5 hoteo gid OMB AO Stone Rea toe Dee Eon Sh aa OeMEe 317, 318
Glenellgstddimest ol, in: SyNONyIMy. ss sok js oo se bats wie ose: ak o8ure ei alel ss 343
aM es Aime ia dae Svan CO HEREETU Me 36 )- Tejas oves cotcor alin’ s tod eek abate sole tien Seals a Gs 343
Olenellus intermedius Peach, in synonymy... ....0.0<. 0... cms ee clns ce 331
Compared with Olenellus gilbert sos.5.2 eapiccs cu cho ele De vied te Stee ss 332
MOLE OLMIS PECitic hetenence, OL. eh. asec eae a eds ee aiees Ms 332
OlenellusvkicrnifoBroggery 1 (SyMONyIlly .sidocslsjs seek diese alee sucks Gels 288
1 SUSU CSSA Sono by Se 0g RAMON chee SSO EN cep nO) tn Ue ra RC Ee 289
EC IKCATLB| Hie Sd) SEW A DVO SON NUN Whe eatp macy Sissel EAS) fa Ai ly AMSoe tess gee Rk 288
IOKenrmniesyilO lay Tiys no-e eh ee Tete cere a cos, cldicus tbe mates clos michd slates 280
HEAMia ESS Ge Ii GMSLONIVINY) See. enka eet 2 ols c eS eta oaralde ate vate is es 288
amen itly SVAI@UY TIL Y we erg ele tle rec seine er WN Ses Sa add aig 289
CU eiellas sefemuliyZOne. LOSSUSe Afi TSS IN Oe erteveccdels le Uo Denis noel 83
Olenellus lapworthi Peach............ 331, pl. 30, figs. 1-7; pl. 40, part of fig. 3
IPSEYSlais stm. SYATIONIN Crab ors a aim brea cone ROS OS PORACE oe E TSEIS AEE NTS oer eae 331
Beachwand wloLne atti sym Ory tiny inadccecatetsers ol oe eisai ote ene Sierink tio rks 331
compared with Elliptocephala asaphoides............0.0cee ee ccees 332
UCU CAMEO E ts sitte ahcle ok Sot Meares tes a OS ce 319, 320
ClRCUUS TIF CMLO Me) Vaal sa de a le's Ree See oe te oa eee 322, 332
compared, with. Olenellas %, S1008% ons Jt. ct tae eile eta eh dem eae. 323
ANE US SUMELED isoctel tres ee tehelete wee eet a ae aes eos 320, 332
OQEACHUSMBLAPUNCOLUSE eatin ed etd ee a ee oe ee ie ieelits b keniae 332
Olencilus lapwortht elonZaiwse tse sc. ete soak on eee 332
Qlencllus FEUCulAHES: \., e5RAcs cece so ty ode dye oe Baars 220 eaG
Qa cClisGIR OTA PSOE Haan oe cess oe ic tana Te Oe Moons oe 331
I CACUMATS LV OMSTECH Ss oars thee ae hots ero keed eete ee e Baieusas
PeQrrapiie Gish tom Olsson Se cr sei SF Mae oak om eee eleawe am 253
BAN NCDS IAAT YY ata, Vs ctor phan cain aveowin a Oat ak slew eis Cafes ate Ghai oeccls ON 244
De MALRORO Me reece sits’ s “ons eusFAe Nera S tances Litns oy ahtrecaoe Saree oe 248, 314, 342
Stratiorapiic distrilution: tabulated s so. osc) oco cao eo ole a headeas 251
Olenellus lapworthi elongatus Peach, in synonymy.....................2. 331
AGLevOweSpNecciies FETeLENCE. OL uwlestajec seas Pee eee dn Oa ea 332
QU CHUS MOPAR, NEWaASDECICS $e). gaia. tao Sin ores orsja viacd wees ons 333, pl. 41, figs. 5-6
PiehOmiainior glapellar Tirrow seit, 6 ae < aote oe sate ven ape wei oe 243
Eomipareda With CGlavit: CFGSDUU Ros ook cidaphtie eee ceeds mak bakes 334
ALE PEOCEPGIORASUPNOIEES cl oce fntan ors a eects ad ohare Raeiale so tites 334
CREWS ROMO ON aia a Hest apeonn, Sige Saline 4 Slabes, bce haba « 335
SUT OS MAOH SOE LS MOS as COR CO eo ERO OS OO RRC 334
eyes compared with those of Olenellus canadensis................. 335
SPiN WICC stds «/5 sare ciate wtandl< aks sate te OL Ne eee ES cdg Ok Morinda e 322
SPOMENEAEOI OL CEP HAlOmcth A. tac Weel eee eel. swede nes sone 238
Sttatiorapiic distribution tabulated st, venascceciecs Be os aoe eee kihe es 251
Olenellus lundgreni Moberg, in synonymy.................cc cee eceeeeecs 290
Olenellus mickwitzi Schmidt, in synonymy...............0.. ccc ccceeeees 262
478 SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS VOL. 53
PAGE
Olenellus reticulatus Peach......... aiiab amie cake a mendes asec 335, pl. 30, figs. 9-13
Peach, in’ synonymy: 5 32.2. sheen diate tn came + new OMe 335
compared with Olenellus canadensis.......2...+++-e sees eee tenes 336
Olgwellas (2: Bigass Shaves face ohtespiee tne = os ee ener gee 323
OClenellas lapworthy, 2. jon ein tees oe ee 232. 32051326
AMEHIELOM Ea. tects corchtoteetes crctebers bine cre oka Se SORA Ta elt 248, 314, 342
stratigraphic distribution tabulated. ........-.....+-22+e senses 251
Olenellus thompson (Hall) . .336, pl. 34, fig. 9, pl. 35, figs. 1-7; and pl. 44, fig. 9
Billings, ine synotiymiy.. S Ora csc becca! eieyasl s+ ake oases oie eaet 305, 337
(ple, dia SyMOTIV IY. ch stig care ej seiee aemions Si OE a 338
TOEG, dnt SHALOT ITI. 157.2 tae lase sia ea 5s op « seb A ce eae 337
Frech: Sarsynonyiy cic. Uae see's cde Se statins 2 ee See 338
Fall, Gin’ sum Ony aay mie hcnstake ae one mau cee Wana See 2360; 337)
Lesleyiein! symonyiny:. cic aiaas ook le taay> Shee eee iv 2 2a See
Windstromay 1 SWMOMYIEY.. Boel eles + sas ote we letena ne eras ak ket 338
WNiWojo(cheteee annie Gavovorahiaanhyuig ninb cig bbywoedd oc eT Ey eens sia oi - 264, 338
Weller, 1. Symotiyrrnye oe iron cleketelw,. ones ole opiieelena atetenenets eta ae 305
Wirthield, ain SynOMyiny nf: eaves ve stee c.et Ft wins «oh eons neon she eee 205, 337
compared with Mesonacis vermontana. ....... 2.2.2.2 ee ce eee cence 338
Olenellus scanademsis® coe a ke Bet ee Pe een 317, 318
Olenelliis -ClaVTORG stock ag hath Pes 2g Hem CR eta ee 319
Olémellus. fremontt 6.200 Roe aida aoe + ae a ee eee ee
Olemelinus. cilbertt cc os. Snares ois piles tiene ee hao) eee 329, 339
Olemellus‘lapworthi: reson sls bs ete ee a oe 331
Pedeumias transitans ...........2++4+.+..-306, 307, 308, 338, 339
WON erId AUD COLLAWUS ssc eee a rine ace cee eee 303
facial sutures: mot present inv. vcr cs oho s aey-eb wenn,» oe sl aleiale Bnet 242
FOTIMAL OMG OR ILELSOI rcv terete a terse reerweseie Gis ates cote ohare oa ae 234, 266
geographic distribution of ............. 5 Oe
MENHONEU ahem eTown eee eee tes ane ae: Sea 312, a See 338
Pedéumiag first ‘placed. 'as. variety; Of. <).5.....on'ss.020 nae 304
stages passed throughrin development... 0c.) 72> 25 <2 tee ae) ae
stratieraphic distribution tabulateds-, ..:1...oc* fu. pes tee tae 25
telson of, compared with posterior portion of Mesonacis vermon-
PAW. sss Re a ROE RE a eee seks o.vtadey ne Oe 233, 266
Olenellus thompsoni crassimarginatus, new variety.......340, pl. 35, figs. 8-Io
compared. with Wanwweria walcottanus..c. 2... t,o. «os as oe
AHLETIELO TCG Sims eck eax ear Mie cee nee eieee ko ot Gan ciecr aR Ate ue rer nats feet 248
Stratienaphicy distin iuitonerta mulated. say.)t> srrer- eek fates tee et een een 251
Olenellus vermontana Billings, in synonymy...................0..:0.000: 205
Pord, iia SyMOmyiilyessces eee ooo hw 8 ons Re ne ta Sache ae 265
Hall. (in, Syiouyiny: Voasse uke cck Saka 05 ees eee oe 264, 2605
Holin “n synOnyintiy oes cee wack coos coi es se eee ae EP Shee 266
Whitheld: in ssynonyityencvone ae dos oar os ee bs Ge ee le are 265, 305
Olenellus walcottt (Shaler and Foerste)...:......5......-.. 341, pl. 24, fig. 11
Granat, in "synonytiy.... stake tn cat eaces fis ciere ect eit ate alone gage io Phe. She 341
Olenelusspsundtiy @Scotlandrecss sg os ie ae Se 342, pl. 30, fig. 14
Rhea ona PliceGIstcipmtlonm ska bUlatede ste tet ce. tela eels ete leisie so eee 251
Olenellus sp. undt. (Sweden)............. Piva he ar ec Cree ah ee RL Seah 341
compateduwithy 7 esonacis Toreliti. 3 Se a i lec. 342
Staienapiniey GASEMID UOT) stabllabed:. rrr sts Hapiis, Salted We he ieee else 251
stratigraphic position and association... .186, 187, 1890, 203, 212, 213, 214
Olenellus (Elliptocephalus) Ford, in synonymy.....................267, 270
Olenellus. (Georgiellus) Pompeckj, in synonymy............0 00. 0.200 00s - 268
asopioiacs: Pomipeck),. fl; SyHONYIMY icin k nists lolee ade ah oa dea jal’ 27%
Olenellus (Holmia) broggeri Burr, in synonymy.....................279, 284
Grates sy MOmyiny stiri Aare act ee eee ok ethane 279, 284
OmMpE cla Mil pSVMONVINY sess .oa ca ane cai eck hee Oh ae eee iue 270
(Shimer), compared with Paradoxides harlani..........254-255,
text figs. 12 and 13° p.:255
IWENC OL TINE VALOGLYMENY Asis ha sre tre ck pad clare tieicia Saiots eevee 279
GUIGHUAVVAlCOLL ein) SVOMlytlyasnet anesthe ae os fae es OAS ak Oho ee 282
SU GUEU AGO Lore INL SMITOILyiiiy edie. Bo chick cea ttec hos aitie the ee wales 282
Ape Ops I PSNEONVINY fans ss Lane terse hc soda Soca mheeee antes 282
BUM CAD RAW eeCeIS VINO TVINLYse se ass biog Meu lsccitrke yok elnino ecco basher 282
CHUN ACs@ LCrpuTnS TOT VAIN nave Aerials 8 oa diene cist MOS he Dees cane alee 280
TEATS silinl-ENGInKOy on inal SAR eo ois cer peeicin S AAS: TEI RSIS ASE MO exch ae tee 289
NMC Chit ei1h, S VanoMIME Pa, aaa OMG Sac ae Bon ticd eklacenele | 289
WMalcohanus \Nanners dnl SyMOMyiIny lots cine <2 = ne stestoe cree let ocd sok 302
Olenellus (Mesonacis) asaphoides Beecher, in synonymy................ 271
ESAT CSLIky SYTBORR WII go ee fps tha do sseuss oS ee ACM ioe BS ASI ce ,.271, 284
Clarke and Rh aedemann: jin, SynOmyMy 3 oes we a da oes ea 272
Bsapnotdes *~ (GrabatiaimeSyNOnyiliy......sci2 sae elise Mesa oe 271, 284
DEOSSLI Ie NVAlCOteg I SVTOMVET Vici L tiv ki Boss te een eel o bera eee we 270
Miiceert oct ase ovo atin ons cd alo le eie wa'e’s 225525
elect li Matt RRS IY A) COTY TTUV REET cect craic areata a SRE Sige A od Cort ad Pecans MACE 267
see also Olenellus (Olenus).
480 SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS VOL.. 53
f PAGE
Olenus asaphotdes Fitch, im synonymy... file. tec oe 0 olnck inp oles vate are 260
Olenus (Olenellus) gilberti Gilbert, in synonymy.............-..-+++--- 324
Olenus (Olenellus) howelli Gilbert, in synonymy.............--.++++++- 324
Onaqui Range, Utah: tossils: aris. 7200 art eee otter tae Sire lope eae 68
onaquiensis, see Obolus (Westonia) ella.
Ophileta; stratigraphic position ‘and ,association.... <~.)\0% <4 ss. ebis es 204
ophirensis, see Acrotreta and Mieromitra (Iphidella) pannula.
ophirensis descendens, see Acrotreta.
Opisthonaria, “defined 5.0002 fodesce e caeics eine shoe IE ee Ce 235
trilobites belonging to the order described. -...2.2- 22-35 0000s eee 18-41
Orxbiculoidea: + classiiication: Ole cnesmies elite shee ee eee 142, 147
Evolution OF nics Beh eo neleek Cie Senha ee emia pl. 11 (pp. 140-141)
Ordovician Protremata compared with Cambrian articulates.......... 151-153
Ordovician rocks, sections of........ tery Pee Can ee ae ey ale 173, IOI, 204
ornatella, see Micromitra (Iphidella).
ornatus, see Bathyuriscus.
On formation, correlated sins. oe recece erie as eae toni kr pe 171
(dKevebele(s IRS a MeremiM SEERA Sis cle Reais ii Seneln tM yortin inetnr MM OE 10
POSSUS $10 107520) hielo hs nevada cece eee ecais wheel oseyee anual pv aeeeertn ae eee QI, 92
SEC ONO hin cre oleeslotr acto ooeee Sas ere eee kore 175-177, pl. 15, fig. I
Onthacéa;classthication of ..2. 6.02 sve auinie'wte v pee seanan ees ie ieee nee eee 142
COMMER Ec ois tare 2-15 bina ele ere poea te hetero eiagt wiuia ate oe Cl ees Fan 147
Orthide, chemical composition of shells compared with that of Billings-
(Sits eee en se MTee Rr aa Bes mn RRL aen a diE Gita 642, 5 - 152
Onfhisicompareds-with) Boorthisajse ane oe eee ee eee TO4
EV OlMHOMAOT eas easier eo eae ee pl. 11 (pp. 140-141)
Strictly detined-by Halland*Glarkess 7: nc hemecih -< cace neces 102-103
Orthis (or Orthisina) sp., Etheridge, in synonymy...................... 109
Ortlis equivalus, (Elall)y mentioned. ois icinis Sais coree vb inte 2 ae. ck eee 103
CollactissDalmanementlonedsrnemearastrmei ier sciet ae ein iene 102
COM ZVOM MG, NENTONE ...,..2cba cig oe ae ints eck state lne bs ae 103
lissicosia.Fiall, “mentioned 2 ai cinta bras oe tei 8 eee ee 103
famest Tall.’ mentioned soni k (alent toners s sees akin ee eee 103
plicatelia, “mentioned 226-5. snc site eae oe oe ce ae ee 103
remmicha Winchell, mentioned... ...0::...u:0+ caas cutie wore ate eee 103, 104
SIMMATG, “TINENITIONEG. m cc's va steele ne “aoa HG a peek ols Daeg ae ee 103
subquadrata, mMmecmttOned. 2 siricc shes KoRwNnalaiar cin oz oe eves Se ee 103
WALA ALO gene SMC Shae e tia MRS OM A) Se SG PROT ee sake Saas 102
iniplicateila. Meek, ‘mienttatvedis cn isras 0 «td ac or vtec terol coeteeare aie meee 103
Orthis (Dalmanella) parva, mentioned: .. <6 0. ..2. 0: 0.0 bands oe ee eens 104
Orihis (Plectorilis) Walcott, in synonymy..................0s--+ sence 102
Orihoceras, stratigraphic position and association. ........:.....2:-..02% I9I
Orthotheca: adanist, mentioned sor. wf. oe kel e s. Skee ee 300
corrugata, stratigraphic position and association...............+.. 210
major, stratigraphic position and association.................. 197, 210
sp. undt., stratigraphic position and association................ 185, 1909
Orusia, Classification: Ob j.0h. srt oe rciorees tele «bios. nte!e 6 hobs eure eee ea 142, 148
EV GLISION SOLAN, hast aeelom er tee cleicaste aiele is wishes ee em pl. 11 (pp. 140-141)
INDEX 481
PAGE
Oryciocara, new genus, described and discussed.............00eeeeeeces 23
compared with Bathyuriscus..........00..005 yee ee, cane SE aE Bae
QUADS SA AIEEE ie NI es PO Oe re MOONE, ea ta ey cE es Eee tie 2225
ORV GLOGEL WOW Stace on loktostc Rn c sham oteoste aes eee de AS 22) 25
OPVELOGOGaSCIRICUs TIEW SPECIES). trteleleclss calesceus. cose censs23upl. L, figs. 9-10
CRASS RIES ISLC Ces Pod His to Pace Ao eine amewon den aos beds s cle 2
HAE MOMEG! os hose GOMES OAS SE OS aOR Dene ear ne ee aes 30
ryctocephalus, compated with Burlingio.. i... 0.0. oo ees oe boise cies aes 16
compared with Oryctocara.........c4.dccceevecteveses Feels
RANICOMOS {ain CLL OME sae ata ee ek coolers! Sive eho eg aRials sia are te are 17, 25, 30
StraticrapnicapostHoneand: association... /lasccac es vet cites 211
walkeri, stratigraphic position and association..............00.25- 2I1
sp. undt., stratigraphic position and association................ Gesigg
(LIEU ECCI TES TO) 0 tt eh Aloe gel Te RM pend Eee no Eee ee cae a BP oe oP 142, 148
VO UALR O Leemariepeees aienstoh cree tie a aaa aie scion tae eos siis pl. 11 (pp. 140-141)
Outside and middle lateral (Protractor) muscles, defined................ 157
Ovandanquadrancle: Mofitatta, fOSSILS Lin ce, exc c2siercess is sive s enislere cil silt ere 57
wei.) ubiblooraniicy rererenGes.fiassraeiescialele) sisi slave iz wiaruee biedeihie Sie eve 114
Owenella typa, stratigraphic position and association.................-6% 180
ackatd eT SeMbliogtaphic, reLenenCe. 2c vict'sice «1-6 onctoecies scdcnieieh sla 376
Gnpthereyes Ol einulUs anid trIlODItESN. «<< sess ste sie iclev cla s'ascccthodl Sere 239
RPE PIs PREC RUREP TUIIS wv ccy = 074 12 dia tvs a sec cinlale Fs aw ale LS 6 alata Dah e/ Dabl Owls 304
AEST O Taree l ictal ODE wide ctenet tals civot cist sie eens ee) arachnids. shoahe Mees aioe 243
COMPAved wwabllelESOMGCIS wares << le celeste tok tales his totste ais¥e ea ele 266, 304, 306
(OMANI BOSS AGE GLI HEM Geter SEE CRS OLED ERTEe 304, 306, 307, 308
PR OMTIRMENO I Ae STILTS 1s ro ay hee She tea ic odenene cp BGs wee Wes wavare pi sadiave ep Qvant 248
MevelOpimientrOl SMO) Itt CAC Ati vane poleche « cotlacum &,c1e:s/ ocr ss wreneneiein ole 249
ave lees AS cabehe sere dake mea Bets Ete ed Des ee Ae ee 239
PenaleanGminiessenaleSpimes ities segs neice etre eicieicle tee, clare sjedecos othe 237
Pieroaywarn ToUne ire OF SEMIS A. : 2,6 cpa olelsse F vhs vialald ws ea d.cle wile eas 266, 304
iiediegvenine tiie telson OL \OLEMEIINES:. cestea sos Seam oie vis (svsiache veo sss 4 os 245
FEGIEAS IES. O12 Nera boty NE oy eo nL! GR SM A 236, 247, 250, 269, 300, 327
new genus, species referred to the genus listed. ..:................- 232
LO LCSMONENLO DORA LO ty MEMUSh usta eeecicyceesaicla © «di. Goklche «sie Garo keene aiciete 304
mma eaC AMNION SSCP MENT e re ocie a cis cee areas clerals, ain. woe: > stele Swim ovy's ooo 0 Si tiene 238
stage in development of Mesonacide discussed.......:......2.0005. 308
CREW CMG MENIAQICR | Xe a ats kiche tyeintoiag. > Sis 2 as aia'aisle; es eae QR 313
Stagesspassed, through im development Ob. dire cl... yre one cle wslqae sk 308
StatenmmMe ye OMimlenty Oe th ta x GLemmMCC ne aio}s, crt <,cldre sala al cioatncienat oe 245
Sees tee Biles CIStIt MICTOIN TADEMALEM eicuyosnoese vip. se ere.n) ode ded bea gee Saree 6 251
Pedeumias transitans, new specieS..............2. 305, pls. 24, 25, 32-34, and 44
compared with Elliptocephala asaphoides............00ccc sc ee seen’ 310
OR ENEU La LCS: GTIMOUUS. = c0 seen 50 ves crsesieeees sooo vawsecd 346, 350
eee ES. IG OLOME Oo a a ieicte Ou aS eala apurle ors th rah omimiots ki hagth isle See 320
CBSO EL USSU GLUE x DOORS) cick le clan? cide os Xo Wtya ed vem aig -oee leis 310, 329
(UEC SSG DINO ATU pio t God PAGS B ESE een aoe ee Toe Bai eas2
QUEEN EIS MANGER AT CON OS COOTER eC IE ee Eee 334
Olenellus thompsonts oc o.oo vane vo vee oce'e 306, 307, 308, 338, 330
NE ESORACES DET INONIDH (ick ba cue 408 oie J ceo ove ees 306, 308, 338
482 SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS VOL. 53
Pedeumias transitans—Continued. PAGE
development of cephalon of..:........... ER stisic cel fier aes ait tee Mee 237
THOKAK Wc scce on dees ee ORI ee ee eee ra Sat 245
geooraphic distribution Ole stem cee entero ens oe oe eee eee 253
Inypostoma fos 52) GF Nts ieee pune tere oe Pe piste apse fos oe eee 243
compared with those of Olenellus fremonti and Olenellus gil-
DOPE, Mae ali Re ee ee eG ee Ee 322
MMENIETOMEM. sou. ous Se eee mite tense 2 +233; 234, 242, 248 \260ms02 "208
pathiof facial suturelin. ..oe. sea oes sae eee Gea 242
Stages passed, throuch invdevelopimiemtiOte reece eiceiek ee nee 308
stratigraphic distribution) tabulated... 2+ me oe eee 251
surface of compared with that of Paradoxides.............+s-.0-- 307
young cephalon from Alabama described..................... 308, 300
young compared with those of Wamneria halli...............0002++ 207
young stages of dorsal shield........... Tate dos AO Oe 307
Pace formation. correlated aceesy.niec oc oor eee ae eee 171
defined ses SOAS Oo ce Saas OE Ee ne eee eee 3
SECHOM Ole eee ee eee ABA ESOS AAO basis ook 205, pl. 9
Paget and Bosworth formation, Mount Bosworth, break between......... 215
Paleobolus, see Obolus (Paleobolus).
Patlialsimuses, \defined):..)....c ous vole cnc erecto mietacte ts nic ol oe ticks ane eee 160
palliseri, see Ptychoparia.
Ralpebralsesment defined: ak fo1).ttm aoeymers deus o orkee or Se 238
panderi, see Acrothele.
pannula, see Micromitra (Iphidella).
pannula maladensis, see Micromitra (Iphidella).
pannula ophirensis, see Micronutra (Iphidella).
Paerabolina,--compared - with ‘Albertellat. cs 252 v5.0 0 ee eee 19
Paradoxide, trilobites belonging to the family described................ 18-22
Poradoxides, anterior ‘pair of futnowseil:.... 0 .2<. sas es. ee eee 333
compared swithimBurlineid esse. core: oc 7 cia eee 14, 15
development of, shown in diagram. ............2...cc00+e00+ 249
eloneationson-seeone segment in......%0.. 00s) ee eee 245
followed by Olenelius [Whitfield]...................4 0.0... 313
from St. Albans, Vermont, figured..... text figs. 10 and IT, p. 255
MENEOMEH A Mae eG enki hee eee 89, 104, 247, 255
preceded’ by (Olewellus icy. coe eek cc co bee nen ee ee 313
surface of, compared to that of Pedeumias:......2.... see 307
ZONE VOSSIVS Ato rtaser ters oe ceo etete cbc Sloe cael Oe ee 78, 104
asapnoides Barrandesinvsynonymy. oo. ss secs sees n ee leteeeeee 269
Emmons) ini syMOmymyeee. ccs sock c ise cee eens 269, 336
brachycephalus Emmons, in synonymy...............22.0c000. 269, 336
harlam, compared with Holmia bréggeri (Shimer)............ 254-255,
text figs. 12 and 13, p. 255
IMENHOMEM: Ma's Ne eccaia tee Heke he See Ok cee a eee eee eee 254
Wickst, mientioned@ c.0-0% . then eatee eae oc Srl s coed Soe ee 276
eral. Bord; in: SyfOnyinyis tae sevice che Seton oe tee 288
Linnarsson, Un usynouyiny: senccscen c. Cee ee nee 288
Walcottin: synonyimy.x.. ceekiccce. baste see he Uae eee 288
INDEX 483
Paradoxides—Continued. PAGE
macrocephalus Barrande, in synonymy...........-...-.+++++0- 260, 337
BiTinIG HSee TS VMLOM VIN; aero epercei ac oeeiaiie: ee eet ciehe's «ioe 269, 330
LOM NUGIES IMEMUON Ed. c.cehs he Nero cs. aie St alae Rete eran es, 287, 290
pusillus, anterior pair of glabellar furrows in.................-243, 333
Spinosus, anterior pair of glabellar furrows in................. ZAsh 238
TASTE CREEL ey he Mites Stack Sein con a -Aiesaj ye MERE eee te te oe 209
SNORT TIE SSCA rere Ur heehee a as omlcce ee cities Sie ee terete: 287
MU mMPSOMNL WaT rande. iif SYHGNYMY...... oe. we scecsceees tse se esos 337
Ents AT SURI VEIAW ods Ss 015 S.% 2 cle lee esis 2 A laces Sycle caeon 305, 337
LUI OMSaal MMe Sy MOMVMAYIe. Seerreisicicre.eiccie el eicten cmon s Se cae) «oi leis 337
DEVMONLMiiebathande: AM SYfONVINY <4. s-00ccceees assisee ase aes 265
Billings, in synonymy... 2.2.5 065 EER tery, Sa eR ei 265
aiinOnsseriile SYMOMV ITTY secfois es, esta leeosel clelehacss crormelsistotele crecWome ss 265
walcotti Shaler and Foerste, in synonymy...............eceeeees 341
Paradoxides (Gen. ?) kjerulfi Matthew, in synonymy................... 289
Bettie treme ERIC L OT ANE: ae coe kc ccelsi dea cs erg > pidS Gd Hea din’ ods areseneleh cle toes 314
JESUS ETS. STON bE rank a el eee a a en 311
Ste MCP SISTENT TIVR NES creo on) tarale, vac fark Sasi Sobek Seale ce Stalwicheho sc Sisters 0s 286
distigenished trom, the Mesonacida..:. 25.0.0... ).6seae Sl eels 250
SINE TaRE ASTER IEE, ot SU Rts oie) wha ans as 8S wi Gal GA Eta x eek 236
PESTO Neekt OMe VCSOMACIC aE hm aus.t oe aay Sole: fa Ne soa tte Se wae 253
EeretetalmmraneesG elim eines stejetccreis% cro¥eis,cicle oe ath ative ctorsta he oy hereto wate te sorte 157
BARREL SECAGgEVsETOSSI SyaEO Mla on.) horas tole satan ore toes wo alae Ne to oS bee 330, 341
parva, see Dalmanella and Orthis (Dalmanella).
parvus, see Dicellomus and Obolus.
Paterina, see Micromitra (Paterina).
EE etiiidceme SSI CAbl OlaOlc cepa cece ier oats cielo Sas eS te ee eb obayehotee oe 142
CSTE! “5 ck owboOohocdeS DU COS COE ICES AOE ODOC eS neh ah aes Aaa 143
dapsrameshowines line Or eSCents, 2. defined: .02.23...0c520 3s eas od ot wo ot ee ee eO eee 158
Pseudodeltiditim, defined tc) 36 cx. sc heer cc oe easel etl tetera 158
Pseudospondylinum, defined <\.... a.75 sae+ 6 ote oe eee eee 158
Ptarmican aker view sot mide@enneaie mentee tiene aes pl. 46, fig. 1
Ptarmigan’ Pass tossilss trois ao eee eae eee ee eee 210) 220;03au
Ptarmigan Peak. Elector shales) omen... -c.0: ieee oars tere ee eee 429
Lower Cambrian. conglomerate one. ..+sc6 c. ose cee 426
Pterocephalus ?, stratigraphic position and association.................. 204
Ptychaspis, stratigraphic position and association...:.......-..o,seesee 176
Rinchopama mentionediure orc aero eer ee rite cece 21, 102, 300, 315, 318
cordillere: mentioned: 222.5 oss vase os cers oats ates AO OE Ree 25
Stratigraphic postition atid associations =. s aon 2II
kingi, stratigraphic position and association .....:.....do0es.08 180, 181
palliseri, stratigraphic position and association.................--. 211
piochensts, mentioned «..024..25- fetes ac nes. o Soe tee eee 25
Stratioraphic spositionpand sassOciationicn. mies eines 183, 107
subcoronata, stratigraphic position and association................ 196
sp. undt., stratigraphic position and association. .175, 176, 178, 179, 180,
181, 182, 183, 189, I92, 193, 194, 195, 196, 197, 198, 199, 201, 202, 204,
205.9208, (200), 210, 211,212) 2131214), 215.
pugio, see Neolenus intermedius.
pulchra, see Botsfordia.
pupa, see Bathyuriscus.
pusillus, see Paradoxides.
Pygidium of the Mesonacidz discussed:..../............s.2-.0 Sek Ope eee
pyxidicula, see Acrotreta.
quadriceps, see Dorypyge.
quadrilineata, see Acrothele.
Quebectas ‘classtheation Ol? 2 sae fos ds Ou Sens vc vies Gs oh a 142, 145
CVOlUEIGN Ol ince teak Bohne wn someon See pl. 11 (pp. 140-141)
nature ot Jshelll sstibstance..\ cis . cine «= asic cides sele e e 150
Rafinesquinee, ‘classificationiOfss 6 a0. «00 view slec side see ee aoe 142
defined oF. ores cake oe tikee foes cons des 2 aE th ae 148
Raphistoma sp., stratigraphic position and association..........-...ee.-- 173
rara, see Nisusia.
Raw,, Frank, “acknowledgments! 4). 2.0)... 0. ».s+.)sngse eee eee 235, 283
bibliographic: reference (oo .0)...0 0. ayes 3 otk we gine ee 377
MANUSCLIPt MOtES “COPLEMs...:..c.0 «aloes sss.e Heise bieeie ele eee ee 283
Reagan formation, Oklahoma, fossilsiin...:.... 2. ¢:sd8n.ne eee 07
Redlich, K., A., bibliographic, references... 0.0:. cc. Fs II4
INDEX 487
PAGE
Redlichella, see Acrothele (Redlichella).
Redlichie, a descendant of the Mesonacid....... 000.2. .0.e0--ss ese 253, 254
ecient ye DIDMOPTAPMIC FELELENCE ac r s2 co. c gels see S cee es ae ta eee 218
remnicha, see Eoorthis and Orthis.
remnicha wintieldensis, see Eoorthis.
memsacenGounty,.New York, fossils. from. 2224). . 2 osc. sc2 ob ee ease eens 274
Resting (Fresh Water) Springs, fossils from................... 15740300) 328
reticulatus, see Olenellus.
erhaGl O feet SGless eee Ce ccs secice > Gest niece ee wee te toae oe aun oe oie 154, 158
rex, see Agnostus.
Eero Smile TOSS! Sa TLOImM ame. Gerst ao <1Aeie ais dete So eure Sita ae cde em one. « 274
reynoldsi, see Oryctocephalus.
RIES I SIDMEOHES, SINGS Sil KS SION ale eee hel CASES IOIT RCCe ey CEI Ue ete CU ar Sa 340
Pere Gay KTOSSUS Pat otsyc the ae. on naielsie os ou cise rs winieesihees oO n= 83
BeBe MARES TOSSUG ALOIS ; aC hielo oa 3 dais we'yebu win Sue tue hineaasiecanee 340
Rocky Mountain region, fresh-water origin of Algonkian sediments in.... 252
Se yeett Sci) -ACKNOWICOOTMIENTS 5.5 2.2.0 '- <0) 8 sles 's 9 Oa ale vc Aietaweeals wes 234
pee asMaeS TRCN Oe A ante ERD fate co oe Set crams Mis ga 2 ose oe Side snd x. eels.» obs ears 304
Rochen Mem DiDlOrrapiienTenenence. +... cassie c's «recierew’eicje.c. civlstove vie sleterc II4
eee aleasitale od MenneSSee, LOSSIS: TN). ..2). savadin sels tre date ei pip Sein hee ave ore 96
ENO Ue SL OnyElee LOSSIIS PETOM Sie o0.cicghk osc eier do oleae aisle eradele ye aclekem ane 304, 310, 340
PMI RSA S LOMO MOS SHIG mii Olllesbarcre ste autwerresceit oa. a iraveie nin ia¥satelesinn Sok Atha wpe 310
Pesmineera es ybibliogranmc: LEfEreENCes . 0% vis. sca clcd ove sd cee n des Gainers 218
romingeri, see Corynexochus and Platyceras.
EOC GIamITI SC) CommG anime smrvens mosey avai cr er nteioe Mavsle aikets isis Sicle oiclavee Zs and olla tede 159
rotundata, see Syntrophia.
rotundatus, see Bathyuriscus and Obolus.
rowei, see Holmia and Lingulella (Lingulepis).
rudis, see Acrotreta.
rugosa, see Stenotheca.
asesia iim seCitOns, Of 1OSSUS TOMI... <1: \telieiemr eter ee einer 171
SECTIONUO LT oe oss eeloe's See eee en lacie trae eB ce IQI-193
in Tdaho: fLOSSils miss. coco 8 Wrroecers ote. e etaere Re Lalor aah ere 64, 105, IIO
St Paul) Minnesota, thin ‘section of fossils itom...... «.54s-ee eer erie 151
St. Piran formation’ compelatedsa..c... cn aeeie cies eet erie I7I
Mehnved | Sess oe veces Tied ws oA OA od ise Ae ad lots epoca Cee 4
FOSSILS ROM occ eo ee eloe crete cain ois oreows seems terstere Ween 301, 319, 330, 331
near Lake Louise; view Showitig..:. <. << 2.)J:i..0 oso eee ee pl. 22
on Mount Bosworth; section Ot: +. 42 fcc «coe tek) eels 215
St-'Simion; ‘fossils frome ss. i2 oga8 wc gues Seu Sab oe tet ee ee ee 339
Salem;'*fossils* fromss is deres ce Se Sees his OS eRe ee 340
salemensis, see Billingsella.
Salter, J." W., ‘bibliographic’ references.” sic... .5.6 ..dccc AF nee bis 600 SEs anes pliert (pp. 140-141)
MENLIONEM\->...dis.c 0 Aeididlece boven AOE ate ® obec hee 78
Siphonotreta ? dubia, mentioned. ... 6.0.0... 5s oe eee ee oe tee eee 300, 315
stratigraphic position and association. ................sesee eee 189
Siphonetretacea, \classthication "Of st. 0 ssnte ace duels ~ sie rue 2 oe eS 142
Ge FINE eich ai sien cve o's alavenwistehose sabes a: aete a el S eeu bcihe) ok RS eee eee 145
Siphonotretide, classification Of. 0.20 20h «ds. esac « cee sree 142
(a(S) ain cc Maun WR RE Sy ONCE ee ee ON oer MO MRR IRS Gas om 3 + 146
diagram showing line ot descent: .. <2 6.000: .06i2 uc =< 2 140
Gisthbition!: im) Gambian stiaeasiy cies eerie nel ite trav eee 140
number of genera referred to the family...............ececseecses 141
Siyeh limestone, possibly represented in Bow Valley.................+-. 431
Smith, EycAS spectésnamed afters sic. cae stars aol «iss ... os 3 sds.eun onoawe wie eee ee aes tune tele eae 26, 30
Blacksmith Fork, correlated tings wfc senvs i> ale oivto'els oe sly fo eer ene I7T
SECHION SOL ox... aid) aay stad ee ee Sy oie bie bye eee 197-198
House. Range, correlated)... 55 snis cise) oes clots, rac cate eel 171
SECHON OL ...c sas. soRteR Penh as TOU EO Ee ce see Seat Si 183, pl. 17
spencei, see Nisusia (Jamesella).
spinosus, see Paradoxides and Zacanthoides.
Spirifer; stratigraphic position and association.....:........-co0-seeeeee 200
Splanchnocerle) defined .\4..)G2e0%e chia oes ee sow 96 2s eee ene ee 158
Spondylium, defined and discussed. 02 2c sss. %'s ons ss 302 =< = ne 150
spurri, see Acrothele.
Stansbury Range: Uitah; fossils tletevss 204 cce. eee ee eee 69, OI
Stenotheca elongata, stratigraphic position and association........... 189, 213
Stenotheca ct. elongata, mentianed.¢)....c #25. > «seo secs ee eee pe eee 300, 315
SHEMOLVEER FWLOSAINeItIOUle hermes ote serie erste . .300, 315, 341
Stenotheca ci. rugosa, sara nbie resition Sie ASSOClAL One ase eee 189
Stenotheca wheeleri, stratigraphic position and association............... 210
Stenotheca sp. undt., stratigraphic position and association.............. 199
Stephen formation, . defined Ss. matinee «0,-2.0. tee cicero smite le eicnet eaee eee 3
FOSSIISH ATOM Koco tic elder eieis fied Da eels elses oe eee oa eee ae ee ee 17
British aColtimbias fossilseats: 2050... ce eiteis cicelaee ete eee 102
Gastle Mountain.) vwiewssmowange.c1 rie cco e letter ere pl. 20, fig. 2
Monnt) Bosworth, mcomelated’: ac... ci sovcirercebeeresreie ieee I7I
Section’ /OL meer cisais oleers o:5 « «sore. anc « oerelosie > ee eee 209-212
stephenensis, see Karlia.
INDEX é 491
PAGE
Srosie. Motta, fossils. fronn sia Aye he ook vw otha Palen pale oe He's SA st 274
stissingensis, see Micromitra (Paterina).
stoneanus, see Obolus (Westonia).
Stones River formation, thin section of fossils from...............+..5- 151
SreapiciartiaCeay ClaSSIMCatiOn MOL. J se.s0).)a1s od were, hg edie Selcielaialareue Du alae otsin's 142
GETING CB MO tae aie sk aie craton win deo on aes tale era ah trae Sek oles aha ianupoae olin ale nevateilorera’ 148
EXPOURTIRLOTRE (OIL A Re BE EGA OR OO CR ICRU AO acu on oo ocare DcoOeeere 145
er CPIATEEMIGe 4 CIASGIMEATTON (Opie myc sreiais) sre 5 oleic ors ol he ahaYorm eles satan vena as 142, 148
diagram showing line of descent........ Hea Ae are etn are eae ol ey Sno 140
dist cabrio Cambrian strata ss 6/522 chk ce Wiens Bae cee eee 8 140
stuarti, see Micromitra (Paterina).
subcoronata, see Ptychoparia.
subequata, see Dalmanella.
subquadrata, see Orthis.
subsidua, see Acrothele.
subsidua hera, see Acrothele.
sulcata, see Acrotreta idahoensis.
superba, see Micromitra (Paterina).
superbus, see Neolenus. p
SMa ULOMMOSSI SR ITO ane ryaceo ks ana a eee ash iiais weve. oc nighcaitiasiiae ie eton 339
EIMMSeCHONSEOR (OSS Olle smctres neces tac ve casetharee Seseteas rae I5I, 164
Dineaser OMS CRASSINE AMOI Olt oie cc ¢ S05 seta csewsece. 1s, Gi eseiel wae SS Verna Ot wells 142, 148
ENTS LET S7s, TS 1 PRES aps eee Oe te Rea pl. 11 (pp. 140-141)
MU PILO MEETS Che Sta ITIETICLOSUEC So)st-y ciate a ara iere es cea iol Dalote ord wets aceon 300, 315
PMR eC POSIT, AEC IASSOCIALION . civic oo < o6c.6 eee sue Sie ol Re els 189
Swantonia ? sp. undt., stratigraphic position and association............. 189
EMULATION EC any. err serache atein eran Cis, vic.« eloieene ohare ote ee nn alee 300, 315
See aS ep eect ti AEA ELS CHINN scste cca Sas Go's wine ne io acts ¢ obi babies sea alee II
Piney m ume Me OLiClabed or. sett oie. cee ee eee tc ew co oaee 171
SECMOKOL Aare tay sarae ats eae ee tees eee oe 181-182, pls. 16 and 17
SMMUKO PIs me LASSITI CATION Oley eats crit teiscrs bias» « slaeke Mae os ok ws 142, 148
EOL Rags pil OM fog 4 Ur eR ae RRR Pie ee as hd ae RR oy PRP III
EL EIE CHL een te cv ece tar ones, kena idl aT EN I VL LEN OR 109, III
(PL ETD bar eS CAE AE EO TDL Oo EOL een ore III
EN GRERETONY OTs rote oce es crak doi iste oh hiesiwhl SU ONE wae oF pl. 11 (pp. 140-141)
RT CACU OC Gn get. 222 Mee ee Wen cava VO Ne Se ht it a a, Raa Io 8 106
Syntrophia barabuensis, compared with Syntrophia unxia.............- ee LOS
Syntrophia calcifera, compared with Syntrophia cambria................ 107
Syntrophia cambria, new species............2...05- 106, pl. 10, figs. Ir and Ila
Rep ARe ew auhl AU ORCL. cist’ os ak a eases Chis Abn Ow Behe arenes 107
CUMIN ODI EGICEL CE Sato en oa os Peds tetch a cik Mes Pearse rere 107
SNE TO UTE IEE DOVE eo Secale da. sla cra oh aah cic meee wei rehagren ak 107
Hertiieiapiiic NOSIMOM ald ASSOCIAtIOlt, cscs yo ck oy cies bdsnaks Savarese 196
Syntrophia campbelli, new species..................4- 107, pl. Io, figs. 9, Qa-c
compares with Faenella. FECAnDS. sc cess ajcloinc ou boric coos chee wis ashe oe 108
SUELO PRAIE TOTEM OLE: «0 Sadie Sere Satuare oak heel A E eda Bele bic 108
Syntrophia lateralis, shell structure compared with that of Huenella ab-
EEE ei aie 2 ROAD, SUE RISO GR ORE ARE OE Dee ewes cet ear whiners, genet ahs 152
492 SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS VOL. 53
PAGE
Syutrophia nundia, compared with Syntrophia cambria. .............005- 107
stratigraphic poSifion:and association. vas: herr. Acs2> 62 eee 189, I9I, 192
Syntrophia primordialis, compared with Syntrophia unvia. ..........0+4- 108
Syntrophia rotundata, compared with Syntrophia campbelli.............. 108
Syntrophia-?.unxia, New. SPECIES. cose ccc dev secs ce ccbew cess 108, pl. 10, fig. 10
coinpared with. Syntrophia :bDaKaDwensts .-.).:3+...° tw ole tienaecle 9 ela 108
Syntrophia primordialis ... cick ncsaneuevetes fate 6.4 55 De donee eter meee
Stratigraphic position and associations .24.%). 2» - =|) ile ke 180
Syntrophinic; Classification: OF; »...4.c.:eshed ele falda te ie ee 142
: (Lis ka) a a RO ee TE Se et eA A MRM crn a oo 0 0 148
diaeramushowanes lime Ok CESGemtartecisr st 1siots Peete as tenet tee 140
distribution ins Cambijamestsatasey aes erie ete eae ieee eee 140
sanKe GUE ODOC UMMA ERR RR ot amintirn OA in en Meta SA ie eset lect s 4.0,'¢ “1; SE RTOG
number of genera referred to the family............. ath) See I4I
Syringopora, stratigraphic position and association. ..........-..++.++-4- 200
taconica, see Acrotreta sagittalis.
Teeth raennied \ ee relek «doc Le Oe Bee celemueleenete blend stelsl cress ite alt 9 nae 159
Telson ot Olenellus not a pyadimine a 0. leas ein 0.0 o's sc nie te os oe 246
tennesseensis, see Linnarssonella.
tessini, see Parado.xides.
Peton Mountains Wy omines toSsilseanemeeis cis ase sian. oe) eee 3
tetonensis, see Obolus.
tetonensis leda, see Obolus.
Texas, fresh-water origin of Algonkian sediments in................... 252
texana, see Huenella, Lingulella, and Syntrophia.
texanus, see Crepicephalus.
thompsoni, see Barrandia, Olenellus, and Paradoxides.
thompsoni crassimarginatus, see Olenellus.
Miorax Opthe Mesenacids discussed ange. sects 0 as ok 2k eee 244-245
thyone, see Eoorths.
TT) SAMO TEANtS | ITIP SY MOMMY IM, .ne-,0, sick cheat tek osy oe iees to =) scctarete eter 2 adie re 70
Thysanotos, see Obolus (Thysanotos).
Thysanotus, see Obolus (Thysanotus).
impahnte@hangeydossils mrommereneeeeece cress ce ace oe eee 286, 322, 345
Tiatic Range Section: (Utah fosotls aig is cecil atte oie ares insist 107
NolleatetEanyon;. fossils#tromece ese a seeee a ectos cae toe ee eee 300
Mometen, TOssils; TrOtiee sp ememes cetekiMeitersate cs sin siestle wots s orketeieeees eee 290
torelli, see Mesonacis and Schmidtia.
transitans, see Pedumias.
Tratismediane( Rotator), Muscles; dehined So..5. 2: ay: cone scone 159
ran SVEErsemaxS;, CETIEd pet caycater itera ls. chs le o'e%ele\opaid ie o Riaunves Sigal ence Rc ee 159
transversa, see Linnarssonella.
Trapezoidalffarea, vdetinedis: ha serpertsciae «hee, steleists cieistele Oe acuarotsle etc 159
Trematopovus, ‘ClasciliGatione Olareve vel ane ocx cette mista ee et eee 142, 146
conipared withPDearbOriidye.c tes cc sc os « oie eee Mnlelaceeeioe 79, 80
EVOMUILION VOL hcacrecrmeteasinolsereieteteriele soso fie, «heir pl. 11 (pp. 140-141)
mature or Shell substancesn-osciieeiel: eisie 9 Sad MaRS eee 150
INDEX 493
PAGE
Minematovoles excelsis, NEW SPECIES. wa 6a .w we bis wcivcnpewlele cols om 80, pl. 8, fig. 8
COMMALedewithe Pearl OF MAG CLARA 4 cpsstee sake b he era ce mie hatte tas 5,5 80
stratigraphic position and association..................+-++-+ 9187, 188
Trematobolus insignis, compared with Trematobolus excelsis.......... 80, 81
Trematobolus kempanum, compared with Trematobolus cxcelsis........ 80, 81
HREMOIIOOLUS PTISHMUS, MENMONED esi) ic. Si cae hak Sek wee he as Oleielele 81
tricenaria, see Orthis. ;
Trilobite, a mud-burrowing animal similar to Limulus................- 241-242
Miniloiiressa ey OlitiOiis Ole aerate ath oes ay hare cin Seay eanaie niet crores ett 256-257, 260
eyes Of compared with those of the Isopoda:.. 2.i..4. 6.2. oo ae ee 240°
eyes or compared with those of Limulus: 20.2.6 60s. owl eA se 239
Trimerella, nature of shell substance. ............ cece cece ec cence ences 150
Tamerella: UNdstrOmt MENtHONEd:. <5. cass = aes ae cite iietelee lsisie. svcieieis sete ovelcre 74
ramercia linguloides, mettioned. if. 5'4-celes ewe esse so ve Siw OSs dee So 75
TNawaaiacilivehos wesize) Uolnloyabercy Wey Ae ISy pa rask ecn ens ary Coie rn nna eee lca ae 144
ANE TELCO Cette taee etait cee erent cn atpc ec aceite oToke als SP TR EINS Oe le cue ae eR ape 73
Missi nat euae SS AVeeTOSSIISa IO Terre ar feiss cose cece tute aye eect acetone hee ayant ete 280
triplicatella, see Orthis.
Brotcm eistoless fOSSiUS mid OMll 6 0c j-.0¢ ss eee 3.0
Pygidium :
TOM Obl ess saisve seo er eeavelc Meare etelets CooPe chat cise. Sith cua ede ar el ecerenae eee FAS
AY Vi (ald alee ey stats BRA on do ch hah nr econ RNAI RE ty Pte A Sach a 10.0
Axialilobes anterior Seomentaaccch ce ode cries eee 4.5
Acxial lobes. pestertoneseementa, -yrtue- stele oe eter 235
The preceding description is based on adult specimens averaging
38 to 45 mm. in length. A large number of young and small speci-
mens were found in association with the larger adults, some of
which exhibit stages of growth. A specimen 1.9 mm. in length
(fig. 5) preserves the cranidium and five segments of the thorax.
The glabella widens out toward the front, and the occipital furrow
is very faint; the base of the palpebral lobe is farther out on the
posterior margin than in the adult, and its anterior end is at the
dorsal furrow and nearer the antero-lateral, rounded angle of the
glabella. The pleural lobe has somewhat broader, more direct fur-
rows on the pleura, and the spine of the fifth segment is very large;
another important character is the greater extension of the terminal
spines of the third thoracic segment—a character unknown in the
a
CAMBRIAN TRILOBITES—WALCOTT 29
later stages of growth of this species and a character persistent in
Albertella helena, which occurs over 2,000 feet (609.6 m.) lower
than the horizon of Zacanthoides spinosus (Rominger) in the
Cambrian section of the Canadian Rocky Mountains. It also occurs
in the adult forms of Mesonacis vermontana* and other trilobites of
the Olenellus fauna. A specimen of the entire dorsal shield 3.2 mm.
in length has the same widening of the glabella toward the front
as the smaller specimen, but the base of the palpebral lobes have
drawn in toward the glabella, and the glabella has extended forward
beyond the anterior extrethities of the palpebral lobes; the thorax
has only adult characters, except that the third segment appears to
have on one side a stronger terminal spine, and there are but seven
segments; the spines on the border of the pygidium are short, and
but four can be seen on each side. Specimens 8 mm. in length have
all adult characters in the cephalon and thorax, with the exception
of the terminal spines of the pygidium, which are shorter and less
clearly defined at the crossing of the border.
OBSERVATIONS.—This species occurs abundantly in Idaho. When
collecting it I thought it to be Zacanthoides typicalis,? but on direct
comparison with that species it was found to differ in having the
posterior end of the palpebral lobe nearer the glabella; the glabella
proportionally narrower in front,,and larger antero-lateral parts of
the fixed cheek; a broader thoracic axis in proportion to the pleural
lobes; a long median spine on the fifth instead of seventh segment;
a larger pygidium, with broader pleural lobes, more rings on the
axis, and more terminal spines on the pygidium. It is found to
differ from Zacanthoides spinosus (Walcott)* in having the gla-
bella less expanded toward the front; palpebral lobes nearer the
glabella at their posterior end; smaller antero-lateral parts of the
fixed cheek; absence of a strong occipital spine; in the thorax it
differs in having a long median spine on the central axis at the fifth
segment instead of the seventh, and the axial lobe is proportionally
wider; the pygidium differs in having four rings on the axis in-
stead of three; the axial lobe is proportionally longer, and the spines
on the pygidium differ in details of shape and number. The three
species occur at the same relative geological horizon, but are widely
separated. Z. typicalis occurs at Pioche, Nevada, 350 miles south-
southwest of the locality of 7. idahoensis at Spence Gulch, 15 miles
* Walcott, 1891, Tenth Ann. Rept. U. S. Geol. Survey, pl. txxxvu, fig. 1a;
see also pls. LXXxXIV and LXXxv.
* Walcott, 1886, Bull. U. S. Geol. Survey, No. 30, p. 183.
* Walcott, Mon. U. S. Geol. Survey, vol. vim, 1884, p. 63; and Bull. U. S.
Geol. Survey, No. 30, 1886, p. 184.
30 SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS VOL. 53
west of Montpelier, Idaho; Z. spinosus is from Mount Stephen, in
British Columbia, 685 miles north-northwest of Spence Gulch.
Among the associated fossils are Bathyuriscus howelli Walcott,
Oryctocephalus reynoldsi Reed, Oryctocara geikiei Walcott, Micro-
mitra (I[phidella) pannula (White).
FoRMATION AND LocaLity.—Middle Cambrian: Spence shale of
the Ute formation, 2,755 feet (839.7 m.) below the Upper Cambrian
in the Liberty Canyon section; Spence Gulch, a ravine running up
into Danish Flat from Mill Canyon, about 15 miles (9.37 km.) west
of Montpelier, and 5 miles (3.12 km.) west-southwest of Liberty,
Bear Lake County, Idaho, U. S. A.
Genus NEOLENUS Matthew
NEOLENUS INFLATUS, new species
PLATE 5, FIGURES I-5
Dorsal shield large, elongate-elliptical in outline; axial lobe
strongly convex. Cephalon semicircular in outline, with the genal
angles produced into sharp spines about one-half the length of the
cephalon; a narrow, rounded rim extends across the front of the
cranidium, and, widening a little, runs along the outer margins of
the free cheeks to the genal angles. The facial sutures cut the
posterior margin well within the genal angles with an outward
direction to the posterior furrow, where they curve inward and
forward to the base of the eye lobe; arching over the eye lobes they
curve outward to about the line of the outer rim of the palpebral
lobe, forward to the frontal rim, and then obliquely inward across
the rim to the front margin. Cranidium with a prominent, tumid
glabella, narrow fixed cheeks, small antero-Jateral limbs, and strong
postero-lateral limbs. Glabella large, convex; the frontal lobe is
inflated and, in all but young, small specimens, overhangs the frontal
rim; the sides gradually expand from the occipital ring to the
broadly rounded front, which extends forward to, and lies parallel
with, the furrow within the rounded frontal rim; the anterior half
of the glabella is taken up by the expanded, anterior lobe and the
posterior half is divided into four narrow lobes by shallow furrows
that extend obliquely inward and slightly backward nearly to the
median line; in some specimens, especially the young, the furrows
are very faintly defined; occipital ring separated from the glabella
by a narrow, shallow furrow; it is broad, moderately convex, and
with a strong, long, sharp, arching spine that extends back over the
thorax nearly to the pygidium; the base of the spine occupies nearly
the entire width of the occipital ring at its center. Fixed cheeks
CAMBRIAN TRILOBITES—WALCOTT By
about one-fourth the width of the glabella, gently convex and merg-
ing into the anterior and posterior limbs; the posterior limb is
about twice as long as deep below the eye lobe and marked by a
strong furrow within the broad, slightly convex posterior border ;
palpebral lobe small, 7 mm. long in a cephalon having a length of
35 mm. at the eye lobes; it is bordered by a rounded rim that con-
tinues obliquely forward across the fixed cheek and merges into the
side of the glabella. Free cheeks large, gently convex; bordered by
a rounded rim that is continued posteriorly into a spine; posterior
margin rather broad and about one-third the length of the margin
between the genal angles and the occipital ring; eye lobe small and
not high. The genal spine is situated some distance out from the
central axis, so that it clears the terminal spines of the thoracic
pleure.
Thorax with seven nearly transverse segments; axial lobe con-
vex, with the segments slightly rounded and a small node at the
center of each; a low, narrow, transverse ridge occurs on each side
near the union of the axial and pleural lobes; pleural lobes a little
wider than the axial lobe and slightly convex; the pleura is straight,
out to the backward curving, terminal spine; the narrow pleural
furrow originates at the inner end next to the axis and passes
obliquely outward, terminating just back of the center of the pleura
at the base of the terminal spine; the latter has a strong base and
narrows rapidly to a sharp point as it extends outward and back-
ward a short distance.
Pygidium large, moderately convex; anterior margin nearly trans-
verse, posterior outline broadly semi-elliptical; axial lobe convex
and narrowing gradually from the anterior margin to the terminal
ring at the narrow posterior border; it is divided into ten strong,
rounded, transverse rings and a terminal section by ten narrow
furrows; the terminal section in large specimens has a transverse
pit on each side of its center that indicates an eleventh ring; a low
node is indicated at the center of each ring, and a low, narrow, trans-
verse swelling occurs near the dorsal furrow on each side; in a
pygidium 8 mm. in length there are nine clearly defined, axial rings,
a faint, tenth ring, and an elongate, rounded, terminal section ; pleural
lobes slightly convex out to the spinose border, which is flattened
between the termination of the pleural grooves and its outer edge;
the eight marginal spines on each side are similar to those of the
pleural lobes of the thorax with the exception of the posterior ones,
which extend directly backward; the space between the axial lobe
and the margin is marked by the pleural furrows and the narrow
32 SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS VOL. 53
furrows indicating seven anchylosed segments; the posterior fur-
rows are nearly parallel to the sides of the axial lobe; the furrows
all terminate on the inner portion of the outer border, the pleural
furrows with a slight, elongate pit just within the border.
Surface with variously arranged, irregular, raised lines or narrow,
sharp ridges; on the glabella they are very slender and arranged in
a somewhat concentric manner, although they are broken and
irregular; on the fixed and free cheeks the raised lines are much
stronger, irregular, and more or less anastomosing; on the thoracic
segments the short, irregular raised lines cross the segments of the
axis on each side between the central node and the dorsal furrow,
and on the pleurz they extend obliquely across the raised spaces
between the furrows; the pygidium has about the same markings at
the thorax except on the flattened border, where the short, elevated,
irregular lines extend across the border.
DiIMENSIONS.—There are two small, nearly entire dorsal shields.
One, having a length of 24 mm. exclusive of the posterior spines.
of the pygidium, has the following dimensions:
Cephalon: mm.
TEM tla apse. 2.4.5: is honey syoce cate Eee Re a Soe Te 9.5
Waidthvatspostenonmaraiierr a merece i enn tree II.5
Thorax:
ES ik=4 lg eee ah near. 4 nA Ao ico ee Lee sete do 2" 8.0
Waidth= at first Iseamemty. . 0. ico taatete et etieia Reyes eee ee 14.0
Pygidium :
JORGE jo Sea ohne ape Sas Mebane aetaeioime eked aac Voce nei eee 7.5
Widthyat vanterion maroinmenr oases cen eee eee 10.0
A large cranidium, 52 mm. in length, has the following dimen-
sions:
Glabella : mm.
Tpensth cn. £03 atin iat Tete eee ule Sean ae ee 42.0
Width =atsposteriorsmanoiiten, yr 4+ lie ee ieee es 88.0
WadthratwoccipitalehitrOw Perce cles imei -ree terra eee 26.0
Width just in front of ocular ridge..... <2 fayette aa pee 34.0
Palpebral: tim, Jenothhws cee wae a: << +s scene enema 7.0
A large pygidium, 58 mm. in length, has the following dimen-
sions:
mm
Wadtheateantert ot amatadins ocr) icicctmeran eletetee areca 76.0
Axial lobe lengthine scares poke one cree, eee 52.0
Axial lobe, width) at anterior manoin) ce ase ee 19.0
Axial lobe, width at anterior sesment... 3.05. .ceeeee ee 19.0
Axial lobe, width at posterior section.................. 10.0
Pleural lobe, width at anterior margin......... Jags oes 28.5
CAMBRIAN TRILOBITES—-WALCOTT 33
Hypostoma strongly convex, elongate, strongly rounded at the
base, narrowing toward the broadly rounded posterior margin;
border slightly flattened, with a rounded edge; this edge is arched
slightly upward on the sides at about the posterior third of the
length of the hypostoma; a shallow furrow crosses the posterior end
of the convex body a short distance in front of the posterior margin
and subparallel to it; the alate lateral limbs are subtriangular in out-
line and slightly convex. The surface is marked by fine, irregular,
elevated lines that are subparallel to the rim on the margin and
roughly concentric on the body. An hypostoma 26 mm. in length
has a width of 28 mm. at its base, 15 mm. at the arches in the margin
or at the posterior third; convexity at center, 5 mm.
The above-described hypostoma is associated with this species,
Neolenus superbus, and a less convex hypostoma which is referred
to the latter species.
OxssERVATIONS.—This large species and the associated Neolenus
superbus appear to mark the extreme development in size of species
of Neolenus and its latest occurrence in Cambrian time. Fragments
of both species are abundant at one locality, and a few entire speci-
mens have been found. It is the largest of the Cordilleran Cam-
brian trilobites, some of the partially entire specimens indicating a
length of 160 mm., width 83 mm.
The most nearly related species is Neolenus superbus, from which
Neolenus inflatus differs in having an inflated glabella, a longer
pygidium, and in minor details of the pleurz of the thoracic seg-
ments, pygidium, and cephalon. The inflated glabella, long pygi-
dium with ten rings and spinose terminations of the thoracic pleure,
separate it from Neolenus serratus (Rominger),! the type of the
genus. The latter also has a granular surface and falcate termina-
tions to the pleurze of the thoracic segments, and the faunal horizon
of N. serratus is 1,900 to 2,125 feet below that of N. inflatus.
ForRMATION AND LocaLity.—Middle Cambrian: 1,895-2,140 feet
(605-653.8 m.) below the Upper Cambrian and about 2,000 feet
(609.6 m.) above the beds containing Zacanthoides typicalis Walcott
and Bathyuriscus howelli Walcott, the horizon which is correlated
with the horizon carrying Neolenus serratus (Rominger) in British
Columbia,? in thin-bedded limestones of the Marjum formation, in
ridge on east side of Wheeler Amphitheater, east of Antelope
Springs, House Range, Millard County, Utah, U. S. A.
* Ogygia serrata Rominger, 1887, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia, p. 13.
* This British Columbia horizon is given in detail in the Formation and
locality of Burlingia hectori.
34 SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS VOL. 53
NEOLENUS INTERMEDIUS, new species
PLATE 6, FIGURES I-7
This species, as its name implies, is an intermediate form between
N. superbus and N. inflatus. It differs from both of those species in
the absence of an occipital spine; and in having the sides of the
glabella more nearly parallel and with the glabella less expanded in
front, and somewhat more pointed or less abruptly rounded. The
pleural lobes of the thorax have a terminal spine on the pleure ex-
tending backward somewhat more abruptly than in either of the
other species.
The pygidium has five or six rings in the axial lobe and a terminal
segment. NV. inflatus has ten or eleven rings in the axial lobe and
N. superbus has eight rings; N. intermedius has the same number
of terminal spines as NV. superbus, but the spines are curved back-
ward much more than in the latter species.
As far as known, this species does not attain the size of either
N. superbus or N. inflatus. ‘The largest cephalon in the collection
has a length of 35 mm. The proportions of the head and pygidium
are about the same as NV. superbus. The hypostoma referred to this
species is proportionally broader and with a larger body propor-
tionally than that of N. inflatus or N. superbus. In other respects
it is very much like the hypostoma of N.«superbus.
DimEnsions.—A dorsal shield 74 mm. in length has the following
dimensions :
Cephalon: mm.
Isengthiner seme ice ee crc ate ee coh tae eee 26.5
Lenath-of plabellasha. S029 Sos Set oa © ee
Length ofseyenlobeta wate eeu aoe eee 4.4
Width at posterior umarein.: >. .< dv. <1. x cess MOE 44.0
Width of glabella at posterior margin. .....0¢.<:.4s.00 13.5
Woadth" of glabellavat anterior end. 4... .. 0. 20 2ackere ee 15.0
Thorax :
erig thie. mvyaneeh rite tnedls , \7') 0x gs law tat Re Ge 27.0
Width, Waskiocs Soe we ca hid occ ea ca ea 41.0
Width of axial lobe at first Segment....:..4......6-c8 ee 13.0
Width of pleural lobe at first sesment. 3, :22..5 S722 13.5
Pygidium :
Dyan eG Ghee j haat tere tele Sealers oe aa. a sarc t ees ee 20.5
Waichetaa aN. «fone sit Careers Fic sk ake vine sacs Os 35.0
Width of ax#l lobe ati-anterior ring... ...sJic. coe 10.0
Widthof axial lobe-at posterior rine. <.....4). cae aS
CAMBRIAN TRILOBITES—WALCOTT 35
The surface markings of this species are much like those of N.
superbus and N. inflatus, but very much finer. On a cranidium 11
mm. in length the surface appears smooth, except under a strong
lens.
FoRMATION AND LocaLity.—Middle Cambrian: 1,895-2,140 feet
(605-653.8 m.) below the Upper Cambrian and about 2,000 feet
(609.6 m.) above the beds containing Zacanthoides typicalis Walcott
and Bathyuriscus howell: Walcott, the horizon which is correlated
with the horizon carrying Neolenus serratus (Rominger) in British
Columbia,’ in thin-bedded limestones of the Marjum formation, in
ridge on east side of Wheeler Amphitheater, east of Antelope
Springs, House Range, Millard County, Utah, U. S. A.
NEOLENUS INTERMEDIUS PUGIO, new variety
PLATE 6, FicureEs 8, 9
This variety is founded on four specimens of a pygidium that has
four rings and a terminal segment in the axial lobe, four marginal
spines on each side and three clearly defined anchylosed pleural
segments marked by oblique pleural furrows. A specimen II mm.
in length has a width at the front of 36 mm. The axial lobe has a
width of 5 mm. at the first segment and 3 mm. at the terminal
segment.
This variety differs from N. intermedius in having four instead
of five marginal spines on each side of the pygidium, four axial
rings instead of five and a shorter terminal section to the axial lobe.
A fragment of the outer surface shows it to have been of the same
type as that of N. superbus.
ForMATION AND LocaLitry.—Middle Cambrian: 1,895—-2,140 feet
(605-053.8 m.) below the Upper Cambrian and about 2,000 feet
(609.6 m.) above the beds containing Zacanthoides typicalis
Walcott and Bathyuriscus howelli Walcott, the horizon which is
correlated with the horizon carrying Neolenus serratus (Rominger)
in British Columbia,* in thin-bedded limestones of the Marjum
formation, in ridge on east side of Wheeler Amphitheater, east of
Antelope Springs, House Range, Millard County, Utah, U. S. A.
*This British Columbia horizon is given in detail in the Formation and
locality of Burlingia hectori.
36 SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS VOL. 53
NEOLENUS SUPERBUS, new species
PLATE 4, FIGURES I-5
Dorsal shield large, longitudinally elliptical in outline, moderately
convex. Cephalon subsemicircular in outline, one-third of the
length of the dorsal shield; bordered by a strong, slightly convex
outer margin that is continued at the genal angles into strong, sharp
spines that extend backward and slightly outward to about opposite
the fourth thoracic segment; the posterior marginal border is
narrow next to the glabella, from where it gradually broadens to
the base of the genal spine; between the facial suture and the
genal spine the margin arches abruptly forward, so as to throw the
base of the genal spine in front of the line of the posterior margin;
a well defined but narrow furrow separates it from the fixed cheek.
Cranidium with a large glabella, narrow antero-lateral limbs, and
large postero-lateral limbs; fixed cheeks narrow opposite the palpe-
bral lobes; anteriorly they extend as a narrow, short section to the
front border, and posteriorly merge into the postero-lateral limb,
which is nearly as deep from the eye lobe to the posterior margin
as from the glabella to its postero-lateral angle; palpebral lobe
narrow, short, and with its outer rim extended diagonally from and
across the fixed cheek to the dorsal furrow, next to the glabella.
Glabella elongate, moderately convex; sides nearly straight, and
separated from the fixed cheeks by a narrow, strong furrow, slightly
wider where the sides touch the frontal border than at the occipital
furrow; front broadly rounded and subparallel to the anterior
margin of the cranidium; surface marked by three pairs of short,
oblique furrows that extend inward and slightly backward about
one-third the distance across the glabella; a small pit occurs in the
dorsal furrow at the antero-lateral angles, and from it a short,
obscure furrow extends directly inward for a short distance; the
elabellar furrows are not at all prominent. Occipital ring narrow at
the ends, gradually becoming stronger and more convex toward the
center, where a strong, backward arching spine has its base; occipital
furrow nearly transverse, shallow, and terminating in advance of the
furrows of the fixed cheeks. Free cheeks relatively small; the body
rises with very little convexity from within the strong outer border
to the base of the short, low eye lobe. The facial sutures cut the
posterior margin a short distance within the genal spine, curve
slightly outward across the border, and then inward with a gentle
sigmoid curve to the base of the eye lobe; arching over the latter,
they extend forward with a slight outward arching across the
border, so as to cut the front margin on a line with the center of the
eye lobe. .
CAMBRIAN TRILOBITES—WALCOTT ag
Thorax with seven segments; axial labe convex, and as wide as
the pleural lobes exclusive of the terminal spines; a strong, short,
sharp spine occurs at the center of each segment, and a narrow,
transverse, low, rounded ridge on each side next to the dorsal
furrow; the pleural lobes are slightly convex; each pleura has a
strong, diagonal furrow that originates near the front margin next
to the dorsal furrow and gradually widens toward the outer end,
where it terminates nearly at the center of the pleura and within
the base of the sharp, terminal spine ; a narrow, rounded ridge occurs
on each side of the pleural furrow that forms the margins of the
pleure ; the terminal spines have a broad base and extend obliquely
outward and slightly backward a short distance.
Pygidium large, moderately convex; anterior margin nearly
transverse and posterior outline semicircular; axial lobe convex, a
little shorter than the entire length; it is divided into seven rings
and a terminal section by seven nearly transverse, narrow furrows;
a low, narrow median ridge is indicated by the termination of the
deeper portion of each transverse furrow just outside of the median
line; five anchylosed pleural segments are outlined on the pleural
lobes on each side of the axial lobe; the furrows all terminate
within the slightly flattened, rounded border, which has five straight,
narrow spines extending out from it on each side; the anterior
segment of the pygidium is so much like the segments of the thorax
that it is difficult to distinguish it from the thorax.
Hypostoma similar to that of Neolenus inflatus, except that its
body is less convex, and small specimens show an elongate tubercle
on each side just back-of the line separating the convex body from
its posterior, less convex, and narrower portion.
Surface with variously arranged, irregular, short, very fine,
raised lines or minute ridges; on the glabella they are arranged
in a concentric manner, although very irregular and interrupted by
numerous breaks in continuity and strength; on the cheeks the lines
are somewhat coarser; on the thorax and pygidium the lines are
exceedingly fine and inconspicuous; where seen they have about the
same arrangement as those of the surface of Neolenus inflatus.
Dimenstons.—A dorsal shield 65 mm. in length has the following
dimensions :
Cephalon: mm.
LeLELETS ET tyes BEN Ae tous gy Ae Oa a nm inh Sh A a ea 23.00
Deira GterlAneiicody rik wets sod UN awe be vine Seca a eos 17.00
NENA AL COMP EVENNESS SNE. ccainte igatcue Ge adh ssf Saarerctabale vases 2.75
IPE TAS SANE SOB) IGE a eee ge na eC 38.00
Width of glabella at posterior margin................. 12.00
Widthorelahellarat-anterior end)...s-.......0.-+.4- 13.50
38 SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS VOL. 53
Thorax : mm.
Teeneth 3 oe anaes ah os Sie) 2 capac fe eae aoe ee 24.00
Wa ER ooo reia atin set ete ce eee ch an eee ee eee 30.00
Width of axiallobe at) tinst secimenter sees eee eee 10.00
Width of pleural lobe -at first segment............... 10.00
Pygidium:
Lene thy sicistartiies eat te Cee eee Se eee 18.00
WAHL oo’ tsve nc en ters tle Gime tue Searls US Aa 26.00
Width of axial lobe vat antenionmmnineseeeer eerie 9.00
Width: of axial lobe ab posterior rings > 7.....4..., same 6.50
Hypostoma :
Tyengthi< S00 bs Snes cee cate saan eee ee ee ee ees 29.00
Leneth: Of body oe. 4 .< se ceo ose ee eee 30
Fic. 1. A nearly entire dorsal shield with the occipital spine broken off.
U. S. National Museum, Catalogue No. 53383.
Fics. 2 and 2a. Hypostoma associated with this species. U. S. National
Museum, Catalogue No. 53381.
Fic. 3. Large compressed cranidium. U. S. National Museum, Cata-
logue No. 53384.
4. Small convex cranidium. U. S. National Museum, Catalogue
No. 53382.
5. Portion of a large dorsal shield with well preserved outline of
the cephalon. U.S. National Museum, Catalogue No. 53380.
The specimens represented by figures I-5 are all from thin-
bedded Middle Cambrian limestones of the Marjum forma-
tion, 2,140 feet (652.3m.) above the top of the Lower Cam-
brian, in ridge on east side of Wheeler Amphitheater, east of
Antelope Springs, House Range, Millard County, Utah.
SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS
VOL. 53, PL.
4
ssa ase
1
CAMBRIAN TRILOBITES
50 SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS VOL. 53
DESCRIPTION OF PLATE 5
Neolenus iniatws, Mews SpeCiese). a4 5m -4 asc eens chee eee tee ene 30
Fic. 1. A small nearly entire dorsal shield with the exception of the
free cheeks. U.S. National Museum, Catalogue No. 53390.
Fics. 2 and 2a. A large cranidium. U. S. National Museum, Catalogue
No. 53380.
Fic. 3. A characteristic pygidium. U.S. National Museum, Catalogue
No. 53388.
Fics. 4 and 4a. Associated hypostoma. U. S. National Museum, Cata-
logue No. 53386.
5. Enlargement of the exterior ornamentation of the surface of
the fixed cheek back of the palpebral lobe. U. S. National
Museum, Catalogue No. 53387. .
The specimen represented by figure 1 is from thin-bedded
Middle Cambrian limestones 2,300 feet (701 m.) above the
Lower Cambrian; and the specimens represented by figures
2-5 are from thin-bedded Middle Cambrian limestones 2,140
feet (652.3 m.) above the top of the Lower Cambrian, both in
the Marjum formation, in the ridge on east side of Wheeler
Amphitheater, east of Antelope Springs, Millard County,
Utah.
SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS
VOL. 53, PL. 5
CAMBRIAN TRILOBITES
\a
1
LJ
~<
‘ee
Fig pa 2 ie
Ad
28a
rd
A
ae
-
i
€-dgaf)
|
—
%
52 SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS VOL. 53
DESCRIPTION OF PLATE 6
Neolenus intermedius, new Species... ..0.2 esa -tieee-ia-ee tee
Fic. 1. Cranidium and thorax; natural size. U. S. National Museum,
NI
Catalogue No. 53397.
. Cranidium; natural size. U. §S. National Museum, Catalogue
No. 53394.
. A pygidium with five marginal spines. Compare this pygidium
with that of Neolenus superbus on pl. 4, fig. 1. U. S$. Na-
tional Museum, Catalogue No. 53308.
. A pygidium with six marginal spines that is doubtfully referred
to this species. U. S. National Museum, Catalogue No. 53392.
. A small convex cranidium doubtfully referred to this species.
U. S. National Museum, Catalogue No. 53395.
. A small cranidium with a strong occipital node. U. S$. National
Museum, Catalogue No. 53396.
. Hypostoma associated with this species. U. S. National Mu-
seum, Catalogue No. 53393.
The specimen represented by figure 6 is from thin-bedded
Middle Cambrian limestones 2,075 feet (632.5m.) above the
Lower Cambrian; that represented by figure 5 is from thin-
bedded Middle Cambrian limestones 2,140 feet (652.3 m.)
above the Lower Cambrian; and those represented by figures
1-4, and 7 are from thin-bedded Middle Cambrian limestones
2,300 feet (7o1m.) above the Lower Cambrian; all in the
Marjum formation, in ridge on east side of Wheeler Amphi-
theater, east of Antelope Springs, House Range, Millard
County, Utah.
Neolenus intermedius pugio, new variety......0.0 0.65.08. + ues on see
Fic. 8. Fragment of a large dorsal shield with missing parts restored in
outline. U. S. National Museum, Catalogue No. 53400.
9g. A broken pygidium. U. §S. National Museum, Catalogue No.
53401.
The specimens represented by figures 8 and 9 are from thin-
bedded Middle Cambrian limestones of the Marjum forma-
tion, 2,300 feet (7o1 m.) above the Lower Cambrian, in ridge
on east side of Wheeler Amphitheater, east of Antelope
Springs, House Range, Millard County, Utah.
35
SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS VOL. 53 PL. 6
CAMBRIAN TRILOBITES
~
oe
¥
ia ‘
ee ee eee |
; ee
r 4
AS PY “or ose: /
Ps
;
CORRECTIONS TO BE INSERTED IN SMITHSONIAN MIS-
CELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS, VOLUME LIIL.
Notrt.—This slip is so arranged that it may be torn apart and pasted in
papers Nos, 1, 2, and 3.
CAMBRIAN GEOLOGY AND PALEONTOLOGY. WALCOTT.
No. 1.—NoMENCLATURE OF SOME CAMBRIAN CORDILLERAN TORMATIONS.
Page 2. The Mount Whyte formation which is placed in the Middle Cambrian
on page 2 should be in the Lower Cambrian as indicated on page 4.
CAMBRIAN GEOLOGY AND PALEONTOLOGY. WALCOTT.
No. 2.—CAMBRIAN TRILOBITES.
Page 22. 17th line, strike out “Wolsey.”
“22. 18th line, (2.5 km.) should read (6.44 km.)
“26. 4th and 5th lines,
30. 9th and toth lines, (9.37 km.) and (3.12km.) should read (24.14
42. 43d and 44th lines, km.) and (8.05 km.), respectively,
“46. 29th and 30th lines,
33. 33d line,
35. Oth line,
“35. 28th line,
“38. 4ist line,
Fag, 27th line,
44. 27th line,
(605-653.8 m.) should read (577.6-652.3 m.)
(0.62 km.) should read (1.61 km.)
CAMBRIAN GEOLOGY AND PALEONTOLOGY. WALCOTT.
No. 3.—CAMBRIAN BrACHIOPODA: DESCRIPTIONS OF NEW GENERA AND SPECIES.
Page 57. 32d line, “base of the Wolsey shale” should read “top of the
quartzitic sandstones.”
“ tor. 18th line, strike out “Wolsey.” The shale mentioned on these pages
is not the equivalent of the Wolsey shale.
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Be La Re eat mF SSN me I i SS AY So ae aad ated tll wah eat nh wy SE os
SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS
PART OF VOLUME LIII
CAMBRIAN
Peel OGyY AND PALEONTOLOGY
No. 3.—CAMBRIAN BRACHIOPODA:
DesekiPTiONs OF NEW GENERA AND SPECIES
WITH FOUR PLATES
BY
CHARLES D. WALCOTT
ING
No. 1810
CITY OF WASHINGTON
PUBLISHED BY THE SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION
OCTOBER I, 1908
, “wy va nd 7 ‘
by 5} DO ¥ | , ) 4
, Va baer
CAMBRIAN GEOLOGY AND PALEONTOLOGY
No. 3—CAMBRIAN BRACHIOPODA: DESCRIPTIONS OF
NEW GENERA AND SPECIES
By CHARLES D. WALCOTT
(With Four PLATEs)
This is the eighth paper resulting from the preliminary studies for
s § y
Monograph 51 of the U. S. Geological Survey. I expect to use many
5 5 » >,
new generic and specific names in lists of fossils occurring in geo-
logic sections and in a forthcoming paper on the classification of the
fo) 5
Brachiopoda, and think it is best to describe the fossils before using
their names elsewhere.
The paper on the classification will be the last of the preliminary
papers, as the monograph is now in the editor’s hands and should
appear in 1909.
The previous papers in this series are:
I. Note on the genus Lingulepis. American Jour. Sci., 4th ser., III, 1897,
Pp. 404-405.
Il. Cambrian Brachiopoda: Genera [phidia and Yorkia, with descriptions
of new species of each, and of the genus Acrothele. Proc. U. §. Na-
tional Museum, XIX, 1807, pp. 707-718.
IiI. Note on the brachiopod fauna of the quartzitic pebbles of the Car-
boniferous conglomerates of the Narragansett Basin, Rhode Island.
American Jour. Sci., 4th ser., VI, 1808, pp. 327-328.
IV. Cambrian Brachiopoda: Obolus and Lingulella, with descriptions of
new species. Proc. U. S. National Museum, XXI, 1898, pp. 385-420.
V. Cambrian Brachiopcda: Obolella, subgenus Glyptias; Bicia; Obolus,
subgenus estonia; with descriptions of new species. Proc. U. S.
National Museum, XXIII, 1901, pp. 669-695.
VI. Cambrian Brachiopoda: Acrotreta; Linnarssonella; Obolus; with de-
scriptions of new species. Proc, U. S. National Museum, XXV, 1902,
pp. 577-612.
VII. Cambrian Brachiopoda, with descriptions of new genera and species.
Proc. U. S. National Museum, XXVIII, 1905, pp. 227-337.
There are also a number of Cambrian brachiopoda described in
two papers on the Cambrian faunas of China:
Cambrian Faunas of China. Proc. U. S. National Museum, XXIX, 1005,
pp. 1-106.
Cambrian Faunas of China. Proc. U. S. National Museum, XXX, 1906,
Pp. 563-505.
53
54 SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS — VOL. 53
Genus MICKWITZIA Schmidt [1888, p. 24]
MICKWITZIA OCCIDENS, new.species
PLATE 7, FIGURE I
There are only crushed and broken specimens of this shell. One
of these shows that the apex of the ventral valve was a little above
the posterior margin of the shell, very much as in Mickwitsia pre-
tiosa. ‘The outline of the valves appears to have been ovate to sub-
circular, with the ventral valve moderately convex. The shell is
phosphatic or chitinous and built up of three principal layers. The
outer layer is thin and thickly set with minute pustules or granules
that give the surface a roughened appearance. When the outer layer
is exfoliated, which is usually the case, the middle layer presents a
smooth, shining surface that is marked by a few concentric striz
and numerous fine radiating striz, between which many very minute
puncte occur. The inner layer shows minute, irregular, serpentine,
rounded ridges, perforated by vertical canals or puncte. An inte-
.tior of a ventral valve shows the lines of adyance of the antero-
lateral muscle scars. The largest shell indicated on the surface of
the siliceous shale has a length and width of 12 mm.
This species and the generic reference is based on the character
of the apex of the ventral valve and the structure and character of
the shell.
ForMATION AND LocaLity.—Lower Cambrian: (1) Near the base
of the section, about 5,500 feet (1,676.4 m.) below the top of the
Lower Cambrian, in shaly indurated sandstones, one mile (1.61 km.)
east of the Saline Valley road, and 2 to 3 miles (3.22 to 4.83 km.)
east-northeast of Waucoba Springs, Inyo County, California. (2)
Sandstones on small hull in the salt fat one mile (1.61 km.) northeast
of Silver Peak Mill, Silver Peak quadrangle (U.S. G.S.), Esmeralda
County, Nevada.*
MICKWITZIA PRETIOSA, new species
PLATE 7, FIGURE 2
This species is founded on a single specimen of a ventral valve.
It has a length of 7 mm.; width, 6.5 mm. Outline subcircular,
slightly convex; apex curved over toward the posterior margin and
projecting beyond it. False area short and obscure. Surface
marked by radiating, raised lines, that at the front margin show six
* Where there is more than one locality, the one from which the type speci-
mens come is italicised.
CAMBRIAN BRACHIOPODA—WALCOTT 55
in a distance of two millimeters. Fine papille are thickly scattered
over the surface. ‘They have a tendency to follow concentric lines
of growth on some portions of the shell, and on others they appear
on low, narrow, serpentine ridges, as in Mickwitzia monilifera (Lin-
narsson) [1869, p. 344]. A few large puncte are scattered here
and there over the surface. Inner surfaces and layers of shell
unknown.
This beautiful shell differs in the details of its surface from M.
monilifera; it is also less convex and the apex is nearer the posterior
margin.
ForMATION AND LocaLity.—Lower Cambrian: Eophyton sand-
stone, at Lugnas, Vestergotland, Sweden.
Genus MICROMITRA Meek [1873, p. 479].
MICROMITRA HAYDENI, new species
PLATE 7, FIGURES 3 AND 3a
Ventral valve subconical, with a minute beak arching slightly over
a strong, arched pseudodeltidium, which is about one-half as long as
the height of the valve. Cardinal slope rounded; a slight angle is
indicated by a line where the concentric surface striz bend inward
toward the pseudodeltidium across the narrow area; a sharp angle
is formed where the convex pseudodeltidium rises abruptly from the
area.
Dorsal valve moderately convex, most elevated at the small umbo
just in advance of the marginal, minute beak; area very low and
narrow and without trace of pseudodeltidium as far as now known.
Surface marked by fine, concentric, slightly undulating, thread-
like striz and a varying number of irregular, more or less inter-
rupted, narrow, depressed, rounded, radiating. ridges; these ridges
are usually most numerous at the central portions of the valves.
The concentric striae extend across the narrow area and arch over
the pseudodeltidium, where they are finer and crowded together, so
that all the striz between the apex and the front margin are com-
pressed in about one-half the distance on the pseudodeltidium. The
adult ventral valve is about 4.5 mm. in length by 5 mm. in width and
2.5 mm. in height, with a pseudodeltidium 1.3 mm. in length. A
dorsal valve 2 mm. in length has a height of about 0.5 mm. at the
umbo. ‘The shell is rather thick for a species of this size and it is
built up of several thin layers or lamelle.
OBSERVATIONS.—Micromitra haydeni differs from the nearest re-
lated species, WM. sculptilis (Meek) [1873, p. 479], in having a strong,
56 SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS VOL. 53
convex pseudodeltidium, less elevation of the ventral valve, and a
thicker shell. WM. haydeni occurs near the base of the Middle Cam-
brian and M. sculptilis about 2,000 feet (609.6 m.) higher in the
section of the Cambrian rocks of Utah and southern Idaho.
The specific name is given in honor of Dr. F. V. Hayden, geologist
and explorer, under whose charge the geology of this region was
first studied.
ForMATION AND Locarity.—Middle Cambrian: Limestone of the
Langston formation, just above the Cambrian quartzitic sandstone
beds, north side of Two Mile Canyon, near its mouth, 2 miles (3.22
km.) southeast of Malad, Oneida County, Idaho.
MICROMITRA SCULPTILIS ENDLICHI, new variety
This form is represented by a single specimen of a ventral valve.
The surface is similar to that of Micromitra sculptilis (Meek)
[1873, p. 479], but the valve is more elongate, less elevated, and
larger (5 mm. in diameter) than the specimens of the latter from
the type locality.
ForRMATION AND LocaLity.—Upper Cambrian: Limestone 2 miles
(3.22 km.) north of Aurum, Schell Creek Range, White Pine
County, Nevada.
Subgenus IPHIDELLA Walcott [1905a, p. 304]
MICROMITRA (IPHIDELLA) LOUISE, new species
PLATE 7, FIGURES 4 AND 4a
In form this species is not unlike Micromitra pealet (Walcott)
[1897), p. 712] and the more elongate forms of M. ([phidella) pan-
nula maladensis (Walcott) [1go5a, p. 306]. It differs from both
species mentioned in its surface characters. In the latter respect it
is more like M. (J.) nyssa (see p. 57), but the form of M. (J.) louise
is more elongate and the apex of the ventral valve is nearer to the
posterior margin; the shell also appears to have been thicker. The
surface characters are exceedingly minute. Under a glass magni-
fying twenty diameters, the surface looks much like that of W. (/.)
pannula (White) [1874, p. 6]. The largest ventral valve in the
collection has a length of 7.5 mm. and a width of 7 mm.; elevation,
I mm.
Micromitra (Iphidella) lowise is the oldest brachiopod known
from the Cambrian of the Canadian Rocky Mountains. In the Lakes
Louise and Agnes section it is 3,1Cco feet (944.9 m.) below the sum-
mit of the Lower Cambrian and 2,750 feet (838.2 m.) below the
CAMBRIAN BRACHIOPODA—WALCOTYT By.
horizon which, on the basis of the associated faunas, is correlated
with that at which MW. (J.) nyssa occurs in Montana. It occurs in a
fine, hard, dark gray, siliceous shale in association with Hyolithes,
Cruziana, and a fragment indicating the free cheek of a trilobite.
ForMATION AND Locarity.—Lower Cambrian: Siliceous shale of
the Lake Louise formation [ Walcott, 1908a, p. 5], 3,100 feet
(944.9 m.) below the summit of the Lower Cambrian, in cliff rising
from the southwest shore of Lake Louise, south of Laggan, on the
Canadian Pacific Railway, Alberta, Canada.
MICROMITRA (IPHIDELLA) NYSSA, new species
PLATE 7, FIGURE 5
Ventral valve subcircular in outline, with the posterior margin
almost transverse; form depressed conical, with a minute beak in-
curving over the pseudodeltidium. The cardinal slope is compressed
in all the specimens, but it indicates that there was an imperfectly
defined narrow area. Pseudodeltidium, as far as can be determined,
broad and short, with its lower margin broadly arched. Dorsal valve
slightly convex, beak marginal. No traces of a false area or pseudo-
deltidium have been observed. ;
Surface marked by concentric strie and lines of growth that are
crossed obliquely by two sets of fine elevated lines. The crossing of
the latter lines forms minute, shallow, rhomboidal pits, which give to
the surface the appearance of a fine network. On the ventral valve
the striz cross the pseudodeltidium. Shell substance corneous.
OBsERVATIONS.—This is one of the largest shells of this genus.
The ventral valve has a length of 11 mm. and a width of 13 mm.
In form it resembles Micromitra (Paterina) labradorica ( Billings)
[1861b, p. 6], and in surface characters, MW. ([phidella) ornatella
(Linnarsson) [1876, p. 25] and some varieties of M. (J.) pannula
(White) [1874, p. 6].
ForMATION AND LocaLity.—Middle Cambrian: About 200 feet -
_ (61 m.) above the base of the Wolsey shale, on ridge between Gor-
don and Young creeks, about half way between Gordon Mountain
summit and Cardinal Peak, Ovando quadrangle (U. S. G. S.),
Powell County, Montana.
58 SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS VOL. 53
Subgenus PATERINA Beecher [1801, p. 345]
MICROMITRA (PATERINA) STUARTI, new species
PLATE 7, FicurEs 8 AND 8a
Ventral valve subconical, with a minute beak arching slightly over
a short pseudodeltidium. Cardinal slope with a rounded angle that
extends from the beak to the postero-lateral margin and defines a
very narrow, flattened area on each side of a high, triangular fissure
that is covered for a short distance at the top by a very short, arched
pseudodeltidium.
Dorsal valve rather strongly convex for a species of this genus;
the highest part is at about the center of the shell, from where the
slope is very slight to the beak and rather rapid to the front margin.
Beak marginal above a low, broad arching of the posterior margin of
the shell; area shown only by a very narrow margin where the shell
bends toward the median line; no trace of a pseudodeltidium has
been observed.
Surface marked by narrow, rounded, concentric thread-like striz
or ridges with short striz between them. Shell substance corneous.
The average size of adult shells is 8 mm. long by about the same
width.
OBSERVATIONS.—This is one of the larger species of the genus; it
occurs quite abundantly in a compact, bluish-gray limestone in the
lower portion of the Middle Cambrian terrane. Micromitra
(Paterina) superba (Walcott) [1897), p. 711] occurs 16 feet (4.8 m.)
below and M. (Iphidella) pannula (White) [1874, p. 6] 70 feet
(21.3 m.) below in the same section.
This fine shell has a short pseudodeltidium much like that of MW.
(P.) logani (Walcott) [1897, p. 711], but it differs in form and
greater size; the same is true of M. (P.) crenistria (Walcott)
[1897, p. 713]. It may be closely related to M. (P.) labradorica
‘ utahensis (Walcott) [1905, p. 306], but the specimens of the latter
are too imperfect for close comparison of form.
The specific name is given for my son Benjamin Stuart, who
assisted me in collecting the specimens during the summer of 1906.
FoRMATION AND Locatitty.—Middle Cambrian: Limestones of
the Ute formation [ Walcott, 1908a, p. 7], 185 feet (56.4 m.) above
the Cambrian quartzitic sandstone beds, in Blacksmith Fork Canyon,
about 8 miles (12.87 km.) above its mouth and 15 miles (24.14 km.)
east of Hyrum, Cache County, Utah.
CAMBRIAN BRACHIOPODA—WALCOTT 59
MICROMITRA (PATERINA) WAPTA, new species
PLATE 7, FicurE 6
Shell large and thick for a species of this genus. Ventral valve
depressed conical, with the apex above a narrow false area that is
outlined by the abrupt curvature of the shell. As the shells usually
occur compressed in the siliceous shale, the false area is concealed
and the posterior slopes from the apex form a blunt angle at the
apex. Dorsal valve transverse, moderately convex, with the pos-
terior margin nearly straight and a little shorter than the greatest
width of the valve; beak small, marginal; cardinal slope and false
area unknown.
Surface marked by concentric, slightly irregular, rounded lines
and ridges of growth that are grouped in bands of varying width; a
few radiating striz or lines occur on the central portions of one
ventral valve; with a lens magnifying 20 diameters, an occasional
roughness can be seen in reflected light on the surface of some of
the concentric ridges.
OBSERVATIONS.—This is one of the largest species of the genus.
One ventral valve has a length and breadth of 14 mm. and several
are 9 to I1 mm. in diameter. It compares in size with Micromitra
(Iphidella) nyssa (see p. 57), from the same geological horizon in
Montana, but the latter has a reticulate exterior surface of the M.
(1.) pannula (White) [1874, p. 6] type. It was at first thought that
this species might be the old shells of Acrothele collei, new species,
but a careful comparison with the younger stages of growth of V.(P.)
_wapta shows that the latter has only indefinite traces of the highly
ornate surface of Acrothele colleni, and that the apex of the ventral
valve of M. (P.) wapta is imperforate and over the posterior margin
and not on the general surface of the valve in advance of the margin,
as in Acrothele colleni. ‘The two species were found associated on
Mount Bosworth. M. (P.) wapta is of the same type as W. (P.)
labradorica (Billings) [1861b, p. 6], M. (P.) prospectensis (Wal-
cott) [1884, p. 19], and M. (P.) stissingensis (Dwight) [18809,
p. 145]. It differs from all in having more irregular, less definite
threadlike concentric lines, and in the manner in which the striz are
assembled in ridges.
FoRMATION AND LocaLity.—Lower Cambrian: Drift block of
siliceous shale supposed to have come from the Mt. Whyte forma-
tion [Walcott, 1908a, p. 4], south slope of Mount Bosworth, on the
Continental Divide, one mile (1.61 km.) west of Stephen, on the
Canadian Pacific Railway, British Columbia, Canada.
60 SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS VOL. 53
MICROMITRA (PATERINA) WILLIARDI, new species
PLATE 7, FIGURE 7
Iphidella major Watcort (in part), 1905, Proc. U. S. National Museum,
XXVIII, p. 304. (Specimens now referred to M. (P.) williardi were
included with the specimens representing M. (P.) major when this
description was written.)
Ventral valve subconical, with the apex over the posterior third
of the subcircular margin of the valve; false area narrow, but
clearly defined by a rather sharp angle on the cardinal slopes that
breaks the curvature of the shell a short distance from the margin
of the pseudodeltidium; pseudodeltidium broad, convex, with its
1iower margin broadly arched, so as to leave a space between it and
the general plane of the margin of the shell. Some specimens of
the pseudodeltidium are uniformly rounded, in others there is a
narrow groove extending from the apex to the base, and on some a
very narrow faint ridge is indicated.
Dorsal valve slightly convex, transverse, and slightly rounded at
the cardinal margin. No-traces of a false area or pseudodeltidium
have been observed.
The cast of the interior of the apex of the ventral valve shows a
small apical callosity with two radiating grooves extending upward
toward the front lateral margin of the shell.
Surface marked by very fine, strong, concentric, elevated strie.
A specimen 10 mm. in diameter shows seven of these elevated strize in
a distance of I mm.; the elevated strize are crossed by very fine trans-
verse striz ; the elevated strize cross the false area parallel to its base
and arch over the pseudodeltidium.
A ventral valve 10.5 mm. in diameter has a height of 2.5 mm.
OBSERVATIONS.—This species is closely related to Micromitra
(Paterina) superba (Walcott) [1897), p. 711]. It differs in having
a longer pseudodeltidium, more finely elevated strize on the surface,
and a more sharply elevated apex to the ventral valve. It is the
Lower Cambrian representative of M. (P.) superba.
The associated fossils are Obolus smithi (see p. 62), Wimanella
shelbyensis (see p. 100), Micromitra (Paterina) major (Walcott)
[1905a, p. 304], and numerous fragments of two or three species of
Olenellus.
ForMATION AND Locartity.—Lower Cambrian: Montevallo argil-
laceous shale (1) 4 miles (6.44 km.) south of Helena; and (2) .25
mile (.40 km.) northeast of Helena; both in Shelby County, Ala-
bama.
CAMBRIAN BRACHIOPODA—WALCOTT 61
Genus OBOLUS Eichwald [1829, p. 274]
OBOLUS MEMBRANACEOUS, new species
PLATE 7, FIGURE II
In size and outline this species is somewhat similar to Obolus
feistmanteli (Barrande) [1879, pl. 106, figs. Iv: I-14; pl. 110, figs.
vil: 1-4], but in its very thin, almost membranaceous shell it differs
from that species and all other species of the genus known to me.
Seven specimens were collected from a shaly, compact limestone, all
as casts. Remnants of the corneous shell are preserved which show
it to have been very thin, and the interior casts show that it did not
retain any impressions of the animal sufficiently strong to be im-
pressed on the cast. A short, rather narrow cardinal area occurs
on both the ventral and dorsal valves. Outer surface smooth, with
a few lines of growth. The largest ventral valve has a length of
17 mm., with a width of 22 mm. A less distorted dorsal valve has
the same length and width, 15 mm.
FORMATION AND LocaLity.—Middle Cambrian: 4,250 feet (1295.4
m.) above the top of the Lower Cambrian and 860 feet (262.1 m.)
below the Upper Cambrian, in shales of the Eldon formation [Wal-
cott, 1908a, p. 3], at the north end of the amphitheater northwest of
Mount Bosworth, on the Continental Divide, north of the Canadian
Pacific Railway, British Columbia, Canada.
OBOLUS PARVUS, new species
PLATE 7, FIGURES 10 AND 10a
Shell small, rarely over 2.5 mm. in diameter, moderately convex,
nearly semicircular in outline. Ventral valve a little longer than
wide and with the umbo curving gently to the minute marginal beak.
Dorsal valve a little wider than long and with apex marginal. Sur-
face marked by minute concentric strize of growth and an exceed-
ingly fine network of irregular lines, that, with a lens magnifying 20
diameters, gives it the appearance of the surface of Lingulella
(Lingulepis) longinervis (Matthew) [1903, p. 133]. Nothing is
known of the interior of the valves.
OBSERVATIONS.—This small shell occurs in great abundance with
Micromitra (Paterina) wapta (see p. 59), Wimanella simplex (see
p. 101), Albertella helena Walcott [ 1908), p. 19], and other fossils of
the fauna of the upper portion of the Lower Cambrian terrane in
the Canadian Rocky Mountains. In form it resembles Obolus mini-
62 SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS VOL. 53
mus Walcott [1905a, p. 325] from China, but it differs in having a
less elongate ventral valve and in its peculiar surface.
ForRMATION AND LocaLity.—Lower Cambrian: (1) 1,250 feet
(381 m.) above Lake Agnes, in the shales of the Mt. Whyte forma-
tion [Walcott, 1908a, p. 4], on the north slope of Mt. Whyte, about
4 miles (6.44 km.) south of Laggan, on the Canadian Pacific Rail-
way, Alberta; and (2) drift block of shale supposed to have come
from the Mt. Whyte formation, on the south slope of Mount Bos-
worth, on the Continental Divide, one mile (1.61 km.) west of
Stephen, on the Canadian Pacific Railway, British Columbia, Canada.
OBOLUS SMITHI, new species
PLATE 7, FIGURES 9 AND 9a
General form broadly ovate, with the ventral valve obtusely acu-
minate and the dorsal valve subcircular, slightly transverse; con-
vexity apparently moderate, judging from the specimens as they
occur slightly flattened out in the calcareous shales. The shell was
relatively strong and formed of a number of thin layers or lamellz
that, toward the outer edge of the valve, were more numerous and
gave a scaly appearance to the margins of the old shells.
Surface marked by concentric lines of growth and numerous very
fine, slightly irregular, undulating, concentric ridges upon which
numerous very minute papilla occur, giving the surface, under a
strong magnifying power, the appearance of being minutely granular.
A ventral valve 6 mm. in length has a width of 6.75 mm. A
slightly larger dorsal valve 7.5 mm. in length has a width of 8 mm.
As shown in the cast, the area of the ventral valve is very short
and divided by a relatively strongly marked, narrow pedicle furrow,
the edges of which were elevated slightly above the general plane
of the area. The cast of the interior shows that the visceral area
was continued by a slight, narrow median ridge; the main vascular
sinuses extended rather directly forward from the umbo nearly to
the front of the shell, separating very gradually and bounding the
interior third of the valve. Nothing has been observed of the
muscle scars.
The cast of the dorsal valve shows that it had a very short area
that extended well out on the cardinal slopes; that a low central
ridge extended a little more than half the length of the shell and
was continued by a slight, narrow median ridge; the main vascular
sinuses extend directly and obliquely forward well toward the front
of the shell in about the same relative position as in the ventral
-
CAMBRIAN BRACHIOPODA—-WALCOTT 03
valve; the position of the transmedian and anterior-lateral muscle
scars is indicated about half way between the main vascular sinuses
and the postero-lateral margin of the valve.
OBSERVATIONS.—This species is characterized by its finely granular
surface, short cardinal area, and relatively thick shell. It has the
general form of Obolus lamborni (Meek) [1871, p. 185] and Obolus
willisi (Waleott) [1898), p. 418]. It differs from both of these
species in having a granulated surface and shorter cardinal area. It
is a Lower Cambrian form, but appears to be represented in the
Middle Cambrian by Obolus willisi and in the Upper Cambrian by
Obolus lamborni. ‘The associated fossils are Wimanella shelbyensis
(see p. 100), Micromitra (Paterina) major (Walcott) [1905, p.
304], Micromitra (Paterina) williardi (see p. 60), and numerous
fragments of two or three species of Olenellus.
The specific name is given in honor of Prof. E. A. Smith, State
Geologist of Alabama.
FoRMATION AND LocaLity.—Lower Cambrian: Montevallo shale
(1) 4 miles (6.44 km.) south of Helena; and (2) along road just
north of Buck Creek, .125 mile (.20 km.) northeast of Helena; both
in Shelby County, Alabama.
OBOLUS TETONENSIS LEDA, new variety
This is the Upper Cambrian representative of Obolus tetonensis
Walcott [1901, p. 684] of the Middle Cambrian of the Teton Moun-
tains. Stratigraphically it occurs over 2,000 feet (609.6 m.) higher
in the Cambrian section of the House Range, and the localities are
400 miles (644 km.) apart. The variety Jeda differs from the species
in having more numerous, fine, thread-like striz and in the fact that
the ventral valve is usually more obtuse in old shells.
FORMATION AND LocaLity.—Upper Cambrian: 1,945 to 1,975 feet
(592.8 to 601.9 m.) above the Middle Cambrian and 1,340 to 1,370
feet (408.4 to 417.6 m.) below the top of the Upper Cambrian, in the
siliceous limestones of the Notch Peak formation [ Walcott, 1908a,
p. 9], on the slopes of Notch Peak, 5 miles (8.05 km.) southwest of
Marjum Pass, House Range, Millard County, Utah.
OBOLUS WORTHENI, new species
PLATE 7, FIGURE 17
General form subcircular, with the ventral valve very obtusely acu-
minate and the dorsal valve slightly transverse, both valves slightly
convex ; ventral valve with the beak at the posterior margin, which
rises slightly from the general plane of the margin of the valve; the
minute beak of the dorsal valve is at the posterior margin.
64 SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS VOL. 53
Surface marked by sharp, fine, concentric striz and fine imbri-
cating lines of growth; on some shells low, irregular, more or less
obscure and interrupted radiating ridges occur. Shell of medium
thickness and built up of several layers or lamelle. The average
diameter of the valves is 3 mm.
The interior of the ventral valve shows a short, flat area divided
midway by a narrow pedicle furrow; the visceral area, which is
about one-third the length of the valve, is shown only in outline; the
main vascular sinuses are strong and ‘situated about midway between
the median line and the lateral margins of the valve; the surface
outside the visceral area in both valves is marked by fine concentric
furrows and large scattered puncte, much like those of Obolus
(Westonia) escasoni (Matthew) [1901, p. 270]. The interior of
the dorsal valve has a short area with a broad pedicle groove; strong,
curved main vascular sinuses extend from beneath the area well
toward the front of the valve; they are subparallel to the margin
and are situated about one-third the distance from the margin to the
median line of the valve; the visceral area is outlined in about one-
half the length of the valve; a narrow deep sinus extends from each
side of the anterior end and then curves outward to the front margin.
OBSERVATIONS.—This shell was at first thought to be the young
of Obolus tetonensis Walcott | 1g01, p. 684], but with the finding of
a good series it was found to have a nearly circular ventral valve
instead of subacuminate, as in O. tetonensis, and it is less convex in
the same character of matrix. In form Obolus wortheni resembles
Obolus discoideus (Hall and Whitfield) [1877, p. 205], but it differs
in being more circular in outline and in having a thinner shell.
FoRMATION AND LocaLrty.—Upper Cambrian: Limestone of the
St. Charles formation [ Walcott, 1908a, p. 6] about 250 feet (76.2 m.)}
above the Middle Cambrian, on the north side of Two Mile Canyon,
near its mouth, 2 miles (3.22 km.) southeast of Malad, Oneida
County, Idaho.
FORDINIA, new subgenus of OBOLUS
This subgenus of Obolus is proposed for species having a Lingu-
lella-like outline and form with the development of a tendency to
form a platform or thickening in the valves in connection with the
attachment of the muscles in the ventral valve, and a thickening in
the posterior portion of the dorsal valve back of the central muscle
scars. The type of the subgenus, O. (F.) perfectus (see p. 65), has
these characters well developed. Another species, O. (F.) bellu-
lus (Walcott) [1905a, p. 323], has the cardinal area of the ventral
‘
valve more united with the visceral area than it is in O. (F.) per-
CAMBRIAN BRACHIOPODA—WALCOTT 65
fectus and the raised area in the dorsal valve is much smaller. In
O. (F.) gilberti (see below) the thickened areas are much smaller
than in the other two species. These three species appear to be
forms intermediate between Obolus and Elkania.
Typr.—Obolus (Fordinia) perfectus, new species.
OBOLUS (FORDINIA) GILBERTI, new species
PLATE 7, FIGURES I5 AND 15a
This shell was first thought to belong with Dicellomus politus
(Hall) [1861, p. 24]. It differs from that species in the character
of the interior of the dorsal valve and in the narrowing of the umbo
as it merges into the apex. The nearest related species is Obolus
(Fordinia) bellulus (Walcott) [1905a, p. 323]. It differs from the
latter in being more convex and in the narrowing of the umbo toward
the apex.
The average size of the ventral valve is from 4 mm. to 5 mm. in
length by 3 mm to 4 mm. in width. The dorsal valve is a little
shorter than the ventral.
The generic reference is based on the interior of the dorsal valve,
which is similar to that of O. (F.) bellulus.
FoRMATION AND LocaLity.—Middle Cambrian: About 3,000 fect
(914.4 m.) above the top of the Lower Cambrian and 1,400 feet
(526.7 m.) below the Upper Cambrian, in gray, more or less thin-
bedded limestones of the Marjum formation [ Walcott, 1908a, p. 10],
south side of Marjum Pass, in cliff southeast of divide, House
Range, Millard County, Utah.
OBOLUS (FORDINIA) PERFECTUS, new species
PLATE 7, FIGURE 16
General form elongate oval-biconvex; beaks marginal. Surface
marked by concentric lines and striz of growth that gather irregu-
larly in small ridges on the anterior two-thirds of adult shells; very
fine, obscure, radiating lines are preserved on some specimens of the
outer surface. A shallow, narrow, median sinus occurs on each
valve on which the striz arch slightly backward. Substance of shell
apparently calcareo-corneous. The shell is strong and built up of
numerous layers or lamellz that, except toward the beaks, are oblique
to the outer layer.
Ventral valve broad ovate, with a rather blunt subacuminate beak ;
very young shells are broad oval in outline. Area short, and on the
66 SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS VOL. 53
plane of the edges of the valve; it is divided midway by a narrow
pedicle furrow that interrupts the transverse striz of growth.
Dorsal valve a little shorter and more rounded at the beak; area
short and marked by transverse strize of growth; both valves mod-
erately convex.
The interior of the ventral valve shows what appears to be a short
continuation of the cardinal area forward into the valve before the
slope into. the visceral cavity; it is as though an area with lines of
growth was added to the reversed area of the ventral valve of
Elkania desiderata (Billings) [1862, p. 69]. The front margin of
the area merges in Obolus (Fordinia) perfectus into the thicker shell
back of the visceral cavity, much as in Obolus (F.) bellulus (Wal-
cott) [1905a, p. 323]. The pedicle furrow extends forward from the
posterior margin across the true area and its anterior extension to
the visceral cavity. The visceral area is bordered by two ridges
that diverge from the sides of the pedicle furrow and extend forward
about one-third the length of the valve; these ridges widen toward
the front, and where they terminate there appear to be two or three
minute muscle scars corresponding to the outside and middle laterals
and central scars of Obolus; outside of the ridge there is a furrow
that was probably occupied by the main vascular canal, and, beyond,
two narrow elongate spaces in which the transmedian and anterior
lateral muscle scars appear to be situated; all the furrows head
back against the thickened shell in front of the cardinal area; the
surface of the interior of the valve is marked by concentric lines and
very fine radiating striz.
The dorsal valve has a short, strong median ridge in front of the
cardinal area, and well toward the center of the valve a narrow,
sharp median ridge; on each side of the latter, where it begins pos-
teriorly, the small, oval, central muscle scar occurs, and, at its an-
terior end, the two elongate, oval anterior-lateral scars that are
larger than the centrals; on the thickened postero-lateral portions of
the valve the transmedian and outside and middle lateral muscle
scars occur close to the outer margin. ‘The surface of the visceral
cavity is smooth, but in front of it the minute, irregular vascular
markings are very ornate; a few radiating strie also occur.
The two interiors described are unusually distinct; usually the
various parts and scars are more or less obscure.
OBSERVATIONS.—This species approaches Obolus (Fordinia) gil-
berti (see p. 65) more nearly than any other species of the genus.
It differs in the presence of the sinus in both valves; ‘in being less
convex ; in its less pointed beak, and in its strongly marked interior.
CAMBRIAN BRACHIOPODA—WALCOTT 67
It occurs over 1,000 feet (304.8 m.) higher up in the section of the
Middle Cambrian limestones than O. (F.) gilberti. The interior of
its ventral valve is somewhat like that of O. (F.) bellulus (Walcott)
[1905, p. 323], but it differs from that and all species of Fordinia
in having in both valves a cardinal area that has not been merged into
the reversed area of the ventral valve as in the other species referred
to Fordinia.
FoRMATION AND LocaLitry.—Middle Cambrian: About 3,750 feet
(1,143 m.) above the top of the Lower Cambrian and 650 feet
(198.1 m.) below the Upper Cambrian, in the shaly limestones of
the Weeks formation [ Walcott, 1908a, p. 10], north side of Weeks
Canyon, 3.5 miles (5.63 km.) south of Marjum Pass, House Range,
Millard County, Utah.
Subgenus WESTONIA Walcott [1901, p. 683]
OBOLUS (WESTONIA) DARTONI, new species
PLATE 7, FIGURE 14
This species has the general form and convexity of Obolus (Wes-
tonia) euglyphus (Walcott) [1898), p. 402], but it differs in the
dorsal valve being narrower posteriorly. The surface of the two
species differs very much, that of O. (W.) dartoni being of the O.
(Westonia) ella (Hall and Whitfield) [1877, p. 232] type and not
like that of O. (W.) euglyphus. From O. (W.) ella this species
differs in being more elongate in outline and in having the surface
more clearly marked by the crossing of the minute ridges; these
ridges are slightly irregular and curve from near the umbo obliquely
across the shell toward the lateral and front margins. The largest
ventral valve has an indicated length of from 12 to 15 mm.; width,
g mm.
The specific name is given for Mr. N. H. Darton, of the U. S.
Geological Survey, who collected the specimens.
ForRMATION AND Locarity.—Middle Cambrian: Sandstones just
above the granite, west of Garfield Peak, 50 miles (80.47 km.) west
of Casper, Natrona County, Wyoming.
OBOLUS (WESTONIA) ELLA ONAQUIENSIS, new variety
This variety is represented by a number of more or less imperfect
specimens that at first sight might be placed with Obolus (Westonia)
ella (Hall and Whitfield) [1877, p. 232], but the character of the
surface clearly distinguishes the two forms. In typical forms of O.
(V.) ella the transverse striz are more regular, while in this variety
FN
68 SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS VOL. 53
they are in the form of sharp, finely zigzag, transverse striz much
like the shells from the Big Horn Mountains of Wyoming. This
surface is formed by the interruption of very fine, sharp ridges that
curve from the umbo outward toward the sides and front of the shell
like engine-turning strize on a watch-case.
FoRMATION AND Locarity.—Middle Cambrian: Shales about 400
feet (122 m.) above the quartzitic sandstones, from high peak south-
west of Lookout Pass, Onaqui Range, west of Vernon, Tooele
County, Utah.
OBOLUS (WESTONIA) ELONGATUS, new species
PLATE 7, FIGURE 12
General form elongate oval, with the ventral valve acuminate and
the dorsal valve elongate oval. Convexity unknown, as the shells
are all flattened by compression.
The outer surface is marked by fine concentric lines of growth
crossed by a series of finely denticulated, imbricating lines that start
on each cardinal slope and extend obliquely forward across the
median line, and then curve out toward the sides of the shell; minute
rhomboidal spaces are formed over the posterior and central portions
of the shell by the crossing of the oblique lines; the denticulated
margin faces forward and is seen only on the thin epidermal layer,
while the general system of oblique lines shows on both the outer
layer and the next inner layer of the shell.
The shell is built up of several thin layers or lamellae. The
largest specimen of the ventral valve has a length of 9 mm.; width,
5 mm.; a dorsal valve 6 mm. long has a width of 4 mm. Nothing
is known of the interior of these valves.
This is a more elongate species than O. (W.) bottnica (Wiman)
[1902, p. 51] and O. (W.) finlandensis (Walcott) [1902, p. 611].
The oblique surface lines have the same general direction as those
of the latter species, but they are finely denticulated on their front
margin and cross at the center at a greater angle.
ForMATION AND LocaLity.—Middle Ordovician: Gray, siliceous
shales just below a band of quartzitic sandstones, probably corre-
sponding in position to the upper part of the Simpson formation of
the Oklahoma section ; Wasatch Canyon, 5 miles (8.05 km.) north of
Brigham, Box Elder County, Utah.
CAMBRIAN BRACHIOPODA—WALCOTT 69
OBOLUS (WESTONIA) NOTCHENSIS, new species
PLATE 7, FIGURE I3
This species is represented by two specimens of the ventral valve
that have the general outline of Lingulella ampla (Owen) [1852,
p. 583]. The exterior surface is marked by concentric lines of
growth and transverse, irregular, imbricating lines much Jike those
of O. (W.) stoneanus (Whitfield) [1882, p. 344] and O. (W.) iphis
Walcott [1g05a, p. 336]. The form of the valve differs from that
of the latter species.
The largest specimen has a length of 11 mm., with a maximum
width of 9 mm.
ForMATION AND LocaLity.—Lower Ordovician: ‘Thin-bedded,
bluish-gray limestone; at the summit of Notch Peak, House Range,
Millard County, Utah.
OBOLUS (WESTONIA) WASATCHENSIS, new species
PLATE 8, FIGURES I AND Ia
This species is founded on some large shells that differ from
Obolus (Westonia) ella (Hall and Whitfield) [1877, p. 232] in
attaining a larger size and greater proportional width and in having
the surface marked by radiating lines that extend from the umbo
with a gentle curvature toward the sides and front of the shell, so
as to terminate at right angles to the margin, very much as in O.
(W.) finlandensis Walcott [1902, p. 611].
In the Blacksmith Fork section of the Middle Cambrian terrane,
in the Wasatch Mountains of northern Utah, O. (W.) wasatchensis
occurs 1,590 feet (484.6 m.) higher in the section than O. (W.) ella.
FoRMATION AND LocaLiry.—Middle Cambrian: (1) Shales about
g50 feet (289.6 m.) above the Cambrian quartzitic beds, 2 miles
(3.22 km.) southeast of Muskrat Spring, on the northwest face of
Grantsville Peak, Stansbury Range, Tooele County; (2) about 1,700
feet (518.2 m.) above the Cambrian quartzitic beds; (3) about
2,300 feet (701 m.) above the Cambrian quartzitic beds; and (4)
a drift block supposed to have come from the horizon of (2); all
three in Wasatch Canyon, east of Lakeview Ranch, 5 miles (8.05
km.) north of Brigham, Box Elder County; (5) about 1,500 feet
(457.2 m.) above the Cambrian quartzitic beds, one mile (1.61 km.)
northwest of Geneva (Copenhagen), east of Brigham, Box Elder
County; (6) about 3,150 feet (960.1 m.) above the top of the Cam-
70 SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS VOL. 53
brian quartzitic sandstones and 1,050 feet (320 m.) below the Upper
Cambrian in thin-bedded limestones of the Bloomington formation
[ Walcott, 1908a, p. 7]; and (7) about 2,100 feet (640.1 m.) above
the top of the Cambrian quartzitic sandstones and 2,090 feet (637 m.)
below the Upper Cambrian in the shales of the Bloomington forma-
tion; both about 8 miles (12.87 km.) above the mouth of Blacksmith
Fork, and 15 miles (24.14 km.) east of Hyrum, Cache County; all
in Utah.” (8) About 2,000 feet (609.6 m.) above the Cambrian
quartzitic beds and 1,200 feet (365.8 m.) below the Upper Cambrian,
in the shales of the Bloomington formation, on the south side of
Two Mile Canyon near its mouth, 2 miles (3.22 km.) southeast of
Malad, Oneida County, Idaho.
MICKWITZELLA, new subgenus of OBOLUS
Obolus (Thysanotos) Micxwitz, 1896, Mem. Acad. Imp. Sci., St. Péters-
bourg, 8th ser., IV, No. 2, pp. 194-195. (Characterized in German as
a new subgenus; see below for translation.)
Obolus (Thysanotus) Mickwitz, Watcort, 1901, Proc. U. S. National
Museum, XXIII, p. 683. (Characterized.)
Not Thysanota Axv., 1860.
OrrcinaAL Drescrrprion By MicKwitz.—The subgenus Thysa-
notos, containing a single species, O. siluricus Eichwald, differs from
the Cambrian subgenera Euobolus and Schmidtia mainly by the
fringed anterior border of the growth lamellz of its valves and by
the concentric striation arranged parallel to the posterior edge of
these lamelle—two features that point to a peculiar organization of
the edge of the mantle. ‘The last-mentioned peculiarity appears also
in the subgenus Acritis.”
TypPé.—Obolus siluricus Eichwald [1843, p. 7].
Genus LINGULELLA Salter [1866), p. 333]
LINGULELLA BUTTSI, new species
PLATE 8, FIGURE 6
General form elongate ovate, with the ventral valve bluntly acu-
minate and the dorsal valve a little more rounded on the posterior
margin; both valves rather strongly convex. ‘The greatest convexity
of the dorsal valve is at the umbo, and of the ventral valve along the
central section. A ventral valve 12 mm. in length has a convexity
of 2 mm., and a dorsal valve 8 mm. long arches 1.75 mm. above the
plane of the margin. A narrow, median, slightly flattened, almost
concave space, that extends from the apex to the front margin,
occurs on the dorsal valve. The exterior surface of the shell is dull
CAMBRIAN BRACHIOPODA—-WALCOTT 7k
dark bluish-gray and the inner layers shiny bluish-black. The outer
surface is marked by concentric striz, and lines of growth with a
few indistinct radiating strize; the strize on the dorsal valve bend
slightly backward where they cross the median, flattened space. The
inner layers have many concentric strize; also numerous fine radi-
ating strie. The shell is built up of several layers or lamellz, so as
to be strong in the umbonal region and thin toward the edges.
The largest ventral valve in the collection has a length of 12 mm.
and a maximum width of 9.5 mm. at the anterior third of its length;
a dorsal valve 10 mm. long has a width of 7 mm.
-A partially exfoliated ventral valve indicates the presence, on
each side of the visceral area, of a strong ridge somewhat similar to
that in Lingulella acutangula (Roemer) [1849, p. 20].
OssERVATIONS.—This fine shell has the general outline of the
group of small shells of which Lingulella ferruginea Salter [Salter
and Hicks, 1867, p. 340] is typical. It differs from them in its large
size and strong shell. All of the larger species of Lingulella are
either more acuminate or broader in outline.
The material was collected by Mr. Charles Butts, of the United
States Geological Survey, and I take pleasure in naming the species
after him.
ForMATION AND LocaLity.—Upper Cambrian: (1) Limestones in
cut on Louisville and Nashville Railroad, near Woodstock; and (2)
limestones near Kimbrel; both in Bibb County, Alabama.
LINGULELLA TEXANA, new species
PLATE 8, FIGURE 5
This is a small but distinctly marked species, represented by two
dorsal valves occurring in the Middle Cambrian limestones of central
Texas. ‘The dorsal valves are oval and quite strongly convex. The
shell appears to have been rather thick, and the outer surface is
marked by strong, radiating strie, which are characteristic of the
species. The striz are crossed by fine, concentric striz and lines
of growth. The position of the muscle scars and the size and char-
acter of the area are shown by fig. 5.
ForMATION AND LocaLity.—Middle Cambrian: (1) Limestone
near Honey Creek; and (2) limestone near Morgan Creek; both in
Burnet County, Texas. (3) Sandstones of Potosi formation, on
Flat River, Missouri.
72 SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS VOL. 53
Subgenus LINGULEPIS Hall [1863, p. 120]
LINGULELLA (LINGULEPIS) ACUMINATA SEQUENS, new variety
PLATE 8, FIGURE 4
Glossina acuminata Haut and CiarKe [not Conrad], 1892, Eleventh
Ann. Rept. State Geologist New York for 1891, pl. 1, figs. 10, 11. (No
text reference. )
Lingula (Glossina) acuminata Hatt and CrarkEe [not (Conrad)], 1892,
Nat. Hist. New York, Paleontology, VIII, Pt. 1, pl. 1, figs. 1, 2. (No
text reference. Figures 1 and 2 are copied from pl. 1, figs. Io and 11,
of the preceding reference. )
This variety differs from Lingulella (Lingulepis) acuminata (Con-
rad) [ 1839, p.64] in being somewhat less attenuate in its ventral valve
and in having the cardinal slope of the ventral valve straight instead
of gently incurved. It occurs at a slightly higher geologic horizon ©
than 1. (L.) acuminata and appears to be a form derived from that
species.
Judging from Messrs. Hall and Clarke’s illustrations [1892a, pl. 1,
figs. 10 and 11], they had representatives of this variety of L. (L.)
acuminata and mistook them for the form illustrated by Hall [1847,
p.9] as Lingula acuminata. ‘That figure represents a typical form of
L. (L.) acuminata and is not the variety illustrated by Hall and
Clarke in 1892.
The specimens illustrated by Messrs. Hall and Clarke are given
as from the Calciferous sandstone in Saratoga County, New York.
The specimen which I have taken as the type of this variety is from
Division A of the Beekmantown formation.
ForRMATION AND LocaLity.—Ordovician: Beekmantown forma-
tion, Division A; quarry near the northwest suburb of Ticonderoga,
Essex County, New York.
NEOBOLUS Waagen [188s, p. 756]
Neobolus WAAGEN, 1885, Mem. Geol. Survey India, Paleontologia Indica,
13th ser., Salt Range Fossils, I, Pt. 4, fas. 5, pp. 756-758. (Described
and discussed as a new genus.)
Davidsonella WAAGEN, 1885, idem, pp. 762-764. (Described and discussed
as a new genus. )
Not Davidsonella MUNIER-CHALMAR, I880.
Lakhmina OE€HLERT, 1887, Manuel de Conchyliologie, by Fischer, p. 1265.
(Described in French.)
Lakhmina Oehlert, WAAGEN, 1891, Mem. Geol. Survey India, Paleontologia
Indica, 13th ser., Salt Range Fossils, IV, Pt. 2; description of plate
11, figs. 3-4. (No text reference.)
CAMBRIAN BRACHIOPODA—WALCOTT 73
Lakhmina Oehlert, Hatt and CrarKer, 1892, Eleventh Ann. Rept. State.
Geologist New York for 1891, pp. 234-235. (Described.)
Neobolus Waagen, Hatt, and CLarkE, 1892, idem, p. 245. (Described.)
Lakhmina Oehlert, Hat, and Crarke, 1892, Nat. Hist. New York;,
Paleontology, VIII, Pt. 1, pp. 28-30. (Described and discussed.)
Neobolus Waagen, Hatt and CrarKke, 1892, idem, p. 84. (Described and
discussed. ) \
General outline of shells broad oval to subcircular; nearly equi-
valve, moderately convex. Shell substance calcareo-corneous and
probably phosphatic, structure laminated. Surface with concentric
striation. Shell strong for its size and built up on its anterior and
lateral margins of several thin layers or lamella. Apex of ventral
valve small and slightly projecting over a low false area that appears
to have an open delthyrium. Apex of dorsal valve marginal.
The interior of the ventral valve has a strong rounded central ridge
extending from the narrow area about one-third the length of the
shell, and a strong ridge on each side that extends from the same
point of origin as the central ridge obliquely forward nearly to the
frontal margin of the shell.t. Between the central ridge and the
posterior portions of the lateral ridges there are slightly concave
shelves forming with the central ridge a triangular platform, with
an open space beneath the concave shelves; numerous radiating striz
occur on the concave shelves and the inner surface of the shell.
Of the muscular impressions in the ventral valve, Dr. Waagen
wrote [1885, p. 762] that “nothing can be observed.” Considered
from the point of view of the Trimerellide, this may appear to be
correct; but if we compare the muscle scars of Obolus with what
appear to me to be points of attachment of muscles, there is no diffi-
culty in recognizing a few scars. Just beneath the outer extension
of the narrow area of the ventral valve there is a minute, clearly
defined elongate oval space that corresponds to the divided umbonal
muscle scar in Obolus apollinis Eichwald [1829, p. 274]. Near the
outer margin, on a line with the anterior portion of the central ridge,
there is a narrow elongate space which, under a strong reflected
light, is seen to be divided diagonally by a slight, narrow, raised line.
Compared with Obolus, this space is the point of attachment of the
transmedian and anterior lateral muscle scars. It is probable that
the outside and middle lateral muscle scars and the centrals were
attached to the platform, but there are no defined muscle scars
upon it.
*TI do not find any indication of the incurving of these ridges as described
and illustrated by Dr. Waagen [1885, p. 762, pl. Lxxxv, fig. 6].
74 SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS VOL. 53
The interior of the dorsal valve has several very unusual char-
acters. There is no true cardinal area, unless the thick margin of
the shell be considered as such. From the center of the cardinal
margin a strong flat process, marked by concentric lines of growth,
projects forward into the valve and rises a little above the plane of
the margin of the valve. Dr. Waagen [1885, p. 763] calls attention
to the resemblance between this process and the tooth of Trimerella
dindstr6mi. From beneath the median process a short thick plat-
form projects upward and forward into the valve; it is as wide as
the process at its base, expanding toward.its front margin. It is
concave between its lateral crests, and the outer slopes are slightly
‘concave from the crest to the body of the shell. In front the
concave space and crests terminate rather abruptly above the front
face, which in turn is underlain by a transversely hollow space of
unknown extension beneath the platform. ‘Toward each end of the
frontal area a minute depression appears to indicate the point of
attachment of a muscle. A narrow, rounded median septum extends
from beneath the platform well toward the front of the shell. Two
more or less interrupted and obscure ridges, indicating the main
vascular trunks, extend from the front antero-lateral angles at the
base of and at the side of the platform obliquely outward into the
valve. The elongate smooth spaces outlined by Dr. Waagen [1885,
pl. LXxxv, fig. 6] in his illustrations of this valve are too indefinite
to be given form in the drawing of the only specimen showing the
interior. What appears to be a small muscle scar occurs at the
cardinal angle; it corresponds in position to the transmedian scar of
Obolus.
Typr.—Neobolus warthi Waagen.
OpsERVATIONS.—Through the courtesy of Dr. T. H. Holland,
Director of the Geological Survey of India, I received the type speci-
mens of Neobolus, Davidsonella, and Lakhmina, studied, described,
and illustrated by Dr. Waagen. With these before me, I find that
the elaborate figures of Waagen [1885, pl. LXxxxv] are diagrammatic
to a considerable extent; also that I cannot clearly recognize some of
the characters noted by Dr. Waagen.
Dr. Waagen’s original description [1885, p. 762] of the genus
“Davidsonella’ is very full and he also gives a detailed description of
the type species “D. linguloides.” Dr, Gehlert [1887, p. 1265] evi-
dently based his description of “Lakhmina” on Waagen’s description
and illustrations, apparently not noting that Waagen stated in his
text [1885, p. 762] that the elongate areas on the sides of the inte-
rior of the shell were not muscle scars, but that he considered them
CAMBRIAN BRACHIOPODA—WALCOTT 75
as smooth areas outside the crescent. Dr. Cthlert [1887, p. 1265]
says also that Lakhmuina has “a straight and projecting beak per-
forated for the passage of the foramen,” and reproduces Dr.
Waagen’s figures showing a deep pedicle furrow. Only one shell
shows the apex of the ventral valve and the small false area beneath,
and one other of the interior shows the true area and a triangular
depressed spot at the center. A fracture at the center has broken
out a bit of the shell, which gives rise to the narrow, deep furrow
described by Waagen. ‘The ventral valve has a false area beneath
the apex; a true area on a plane with the margins of the valve.
When looking over the types of Neobolus and Lakhmina for the
purpose of having illustrations made of them, I noted that there was
a strong resemblance between the shells of the two genera; but,
having the impression that the ventral valve of Lakhmina had a
pedicle opening at the apex, drawings were arranged on the plates
under the conception that Lakhmina belonged with the Neotremata.
Dr. Charles Schuchert noted the same resemblance when looking
over the plates of this monograph and called my attention to it. I
then made a careful study of all of the specimens, and by the use
of acid developed several interiors of dorsal valves. I found that
the supposed perforation of the apex of the ventral valve of Lakh-
mina was the result of the breaking out of the minute apex; that
the dorsal valve of Neobolus warthi was the same as the dorsal valve
of Lakhmina linguloides, and that two genera and four species had
been based on specimens of Neobolus warthi.
The external characters of all of the shells referred to Neobolus
and Lakhmina are the same. Only one specimen of the interior of
the ventral valve that shows anything of the platform beneath the
visceral area occurs in the collections; this was referred to Lakhmina
by Waagen, but the accompanying dorsal valves were first described
as Neobolus. By comparing the illustrations of Waagen [1891,
pl. 1], the student will notice that figure 8c of the interior of the
dorsal valve of Neobolus is essentially the same as the interior of
the dorsal valve of Lakhruna, figure 4c, with the exception of the
thickened platform.
It may seem as though it were forcing unlike forms into one
species to place all these specimens together, but with our present
information it appears to be necessary to do so.
All authors have classified the shells described as Lakhmina with
Trimerella linguloides, and Hall and Clarke [18920, p. 29] state that
in the present condition of knowledge it must be regarded as the
earliest representative of the Trimerelloid brachiopods. The ex-
70 SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS VOL. 53
ternal form is similar to that of Obolus and the interior characters
might readily have been developed from that genus.
Genus DICELLOMUS Hall [1873, p. 246]
DICELLOMUS PARVUS, new species
PLATE 8, FIGURES 2 AND 2a
General form ovate, with the ventral valve subacuminate and
dorsal valve broad oval to subcircular. Valves moderately convex.
Surface of outer shell dark and polished; it is marked, when not
abraded, by fine, clearly defined, concentric strize and occasional lines
of growth. The largest ventral valve has a length of 2.5 mm. and a
width of 2mm. The shell is strong but not thick. Shell substance
apparently calcareo-corneous.
Ventral valve uniformly convex, except that the slopes toward the
cardinal margins are more abrupt than elsewhere; apex appears to
be marginal. The interior of the valve shows a short, low median
ridge in the center of the visceral cavity; on each side and a little
in front of the end of the median ridge are the trapezoidal areas
for the attachment of muscle scars; rather small, composite cardinal
muscle scars occur close to the cardinal margins.
Dorsal valve somewhat less convex than the ventral; apex mar-
ginal. The interior of the valve shows well-defined composite car-
dinal muscle scars, a narrow median septum, and a faintly impressed
main vascular sinus that curves outward and forward at about one-
third the distance from the outer margin to the median septum; the
central muscle scars are small and situated back of the center of the
valve on each side of a low median swelling on which the median
septum occurs; the position of the anterior lateral muscle scars is
indicated at the end of the median septum a little in advance of the
center of the valve.
OBSERVATIONS.—This minute shell has the generic characters of
Dicellomus politus (Hall) [1861, p. 24], but it differs specifically in
its minute size and in the position of the muscle scars in the dorsal
valve.
FoRMATION AND LocaLity.—Middle Cambrian: (1) Ch’ang-hia
limestone, 2.5 miles (4.02 km.) southwest of Yen-chuang, Sin-t'ai
District, Shantung, China; and (2) from a fine-grained bluish-black
limestone river drift block one mile (1.61 km.) south of Ch’dng-ping-
hien, on the Nan-kiang River, southern Shensi, China.
CAMBRIAN BRACHIOPODA—WALCOTT Wik
DICELLOMUS PROLIFICUS, new species
PLATE 8, FIGURES 3 AND 3a
This species differs from Dicellomus politus (Hall) [1861, p. 24],
to which it appears to be most nearly related, by the greater con-
vexity of the ventral valve, its higher umbo, and, in most shells, a
greater narrowing toward the apex. The dorsal valve differs from
that of D. politus in being more rounded on the cardinal margins.
It is also to be noted that no traces of muscle scars or vascular mark-
ings have been observed on many interiors and casts of the interior
of the valves, while in D. politus they are prominent on most casts
and often on the interior of the valves. ‘The range of outline of the
valves of D. politus might include those of D. prolificus, but the con-
vexity of the ventral valve and the smooth interior seem to dis-
tinguish the latter species.
Great numbers of the separated valves occur in several thin layers
of gray limestone near the summit of the cliffs on the south side of
Marjum Pass.
ForMATION AND LocaLity.—Middle Cambrian: 2,900 feet (883.9
m.) above the top of the Lower Cambrian and 1,500 feet (457.2 m.)
below the Upper Cambrian, in gray, thin-bedded limestone of the
Marjum formation [Walcott, 1g08a, p. 10], south side of Marjum
Pass, in cliff southeast of the divide, House Range, Millard County,
Utah.
Genus BOTSFORDIA Matthew [1801, p. 148]
BOTSFORDIA ? BARRANDEI, new species
Brachiopode, nouy. gen., DE VERNEUIL and BarRANDE, 1860, Bull. Soc.
Geol. France, 2d ser., XVII, pp. 536-537, pl. vim, figs. 5, 5a-e. (De-
scribed and discussed in French as a new genus.)
Acrothele Pomprcky [not Linnarsson], 1895, Jahrb. kais.-kénig. geol.
Reichsanstalt, Bd. XLV, Heft 3, p. 603. (Discussed in German; see
below for translation.)
Of this species Dr. Pompeckj [1896, p. 603] writes:
“From Barrande’s description and figure, it is not quite easy to
interpret this species. I have before me several specimens of a
brachiopod from Coulouma, in the Department of Herault, which
Miquel [1893, p. 4] mentioned as ‘la Discina’ I regard this form
from southern France as belonging to the genus Acrothele, and be-
lieve that it is probably identical with the species mentioned by
de Verneuil, Barrande, and Barrois as occurring in Spain.”
With the specimens collected by M. Miquel before me, and which
I have named Acrothele bergeroni (see p. 83), I do not think we
78 SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS VOL. 53
can consider them to be the same as the form described by de Ver-
neuil and Barrande [1860, p. 536].
From M. Barrande’s description and illustration, the following
note is written: The shell is about as wide as long, suboval, with
pointed beaks; valves moderately convex, with the ventral a little
more so than the dorsal. There is a small area on each valve, but
no trace of a triangular false deltidium. Beak of ventral valve with
a minute pedicle opening. Surface with fine, distinct, concentric
strie. Substance of shell calcareous.
A shell 13 mm. in length has the same width, and the thickness
of the two valves united is 5 mm.
M. Barrande thought that a new genus was indicated, but in the
absence of interior characters decided not to name the genus or
species. The perforate ventral valve and area suggested Siphono-
treta to him, but the calcareous shell was opposed to it.
- I have provisionally referred the shell to the genus Botsfordia
and have named it after M. Barrande, whose memory all paleon-
tologists take pleasure in recalling.
The reference to Botsfordia is made on account of (a) the sub-
acuminate ventral valve with minute pedicle opening above a listrium
unmarked by a false deltidium ; (b) convex ventral and dorsal valve ;
(c) the tendency of Botsfordia pulchra (Matthew) [1889, p. 306]
to have the substance of its rather thick shell replaced by calcareous
matter.
I have attempted to secure specimens of this shell, but unsuccess-
fully. Until further information can be secured, the present refer-
ence will serve to indicate the probable relationship of the species.
ForRMATION AND LocaLitry.—Middle Cambrian: Red limestone
which passes north of Adrados and Bonar, near Sabero, Cantabrique
Range, Province of Leon, Spain.
DEARBORNIA, new genus
This genus is based on one species, which is well represented by
fourteen specimens. ‘The generic description is incorporated with
the description of the type species.
Typr.—Dearbornia clarki, new species.
DEARBORNIA CLARKI, new species
PLATE 8, FIGURE 7
Shell subequivalve, subcircular in outline, slightly convex. Ven-
tral valve most elevated at the pedicle aperture, which is circular,
rather large, and situated from one-fifth to one-sixth the length of
CAMBRIAN BRACHIOPODA—WALCOTT 79
the valve from the posterior margin; the slope back of the foramen
is gently rounded and without a trace of false area or pedicle groove ;
the position of the beak is not clearly defined, as the margin is
rounded and the uniform slope of the outer surface is unbroken.
Dorsal valve uniformly and slightly convex; the position of the beak
is indicated by a slight projection of the outline of the valve.
Surface marked by fine concentric lines. The substance of the
shell is calcareous in an odlitic limestone in which semiphosphatic
shells of Obolus are preserved. ‘The shell is thick and apparently
formed of one layer, but this is probably, as in the case of the shells
of Obolella crassa (Hall) [1847, p. 290], a condition of preserva-
tion, the original layers or lamelle having been replaced or else
cemented together. The average size of the valves is from 3 to 5 mm.
The interior of the ventral valve does not show a true area; there
is a space between the margin and the end of the median furrow
into which the foramen opens. ‘The median furrow is rather broad
and deepest at the foramen; it extends forward beyond the center
of the valve; the furrow into which the foramen opens is broadest
at the posterior end and running out to a point a little in advance of
the opening; from each side of the furrow and opposite the opening
a furrow extends obliquely outward and then forward subparallel
to the median furrow. ‘Two large, oval muscle scars occur in the
space between the outer furrow and the postero-lateral margin of
the shell; these scars correspond in position to the transmedian and
anterior lateral muscle scars of Obolus and Trematobolus. Nothing
is clearly shown of the position of the main vascular canals unless
the grooves outside of the median depression indicate their position,
or it may be that they were on the narrow ridges outside of the side
furrows and inside of the lateral muscle scars.
The interior of the dorsal valve shows a rudimentary area much
like that of Rustella edsont Walcott [1905a, p. 311]; the area is a
smooth space with a slightly defined central depression, from which
a narrow, low median septum extends forward to about the center
of the valve; a narrow ridge extends forward from the posterior
central depression on each side at about the inner third of the dis-
tance between the median septum and the outer margin; these
ridges probably marked the position of the main vascular sinuses.
The central muscle scars occur in the shallow depression on each
side of the median septum a little back of the transverse center of
the valve, and the transmedian scars and outside laterals are just
outside of the narrow ridges on each side of the valve; these scars,
like those in the ventral valve, are large for so small a shell.
8o SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS VOL. 53
OBSERVATIONS.—Dearbornia clarki is one of the simple or rudi-
mentary forms of the Siphonotretide. It differs from Siphonotreta
in the absence of an area and a siphonal or pedicle tube, in having
the pedicle opening on the umbo in advance of the beak, and in its
calcareous shell. The circular pedicle aperture without an exterior
furrow, the absence of a well-defined area on the ventral valve, and
its calcareous shell distinguish it from Trematobolus and Schizam-
bon. ‘The form and position of the pedicle opening suggest Discin-
opsis, but the interiors of the valves are very dissimilar in the two
genera. It may be that with the discovery of good exteriors of the
ventral valve of Trematobolus excelsis Walcott (see below) that
species will be found to have a circular pedicle opening of the same
character as that of Dearbormia clarki, but from the similarity of the
cast of the interior of the ventral valve of the former species to that
of Trematobolus kempanum (Matthew) [1897, p. 70] it is referred
to Trematobolus.
The generic name is taken from Mount Dearborn, which was
named after Gen. Henry Dearborn, and the specific name is given
in recognition of Dr. William B. Clark’s work on the paleontology
of Maryland.
ForRMATION AND LocaLirry.—Middle Cambrian: Lower portion
of the Yogo limestone, in the canyon of the north fork of the
Dearborn River, in the eastern part of the Lewis and Clark Forest
Reserve, Montana.
Genus TREMATOBOLUS Matthew [1803, p. 276]
TREMATOBOLUS EXCELSIS, new species
PLATE 8, FicurE 8
Shell transversely oval in outline, with both valves obtusely acumi-
nate. Ventral valve strongly convex, with the minute beak at the
posterior margin above a low area; the slope from the highest
point of the valve, a little back of the center, is greatest toward the
beak and nearly uniform to the front and sides of the valve. Pedicle
opening unknown, as no exterior or cast of the exterior of the valve
occurs in the material collected; two casts of the interior show the
cast of the foramen at about the same position as in Trematobolus
insigius Matthew [1893, p. 276] and other species of the genus.
Dorsal valve slightly more transverse than the ventral and about two-
thirds as convex; a very slight median flattening occurs at the ante-
rior margin that extends back on the valve—nearly to the beak in
some specimens; otherwise the convexity is distributed as in the
ventral valve.
CAMBRIAN BRACHIOPODA—WALCOTT SI
Surface marked by a few concentric lines of growth. The shell
is rather thin except over the umbonal and posterior portions of the
ventral valve, where it is moderately thick. Its substance is now cal-
careous and appears like that of 7. insignis; the original shell may
have been calcareo-corneous. acne eee
Fic. 2. Type specimen showing exterior of ventral valve from Lower
Cambrian shales, 6 miles (9.66 km.) up Gordon Creek
from South Fork of Flathead River, Lewis and Clark
Forest Reserve, Montana. U. S. National Museum Cata-
logue No. 52278a.
Waimanella shelbyensts, mew. SpecieS.;. ... }.2 0 «2° os 22 os sso 1 eee
Fic. 3. Type specimen showing exterior of compressed ventral valve
from Lower Cambrian Montevallo shale, 4 miles (6.44
km.) south of Helena, Shelby County, Alabama. U. S.
National Museum Catalogue No. 52272a.
Waimanella 2? 1myoensis.. New ASPeGieS)... sas <5 vse + tenner sys s+ 9 ee ee
Fic. 4. Type specimen showing cast of the interior of ventral valve
from Lower Cambrian limestone in Toll Gate Canyon,
White Mountain Range, Inyo County, California. U. S.
National Museum Catalogue No. 52255a.
Billingsella- marion, new,SPecies ais. oie hid! Pobiela Sos ed os so
Fic. 5. Type specimen showing cast of the interior of ventral valve
from Middle Cambrian limestones of Stephen formation
on Mount Stephen, British Columbia. U. S. National Mu-
seum Catalogue No. 53676a.
Loorthis*newberryt; new Species... 2812. Pek wes noe ss vse ooo ee
Itc. 6. Exterior of ventral valve. U.S. National Museum Catalogue
No. 52350a.
6a. Exterior of dorsal valve. U.S. National Museum Catalogue
No. 52350b.
The specimens represented by Figs. 6 and 6a are from
Upper Cambrian limestones of the St. Charles formation,
in Blacksmith Fork Canyon, east of Hyrum, Cache
County, Utah.
Loorthis thyone, néw' Species. 05.5. 0h oss vg Cons. s+ age ee
Fics. 7 and 7a. Exterior of dorsal valves. U. S. National Museum
Catalogue Nos. 52377a and 52377b.
The specimens represented by Figs. 7 and 7a are from
Middle Cambrian limestones of the Marjum formation,
east of Antelope Springs, House Range, Millard County,
Utah.
Page
Ior
100
102
105
105
VOL. 53, PL. 10
SMITHSCNIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS
CAMBRIAN BRACHIOPODA
CAMBRIAN BRACHIOPODA—WALCOTT
PEHES SEMOMICW - SDECHES is oir. oa sje!snunain od fel bw epic de sieee wise e nee ne
Fic. 8. Exterior view and side outline of type specimen of ventral
valve from Middle Cambrian limestones of the Ute forma-
tion, in Blacksmith Fork Canyon, east of Hyrum, Cache
County, Utah. U. S. National Museum Catalogue No.
523974.
SS unimoprid camp Dellt,, NEW SPECIES 2). 5,205 iis n'a. oe ne sa hielo ew a ood oH wie eleven
Fic. 9. Cast of interior of ventral valve. U.S. National Museum
Catalogue No. 52480a.
ga. Cast of the interior of a dorsal valve. U. S. National Mu-
seum Catalogue No. 52480b.
gb. Section of the beak of a ventral valve, showing septum and
spondylium. U. S. National Museum Catalogue No.
52480c.
gc. Cast of the interior of the posterior portion of the dorsal
valve, showing the cast of a section of the spondylium.
U. S. National Museum Catalogue No. 5248od.
The specimens represented by Figs. 9, 9a-c are from the
Upper Cambrian Knox chert at Bunker Hill, northeast of
Rogersville, Tennessee.
PED MUISIMMNEE OUP e ATIC WU SDE CIOS Soin. 5 sdb sticie er e'aiciat sila Sale alee Cade wreliwle aye
Fic. 10. Type specimen showing an imperfect cast of the interior of a
ventral valve from Middle Cambrian shaly limestones of
the Marjum formation, east of Antelope Springs, House
Range, Millard County, Utah. U. S. National Museum
Catalogue No. 52499.
Panne? ie NE COMMOTIO. SEW SHECICS 9 5.3 fe asia aa, sa's Sic opr de ce apie seen amare
Fic. 11. Exterior of ventral valve. U. S. National Museum Cata-
logue No. 524774.
11a. Exterior of dorsal valve. U.S. National Museum Catalogue
No. 52478.
The specimens represented by Figs. 11 and 11a are from
Middle Cambrian limestones of the Ute formation in East
Fork Canyon, east of Cache Valley, Utah.
EMAC ELI MICSLE NT ILE Wir SPCCIES ais a arciaei ciate a ers eteitan Act ed ohie braseiafiie vm wile tended here
Fic. 12. Exterior of ventral valve. U. S. National Museum Cata-
logue No. 52481a.
12a. Exterior of dcrsal valve. U. S. National Museum Catalogue
No. 52481b.
The specimens represented by Figs. 12 and I2a are from
Upper Cambrian limestones of the St. Charles formation
in Blacksmith Fork Canyon, east of Hyrum. Cache County,
Utah.
PIMPRCUG: CINCTIGLEL, NEW SPECIES. 6.00.55 oso ets ee dvd chave Rea weeded aceeee
Fic. 13. Partial cast of interior of ventral valve.
13a. Partial cast of interior of dorsal valve.
The specimens represented by Figs. 13 and 13a are from
Middle Cambrian limestones near Wirrialpa, in the Flin-
ders Range, South Australia. Collections of the Univer-
sity of Adelaide, South Australia. Casts in U. S. National
Museum, Catalogue Nos. 53678a and 53678).
107
108
106
110
109
CAMBRIAN BRACHIOPODA—WALCOTT 127
INDEX
Page
abnormis, see Huenella.
Ce bE ELS gS Sa gp a a ag Nr ar A nl 70
RPMI UEAINMIESOON 4.) thre oak Sn Sis aaiomce dis a bo suas ec eee 77, 82, 88, 89, 90
Portree eg PSs oe eet se Ge co man dae ee Nee 77
BIE MNS ARENT SPEC EO er nha ote 1s aaa BA Gea ooh ae 82,” pl. 8, fig. 10
Devlapunctatas New SpECicG. occas. eset eet. eee 82, pl. 8, figs. 9 and 9a
DEV PCT OMI, PREW SDEGCIOS. .i.5 62 aca fc.e ce vis'els sb ne ek os Ti Ase Poi dates ree a
Rema IOm AREAS) rico mae nies Rel oe o rake ek oes oo Codie eae ae eu 84
borgholmensis, new SPECieS. .....0. 00. c cs wee eee we ee 84, 88, pl. 8, fig. 12
Rea enPPM I GUECLGSE 5 Fev Sie Cares orlcloid che hee ee ore ain geet 50
eR CER BPTIAAAT SSN ott aCe US. cies onic aioe ko bata Su eae oe 84, 85, 80
PISCE SIS MIE SPECIES Aas Foal can cake dacbate eek 85, pl. 8, fig. 13
PMR OTUE TA EA AMUN idee o's o's aera enters ceased TEI IA ares ie see 89
Pe ASHE? A NLAUEHIEW),):c'ss4ic ois wtate'ele aaca'e ates goeioars sara ake eects 82
primedia Walcott 2.5 052.660 .8: Aad Rae TES Pech os ei 6 oh EOS SR 86
SRE FRIAR NE OSEMIECIY ao ie wi See die ole Sk aa Gea ea ee Ba aa Oe Ok ees 84
UMAR MEM SHCCICS: viciacc aides coeceucwbstscsceedye 86, 87, 88, pl. 8, fig. 14
PRM MRE VALCO EL OCR A aghast Coe eae oot e Minne hee 86
PEM ERUVINEE Co Gaia a,c eo ernte vito eee es Oe eek ae 86, 87, 88
Supstdua hera; tlew variety: ¢6ohs. co.cc lec cs nee Cewek 87, pl. 8, fig. 15
PMB GMC ISERIES ® Oita he etc Sa Meth Moe ed ot ike 87, pl. 9, fig. 12
WAGdMoriNt, DEW SPECIES. «el a oe a PI 86, 88, pl. 0, fig. II
POR IONSIS, TIEW SHCCIES, oo 52 o's’ a's's'e'e'e aes s)gic dates nid wee 88, 80, pl. 9, fig. 10
(Redhithelia) granulata (Linnarsson)... 00.2.0 0) 2006. e2 os 83, 89, 90
OE Sus SS ae a ee iA rhs ee, ON eek tee ee 93
DeUMIUIanme wy. SPECIES.) 6s ig doce seve sect ee ee 93, 94, pl. 9, figs. 4, 4a—b
aad RON TORE ROVE Wines dee: Sw 8865-0 E TR Oe oie bare Pe OMe hs he aad a 06
UL TIES I ETC a SS Ss 8 ON Ap et Sp A ak Sa ae 94, 96
Coes ae AG Goel Oy MEN Vo 7) (Pa Meas EIR tn Oo eat aA a Sr 96
CPU A ESI) se be se Oe tre case ae 04, 95
LTE SEP ETE Fr SUSE! a eee ee Re MR RC Se BEE 95
MOATIUMENSIS, TEW. SPECIES. 22.2.0... 0c ce ck woe ee 94, pl. 9, figs. 2 and 2a
MEU OEM SESW ALC LE raion hier eaters ere cht tee SE ees eee 04, 95
OP MIRCHSISEN VAN COLE Pe ee noe ee rk ee nee Oe ee a 95
ophirensis descendens, new variety.............. 95, pl. 9, figs. 1 and ta
PARTI SA TIOWY SMCEIOSS Fire oisicte alate ura crete sicia sodiary: dioveeleiertis So 95, 96, pl. 9, fig. 5
EPR PAIMLE DE CRMEITCE Yes oS A hosters eile Mle, vate Cae indo Wea ee ee sIee es 04
MPA IEW SSHICCIES GS 2 oo,8 es oe Wrlo 1a Rlek ticle ood Loans wees 96, pl. 9, fig. 3
acuminata, see Glossina, Lingula, Lingula (Glossina), and Lingulella
(Lingulepis).
* Brackets are used in this connection to indicate that while the author, whose
name is thus bracketed, described a fossil under the name which precedes his
own,*he was not the first to describe a fossil under that name.
* The number in heavy-faced type refers to the page upon which the species
is described.
128 SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS VOL. 53
Page
acuminata sequens, see Lingulella (Lingulepis).
acutangula, see Lingulella.
equivalvis, see Orthis.
alberta, see Nisusia.
Albertella helena) Walcott): J. si.%0c cde s «oe otis eee ore eee ee 61
ampla, see Lingulella.
anomala, see Wimanella.
apollinis, see Obolus.
appalachia, see Billingsella.
Archezocyathine limestone, South Australia, fossils in................... TIO
artemis, see Acrothele.
Baraboo; Wisconsini, fossilSmieary -.. cle.csce eo foo eicteteralaien eee ee IOI
barabuensis, see Syntrophia.
Barrande:’ M. J. tientioned! sisca)2 eieiaklcvecs «dso oie er eyes wang tie aatotet eee ee eee 78
barrandei, see Botsfordia.
Beekmantownptormation, New York, fossils ins. .-.-. 2-2 «ae. 72
bellapunctata, see Acrothele.
bellatula, see Acrotreta.
bellulus, see Obolus (Fordinia).
Bercenon:) Protijimenttone d 3). tia este wale 4, ores auscele Detension ie ee eee 84
bergeroni, see Acrothele.
Bibby County, Alabama. fossilssimk 1.05.6. cee oo cisco eee 71
Bibliography, C. D. Walcott’s papers on the Brachiopoda................ 53
Bibliography, papers cited or referred to in this paper...................- III
Bie. Cottonwood Canyons Utah; sossils in... oso see eee eee 93
Bie Horn Mountains, Wyoming) stossils/imk. +2. «cre aecis oe cee 68
Billmeselia Hall agd Clagkes:<:: 3; netics ak ase en 98, 99, IOI, 103, 104, 107, 109
appalachian( Walcott) % Ys sd ewiete sess woaeielsi te ae ea eee 100
colorcdoen ssa (Shuimanrd)acseccccece sh aac a aie eee 99, IOI, IIO
haha emsvs; Ce VWalGOtt) Weak ois. aie ons ors 010 aks akan eee ee ee 99, IOI
MGTOR A MEW SPECIES Wat asemevorn eins oo t-e simian irs ae tot, pl. 10, figs. I and ta
MONTOM SAM EWESPCCICS Co ail wuss cea ant wee noe ace eee 102, pl. 10, fig. 5
plicatellas Walcott 22,25 cee ic ok elon oticiOe eigen a eee 99
salemensis(GWealcott) 2365 ceils oc bide ea ee ee 102
Bulltive sell dees 5 tes Gs ha wiate Sk © teal hare Seveolcio.s GUAM ae eee 99
Blacksmith Fork Canyon, Utah, fossils in......... 58, 70, 88, 105, 106, 107, IIO
Bloomington formation, Utah fossils in. 2.j-.. 3... oo. eee Rie eee 70
bohemica, see Acrothele.
Borgholim, Sweden, fassils atc... 0.6... 3 dbs op esas ee 85
borgholmensis, see Acrothele.
BOLSTOradia] Niatthewresaeris Coe ates Goo hols aire Son en een eee 20 Tae Fomoo
2. DOFTONE EL, NEW SPCClES @ Sacra te-ceisievs » wlas vino. o vlala biciaten arene ieee 77
eraiulata- + (Redlich) sister. leieredepe lo aiel olepeesys.. t+ ccc | setes wee nc erie ee Gee sale 80
Tee ee teem ARTIS oho Sea oie db eieins «wren SA ee Eee elec eh oe 78
OM URTIEC WMSD ECCLES Ce 5,0 ts tie Serene ee hae os. ote oe tes 78, 80, pl. 8, fig. 7
Becnesatinenvalley, Cakitotnia, fossils in! i..05 000%. sea eee eed ces oes 8I
definita, see Acrotreta.
depressa, see Acrotreta.
desiderata, see Elkania.
JDaeilignnins TEA Ib: Re aa tise cee ieee Rie Sciee eres ae Eyes oie i. Marae Po ee toa 76
POLES LIA TS PECIOS atte c epee tae aicters aisioy tial owls co ister cleras 76, pl. 8, figs. 2 and 2a
PRE IEOEE RUNS Bice iene TN oats sale nies? Aaa ena atee wie Stee ae to #5 he he 65, 76, 77
PEOURCUS ANEW SPECIES. scysike ch sede tia decid cc soe ste 77, pl. 8, figs. 3 and 3a
Digg i) (IMG RERSSHI |p ME ae abe east aes ced al cect Scan Rai tao ar Pte Pe 77, 83
2 EIS Clare cpd ae ae Oe FI a 80
discoideus, see Obolus.
amas ation Aitan, £OSSNS Ile. s cass os". sic s wats pene fo ee ee ee 107
Pitan conmation socitishy Columbia, fossils in. y.5..n.s2enc. sess cyedese es 61
JEL V ER AM ONE 5 A ORS UE OR ie tect ECE ed ole aero 5
EST CH OTO MOB IATIOS itary. tasted sen ae eaeicee alo es wiaveitieinie are uel aiantincetn ra oe 66, 85
ella, see Obolus (Westonia).
ella onaquiensis, see Obolus (Westonia).
elongatus, see Obolus (Westonia).
TTR DITOR ENIIS © wight lcs pie lcy ete feed OF Leera ie AN See ST 102, 104
DES oT CGI ATE Fee 0) aa Aa a a ew Daa dy op 104
newberryl, NEW SPECIGS..........0..ce0ee 105, 106, pl. 10, figs. 6 and 6a
PC PUMUCHIC ANE Fetes NN ITAG ITO NIN)! So one ney facsvaraveue 2. bateue eelenere lee wiereye cc's ctoks vane 105
Femaicha winnciaensts: (Walcott)... 0 ose. abe ale vse wee cece bes 106
CATON ICU SDECIOS,, 0 ants Sn Pied x oe ve eee o's 105, pl. 10, figs. 7 and 7a
PRECAST Cea AVAL COLE i icda circ cre krerera << iesalotorns & steiner te wlegers or 104, 105
Pee E BORIC Sa. 8 iat Ete wie dls eo vidbilens «eek ens 106, pl. to, fig. 8
130 SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS «VOL. 53
Page
Bophyton sandstone, Sweden, fossils: imv%..o..,00 5 0s «as oaanlo see Eee 55
escasont, see Obolus (Westonia).
BssexsCounty; New York, fdssils inl. si, c.0ae sess oe + 5 eee ee 72
Btheridpe, Dr. R.,. Jr. mentioned. > vc. ...s«c0n 5 eee eee 110
etheridgei, see Huenella.
euglyphus, see Obolus (Westona).
Emobalses WG Wate 3 isie isc, cee a woke s cae ohio se heh ee 70.
excelsis, see Trematobolus.
feistmanteli, cee Obolus.
ferruginea, see Lingulella.
festinata, see Nisusia.
finlandensis, see Obolus (Westonia).
Fish Spring Range) Utah, fossils vty cies. saccu soe cain so pe ee 04
fissicosta, see Orthis.
Flat‘River, Missoni, fossils Of: ccs ewes cere « o.oo os ee eee 71
(Fordinia), new stbeenus: of -Obolus osr.5 actin deeds vot on oes ee 64, 07
Garhieldt Peak Wyoming fosstlsuony soscn< cea occ: © eae ee 67
Geneva; Utah fossillstinearcy 3, .< see scuckesocio oe oe oe cele eee 69°
gilberti, see Obolus (Fordinia).
girtyi, see Linnarssonella.
Glossina acuminata: [Hall and Clarke)... 3.5... 52°. 0. de ts ae TE
GordoniCreeks Montana) fOSstls}Onle-.ciis ccevsireles « cos Cea ae eee IOI
granulata, see Acrothele (Redlichella) and Botsfordia.
Hall: James: mentioned’. Qaeacsaah 6 he siete os Abe Cee III
harlanensis, see Wimanella.
hastingsensis, see Eoorthis.
Hawkins: County. Vennessec, fossils ink. oo. 6. sca . oc «Scie ee 96, 108
Hayden, (Pe Wee omentioned..%....a< sep essliee so caistos © aa 6 eee ae 56
haydeni, see Micromitra.
helena, see Alvertella.
Helena wAllabamoarxstossilsineat. cane eek cmtenacets «eee ac Oe 60, 63, 100
highlandensis, see Billingsella.
Holland: Dra El mmentioned tose. 's snake once cm 6 nee sele eee oe 74
Homer; ‘Oklahoma, fossils nears. 2. so. jcsiece stint oe elo le eee 07
House Range, Utah, fossils in......... 63, 65, 67, 69, 77, OI, 92, 94, 95, 106, 109:
Hoyningen-Eluene, Dr F.von) mentioned. ...4 ..52-. a. se eeee eee 10
RUM eMeU a WE Ware EMIS, «.cdeg Akers eh Ne AIG Coie reeset OTE el een 109, IIO, III
abnormus \GWialecott): ase. spin Sete oalttaieul.e tle anus eee eee 108
etheridge, New SPecieS|.....+.+-.+.deee sca. 109, pl. 10, figs. 13 and 13a
leslenmanew. Species artisan tee ake ce ae ae 110, pl. 10, figs. 12 and 12a
LaGONDaAGNWVial Cott) \.ccthcksien tras ohio Oe bei ek ano ns eee 108, I10:
idahoensis, see Acrotreta.
insignis, see Trematobolus.
InyouCounty sGalitornia, tossilsitin.. (c-cne ccc os ee eee 81, 99
inyoensis, see Wimanella.
(I[phidella) Walcott, subgenus of Micromitra.....5.....0.cceeccewsceees 56
Iphidellarmatore Walcott. 725.0: fo otctee 0 eo altace kane ae Eee 60
iphis, see Obolus (Westonia).
Italicssexplanation: ot min: localities 7... vsccs MEWESDOCIESE Noss rls Mitunecteies eke eastern Dei fone 56, 57, 50, Dl. 7, mee
ornatella \(zinnarssoim)\ a. as n kee ok ok eee oe ee ee ee eee 57
DOMN UIE SENVMIGE) emer tciets teh ave eos ete rete nice eee 50, 57, 50; 506s
pannula maladenstis (CW alcott) ..0.. des os we woe) oe oe 56
CPatering MBEECHER si tonclsseei et tose cise oui te Le 58
Crentsima CWalcott) sks aie oe cee te dana Si RE Cee 58
iabrogoricat (CBMMNGES YO 2. ¢sntcdsronats en Sms Gees OA eae aa oe 57, 59
labradorica tiiahensis’ GWalcott)’: onc. 0c... os 5. seen ee 58
Lo game (CWalCOtt). . cesses poles ete Roma bo ie sls ar ae ee 58
MaTOr: AWialCOtte es ak fe nok Fe ac eat eee el aetna 60, 63, I00
prospectensis.\(Wealcott): 5: Sei an oe siete amiae class cae eee 50
siissingensts (Dwight) :.....0...08 Pree altar atte eta ee 59, 102
SHMONI, ME WASMECTCS 4 sah aa tte tet ane ore tintin 58, pl. 7, figs. 8, and 8a
Superba sCWalcotey ac aoe nc he cieatenis vee si nace coe een ak a ee 58, 60
WAPLUMNEWeSMEClESce ace cata eva ise eischere OSE 59, 61, pl..7, fig. 6
WMO MEWRSDECIESe ke instiae a ne ereisiens cia ol cteten ae: 60, 63, 100, pl. 7, fig. 7
minimus, see Obolus.
minuta, see Linnarssonella.
Miquel). Mi. Je “mentioned s:. 0/s22 cas nh ca. oceans Rane ek Se ee 84
modesta, see Linnarssonella.
monilifera, see Mickwitzia.
Montagne Noire,. France: fossils: iff, i455... ss oko «sah Dees ee 84
montanensis, see Polytoechia.
Montevallovshale-labamear tossilssine esc see rie eee eee 60, 63, 100
CAMBRIAN BRACHIOPODA—WALCOTT 133
Page
SEPM GG CEE ROANOLSOSSIIS DIGAN. 6. .ccleleius be nse Gb Au ve cae cece vse ceecasesess 97
Mount Bosworth, British Columbia, fossils on.............. 59, 61, 62, 98, IOI
Mount-Stephen, British Columbia, fossils-on:................00. 080005 98, 102
Prout yte MLIbertaeATOSSIIS (Offs eee sks cee keke weet eee heeds. 62
Mount Whyte formation, British Columbia, fossils in........... 50, 62, 98, IOI
PeuhiaitipeCAScachiSetiss mOSGHG At... cee eco acce etek swiss leds sss eedeles 88
Nahant limestones Massachusetts, fossils in..c. 000. cle cease cco as ces 8&8
nautes, see Nisusia (Jamesella).
neboensis, see Acrotreta.
ree an ramp ATMO t AIG |e ik helene cles pelos ae case dai sihcaseeveauelee ok:
WWE SIR SES schser pohels deer thos GASIE CREE it CREO ER SIC ERRORS AI CRSP 74, 75, 72-76
RIEU RTA CEIIERE HocR tl ad crests celaoteieteiien aS oa cutis oils ets ead tis wk As
newberryi, see Eoorthis.
(DT asa gdi: NAVAN OLGe Gots: Secure 6, 0 Oa UNCORRECTED ORO IO SCAA tenner ae 97, 98
ADE MECN AN VILCOL) Mm teeta terre, ceteris, Sis ee ation areuehe es dition evs oe tesla es 07
SHEP ELMA CES UNITS) betansy skates: Cara sic «wih taker shel ae eee chee oes cove ae oe wees 97, 98
TAPS MEW SPECIES Sais e vee 2) sts Veta circles ool we 97, pl. 9, figs. 13 and 13a
LOT THOSEHEN, NNIEN EO tr & oi tieied ches Bree picgPRO Coco ROR aero cen aes oie 07
PM TUCH STS MME W WS DECCICSHA ca) cacicleeladan sence eran oe pele stoke ens 97
hietf, AMEN GR ARDS Sh ne Bt oo SAD OIE Oat Sn ore ae 098, pl. 9, fig. 14
PUENe Sam GN VeGOE ED) grat eitee see aes ake Ficleratelass die eo a See wreeie ayes a beeen the 106
nitens, see Linnarssonella.
notchensis, see Obolus (Westonia).
Mmtehiveelestorinamon= OW tal, LOSSIUS I: . fede cesses cede ces seb ae esas 63
nundina, see Syntrophia.
nyssa, see Micromitra (Iphidella).
climes han Glslalllli) ame eeea acl the Vaal cs Retend d.cbere tenet slate als vd epee steno vies 79
MapILeS TEMG IR rats GN SS an ae ee ee 61, 64, 65, 66, 73, 74, 76, 79
Sera EPR SABES Leino A AAA tors chang) Ap arch ches abated Biow’e Ge Ae wedste eee s 73
Miscoineusn Ohlalleand WWihhtttield)) Oe rare theirs «an -ie ateesrcie ae bok se le ee ae 64
NOMS OHEC 1a MO AEGATICES) © one Ne ottachs sete seduces eis ciel add ates sw bee Ot
OAD GHIA EN UCI) pte ¥etettste ct aie ash ctatoue en eevacerelecatet weve lafasete ates seal veh other Sas 63
MeEMDrAaNACEOUsS, MEW SPECICS.........0 202 ceceeccceees or, pl. 7, fie. 11
MAME Vell tibt han fr Adak: eo oe SRN eae re va ides eo Fas’ 61, 62
POPUUS= MEWISPECIEST ack is oxic 5 «0 0s Dee hee ween 61, pl. 7, figs. Io and 10a
ee rf MOET AACN td Aa sich SSR Oe ed oe Os SA ce AN ohne wee 70
SMAtht, NEW SPECIES. 2... nse si esse ve cicw ss 60, 62, 100, pl. 7, figs. 9 and oa
PEROMCIESESMNV AICO Le fats c cieus er tet e oe nee ye eee 63, 64
FELON IST SINE CMTE We VATIECUYiere merece acres chckeeit oatsracresire es ele aeae 63
BS TULISE A OOMET EOD) RetcitO RD IDE bbcode nine Dione on Morten aan ea or id ase 63
ORIEN ME WAS PECIESH scorns wa Sate ceniencten ete levees « 63, 64, pl. 7, fig. 17
RiME OAPI td) PSILIChh 1 ( LIGIN) toe ecu cn dee eatin a etiee oe) Ose ede wd wes 5
MORAINE WEN, SUDEENUS. < iic'sx dctexwte alco ances oie du Neelkon suet 64, 67
ere TY AICOEE) Juin nos th enteaicds tuis ba terae a ee weve tae 64, 65, 66, 67
MOCKED ATIC W: SPECLES)... sternls.chalccies «tie elle oe 65, 66, 67, pl. 7, figs. 15 and 15a
BERLE CUTS TIEW SUEGIESE . ti) a ciecaraie is esters, orale toler Sraetereion 64, 65, 66, pl. 7, fig. 16
Ciisewouiseiiay. New SUDPANUS: .i i iccad. nese vees ose a te de ewes o6 cee’ 70
PSOne fe WMC WIEE | Fo oS ose welts vat Oe Be pew Wes Ge cde bs cede e ey 75
OMB MMIC TINY AICOLE |) 5 kbc. Gane Ho's aiece ae ORs ces ou teie'y a ele ierea wee 70
(Wi estoma): Walcott: ..:...: 0%. « = Rue. 6B orind URE cy tei Ooo ee Rea an 67
134 SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS VOL. 53
Page
botinica (Wamian): os dGcdts cua Sere s coe 6 eee eee 68
dartont, Hew SPECIES. =. oo... ein warn «sia eee eee 67, pl. 7, fig, 3a
Dimi Gslenilecnarel NisrigantlaW aga ho ccoucomucet occ saben soe a aed ge ree 67, 69
ellaonaguiensis, NEW Vatletys...cec. wee eaeiot ee «ie en eee 67
elongatiis NEW SpeCies fn.i0.tirwAnwien leit MeO eee 68, pki-7, fige re
escasons® (Matthew )¥ ccc. cic cicjiec Once veetttns etaieikee kh boa ee 64
euglyphussGWaleott) , 2% <5-m)+2 2s ens @aisinslhtes bre eee 67
fAnlandensis) (Walcott) 2.00.7). dais 0 aiesctess toe dea eve eS ee 68, 69
aphis Walcott so. 5 Medinek one Oeba akae ode ape Sle eer 69
NOtCHEMSES; NEWy SPECIES. Sas as Aas con hes eetas Mie eee 69,,pl.. jee
stoneanus (CWhithield) . .icac jac c0s . canerejo cls bonkers 2 le Aen 69
qasatchensis Mew SPECIES. cus vssica.. caeich arse oor 69, pl. 8, figs. 1 and ta
occidens, see Mickwitzta.
OLenelinas rae. ers es ee SER = coe oe €o, 63, 81, 86, 87
etibertt Week soc tee sco hosts eek eden soe tee Ree ae eee 86
Olenellus: kgerulf. zone, fossils iis oi asn0 scico ose oe eee aes Cee 83
Onaqui Ranges Utah; fossils) imi. scc3 0.42 San ost ee cee ee 68
ophirensis, see Acrotreta.
ophirensis descendens, see Acrotreta.
ornatella, see Micromitra (Iphidella).
Orr formation; Utah tossilss im.tv. os, ose cheeses aie once ae Eee eee QI, 92
Onis Weallamennt 7 chy os eis Ses p ates wh Ree ev Sues eae eo a Le eee 102, 103, 104
equivalots alli: ssa i ee Seta he Sieei oS eels Sines ae 103
callactts: Dalman® so0s te eas a hs ee eke Soe eee eee 102
CONN AV OMMG Asis, CARS a eek Bie NUS Dapeus bs Suna eee 103
fssicosta. Elall . wash ince Bien is ate sw ele en ee 103
Parest Eval sh. oss. cues scare over eye ts eyes ek saspeedeye isis slo bees eae oe 103
Bieeebell Gy o050 eas PASS GRO cs Berets 8 hiersidl a Sa AO Ca 103
remnicha* Winchell 2255. crrecd «ole eysoieiss ieee bees 1a ete: tee ee 103, 104
SIWUBID, onic beta Eh cn dat oleh ote nieleeiee sf aes Ue aa 103
SUBQUGAOLGED “or ys, Ssevatetei ee, Hecous eae levers hy sm ae Ee ee 103
THACEMAPIG 250) ee eas OW ORe Be te OR ook BOR te he 102
triplicatella Meek) 2 2c. cK este o kre POET ne ee ee 103
(ot Orthisina), sp.,.Fitheridgé:. ccc. dncpen. Se 0's'-n oe eee Er 109
(Dalmanella) parody 255 fH oh eon os «sts cee eee 104
CPlectorthis y Walcotitt-a cv aniscle once don ane oe Bere ee 102
Ovando quadrangle, Montana, fossils in... .........%.¢s0ssep-aes eee 57
pannula, see Micromitra (Iphidella).
pannula maladensis, see Micromitra (Iphidella).
PAP GD OXIDES Ae Oo eee a Eee Sa CURT OU AERC 89, 104
Paradoxides zone, fossil “msi eisecsa ears Oo 5 cesascs eee ee 78, 104
parva, see Orthis (Dalmanella).
parvus, see Dicellomus and Obolus.
(Paterina) Beecher, subgenus of Micromitra..... 2.0.0.0... ce cee eet e eee 58
pealei, see Micromitra.
perfectus, see Obolus (Fordinia).
Pioche, Nevada, tossils near: sacs « vin is, doe nae ee dee Onkiaeeeep eee 86, 87
Pioche formation, Nevada: fossils in). 2.0. .\..5 0 see eicieinnelsl olotel oreeeneene 86, 87
Plectorthis [Grabaw atid Shimer]... ... sec... 000 dcee ek oer e cmeeenen 102
Hall “and s@latke ss icec er wasis claret ak rh ots perest DAE ena 102, 103, 104
plicatella, see Billingsella and Orthis.
CAMBRIAN BRACHIOPODA—WALCOYT 135
Page
iPr reat uence, FOSSIUS ab... cde coc ce whew hee bck eR cev ieee bee ee 85
politus, see Dicellomus.
Ramm Ger eme toma lA DICE | nats) ole) Veils oe ae Ra VAR cle eee RS OS Et TIO
CUAPOTUEIICHSIST Viel COUCH rate eters aie! sie sis eitge AS elefafetslcio-e aisle bie iets ace @emiewS 110
pretiosa, see Mickwitzia.
prima costata, see Acrothele.
primaeva, see Acrotreta.
primordialis, see Syntrophia.
pristinus, see Trematobolus.
prolificus, see Dicellomus.
prospectensis, see Micromitra (Paterina).
LATLC RIMS MOMLES INVALCOLEAR aie cents chunk eae aaa han atick ie neae lees 106
RM AEG TPP Se a ofan eRe ees Fes oa NES ate ohh CE Eee 102
pulchra, see Botsfordia.
quadrilineata, see Acrothele.
rara, see Nisusia.
Reacanviornnation, Oklahoma, fossils it, 5... ele desi ds cen a ee ee le 97
(ieeanchelia), new subeenus Of Acrothele..........i0006 ei ee ees 89, 90
remnicha, see Eoorthis and Orthis.
remnicha winfeldensis, see Eoorthis.
RAMA ede NIG VY VO SSIS) Call ietenanctsiove-cew Stars al ayate es arate ave wbdiets jaertte Gee wee eee 83
eesievite sale, bemnessee, fossils in. 00.0. 6054.0 eed. eee ewe SORES 06
rotundata, see Syntrophia.
rudis, see Acrotreta.
LEC IGR EMG Gals gic WUBI) Te: ean RO ec HEARS MICE ead ec a an a 79
sagittalis, see Acrotreta.
Sienagles torimanon, Vdaho; fOSsilS 1, oe. ... ak ces cnc sswa ates en's 64, 105, I10
salemensis, see Billingsella.
salteri, see Obolus (Broéggeria).
Menorca county, New MOGs, LOSSIISMl. "oo .c05 cele os cle we a deena 72
Hcilelmercek RaneewNevadad, TOSSIISAM: ¢ocleccds se Qae Mhavlickes Cokeaaiess 56
ait VERN CULE OL tamren ee Toth Fas ego meester Tie a hay ictams ao Peale latadatweh awe Gt 80
Ser Seem mmveniil Ome has Maisie evscshecelabaiss dete wicks vib sloiee ceri al es ole Reale 5 85
Sian, (MINER RRR aks cet pects OREO Oe eo Ee ens er ee coe a eee 70
Seimei MAG. TECMLIMIE MD , - in swe Soca woven ss Cb betan easy dees ou dor 75
sculptilis, see Micromitra.
sculptilis endlichi, see Micromutra.
PLiaanatn ores Gli ti lekOSGUl Sa itinei anes akss x: ocsie Kista hw ejeiininve sine 0 ele cress Sika ere Slevae ae ve 80, 81
Rempanum “GMatthew,) .....:0 edisnd oe 5. bs cee kare ee eee 80, 81
pristinus (Matthew) aicccdisiin.o asthe da dig tace Pek Bon SOS ee 8I
tricenaria, see Orthis.
Pra mber ela UnGStrOMe « << shaccials ace a ae bysca W 30) alas bs, oe IO oe ee 74
Vin CUlOUd GSW an actrees © aisle ake hay Gee “ol n.corle we tenal atts Ae 75
Prmenelide ae) coe Mem iss cea ch eaadia ba tor an ne ee Siaee 73
triplicatella, see Orthis.
turneri, see Acrothele.
ulrichi, see Acrotreta.
unxia, see Syntrophia.
urania, see Linnarssonella.
Wtertorniatro nota hOSSust die mics esc shee oes ele eices sarees a me 58, 97, 106, 107
Walcott,:C. D., previous papers. on the Brachiopoda..... 2.00... fee 53
qwapta, see Micromitra (Paterina).
qwarthi, see Neobolus.
Wasatch Canyon,,; Utah, fossils an... SEG eREe EP GRE cP tar | ae PE ce 154
INTRODUCTION
My study of the Cambrian Brachiopoda has advanced so far that
it is decided to publish, in advance of the monograph,” a brief out-
line of the classification, accompanied by (a) a schematic diagram
of evolution and scheme of classification; (b) a note, with a diagram,
on the development in Cambrian time; (c) a note on the structural
characters of the shell, as this profoundly affects the classification ;
and (d) a section on the terminology used in the monograph. The
monograph, illustrated by 104 quarto plates and numerous text fig-
ures, should be ready for distribution in the year 1909.
SCHEMATIC DIAGRAM OF EVOLUTION
In order to formulate, as far as possible, in a graphic manner a
conception of the evolution and lines of descent of the Cambrian
Brachiopoda, a schematic diagram (see plate 11) has been prepared
for reference. It is necessarily tentative and incomplete, but it will
serve to point out my present conceptions of the lines of evolution of
the various genera, and it shows clearly the very rapid development
of the primitive Atrematous genera in early Cambrian time.
1 Published by permission of the Director of the U. S. Geological Survey.
* Monograph LI, U. S. Geological Survey.
139
VOL. 53
SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS
140
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SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS
VOL. 64, PL. 11
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Fic. 2. Billingsella plicatella Walcott [1905, p. 240]. Upper Cambrian, Gal-
latin Valley, Montana.
Diagrammatic sketch of a small portion of a tangential section, X
200. The granular ground-mass, with small pores and tubules 4 or
5 times their own diameter distant from each other, is also typical
of other members of the Billingsellidz.
Fic. 3. Dalmanella subequata (Conrad) [1843, p. 333]. Ordovician (Stones
River), St. Paul, Minnesota.
Photograph of a tangential section, X 35, showing the fibrous struc-
ture and comparatively large pores.
Fic. 4. Kutorgina cingulata (Billings) [1861, p. 8]. Lower Cambrian, Swan-
ton, Vermont.
A small portion of the tangential section figured on Plate 12, fig. 4,
X 200. The minute structure of this and the following species is
essentially the same as that shown in fig. 1, the only difference be-
ing the closer arrangement of the pores.
Fic. 5. Obolus apollinis Eichwald [1829, p. 274]. Upper Cambrian Obolus
sandstone, Esthonia, Russia.
Small portion of tangential section X 200. The minutely porous
granular structure is beautifully shown in this species, in which the
pores are arranged more closely than in any other observed.
The general resemblance of the Cambrian eoorthoids to certain
Ordovician Protremata is so striking and the lines of descent so
suggestive that particular attention was devoted to this group, and
the examination brought out the fact that this apparent relationship
disappears when the shell structure of the two groups is compared.
Sections of the shells of members of the Billingsellide, of which
152 SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS VOL. 53
figure 2 is typical, all show a lamellar structure with indications of
more or less numerous and scattered, very minute pores or tubules.
passing without interruption through one lamella. In some sections
the spots indicating the tubules are arranged in rows radiating from
the beak of the shell to the margins, but no other regular arrange-
ment can be seen. ‘The great mass of the shell is made up of a com-
pact, finely granular base with dark spots and occasional minute
crystals of calcite—a ground-mass which, under the microscope,
appears very much like that of a fine argillaceous shale.
The Ordovician Protremata have a clearer, more crystalline aspect
or color than the Cambrian Billingsellida—a difference which prob-
ably indicates either a purer lime composition for the former or
more probably a higher percentage of calcium phosphate for the
latter. In chemical aspect the shells of the Billingsellidee appear to
resemble those of the Atremata and Neotremata more closely than
do the Orthide. Analyses of the respective shells would be neces-
sary to prove these relations, but to note them is interesting in view
of the possible derivation of the Billingsellide from the Atremata.
In the Cambrian articulate genera, with the possible exception of
Syntrophia and Huenella, there is an entire absence of the minute,
fibrous structure so characteristic of most, if not all, orthoids. But
these two representatives of the Pentameracea greatly resemble each
other. ‘Thus sections of the shell of Huenella abnormis (Walcott)
of the Upper Cambrian (see pl. 12, fig. 9) and Syntrophia lateralis
(Whitfield) of the Lower Ordovician (see pl. 12, fig. 7) show the
same radial arrangement of the pores seen in the Billingsellide,
but the shell structure is fibrous and the rows are coincident in direc-
tion with the fibers. Upon closer study this apparent fibrous struc-
ture can be resolved into more or less parallel bands or walls of shell
substance separating rows of closely arranged, rectangular, pore-like
spaces. ‘These spaces may be seen distinctly in thick sections, but
when the section is made sufficiently thin to give a clear image under
very high power, the pore structure disappears.
Sections of the linguloid genera were also prepared and studied,
but the thinness of the shells and their phosphatic character prevented
very satisfactory results. The irregular large tubules mentioned by
Dr. Mickwitz [1896] are beautifully shown in the sections of Obolus
apollinis before me. Some of the tubules penetrate several lamellz
of the shell and suggest the tubules of some of the orthoids. (See
figures 11 and 12, pl. 12.) ‘The same general structure, with the
exception of the larger tubules, appears to be characteristic of all of
CLASSIFICATION CAMBRIAN BRACHIOPODA—WALCOTT 153
the corneous shells of the Atremata and Neotremata, and, as far as
known to me, all of the Cambrian corneous shells are of this type.
The figures on the accompanying plate, with the exception of
figures I1 and 12, are from photographs which have not been re-
touched. Unfortunately higher magnifications could not be used
without a loss of clearness; but, even at the present magnification,
these views show a decided difference in structure.
In conclusion, it appears that the Cambrian Billingsellide are
further removed from the Ordovician and later Protremata than
hitherto suspected, the microscopic shell structure in the former
being of granular material pierced by small pores and in the latter of
fibrous material. On the other hand, the microscopic structure of
the Cambrian and later Pentameracea is so similar that an unbroken
line of descent is indicated.
TERMINOLOGY RELATING TO THE SHELL
The definitions given in the following pages are largely those of
Schuchert [1897, pp. 73-75], with the exception of the muscle scars
of the inarticulate brachiopods. For the Atremata and Neotremata
the terminology proposed by Professor William King [1873, pp. 5, 6]
is adopted, and for the Protremata that used by Messrs. Hall and
Clarke [1892, pp. 183-188] and given under the terminology of
Schuchert [1897, pp. 73-77]. I agree with Messrs. Hall and Clarke
that Professor King’s terminology has claims for its adoption, owing
to its simplicity. Dr. F. Blochmann has proposed [1900, p. 108] a
set of terms for the muscles of the inarticulate brachiopods that has
much to commend it. The terminology of Mr. Albany Hancock
[1859, p. 800] has been extensively used by authors. The numbers
below correspond to the numbers given the terminology of King,
Schuchert, and Blochmann.
Hancock, 1859
Inarticulates Articulates
1. Anterior occlusors. 1. Anterior occlusors.
2. Posterior occlusors. 2. Posterior occlusors.
3. Divaricator. 3. Accessory divaricators.
4. Central adjustors. 4. (
ntral adjustors.
5. External adjustors. a vet clea
6. Posterior adjustors. 6. Dorsal adjustors.
7. Peduncular. 7. Peduncular.
2—W
154. SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS VOL. 53
KING, 1873 SCHUCHERT, 1897
1. Anterior laterals. I. Retractors.
2. Centrals. 2. Adductors.
3. Umbonal. 3. Pedicle.
4. 'Transmedians. 4. Rotators.
5. Outside laterals. 5. Protractors (externals).
6. Middle laterals. 6. Protractors (middles).
7
. Diductors.
BLOCHMANN, 1900
. Lateralis.
. Occlusor anterior.
. Occlusor posterior.
. Obliquus internus.
. Obliquus externus.
. Obliquus medius.
Au BW N A
DEFINITIONS
Appuctor Muscires.—(See Central muscles.) The term adductor
is used for the central muscles of the Protremata.
ANTERIOR LATERAL (RETRACTOR) Muscies.—In the Atremata
these extend from the outer lateral margins of the visceral area
in the ventral valve to its anterior extremity in the dorsal valve and
serve to readjust the dorsal shell.
ANTERIOR ReEcIon.—That portion of the shell in front of the
transverse axis and opposite the pedicle opening.
ApEex.—The place of initial shell growth. It may be the most
posterior portion of the valve or it may be situated near the trans-
verse axis.
Arica, CaLLosity.—The thickened boss at the inner side of the
apex of the ventral valve of Acrotreta and other Neotrematous
genera through which the pedicle tube or foramen passes.
AREA.—See Cardinal area.
ARTICULATE BRACHIOPpODA.—In the orders Protremata and Telo-
tremata the valves articulate by means of teeth and sockets. In
some Atremata rudimentary articulation is also developed.
ATREMATA.—Primitive inarticulate, calcareo-phosphatic or cor-
neous brachiopods with the pedicle emerging more or less freely
between the two valves. (For a more detailed description see page
142.)
3RACHIA.—The fleshy, coiled or spiral, ciliated appendages of
brachiopods serving in water circulation and respiration.
BracHioceLéE.—AIl of the anterior half of the valves outside of
the anterior portion of the parietal band. (After King.)
CLASSIFICATION CAMBRIAN BRACHIOPODA—WALCOTT 155
CARDINAL AREA.—A more or less well-developed triangular area
on each side of the delthyrium, distinctly set off from the general
surface of the shell. It is best developed on the ventral valve of
articulate brachiopods, but is also present on the dorsal valve, and
generally in a rudimentary condition in many inarticulate species.
When the area is rudimentary it is often called a false or pseudo-
area. The area of some of the inarticulate genera is frequently
divided by a line between the delthyrium and the outer margin. In
such areas the line is called the flexure line, owing to the slight inter-
ruption in the striz of growth, and the spaces separated by the flex-
ure line are called the inner and outer lateral spaces of the area.
(See Deltidium and Foramen. )
CARDINAL EXTREMITIES.—The terminations of the hinge line.
CARDINAL Muscie Scar—A large scar within which the pos-
terior and anterior lateral and transmedian muscle scars were at-
tached.
CARDINAL ProcEss.—A variously modified apophysis, situated pos-
teriorly at the center of the hinge of the dorsal valve in articulate
brachiopoda. To it are attached the diductor muscles, which by
their contraction serve to open the valves anteriorly.
CarDINAL SLopEs.—The inclined surfaces extending from the
-umbonal slopes to the hinge margins.
CENTRAL (Appuctor) Muscies.—In the Protremata and Telo-
tremata these muscles have their ventral insertion one on either side
of the central axis, between the diductors. In passing to the dorsal
valve they divide into four and produce in that shell the two pairs of
principal scars known as the anterior and posterior centrals. By
contraction these muscles close the shell. In the Neotremata they
are the essential muscles, the anterior centrals closing the valves,
while the posterior pair serves to open the valves. In the Atremata
there is a simple pair of centrals placed near the anterior extremity
of the visceral area.
CuiLipluM.—A dorsal plate, in appearance similar to the del-
tidium, covering the exterior portion of the cardinal process in many
Protremata. Its development does not begin until early neanic or
later growth and it is probably secreted by the dorsal mantle lobe.
In the Atremata and Neotremata there is a similar plate continuous
with the dorsal cardinal region of the shell, and it is named the
pseudochilidium.
Crura.—Processes on the dorsal hinge plate of the Telotremata
and some Protremata, to which are attached the fleshy brachia and
brachidia. These usually form the inner walls of the dental sockets
and may be supported by septal plates.
150 SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS VOL. 53
CruRALIUM.—The dorsal equivalent of the ventral spondylium.
DELTHYRIUM.—The triangular aperture transecting medially the
ventral cardinal area, or the posterior surface from the apex to the
posterior margin of the ventral valve, through some portion of
which the pedicle passes. It has also been termed the fissure or
foramen. ‘The delthyrium may or may not be closed either by a
calcareous deltidium or a phosphatic pseudodeltidium.
De_tip1um.—A plate more or less continuous with the cardinal
margin on the ventral valve covering the delthyrium in Atremata,
Neotremata, and Protremata. When present in inarticulate brach-
iopods it is called the pseudodeltidium, and in the Protremata, where
it is always more calcareous, thicker, and more sharply defined, the
deltidium and pseudochilidium.
DENTAL PLATES.—Vertical plates supporting the teeth of the ven-
tral valve in articulate brachiopods.
DENTAL SocKETS.—Excavations in the dorsal cardinal margin of
articulate brachiopods in which the teeth of the ventral valve articu-
late. ‘The inner wall of the socket is elevated and forms the base of
the crural plate.
Dipuctor Muscirs.—In the Protremata and Telotremata the
principal pair of diductor muscles has the larger end attached to the
ventral valve near the anterior edge of the visceral area, while the.
other end has its insertion on the anterior portion of the cardinal
process. By contraction these muscles open the valves.
Dorsal, VALVE.—Usually the smaller and imperforate valve and
the one to which the brachia are always attached. Brachial, hemal,
socket, and entering valves are other terms more rarely employed.
EpHEBIC.—Designating the mature shell.
Fats—E AREA.—See Cardinal area.
FLEXURE Ling.—See Cardinal area.
ForAMEN.—A small circular passage through the deltidium, either
below or at the apex of the ventral valve. Sometimes the foramen
encroaches by pedicle abrasion upon the umbo of the ventral valve.
ForAMINAL ‘Tuse.—The pedicle opening through the ventral
valve of Neotrematous genera.
Genital Marxrncs.—Radial markings or pits within the pos-
terior portion of the visceral space, indicating the position and ex-
tent of the genitals.
Grronvtic.—Designating old age. It is indicated in the ontogeny
of many species of brachiopods by extreme thickness of the valves,
obesity, or by numerous, crowded growth lines near the anterior
margin—a condition which sometimes produces truncation and ab-
sence of striz at the margin.
CLASSIFICATION CAMBRIAN BRACHIOPODA—WALCOTT 157
HEART-SHAPED CAvity.—Central depressed portion of visceral
area (Mickwitz).
Hince Line.—The line along which articulation takes place; also
sometimes developed among inarticulate brachiopoda.
INARTICULATE BrAcHIoPpoDA.—In the orders Atremata and Neo-
tremata the valves do not, as a rule, articulate by means of teeth
and sockets, as is the case in the articulate orders Protremata and
Telotremata.
LATERAL AREAS.—That portion of the shell on each side of the
longitudinal axis.
ListriuM.—In some Neotremata a plate closing the progressive
track of the pedicle opening or pedicle cleft, posterior to the apex of
the ventral valve.
LONGITUDINAL Axis.—A median line through the shell from the
beak to the anterior margin.
MeEpDIAN SEPTUM.—An internal vertical plate commonly developed
along the longitudinal axis and between the muscles of the ventral
valve. Sometimes there is also a dorsal median septum. Lateral
septa are rarely developed.
Mippieé LATERAL MuscLe Scar.—See Outside lateral.
Neanic.—Designating youthfulness, or the stage in which specific
characters begin to develop.
NEoTREMATA.—Circular or oval, more or less cone-shaped, inar-
ticulate calcareo-phosphatic brachiopods with the pedicle opening
restricted throughout life to the ventral valve. (For a more de-
tailed description see page 145.)
NeEpionic.—Designating the smooth shell stage succeeding the
protegulum.
OuTsIDE AND Mippié LATERAL (Protractor) Muscrirs.—In the
Obolidz one pair has the ventral ends fastened at the anterior ex-
tremity of the visceral area, extending backward and inserted near
the lateral margin of the dorsal valve, outside the transmedians. A
second pair originates just behind the centrals of the ventral valve
and is inserted posterior to the first pair. ‘These muscles draw the
dorsal valve forward.
PaRiETAL BAND.—The point of attachment of the muscular wall
‘surrounding the visceral area.
PrepicLE.—The flexible muscular organ of the ventral valve by
means of which brachiopods may be attached to extraneous objects.
PEpICLE Furrow.—The external furrow adjoining the foramen
or pedicle opening in certain Neotrematous genera.
158 SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS VOL. 53
PrepicLe Groove.—The median groove on the cardinal areas of the
valves formed by the pedicle extending through the posterior mar-
gin of the valves when they were closed.
PepicLe Muscires.—In the Protremata and Telotremata one pair
originates on the ventral valve at points just outside and behind the
diductors, and another on the dorsal valve behind the posterior
centrals, while the opposite ends of both are attached to the pedicle.
Besides these, there is an unpaired muscle lying at the base of the
pedicle, attaching it closely to the ventral valve.
PEDICLE OPENING.—See Delthyrium.
PrpicLeé Tusr.—See Foraminal tube.
PLATFORM.—An internal median thickening of the shell elevating
the muscles. Seen in certain families of the Atremata and more
rarely in the Neotremata. (See Spondylium.)
PLEUROCG&LES.—Areas between the parietal band and the outer
postero-lateral margins. (After King.)
PosrEeRIoR Recion.—That portion of the shell back of the trans-
verse axis and toward the beak, or apex.
ProrEGuLUM.—The initial shell of brachiopoda. It is smooth and
of microscopic size, in outline being semicircular or arcuate and
without cardinal areas. Rarely seen in adult shells.
Protractor Muscires.—See Outside and middle lateral muscles.
PROTREMATA.—Articulate, calcareous brachiopods, with the ped-
icle opening restricted to the ventral valve throughout life or during
early growth. Pedicle aperture modified by the deltidium. Brachia
unsupported by a calcareous skeleton, but nearly always by a more
or less long crura. (For a more detailed description, see page 147. }
PsEUDO-AREA.—See Cardinal area.
PSEUDOCHILIDIUM.—See Chilidium.
PSEUDOCRURALIUM.—Dorsal equivalent of pseudospondylium.
PsEUDODELTIDIUM.—The convex medial portion continuous with
the ventral cardinal areas in Atremata and Neotremata. (See Del-
tidium. )
PSEUDO-PEDICLE GROOVE.—See Pedicle groove.
PsEUDOSPONDYLIUM.—See Spondylium.
Rerractor Musci&s.—See Anterior lateral muscles.
SEPTAL PLATES.—Plates supporting the crural processes; also
known as crural plates.
SESSILE SPONDYLIUM == Pseudospondylium.
SPLANCHNOCGLE.—The area within the parietal band. (After
King. )
CLASSIFICATION CAMBRIAN BRACHIOPODA—WALCOTT 159
SponpyLIuM.—A plate in some articulate brachiopoda, mainly the
Pentameracea, formed by the union of converging dental plates, to
the upper surface of which are attached the adductor, diductor, and
pedicle muscles. The spondylium may rest upon the ventral valve
or may be supported by a median septum. The spondylium appears
to be first indicated in the articulates by a thickening of the shell of
the ventral valve beneath the umbonal region so as to form an area
upon which all the muscles of the valve have their points of attach-
ment. In Billingsella this is beautifully illustrated by B. exrporecta
and B. plicatella. In its development the spondylium is foreshad-
owed in the Atremata by the so-called platform of Fordinia and the
still more primitive form in Obolus. For the purpose of reference,
the rudimentary spondylia attached directly to the inner surface of
the valve, as in Billingsella, may be called pseudospondylia (sessile
spondylia, Ulrich), and those free or supported by a septum or
septa, spondylia. In the Cambrian Atremata the homologous equiv-
alent has been known as the platform. In Obolus, etc., there is
sometimes developed in the dorsal valve a plate similar in appear-
ance to the spondylium, but different in origin and known as the
cruralium.
TrErH—Two processes of the ventral valve of articulate brachio-
poda, serving for articulation.
TRANSMEDIAN (Rotator) Muscies.—In Obolacea these are sit-
uated posteriorly just in advance of the umbonal muscle, two on one
side and one on the other. By their contraction the dorsal valve
turns alternately first in one direction and then in the other.
TRANSVERSE Axis.—A line through the shell from right to left,
midway between the beak and anterior region. (See Longitudinal
axis. )
TRAPEZOIDAL AREA.—The area on each side of the heart-shaped
cavity in Obolus in which the outside and middle lateral scars and
central muscle scars are attached.
Umso.—The elevated or prominent portion of the valve anterior
to the apex.
Umeonat Cavity.—The hollow space in the interior of the shell
beneath the umbo.
Umeponat, Muscr&é&—A single muscle situated in the umbonal
region of most Atremata. By its contraction the valves are opened
anteriorly. In Obolus this muscle divides toward the ventral valve.
Umponat, SLoprs.—The inclined surfaces about the umbo and
opposite the cardinal slopes.
VENTRAL VALVE.— Usually the larger valve situated on the ventral
side of the animal. Among articulate brachiopoda the valve is usu-
160 SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS VOL. 53
ally easily distinguished by the presence of a delthyrium or pedicle
opening through which the pedicle is protruded. In many Atrema-
tous genera the ventral valve is not readily distinguished. When the
shell is cemented to foreign bodies it is always by the ventral valve.
It is usually the larger and deeper of the two valves. Pedicle,
larger, dental, neural, and receiving valves are synonymous terms.
VASCULAR (PALLIAL) SINUSES.—Two convergent or divergent
primary sinuses of the circulatory system, traversing the mantle and
originating in the posterior medial region. They usually have
numerous secondary (lateral and peripheral) branches and both
often leave impressions in the shell.
VISCERAL AREA.—The posterior region of the interior of the
valves between the pallial sinuses; in general, the immediate area of
the median muscle tracks.
VISCERAL Cavity = Visceral area.
CLASSIFICATION CAMBRIAN BRACHIOPODA—-WALCOTT 161
BIBLIOGRAPHY
Breecuer, C. E.
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Bruuincs, E.
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CARPENTER, W. B.
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DAL, Ws EH:
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Davinson, T.
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FIcHWALD, C. E. von,
1829. Zodlogia specialis, quam expositis animalibus tum vivis, tum fos-
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Gray, J. E.
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Hatt, J.
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Hatt, J., and Crarke, J. M.
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Kinc, WM.
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MEEK, F. B.
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DE VERNEUIL, E. P.,
1845. Géologie de la Russie d’Europe, et des Montagnes de l’Oural, by
R. I. Murchison, EF. P. de Verneuil, and A. de Keyserling, II, Pt.
3, 1845, Paleontologie; 4to, Paris.
WAAGEN, W. H.
1885. Memoirs of the Geological Survey of India, Paleontologia Indica,
13th series, Salt Range Fossils, I, Productus Limestone Fossils,
Pt. 4, fas. 5, 1885 (July 2), pp. 729-770, plates LXXXII-LXXXVI.
Warcotr, © D:
1905. Proceedings United States National Museum, XXVIII, 1905 (Feb-
ruary 17), pp. 227-337: Cambrian Brachiopoda, with descriptions
of new genera and species.
CLASSIFICATION CAMBRIAN BRACHIOPODA—WALCOTT 163
WHITFIELD, R. P.
1886. Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History, I, No. 8, 1886
(December 28), pp. 293-345: Notice of Geological Investigations
along the eastern shore of Lake Champlain, with descriptions of
new fossils.
WiIncHELL, N. H.
1886. Fourteenth Annual Report of the Geological and Natural History
Survey of Minnesota for 1885, 1886, pp. 313-318: New Species of
Fossils.
164 SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS VOL. 53
DESCRIPTION OF PLATE 12
Billingsella coloradoensis (Shumard) [1860, p. 627]:
Fic. 1. Photograph of horizontal thin-section enlarged fifty diameters.
This shows the characteristic granular ground-mass of the Cam-
brian Billingsellide. Upper Cambrian, Morgan Creek, Burnet
County, Texas.
Nisusia festinata (Billings) [1861, p. 10]:
Fic. 2. Photograph of horizontal thin-section enlarged ‘fifty diameters.
This section shows a granular ground-mass in which there are
faint indications of small pores or tubule which may be seen
with a high power. Lower Cambrian, 2 miles east of Swanton,
Vermont.
Eoorthis remnicha (N. H. Winchell) [1886, p. 317]:
Fic. 3. Photograph of horizontal thin-section enlarged fifty diameters.
This section shows the same type of ground-mass as that illus-
trated by fig. 2. Upper Cambrian, Cold Creek Canyon, Burnet
County, Texas.
Kutorgina cingulata (Billings) [1861, p. 8]:
Fic. 4.:Photograph of horizontal thin-section showing granular shell sub-
stance. ‘There are few slight indications of pores. Lower
Cambrian, Swanton, Vermont.
Dalmanella multisecta (Meek) [1873, p. 112]:
Fic. 5. Horizontal thin-section enlarged fifty diameters. This shows the
fibrous structure of the shell penetrated by numerous fine
tubules. Ordovician Eden formation, Cincinnati, Ohio.
Dalmanella parva (de Verneuil) [1845, p. 188]:
Fic. 6. Horizontal thin-section showing fibrous structure; also section of
the tubules that penetrate through the shell. Middle Ordovi-
cian of Russia.
Syntrophia lateralis (Whitfield) [1886, p. 303]:
Fic. 7. Horizontal thin-section enlarged fifty diameters, showing the ar-
rangement of the pores in lines that radiate from the apex
toward the margin. Lower Ordovician Cassin limestone, Fort
Cassin, Vermont.
Plectorthis plicatella (Hall) [1847, p. 122]:
Fic. 8. Horizontal thin-section enlarged fifty diameters. This section
shows the fibrous structure so characteristic of the Ordovician
orthoids. Ordovician Lorraine shaly limestones, Cincinnati,
Ohio.
12
PL.
53,
VOL.
SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS
MICROPHOTOGRAPHS OF ROCK SECTIONS
ats eS a a —~
Be s an
CLASSIFICATION CAMBRIAN BRACHIOPODA—WALCOTT I 65
Huenella abnormis (Walcott) [1905, p. 280]:
Fic. 9. Horizontal thin-section enlarged fifty diameters. The pores in
this genus are smaller than in Syntrophia, but their arrange-
ment is essentially the same and shows the line effect char-
acteristic of the Pentameracea. Upper Cambrian, Gallatin Val-
ley, Montana.
Obolella crassa (Hall) [1847, p. 290]:
Fic. 10. Horizontal thin-section enlarged fifty diameters. This shows the
fine granular ground-mass, with an indication in the upper left
side of the section that a surface ornamentation has been cut
across. Lower Cambrian, Bic, Canada.
Obolus apollinis Eichwald [1829, p. 274]:
Fics. 11 and 12. Transverse, vertical thin-section enlarged so to to show
the lamellz and the presence of a large tubule that appears to
have more or less imperfectly penetrated through the shell.
Upper Cambrian Obolus sandstone, Russia,
at
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SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS
PART OF VOLUME LIII
CAMBRIAN
SeLoGyY AND PALEONTOLOGY
No. 5.—CAMBRIAN SECTIONS OF THE
CORDILLERAN AREA
WITH TEN PLATES
BY
CHARLES D. WALCOTT
No. 1812
CITY OF WASHINGTON
PUBLISHED BY THE SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION
DECEMBER 10, 1908
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CAMBRIAN GEOLOGY AND PALEONTOLOGY
No. 5—CAMBRIAN SECTIONS OF THE CORDILLERAN
AREA
By CHARLES D. WALCOTT
(With Tren Pirates)
CoNTENTS
Page
RIMMER REI at fe ote cicitia Foe ea tie tote a le a ares sa ee eee ealee wear vad abans 167
eae ets hes PCE CHIISTE ES CAG eG. cae aaierins wcebiet sd ewes cceeteaadcaies 168
emery ca tN Ee eee toe OY Leg lle chs nyo a, Biel ciate ye) aps’ dha. shovs 6 o)ois # ses ig -ase sien wei sles 173
Pena aptines Section, | CallOria sc sai cas cant oe cleanse so lee sovesv os 185
ee Ge SEI SCCHION,, MUCVAMAL. oo )s siti enis as 2 aici ainda esa at's ev wee deine ses os 188
PeME Ee ORIOPCEIOT Tala cic ace fee ca sla doe in caaaee di scacecaateress 190
earn VeEe SECHO MV LOntatlae cies naclscisie.els tote. siels ale ateiclera’slelste) s1elelsvere.« 200
Moune~ Bosworth section, British Coltumbia... 216. .<.0clccreee wc csiclenans os 204
De EE ee atet Ny. Pinkie os elawin Ot siaiwlsin, aod slmaiejsd Ae neh melee wasn 218
ItGES?. 565.00 6 AB UO HOM ne HOo CRTUOe Oc TRS Ce ne nC e Cerca 221
ILLUSTRATIONS
Plate 13. Map of central portion of House Range, Utah............. 172-173
Plate 14. West face of House Range south of Marjum Pass............ 173
Plate 15. Northeast face of House Range south of Marjum Pass; ridge
east and southeast of Wheeler Amphitheater, House
Acta aed ee kee Peete? -t ciohe acta Sra at hn |
Howell limestone 435 | 133 Thick and thin bedded limesione
Spence shale > <(20/ 6 | Argillaceous shale '
Langston (?) limestone 205 | 62 Bluish gray arenaceous limestone
Garten Pioche shale 125 | 38 Arenaceous shale pee
I
isi
e
=
=
UO Prospect Mountain ace 7 Brown quartzitic sandstone
dstones 375 | 419
7 san
-
° |
~ |
Fic. 6.—House Range Section.
CAMBRIAN CORDILLERAN SECTIONS—WALCOTT 175
NOTCH PEAK FORMATION (continued):
Ia (continued) : Feet
Fauna:
Lingulella isse (Walcott) [1905, p. 330].
Dicellocephalus ? sp. ?
A drift boulder found 2.5 miles from the peak, and on its east-
ern drainage slope, and similar in its lithological appearance
to the gray, arenaceous limestone of this horizon, contained
the following fossils:
Eoorthis coloradoensis (Meek) [1870, p. 425].
Schizambon typicalis Walcott [1884, p. 70].
Agraulos.
Solenopleura.
Illenurus.
Another drift boulder was found near this with slightly differ-
ent fauna.
Crepicephalus.
Ptychoparia.
1b. Shaly, dark gray to bluish gray, arenaceous limestone, with
Small dark-concretions in some layers)... 0.55. 0c ee sense Qo»
No fossils observed.
1c. Gray, siliceous limestone in layers of varying thickness, 4 inches
to 2 feet, banded with dark cherty layers and purer arena-
ceous limestone. ‘The chert takes the form of flattened
nodules and very thin irregular layers. sc..2..0.....00seneeees 340
1d. Shaly and thin-bedded, bluish gray, arenaceous limestone..... 65.
te. Gray, siliceous limestone in layers 2 inches to 2 feet thick. In
the lower part of this limestone, where it is not metamor-
phosed, it is dove-colored and in layers 6 inches to 3 feet
thick. There are occasional occurrences of gray, cherty mat-
ter, as flattened nodules, and thin layers that weather a
RUMI IINSE eae Seer he cae e ol te eie male aidete wbES cece Se a as 355:
Fauna (about 120 to 150 feet from the base) :
Obolus tetonensis leda Walcott [1908d, p. 63].
Fragments of the free cheek of a trilobite.
Total of Notch Peak formation... ....<. *
{4 60+ om
‘
ret ae : se.
Lae ud
ry. ay v=
Peay en Ame ys ‘
Zaps ad eeasarted
$= aa : oh
; wey
a4 ; '
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Y woe
a4
"’
‘ lary sd
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« oa
A’
SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS
Fig. 1. VIEW FROM THE NORTHEAST OF THE EAS
The rounded hills of the foreground are eroded in the Wheeler §
Cambrian limestones of the Weeks, Orr, and Notch Peak formations,
by 285 feet of Ordovician limestone.
MITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS
Fig. 2. PANORAMIC VIEW OF RIDG
Looking across Wheeler Amphitheater, House Range. The Wheeler shale extends to the base ot the low f
e on the slopes of the mountain on the left side of the illustration.
VOL. 68, PL. 15
HOUSE RANGE SOUTH OF MARJUM PASS, UTAH
1 limestone forms the long horizontal cliff, and back of this the
ntinue on up to near the summit of Notch Peak, which is capped
VOL. 53, PL. 15—CONTINUED
=AST OF ANTELOPE SPRINGS
rjum formation to the summit of the ridge. The best known fossil localities in the Marjum formation
VOL. 63, PL. 15
SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS
Fig. 1. VIEW FROM THE NORTHEAST OF THE EASTEMMROFTHE HOUSE RANGE SOUTH OF MARJUM PASS, UTAH
The rounded hills of the foreground are eroded in the Wheeler shi Marjum limestone forms the long horizontal cliff, and back of this the
Cambrian limestones of the Weeks, Orr, and Notch Peak formations, «@@tek continue on up to near the summit of Notch Peak, which is capped
by 285 feet of Ordovician limestone.
SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS VOL, 53, PL, 15 CONTINUED
e base of the 10m”
Looki .
as cron across Wheeler Amphitheater, House Range. The Wheeler shale extends to th
jum formation
lopes of the mountain on the left side of the illustration. ‘
ridge. The best known fossil localities in the M
CAMBRIAN CORDILLERAN SECTIONS—WALCOTT 179
MARJUM FORMATION:
The Marjum formation [Walcott, 1908a, p. I0] is exposed in the cliffs
southeast of Marjum Pass and in the ridge east of Wheeler Amphitheater.
Feet
1a. Gray, more or less thin-bedded limestone that weathers to a
dark lead-gray color and breaks down into angular frag-
ments one-half to 2 inches thick.
Flattened cherty nodules and thin, irregular cherty layers occur
Rime Lavi Lome partes Reds ctu. =, ratoys AG, a A725 eect sanke eens tc nee al ae 6
Fauna:
Obolus (Westonia) ella (Hall and Whitfield) [1877, p. 232].
Ptychoparia (3 species).
Total ‘of ‘Swaseys formation... 18>. +. dk. / ook eee 340
DOME LIMESTONE:
The section of the Dome limestone [Walcott, 1908a, p. 11] is exposed in the
central portion of Dome Canyon and adjoining cliffs. Feet
Massive bedded, cliff-forming, gray, siliceous limestone, with
small specks of calcite. One hundred feet from the top, and
for 50 feet below, occasional layers 15 inches to 2 feet thick,
of brownish yellow, arenaceous limestone, occur............ 355
HOWELL FORMATION:
The section of the Howell formation [Walcott, 1908a, p. 11] is exposed on
the west face of the House Range at Howell Mountain. Feet
1a. Bluish black limestone in massive layers that break up on
weathering into irregular, thin’ layers? ....ne. soc oes 50
Fauna (in shaly bed at top of Ia):
Micromitra (I[phidella) pannula (White) [1874, p. 6].
Acrotreta cf. ophirensis Walcott [1902, p. 591].
Ptychoparia.
rb. ‘Gray, “siliceous lamestomere 2. Sean vane ee ieee os ak eee 8
ic. Bluish’ black limestome, similarvtovta ys boy.seoree ss oe eee ee 105
td. Pinkish colored, argillaceous shale with interbedded, thin
layers: of Linfestonie crac ten. tea titel > seer ae eel ee 10
Fauna:
Micromitra (Iphidella) pannula (White) [1874, p. 6].
Obolus (Westonia) ella (Hall and Whitfield) [1877, p. 232].
Acrotreta cf. ophirensis Walcott [1902, p. 591].
Scenella,
FHyolithes.
Zacanthoides.
Bathyuriscus.
SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS CULLECTIONS VOL. 53, PL. 16
SWASEY
THE DOME
VIEW OF THE NORTH SIDE OF DOME CANYON BELOW DOME PASS, HOUSE RANGE
The dark Swasey limestone forms the dark peak at the left. This rests on the li
formation breaks down. A mass of the Dome limestone has been disp laced in the f
from which the canyon formation takes its name is shown at the right.
ght gray cliff of Dome limestone, below which the Howell
oreground by a fault between it and the cliff. The dome
CAMBRIAN CORDILLERAN SECTIONS—WALCOTT 183
HOWELL FORMATION (continued):
Feet
te. Gray, siliceous limestone in layers 2 to 10 inches thick........ 70
1f. Bluish black limestone in massive layers, breaking up into thin
RAVENS Gish CCH ENETIN OG KIN) ee cai Weeks Walp'diss hae cc udse velcees 102
Fauna:
Ptychoparia.
Bathyuriscus.
tg. Gray, siliceous limestone in thick beds...............00.eeeeee 90
Votalpet Howell. formation... 0.0 csloves os cae ec. cies 435
Spence shale:
The Spence shale [Walcott, 1908a, p. 8] is exposed on the east side of Dome
Canyon a little above where it bends to the westward. Feet
aoe Clea el eM RCECNA Gy SILET o.n). ie tasc oe ule clots oye w Sraaiw igs 6 ach baw cae 20
Fauna:
Micromitra (Iphidella) pannula (White) [1874, p. 6].
Obolus (Westonia) ella (Hall and Whitfield) [1877, p. 232].
Lingulella dubia (Walcott) [1808, p. 4or].
Acrothele subsidua (White) [1874, p. 6].
Hyolithes billingsi Walcott [1886, p. 134].
Ptychoparia piochensis Walcott [1886, p. 201].
Ptychoparia sp.
Zacanthoides typicalis (Walcott) [1886, p. 183].
Bathyuriscus productus (Hall and Whitfield) [1877, p. anys.
LANGSTON (?) FORMATION:
The section of the beds which are doubtfully placed in the Langston forma-
tion [Walcott, 1908a, p. 8] was measured at the same locality as the Spence
shale. Feet
1a. Massive bedded, bluish gray, arenaceous limestone, with irregu-
lar partings of buff-colored arenaceous limestone. The latter
penetrates the layers of limestone in the most irregular
manner and frequently surrounds small, irregular nodules
of the bluish gray limestone
Fauna:
Billingsella, sp. undt.
Platyceras.
Hyolithes.
Leperditia.
Ptychoparia.
Zacanthoides.
Dorypyge?
1b. Brown, buff weathering, arenaceous limestone in thick layers;
AMMOSEASATIGSEOME Tl PlACESe sis cetehs Cie visi eers.e ols syemsialers wleteie 91s 35
Potainor Lanestom:Gr) formation’. 65 on. 00+ osiscs seen’ 205
Perel DAAC NE ATEMOE TATE. ia onc cle oc, «. slave ss stereo sryeiteee's 4,417
184 SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS VOL. 53
LOWER CAMBRIAN
‘PIOCHE FORMATION:
The Pioche formation [Walcott, 1908a, p. 11] is exposed at the westward
bend of Dome Canyon. Feet
1. Arenaceous and siliceous shaly layers, with some thicker
layets of quantziticisandstonesae. see oem ore ie iinet 125
Fauna:
Annelid trails.
Trilobite tracks (Cruziana).
Southwest of Pioche, Nevada, on the Panaca Road, this formation contains
the following fauna:
Eocystites ? longidactylus Walcott [1886, p. 94].
Obolus' (Westonia) ella (Hall and Whitefield) [1877,
p. 232].
Micromitra (Iphidella) pannula (White) [1874, p. 6].
Acrothele subsidua (White) [1874, p. 6].
Acrothele subsidua hera Walcott [1908d, p. 87].
Acrothele spurri Walcott [1908d, p. 86].
Acrotreta primeva Walcott [1902, p. 593].
Billingsella highlandensis (Walcott) [1886, p. 119].
‘ _ Ayolithes billingsit Walcott [1886, p. 134].
Olenellus gilberti Meek [1874, p. 7].
Zacanthoides levis (Walcott) [1886, p. 187].
Crepicephalus augusta Walcott [1886, p. 208].
Crepicephalus liiana Walcott [1886, p. 207].
PROSPECT MOUNTAIN FORMATION:?
The Prospect Mountain formation [see Walcott, 1908a, p. 12] is exposed on
the west slope and foothills of the House Range north and south of Dome
Canyon. Feet
1. Gray and brownish quartzitic sandstone in layers 4 inches to
three feet-in thickness .)).905.. . 2 Ra ae a eee ete 1,375+
Total .Lower <“Cambrianvis 270, Aaa een eee ok ee 1,500+
RESUME, HOUSE RANGE SECTION
Upper CAMBRIAN: Feet Feet
Notch ‘Peak formationivgie be its a Re ee 120
"24. wniale and” Saidstoties s,s. ssc. oh 3. Holseeis tes Ae 430
Qi manastone and shalen sige lbh icctaicae -ka hw 485
Pies OUACEZATIC ‘SANGStOne sic sese oo ciis Jo's ee eee ae 790
2,755
3a. Shales, limestone, and sandstone.................. 650
3b Shaly sandstoner vi sve oscar ce eee eee 200
3c. Arenaceous limestone and shaly sandstone......... 575
Z0setlard Psandstonesscn aoc ven cane oe ae 450+
1,875+
si ho | a dee RES ee ee ep Me 5,070-++
BARREL SPRING SECTION :
A section of Lower Cambrian strata studied by Mr. F. B. Weeks
near Barrel Spring, 16 miles south of the town of Silver Peak,
Nevada, is much like that east of Waucoba Springs, and has about
the same fauna at varioushorizons in it.
Feet
t. Massive blue mottled limestone, with 50 feet of sandy limestone
inthe middle of the. seriesiv. cies. «cee csi ee ee ener 730,
Fauna:
Archeocyathus and allied forms occur throughout this
limestone.
2.
ans
mm
133
CAMBRIAN CORDILLERAN SECTIONS—-WALCOTT
Sandy shales succeeded by coarse, thin, fine sandstone, with
buff limestones at top
Fauna (in limestone) :
Micromitra (Paterina) prospectensis (Walcott)
p. 19].
Nisusia (Jamesella) amii Walcott [1905, p. 252].
Scenella, sp.
Agraulos?
Olenellus gilberti Meek [1874, p. 7].
Green calcareous shale, arenaceous at top.............
Fauna:
Archeocyathus ?
Kutorgina cingulata (Billings) [1861, p. 8].
Kutorgina perugata Walcott [1905, p. 310].
Siphonotreta ? dubia, new species.
Acrotreta claytoni Walcott [1902, p. 583].
Acrothele spurri ? Walcott [1908d, p. 86].
Swantonia weekst Walcott [1905, p. 297].
Swantonia ? sp.
Stenotheca cf. elongata Walcott [1884, p. 23].
Stenotheca cf. rugosa (Hall) [1847, p. 306].
Salterella.
Ptychoparia sp.
Holmia rowet, new species.
Holmia weeksi, new species.
ee cry
Green calcareous shale, with bands of limestone at top
Fauna:
Salterella sp.
Holmia weeksi, new species.
Olenellus claytoni, new species.
PNNGCSING SMIASE. 6 s)ac5 soacan ross paWrtirate Se ae ee ee ee
Massive blue mottled limestone
Green calcareous shales
Mostly thin-bedded blue and gray shaly quartzites.....
Siliceous limestones at base, then blue coral limestones
Holmia weeksi, new species.
Olenellus, sp.
Massive guiartzites, shally. in. places, so. f..550 ceca snes
Fauna:
Holmia rowet, new species.
Holmia weeksi, new species.
SINCE UGH HMI ECITMES TOTES x0 Mersin hae acsereie o evauertuedte. ols. 0he
Total
a 01d .4; oe ea ont alate q = > | q b> |ai gia rs]
a of -_ vu a vu _ asf _ 4 -_ vu
= h oc h uh u a e (SG) is H
D Oo |
Fairview
"pe we
Teh rics
Ch act EY SINC,
207
rr
. Me-
Feet ters
150 GT Ogygopsis shale (lentile)
315 06 Shaly limestone
325 99 Alternating shales and limestone
1595 | 486 Arenaceous limestone
294 68 Thin bedded limestone =
31 9 Sandstone
115 35 Shale
20 6 Limestone n :
2705 | 824 Quartzitic sandstone
32, Siliceous shale
600 183 Quartzitic sandstone
Fic. 9.—Mt. Bosworth Section (continued)
Notr.—The thickness of the St. Piran, Lake Louise, and Fairview formations is taken from the Lake
Louise section.
‘
208 SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS VOL. 53
BOSWORTH FORMATION (continued) :
I (continued) :
This formation forms the base of the high cliffs on the south-
east face of Mount Daly and Paget Peak.
The lower portion of I was measured and the upper parts esti-
mated. The thickness given is probably too feet 01 more
less than the actual thickness,
2a. Shaly and thin-bedded, gray and dove-colored, compact fine-
grained dolomitic limestone weathering buff and light gray.
Thicker layers occur in bands from 1 to 6 feet thick........
2b. Greenish siliceous shale with thin interbedded layers of sili-
GeOus si compact ray nlimestones ance ser me erase ee eeneone
Fauna:
At about this horizon in the Castle Mountain section 20
miles southeast of Mount Bosworth small trilobite
heads of the genera Ptychoparia and Solenopleura
occur in a band of gray and bluish black limestone, ana
just below fragments of a species of Obolus.
2e. WAmMmestones similat to22a yanimotice sera oe ce ae aoe
TO tal Of 2h eee ec ey eral Se ee ee
3. Variable arenaceous shales with alternating bands of color—
greenish, deep red, buff, yellow, and gray.
Numerous mud cracks and ripple-marks occur on many of
ie, flan Siren er h cis, Oh ns otter gene is ote iecare ena EYE atlas ie neTare eee
Feet
422
48
517
987
Total of ._ Bosworth formation: 2.462+..0 sss ce de cee 1,855
‘otal (Upper Cambriatices esc fu evo he eaeiaten eerie 3,590
Nore.—The 1,855 feet of strata included in 1, 2, and 3
remind me, in lithologic character and appearance, of strata
of the upper portions of the Cambrian Belt Terrane of
Montana. No traces of life were observed and the shaly,
banded character of the beds is very striking.
MIDDLE CAMBRIAN
ELDON FORMATION [Walcott, 1908a, p.3]:
1a. Irregularly bedded, gray, siliceous and arenaceous limestone in
thick layers above and thin layers below; at 192 feet from
the base a bed of bluish black limestone is fossiliferous.
Above the fossiliferous bed the strata become more massive,
arenaceous, steel gray in color, weathering to a light gray...
Fauna (192 feet above the base) :
Agnostus, sp.
Ptychoparia, 2 species.
Bathyuriscus-like pygidium.
1b. Light and dark gray, thin-bedded, arenaceous limestone, weath-
ening to.a-light-sray colon. ..(7ci pass 2s bs ea eee ee peten ante
1c. Massive bedded, siliceous, fine-grained, compact, dark bluish
gray ‘limestones. oses asks set crake trate cL ie ay I rer eRe rleTeIEES
410
"
Lot
POT RAE oe
SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS VOL. 53, PL. 20
Fig. 1. NORTH RIDGE OF CASTLE MOUNTAIN
; Showing the Eldon formation in the cliffs above the lake and the Bosworth formation
in the snow-covered points above the cliff line.
Fig. 2. PROFILE OF SOUTHEAST FRONT OF CASTLE MOUNTAIN, OPPOSITE ELDON
The upper cliff is formed of the siliceous limestone of the Eldon formation; the ter-
race with snow on it the Stephen formation, and the lower cliff and slope the Cathedral
formation. ‘These formations are finely exposed on Mount Bosworth, but not so as to get
good photographs of them.
CAMBRIAN CORDILLERAN SECTIONS—WALCOTT
ELDON FORMATION (continued):
Ic (continued) :
Two yellowish buff weathering bands of limestone 2 to 3 feet
thick stand out in color on the face of cliffs.
Fauna (near the summit) :
Billingsella ?
Neolenus-like pygidium.
1d. Massive bedded limestone much like that of Ic...............
USE) GU te 5 RORY 2 Ee Mae nae Mee WERnS Me RA SS oar EA
2. Thin-bedded, bluish gray limestone with irregular layers and
stringers of gray, buff weathering, dolomitic limestone......
At 24 feet from the base a shaly, bluish gray, siliceous lime-
stone about two feet thick is interbedded.
Fauna (in shaly limestone) :
Obolus membranaceous Walcott [1908d, p. 61].
Lingulella sp.
Isoxys argentea (Walcott) [1886, p. 146].
Ptychoparia, 2 species.
Massive bedded dark gray arenaceous limestone..............
4. Massive bedded, cliff-forming, light gray arenaceous lime-
stone. At several horizons bands of thinner layers from a
few feet up to 30 feet in thickness occur. One of these 480
feet from the base forms a slight terrace............-.....-
ae
Fauna:
In the Mount Stephen section seven miles southwest of
Mount Bosworth, at a horizon about 700 feet above the
base of this limestone, the following fossils have been
recognized :
Protospongia (spicules).
Lingulella cf. isse (Walcott) [1905, p. 330].
Hyolithes sp.
Agnostus cf. montis Matthew [1899, p. 43].
Zacanthoides spinosus Walcott [1884, p. 63].
Ptychoparia sp.
Bathyuriscus sp.
Ogygopsis sp.
MAL GEE NOCD, PORMIAUON - hoo8 a ats once «ceo s oe ote wes
STEPHEN FORMATION [Walcott, 1908a, p.3]:
1. Thin-bedded, dark gray and bluish black limestone
Fauna:
Micromitra (Paterina) stissingensis (Dwight) [188o, p.
145].
Obolus mcconnelli (Walcott) [1889, p. 441].
209
Feet
71
788
95
190
1,655
2,728
315
210 SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS VOL. 53
STEPHEN FORMATION (continued):
I (continued) :
Nisusia alberta (Walcott) [1889, p. 442], var.
Hyolithes carinatus Matthew [1899, p. 42].
Agnostus sp.
Agraulos sp.
Menocephalus sp.
Ptychoparia, 3 species.
Neolenus sp.
Bathyuriscus sp.
At Mount Stephen, about seven miles southwest of Mount Bosworth, a
siliceous shale occurs at the summit of the Stephen formation in which an
unusually rich fauna occurs. ‘This shale is not well developed on Mount
Bosworth.
Ocycorsis SHALE.—This term is applied to the local development of arena-
ceous and calcareous shale at the summit of the Stephen formation on the
northwest slope of Mount Stephen. The shale band (lentile) has a maximum
thickness of about 150 feet. It thins out to the northeast and is faulted out to
the southwest. At its maximum thickness, 2,800 feet above Field, it carries
immense numbers of trilobites, especially Ogygopsis klotzi (Rominger),
Bathyuriscus rotundatus (Rominger), Neolenus serratus (Rominger), Zacan-
thoides spinosus (Walcott), and, in addition, sponges, cystids, brachiopods,
pteropods, and gasteropods. The shale is less rich in fossils one-fourth of a
mile northeast on the strike; also to the northwest. Lentiles of gray quartzitic
sandstone and siliceous, gray limestone occur in the shale, and the entire shale
band appears to be a lentile between the thin-bedded blue limestones and the
superjacent massive, arenaceous limestone formation. ‘There is no trace of
the Ogygopsis shale on Mount Bosworth 6 miles northeast, at the same
horizon, or at Castle Mountain, 20 miles east-southeast.
There is a sharp anticline, with a northeast-southwest axis, in the shale and
the thin-bedded limestones beneath, on the northwest slope of Mount Stephen.
The southeast limb is crushed and the beds are largely faulted out against the
massive arenaceous limestone before reaching the amphitheater at the head of
Field Brook. On the northwest limb the shales are unaltered and slope down
the side of the mountain for 1,800 feet, thus affording a great exposure of the
shale and contained fossils.
Fauna:
1. Hyolithellus flagellum (Matthew) [1899, p. 40].
2. Hyolithellus annulatus (Matthew) [1899, p. 42].
3. Orthotheca corrugata Matthew [1899, p. 42].
4. Orthotheca major Walcott [1908c, p. 246, pl. I, fig. 11].
5. Hyolithes, sp.
6. Hyolithes carinatus Matthew [1899, p. 42].
7. Stenotheca wheeleri Walcott [1908c, p. 245, pl I, fig. 7].
8. Platyceras romingeri Walcott [1880, p. 442].
9. Platyceras bellianus Walcott [1908c, p. 246, pl. I, fig. 13].
0. Acrotreta depressa (Walcott) [1880, p. 441].
1. Micromitra (Iphidella) pannula (White) [1874, p. 6].
12. Obolus mcconnelli (Walcott) [1880, p. 441].
13. Nisusia alberta Walcott [1880, p. 442]. ;
14. Philhedra columbiana (Walcott) [1880, p. 441].
SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS
VOL. 53, PL. 21
MOUNT STEPHEN, BRITISH COLUMBIA, FROM THE NORTH
Near the base at (a) the Mount Whyte formation rests on the St. Piran quartzitic sandstones. ‘The great Cathedral arenaceous limestone forms the
north shoulder of the mountain up to (b), where the 800 feet of the Ste
é phen formation breaks the profile. Above this the massive beds of the Eldon for-
mation extend to the summit of the peak. ‘he section shown in the profile is over 5,800 feet in thickness. At +x on the slope the great, fossil beds of
the Stephen formation are finely exposed.
Pay f i
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CAMBRIAN CORDILLERAN SECTIONS—WALCOTT
STEPHEN FORMATION (continued):
Ogygopsis shale (continued) :
15. Scenella varians Walcott [1886, p. 127].
16. Anomalocaris canadensis Whiteaves [1892, p. 207].
17. Anomalocaris ? whiteavesi Walcott [1908c, p. 246, pl.
II, figs. 2, 2a, 4, 6, and 6a[.
18. Anomalocaris ?? acutangula Walcott [1908c, p. 247, pl.
TiS fis si.
19. Agnostus montis Matthew [1899, p. 43].
20. Dorypyge (Kootenia) dawsoni (Walcott) [1880, p. 446].
21. Bathyuriscus rotundatus (Rominger) [1887, p. 16].
22. Bathyuriscus pupa Matthew [1899, p. 51] probably = 23.
23. Bathyuriscus occidentalis (Matthew) [1899, p. 49].
24. Bathyuriscus ornatus Walcott [1908), p. 39].
25. Karlia stephenensis Walcott [1889, p. 445].
Corynexochus romingeri Matthew [1809, p. 47] = 25.
26. Neolenus serratus (Rominger) [1887, p. 13].
Neolenus granulatus Matthew [1899, p. 55]=26.
27. Ogygopsis klotzsi (Rominger) [1887, p. 12].
28. Oryctocephalus reynoldsi Reed [1899, p. 359].
Oryctocephalus walkeri Matthew [1899] = 28.
29. Burlingia hectori Walcott [1908), p. 15].
30. Ptychoparia cordillere (Rominger) [1887, p. 17].
Feet
Conocephalites cf. perseus Hall, Matthew [1899, p. 46] = 30.
31. Ptychoparia palliseri Walcott [1908c, p. 247, pl. III, fig. 6].
32. Zacanthoides spinosus (Walcott) [1884, p. 63].
ZU MELEETISHNSTHCEOUS Shaler sae ae at die os ccteieine ave oaieie ae Maar 23
Fauna:
Obolus (Westonia) ella ? (Hall and Whitfield) [1877,
D232\:
2b. Thick-bedded, bluish gray limestone, breaking up into thin
layers one-half to 3 inches thick on weathering............. 22
Fauna:
Micromitra (Paterina) stissingensis (Dwight) [1889, p.
145].
Nisusia alberta Walcott [1880, p. 442], var.
ee PETES He STAC COMGS) SHAG striauc sitet o -llbe te ae We cecties mata@meticess 70
2d. Alternating bluish gray, bedded, compact limestone, siliceous
and arenaceous shale, mostly shale below..................- 210
TNopal- 20220 ad ee ee MER) A Seats eth: 325
Fauna:
Cruziana,
Micromitra (Iphidella) pannula (White) [1874, p. 6].
Obolus (Westonia) ella (Hall and Whitfield) [1877, p. 232].
Hyolithes.
Leperditia.
Ptychoparia.
Bathyuriscus.
212 SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS VOL. 53
STEPHEN FORMATION (continued):
2d (continued) : Feet
On Mount Stephen, at a horizon 150 feet from the base of
this limestone, the fauna includes:
Micromitra (Iphidella) pannula (White) [1874, p. 6].
Billingsella marion Walcott [1908d, p. 102].
Hyolithes.
Microdiscus,
Ptychoparia.
CATHEDRAL FORMATION [Walcott, 1908a, p. 4]:
Ia. Thin-bedded gray to lead-gray, arenaceous limestones, weather-
inc buh gray to dull liehteray. 2 2.25 sn esce es ae ee 404
1b. Massive bedded, steel-gray weathering, light gray, arenaceous
limestone. In some localities thinner layers appear at
various horizons and large lentiles of dark lead-gray-colored
beds *occun very irréstilariy oo. ck fcccenes Jen soo ac eae 682
Ic. Similar to ta. Annelid borings and trails occur in and on
SOme JOLSHME MAVENS coc noc le cette aoc Se ais sine ie ie 126
ra. Similac ibe tics seat eandctins c4 0 ce ead eae ae ee 83
te. Thin-bedded, lead-gray to blue-gray, thin-bedded (layers 1
inch to 4 inches thick) arenaceous limestone............... 25
1f. Alternating thin and massive bedded, arenaceous, steel-gray
lamestaneweatherme lieht sray.o.. 2 soi. os. coca sa eee 275
A OtaleG LET iateya ce aale ehh et ee a ee 1,595
LOWER CAMBRIAN
MOUNT WHYTE FORMATION [Walcott, 1908a, p. 4]:
The line between the Middle and Lower Cambrian is placed at
this horizon on account of the presence in the Mount Stephen
section of Olenellus in the limestone 116 feet below the mas-
sive arenaceous limestone belt represented by If in the
Cathedral formation of the Mount Bosworth section.
ta. Thin-bedded, bluish gray, slightly arenaceous limestone........ 120
Fauna:
Numerous annelid trails and borings.
1b. Gray odlitic limestone in layers 3 to 6 inches thick............ 44
Fauna (4 feet from base) :
Nisusia (Jamesella) lowi Walcott [1908d, p. 98].
Microdiscus, sp. undt.
Agraulos sp.
Ptychoparia sp.
At Castle Mountain fragments of a species of Bornemannia
(new genus allied to Zacanthoides) occur at about this
horizon.
CAMBRIAN CORDILLERAN SECTIONS—-WALCOTY 213
MOUNT WHYTE FORMATION (continued):
1b (continued) : Feet
In the Mount Stephen section the following species occur at a
horizon near the top of this limestone:
Nisusia (Jamesella) lowi Walcott [1908d, p. 98].
Stenotheca elongata Walcott [1884, p. 23], var.
Scenella varians Walcott [1886, p. 127].
Platyceras, new species.
Hyolithes billingsi Walcott [1886, p. 134].
Ptychoparia sp.
Crepicephalus, new species.
Protypus, new species.
Albertella, sp. undt,
About 50 feet down in the Mount Stephen section in a gray,
siliceous shale the following species occur:
Cystid plates.
Micromitra (Paterina), sp. undt.
Acrotreta sagittalis taconica (Walcott) [1887, p. 189].
Nisusia (Jamesella) lowi Walcott [1908d, p. 98].
Hyolithes (fragment).
Hyolithellus cf. micans Billings [1872, p. 215].
Scenella varians Walcott [1886, p. 127].
Olenellus (fragments of thoracic segments).
Ic. Massive layers made up of banded bluish gray limestone and _
sandstone in layers one-half inch to 2 inches thick.......... 60
Fauna:
Agraulos, sp. undt.
RMLs Oa cent BNP REO Blak sige OES bea e's 224
On Mount Stephen, at a horizon near the top of this bed of
limestone, there was found:
Acrothele colleni, new species.
Acrotreta sagittalis taconica (Walcott) [1887, p. 189].
Scenella varians Walcott [1886, p. 127].
Stenotheca elongata Walcott [1884, p. 23], var.
Albertella, sp. undt.
Olenellus (fragments).
Bathyuriscus, sp. undt.
Near the base on Mount Stephen:
Micromitra (Paterina) labradorica (Billings) [1861, p.
6], var.
Micromitra (Iphidella) pannula (White) [1874, p. 6].
Acrotreta sagittalis taconica (Walcott) [1887, p. 189].
Bornemannia prima, new genus and new species.
Ptychoparia, 3 species.
2. Gray and brownish gray sandstone in thin and massive layers. 31
4—w
214 SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS VOL. 53
MOUNT WHYTE FORMATION (continued):
2 (continued) :
Fauna:
A yolithes.
Agraulos,.
On Mount Stephen, at this horizon, there were found:
Microdiscus, sp. undt.
Olenellus, sp. undt. (fragments).
Ptychoparia, sp. undt.
Protypus, sp. undt.
3. Siliceous shale with a few interbedded thin layers of compact,
hard, gray sandstone
CC cS a
In the Lake Agnes section 5 miles southeast of Mount Bos-
worth, the fauna of about this horizon includes:
Micromitra (Paterina) wapta Walcott [1908d, p. 59].
Obolus parvus Walcott [1908d, p. 61].
Hyolithes billingsi Walcott [1886, p. 134].
Olenopsis agnes, new species.
Ptychoparia, 3 species.
Albertella, sp. undt.
Bathyuriscus.
On the south slope of Mount Bosworth two drift blocks of
siliceous shale, supposed to be from this horizon, were found,
from which the following species were collected:
Micromitra (Paterina) wapta Walcott [1908d, p. 59].
Obolus parvus Walcott [1908d, p. 61].
Acrothele colleni, new species.
Wimanella simplex Walcott [1908d, p. ror].
Agraulos, sp.
Ptychoparia, sp.
Bornemannia, sp.
Albertella boswortht Walcott [1908b, p. 22].
Albertella helena Walcott [1908b, p. 19].
Vanusxemella contracta, new genus and new species.
Bathyuriscus, sp. a.
On Mount Stephen, at about the same horizon, the following
were found:
Hyolithes billingst Walcott [1886, p. 134].
Scenella varians Walcott [1886, p. 127].
Olenopsis agnes, new species.
Bornemannia prima, new genus and new species.
4. Interbedded layers of gray fossiliferous limestone and greenish
gray siliceous shale
Fauna:
Nisusia festinata (Billings) [1861, p. to].
Scenella varians Walcott [1886, p. 127].
HTyolithellus.
Feet
II5
20
CAMBRIAN CORDILLERAN SECTIONS—WALCOTT 215
MOUNT WHYTE FORMATION (continued):
Feet
4 (continued) :
Ptychoparia.
Agraulos.
Protypus fieldensis, new species.
Olenellus canadensis, new species.
At this horizon on Mount Stephen the following were found:
Micromitra (Iphidella) pannula (White) [1874, p. 6].
Acrotreta sagittalis taconica (Walcott) [1887, p. 189].
Kutorgina cingulata (Billings) [1861, p. 8].
Kutorgina, sp. undt.
Nisusia festinata (Billings) [1861, p. Io].
Hyolithes billingsi Walcott [1886, p. 134].
Scenella varians Walcott [1886, p. 127].
Protypus, new species.
Agraulos, sp. undt.
Ptychoparia, 3 sp. undt.
Olenellus canadensis, new species.
Bow River GRouP
‘ST. PIRAN FORMATION [Walcott, 1908a, p. 4]:
1a. Siliceous and arenaceous greenish-colored shales in layers I to
3 inches in thickness, interbedded in shaly and thin-bedded
gray and brownish gray sandstone, with a thick layer of
compacteray Ssamastone near the tOp... sagt ee Oe ee 105.
Fauna:
Annelid trails.
Cruziana.
Micromitra (Iphidella) lowise Walcott [1908d, p. 56].
FAIRVIEW FORMATION [Walcott, 1908a, p. 5]:
1. Thin and thick layers of gray, quartzitic, brownish weathering,
compact sandstones i(estimated))..<:2¢.i0.e etna: pee eee 600+
This formation is much thicker to the southeast.
RESUME, MOUNT BOSWORTH SECTION
UPPER CAMBRIAN.
SHERBROOKE FORMATION:
Feet Feet.
1.. (Gray, partly chenty limestonesss sense eee eee 175
2. O6litic limestones and shaly.band................. 590
3) Arenaceous' dolomitic limestones..n anes ee eee 610
Total sin. Si saa tts ooreeiarers settee ae ee een 1,375
PAGET FORMATION:
1. Massive bedded bluish gray limestone............. 60
2. Olitic limestone with bands of shale.............. 300-++
Total 250. See eee ee ee 360+
BOSWORTH FORMATION:
1. Gray, arenaceous, dolomitic limestone............. 600+
2. Shaly and thin-bedded, dolomitic limestones with
two bands of 'shales.42..).ccew woe tie eee 987
3. Somes © 25s o's. sic 9: Roepe dale eee ete ae ere 268
Total s...:<... target dae knnn atone eee ee 1,855+
Total Upper. Gamibriam . do. oo acne eee 3,590-+
MIDDLE CAMBRIAN.
ELDON FORMATION:
1. Siliceous and arenaceous limestone..............+. 788
2., Bluish gray Wimestones.. lvete.ts cet bees PUSS Shale SAP a tie oats etic ee 180
nitens, see Linnarssonella.
Motch Peak formation, House Ratige....5. 6000. 254.5. 00005 17I, 173-175, pl. 14
notchensis, see Obolus (Westonia).
Maenmonmaiom, Blacksmith’ FOr, 2: .< sete occis oatte waleeeetareckee: 17I, 193
nundina, see Syntrophia.
(ONG aLPRUL EL STOR TE CRYG RE ae gece Gren ERE eee Se nea GL, a a) 186, 187
Opens mccoideus CHall-and Whitfield). oo 5006 6085 i APOE ak tock: 193
Pe aE EA Uy VW AICEIEE Wicca ca Sava’ Salk tra.e ore dnl oeis sated Saeen 196, 197, 200, 210
meconnells peas. (Walcott)... 1... ns. ce ends 176, 179, 180, 181, 194
PNA EMAC UES, WV ANCOEE fo). ctclas dec ci Saree Ua store eee wlohe BROCE Pelee 3 209
CMU ACES An Crem es Sd he oh aa EO ae ey vee dite tees one 214
rama Ees WMV ICME NS onc Adee cae ROP Saal ie also lee Seow ee okies 176, 180
LELOMEMSUSHLE MAY WV AICOED on ttetowan seh a Chick senna 175
Miners ibEllulus \CWalcott) scenes cee nes cess coSeaeah fle on bbe os 193
PRE eer UR CLCOELs Ce es coe ou ala Soa e wae wa tes kOe ee PON aloe es 179
ete ae INVCOLE Shirt aie oS BES he E hae Vike re eae heen te rues 178, 179
(Westonia) ella (Hall and Whitfield) . .182, 183, 184, 196, 197, 198, 203, 211
URE MIE SOECHES A RY crs on DAs Soda Ginte va Sas snes cee ae Mee es Oe
EER GMLEPES ESTONIA COLE Tog Arrears eee a aH Stee Oe tn ee 173
SMIEH PL MipeAC ANGIE GEG Atte atti Reis Sor oe ad eae ME 195
SWIG were ete ee Mere ere oeies cae eee Sree rk asd 192, 193, 196, 208
occidens, see Mickwitzia.
occidentalts, see Bathyuriscus.
ere sty hates (ROMINBES) <1. Aptana shah aces te oe beach sedecavaga ahs 211
CSD LOS Po oc eae ese ae ae Be NE 180, 181, 198, 199, 209
Ogygopsis shale, Mount Stephen, notes on............0 ese e cece eee ees 210-211
Olencllus Canadensis, NEW SPECIES. .iciccc.waas cece seca teeeilecs deeee ae 215
CIS VI MME IEW -SDECIER (7 ux 10s AS bur wht Ae beens Sere abm ak SE CESS 1389
EE WSDECIOS ic) Lau kd Sern ad BS eed Fo nd hind Re Pe. 187
PRECIOUS 7 ones ve Rdad doen s sAT eats Roce Maleate ce hoe cups 184, 1890
TMA G meee FAS Poe oh PAs oF hole ka eT RA eae 186, 187, 189, 203, 213, 214
SE UME S (HEU SHECICS: . oan ss be cda doer eb ilerdctccresieilliwences 214
RSP TATICE heen rete. cies bieie Se Cu CaS he Meee ae Se eee ie ele el « 203
NaI RSE Re ty ac i ak Baca ee he ce te, wR te eee Mab ate as 204
ophirensis, see Acrotreta.
228 SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS VOL. 53
Page
ophirensis descendens, see Acrotreta.
Ordovician ‘rocks: -sections Gish, ..css'.'secisetee ec eeu ee eee 173, I9I, 204
ornatus, see Bathyuriscus. ,
Ose formation; House Ranges sc5 1.2... ca oe ae eee 171, 175-177, pl. 15, fig. 1
CAPRI ORES Ss 025 sc octaeia are Sabla slsreilay @restie/e posi nie e MAORI eee 189
Onthotheca corrugaia, Matthew: oo... dsce & PRT Cop eee aat iea Re Sa haere "aduat'a cathe aa 189
Swasey formation, House Range...............-. 171, 181-182, pls. 16 and 17
Suntrophia.. cambria “Walcott \.. 0. cnt ducer akeseasos aie ouetenne a peli . 196
nunaina Walcott <.scc%..cehe cece nla sabes avats areca alee eee 189, I9I, 192
UNIAB. Sasa vines,» = 6 Pain| da meaieR leahtsne ne aban sane eee oi eaee oe
SYringopora ..cecececees Heat olathe Sec Rast enna irs cette Setaes cn deedet, Camere
tetonensis leda, see Obolus.
texanus, see Crepicephalus.
thyone, see Eoorthis.
transversa, see Linnarssonella.
Trematobolus excelsis Walcott ........... its Sten peebers ERE hice .... 187, 188
"Tarneis Hoa W ia THemtlened ie. Bose n. cus eas ena cee eek « bkakk Lae eee . 185
turneri, see Acrothele.
typa, see Owenella.
typicalis, see Schizambon and Zacanthoides.
Uusta, “Mountain rplitt, mentioned), 0.66664 vege Nati Seo Ae ee 19!
unxia, see Syntrophia.
Utah sboundary-oi- Cambrian land atea in... .. oi. aka Sone eee 168
Utah and British Columbia, connection between sections in.............. 169
ite formation blacksiutth jb Orks. ce. ct... Jas): cae cae eee 171, 195-198
Vanuxemella contracta, new genus and new specieS...............0: 203, 214
varians, see Scenella.
walkeri, see Oryctocephalus.
waptasee: Macromiira. CPGGerina) A bs % 6% we vac ad pase ecee ocak 62 eee eee 214
Wasatch Canyon, Box Elder County, Utah, fossils in................. 195, 107
wasatchensis, see Obolus (Westonia).
Waucoba Springs section, California, described.............2...000005 185-188
Stiligraplie APOSIMION v.csr ssriS o.0.8' se 8 soe ented eee Mita ale oe 169
Weeks, 3) mentioned: ws vox Ji os5e4s ss sos one cate. eae oe 188
Weeks formation, House Range......0..050..0c0005 I71, 177-178, pl. 5, fig. 1
weeksi, see Holmia and Swantonia.
(Westonia), see Obolus (Westonia).
Wheeler Amphitheater, House Range, view of.................. pl. 15, fig. 2
Wheeler formation; House Ranges... 0.66 cc ec cin wens 171, 181, pl. 15, fig. 2
wheeleri, see Asaphiscus and Stenotheca.
whiteavesi, see Anomalocaris.
Wimancllas simpless Walcott sc 5. c. hon vecs,c ie wane’ cle poston 203, 214
Woolsey shale, Littl: Belt Mountains). c500.4 o\s. ccs age an aoe RS ae 203
Wyoming, boundary of Cambrian land area in........0..-.claceecescm sve 168
Facammoides idahoensts. Walcott..0 <5)... ss.ngonoe eer mn beh eoeoe eee 197
Lerits CV aICOLE) "5 5 5 5 sicie tise ie-obontebias aduakis id ab bs Rane aaa ieee 184
SPImocustWaleott side. pin ee. iF als Zhe ws wal oek Oe ee 209, 211
ppacalis. Walcott) Wo. cio. -sick cic ueechaa E de deena slaae ee ee 183
SI UGE cig cn PRN sien SARIN Siac ake Kee Lek E 181, 182, 183, => 198
LORAVORME YU Rede ick ons bd Sole Cat Ris BE Oe ee REA Pier es
zeno, see Eoorthis.
ue
ee
a a
ar
SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS
VOLUME 53, NUMBER 6
CAMBRIAN
mEOLOGY AND PALEONTOLOGY
Meese: OLENELEUS AND OTHER. GENERA OF
THE MESONACID/E
With Twenty-Iwo Ptates
BY
CHARLES D. WALCOTT
(Pustication 1934)
CITY OF WASHINGTON
PUBLISHED BY THE SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION
AUGUST 12, 1910
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CAMBRIAN GEOLOGY AND PALEONTOLOGY
No. 6—OLENELLUS AND OTHER GENERA OF THE
MESONACID/£
By CHARLES D. WALCOTT
(Witu Twenty-Two PLatTEs)
CONTENTS
PAGE
EIR VAPORS SoU od dciltere Sorat ae ot ake dm aniaewe wer + 233
IP niMnes: (ROUTE 6B SEs DE SG 6 OO SIE0 GSES Occ OUNOESE Dice CES Os eer eae 234
PNGENMOWIEMSMENtS 1... oe cee sch ses So Aas DOA en Oop OGiD Dee tear 234
Oem @ pisthopatia BOCCMEt + .1.chers crchete nts Shes elas eres eso. sialeverene aa ele 6.8 235
ative Viesonmactdas wVWal COlt stakes cicrae cia eis ee ici eraara estesaiotee ceed a 236
Wiseryvariois—WEVElOpMenlt oii teroe.c nk.0e a coke atielee ae bs Gane ale eces 236
Coeplasloval: «5 aie Bhere Ae Seiet eG bkitem onee inn SOY bio eR eee 236
IBIS ae FO Ob id OIG CO Ee ETE ee ens ee oreo? 239
ERTIES UATE OMe teees oye at ROPES oe ee Pet obe Sistars ara ace Be 242
ANtemOnmo la pe llate sl OMe, acre aevacione a occas tae ace ssc 242
Ely POSLOMI peste eter tOT Pie tee sithadeletaiclototore fais clams Gocrets: tena 243
INR@ITEI) Saale pelea blets Sonsio ore 9 eateaicacitote cee Re ERR CCR ea ee RP 244
Ne vada Sta ol crmracser ca torn ttchrcen fits matters. sletcnaiers inches fests 244
IMNESOMAGISMSLAC CME Mea ieiayteid itt dete oleineh een eas oa tihoosiete 244
Dine cepliallarsta ces my wa as creiaes etets cercke clr e cleric si vicheve lore, susie 244
IE [olbgaiier Saved ee ak BA aii 08 aa ARES Oe a on aa eee 244
Peed GtmiAaS Stam Cla: a wae hede Neh. a ae hee aloe Slontale.e 245
OVS TVS ET S72 PoP Se ae ea aa oe a ell el hae ae Gea ae 245
IPercl all) | AR ea tek ols BE tire Eanes Gp ae Aerts ae 245
HEME, SEO E LG fob CaCRS Has CORRE DCO to eee 245
PAR ETIC HETIL OS So Gtk Om Ga cE ara O PROC lS nO a ee One eee eee 245
erin ICIP OL EMC EA. oe cis. cms rire ioe aatslha oe cen der tiene ws sie gece 246
Mee cicimeteerce te ee ta oan rere es eee lasiasns arom ees 246
INSISTS “st! beter bore ath uges Ge Aa ua SO 2 ae ee Be eee arene 246
IDM oeeoBNE, esas sous Spa GnO GOTO De Cen Oe ere 247
(Caillenyin, SSS beGaciee oo one OE RIOU ROB DEO cH One Om Crcane 247
Ilo haiite, BES AGUAS anes Sco DEA Oe UO ean Or IIe ere 247
WVenaingiere), Apacer ere aeee Bitte a SiGe OC DIGRRI ne Re OCS EOne 248
JERE IIEISS ¢.6 Son onwUe oS Osu OP Oe Ane Cinbee er bIcc Dorner 248
Olenmelltismets meee eee ee avsrore sake, slsiate ce 248
JECTED EW Bao pt cape Fo i ine A ea ee oe 248
(CITI SNICKERS Sah aino ete acto eee Ane Ror a Connie caer tree eae 248
Develo prientc Ole WieSOLACIC 2 osc io. c/209 ca) «fare ela ars, oPefo exe's s/stevauel ovsJe\elee)« 249
Wiesonaciderratds Para do xdigcen s..ccra 1S tated eine ne sree viae.sis) oe we eleie «re ol 250
Stratigraphic position of the genera and species.............00055 250
; Abruph appearanee- ofthe Mesonacide. ....\)..5 60.5. isc ce eee ees 252
CSBP OSU Cie G2 le et lees ieee as ee 252
Transition from the Mesonacide to the Paradoxine............. 253
SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS, VOL. 53, No. 6
232 SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS VOL. 53
Description of @enerasand SpeCiess ine sists o inc eels eit oka eee 256
Nevadiay new Semuss (2 ssw erasiews cece cat ike eet alae ale eee eee 256
weekksi, Tew: SPECIES... jcistre ee blesic sol hehos eit hie eee 257
Miesonacis:; Walcott: Se. eiotcne ooie nies oe 2061
mickwitziA( Schmidt)i-. sh Ache au cose ee eee o eee 262
torelli, (Mobere) (ina clits t fares hrc sinios tie erone et eae eee 264
vermontana “CEally 5 rx:cven: csieadietes ocnee tee ae 264
Elliptocephalal Emmons). v.cs-)eeeiicteiee elicicio ieee 267
asaphoides. Emmons 223025 ita oh beens eee eee 269
GCallavia Matthew: seo oes weds kets etcetera 274
bicenisis, “Mew SPECIES. J siscs@ aes wos loos noe esh cnst el ree 277
broggeri: CWalcott): «ico. 00 Delis oc on dea bye ieee 279
DUrfi’ MEW “SPECIES. 60. crs. slaccsteloiey led so cual oe tee eae 280 .
callaver (Geapworth)) \. joc hence coset ae ee tie ee 282
cartlatidi- (Raw) CMUSS.) ioc cic es eee renter chee 282
Grosbyi,-t1eW SPECIES sracile! new SpeCies., .0s- es eta dees ) ie eee 2098
Halli, Mew Species. Swiss nates ee ee 301
Wwalcottantisn( Wanner). o..i082205; shares niece tee eee 302
Pedeumias; News@enuS | ste 2.5 eons eee ee ee 304
transitans, NEw SPECIES). a0. ccieeend ban eee ee 305
Olenellus “Hlally ss juice hse Wo uence oe eee -311
ArSentusy MEW: SPECIES)... ...< ec ccs de evens oe cee ee 314
canadensissnew species. ss... case oe ceiein ne tae ee eee 316
P clayton, “mew SPeCleS\...5 5... = oe. a on ete Le eee 3190
fremont, mew Speciesc..c ics ica faa e ch wach oe 320
gigas’ Peach’ i:.¥ Moons ce hosutitn cl athe’ » Meebo 323
enlberti Meeks oe 2866 ci ee so eee ae 324
gilberti, variety undetermined! ©... %.)/.0.0. 7.0. oemeoeeee 331
lapworthi: Peach) 2 ivics.2s moe soos hee Oe ee 331
logani; Méw. Species. . 0c. 5. .0u cst alneree ne eee 333
retictilatus (Peach, 4:5 gvsneex news 4s Gee ee ee 335
thompsoni )CHall) tipcsoyse5 eke ee ee 336
thompsoni crassimarginatus, new variety...............- 340
f walcotti (Shaler and Foerste) o>)... 02.00. 0.5 ee 341
hospi undt: Sweden; 1... 02/8. ugcccseaenh natee eee 341
Psp.tundt. Scotland. otis aaah ee 342
Peachella; new-/@entisnd. incl ss ss wc cade nie 342
iddingst-( Wialeott) °S. feases tech oe cue wh eee 343
Olenelloides (Peach! 3.73.6 oct Sho SR eS 345
armatus Peath ai)... .cndeie sce ee oe eee 347
Alphabetic list (arranged by genera, subgenera, and species) of the
forms now placed in the Mesonacide, as they occur
in the literature, with the present reference of each.. 351
Bibliography «0.9.0 42} doch ale Wee ah Be elie Ue Ae 372
Description of plates: .. .....alio Alcs ote eee 380
Index
OLENELLUS AND OTHER GENERA OF MESONACID& 233
INTRODUCTION
This paper was first planned to include the descriptions of the new
genera and species of the Mesonacidz that had been collected by me
or under my direction since the publication of the memoir on the
Olenellus fauna in 1891 [ Walcott, 1891]. When the material was
assembled, I wrote to my friend, Prof. Atreus Wanner, of York,
Pennsylvania, asking if he had any new material. In response he
sent me a beautiful series of specimens showing the growth of the
dorsal shield of Pedeumtas transitans and specimens of Wanneria
qwalcottanus with a large spine on the fifteenth segment. I also found
in the collections from central Alabama a very interesting series of
specimens of the young cephalons of Pedeumias and Wanneria.
The result has been that I have reviewed and discussed the family
Mesonacide and illustrated the known genera and species more or
less fully.
When in 1891 I proposed to use the term Mesonacide [ Walcott,
1891, p. 635] I thought it a better selection than to propose Olenel-
lidz and so stated. Vogdes [1893, p. 254] evidently misunderstood
my intention and used the term Olenellide. Later Moberg [ 1899,
p. 316], evidently without knowing of Vogdes’ use of the term, pro-
posed to use Olenellidz, as he thought it did not conflict with Oleni-
de. Lindstr6m [1901, p. 12] simply followed Moberg. The term
Olenellidz is a good one, but Mesonacide has priority, and also the
genus Mesonacis is much more typical of the family than the genus
Olenellus; the latter is the last phase of the evolution of one branch
of the family, while Mesonacts illustrates the stage in which the
marked characteristics of most if not all of the genera are present.
Mesonacis vermontana (Hall) was founded ona specimen preserv-
ing the cephalon and a portion of the thorax [ Hall, 18509, fig. 2, p. 60].
In 1886 I found this form was essentially similar to Olenellus thomp-
som | Walcott, 1886, pl. 24, fig. 1a] back to the fourteenth segment,
but that the fifteenth segment instead of being a telson was a thoracic
segment with a long median spine. Posterior to the fifteenth seg-
ment there were ten segments with short pleural lobes and a plate-
like pygidium [pl. 26, figs. 1 and 2]. For this strange form the
genus Mesonacis was proposed [ Walcott, 1885, p: 328], and I [ Wal-
cott, 1886, p. 166] concluded that the telson of Olenellus thompsoni
was represented in Mesonacis by the fifteenth segment and the pos-
terior segments and pygidium. Subsequently other specimens were
found with segments posterior to the fifteenth [pl. 26, fig. 3], and
one large specimen [see pl. 33, fig. 1, and pl. 24, fig. 12] that had
234 SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS VOL. 53
three very short rudimentary segments and a plate-like pygidium
beneath the great spine on the fifteenth segment." These specimens
convinced me that Olenellus thompsoni passed through a Mesonacis
stage before becoming a typical Olenellus. I put the specimens away
in hopes that others would be found throwing more light on the
problem. In the collection made by Dr. Charles Schuchert at York
in 1896 an otherwise typical form of Olenellus thompsoni 40 mm.
in length was found to have four rudimentary segments and a py-
gidium beneath the spine on the fifteenth segment, but it was not
until 1909 when Prof. Atreus Wanner sent me a large series of .
specimens showing young stages of growth, also adults with from
two to four rudimentary segments posterior to the fifteenth spine
bearing segment that sufficient material was available to definitely
conclude that Olenellus thompsoni passed through a Holimia, a Mes-
onacis, and a Pedeumias stage of development, and later became a
typical O. thompsoni with a terminal telson by the absorption of
certain rudimentary segments and a plate-like pygidium.
FUTURE WORK
It is exceedingly desirable that more collecting should be done
in the Lower Cambrian formations of the Reval region of Russia ;
in Finland; and in the various localities in Sweden, Norway, and
England. I am sure that important information in relation to the
Mesonacidze would be secured by a systematic search for more and
better material. In America we will continue the work in 1910 in
western Newfoundland and the Straits of Belle Isle, and in British
Columbia and Alberta, and another season will be spent in Nevada
and California.
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
I am greatly indebted to Prof. Atreus Wanner, Superintendent
of Public Schools at York, Pennsylvania, for very generously per-
mitting me to study and illustrate the material in his collection.’
Prof. H. Justin Roddy, of the State Normal School at Lancaster,
Pennsylvania, permitted me to examine the collection he had made
in Lancaster County, and loaned me specimens, and both he and
Professor Wanner took me over the areas from which they collected
specimens in central Pennsylvania. Dr. Joh. Chr. Moberg, of the
1 This form is now included in Pedewmias transitans.
* Professor Wanner has since presented to the United States National
Museum the specimens illustrated and described in this paper.
OLENELLUS AND OTHER GENERA OF MESONACIDA 235
University of Lund, Sweden, sent me casts and specimens of the
species described by him. Dr. B. N. Peach most kindly guided me
to the Loch Maree localities in northwest Scotland and, by the per-
mission of the Director of the Geological Survey of Great Britain,
Dr. J. Horne, in charge of the Scottish Survey, sent me the material
_ in the collections of the Geological Survey and the Royal Scottish
Museum at Edinburgh. Mr. Frank Raw of the University of Birm-
ingham sent me photographs and plaster casts of the specimens de-
scribed by him from the Comley sandstone of Shropshire, England.
Dr. John M. Clarke, of the New York State Survey, loaned me
the Ford specimens of Elliptocephala asaphoides, and Prof. George
H. Perkins, State Geologist of Vermont, sent me the material in
the State Survey collections from western Vermont. The Director
of the Geological Survey of Canada kindly loaned the specimens
in the Survey Museum.
Among the collectors who have assisted in obtaining the material
studied I wish to mention Mr. William P. Rust, of Trenton Falls,
New York, and Dr. Cooper Curtice, of Moravia, New York, both of
whom worked in the town of Georgia, Vermont, and in Washington
County, New York. Also Mr. F. B. Weeks, Mr. Henry Dickhaut,
and Mr. T. E. Williard, of the U. S. Geological Survey.
The material of value from Alberta and British Columbia was
principally collected by Mrs. Walcott and myself during the summer
of 1900.
To all I return my sincere thanks, and if I have omitted to men-
tion any who may have given assistance I trust that they will accept
an apology for my unintentional neglect.
Order OPISTHOPARIA Beecher
Order Opisthoparia Brecuer, 1897, American Journ. Sci., 4th ser., Vol. 3,
p. 187. (Defined as below.)
“Free cheeks generally separate [but not in the Mesonacidz],
always bearing the genal angles. Facial sutures [when not in a
state of synthesis] extending forwards from the posterior part of
the cephalon within the genal angles, and cutting the anterior margin
separately, or rarely uniting in front of the glabella. Compound,
paired holochroal [?] eyes on free cheeks [or corresponding portion
of cephalon], and well developed in all but the most primitive
family.”
The words enclosed in brackets I have added to Dr. Beecher’s
definition of the order.
236 SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS VOL. 53
Family MESONACIDAE* Walcott
Mesonacide Watcortt, 1891, Tenth Ann. Rept. U. S. Geol. Survey, p. 635.
(Cites Olenellus (Mesonacis) vermontana as typical of the family.
Declines to propose term Olenellid@ as it was too much like the family
name Olenida.)
Olenellide VocpvrEs, 1893, Occasional Papers California Acad. Sci., 4, p.
254. (Cites Olenellus thompsoni Hall as the type.)
Olenellide Moserc, 1899, Geol. Féren. i Stockholm Fo6rhandl., Bd. 21,
Hafte 4, p. 316. (The author includes under this family name the
following species: Georgiellus (Elliptocephala) asaphoides (Em-
mons), Olenellus thompsoni Hall, Holmia kjerulfii (Linnarsson),
Mesonacis vermontana (Hall), Mesonacis mickwitzi (Schmidt), and
Olenelloides armatus Peach.)
Olenellide LinpstROM, 1901, Kongl. Svenska Vet.-Akad. Handlingar, Vol.
34, No. 8, p. 12. (Uses Olenellide as a group name for the “ Olenellide
”
proper” and the Paradovine.)
Description.—Cephalon very large, wider than long, genal angles
with spines ; intergenal spines developed in young and may be pres-
ent in adult. Facial suture rudimentary, or in a condition of syn-
thesis. Eyes crescentic or semicircular and attached more or less
closely to the anterior lobe of the glabella by a rounded ridge; visual
surface of eyes with facets arranged in quincunx order. Hypostoma
usually with more or less spinose posterior margin. Thorax long,
composed of from 13 to 27 free segments. Pygidium small, margin
usually entire but may have from one to three spines. Surface of
test in adult specimens granular and usually with network of very
fine thread-like raised inosculating ridges.
The genera included are Nevadia, Mesonacis, Elliptocephala, Cal-
lavia, Holmia, Wanneria, Pedeumias, Olenellus, Peachella, and
Olenelloides.
OBSERVATIONS—DEVELOPMENT
Cephalon.—The youngest stage of growth known to me is the
Protaspis stage of Elliptocephala asaphoides |pl. 25, fig. 9]. In this
the palpebral ridges are continuous with the transversely elongated
anterior lobe of the glabella and arch about the spaces between the
glabella and the eye lobe, and continue back across the posterior
border of the cephalon. The segmentation of the cephalon is beauti-
fully shown by figs. 9, 10, and 22, pl. 25. In figs. 9 and 10 the
occipital segment merges into the strong ridge and spine formed by
the next two anterior segments; the fourth anterior segment curves
*The genus Mesonacis is more typical of the family than the genus Olenellus
and as Mesonacide was first used, I shall continue it in this paper.
OLENELLUS AND OTHER GENERA OF MESONACIDE 237
back against the palpebral ridge, and the latter, with the occular
segment, terminates against the large intergenal spine formed by the
prolongation of the glabellar segments. The pygidium is a simple
plate without axis or traces of segmentation. The young of Pe-
deumias transitans [pl. 25, fig. 22] of a little later stage of growth
has the segmentation of the cephalon finely shown, also remarkably
long, intergenal spines.
The progressive changes of the cephalon result in the gradual
separation of the intergenal and genal spines and the straightening
out of the posterior margin. This occurs in Pedeumias [pl. 25,
figs. 20-22], Elliptocephala [pl. 25, figs. 9-12], and Wanneria [pl.
31, figs. 8, 7, 5, and 6]. A curious phase in the later development
of the cephalon is the advancing of the genal angles from the line
of the occipital segment until they are forward of the anterior mar-
gin of the glabella. [See pl. 32 for Pedewmias, pl. 25 for Ellipto-
cephala, pl. 31 for Wanneria, and pl. 37 for Olenellus.|
The genal, intergenal, and antero-lateral spines of the cephalon
undoubtedly represent the pleural ends of segments that have been
fused together and greatly modified in the process. The genal
spines persist in the adult of the Mesonacidz and often the inter-
genal spines, but only in a modified manner. The intergenal spines
are seen in a later geological period in the adult Bronteus,’ where
they might be considered as a reversion to a character of their Cam-
brian ancestors. Hydrocephalus * appears to have an intergenal spine
and in all of the Proparia [ Beecher, 1897, p. 198] the “ genal spine”’
is attached to the space within the facial sutures, and is in fact the
prolongation of one of the fused segments of the cephalon, and
corresponds in this respect to the intergenal spine of the Mesonacide.
Some of the species of the genus Agnostus also show spines that
suggest the intergenal spine, notably dA. granulatus Barrande and
A. rex Barrande.° ;
Number of segments in the cephalon.—The question of the num-
ber of segments represented in the cephalon is one that cannot be
fully discussed here.” The presence of a palpebral segment that
appears to also form the larger part of the anterior glabellar lobe
* Barrande, 1872, pl. 9, figs. 12 and 13; and pl. 11, figs. 13 and 14.
7 Barrande, 1852, pl. 49.
* Barrande, 1852, pl. 49.
*The student is referred to a paper by H. M. Bernard on the “ Systematic
Position of the Trilobites,” Quart. Journ. Geol. Soc., London, Vol. 50, 1804,
Pp. 411-432; also to C. E. Beecher’s paper on the “ Larval Stages of Trilobites,”
American Geologist, Vol. 16, 1895, pp. 166-197.
“ee
238 SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS VOL. 53
in the young of Elliptocephala [pl. 25, figs. 9 and 10], Pedeumias
[pl. 25, fig. 22], and Olenellus [pl. 36, figs. 11-14], and the posterior
portion of the same lobe in Olenellus logani [pl. 41, fig. 6], is evi-
dence that there are six, if not seven, clearly defined segments in
the cephalon ; these include the occipital ring, the four segments rep-
resented by the glabellar lobes, and the occular or eye-bearing seg-
ment; the expansion of the latter may form the anterior portion
of the first glabellar lobe as indicated in Olenellus logam [pl. 41,
fig. 6], where the furrows on the glabella in advance of the palpebral
segment apparently outline the segment. In all trilobites where the
cheeks carry the visual surface of the eye, the cheeks may be con-
sidered as an expansion of the occular segment, and probably of a
segment in advance of it, and the genal spines are the outward ter-
mination of the occular segment. The anterior and second segments
of the glabella do not appear to terminate in spines, but the third
or fourth segment may be extended into the intergenal spines [pl.
25 Migs: O; STO sand! 22) ploy Te NO]:
It is not improbable that a seventh segment more anterior than
the occular segment existed in the primitive cephalon of the Mes-
onacidz ; this is indicated by the antero-lateral spines of the young
of Olenellus gilberti [pl. 36, figs. 11-14] and the larval-like cephalon
of Olenelloides [pl. 40, figs. 2 and 3] and by the cephalon of Cal-
lavia bicensis [pl. 41, fig. 9] where there are two pairs of furrows
in front of the palpebral ridge.
The preceding brief outline of the segments included in the ceph-
alon may be tabulated as follows:
1. Anterior border segment, the reflected margin of which sup-
ports the hypostoma.
2. Occular segment carrying the visual surface of the eye.
3. Palpebral or first glabellar segment from which the large an-
terior lobe of the glabella was largely developed, also the so-cailed
“occular” ridge, and the palpebral lobe.
4. Second glabellar segment which is usually extended beyond the
end of the third glabellar segment in the adult cephalon.
5. Third glabellar segment which may or may not be extended so
as to appear in the interpalpebral space.
6. Fourth glabellar segment. This segment in the young [pl. 25,
figs. 9, 10, 13, and 22; pl. 36, fig. 12] may be continued as an inter-
genal spine.
7. Occipital segment, the extensions of which terminate against
the intergenal spines [pl. 25, figs. 9, 10, and 22].
OLENELLUS AND .OTHER GENERA OF MESONACID/ZE 239
Eye.—tThe changes in the eye lobes vary in different genera. All
agree in having a proportionally very long eye lobe in the youngest
stages, such as those represented by figs. 9 and Io, pl. 25, of Ellipto-
cephala; figs. 20-22, pl. 25, of Pedewmias, and figs. 5-8, pl. 31, of
Wanneria. The elongated eye lobes remain during life in most of
the species of all of the genera, excepting Wanneria. In this latter
genus the eye lobe is very long in the young [pl. 31, figs. 8, 7, 5,
and 4] and short in the adult [pl. 31, figs. 1, 3; pl. 30, figs. r and 2].
Two species of the genus Olenellus have short eye lobes: O. fre-
monti [pl. 37] and O. canadensis [pl. 38]. The eye of O. fremonti
is unique in that it is larger in the adult [pl. 37, figs. 1, 2, 3, and 6]
than in the young stages of growth [figs. 8-12]. This is one of the
characters that leads me to consider that the species is one that is
descendent from a species that had attained, as far as the eye was
concerned, the most advanced stage of development of any species
of the Mesonacidz, and then through reversion developed the long
eye lobe in the adult. This stage might be represented by the small-
eyed O. canadensis.
In one species I have been so fortunate as to find the outer faceted
surface preserved [pl. 43, figs. 5 and 6]. This surface is perforated
by minute rounded, hexagonal openings arranged in oblique trans-
verse rows which gives them a more or less quincunx order. The
interstitial spaces between the openings are narrow, rounded ridges.
There is no trace of a corneal covering, and the surface is so much
like that of the outer surface of the eye of Limulus that I cannot
avoid the conclusion that they are of the same type [compare figs.
4 and 5, pl. 43], and “inward projections of the outer cuticle”
[ Bernard, 1894, p. 422]. Bernard concludes that the eye of Limulus
is more primitive than that of Apus. This may be a correct view,
but I strongly suspect that the primitive phylopods of the type of
Apus will be found to have developed earlier than the trilobites.
Dr. A. S. Packard [1880, p. 508], after comparing the eye of
Limulus with the sections of the eye of some Ordovician trilobites,
notably Asaphus and Bathyuwrus, came to the conclusion that the
hard parts of the eye of the trilobites and of Limulus were through-
out identical, and that the trilobite’s eye was organized on the same
plan as that of Limulus. Dr. G. Lindstrém, in his Researches on the
Visual Organs of the Trilobites [1901, pp. 26-27], found that there
were several types of eyes among the trilobites:
240 SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS VOL. 53
I. Genera with compound eyes having:
(a) prismatic plano-convex cornea facets ;
(b) round or bi-convex transversely elongate lenses ;
II. Genera with aggregate eyes of bi-convex lenses; and
III. Genera with isolated eyes, one or several stemmata at the extremity ofa
straight facial ridge.
He says [1901, p. 27] of the statement of Packard: “ This state-
nent is altogether wrong, and as I hope to show the trilobites have
had eyes entirely different from those of Limulus, and instead agree
with those of the Jsopoda and perhaps also with a few other
Crustacea.”
At the time Dr. Lindstr6m wrote he was unacquainted with the
visual surface of the eye of Olenellus and contended [1901, p. 9]
that all Cambrian trilobites were blind in not having eyes on the
upper surface of the cephalon. He thought that they might have
been provided with visual organs on the hypostoma. The dis-
covery of the faceted surface of the eye of Olenellus gilberti clearly
negatives the broad conclusion of the absence of a visual organ on
the upper surface of the cephalon and indicates that with sufficiently
well-preserved specimens the visual surface will be found on all
Cambrian trilobites with eyes. That it has not been found long ago
is probably due to the fact that the roughened visual surface without
a corneal covering adheres to the matrix and is broken off with it.
I do not wish to assert that the eyes of Olenellus and Limulus are
constructed on the same plan, but I do think that the outward ap-
pearance of the surface of the eye of the young specimens pegs
that they were similar [pl. 43, figs. 4 and 5].
Dr. Lindstrom [1901, p. 71] found maculz on the hypostoma of
136 species of 39 genera of trilobites, on 36 species of which it was
possible to study the structure of the macule through sections. He
states that while the structure that often characterizes the maculz as
a visual organ is very rudimentary, there is no doubt that it sub-
served the purpose of the visual organ, even where there is no trace
of any definite structure that is preserved in the fossil state. In final
conclusion he says [1901, p. 74]:
We find the macule of the trilobites present from the oldest Cambrian times
and we find also in them a progressive evolution, in some to a high degree,
lenses and facets, perfectly identical with those of the eyes on the head shield,
converting them into true eyes..... But there are, no doubt, still more facts to
adduce for filling up extant lacunz in the knowledge of these matters.
OLENELLUS AND OTHER GENERA OF MESONACIDA 241
1 have not been able to find maculze showing any definite structure
on the hypostoma of any species of the Mesonacidz. I see, however,
no «a priori reason why such structures should not be present.
From the structure and probable habits of the trilobite, as a mud-
burrowing animal more or less allied to Limulus, it does not at first
appear what special purpose was subserved by having visual organs
on the hypostoma. While thinking of this, I was led to revert to
observations that I made when collecting trilobites showing ventral
appendages. These notes [ Walcott, 1875, p. 159] state that of 1,160
specimens of Ceraurus noted on the under surface of a thin layer of
limestone, 1,110 were lying on their backs when buried in the sedi-
ment and but 50 presented the dorsal surface upward. Prof. Alex-
ander Agassiz in describing the habits of young Limulus says [1878,
pp. 75-76]:
Mr. C. D. Walcott has called attention to the fact that when collecting fossils
he finds large numbers of trilobites on their back*; from this he argues that
they died in their natural position, and that when living they probably swam
on their backs. He mentions, in support of his view, the well-known fact that
very young Limulus and other crustacea frequently swim in that position. I
have for several summers kept young horse-shoe crabs in my jars, and have
noticed that besides thus often swimming on their backs, they will remain in a
similar position for hours, perfectly quiet, on the bottom of the jars where they
are kept. When they cast their skin it invariably keeps the same attitude on the
bottom of the jar. It is not an uncammon thing to find on beaches, where ‘
Limulus is common, hundreds of skins thrown up and left dry by the tide,
the greater part of which are turned on their backs. An additional point to be
brought forward to show that the trilobites probably pass the greater part of
their life on their back, and die in that attitude, is that the young Limulus
generally feed while turned on their back; moving at an angle with the bottom,
the hind extremity raised, they throw out their feet beyond the anterior edge of
carapace, browsing, as it were, upon what they find in their road, and washing
away what they do not need by means of a powerful current produced by their
abdominal appendages.
My object in calling attention to the above facts in relation to the
habit of trilobites and Limulus is to suggest that in all probability
the eyes of the hypostoma were of service when the trilobite was
lying on its back on the sand or mud, and it was on this account that
they were thus developed. It is highly probable that the adult trilo-
bite crawled about the bottom and did not swim freely in the water
to the extent that it would be necessary for it to be able to see the
bottom. Its habits must have been very much like those of Limulus
when in search of food. That the trilobite burrowed and pushed
* Ann. Lyceum Nat. Hist. New York, Vol. 11, 1875, pp. 155-159.
242 SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS VOL. 53
its way through the mud and soft sands in a manner similar to that
of Limulus is proven by the trails and burrows left by it which we
now designate as Cruziana | Walcott, 1891, pls. 64-66].
Facial sutures —The facial sutures are rarely represented, even
by elevated lines on the exterior surface or depressed lines on the
interior surface of the cephalon. If we accept Beecher’s view that
the sutures are in a condition of symphysis [ Beecher, 1897, p. 191],
and that the elevated and depressed lines represent the suture be-
tween the cranidium and free cheeks, the latter bear the visual
surface of the eye. In my hurried study of the Olenellus fauna in
1886 and 1891 I permitted facial suture lines to be represented in
front of the eye in a specimen referred to Olenellus gilberti [Wal-
cott, 1886, pl. 20, fig. 11; 1891, pl. 86, fig. 1%] on evidence that now
appears to me to be insufficient, as the line may have been formed
by a fracture in the test.
In one specimen of Pedeumias transitans [pl. 33, fig. 1] an ele-
vated line having the usual curvature of the posterior facial suture
starts from the base of the eye at its posterior third and extends
with a gentle sigmoid curve outward and backward to the postero-
lateral angle of the cheek where it fades away. It is not probable
that this line represents the facial suture that has been lost in the
development of the cephalon, but it suggests that conclusion.
Prof. R. P. Whitfield [1884, p. 151, pl. 15, fig. 1] describes and
illustrates the curve of facial sutures in Olenellus thompsoni.. The
curve assigned to the sutures back of the eye is certainly incorrect,
as, from many specimens, we know that the elevated lines run to
the intergenal angles, and I strongly suspect that the suture as out-
lined in front of the eye is based on a crack in the test, as the speci-
men is flattened in the arenaceous shale.
Anterior glabellar lobe.—The anterior or first lobe of the glabella
in the young stages of growth is small and a part of the palpebral
segment of the cephalon [pl. 25, figs. 9, 10, and 22]. In what I con-
sider to be the most primitive genus of the Mesonacide, Nevadia
[pl. 23], the first lobe is small and not at all expanded as in Olenellus
[pl. 37]. In Callavia [pls. 27 and 28] the first lobe is also small,
although the genus occurs at a much higher horizon than Nevadia.
We find that Holmia weeksi [pl. 29] which is associated with
Nevadia has an expanded first glabellar lobe. That the small,
contracted first lobe of Nevadia is a primitive character is shown by
its occurring in the youngest stages of growth of all the genera of
* Referred in this paper to Pedeumias transitans.
OLENELLUS AND OTHER GENERA OF MESONACID.E 243
the Mesonacidze of which we have the young cephalon. The small
first glabellar lobe of Callavia is an illustration of the survival of
a primitive character in the adult of a later genus or it may be an
instance of reversion to a primitive character. The anterior glabellar
lobe of Pedeumias [pl. 34] and Olenellus [pls. 34-39] 1s expanded
and convex when found in a matrix favorable to preserving the con-
vexitv. Most specimens have been found in shales which accounts
for the flattening of the lobe and the fracturing of the test not onl;
of the lobe but of the adjoining parts of the cephalon. The expan-
sion of the anterior lobe of the glabella in the genera Mesonacis,
Elliptocephala, Holmia, Wanneria, Pedewmias, and Olenellus indi-
cates that these genera are of later origin than Nevadia, and this
conclusion is strengthened by the evidence afforded by a comparison
of the thorax of the genera. Callavia has the primitive glabella,
but its thorax indicates a later origin than the genera Nevadia,
Mesonacis, and Elliptocephala.
Another interesting character of the anterior lobe is the presence
in O. logani [pl. 41, fig. 9] of a faint furrow that extends inward a
short distance from the point where the anterior margin of the pal-
pebral ridges joins the anterior glabellar lobe; this pair of furrows
indicates that the lobe is formed of two segments of the original
primitive cephalon.* The palpebral segment is beautifully shown by
the young of Elliptecephala asaphoides [pl. 25, figs. 9 and Io].
Hypostoma.—The hypostoma has a convex central body that is
narrowed posteriorly by grooves that separate the body from a trans-
verse posterior portion on which maculz may be present. It may
be attached directly to the anterior doublure of the cephalon or by
a narrow process [pl. 34, figs. 5-7]. Minute specimens of the hy-
postoma of Wanneria halli [pl. 31, fig. 9] show a perforated,
flattened marginal border on the posterior and postero-lateral sides.
As the hypostoma increases in size the outer rim disappears and the
test between the lobes forms a denticulated margin as in Pedeumiuas
transitans [pl. 34, fig. 7]. The next development is the absorption
of the thickened points and the formation of true spines [pl. 34,
fig. 5]. This type of hypostoma is found in Elliptocephala asaphoides
[pl. 24, fig. 8], Holmia kjerulfi [pl. 27, fig. 7], Wanneria halli [pl.
31, fig. 9], Pedeumias transitans [pl. 34, figs. 5 and 6], Olenellus
gilberti [pl. 36, fig. 5], Olenellus fremonti [pl. 37, figs. 21 and 22],
*This anterior pair of furrows is: shown for Paradoxides by Barrande’s
illustrations of P. spinosus |Barrande, 1852, pl. 12, figs. 2, 3, and 6; and pl. 13,
fig. 1] and P. pusillus [Barrande, 1872, pl. 0, fig. 23].
\
\
244 SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS VOL. 53
Olenellus lapworthi [pl. 39, fig. 7], and Olenellus clayton [pl. 40,
fig. Qi|\;
The absorption of the spines and the resultant smooth margin
appears to have been accomplished in Callavia broggeri [pl. 27, fig.
2], C. crosbyi [pl. 28, fig. 6], Olenellus canadensis [pl. 38, figs. 2
and 3], Holmia lundgreni [pl. 40, fig. 6], and Mesonacis torrelh
[pl. 26, figs. 9 and Io]. :
The hypostoma of Olenellus has the maculz clearly indicated, but
none of the specimens are sufficiently well preserved to permit of
making thin sections to determine its structure.
Thorax.—As shown by adult specimens, the development of the
thorax from Nevadia to Olenellus, inclusive, may be divided into
six stages.
1. Nevadia stage: In Nevadia the thoracic segments of a uniform
character follow each other from the first to the seventeenth. At
the eighteenth segment an abrupt change occurs [pl. 23, figs. 1, 2,
and 4]. The grooved pleural lobe disappears and a spinose exten-
sion of the same general character as that attached to the anterior
pleural lobes is attached directly to the side of the axial lobe of the
posterior eleven segments. The dorsal shield is terminated by a very
small and simple pygidium.
2. Mesonacis stage: In Mesonacis [pl. 26, fig. 1] the thoracic
segments are fully developed from the first to the fourteenth. The
third segment is enlarged and the fifteenth segment has a large
median spine and the ten posterior segments form a distinct sub-
ordinate series of small but typical segments. The smaller posterior
segments are more advanced in development than the posterior seg-
ments of Nevadia, but not as much so as the anterior segments an-
terior to the fifteenth segment.
3. Elliptocephala stage: In Elhiptocephala the third segment is
relatively larger during the earlier stages of growth in which it
has been observed [pl. 24, figs. 3-5], but this disappears in the adult
[pl. 24, fig. 1], leaving the segments of a uniform character back
to the fourteenth where there is a series of five short segments with
long median spines. Most of the series of small segments of Nevadia
and Mesonacis have disappeared.
4. Holmia stage: In Holmia the 16 segments are in orderly suc-
cession and of a similar character; the pygidium remains relatively
small and more or less rudimentary. This is best shown by Holmia
kjerulfi [pl. 27, fig. 7] and H. rowe: [pl. 20, figs. 3 and 4]. In
Wanneria walcottanus a short, slender spine appears on the four-
OLENELLUS AND OTHER GENERA OF MESONACID/E 245
teenth segment in fully matured dorsal shields [pl. 30, figs. 10-12] ;
otherwise the segments are of the same character, except as they
decrease uniformly in size to the pygidium. In Callavia brég-
geri [pl. 27, fig. 1] the seventeenth and eighteenth segments are rela-
tively smaller, in this respect resembling the shorter posterior seg-
ments of Mesonacis and Elliptocephala.
5. Pedeunuas stage: In Pedeumias transitans [pl. 33] we find
the transition stage between the stages represented by Mesonacis
[pl. 26], Elliptocephala |pl. 24], and Olenellus thompsoni [pl. 35].
There are fourteen fully developed segments with the third segment
enlarged and the fifteenth segment developed into a strong, long
spine with the pleural lobes of the segment absent. Beneath and
back of the large spine there are from two to six rudimentary seg-
ments without pleural lobes, and a simple plate-like pygidium.
6. Olenellus stage: Fourteen fully developed segments, a large
third segment, and the fifteenth segment a strong terminal telson;
posterior rudimentary segments and true pygidium of the Pedeumias
stage absorbed [pl. 35, fig. 1] or the rudimentary segments and
pygidium have disappeared and the large median spine of Pedeumias
has become the telson of Olenellus.
Olenellus is the last genus of the Olenellus branch of the Mesona-
cide to develop, and from Pedeumias transitans we find evidence
that it has passed through the Holmia stage [pl. 32, figs. 2 and 3]
and the Fedeumias stage [pl. 33] before becoming a true Olenellus.
The enlarged third segment of Olenellus [pl. 35, fig. 1] also occurs
in Mesonacis [pl. 26, fig. 1] and in the younger stages of growth of
Elliptocephala [pl. 24, figs. 3-5]. In Olenelloides [pl. 40, fig. 3]
both the third and sixth segments are enlarged. The catise of the
enlargement and prolongation of the third segment is unknown. In
Parado.xides the pleurz of the second segment are elongated in small
specimens of several species [Barrande, 1852, pl. Io, fig. 25; pl. 12,
figs. 5-7; and pl. 13, fig. 16].
Peachella——We know nothing of the thorax of Peachella |pl. 40,
figs. 17-19], but from the cephalon it. is probable that it was of the
Olenellus type.
Olenelloides.—The thorax and large cephalon of Olenelloides [pl.
40, fig. 3] indicates a degenerate type and a stage of growth beyond
which the animal could not develop. For the present it may be
placed as a degenerate of the Olenellus stage of development.
Pygidium.—The pygidium is a simple transverse plate in the
protaspis stage and it is not strongly developed in any genus and
Ni
246 SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS VOL. 53
species of the Mesonacidze. It is very small, essentially rudimentary,
and its segmentation is limited to one transverse ring on the median
lobe [pl. 29, fig. 11].
The telson of Olenellus is not considered to be a true pygidium.
It resembles the telson of Limulus, but this resemblance does not
necessarily indicate that Olenellus was the ancestor of Limulus; its
origin does, however, indicate the manner in which the telson of
Limulus may have originated.
DELIMITATION. OF GENERA
The cephalon in all genera of the Mesonacidz is so nearly similar
that only specific differences appear to be present, except in Newadia
and Callavia, which have a small anterior glabellar lobe. The modi-
fications of the thorax are largely taken as the basis for generic
separation. The pygidium is essentially the same in all of the genera.
Nevadia.—N evadia [pl. 23] is characterized by the presence of
small, simple segments (primitive segments) on the posterior portion
of the thorax that have not been developed to the same degree as
the segments anterior to them. In the type Nevadia weeksi the
posterior eleven primitive segments have cnly the axial lobe and a
spinose continuation on each side [pl. 23, figs. 1, 2, and 4]; the
grooved pleural lobe of the seventeen more specialized anterior seg-
ments is not present. The spinose extensions of the posterior seg-
ments are proportionally much rounder and smaller than those of
the anterior seventeen segments. As far as known the posterior
thoracic spines of Elliptocephala [pl. 24, figs. 1 and 9] and the great
spine of the fifteenth segment of Wanneria [pl. 30, fig. 11] and
Mesonacis [pl. 26, fig. 1] were not developed in Nevadia.
The only species referred to Nevadia is N. weeksi Walcott.
Mesonacis.—This form [pl. 26, fig. 1] is essentially the same as
Elliptocephala, but it has an enlarged third segment in the adult and
a strong spine on the fifteenth segment. The posterior contracted
segments are also of a different character. In Mcesonacis they are
similar to those anterior to the fifteenth segment, while in Ellipto-
cephala asaphoides they lose the long-curved pleura so characteristic
of the anterior thirteen segments.
The posterior ten segments may be said to be [pl. 26, figs. 1, 2,
and 3] less developed, proportionally than the anterior segments,
although possessing a well-defined furrowed pleural lobe. A trace
of this character is also preserved in Callavia bréggeri [pl. 27, fig. 1]
where the two posterior thoracic segments are proportionally smaller
than the anterior segments.
OLENELLUS AND OTHER GENERA OF MESONACIDZ 2477
The species referred to Mesonacis are: M. vermontana (Hall),
M. mickwitzt (Schmidt), and MW. torrelli (Moberg).
Elliptocephala.—In Elliptocephala [pl. 24, figs. 1, 2, and g] the
posterior five segments are more highly developed than the primitive
segments of Nevadia, but not as much so as the segments anterior
to them. The abrupt narrowing of the thorax of Elliptocephala is
of the same type as that shown by Mesonacis [pl. 26, fig. 1], but it
does not have the large third segment in the adult stage or the great
Spine on the fifteenth segment.
The one species referred to Elliptocephala is E. asaphoides
Emmons.
Callavia.—Callavia [ pl. 27, fig. 1; pl. 28, figs. 4 and 8] has a trace
of the constricted pleurze of the posterior portion of the thorax in
the two last segments; these are of the same type as the anterior
segments. The broad thorax of Callavia with the falcate extensions
of the pleurz are quite unlike the narrow thorax of Holmia [pl. 27,
fig. 7] with its spinose pleural extensions. There are differences of
importance in the cephalon as compared with Holmia. The glabella
of Callavia is narrower and more primitive and its intergenal spine
is less primitive. The pleural furrow of Callavia is narrow and
oblique like that of Paradoxides, while the pleural furrow of Holmia
and Wanneria [pl. 30] is broad and straight like that of all other
known genera of the Mesonacidee. It is doubtful if Callavia should
precede Holmia, but from its primitive glabella and the retaining of
two shortened thoracic segments it appears to be nearer Elliptoce ph-
ala than does Holmuia.
The species referred: to Callawia are: C. bicensis Walcott, C.
broggerit (Walcott), C. burri Walcott, C. callaveit (Lapworth), C.
cartlandi (Raw), C. crosbyi Walcott, and C. nevadensis Walcott.
Holmia.—olmia [pl. 27, fig. 7] with its uniform series of seg-
ments and simple plate-like pygidium appears to represent a stage
in the development of the Mesonacide that followed the Ellipto-
cephala-Mesonacis stages. It has lost the rudimentary thoracic seg-
ments of Nevada, it is without the large third segment of the adult
Olenellus and Mesonacis, and it is not known to have had an en-
larged third segment at any stage of growth. The posterior segments
do not show the restricted character of those posterior to the fif-
teenth spine bearing segment of Mesonacis, or the rudimentary form
of the posterior segments of Pedcumias.
The species referred to Holmia are: H. kjerulfi (Linnarsson),
H. lundgrent (Moberg), and H. rowei Walcott.
248 SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS VOL. 53
Wanneria—Wanneria [pl. 30] has a uniform series of thoracic
segments with the pleure terminating in broad falcate extensions
beyond the body line [pl. 30, fig. 1] instead of spinose ends as in
Holmia [pl. 27, fig. 7]. It has a great median spine on the fifteenth
segment, much like that of Mesonacis [pl. 26, fig. 1] and Pedewmias
transitans [pl. 33]. The posterior segments are not rudimentary as
in the latter species. For comparison with Callavia see above.
The species referred to Wanneria are: W. walcottanus (Wanner),
W. gracile Walcott, and W. halli Walcott.
Pedeumias.—The posterior rudimentary thoracic segments of Pe-
deumias transitans [pl. 33] appear to be the result of the absorption
of the posterior segments of a many segmented ancestor and are
unlike the rudimentary posterior segments of Nevadia, which I
think are the originally less developed segments and which re-
cord a stage in the early evolution of the Mesonacidz that has not
been found in any other known species. The pygidium is also rudi-
mentary. The distinctive characters of the genus are in the presence
of the rudimentary segments and pygidium.
The only species referred to Pedeumias is P. transitans Walcott.
Olenellus—That Olenellus [pls. 37-39] should result from the
great development of the median spine on the fifteenth segment and
the absorption of the posterior rudimentary segments and pygidium
of its Mesonacis stage of development [pl. 33] is of great interest,
as it proves it to be the last phase of development of this line of
the Mesonacide. Olenellus thompsoni passes through a Holmuia
[pl. 32, figs. 1-3] and Pedeunuas stage [pl. 33] before bécoming a
true Olenellus.
The American species referred to Olenellus are: O. thompson
Hall and its variety crassimarginatus Walcott, O. gilberti Meek and
an undetermined variety, O. fremonti Walcott, O. canadensis Wal-
cott. O. claytoni Walcott, O. argentus Walcott, and O. walcotti
(Shaler and Foerste).
The European species are: O. gigas Peach, O. lapworthi Peach,
O. reticulatus Peach, and Olenellus 2 sp. undt.
Peachella.—Peachella |p\. 40, figs. 17-19] is known only by its
cephalon. This indicates a type related to Wanneria gracile [pl. 38,
figs. 21 and 22] or the younger stages of growth of Olenellus
canadensis [pl. 38, fig. 6]. It is probable that the thorax and py-
gidium will be found to be much like that of Olenellus.
The only species known 1s P. iddingsi (Walcott).
Olenelloides.—Olenelloides is clearly defined by its large cephalon
and primitive thorax and pygidium.
OLENELLUS AND OTHER GENERA OF MESONACIDE= 249
DEVELOPMENT OF MESONACID/
The development of the Mesonacide from some annelidian-like
ancestor by the gradual combination of segments to form the cepha-
lon and pygidium is indicated by the examples cited of Nevadia,
Elliptocephala, Holmia, and Pedeumias. The cephalon, as we know
it, was developed in pre-Cambrian time, also the pleural lobes of the
thorax. The compact, strong pygidium, made up of many seg-
ments, does not occur in the Mesonacide, and is unknown in any
trilobite from the beds of the Lower Cambrian in which the simplest
form of the Lower Cambrian trilobites (Nevadia weeksi) occurs.
With my present information I am inclined to think that Parado.x-
ides descended through the Callavia-Wanneria line, rather than the
Mesonacis-Olenellus line. The latter line expended its force and
became extinct in Lower Cambrian time, leaving no descendant to
pass into the Middle Cambrian.
Diagrammatically represented my present conclusion as to the
development of the known genera of the Mesonacide is as follows,
beginning with Nevadia at the base.
MIppLe CAMBRIAN PARADOXIDES
Wanneria Peachella Ollenelloides
| | ae re |
Holmia Olenellus
|
pai
Callavia Pzedeumias
\
LOWER CAMBRIAN| \ Hiliprocephala
Mesonacis
ee
‘Nevadia
|
| PRE-CAMBRIAN | r
The presence of a Holmia-like species (H. rowet) with Nevadia in
the oldest known horizon of the Mesonacidz indicates that more
primitive forms of the Nevadia type existed at an earlier epoch
before Holmia was developed by the absorption of the simple pos-
terior segments of its Nevadian progenitor.
250 SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS VOL. 53
Mesonacis occurs in association with Olenellus, but I think that
Mesonacis-like forms developed at an early epoch and that Mesonacis
vermontana 1s a survival of a stage in the evolution of Olenellus
that preceded Elliptocephala and Pedeunuas. One of the conclusions
resulting from this study of the Mesonacide is that we know only
a few of the representatives of the family, and of these only a very
few showing the younger stages of growth, and the entire dorsal
shield.
MESONACIDA AND PARADOXINZ#
The family Mesonacide is distinguished from the Paradoxine
mainly by the presence in the latter of free cheeks separable on the
line of the facial sutures from the cranidium. In the Mesonacidee
the facial sutures are in a state of symphysis and the free cheeks
and cranidium are frequently not to be distinguished.
STRATIGRAPHIC POSITION OF THE GENERA
AND SPECIES
All of the known species of the Mesonacidz occur in the Lower
Cambrian or Georgian terrane. At the type locality in the town of
Georgia, Vermont, Olenellus and Mesonacis occur in the same
beds, and as far as known to me all known species of Olenellus, as
restricted, are from the upper zones of the Georgian terrane.
In the accompanying table of genera and species the Lower Cam-
brian is arbitrarily divided into four divisions or zones, as follows:
D=Olenellus, or upper zone.
C=Callavia zone.
B=Elliptocephala zone.
A= Nevadia, or lower zone.
In the Nevadia zone (A) we find the genus Nevadia |pl. 23] with
one species, also a species that is referred to Holmia, H. rowet
[pl. 29].
In zone “B” which is above zone “A” Elliptocephala occurs,
also, doubtfully, Wanneria and Olenellus.
In zone “C” which is high up in the Lower Cambrian, but not
the upper zone, Callavia is represented by five species, Mesonacis by
two, Holmia by two, Olenellus by one, and two are doubtfully re-
ferred to this horizon.
In zone “D” Olenellus is represented by eleven species, Pe-
deumias by one, Wanneria by two, Callavia by one, and Mesonacis
by one.
OLENELLUS AND OTHER GENERA OF MESONACID/E
251
Lower CAMBRIAN.
GENERA AND SPECIES.
A! B!
ci
D!
INGE EETG IASI 7 ea Pe i a ae
WMEGKSU; MEW SPECIES 0a chide ck sieidis ciel clea eels eo X
PIO GE PMGIAD ISININONSs, ss seis Aticke tase ela Sake ec eg [os hreteeess a
PEPER INeS ECCTSERUDEAS, bao S ees ole nigiysd wad = x ese. || ove wk %
me SONCGIS: NVAlCOttl. 220. ace maces: 336 LS a cIU SIE ted KE CrcRe
BenIChiOtE2 (CC OGHMICE )ines~ Secnntisn Sanaa as aborted OOD
WHESOMCAS. LORI, (ONION ETE.) i. 2a. o oie 13
Width of axial lobe eighteenth segment...........: Pony carat 9
Width of pleural lohe; anterior seoments... 0.0. 60546 eee he ie 20
Width of pleural lobe, eighteenth segment...................2000- 3
Pygidium:
[APs yon hd oa ges Bg a RR a PA a ea about 6
Witithenaie trOnieeee: otey cae mere tie iy eee, ERs Je ee 13
274. SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS VOL. 53
The preceding description is based on adult flattened specimens of
E. asaphoides Emmons, as shown by fig. 1, pl. 24. In uncompressed
cephalons and dorsal shield from a limestone matrix [figs. 3-7, pl.
24], the convexity is greater and the relief of the surface stronger.
FoRMATION AND LocaLiry.—Lower Cambrian: Greenwich forma-
tion [Dale, 1904, pp. 29, 43, and 50, and pl. I] in thin-bedded lime-
stones interbedded in siliceous shales at the following localities:
(35b)* adjoining the house of D. W. Reed on the roadside near the
Old Reynolds Inn, 1 mile (1.6 km.) west of North Greenwich;
(35) western side of D. W. Reed’s farm, 1.5 miles (2.4 km.) north
of Bald Mountain; (36a) on the roadside about 3 miles (4.8 km.)
northeast of North Greenwich; (33) on the roadside near Rock
Hill Schoolhouse No. 8 in Greenwich Township; (33b) 1.5 miles
(2.4km.) east-southeast of North Greenwich; (34) a little west
of the bridge over the Poultney River at Low Hampton; (45b) on
the roadside 70 rods east of Bristol’s house at Low Hampton; (36)
1 mile (1.6 km.) south of Shushan in the town of Jackson, 3.5 miles
(5.6 km.) north of Cambridge; (38) .25 mile (.4 km.) north of
John Hulett’s farmhouse, 3 miles (4.8 km.) west of South Gran-
ville; (38a) 2 miles south of North Granville on the road which
turns south from the road running between that village and Truth-
ville; and (37) 1.5 miles (2.4 km.) south of Salem; all in Washing-
ton County, New York.
(29a) limestone 1 mile (1.6 km.) below the New York Central
Railroad depot at Schodack Landing; and (27) even-bedded and
conglomerate limestones on the ridge in the eastern suburb of Troy;
both in Rensselaer County, New York.
(32) sandstone on the south slope of Stissing Mountain, Dutchess
County, New York.
Genus CALLAVIA Matthew
Olenellus WaAtcotr (in part) [not HAti], 1866, Bulli. U. S. Geol. Survey,
No. 30, pp. 162-166. (Described and discussed. As discussed the genus
includes forms now referred not only to Olenellus, but to Callavia,
Elliptocephala, and Peachella.)
Olcnellus Waucotr (in part) [not Hat], 1891, Tenth Ann. Rept. U. S.
Geol. Survey. pp. 633-635. (As discussed the genus includes forms
now referred to both Olenellus and Callavia.)
Cephalacanthus LavwortH (in part) [not LaAckPEpE], 1891, Tenth Ann.
Rept. U. S. Geol. Survey, by Chas. D. Walcott, p. 641. (Proposed as a
new genus to include Olenellus kjcrulfi, O. bréggeri, and O. callavei.
The name was, however, preoccupied by Lacépéde, 1802, Hist. Nat.
Ross, Viol.’3\ 4p. 323.)
‘This is the Reynolds Inn locality of Emmons and Fitch.
OLENELLUS AND OTHER GENERA OF MESONACID/E 275
Cephalacanthus LApwortH (in part), 1891, Geological Magazine, Dec. 3,
Vol. 8, p. 531. (Gives reasons for proposing the genus. The reference
to the original place of publication of Cephalacanthus is given as “ Geol.
Mag., 1888, p. 641” it should be “ Tenth Ann. Rept. U. S. Geol. Survey,
by Chas. D. Walcott, 18901, p. 641.” )
Holmia Peacu and Horne (in part), 1892, Quart. Journ. Geol. Soc. Lon-
don, Vol. 48, p. 236. (As defined this genus includes forms now re-
ferred to both Holmia and Callavia. )
Holmia (Olenellus) Pracu (in part), 1894, Idem, Vol. 50, pp. 671-674.
(As discussed in these pages this genus includes forms now referred
to both Holmia and Callavia. )
Callavia MatrHEew, 1897, American Geologist, Vol. I9, p. 397, footnote.
(Generic name proposed to include “Olenellus bréggeri” Walcott
and “ Olenellus callavii” Lapworth on account of the glabella differing
from that of “ Olenellus (Holmia) kjerulfi.”’)
Holmia Moserc (in part), 1899, Geol. Foren. i Stockholm Foérhandl., Bd.
21, Hafte 4, pp. 314 and 318. (As characterized the genus includes two
species now placed under Callavia. )
Dorsal shield broad ovate, moderately convex; cephalon broad,
semicircular ; marginal rim broad and continued into genal spines;
posterior margin with a strong, short intergenal spine just within
the genal angle and the rudimentary facial suture.
Facial sutures rudimentary or in a condition of synthesis back of
the eye, but not observed in front of the eye. Eye lobes narrow,
elongate-crescentiform. Glabella clavate-elongate, with the large
anterior lobe contracting toward the front. The three posterior
lobes are not strongly defined, the occipital ring has a strong median
spine extending back over the thorax.
Hypostoma convex, broad in front, narrowing to the broadly
rounded, smooth posterior margin; crossed within the narrow pos-
terior margin by a sulcus subparallel to the margin, also a flattened .
ridge anterior to which a strong groove is outlined on each side;
antennal furrows, + +, fig. 2, pl. 27, gently arched inward on the
lateral margins.
Thorax with fifteen to eighteen segments. Axial lobe convex,
with an elongate node or spine at the center. Pleural lobes broad
and passing gradually into the broad, curved extensions of each seg-
ment ; pleural furrows extending from the side of the axial lobe out
to the beginning of the curved terminations of the pleure.
Pygidium small, transverse, and with a transverse groove near the
anterior margin; lateral lobes not developed.
Surface minutely granular and with irregular network of very
narrow, irregular anastomosing ridges.
Genotype.—Olenellus (Holmia) broggeri Walcott.
270 SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS VOL. 53
Stratigraphic range-—Lower Cambrian (Georgian) terrane in a
zone about 75 feet thick that is 270 feet below the zone of Paradox-
ides hicksi [Walcott, 1891, pp. 260-261]. Caliavia bréggeri occurs
in numbers 2 and 4 of the section.
Geographic distridution.—Atlantic Coast Province, Callavia brég-
geri occurs about the head of Conception Bay, Newfoundland, and
C. crosbyt and C. burri in eastern Massachusetts near Weymouth.
Callavia callavei Lapworth is from central Shropshire, England.
Observations.—Moberg [1899, p. 318, footnote] called attention
to the variation of Holmia broggeri Walcott, H. callacvei Lapworth,
and H. lundgrent Moberg from Holmia kjerulf Linnarsson, and
raised the question as to whether they should not form a new genus
or subgenus. With the new material furnished by Callavia crosbyi,
a form closely related to C. bréggeri Walcott, formerly referred to
Holmia, and by Holmia rowei Walcott, I decided to group Olenellus
(Holmia) broggeri Walcott [1891], Olenellus callavei Lapworth
[1891, pp. 530-536], and the two species described in this paper as
Callavia crosbyi and C. burri under a new genus. Later I found
(hidden away in a footnote’) that Dr. G. F. Matthew had proposed
the name Callavia to include the same species on account of the char-
acter of the glabella.
Callavia broggeri [pl. 27, fig. 1] differs from Holmia kjerulfi Lin-
narsson [pl. 27, fig. 7], the genotype of Holama, in having the first
lobe of the glabella constricted in front instead of expanded; in the
presence of a strong occipital spine, and in having broad, sickle-
shaped extensions of the pleure [fig. 6] instead of sharp, spine-like
terminations as in H. kjerulfi [fig. 7].
The glabella appears to be of a more primitive type than that of
Holmia, in this respect resembling the glabella of Nevadia [pl. 23,
fig. 3], and that of the young of Elliptocephala [pl. 25, figs. 13
and 14].
Callavia has the intergenal spines in the adult close to the genal
spines, and forming a part of the posterior margin of the cephalon,
instead of a distinct spine crossing it half way between the glabella
and genal spine, as in Holmia.
Comparing Callavia and Holmia as to the stages of development
shown by their various parts, we find that the glabella of Callavia
is more primitive, the intergenal spine and pleurz less primitive.
The comparisons between Callavia and Wamnneria are made under
observations on the former genus [p. 247].
Matthew, 1897, p. 397, footnote. ,
7%
OLENELLUS AND OTHER GENERA OF MESONACIDZE 277
CALLAVIA BICENSIS, new species
PLATE 41, FIGS. 9, 9A
Cephalon longitudinally, broadly semi-elliptical; strongly convex,
with the eye lobes and front lobe of the glabella rising abruptly
from the cheeks; marginal border slightly rounded and separated
from the cheeks by a shallow, rounded groove; it broadens somewhat
at the genal angles, where it is prolonged into spines; the posterior
marginal border is narrow and convex beside the occipital ring,
from whence it flattens out and broadens before uniting with the
border at the genal angle; an oblique thickening occurs where the
low ridge extending from the posterior end of the eye crosses the
margin.
Glabella with a large, convex anterior lobe that rises abruptly from
the narrow space between it and the anterior marginal border ; this
lobe has two short and slightly defined furrows on each side that
originate near the front margin of the palpebral ridge ; the posterior
of the two furrows extends inward on a line almost directly across
the lobe and the anterior furrow extends inward subparallel to the
rounded lateral margin of the lobe; a narrow, low ridge extends
all about the front of the lobe very much in the same manner as a
similar ridge in Callavia crosbyi [pl. 28, fig. 1] ; the posterior lateral
angles of the lobe are connected to the palpebral lobe by a strong,
rounded ridge; the second glabellar lobe is narrow and arched
slightly backward at each end so as to nearly enclose the ends of
the third lobe, which is thus shortened, but it is still transversely
longer than the fourth lobe; the fourth lobe is transversely shorter
than the second and third, also a little wider; the second, third, and
fourth lobes all arch backward, and are very faintly defined across
the center of the glabella. The glabella is narrow at the base, ex-
panding to where it unites with the palpebral lobe, from whence
it contracts toward its front margin; this gives an outline some-
what similar to that of Callavia bréggeri [pl. 27, fig. 1]. Occipital
ring about the same width and Jength as the fourth glabellar lobe;
it is marked by a small median node that rises from its highest point
at the posterior margin. Palpebral lobes narrow, elevated, and
gently arched from their connection to the first glabellar lobe to
opposite the glabellar furrow between the occipital ring and fourth
elabellar lobe ; the posterior end of the lobe is about as far from the
side of the glabella as the width of the fourth glabellar lobe; the
palpebral lobes, although elevated, do not rise to the level of the
4—w
278 SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS VOL. 53
median line of the glabella; they slope rather abruptly inward to
the nearly flat interpalpebral area. Visual surface of eye narrow
and arching around beneath the outer margin of the palpebral lobe.
Cheeks of medium width and sloping rapidly, with a gentle curva-
ture, from the base of the eye and the anterior glabellar lobe to the
intermarginal furrow; a facial suture is indicated back of the eye
by a narrow ridge extending from the posterior end of the eye
obliquely outward and backward so as to cross the posterior mar-
ginal border obliquely about two-thirds of the distance from the
occipital ring to the genal angle.
The portions of the thorax preserved show that the thoracic seg-
ments had a strongly arched axial lobe with a median spine on each
segment ; the pleural lobes are relatively short and of the same char-
acter as those of Callavia crosbyi [pl. 28, fig. 4] ; the pleural furrow
is rather broad next to the axial lobe, from whence it narrows out
to the rather short falcate termination. The segments shown on the
specimen illustrated belong to the middle portion of the thorax;
several of the other segments have been crowded up beneath the
cephalon, as shown by the breaking away of a portion of the cheek.
Surface of the cephalon and of thoracic segments ornamented by
an extremely fine network of raised ridges, such as characterize the
surface of C. crosby1 [pl. 28, fig. 7]. There is also ayseties oi yen
fine irregular ridges radiating from the base of the eye and anterior
lobe of the glabella outward to the intermarginal furrow.
Dimensions.—The type specimen of a cephalon has a length of
13 mm., with a width of Ig mm. The proportions of other parts of
the cephalon are illustrated by fig. 9, pl. 41, which is based on a
photograph enlarged two diameters.
Observations.—This species is described from a single specimen
found in the conglomerate limestone at Bic. It shows an entire
cephalon and several of the middle segments of the thorax. The
illustration is drawn from a cast made in the natural matrix from
which the specimen was broken in breaking the limestone. Numer-
ous fragments of large thoracic segments similar to those of Callavia
bréggert were found in the same boulder of limestone, but there
were no traces of the cephalon except bits of the cheeks and palpebral
lobes. The ends of the pleurz are illustrated by figs. 10 and Ioa,
plow:
Callavia bicensis differs from C. crosbyi in the outline of the
cephalon and glabella, proportions of palpebral lobes, glabella, and
cheeks. It does not have the great occipital spine of C. brdggeri or
the tapering, conical glabella of C. burri [pl. 28, fig. o].
OLENELLUS AND OTHER GENERA OF MESONACID® 279
The associated fossils are Micromitra nisus Walcott, Botsfordia
celata (Hall), Hyolithes, Discinella, fragments of large species of
Callavia, and Protypus sp. (?)
FORMATION AND LocaLity.—Lower Cambrian (2r) a@ limestone
boulder enclosed in a conglomerate of probable Upper Cambrian age,
im a railroad cut 2 miles (3.2 km.) west of the railroad station at
Bic, Province of Quebec, Canada.
CALLAVIA BROGGERI Walcott
PLATE 27, Fics. 1-6
Olenellus bréggeri WaAtcort, 1888, Name proposed at exhibition of speci-
mens at the International Geological Congress, London.
Olenellus bréggeri Watcott, 1888, Nature, Vol. 38, p. 551. (Name used
in geologic section. )
Olenellus (Mesonacis) bréggeri Watcott, 1889, American Journ. Sci., 3d
ser., Vol. 37, pp. 378-380. (Description of localities and horizon in
geological section).
Olenellus (Mesonacis) bréggeri Watcott, 1890, Proc. U. S. National
Museum, Vol. 12, p. 41. (Describes species and compares it with other
species of Olenellus.)
Holmia ? breggeri (Walcott), MArcou, 1890, American Geologist, Vol. 5,
pp. 370-371. (Contends that this species is not a true Olenellus, and
refers it tentatively to Holmua.)
Olenellus (Holmia) broggeri Watcort, 1891, Tenth Ann. Rept. U. S.
Geol. Survey, pp. 638-640, pl. 91, fig. 1; pl. 92, figs. 1, ta-h. (Described
and discussed. Figure 1, pl. 92, is copied in this paper, pl. 27, fig. 1,
and pl. 44, fig. 4. Figures 1c, 1d, Ie (in part), 1g, and th, pl. 92, are
copied in this paper, pl. 27, figs. 5, 6, 2, 4, and 3 respectively. )
Cephalacanthus bréggeri LApwortH, 1891, Tenth Ann. Rept. U. S. Geol.
Survey, by Chas. D. Walcott, p. 641. (Compared with “ Cephalacanthus
callavei.” )
Callavia bréggeri MATTHEW, 1897, American Geologist, Vol. 19, p. 397,
footnote. (New genus proposed.)
Olenellus (Holmia) breggeri (Walcott), Pomprcky, 1901, Zeitschr.
Deutschen geol. Gesellsch., Vol. 53, Heft 2, pl. 1, fig. 10. (Mentioned
frequently on pages 14-17 in a discussion of the relations between
Olenopsis and various genera of the Mesonacidae. Figure 10 is copied
from Walcott, 1891, pl. 91, fig. I.)
Olenellus bréggeri (Walcott), BERNARD, 1894, Quart. Journ. Geol. Soc.
London, Vol. 50, p. 423. ._ (Calls attention to the occipital spine as a
modification of the “ dorsal organ” of Apus.)
Holmia bréggeri (Walcott), PeAacu, 1894, Idem, pp. 672 and 673. (Refers
to this species in discussion of Olenellus.)
Not Olenellus (Holmia) bréggeri Burr, 1900, American Geologist, Vol.
25, pp. 43-45. (Referred in this paper to Callavia crosbyi.)
Not Olenellus (Holmia) bréggeri GRABAU, 1900, Occasional Papers, Bos-
ton Soc. Nat. Hist., No. 4, Vol. 1, pt. 3, pp. 662-664, pl. 33, figs. Ia-j.
(Referred in this paper to Callavia crosbyi.)
280 SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS VOL. 53
The new material of this species that has been added to our
collection since the specific description was published in 1891 [ Wal-
cott, pp. 638-641] shows that the intergenal spines of a small ceph-
alon 5 mm. in length are long and slender, and extend a little beyond
the points of the genal spines. The glabellar furrows are very faint
and the occipital spine slender. The generic relations of the species
have been discussed under the genus Callavia [p. 276].
ForMATION AND LocaLiry.—Lower Cambrian: (41) sandstone’
in a railroad cut 1 mile (1.6 km.) west of the Manuels Brook rail-
way bridge; (7) a decomposed arenaceous limestone 1,200 feet
(366 m.) west of the railway bridge mentioned in 41; in railway
cuts 300 feet (QI m.) west (5p), 1 mile (1.6 km.) west (5s), and
1.5 miles (2.4 km.) west (5r) of Manuel Station; (41a) a compact,
thin-bedded limestone beneath Topsail Head; (42) a horizon nearly
corresponding to the base of the Manuels Brook section, on Brigus
Head; and at (5t and 5u) slightly different horizons* on Redrock
Point, near Chapple Cove, Hollywood Point; all on Conception
Bay, Newfoundland.
(5n) shale on Smith Point in Smith Sound, Trinity Bay, New-
foundland.
CALLAVIA BURRI, new species
PLATE 28, Fics. 9-10
Olenellus sp. Burr, 1900, American Geologist, Vol. 25, p. 45. (Notes
occurrence of an unidentified species of Olenellus.)
Olenellus sp. GRABAU, 1900, Occasional Papers, Boston Soc. Nat. Hist., No.
4, Vol. I, pt. 3, pp. 665-667, pl. 34, figs. Ia-b. (Described as possibly
belonging to a new subgenus of Olenellus. The specimen represented
by figure Ia is redrawn in this paper, pl. 28, fig. 9.)
Cephalon semicircular in outline, moderately convex in its fine,
quartzitic sandstone matrix ; bordered by a moderately broad, slightly
convex rim that is separated from the cheeks by a faintly defined
furrow; genal angles, as now known, extended in small, short, flat-
tened spines; posterior border narrow and rounded next to the
occipital ring and gradually widening to where it curves into the
outer border at the genal angle; it has a slight undulation midway
of its length, but is not interrupted by the crossing of the ridges of
intergenal spines; intermarginal furrow narrow and slightly de-
*See the section given by Walcott [1891b, pp. 260-261] for the stratigraphic
position of the species in the section on Manuels Brook.
* Locality No. 5u is about 175 feet higher than 5t, which is 20 feet above the
base of the section.
OLENELLUS AND OTHER GENERA OF MESONACIDZ&® 281
pressed. Glabella convex, conical, and strongly lobed; dorsal furrow
shallow and interrupted about the anterior lobe by a very narrow
second furrow that separates a narrow ridge from the glabella;
the anterior lobe of the glabella tapers from the base toward the
narrowly rounded front and its hase is broadly wedge shaped, owing
to the backward slope of the anterior pair of furrows; the second
and third lobes are united about the ends of the second pair of
furrows, while the fourth lobe is clearly defined by the occipital
furrow ; occipital ring convex, of uniform width, and without a
median node or spine. Palpebral lobe united to the postero-lateral
base of the anterior glabellar lobe by a narrow ridge; it is about
one-third the length of the cephalon, and at its posterior end it is
distant about one-half of its length from the glabella; opposite its
posterior end and adjoining the dorsal furrow next to the end of
the fourth glabellar lobe a small prominent tubercle breaks the sur-
face of the area within the palpebral lobe. Cheeks gently convex
and divided only by a narrow intergenal ridge that extends from
the base of the palpebral lobe diagonally outward to the posterior
marginal border about midway of its length. ;
Surface-—The surface is similar to that of Callavia crosbyt, ex-
cept that the meshes of the reticulated network of narrow ridges
are somewhat finer and more like those of the right side of fig. 7,
pl. 28, than the meshes on the left side.
Dimensions—A cephalon 24 mm. in length has a width at the
base of 47 mm. Length of glabella 17 mm.; width of glabella at
base 10 mm. Width of glabella at base of anterior lobe inside the
narrow outer ridge 7 mm, Length of palpebral lobe 8 mm. Distance
of palpebral lobe from glabella at anterior end 2 mm.; at posterior
end 6 mm.
Observations.—Of this species only a few specimens of the ceph-
alon are known. Its outline is similar to that of Callavia crosbyi,
except that in the specimens thus far seen the genal spines are very
much smaller, and there is no evidence of an intergenal spine. The
marginal rim is less distinctly defined than in C. crosbyt; the palpe-
bral lobes are shorter ; and the glabella proportionally shorter, more
conical, and more distinctly lobed.
Callavia burn differs from C. bréggeri as it does from C. crosbyi,
and it does not have the great occipital spine of the former species.
FORMATION AND LocaLity.—Lower Cambrian: (gn) associated
with Callavia crosbyi in the dark, purplish siliceous shale of the
Weymouth formation on Pearl Street, North Weymouth, Norfolk
County, Massachusetts.
282 SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS VOLE 53
CALLAVIA CALLAVEI (Lapworth)
PLATE 42, Fics. 1-2
Olenellus callavei LApWorTH, 1888, Geological Magazine, new series, Dec.
3, Vol. 5, p. 485. (Name proposed.)
Olenellus callavei LAPWoRTH, 1888, Nature, Vol. 30, p. 212. (Copy of pre-
ceding reference. )
Olenellus (Holmia) calevi (Lapworth), Watcort, 1891, Tenth Ann. Rept.
U. S. Geol. Survey, p. 635. (Refers species to Holmia as result of
having seen specimens of it.)
Cephalacanthis callavei LAPworTH, 1891, Tenth Ann. Rept. U. S. Geol.
Survey, by Chas. D. Walcott, pp. 640-641. (Compared with “ Cephala-
canthus bréggeri” and “ C. kjerulfi.” )
Olenellus (Holimia) caliavei LAPwortH, 1891, Geological Magazine, Dec. 3,
Vol. 8, pp. 530-536, pl. 14, figs. 1-25, and pl. 15. (Described and dis-
cussed, with special reference to its relations to Olenellus kjerulfi and
O. bréggeri.)
Olenellus (Holmia) callavei (Lapworth), Corr, 1892, Natural Science,
Vol. I, pp. 344 and 345. (Discussed. )
Callavia callavii MatrHEew, 1897, American Geologist, Vol. 10, p. 307,
footnote. (New genus proposed.)
Dr. Lapworth gives a very full description and illustration of the
fragments representing this species, and a diagrammatic restoration
based apparently on my restored figure of C. brdggeri [ Walcott,
1891, pl. 91, fig. 1].
Callavia callavei differs from C. bréggeri in its stronger genal and
intergenal spines and shorter occipital spine, form of the glabella,
and lateral extensions of the pleure. It may be that other differences
will appear if better specimens become available for comparison, or
as the two species are very closely related, it may be found that they
are specifically more nearly identical than now seems probable.
FORMATION AND LocaALiry.—Lower Cambrian: near the base of
the Comley sandstone (Hollybush series) in a purplish-red arena-
ceous limestone, Comley quarry, on the flanks of Little Caradoc, near
Church Stretton, Central Shropshire, England.
CALLAVIA CARTLANDI Raw, MSS.
PLATE 42, FIGS. 3-4
Olenellus (Holmia?) cartlandi Raw, 1909, MSS. received from Mr.
Frank Raw, University of Birmingham, England, December 17, 1909.
This species is founded on a single specimen found loose in the
quarry at Comley in Shropshire. It occurs on a characteristic piece
of chocolate and green limestone of the Callavia callavei bed of the
quarry that has been subjected to considerable abrasion and weath-
OLENELLUS AND OTHER GENERA OF MESONACIDZ 283
ering. The two photographs of the specimen show the characters
of the species, and as Mr. Raw will soon publish a detailed descrip-
tion, I will only quote from his manuscript the comparisons made
with the closely allied and associated species C. callavei Lapworth
to show how it differs from the latter species:
Head.
(1) The head is much broader in proportion.
(2) It is greatly produced in a postero-lateral direction, this part of the
cheeks being very extensive.
(3) The posterior margin of the cheeks are wavy in outline, quite different
from the simple sigmoid curve of O. (H.) callavei.
(4) The occipital furrows are stronger and less oblique.
(5) There is no indication of a strong occipital spine such as in O. (H.)
callavei modifies so greatly the occipital ring.
Thorax.
(6) The trilobation in the thorax givés vastly different proportions between
axis and limbs, the former being less than half the width of the
latter, the contrast being due to a great lateral extension of the
pleurze in this form.
(7) The outline—wavy—of the pleure is quite different, as is also their
initial directions (somewhat forwards) from the axial rings.
(8) The falcate extremities of the pleure are much longer and more back-
wardly directed.
Of these distinguishing characters, the most striking are the great relative
breadth due to an extension of the limbs throughout and showing itself espe-
cially in the entirely different proportion of the thoracic pleure—slender,
instead of thick-set, and the shape of the pleure—wavy, of 3 curves, and starting
from the axis somewhat forwards, instead of simply sigmoid and _ starting
backwards.
Callavia cartlandi is similar to C. burri [pl. 28, fig. 9] in not show-
ing an occipital spine, or intergenal spines in its broad postero-lateral
cheek, and in the narrowing of the glabella. It is not improbable
that these two species will be found to represent a distinct form
that may, with the discovery of better specimens, be placed under
a new subgenus or genus.
Callavia cartlandi differs strongly from Wanneria walcottanus
[pl. 30, fig. 2] in the form of the anterior lobe of the glabella and
the furrows on the pleurz of the thoracic segments.
I am indebted to Mr. Frank Raw, of Birmingham University,
England, for casts of the type specimens and for the opportunity
to read his preliminary manuscript notes on the species.
ForMATION AND LocaLiry.—Lower Cambrian: near the base of
the Comley sandstone (Hollybush series) in a purplish-red arena-
ceous limestone, Comley quarry, on the flanks of Little Caradoc,
near Church Stretton, Central Shropshire, England.
284 SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLILECTIONS VOL. 53
CALLAVIA CROSBYI, new species
PLATE 28, Fics. 1-8
Olenellus (Holmia) bréggeri Burr, 1900, American Geologist, Vol. 25,
pp. 43-44. (Specimens from North Weymouth described and dis-
cussed. )
Olenellus (Mesonacis) asaphoides Burr, 1900, Idem, p. 45. (Distorted
specimens of the cephalon found at North Weymouth are doubtfully
identified with this species and characterized. )
Olenellus (Holmia) bréggeri GRABAU, 1900, Occasional Papers Boston Soc.
Nat. Hist., No. 4, Vol. 1, pt. 3, pp. 662-664, pl. 33, figs. 1a-j. (Described
and discussed.)
Olenellus (Mesonacis) asaphoides ? Gravau, 1900, Idem, pp. 667-660, pl.
34, figs. 2a-b. (Identification based on distorted cephalons of Callavia
crosbyi. )
Metadoxides magnificus ? GRaBau, 1900, Idem, p. 670, pl. 34, figs. 4-6,
(Fragments of spines referred to the species with reservation. )
Callavia crosbyi’is so similar to C. brdggeri that the description
of the latter, except where the two forms differ in details, will suf-
fice. These differences are: the stronger posterior marginal border ;
the presence of a narrow, clearly defined ridge about the anterior
glabellar lobe in C. crosbyi; a stronger, broader pleural furrow in
the thorax ; and a relatively shorter extension of the pleuree beyond
the end of the furrow. The pygidium of C. crosbyi is not well
known, as the only specimen showing it is crushed and poorly pre-
served. The hypostome [pl. 28, fig. 6, and pl. 27, fig. 2] are similar
as far as known.
Callavia crosbyi differs from C. burri in the outline and details
of the glabella, larger palpebral lobes, and proportions of the glabella
and cheeks.
The surface is finely granular and beautifully ornamented with a
network of fine, irregular, anastomosing ridges, as shown by fig. 7,
pl. 28. On the left side the elongate meshes of the network are seen
as they occur on the broad margin of the cephalon and on the right
side the fine network of the cheek below the eye; this surface ex-
tends over the glabella, the posterior border of the cephalon, and the
thoracic segments, except on the curved extensions of the pleure
where the meshes are coarser.
The longest cephalon in the collection has a length of 58 mm.
and width of 126 mm. This indicates that the dorsal shield attained
a length of 32 cm. or more.
ForRMATION AND LocaLiry.—Lower Cambrian: (gn) associated
with Callavia burri in the dark, purplish siliceous shale of the Wey-
mouth formation on Pearl Street, North Weymouth, Norfolk County,
Massachusetts.
OLENELLUS AND OTHER GENERA OF MESONACID/E 285.
CALLAVIA ? NEVADENSIS, new species
PLATE 38, Fics. 12-14.
Olenellus gilberti Watcott (in part) [not Mrrx], 1884, Monogr. U. S.
Geol. Survey, Vol. 8, p. 29, pl. 9, fig. 16, and pl. 21, fig. 13 (not fig. 16a, pl.
9, which is referred in this paper to Olenellus fremonti; nor figure 14,
pl. 21, which is referred in this paper to Olenellus gilberti). (De-
scribed. Figures 16 and 13 are copied in this paper, pl. 38, figs. 12 and
14 respectively. )
Olenellus gilberti Watcotr (in part) [not Meex], 1886, Bull. U. S. Geol.
Survey No. 30, pp. 170-180, pl. 19, figs. 2c, d, f, and g (not pl. 18, figs.
I, 1a-b; pl. 10, figs. 2, 2a, 2b, 2k; pl. 20, fig. 4; and pl. 21, figs. 1 and ta
= Olenellus gilberti; and not pl. 18, fig. 1c; pl. 19, figs. 2e, 2h, 21; pl.
20, figs. I, Ia-i, Ik-m; and pl. 21, figs. 2 and 2a = Olenellus fremonti).
(The description and discussion given includes reference to specimens
now referred to Callavia neyadensis. Figure 2d, pl. 19, is copied in this.
paper, pl. 38, fig. 13; figure 2c is copied from Walcott, 1884, pl. 21, fig.
13; and figure 2g is copied from Walcott, 1884, pl. 9, fig. 16.)
Olenellus gilberti Watcorr (in part) [not Merx], 1891, Tenth Ann. Rept.
U. S. Geol. Survey, pl. 84, figs. re and 1g; pl. 85, figs. 1e and g (not
pl. 84, figs. 1, 1a-c; pl. 85 figs. tb-d; and pl. 86, fig. 4 = Olenellus gil-
berti; and not pl. 84, figs. 1d and rf; pl. 85, figs. 1, 1a, and 1f; and pl.
86, figs. I, Ia-i, tk-m = Olenellus fremonti). (No text reference.
Figures te and rg, pl. 84, are copied from Walcott, 1886, pl. 19, figs.
2d and 2f; fig. re, pl. 85, is copied from Walcott, 1886, pl. 19, fig. 2g;
and fig. 1g, pl. 85, is copied from Walcott, 1884, pl. 21, fig. 13.)
Of this species only fragments of the cephalon and thorax are
known. These I referred to Olenellus gilberti [1884, 1886, and
1891], but in restricting the latter species to the characters shown
by the type specimens [pl. 36, figs. 1-3] the specimens from Pros-
pect Mountain are separated and now referred to C. nevadensis.
They are distinguished from O. gilberti by the broader space between
the glabella and frontal rim, short eye lobes, and converging sides
of the glabella, particularly those of the large frontal lobe. The
glabella is similar to that of C. burri [pl. 28, fig. 9], but the marginal
borders differ materially in the two species.
Callavia nevadensis is associated with numerous fragmentary
specimens of Olenellus fremonti [pl. 37] and Peachella iddingsi
ipl 30, fic. 17].
The reference to the genus Callavia is on account of the tapering
glabella and slender anterior glabellar lobe.
FORMATION AND LocaLity.—Lower Cambrian: Pioche formation
at the following localities: (51 and 52) at the summit of Prospect
Mountain, Eureka District, Eureka County; (30) on the west slope
of the Highland Range, 8 miles (12.8km.) north of Bennetts Springs
and about 8 miles (12.8 km.) west of Pioche, Lincoln County ; and
a
286 SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS VOL. 53
(313g) in the Groom Mining District, at the south end of the Timpa-
hute Range, near the line between Nye and Lincoln counties; all in
Nevada.
Genus HOLMIA Matthew
Paradoxides Forp (in part), 1878, American Journ. Sci., 3d ser., Vol. 15,
p. 130, footnote. (Discusses the generic relations of Paradowides as
represented by P. ejerulfi and P. aculeatus with Olenellus as repre-
sented by O. asaphoides.)
Olexellus Hotm (in part), 1887, Geol. Foren. i Stockholm Forhandlingar,
Bd. 9, Hafte 7, pp. 498-499. (Described in Swedish. As described and
discussed throughout the paper the genus includes many of the forms
now placed in the family Mesonacide. )
Gen ? MATTHEW, 1888, Canadian Record Sci., Vol. 3, pp. 75-76. (Linnars-
son’s species, Paradoxides kjerulfi, is discussed as the representative
of a new genus intermediate between Paradoxides and Olenellus, and
Matthew says: “It is to be hoped that his countrymen will see
reason to connect Holm’s name with this new genus.” )
Holmia Marcou, 1890, American Geologist, Vol. 5, pp. 365-366. (Linnars-
son’s species is discussed and Marcou accepts Matthew’s suggestion
[1888, p. 76] and places the species under Holmia.)
Holmia MattHEw, 1890, Trans. Roy. Soc. Canada, Vol. 7, Sec. 4, p. 160,
footnote. (Points out differences between Olenellus kjerulfi and the
American species of Olenellus, and proposes the generic name Holmia.)
Cephalacanthus Lapwortu (in part) [not Lacepepe], 1891, Tenth Ann.
Rept. U. S. Geol. Survey, by Chas. D. Walcott, p. 641. (Proposed as a
new genus to include Olenellus kjerulf, O. broggeri, and O. callavei.
The name, however, was preoccupied by Lacépéde, 1802, Hist. Nat.
POISS= «Voll sain ses)
Cephalacanthus LApwortH (in part), 1891, Geol. Mag., Dec. 3, Vol. 8,
p. 531. (Gives reasons for proposing the genus. The reference to the
original place of publication of Cephalacanthus is given as “ Geol. Mag.,
1888, p. 641” it should be “ Tenth Ann. Rept. U. S. Geol. Survey, by
Chas. D. Walcott, 1891, p. 641.)
Holmia Corr, 1892, Natural Science, Vol. 1, p. 344. (Discussed. In the
legend of figure 3, p. 343, Holmia is placed as a subgenus of Olenellus.)
Holmia PeacuH, and Horne (in part), 1892, Quart. Journ. Geol. Soc. Lon-
don, Vol. 48, p. 236. As defined this genus includes forms now re-
ferred to both Holmia and Callavia.)
Holmia (Olenellus) PEAcH (in part), 1894, Quart. Journ. Geol. Soc. Lon-
don, Vol. 50, pp. 671-674. (Compares certain characters of Holmia
with those of Olenellus and Mesonacis. As discussed in these pages,
however, the genus includes forms now referred to both Holmia and
Callavia. )
Holmia BEECHER, 1897, American Journ. Sci., 4th ser., Vol. 3, p. 191. (Con-
siders facial sutures of Holmia as in a condition of synthesis. Places
Holmia in family Paradoving.)
Holmia Frecn, 1897, Lethea geognostica, pt. 1, Lethzea Paleozoica, Bd.
2, p. 41. (Considers Holmia and Olenopsis Bornemann as identical. )
a
OLENELLUS AND OTHER GENERA OF MESONACID/E 287
Holmia Mosere (in part), 1899, Geol. Foren. i Stockholm F6rhandl., Bd.
21, Hafte 4, p. 318. (Briefly characterizes genus. As characterized the
genus includes species now referred to Callavia.)
Holmia MatrHew, 1899, American Geologist, Vol. 24, p. 50. (Reviews
Moberg’s paper [1899] and notes two types placed under Holmia.)
Holmia WELLER, 1900, Ann. Rept. Geol. Survey New Jersey for 1800, pp.
50-51. (Discussed. )
Holmia Pompecxy, 1901, Zeitschr. Deutschen geol. Gesellsch., Vol. 53,
Heft 2, pp. 14-17. (Olenopsis is compared with Holmia and other
genera of the Mesonacide. )
Holmia Linpstrom, 1901, Kong]. Svenska Vet.-Akad. Handlingar, Bd. 34,
No. 8, p. 24. (Considers Holmia an eyeless trilobite, with beginning
suture. )
Holmia is characterized by intergenal spines in the adult, a uniform
series of thoracic segments and’a small more or less transverse py-
gidium with only traces of transverse furrows indicating segments
in the median lobe.
Genotype.—Paradoxides kjerulf' Linnarsson, 1871.
The only American species of the genus I recognize is Holmia
rowet Walcott.
Stratigraphic range—Lower Cambrian. In Scandinavia the
Holmia kjerulfi zone is just beneath the Paradoxides bearing strata.
In Sweden it is overlain by the Paradoxvidcs tessini zone | Holm, 1887,
p. 514], and in Norway by the P. dlandicus zone [Idem, p. 514].
Holmia rowei Walcott occurs low down in the Lower Cambrian
in association with Nevadia weeksi Walcott.
Geographic distribution.—Scandinavia in Europe; southwestern
Nevada in the United States.
Observations.—The generic relations and position of Holmia in
the Mesonacidz are considered in observations on the Mesonacidee
[p. 247].
From the occurrence of Holmia kjerulfi just beneath the Parado.-
ides zone in Scandinavia with associated genera closely allied
to those in the Paradoxides fauna it is probable that the genus
occurs in the upper portion of the Lower Cambrian in western
Europe. In the southwestern United States, in Nevada, Holimia
rowei is found over 4,500 feet below the zone of Olenellus gilberti.
I strongly suspect that there is a lost interval in the Scandinavian
section between the zone of Holmia kjerulfi and Paradowxides dlandi-
cus that may represent a portion of the section between Olenellus
and Holmia in Nevada. That Olenellus is not found in Scandinavia
also strengthens this view, as Olene/lus is very characteristic of the
higher beds of the Lower Cambrian in both eastern and western
North America.
288 SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS VOL. 53
Holmia [pl. 27, fig. 7] differs from Callavia [pl. 27, fig. 1] in
having an expanded frontal glabella lobe; in its spinose extensions
of the pleura; and small occipital spine. From Wanneria [pl. 30,
figs. 2 and 6] it varies in not having a great spine on the fifteenth
segment, and in having spinose extensions of the pleurz. The latter
character is similar to-that in the thorax of Elliptocephala [pl. 24,
fig. 1] and Mesonacis [pl. 26, fig. 1].
Holmia follows Mesonacis and Callavia in the scheme of classifica-
tion of the Mesonacidz because it is considered that the thorax indi-
cates a stage of development slightly more advanced than in those
genera. The latter still retain the partially developed posterior
segments that appear to have disappeared in Holmuia.
Dr. G. F. Matthew [1899, p. 59] in his review of Moberg’s paper
[ 1899, pp. 309-348] mentions that there are two types under Holmia
as arranged by Moberg [1899, pp. 314 and 318], the first two species
mentioned after Holimia kjerulfi being distinguished from the geno-
type by a difference in the number of the segments in the thorax,
and possessing a conical in place of a club-shaped glabella. The
species are H. brdggeri Walcott and H. callavet Lapworth. These
forms are now included in the genus Callavia.
HOLMIA KJERULFI Linnarsson
Pram 275 iG! 7
Paradoxides kjerulf Lrnnarsson, 1871, Ofversigt af Kongl. Vet. Akad.
Forhandlingar, pp. 790-702, pl. 16, figs. 1-3. (Described and discussed. )
Paradoxides kjerulfi (Linnarsson), KyERuL¥F, 1873, Om grundfjeldets og
sparagmitfjeldets maegtighed 1 Norge. 2. Sparagmitfjeldt, p. 83, text
figs. 1-5. (No text reference. )
Olenellus kjerulf (Linnarsson), Broccer, 1878, Nyt Mag. for Naturvid..
Bd. 24, p. 44. (Mentioned. )
Paradoxides kjerulfi Forp, 1878, American Journ. Sci., 3d ser., Vol. 15, p.
130, footnote. (Discusses generic relations of Paradoxides as repre-
sented by P. kjerulf with Olenellus as represented by O. asaphoides. )
Paradoxides ? kjeruifi (Linnarsson), Forp, 1881, American Journ. Sci., 3d
ser., Vol. 22, pp. 255-258, text fig. 10, p. 256. (Gives a diagrammatic
figure of the cephalon, and discusses the relation of the species to
Olenellus asaphoides and of Paradoxides to Olenellus.)
Olenellus kjerulfi LINNARSSON, 1883, Sveriges Geol. Unders., Ser. C, No.
54, pp. 18-20, pl. 3, figs. 12-17. (Describes and illustrates specimens.
from Andrarum. )
Paradoxides kjerulfi (Linnarsson), Watcort, 1886, Bull. U. S. Geol. Sur-
vey, No. 30, p. 178, pl. 20, fig. 2. (Compares occular ridge and facial
suture back of the eyes with those features in Olenellus gilberti.
Figure 2 is an outline drawing of the figure given by Linarsson [1871,,
pl. 16, fig. 2].)
OLENELLUS AND OTHER GENERA OF MESONACID-© 289
Olenellus (?) kjerulfi (Linnarsson), MatrHew, 1886, American Journ.
Sci., 3d ser., Vol. 31, pp. 472-473. (Identifies species from Newfound-
land and expresses doubt as to generic reference. )
Olenellus kjerulfi' (Linnarson), Horm, 1887, Geol. Foren. i Stockholm
Foérhandl., Vol. 9, Hafte 7, pp. 493-522 (499-512 in particular). (De-
scribed and discussed in Swedish, figuring a complete restoration of
the dorsal shield [pl. 14, fig. 2] which has been widely copied, see pl.
27, fig. 1 of this paper.)
Paradoxides (Gen. ?) kjerulfii MatrHew, 1888, Canadian Record Sci.,
Vol. 3, pp. 75-76. (The species is discussed as the representative of a
new genus intermediate between Paradovrides and Olenellus and
Matthew says: “It is to be hoped that his countrymen will see reason
to connect Holm’s name with this new genus.’’)
Holmia kjerulfi (Linnarsson), MArcovu, 1890, American Geologist, Vol. 5.
pp. 305-366. (The species is discussed and Marcou accepts Matthew's
suggestion [1888, p. 76] and places the species under Holmia. )
Olenellus (Holnmuia) kjevulf! (Linnarsson), Watcortt, 1891, Tenth Ann.
Rept. U. S. Geol. Survey, p. 635, pl. 86, fig. 2; and pl. 93, fig. 2. (The
figure on plate 86 is copied from Walcott, 1886, pl. 20, fig. 2; figure 2,
pl. 93 is copied from Holm, 1887, pl. 14, fig. 2.)
Cephalacanthus kjerulfii LApwortu, 1891, Tenth Ann. Rept. U. S. Geol.
Survey, by Chas. D. Walcott, pp. 640-641. (Compared with “ Cephala-
canthus callavei.”)
Olenellus (Holmia) kjerulfi (Linnarsson), Core, 1892, Natural Science,
Vol. 1, p. 343, text fig. 3. (Gives outline figure of the restoration of the
dorsal shield by Holm, 1887, pl. 14, fig. 2.)
Holmia (Olenellus) kjerulfti Peacu, 1894, Quart. Journ. Geol. Soc. Lon-
don, Vol. 50, p. 671, pl. 32, fig. 12. (Mentioned. Figure 12 is copied
from Holm, 1887, pl. 14, fig. 2.)
Olenellus kjerulfii (Linnarsson), Koken, 1896, Die Leitfossilien, p. 7, text
fig. 2. (Reproduces restoration of dorsal shield by Holm [1887, pl.
14, fig. 2]. On page 352 the species is placed und’ ¢ Mesonacis. )
Olenellus (Holmia) kjerulfi (Linnarsson) Frecu, 1897, Additional plates
inserted in 1897 in Lethza geognostica, pt. 1, Lethza Palzozoica,
Atlas, pl. 1a, fig. 13. (Figure 13 is copied from Holm, 1887, pl. 14,
fig. 2.)
Holmia kjerulfi (Linnarsson), Morerc, 1899, Geol. Foren. 1 Stockholm
Foérhandl., Bd. 21, Hafte 4, p. 318, pl. 13, fig. 3. (Mentioned at several
places in the text. The figure is copied from Holm, 1887, pl. 14, fig. 2.)
Holmia kjerulfi Linpstrom, 1901, Kongl. Svenska Vet.-Akad. Handlingar,
Vol. 34, No. 8, p. 57: (Calls attention to the “macule” on the
hypostoma. )
Dr. Holm’s memoir [ 1887, pp. 493-522] on this species is so com-
prehensive and so well illustrated that I shall not attempt to repro-
duce it further than to illustrate his restoration of the dorsal shield
[pl. 27, fig. 7].
The most nearly related species is Holmia lundgreni Moberg [pl.
40, figs. 4-7]. It differs from the latter in many details and, as
290 SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS VOL. 53
pointed out by Moberg [1899, p. 321], the two species belong to
different stratigraphic horizons. H. kjerulfi is found in the “ grey-
wacke”’ below the zone containing Paradowides élandicus Sjogren.
FH. lundgreni Moberg has been found only in the Lower Cambrian
sandstone.
The only American species, Holmia rowei [pl. 29], differs in so
many characters that it is unnecessary to make comparisons between
the two species.
The associated fossils at Tomten are Obolella imobergi Walcott,
Obolella (Glyptias) favosa Linnarsson, and Arioneilus.
Dr. G. F. Matthew [1886, p. 472] identified “ Olenellus (?)
kjerulfii” from New Brunswick and Newfoundland. In his cata-
logue of species in the Cambrian Rocks of eastern Canada [1904,
pp. 260-278] he does not record the “ O. (?) kjerulfi” under Olenel-
lus or Holmia. The specimens are not in the Matthew collection at
the University of Toronto, Canada, and under date January 6 and
March 18, 1910, Dr. Matthew writes that he doubts if there is any
material representing Hlolmia in the collection in St. John, as his
notes were based on fragments.
FoRMATION AND LocaLity.—Lower Cambrian: (1) [Holm, 1887,
p. 512] at Andrarum and Gislof, Province of Skane, Sweden.
(2) [Linnarsson, 1871, p. 790] at Tomten in Ringsaker, near Lake
Mjosen; and (3) [Holm, 1887, p. 512] at Kletten; both in Norway.
(4) [Holm, 1887, p. 512] below Kyrkberget, on the shore of Great
Uman Lake, Parish of Stensele, Lapland.
HOLMIA LUNDGRENI Moberg
PLATE 40, Fics. 4-7
Olenellus lundgreni Moperc, 1892, Om Olenellusledet i sydliga Skandi-
navien, p. 3. (Specimens exhibited at 14th meeting of Skandinavian
naturalists at Copenhagen discussed. )
Holmia lundgreni Morerc, 1899, Geol. Foren. i Stockholm Forhandl., Bd.
21, Hafte 4, pp. 321-329, pl. 14, figs. r-14. (Described and discussed. A
plaster cast of the specimen represented by figures 2a-b is figured in
this paper, pl. 40, figs. 4 and 4a.)
Holmia lundgrent LinpstrOM, I9g01, Kongl. Svenska Vet.-Akad. Hand-
lingar, Vol. 34, No. 8, p. 57. (Calls attention to “ macule” on hy-
postoma. )
Only fragments of this species have been found, but these fortu-
nately include one nearly entire cephalon [pl. 40, fig. 4]. All the
specimens occur in a hard, compact, fine-grained sandstone. Through
the courtesy of Dr. Moberg I received casts of the typical specimens
described by him, also a few good fragments, of which three are
OLENELLUS AND OTHER GENERA OF MESONACID/E 291
illustrated by figs. 5, 6, and 7, pl. 40. By the aid of these specimens
and the casts and Dr. Moberg’s very detailed descriptions the fol-
lowing brief description is drawn up:
Cephalon semicircular, strongly convex. Width a little less than
one-half the length; marginal rim broad, flattened and separated
from the cheeks by a shallow furrow; it widens from the front
toward the gena! angles and is probably produced into strong, flat-
tened genal spines; posterior marginal rim about as wide as the
rim in front of the glabella; it is faintly defined by a narrow, shal-
low furrow. Glabella widening a little from the occipital ring to
the anterior end of the eye lobes where it expands into the large
anterior lobe; the latter rises abruptly from just within the mar-
ginal rim and curves over to the level plane along the median line
of the glabella; the glabella is marked by three pairs of lateral fur-
rows joined across the glabella by a fainter furrow. The size and
position of the furrows and the glabellar lobes are shown by figs.
4 and 5. The occipital ring is subequal in width to the fourth lobe
of the glabella; it has a small, pointed median tubercle at the pos-
terior margin. The palpebral lobes start from the postero-lateral
portion of the large anterior glabellar lobes, and arch backward to
a point opposite the front of the occipital ring; they are eleyated
nearly to the plane of the median line of the glabella and leave a
depressed space between them and the dorsal furrow beside the
elabella ; sometimes a small intergenal spine is indicated at the end
of a narrow elevated line extending from about the end of the
occipital furrow. Dr. Moberg states that approximately parallel
to this line is another fainter line, which extends from the posterior
part of the eye, that he is inclined to consider an obliterated facial
suture. He also noted traces of a similar line in front of the eye.
The cheeks rise rapidly from the furrow within the marginal rim
to the base of the eye.
The hypostoma is shown by fig. 6. No traces of spines or tu-
bercles are shown on any specimens I have seen of the back and
lateral margins, and Dr. Moberg did not note any marginal spines.
The median lobe of the thoracic segments is distinctly separated
from the pleural lobes ; a strong median spine with an elongated base
occurs on many of the fragments of the median lobe; on other
specimens a small tubercle is all that is seen, Dr. Moberg draws
the conclusion from this that the anterior segments had small, weak
spines, and that the spines increased in strength on the middle seg-
ments ; the pleural lobe of the middle segments extend out directly
292 SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS VOL. 53
for about one-half their length and then curve evenly outward and
backward, and narrow gradually to a point; the pleure are thus
distinguished sharply from those of Holmia kjerulfi [pl. 27, fig. 7] ;
pleural furrow oblique, clearly marked, and deepest near the in-
terior end.
Pygidium with a nearly circular outline without transverse fur-
rows; its marginal rim is narrow on its anterior end, increasing
slightly in width toward the posterior side where it narrows rapidly
to the posterior median line, and thus gives a notched appearance
to the posterior margin.
The surface is marked by irregular, fine ridges that form a more
or less irregular network.
The largest cephalon has a length of 28 mm., width 54 mm., con-
vexity about Io mm.
Observations.—This species is most closely related to Holnuia
kjerulfi [pl. 27, fig. 7]. It differs in the outline of the glabella,
genal angles, pleurze of thoracic segments, and hypostoma. The
outline of the glabella is intermediate between that of Holmia [pl.
27, fig. 7] and that of Callavia [pl. 27, fig. 1].
The fossils found in association with this species are, according
to Moberg [1899, p. 329], a patelloid shell and Hyolithes degeeri
Flolm.
ForRMATION AND Locatity.—Lower Cambrian: a block of sand-
stone (390v) collected west of Tumbyholm, north-northeast of
Smedstorp, west of Simrisham, Province of Kristianstad, Sweden
| Moberg, 1899, p. 328].
Dr. Moberg [1899, p. 329] states that he also found this species
‘south from Gladsax Church.
HOLMIA ROWE, new species
PLATE 20, Fics. I-I1 :
Holmia rowei WaAtcotTt, 1908, Smithsonian Misc. Coll., Vol. 53, No. 5, p.
189. (Name used in No. 12 of section; the species does not occur in
No. 3, nor in the Waucoba Spring section, pp: 187-188. The specimens
identified with this species from 3 of the section are referred in this
paper to Olenellus argentus and to Olenellus gilberti; those from 3d
of the Waucoba section [pp. 187 and 188] are referred to Wanneria
gracile; and those from td and 2j [p. 186] are not specifically iden-
tified. )
Dorsal shield elongate oval, rather strongly convex over the ceph-
alon and less so over the thorax and pygidium. Cephalon semi-
circular in outline, strongly convex, one-third the length of the
dorsal shield; bordered by a strong, rounded rim that is continued
OLENELLUS AND OTHER GENERA OF MESONACIDE 2093
into strong, long genal spines that are nearly as long as the thorax;
the posterior border is broad, but not as convex as the frontal bor-
der; it narrows toward the base of the glabella and shows a de-
cided tendency to curve with a varying angle at the intergenal
angle [figs. 1, 5, 6, and 10, pl. 29]; the intermarginal furrow is
narrow and rounded inward on the sides and in front, and rather
more distinctly impressed within the posterior border. Glabella con-
vex, elongate, gradually expanding from the occipital segment to the
widest portion of the anterior lobe, dorsal furrow deep on the sides
and in front; the anterior lobe is transverse, widest near its base,
gradually curving on the sides to the rather sharply rounded front
margin; .the anterior and third pair of furrows extend from the
central third of the glabella obliquely forward and terminate at the
dorsal furrow; the second pair terminate inside so that the second
and third lobes unite and enclose it [fig. 6]; usually the space be-
tween the end of the glabellar furrow and the dorsal furrow is very
narrow, and it is often broken through [figs. 1, 2]; occipital ring
separated from the glabella by two lateral furrows that are similar,
when the shell is not too much flattened, to the glabellar furrows ;
the occipital ring is broad, convex, and with a long, strong median
spine that curves backward over the axial lobe of the thorax to about
the sixth segment ; the base of the spine is strong and, in large speci-
mens, extends nearly across the occipital ring. The cheeks arch
up from the intermarginal furrow to the base of the eye, broadening
back of the eye and narrowing tcward the front margin so as to
form only a narrow space of slightly variable width in different
specimens between the glabella and the intermarginal furrow. The
palpebral lobes are narrow, elongate, and gently arched outward
and backward from the dorsal furrow beside the posterior lateral
margin of the first glabellar lobe; they terminate a short distance
from the dorsal furrow opposite the occipital furrow, thus giving
only a slight divergence between their anterior and posterior ends;
they are elevated to about the same height as the center of the
glabella and slope rapidly into the depressed interpalpebral area,
the drop to the cheeks is very abrupt, and gives only a narrow space
for the visual surface of the eye. The only trace observed of a
facial suture is an elevated line on the cast of the interior of a
flattened cephalon ; the line starts at the posterior end of the palpe-
bral lobe and extends backward a short distance before curving out-
ward toward the marginal rim, which it crosses obliquely at about
the same place as in Callavia broggeri [pl. 27, fig. 1].
5—w
294 SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS VOL. 53.
Thorax with sixteen segments of the same character; the body
of the thorax lies well within the long genal spines, owing to the
shortness of the spinous extensions of the pleurz; its sides are sub-
parallel back to the tenth segment, where they begin to arch inward
toward the small pygidium ; axial lobe convex, about the same width
as the pleural lobes, and narrowing gradually in width, a small
elongate, median node, with a base as long as the width of the seg-
ment, occurs on each segment, and there is a low, rounded elongate
tubercle on each side that is much like that on the axial segment of
Holmia kjerulfi [compate fig. 4, pl. 20, with fig. 7, pleaziqeam
elongate, subtriangular tubercle next to the dorsal furrow on the
anterior side of the segment is also well shown by fig. 5; usually
the elongate tubercles of the axial lobe have disappeared by com-
pression of the test; pleural lobes nearly flat from the dorsal furrow
out to their curved spinose extensions where they arch gently down-
ward; each pleura has a broad, strong furrow that is broadest next
to the dorsal furrow from whence it narrows very gradually to
just within the curved terminal spinous extension of the pleure.
The posterior margin of the spinous extension is arched forward
from the posterior margin of the pleurze, which gives a beaked or
slightly hooked outline to the termination of the pleure.
Pygidium small; width at the anterior margin and length sub-
equal; the sides extend slightly outward from the anterior margin
and terminate in short spines ; the posterior margin 1s slightly arched
backward at the center and inward on each side toward the base of
the postero-lateral spines; axial lobes with one anterior transverse
ring that appears to bend backward along the outer margins and
extend into the terminal spines; back of the transverse ring a sub-
triangular termination of the axial lobe, of equal width and length,
occupies the central area; it does not reach the posterior margin,
and it has no traces of transverse rings or furrows; with the possible
exception of the rounded outer marginal rim there are no indications
of pleural extensions of the rings across the smooth space between the
axial lobe and outer margins; the anterior ring shown by fig. II is
the forward extension of the first ring that slipped beneath the ter-
minal segment of the thorax.
Surface strongly granular on the outer rim of the cephalon [fig.
7|, finely granular over most of the test, and with irregular network
of fine elevated ridges that may give a pitted appearance in some
places [fig. 8] where the ridges are crowded, or an open pattern
with elongate meshes on the cheeks and segments.
OLENELLUS AND OTHER GENERA OF MESONACID 295
Dimensions.—A dorsal shield 44.75 mm. in length has the follow-
ing dimensions:
Cephalon: mm.
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Widthvoficlabella at postenton margin. .2. cc. sees ec eee 8.
Width of glabella at broadest part of anterior lobe......... 10.
Thorax:
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Wieinor pleural lobe at first segment. .....0s.0 et saee ees: Gh
Pygidium:
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SI TMa ete OME ede Slee ta, eek Sate oA oro a a gids) «Bale diecsles side 2:5
The preceding description is based on adult specimens from 40 mm.
to 50 mm. in length. The largest cephalon in the collection has a
length of 30 mm.; width 50 mm. This indicates a dorsal shield
of about 85 mm. in length. One young stage of growth is partly
illustrated by a broken cephalon 1.5 mm. in length in which the
outline [fig. 9] is rounded; glabella cylindrical, with the base of the
frontal lobe continuous with the strong palpebral segment ; this may
be compared with the stage of Elliptocephala asaphoides represented
by fig. 14 of pl. 25.
Observations.—Fragments of this species occur abundantly in asso-
ciation with Nevadia weeksi in hard, shaly sandstones deep down in
the Lower Cambrian (Georgian) section of southwestern Nevada.
In America it is the oldest species of the genus Holmia, and in de-
velopment its position in the Mesonacidz appears to be after the
forms with imperfectly developed posterior thoracic segments: Ne-
vadia, Mesonacis, and the slightly more specialized Callavia.
The generic relations of Holmia rowet to the genotype H. kjerulft
are very close as may be seen by comparing the illustrations on pl.
29 with fig. 7, pl. 27. The eye lobes are of the same character, as
are the other parts of the cephalon; each species has sixteen thoracic
segments that terminate in narrow arching spines; the pygidia are
small and of the same type. The occipital spine of H. rowei is
longer than that of H. kjerulf. The specific differences are in the
details of the cephalon, such as the relation of the anterior lobe of
the glabella to the frontal border; the longer occipital and genal
296 SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS VOLr.gg
spines and more arched pleural spines of H. rowei and the outlines
of the pygidia.
FoRMATION AND LocaLity.—Lower Cambrian: (1f) arenaceous
shales of the Silver Peak Group, forming No. 12 of the Barrel
Spring section [Walcott, 1908c, p. 189], 3 miles (4.8 km.) north-
west of Barrel Spring, which is 10 miles (16 km.) south of the
town of Silver Peak, Esmeralda County, Nevada.
WANNERIA, new genus
Dorsal shield large, broadly oval in outline. Cephalon about two-
fifths of the length of the dorsal shield, transversely semicircular
in outline with genal angles extended into strong spines; marginal
border strong; cheeks broad; glabella elongate, semicylindrical and
with four lobes, the anterior being the largest and expanded slightly
or not at all beyond the line of the sides of the glabella; palpebral
lobe connected to the anterior lobe of the glabella; it is short and
relatively small in the adult [pl. 30, fig. 2; pl. 31, fig. 3] and in-
creasing in length with the decrease in the size of the cephalon [pl.
30, figs. 3, 4; pl. 31, figs: 3; 1, 2,457, 83 pl. 38, fess oweeen
Thorax with seventeen segments; median lobe strongly convex;
pleural lobe broad and with the pleurz extended into falcate ends
that curve more and more backward until the posterior pairs nearly
enclose the pygidium; pleural furrow broad, next to the axial lobe,
and extending out about one-half the length of the pleura.
A small median, elongate tubercle occurs on the axial lobe of each
segment, that becomes a strong. long, median spine on the fifteenth
segment in old, large specimens [fig. 11, pl. 30]. It is small in
younger individuals [fig. 10, pl. 30].
Pygidium small, subcircular, transverse where it joins the thorax
and notched at the posterior center.
Surface with irregular network of very fine, irregular ridges that
form very fine meshes over the greater part of the outer surface of
the dorsal shield and hypostoma; the meshes are elongated on the
marginal border of the cephalon and genal spines subparallel to the
margin, while on the doublure of the thoracic pleurze the meshes are
more or less transverse [pl. 31, fig. 12], also on the pygidium [pl.
30, fig. 8].
Dimensions.—Two of the species of the genus, W. walcottanus and
W. halli, grow to a large size, equal to that of any species of the
Mesonacide. The former species is known to have reached a length
of 17.6 cm. with a width of 15 cm. at the genal angles. Fragments
of W. halli indicate a length for the dorsal shield of 15 cm.
OLENELLUS AND OTHER GENERA OF MESONACID/& 2907
Young stages of growthNothing is known of the younger stages
of growth of the genotype, W. walcottanus [pl. 30], but of the closely
related species, W. halii [pl. 31], there are examples of a number of
the younger stages of growth of the cephalon. These show that in
the youngest stage of growth known [pl. 31, fig. 8] the form is much
like that of the young of Pedewmuras transitans [pl. 32, fig. 1, pl. 25,
fig. 22], and Elliptocephala asaphoides [pl. 25, fig. 10]. The most
notable changes resulting from increase in size are the diminution in
size and length of the palpebral lobes [pl. 31, figs. 8, 7, 4, 2, 1, 3],
the separation of the genal from the intergenal spines [pl. 31, figs.
8, 6, 4, 1], and the widening of the glabella back of the first lobe
[pl. 31, figs. 8, 5, 7, 4] until its sides are sub-parallel; the change in
form of the first or anterior lobe of the glabelia is shown by figs. 8,
5, 7, 4, 2, 1, of pl. 31. Due allowance should be made for the ex-
pansion or widening of the anterior convex lobe as the result of flat-
tening by compression in the shale.
Genotype.—Olenellus (Holmia) walcottanus Wanner.
The generic name is given in honor of Prof. Atreus Wanner, of
York, Pennsylvania, who first described the type species.
Stratigraphic range-——Lower Cambrian (Georgian). The geno-
type occurs in the York formation, Olenellus zone, in the upper por-
tion of the Lower Cambrian terrane, and W. halli occurs in the same
zone in the Montevallo shale. W. gracile is found about 2,000 feet
down in the St. Piran formation of the Lower Cambrian of Alberta,
Canada, and 1,450 miles to the south in Nevada it occurs 1,200 feet
or more below the zone of Olenellus gilberti, which corresponds to
about the horizon of Wanneria halli and W. walcottanus in Alabama
and Pennsylvania, respectively.
Geographic distribution.—The genotype occurs in an east and west
belt across the central parts of York and Lancaster counties, Penn-
sylvania. W. halli is found in central Alabama, and W. gracile in
Nevada and Alberta, Canada.
Observations.—The cephalon is similar in generic characters to
that of Elliptocephala, Mesonacis, Pedeumias, Olenellus, and Holmia,
but differs from that of Callavia in having a more expanded anterior
glabellar lobe, and in not having a large occipital spine. The thorax
has seventeen segments of the Callavia broggeri type [pl. 27, fig. 1],
in that the segments continue of a uniform width out to where the
margins converge into a strong backward curving point, but they
differ in having a broad pleural furrow of the Olenellus thompsoni
type [pl. 35, fig. 1], instead of the narrow oblique furrow of C.
bréggert. The great spine of the fifteenth segment of the adult
298 SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS VOL. 53
[pl. 30, fig. 11] is not found in Callavia or Holmia. Wanneria also
differs from Holmia in the character of the lateral extensions of -the
pleure. In Holmia the spinose extensions give quite a different
aspect [pl. 27, fig. 7] from that of the extensions of Wanneria [pl.
30, fig. 1]. Wanneria differs from Elliptocephala [pl. 24, fig. 1],
Mesonacis [pl. 26, fig. 1], Nevadia [pl. 23, fig. 1], in the characters
of the thorax to such an extent that a statement of the differences
is unnecessary in this place.
WANNERIA ? GRACILE, new species
PLATE 38, Fics. 15-24
Holmia rowei Watcott, 1908, Smithsonian Misc. Coll., Vol. 53, No. 5, pp.
187 and 188. (The specimens listed under this name in 3d of the
Waucoba section are referred in this paper to Wanneria gracile.)
Holnmia weeksi Watcort, 1908, Idem, p. 189. (The specimens listed under
this name in 3 of the Barrel Spring section are referred in this paper to
Wanneria gracile.)
Cephalon semicircular in outline, moderately convex; marginal
border rounded, strong in the larger, narrow and wire-like in the
smaller specimens, and continued backward at the genal angles into
moderately strong spines; posterior marginal border rounded and
narrow at the occipital ring and slightly broader where it merges
into the strong outer rim at the genal angles. In a cephalon 17 mm.
in length there are no traces of an intergenal angle [fig. 21], but
in one 7 mm. in length a broad angle is present and the marginal
rim is thickened by an oblique, obscure intergenal ridge that was
undoubtedly an intergenal spine in younger specimens [fig. 22].
An unusual specimen of the cephalon, 8 mm. in length [fig. 23], has
the outer margin curved inward very much as in a very young
cephalon 2 mm. in length [fig. 24]; the ridge on the test from the
base of the eye out to the margin indicates the position of the inter-
genal spine at 1; the genal spine is not shown on the specimen. Gla-
bella convex, elongate, narrowing gradually from the occipital ring to
the front of the first lobe ; four strong furrows extend obliquely back-
ward from each side nearly to the center where they are united by
a very shallow transverse furrow ; the very slight dorsal furrow about
the glabella is crossed by the occular ridges that join the anterior
lobe of the glabella at its postero-lateral margins; the second, third,
and fourth glabellar lobes are curved slightly backward and almost
pass into the flat area within the palpebral lobe; the proportions of
all the glabellar lobes and the occipital ring are shown by figs. 19
OLENELLUS AND OTHER GENERA OF MESONACID/E 299
and 20, also the size and length of the palpebral lobes which are
elevated and joined to the first glabellar lobe by a narrow ridge.
The palpebral lobe [figs. 17, 19] is short and much like that of
Wanneria walcottanus [pl. 30, fig. 1]. From the posterior end
of the palpebral lobe a narrow furrow on the interior of the test
curves backward and then outward and backward to the posterior
margin, following in its course the position of the facial suture of
Paradoxides spinosus Boeck | Barrande, 1852, pl. 12, fig. 1]. Oc-
cipital ring strong, rounded, and with a small median node near the
posterior margin.
The hypostoma is of the same general character as that of Cal-
Jawia bréggeri [pl. 27, fig. 2] and C. crosbyi [pl. 28, fig. 6], and
differs from the hypostoma of Wanneria [pl. 31, fig. 9] in having a
smooth, rounded frontal margin.
Surface known only from a few fragments of the test adhering
to the specimens illustrated by figs. 20 and 23. These show the char-
acteristic irregular, elevated ridges of the surface of Holmia, also
fine, rather sharp granulations. A cephalon 2 mm. in length [fig.
24] is strongly convex and with unusually elevated prominent pal-
pebral lobes that merge into the first glabellar lobe in a manner
similar to those of the young of Elliptocephala asaphoides [pl. 25,
fig. 10].
Dimensions.—These are shown for the cephalon by fig. 21, which
is reproduced from a photograph, natural size.
Observations —This is a very interesting species of the Meso-
nacide, and it is to be regretted that there are no entire specimens of
the dorsal shield. Wanneria ? gracile is distinguished by its slender
conical glabella from W. walcottanus. It resembles the latter species
in having short, elevated palpebral lobes connected with the first lobe
of the glabella by a strong occular ridge. Its slender glabella with
the narrow first lobe is more like that of Callavia |[pl. 27, fig. 1; pl.
28, figs. 3 and 8] than that of Wanneria [pl. 30, fig. 1; pl. 31, figs.
1, 5, 6], which has a rounded, expanded anterior lobe to the glabella.
It is not known whether there was a large spine on the thorax as in
Wanneria [pl. 30, fig. 11]. The absence of this information and the
conical outline of the anterior lobe of the glabella renders it difficult
to make a positive reference of the species to Wanneria. The strong
marginal border of the cephalon, small eyes, and the absence of an
occipital spine relate it more closely to that genus than to Callavia.
It is not improbable that entire specimens will show it to be a form
intermediate between Callavia and Wanneria.
300 SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COI.LECTIONS VOL. 53
The stratigraphic position of IV.? gracile is in the central
portion of the Lower Cambrian terrane of western Nevada and
southeastern California beneath the great Archzocyathus limestone.
It is associated with Olenellus fremonti in the massive quartzitic
sandstone series 2,500 feet above the horizon of Nevadia weeksi, and
1,200 feet or more below the upper beds of the Lower Cambrian
carrying Olenellus gilberti. At Vermilion Pass, Alberta, numerous
specimens of the cephalon of this species [pl. 38, figs. 17-20] occur
in a hard, brownish-gray sandstone of the St. Piran formation, about
2,000 feet below the Mt. Whyte formation and 250 feet above the
Lake Louise formation. With the cephalon for comparison, there
do not appear to be specific differences between the specimens from
Nevada and Alberta, localities 1,450 miles distant from each other.
Near Resting Springs (locality No. 14p) the following species
are associated with W. gracile: Cystid plates, Lingulella (Lin-
gulepis) rowet Walcott, Billingsella bizia n. sp., Obolella vermil-
tonensis n. sp., and Olenellus fremonti Walcott; in Nevada (locality
No. 1v): Archeocyathus ? sp., Kutorgina cingulata (Billings), K.
perugata Walcott, Siphonotreta ? dubia n. sp., Swantonia weeksi
Walcott, Swantoma ? sp., Stenotheca cf. elongata Walcott, Steno-
theca cf. rugosa Walcott, Ptychoparia sp., and Olenellus argentus
Walcott; at Vermilion Pass (locality No. 60b) : Obolella vermilion-
cnsis n. sp., Orthotheca adamsi, n. sp.
FORMATION AND LocaLity.—Lower Cambrian: Silver Peak for-
mation [see Walcott, 1908c, p. 185] at the following localities: (14p)
quartzitic sandstones near Resting (Fresh Water) Springs, which
is m the southwest corner of T. 21 N., R. 8 E., on the Armagosa
River; (8) arenaceous shales and shaly sandstones 3 miles (4.8 km.)
above Tollgate Canyon, White Mountain Range; (53) sandstones
in the lower portion of 3d of the Waucoba Springs section [Wal-
cott, 1908f, pp. 187 and 188], 1 mile (1.6 km.) east of Saline Valley,
road about 2.5 miles (4km.) east-northeast of Waucoba Springs ;
(176 and 178a) in arenaceous shales apparently lying between mas-
sive limestones carrying Archzeocyathus, at the south end of the
Deep Spring Valley, about 20 miles (32 km.) east-southeast of Big
Pine in Owens Valley; and (177) shales in low hills 3 miles (4.8
km.) west of the Deep Spring Valley ; all in Inyo County, California.
(1v) arenaceous shales 3 miles north of Valcalda Spring and 4
miles (6.4 km.) northwest of Drinkwater Mine, Silver Peak quad-
rangle, Esmeralda County, Nevada.
OLENELLUS AND OTHER GENERA OF MESONACID2Z& 301
(60b) compact sandstones of St. Piran formation about 2,000
feet (610 m.) below the Mount Whyte formation and 200 to 300
feet (61-91 m.) above the Lake Louise shale, at Vermilion Pass,
on the Continental Divide between British Columbia and Alberta,
west-southwest of Castle on the Canadian Pacific Railway, Alberta,
Canada.
WANNERIA HALLI, new species
PLATE 31, Fics. I-11
The cephalon, hypostoma, and fragments of the thoracic seg-
ments of this species are all that is known of it. The cephalon [pl.
31] has the same generai outline and broad marginal border as that
of W. walcotianus [pl. 30, figs. 1 and 2]. The cephalon of W. halli
differs from that of the latter species in having a more narrow gla-
bella in proportion to the width of the cheeks and a smaller anterior
lobe. The genal angles of 27 specimens of the cephalon of W. halli
are all advanced in the adult, and only in the young are they on a
line with the posterior margin [figs. 5 and 6]. In the larger speci-
mens [figs. 1 and 3] the intergenal angle is a right angle; this grad-
ually changes as the cephalon grows smaller [figs. 2, 4, and 6]
until the genal angles slope inward [figs. 5 and 7] and rest against
the intergenal spines [fig. 8].
The palpebral lobe of the adult [fig. 3] is relatively small, less
than one-third of the length of the cephalon, but with decrease in
size of the cephalon the lobe increases in length |figs. 1, 2, 4, 7, and
8] until in the smallest cephalon [fig. 8] it is seven-twelfths of its
length; this includes the strong, elevated ridge that unites the lobe
with the anterior lobe of the glabella. The narrowing of the glabella
at the posterior end of the anterior lobe is also a very striking feature
of the young of W. halli [figs. 5, 7, and 8].
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nig (qved i reisuepemed BNyjotiey@) er 10S ee en en [ete ‘d oe WoOoLAA [SHJousIO] sisuepeury
ieee omnes eae ee ee [230U100} ‘L6€ -d LOR] Moye LeIAR]TeD] WAryyes
Sema pe neta Pemnayye aac te eae ae ee ere eae ae (Mow) Woo[wA\ Sisuapeasu ¢ LIALTILD
e 1AqsO49 BIARTTe = aWel ais: eaviattwhedeReaxe)'s (a tsuinhapy = tole sie lave eiovertpia fale dele siat okays e! exeliups va) exereus) «iegens vs area) 6 (Mou) yooTe@ MA, LAqsoso BIARTeD
g ARTE BEAUTE = Per Pek rene arr cape nee in [ajoujooy ‘Z6€ “d *Z6gr] MOULIN HALTS VIARTTLD
a WIN CIAE eee Ce ee ee ee eens mis eua\(s\(ejel vis, viele tel’eh cakes) int a}\e.-8 el sksvarersnshe 7s99* (MOU) WoopeM, I1Inq BIART]eD
A 1198301q VIART[VO Ci PorNBO 015.0 Wt FC DIO O Da Cech uC eSCE TID ONIgI SL ORSON [sueuions oe ‘d ‘691 | MOYNe 119330.1q PIARTIeD
a SISUddIG PIALT]LO = aevancier os felrelieriens,«) slivilota’ fel, oleyel\a)(uiar efter sw ulel's ene testa aisye,ietci a) keno te estes shade, a1 "+ (mou) Hooyer M SISUdDIq RIARTICD
= Peo ee a ee ESE tapst opens SION RHIC MeCN DENG. Ont “+++ [930UJOOF ‘26¢ “d ‘L6g1] MOYNRIL PIALTTLO
a TOAR][VD VIART[ED = *"*" le i pur ‘Sz-1 ‘sy ‘Pi ‘Jd ‘gfS-o8S ‘dd ‘qr6gr] yyoMdeT [ (erwmOF]) sHypoueTO] Pearyyes
PINE [(COMCIAE CO iat ce bd ee oe uae ae Due ae ‘dd eee ajoD [ (eMmMyoF]) snypeueTO] Aves
e lOAR][eD BIAReQ == mctae ccpetetain Ae tee ‘[z1z ‘d ‘qgggi] ywomdeyT [sn]feue[O] reAvypes
A TOARTTLO RIARTIED SPO DGGUDIGIG Osta DiG) G0" E ctielis ta Tevaivelwa vita) oie eiefia/.u'olelin in bl one me *[SQh ‘d ‘eQQgl ] yyomdeyT [ SH]PUZTO | TOART[VO
o JOREIEOMEAC {Geye Vo kam ye Seen Bata Bip ask [ 1rg-obg ‘dd ‘e16g1] yysoMde'T [snyjuroepeydes)] lAviyeo
~ TOARTTLD VIART[ED = ** ORONO DERG CEL CAORO TRIE) VO Ch cups Ow ORE ONERC [S69 ‘d ‘e16QT} 02,2 [ (ermyoy ) Sny[IuesTO ] TAes[eBo
= rang wrayyeg = Pav tole Se A roe hn © BiG weateetee san teeteeresess (mau) Woopem [elAryeD] lang
= Medeor ClAEl[eg =" Ra Ea eg tnd bet eas Ponty sd ek WooseM [(sleuosepl) SHyTIUe7O] 119850.1q
ra Pes aps MIA Eoin de ca ir ea are gZe dd 6ggr] HosemM [(sHpeuosey) SHITOUTO] 1193301q
z 11aS8SOIq VIALTED = *** *[Y-eI ‘I “ssy ae es I “ay ae ‘1d ‘obg-g£q ‘dd ‘e16g1] HoIeM [ (eMUTOH) SHTpous{O ] 119.3801q
i IjossOI VIARTTED — "ee reresessess ror Sy ‘1 ‘[d ‘106r] fyeduog | (erwTOFT) sNpaUe[O] 1198ss1q
R FADSOROLEOUI eae [f-er ee ‘fe “Jd ‘bgg-zggq ‘dd ‘o061] neqeay | (eIUTOFT) SH{Joue|O] 1193014
r FAR BOLOLELACI IE) == oe ey eee ets eee te tak Bie ‘dd ‘o061] sang [ (etpoFT) snypousyO] 1esso1q
taS8oIq VIARYeD = a aae Oe Prga Gite Amees ne Pa “+7165 -d ‘ggar] HOeM [SN]eusTO] Hessosq
| 11935014 PIAL] LD eee pe Mea ereiels sistas ele w UC e SUP One e(e)'s tu) ow ai @) a6) .@ eels yea) se 1 eee eee iver ‘d ‘V6 | pievulog [snyfeue{O] 119550.1q
eo) 119830.1q PRE e eg tee eee ee aati eet Weiss iets (£Z9 pue zlo ‘dd hOQI | youeg [ eIUIOET] 1193301q
1498301q PIALTILD PE NCR CAIUS PROF HOOT IT OPI AE | CEC OROCL ONS END TE iG eecevermvat © j1Ze- -oZ¢ -dd ‘061 } nose [é RIOT | L1ass01q
PomapaierMen eee tye tee Tete oe ea once eke G “-rirg ‘d ‘e16gr] YyoMdeT psnyjueroeeydad ] 1a8s01q
LISRAONUNED AINE) ices er ae er fase ais ae Layoujoo; ‘ZOE “d ‘Z6gr] MoyHRPT [PLArTTED ] 1198d01q
MOsdIMOUI SnijetsyOa se ee [2g ‘d ‘uortpe ysay ‘oggr] suowuuy [Seplxopesed ] snyeydooAyoriq
VOL. 53
LLANEOUS COLLECTIONS
4
“
SMITHSONIAN MISCI
304
ejeydssoydyyy = ilu, Silo. rei Alisa! sie) aha, 1a yells ewe. /e%,8). ese. e ee Sale) ele! a so 8 hie ‘aus tele 6 (a) inte) jaye ve bi ete. [Ree “d ‘prgr] SUOWWLUG, vyeydao0ydty]y
epeydoooydiy[y ops ierialsierieicsia tei ssp ieniste be si ells: (e)aj(e) elke 6y's ie. e\el\#/'s 5) (41,010 Ce Caer i ONC eg ee es rae . [ore ‘d ‘COI ] ajo eyeydasoydyyy
epeydaooqdry Enea nen elias) eleieLeliels}\eeisiie/ ele) ania! pietleetisii srs lave) edie me im ié CMCho is Owe | ZO1 pue IOL ‘dd ‘L681 | Jao q eyeydasoqdiyyy
JSSOV A WRS (ANAM (as (© Ye a a ae ae ce i ee [ogz “d ‘oggi] suowtuy soproydese (soprxopeieg) snpeydoso\diyy
Soploydese eredsoo diy ee em ror “By “1 Td “E-1 “sBy VII ‘d ‘SSQr] suoruuig, soproydese snjeydosojdiyy
soproydese eyeydooo\dyy = mame ee alee ies! se) whe ele). e Jets) snl eae ne) ele mele ee \ pee ml ie).w) sya) alate, [QI ‘d ‘OrgT] SUOLILUG] soproydese snjeydosojdiyy
eleydooo03dy[ q eae Oe (hele) elie) ine feral Arise sia. er's.ie lees \Rel/eiial isis (a)\a)\e) 0/9) (6.8) 10) ) alenals eherehersie Dut) its [ys ‘d ‘Oogt | node snyeydosoydiyy
epeydoooqdy[y angele xaileprone. si ¢]).s\/8) 0) \s)-e:Taiiaiiais) ails) reyie Tey 6/(6\s) sa) cela) 0119.6) re) \0\(0(p..)'8) /e)is) 9,6) et (ey wire is) mike ;S11-VII ‘dd “SSQT] SUOTUW snyeydssojidiyy
epeydoooqdny y Fe COLOR OID SCHON CHID, Os ORCEDEONC Cie uCN Ole Ci ICUICHIDI Ci a OOCNC SiC ac Bau Jat iC eC OCS TEC RCC CRC ORCC TICS [QI ‘d ‘OVgT] SUOTUIG] snyeydosoidiyy
soproydese eyeydoooqd[y Eases a Svein) (aU siesta relents) ilsilebiols) [eadueiieliavaleviaxers.(eivelie ty) elieielcalse)ellel'ehesieicais)i¢ een ‘d ‘qQggi | Noose] saproydese eIlazouaqy
epeydsooqdyy[y bape ahem fa ine) at'¥sainise)| @i ai 51/6) 4 je: ef ¥i sehen hs)tay-c 9 [e'xshidh © (si ce:jal- eile) a)ualiei’e sens 0/60)" 9.07 91.0! 60) \9/e8 is)/e) «1a [ez ‘d ‘2891 | nOdIv IN eIIaZIUNqy
1Aqso19 RIARTTeD) Fe eet tee eee ee mee eee eee seer ewes sree rs eer ees aresseece . (Mow) JOOTR AA [PIARTTeD | IAqSO19
snieu
-13.1RULISSe.IO tuosduroy} SAT OVE @ eee pee reeks OT Gta
(Mou) Oe M [ruosduoy} snijauszO] snjeursrewissesd
(j4ed ur) ru0zAR]D snyfous{O
JEWS (Gael NG TY Tse VanS eoetoy 14 ETUC) | @ ee ai Om Nn aS oa [UoT}Ies FO g “6gI “d ‘OQO6T] WOIEAA [SH]Jaue{O] twoyAeyTO
iii any Eos (Oy ea ae A RS OBS Oa a Sa RC SO [1v9-or9 ‘dd ‘e16g1] yyomMdeT yynasly snyjuesepeyday
VANES (FPS) LUNE fet) eae Pe BOONE Cini Od RC OU OK [1vg-org ‘dd ‘e16gr] YJOoMdeT roary[eo snyjueoejeyday
119830.1q RIARTILD ee ee eee wee eee eee eee eee eee eee eee eens | ae) zal ‘BIOQT | yqomde’T 11983014 snyjurorjeyday
(qaed
ut) PILUJO FT pue (qred ur) RIARTTeD = e Leah ahielleirelrelssitallesilalie Fetalpialis\ (eel la/is\keite leis! reirs elie olisl elie) sie /relieltyitetts) alta) ef alialie/) wks! pies val ‘q16g1] yysomdey] snyjueorpeyday
(jared
Ul) BIO] pue (g4ed ur) eraepEey ce erence ees [ito -d ‘er6gt] yromdeyT snyqueorpeydo>
ysl SES OICTO- 7 0 OUD Oh OCC OHO! Oi) Cag) ODIO OIG. Tul Cia ror cIOIO iGIOemO OCOD. in peer ral ‘ZOg1 | apodace’y snyjueorypeyday
IPURPAWD BIARTTED) Hee eee [SW ‘6061] Mey [(é eIMTOFT) snfoua;O] rpuepses
(qred ur) W4eq[1s snijouaTO
BLUE PLE Gatny) es Tate Metee aan SUI |Grs= po ate Se ORs cc tate mene Aicbes ole Sir Ae 9 reese [Stz “d ‘dQ061] OoTeAA [SH]JousTO] Sstsuapeurd
PAUOD—HOVA AO HONHMAARY LNASHYd AHL HLIM ‘AYNLVAALIT AHL NI YNDDO AAHL SV “ACIOVNO
“SHW HHL NI GHOVId MON SIWYOA AHL AO (SHIONdS ACNV ‘VYANADEANS ‘VUANAD AG GHONVUUYV) LSIT
Joo
MESON ACIDZ®
AND OTHER GENERA OF
OLENELLUS
a[Iovis BLIOUUe \\ =
IJUOWAIF SHI[OUITCQ) =
IJ1oq]1s snjpouszOQ = *
I}Joq[Is snjjoueyQ =
SBSIS SN][IUZIQ =
soproydese vreydoooydiy [yy =
soproydese veyeydaoojdypqy =
ereydaosoqydyyy =
epeydosojydyyy =
Yypnsoly eiwujoyy =
eruyoy] =
UOWIF sn{JIUITO = *
IyJIOMde] snijoue]Q =
PUPJUOULIOA SIORUOSA TT =
IZ}IMYIILU STOVUOSO PY =
(j4ed url) saproyy
-ueseZ pue (jied ut) sloeuosayy =
soproydese eyeydasoqdiyjy =
soproydese vyeydaooydiyypy =
eyeydssojdy[y =
epeydasoydy[y =
stovuosa|y =
Tuosduoy} SHy{[Iue]Q —=
soproydese epeydaso0ydypy =
saproydese eyeydasojdypy =
soproydese epeydasoydyjyy =
epeydooojdiy =
eyeydssojydify =
Wie Token ten antVeter Homeksmanemers Patere wisies hodetep iter susieud chs. oon **Fqot al 4881] Nag! [SH] [eusTO | 1aloqrs
be agree. SEC ES ANS Cece hoRca MnP ERET Ao CEU C earn ee cree corsets eles creel rer Coe
hogs ‘eI ‘1 ‘ssy Aq pojutosoido1 suojeydas pue ez sy ‘oOh ‘d 6ggr] AojsayyT [snauejQ] Naeqys
: |e ee iT ea Aq ais oe Suatuttoads sJoyM ‘oor ‘d “6gg1] Asso] [snyjpeue IO] A9qI1s
ERPS aS RI PMR G eos pares. steeds eaten rer eons dd “fear |. talon (Solera ieneeme cite
eo ee eee Pret ress reste seeeseeeeses ss «t/a -d 1 “By ‘999 “d ‘F6gI] Yoeag [snqjauato] seBi8
Mak Sa ae eB ee ee. meres tor -d 1061] fysadwog [snj[aus{Q] seproydese (snyjets109+) )
A AC ONS Teese ee cece cc esceees*Fq-eBr ‘sey ‘Er Jd ‘ore ‘d ‘66g1] S19qoj, soproydese snyjors1005)
ere Sa ataPevcae ie eTaIR « ane Me a torr ene Ss fits e atatel abate “191 “d ‘1061 ] [ysaduiog [SH{[Pu2]1O ] SH]]91S109+) )
heSdextesew etal Sete S Rare Facet ease Tone oe a aval anion ten ree neces oie ta ete RS “5s T/T8 -d 66Qr] B1oqop snjjar81005
micutreweierensualel aPoraret'e wehcltas “e eter cts STD Pane “foL- SL ‘dd < 8881] MOY} [SoplIxopeieg] ypNsoly (¢ ‘uery)
Sics)16) else) (9a) d/uerie’e)\'sice: (ee) (a\is)iwlie bus)ie'. 6 Ore: .0s (une ta ea wieia a Leese . Si hich wis @ Lele ce Ssh lOZ a ‘dd ‘ QRgI] Moye 2 ‘Ud4)
esi ehsaiieRe oe Tons Retennes ate Nis. gerestohwcogere terres ee ah Susie, ease eae es ‘(Zg1 al ‘IQO6T } }OI[VAA [SH[OU2eTO] HuoUurTesy
SIE E NIG et ee sien ag aloe ‘soy ‘Oz jd‘ 99 ‘d ‘FOgr} yorog [ty}1OMAdry snyjous{O] snyesuoja
he ira Cada aes is OE hee en Tee ‘d ‘O6Q1] Noose, PURJUOUIIDA (Ri}prUYydS ) snyeydosoqdi]q
Retr Tos! Ss steers sce scecseses (EOE -d O6QI] Noose, IZWMYOIW (eNpiuiyss ) snjeydsso3dy[q
Rbelslaqetiteoe seeahi lars Peete sees esses eseesesseess sPeQ8 -d O6gI] nose (eApHUYyIS) snpeydooody yy
sesesessessssror-r say ‘bd ‘eZz-Sgz ‘dd ‘ZZg1] pao [sn{[aus{O] seproydese (snypeydesojdiy]q )
Freer e eee e esate cess sees eceesesesesessseeeesrer od ‘eggary nosey saploydese snyeydoooidyyy
BU she openoct as etake aes a eieicomeneetersus a Stes ese ees sre/z-Goz “dd ‘Zgry prog [snyfaus,{Q] (snjeydesoydyyq )
RS nO GIN rate Bio ee Be ao Freee e eee esse seeeeeseeresssstzoe sd (O6gI] noosepy snjeydesoidy Tq
Peeters sees ree eeesnneeese cn esseeereerses «rz6r «G “Z6gr] saypseg (sloeuosay) ereydesoidiT”
SAS baci Gasp ao ee aa eae ge ea Sebel ‘ou ‘ovS ‘d ‘OQgT] JOTI ruosdiuoy} epeydosojdrypy
Petes eee tees ee cee ese eesereesseseses- 17 -gBy ‘So “d ‘ghgr] suowuUr” seproydese ejeydesoidyyy
Men hu gta th ok 2 se gins eS Beck er mea ee Seal CID ‘SOY 12 ‘d ‘FVQT | SUOWULUG soproydese epeydosojydiyyy
Peete ee eee e renee ee eeee ee eeecssreesseses 1 Tpe-Ob€ “dd ‘Z6gr] 9105 soploydese epeydoooidy ya
eed sre AW AR Ho eeeeleoicind vs arene Hale serene vase cnoroe T6G.d"G6on] Mote epeygasoIanT a
Pree ne scenes ee eee een ereeseeees sence cress secereses cess (Go od ‘obgr] suomurg epeydeooidr|q
PIO] amen Meelis loker g.stane ate! She usles Sie) coy sheweneds 840.8 folie!) (6).9).6.e4>'\b, 8/6 abies lee) elie) sm wie) sie | 9JOUJOOF ‘OO! “d ‘06Q1 | MOY BIWWJOL]
Se)
i “Thin sR eos a ere prreee eoras ec ee Ce ee eae
rs) vILUJOF] 2 FOG OID GaCBU ROR ICO rE SON CON NED et eres (avertaxesdnisiebel wi) oy ave erp ale! eh eiiwiiem cela . [bz Tal ‘1061 } wojjspury RILUTOP]
mae eIwjoH i fe elisif6iin a)cafe ess x iaga este ole (ee Were wt ewer) sive 6 ja (na 6) ele) oleae Me\ielie\lalg coi 9s ks). 19 CRCR PKs [ir ‘d ‘L691 ] yooit PIWUOT]
eI OL] = SRNR aS EER DAD DICER CLO LLL ORIOL Geog OnE OOS Sch weNt coin ck erence [Pre ‘d ‘Z6Q1 gop emUyOyy
n vIWOL] = Piawitel aie) (elar et ieiialcetetiaie:b)19)7e) stcu elial of &/\arwiie: es cerel-e.b se; (oie! el ofiecairal.s.¢ 16 celenp simye)(s\(e, elie) 61a \eltavalie eis [ 161 ‘d ‘L681 ] Jaye gq PIWIOP]
5 its NT Og gs OR a aR RL econo 2 (mou) Woope AA [eoUUR AA] TTTEY
a aploevis i BIIOUUL \\ = 6 DU In BO. SIy 3h GOO S Orta SG cco 0- do St ea OC ROCE TOG DOS (Mou) Wo.eM [é BIIOUUL AA J goes
a PREMIO eas See ee Sea no ae eee ee (Mau) WooeA\ [Sh]fous|O] “rea yseqs
2 TMogTs snyusjo =" Bee tnisgce ke ese Mee aan nice [fgi-zgr “dd ‘SZgr] qoq ED [(snpeus]Q) snuezo] Haeqs
5 TWaqnS snyousjQ = Retin eaten aeoe ae [a-ve ‘s8y ‘cd ‘ob-br -dd ‘ZZgr] ony AA [sHTPUIIO] Haeqns
n OCS) Ny SI aS ‘ SPafecokemskere (Z ‘d ‘PZgr] onYyM [SHTPEUIO | Tyroqis
o Hisg [ie SHjjauey@.== aan DP oN a ON Nag [UoTIasS JO Z “OQI “d OQOGI] FOIeAA [SHJouIIO] HAeqs
i SISUSpeADU ¢ BIARTTeED =" [81 pue or ‘s8y ‘Sg jd puv ! 31 pur ar ‘ssy ‘hg [d ‘eL6gr] HoOITeM [SM]]JOUZ7O] TI 1oqs
as mOUMSET UouaT() ew et a eee tres a eta ae tet. aye tic settee tie Stal nicl wlan [wu-yr ‘I-81 ‘I “s3y
rs 98 ie pue {y1 pue ‘vr ‘1 ‘s8y ‘Sg jd sy pue pi sey ‘bg Jd “V1OgI] WOM [SMITOUZTO] IyJoqis
a IJAIqIIS SN[[IUsTQ = [Vv By 98 He puv ! p-qr ‘sy ‘Sg ‘jd fo-ev1 ‘1 ‘sdy ‘bg Jd ‘er6gr] HooeM [SHJeuO] I} 1aq|Is
3 SISUOPBASU { eIARTTTQO =" “(Sz pure Yc ‘pz ‘oz ‘s8y ‘61 Jd ‘ogr-oZ1 “dd ‘oggr] WooTRAA [SHTPUETO] HAeq|ts
a age nie hae sce le a es ne eae [ez pure c sBy ‘Iz [0 pue fw-yr ‘Ter
) — Sed gk at te Bik e elie BI ‘ssy 4 is see z9Q ‘dd ‘o061] Neqeiry [Ssn]JaUITO] 1iesso1q (erUMOF])
EAC FOR CRS 2 UN Le) ane Ra Un li Mle nc gi Te vie eve, Ep ‘dd ‘o061] ting [snyJous{O] lessoiq (eruypoqyz)
119550.1q PIARTIRD —— Oe ole ote 8 oe oc oe oe CC er ar) eZ) pue zL9 ‘dd YORI | yorog 1193301q erwuyoy]
1198301q RIART[LD SS OUID Diana ribo oj le Wcelte 8 M16, 650) le) vielen? ela iw we 6 0Xel aie [ 1Z€-oZ¢ ‘dd ‘0681 | noose yl 11as801q é PILOT]
eIWUOFT sar U1 i8 } Sieh eee Retisie es) dp elapieliel act #ile) exekel (sign id e'a\ a jeliaie ie xe ke key" te, s)-ahene | ore ‘d a) ‘Sy ‘ZOQT | ao) [snyjauetO] ( e1luOFT )
eIUIOP] eee 5,6, ©) Pl ® 16/8, el(p peels) 65 oe) lela\ 8) ous) /6).6\ sie « ons etenv bier 6 teria Supls) FLon¥ cee eee [1S-oS ‘dd ‘0061 JOJO PIWIOFT
Ot) sec fZi-b1 “dd ‘1061] fpodmog emuozy
(j1ed
ur) PIART[RD pue (q.1ed ur) PIWU[O}] sama A Se i6) Musial no 78) eT Aa 4m (5) \6i'o) ellvhie)mpeiseeela. 60) 'e) 9) 08) 01650 she wine Mi elein le. #8) 8) vis [gez “d ‘ORT | auIOFT pue yorag PILUOL]
(j1ed
ur) BIART[eD) pue (jared ul) Erno RT =~" Bie) aia. (6) ae eo ma S10 epee -¢).6) ele" 6) 41s @ene <0 wah 0 6) 086 ws Su 0 sg dapesbmadiates el 252 pue bic dd ‘OORT | S1IGOW PILOT]
TUONO — ei see ee O58. WONG LDS a ec erie) ei 4: en) mi Ruel eae dlls" 6) eed) a) km 1a pie roar a amr Sa 6 ‘d ‘66g1] MOYEN PIWUOP]
o—W
COLLECTIONS VOL. 53
SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS
358
ypnssly eIWOH —— ttt ee Oa wy erwin ielal Velaro ten ‘pitetel bi easter a (a iplebe vp cirel alte oe [2}0U}005 ‘oft ‘d ‘9291 | ploy [Seprxopeieg | ypnsa fy
ypnsaly PIUO LL =o SP pe eiob gn: is! >Nessse0l ol viel ellisiip!.«) (s)(60\ 0. 16 10! e! bree [ZI ‘OY TAS yd ‘TZ9 ‘d ‘VOI } yorog [ (SHTpPPueTO ) PIUIOF } ypnssly
ypnte fy PILUOL] tte ms] Ne) <8) aL eh Ali yea alge) wiuia te, wise) te) SWer cata CONC D1 [ec “SY OT ‘\d ‘QIe ‘d ‘OOQT | S1IqOW [ eIUOH | ypnsaly
Tee) (00 (0) = a [99f-Sof “dd ‘o6gr] nosiepy femMpoRT] yynsaly
NTC YS Ot (0) ge [ZS -d ‘1061] wWosyspurq [emUpoFy] YpNzaly
ypnsoly VUpOH[ ccc ttt ates [1tg-otg “dd ‘v16gr] yysomdey [snyjuroypeydayy] yas ly
PUTCO AN CET RS IIT © 15 | @)p=— en aoa 4 pecans nce eete tess hctvacts [4 ‘sy ‘ze ‘[d ‘g9Q9-999 ‘dd ‘POQI] Yovag [Sh]JeusTO ] Sshipeuttozur
ISBUIPPI BpoyVag Hv ete es "ze 3y ‘bg Jd ‘of ‘d ‘e16g1] Hose MA [SH{Jouey]O] IsSsurppr
ISSUIPpI e]JoyIvog no eo wee eh oenshe barrens! je ola tele eles: si eXere)ieils)\e7 seis! (a) \¢/el.e) (e [1 “SY ‘61 ‘jd ‘oLI ‘d ‘O88I ] }0I[2 MA. [SHy[eue{oO | ISSUIPpI
ISBUIPPE BPPOyIVag Hees [zi ‘By 6 Jd ‘gz -d ‘Fggr] WooTeAA FsN]JeuD]O] Is8uppr
ISSUIPpr Byoyovag = cette SMeanere seats eee sertia AES attics sates Reta dhMshe ates [SxS “d ‘Zegr]} woz, [snypousto] is8urppr
IWIOGTIB Snpfoua[O Ht [egr d ‘SZgr] qsaqyy [(snjouatQ) snuajo] WeMoy
IOUS snppous|Q == es [q-eb “s8y ‘z ‘[d ‘gh-2b dd ‘ZZgr] omYAA [SHTaUETO] YPEMoy
I1oq[is SN{JeuUsTO = B05 PSG) se Ne he-O 56 6 etshe@iiave:a 6) @s%e.-07 65 @.ehe::e un ohnlevie) he is (s(n s'.6J0' fe:ev6 eo %n ee ain: a [8 ‘d ‘PZQ1 } SY MA, [SMIJPUITO | TJoMoy
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RE oRe ion aieenrel ei io tere eta Ra febecs cite weighe ne, SENSES etc USIN ‘PZgI] AoW [sn]pouazO] Wemoy
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ul) RIART[RD pue (aed ur) RIWOF] = a emeitar of. seiislioUaWelal ennai sfieiiele: 's)\elehislieliolelielisiiate:cutisiiefls/ipiuijeliere re lench ise ete [tZ9-1Z9 ‘dd ‘F6QI | yprag (snqjausqQ) BIWOF]
ISYOOM BIPLADN SH teeter [uordes Jo ZI ‘6gr “d ‘ogO61] ODL AA Isyaom eLLUTOTT
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359
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IVOSCUTO ARS [SUS] @)i— ek sales ekes Se onhy [Zeskhes tL he wee ial © coven opueiieg [seprxopeieg ] snjeydasosoeu
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rare dis chai (oi fe ae aoa OA ee arate Paes Baie Ca BAD Gs fess 2 ‘d ‘96g J udyoOy YNsel!y snyjaus[O
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ypnae ly TT 901 pA ST CEE cel a a Ma a a a navatie [br “d ‘Q/Q1} Jasso1g ypns9 ly Sn{[eue]O,
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IsSUIpp! (2) SL Ieee Mee Sa oa es kes eee Satan [I ‘3y ‘61 |d ‘oft ‘d ‘QQQT | WOOL AA. ISSUIPPI SHI[IUZ{O
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ISSUIPPI epoyoeVag Ss SRO OCIOI CVD OMUITUC ONO OSD Foch OiA pucher cd Cece chcetl TO Sfayeles(eke eh phate ele? eekeh aw fare ‘d ‘£991 ] WOH, ISSUIPpI sn{[ous[O
T}1Oq]Ls SnyjauelO FES HIOIOD DEO Ir CRO VOD <0) OR FORCE EOSIN ICRC SBOE TUCS YS yp 00 [gi ‘d ‘S291 ] yoy [snus[o] i]JoMoy (sn][eus[O)
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seqyrs LIES 1G) ea oe ca cas” Gata eA ne Sa ‘CSIN ‘pQr] YIP WJaMoY snypjeusyO
AEN MAC a SM [steyi== a eee nan Sin cccreto te tare Pete HONG (Mau) Woe A\ “IEA HsaqyIS snyousto
Hisqe smypeteiQ = oe aes saa [fgr-cgi “dd ‘SZgr] ysoqyry [snua{Q] HseqUS (sn[puetO)
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1uUOsdWOY} SHJouUeTO == "°°" * "[Bl pur I ‘ssy ‘eg ‘[d De eI pue I ‘ssy ‘zg ‘[d ‘e16gr] HOKE A IuOsdulo0Y} SsN{[aus{Q
tuosdur0y} sny[ous,O = ee eee ee ee eee ee ee ee ew we wee een ares esses sre sra see srssesene ore eee eter [I “Sy
‘fc ‘jd pue fi ‘sy ‘ez ‘[d £6 pure ‘Py ‘% “ssy ‘Z1 ‘[d ‘ggr-Zor ‘dd ‘oggr] WooTeAA tuoOsdut0Y} sn{JousI{O
snjyeu
“fALELUISSbI1. [MOSOLUOUP HEH | Sap) sae eae ue erie tonto esse Ses sias “srr ay ‘Zr ‘Id ‘gor-Zor “dd ‘oggr] Wooye AA tuosdui0y} sn{faue,O
IUOSCIMO NA Sip S Ua Oi aa eee yt ete seer Sais [cz ‘sy ‘fr ‘Jd ‘Z1€ pue bre “dd ‘66gr] Sisqo; tuosdu0y} snyjaus{O
1uosduroyy snypeus]O eee ee ee eee eee eee tee eee eters ween s crane SOKA ‘d ‘1061 | WO.A}SpurT ruosdwio0y} SnIIUe|Q
TUOSdUIOY} snfJoueTQ = aaa aR RS BLE NE? ACE j ‘Soy 3x9} © ‘16P “d “6ggr] Asso] truosdwoy} snyjauetO
ruosduoy} Sn]PUue{O ht ee he wee eee ree eee eraser arse en are enna s sens [ris ‘d ‘£981 | wyoy ruosduroy} snyeua[oO
1uosdu0 yy SHypousTO caer ie lerege pte! sislinioliatia lei aroiensiei's)\e\,~ « a: oi Wp aye Dlage.afe- eielsaie te,-6 ie sizslane a Any ae woes 6 [PII ‘d ‘qzggt | eH 1uosduroy} snyjaua[oO
1uosdu0y4 Snypeue|O Beefy hyena inal cain dap crete stan yy navia.Te LXer oF OMe Levee sue lyn easier Rede aaa {Z ‘BY ‘RI ‘|d ‘Z6Q1] Y Yo] 1uosdu0y} sny{faueTO
1uo0sdwoy} snypouatO SE ONOICROIO ICR ICCC ECCI EEC ROEC ICCC NCEE TIC el 6. 5) (6. 40-0) oi 4 epee! are bphe [98z ‘d ‘eT ‘By ‘TQQT | plo .T 1uosdwioyy sny{[ausjO,
ruosduroyy Sn{[IUu2]O BEC CIOIOO ICI ECR IORO ICICI CNOROICIC EC IC SCNCIONONCIC EC ECE I NUIC ICC ILEUM NC ECECHU IC eae eee wees [ere ‘d ‘ZOQT | ajo9 ruosduoy} sn [eus{O
SUPPISURIA SeIUnoped tee eee eee B Bealls, 6; a;6:\6, © 6. Sexe ene 106 (0 .¥ 6) eel ote: e miel®, aisle a Il ‘d ar 98t] ssul[iq Tuosduroy} Sn][oUu21O
snyepNoiyjor snypousztO = °°’ cee e ewes iris Pawatanne’ a Ore (en ee eee eee ree eens eee ewww eee ee ee ee [4-1 ‘sBy TS
a ey iWi= 18 ee I ee of teat ¢Z9 ‘d ‘vy “sy 3x0} ‘g99-So9 “dd ‘FOgr] yoRog snyepNoer sni{joeue|O
[2 TT ASO TUS TORILOG ON ee ici is Sera pee ‘d “ssy 1X9} O1 ‘S61-161 “dd ‘6ggr] YprwMYyIS Iz}IMyYoIlu snyjpaus{O
ZAMS STU STOR BOSON Ni abe wanes 2 eee guia hua ERS eas “*[Sz2-1 ‘ssy ‘I ‘[d ‘61-€1 ‘dd ‘gggr] ypruydS Iz}IMyYIU snyyaus[O
Iud.1Spuny (Blain key ts a UE eG eek ek ake ET mari Meee 61h ol oe peer Na eae ‘d eg SIIGOW Iuaispuny] sn{[au2eTO
eae aS OS te gts oneee PROS A CaO ar (Mau) Wooe A TUeSo] snypoueytO
TITOMGELStous() San Ft ens es eirngs os “[9g-& ‘ssy ‘6z ‘[d ‘66 ‘d ‘POgI] yoRag snyesuoje 1yj10Mde] sni[aue{O
IYjJIOMAR] snjjous{Q =" pei Meiea eras (eM Oey = Ae iy La Aree ‘dd a | SIP ED nee yorog ROM GET SNypeus{O
TYyJIOMAR] snjaustQ —= *** else wie ajiexe tie ovine payana ter ka eiels- sv egspereuece ait set oieteReluiala sian eee een wes @ 0.0 es ee wlee 00's [g ‘By
‘ef jd pue tZ “sy ‘oe "jd ee pue ‘e.1 ‘sai o2 a: ‘ygg-zgg “dd ‘P6gi] yoeog iyyoMdr] snijaue{O
VOL. 53
MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS
SMITHSONIAN
\O
\O
se)
Yy[nsoly eruyoyy = *
IPUL]JIVO VIARTTLD = °
TDART[VD CIALT[eD = °
IDARTI[CD CIALT[eD — *
TOARTTED BIART[eD — *
119S301q BIARTTED = *
LI9SSO1q BIART[RD = *
IAqsO1) BIARTTED = *
TAQSO39) VIARTTeS) = 7°
BILUTO Fy = *
sopioydese vppeydosojdiyjy = °°
vyyeydoooidypy = *
saproydese vyeydoooqdyyfy = *
eyeydssoqdy]yq = *
‘ypun ‘ds ‘¢ snypoueyTOQ = °
ypun ‘ds “3 snyjaue~TOQ = *
‘ypun ‘ds ‘i snjjous{Q = °
TIING VIAvTTe >) — ~~
TAME TAR ITE) a=.
I}OOTVM ¢ 2 snypouszOQ =
1}JOITeM ¢ 2 snypoustQ =
VURJUOLUIOA SIOvUOSITY = *
VULJUOWIOA SIOBUOSATT = *
SUP}ISULIY SPIUNMOpXRd = °°
VULJUOULIOA SIOVUOSOIN = *
PULJUOULIOA SIORUOSa|] = APU"
I[]J210} stovuosayyy =
See Pee LE Rees EE eer erase Le ee COL 90D ypnse ly (e1wuyjoy )
eee acne ES ESTEE BN SE Ot Sait ge a4 tik ot goed ol TAN ‘6061 | MBY Ipury}sed (é PIUI[O} )
[Sx ‘[d pu ‘Sz-1 ‘ssy ‘hi ‘[d ‘g€S-o€S ‘dd ‘qr6gi] YJomde’yT rary[eo ( eiwyoyy )
Peete sees eee eeeee se seeeses sss PEE pure PFE “dd ‘Z6gr] 9]0D 1oaRyyeo (erwMpO})
Pipes eter es eeese ses seeseeeseess +1609 siealens “***1q-ez ‘s8y ‘PE ‘[d ‘6g9-Zog “dd ‘oo61] neqeir ¢ saproydese (stovuosayy) Sny[aue[O
PAGS OMAR UNE Is) at Ps pe ER Tes ie aay AS epee at ei ae ao tae [Sb ‘d ‘oo61] Jing saproydese (sioeuosayy) snppeueta
soplordese Bypeydasoidyyay Se ee ee [S21 -d ‘9-9 ‘ssy ‘gZ1 ‘d ‘SO6g1] Jayoveq soproydese (sioveuosay ) SHIOUITO
(j4ed ur) sroeuo
-SoT" pue (qed ur) epeydoooq diy SONG Ora 00 ODior oni Co oie Catolo Sn ipingc sreria oe [Z£9 ‘d ‘e16QI | woe M (slovuosapy ) sn PUuayO
sloeuosayy == ih Pe ays wiih a pause ee ae Soke Se fase nee [ere -d “€ “By ‘z6gr] ajo (slovuosay) snqpousta
SHUL}OI[LM ViIJIUUL AA = *[V-1 ‘ssy ‘ze ‘Jd ¢z pue I ‘ssy ‘1 ‘[d ‘6gz-Zgz ‘dd ‘1o061] J9UUR AA SHUL}}OITLM (ILUTOFT) SN{pPUITEa
ILS ESN OT See ck? "* Le ‘BY “C6 Jd pur ‘z “sy ‘og Id ‘SEQ “d “e16gr] Hoope AA Y[Nsaly (vIwUpOFT) snppeus[O
Yypnte fy eIUOF, = Cd BP ey gees aac on cae ‘BY ‘el ‘\d ‘LOT ] Yyootyy ypnse fy ( eruyOT] ) Sny[aus]{O
‘VOL. 53
SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS
368
CUCIUOUMIOM SIOCUOSS IN. —— APUD Tee cree 8 Sie ees ore eeeeeeeeceeese TIT d ‘Togi] ssur[ig euejuoulsoa soprxopeieg
BUEIUOULISA SIOPUOSO IN a= syne Peet oct Re eee eke > ues: aie [8 ‘sy ‘Ss ‘[d ‘gé2-Léz ‘dd ‘19gr] spuvsieg eueyuousaA saprxopeieg
IWosduoy} SNjfOUa|O eee “ss *s*Togz -d ‘oggr] suowurg rosduoyy saprxopeieg
sue }ISURTy svIMMapeg el ee we wcle Oe eee eee et ee ee 5 Coreen nce [11 ‘d ‘QT | ssulypig 1uosdui0y} soprxopeieg
RUC MOT STU ere (yes hn a Meg ncaa ni at RRS Mit oc e ten 9h nce > fas "(9 ‘8y “S ‘Id ‘oZz “d ‘rogr] epursseg ruosdwoy} seprxoprieg
soneE LAT UR eu GINS 1h | ie | (p= Med Ni aa CaCl NTR ae ate ea Loge “d pue 2g ‘d ‘oggr] suowiuy snyeydasosoeu sapixopeieg
MOS CUTOUT RSENS (6) et ee Oana mc to oak eo mace [4 ‘sy ‘S ‘Jd ‘Z4z-94Ze “dd ‘19g1] apuesieg snjeydooos9eur Soprxopeleg
Ypnsaly eUOP] Hee cee [z ‘By ‘oz d ‘gr “d ‘oggry 00[eAA Yfsely soprxoprieg
Ws = FST CHAO 10) imac et hack a Mo eA aN [€-1 ‘soy ‘or ‘d ‘264-064 ‘dd ‘1Zg1] uossieuury ypniely sapixopeieg
yypnsely PIWITOF] weet) (61/8) (66 @ (6 ish.v) eifeueleliaxel (s) sce |e. 0 \a)/e)m (a calhele e) 6. 010i '0..0\ ei:are,/0/4 era eae Dae 0 ‘SSU Q ‘d ‘CZ81] F[Hae yy ypnsze ly Soprxoprieg
UpnsIo la, CMUpOPp = tse ise ete ees hergse -d ‘or 8H ‘eSe-GSz “dd ‘IQ8I] PlOY Y[Nssly ¢ sopixopeirg
YpNsaly erUpOP] tee tee ees *[oJOUI005 ‘OL “d ‘gZQr] Posy YJNI9ly soprxopeseg
oto Cfole ray (aN Ya) LLG @ ite ea pee le Ro 2 eae oar Pe eR La [48 “d ‘uontpe sty ‘oggr] suowury snypeydeotyoviq saprxopeieg
IMOSMUOUT SHITsateiss eT es are en cio se Loge “d ‘oggi] suoutun [snpeydeso}dipyq{] soproydese (seprxopeieg )
an tof: Lal wht o) HAWKS) 961) Lie) @ ea a ee Re [04 “sy JO pusso ‘2g “d ‘oggr] suoutuy soproydese saprxopeaeg
Soploydese ereqdoaoy dug as Oo A ee ee ite eee [5-P ‘ss8y “S Jd ‘oZz-t4e ‘dd ‘19gt] apuesseg soproydese saprxopeieg
(q1ed ur) eyeydos
-oydyyjqy pure (jaed ur) emmpopp cette eee Sc aatage xe [210uj004 ‘ofr “d ‘g/gr] poy sapixopeseg
SHJOUZTC eh DOA Os OR: Ci OSI TOROS: DCO TOI0 SOR TEC ih sen E CACC CUD. hath have th Ca Oe OstiiCa aCe CN OrDs cn Ooi itiactin [88 ‘d ‘OOgT | SUOWIUI, saprxopeieg
SUB}ISULI] SUIMAPRg <= tte eee SSN ONS SPIER Papcety? (Mou) yoore A suvysues semunapag
SPIUMOpe gy Here cece tte e ee eee tre eens eee erenes (mau) josey sviumMapag
HroqyI8 snypousyQ = °° * Fe NS Ons asa oe coca eet cy MIE MT eRe rae [€gt “d ‘SZgr] qz0qfID yjomoy (snyeuc[Q) snuato
IWOqIEB snypouajQ sete [fgi-zgi ‘dd ‘SZgr] ysoqyrN Hs0qL3 (sn[pus,Q) snue{o
BULJUOUIIOA STORUOSOT =e eee ['3y 4x0} ‘ZzS -d ‘q6Sgr] [er eurquoursda snua{o
EAU EY UONOBHS YA) Oe VATOIS}S) fp tae ke eee eg me RECA ET CATES IR Os CANTER [09 ‘d ‘e “By ‘19-09 ‘dd ‘v6Sg1] [[e_ eurzUOW.sIA snud[CQ
KO SCM MST To Well G)yesseneyee see ceca eke cease he eM pecs SOb Lene ratte eh oss [9z& ‘d “sy ‘gzS-SzS -dd ‘q6Sgr] [[ey tuosduroy} snuslQ
1uosdur0yy snypauaytO Reems Shin stab ia) sip] ceecpie) ®a.leyfeliel os, (ah aiiausiteva.e tones (ovealvile’ sa" ess lel afinl.0,te) e° s)s [09 ‘d ‘Sy 6S ‘d ‘e6SQT | eH tuosdui0y4 snugoO
PJUOD—-HOVA AO HONAAHAAA LNASddd AHL HLIM ‘AMNLVYALIT AHL NI YUNDOO ATHL SV “WAIOVNO
“SHIN HHL NI GHOVId MON SNYOA AHL AO (SHIONdS GNV ‘VYANADANS ‘VYANAD AT GHONVUUV) LSIT
369
OLENELLUS AND OTHER GENERA OF MESONACIDA
tuosdiw0y} SHIJIUZT-E ai trae inl ce eae OL SMR RL Re Ee reat Ot Mes LC hte ye acc) eeenee [VII ‘d ‘qzQgt } Il@H [SH][PUuZ][O ] tuosduroyy
WOSsduI0YY snypoua|O = ves tee ee eee SaPehrone eh ab anthy GERI Eye [4 By ‘er yd ‘L6QI] yoo [snyJauatQ} tuosdur0y)
1uosdwuo0y} S18 | LUG) @ p—— ek OG OL a cee CID earache und SASSER CAME eta [sz ‘d ‘zy “Sy ‘T9391 ] p10 .q [SH]Teue{O ] tuosdu10y}
tuosduoyy SH]JIUuZ]TO SS IIa LECT al OG ORO) SY Cat isa) Canon TG TED Pulte e, Div top he Je~R. aOLe ve earn es [ere ‘d ‘ZOQI ] ao [SnyJeu2[O] tuosdwioy}
SUP}ISUBIY SPIunapxeg eo Ned ai /0 01d) t@ oes BG. ellate tone ettetnl a fe eee ese we eee le ive el siewere: wild’ of wn [11 ¢il ‘SQgt | ssullig [SnyJeus[Q ] tuosdwi0y}
ruosduroyy SH][IuZTO = RORY Etta sl t8,.8, 8, eh aire su elisle sve) pis) et hatwten fia oof e [£001 Pojat ‘obS ‘d ‘OQg1] JIT [epeydoooydiyyq ] ruosduroy}
tuosdtu0y4 SN]JIUZTO a SR ee bid Xellavelsis a eiishete evens «86 6) 10 arek Spier ele! ele's se bie ene la [1 ‘oy OT ‘Id ‘eZOgI | I@H [eipuesieg | tuosdwo0yy
ruosdwoyy sn]Jausy ttt eee eke) ov spupekeliiesiele ¥x@ Ssnelie)isialele/is i8/¥\ be sye leis eee eeae [OZE-69€ ‘dd ‘991 ] TeH [eipursieg | tuosdur0y}
1uosduroyy Sn]JouZ]Q wanes Oise Viera" ae. ch eueatshe rere te, CAS CEES 0 ChCAC OY tO cy keer [O11 Tal “3y ‘QII-SII ‘dd ‘0981 | eH [eipuesieg] tuosduroy}
IZJIMYOIUT STOVUOSOT\T = ++ +++ ee Tyrer tes [9}0U}00} “SE “d ‘Q061] S1oqsa8a¢ pue SI9qgoy ‘Sroqopy IZJIMYOIUL SNI[IIypiUIYyIS
STOBUOSOTT = «ss +++ ss: Noa rate eer OU GOT Ge at ‘Q061] S1aqiaBag pue S1IIqOW ‘Ssoqgoyy SHJEHpruyIs
BUBJUOWIISA STOBUOSAYY = tht ttt eee eee Terese TEg€ -d ‘o6gr] nosey [snyeydooojdy]y] eueyuoursda (eypruyps )
I[[2.10} SIOBUOSa I] meee ok eld celul aicaie halal dineticiorederecerie S)safenenscatis [41-1 "s8y ‘CT ‘|d ‘QEE-0£€ ‘dd ‘6681 ] SIOGOW I][210} d BI}pIuUIYyIS
IZ]IMMOTU STIBUOSaTJ et ON ONO OR PaO POChOMY CRO Pia ereie-e obs ip: [£ge ‘d ‘06gT ] noose jy [shyeydasojdiyq J IZ}IMYOTUL (e1prunyss )
IZJIMAOTUT SINPUOSOTAT = tt eee ee eee eee, “*"**T9-eG ‘say ‘x Jd ‘oze-61€ ‘dd ‘6631 ] SIIqOJ IZJIMYSIU BIYPIUIYIS
(j1ed ur) Soproyy
“UBILZ pur (j1ed ur) SPOR UO Se Apa eet edo eledeastes a a elersln tat egeiieiensi, « Cane areas © caer ‘0681 ] noose [snyeydosojdiyy ] (epruryas )
podoryserg = oSiip) elie] ‘d)'») site rulial witatiellete as ip eeoecee Se) s)"e (s\ S\bite wes) 6) ene) vl wise Sea, en eae EOE Yoqio A BIyprIUIyIS
SIDEUOSOIT Siete eee eens Ease neebu steve s [es OrSIonIODD PETE 66g] S10qo py elpruryas
WEOZOIOT ise + tee eshte eee dee alates bale spejente Cece sere I ge en a Rear eIpruyss
IOMOL BIUOP] = tre SE ROC EC Hues aN Dont SOT CRCLERAER & OF iceentng [woroes yo zx ‘6gr “d ‘9g061] 30978 \\ [erUITOFT] 1emox
(j4ed ur) T1aq[s SN][IUuIZTO
pue (j1ed ur) snjuasie SU OUST @) == ee ee SPOR AOS PO ERENT © 2 SS SPMONIas: 0: € "60rd ‘IZOOI] JOITV AMA [PIuyjo}y] tamo.r
OPIOVIS ¢ BrliauueAA ete eee RE ests PERO Bios sie ‘[UOT}DaS Jo € ‘ggr pue Zer ‘dd ‘IZOOI] 1092 AA [ BIWUOF]] laMor
POF Wopt ATTOYTIAGS JOU + tse ee eee eee eee ce eee eee [uoljas Jo fe pue pr ‘ogi ‘d ‘IQO6I ] HOILCAM [RMUJOTT] amo
SN}ePN}e1 snyjaus]GQ —= Bh Fue le tere lelwl de) wal tse) athe wer eh's AOt w Cle) a ovel Teta e el og £ SLe eee) F Sie, sieeve wee Wis Lee leyerea cel eth waeta cee "*[Z-1 ‘soy ‘Ie ‘jd
pure ‘PI-g ‘9-1 ‘s8y ‘of Jd {€Zo9 -d ‘Vv ‘Sy 3x9} ‘999-S99 ‘dd ‘F6Q1] yovag [Sh]feus]Q] snzepnone.s
B[eysveg = oa by ln fe Sarit ee CO. OheLe Bese, ee mialraie ssi) 1 Sew ale, el aah W-oie case el ai'e (ee) e' 8! eue tw Ture tel ele iG: oe oe "*** (Mou) JO0NTe P]JOyovag
ypnso ly BILUOP] Sa VO OION CORT EAT tO ONT NCCE INC CUPN OME *[QZ-SZ ‘dd ‘9997 ] MOY}L I y[nsa ly (i Ud) ) soprxopeieg:
FHOIEM ¢¢ SNJOUZIQ = tt tee eS [er aye "yd *Z6-o8 “dd ‘8881 ] e1s190,7 pue JO[RYS YIOIeM sapixopeseg
BET OUITON STICUOSATAL a nytt ote te tie Fass be sites cn g's 04 oes win Hell 940U ‘oge ‘d ‘oggi} suowwy uoUIaA soprxopeie
: W V rs) 9 I I
(jared
ul) SUv}IsueI] seTUMOpeg pur
(qed ut) vueryUOIIIA sleuosayy =
VULJUOWUIIA SIOBUOSO]}/
SUL}ISURI] SLILUNOPAg
I][910} sIOvUOSaTYT
I[]910} sIlovuOsaT
snjeu
-IS1vulIsserd TuOsdwioYy} snyjpouelO
tuosdwoY) sny{pous]O
SUL}ISULI} SBILINIPVg
TuUOsdWOY SsNypeUeO
Tuosdwoy} sn]Jaue]O =
TuosdWIOY} SNypIUI]O
SUL}ISURI] SLILUNApeg
sue}IsUeI} SeIUNOpNg
snjeu
-ISIPUUISSeID TUOsdWIOY} sn{PUI|O
Tuosduoy} sn{faus]Q
TuUOSdUOY} SN{JoU2Z]Q
VOL. 53
it Wt Tl
lM Ut tl
Wl Tl
MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS
I Wt tl
snjeu
-IS1vulIsseID TUOsdWIOY} snypoUuIaTO
1uOsdwuoy} sny{paus[O
1uosdwoy} sny[auetO =
ruosdwoy} snypauayO =
TuUOSdWIOY} sn{JIua]O =
SMITHSONIAN
7O
[el pur 1
eee eee nee
St) Ste atigh
-->
Co
SES oe ease. Oe LOOl |: FRET [ vipuviied] vurJUOLUIOA
Se gear eE NSS Se eos cae (OUD) OIL AA [svilunapag |
Ss
4
pa
seeessse sss sissy yxo} ‘2411 “d ‘oogr] [TVA [erpuesieg] eurjyuouriaa
SUBJISUBT]
‘sSy ‘Sr ‘jd ‘gee-of€ “dd ‘66gr] Ss9qoy [2 eNpruyos] pa10}
PS eg ees Gees allie ‘d ‘ZOI | S1OqGOW [SHypeusyoO ] T]]P10}
cet as (Mou) OVAL [SN]JEUS|TO] snjeursseuwtsses9
SS S26 BASEN Sy Seba Lee | ORE ‘d ‘OORT | SUOLULUST [| Seprxopeied |
Cheese 6 ele siee = ac se [ Il ‘d ‘1QOST | ssull[iq [Seprxopeied |
sorts ess Tg By “S yd ‘oZz -d ‘rogr] apueiieg [seprxoprieg |
“*[gzS -d “Sy ‘gzS-SzS ‘dd ‘qoSgr] ]]eH [snue[o]
a PQ NOO EG SL Seu.cOG-20 SeOsQr] ep, [Snus[O]
“Lr sy ‘Sr yd “eSr-1Sr “dd ‘Pggr] ppeywyAA [snppoueto]
*[O1-6 ‘ssy ‘1 "jd ‘1S-6F “dd ‘Oo6r] AITPIAA [SN]PEuLTO] 2
sttesssssscrqr sy “Eg jd ‘er6gr] WOoTeAA [SH]JIUIIO]
‘sdy “fg [d pue ier pur I ‘ssy ‘zg ]d ‘Vr6gr] Wooe AA [SNTPIUITO ]
‘jd
6 pure ‘bh ‘e ‘ssy ‘Zt ‘]d ‘gor-Zor ‘dd ‘oggr] Woe AA [SHTPPUTO ]
‘[z sy ‘C1 d ‘Ze pue Fre ‘dd ‘66gr] Sssqoyy [snjpoueto]
“fr 8y ‘Zr ‘]d ‘gor-Zor “dd ‘oggr] WoIeAA [sNTpoueTO ]
Tetseeecescesesss rer d ‘L061] WOIspury [sn][eue{o]
seeeeess st essy yxoz © ‘16h ‘d ‘Oggr] Agfsa’T fsnypPuato]
Bee Ou rere 0 thie, bim avete cine “pers ‘d ‘Zeer ] wo [SHy]JPue[O ]
ruosdwoy}
tuosdwoyy
tuosdwoy}
ruosdwoy}
tuosdwoy}
tuosduroy}
ruosdwoy}
ruosdwoyy
tuosduroyy
Tuosdwoyy
[1 “sy
tuosduroyy
Tuosdwoy)
1uosdwoyy
ruosdwoy)
ruosdwoyy
tuosdwioyy
PAUOD—-HOVA HO AONHNAAAA LNASAYd AHL HLIM ‘AUYNLVAALIT FHL NI YNDDO AAHL SV “HCIOVNO
o SHIN HHL NI GHDVId MON SWUYOA AHL AO (SHIONdS GNV ‘VYANADANS ‘VYANAD AGT GAONVUUV) LSIT
371
GENERA OF MESONACIDZ&
OLENELLUS AND OTHER
ISyOOM PIPRA
== OS. a FS) oF0 ore: Barer. 0 Ul See Ge ark se-% ee eres 6:3 "6102 Dio 8. Whe 6 Bee. 6 tes, tee ew wee (Mou) Woe [PIPPADN ] IsyooM
ISyao Mee IDE ACN =—- ek ae eive Une eae S Soe ee ne eee eee [WoT}Das JO ZI ‘6gI ‘d ‘DQO61] WoOoeAA [ILUTOFT] IsyooM
POETS pieAT DEIN SG SOU ——. sie ep aia ia arate so Bit) eee ans Rapes [WoT}DaS JO IT ‘OgI “d ‘DQO6I] YOOeA\ [PIWI[OFZ] IsyaoM
EUOWMT TASH TOUS [ Mt ser ah, tk a= at Seeticue eoey ee ee ane {uol}das JO Qg ‘OgI ‘d ‘SQO06I] WOoeA\ [eUUOFT] IsyaoM
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SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS VOL. 53
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1897a. Additional plates (without cover or title page) received at U. S.
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I0O—w
374 SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS VOL. 53
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1860. Thirteenth Annual Report of the Regents of the University of the
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OLENELLUS AND OTHER GENERA OF MESONACID/A 3
NI
cn
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376 SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS VOL. 53
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OLENELLUS AND OTHER GENERA OF MESONACID/E 377
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1893. Occasional Papers of the California Academy of Sciences, 4, 1893:
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Watcort, C. D. '
1875. Ann. Lyceum Nat. Hist., New York, Vol. 11, 1875 (November), pp.
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1884. Monograph United States Geological Survey, Vol. 8, 1884: Paleon-
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1885. The American Journal of Science, 3d ser., Vol. 20, 1885, pp. 328-330:
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1888. Nature, Vol. 38, 1888, p. 551: The stratigraphical succession of the
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1889. The American Journal of Science, 2d ser., Vol. 37, 1880, pp. 374-392:
Stratigraphic position of the Olenellus Fauna in North America
and Europe.
a id a5
378 SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS VOL. 53
Watcott, C. D. (continued) :
1890. Proceedings of the United States National Museum for 1889, Vol. 12,
1890 (February 5), pp. 33-46: Descriptive notes of new genera and
species from the Lower Cambrian or Olenellus zone of North
America.
1891a. Tenth Annual Report United States Geological Survey, 1891, pp.
509-774: The Fauna of the Lower Cambrian or Olenellus Zone.
1891b. Bulletin of the United States Geological Survey, No. 81, 1891:
Correlation Papers-Cambrian.
1896. Bulletin of the United States Geological Survey, No. 134, 1896: The
Cambrian Rocks of Pennsylvania.
1899. Bulletin of the Geological Society of America, Vol. 10, 1899 (April),
pp. 199-244, pls. 22-28: Pre-Cambrian Fossiliferous Formations.
1900. Proceedings of the Washington Academy of Sciences, Vol. 1, 1900
(February), pp. 301-339: Lower Cambrian Terrane in the Atlantic
Province.
1905. Proceedings of the United States National Museum, Vol. 29, 1905.
pp. 1-106: Cambrian Faunas of China.
1908a. Smithsonian Miscellaneous Collections, Vol. 53, No. 2, 1908 (April),
pp. 13-52: Cambrian Trilobites.
1908b. The Canadian Alpine Journal, Vol. 1, No. 2, pp. 232-248: Mount
Stephen Rocks and Fossils.
1908c. Smithsonian Miscellaneous Collections, Vol. 53, Cambrian Geology
and Paleontology, No. 5, 1908 (November), pp. 167-230: Cambrian
Sections of the Cordilleran Area.
WANNER, A.
1901. Proceedings of the Washington Academy of Sciences, Vol. 3, rgoI.
pp. 267-272, pls. 31-32: A new species of Olenellus from the Lower
Cambrian of York County, Pennsylvania.
WELLER, STUART.
1900. Annual Report of the Geological Survey of New Jersey for 1899; pt.
I, pp. 47-53: Descriptions of Cambrian Trilobites from New
Jersey, with notes on the age of the Magnesian Limestone Series.
Wuirts, C. A.
1874. Geographical and Geological Explorations and Surveys West of the
One Hundredth Meridian, Preliminary report upon Invertebrate
Fossils, 1874 (December), pp. 5-27.
1877. Report upon Geographical and Geological Explorations and Surveys
West of the One Hundredth Meridian, Vol. 4, pt. 1, Paleontolgy,
1877, pp. I-20.
WHITFIELD, R. P.
1884. Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History, Vol. 1, No. 5,
1884 (February 13), pp. 139-154: Notice of some new species of
Primordial Fossils in the Collections of the Museum, and correc-
tions of previously described species.
380
Nevadia
iG
8.
A large specimen of the dorsal shield preserving nearly the en-
tire thorax and a portion of the cephalon. The cephalon has
been restored in outline from specimens represented by figs.
2 and 3. Two-thirds natural size. U. S. National Museum,
Catalogue No. 56792a.
. A nearly perfect individual showing fifteen thoracic segments
in the anterior portion of the thorax and eleven in the poste-
rior portion. Natural size. U. S. National Museum, Cata-
logue No. 56792b.
The difference between the posterior portion and anterior
portion of the thoracic segments is also shown by fig. 4.
. A specimen that has been slightly distorted by compression,
showing the cephalon and a few thoracic segments. Natural
size. U. S. National Museum, Catalogue No. 56792c.
. Posterior portion of the thorax. This shows five segments of
the anterior portion and ten segments of the -posterior por-
tion of the thorax. Natural size. U. S. National Museum,
Catalogue No. 56792d.
. Cephalon and portion of the thorax. 4. This represents
the smallest specimen found of this species. U. S. National
Museum, Catalogue No. 56792e.
Enlargement of the lateral cheeks of a cephalon between the
eye and the outer anterior and posterior borders. This illus-
trates very perfectly the venation extending outward from
the base of the eye lobe. & 2. U.S. National Museum, Cata-
logue No. 56792f.
. Portion of a thoracic segment illustrating the central axis,
the pleural lobes and extension. Natural size. U.S. National
Museum, Catalogue No. 56792¢.
Pygidium (> 2) that is associated with specimens of this species
and Holmia rowei [pl. 29]. U.S. National Museum, Catalogue
No. 56792h.
The specimens represented by figs. 1-8 are from locality (1f),
16 miles south of Silver Peak, Nevada.
SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS VOL. 53.
DESCRIPTION OF PLATE 23
PAGE
weekst, new genus and new species (See pl. 44) ........ eee a7
SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS VOL. 53, PL. 23
LOWER CAMBRIAN TRILOBITES
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382 SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS VOL.
DESCRIPTION OF PLATE 24
Da
PAGE
Elliptocephala asaphoides Emmons (See pls. 25 and 44)...............-
Fic. 1. A nearly entire specimen from the type locality (35b), one
mile west of North Greenwich, Washington County, New
York. The spines on the five posterior thoracic segments have
been restored from another specimen. Two-thirds natural
size. U.S. National Museum, Catalogue No. 18350a.
2. Pygidium and seven posterior thoracic segments of the speci-
men represented by fig. 1 but without the five dorsal spines.
Natural size. U.S. National Museum, Catalogue No. 183504.
Figs. 1 and 2 are copied from Walcott, 1891a, pl. 80, figs.
I and ta.
3. A small, nearly entire dorsal shield with the third thoracic
segment prolonged into long spines. 4. Collection New
York State Museum, Albany.
4. A dorsal shield 8 mm. in length with 13 segments. Whether
the last segment (?) is the pygidium or a turned in segment
cannot be determined. 3. Collection New York State
Museum, Albany.
5. Cephalon and 13 segments of young individual in which the
third thoracic segment is not prolonged beyond the others.
<2. The glabella is broadened and the entire cephalon short-
ened by compression and crushing. Collection New York
State Museum, Albany.
Figures 3, 4, and 5 are copied from Walcott, means pl. 88,
figs. 1b, 1c, and td, respectively.
6. Cephalon 5 mm. in length that was used as the base for fig. If,
pl. 88 of Walcott [1891a]. 2. Restored to the right of the
line crossing the drawing. Locality (38) near South Gran-
ville, Washington County, New York. U.S. National Museum,
Catalogue No. 15413a.
7. A cephalon 3 mm. in length with glabella much like that of
fig.6. 3. Locality (38a), near North Granville, Washington
County, New York. U. S. National Museum, Catalogue No.
154130.
8. Form of hypostoma associated with this species at several locali-
ties. > 4. This specimen is from locality (33), in the town-
ship of Greenwich, Washington County, New York. U. S.
National Museum, Catalogue No. 15413c.
Figure 8 is drawn from the specimen illustrated by Wal-
cott, 1891a, pl. 88, fig. rg.
9. A fragment preserving four of the posterior spine bearing tho-
racic segments. Natural size. Locality (35b), near North
Greenwich, Washington County, New York. U. S. National
Museum, Catalogue No. 18350).
This figure is copied from Walcott, 1891a, pl. 90, fig. Ia.
. 269
VOL. 53, PL. 24
SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS
n
Ww
E
a
°
=
[oad
=
=
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(od
a
=
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2)
a
Ww
=
(e)
=F
OLENELLUS AND OTHER GENERA OF MESONACID-® 383
Elliptocephala asaphoides. Emmons (continued) : PAGE
10. Enlargement of the reticulated surface of a portion of the outer
cheek of an old and large individual. X 6. Locality (27),
near Troy, Rensselaer County, New York. U. S. National
Museum, Catalogue No. 154134d.
Figure 10 is copied from Walcott, 1886, pl. 25, fig. 8.
Olenellus 22 wolcoth (shaler and Foerste) ... 0... .5c0c ss hance ees eewes 341
Fic. 11. Type specimen from locality (326d) at North Attleborough,
Massachusetts. The glabella is crushed so as to make it
narrow at the base.
This specimen was first figured by Shaler and Foerste, 1888,
pl. 2, fig. 12; it is redrawn in fig. 11 of this paper.
Pedeumias transitans, new genus and new species (See pls. 25, 32, 33,
Svar i Eemmch IT Clearetots) i eee fem PM Perle (oe cs cin} Sic Grate) w, Fiay'n) alc Sc" oxo eh Ooatey als 304
Fic. 12. Enlargement of the seven posterior segments and pygidium of
the specimen represented by fig. 1, pl. 33. This clearly shows
the difference in thé surface sculpture of the Olenellus thoracic
segments and that of the three Pedeumias rudimentary seg-
ments and pygidium. x3. U. S. National Museum, Cata-
logue No. 56808a.
384 SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS VOL. 53
DESCRIPTION OF PEATE 2s
PAGE
Elliptocephala asaphoides Emmons (See pls. 24 and 44)................. 260
Fic. 1. A young stage (Paraprotaspis) in which the pygidium is out-
lined and the genal and intergenal spines united. ‘x 16.
. Cephalon with the genal and intergenal spines slightly separated.
> 2.
The above described figs. 1 to 8 were drawn for me by Mr.
S. W. Ford from material in his collection cbtained from the
vicinity of the City of Troy, New York. The drawings ‘are
somewhat diagrammatic, but they serve to illustrate progres-
sive development of the form of the cephalon. The Ford col-
lection is now at the New York State Museum in Albany.
Our fig. 9 represents a somewhat younger stage than Ford’s
fig. 1; fig. 10 corresponds to Ferd’s fig. 2.
ie.)
9. The youngest stage (Paraprotaspis) of growth of this species
observed. XX 25. Length four-fifths of one millimeter. U. S.
National Museum, Catalogue No. 15413¢.
1o. A cephalon 1.75 mm. in length. xX 15. U.S. National Museum,
Catalogue No. 15413f.
Figures 9 and Io are drawn from the same specimens as those
illustrated by Walcott, 1886, pl. 17, figs. 5 and 6, respectively.
The specimens are both from locality (27), near Troy, Rens-
selaer County, New York.
11. A cephalon 2 mm. in length that is slightly more advanced in
development than fig. 2. & 10. This cephalon comes in between
figs. 2 and 3 of the Ford series. Locality (29a), near Schodack
Landing, Rensselaer County, New York. U. S. National
Museum, Catalogue No. 15413g.
—
is)
. A cephalon 4 mm. in length with glabella expanded toward its
anterior lobe. XX 3. Compare with fig. 7, pl. 24, which has a
very narrow glabella at its anterior lobe. This is about the
same stage as fig. 5 of Ford’s series. Locality (27), near
Troy, Rensselaer County, New York. U.S. National Museum,
Catalogue No. 15413h.
SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS VOL. 53, PL. 25
LOWER CAMBRIAN TRILOBITES
OLENELLUS AND OTHER GENERA ,.OF MESONACIDZ& 385
Elliptocephala asaphoides Emmons (continued) : PAGE
13. A small convex cephalon. x 3. Locality (38a), near North
Granville, Washington County, New York. U. S. National
Museum, Catalogue No. 154131.
14. A large flattened cephalon from the limestone in locality (36),
3.5 miles north of Cambridge, Washington County, New York.
This approaches in form the specimens from the shale at
Greenwich [pl. 24, fig. 1]. Natural size. U. S. National
Museum, Catalogue No. 15413).
15. Top and side view of a somewhat compressed cephalon in lime-
stone for comparison with the cephalon of fig. 1, pl. 24, which
is flattened in the shale. Natural size. Locality (45b), near
Low Hampton, Washington Couniy, New York. U.S. Na-
tional Museum, Catalogue No. 15413k.
16. Marginal borders, base of genal spine, and portion of cheek
showing surface markings. X< 3. Locality (29a), near Scho-
dack Landing, Rensselaer County, New York. U. S. National
Museum, Catalogue No. 15414a.
17 and 17a. Top and side view of a thoracic spine occurring in lime-
stone. X 2. Locality (38a), North Granville, Washington
County, New York. U. S. National Museum, Catalogue No.
15413.
18. Thoracic spine. X 1.5. From locality (27), near Troy, Rensse-
laer County, New York. U. S. National Museum, Catalogue
No. 15413m1.
This spine was illustrated as the telson of this species by
Walcott, 1886, pl. 17, fig. 3.
Pedeumias transitans, new genus and new species (See pls. 24, 32, 33, 34,
TUMEUR AA CRT Sets ee eae. dh Ae Bieta Metres ates Mt Ale SE Se aS Ses Sak 305
Fics. 19, 20, and 21. Small cephalons showing genal and intergenal spines,
cylindrical glabella, large eye lobes, and in fig. 21 the rounding-
in of the genal angles. No. 20, X 9; No. 21, X 8; and No. 22,
< 13. U.S. National Museum, Catalogue Nos. 56809a, 56809b,
and 56809c, respectively.
22. Cephalon with strong protaspis characters. The genal and
intergenal spines are practically merged into single spines and
the frontal lobe of the glabella nearly merged into the eye
lobes. X30. U.S. National Museum, Catalogue No. 56809d.
The genal and intergenal spines in the young cephalons of
Elliptocephala asaphoides have tae same teidency as those of
this species [see pl. 25, figs. 9 and Io].
The specimens illustrated by figs. 20-22 are from locality
(56c), near Helena, Shelby County, Alabama.
386 SMITHSONIAN .MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS VOL.
DESCRIPTION OF PLATE 26
Mesonacis vermontana (Hall) ((See*pl: 44). 2. ons ee ee
Fic. 1. An entire dorsal shield from the type Iccality (25) at Georgia,
Vermont, showing 14 thoracic segments of the Olenellus type,
the spine bearing segment, and ten segments of the Mesonacis
type. Natural size. U. S. National Museum, Catalogue No.
15399a.
2. Posterior portion of the specimen represented in fig. I.
The specimen represented by figs. 1 and 2 has been figured
by Walcott [1885, figs. 1 and 2, p. 329; 1886, pl. 24, figs. 1,
ta-b; and 18or1a, pl. 87, figs. 1, ta-b].
3. Pygidium, ten Mesonacis thoracic segments, the spine bearing,
and two Olenellus-like segments, of a broad form of Mesonacis
vermontana 6 cm. in length. 2. This is very much like the
posterior portion of fig. 1. Same locality (25) as fig. 1. U.S.
National Museum, Catalogue No. 15399b.
Mesonacis'? mickuiia (Schmidt) .2).... 05. o.2- 22s bee vi eee
Fic. 4. Portion of the thorax with seven segments in advance of the
spine bearing segment and five between the latter and the
pygidium.
This figure is a copy of the figure given by Schmidt, 1888,
pl. 1, fig. 1, with the exception that the cephalon is not at-
tached as it was theoretically placed there by Schmidt.
Mesonacis torelle -<(Moberg) = 05 secs os eie cigs as chs a eee eee
Fic. 5. Drawn from a plaster cast of the cephalon figured by Moberg
[1899, pl. 15, fig. 1a]. Natural size. The cast is in the U. S.
National Museum, Catalogue No. 24631a.
sa. Side view of the specimen represented by fig. 5, showing base
of cephalic spine.
Figure 5a is copied from Moberg, 1899, pl. 15, fig. 10.
6. Central portions of a cephalon. Natural size. U. S. National
Museum, Catalogue No. 56793a.
7. Genal angle and spine. X 1.5.
Figure 7 is copied from Moberg, 1899, pl. 15, fig. 4.
8. Drawn from a plaster cast of the pygidium figured by Moberg
[1899, pl. 15, fig. 14]. 2. Cast in U. S. National Museum,
Catalogue No. 24631b.
9. Hypostoma. X 1.5.
Figure 9 is copied from Moberg [1899, pl. 15, fig. 6]. The
specimen is redrawn in figs. 10 and toa of this plate.
10 and 10a. Top and side view of a plaster cast of the hypostoma
figured by Moberg and copied in fig. 9 of this plate. X 1.5.
Cast in U. S. National Museum, Catalogue No. 24631c.
1. Thoracic spine. 1.5. [After Moberg, 1899, pl. 15, fig. 15.]
Cast in U. S. National Museum, Catalogue No. 24631d.
—
53
262
264
VOL. 53, PL. 26
SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS
LOWER CAMBRIAN TRILOBITES
OLENELLUS AND OTHER GENERA OF MESONACIDA& 387
Mesonacis torelli (Moberg) (continued) :
12 and 12a. Thoracic spine, top and side view. X2. U. S. Na-
tional Museum, Catalogue No. 56793b.
13 and 13a. Fragment of the axial lobe of a thoracic segment with
a short, strong, median spine. 2. U.S. National Museum,
Catalogue No. 560793c.
14. Fragment of the axial lobe of a thoracic segment viewed in
the same position as that of fig. 13a. [After Moberg, 1899,
pl. 15, fig. 12.] Cast in U. S. National Museum, Catalogue
No. 24631e.
15. A long spine. 1.5. [After Moberg, 1899, pl. 15, fig. 16.]
Cast in U. S. National Museum, Catalogue No. 24631f.
16 and 17. Pleure from the anterior portion of the thorax. 1.5.
Figure 16 represents the under side partly concealed by the
matrix and fig. 17 the upper or outer side. [After Moberg,
1899, pl. 15, figs. 8 and 7, respectively. |
18. Fragment of a posterior thoracic segment. 1.5. [After Mo-
berg, 1809, pl. 15, fig. 10.]
All of the specimens represented by figs. 5-18 are from
locality (321v), near Bjorkelunda, Sweden.
The originals from which Moberg’s figures were drawn are
in the collections of the Geological Institution of the Uni-
versity of Lund, Sweden.
388
SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS VOL.
DESCRIPTION; OF (PLAT He27
Callavia broggert (Walcott) (See pl. 44).......4 si... 4.1 -u ene
reser
Zs
Al,
Restoration of the dorsal shield of this species, based on a
large number of partially preserved fragments in the limestone
and numerous nearly entire specimens compressed in the shale.
The specimens in the limestone show the convexity and those
in the shale the general proportion and number of segments.
Two-thirds natural size. Locality (41), Conception Bay, New-
foundland. U.S. National Museum, Catalogue No. 18331.
Hypostoma in shale attached to the doublure. Natural size.
Locality (41), Conception Bay, Newfoundland. U. S. National
Museum, Catalogue No. 1833!a.
Portion of a cheek in limestone with the genal and intergenal
spines. Natural size. Locality (42), Conception Bay, New-
foundland. U. S. National Museum, Catalogue No. 18331b.
A small, imperfectly preserved convex cephalon in shale.
Natural size. Same locality as fig. 2. U.S. National Museum,
Catalogue No. 1833ICc.
Fragments of the posterior four thoracic segments and py-
gidium compressed in the shale. Natural size. Same locality
as fig. 2. U.S. National Museum, Catalogue No. 18331d.
Falcate extension of the pleural lobe of a thoracic segment. 2.
Same locality as fig. 2. U. S. National Museum, Catalogue
No. 18331!e. 4
Figures 1 to 6 are reproduced from drawings illustrating
this species in the Tenth Ann. Report U. S. Geol. Survey.
[ Walcott, 1891] as follows: fig. 1 = pl. g1, fig. 1; fig. 2—=pl. 92,
fig. te; fig. 3=pl. o2, fig. th; fig..4 == pl.o2, figs 124s
ove, OZ, say, WEP sakes, (oj —— oll, Gy, ike ol,
Holmia kjerulfii (Linnarsson) (See pl. 44)... 2.0.0.0 .4-. see oe
Fic. 7. An entire adult dorsal shield with the glabella cut away so
as to show the outline of the hypostoma. 2.
Figure 7 is copied from Holm, 1887, pl. 14, fig. 2.
53
288
VOL. 53, PL. 27
SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS
W
13
LOWER CAMBRIAN TRILOBITES
390 SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS VOL.
DESCRIPTION OF PLATE 28
Callavia crosbyt, new SPeCieS. 2.2.5. fo 6608 een ope ae oe ec
Fic. 1. Portion of a large cephalon showing some of the characteristic
features of the species. Natural size. U. S. National
Museum, Catalogue No. 56708a.
2. Fragments of a cephalon showing an accidental contraction of
the posterior portion of the glabella. Natural size. U. S.
National Museum, Catalogue No. 56798D.
3. A cephalon preserving the convexity, entire eye lobes and gen-
eral characters more perfectly than usual, owing to the com-
pression in the matrix of nearly all other specimens. Natural
size. U.S. National Museum, Catalogue No. 56798c.
4. A specimen preserving the cephalon and a number of the tho-
racic segments. Natural size. U. S. National Museum, Cata-
logue No. 56708d.
5. Portion of a large thoracic segment. Natural size. U. S. Na-
tional Museum, Catalogue No. 56798e.
6. A partially restored hypostoma. Natural size. U.S. National
Museum, Catalogue No. 56708.
7. Enlargement of highly ornamented surface of the outer border
and portion of the side of the cephalon. Natural size. U. S.
National Museum, Catalogue No. 56708a.
8. A specimen preserving the cephalon, sixteen segments of the
thoracic axis, and a distorted pygidium. 2. The thoracic
axis and pygidium have been compressed from the sides and
thus narrowed nearly one-third. U.S. National Museum, Cata-
logue No. 56708g.
The specimens represented by figs. 1-8 are all from locality
(on), near North Weymouth, Massachusetts.
Callavias burt, Mew SPECIES: 6. ..5:. wie aye are eto feces ee Henge everett ee eee
Fic. 9. A very well preserved cephalon in the collection of the Museum
of Comparative Zoology, Cambridge, Massachusetts. Natural
size. Cast in U. S. National Museum, Catalogue No. 56795a.
10. A portion of a cephalon showing the palpebral lobe, tubercle be-
tween the palpebral lobe and glabella and the marginal rim.
Natural size. U. S. National Museum, Catalogue No. 56795).
The specimens represented by figs. 9-10 are from locality
(on), near North Weymouth, Massachusetts.
aa
280
VOL. 53, PL. 28
SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS
LOWER CAMBRIAN TRILOBITES
392 SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS VOL. 53
DESCRIPTION OF PLATE 29
Holmia vowet, Mew, SPeCCieSt saan. .css sn0e 2 ales ie ec Ree ieee ieee 292
Fics. 1 and 2. Two flattened specimens of the cephalon showing strong
marginal rim, genal spines, and occipital spine. Natural size.
U. S. National Museum, Catalogue Nos. 56801a and 568o01b,
respectively.
3. A nearly entire specimen of the dorsal shield with seventeen
thoracic segments, the cephalon, and a portion of the pygidium.
Natural size. U.S. Naticnal Museum, Catalogue No. 5680Ic.
4. A portion of the thorax preserving seventeen segments and
showing the form of the termination of the segments. 2.
U. S. National Museum, Catalogue No. 568ord.
5. A portion of the cephalon and thorax. Note the very long
genal spine. Natural size. U. S. National Museum, Cata-
logue No. 568oTe.
6. A nearly entire cephalon. 2. U.S. National Museum, Cata-
logue No. 568orf.
7. Enlargement of a portion of the outer surface of the cheek of
the cephalon showing scattered tubercles. 9g. U. S. Na-
tional Museum, Catalogue No. 568crg.
8. Enlargement of a portion of the surface of the cheek on which
the reticulated net work formed by narrow ridges is very
clearly shown. X12. U. S. National Museum, Catalogue
No. 5680rth.
9. Fragment of a minute cephalon showing a young stage of
growth. X12. Compare with young of Wanneria halli (pl. 31,
figs. 5 and 8), Elliptocephala asaphoides (pl. 25, figs. 9 and
10), and Pedeumias transitans (pl. 25, fig. 21). U. S. Na-
tional Museum, Catalogue No. 568011.
1o. A small specimen of the cephalon with a portion of the thorax.
Natural size. U. S. National Museum, Catalogue No. 56801).
11. The only entire pygidium found in the collection. x2. U.S.
National Museum, Catalogue No. 568ork.
All the specimens represented on this plate are from locality
(1f), 10 miles south of Silver Peak and three miles northeast
of Barrel Spring, Nevada.
VOL. 53, PL. 29
SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS
ae
i
4
Spiisil
\Ky yaer
LOWER CAMBRIAN TRILOBITES
watt
af ‘ Sh fe 4,
- -
7)
O74, SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS VOL. 53
DESCRIPTION OF PLATE 30
Wanneria walcottanus (Wanner) (See pls. 31 and 44)............cceees 302
Fic. 1. An entire adult specimen flattened in the shales and with the
test largely exfoliated. Natural size. U. S. National Museum,
Catalogue No. 56807a.
2. A well preserved flattened cephalon. Natural size. U. S. Na-
tional Museum, Catalogue No. 56807).
3 and 4. Small cephalons showing the increase in the size of the eye
in the younger stages of growth. Natural size. In Wanneria
halli (pl. 31) this feature of the cephalon is more fully illus-
trated. U. S. National Museum, Catalogue Nos. 56807¢c and
56807d, respectively.
5. Hypostoma crushed and displaced from its true position in rela-
tion to the doublure of the cephalon. Natural size. U. S.
National Museum, Catalogue No. 56807e.
6. Cast of the under side of the doublure of the cephalon, with
casts of the spines along its posterior margin. Natural size.
U. S. National Museum, Catalogue No. 56807/.
. An unusually well preserved hypostoma with six spines on each
postero-lateral margin. Natural size. U. S. National Museum,
Catalogue No. 56807¢. ,
The specimens represented by figs. 5, 6, and 7 were figured by
Wanner [1901, pl. 32, figs. 2, I, and 3, respectively].
NI
ie)
. Distorted pygidium of an adult individual from near York,
Pennsylvania. 3. U.S. Nationa! Museum, Catalogue No.
56807h.
9. Cast of the under side of the genal spine and the doublure.
2. Note the cast of the small spines on the margin of the
doublure. U.S. National Museum, Catalogue No. 568071.
10. Matrix of a pygidium and five posterior thoracic segments. X 2.
Note the cast of the median spine at the third segment from
the pygidium. U.S. National Museum, Catalogue No. 568077.
11. Posterior portion of a large individual preserving a strong spine
on the axial lobe of the third thoracic segment from the
pygidium, also, a small spine on the fourth segment. Natural
size. U. S. National Museum, Catalogue No. 56807k.
12. Pygidium and five posterior. thoracic segments with base of
strong spine on third segment and small spine on fourth seg-
ment from the pygidium. 2. U.S. National Museum, Cata-
logue No, 56807/.
The specimens represented by figs. 5-7, 9-12, were collected
by Prof. A. Wanner. The greatest addition to our informa-
tion of the species is furnished by figs. 11 and 12.
All of the specimens represented on this plate are from
locality (8q), 2 miles northwest of the city of York, Pennsyl-
vania.
SONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS VOL. 53, PL. 30
- ‘
oy ?
pas
aa
) ota
4 oo
tend
Cy men mony ty % ks
AS Safelige 5
a: SO
LOWER CAMBRIAN TRILOBITES
390 SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS VOL. 53
DESCRIPTION OF SPLALE -31
Wanneria hath, new Species: is Acc. ds iie oi ie es ween oo 301
Fics. 1, 2, and 3. Cephalons with genal angles and spines in advance of
the posterior margin of the head and with intergenal angles
almost right angles. No. 1, X 1.25; No. 2, X 3; No. 3, natural
size. U.S. National Museum, Catalogue Nos. 56806a, 56806b,
and 56806c, respectively.
4. A small cephalon with short, minute intergenal spine at the in-
tergenal angle. Glabella cylindrical, eye lobe large. 8. U.
S. National Museum, Catalogue No. 56806d.
5, 7, and 8. Minute cephalons showing rounded-in genal angles,
large eye lobes, and contraction of the glabella at the eye
lobes. No. 5, X 24; No. 6, X 6; No. 5, X 16. Compare with
the younger stages of growth of Elliptocephala asaphoides
(pl. 25) and Pedeumias transitans (pls. 25 and 32). U. S.
National Museum, Catalogue Nos. 56806e, 56806g, and 56806h,
respectively.
6. Fragment of a minute cephalon with strong eye lobe, minute
genal and intergenal spines. > 16. U.S. National Museum,
Catalogue No. 56806f.
9g. Hypostoma associated with this species in Alabama. X 12.
U. S. National Museum, Catalogue No. 568061.
10. Under side or doublure of the extension of the pleure beyond
the body line of a thoracic segment. 2. U. S. National
Museum, Catalogue No. 56806).
11. Upper side of the pleural lobe of a thoracic segment. X 3.
U. S. National Museum, Catalogue No. 56806k.
All the specimens represented by figs. 1-11 are from locality
(56c) north of Helena, Shelby County, Alabama.
Wanneria walcottanus (Wanner) (See pls. 30 and 44).................- 302
Fic.12. Enlargement of the pleural lobe of a thoracic segment. X 2.
This specimen was illustrated by Wanner [1901, pl. 31, fig. 2].
U. S. National Museum, Catalogue No. 56807m.
13. A portion of the postero-lateral part of an hypostoma (x 6),
showing ‘surface markings and five of the short obtuse mar-
ginal spines. U. S. National Museum, Catalogue No. 56807n.
The specimens represented by figs. 12 and 13 are from
locality (8q), 2 miles northwest of York, Pennsylvania.
MITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS VOL. 53, PL. 31
LOWER CAMBRIAN TRILOBITES
308 SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS VOL. 53
DESCRIPTION -OF. PLATE. 32
PAGE
Pedeumias transitans, new genus and new species (See pls. 24, 25, 33, 34,
AI} atid AA). 5 5 Soci cts esc Rie dy She renee elle RCT OT ee Ot 305,
Fic. 1. A cephalon 1 mm. in length, exclusive of the intergenal spines.
x 16. U. S. National Museum, Catalogue No. 56810a.
2. A dorsal shield with five thoracic segments and pygidium, 1.5
mm. in length, exclusive of the long intergenal spines. 12.
U. S. National Museum, Catalogue No. 56810).
3. A dorsal shield with seven or eight thoracic segments and
pygidium, 1.75 mm. in length, exclusive of the intergenal spines.
< 10. U.S. National Museum, Catalogue No. 568t0c.
4. A dorsal shield 3.5 mm. in length with ten segments, pygidium,
and large third thoracic segment. 6. U. S. National
Museum, Catalogue No. 56810d.
5. A dorsal shield of about the same size as that represented by
fig. 4, that has a very narrow thorax. <6. U.S. National
Museum, Catalogue No. 5681oe.
6. A dorsal shield 4.25 mm. in length, exclusive of spines, with 12
thoracic segments and large third segment with pleura very
much prolonged. Pygidium broken away. xX 4. U. S. Na-
tional Museum, Catalogue No. 568tof.
7. A dorsal shield 4.25 mm. in length, but shortened by compres-
sion, with 13 thoracic segments and a small pygidium. X 4.
U. S. National Museum, Catalogue No. 5681og.
8. Two small and very distinct cephalons. 4. U. S. National
Museum, Catalogue No. 56810/.
g. This figure is to illustrate the natural curvature of the spine on
the fifteenth thoracic segment. Natural size. U. S. National
Museum, Catalogue No. 568101.
10. An entire specimen of the dorsal shield from York, Pennsyl-
vania, showing four very narrow segments and a plate-like
pygidium beneath the large spine on the fifteenth segment.
Natural size. U. S. National Museum, Catalogue No. 56810).
11. Displaced pygidium and two posterior rudimentary segments of
a dorsal shield in which the spine bearing segment is broken
away. <3. U.S. National Museum, Catalogue No. 56810k.
12. A cephalon compressed laterally so as to crowd the oute~rim
in about the eyes and anterior portion of the glabella. Natural
size. U.S. National Museum, Catalogue No. 568rol.
13. A cephalon compressed longitudinally and broadened. Natural
size. U. S. National Museum, Catalogue No. 56810m.
All of the specimens represented on this plate are from
locality (8g), northwest of the City of York, Pennsylvania.
Most of them were collected by Prof. Atreus Wanner.
a
VOL. 53, PL. 32
MITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS
LOWER CAMBRIAN TRILOBITES
400 SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS VOL. 53
DESCRIPTION OF PEATE, 43
PAGE
Pedeumias transitans, new genus and new species (See pls. 24, 25, 32, 34,
AT; Bud AA) kegs eee aislei Geir tale v gle ele Be ane etetencte ie 305
Fic. 1. A large, broad specimen with three rudimentary thoracic seg-
ments posterior to the fifteenth spine bearing segment.
Natural size. The posterior three segments and pygidium
are illustrated on plate 24. From locality (25), Parkers
quarry, Georgia, Vermont. U. S. National Museum, Cata-
logue No. 56808a.
2. Posterior portion of a dorsal shield from which the upper por-
tion of the great spine of the fifteenth thoracic segment has
been removed. It shows the pygidium, four rudimentary seg-
ments, and the impression of the under side of the great spine.
fo}
a
ens a :
SR MATa nee —
SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS
402 SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS CCLLECTIONS VOL.
DESCRIPTION OF PLATE 34
Be
PAGE
Pedeumias transitans, new genus and #ew species (See pls. 24, 25, 32, 33,
AT; and Ad) :c aileqe oe ae eeheis winiere cece, NO ME alee eT eT ae
Fic. 1. Elongate form of dorsal shield from locality (25), at Parkers
quarry, Georgia, Vermont. x 2. U. S. National Museum,
Catalogue No. 56808).
2. Elongate form of dorsal shield from York. x2. U. S. Na-
tional Museum, Catalogue No. 56810g.
3. Broad form of dorsal shield from York. X1.5. U. S. Na-
tional Museum, Catalogue No. 5681o0r.
4. A dorsal shield 12 mm. in length with 13 thoracic segments
and long terminal telson from York. <3. U. S. National
Museum, Catalogue No. 56810s.
5. Hypostoma attached to doublure by a narrow median support.
From York. 2. U. S. National Museum, Catalogue No.
568r0t.
6. Cephalon with the doublure and hypostoma separated and turned
back on the line of the intergenal spines. From York. X 2.
U. S. National Museum, Catalogue No. 5681ow.
7. Hypostoma attached to doublure by a narrow median support.
From York. X3. U.S. National Museum, Catalogue No.
56810v.
The specimens represented by figs. 2-7 are from locality
(8q) 2 miles northwest of York, Pennsylvania.
8. Hypostoma from locality (17a) near Montevallo, Alabama,
showing perforated posterior margin. <3. U. S. National
Museum, Catalogue No. 56811a.
Olenellus thompsom (Hall) (See pls. 35 and.44)...............5 ssn
Fic. 9. A flattened dorsal shield from locality (25), Parkers quarry,
Georgia, Vermont. Natural size. U. S. National Museum,
Catalogue No. 15418a.
Figure 9 is redrawn from the specimen figured by Walcott,
1886, pl. 17, fig. 2.
336
VOL. 53, PL. 34
SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS
1
it
kt
LOWER CAMBRIAN TRILOBITES
404 SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS VOL.
DESCRIPTION OF PEATE. 35
Olenellus thompsoni (Hall) (See pls. 34 and 44)............-..cececeeee
Fic. 1. Dorsal shield from the type locality (25), at Parkers quarry.
Georgia, Vermont. Reduced to two-thirds of natural size.
This figure was published [Walcott, 1886, pl. 23, fig. 1] with
a space between the glabella and marginal border. The gla-
bella is crushed down even with the surface of the cheeks and
the draftsman left out the line indicating the margin of the
anterior glabella lobe. The same is true of fig. 1, pl. 22.
Figures 2 and 9, pl. 17, represented the correct position of the
glabella. U. S. National Museum, Catalogue No. 15418b.
2. A large crushed telson from locality (8q), 2 miles northwest
of the City of York, Pennsylvania. xX 1.5. U. S. National
Museum, Catalogue No. 56835a.
3. Hypostoma that occurs on the inside of a cephalon. Only the
base of some of the postero-marginal spines can be seen and
the median support, if ever present, is now broken off. Lo-
cality (25), Parkers quarry, Georgia, Vermont. 2. U. S.
National Museum, Catalogue No. 15418c.
4. Top view of a convex cephalon from the calcareous sandstone at
locality (25a), near Swanton. Vermont. A restoration based
on the specimen represented by this figure was given by Wal-
cott, 1886, pl. 17, fig. 9. Natural size. U.S. National Museum,
Catalogue No. 154100.
5 and 6. Two small cephalons from the Rome sandstone, locality
(46), west of Cleveland, Tennessee, in which the natural con-
vexity of the cephalon is preserved. This is outlined in 5a.
U. S. National Museum, Catalogue Nos. 26983a and 26983),
respectively.
7 and 7a. Top and side view (X 3) of a very convex hypostoma
from the same locality (46) as the specimens represented by
figs. 5 and 6. U.S. National Museum, Catalogue No. 26083c.
Olenellus thompsoni crassimarginatus, new variety.............0eeeeeeees
Fic. 8. A flattened cephalon formerly referred to Olenellus thompsoni
Hall. Natural size. From locality (25), Parkers quarry,
Georgia, Vermont. U. S. National Museum, Catalogue No.
56836a.
Figure 8 is copied from Walcott, 1886, pl. 17, fig. 1.
9 and to. Cephalons from locality (8q), 2 miles northwest of the
City of York, Pennsylvania. Natural size. U. S. National
Museum, Catalogue Nos. 56837a and 56837), respectively.
53
340
SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS VOL. 53, PL. 35
LOWER CAMBRIAN TRILOBITES
406 SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS VOL. 53
DESCRIPTION OF PEATE =36
Olenellus ‘gilberit, Meek ((See pl. 43)... eee at. soee en 324
Fics. 1, 2; and 3. Cephalons crushed and flattened in a dark argillaceous
shale from locality (31a), near Pioche, Lincoln County,
Nevada. U. S. National Museum, Catalogue Nos. 15411a,
15411), and 1541Ic, respectively.
These are the specimens to which Meek assigned the name
Olenellus gilberti. They were figured by White, 1877, pl. 2,
figs. 3b, 3c, and 3a, respectively.
4 and 4a. Top and side views of a cephalon preserving its con-
vexity in a granular limestone from the same locality as that
given for figs. 1-3. Natural size. U. S. National Museum,
Catalogue No. 15411d.
This is the specimen upon which Meek based the species 7
Olenellus howell. It was figured by White, 1877, pl. 2, |
figs. 4a-b.
Small hypostoma XX 3, associated with specimens of the cephalon
of this species at locality (1P), south of Silver Peak, Esmeralda
County, Nevada. U. S. National Museum, Catalogue No.
568254.
OL
On
and 7. Cephalons compressed and distorted in fine arenaceous
shale. % 2. Drawn from specimens found in locality (14),
Clayton Valley’ Esmeralda County, Nevada. U. S. National
Museum, Catalogue Nos. 56826a and 56826), respectively.
8. Cast of the inside of the cheek and genal spine and a small
intergenal spine. Natural size. Locality (1p), south of Silver
Peak, Esmeralda County, Nevada. U. S. National Museum,
Catalogue No. 56825b.
9. A compressed and slightly distorted dorsal shield. Natural
size. Locality (30), 8 miles west of Pioche, Nevada. U. S.
National Museum, Catalogue No. 15416a.
This figure was published by Walcott, 1886, pl. 21, figs. 1,
Ia; and 1891, pl. 94, figs. I, ta. In these publications the
anterior lobe of the glabella was extended to the front border
by error of the draftsman.
|
o. A small cephalon 2 mm. in length. X 6. Locality (1m), south
of Silver Peak, Esmeralda County, Nevada. U. S. National
Museum, Catalogue No. 56827a.
11. A cephalon in which the antero-lateral angles are developed.
x 10. U.S. National Museum, Catalogue No. 56828a.
12. A slightly larger cephalon than that represented by fig. 1, with
large iftergenal spines, slightly developed genal angles, and
antero-lateral angles and spines. X10. U. S. National
Museum, Catalogue No. 56828b.
13. Fragment of a small cephalon X 4, showing intergenal ridge
crossing the posterior margin. U. S. National Museum, Cata-
logue No. 56828c.
VOL. 53, PL. 36
SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS
Ne
—
SS
: \\
\
\\
LOWER CAMBRIAN TRILOBITES
vv
OLENELLUS AND OTHER GENERA OF MESONACIDE 407
Olenellus gilberti Meek (continued) :
14 and 14a. Top and side view of a small cephalon with fine antero-
lateral and intergenal spines. <8. U. S. National Museum,
Catalogue No. 56828d.
15. Small cephalon X 4, in which the antero-lateral angles have dis-
appeared and the palpebral lobes become relatively shorter.
U. S. National Museum, Catalogue No. 56828e.
16. A large cephalon doubtfully referred to this species. Natural
size. U.S. National Museum, Catalogue No. 56820a.
17. Fragment of a cephalon that appears to belong to this species.
Natural size. U. S. National Museum, Catalogue No. 56829).
The specimens represented by figs. 11-15 are from locality
(351), Ptarmigan Pass, Alberta; those by figs. 15-17 from
locality (35f), above railway tunnel, Mt. Stephen, British Co-
lumbia, on the main line of the Canadian Pacific Railway.
408 SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS VOL. 53
DESCRIPTION OF PLATE, 37
Olenellus. jremonti, new species (See pl: Al) anc. 1256 - eee eee
Fics. 1 and ta. Top view and side outline of a fragmentary cephalon.
Natural size. Locality (14/1), 15 miles east of Resting Springs,
California. U. S. National Museum, Catalogue No. 56818a.
2. Cephalon from locality (52), Prospect Mountain, Eureka District,
Nevada. Natural size. U.S. National Museum, Catalogue No.
568104.
3 and 3a. Top view and side outline of a strongly convex cephalon.
Natural size. Locality (176), Deep Spring Valley, Nevada. U.
S. National Museum, Catalogue No. 56820a.
4. Cast of interior surface of the test of a broad cheek showing
the strongly reticulated surface. 2. Locality (14p), west
of Resting Springs, California. U.S. National Museum, Cata-
logue No. 56821a.
5. Enlargement of the outer surface of the broad cheek, the
border, and genal spine. x 2. Same locality as fig. 4. U. S.
National Museum, Catalogue No. 56821b.
6 and 6a. Examples of the enlarged pleure of the third thoracic
segment. Natural size. From locality (52), the Eureka Dis-
trict, Nevada. U.S. National Museum, Catalogue Nos. 56819b
and 56810c¢, respectively.
Figure 6 is copied from Walcott, 1886, pl. 19, fig. 27; where
it was labeled Olenellus howelli; and fig. 6a is copied from
Walcott, 1884, pl. 9, fig. 15c, where the specimen is labeled
Olenellus gilberti.
7. Longitudinally compressed form of a nearly entire specimen of
the dorsal shield from locality (30), western side of the High-
land Range, Lincoln County, Nevada. Natural size. U. S.
National Museum, Catalogue No. 56822a.
Figure 7 is copied from Walcott, 1886, pl. 21, figs. 2 and 2a, a
slight change being made in the cephalon, the eyes being much
too long in the original figure. The form was assigned [1886
and 1891a] to Olenellus gilberti.
8. A small cephalon with short eyes and an ocular ridge. Genal
angles advanced about one-half the length of the cephalon.
x 6. Locality (52), Prospect Peak, Eureka District, Nevada.
U. S. National Museum, Catalogue No. 56810d.
Figure 8 is copied from Walcott, 1884, pl. 9, fig. 15b, where
it is labeled Olenellus howelli.
9. Cephalon with the genal spines on a line with the anterior
margin and with the intergenal angles. Eyes short and con-
nected with anterior lobe of the glabella by occular ridges.
Natural size. The specimen represented is from a limestone
at the south end of the Timpahute Range, Nevada (locality
—— ee
SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS VOL. 53, PL. 37
LOWER CAMBRIAN TRILOBITES
OLENELLUS AND OTHER GENERA OF MESONACIDAz 409
Olenellus fremonti, new species (continued) :
313g). Associated fragments of other cephalons show the
genal spines located in the same relative positions as those
shown by figs. 10 to 13 from locality (51), Prospect Peak,
Nevada. U.S. National Museum, Catalogue No. 56819¢.
Figure 9 is copied from Walcott, 1886, pl. 20, fig. rf, where
it is labeled Olenellus gilbert.
This specimen is redrawn (X 6) on pl. 41, fig. 8.
10. Cephalon from locality (52) in the Eureka District, Nevada,
that is very much like fig. 9. Natural size. U. S. National
Museum, Catalogue No. 568rof.
II, 12, and 13. Outlines of specimens of the cephalon with the genal
spines and intergenal angles more and more like the normal
type of cephalon as shown by figs. 7 and 14. The eyes are
short and connected with the glabella by an occular ridge.
Natural size. Locality (52), Prospect Mountain, Eureka Dis-
trict, Nevada. U. S. National Museum, Catalogue Nos.
56810g, 568i10h, and 5681901, respectively.
Figures 10, II, 12, and 13 are copied from Walcott, 1884, pl.
21, figs. 2, 4, 3, and 6, respectively, where the forms are labeled
Olenellus howelli.
14. A cephalon with short eye lobes, occular ridges, and normal
genal angles. Natural size. Locality (52), Prospect Mount-
ain, Eureka District, Nevada. U.S. National Museum, Cata-
logue No. 56819).
Figure 14 is copied from Walcott, 1884, pl. 9, fig. 15, where
it is labeled Olenellus howelli.
15. A cephalon without distinct occular ridge connecting the glabella
and eye lobes. Natural size. Locality (52), Prospect Mount-
ain, Eureka District, Nevada. U.S. National Museum, Cata-
logue No. 56810k.
Figure 15 is copied from Walcott, 1884, pl. 21, fig. 5, where
it is labeled Olenellus howelli.
16. A cephalon 9 mm. in length that has the outline shown by fg.
12 but with the eyes close to the glabella. Natural size.
Locality (52), Prospect Mountain, Eureka District, Nevada.
U. S. National Museum, Catalogue No. 568ro/.
Figure 16 is copied from Walcott, 1884, pl. 9, fig. 15a, where
it is labeled Olenellus howelli.
17. A narrow, convex, cephalon with elongate eye lobes of the
adult type and with genal angles advanced as in small
cephalons shown by figs. 11 and 12. Natural size. Locality
(51), Prospect Mountain, Eureka District, Nevada. U.S. Na-
tional Museum, Catalogue No. 56819m.
18. Cephalon with the genal spine on the left side in advance of
that on the right side. Natural size. Locality (52), Eureka
District, Nevada. U. S. National Museum, Catalogue No.
56810n.
410 SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS VOL.
og
Olenellus fremonti, new species (continued) : PAGE
19. Broad form of cephalon with the same characters as that shown
by fig. 17. Natural size. Locality (52), Eureka District,
Nevada. U.S. National Museum, Catalogue No. 568190.
Figures 17, 18, and 19 are copied from Walcott, 1884, pl. 21,
figs. 7, 9, and 8, respectively, where the forms are labeled
Olenellus howell.
20. Outline of a small weathered specimen of a minute cephalon
that is doubtfully referred to this species from locality (313g),
Groom District, south end of Timpahute Range, between Nye
and Lincoln Counties, Nevada. U. S. National Museum,
Catalogue No. 56823a.
Figure 20 is copied from Walcott, 1886, pl. 10, fig. 2e, where
it is labeled Olenellus gilberti.
21. Hypostoma (X 3) associated with the cephalons represented by
figs. 10-19 at locality (52), Eureka District, Nevada. U. S.
National Museum, Catalogue No. 56819p.
22. Hypostoma associated with specimens of the cephalon of this
species at locality (176), Deep Spring Valley, California.
Natural size. U. S. National Museum, Catalogue No. 56820b.
'
DESCRIPTION OF PLATE 38
Olenellus canadensis. new SpeCleSn +5 s a4a.c - coe haces ee ee oe ee
Fic. 1. A large cephalon, partially restored in outline. The intergenal
angle is not usually present in this species. Natural size.
Locality (35), Mt. Bosworth, British Columbia. U. S. Na-
tional Museum, Catalogue No. 568r4a.
2 and 3. Illustrations of the hypostoma found associated with the
cephalon. Natural size. 2 = locality (35h), Mt. Bosworth;
3 — locality (35f), Mt. Stephen; both in British Columbia. 2a
shows the convexity of the hypostoma. U.S. National Museum,
Catalogue Nos. 56815a and 56814b, respectively.
4. Fragment of a cephalon, showing the genal angle extending
into a spine. Natural size. Locality (35h), Mt. Bosworth,
British Columbia. U. S. National Museum, Catalogue No.
56814c.
5. Fragment of a cephalon, showing the eye lobe and tubercle
back of it. Natural size. Locality (354), Mt. Bosworth,
British Columbia. U. S. National Museum, Catalogue No.
560814d.
6 and 6a. A small cephalon in which the marginal border is nar-
row. X 3. Locality (35/7), Mt. Bosworth, British Columbia.
U. S. National Museum, Catalogue No. 568r14e.
7. Fragments of a side of a cephalon with genal spine preserved.
Natural size. Locality (35f), Mt. Stephen, British Columbia.
U. S. National Museum, Catalogue No. 56815).
316
:
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:
SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS VOL. 53, PL. 38
LOWER CAMBRIAN TRILOBITES
OLENELLUS AND OTHER GENERA OF MESONACIDE
411
Olenellus canadensis, new species (continued) : PAGE
8. Fragment of the telson. Natural size. Locality (35h), Mt. Bos-
worth. British Columbia. U. S. National Museum, Catalogue
No. 56814f.
g and to. Fragments of the pleural lobe of thoracic segments.
Natural size. g=locality 58y; 10—locality 354; both on
Mt. Bosworth, British Columbia. U. S. National Museum,
Catalogue Nos. 56816a and 56814g, respectively.
11. A minute cephalon associated with this species and referred to
io << e.., Locality .(35/),. Ptarmigan. Pass, Alberta. U. S.
National Museum, Catalogue No. 56817a.
eo eene MECRUERSIS. NEW: SPECIES... ens k nc bacco ont tice es ve illnee veneers
Fic.12. Portion of a cephalon showing the broad frontal limb, narrow
glabella, and relatively short eye lobe as compared with Olenel-
lus gilberti. Natural size. Locality (52), Prospect Mountain,
Eureka District, Nevada. U. S. National Museum, Catalogue
No. 56799a.
Figure 12 is copied from Walcott, 1884, pl. 9, fig. 16, where
this specimen is referred to Olenellus gilbertt.
13. Fragments of the under side of a cephalon in which the genal
angles are carried far forward as in O. jremonti (pl. 37, figs.
8-12). Natural size. Locality (313g), south end of Timpa-
hute Range, Nevada. U.S. National Museum, Catalogue No.
56800a.
Figure 13 is copied from Walcott, 1886, pl. 19, fig. 2d, where
the specimen is referred to Olenellus gilberti.
14. Outline of a small cephalon showing broad frontal limb and
normal type of genal angles. Natural size. Locality (51),
summit of Prospect Mountain, Eureka District, Nevada. U.
S. National Museum, Catalogue No. 56799b.
Figure 14 copied from Walcott, 1884, pl. 21, fig. 13, where
the specimen is referred to Olenellus gilberti.
Wanneria ? gracile, new genus and new SpecieS.............0.eceereeces
Fic.15. An hypostoma associated with specimens of the cephalon of
this species. >< 2. Locality (177), west of Deep Spring
Valley, Inyo County, California. U. S. National Museum,
Catalogue No. 56802a.
16. A thoracic segment associated with the hypostoma illustrated
by fig. 15. This has the pleural furrow of Vanneria but the
spinous termination is more like that of Helmia. Same locality
as fig. 15. U.S. National Museum, Catalogue No. 56802).
17. Left side of cephalon showing strong border, and slender genal
spine. 1.5. U.S. National Museum, Catalogue No. 56803a.
18. Fragment of the front part of the cephalon. 1.5. U.S. Na-
tional Museum, Catalogue No. 56803b.
16—w
285
208
412 SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS VOL. 53
Wanneria ? gracile, new genus and new species (continued) : PAGE
19. Central part of the cephalon illustrating the glabella and
palpebral lobes. Natural size. U.S. National Museum, Cata-
logue No. 56803c.
20. A cephalon slightly distorted by lateral compression. > 1.5.
U. S. National Museum, Catalogue No. 56803d.
The specimens illustrated by figs. 17-20 are from locality
(60b), the sandstones at Vermilion Pass, Alberta.
21. A cast in a fine quartzitic sandstone from California of a very
perfect cephalon showing the heavy marginal border and the
slender glabella. Natural size. Locality (14p), near Resting
Springs, Inyo County, California. U. S. National Museum,
Catalogue No. 56804a.
22. A cephalon that appears to have the aduit characters of the
species. 1.5. U. S. National Museum, Catalogue No.
56805a.
23. Central portion of the cephalon of a small specimen in which
the genal angles are rounded inward. 2. U. S. National
Museum, Catalogue No. 568050.
24. A minute cephalon exclusive of spines. X10. U.S. National
Museum, Catalogue No. 56804b.
Figures 22-24 represent specimens from locality (1v), a fine
arenaceous shale at Barrel Spring, Silver Peak Quadrangle,
Esmeralda County, Nevada.
DESCRIPTION OF PLATE 39
Olenelluslapwortha Peach 5 ye a oe ica ce yor eke ceeds ee
Fic. 1. Dorsal shield. > 2. Specimen in Royal Scottish Museum, Edin-
burgh, Scotland, Catalogue No. M4o8od. Cast in U. S. Na-
tional Museum, Catalogue No. 56830a.
Figure rt is redrawn from the specimen figured by Peach,
1894, pl. 29, fig. 3.
. Cephalon. 1.5. Specimen in Royal Scottish Museum, Edin-
burgh, Scotland, Catalogue No. M4gs5f. Cast in U. S. Na-
tional Museum, Catalogue No. 5683o0b.
is)
3. Cephalon. <2. U.S. National Museum, Catalogue No. 568314.
4. A small cephalon. Specimen in Royal Scottish Museum, Edin-
burgh, Scotland, Catalogue No. M261te. Cast in U. S. Na-
tional Museum, Catalogue No. 56830c. ‘
5. Imperfect dorsal shield, 6.25 mm. in length. XX 3. Specimen in
Royal Scottish Museum, Edinburgh, Scotland, Catalogue No.
Maro8d. Cast in U. S. National Museum, Catalogue No.
56830d.
331
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VOL. 53, PL. 39
SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS
LOWER CAMBRIAN TRILOBITES
Olenellus lapworthi Peach (continued) :
OLENELLUS AND OTHER GENERA OF MESONACID/®
6. Cephalon 1.2 mm. in length. 15. Specimen in Royal Scot-
tish Museum, Edinburgh, Scotland, Catalogue No. Msr15f.
Cast in U. S. National Museum, Catalogue No. 56830e.
7. Hypostoma associated with this species. > 3. Specimen in
Royal Scottish Museum, Edinburgh, Scotland, Catalogue No.
Ma4o4f. Cast in U. S. National Museum, Catalogue No. 5683of.
The specimens represented by figures 1-7 are all from shales
on the northern slope of Meal a’ Ghubhais, 1,200 to 1,300 feet
_ above Loch Maree, Ross-shire, Scotland.
QUICHE LEMME TIGULOIIS ME CACIA a NAc erican cece dott ctaeicn ney Enaiwntaeg aki de
Fic. 8. Small, broken cephalon. 8. Specimen in Royal Scottish
Museum, Edinburgh, Scotland, Catalogue No. Msiof. Cast
in U. S. National Museum, Catalogue No. 56834a.
9g. Portion of cephalon. Natural size. Specimen in Royal Scot-
13
tish Museum, Edinburgh, Scotland, Catalogue No. M4076d.
Cast in U. S. National Museum, Catalogue No. 56834).
Figure @ is redrawn from the specimen illustrated by Peach,
1894, pl. 30, fig. 1.
. Photographic enlargement (X 1.5) of a portion of the cephalon
figured by Peach, 1894, pl. 30, fig. 2. Specimen in Royal Scot-
tish Museum, Edinburgh, Scotland, Catalogue No. M4togd.
Cast in U. S. National Museum, Catalogue No. 56834c.
The specimen is compressed laterally so as to force the eye
lobes in toward the glabella.
. Portion of the surface of the specimen represented in fig. Io.
X 3.
. Cephalon with short palpebral lobe and strong outer border.
<2. Specimen in Royal Scottish Museum, Edinburgh, Scot-
land, Catalogue No. Ma4r4id. Cast in U. S. National Museum,
Catalogue No. 56834d.
. Portions of cephalon and thorax. 2. Specimen in Royal
Scottish Museum, Edinburgh, Scotland. Cast in U. S. Na-
tional Museum, Catalogue No. 56834e.
The specimens represented by figures 8-13 are all from shales
on the northern slope of Meal a’ Ghubhais, 1,200 to 1,300 feet
above Loch Maree, Ross-shire, Scotland.
ERI STV RR TARA F< teeters ete Ae ac me are ensues esti ero Wi whee wo dy9) ken
Fic.14. A minute cephalen from the same locality as that given for
yi g
Olenellus lapworthi and O. reticulatus. X10. Specimen in
Royal Scottish Museum, Edinburgh, Scotland, Catalogue No.
Mars7d. Cast in U. S. National Museum, Catalogue No.
56838a.
413
PAGE
342
414 SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS VOL.
DESCRIPTION OF PLATE 40
Olenellus stgas Peach os cnc 2303 sind ol 1s ve en ees ee ne oe
Fic. 1. The type specimen. Natural size. From the northern slope of
Meal a’ Ghubhais, above Loch Maree, Ross-shire, Scotland.
Specimen in Royal Scottish Museum, Edinburgh, Scotland.
Cast in U. S. National Museum, Catalogue No. 56824a.
Figure 1 is drawn from the specimen represented by Peach,
1894, p. 667, fig. I.
Olenelloides armatus Peach... oos.. o. 52.06 Se eee
Fic. 2. Cephalon 2.5 mm. in length (6) from the same locality as
Olenellus gigas. xx —=Jintergenal spines. aa=— genal spines.
Specimen in the Royal Scottish Museum, Edinburgh, Scotland,
Catalogue Ne. M2636e. Cast in U. S. National Museum, Cata-
logue No. 56839a.
3. Natural matrix of an entire specimen 5 mm. in length (X 5)
from the same locality as Olenellus gigas. Specimen in the
Royal Scottish Museum, Edinburgh, Scotland, Catalogue No.
M4z2ord. Cast in U. S. National Museum, Catalogue No.
56830).
A matrix of a small dorsal shield of Olenellus lapwortht
occurs on the same piece of shale and is shown on the left
side.
Holmia lundgrent Mobete. .eirn. sac site'.0s' wade o> in ele ibe ee
Fics. 4 and 4a. Drawn from a plaster cast of the cephalon represented by
Moberg, 1899, pl. 14, figs. 2a-b. Natural size. Original in the
collection of the Geologic Institution of the University of
Lund, Sweden. Cast in the U. S. National Museum, Cata-
logue No. 24630a.
5. Central portions of a cephalon showing glabella very distinctly.
Natural size. U. S. National Museum, Catalogue No. 24630b.
6. An hypostoma illustrated from a cast taken in a natural
mould. Natural size. U. S. National Museum, Catalogue No.
24630c.
7. Pygidium. 3. The test is exfoliated. U. S. National
Museum, Catalogue No. 24630d.
The specimens represented by figs. 4 to 7 are from locality
(390v), near Tunbyholm, Sweden.
Olenelius gilberit War... ses. oan cs BR coe so Oe
Fic. 8. Fragment of a cephalon (X 4) associated with Olenellus cana-
denis and O. gilberti. Locality (35/), Ptarmigan Pass, Alberta.
U. S. National Museum, Catalogue No. 56830a.
Sa
347
290
SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS VOL. 53, PL. 40
LOWER CAMBRIAN TRILOBITES
OLENELLUS AND OTHER GENERA OF MESONACID.® 415
Rremeliacen: GIIAROMN AMEWASDECIES. cic. Cb ons oa vicki g wena oud cd saceck avd eae 319
Fic. 9. An hypostoma associated with this species. The back margin
appears to be denticulated. 4. Locality (1k). U. S. Na-
tional Museum, Catalogue No. 56813a.
10. A cephalon flattened by compression in arenaceous shale. 2.
Locality (17). U.S. National Museum, Catalogue No. 56813).
11. A cephalon slightly distorted by lateral compression. X 2.
Locality (17). U.S. National Museum, Catalogue No. 56813c.
The specimens represented by figs. 9 to 11 are from locali-
ties (17 and 1k), both near Barrel Spring, Silver Peak Quad-
rangle, Nevada.
PUP Re MeUR SERIES, DEW SPCCIESY gam cy oud isa cas 8G sie ones ds ve tiwed sath e 314
Fic.12. Under side of genal spine showing rounded doublure. Natural
size. U.S. National Museum, Catalogue No. 56812a.
13. Dorsal view of a genal spine and portions of the marginal
borders and broad cheek. Natural size. U. S. National
Museum, Catalogue No. 56812).
14. A small head with the genal angle on a line with the front of
the glabella) x2. U. S. National Museum, Catalogue No.
50812c.
e
5 and 15a. Top view and side outline of a cephalon, showing the
heavy marginal rim and large spherical anterior lobe of the
glabella. « 2. U.S. National Museum, Catalogue No. 56812d.
16. Enlargement of the surface. <6. U. S. National Museum,
Catalogue No. 56812e.
The specimens represented by figs. 12 to 17 are from locality
(tv), 3 miles north of Valcalda Spring, Esmeralda County,
Nevada.
CAG LORI GanaSVa NVA GOLD) hyn tanta ntsieeotls ctr cnc.c «ooo elaklehb seine ee 343
Fic. 17. Illustration of the type specimen of the species. “2. U.S.
National Museum, Catalogue No. 15407a.
This specimen was first figured by Walcott, 1884, pl. 9, fig.
12. In both instances the broken portions have been restored
from other specimens.
18. Under side of a genal spine and connected parts of the cheek.
Natural size. U. S. National Museum, Catalogue No. 15407).
19. A small cephalon, & 2, with a more slender spine than that
of the larger cephalon represented by fig. 17. U.S. National
Museum, Catalogue No. 15407c.
The specimens represented by figs. 17-19 are from locality
(52), Prospect Peak, Eureka District, Nevada.
416 SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS VOL.
DESCRIPTION OF PLATE ar
53
PAGE
Olenellus cf. gilbertt (See pl. 36).7
Fic. 1. A large cephalon showing the cast of the inner surface of the
cheek and with the left side restored beyond the broken line.
Natural size. Compare with figs. 3 and 16, pl. 36; also with
fig. 2, pl. 39. Cast in U. S. National Museum, Catalogue No.
56833a.
2. A small cephalon. 2. Cast in U. S. National Museum, Cata-
logue No. 568330.
3. A broken cephalon preserving the left palpebral lobe. Natural
size. Cast in U. S. National Museum, Catalogue No. 56833c.
4. A telson referred to this species. 3. Cast in U. S. National
Museum, Catalogue No. 56833d.
The four specimens represented by figs. I-4 are from the
conglomerate limestone at Bic, and are now in the Museum of
the Geological Survey of Canada.
Olenellus logant; mew"Species =... .~ .:...n. ae ce gasses nie ee
Fics. 5, 5a, and 5b. Top, side, and front views of a small and very per-
fect cephalon. Top view xX 6, other views X 2.5. Cast in U.
S. National Museum, Catalogue No. 56832a.
6. A cephalon X 2, with right side restored in outline. Cast in
U. S. National Museum, Catalogue No. 56832).
(See note under fig. 7.)
Pedcumias transitans, new genus and new species (See pls. 24, 25, 32, 33,
2Avan Vad) s Ve uwer occa wise estes aie broke Oke ROR ee EEE
Fic. 7. Top and side views of a large cephalon. Natural size. Cast in
U. S. National Museum, Catalogue No. 56842a.
The specimens represented by figs. 5, 6, and 7 are from
l’Anse au Loup, Labrador, and are now in the Museum of the
Geological Survey of Canada (5—catalogue No. 414d; 6=
414e; and 7= 416).
Olenellus fremontt, new Species (See pl, 37)’. «i... ..danne en eee
Fic. 8. Enlargement of the specimen represented by fig. 9, pl. 37, to
show surface, glabellar lobes, and union of palpebral ridges
with glabella. x6. U. S. National Museum, Catalogue No.
56810e.
Callavia bicensts, Hew SPECIES. 6 ii. act ce sick eehne Yencke ie
Fics. 9 and ga. Top and side views ( 1.5) of a cephalon and 5 thoracic
segments from locality (2r), 2 miles west of Bic, Quebec,
Canada. U. S. National Museum, Catalogue No. 567944.
Callavia, ‘sp. undt. 0s to OE Pe ee ae
Fics. 10 and 10a. Ends of pleure (2) associated with the specimen
represented by figs. 9 and 9a. U.S. National Museum, Cata-
logue Nos. 56843a and 56843b. respectively.
* No reference to this form occurs in the text.
333
305
320
277
279
SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS VOL. 53, PL. 41
LOWER CAMBRIAN TRILOBITES
418 SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS VOL. 53
DESCRIPTION OF PEATE
Callavia callavet Lapworth... 3..: 2. 021 oe: oes ee 282
Fic. 1. The right hand side of this figure is a photograph of a speci-
men natural size. The left side is a photograph of the same
specimen reversed and joined to the other with great care
from measurements of the glabelia. The central part of the
cheek was broken out and has been recemented, as also the
posterior of the two cracks across the margin. The cheek is
slightly bent downwards along a line running about midway
between the glabella and lateral margin; when this is allowed
for, the head is 3 to 4 mm. wider. The very oblique lighting
gives a false impression of strength to the 3d and 4th glabellar
furrows.
Original in the collection of the University Museum, Birm-
ingham, England. Cast in the U. S. National Museum, Cata-
logue No. 56796a, to which it was presented by Mr. Frank
Raw.
This specimen was collected in Comley quarry, on Little
Caradoc, near Church Stretton, Central Shropshire, England.
2. Side view of cephalon represented in fig. 1 showing the con-
vexitv, form of the glabella, cheek, border, and intergenal
spine. Natural size.
Callawia cartlands (Raw iGMS) exe oo. eon.s 2 nes een ne ee 282
Fig. 3. The type specimen
4. Side view of the specimen represented by fig. 3. Natural size.
The specimen represented by figs. 3 and 4 was collected at
the same locality as the specimen of Callavia caliavei repre-
sented in figs. I and 2. Original in the collection of the Uni-
versity Museum, Birmingham, England. Cast in the U. S.
National Museum, Catalogue No. 56797a, to which it was pre-
sented by Mr. Frank Raw.
SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS VOL. 53, PL. 42
LOWER CAMBRIAN TRILOBITES
Mins
eh
Clr
hae
A20 SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS VOL.
DESCRIPTION ‘OF PEATEs
Laniulus poly Perms with na acroecteroeeie thee dost heoa coisas, oles Cero ke ee ene
Fic. 1. Inner surface of the test of the eye of adult Limulus showing
cones with a minute opening at the apex. 6. The sharp
apex of the cones is shown near the edges where they are seen
more in profile.
2. Exterior of the same eye of which the interior is shown by
fig. 1. The pits and ridges of the test between them is finely
Showaleee7e
3. A portion of the outer surface of the eye represented by fig. 2
enlarged to 25 diameters.
4. Enlargement of the outer surface of the eye on a cephalon
7 mm. in length. X25. This represents the eye in a younger
stage of growth than that represented by figs. 2 and 3 where
the pits have ridges between them that are flatter and broader
and more like those of Olenellus gilberti as shown by fig. 5.
Olenellus gilberit Meck (See. ply 36): =. a. 2 bec ae eet siete ae
Fic. 5. Enlargement of the visual surface, palpebral lobe, and portion
of the glabella, X 75, of the cephalon represented by fig. 6.
There are 42 openings on the portion of the visual surface
exposed. These openings and the ridges separating them are
similar in appearance to those of the eye of young speci-
mens of Limulus polyphemus as shown by fig. 4.
6. A small cephalon. 50. The right eye of this is shown in
fig. 5.
The specimen represented by figs. 5 and 6 is from the lime-
stone at (35/), Ptarmigan Pass, Alberta (see pl. 36, figs. 11-
16). U.S. National Museum? Catalogue No. 56828f.
sf
239
SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS VOL. 53, PL. 43
LOWER CAMBRIAN TRILOBITES
422
FIG.
Om BW DN
CoO NI
Q.
SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS VOL. 53
DESCRIPTION OF PLATE 44
PAGE
. Nevadia weeksi Walcott (pl. 23): 22... . .. «2 oe s+ «n/a
, Mesonacis vermontana (Hall) (pli 26)... 35-22 - eee 264
. Elliptocephala asaphoides Emmons (pl. 24). «..-.....-...%.-.0 269
. Callavia broggery (Walcott): (pli 27)... 25.6225 4 ee eee 279
. Hola kjerulh (Winnarsson)) ¢(pl. 27) 02. 2) see ee 288
. Wanneria walcottanus (Wanner) (pl. 30)...........:....--+ 302
. Pedeumias transitans Waleott (pl. 33)... <. . 2.5 scene 305
. Pedeumias transitans-Wealeott (pl. 33)... 6-4) eee 305
Enlargement of the posterior portion of fig. 7 showing the
rudimentary segments and pygidium beneath the telson-like
segment.
Olenellus thompsont’ Hall (pl) 35)... 3... 22st 336
The above series of figures is reproduced in order to illustrate the variation
in the principal genera of the Mesonacide, also in order that the student may
at a glance note the changes from the most primitive form Nevadia (fig. 1)
through one line of descent, as represented by figs. 2, 3, and 7, to Olenellus
(fig. 9).
On another line of descent the figures serve to illustrate through figs. 1, 3,
4, 5, and 6 the probable line of descent from Nevadia (fig. 1) to Holmia (fig.
5) and on to Paradoxides.
MITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS VOL. 53, PL. 44
a
-
ra
DPN
LOWER CAMBRIAN TRILOBITES
LF
7
oe
OLENELLUS AND OTHER GENERA OF MESONACIDZ&
INDEX
Note.—The first reference to each of the species described in this paper gives
the page upon which the description begins and the figure references. Refer-
ences to the description of certain parts or features of a species are only given
in the index if the description occurs outside of the detailed description of the
species. For instance: the description of the pygidium of a certain species will
be found in the description of that species and there will be no specific reference
in the index to the pygidium unless it is described or discussed at some other
point in the paper.
The list on pages 351-371 may be regarded as a completely cross-referenced
index to the synonymy in this paper, and only the actual references as they
occur in the synonymy will be found in this index.
PAGE
Ne sanonny (era lenmaterins! = 2 Merah cu ae Oke ilo EArt es ONG NE er ere ek ee 234
Fampotrerd, saritials tacowmed, mentioned . 4 6% ifs eae oecic dew eledee ee ene owe 318
adamsi, see Orthotheca.
AGASSiza Alexander Dibliggnaphic TETereNnCe, cs. 4..deles actcweed acs ace orleans 372
OietMemBabitSm Ot -VOUMeteTIIWleeS enn, ween ses. ota, cies rekeeeh ob chet oleh 241
MASE MmILGHe eras PUES stilt cemtae ci emo che oo feicie Aieis.kiaesb ie oe tole mk ia ee a he 237
Agnostus granulatus Barrande, intergenal spines of..................005 237
PenOsims ren BaAttanGe. titere etal, Spimes) On ws ihci/astcuers 2 ota)scrle os ila cisiene 237
AS OMDGS. TUSMTO MCT! NS eats eet Oe ee Bae ea ee aL ee aie 318, 348
Alabama, young cephalon of Pedeumias transitans from described... .308, 309
miberiviiaa descendant of the Mesonacide........2..b....ceng eee nc nee eee 254
iconktannsediments..treshiwatersOrieim: Of cide. «tis dene iets os oreeela 6s) chejee ele 252
americanus, see Hyolithes.
MG GAO ETOSSISE hl OTE ts Meee atneuiren re tas tees hate ato tre bieteie iesbousee « 290
Annelidian-like ancestor, development of Mesonacide from.............. 249
Anse au Loup, see L’Anse au Loup.
Nite nIO MOLEC Ck Dy Bre a ate Ocak bettie PAI SE ee 247, 328, 345
Sicatigzapaic aistribution tabulated... i ssneted. Poses iS... 251
canadensis, see Olenellus.
cartlandi, see Callavia.
SE aeemeN ENA ishl, SROSMR ALOU, pails asic sacs « «aw b's Varserlen Vn bo ctaale duties 319
Cephalacanthus Lapworth, in synonymy................++2++++++274, 275, 286
17—w
SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS VOL. 53
PAGE
Cephalacanthus bréggert Lapworth, in synonymy....-............0.0000- 279
collaves. Lapworth, in ‘synonymy <..ic.ss bee ee tle ee as ee 282
Roerulie leap worthy snl SymMOnyiniyie terete cite ota ence eet ae 289
Cephalon,, development:of 0005 8. cia, 0s eke Been ee 236
Segmentation wok asseae hes aieeds oe ae aerate eee oa 237-238
Ceraurus, specimens of found lyineonithein backsis.m.eaee eee 241
cingulata, see Kutorgina.
Glarke, Johny M., acknowledementise 5.921) ee cree eee 235
Clarke, John M., and Ruedemann, R., bibliographic reference............ 372
claytont, see Olenellus.
Clevelandilennesseesfossilsmimomaeey pen iii cea ioe ere eee 310, 340
CobboldisEees= bibliographicsreierencess: nee meetiee aoe eee ee 372
Coleni'GVAC YW, bibliographic references n..5..55 coe eee ee 372
Comey -quarry; fossils (irons. 2% 2226. seee kin teas oe i a ee 282, 283
Gomley. sandstones fossilspainom-ey-ics nonin tate act ee eee ee 282, 283
communis, see Hyolithes.
Conception Bay, fossils) ht Onis ..o s,s clos Seen Ra eso neo one 280
crosbyt, see Callavia.
Cruziana, the trail of a mud burrowing trilobite................: 2.2 ae 242
Curtice; (Cooper, sacknowledements<2:2...000 2 ose ae eee eee 235
Daley Ti Nelson -bibliceraphic references <..ceeien ee oe hisstshan tae B72 378
on theyGreenwich, formations ©... ch+ 0+ ws seers oe 266
elongata, see Stenotheca.
eiiral Ud ese tOASTISM ATO TIT GMele nt care fits ac/t eo Seses is bsyeivintn © e/loccieistes wet een acne 340, 341
Ppa. ID MOP taApiie, TEFEIENCES 36.25) 620s i. vc cclerndeeccectseoeueae 373
erecta, see Nisusia (Jamesella).
Pape Gln Pe WEISS GROTEL OY ons ate ets Sts ah <6 « of 6capa"s, 0 « 6: 24. eee oe eee eee 285, 322, 320, 345
highlandensis, see Billingsella.
Holm, G., bibliographic references... c....s¢~. vk So sen ee 374
Flolenia: Matthew in. a. Seca Se sda waralegrreens Gale biee Gein Cen an 286
Beecher, .in Synonmymiysisc ce. etek ote oe ee 286
Cole, in! synomymy../:..cccis ots eae nhs nae Serie Pe ee 286
Frech, “in ‘syflonyaty/o.txvisns «6m oeedislor ela ete eee 286
Lindstrom, Anwsynonyimyiee. soeceee Heo een ene eae 287
OLENELLUS AND OTHER GENERA OF MESONACIDA
Holmia—Continued. PAGE
AVIS CMTS VRTOTL TMI Cet eronc cvs (ovcnonc shay arofoo s/. bel ctshare cleelale Cae’ 286, 287
MiciibhnengeriitMSUATOTIVINYR sae tele ckctenioe cic o'verhn ein Gone c blake 286, 287
IMiGher omnia sya Oliuinyeryrcnt eer eastern care had ccs er's ore cattery 275
Reachwandedlosies 1ieSyMOMyiVicere. shes sees Sow cles 275, 286
Rem peeks HMnuESyMOMymy 290
compared with Holmia kjerulfi.............004444++ +289-290, 292
ii Ma/SUOVATE, (008 oc oe, Gea eae tees Si aaa Cae RAP Agi) Sues ine Saale a 244
Midge Ms MME RUMP ire HAI ASS A Sais, n/ateiagrs Leis sd eh ow a hd 247, 270
Sianerapmicmdistibuton tabulated: .25.255..02..-6-22 000s 251
SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS VOL. 53
Holmia—Continued. PAGE
YOWEI, NEW SPECIES. 2.0... 500 vein ae WEVA Mee an. SEO 2y Pl 2s ieee
compared. with Holmua Rierulive aces tase ee ee 205
development of thorax imi <> -yartemnexe cies oi on ee 244
Iie SVMO MY Iys <. se -ouecapbceas oucne6 241-242
WMiesonacis’ Walcott, shee vs a acirus foe. ok eke ae ch even oe oe SCE eee eee 261
Colevinvsynonyimly? ecsedc sos wohle ouccns oe eet Ee eee ae 261
Mobére vine symomuyamiys 2) Acm aces veneers reece et ee 2061
Reach ands Hone ime syirOtlyailyircq sae snecieuier eit 261, 2607
Wralcotts, imssymomuymmiyyoie.: clonic. cies ieetemsre arin cis Senne ror 261
Willers an sSy mi onnyamyecssziec.eccuctegsoe a etinietedeaieic nc ote ek ree 262
compared: with Biipiocephalay: 2) xctcckc nae ces. cwe Uncen eee 269
INE ACTER Met ot eee RM ANE EN nts Ste aIyS ic) io 5.4.0 0 c 257
Olenells ee Hee ok Gs Ri a eels od AOA ne ee 304
FECL CWI MUS IME isttste oie ese eo EEO 266, 304, 306
GTLOATAU tha, PPR OO eee SEAN 208
delinittation; ot enlists kage. Cheon cs hae ne One ee 246
development of, Show ans diagraml ss: oa- eye eee ee 249
developmentJot, thoraxinie Osa. as of oes a alee eee 244
linewextinct un lbowen |Gambisidi secs ces Wate ke eee ener 240
ianKeralolenaeGl a nin ion oo soe 233, 236, 245, 247, 248, 250, 263, 288, 295, 306
Species rererred to the sents) listed/y:--.m. aaa soem seen enters 232
stage in development of thorax defined: ..°.....>.+2--.5. sen 244
stratigraphic distribution tabulated: ...<...........c.4) sane 251
mickwitsi (Schmidt) ...............262, pl. 26, fig. 4; text figs. 16 and 17
Peaches synOnyany cic serine da can aoe eek Dee een eee 262
compared with Mesonacis vermontana.............-++-+-++: 263
meneri@ celatioms ao As ia Gh a) nalne scetcieee we seed erate re ne 263
TMETIGLONE Gig ite eye goa oo ePidetae rep ecto ce ence th aS ee ae Ce 247
Straiorapmics distimbtation ita bulate dsm ait eset aire 251
HeLN FaK CIN TO} DY ieee) hos enim ere hoe ot tac Grose oko Gana clouar ad 264, pl. 26, figs. 5-18
CompanediwithOLEMella sre eSpretokte cietecteuslet i: ites = eee 342
hy, POStOMial.Oiky we ewes teens Oe echoe miaemecet 2+ eee aati 244
ILEMPTOMEG We Wee soos ona es esis Oe ane She Aisaee ue ONS ee 247, 341
Stramenaphic distbutlom mtabtilated ss. se ectelnie aie nacen ieee 251
saaimonwenle (lealeiih) See emoangaoneneaoe 264, pl. 26; figs. 1-3; pl. 44, fig. 2
Manrvone postermor Semmients) Oller elere e eis seein nara 313
Moberexait symomytmiysac as h4 coe to teclere cis oc ene eae 266
WwEilcoiin nine Gyancubonhie po noudoodoucOmanecen oe ddadodso5occ5 265
compared with Mesonacis mickwitzt...........000-00ceesee 263
Nevidta RUCERST 6.0.55 iawi aie oo Coogee ae eee 260
Ole el last (BGS OSk. ciciius keoras Hels ocomaids reheat OT 32
Olenellhis; thomps ott cscicsyes deg ies cee eee ee 338
PEGCUMNIES IKONSIEANS oa): «ccleaner eaters 306, 308, 338
geographic’ distribution! Oley. sccm. . ac corer citer ee eens 253
IMENICLOILE dre. Wea Sons oe ee Seether nee 247, 250, 256, 264, 269
posterior portion of compared with telson of Olenellus thomp-
Ryo] CME ee ROR NR TOGO eS COREE eri se C nant sas Grae. 2233, 200
Stratieraphic a@iStributiom mabulatedineca.smiiteisccnt teen ieee 251
OLENELLUS AND OTHER GENERA OF MESONACID/E
PAGE
Miesomacis \ Olenelius mm Peach,) Mh sSYMOMyIMy sols chcele oes. /cteilew sleicre leva ene 261, 268
Mesonacis (Olenellus) asaphoides Peach, in synonymy.................. 271
Metadoxides magnificus ? Grabau, in synonymy..................00000+- 204
mickwitst, see Mesonacts.
ME CLIN GM Spe IIVETILT OME me ee Seren or etr. lest vos sreia’ ohm stiahal slots ausih @ phen olan aod 348
VICE ORI ERCMILIS TES TTL TEL OMG Cys is. Seis: cla i ool « caus Ce Beals shar syste niahialatee ache oudenaren 279
Micromitra (Iphidella) pannula, mentioned................0cc sec ee eevee 318
Pets es DibliGP ra pie) LOLEHEMICE n10,> is)... aris ds, euslde wa Gereieccmte Bs ville 376
Wiobercm one Chitravacknowmledomlentssr ac c1acty. oal.<0 step ode ae cia csnees 284
iD liMoTmap MiCHEerenenCeSmramrit terse. «shih eels itete ae toteentraReeha shes) nish Malas 376
iain SiaanORAVVGLY MARY 5 Rt Sen vcs ea ees BB tig oa Ot ar ee eae a Se et ae, ae meee ae 264
Moberg, Joh. Chr., and Segerberg, C. O., bibliographic reference......... 376
mobergi, see Obolella.
Pesce nMlOn ISSIIE TOT woes | yatate ects atte: ees Dale oa salete Gai sed dsnays 302, 310, 340
Manito vallonshales tOSSilSE ROT sep c ateldasrapete) sal clodsicSovoei uae Stun ake ekearckee 340
MiciintipA OS WO sLOSSIIS wht Otay. secraamdckes Olexd ot ccetioras Sieidte saeco ser atcnre 310, 330
Monin Tally (Eas oscllerancorle ce eatemae Gite yn ose eee ae Ono Mce a ee eee 339
Nie She PLE mnOSSIISHIENOMes ea aaberities fonts Setoicke © Aud ae atone actors 318, 330
MioIEMlNites BrOSSULS: ht Ofmbtracueicgorteratmec cis beer aleveran eis. staiereiaie ous civil Sele 319, 330
Momnt sWhyte formation, fossils from: ......2.... 9...2:.. 318, 319, 330; 331
PETES EAT CTL Cl Manet Pe AT IL We earn ee Mite tw EWAN OLIN ONY OR Od tere pe ras Ma aed. 301
nevadensis, see Callavia.
UAL OUT CAVES CINULS So eRe ot a hee ered Heer ore ears ec evcre iat ad Sh atiobates oor # Seclat claus odes Seabee eee 256
sien omer abellatHlObe tine yee ee aie ck rusmeus aciict erwin s ohio hielo e242) AS
COMpPakede with MIptOGePMGld-awysts uct. wclssisds 2 cece ones 256, 257
WAS OUTS DS ato Vad Shue Ud HO rab Ue RE REI ed ae eee cere 257
(HEMMER 5 ELE CE RUBS, Rit ROR E LER Oe BE OO Oe aE ee 256
[AGT CTR ee lek Aarts cyt as 5 chain, HIG EAE ROES CORE RR SEN Reo ee JES ole
Mahim MOM Omne CI Sensis ss ae ecing eS riside toate we siecle s akiean ola 246
developmenthor wsnown in) diaeraim «4202s se heed cote oem ceca ene. ¢ 240
developments Oly eno fax ol dere. pavarerrseakste mie i 4 stars elie oe sos «ace so Oa 2
AOIIFAH ON NILCe GHEE GOVE IHKOT Me OVE Ae Calg cites eCCk eee OIE ECIE loic aie acae aeras, ae 253
Hein OMed: peer tar nen tate eter 2004 DAA OAy OAS, 26O S60 k205
nearest approach to Annelidian-like ancestor..............256-257, 260
new genus, species reterred to the genus listed.................... 232
Stacemn- development ottnotax Cenmedian,sh.c2. eu cesses snes «alee 2
SEATS SUMO Witt iil LQM CLM See ohn Schein wa svSis Sarale al ss all Siale. sts lela aoanetelena 313
Sraorapmichaistm bution, tb Ulateds ac ariciccss cits oe cies SiveRersee ose tees 251
AON alee TICS AN el a ene 5, 27 ee) eh eR ORBLE cb a oe ae et A Ren 250
NWie@vuagdid, WEERSI . i.chs<06.5. 257, pl. 23, figs. 1-7; text figs. 14 and 15; pl. 44, fig. 1
Aurea miDelar OWS ils ase cess ew tka o5%0 eee wie sve av! obhd de © Spd shave 242
eempared with Lliptacephala asaphotdes. ooo. 6 cian .Haeiltae ont ods 260
WEES OMGGUSCCHINU OTL x.0s csc nrot mio hesyo. eis ae toh Seateiere pws oe 260
RIDER Mca Tre PRN Ss FGA jot kina scikls’ aye, « Peed si aie.4 ele wPMOy 240, (205. 300
STraMme tapmicrGishmiputiOm tabulated. cr. .jas o.c's cies cc teea sisi ines ike Sale te mleaiee 282
GONOMEN SNS Ate WinSDECIES ) schiiets ee toile ch tievenalsie els chs leree 316, pl. 38, figs. I-10
PISSOEIALECMLOSSIISMIIGLEC:-(acce-caat GU oleate) etme ker fer toe me ace bees eek 318
compared with Olenellus fremontt....... 00.00. cccceecee ees 317, 318
UCRELLUS CIDER Dy a citietasis AROS ee ae oe ee ee 318
Ole nes Joubert Vals, esi cpetite eee a Rea we See alt Gs 331
SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS VOL. 53
Olenellus—Continued.
canadensis—Continued. PAGE
compared with Olenellus reticwlatus. 6... 000-4 s0.eeeeese ees GOO
Ola ne lsc tHOmupSOmn ac scueiee net eh wee tt aren eee 317, 318
Peachella tdGtngst icc: ook Late ee ee eae 343
EVE MODES AT ahi ehh chive eles wore aes dl scat ayes engl ese Siete ee eae 239
eyes compared with those of Olenellus logant.............+.. 335
Seorrapme Gisthibutiony Ole ee eae ee oie cele ene 252
hy postoima vOk SL Ss 2 Mis fe okie ita aeyeaa ie he ecient eee n 244
Tl SYTLONUY MAY Sees, Tee vase lai val diay Sotue eset ot ove tg Ie aera 316, 325
IMLOICIOMER > exer cred hore ates eo eae ein ee eS 254, 248, 314, 328
stratigraphic distribution tabulated: ib ee 251
CHOWLO ME: MEW SPECIES oa «vo vess, haa lok chouc oy chaeageeatede: ie Bee 319, pl. 40, figs. 9-11
compared with Elliptocephala asaphoides............0cece0es 310
Olenellussfrenionit . P80. no cecie seis oct ie eee 310
Ollenellis lapworthi oa tanyten aa. ee eee arene 319, 320
Olenelias: thompSont ie Van cae aa oe ete oie eaten heres 310
PEdeumias IMmanstians. ide. ese ane ane cee ee cee 320
Wannerta walcottanus S22 2ee saa cele eae 319
ANC TILT OME Cai. ke aes 3 aE Sect Ie eEeee er eee 248, 314, 315
stratigraphic: distribution ‘tabulated 00.7.2. 30. ee 251
fnemonth, New SPECIES. . os.tele sds s ss oe wes 320, pl. 37, figs. I-22; pl. 41, fig. 8
compafed ‘with Olenellus \? ‘argentus: 31...2. dts: une eee 315
Olenellisnocnad esis). mck. hee eee em Ty GeSaire.
Olenellusclaytomiaer: cies eae wise a ae See oe 319
Olenellus gilbentt (oie. 3.8 oa akies Sante sae Wage e ee eeD
OlenehiusTapwortni we... acen aur coon ee Eee 322,.332
DlenellUselo gant ed cl sokesoc-at chemo aero Bae an ee 335
Olenelius thompsont 8a ne ee monn coe nee eee 322, 339
Peachellaiddingst): Oo. oases. 2 iteea ene ok, ee 343
CVE ODES YIM. alae eros feats he ee te STS ns ee 239
TEOSTAPMENGISEK UM tOMe Olen ierombe cece clelers Siete lee aera 252
hypostoma: OF, qc. fami penPidein veces alec is Daven Oe en eee 243
compared with that of Olenellus gilberti.....:........ 328
gilbert: and Pedeumias transitans...............00+00 322
Lin Siy MONLY TMUVats sais Netesie wae eked blarcvs aay eine GUO aE ee nee 321
TMEMtIOMEds aa. es se ee ole 2 A2AG) 250; 205, 300) eet cO mec maEaaG
Stratioraphicadistmbutiom cab ulatedtere cece eles eee nce eee 251
Feed Ned] Gaal BA CHO AN SA cd acs ea ER CORR REE RRIAD enc acieree orto 6. c 323, pl. 40, fig. I
Peach in Sy Monyiniy .ct5 wats Sate ec OO eee 323
compared with Mesonacis vermontand.............-.0+.00e- 324
Olenellus Wapworitht. x..s3.40 ne ee ee 323
Olenellws sr eticudlatis ayo... Connie nc. cone ee 323
AMEMtIOMSM © AGL y alse: sae AAS SS eral cocks ate tae ene PAs a ee
Stratianaphie distin butlomutabutlatedl,-. i sreite ci crin arehneteiteenae 251
UU Crtn LCE &. actaetemeae Meee aa bee 324, pl. 36, figs. 1-17; pl. 43, figs. 5-6
Hea Ko} baglaehhnacnig tke) aA pAh ARIE RO or OLR camo. G0 S06 biG cL oo 325
TieSley ih "S¥MOMyZILYic, siakegererace este cee ae tee tae rae nee Tas 32155325
Meek, Sin Sy TO myanny x, oo Suse ccwhatetes Saad hss de Sieee ene lace a eee 324
Peachy in’ SymOnymivig sesh eve tctaine ysl Couche dane hore oon ee 321
OLENELLUS AND OTHER GENERA OF MESONACID/z
Olenellus—Continued.
gilberti—Continued. PAGE
Wal COtewarive sii] OLIV AMV cterets crelereies state eisteiciae oc B20 321 BeAnas25
Wvaniitie tartiaae SVitl OMY MMViaNataTarestaieie Meas ses one e trees nlarakeiaic = ahellocrevelire’ 324
compared with Callavia ? mevadensts. 02.002. e eek ee ences 285
QlepEWOidesrOnmatusy as ver tien are ee ee eike sce aie wees 346, 347
eM eLES TCONGUEMSIS: Pee e Se Rals Petos te eons hss weld wee 318
Olenelluseinencontin i530 oe oan ocho koe ote Soaks, «yak 321-322, 329
Olemellsa alberta ate seccn tae aio eis soe seks ae 331
OQRREIGES Antenne dtas. SUe oe coon as Soho ud olen a ies Sea 332
CERES AH MOT IN eles. AS iota din clk ods wok o 8b4 view B2Gmes2
UE MAS FLUO TGNSOLD: (6 Raed Cot Oe. ASO TOe 329, 330
J EXOT PHOS Ti OL LOCCH IS 49 Glo MOD Re Cte DAI oleae GnO are 310, 329
eye of compared with that of Limulus............... +. +230, 240
IMM SP OIMPILCIHAUS De oe patere cece oad cel otters an scene aieiavs Bey)
PACS UMUneSe NOUN ESE titer ce parverslee. ok ci sis leis tok Aenean 242
COEDS Chen oUNOe lien ghun aces dens ooeddnod be ooean 252, 320
LV DOSEOMAW es eae MCE TRI ror earache chairs cia okoloiete ca RAG Boo os 243, 244
compared with those of Wanneria halli and Olenellus
HiT EUROULITA to aor olbn S/O ORIOL MOE ee orice 328
compared with those of Olenellus fremonti and Pedeu-
PUI TAR OTOS ALTIUS tot nice eel DEL BA OOOO EM OLS OI AAO OT DOE 322
METS VALO [ITI EMMP A Per Estsrs A idaote ot Sis terecaie suave, BT see ect cle tae ee 285
MICH OMe eyarannn Soa een anGa cc sek enste Ott ass Sie e 248, 300, 314, 317
SEGinentatlOnmoheGeplval Olle, sents ier aeae sta cies crelclens | aalare «anetortis 238
Sr aMeGapMicadisthpuiontabtlakedsae. yas neces ose arene es = 251
UNDUE” ES oc Bb ig een GID DG Cate SETI Oy SOO IE 331, pl. 40, fig. 8
compared with Olenellus gilberti and Olenellus canadensis... 331
Stanerapmic mdistmbution tabulatedincc..- «cece. s+ «le sees 251
OMe Meeker iS VITOMYTIV choca ee ee Fale ooo cle sys he cle Sanne oo erate 324
Wil conte inmsym Onivallye 6 operat stints bic: pater loc nate 320, 324
NVAitne maine SH OTTy; assem Aces etc ohteee chide cess a.is cena aietets, 324
PLEO it COMMER Ma Pro ere POP ONT ove (oo rosie wer eee ooea Ts 317, 318
UUM GST IEG Mirra Ie SMA O Ty MY. ceres aire ere eeenchehe Uvevelne Grebe ave ig) eos ny beuanelovs 343
ial COMES K I ONyIMypuee tem rceers eiiolcin'= cele eee sis fale es lone oe 343
ERIN AIS AeCAchmaline SYMOMVIMVA <<: ae ois wicks a ald seid ots sds eee alore (BL
Eomipabedp witha Olenellis teilberth. NGG. cece se cae lowe cet 332
Hel evO ty SPECIGNRCICEENCONOT 5125, .,20 Fb o- Tele hs feu oe wasleide os B32
MEGUlhABCOooe i hin) SYMOMYIMYs ck oesne eee. J aie dnainee eee 288
lol mates 11 OnynMVicreyne cchsie occa cents tee crstiwiede ea cle ardeteesiers 280
REfSGiiitemi Tl SVMOILY TY een telat sn slcnistae ee ek are a onto onee Aa ciie 288
[SONA doar SRAaTSpAMATINYR BO SOOO O ml o aac cee tone ie peoacinc mere oes 2890
ILiiningnessrorn, Shik Shanerohnaib'ay 60s Og Sinbiche som lot Onn oc erator Saas o's 288
NVALUE WARdTINSVAOMYV IY spas act Bins cow ete hn eee uo ee 280
Lab wortid WCAC teach cicekes - 331, pl. 30, figs. 1-7; pl. 40, part of fig. 3
[EVEIEl al, Shah AMO) Own Th aan eon GREE Ritch arieion tte roeta beter 331
Peachmand alone: cin: SylOmydny. oo. bre ce see fe hice s vic crc cusses 331
compared with Elliptocephala asaphoides........... 200s ees 332
ONE ANA GHAGCANIO UO P= ORO AA TID BEIT OIS DOC e a aaer 319, 320
OLeMeLUSAEFENLONT Ade tale eR ls sees 322, 332
18—w
SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS VOL. 53
Olenellus—Continued.
‘ lapworthi—Continued. PAGE
compated with -Qlewellus ? gtaus>.®.cc 0.02 ene ae eee 32
Olenellas \QtlDertt, Fs 2.50 Anais sslav ok se he eee 320, 332
Olenellus: mterimedius ® oho kb se een ee 332
Olenellus Napwortht ielongatus < ss. 1. eee eee 332
OlenellusireculatusSmecei eee eee eer 332, 335.9330
Oleneliussthompsont. 2. ce wat. eae eee eee 331
Pedeumias: HONSiIONS;- ccciceelis Un oes, eee 5 oe 327-332
eosraphicwdistwbutionmoteyy ci ole eee 253 -
hypostomd “Ob cau sans date cute sed ce ees epee 244
mentioned: s/s. gid Be 22% s Sake ween ain le ahah, 2 See wre Pe
Stratigraphic (distribution ‘tabulated ja .4neeee ee eee 251
lapworths elongatus Peach; im. synonyinys «.203... 4... 46s 331
HOLE On) Specie merenencesOl 15 ase eae re ree eee 332
LOGON. THEW A SPECIES tye as tek nak a ae 333, pl. 41, figs. 5-6
anterior pair of olabellar. furrows:in.- 3, :,s <0 eke slew. vle-teke oon Shae ehislanen 270) 204
Pompeckj, in synonymy. ces sey ho anger Ae
(Shimer), compared with Se a ene .254-255,
text-figs. 12 sind 13, p. 255
WAI CObt AM SYMOLVIOIY 26 os cheek ase oaeteee Sh fg me eee 279
EECA AICOLT, INLSYMOLLVANY. cotisbovarie, ovcbels wos a 282
Bap wo ribs AMeSViOMVIlyie.c.. xo ies loca steele ee deio nator 282
SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS VOL. 53
Olencllus—Continued.
(Holmia)—Continued. PAGE
cavtland: Raw, i ‘synoiwmy. oy 7. ts 5.8 ns eee 282
kierulf* Cole, in SynOflyiiy :.% ssi%.. aca tence ee eee 289
Fréch; in,Synonyimy ss esters: sae oe ae ee ee 289
Walcott. inl symotuyiyeeeies ea cee eee eee 289
Wolcattanus Vanier 1M SyMOmy Ilys sen cele ehe eterna 302
(Mesonacis) asaphoides Beecher, in synonymy..................- 271
Buri sin SymOmyiny cn acs cies te che he eee eee 271, 284
Clarke and Ruedemann, in synonymy................ 272
asaphoides, 2 (Grabat, inesynomymny.t1.) ver creole 271, 284
broggzert, Walcott int isymOnyOly.n 5 neo aceca eee 279
MAGEWILAY EGE Ch, Atl SyIOMiyINy sclera ie tees lel eee rea enone 262
\iWeileoyies shal Gyysoronntinon bhobobocobeaucuuoGousoccobd. 262
wermontang (Coles in Syst Omy aly: eis species erie ieee sie eee 266
Walcott) in synonymy. cjeaase cee 261, 266, 267, 270, 271
(Olenelloides). Peach, in “symomymiyn). 4 seine tee 345
arnatus Reach! insymonymiy se et ae ee eee ee eee 347
(Olenus) asaphoides Ford, in synonymy.......2./--+..se0e.eeese) 270
Olenus: Hall, in. synonymy: 25s /.o5 ss eraes ane ee ee eee 267
asaphoides Fitch, im) sy monyinye cesar ee 260
(Olenellus) giiberts’ Gilbert, in synonymy.) .: 0). . va.0a5. 02 eee eee
howells Gilbert. insynonymyeneten bs eee ee eee 324
Obisthoparia Beecher; defined): ..0. Aes. os se ced HA eee 235
OVA OANACOE (HOKPA, TOMEMMIOVMEGls aban hooesn os duengdenendccuacodoscuoosues 300
PackardssAgrse bibliographic rererencen serene ie tines nea 376
on the eyes of Limulus and trilobites... .... i cn2 -Seetoeincee eee 239
Pedeumias; new ens. .%$5.00 ehiexwer a Gas dew shes be el ee eee ee 304
anterior glabellarlobesins. fas. + a-.+eh ect oe an eee 243
compared! with) WeSOngGrsateee ticks concer ae eee 266, 304, 306
Olemelliisr eee eae es tleas oie OO 304, 306, 307, 308
delimitation Of genus s... 2.45.0 oo os oo Re eee On ee eee 248
development of showmr in diaccame i miei seein een eee 249
Gye WOES Whines selene d Rec rele Sale Nae eo ce Noone a 2390
ceqeoteul have levtauwercte(eoeyl Gomes. Wolagos cavosueducnsaouusboandocoduonons 237
loiseoiny (OF sOLLOMGhhA? Chk EXBAMEISs soonnoncaroccvocnacvaccdbaauaocone 266, 304
median spine the telson! otsOleneliistremcan re ee cei ieee nee 245
IMENtOMER 2c.) cme ciate «ace Fis slave oeane or Seusle Ree Root he GON AU 25ON OO OOO MERE
new genus, species referred to the’ genus listed... 2. 3..025. 08000. 008 232
NOLES! OD) PLOPOsall Ol SenMUS sae citation 304
Sepmentationy on Ceplaloneaassnaces sce ee ert Rea eee 238
stage in development of Mesonacide discussed..................+:- 308
Olenelius mentioned <..:/.seavee. es ae oaths oe oe eee 313
stages passed. through in development of. ..-csmsaee ccc eeieereens 308
State im development Gr thorax denmmed ism. srrenesiaespaee sentra 245
Straticrapiic distmbusion: tabtlatecdiertcrm ts sete titan tet 251
Pedeumias transitans, new species................ 305, pls. 24, 25, 32-34, and 44
compared with Eliptocephala asaphowdes ss. 0.22. wee wens on els 310
Olenelloidesarmatus: o...cantotee rena ee oe ee 346, 350
Olenellus Claytonix Ap teastrmtiie clos sib eie eeertene ee eee 320
Oe
OLENELLUS AND OTHER GENERA OF MESONACID/E
Pedeumias transitans—Continued. PAGE
Compare WwiHhwOleNellus CUBETIS 06% .c.cc ce ticb. oes ovesed owes 3310, 320
(DUETS AO RTV ONAL OD. OB COIS CER ELE COE EEL Oe 23 332
(QUE DELS TORRES Se oben Dish Deer EICInC to Oe ee AE 334
Olénellus thompson e038 shee kiceS ok Soe eaes 306, 307, 308, 338, 339
MESOMACUSAUCTIWVOWLONG@ cone cc ssc ac vksos se yc ek ae was 306, 308, 338
Meme MaDIiiSit mel CEpiiclGieOiy <)srhieh srw. lee aca bee aatie ao sdeta wlan bapetbatdhe Secs 237
THMKOREEISS, Thal. Siang yore Oo OOS RI ICR Dine een nen Bea ih ne 245
PECoAN MCAGIStMD ME OMeOlr.. telat s «f.c.0ea.e's ole a crsiteenn Stoke sa ratre eas 253
Hin) OSLOMIG ME Pare ear eri sc Tee ohn bie seareiaes tao tpethanmies oebtanbeniee ets 243
compared with those of Olenellus fremonti and Olenellus gil-
TAREE GAS oS SRO RERE CERO TRA RETR 322
TMMAONAGl aes sS Sawao AO OneCare 233, 234, 242, 248, 266, 302, 303
‘NIH TOE TENOEN | ESDIUHEObT ee sis otdin a bpcid cea IOI RII ren Marae 242
Stages: passed through im development Of.:...0.0..-. 4.02. eens sek 308
Serobigr amc cistiinution ta bimlabed... 2.6/5.0 '6c cane dba eae cal se yltesicw.s 251
surface of compared with that of Paradorides........00..0000000 307
youncecephalon: iromuAlabama described)... ..0+ oo. o-smie aden 308, 309
young compared with those of Wanneria halli..............200005. 207
MEiTemseay CsrOredO rsa ly SIMI, oc Ske «ius ee es ols s saul sinee vajee uae ya oe 307
iP siljoelovraill, evenaacion® GleornveclABe ics aa CI RRO cc Hi TL OeEe ena ae meee Sean aren 238
pannula, see Micromitra (Iphidella).
PrGnoitoes: AntetiOr pall Ol LULCOWS AM acd... 2.68 Pe eke cee eee 333
developmentormshowmein diaenan: «sc. 6 cease cle essence cecs » 240
elongation oi second ‘seamentits. +. se...ss -% s/s/sials $5 5:0 d ilelSrs whelovetenes os 288
Vet eerie UAE Cl OS oye a, Slainpetbe.kie Shares xrdispaisth oyu or Sio arid mea 288
macrocepnalus Barrande.. in) SYMONYIMY. «.< 2... ecdees sees 260, 337
POMS, CATE SUTTOIMLY TINS et. ca rcs2 + oo 0 snd 2 wai dhara se darlevener ele ates 269, 3306
CET, OMS TERE 13) "1616 Le ro oc ne a 287, 290
pusillus, anterior pair of glabellar furrows in................. +243, 333
Spinosus, anterior pair of glabellar furrows in.................243, 333
aaGvai SONNE 92. ES a eta One ROR RRR EN oes ar Pe Re 299
eed PETE ARTE NITIES eS eal 2, St ce «x o.S i wl duahs sedensraia & Stele rsapaeiytsbedteca es 287
PRAE SOME SEAL SAMA, Ii) SYPOUYIY.«. as, 0 «1010/14, s, 4. cjyeiere ojageee +. wih Cops ore 337,
Reade MAIN GATATISEN 181 Vw, over d-« 0 0, ais s\n, orn 6. d.d:0 0.) 410.0) 050 15k annie bas B05 337.
Be CLasRteTeS we TUE OMELET MENViere cadllers eclevece as apse #4 a/v ak ny'camis oe o« sees tae aekicie bee eee 2605
walcott Shaler and Foerste, im Synonmytyinns: eco elite "341
Paradoxides (Gen. ?) kjerulfii Matthew, in synonymy..............-.... 289
Paradoxing, Beecher On thega. o acer cre eo a ices Sela a oye ea oe ee 314
ESMIMONS MIMS YN OMY MY scc'e te sroesein satere uo eecie, socteke so lamers tence tenses eke 311
Ford) ain “synomyimy.s sons aie ost ton. stesteele nce RO ao oe eee 286
adistinemished trom thes Wiesomaciclac sss) -eieeier cee eee 250
nen tiomed.y iG sal hel wan a Siew ae Rae AE ties on Baas a eee 236
transition, trom Wiesomeacidee. 205. a2 tei ociee)-ehen oe eee eeeeae 253
Parkers quariy, fossils frome jas. y ne 2s eeu cia saree ere eee ee ee 330, 341
Peach, 3B: Nj acknowledgments yy... 25.) tae os eis eae ee eee 235
bibliographic. reference, 5.2: 6 o.h0 4.2). oho ohne See ee eee 376
on (Olenelloudiest, tics he ot Ute as Gia ho eT eee 347
on; the telson: ofwOlenellasinn nc. cle en Oe ea oo ee ee eee 313
MMENTONER B24). ahs. velo pedlatooe oes, ehees SRD we el Saree gee ea eee 342
each, Bo Ne andi Horne, js bibliographicirererences eee ene eee 376
Peachella, news emus io. ao seyas ob decease sh htieatne «ee ae ee ie ee 342
delimitation, Of (gentis...). 0656 25 «mane © Ramee ns ae eee 248
development of, shown imi diagiraiiin.. ss oa ccc cele aenone 249
development of ‘thorax sae8 soso « sive canes ee es Oe eee 245
mentioned” (ok. sens oe bees ee ee 236
new genus, species referred to the genus listed.«............. 232
Stratlonap hi ceG@istmputlonmia bt aie de emanrr ieee eee 251
da ainsi’ (Walcott) eae tee Soe eee en oe 343, pl. 40, figs. 17-19
associated fossils listedin..: jcc ais ccs am an kane ee 345
compared with Gallavia Drom eKie nan ae eee eee 344
Olewelluss POV Gents) ats ise han 6 tee Ae ee ee 315
Olenellus canadensis Gavscn Jo. ee 343
Olenellus jfremontt . s.ccccc Wis boas oe ee 343
Woanmeria eracile= ii line ee seinen ai eee eee ee
Mem TONE Gs Riker ces, AS yah aa ene eee o Path esa eee Oe
Stratioraphicwdistmbutiom tabulatedi. 25 shnelee renee 251
Perkins, Prot, George Fl, acknowledetentss 46+ erie see ee enna 235
perugata, see Kutorgina.
PIO cHe MiOssils thom ay sagen ok are ae ee eee 285, 322, 320, 345
LEO sopema Hor, NOSIS, WOKS GademuoaoucosdudDoouDcoodancoddos 322, 320, 345
Plaivceras promevuum, memtiomedaa....ocaaneceecesie eek Uae) ee 341
Pompecky,) J. E., biblioorapmicnetenence. <5 ssn. dele eelceie ee eee 377
Popes Peal tossilistinonnis vac sels.coc' vcs ce eiera ens orate totic Tee nee eae 319, 330
Pre-Cambrian life, absence of traces explained. <5 ..+.+. +. -+ ssiereoeerrereees 252
evolwttome Of “ifs.sSuce sah sae eee ae He cleo chee A ee 252
primevum, see Platyceras.
Proparia: genal-spities \OLMB sos eet stots oo eect is ia Se ee 237
Prospect) Mountain mtossils atromic ect cneeciiericie cl aire: eeerencree aera 322, 132935 BAC
Prospect ViountaimmronimatlonyetOssils ett Onin ler eaeenierrnieleereret ten 922) 323 5aann
Protolenus tatinad. discusses wason i 4 uel * mi. iE)
- S44) ta halt x Poth deeaging RY : ;
wie _ 4 u a oi ra hie
fl a ets } aye ie a:
Pilly ara) aris agi i aS
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WASHINGTON, D.C
PRESS OF JUDD & DETWEILER, INC.
I9IC
°
' t
CAMBRIAN GEOLOGY AND PALEONTOLOGY
No. 7—PRE-CAMBRIAN ROCKS OF THE BOW RIVER
VALLEY, ALBERTA, CANADA
By CHARLES D. WALCOTT
(WitH THREE PLATES)
CoNTENTS
Tage
Ise gtFO ELLE MUON y 2 BR ek ep A eg RTE a ENC IE ree he eS 423
pee iVmOmEGue Nalleveekie orks cos, Pals. 4 del Reick ba te ata cee 424
Basalt (Caiman ROC aise einen fide ao DRIER eae Re OE EE ea ae E 425
Unconformity between the Cambrian and the pre-Cambrian Rocks....... 426
PSG MM AT ETN O GIS MR rea oid seek tear ee he erate So iy a te iandl sv avayerse eee 27
Correlation of Bow Valley pre-Cambrian Rocks with those of Northern
Sana enn nee eee Ceueeret™ Pe nests Bie er he Lee aS St a 430
JL ES RATE, 205 cage SSOP ARG) RIE Resp SiO wR MN Kael eat ag a eT 431
ILLUSTRATIONS
Plate 45, Fig. 1. Panoramic view looking across Bow Valley............. 424
Fig. 2. View of Fort Mountain from the west.................; 42
Plate 46, Fig. 1. View of ridge south of Ptarmigan Lake................ 426
Fig. 2. Panoramic view from the south slope of Fort Mountain.. 426
Plate 47. Map of a portion of Bow Valley, showing approximate
ArecaaOtlaphe-CamDigleam Strata. + eeicets aoe ee his isa acte ners 428
INTRODUCTION
During the summer of 1909 I continued my study of 1907* on
the Cambrian formations of the main range of the Rocky Mountains
on the line of Bow Vailey, in Alberta, with the view of discovering
a base to the Fairview formation of the Lower Cambrian, and, if
possible, of finding fossils in the shales and sandstones beneath that
formation in the Bow Valley. When measuring the Cambrian sand-
stone on the northeast slopes of Mount Fairview and Saddle Moun-
tain, about 2.5 miles southwest of Laggan, a fine quartz conglomerate
about 100 feet in thickness was found, and below it a gentle, forest-
*Smithsonian Miscellaneous Collections, vol. 53, No. 5, 1908, Cambrian
Sections of the Cordilleran Area, pp. 204-217.
SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS, VOL. 53, No. 7
423
424 SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS VOL. 53
covered débris slope without rock outcrops. Knowing that there
were shales and sandstones in the Bow Valley to the northwest, I
went up on the slopes of Mount Saint Piran, and from there exam-
ined with a strong field-glass the valley and mountains to the north-
east. I could see that the Fairview sandstone formed a cliff on
Mount Hector and:Fort Mountain above slopes that were evidently
clear of débris, and that there was a marked change in the character
of the rock where the cliff and slope met. A week was next spent
at Fort Mountain and vicinity, and, with the information secured
there as to the presence of a massive bedded conglomerate at the
base of the Fairview formation, a trip was made along the southwest
side of Bow Valley in search of contacts between the basal con-
glomerate and the shales beneath. It was found that the lower
slopes and bottom of Bow Valley from Hector Lake to the vicinity
of Cascade Station, on the Canadian Pacific Railway, were under-
lain by pre-Cambrian shales and sandstone formations, to which the
names Hector and Corral Creek are applied in this paper. These
rocks were formerly referred to the Bow River group of the Cam-
brian by Mr. R. G. McConnell.”
TOPOGRAPHY OF BOW VALLEY
The Bow Valley heads at Bow Pass, and for the first 10 miles
of its course it appears to be deeply excavated in the limestones and
sandstones of the Cambrian formations. Southeast of Bow Peak
the floor of the valley attains a width of two miles; it is joined from
the west by the flat of Hector Lake, and from this point the valley
is broadly U-shaped in profile, with high mountain fronts on either
side. .This is illustrated by figure 1, plate 45. This profile is con-
tinued to the southeast for about 35 miles to where the ridges of
the Sawback Range and the mass of Pilot Mountain on the north,
and of Mount Bourgeau on the south, crowd the sides of the valley
toward the river; from here to Banff it is deep and narrow. The
valley is evidently one of pre-glacial origin that has been widened
and shaped by the passage of a great glacier into which lateral
glaciers flowed from the side canyons. Rounded hills and ridges of
gravel and clay record glacial deposits and subsequent stream ero-
sion.
I find in my field note-book the following: “The view from Fair-
view Mountain, 3,000 feet above Lake Louise, is a most extended
7 Annual Rept., Geol. and Nat. Hist. Survey Canada, for 1996, Party
p. 15 D, 1887.
ONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS
Fig. 1. PANORAMIC VIEW LOOKING ACROSS THE BOW VALLEY FROM ~
is view shows on the left Mount Aberdeen and the Victoria Glacier, Mounts Whyte and St. Piran, and to
(Photograph b
Fig. 2. VIEW OF FORT MOUNTAIN FROM THE WEST SIDE OF CO
e high, massive Cambrian limestone cliffs of the upper half of the mountain and the broken sandstone cliffs bel
by C. D.
VOL. 53, PL.
HN OND” enna nk =o —
V HILLS ABOUT 2 MILES NORTHEAST OF LAGGAN, ALBERTA, CANADA
it_of the center Mounts Bosworth and Daly, also in the foreground the broad, almost flat, bottom of the valley.
Walcott, 1909.)
REEK, 4.5 MILES NORTHEAST OF LAGGAN, ALBERTA, CANADA
rast strongly with the rounded hills and slopes of pre-Cambrian rocks shown by figure 1, plate 46. (Photograph
, 1909.)
ac
AMITHGONIAM MIBCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS
5
wy
SS THE BOW VALLEY FROM THIOW HILLS ABOUT 2 MILES NORTHEAST OF LAGGAN, ALBERTA, CANADA
Fig. 1 PANORAMIC VIEW LOOKING ACR
ground the broad, alme
" Vict ut eo)
Tg te eee ran Might of the center Mounts Bosworth and Daly, also in the fore
I | Walcott, 1900.) ;
= a
g. 2. VIEW OF FORT MOUNTAIN FROM THE W : CREEK
ray
ft NORTHEAST OF LAGGAN, ALBERTA. CANADA
Che hist nassive Camb i
‘ ¢ ‘ ‘It of Past st,
*trongly wi
1909.) J th the rounded hills and slopes of pre-Camb f ‘
PRE-CAMBRIAN ROCKS OF THE BOW VALLEY—WALCOTT 425
and beautiful one. ‘To the north and far below lies the broad valley
of the Bow, which stretches to the southeast toward Banff: and
northwest to the beautiful Hector Lake. Rising above the valley on
the northeast rugged mountains extend in massive ridges and high
peaks from Mount Hector to Mount Richardson, and southeastward
to the great wall of Castle Mountain and the serrated Sawback
Range. Farther to the southeast are the high points of the Bourgeau
Range west of Banff, and beginning with Mount Temple and arch-
ing to the south and southwest there is a superb panorama of high
mountains, glaciers, and crested walls, such as is rarely seen in any
land. As a study in glaciation and topographic forms it is unex-
celled, and is well worth a journey across the continent to see.”
Panoramic photographs taken from high on the mountains on both
sides of the valley show that the valley has been excavated on the
northeast slope of a broad, broken anticlinal arch. The general
average height of the peaks and ridges as they are massed against
the horizon indicates a base-leveling of the region prior to the period
of uplift and erosion that has developed the present topography.
The topographic forms resulting from the erosion of the Cam-
brian rocks are well shown on all the higher mountains adjoining
the valley—Mounts Temple, Aberdeen, Victoria, and Hector. Fort
(fig. 2, pl. 45) and Castle mountains are capped by high, precipitous
cliffs of limestone underlain by alternating slopes of shale and bro-
ken cliffs of sandstone for 2,000 feet or more down to the low cliff
formed by the Fairview sandstone or its basal conglomerate. Below.
this cliff the pre-Cambrian shales and sandstones form smooth slopes
and irregular, rounded hills and ridges with bands of gray, purple,
and greenish shales. These are well shown southeast of Mount
Hector and the ridges south of Mount Richardson and Fort Moun-
tain (fig. 2, pl. 46). The contrast of topographic form between
the Cambrian and pre-Cambrian rocks is finely illustrated by Fort
Mountain (fig. 2, pl. 45) and the area just south of it (fig. 2, pl. 46),
and it first led me to suspect the presence of pre-Cambrian rocks in
this area. ;
BASAL CAMBRIAN ROCKS
The conglomerate at the base of the Fairview formation is massive
bedded and usually formed of small quartz pebbles in a coarse sand-
stone matrix. At Fort Mountain it is over 300 feet thick and ex-
tends northwest and southeast for a long distance. The white quartz
pebbles here vary from 2 mm. to 10 cm. in diameter (average 10-15
mm.), and are mixed near the base of the conglomerate with rounded
426 SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS VOL. 53
and angular pebbles (fragments) of the dark siliceous shales of the
subjacent Hector formation; also of the siliceous and hard greenish
shale that occurs from 520-640 feet below, and the reddish and
chocolate-colored, arenaceous shale 640 feet or more below the base
of the Cambrian.
Two and one-half miles north of Fort Mountain, at the east foot
of Ptarmigan Peak, the basal conglomerate is only 170 feet thick,
while on Mount Temple, 8 miles southeast of Fort Mountain, it is
represented by a few thin layers of fine conglomerate interbedded in
a massive-bedded, fine-grained sandstone.
On the north slope of Vermilion Pass, east of Boom Mountain,
11 miles southeast of Mount Temple, the conglomerate occurs in
massive beds that form a series 200 feet and more in thickness.
The variation in thickness of the basal Cambrian conglomerate
seems to indicate that the pre-Cambrian surface over which it was
deposited was broadly irregular.
UNCONFORMITY BETWEEN THE CAMBRIAN AND THE PRE-
CAMBRIAN ROCKS
Viewed in a restricted way, much of the pre-Cambrian surface
was regular and the Cambrian rocks appear to be conformable to
the subjacent pre-Cambrian strata. All about the sides of the valley
the strata of the two formations, Fairview of the Cambrian and
Hector of the Algonkian, dip away at about the same angle, but,
‘when we apply the test of the varying thickness of the basal Cam-
brian conglomerate and the difference in the character of the upper
beds of the Algonkian in different places, we at once become aware
that the pre-Cambrian surface is more or less irregular, and that
when the Cambrian sea transgressed over the area now included in
the Bow Valley it found a broadly irregular surface with low hills and
broad level spaces covered with a deep mantle of disintegrated rock.
It washed out the muds and carried them away and deposited the
sand and pebbles of its advancing beaches’ over and around the ir-
regularities of the pre-Cambrian surface.
The unconformity is well shown at Fort Mountain, where the
basal Cambrian is formed of massive layers 4-10 feet thick, which
usually rest directly on the Hector shale (pre-Cambrian). In places,
however, slight hollows in the shale are filled with thin layers of a
more or less ferruginous sandstone that was deposited by gentle
currents prior to the deposition of the massive conglomerate layers.
The lower 10-20 feet of this conglomerate contains rounded and
—~
ae eer el ee
SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS
Fig. 1. VIEW FROM THE NORTH OF THE RIDGE SOUTHEAST OF THE LOW
NORTHEAST OF LAG
The upper edge of the snow banks about half way down the slope of th
the pre-Cambrian arenaceous shales of the Hecto
sa
Fig. 2.
PANORAMIC VIEW FROM THE SOUTH SLOPE OF FORT MOUNTAIN LOOKING TO THE SG
= lower dark cliff in the mountain on the left is formed by the basal conglomerate of the Cambrian.
sandstones of the Corral Creek formation
Below, ty
overlain by the shales of the Hector formation.
}OQ.)
In the distance on
OF PTARMIGAN LAKE AND NORTHEAST OF FORT MOUNTAIN, 6 MILES
BERTA, CANADA
marks the line of contact of the Cambrian basal conglomerate with
tion. (Photograph by C. D. Walcott, 1909.)
AST AND SOUTH FROM A POINT 4 MILES NORTHEAST OF LAGGAN, ALBERTA, CANADA
ve is formed of the arenaceous shales of the Hector formation. The rounded hills in the foreground are forme
ht are the high peaks of the Bow Range on the southwest side of the Bow Valley. (Photograph by C. D. Wal
SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COL
Fig. 1. VIEW FROM THE NORTH OF THE RIDGE SOUTHEAST OF THE LOWETEND OF PTARMIGAN LAKE AND NORTHEAST OF FORT MOUNTAIN, 6 MILES
NORTHEAST OF LAGGAN, ALBERTA, CANADA
Lhe upper edge of the snow banks about half way down the slope of the fidge marks the line of contact of the Cambrian basal conglomerate with
e pre-Cambrian arenaceous shales of the He firmation. (Photograph by C. D. Walcott, 1909.)
> TO THE tH , AST OF LA AN, ALBERT ANADA
Fig. 2. PANORAMIC VIEW FROM THE SOUTH SLOPE OF FORT MOUNTAIN | KING EAST AND SOUTH FROM A POINT 4 MILES NORTHEAS F LAGGAN, A RTA WADA
The lower dark e| in the mounta
of the sandstones tu Co \ FA ,
eaten. ek fo io veriain by the shales of the Hect
1 by the basal conglo t ft (
» foun > Tey
Ais ay © fe ie) _) ‘ie ;
Ute ACT fe Ai
- % wt 7 Yn. a
re re ) Ui iedl a)
i i : i as! ‘tem
Digs ‘
}
; eon
PRE-CAMBRIAN ROCKS OF THE BOW VALLEY—WALCOTT 427
angular fragments of the subjacent pre-Cambrian formations (fig.
1, pl. 46). ‘The Cambrian sea was evidently transgressing across the
dark siliceous shales of the pre-Cambrian land and reducing them
to rolled pebbles, angular fragments, and mud. The mud gave ori-
gin to small lentiles of shale similar in character to the shale below
the unconformity, while lentiles of sandstone of greenish tint indicate
that fine material was being derived from still older pre-Cambrian
formations than the shale.
On the southwest side of the Bow Valley the Fairview formation
extends well down on the wooded slopes, but I know of no exposure
showing the contact of its basal conglomerate with the underlying
Hector shale north of Mount Temple. East of Mount Bosworth
the contact of the Cambrian and pre-Cambrian appears to be in the
valley just north of Stephen on the Continental Divide.
Of greater importance is the evidence that the sediments of the
two periods were deposited under different physical conditions. The
Cambrian sandstones are composed of clean, well-washed grains,
and the Cambrian calcareous and argillaceous shales were deposited
as muds offshore along with the remains of an abundant marine
life. The Hector shales of the pre-Cambrian are siliceous and with-
out traces of life; the sandstones are impure and dirty, with the
quartz grains a dead milky white, or glassy and iron stained. The
sediments forming them were evidently deposited in relatively quiet
muddy waters, and | think in fresh or brackish waters.*
I do not compare the limestone formations, as they are 2,000 feet
or more above the plane of unconformity in the Cambrian, and be-
low the Hector-Corral Creek series in the Algonkian.
PRE-CAMBRIAN ROCKS
The distribution of the pre-Cambrian rocks in the Bow Valley is
outlined on the accompanying map (pl. 47). They extend through-
out the bottom and lower slopes of the valley from Bow Peak to
Cascade, on the Canadian Pacific Railway, about 7 miles west of
Banff. East of Mount Hector and in the Mount Richardson-Ptarmi-
gan Peak mass they rise in high hills both east and west of Pipestone
River, and continue eastward across Corral and Baker creeks before
passing beneath the Cambrian, on the south slopes of Castle Moun-
tain.
* This view will be presented more fully in a paper on “The Abrupt Appear-
ance of the Cambrian Fauna in North America” that I have prepared for
presentation at the meeting of the International Geological Congress at Stock-
holm in August, 1910.
428 SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS VOL. 53
At the south end of Fort Mountain the descending section beneath,
the Cambrian conglomerate is as follows, as measured on the east
side of Corral Creek Canyon, 4 miles northeast of Laggan:
CAMBRIAN CONGLOMERATE
Unconformity
ALGONKIAN
HECTOR FORMATION: Feet
1. Dark-gray to black, finely arenaceous (siliceous) shale breaking
down on weathered slopes, or sometimes forming low ragged
cliffs beneath conglomerate. Upper surface slightly eroded.. 520
2. Greenish, finely arenaceous shale, with bands of reddish-colored
shale. At 110 feet down a layer of fine interformational con-
glomerate occurs, with a finely arenaceous, greenish-colored
matrix that includes thin layers of pinkish, compact limestone
that weathers more rapidly than the matrix................. 120
3. Purple-colored, finely arenaceous or siliceous shale............ 140
4. Greenish-colored, finely arenaceous or siliceous shale.......... 40
5. Massive-bedded conglomerate. Matrix a coarse sandstone, with
quartz pebbles and fragments of gray pinkish limestone..... 27
This is evidently a deposit made from material brought down
by a river reaching back into the hills of that epoch. The
presence of the limestone is very important, as it indicates
limestones below any exposures of the pre-Cambrian rocks
of the Bow Valley. In places the matrix is coarse-grained
and in others a fine-grained sandstone. The limestone frag-
ments are small and those of sandstone usually larger, some
being 12 inches across.
6. Reddish purple, arenaceous, siliceous shale, with greenish bands. 455
This shale is widely distributed and often folded and broken
in exposures along the valley.
CORRAL CREEK FORMATION:
1. Coarse-grained, light-gray sandstone in massive layers, with
some of the layers a fine quartz conglomerate. Estimated... 120
The outcrop of this bed is usually concealed by débris.
2. Hard, quartzitic sandstones that break down on exposure to
weather » ‘Estimates veut. cessina shave sea hese tees eee 1,200+
An anticline and general disturbance of the strata at this point
breaks the downward continuity of the section.
On the west side of Corral Creek Valley and south of the syn-
cline of Cambrian limestones and sandstones of Mount Richardson
and Ptarmigan Peak the strata of the Hector and Corral Creek
formations are displaced by thrusts and folds, so that the section is
broken and imperfect. The same is true of the pre-Cambrian forma-
tions south of the base of Fort Mountain.
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PRE-CAMBRIAN ROCKS OF THE BOW VALLEY—WALCOTT 429
RESUME
HECTOR FORMATION: Feet
MIG -TLY Sle remand on cielo, 2 ciclo Ws gaaie bic ss dpew eset 520
2. Greenish shale, with narrow bands of reddish purple shale. 120
SATION CRS MER REMERON sla licre niece cis o2,cci Pas al Gk calementecds 140
mE CCISIS Ee SM tate te te Na oc als eo ahs ak ete Sage alae des 40
By, (OXSTATOLGSITVS 13) 10 ioe EE Rare pS Se ee 27
Bearing (RCI None ae ATi. o Geechee cg eavtin a, tnatacare Slate oD METS Oe ass 455
SRN ha heer og he, Ie hs SS See om ce ee Mo CE 1,302
CORRAL CREEK FORMATION:
Me MUOStONE. | (States. 2 a's 3icts2 wai o he eaten le eaee. ba Ps 120
PRESANMASTOHES! (EStIMALE is 2j.crs ao met Se ucrcete ioe eee 1,200
3 io i) Pg eae Gee nL are ae Dart bee TS Sa ae (a Sie Sta de mee etna 1,320
ORANG CEI ike Lose hes rere ak eee he ee aa He OTs 2,622
At the east base of Ptarmigan Peak, 2.5 miles north of the Fort
Mountain section, the Hector shales and conglomerate beneath the
basal conglomerate of the Cambrian are essentially the same as on
the south end of Fort Mountain, except that the green and purple
shales are closer to the Cambrian, owing to the thickness of dark
gray shale being less. Opposite the head of Baker Lake the pre-
Cambrian shales and subjacent compact, hard sandstones are thrust
over the Siluro-Devonian, arenaceous limestones.
The relations of the basal conglomerate and the pre-Cambrian are
well shown north of Ptarmigan Peak; also at the north foot of Fort
Mountain.
On the northeast ridge of Mount Temple and northwest of the
Valley of the Ten Peaks the downward section is as follows:
CAMBRIAN CONGLOMERATE
Unconformity
ALGONKIAN
HECTOR FORMATION: Feet
1. Hard, steel gray, siliceous shales in thin lamelle, with inter-
bedded siliceous layers, varying from thin shale to an inch
MESON CRVTRC) a8 oe oe Ae Gels oe oe 145
2) Hlagey, compact, finely arenaceous beds. 2v.¢.....-. 502 eeee 480
3. Greenish, compact, slaty, siliceous shales, with a few thin layers
of hard dove-colored to pinkish limestone. [This is about
the same horizon as the interformational conglomerate in No.
B- OF ther Forty WMiOuntai SCCulOfe ly sites bac scleie e vecpeccee ne 255
430 SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS VOL. 53
4. Shales similar to those of No. 3, with purple and greenish oe
BATS sos: 2 4 (etoin ements Fo he's 2 ate Nee tte ae RS nee oe a ene 65
5. Shales similar to those of No. 3, of a dark-purple color........ 590
6. Massive-bedded conglomerate, with coarse sandstone matrix,
pebbles of white quartz, gray and yellowish buff sandstone,
green siliceous shale, and rolled fragments of a reddish pur-
ple, jaspéry, siliceous rock. /f24 05... ; Seiad eke spleen cere 305
7. Greenish, compact, siliceous, slaty shales The Bow Valley section does
not extend down to the horizon of any massive pre-Cambrian lime-
stone, but the fragments of limestone in the conglomerates of the
Hector formation indicate the presence of subjacent limestones that
were so situated as to be eroded by streams or shore waves when the
sediments of the Hector formation were being deposited.
RESUME
The object of this brief paper is to call attention to the presence
in the Bow Valley, Alberta, of unaltered sedimentary strata of pre-
Cambrian age. They lie unconformably beneath the Cambrian and
are non-fossiliferous, as far as known. The formation names Hec-
tor and Corral Creek are proposed for them, and they are correlated
with the Camp Creek and Kintla-Sheppard series of arenaceous
rocks which lie beneath the Cambrian and above the Siyeh limestone
in Montana, southwestern Alberta, and southeastern British Co-
lumbia.
* Bull. Geol. Soc. America, vol. 17, 1906, p. 18.
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