestone show the convexity and those in the shale the general proportion and number of segments. Two-thirds natural size. Locality (41), Conception Bay, New- foundland. U.S. National Museum, Catalogue No. 18331. Hypostoma in shale attached to the doublure. Natural size. Locality (41), Conception Bay, Newfoundland. U. S. National Museum, Catalogue No. 1833!a. Portion of a cheek in limestone with the genal and intergenal spines. Natural size. Locality (42), Conception Bay, New- foundland. U. S. National Museum, Catalogue No. 18331b. A small, imperfectly preserved convex cephalon in shale. Natural size. Same locality as fig. 2. U.S. National Museum, Catalogue No. 1833ICc. Fragments of the posterior four thoracic segments and py- gidium compressed in the shale. Natural size. Same locality as fig. 2. U.S. National Museum, Catalogue No. 18331d. Falcate extension of the pleural lobe of a thoracic segment. 2. Same locality as fig. 2. U. S. National Museum, Catalogue No. 18331!e. 4 Figures 1 to 6 are reproduced from drawings illustrating this species in the Tenth Ann. Report U. S. Geol. Survey. [ Walcott, 1891] as follows: fig. 1 = pl. g1, fig. 1; fig. 2—=pl. 92, fig. te; fig. 3=pl. o2, fig. th; fig..4 == pl.o2, figs 124s ove, OZ, say, WEP sakes, (oj —— oll, Gy, ike ol, Holmia kjerulfii (Linnarsson) (See pl. 44)... 2.0.0.0 .4-. see oe Fic. 7. An entire adult dorsal shield with the glabella cut away so as to show the outline of the hypostoma. 2. Figure 7 is copied from Holm, 1887, pl. 14, fig. 2. 53 288 VOL. 53, PL. 27 SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS W 13 LOWER CAMBRIAN TRILOBITES 390 SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS VOL. DESCRIPTION OF PLATE 28 Callavia crosbyt, new SPeCieS. 2.2.5. fo 6608 een ope ae oe ec Fic. 1. Portion of a large cephalon showing some of the characteristic features of the species. Natural size. U. S. National Museum, Catalogue No. 56708a. 2. Fragments of a cephalon showing an accidental contraction of the posterior portion of the glabella. Natural size. U. S. National Museum, Catalogue No. 56798D. 3. A cephalon preserving the convexity, entire eye lobes and gen- eral characters more perfectly than usual, owing to the com- pression in the matrix of nearly all other specimens. Natural size. U.S. National Museum, Catalogue No. 56798c. 4. A specimen preserving the cephalon and a number of the tho- racic segments. Natural size. U. S. National Museum, Cata- logue No. 56708d. 5. Portion of a large thoracic segment. Natural size. U. S. Na- tional Museum, Catalogue No. 56798e. 6. A partially restored hypostoma. Natural size. U.S. National Museum, Catalogue No. 56708. 7. Enlargement of highly ornamented surface of the outer border and portion of the side of the cephalon. Natural size. U. S. National Museum, Catalogue No. 56708a. 8. A specimen preserving the cephalon, sixteen segments of the thoracic axis, and a distorted pygidium. 2. The thoracic axis and pygidium have been compressed from the sides and thus narrowed nearly one-third. U.S. National Museum, Cata- logue No. 56708g. The specimens represented by figs. 1-8 are all from locality (on), near North Weymouth, Massachusetts. Callavias burt, Mew SPECIES: 6. ..5:. wie aye are eto feces ee Henge everett ee eee Fic. 9. A very well preserved cephalon in the collection of the Museum of Comparative Zoology, Cambridge, Massachusetts. Natural size. Cast in U. S. National Museum, Catalogue No. 56795a. 10. A portion of a cephalon showing the palpebral lobe, tubercle be- tween the palpebral lobe and glabella and the marginal rim. Natural size. U. S. National Museum, Catalogue No. 56795). The specimens represented by figs. 9-10 are from locality (on), near North Weymouth, Massachusetts. aa 280 VOL. 53, PL. 28 SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS LOWER CAMBRIAN TRILOBITES 392 SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS VOL. 53 DESCRIPTION OF PLATE 29 Holmia vowet, Mew, SPeCCieSt saan. .css sn0e 2 ales ie ec Ree ieee ieee 292 Fics. 1 and 2. Two flattened specimens of the cephalon showing strong marginal rim, genal spines, and occipital spine. Natural size. U. S. National Museum, Catalogue Nos. 56801a and 568o01b, respectively. 3. A nearly entire specimen of the dorsal shield with seventeen thoracic segments, the cephalon, and a portion of the pygidium. Natural size. U.S. Naticnal Museum, Catalogue No. 5680Ic. 4. A portion of the thorax preserving seventeen segments and showing the form of the termination of the segments. 2. U. S. National Museum, Catalogue No. 568ord. 5. A portion of the cephalon and thorax. Note the very long genal spine. Natural size. U. S. National Museum, Cata- logue No. 568oTe. 6. A nearly entire cephalon. 2. U.S. National Museum, Cata- logue No. 568orf. 7. Enlargement of a portion of the outer surface of the cheek of the cephalon showing scattered tubercles. 9g. U. S. Na- tional Museum, Catalogue No. 568crg. 8. Enlargement of a portion of the surface of the cheek on which the reticulated net work formed by narrow ridges is very clearly shown. X12. U. S. National Museum, Catalogue No. 5680rth. 9. Fragment of a minute cephalon showing a young stage of growth. X12. Compare with young of Wanneria halli (pl. 31, figs. 5 and 8), Elliptocephala asaphoides (pl. 25, figs. 9 and 10), and Pedeumias transitans (pl. 25, fig. 21). U. S. Na- tional Museum, Catalogue No. 568011. 1o. A small specimen of the cephalon with a portion of the thorax. Natural size. U. S. National Museum, Catalogue No. 56801). 11. The only entire pygidium found in the collection. x2. U.S. National Museum, Catalogue No. 568ork. All the specimens represented on this plate are from locality (1f), 10 miles south of Silver Peak and three miles northeast of Barrel Spring, Nevada. VOL. 53, PL. 29 SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS ae i 4 Spiisil \Ky yaer LOWER CAMBRIAN TRILOBITES watt af ‘ Sh fe 4, - - 7) O74, SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS VOL. 53 DESCRIPTION OF PLATE 30 Wanneria walcottanus (Wanner) (See pls. 31 and 44)............cceees 302 Fic. 1. An entire adult specimen flattened in the shales and with the test largely exfoliated. Natural size. U. S. National Museum, Catalogue No. 56807a. 2. A well preserved flattened cephalon. Natural size. U. S. Na- tional Museum, Catalogue No. 56807). 3 and 4. Small cephalons showing the increase in the size of the eye in the younger stages of growth. Natural size. In Wanneria halli (pl. 31) this feature of the cephalon is more fully illus- trated. U. S. National Museum, Catalogue Nos. 56807¢c and 56807d, respectively. 5. Hypostoma crushed and displaced from its true position in rela- tion to the doublure of the cephalon. Natural size. U. S. National Museum, Catalogue No. 56807e. 6. Cast of the under side of the doublure of the cephalon, with casts of the spines along its posterior margin. Natural size. U. S. National Museum, Catalogue No. 56807/. . An unusually well preserved hypostoma with six spines on each postero-lateral margin. Natural size. U. S. National Museum, Catalogue No. 56807¢. , The specimens represented by figs. 5, 6, and 7 were figured by Wanner [1901, pl. 32, figs. 2, I, and 3, respectively]. NI ie) . Distorted pygidium of an adult individual from near York, Pennsylvania. 3. U.S. Nationa! Museum, Catalogue No. 56807h. 9. Cast of the under side of the genal spine and the doublure. 2. Note the cast of the small spines on the margin of the doublure. U.S. National Museum, Catalogue No. 568071. 10. Matrix of a pygidium and five posterior thoracic segments. X 2. Note the cast of the median spine at the third segment from the pygidium. U.S. National Museum, Catalogue No. 568077. 11. Posterior portion of a large individual preserving a strong spine on the axial lobe of the third thoracic segment from the pygidium, also, a small spine on the fourth segment. Natural size. U. S. National Museum, Catalogue No. 56807k. 12. Pygidium and five posterior. thoracic segments with base of strong spine on third segment and small spine on fourth seg- ment from the pygidium. 2. U.S. National Museum, Cata- logue No, 56807/. The specimens represented by figs. 5-7, 9-12, were collected by Prof. A. Wanner. The greatest addition to our informa- tion of the species is furnished by figs. 11 and 12. All of the specimens represented on this plate are from locality (8q), 2 miles northwest of the city of York, Pennsyl- vania. SONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS VOL. 53, PL. 30 - ‘ oy ? pas aa ) ota 4 oo tend Cy men mony ty % ks AS Safelige 5 a: SO LOWER CAMBRIAN TRILOBITES 390 SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS VOL. 53 DESCRIPTION OF SPLALE -31 Wanneria hath, new Species: is Acc. ds iie oi ie es ween oo 301 Fics. 1, 2, and 3. Cephalons with genal angles and spines in advance of the posterior margin of the head and with intergenal angles almost right angles. No. 1, X 1.25; No. 2, X 3; No. 3, natural size. U.S. National Museum, Catalogue Nos. 56806a, 56806b, and 56806c, respectively. 4. A small cephalon with short, minute intergenal spine at the in- tergenal angle. Glabella cylindrical, eye lobe large. 8. U. S. National Museum, Catalogue No. 56806d. 5, 7, and 8. Minute cephalons showing rounded-in genal angles, large eye lobes, and contraction of the glabella at the eye lobes. No. 5, X 24; No. 6, X 6; No. 5, X 16. Compare with the younger stages of growth of Elliptocephala asaphoides (pl. 25) and Pedeumias transitans (pls. 25 and 32). U. S. National Museum, Catalogue Nos. 56806e, 56806g, and 56806h, respectively. 6. Fragment of a minute cephalon with strong eye lobe, minute genal and intergenal spines. > 16. U.S. National Museum, Catalogue No. 56806f. 9g. Hypostoma associated with this species in Alabama. X 12. U. S. National Museum, Catalogue No. 568061. 10. Under side or doublure of the extension of the pleure beyond the body line of a thoracic segment. 2. U. S. National Museum, Catalogue No. 56806). 11. Upper side of the pleural lobe of a thoracic segment. X 3. U. S. National Museum, Catalogue No. 56806k. All the specimens represented by figs. 1-11 are from locality (56c) north of Helena, Shelby County, Alabama. Wanneria walcottanus (Wanner) (See pls. 30 and 44).................- 302 Fic.12. Enlargement of the pleural lobe of a thoracic segment. X 2. This specimen was illustrated by Wanner [1901, pl. 31, fig. 2]. U. S. National Museum, Catalogue No. 56807m. 13. A portion of the postero-lateral part of an hypostoma (x 6), showing ‘surface markings and five of the short obtuse mar- ginal spines. U. S. National Museum, Catalogue No. 56807n. The specimens represented by figs. 12 and 13 are from locality (8q), 2 miles northwest of York, Pennsylvania. MITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS VOL. 53, PL. 31 LOWER CAMBRIAN TRILOBITES 308 SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS VOL. 53 DESCRIPTION -OF. PLATE. 32 PAGE Pedeumias transitans, new genus and new species (See pls. 24, 25, 33, 34, AI} atid AA). 5 5 Soci cts esc Rie dy She renee elle RCT OT ee Ot 305, Fic. 1. A cephalon 1 mm. in length, exclusive of the intergenal spines. x 16. U. S. National Museum, Catalogue No. 56810a. 2. A dorsal shield with five thoracic segments and pygidium, 1.5 mm. in length, exclusive of the long intergenal spines. 12. U. S. National Museum, Catalogue No. 56810). 3. A dorsal shield with seven or eight thoracic segments and pygidium, 1.75 mm. in length, exclusive of the intergenal spines. < 10. U.S. National Museum, Catalogue No. 568t0c. 4. A dorsal shield 3.5 mm. in length with ten segments, pygidium, and large third thoracic segment. 6. U. S. National Museum, Catalogue No. 56810d. 5. A dorsal shield of about the same size as that represented by fig. 4, that has a very narrow thorax. <6. U.S. National Museum, Catalogue No. 5681oe. 6. A dorsal shield 4.25 mm. in length, exclusive of spines, with 12 thoracic segments and large third segment with pleura very much prolonged. Pygidium broken away. xX 4. U. S. Na- tional Museum, Catalogue No. 568tof. 7. A dorsal shield 4.25 mm. in length, but shortened by compres- sion, with 13 thoracic segments and a small pygidium. X 4. U. S. National Museum, Catalogue No. 5681og. 8. Two small and very distinct cephalons. 4. U. S. National Museum, Catalogue No. 56810/. g. This figure is to illustrate the natural curvature of the spine on the fifteenth thoracic segment. Natural size. U. S. National Museum, Catalogue No. 568101. 10. An entire specimen of the dorsal shield from York, Pennsyl- vania, showing four very narrow segments and a plate-like pygidium beneath the large spine on the fifteenth segment. Natural size. U. S. National Museum, Catalogue No. 56810). 11. Displaced pygidium and two posterior rudimentary segments of a dorsal shield in which the spine bearing segment is broken away. <3. U.S. National Museum, Catalogue No. 56810k. 12. A cephalon compressed laterally so as to crowd the oute~rim in about the eyes and anterior portion of the glabella. Natural size. U.S. National Museum, Catalogue No. 568rol. 13. A cephalon compressed longitudinally and broadened. Natural size. U. S. National Museum, Catalogue No. 56810m. All of the specimens represented on this plate are from locality (8g), northwest of the City of York, Pennsylvania. Most of them were collected by Prof. Atreus Wanner. a VOL. 53, PL. 32 MITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS LOWER CAMBRIAN TRILOBITES 400 SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS VOL. 53 DESCRIPTION OF PEATE, 43 PAGE Pedeumias transitans, new genus and new species (See pls. 24, 25, 32, 34, AT; Bud AA) kegs eee aislei Geir tale v gle ele Be ane etetencte ie 305 Fic. 1. A large, broad specimen with three rudimentary thoracic seg- ments posterior to the fifteenth spine bearing segment. Natural size. The posterior three segments and pygidium are illustrated on plate 24. From locality (25), Parkers quarry, Georgia, Vermont. U. S. National Museum, Cata- logue No. 56808a. 2. Posterior portion of a dorsal shield from which the upper por- tion of the great spine of the fifteenth thoracic segment has been removed. It shows the pygidium, four rudimentary seg- ments, and the impression of the under side of the great spine. fo} a ens a : SR MATa nee — SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS 402 SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS CCLLECTIONS VOL. DESCRIPTION OF PLATE 34 Be PAGE Pedeumias transitans, new genus and #ew species (See pls. 24, 25, 32, 33, AT; and Ad) :c aileqe oe ae eeheis winiere cece, NO ME alee eT eT ae Fic. 1. Elongate form of dorsal shield from locality (25), at Parkers quarry, Georgia, Vermont. x 2. U. S. National Museum, Catalogue No. 56808). 2. Elongate form of dorsal shield from York. x2. U. S. Na- tional Museum, Catalogue No. 56810g. 3. Broad form of dorsal shield from York. X1.5. U. S. Na- tional Museum, Catalogue No. 5681o0r. 4. A dorsal shield 12 mm. in length with 13 thoracic segments and long terminal telson from York. <3. U. S. National Museum, Catalogue No. 56810s. 5. Hypostoma attached to doublure by a narrow median support. From York. 2. U. S. National Museum, Catalogue No. 568r0t. 6. Cephalon with the doublure and hypostoma separated and turned back on the line of the intergenal spines. From York. X 2. U. S. National Museum, Catalogue No. 5681ow. 7. Hypostoma attached to doublure by a narrow median support. From York. X3. U.S. National Museum, Catalogue No. 56810v. The specimens represented by figs. 2-7 are from locality (8q) 2 miles northwest of York, Pennsylvania. 8. Hypostoma from locality (17a) near Montevallo, Alabama, showing perforated posterior margin. <3. U. S. National Museum, Catalogue No. 56811a. Olenellus thompsom (Hall) (See pls. 35 and.44)...............5 ssn Fic. 9. A flattened dorsal shield from locality (25), Parkers quarry, Georgia, Vermont. Natural size. U. S. National Museum, Catalogue No. 15418a. Figure 9 is redrawn from the specimen figured by Walcott, 1886, pl. 17, fig. 2. 336 VOL. 53, PL. 34 SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS 1 it kt LOWER CAMBRIAN TRILOBITES 404 SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS VOL. DESCRIPTION OF PEATE. 35 Olenellus thompsoni (Hall) (See pls. 34 and 44)............-..cececeeee Fic. 1. Dorsal shield from the type locality (25), at Parkers quarry. Georgia, Vermont. Reduced to two-thirds of natural size. This figure was published [Walcott, 1886, pl. 23, fig. 1] with a space between the glabella and marginal border. The gla- bella is crushed down even with the surface of the cheeks and the draftsman left out the line indicating the margin of the anterior glabella lobe. The same is true of fig. 1, pl. 22. Figures 2 and 9, pl. 17, represented the correct position of the glabella. U. S. National Museum, Catalogue No. 15418b. 2. A large crushed telson from locality (8q), 2 miles northwest of the City of York, Pennsylvania. xX 1.5. U. S. National Museum, Catalogue No. 56835a. 3. Hypostoma that occurs on the inside of a cephalon. Only the base of some of the postero-marginal spines can be seen and the median support, if ever present, is now broken off. Lo- cality (25), Parkers quarry, Georgia, Vermont. 2. U. S. National Museum, Catalogue No. 15418c. 4. Top view of a convex cephalon from the calcareous sandstone at locality (25a), near Swanton. Vermont. A restoration based on the specimen represented by this figure was given by Wal- cott, 1886, pl. 17, fig. 9. Natural size. U.S. National Museum, Catalogue No. 154100. 5 and 6. Two small cephalons from the Rome sandstone, locality (46), west of Cleveland, Tennessee, in which the natural con- vexity of the cephalon is preserved. This is outlined in 5a. U. S. National Museum, Catalogue Nos. 26983a and 26983), respectively. 7 and 7a. Top and side view (X 3) of a very convex hypostoma from the same locality (46) as the specimens represented by figs. 5 and 6. U.S. National Museum, Catalogue No. 26083c. Olenellus thompsoni crassimarginatus, new variety.............0eeeeeeees Fic. 8. A flattened cephalon formerly referred to Olenellus thompsoni Hall. Natural size. From locality (25), Parkers quarry, Georgia, Vermont. U. S. National Museum, Catalogue No. 56836a. Figure 8 is copied from Walcott, 1886, pl. 17, fig. 1. 9 and to. Cephalons from locality (8q), 2 miles northwest of the City of York, Pennsylvania. Natural size. U. S. National Museum, Catalogue Nos. 56837a and 56837), respectively. 53 340 SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS VOL. 53, PL. 35 LOWER CAMBRIAN TRILOBITES 406 SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS VOL. 53 DESCRIPTION OF PEATE =36 Olenellus ‘gilberit, Meek ((See pl. 43)... eee at. soee en 324 Fics. 1, 2; and 3. Cephalons crushed and flattened in a dark argillaceous shale from locality (31a), near Pioche, Lincoln County, Nevada. U. S. National Museum, Catalogue Nos. 15411a, 15411), and 1541Ic, respectively. These are the specimens to which Meek assigned the name Olenellus gilberti. They were figured by White, 1877, pl. 2, figs. 3b, 3c, and 3a, respectively. 4 and 4a. Top and side views of a cephalon preserving its con- vexity in a granular limestone from the same locality as that given for figs. 1-3. Natural size. U. S. National Museum, Catalogue No. 15411d. This is the specimen upon which Meek based the species 7 Olenellus howell. It was figured by White, 1877, pl. 2, | figs. 4a-b. Small hypostoma XX 3, associated with specimens of the cephalon of this species at locality (1P), south of Silver Peak, Esmeralda County, Nevada. U. S. National Museum, Catalogue No. 568254. OL On and 7. Cephalons compressed and distorted in fine arenaceous shale. % 2. Drawn from specimens found in locality (14), Clayton Valley’ Esmeralda County, Nevada. U. S. National Museum, Catalogue Nos. 56826a and 56826), respectively. 8. Cast of the inside of the cheek and genal spine and a small intergenal spine. Natural size. Locality (1p), south of Silver Peak, Esmeralda County, Nevada. U. S. National Museum, Catalogue No. 56825b. 9. A compressed and slightly distorted dorsal shield. Natural size. Locality (30), 8 miles west of Pioche, Nevada. U. S. National Museum, Catalogue No. 15416a. This figure was published by Walcott, 1886, pl. 21, figs. 1, Ia; and 1891, pl. 94, figs. I, ta. In these publications the anterior lobe of the glabella was extended to the front border by error of the draftsman. | o. A small cephalon 2 mm. in length. X 6. Locality (1m), south of Silver Peak, Esmeralda County, Nevada. U. S. National Museum, Catalogue No. 56827a. 11. A cephalon in which the antero-lateral angles are developed. x 10. U.S. National Museum, Catalogue No. 56828a. 12. A slightly larger cephalon than that represented by fig. 1, with large iftergenal spines, slightly developed genal angles, and antero-lateral angles and spines. X10. U. S. National Museum, Catalogue No. 56828b. 13. Fragment of a small cephalon X 4, showing intergenal ridge crossing the posterior margin. U. S. National Museum, Cata- logue No. 56828c. VOL. 53, PL. 36 SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS Ne — SS : \\ \ \\ LOWER CAMBRIAN TRILOBITES vv OLENELLUS AND OTHER GENERA OF MESONACIDE 407 Olenellus gilberti Meek (continued) : 14 and 14a. Top and side view of a small cephalon with fine antero- lateral and intergenal spines. <8. U. S. National Museum, Catalogue No. 56828d. 15. Small cephalon X 4, in which the antero-lateral angles have dis- appeared and the palpebral lobes become relatively shorter. U. S. National Museum, Catalogue No. 56828e. 16. A large cephalon doubtfully referred to this species. Natural size. U.S. National Museum, Catalogue No. 56820a. 17. Fragment of a cephalon that appears to belong to this species. Natural size. U. S. National Museum, Catalogue No. 56829). The specimens represented by figs. 11-15 are from locality (351), Ptarmigan Pass, Alberta; those by figs. 15-17 from locality (35f), above railway tunnel, Mt. Stephen, British Co- lumbia, on the main line of the Canadian Pacific Railway. 408 SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS VOL. 53 DESCRIPTION OF PLATE, 37 Olenellus. jremonti, new species (See pl: Al) anc. 1256 - eee eee Fics. 1 and ta. Top view and side outline of a fragmentary cephalon. Natural size. Locality (14/1), 15 miles east of Resting Springs, California. U. S. National Museum, Catalogue No. 56818a. 2. Cephalon from locality (52), Prospect Mountain, Eureka District, Nevada. Natural size. U.S. National Museum, Catalogue No. 568104. 3 and 3a. Top view and side outline of a strongly convex cephalon. Natural size. Locality (176), Deep Spring Valley, Nevada. U. S. National Museum, Catalogue No. 56820a. 4. Cast of interior surface of the test of a broad cheek showing the strongly reticulated surface. 2. Locality (14p), west of Resting Springs, California. U.S. National Museum, Cata- logue No. 56821a. 5. Enlargement of the outer surface of the broad cheek, the border, and genal spine. x 2. Same locality as fig. 4. U. S. National Museum, Catalogue No. 56821b. 6 and 6a. Examples of the enlarged pleure of the third thoracic segment. Natural size. From locality (52), the Eureka Dis- trict, Nevada. U.S. National Museum, Catalogue Nos. 56819b and 56810c¢, respectively. Figure 6 is copied from Walcott, 1886, pl. 19, fig. 27; where it was labeled Olenellus howelli; and fig. 6a is copied from Walcott, 1884, pl. 9, fig. 15c, where the specimen is labeled Olenellus gilberti. 7. Longitudinally compressed form of a nearly entire specimen of the dorsal shield from locality (30), western side of the High- land Range, Lincoln County, Nevada. Natural size. U. S. National Museum, Catalogue No. 56822a. Figure 7 is copied from Walcott, 1886, pl. 21, figs. 2 and 2a, a slight change being made in the cephalon, the eyes being much too long in the original figure. The form was assigned [1886 and 1891a] to Olenellus gilberti. 8. A small cephalon with short eyes and an ocular ridge. Genal angles advanced about one-half the length of the cephalon. x 6. Locality (52), Prospect Peak, Eureka District, Nevada. U. S. National Museum, Catalogue No. 56810d. Figure 8 is copied from Walcott, 1884, pl. 9, fig. 15b, where it is labeled Olenellus howelli. 9. Cephalon with the genal spines on a line with the anterior margin and with the intergenal angles. Eyes short and con- nected with anterior lobe of the glabella by occular ridges. Natural size. The specimen represented is from a limestone at the south end of the Timpahute Range, Nevada (locality —— ee SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS VOL. 53, PL. 37 LOWER CAMBRIAN TRILOBITES OLENELLUS AND OTHER GENERA OF MESONACIDAz 409 Olenellus fremonti, new species (continued) : 313g). Associated fragments of other cephalons show the genal spines located in the same relative positions as those shown by figs. 10 to 13 from locality (51), Prospect Peak, Nevada. U.S. National Museum, Catalogue No. 56819¢. Figure 9 is copied from Walcott, 1886, pl. 20, fig. rf, where it is labeled Olenellus gilbert. This specimen is redrawn (X 6) on pl. 41, fig. 8. 10. Cephalon from locality (52) in the Eureka District, Nevada, that is very much like fig. 9. Natural size. U. S. National Museum, Catalogue No. 568rof. II, 12, and 13. Outlines of specimens of the cephalon with the genal spines and intergenal angles more and more like the normal type of cephalon as shown by figs. 7 and 14. The eyes are short and connected with the glabella by an occular ridge. Natural size. Locality (52), Prospect Mountain, Eureka Dis- trict, Nevada. U. S. National Museum, Catalogue Nos. 56810g, 568i10h, and 5681901, respectively. Figures 10, II, 12, and 13 are copied from Walcott, 1884, pl. 21, figs. 2, 4, 3, and 6, respectively, where the forms are labeled Olenellus howelli. 14. A cephalon with short eye lobes, occular ridges, and normal genal angles. Natural size. Locality (52), Prospect Mount- ain, Eureka District, Nevada. U.S. National Museum, Cata- logue No. 56819). Figure 14 is copied from Walcott, 1884, pl. 9, fig. 15, where it is labeled Olenellus howelli. 15. A cephalon without distinct occular ridge connecting the glabella and eye lobes. Natural size. Locality (52), Prospect Mount- ain, Eureka District, Nevada. U.S. National Museum, Cata- logue No. 56810k. Figure 15 is copied from Walcott, 1884, pl. 21, fig. 5, where it is labeled Olenellus howelli. 16. A cephalon 9 mm. in length that has the outline shown by fg. 12 but with the eyes close to the glabella. Natural size. Locality (52), Prospect Mountain, Eureka District, Nevada. U. S. National Museum, Catalogue No. 568ro/. Figure 16 is copied from Walcott, 1884, pl. 9, fig. 15a, where it is labeled Olenellus howelli. 17. A narrow, convex, cephalon with elongate eye lobes of the adult type and with genal angles advanced as in small cephalons shown by figs. 11 and 12. Natural size. Locality (51), Prospect Mountain, Eureka District, Nevada. U.S. Na- tional Museum, Catalogue No. 56819m. 18. Cephalon with the genal spine on the left side in advance of that on the right side. Natural size. Locality (52), Eureka District, Nevada. U. S. National Museum, Catalogue No. 56810n. 410 SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS VOL. og Olenellus fremonti, new species (continued) : PAGE 19. Broad form of cephalon with the same characters as that shown by fig. 17. Natural size. Locality (52), Eureka District, Nevada. U.S. National Museum, Catalogue No. 568190. Figures 17, 18, and 19 are copied from Walcott, 1884, pl. 21, figs. 7, 9, and 8, respectively, where the forms are labeled Olenellus howell. 20. Outline of a small weathered specimen of a minute cephalon that is doubtfully referred to this species from locality (313g), Groom District, south end of Timpahute Range, between Nye and Lincoln Counties, Nevada. U. S. National Museum, Catalogue No. 56823a. Figure 20 is copied from Walcott, 1886, pl. 10, fig. 2e, where it is labeled Olenellus gilberti. 21. Hypostoma (X 3) associated with the cephalons represented by figs. 10-19 at locality (52), Eureka District, Nevada. U. S. National Museum, Catalogue No. 56819p. 22. Hypostoma associated with specimens of the cephalon of this species at locality (176), Deep Spring Valley, California. Natural size. U. S. National Museum, Catalogue No. 56820b. ' DESCRIPTION OF PLATE 38 Olenellus canadensis. new SpeCleSn +5 s a4a.c - coe haces ee ee oe ee Fic. 1. A large cephalon, partially restored in outline. The intergenal angle is not usually present in this species. Natural size. Locality (35), Mt. Bosworth, British Columbia. U. S. Na- tional Museum, Catalogue No. 568r4a. 2 and 3. Illustrations of the hypostoma found associated with the cephalon. Natural size. 2 = locality (35h), Mt. Bosworth; 3 — locality (35f), Mt. Stephen; both in British Columbia. 2a shows the convexity of the hypostoma. U.S. National Museum, Catalogue Nos. 56815a and 56814b, respectively. 4. Fragment of a cephalon, showing the genal angle extending into a spine. Natural size. Locality (35h), Mt. Bosworth, British Columbia. U. S. National Museum, Catalogue No. 56814c. 5. Fragment of a cephalon, showing the eye lobe and tubercle back of it. Natural size. Locality (354), Mt. Bosworth, British Columbia. U. S. National Museum, Catalogue No. 560814d. 6 and 6a. A small cephalon in which the marginal border is nar- row. X 3. Locality (35/7), Mt. Bosworth, British Columbia. U. S. National Museum, Catalogue No. 568r14e. 7. Fragments of a side of a cephalon with genal spine preserved. Natural size. Locality (35f), Mt. Stephen, British Columbia. U. S. National Museum, Catalogue No. 56815). 316 : | : SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS VOL. 53, PL. 38 LOWER CAMBRIAN TRILOBITES OLENELLUS AND OTHER GENERA OF MESONACIDE 411 Olenellus canadensis, new species (continued) : PAGE 8. Fragment of the telson. Natural size. Locality (35h), Mt. Bos- worth. British Columbia. U. S. National Museum, Catalogue No. 56814f. g and to. Fragments of the pleural lobe of thoracic segments. Natural size. g=locality 58y; 10—locality 354; both on Mt. Bosworth, British Columbia. U. S. National Museum, Catalogue Nos. 56816a and 56814g, respectively. 11. A minute cephalon associated with this species and referred to io << e.., Locality .(35/),. Ptarmigan. Pass, Alberta. U. S. National Museum, Catalogue No. 56817a. eo eene MECRUERSIS. NEW: SPECIES... ens k nc bacco ont tice es ve illnee veneers Fic.12. Portion of a cephalon showing the broad frontal limb, narrow glabella, and relatively short eye lobe as compared with Olenel- lus gilberti. Natural size. Locality (52), Prospect Mountain, Eureka District, Nevada. U. S. National Museum, Catalogue No. 56799a. Figure 12 is copied from Walcott, 1884, pl. 9, fig. 16, where this specimen is referred to Olenellus gilbertt. 13. Fragments of the under side of a cephalon in which the genal angles are carried far forward as in O. jremonti (pl. 37, figs. 8-12). Natural size. Locality (313g), south end of Timpa- hute Range, Nevada. U.S. National Museum, Catalogue No. 56800a. Figure 13 is copied from Walcott, 1886, pl. 19, fig. 2d, where the specimen is referred to Olenellus gilberti. 14. Outline of a small cephalon showing broad frontal limb and normal type of genal angles. Natural size. Locality (51), summit of Prospect Mountain, Eureka District, Nevada. U. S. National Museum, Catalogue No. 56799b. Figure 14 copied from Walcott, 1884, pl. 21, fig. 13, where the specimen is referred to Olenellus gilberti. Wanneria ? gracile, new genus and new SpecieS.............0.eceereeces Fic.15. An hypostoma associated with specimens of the cephalon of this species. >< 2. Locality (177), west of Deep Spring Valley, Inyo County, California. U. S. National Museum, Catalogue No. 56802a. 16. A thoracic segment associated with the hypostoma illustrated by fig. 15. This has the pleural furrow of Vanneria but the spinous termination is more like that of Helmia. Same locality as fig. 15. U.S. National Museum, Catalogue No. 56802). 17. Left side of cephalon showing strong border, and slender genal spine. 1.5. U.S. National Museum, Catalogue No. 56803a. 18. Fragment of the front part of the cephalon. 1.5. U.S. Na- tional Museum, Catalogue No. 56803b. 16—w 285 208 412 SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS VOL. 53 Wanneria ? gracile, new genus and new species (continued) : PAGE 19. Central part of the cephalon illustrating the glabella and palpebral lobes. Natural size. U.S. National Museum, Cata- logue No. 56803c. 20. A cephalon slightly distorted by lateral compression. > 1.5. U. S. National Museum, Catalogue No. 56803d. The specimens illustrated by figs. 17-20 are from locality (60b), the sandstones at Vermilion Pass, Alberta. 21. A cast in a fine quartzitic sandstone from California of a very perfect cephalon showing the heavy marginal border and the slender glabella. Natural size. Locality (14p), near Resting Springs, Inyo County, California. U. S. National Museum, Catalogue No. 56804a. 22. A cephalon that appears to have the aduit characters of the species. 1.5. U. S. National Museum, Catalogue No. 56805a. 23. Central portion of the cephalon of a small specimen in which the genal angles are rounded inward. 2. U. S. National Museum, Catalogue No. 568050. 24. A minute cephalon exclusive of spines. X10. U.S. National Museum, Catalogue No. 56804b. Figures 22-24 represent specimens from locality (1v), a fine arenaceous shale at Barrel Spring, Silver Peak Quadrangle, Esmeralda County, Nevada. DESCRIPTION OF PLATE 39 Olenelluslapwortha Peach 5 ye a oe ica ce yor eke ceeds ee Fic. 1. Dorsal shield. > 2. Specimen in Royal Scottish Museum, Edin- burgh, Scotland, Catalogue No. M4o8od. Cast in U. S. Na- tional Museum, Catalogue No. 56830a. Figure rt is redrawn from the specimen figured by Peach, 1894, pl. 29, fig. 3. . Cephalon. 1.5. Specimen in Royal Scottish Museum, Edin- burgh, Scotland, Catalogue No. M4gs5f. Cast in U. S. Na- tional Museum, Catalogue No. 5683o0b. is) 3. Cephalon. <2. U.S. National Museum, Catalogue No. 568314. 4. A small cephalon. Specimen in Royal Scottish Museum, Edin- burgh, Scotland, Catalogue No. M261te. Cast in U. S. Na- tional Museum, Catalogue No. 56830c. ‘ 5. Imperfect dorsal shield, 6.25 mm. in length. XX 3. Specimen in Royal Scottish Museum, Edinburgh, Scotland, Catalogue No. Maro8d. Cast in U. S. National Museum, Catalogue No. 56830d. 331 a ee se vw a ae VOL. 53, PL. 39 SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS LOWER CAMBRIAN TRILOBITES Olenellus lapworthi Peach (continued) : OLENELLUS AND OTHER GENERA OF MESONACID/® 6. Cephalon 1.2 mm. in length. 15. Specimen in Royal Scot- tish Museum, Edinburgh, Scotland, Catalogue No. Msr15f. Cast in U. S. National Museum, Catalogue No. 56830e. 7. Hypostoma associated with this species. > 3. Specimen in Royal Scottish Museum, Edinburgh, Scotland, Catalogue No. Ma4o4f. Cast in U. S. National Museum, Catalogue No. 5683of. The specimens represented by figures 1-7 are all from shales on the northern slope of Meal a’ Ghubhais, 1,200 to 1,300 feet _ above Loch Maree, Ross-shire, Scotland. QUICHE LEMME TIGULOIIS ME CACIA a NAc erican cece dott ctaeicn ney Enaiwntaeg aki de Fic. 8. Small, broken cephalon. 8. Specimen in Royal Scottish Museum, Edinburgh, Scotland, Catalogue No. Msiof. Cast in U. S. National Museum, Catalogue No. 56834a. 9g. Portion of cephalon. Natural size. Specimen in Royal Scot- 13 tish Museum, Edinburgh, Scotland, Catalogue No. M4076d. Cast in U. S. National Museum, Catalogue No. 56834). Figure @ is redrawn from the specimen illustrated by Peach, 1894, pl. 30, fig. 1. . Photographic enlargement (X 1.5) of a portion of the cephalon figured by Peach, 1894, pl. 30, fig. 2. Specimen in Royal Scot- tish Museum, Edinburgh, Scotland, Catalogue No. M4togd. Cast in U. S. National Museum, Catalogue No. 56834c. The specimen is compressed laterally so as to force the eye lobes in toward the glabella. . Portion of the surface of the specimen represented in fig. Io. X 3. . Cephalon with short palpebral lobe and strong outer border. <2. Specimen in Royal Scottish Museum, Edinburgh, Scot- land, Catalogue No. Ma4r4id. Cast in U. S. National Museum, Catalogue No. 56834d. . Portions of cephalon and thorax. 2. Specimen in Royal Scottish Museum, Edinburgh, Scotland. Cast in U. S. Na- tional Museum, Catalogue No. 56834e. The specimens represented by figures 8-13 are all from shales on the northern slope of Meal a’ Ghubhais, 1,200 to 1,300 feet above Loch Maree, Ross-shire, Scotland. ERI STV RR TARA F< teeters ete Ae ac me are ensues esti ero Wi whee wo dy9) ken Fic.14. A minute cephalen from the same locality as that given for yi g Olenellus lapworthi and O. reticulatus. X10. Specimen in Royal Scottish Museum, Edinburgh, Scotland, Catalogue No. Mars7d. Cast in U. S. National Museum, Catalogue No. 56838a. 413 PAGE 342 414 SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS VOL. DESCRIPTION OF PLATE 40 Olenellus stgas Peach os cnc 2303 sind ol 1s ve en ees ee ne oe Fic. 1. The type specimen. Natural size. From the northern slope of Meal a’ Ghubhais, above Loch Maree, Ross-shire, Scotland. Specimen in Royal Scottish Museum, Edinburgh, Scotland. Cast in U. S. National Museum, Catalogue No. 56824a. Figure 1 is drawn from the specimen represented by Peach, 1894, p. 667, fig. I. Olenelloides armatus Peach... oos.. o. 52.06 Se eee Fic. 2. Cephalon 2.5 mm. in length (6) from the same locality as Olenellus gigas. xx —=Jintergenal spines. aa=— genal spines. Specimen in the Royal Scottish Museum, Edinburgh, Scotland, Catalogue Ne. M2636e. Cast in U. S. National Museum, Cata- logue No. 56839a. 3. Natural matrix of an entire specimen 5 mm. in length (X 5) from the same locality as Olenellus gigas. Specimen in the Royal Scottish Museum, Edinburgh, Scotland, Catalogue No. M4z2ord. Cast in U. S. National Museum, Catalogue No. 56830). A matrix of a small dorsal shield of Olenellus lapwortht occurs on the same piece of shale and is shown on the left side. Holmia lundgrent Mobete. .eirn. sac site'.0s' wade o> in ele ibe ee Fics. 4 and 4a. Drawn from a plaster cast of the cephalon represented by Moberg, 1899, pl. 14, figs. 2a-b. Natural size. Original in the collection of the Geologic Institution of the University of Lund, Sweden. Cast in the U. S. National Museum, Cata- logue No. 24630a. 5. Central portions of a cephalon showing glabella very distinctly. Natural size. U. S. National Museum, Catalogue No. 24630b. 6. An hypostoma illustrated from a cast taken in a natural mould. Natural size. U. S. National Museum, Catalogue No. 24630c. 7. Pygidium. 3. The test is exfoliated. U. S. National Museum, Catalogue No. 24630d. The specimens represented by figs. 4 to 7 are from locality (390v), near Tunbyholm, Sweden. Olenelius gilberit War... ses. oan cs BR coe so Oe Fic. 8. Fragment of a cephalon (X 4) associated with Olenellus cana- denis and O. gilberti. Locality (35/), Ptarmigan Pass, Alberta. U. S. National Museum, Catalogue No. 56830a. Sa 347 290 SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS VOL. 53, PL. 40 LOWER CAMBRIAN TRILOBITES OLENELLUS AND OTHER GENERA OF MESONACID.® 415 Rremeliacen: GIIAROMN AMEWASDECIES. cic. Cb ons oa vicki g wena oud cd saceck avd eae 319 Fic. 9. An hypostoma associated with this species. The back margin appears to be denticulated. 4. Locality (1k). U. S. Na- tional Museum, Catalogue No. 56813a. 10. A cephalon flattened by compression in arenaceous shale. 2. Locality (17). U.S. National Museum, Catalogue No. 56813). 11. A cephalon slightly distorted by lateral compression. X 2. Locality (17). U.S. National Museum, Catalogue No. 56813c. The specimens represented by figs. 9 to 11 are from locali- ties (17 and 1k), both near Barrel Spring, Silver Peak Quad- rangle, Nevada. PUP Re MeUR SERIES, DEW SPCCIESY gam cy oud isa cas 8G sie ones ds ve tiwed sath e 314 Fic.12. Under side of genal spine showing rounded doublure. Natural size. U.S. National Museum, Catalogue No. 56812a. 13. Dorsal view of a genal spine and portions of the marginal borders and broad cheek. Natural size. U. S. National Museum, Catalogue No. 56812). 14. A small head with the genal angle on a line with the front of the glabella) x2. U. S. National Museum, Catalogue No. 50812c. e 5 and 15a. Top view and side outline of a cephalon, showing the heavy marginal rim and large spherical anterior lobe of the glabella. « 2. U.S. National Museum, Catalogue No. 56812d. 16. Enlargement of the surface. <6. U. S. National Museum, Catalogue No. 56812e. The specimens represented by figs. 12 to 17 are from locality (tv), 3 miles north of Valcalda Spring, Esmeralda County, Nevada. CAG LORI GanaSVa NVA GOLD) hyn tanta ntsieeotls ctr cnc.c «ooo elaklehb seine ee 343 Fic. 17. Illustration of the type specimen of the species. “2. U.S. National Museum, Catalogue No. 15407a. This specimen was first figured by Walcott, 1884, pl. 9, fig. 12. In both instances the broken portions have been restored from other specimens. 18. Under side of a genal spine and connected parts of the cheek. Natural size. U. S. National Museum, Catalogue No. 15407). 19. A small cephalon, & 2, with a more slender spine than that of the larger cephalon represented by fig. 17. U.S. National Museum, Catalogue No. 15407c. The specimens represented by figs. 17-19 are from locality (52), Prospect Peak, Eureka District, Nevada. 416 SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS VOL. DESCRIPTION OF PLATE ar 53 PAGE Olenellus cf. gilbertt (See pl. 36).7 Fic. 1. A large cephalon showing the cast of the inner surface of the cheek and with the left side restored beyond the broken line. Natural size. Compare with figs. 3 and 16, pl. 36; also with fig. 2, pl. 39. Cast in U. S. National Museum, Catalogue No. 56833a. 2. A small cephalon. 2. Cast in U. S. National Museum, Cata- logue No. 568330. 3. A broken cephalon preserving the left palpebral lobe. Natural size. Cast in U. S. National Museum, Catalogue No. 56833c. 4. A telson referred to this species. 3. Cast in U. S. National Museum, Catalogue No. 56833d. The four specimens represented by figs. I-4 are from the conglomerate limestone at Bic, and are now in the Museum of the Geological Survey of Canada. Olenellus logant; mew"Species =... .~ .:...n. ae ce gasses nie ee Fics. 5, 5a, and 5b. Top, side, and front views of a small and very per- fect cephalon. Top view xX 6, other views X 2.5. Cast in U. S. National Museum, Catalogue No. 56832a. 6. A cephalon X 2, with right side restored in outline. Cast in U. S. National Museum, Catalogue No. 56832). (See note under fig. 7.) Pedcumias transitans, new genus and new species (See pls. 24, 25, 32, 33, 2Avan Vad) s Ve uwer occa wise estes aie broke Oke ROR ee EEE Fic. 7. Top and side views of a large cephalon. Natural size. Cast in U. S. National Museum, Catalogue No. 56842a. The specimens represented by figs. 5, 6, and 7 are from l’Anse au Loup, Labrador, and are now in the Museum of the Geological Survey of Canada (5—catalogue No. 414d; 6= 414e; and 7= 416). Olenellus fremontt, new Species (See pl, 37)’. «i... ..danne en eee Fic. 8. Enlargement of the specimen represented by fig. 9, pl. 37, to show surface, glabellar lobes, and union of palpebral ridges with glabella. x6. U. S. National Museum, Catalogue No. 56810e. Callavia bicensts, Hew SPECIES. 6 ii. act ce sick eehne Yencke ie Fics. 9 and ga. Top and side views ( 1.5) of a cephalon and 5 thoracic segments from locality (2r), 2 miles west of Bic, Quebec, Canada. U. S. National Museum, Catalogue No. 567944. Callavia, ‘sp. undt. 0s to OE Pe ee ae Fics. 10 and 10a. Ends of pleure (2) associated with the specimen represented by figs. 9 and 9a. U.S. National Museum, Cata- logue Nos. 56843a and 56843b. respectively. * No reference to this form occurs in the text. 333 305 320 277 279 SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS VOL. 53, PL. 41 LOWER CAMBRIAN TRILOBITES 418 SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS VOL. 53 DESCRIPTION OF PEATE Callavia callavet Lapworth... 3..: 2. 021 oe: oes ee 282 Fic. 1. The right hand side of this figure is a photograph of a speci- men natural size. The left side is a photograph of the same specimen reversed and joined to the other with great care from measurements of the glabelia. The central part of the cheek was broken out and has been recemented, as also the posterior of the two cracks across the margin. The cheek is slightly bent downwards along a line running about midway between the glabella and lateral margin; when this is allowed for, the head is 3 to 4 mm. wider. The very oblique lighting gives a false impression of strength to the 3d and 4th glabellar furrows. Original in the collection of the University Museum, Birm- ingham, England. Cast in the U. S. National Museum, Cata- logue No. 56796a, to which it was presented by Mr. Frank Raw. This specimen was collected in Comley quarry, on Little Caradoc, near Church Stretton, Central Shropshire, England. 2. Side view of cephalon represented in fig. 1 showing the con- vexitv, form of the glabella, cheek, border, and intergenal spine. Natural size. Callawia cartlands (Raw iGMS) exe oo. eon.s 2 nes een ne ee 282 Fig. 3. The type specimen 4. Side view of the specimen represented by fig. 3. Natural size. The specimen represented by figs. 3 and 4 was collected at the same locality as the specimen of Callavia caliavei repre- sented in figs. I and 2. Original in the collection of the Uni- versity Museum, Birmingham, England. Cast in the U. S. National Museum, Catalogue No. 56797a, to which it was pre- sented by Mr. Frank Raw. SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS VOL. 53, PL. 42 LOWER CAMBRIAN TRILOBITES Mins eh Clr hae A20 SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS VOL. DESCRIPTION ‘OF PEATEs Laniulus poly Perms with na acroecteroeeie thee dost heoa coisas, oles Cero ke ee ene Fic. 1. Inner surface of the test of the eye of adult Limulus showing cones with a minute opening at the apex. 6. The sharp apex of the cones is shown near the edges where they are seen more in profile. 2. Exterior of the same eye of which the interior is shown by fig. 1. The pits and ridges of the test between them is finely Showaleee7e 3. A portion of the outer surface of the eye represented by fig. 2 enlarged to 25 diameters. 4. Enlargement of the outer surface of the eye on a cephalon 7 mm. in length. X25. This represents the eye in a younger stage of growth than that represented by figs. 2 and 3 where the pits have ridges between them that are flatter and broader and more like those of Olenellus gilberti as shown by fig. 5. Olenellus gilberit Meck (See. ply 36): =. a. 2 bec ae eet siete ae Fic. 5. Enlargement of the visual surface, palpebral lobe, and portion of the glabella, X 75, of the cephalon represented by fig. 6. There are 42 openings on the portion of the visual surface exposed. These openings and the ridges separating them are similar in appearance to those of the eye of young speci- mens of Limulus polyphemus as shown by fig. 4. 6. A small cephalon. 50. The right eye of this is shown in fig. 5. The specimen represented by figs. 5 and 6 is from the lime- stone at (35/), Ptarmigan Pass, Alberta (see pl. 36, figs. 11- 16). U.S. National Museum? Catalogue No. 56828f. sf 239 SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS VOL. 53, PL. 43 LOWER CAMBRIAN TRILOBITES 422 FIG. Om BW DN CoO NI Q. SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS VOL. 53 DESCRIPTION OF PLATE 44 PAGE . Nevadia weeksi Walcott (pl. 23): 22... . .. «2 oe s+ «n/a , Mesonacis vermontana (Hall) (pli 26)... 35-22 - eee 264 . Elliptocephala asaphoides Emmons (pl. 24). «..-.....-...%.-.0 269 . Callavia broggery (Walcott): (pli 27)... 25.6225 4 ee eee 279 . Hola kjerulh (Winnarsson)) ¢(pl. 27) 02. 2) see ee 288 . Wanneria walcottanus (Wanner) (pl. 30)...........:....--+ 302 . Pedeumias transitans Waleott (pl. 33)... <. . 2.5 scene 305 . Pedeumias transitans-Wealeott (pl. 33)... 6-4) eee 305 Enlargement of the posterior portion of fig. 7 showing the rudimentary segments and pygidium beneath the telson-like segment. Olenellus thompsont’ Hall (pl) 35)... 3... 22st 336 The above series of figures is reproduced in order to illustrate the variation in the principal genera of the Mesonacide, also in order that the student may at a glance note the changes from the most primitive form Nevadia (fig. 1) through one line of descent, as represented by figs. 2, 3, and 7, to Olenellus (fig. 9). On another line of descent the figures serve to illustrate through figs. 1, 3, 4, 5, and 6 the probable line of descent from Nevadia (fig. 1) to Holmia (fig. 5) and on to Paradoxides. MITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS VOL. 53, PL. 44 a - ra DPN LOWER CAMBRIAN TRILOBITES LF 7 oe OLENELLUS AND OTHER GENERA OF MESONACIDZ& INDEX Note.—The first reference to each of the species described in this paper gives the page upon which the description begins and the figure references. Refer- ences to the description of certain parts or features of a species are only given in the index if the description occurs outside of the detailed description of the species. For instance: the description of the pygidium of a certain species will be found in the description of that species and there will be no specific reference in the index to the pygidium unless it is described or discussed at some other point in the paper. The list on pages 351-371 may be regarded as a completely cross-referenced index to the synonymy in this paper, and only the actual references as they occur in the synonymy will be found in this index. PAGE Ne sanonny (era lenmaterins! = 2 Merah cu ae Oke ilo EArt es ONG NE er ere ek ee 234 Fampotrerd, saritials tacowmed, mentioned . 4 6% ifs eae oecic dew eledee ee ene owe 318 adamsi, see Orthotheca. AGASSiza Alexander Dibliggnaphic TETereNnCe, cs. 4..deles actcweed acs ace orleans 372 OietMemBabitSm Ot -VOUMeteTIIWleeS enn, ween ses. ota, cies rekeeeh ob chet oleh 241 MASE MmILGHe eras PUES stilt cemtae ci emo che oo feicie Aieis.kiaesb ie oe tole mk ia ee a he 237 Agnostus granulatus Barrande, intergenal spines of..................005 237 PenOsims ren BaAttanGe. titere etal, Spimes) On ws ihci/astcuers 2 ota)scrle os ila cisiene 237 AS OMDGS. TUSMTO MCT! NS eats eet Oe ee Bae ea ee aL ee aie 318, 348 Alabama, young cephalon of Pedeumias transitans from described... .308, 309 miberiviiaa descendant of the Mesonacide........2..b....ceng eee nc nee eee 254 iconktannsediments..treshiwatersOrieim: Of cide. «tis dene iets os oreeela 6s) chejee ele 252 americanus, see Hyolithes. MG GAO ETOSSISE hl OTE ts Meee atneuiren re tas tees hate ato tre bieteie iesbousee « 290 Annelidian-like ancestor, development of Mesonacide from.............. 249 Anse au Loup, see L’Anse au Loup. Nite nIO MOLEC Ck Dy Bre a ate Ocak bettie PAI SE ee 247, 328, 345 Sicatigzapaic aistribution tabulated... i ssneted. Poses iS... 251 canadensis, see Olenellus. cartlandi, see Callavia. SE aeemeN ENA ishl, SROSMR ALOU, pails asic sacs « «aw b's Varserlen Vn bo ctaale duties 319 Cephalacanthus Lapworth, in synonymy................++2++++++274, 275, 286 17—w SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS VOL. 53 PAGE Cephalacanthus bréggert Lapworth, in synonymy....-............0.0000- 279 collaves. Lapworth, in ‘synonymy <..ic.ss bee ee tle ee as ee 282 Roerulie leap worthy snl SymMOnyiniyie terete cite ota ence eet ae 289 Cephalon,, development:of 0005 8. cia, 0s eke Been ee 236 Segmentation wok asseae hes aieeds oe ae aerate eee oa 237-238 Ceraurus, specimens of found lyineonithein backsis.m.eaee eee 241 cingulata, see Kutorgina. Glarke, Johny M., acknowledementise 5.921) ee cree eee 235 Clarke, John M., and Ruedemann, R., bibliographic reference............ 372 claytont, see Olenellus. Clevelandilennesseesfossilsmimomaeey pen iii cea ioe ere eee 310, 340 CobboldisEees= bibliographicsreierencess: nee meetiee aoe eee ee 372 Coleni'GVAC YW, bibliographic references n..5..55 coe eee ee 372 Comey -quarry; fossils (irons. 2% 2226. seee kin teas oe i a ee 282, 283 Gomley. sandstones fossilspainom-ey-ics nonin tate act ee eee ee 282, 283 communis, see Hyolithes. Conception Bay, fossils) ht Onis ..o s,s clos Seen Ra eso neo one 280 crosbyt, see Callavia. Cruziana, the trail of a mud burrowing trilobite................: 2.2 ae 242 Curtice; (Cooper, sacknowledements<2:2...000 2 ose ae eee eee 235 Daley Ti Nelson -bibliceraphic references <..ceeien ee oe hisstshan tae B72 378 on theyGreenwich, formations ©... ch+ 0+ ws seers oe 266 elongata, see Stenotheca. eiiral Ud ese tOASTISM ATO TIT GMele nt care fits ac/t eo Seses is bsyeivintn © e/loccieistes wet een acne 340, 341 Ppa. ID MOP taApiie, TEFEIENCES 36.25) 620s i. vc cclerndeeccectseoeueae 373 erecta, see Nisusia (Jamesella). Pape Gln Pe WEISS GROTEL OY ons ate ets Sts ah <6 « of 6capa"s, 0 « 6: 24. eee oe eee eee 285, 322, 320, 345 highlandensis, see Billingsella. Holm, G., bibliographic references... c....s¢~. vk So sen ee 374 Flolenia: Matthew in. a. Seca Se sda waralegrreens Gale biee Gein Cen an 286 Beecher, .in Synonmymiysisc ce. etek ote oe ee 286 Cole, in! synomymy../:..cccis ots eae nhs nae Serie Pe ee 286 Frech, “in ‘syflonyaty/o.txvisns «6m oeedislor ela ete eee 286 Lindstrom, Anwsynonyimyiee. soeceee Heo een ene eae 287 OLENELLUS AND OTHER GENERA OF MESONACIDA Holmia—Continued. PAGE AVIS CMTS VRTOTL TMI Cet eronc cvs (ovcnonc shay arofoo s/. bel ctshare cleelale Cae’ 286, 287 MiciibhnengeriitMSUATOTIVINYR sae tele ckctenioe cic o'verhn ein Gone c blake 286, 287 IMiGher omnia sya Oliuinyeryrcnt eer eastern care had ccs er's ore cattery 275 Reachwandedlosies 1ieSyMOMyiVicere. shes sees Sow cles 275, 286 Rem peeks HMnuESyMOMymy 290 compared with Holmia kjerulfi.............004444++ +289-290, 292 ii Ma/SUOVATE, (008 oc oe, Gea eae tees Si aaa Cae RAP Agi) Sues ine Saale a 244 Midge Ms MME RUMP ire HAI ASS A Sais, n/ateiagrs Leis sd eh ow a hd 247, 270 Sianerapmicmdistibuton tabulated: .25.255..02..-6-22 000s 251 SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS VOL. 53 Holmia—Continued. PAGE YOWEI, NEW SPECIES. 2.0... 500 vein ae WEVA Mee an. SEO 2y Pl 2s ieee compared. with Holmua Rierulive aces tase ee ee 205 development of thorax imi <> -yartemnexe cies oi on ee 244 Iie SVMO MY Iys <. se -ouecapbceas oucne6 241-242 WMiesonacis’ Walcott, shee vs a acirus foe. ok eke ae ch even oe oe SCE eee eee 261 Colevinvsynonyimly? ecsedc sos wohle ouccns oe eet Ee eee ae 261 Mobére vine symomuyamiys 2) Acm aces veneers reece et ee 2061 Reach ands Hone ime syirOtlyailyircq sae snecieuier eit 261, 2607 Wralcotts, imssymomuymmiyyoie.: clonic. cies ieetemsre arin cis Senne ror 261 Willers an sSy mi onnyamyecssziec.eccuctegsoe a etinietedeaieic nc ote ek ree 262 compared: with Biipiocephalay: 2) xctcckc nae ces. cwe Uncen eee 269 INE ACTER Met ot eee RM ANE EN nts Ste aIyS ic) io 5.4.0 0 c 257 Olenells ee Hee ok Gs Ri a eels od AOA ne ee 304 FECL CWI MUS IME isttste oie ese eo EEO 266, 304, 306 GTLOATAU tha, PPR OO eee SEAN 208 delinittation; ot enlists kage. Cheon cs hae ne One ee 246 development of, Show ans diagraml ss: oa- eye eee ee 249 developmentJot, thoraxinie Osa. as of oes a alee eee 244 linewextinct un lbowen |Gambisidi secs ces Wate ke eee ener 240 ianKeralolenaeGl a nin ion oo soe 233, 236, 245, 247, 248, 250, 263, 288, 295, 306 Species rererred to the sents) listed/y:--.m. aaa soem seen enters 232 stage in development of thorax defined: ..°.....>.+2--.5. sen 244 stratigraphic distribution tabulated: ...<...........c.4) sane 251 mickwitsi (Schmidt) ...............262, pl. 26, fig. 4; text figs. 16 and 17 Peaches synOnyany cic serine da can aoe eek Dee een eee 262 compared with Mesonacis vermontana.............-++-+-++: 263 meneri@ celatioms ao As ia Gh a) nalne scetcieee we seed erate re ne 263 TMETIGLONE Gig ite eye goa oo ePidetae rep ecto ce ence th aS ee ae Ce 247 Straiorapmics distimbtation ita bulate dsm ait eset aire 251 HeLN FaK CIN TO} DY ieee) hos enim ere hoe ot tac Grose oko Gana clouar ad 264, pl. 26, figs. 5-18 CompanediwithOLEMella sre eSpretokte cietecteuslet i: ites = eee 342 hy, POStOMial.Oiky we ewes teens Oe echoe miaemecet 2+ eee aati 244 ILEMPTOMEG We Wee soos ona es esis Oe ane She Aisaee ue ONS ee 247, 341 Stramenaphic distbutlom mtabtilated ss. se ectelnie aie nacen ieee 251 saaimonwenle (lealeiih) See emoangaoneneaoe 264, pl. 26; figs. 1-3; pl. 44, fig. 2 Manrvone postermor Semmients) Oller elere e eis seein nara 313 Moberexait symomytmiysac as h4 coe to teclere cis oc ene eae 266 WwEilcoiin nine Gyancubonhie po noudoodoucOmanecen oe ddadodso5occ5 265 compared with Mesonacis mickwitzt...........000-00ceesee 263 Nevidta RUCERST 6.0.55 iawi aie oo Coogee ae eee 260 Ole el last (BGS OSk. ciciius keoras Hels ocomaids reheat OT 32 Olenellhis; thomps ott cscicsyes deg ies cee eee ee 338 PEGCUMNIES IKONSIEANS oa): «ccleaner eaters 306, 308, 338 geographic’ distribution! Oley. sccm. . ac corer citer ee eens 253 IMENICLOILE dre. Wea Sons oe ee Seether nee 247, 250, 256, 264, 269 posterior portion of compared with telson of Olenellus thomp- Ryo] CME ee ROR NR TOGO eS COREE eri se C nant sas Grae. 2233, 200 Stratieraphic a@iStributiom mabulatedineca.smiiteisccnt teen ieee 251 OLENELLUS AND OTHER GENERA OF MESONACID/E PAGE Miesomacis \ Olenelius mm Peach,) Mh sSYMOMyIMy sols chcele oes. /cteilew sleicre leva ene 261, 268 Mesonacis (Olenellus) asaphoides Peach, in synonymy.................. 271 Metadoxides magnificus ? Grabau, in synonymy..................00000+- 204 mickwitst, see Mesonacts. ME CLIN GM Spe IIVETILT OME me ee Seren or etr. lest vos sreia’ ohm stiahal slots ausih @ phen olan aod 348 VICE ORI ERCMILIS TES TTL TEL OMG Cys is. Seis: cla i ool « caus Ce Beals shar syste niahialatee ache oudenaren 279 Micromitra (Iphidella) pannula, mentioned................0cc sec ee eevee 318 Pets es DibliGP ra pie) LOLEHEMICE n10,> is)... aris ds, euslde wa Gereieccmte Bs ville 376 Wiobercm one Chitravacknowmledomlentssr ac c1acty. oal.<0 step ode ae cia csnees 284 iD liMoTmap MiCHEerenenCeSmramrit terse. «shih eels itete ae toteentraReeha shes) nish Malas 376 iain SiaanORAVVGLY MARY 5 Rt Sen vcs ea ees BB tig oa Ot ar ee eae a Se et ae, ae meee ae 264 Moberg, Joh. Chr., and Segerberg, C. O., bibliographic reference......... 376 mobergi, see Obolella. Pesce nMlOn ISSIIE TOT woes | yatate ects atte: ees Dale oa salete Gai sed dsnays 302, 310, 340 Manito vallonshales tOSSilSE ROT sep c ateldasrapete) sal clodsicSovoei uae Stun ake ekearckee 340 MiciintipA OS WO sLOSSIIS wht Otay. secraamdckes Olexd ot ccetioras Sieidte saeco ser atcnre 310, 330 Monin Tally (Eas oscllerancorle ce eatemae Gite yn ose eee ae Ono Mce a ee eee 339 Nie She PLE mnOSSIISHIENOMes ea aaberities fonts Setoicke © Aud ae atone actors 318, 330 MioIEMlNites BrOSSULS: ht Ofmbtracueicgorteratmec cis beer aleveran eis. staiereiaie ous civil Sele 319, 330 Momnt sWhyte formation, fossils from: ......2.... 9...2:.. 318, 319, 330; 331 PETES EAT CTL Cl Manet Pe AT IL We earn ee Mite tw EWAN OLIN ONY OR Od tere pe ras Ma aed. 301 nevadensis, see Callavia. UAL OUT CAVES CINULS So eRe ot a hee ered Heer ore ears ec evcre iat ad Sh atiobates oor # Seclat claus odes Seabee eee 256 sien omer abellatHlObe tine yee ee aie ck rusmeus aciict erwin s ohio hielo e242) AS COMpPakede with MIptOGePMGld-awysts uct. wclssisds 2 cece ones 256, 257 WAS OUTS DS ato Vad Shue Ud HO rab Ue RE REI ed ae eee cere 257 (HEMMER 5 ELE CE RUBS, Rit ROR E LER Oe BE OO Oe aE ee 256 [AGT CTR ee lek Aarts cyt as 5 chain, HIG EAE ROES CORE RR SEN Reo ee JES ole Mahim MOM Omne CI Sensis ss ae ecing eS riside toate we siecle s akiean ola 246 developmenthor wsnown in) diaeraim «4202s se heed cote oem ceca ene. ¢ 240 developments Oly eno fax ol dere. pavarerrseakste mie i 4 stars elie oe sos «ace so Oa 2 AOIIFAH ON NILCe GHEE GOVE IHKOT Me OVE Ae Calg cites eCCk eee OIE ECIE loic aie acae aeras, ae 253 Hein OMed: peer tar nen tate eter 2004 DAA OAy OAS, 26O S60 k205 nearest approach to Annelidian-like ancestor..............256-257, 260 new genus, species reterred to the genus listed.................... 232 Stacemn- development ottnotax Cenmedian,sh.c2. eu cesses snes «alee 2 SEATS SUMO Witt iil LQM CLM See ohn Schein wa svSis Sarale al ss all Siale. sts lela aoanetelena 313 Sraorapmichaistm bution, tb Ulateds ac ariciccss cits oe cies SiveRersee ose tees 251 AON alee TICS AN el a ene 5, 27 ee) eh eR ORBLE cb a oe ae et A Ren 250 NWie@vuagdid, WEERSI . i.chs<06.5. 257, pl. 23, figs. 1-7; text figs. 14 and 15; pl. 44, fig. 1 Aurea miDelar OWS ils ase cess ew tka o5%0 eee wie sve av! obhd de © Spd shave 242 eempared with Lliptacephala asaphotdes. ooo. 6 cian .Haeiltae ont ods 260 WEES OMGGUSCCHINU OTL x.0s csc nrot mio hesyo. eis ae toh Seateiere pws oe 260 RIDER Mca Tre PRN Ss FGA jot kina scikls’ aye, « Peed si aie.4 ele wPMOy 240, (205. 300 STraMme tapmicrGishmiputiOm tabulated. cr. .jas o.c's cies cc teea sisi ines ike Sale te mleaiee 282 GONOMEN SNS Ate WinSDECIES ) schiiets ee toile ch tievenalsie els chs leree 316, pl. 38, figs. I-10 PISSOEIALECMLOSSIISMIIGLEC:-(acce-caat GU oleate) etme ker fer toe me ace bees eek 318 compared with Olenellus fremontt....... 00.00. cccceecee ees 317, 318 UCRELLUS CIDER Dy a citietasis AROS ee ae oe ee ee 318 Ole nes Joubert Vals, esi cpetite eee a Rea we See alt Gs 331 SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS VOL. 53 Olenellus—Continued. canadensis—Continued. PAGE compared with Olenellus reticwlatus. 6... 000-4 s0.eeeeese ees GOO Ola ne lsc tHOmupSOmn ac scueiee net eh wee tt aren eee 317, 318 Peachella tdGtngst icc: ook Late ee ee eae 343 EVE MODES AT ahi ehh chive eles wore aes dl scat ayes engl ese Siete ee eae 239 eyes compared with those of Olenellus logant.............+.. 335 Seorrapme Gisthibutiony Ole ee eae ee oie cele ene 252 hy postoima vOk SL Ss 2 Mis fe okie ita aeyeaa ie he ecient eee n 244 Tl SYTLONUY MAY Sees, Tee vase lai val diay Sotue eset ot ove tg Ie aera 316, 325 IMLOICIOMER > exer cred hore ates eo eae ein ee eS 254, 248, 314, 328 stratigraphic distribution tabulated: ib ee 251 CHOWLO ME: MEW SPECIES oa «vo vess, haa lok chouc oy chaeageeatede: ie Bee 319, pl. 40, figs. 9-11 compared with Elliptocephala asaphoides............0cece0es 310 Olenellussfrenionit . P80. no cecie seis oct ie eee 310 Ollenellis lapworthi oa tanyten aa. ee eee arene 319, 320 Olenelias: thompSont ie Van cae aa oe ete oie eaten heres 310 PEdeumias IMmanstians. ide. ese ane ane cee ee cee 320 Wannerta walcottanus S22 2ee saa cele eae 319 ANC TILT OME Cai. ke aes 3 aE Sect Ie eEeee er eee 248, 314, 315 stratigraphic: distribution ‘tabulated 00.7.2. 30. ee 251 fnemonth, New SPECIES. . os.tele sds s ss oe wes 320, pl. 37, figs. I-22; pl. 41, fig. 8 compafed ‘with Olenellus \? ‘argentus: 31...2. dts: une eee 315 Olenellisnocnad esis). mck. hee eee em Ty GeSaire. Olenellusclaytomiaer: cies eae wise a ae See oe 319 Olenellus gilbentt (oie. 3.8 oa akies Sante sae Wage e ee eeD OlenehiusTapwortni we... acen aur coon ee Eee 322,.332 DlenellUselo gant ed cl sokesoc-at chemo aero Bae an ee 335 Olenelius thompsont 8a ne ee monn coe nee eee 322, 339 Peachellaiddingst): Oo. oases. 2 iteea ene ok, ee 343 CVE ODES YIM. alae eros feats he ee te STS ns ee 239 TEOSTAPMENGISEK UM tOMe Olen ierombe cece clelers Siete lee aera 252 hypostoma: OF, qc. fami penPidein veces alec is Daven Oe en eee 243 compared with that of Olenellus gilberti.....:........ 328 gilbert: and Pedeumias transitans...............00+00 322 Lin Siy MONLY TMUVats sais Netesie wae eked blarcvs aay eine GUO aE ee nee 321 TMEMtIOMEds aa. es se ee ole 2 A2AG) 250; 205, 300) eet cO mec maEaaG Stratioraphicadistmbutiom cab ulatedtere cece eles eee nce eee 251 Feed Ned] Gaal BA CHO AN SA cd acs ea ER CORR REE RRIAD enc acieree orto 6. c 323, pl. 40, fig. I Peach in Sy Monyiniy .ct5 wats Sate ec OO eee 323 compared with Mesonacis vermontand.............-.0+.00e- 324 Olenellus Wapworitht. x..s3.40 ne ee ee 323 Olenellws sr eticudlatis ayo... Connie nc. cone ee 323 AMEMtIOMSM © AGL y alse: sae AAS SS eral cocks ate tae ene PAs a ee Stratianaphie distin butlomutabutlatedl,-. i sreite ci crin arehneteiteenae 251 UU Crtn LCE &. actaetemeae Meee aa bee 324, pl. 36, figs. 1-17; pl. 43, figs. 5-6 Hea Ko} baglaehhnacnig tke) aA pAh ARIE RO or OLR camo. G0 S06 biG cL oo 325 TieSley ih "S¥MOMyZILYic, siakegererace este cee ae tee tae rae nee Tas 32155325 Meek, Sin Sy TO myanny x, oo Suse ccwhatetes Saad hss de Sieee ene lace a eee 324 Peachy in’ SymOnymivig sesh eve tctaine ysl Couche dane hore oon ee 321 OLENELLUS AND OTHER GENERA OF MESONACID/z Olenellus—Continued. gilberti—Continued. PAGE Wal COtewarive sii] OLIV AMV cterets crelereies state eisteiciae oc B20 321 BeAnas25 Wvaniitie tartiaae SVitl OMY MMViaNataTarestaieie Meas ses one e trees nlarakeiaic = ahellocrevelire’ 324 compared with Callavia ? mevadensts. 02.002. e eek ee ences 285 QlepEWOidesrOnmatusy as ver tien are ee ee eike sce aie wees 346, 347 eM eLES TCONGUEMSIS: Pee e Se Rals Petos te eons hss weld wee 318 Olenelluseinencontin i530 oe oan ocho koe ote Soaks, «yak 321-322, 329 Olemellsa alberta ate seccn tae aio eis soe seks ae 331 OQRREIGES Antenne dtas. SUe oe coon as Soho ud olen a ies Sea 332 CERES AH MOT IN eles. AS iota din clk ods wok o 8b4 view B2Gmes2 UE MAS FLUO TGNSOLD: (6 Raed Cot Oe. ASO TOe 329, 330 J EXOT PHOS Ti OL LOCCH IS 49 Glo MOD Re Cte DAI oleae GnO are 310, 329 eye of compared with that of Limulus............... +. +230, 240 IMM SP OIMPILCIHAUS De oe patere cece oad cel otters an scene aieiavs Bey) PACS UMUneSe NOUN ESE titer ce parverslee. ok ci sis leis tok Aenean 242 COEDS Chen oUNOe lien ghun aces dens ooeddnod be ooean 252, 320 LV DOSEOMAW es eae MCE TRI ror earache chairs cia okoloiete ca RAG Boo os 243, 244 compared with those of Wanneria halli and Olenellus HiT EUROULITA to aor olbn S/O ORIOL MOE ee orice 328 compared with those of Olenellus fremonti and Pedeu- PUI TAR OTOS ALTIUS tot nice eel DEL BA OOOO EM OLS OI AAO OT DOE 322 METS VALO [ITI EMMP A Per Estsrs A idaote ot Sis terecaie suave, BT see ect cle tae ee 285 MICH OMe eyarannn Soa een anGa cc sek enste Ott ass Sie e 248, 300, 314, 317 SEGinentatlOnmoheGeplval Olle, sents ier aeae sta cies crelclens | aalare «anetortis 238 Sr aMeGapMicadisthpuiontabtlakedsae. yas neces ose arene es = 251 UNDUE” ES oc Bb ig een GID DG Cate SETI Oy SOO IE 331, pl. 40, fig. 8 compared with Olenellus gilberti and Olenellus canadensis... 331 Stanerapmic mdistmbution tabulatedincc..- «cece. s+ «le sees 251 OMe Meeker iS VITOMYTIV choca ee ee Fale ooo cle sys he cle Sanne oo erate 324 Wil conte inmsym Onivallye 6 operat stints bic: pater loc nate 320, 324 NVAitne maine SH OTTy; assem Aces etc ohteee chide cess a.is cena aietets, 324 PLEO it COMMER Ma Pro ere POP ONT ove (oo rosie wer eee ooea Ts 317, 318 UUM GST IEG Mirra Ie SMA O Ty MY. ceres aire ere eeenchehe Uvevelne Grebe ave ig) eos ny beuanelovs 343 ial COMES K I ONyIMypuee tem rceers eiiolcin'= cele eee sis fale es lone oe 343 ERIN AIS AeCAchmaline SYMOMVIMVA <<: ae ois wicks a ald seid ots sds eee alore (BL Eomipabedp witha Olenellis teilberth. NGG. cece se cae lowe cet 332 Hel evO ty SPECIGNRCICEENCONOT 5125, .,20 Fb o- Tele hs feu oe wasleide os B32 MEGUlhABCOooe i hin) SYMOMYIMYs ck oesne eee. J aie dnainee eee 288 lol mates 11 OnynMVicreyne cchsie occa cents tee crstiwiede ea cle ardeteesiers 280 REfSGiiitemi Tl SVMOILY TY een telat sn slcnistae ee ek are a onto onee Aa ciie 288 [SONA doar SRAaTSpAMATINYR BO SOOO O ml o aac cee tone ie peoacinc mere oes 2890 ILiiningnessrorn, Shik Shanerohnaib'ay 60s Og Sinbiche som lot Onn oc erator Saas o's 288 NVALUE WARdTINSVAOMYV IY spas act Bins cow ete hn eee uo ee 280 Lab wortid WCAC teach cicekes - 331, pl. 30, figs. 1-7; pl. 40, part of fig. 3 [EVEIEl al, Shah AMO) Own Th aan eon GREE Ritch arieion tte roeta beter 331 Peachmand alone: cin: SylOmydny. oo. bre ce see fe hice s vic crc cusses 331 compared with Elliptocephala asaphoides........... 200s ees 332 ONE ANA GHAGCANIO UO P= ORO AA TID BEIT OIS DOC e a aaer 319, 320 OLeMeLUSAEFENLONT Ade tale eR ls sees 322, 332 18—w SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS VOL. 53 Olenellus—Continued. ‘ lapworthi—Continued. PAGE compated with -Qlewellus ? gtaus>.®.cc 0.02 ene ae eee 32 Olenellas \QtlDertt, Fs 2.50 Anais sslav ok se he eee 320, 332 Olenellus: mterimedius ® oho kb se een ee 332 Olenellus Napwortht ielongatus < ss. 1. eee eee 332 OlenellusireculatusSmecei eee eee eer 332, 335.9330 Oleneliussthompsont. 2. ce wat. eae eee eee 331 Pedeumias: HONSiIONS;- ccciceelis Un oes, eee 5 oe 327-332 eosraphicwdistwbutionmoteyy ci ole eee 253 - hypostomd “Ob cau sans date cute sed ce ees epee 244 mentioned: s/s. gid Be 22% s Sake ween ain le ahah, 2 See wre Pe Stratigraphic (distribution ‘tabulated ja .4neeee ee eee 251 lapworths elongatus Peach; im. synonyinys «.203... 4... 46s 331 HOLE On) Specie merenencesOl 15 ase eae re ree eee 332 LOGON. THEW A SPECIES tye as tek nak a ae 333, pl. 41, figs. 5-6 anterior pair of olabellar. furrows:in.- 3, :,s <0 eke slew. vle-teke oon Shae ehislanen 270) 204 Pompeckj, in synonymy. ces sey ho anger Ae (Shimer), compared with Se a ene .254-255, text-figs. 12 sind 13, p. 255 WAI CObt AM SYMOLVIOIY 26 os cheek ase oaeteee Sh fg me eee 279 EECA AICOLT, INLSYMOLLVANY. cotisbovarie, ovcbels wos a 282 Bap wo ribs AMeSViOMVIlyie.c.. xo ies loca steele ee deio nator 282 SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS VOL. 53 Olencllus—Continued. (Holmia)—Continued. PAGE cavtland: Raw, i ‘synoiwmy. oy 7. ts 5.8 ns eee 282 kierulf* Cole, in SynOflyiiy :.% ssi%.. aca tence ee eee 289 Fréch; in,Synonyimy ss esters: sae oe ae ee ee 289 Walcott. inl symotuyiyeeeies ea cee eee eee 289 Wolcattanus Vanier 1M SyMOmy Ilys sen cele ehe eterna 302 (Mesonacis) asaphoides Beecher, in synonymy..................- 271 Buri sin SymOmyiny cn acs cies te che he eee eee 271, 284 Clarke and Ruedemann, in synonymy................ 272 asaphoides, 2 (Grabat, inesynomymny.t1.) ver creole 271, 284 broggzert, Walcott int isymOnyOly.n 5 neo aceca eee 279 MAGEWILAY EGE Ch, Atl SyIOMiyINy sclera ie tees lel eee rea enone 262 \iWeileoyies shal Gyysoronntinon bhobobocobeaucuuoGousoccobd. 262 wermontang (Coles in Syst Omy aly: eis species erie ieee sie eee 266 Walcott) in synonymy. cjeaase cee 261, 266, 267, 270, 271 (Olenelloides). Peach, in “symomymiyn). 4 seine tee 345 arnatus Reach! insymonymiy se et ae ee eee ee eee 347 (Olenus) asaphoides Ford, in synonymy.......2./--+..se0e.eeese) 270 Olenus: Hall, in. synonymy: 25s /.o5 ss eraes ane ee ee eee 267 asaphoides Fitch, im) sy monyinye cesar ee 260 (Olenellus) giiberts’ Gilbert, in synonymy.) .: 0). . va.0a5. 02 eee eee howells Gilbert. insynonymyeneten bs eee ee eee 324 Obisthoparia Beecher; defined): ..0. Aes. os se ced HA eee 235 OVA OANACOE (HOKPA, TOMEMMIOVMEGls aban hooesn os duengdenendccuacodoscuoosues 300 PackardssAgrse bibliographic rererencen serene ie tines nea 376 on the eyes of Limulus and trilobites... .... i cn2 -Seetoeincee eee 239 Pedeumias; new ens. .%$5.00 ehiexwer a Gas dew shes be el ee eee ee 304 anterior glabellarlobesins. fas. + a-.+eh ect oe an eee 243 compared! with) WeSOngGrsateee ticks concer ae eee 266, 304, 306 Olemelliisr eee eae es tleas oie OO 304, 306, 307, 308 delimitation Of genus s... 2.45.0 oo os oo Re eee On ee eee 248 development of showmr in diaccame i miei seein een eee 249 Gye WOES Whines selene d Rec rele Sale Nae eo ce Noone a 2390 ceqeoteul have levtauwercte(eoeyl Gomes. Wolagos cavosueducnsaouusboandocoduonons 237 loiseoiny (OF sOLLOMGhhA? Chk EXBAMEISs soonnoncaroccvocnacvaccdbaauaocone 266, 304 median spine the telson! otsOleneliistremcan re ee cei ieee nee 245 IMENtOMER 2c.) cme ciate «ace Fis slave oeane or Seusle Ree Root he GON AU 25ON OO OOO MERE new genus, species referred to the’ genus listed... 2. 3..025. 08000. 008 232 NOLES! OD) PLOPOsall Ol SenMUS sae citation 304 Sepmentationy on Ceplaloneaassnaces sce ee ert Rea eee 238 stage in development of Mesonacide discussed..................+:- 308 Olenelius mentioned <..:/.seavee. es ae oaths oe oe eee 313 stages passed. through in development of. ..-csmsaee ccc eeieereens 308 State im development Gr thorax denmmed ism. srrenesiaespaee sentra 245 Straticrapiic distmbusion: tabtlatecdiertcrm ts sete titan tet 251 Pedeumias transitans, new species................ 305, pls. 24, 25, 32-34, and 44 compared with Eliptocephala asaphowdes ss. 0.22. wee wens on els 310 Olenelloidesarmatus: o...cantotee rena ee oe ee 346, 350 Olenellus Claytonix Ap teastrmtiie clos sib eie eeertene ee eee 320 Oe OLENELLUS AND OTHER GENERA OF MESONACID/E Pedeumias transitans—Continued. PAGE Compare WwiHhwOleNellus CUBETIS 06% .c.cc ce ticb. oes ovesed owes 3310, 320 (DUETS AO RTV ONAL OD. OB COIS CER ELE COE EEL Oe 23 332 (QUE DELS TORRES Se oben Dish Deer EICInC to Oe ee AE 334 Olénellus thompson e038 shee kiceS ok Soe eaes 306, 307, 308, 338, 339 MESOMACUSAUCTIWVOWLONG@ cone cc ssc ac vksos se yc ek ae was 306, 308, 338 Meme MaDIiiSit mel CEpiiclGieOiy <)srhieh srw. lee aca bee aatie ao sdeta wlan bapetbatdhe Secs 237 THMKOREEISS, Thal. Siang yore Oo OOS RI ICR Dine een nen Bea ih ne 245 PECoAN MCAGIStMD ME OMeOlr.. telat s «f.c.0ea.e's ole a crsiteenn Stoke sa ratre eas 253 Hin) OSLOMIG ME Pare ear eri sc Tee ohn bie seareiaes tao tpethanmies oebtanbeniee ets 243 compared with those of Olenellus fremonti and Olenellus gil- TAREE GAS oS SRO RERE CERO TRA RETR 322 TMMAONAGl aes sS Sawao AO OneCare 233, 234, 242, 248, 266, 302, 303 ‘NIH TOE TENOEN | ESDIUHEObT ee sis otdin a bpcid cea IOI RII ren Marae 242 Stages: passed through im development Of.:...0.0..-. 4.02. eens sek 308 Serobigr amc cistiinution ta bimlabed... 2.6/5.0 '6c cane dba eae cal se yltesicw.s 251 surface of compared with that of Paradorides........00..0000000 307 youncecephalon: iromuAlabama described)... ..0+ oo. o-smie aden 308, 309 young compared with those of Wanneria halli..............200005. 207 MEiTemseay CsrOredO rsa ly SIMI, oc Ske «ius ee es ols s saul sinee vajee uae ya oe 307 iP siljoelovraill, evenaacion® GleornveclABe ics aa CI RRO cc Hi TL OeEe ena ae meee Sean aren 238 pannula, see Micromitra (Iphidella). PrGnoitoes: AntetiOr pall Ol LULCOWS AM acd... 2.68 Pe eke cee eee 333 developmentormshowmein diaenan: «sc. 6 cease cle essence cecs » 240 elongation oi second ‘seamentits. +. se...ss -% s/s/sials $5 5:0 d ilelSrs whelovetenes os 288 Vet eerie UAE Cl OS oye a, Slainpetbe.kie Shares xrdispaisth oyu or Sio arid mea 288 macrocepnalus Barrande.. in) SYMONYIMY. «.< 2... ecdees sees 260, 337 POMS, CATE SUTTOIMLY TINS et. ca rcs2 + oo 0 snd 2 wai dhara se darlevener ele ates 269, 3306 CET, OMS TERE 13) "1616 Le ro oc ne a 287, 290 pusillus, anterior pair of glabellar furrows in................. +243, 333 Spinosus, anterior pair of glabellar furrows in.................243, 333 aaGvai SONNE 92. ES a eta One ROR RRR EN oes ar Pe Re 299 eed PETE ARTE NITIES eS eal 2, St ce «x o.S i wl duahs sedensraia & Stele rsapaeiytsbedteca es 287 PRAE SOME SEAL SAMA, Ii) SYPOUYIY.«. as, 0 «1010/14, s, 4. cjyeiere ojageee +. wih Cops ore 337, Reade MAIN GATATISEN 181 Vw, over d-« 0 0, ais s\n, orn 6. d.d:0 0.) 410.0) 050 15k annie bas B05 337. Be CLasRteTeS we TUE OMELET MENViere cadllers eclevece as apse #4 a/v ak ny'camis oe o« sees tae aekicie bee eee 2605 walcott Shaler and Foerste, im Synonmytyinns: eco elite "341 Paradoxides (Gen. ?) kjerulfii Matthew, in synonymy..............-.... 289 Paradoxing, Beecher On thega. o acer cre eo a ices Sela a oye ea oe ee 314 ESMIMONS MIMS YN OMY MY scc'e te sroesein satere uo eecie, socteke so lamers tence tenses eke 311 Ford) ain “synomyimy.s sons aie ost ton. stesteele nce RO ao oe eee 286 adistinemished trom thes Wiesomaciclac sss) -eieeier cee eee 250 nen tiomed.y iG sal hel wan a Siew ae Rae AE ties on Baas a eee 236 transition, trom Wiesomeacidee. 205. a2 tei ociee)-ehen oe eee eeeeae 253 Parkers quariy, fossils frome jas. y ne 2s eeu cia saree ere eee ee ee 330, 341 Peach, 3B: Nj acknowledgments yy... 25.) tae os eis eae ee eee 235 bibliographic. reference, 5.2: 6 o.h0 4.2). oho ohne See ee eee 376 on (Olenelloudiest, tics he ot Ute as Gia ho eT eee 347 on; the telson: ofwOlenellasinn nc. cle en Oe ea oo ee ee eee 313 MMENTONER B24). ahs. velo pedlatooe oes, ehees SRD we el Saree gee ea eee 342 each, Bo Ne andi Horne, js bibliographicirererences eee ene eee 376 Peachella, news emus io. ao seyas ob decease sh htieatne «ee ae ee ie ee 342 delimitation, Of (gentis...). 0656 25 «mane © Ramee ns ae eee 248 development of, shown imi diagiraiiin.. ss oa ccc cele aenone 249 development of ‘thorax sae8 soso « sive canes ee es Oe eee 245 mentioned” (ok. sens oe bees ee ee 236 new genus, species referred to the genus listed.«............. 232 Stratlonap hi ceG@istmputlonmia bt aie de emanrr ieee eee 251 da ainsi’ (Walcott) eae tee Soe eee en oe 343, pl. 40, figs. 17-19 associated fossils listedin..: jcc ais ccs am an kane ee 345 compared with Gallavia Drom eKie nan ae eee eee 344 Olewelluss POV Gents) ats ise han 6 tee Ae ee ee 315 Olenellus canadensis Gavscn Jo. ee 343 Olenellus jfremontt . s.ccccc Wis boas oe ee 343 Woanmeria eracile= ii line ee seinen ai eee eee ee Mem TONE Gs Riker ces, AS yah aa ene eee o Path esa eee Oe Stratioraphicwdistmbutiom tabulatedi. 25 shnelee renee 251 Perkins, Prot, George Fl, acknowledetentss 46+ erie see ee enna 235 perugata, see Kutorgina. PIO cHe MiOssils thom ay sagen ok are ae ee eee 285, 322, 320, 345 LEO sopema Hor, NOSIS, WOKS GademuoaoucosdudDoouDcoodancoddos 322, 320, 345 Plaivceras promevuum, memtiomedaa....ocaaneceecesie eek Uae) ee 341 Pompecky,) J. E., biblioorapmicnetenence. <5 ssn. dele eelceie ee eee 377 Popes Peal tossilistinonnis vac sels.coc' vcs ce eiera ens orate totic Tee nee eae 319, 330 Pre-Cambrian life, absence of traces explained. <5 ..+.+. +. -+ ssiereoeerrereees 252 evolwttome Of “ifs.sSuce sah sae eee ae He cleo chee A ee 252 primevum, see Platyceras. Proparia: genal-spities \OLMB sos eet stots oo eect is ia Se ee 237 Prospect) Mountain mtossils atromic ect cneeciiericie cl aire: eeerencree aera 322, 132935 BAC Prospect ViountaimmronimatlonyetOssils ett Onin ler eaeenierrnieleereret ten 922) 323 5aann Protolenus tatinad. discusses wason i 4 uel * mi. iE) - S44) ta halt x Poth deeaging RY : ; wie _ 4 u a oi ra hie fl a ets } aye ie a: Pilly ara) aris agi i aS eit i is ‘ Arar ae Pan ©’. i- ei Nag >) “9 aw, @ - ¥ fi ‘ ‘ WASHINGTON, D.C PRESS OF JUDD & DETWEILER, INC. I9IC ° ' t CAMBRIAN GEOLOGY AND PALEONTOLOGY No. 7—PRE-CAMBRIAN ROCKS OF THE BOW RIVER VALLEY, ALBERTA, CANADA By CHARLES D. WALCOTT (WitH THREE PLATES) CoNTENTS Tage Ise gtFO ELLE MUON y 2 BR ek ep A eg RTE a ENC IE ree he eS 423 pee iVmOmEGue Nalleveekie orks cos, Pals. 4 del Reick ba te ata cee 424 Basalt (Caiman ROC aise einen fide ao DRIER eae Re OE EE ea ae E 425 Unconformity between the Cambrian and the pre-Cambrian Rocks....... 426 PSG MM AT ETN O GIS MR rea oid seek tear ee he erate So iy a te iandl sv avayerse eee 27 Correlation of Bow Valley pre-Cambrian Rocks with those of Northern Sana enn nee eee Ceueeret™ Pe nests Bie er he Lee aS St a 430 JL ES RATE, 205 cage SSOP ARG) RIE Resp SiO wR MN Kael eat ag a eT 431 ILLUSTRATIONS Plate 45, Fig. 1. Panoramic view looking across Bow Valley............. 424 Fig. 2. View of Fort Mountain from the west.................; 42 Plate 46, Fig. 1. View of ridge south of Ptarmigan Lake................ 426 Fig. 2. Panoramic view from the south slope of Fort Mountain.. 426 Plate 47. Map of a portion of Bow Valley, showing approximate ArecaaOtlaphe-CamDigleam Strata. + eeicets aoe ee his isa acte ners 428 INTRODUCTION During the summer of 1909 I continued my study of 1907* on the Cambrian formations of the main range of the Rocky Mountains on the line of Bow Vailey, in Alberta, with the view of discovering a base to the Fairview formation of the Lower Cambrian, and, if possible, of finding fossils in the shales and sandstones beneath that formation in the Bow Valley. When measuring the Cambrian sand- stone on the northeast slopes of Mount Fairview and Saddle Moun- tain, about 2.5 miles southwest of Laggan, a fine quartz conglomerate about 100 feet in thickness was found, and below it a gentle, forest- *Smithsonian Miscellaneous Collections, vol. 53, No. 5, 1908, Cambrian Sections of the Cordilleran Area, pp. 204-217. SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS, VOL. 53, No. 7 423 424 SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS VOL. 53 covered débris slope without rock outcrops. Knowing that there were shales and sandstones in the Bow Valley to the northwest, I went up on the slopes of Mount Saint Piran, and from there exam- ined with a strong field-glass the valley and mountains to the north- east. I could see that the Fairview sandstone formed a cliff on Mount Hector and:Fort Mountain above slopes that were evidently clear of débris, and that there was a marked change in the character of the rock where the cliff and slope met. A week was next spent at Fort Mountain and vicinity, and, with the information secured there as to the presence of a massive bedded conglomerate at the base of the Fairview formation, a trip was made along the southwest side of Bow Valley in search of contacts between the basal con- glomerate and the shales beneath. It was found that the lower slopes and bottom of Bow Valley from Hector Lake to the vicinity of Cascade Station, on the Canadian Pacific Railway, were under- lain by pre-Cambrian shales and sandstone formations, to which the names Hector and Corral Creek are applied in this paper. These rocks were formerly referred to the Bow River group of the Cam- brian by Mr. R. G. McConnell.” TOPOGRAPHY OF BOW VALLEY The Bow Valley heads at Bow Pass, and for the first 10 miles of its course it appears to be deeply excavated in the limestones and sandstones of the Cambrian formations. Southeast of Bow Peak the floor of the valley attains a width of two miles; it is joined from the west by the flat of Hector Lake, and from this point the valley is broadly U-shaped in profile, with high mountain fronts on either side. .This is illustrated by figure 1, plate 45. This profile is con- tinued to the southeast for about 35 miles to where the ridges of the Sawback Range and the mass of Pilot Mountain on the north, and of Mount Bourgeau on the south, crowd the sides of the valley toward the river; from here to Banff it is deep and narrow. The valley is evidently one of pre-glacial origin that has been widened and shaped by the passage of a great glacier into which lateral glaciers flowed from the side canyons. Rounded hills and ridges of gravel and clay record glacial deposits and subsequent stream ero- sion. I find in my field note-book the following: “The view from Fair- view Mountain, 3,000 feet above Lake Louise, is a most extended 7 Annual Rept., Geol. and Nat. Hist. Survey Canada, for 1996, Party p. 15 D, 1887. ONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS Fig. 1. PANORAMIC VIEW LOOKING ACROSS THE BOW VALLEY FROM ~ is view shows on the left Mount Aberdeen and the Victoria Glacier, Mounts Whyte and St. Piran, and to (Photograph b Fig. 2. VIEW OF FORT MOUNTAIN FROM THE WEST SIDE OF CO e high, massive Cambrian limestone cliffs of the upper half of the mountain and the broken sandstone cliffs bel by C. D. VOL. 53, PL. HN OND” enna nk =o — V HILLS ABOUT 2 MILES NORTHEAST OF LAGGAN, ALBERTA, CANADA it_of the center Mounts Bosworth and Daly, also in the foreground the broad, almost flat, bottom of the valley. Walcott, 1909.) REEK, 4.5 MILES NORTHEAST OF LAGGAN, ALBERTA, CANADA rast strongly with the rounded hills and slopes of pre-Cambrian rocks shown by figure 1, plate 46. (Photograph , 1909.) ac AMITHGONIAM MIBCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS 5 wy SS THE BOW VALLEY FROM THIOW HILLS ABOUT 2 MILES NORTHEAST OF LAGGAN, ALBERTA, CANADA Fig. 1 PANORAMIC VIEW LOOKING ACR ground the broad, alme " Vict ut eo) Tg te eee ran Might of the center Mounts Bosworth and Daly, also in the fore I | Walcott, 1900.) ; = a g. 2. VIEW OF FORT MOUNTAIN FROM THE W : CREEK ray ft NORTHEAST OF LAGGAN, ALBERTA. CANADA Che hist nassive Camb i ‘ ¢ ‘ ‘It of Past st, *trongly wi 1909.) J th the rounded hills and slopes of pre-Camb f ‘ PRE-CAMBRIAN ROCKS OF THE BOW VALLEY—WALCOTT 425 and beautiful one. ‘To the north and far below lies the broad valley of the Bow, which stretches to the southeast toward Banff: and northwest to the beautiful Hector Lake. Rising above the valley on the northeast rugged mountains extend in massive ridges and high peaks from Mount Hector to Mount Richardson, and southeastward to the great wall of Castle Mountain and the serrated Sawback Range. Farther to the southeast are the high points of the Bourgeau Range west of Banff, and beginning with Mount Temple and arch- ing to the south and southwest there is a superb panorama of high mountains, glaciers, and crested walls, such as is rarely seen in any land. As a study in glaciation and topographic forms it is unex- celled, and is well worth a journey across the continent to see.” Panoramic photographs taken from high on the mountains on both sides of the valley show that the valley has been excavated on the northeast slope of a broad, broken anticlinal arch. The general average height of the peaks and ridges as they are massed against the horizon indicates a base-leveling of the region prior to the period of uplift and erosion that has developed the present topography. The topographic forms resulting from the erosion of the Cam- brian rocks are well shown on all the higher mountains adjoining the valley—Mounts Temple, Aberdeen, Victoria, and Hector. Fort (fig. 2, pl. 45) and Castle mountains are capped by high, precipitous cliffs of limestone underlain by alternating slopes of shale and bro- ken cliffs of sandstone for 2,000 feet or more down to the low cliff formed by the Fairview sandstone or its basal conglomerate. Below. this cliff the pre-Cambrian shales and sandstones form smooth slopes and irregular, rounded hills and ridges with bands of gray, purple, and greenish shales. These are well shown southeast of Mount Hector and the ridges south of Mount Richardson and Fort Moun- tain (fig. 2, pl. 46). The contrast of topographic form between the Cambrian and pre-Cambrian rocks is finely illustrated by Fort Mountain (fig. 2, pl. 45) and the area just south of it (fig. 2, pl. 46), and it first led me to suspect the presence of pre-Cambrian rocks in this area. ; BASAL CAMBRIAN ROCKS The conglomerate at the base of the Fairview formation is massive bedded and usually formed of small quartz pebbles in a coarse sand- stone matrix. At Fort Mountain it is over 300 feet thick and ex- tends northwest and southeast for a long distance. The white quartz pebbles here vary from 2 mm. to 10 cm. in diameter (average 10-15 mm.), and are mixed near the base of the conglomerate with rounded 426 SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS VOL. 53 and angular pebbles (fragments) of the dark siliceous shales of the subjacent Hector formation; also of the siliceous and hard greenish shale that occurs from 520-640 feet below, and the reddish and chocolate-colored, arenaceous shale 640 feet or more below the base of the Cambrian. Two and one-half miles north of Fort Mountain, at the east foot of Ptarmigan Peak, the basal conglomerate is only 170 feet thick, while on Mount Temple, 8 miles southeast of Fort Mountain, it is represented by a few thin layers of fine conglomerate interbedded in a massive-bedded, fine-grained sandstone. On the north slope of Vermilion Pass, east of Boom Mountain, 11 miles southeast of Mount Temple, the conglomerate occurs in massive beds that form a series 200 feet and more in thickness. The variation in thickness of the basal Cambrian conglomerate seems to indicate that the pre-Cambrian surface over which it was deposited was broadly irregular. UNCONFORMITY BETWEEN THE CAMBRIAN AND THE PRE- CAMBRIAN ROCKS Viewed in a restricted way, much of the pre-Cambrian surface was regular and the Cambrian rocks appear to be conformable to the subjacent pre-Cambrian strata. All about the sides of the valley the strata of the two formations, Fairview of the Cambrian and Hector of the Algonkian, dip away at about the same angle, but, ‘when we apply the test of the varying thickness of the basal Cam- brian conglomerate and the difference in the character of the upper beds of the Algonkian in different places, we at once become aware that the pre-Cambrian surface is more or less irregular, and that when the Cambrian sea transgressed over the area now included in the Bow Valley it found a broadly irregular surface with low hills and broad level spaces covered with a deep mantle of disintegrated rock. It washed out the muds and carried them away and deposited the sand and pebbles of its advancing beaches’ over and around the ir- regularities of the pre-Cambrian surface. The unconformity is well shown at Fort Mountain, where the basal Cambrian is formed of massive layers 4-10 feet thick, which usually rest directly on the Hector shale (pre-Cambrian). In places, however, slight hollows in the shale are filled with thin layers of a more or less ferruginous sandstone that was deposited by gentle currents prior to the deposition of the massive conglomerate layers. The lower 10-20 feet of this conglomerate contains rounded and —~ ae eer el ee SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS Fig. 1. VIEW FROM THE NORTH OF THE RIDGE SOUTHEAST OF THE LOW NORTHEAST OF LAG The upper edge of the snow banks about half way down the slope of th the pre-Cambrian arenaceous shales of the Hecto sa Fig. 2. PANORAMIC VIEW FROM THE SOUTH SLOPE OF FORT MOUNTAIN LOOKING TO THE SG = lower dark cliff in the mountain on the left is formed by the basal conglomerate of the Cambrian. sandstones of the Corral Creek formation Below, ty overlain by the shales of the Hector formation. }OQ.) In the distance on OF PTARMIGAN LAKE AND NORTHEAST OF FORT MOUNTAIN, 6 MILES BERTA, CANADA marks the line of contact of the Cambrian basal conglomerate with tion. (Photograph by C. D. Walcott, 1909.) AST AND SOUTH FROM A POINT 4 MILES NORTHEAST OF LAGGAN, ALBERTA, CANADA ve is formed of the arenaceous shales of the Hector formation. The rounded hills in the foreground are forme ht are the high peaks of the Bow Range on the southwest side of the Bow Valley. (Photograph by C. D. Wal SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COL Fig. 1. VIEW FROM THE NORTH OF THE RIDGE SOUTHEAST OF THE LOWETEND OF PTARMIGAN LAKE AND NORTHEAST OF FORT MOUNTAIN, 6 MILES NORTHEAST OF LAGGAN, ALBERTA, CANADA Lhe upper edge of the snow banks about half way down the slope of the fidge marks the line of contact of the Cambrian basal conglomerate with e pre-Cambrian arenaceous shales of the He firmation. (Photograph by C. D. Walcott, 1909.) > TO THE tH , AST OF LA AN, ALBERT ANADA Fig. 2. PANORAMIC VIEW FROM THE SOUTH SLOPE OF FORT MOUNTAIN | KING EAST AND SOUTH FROM A POINT 4 MILES NORTHEAS F LAGGAN, A RTA WADA The lower dark e| in the mounta of the sandstones tu Co \ FA , eaten. ek fo io veriain by the shales of the Hect 1 by the basal conglo t ft ( » foun > Tey Ais ay © fe ie) _) ‘ie ; Ute ACT fe Ai - % wt 7 Yn. a re re ) Ui iedl a) i i : i as! ‘tem Digs ‘ } ; eon PRE-CAMBRIAN ROCKS OF THE BOW VALLEY—WALCOTT 427 angular fragments of the subjacent pre-Cambrian formations (fig. 1, pl. 46). ‘The Cambrian sea was evidently transgressing across the dark siliceous shales of the pre-Cambrian land and reducing them to rolled pebbles, angular fragments, and mud. The mud gave ori- gin to small lentiles of shale similar in character to the shale below the unconformity, while lentiles of sandstone of greenish tint indicate that fine material was being derived from still older pre-Cambrian formations than the shale. On the southwest side of the Bow Valley the Fairview formation extends well down on the wooded slopes, but I know of no exposure showing the contact of its basal conglomerate with the underlying Hector shale north of Mount Temple. East of Mount Bosworth the contact of the Cambrian and pre-Cambrian appears to be in the valley just north of Stephen on the Continental Divide. Of greater importance is the evidence that the sediments of the two periods were deposited under different physical conditions. The Cambrian sandstones are composed of clean, well-washed grains, and the Cambrian calcareous and argillaceous shales were deposited as muds offshore along with the remains of an abundant marine life. The Hector shales of the pre-Cambrian are siliceous and with- out traces of life; the sandstones are impure and dirty, with the quartz grains a dead milky white, or glassy and iron stained. The sediments forming them were evidently deposited in relatively quiet muddy waters, and | think in fresh or brackish waters.* I do not compare the limestone formations, as they are 2,000 feet or more above the plane of unconformity in the Cambrian, and be- low the Hector-Corral Creek series in the Algonkian. PRE-CAMBRIAN ROCKS The distribution of the pre-Cambrian rocks in the Bow Valley is outlined on the accompanying map (pl. 47). They extend through- out the bottom and lower slopes of the valley from Bow Peak to Cascade, on the Canadian Pacific Railway, about 7 miles west of Banff. East of Mount Hector and in the Mount Richardson-Ptarmi- gan Peak mass they rise in high hills both east and west of Pipestone River, and continue eastward across Corral and Baker creeks before passing beneath the Cambrian, on the south slopes of Castle Moun- tain. * This view will be presented more fully in a paper on “The Abrupt Appear- ance of the Cambrian Fauna in North America” that I have prepared for presentation at the meeting of the International Geological Congress at Stock- holm in August, 1910. 428 SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS VOL. 53 At the south end of Fort Mountain the descending section beneath, the Cambrian conglomerate is as follows, as measured on the east side of Corral Creek Canyon, 4 miles northeast of Laggan: CAMBRIAN CONGLOMERATE Unconformity ALGONKIAN HECTOR FORMATION: Feet 1. Dark-gray to black, finely arenaceous (siliceous) shale breaking down on weathered slopes, or sometimes forming low ragged cliffs beneath conglomerate. Upper surface slightly eroded.. 520 2. Greenish, finely arenaceous shale, with bands of reddish-colored shale. At 110 feet down a layer of fine interformational con- glomerate occurs, with a finely arenaceous, greenish-colored matrix that includes thin layers of pinkish, compact limestone that weathers more rapidly than the matrix................. 120 3. Purple-colored, finely arenaceous or siliceous shale............ 140 4. Greenish-colored, finely arenaceous or siliceous shale.......... 40 5. Massive-bedded conglomerate. Matrix a coarse sandstone, with quartz pebbles and fragments of gray pinkish limestone..... 27 This is evidently a deposit made from material brought down by a river reaching back into the hills of that epoch. The presence of the limestone is very important, as it indicates limestones below any exposures of the pre-Cambrian rocks of the Bow Valley. In places the matrix is coarse-grained and in others a fine-grained sandstone. The limestone frag- ments are small and those of sandstone usually larger, some being 12 inches across. 6. Reddish purple, arenaceous, siliceous shale, with greenish bands. 455 This shale is widely distributed and often folded and broken in exposures along the valley. CORRAL CREEK FORMATION: 1. Coarse-grained, light-gray sandstone in massive layers, with some of the layers a fine quartz conglomerate. Estimated... 120 The outcrop of this bed is usually concealed by débris. 2. Hard, quartzitic sandstones that break down on exposure to weather » ‘Estimates veut. cessina shave sea hese tees eee 1,200+ An anticline and general disturbance of the strata at this point breaks the downward continuity of the section. On the west side of Corral Creek Valley and south of the syn- cline of Cambrian limestones and sandstones of Mount Richardson and Ptarmigan Peak the strata of the Hector and Corral Creek formations are displaced by thrusts and folds, so that the section is broken and imperfect. The same is true of the pre-Cambrian forma- tions south of the base of Fort Mountain. vi Th Ny ba Sane nd A ‘ Tents Yes X\ Wess ~\ \\ Span XK (AY SNe Se \ 7 $5 \ ‘ wh A oO / ' 7 A\\\ \ AS \ \ !) ie ~ yw oO ie f ay AA AN . i ae : 7 Ae " g 2 : : Le m \ \ ing 5 : ws % ‘s a b&b ~ . - 2 \ ° ~ = oO g000 ae Bye a alate tae B3 < * ee bE = 2 =P fe? = i : 2% ay ge = a & me 5 5 Ss ae) os 3 z Oo wh # 56 = eg. 3 : gy oo : ae £2 ° 23 = F ay ; : 8 e y : : a8 < g ‘Ss =e 2 28 a: i L) : Lee 45 > = EBS wW 5 B : 5 ee - Bw On =s “<0 ees te < Bota. ae HOw 8 3 By 8g ek N mS Beggs: 35 efsee Boned 3 Ww 2.0.7 o ‘\ > i Ga gy \\ a eee \ : ra gees \\ \\ . oi seig ee kel] $5 380 3 S aj 2-2 238 con \ hae ? , | 52 Be 22 \\ os Geese? ar ESaege : rar BS os 4 : | x geste \ \\\ eh \ NY 55 geese. ee RR a) 4 a | geepe, : A er _ mm me SB = Eyer cea E z on wa8 < Seg ~ \ eL \\VE . : \s\ 7 : : a peeeed wid , - cs | Ww g5 250 ogy , a < - S2y2ds ; et are im Oo Se eege = getasae 5 see BSS sé So 28 E mevecsd << gs a bee sse. wl Seaeaee B BSSe5e, o:= =a 3S Ss. 3 F agegbs C SEee eae O Ameer < e & 35 2 ¢28 < £4 ° vn . \ , me 4 w Lo eel | 3 se 53 z ° | = e n mis aS i = ee edi : \ LJ Li Ses : 1 > ae ze 22 : : = =e Ba 26 83 EE KO , se S658 i Soe a= oz ary S & tee i ata Hi (oe) @z 5% | is 3 ar [te a 2&8 a2 us u Ss 7 cE Sa Hj : E Sz 28 Cao = : i! = pe Ss | La : ) : 3 oo ¢ a Bae Bun Sx Yo sf kos 2a On 2 g Bg Eeaage gee. e8 re egeted tei 3 ee Gee Ree aie 3 Pairs: oon 88 Bae Eeates Seabee wa anee 3. ape “” Ft tte 25 ates fog > Ov eg ost ae re teas eg aa goa 3) Pons i ° 8 gee ce re gee geey k:| gveavo Bu 25 Velo ( \ J = taste “Th Lb “Id ‘89 “10A ¢ SNOILIOANWNO) SNOANYIAIADSIW NVINOSHLIWS PRE-CAMBRIAN ROCKS OF THE BOW VALLEY—WALCOTT 429 RESUME HECTOR FORMATION: Feet MIG -TLY Sle remand on cielo, 2 ciclo Ws gaaie bic ss dpew eset 520 2. Greenish shale, with narrow bands of reddish purple shale. 120 SATION CRS MER REMERON sla licre niece cis o2,cci Pas al Gk calementecds 140 mE CCISIS Ee SM tate te te Na oc als eo ahs ak ete Sage alae des 40 By, (OXSTATOLGSITVS 13) 10 ioe EE Rare pS Se ee 27 Bearing (RCI None ae ATi. o Geechee cg eavtin a, tnatacare Slate oD METS Oe ass 455 SRN ha heer og he, Ie hs SS See om ce ee Mo CE 1,302 CORRAL CREEK FORMATION: Me MUOStONE. | (States. 2 a's 3icts2 wai o he eaten le eaee. ba Ps 120 PRESANMASTOHES! (EStIMALE is 2j.crs ao met Se ucrcete ioe eee 1,200 3 io i) Pg eae Gee nL are ae Dart bee TS Sa ae (a Sie Sta de mee etna 1,320 ORANG CEI ike Lose hes rere ak eee he ee aa He OTs 2,622 At the east base of Ptarmigan Peak, 2.5 miles north of the Fort Mountain section, the Hector shales and conglomerate beneath the basal conglomerate of the Cambrian are essentially the same as on the south end of Fort Mountain, except that the green and purple shales are closer to the Cambrian, owing to the thickness of dark gray shale being less. Opposite the head of Baker Lake the pre- Cambrian shales and subjacent compact, hard sandstones are thrust over the Siluro-Devonian, arenaceous limestones. The relations of the basal conglomerate and the pre-Cambrian are well shown north of Ptarmigan Peak; also at the north foot of Fort Mountain. On the northeast ridge of Mount Temple and northwest of the Valley of the Ten Peaks the downward section is as follows: CAMBRIAN CONGLOMERATE Unconformity ALGONKIAN HECTOR FORMATION: Feet 1. Hard, steel gray, siliceous shales in thin lamelle, with inter- bedded siliceous layers, varying from thin shale to an inch MESON CRVTRC) a8 oe oe Ae Gels oe oe 145 2) Hlagey, compact, finely arenaceous beds. 2v.¢.....-. 502 eeee 480 3. Greenish, compact, slaty, siliceous shales, with a few thin layers of hard dove-colored to pinkish limestone. [This is about the same horizon as the interformational conglomerate in No. B- OF ther Forty WMiOuntai SCCulOfe ly sites bac scleie e vecpeccee ne 255 430 SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS VOL. 53 4. Shales similar to those of No. 3, with purple and greenish oe BATS sos: 2 4 (etoin ements Fo he's 2 ate Nee tte ae RS nee oe a ene 65 5. Shales similar to those of No. 3, of a dark-purple color........ 590 6. Massive-bedded conglomerate, with coarse sandstone matrix, pebbles of white quartz, gray and yellowish buff sandstone, green siliceous shale, and rolled fragments of a reddish pur- ple, jaspéry, siliceous rock. /f24 05... ; Seiad eke spleen cere 305 7. Greenish, compact, siliceous, slaty shales The Bow Valley section does not extend down to the horizon of any massive pre-Cambrian lime- stone, but the fragments of limestone in the conglomerates of the Hector formation indicate the presence of subjacent limestones that were so situated as to be eroded by streams or shore waves when the sediments of the Hector formation were being deposited. RESUME The object of this brief paper is to call attention to the presence in the Bow Valley, Alberta, of unaltered sedimentary strata of pre- Cambrian age. They lie unconformably beneath the Cambrian and are non-fossiliferous, as far as known. The formation names Hec- tor and Corral Creek are proposed for them, and they are correlated with the Camp Creek and Kintla-Sheppard series of arenaceous rocks which lie beneath the Cambrian and above the Siyeh limestone in Montana, southwestern Alberta, and southeastern British Co- lumbia. * Bull. Geol. Soc. America, vol. 17, 1906, p. 18. eee peek) “ne a i”) ie 4 | ree, o) > = ee ee fs es ; oa eed be i pe se a am vin 3 9088 01421 4449