eerie prior titel iene cia aah SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS VOLUME 57 CAMBRIAN BEQOLOGY AND PALEONTOLOGY II BY CHARLES D. WALCOTT ° yl Ne : A naeTHsoNSe,.| ent hy, ITvt Rt ea INGTON, ve ‘*RYERY MAN IS A VALUABLE MEMBER OF SOCIETY WHO, BY HIS OBSERVATIONS, RESEARCHES, AND BXPERIMENTS, PROCURES KNOWLEDGE FOR MEN ”? __ SMITHSON (PusBLicaTion 2270) CITY OF WASHINGTON PUBLISHED BY THE SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION 1914 The Lord Baltimore Press BALTIMORE, MD., U. S. A. ADVERTISEMENT The present series, entitled ““ Smithsonian Miscellaneous Collec- tions,” is intended to embrace all the octavo publications of the In- stitution, except the Annual Report. Its scope is not limited, and the volumes thus far issued relate to nearly every branch of science. Among these various subjects zoology, bibliography, mineralogy, and anthropology have predominated. The Institution also publishes a quarto series entitled “ Smithso- nian Contributions to Knowledge.” It consists of memoirs based on extended original investigations, which have resulted in important additions to knowledge. CHARLES DD: WALCOLT, Secretary of the Smithsonian Institution. (iii) oN ei‘ Tae. ‘ eda OTe A Ci 7 + . ‘oe i ar ~ ~ re a 4 - r 4 ~ - ' 5.) 10. ite : Watcort, Cuartes D. Abrupt appearance of the Cambrian CONTENTS PAGE Fauna on the North American Continent............ i Published August 18, 1910. Pp. [Title] + 1-16, pl. 1, text fig. 1. (Pub. No. 1940.) Watcott, CuarLtes D. Middle Cambrian Merostomata... 17 April 8, 1911. Pp. [Title] + 17740, pls. 2-7. (Pub. No. 2009.) Wa cott, CHARLES D. Middle Cambrian Holothurians and IMieeaSae: Svar hack Gos -d save lagere span, 53 RMN Aare he tala, eNOS « 4I June 13, 1911. Pp. [Title] + 41-68, pls. 8-13, text figs. 2-6. (Pub. No. 2011.) | WALcoTrT, CHARLES D. Cambrian Faunas of China....... 69 June 17, 1911. Pp. [Title] ++ 69-108, pls. 14-15, text figs. 7, 7a. (Pub. No. 2012.) Watcort, Cuartes D. Middle Cambrian Annelids....... 109 September 4, 1911. Pp. [Title] -++ 109-144, pls. 18-23. (Pub. No. 2014.) Watcott, CHarLtes D. Middle Cambrian Branchiopoda, Malacostraca, Trilobita, and Merostomata........... 145 March 13, 1912. Pp. [Title] + 145-228, pls. 24-34, text figs. 8-10. (Pub. No. 2051.) . Watcott, CHARLES D. Cambro-Ordovician Boundary in British Columbia with Description of Fossils......... 229 March 8, 1912. Pp. [Title] + 229-237, pl. 35. (Pub. No. 2075.) . Watcott, CuarLtes D. The Sardinian Cambrian Genus iene psis imme INCMCd <0. cc. sess wee se eae * 239 March 8, 1912. Pp. [Title] + 230-249, pl. 36. (Pub. No. 2076.) . WatcoTt, CHartes D. New York Potsdam-Hoyt Fauna.. 251 September 14, 1912. Pp. [Title] + 251-304, pls. 37-45. (Pub. No. 2136.) Watcortt, CuHartes D. Group Terms for the Lower and Upper Cambrian Series of Formations.,............ 305 September 16, 1912. Pp. [Title] + 305-307. (Pub. No. 2137.) Watcortt, CHARLES D. New Lower Cambrian Subfauna.. 309 July 21, 1913. Pp. [Title] + 309-326, pls. 50-54. (Pub. No. 2185.) (v) v1 CONTENTS 12. Watcott, CHARLES D. Cambrian Formations of the Rob- son Peak District, British Columbia and Alberta, Canada, Sidi ee tcc eee lea Gronamye atone ie ae 327 July 24, 1913. Pp. [Title] + 327-343, pls. 55-59, text figs. II, 12. (Pub. No. 2186.) 13. Watcott, CHARLES D. Dikelocephalus and other Genera of the Dilcelocephalunse.s$5.2.20c % Secge. ote eae 345 April 4, 1914. Pp. [Title] + 345-412,. pls. 60-70, text figs. 13-20. (Pub. No. 2187.) Index. Pp. 413-498. ILLUSTRATIONS PEATES TO FACE PAGE 1. Map showing distribution of pre-Cambrian Rocks........ 2. Middle Cambrian Merostomata (Sidneyia).............. a. s i " CSIDHEWIG "Ss ne crore oss ae 4. _ « i (Sidneyia) ied: sy seo 5: oe - ‘ (Sidneyia and Amiella).. 6. cs i Trilobita and Merostomata (Neolenus EMMIREM SIO IFE VIG shad rete oe aha ae oo kis cater e ce Slee s 2 7. Cambrian and pre-Cambrian Merostomata (Sidneyia and Deu a repec NEM ene heed: pa Race (ste hye lee nee» 8. Middle Cambrian Medusa and Holothurian (Peytoia and Pe TIECD Pea Benet Sea SS odie) tro, A wo echo aso a0 Pee ears eee g. Middle oe Holothurtansi(eldomig)) 3... 25 -2)5= 10. e (CED ORIG anette trate |tse ig. zs = a CEid oa) toc = aes teee = 12. <5 (GETMORTOW 55. 5,5 tense ald tueges 03. = . (Laggania, Mackenzia, and EO MEINCLI ON eo tat eta ere ke Oia ie) aap tere ost AYsueid avacaye ole etre ems ws 14. Cambrian Faunas of China (Micromitra (Paterina), Lin- gulella, Acrotreta, Orthotheca, Albertella, Stephanocare, Ptychoparia, Ptychoparia (Emmrichella), Crepicephalus, ICTOCE PROGINS, ANG THOUYIG) oo. a's scans «sve so SOM SAY 15. Cambrian Faunas of China (Agraulos, Lisania, Chuangia, Levisia, Anomocare, and Anomocarella).............. 16. Cambrian Faunas of China (Coosia, Asaphiscus, Bathyuris- GRAMS GLCHOPLCUTO) 6 oc wince so no ss pe oe tine ns ous es 17. Cambrian Faunas of China (Anomocare, Anomocarella, and [LEELA IE VeRO cae sea R a as aa 18. oe Eng PRAATUCM VEE (AVE ESIAOUEE Vie apc oa os Sw aeves's eusen 19. “ (Ottoia, Hyolithes, and Sel- REO Eo eee ts s: 5. con's oti eye Gotoh A Fe TROD ola Slee 6 age ah aoe. 20. Middle Cambrian Annulata (Pikaia and Oesia).......... 21, 5 - “ (Wiwaxia, Banfha, and Pol- PECL Aa tS 9 cPLA irr apne eR ER POS Re eae os sealer Bw A ae 22. Middle Cambrian Annulata (Planolites, Worthenella, Amis- Ps cirgsMm ATVs) EFOTD) Raeret eee ee cae chet 08 5 5 5/8 Sieytevertn! ola 0 4-5 40 58 60 62 66 68 102 104 106 108 134 140 viii 22. 24. 25. 26. Bz 28. 29. 30. 25. 32. 33. 34. 35: 36. 37: 38. 39- 40. 4I. 42. 43. 45. 46. 47. 48. 49. ILLUSTRATIONS Middle Cambrian Annulata (Canadia and Aysheaia)...... 144 Middle Cambrian Crustaceans (Neolenus, Ptychoparia, Mollisonia, and: Fontoi@)s tne. i bb spd eee eee 208 Middle Cambrian Crustaceans (Marrella)............... 210 = a x (Marrella) ws 5.1. 2G ee 212 Middle Cambrian Crustaceans (Burgessia, Waptia, and OPabinid)) sti ssl 6 bu: 50- 5 SE eee Lt ee 214 Middle Cambrian Crustaceans (Opabinia, Nathorstia, and INGERMOUTY SCD ae cue een yi nue oe ene ale oe eee 216 Middle Cambrian Crustaceans. (Molaria, Habelia, and VORGtEy— seco pupae PR aa he ae eee 218 Middle Cambrian Crustaceans (Bidentia, Emeraldella, and BUY SOSSUOY. | oc cas. aiceyn sa alt es AO Cele Se 220 Middle Cambrian Crustaceans (Hymenocaris and Lean- Chota) oie. hehe dap DOOR ee eee 222 Middle Cambrian Crustaceans (Aymenacan® Fieldia, and ELUPAGA) oon 0 5 'on cts owt ee teal Shae ee 224 Middle Cambrian Crustaceans (Carnarvonia and Tuzoia).. 226 if ‘ “¢ (Hurdia, Odaraia, and Ano- INGLOCOTES ):0 0:20 she oe TURE te aro ae nea doel eae i < 228 Brachiopods and Trilobites (Lingulella, Obolus, and Cera- LOPN RC) oe, ae tee. oe ee ee ee ‘aaa eee 236 Trilobites: ( Olenopsis) 924-2732 ee oe nee eee 248 Cryptozsoon prahiferum. Tlallt ye cee cen: 22 6 eee eee 280 Trawlof Annelid-(Chmachchnites).-.. 025 7-2. ee ee 282 re ~ (CHMACHChMteSs).. Siee tance: 465 dee eee 284 Balke 2" \CCiimachHich nies) ne wie et a ie ee 286 Potsdam-Hoyt Fauna (Lingulella, Tr tblidium, Pelagiella, and MMatherelia). .o6 <2 teteuas inet cote, eas nce eee 288 Fetes: Hoyt Pauna(Matihevie): .. cpa0 ota 4 eee 290 e “— (Paleacmea, Hyolithellus, Hvyoli- thes, Lonchocephalus, Agraulos, Piychaspis, and Pty- CNO POTD) essai sso ska bah eee Oe ee 292 . Potsdam-Hoyt Fauna (Dikelocephalue Conokephalina, Pagodta, and Piychoparia) .. 3m. ae: «ene ee 294. Legs of Trilobites (Neolenus serratus). - =. Soe 2096 Tracks of Trilobites (Protichmies). 2. <7. .5-o ewes ee 208 Bee ee i (Protichniies) acc ..5 20 se eee ee 300 asia ‘ (Pratichattes)cso-i paces eee ee 302 et ‘ (Protichnites) °.. < sek Seen 304 50. Bate 52. 53. 54. 55: 50. 57: 58. 59- 60. 61. 2: 62. 65. 66. 67. 68. 69. 70. Fig. ILLUSTRATIONS 1x Brachiopoda (Lingulella and Mickwitzia)...........+..- 318 ns (CUMGRIOUIO) ae asics a500 2 5 MM eRe ops eee 320 e WWackwizia and Obolella).. . 2.0002 65 +3 ote 322: Trilobita (Callama and. Wannerta): 2. co. s ewe eee 324 ? CHolana and Olenellusyi nae a emis he sss ee ns 326 Fig. 1. Robson Peak District. (Panoramic view from Shio Point, looking down Moose River Valley).......... 334-335 Fig. 2. Robson Peak District. (Panoramic view of Tah Peak, Mahto Mountain, and Calumet Creek)....... 334-335 Fig. 1. Robson Peak District. (Looking south across Calu- Mich Cre and Hats) a ea,. ua cite aro. Ley Wee 336-337 Fig. 2. Robson Peak District. (Looking southwest from South slope ot Mahto Mountain)... 2 220% a. hc ties 336-337 Fig. 1. Robson Peak District. (View from south slope of MMO Wctiia LAND.) er. Ayefead oP eats Geek Atte ao. nat obo ng Skee xs 338-339 Fig. 2. Robson Peak District. (View from southwest slope Oia litkanay beaks lo@kaine SOUL) 9 i.c6 one «oases 338-339 Fig. 1. Robson Peak District. (Panoramic view of the Robson massif from the ridge south of Mumm Heat ah Re acre ese: osc DLabe, hse Gat cic ip Mt axe jen thi to os on ajia'ey 340-341 Fig. 2. Robson Peak District. (Panoramic view of the Robson massif and adjoining mountains)........... 340-341 Figs. 1 and 2. Robson Peak District. (Panoramic view of Whtteale Gta @ler ) gt .rk dn «aire ew Fis oa mul eso as © aveueenans 342-343 Dikelocephalus minnesotensis Owen..........0600e0en ee 392 Dikelocephaline (Dikelocephalus and Saukia)........... 394 x CP ROADCE PHOIUS WE, ci os see lee rlmea ero AC 396 s Ci RelOCEPNOIUS).. H28 face wie sem oe teas 398 - (Dikelocephalus, Saukia, Calvinella, and CO Gc RECOIL VOD ne 9 rents ok ars, Ses Mic Sew aah 2. aero Igoe ome 400 See (Saukia and Dikelocephalus) ..........-. 402 (Dikelocephalus and Saukia)........... 404 : CSR JO dts kere Preeti okies ain fe 2 aes 406 s (Conokephalina, Osceolia, and Calvinella). 408 e CSiOREREE, ) 5 roi ce testa Shea avn) ais Kos a evais.o's, a88"=: 410 % CGalzinella and: S GwRig ns..0 aos Gen sae 412 TEXT FIGURES 1. Theoretical profile of North American continent...... 10 2. Diagrammatic reconstruction of imagined primitive (bre Hint OZ OIE ATICESLOR 2% oictalhi amined vio. dslior dus. o! ayaa 43 Hic: Pures: ILLUSTRATIONS 3. Diagrammatic reconstruction of imagined Dipleurula ANCESTOLS sia siin.4.'o Kee Mardis (eb eae ea eee te choke te: creer 43 4. Diagrammatic reconstruction of imagined primitive Holothuman ty peracetic eae 44 5. Eldonta Iudwigi, new speciess eae ae bee ee oe 47 6. Synapiula*hyrdriformis (Cuesseur) 2.4.84 Gone noes: 54 7, 70. Levis Masuta; Mew SPpECiese..4 oan eee eee 87 8. Emeraldellabrocks, new species (Lo. . decison 204 9. Emeraldella micrura, néw species!/gs. iss eee 205 10: Sidneyia inex pectans Walcottys <..4) tesa te. ee 206 11. Near view of Tah Peak, Robson-Peak District. so5e-- 330 12. Robson Peak from northwest slope of Mahto Mountain. 331 12-16... Saukia. coloradoeusts, mew. species. "2a scsee nee 376 17) SOUkiG, fund, New, Species. 20. . Soe eee ee 378 18-20.. Saukia rustica, New. Species .. Ai eee eee ee ae 383 INDEX The references in heavy-faced type refer to the locality numbers and the pages upon which the genera and species are described and figured. PAGE abaris, see Agraulos and Inouyia. abderus, see Menocephalus and Solenopleura. ; “ Abrupt appearance of Cambrian fauna on North American continent”. 1 acalle, see Agraulos and Inouyia. acantha, see Menocephalus and Solenopleura. acidalia, see Menocephalus and Solenopleura. Acidaspis, compared with Marrella (footnote) .............0cccc eee eeee 162 PlienOLnele mlistedmnl stratlonapiic, SeCHOMs sna eee cme: cele eile tects cles cles eie ere 3377 SPaUINnGt listed MMuSinatloGAplhiCISeCtlOMleeaceme sieecie eels ee cies 330 Pequisted.. Tron IGCAlity, AOEB. oc clos te seed corhic «oe newe tine sistas 359 Acrotreta cf. depressa Walcott, listed in stratigraphic section........... B77, idahoensis Walcott, compared with Acrotreta venia.............. 75 listedmnromplOocalityae2OWAal rr ee cest tiecat cil ciowrs ee eine) orcielolee 350 cf. sagittalis Salter, listed in stratigraphic section............. 336, 337 shantungensis Walcott, compared with Acrotreta*venia........... 75 spinosa Walcott, listed trom locality 162). 2.0. 06.022 esol e ne as aes 361 wena NValcott. lew, species) described. .2....c2sc00e2 cess as0ossine 75 figured, pl. 14, figs. 4, 4a.. : et ae he FO? compared with Acrotreta Ey nee aise Wealeot ENO TS eee 75 Acrotreta idahoensis (Walcott).......... SO Sas NNN 75 Histea a CambirianwnatnasrOr liitanr ccs. costae aceite se] ieee 2 SHeRUInGiemistedminesubatlonraphiice section. « osescenss aerin rece ae cisie« 336 PETC Aaa LG eh SAMICG 4-f.,> semiee oa'ed,«)¢ 4 eiaver ox Sein wars lela woe oma ait oe 45 fROTMONV Oc Ces Carnal ievtalny are ocr cllsyerete everareletaeiovees lero eta oats er erereye 43 acuminata, see Lingulella (Lingulepis). acuminatus, see Obolus (Lingulepis). mMdamss Lill Nevada, sUpper Cambrian locality 62)..-....:...--.+s----+< 361 Adirondack Mountains, New York, geographic distribution of Dikelo- GEPILGILES AMIN areca) sede rare eietarets th aie said otis eet soci 3604 Rotsdamesanastonevexposed! immeeiaeceias meiocien es aces: 252 Adolphus Lake, Robson Peak district, locality described..-............. 328 adrastia, see Levisia and Menocephalus. affinis, see Euloma. agenor, see Agraulos and Levisia. Berar eh Gere UG cai icetty Sar or sats cnr ot eoeate cies tse Slee etd ol Pmenel irae tale a7d) stecev avd Toles? apne wse's 200 GLASS CAtlO tater sa cio verre re rere ciewterene tare wre storie a aal stots 155 IPmmer ala cliageGererued TOM rari merece te a nice ee eles is vias 203 BOSsIDle Selation Of ‘TriODIte tO. sis ioe. ste nists 338 albion, see Anomocarella. alcon, see Dorypygella and Teinistion. PN tlletatpeeerG CLITELO MelOl gts .o cvorcketeve cher ales ckoutt toner verte eyelets @ Se ae wiersiiewuouetch «fee 4 HOLMALONSy Olublitre den (SECLIOM) rae eyeterete aitctererseiee velo 1c < era eevelercie eels 4 HOSStlS MCONGUSIOMesiiéOMm OCCULLETCC epee erat sinilclevereie eh otevere elec ai ote 14 TEM EEA ln elee © CULL c Milas sae racer oneness tele tale ta ees otter e othe ose soustefetince eee odoushel si 155 locahitg XxAy a wityin ligtestonme, Mo mtamea fot. ar;tiwie ie sina leei, #70) sieleyn 40 TAZ Continental iides Albetitaeracesiace sociec «one siee «yee 40 416 INDEX - Algonkian—Continued. PAGE Robson district stratioraphiGrsectionen ee tiete nee eener eters 341 rocks, deposited in fresh- or brackish-water seas.................. 3 FOLMaAtiONS.OLeNOLiheAmenicames jenna ner ieieeeise Sao Obigin “GT ater, (2.6 sia neem eeok ee ae ies Ce ae en act 6 seas, epicontinental, ilhistrated, text fis. Laan «2 deen eee: 10 sedimentary rocks of Atlantic Coast region, terrigenous origin of.. 3 time, extent “of, withdrawal! (of Seas... 6.06% saesn Bote ee ewe 12 theoretical iprohle: aw. emk ae eee oe ee eee 10 Alimentaty canal: species preserving ..!.J<-k a nacae eee cen eeeieae 160 Allan, John A., cited in reference to “ Cambro-Ordovician boundary ” CEOGEN GEE) Haan etecccsiet terete tete hte eeneete ot eee 220 detailed survey hy ssa sd. cai be oe Sak Bald eee San ac eee eee eee 230 exploration! ‘mentioned’ .24 9 oats s ia ne oe cee eee see Seer 220 allani, see Lingulella. alternans, see Protichnites. Aityn limestone, collection’ of Beliima frem, ..6:2...c0cee eae ee 21 Montana, Algonkian locality I4y.............. aig et ee ae 40 Aluta bergeroni (Walcott) (= Bradoria bergeroni Walcott), present and former generic reference %. «20. -aoswene sees 70 enyo (Walcott) (—Bradoria enyo Walcott), present and former generic Leference, c.ca2te ce ees. Sere ee 70 eris (Walcott) (=Bradoria eris Walcott), present and former MENEKIC P HELETENCE octaves dee aoehehisky cee 70 fragilis (Walcott) (= Bradoria fragilis Walcott), present and for- Mer \MENETIC FELEFENCE os now h.tase lease ee 70 sterope (Walcott) (=Bradoria sterope Walcott), present and FOLFIMET FELERENCES scicsloce au coche eee 70 qwoodi (Walcott ). (= Bradoria woodi Walcott), present and former Generic Telerenmee. .M4. ees os aeeee eee 70 americana, see Arethusina. americanus, see Olenopsis. Ami, Henry M,, generic name given in honoft of }..255.5.. «senda sumer 27 Amelia \NValcott, new scenusedescribedsn een aste ciel tnene eee 2a Characterized... cA hiro ee eee eee okt Daren 158 compared with Sidneyia, Pterygotus, and Eurypterus........ 27 GiSGusseds ch.2e Ha yO ages dere eae tee eo ONG Cee rei 19 SenOty Pen 4 Ella sOPNALA mene setae ee Rae eee 27 representine Nierostoniatay spices ae cee recent 155 mentioned! ” oe ssece es 70 biston (Walcott) (=Anomocare biston Walcott), pueceat and fOnmern Genero meleKencesc jesse oe ae eee eee 70 lavriaas NNleNkeoins, fxenoinyine Cu JEN lean go aboo bobo bol pde iodo lode oo mne 82 (= Lisania bura (Walcott)), former and present generic GERETCTIG CAN ATS See recite cies ues oie Dc eevee 70 butes (Walcott) (= Anomocare ? butes Walcott), present and fOLMer Generic TERETEMCe! Ws «6 clei oe.cce eee oe 70 carme Walcott (=Coosia carme (Walcott)), former and present PENEHISMMETEHEMCE eraoices ani sto Aaieiineraee eisterore arene 70 chinensis Walcott (= Anomocare commune Lorenz), present and fornmen eeneric, referencesa.ced..ascnec ocde ee 70 compared with Anomocarella smithti...........0..c00+s00e 04 Selobype Qh eAMOMOCAT CHA. jetta anton ales oe clneit gots siete se OI comus (Walcott) (=—Ptychoparia comus Walcott), present and former generic rekerences-6. .aseceaees easel 6s as contigua Walcott (= Anomocarella albion Walcott), former and present generic reference ..........0.00.c0000: 70 hermias Walcott, new species described...............-00ceeeeeee 92 AEGIS Cee leemic IT OORT eys seatele a croltn tah atede cists ave aa oe atom tomntoe 104 lictedem@ambiiane raison «litany cieeias ancien ces 73 AUCHTeN Alcott. mew species, described: seeaiaadei was sv cwees «ce saae 92 eee Cap lens G ef eal Teme UN C= Derren nian oi ocanseeycireich eae ie eres choles 104 compared with Anomocarella tatian (Walcott)............ 92 ligwecl, (Catrmorneha steyeiaele vont (Clibhahs 6sqna0cacupacnuce cho opade 73 onusta Whitfield, listed from Eau Claire formation................ 358 owent Meek and Hayden, listed from locality 20%a................ 359 smirny Walcott new species described: os... -tes0.... + scauaseaceeses 92 Tine Uap lee pend CIS 3s kS Gk. aus e attic eae arian amore OS GCHATACTERIZE GED sacle tice eee a SO he Me enh women oI compared with Anomocarella chinensis.........0..000e0008 04 CUTANE TT SIONS te pet saree tots Tae ot rete micate aval v aha uel oie dans fos oust averss See ia Teter 04 listed, "Camsibrian fatnias “Ore © Wig tee ek ops Gic stasis nts Glas ee 5.216 73 speciosa (Lorenz) (—=Anomocare speciosum Lorenz), present and fOnmMer Penernicune rere Cer...) icicle «eat 70 subrugosa (Walcott) (=—Ptychoparia (Liostracus) subrugosa Walcott), present and former generic reference. 72 420 INDEX Anomocarella—Continued. PAGE tatian (Walcott) (=—Anomocare tatian Walcott), present and TORMET, CENEKICs GeLCRENCes jae be re iniacnseret 70 compared with Anomocarella macar..........ecceeeecceees 92 temenus (Walcott) (= Anomocare temenus Lorenz), present and former ‘wenerig reference. 2). oat. tn oie eee 70 (= Anomocare temenus Walcott), present and former ge- MERIC MELEPENCE tio erthe eetel tae ateeeeEe 70 tenes (Walcott) (—Ptychoparia tenes Walcott), present and for- mer generic TEferenCes oe ose ve ns 66 + asks mies ae 72 thraso (Walcott) (=Ptychoparia (Liostracus) thraso Walcott), present and! former generic reference... 72 toxeus (Walcott) (=—Ptychoparia (Liostracus) toxeus Walcott), present and former generic reference.......... 72 trogus (Walcott) (=—FPtychoparia (Liostracus) trogus Walcott), present and former generic reference.......... 72 tutia (Walcott) (=Ptychoparia (Liostracus) tutia Walcott, pres- ent and former generic reference.............. 72 undata (Walcott) (= Ptychoparia undata Walcott), present and TORMED SENEKIC FeLerences.a-hee eee eee 72 ? winona (Hall), listed from Eau Claire formation................ 358 woosteri (Whitfield) listed from Eau Claire formation............ 358 Anostraca Calman; “onder mameds accel site oor ce Eaters 166 ClaSSthCAtOM”.Of wen a oie tate heroes ere besarte ee Ee eee 154 foreshadowed! by Burgess shale faunas... 25-5 s+ ee eile 165 in Gambritan tine ce. 6 Meee ete oa erences enone LOS no true shellantone ys A. poe ee coe ores ince Po eee eee 157 recent species of, compared with Opabinia................5- 169 HelS@Il VAcekacren sae a aece ote sie cee ie Prone ee eee Stan ee crete cree Ee 157 Antenna) Srancinopodanandm\vinlacosthacderey oreo einen ere 150. Antennules, Branchiopodavand Malacostracase. sce. 22. erie eer 159 antiquata, see Owenella. angelina, see Bathyurus. Apatocephalus, listed in stratigraphic-section.....0...0:...00.-5:504- eee 336 species reterred to; by, BLOg Ger. sess emieaecete see eee 366 ? (= Brogger, 1897), Hall and Whitfield’s species of Dikelo- cephalus srererredutO.ceee sete peo 366 finalis’ (Walcott), listed’ from) locality 20tavans-e- ee ceeea 359 Aphrodite, compared with Wiwaxia Corrugatd.......0.c. scence seen 1230 eaA Aphroditide, compared with’ Canadidzs Walcott.-e 4. ares eer 118 recent annelids of, compared with Climactichnites.......... 261 aphrodites, see Letmonice. Apodide\Apus and other genera Ofc... ice erie oe eee enemies 162 compared with BurgzessiaVellds. case eee eer eect 179, 180 preservation of ........ weisitia hada de htle Oe EEC 166 remarkable adaptationot eceee ceded on eee see ee eer 165 theoretical ancestral stock correlated with.................. 163 Appalachian region, Saukia in Cambro-Ordovician limestones of........ 362 Appendages, ‘described and discussed. sic. ee ek oo ae eas ee 158-160 ot Neolenus and Piychoparia .:o.-se-c oa eee ee eee 190 Se ae INDEX A2I Pere RCM isles SEIT Gya OL ne eats vis oe iw'o is oe Haceier aj se a Me seavayd wim ee dieslowe's oe haele 162 compared with Marrella splendens~.- 4. s.cenccse seo vs oss 192 DALLA OMA Ome ee Len iene Saray na ote steel oteiore Seen ros aie ies Stet ore 162 POSTEH OR PSEEIMEN TS Ol aaewy Ac a Mee oe eraeaine Doe nto Vestine 159 Separated einonneBUrGesSias voce «ee chine alo sieladies osccein see 162-163 LETT Me CamMn ne Seta cer erat Meare Toes wee cle whe sie: eotke IOI PNEGHEC TIME OLA plex Mm CISCIISSE CM eretaic. crave hicisbus cool siciers clare Sictee idee auk je eodloe die camels 4 PeREntINelicc., NOSSibilitye: OF MMMGIME So .)sacte sack ora cewscsssaecseeees des III Arenicolites woodi Whitfield, listed from Jordan formation.............. 355 Arethusina ? americana Walcott, listed from locality 62...............4. 361 listed= rom locality: GGU. vata neaiaaks a5 oS Se ee es oe tos ents 362 Artonellus, a synonym for Agraulos (footnote) ........... 0.00 e cece eee 80 ajax Walcott (== Lisania ajax (Walcott) ), former and present ge- NEFICEECTELEN CEM. ora eer rtincie amare nine eA nie Siete 70 alala Walcott (=Lisania alala (Walcott)), former and present PENEHICH FELETENCE aeolian sce Sete ane aes eee 70 bipunctatus Shumard ?, referred to Conaspis (footnote).......... 358 ReMMAIARICMES CT oGISCHE SEU 2 fetsa ae rae aoc eae cise a eGcde 21a a Pe ea aie tle a adiecoie 3 armata, see Leperditia. armatus, see Agraulos, Bathyurus, and Inouyia. Asaphelina, included by Beecher under Dikelocephaline................. 347 miqueli, referred by Bergeron to the Asaphide..................4. 347 IEE MPC HIME CEN ae are 2 oe cos a Sie wok Marek. Sate kiln ota ob ORES A 196 Asaphiscus iddingst Walcott, new species described...............000000- 99 HOI CM len sl Omens RS eae eters etter) 5 fe ero ara tected hale ara aie 106 compared with Asaphiscus wheeleri Meek..............2000 IOI CLEMETI ST OMIG MED tee cao ary MER Oe oSINS Aare ere alco rane ale nh d 100 listed Eambirianesihatinas: Of Chinas. seseen cee ate cons 72 Asaphiscus wheeleri Meek, compared with Asaphiscus iddingsi.......... IOI Asaphus, Dikelocephalus first referred to, by Owen..............0.000005 305 Mentioned under stratiorapiic SeCHOM... sce ceases os ee 336 caribouensis Walcott, listed from locality 201a...............0005 350 PIGiINGEPNalasma mi emtd Ole Ui wns. cle. Sfots Asters Ses sete ieee ee 3 race tes 190 asiaticus, see Bathyuriscus. BMS Het Cie taf soa He) Atl Gig Coe Cale Os eves oisior reiterate eed a ae ee Nios 160 atava, see Lingulella. Atlantic coast region, Algonkian rocks of, terrigenous origin of.......... 3 atlantica, see Obolella. Auricularia, simplest larval form of Holothurioidea..................... 4A aurifera, see Palmyra. aurora, see Obolus (Westonia). auroralis, see Triarthrella. Ausable Chasm, New York, Upper Cambrian locality 77..............262-304 Aylmer sandstone, Chazy apparent association with Hoyt limestone...... 253 SPE CLES pilatile Cie) sre eave elcvate eis creicle Sree oe Oo A ERon CRECRICE ORCI ciao 253 Awshecapbealercenenc tame derived et rOilssrtatrie seme ce ene scree sane es os 117 Aysheaia Walcott, new genus described...........cccccecccccccccccccces 116 SEUOLY PENA V CECI: PEAUILCUIGLGxcraeloicris eiiieie ceo ole aicioieie eee ee eee) 116 SEOrnaAphicecdistHibUtlONl onc cee Meee deteses eine oes eects deneakitee my StLakioraplicwhanGe, «meters wer Nen catesine cia detae iar woe eie eee een naa Lz, 422 INDEX PAGE Aysheaia pedunculata Walcott, new species described..............eee0e- 117 figured: pl: 23, Tig S.O) nw cs.2 icc aiveiani ie ho elsies eee ee 144 associated. with. Otfetd Prolific «.cvcelesu-ce tea Woe aeee va eee aes 117 stratigraphic paesition and Association’... .\. 221.4 ose dotenc. ae + 153 -Aysheaide Walcott, new family described and discussed.............06. 116 Baldy Mountain, Texas, Upper Cambrian locality 7oa................... 359 Banff, Alberta, generic: name derived, from. J2i04:6).e ee eee 130 Banfia Walcott; new 2enus described .o: cick sek 1 eee. eee eee 130 SEVOLy PC eH AM [Ula COMSTMIGLO teas eee ee ARE ene eee Seatac 130 geographic distribution ............ ins Pras ATA eto wes ok Cee 130 Straticraphiceranse st: ..oo4)\0. ieee anna ae ine eee 130 tentatively referred to new, famuly Qttoide........2...0eees 128 fefterred) tothe (Gephytea ead. sien, societal 130 constricta Walcott, new species described.................eeee0ee 130 figtinedpl.21, mosh. Oso) .lae eee win coe ae 140 GIMMENSIONS. «cic 5, ao;c aegee lt are wees laa eiheas ee ee 131 compared with Miskoia preciosa and Ottoia prolifica........ 131 grandis, stratigraphic position and association..............0ee00. 153 barabuensis, see Dikelocephalus, Platycolpus, and Synirophia. Barn Bluff (=La Grange Mountain), Minnesota, Upper Cambrian lo- Calliity: SENS inc ehecae adeci noone ae Cee eee 360 barrandei, see Aglaspis. Barrell, Joseph, bibliographic references. . 08. cose sca ioe ee eee 15 cited on continental origin of Algonkian rocks.............. 8 on, red=coloned) deposits aaciaan scare eee eee 6 Bartch, P:, fossils’ collected yjester s-s1. 8 eee ts eee ce oe ee 371 batia, see Chuangia and Ptychoparia. Bather, F. A., correction refereme ltos..s2hn cee - foe eee eee eee 148 Bathyuriscus asiaticus Lorenz (= Dolichometopus deois Walcott), for- mer and present generic reference.............. 70 howelli Walcott, compared with Bathyuriscus manchuriensis..... 99 manchuriensis Walcott, new species described...............00005 97 Hered, pl. *1G; fe. Avewcic sae arcuches oh Ae oe keene Ce 106 compared with Bathyuriscus howelli and B. productus...... 99 listed aCaimbuianehattnas ot «hina acer eerie tetera 73 productus (Hall and Whitfield), compared with Bathyuriscus man- CHUTVEW SES. CS Selet ota ote kes OO Ee 99 rotundatus (Rominger), associated with Mollisonia symmetrica... 197 sp. undt., listed in stratigraphic Section); jee tmaeme eee tae 338 Bathyurus cf. angelina Billings, from Aylmer sandstone, named and dis- cussed) cage eee is Bh ee eee eee 253 armatus (Billings) (= Agraulos), synonymic reference........... 269 baubo, see Dikelocephalus and Ptychaspis. Beauharnois, Canada, discussion of Protichnites from................0. 277 Upper (Cambrian localitvys 220 beeper eeeE eee eee 261-300 becki, see Triarthrus. Beecher, C. E., cited on S7rabops, thachert.)..ca.modeneiee te ene ee 19 constitution. of Dikelocephalincey. cseeen eee eee 366 Order Hypoparia .. ... a. c.ntede a eh one eee eee 195 INDEX . 423 PAGE belenus, see Lisania and Menocephalus. bella, see Burgessia and Lingulella. Bellerophon sp. undt., listed in stratigraphic section.................0.. 336 belli, see Dikelocephalus. Belt, Algonkian, Robson district, stratigraphic section................. 341 BCIERSCIICS Mb OW ERiver llamo meal bettas cers ci cei cieceys tcl oe ekorsiels clare auevere 340 CISCUSSEC Mere tree testa ete aera seitelo cinerea cies sects eeteree rete 4 Mietiemronimation: pre-Cambirianh eee soe s oe cease asic 340 Montana ands British “Columbia, detned......0.- 0.5020 ARES Montana Albertaand Britishy Columbia. a...ee6-oe+e ees ae 13 Beltina, compared with Sidneyia imexpectans........... ere ccececencceecs 21 connection with Merostome fauna of Silurian............... 19 link between Merostomata and Ziphosuride................ 165 OCCULRLEMCe Ries MLE Catnliniatiersercssie ce cdetelcte ci eka cetera cromeie eis aiere rs 162 Belated to Pierygotus and EBurypterus. .... 26.2000 sve- conse 21 ton MinddlesCambrianemerostOmesiin. 10-25 sce eee: 21 GHEPLESentine, sMieErOStOInata esta seme onaactele eueisie oele eae esi seisve ee 155 LUTON Alcott RCISCUSSECis 1. ert aici nai ciel aan iciec ekaeeie aioe oehetele.we 21 ALO UEC Comp MG RTOS BED ot karte tcons tenis acre arena naie rele nets vera sie S 40 belus, see Conocephalina and Solenopleura. bere seake, Robson Peak district locality described... :....<-..5+.+--5-0% 328 MUSE Rate Camm Is gait Oem liers, ariberonaivore te cusneve elas ov aiciois herein 165 TCH) Sma eWiS Me CLES md ESCHIDEUcrmteys tae erotics csc sical ncvaiete eriete acer 174 ATT Clef ees Oem Oa Merge Pat aye oe) Sy ce fons fay eves Sle deiol NCU SER eee oN: 220 AP PEMO ACES Mears Merete otha dake harass che eta ac ahs ie ec era 174 compared witheemeraldella brOckt. so... saeco ele. 174 Waptia fieldensis.. aeRO TAN TET CoN Niece one Lg stratigraphic position aaa ASSOCIAMOM «spree sapaels ine eo seer: 153 bigsbyi, see Anomocare and Anomocarella. Allinose beebtutte named i onorsotenae cmd ciekas ceels oe seiie cleats sihic deere 331 Ciedminwdiscussionson iaOMGhnites a1.sc sane soem: 276, 277 DiRengcepialusmAsedtscussed sbyeppecicn ieee maee ace eee cs 305 Billings Butte (= Extinguisher), Robson Peak district.................- 331 MUSE mle, Bs neon eDiota atte ca SToiP ale 2 o.chegern alae lasek 38 338-339 DIMES SmaIOAED is cok reie erent Wnty tats PO itt? on 340-341 TL CVV gap TIAL © sme yeyecs egrlcepsnc vals yaqsus ole sen EM rae W ans «ies sinies es Sieur evs 332 424 INDEX PAGE Billingsella coloradoensis (Shumard), association of, with Conokephalina. 362 ieted trom Ean Claire formeaion ee pee aoe eee eee eee 358 frome hranconian LOGman Ons ytemine «ei oe ieee 357 from locality (goa, Usietin 2. cnc tel ag ere ee 359 from” localityit7 S444. econ oti eee eae 361 with: St (hawrence, tatitia.c ee eer eo eens 356 billingsi, see Hungia. Billingsia, Matherella saratogensis previously referred to...............- 204 saratogensis, listed from “ Saratogian,’ Hoyt quarry.............. 253 bilobatus, see Dikelocephalus. bilobus, see Pterygotus. binodosa, see Ptychoparia., bipunctata, see Conaspis. bipunctatus, see Arionellus. biston, see Anomocare and Anomocarella. Blackfoot ‘terrane: thickness. O£:* ...ic+on-e odes soon eee Dee eee 6 Black River-Trenton limestone, horizon of as indicated by Millers cit. 255 Blackwelder, Eliot, collection made by, referred to.........2...c00.e00+- 69 Blackwelderia alastor (Walcott) (= Dorypygella alastor Walcott), pres- ent and former generic reference.............- aa cilix (Walcott) (= Olenoides ? cilix Walcott), present and former @eneric MrefEerence’s..u.kh accemoeine eee OEE 71 sinensis (Bergeron) (= Calymene ? sinensis Bereroe) present and. former Penleric rekerences..cactem nce eee aa (= Olenoides leblanci Bergeron), present and former generic TEFENENCE Aa aot eo eeae eee preteens ee nees a (= Stephanocare sinensis Monke), present and former ge- NETIC TELErENCe) go sc ned bake ae au oat TB Blairstown, New Jersey, fauna of “ Kittatinny ” limestone............... 255 Blue Glacier, Robson Peak district, illustrated, pl. 58, fig. I........... 340-341 TERED MISSED eee ete. Sete eee eres siaratel Matai) CaTENG 331 borealis, see Wimanella. Bohemilla stupenda Barrande, thorax of Mollisonia, recalls............. 196 Bornemann, cited on \Oleno pists 2: cn candace ne meted as Pacts ae erate 240, 241 Bosworth formation, comparative stratigraphic sections................. 343 Skankin, acchetsreyoMe SCN. co dane crovocdGacuonaoe tre ee Bosworth section, comparative stratigraphic section.................... 343 Companrisonrion swith RobsSOnWSeCHonnrene. qe aeeteeeeenee 342 Kickinewiblorse: “Passi routesaacssee sen coco OEE eee 341 Slimmarnry, eStratienapmicy SeCtOnla lamest sete eee erent 342 bosworthi, see Albertella. 3 Bow River Laggan, Albertay Belteseries. oe een ae ce eee eee eee 340 Brachiopoda*, listed from Potsdam-Hoyt fauna.. i aR S Aeros te Bradoria bergerom Walcott (= Aluta bergerom (Walcott) ), Rested and present generie reference.) 20S aks eee eee 70 enyo Walcott (= Aluta enyo (Walcott)), former and present ge- néric -reference’ % vases. sii eee eee 70 eris Walcott (= Aluta eris (Walcott) ), former and present generic refenenGe - > om 168 Peemchiovoda classificatign. OL) cacexc sors Wace eae cai a att Awe Sekar slds wes 154 Apodidz of, compared with Burgessia bella..............++- 179 IBAG vAOIe, HOSS, THOEMAGl jie) Aosucauoosccbuo seen dead nduor 13 Bidentia difficilis nearer to Merostomata than to............ 174 BURGESS IGM ems ict sero hoe onesie t Soe een ake Sleiems cide manele asks 163 GanabpianeGescendantsnoteccine ninocneeeoen tee decision teen: 166 GESCEM EO Mas haere ei ies eiaicclstesclaeiee ia eeietS seule eine teeta tele 160-161 development disCussedwe pienso kennel orton nee seein 163 foreshadowed by Burgess shale fauna.....................- 165 Sefichayina the | Gamp hiathen sas hasrals Warn rock civic eieines eevee se 157 OrethexondereAMosthacar vaccines wotteels cele Sacieiesies wala oslo. 165 relations of, to Leptostraca, Malacostraca, Trilobita, and Mierostomlataresects sie icinien oiacrslo masa ties Gere taeia- ss) 163 Serormaye mish WtST ay aie) ol (nol eee cael eucid C ero ome IRE OSC CRORES 158 STD Claas SHEP Nr iota ca eter or roe are aie oe 148, 153, 166 GU tay vic lan ene seer ee SRT ae eevee eine Ret tare ero tnaee oS nacusie ial one Sees 165 TRIESTE KORELECG I Aa Arn io ee ackco enon Oana CES DTIC EROERCHCR GC RERE cree Mats Ete 155 and Valacostraca, compared wath, Waptideer. cc .s.-cshec sss ss0 asec 180 Branchipus, specimens flattened between glass plates..................-. 169 vernalis Verrill, compared with Opabinia regalis...............-- 168 Baainer ye cited onmname.~ Saratoga”. 4.6520 daeews ce sleeves on 256, 306 breviceps, see Conocephalites. Bripeerekance, locality. 5m.) Montana (rootmote)mns-..- +52 os. -5 56-45 391 aise Couminibian, CambriaieseCtl Onsen aie cic se teres eve vig nie oe steye wines 2 owerseGambrian localities 57t:and 5SQa..55555.-544-4 75.6 = 242 Lower Ordovician, Goodsir, formation.........5...--...231-234 MiddlesCambrianelocalitys shkence osc seceie oe ec 42-68, I10-144 Mount Stephen, Middle Cambrian locality 14s............. 136 GQECUERENCE TOT, OLA OP Sus i tersyose x ais ¢ cisue © vere wl wale ote elo inainte 240 Ogygopsis shale, Stephen formation, Middle Cambrian..... 17-38 SPECIMENS AOLm DeLMM@s LEOM- sinc eimcteie eae clerics rae nie. 2I Upper Cambrian locality 346e near Donald Station......... 368 brizo, see Dikelocephalus and Ptychaspis. Brock, R. W., Director of Geological Survey, Canada, acknowledgments.. 204 brockt, see Emeraldella. Brogger, W. C., study of Dikelocephalus by, mentioned.................. 347 reference of Dikelocephalus to other species by............ 366 Bréggeria, see Obolus. bromus, see Ptychoparia (Emmrichella). ERO olcw Ven Kea binltooranhic reference. cccmicls em cne dete eelccises oe aaa ciclee 15 hy NOEMESis si Cited terse centre aioe oo atisieie wivtartomracks ws 2 EGON ea Mes Ossil SuCOMected Dye ants nciclscieel otis cleire el sisters clevsiors)s qe.¢ .¢.00hpere 371 buchruckeri, see Shantungia. 426 INDEX PAGE bullata, see Pemphigaspis. bura, see Anomocarella and Lisania. burea, see Proampyx and Ptychoparia (Liostracus). Burgess, mountain and pass, British Columbia, Canada.................. iy Burgess ‘Pass; trail/to: Summit ake” frome. .iss. 25.6 cane eee m52 Bursess shale .crustaceans/ Of" ase ee ee oe eee 149 explanation of (footnote). sc: Dies. ce eet ee Ree 51, 52 Naradota compacta stromis eee cee ee Cea eee 176 SPECIES: OL OSEFACOM: Il an peste ac ree. Pole eran nen ee 157 fauna, british Columbiacn sess oes nieee sele eee 42-68, I10-144 foreshadows living Grastaeearen ie aati: eee tos eee 165 relationstonmecenticnustaceanls minmeme seas ak nee ee ake 104 FOSSISs 389, 300 from: tae Kaittatinity limestone 2... +5 isc ae xen see add x sess 302 formationvand: Tocalit yedsMrseerdcisse tecisioe on aes eee heales « 380 HEADS clk GLEN ITN SAP Peto wih oe bee ett Rap teS Beyer ieukeorss ort ivote W Aaa amt s 389 LiSheaitromialoeanitya WE bin fete siaseisuett ctor iancc sis a'elaicle « aeacaits ob oehaiee 362 ozarkensis Walcott, new species described................0000000. 389 HI Aaee Cee lem OrmAT Semi = Oc sieee elon realest ois As votes toysnene aig lars ceeee 412 ASSOClAMOMMmOl tlle MASS OUMtdle sm tris ese ars w Sie s eueloslet eter. Sia elo re 350 compared with Calvinella newtonensis...........000005- 389, 390 HOT Aton ta lee OCaliivpeerccslcr mee mEeeT reer tas sre Sock ee oon ete 300 BLOM Mie MniiMenCeanaliiicderss: © =. tsrcieinee < oie asc oitierinie lee sie ore 362 usnicer.( Hall), described..... 2.0.8. .5)- fe Stee eR eaCre aor eet eee 390 Inger BRL GON, (OS mantels, ANTE acy en eae ere Ble Ran mn ere iirn Merce 408 At MOrizOnwOk St Lawhencentalilia vs ai sriteick octeys cies ice 356 Gompareds withinAmomocane pacche etic caine ices tone 301 Galzinellastenuiscul pide. ects werk crocs 301 SS OMRLG mVCWCOSTM ayo pcrttrnei ioe seca teihere te eae lege ote ee oe 301 FOLMaAOnwmam dal OCalityatererye sts aeriie ini tine cr meioeiero neni ee 300 ALIS ATO IM TINY: a isters secek teenie Sopa usteerene tei situa siege ie Rte revo 390 known only from St. Wawrence. Sagas esti. ls cen oi oleae 362 histedehnomy Siz leawarences tatters sea: mie nario rinke etal 350 tenuisculpta Walcott, new species described...................00- 391 OMe CUM OAM UL CIGk Gam lat an Brae were ech Wan eters eels lhe 400 compared with Calvimella spimiger: ........00cccc.ccceeveee 301 from lower Pogonip limestone of Nevada.............. 359, 362 428 INDEX PAGE Calymene senaria, compared with Sidneyia inexpectans.........0..20000 27 MEeNtIONEG sa eeeEE Lee BS Hees pavahos oes + Ateaie en ee ee 190 ? sinensis Bergeron (=Blackwelderia sinensis (Bergeron) ), for- mer and present generic reference............ 71 cambria, see Laggania, Laotira, and Worthenella. Cambrian Annelids, discovery in. 1okO%e-~ see ee ae dae eee eee eee III classification. «72k shee nee eee eee Sec eee III relationssto living annelidsea-eeLeee ster ce eo onsets III Gambrian beds; Robson. Peak distritt.\.0.2 -o~ okieins stoke) Se eee 329 “Cambrian Brachiopoda,” U. S. Geol. Survey Monograph, cited......... 263 PELELETICE EON sccsece Steccie sete ana eer Cea ees 231 Cambrian brachiopods, collected in China, described by Kayser........... 69 Cambrian Branchiopoda,. descendants of. 2 25.5,. (S225 5 wack: ean aa once 166 Cambrian Crustacea, theoreticallimes of descent-ofs-. 4... 2 5-seee ee eee 161 Canbrianciauna, abruptappeabance Ola-cere etre ee nese ence ae PESTS wees tS oR ea eae ee oe ne Ne ee eee een 14 “Cambrian ftaunasvor China, ceport onicitede... cet seer rarer 387 third preliminary (papers. .)-ciu.e nee cee ete ee eae 69 Cambrian formations, Adirondack province) citedye..c. sass ee 252 in Upper Mississippi -Valley, revised. 0227-5 scares oes 353 of Robson ‘Peak district so Alb... Oe eee eee 327 Cambrian fossils) Yunnan, photographs otacer: -es-t-eie reer eet ere 19 Cambrian genus, Dikelocephalus cited as, in America..................-. 366 Cambrian locality 220b, Beauharnois, Quebec...... Seeders aye. a aOR ERR 279 locality-of Olenopsts, Canal Grande, Sardimia::. ish. secne 248 Middle"andWppemwostracods ine aseee eerie here eee rea 157 Robson district) stratienaphicy section aac. cain nine ene eee 341 unnumbered locality, Keeseville, New York... 2.5 /.002.. 230.0256 202 upper limit; fauna of New York State referred tos20 2:4 o.0 525 ee 257 See Upper, Middle, and Lower Cambrian. Gambrian Merostomatas classiicationts. ee sess crete ecte ieioereiieis erste 19 discussionjof American Acces seers eeiocecie ao oeiee eee 19 relations to pre-Cambnian Merostomes-: ones see near 21 Canibrian représentatives: .v 72.2 citc ad haw ee cw ete ee eee cee rae eee AS Cambriansstrata, Canadian Rockies. ..7/-1-aa- ei oe ee ee eee 18 Sardinia’ (Giscussed :s.s.0. pace ot cece ee One er eerie 239 and pre-Camibrian ‘strata, “North America.) 7. cto oe ee tee eres eae 2 Cambrian system, stratigraphic section, Robson Peak district............ 337 Cambrian time <...-.- Fa caerulea b Seta pis wiletene utes it alt alee eren eRe ener: eee eee ato 19 Cambrian trilobites, collected in China, described by Dames.............. 69 Cambro-Ordovician, occurrence of Saukia stosei and S. wardi in limestones. 362 summit of Ottertail and base of Goodsir formations........ 230 “Cambro-Ordovician ‘boundary, in British Columbia’... 22 ee see cee 229 Canada, Algonkian locality 14z, Alperta./.22.. 2.22.7 -eee te Ra ae 40 generic name ‘derived from ~ o:22)50 ennteice eee seb ete ties eee 118 Upper Cambrian locality 346e near Donald Station, British Columbia. “2c bn coon Secon een eee 308 canadensis, see Anomalocaris, Ceratopyge, and Olenellus. INDEX 429 PAGE Cancdia Walcott mews cents described. seis cieis vevereis + sicieier ere + «ete 118 FETNOLY PCH GONAIIG SHIM OSMreretlals/laleisisicioi sole -eieicl sires vic se) 118 PEOSTADMLC mOISHIDItOlls seiner clic edo tee see) aia -1< ole elas ot 118 SPECIES HEMEMBEMtOsMIStEG) avoseyss ja ocie Arete aso Gisterelle sie/e| 165 venosa Walcott, new species described.............2.ceceee eee eee 189 AO (it Clem 1) | ee 2 A emaillen a opntre aye ound tot et epee aoa yates Fate Secon tn cova) yey Cea 226 Carnegie Institution of Washington Expedition to China, collection by... 69 Cathedral formation, comparative stratigraphic sections................- 343 SUMMA SihabonapiieySeChoneaeeeerermatace das ates cee ene B42 Grins Traut tes Rese crocs: exayscepere ois: scoteveisveietetec crerssesers Peake e facets a eN ne Ree Oh 158, 159 celticus, see Dikelocephalus. Cepialopoda, developed any MissOtmml.c «ccm «sce. e oo te vadlanes ash aeeccee. 359 2 430 INDEX PAGE Ceratopyge Corda genusinamede eee eee een eee ee ee 233 canadensis Walcott, new species described.............c0esee0eees 233 Agured pli ss. Hast Sas o es Rr reeoe eects alan entre tera a Sere 236 associated ‘with "brachiopods. os os :.-/ Ai OS. ee oe oe 230 compared with Ceratopyge forficula Sars.............4. 22g 820K fron =Goodsic formanonvercar ae sate teeters 230, 231 forficula Sars, compared with Ceratopyge canadensis.......... 233, 234 Ceratopyge shale, Sweden, at base of Ordovician......... Tate shee ee 230 Ceraurus pleurexanihemus, mentioned..........0...0++ecesseenest eens 190 Cercopods ote ymengcans andy Odapatanse ace + ocean ier nce 159 ceticephalus, see Agraulos. ceus, see Ptychoparia. Chetoenatha: class samed ~ +4 :-.<.)as emer pnenee © xb eae ee ts se eee IZ represented by. Amish ids. 4.4.cisesacietat oe atesrniemaeboas slice eisai III Chetopod worm, Climactichnites trails perhaps made by................. 261 Gheetopoda:: class vandined «.. oi.ie8 Sebo Seek big A eee Bee eer 113 represented. by six, Peherates: cscs satis Hee nck ace ee oleae III chalcon, see Solenopleura. ; Chamberlin, T: C., and Salisbury, R. Ds’ bibltographic.reterence: <. 2.2 <5. 15 cited’ on Kewtenawan systent . cc... chic stamens & aienniee 5 GIO Pe eed ils ee ie ase ats eh oo tiara Sle tee eee eres 0.7 Champlain Canal, New York, Upper Cambrian locality 109............. 268 Champlain Valley, Vermont, distribution of Dikelocephalus in........... 365 Chancellor formation, nanied “by “Allan s (2.406. 41-005 sone oaethe nents 230 Chapa (beaver) Point, specinc mane talkensinoml a. avec elena eit MEW MAME” o0 Soe tote aie otsiar tele SOR re ROE COT RTE 332 Robson Peak district, illustrated, pl. 57, fig. 1............ 338-339 ALE SO; 1S SD doch sere See Rare eee reree ata eee eee 342, 343 chapa, see Lingulella. Chapman, E. J..cited mudiseussionsor Erotichnites: sae eee eee 277 Chariocephalus, association of, with Conokephalina...........000. 0000s 362 whitfieldi Hall, listed from Franconia formation.................- 357 Sp5 listed srrome rh ranconiaeocimationenentassee aotearoa 357 Chateaugay, New York, Upper Cambrian locality 111........... 267, 268, 202 Chetans Chawk). Cliffs, new. name.....0.. tacos be tees ee eee 332 Robson. Peak district, locality described. s..< 220. seen ee eer 329 illusteateds ‘pl§7, fie obs.a.0e ho eco eee 338-339 TORE ain TOS * i sage aoe a araaospeieners eo Ree 331 Chetang formation, comparative stratigraphic sections................+- 343 summary. stratigraphic: SAcCtHON sic d.npanie. cae eee ee ee 341 Chetang limestones, in stratigraphic Section....... 2061 ATL PSYATOMYTMY » Acie stove oie chokes ote oue Sek asteraierohal sichs ciety rowc Nekeg ote Nens 250 listed! trom: Potsdam-Hoyt fatinacen eae pe rc acne eee 254 Protichnites trails compared with (synonymy)............. 259 tracks, probably not left by trilobite.......... is Saae bere 278 youngs (Chamberlin), figured, pl. go ahien Ty.\-eie- 2 eee yee 282 ple. 30,, MBS: Dp (Be aiely fesramecysts cee earthen eae toe ete 284 Characterized: jk sro iteyccastto cl'cterausless ono oR AC IOe Aner: 260, 261 Coleman Creek, Robson Peak district, illustrated, pl. 57, fig. I1........ 338-339 locality .-cewsee a hasan tasers B77, coloradoensis, see Billingsella and Saukia. : commune, see Anomocare. communis, see Agnostus and Orthotheca. compacta, see Naraoia. Comparative stratigraphic sections, Robson and Bosworth............... 343 comus, see Anomocarella and Ptychoparia. Gonaspis Tall, eenus ‘diseussed (footnote) —- 2 ise tne sen seo eis 357 (= Conocephalites, Arionellus, and Ptychoparia) (footnote). 358 species-referred to: (footnote). G..scsesionen koe eee apie eee 358 anatina (Hall), listed from Franconia formation................. 357 cf. anatina (Hall), listed from Jordan formation,................ 355 bipunctata (Shumard), listed from Franconia formation.......... 357 connata (Walcott), listed from Eau Claire fromation.............. 358 eryon (Hall), listed from Franconia formation.................% 357 nmasuia (tall). listed trom Franconia formations cere seer 357 owent (Hall) ?, listed from Franconia formation................ 357 patersoni (Hall), listed from Franconia formation................ 357 perseus (Hall), listed from Franconia formation................+ 357 ? shumardi (Hall ?), listed from Franconia formation............ 357 Conocephalina, see Conokephalina (original spelling). Conocephalina Brogger; senus nanted nn onion =~ micas nite eer 2 spelling now changed to original, Conokephalina........... 387 Conocephalites, Dikelocephalus iowensis referred by Hall to............ 366 anatinus Hall, referred to Conaspis (footnote) ..........--..ee00- 358 breviceps ? Walcott, listed from locality (62: .~. chor sentee em onl 361 calciferus Walcott (= Lonchocephalus), synonymic reference.... 270 from Eloyt quarry iaundessc asec eerie ee ete bee 252 a ea INDEX 433 Conocephalites—Continued. PAGE (= Conokephalina) emmrichi Barrande (Walcott), to be considered imenevrewa Ole Olentdcswacmiers ci srcrcits ahem ee siecle 348 eryon Hall, referred to Conaspis (footnote) 2: ........ 0... ee ee ees 358 hartti Walcott (= Dikelocephalus), synonymic reference......... 273 FLOMmubOvi GUualny atinalme ese ceteeoreet es ect ccm ee sen eae minutus Bradley (= Ptychoparia), synonymic references.......... 267 nasuius all, referred: to Conaspis (footnote) 2.0... 06.2. eek eee 358 OLNAiUS BLOScery hieined= plsO4N Tks (Oreincriee vee sees Hosa: cee os 400 mentioned as genotype of Conokephalina Brogger....... 347, 387 owent Hall, referred to Conaspis (footnote) .........ececeeeeceees 358 perseus Hall, placed by Lorenz under Conaspis (footnote)......... 358 GELenned stom COmaspism ChOOLLOLE) mracreinies telee de cin. eereerrie asi s 358 subquadratus Dames (= Anomocare subquadratus (Dames) ), for- mer and present generic reference.............. Fill Gonokephalina Brogger, genus described. ............. 2206 cece eeececees 387 compared with Conokephalina misd.........025.seeceereees 388 SSE Se RO Tis ORS a MRP DY snl ates Coe oe Seen. Slee 348 dispositionvot= species retetred tones cetinccscecee sacs setae es 387 genotype, Conocephalites ornatus Brogger............+...-- 387 includedsaundersDikelocephalimcel. ace cok sence eee se els occ ee 347 shay SENADVSy On YANOH A Saat Retrecn rie Bicicy ciel ieee: Ors uN ae i aetna a, ae 387 intermediate form between WDikelocephalus and Ptycho- OULON ate Che prota slenenays eyesore Ae & ore ete teohe iohele ba 348, 387 locality and association of genus discussed.................- 362 TICUITIS CME ee A utes cra PME Ae SUA MEI octet apm des No el a 269 GRenenned toy Milceloceplnaliimacsny. mye se csetrelaclet terse oe ce areas 6 348 represented by species in Cambrian fauna of China......... 347 species hererredsto, by BrOogseer. oa.sseescehe ses dese oe ee os « 366 belus (Walcott) (= Solenopleura belus Walcott), present and for- Mes PeMneric: TELETENCES 4.5 .ce-oe tle ce ene onsale 72 ? dryope (Walcott) (= Ptychoparia dryope Walcott), present and FOKMEL SENETIC TETEFEMCE 52.220. c ec cee nse ss 71 mexpectans (Walcott), listed from locality z01a.................. 359 maia (Walcott) (—Ptychoparia (?) maia Walcott), present and as FORMER \SeNeHiC MEVELEMNCEs: seas occ s se cenenernee 72 Mis om Cela Radescribedian sere. cle ae iaeteyseeeteie tet o otto Meee 387 HISMITE Mae len GS leisey Tense tar ey oe setae Sent rans, Sts Se, ahaeet ates die’ 408 ASSOCIA EOIN OLN GISCHUISSEOM ya ncciiccr mn MatsaraG ae lucie ce ae ahieus 362 compared) with (Conokephaling 2ii ai icdone he diesucseceaceees 388 DIRCVOGE PA USmce TUDULUSE aancteta ieee srcia het cicle (= bieiaievelels oe 372 DielocepHalus: Misa. sor erisemtiec« + cic oe «© sos snes 387 CTY ALO rants ckeee oa i CROLL CRAIG ONC >. Cie SAO ONCE LO Oe I 348 SiCURTw IO A CWStS) RS s,s ha5-ac tre eee ad so. vier ote ae Ae ners Brats 388 (= Dikelocephalus), compared with Conokephalina ornata.. 387 formation.and locality -.9:0..2..: PROS 2 Adin eee eter yan ids 388 listedstrOmnhrancomia fonmattonmepiiet «cite ce seen ae. - 357 A SV ELOY RY arecataie eaiten tacie eave RM Ove a, hha ae eles «alexi eo 387 ornata (Brégger), compared with Conokephalina whitehallensis.... 269 HONGEMMASTSENOLY PE Mp ly OAS MOLE oie era cia snes cle iaeiels/ eee a 5). « 400 TACTIEL OME CMa er ate ericlaie Se Te OtOS cies kh oteae Belen ete nia eas 347, 387 434 INDEX Conokephalina—Continued. PAGE vesta (Walcott) (—Ptychoparia vesta Walcott), present and for- Mer LENEIGMRELELENCEersiieL renee ieee 72 whitehallensis Walcott, new species described.............0..0000% 269 fiewited, Ol, do Hes. (O21 TERM sesso ee ooo sas Coptic cle 294 compared with Conokephalina ornata Brogger.............. 269 spelling now changed to Conokephalina............0.00000% 387 listedwitom-~Potsdam-Hoyt Tamas a.4iype does as neces eee 254 sp. undt. (Walcott) (= Ptychoparia sp. undt. Walcott), present and former seneric. references 5 ..0. 0 on Agee eee ve constricta, see Banffia and Ptychoparia. Contents, “ Abrupt Appearance of Cambrian Mauna 3.42. S.4 aoe eee I “Cambrian: Panes wor Neues sO Wie atta oad a4: Syke” ane eee 69 “Cambrian ‘tormations,. Robson ).Peale. district 422. 2aoses see es a “ CamhrosOrdoviciany bounidarye oc aiiey danse kee eon eee 229 “ Dikelocephatus vand other Genera 1 Lacs «eke ae See 345 “ Middle "Cambrian Aninelids "75. caek sh boa e poke eee 109 “Middle Cambrian Branchiopoda, Malacostraca, Trilobita, and iMeéerostemata?” £Sayskinwdemdtic ae ea eee ee ee 145 “Middle Cambrian Holothurians and Meduse”...............06- 41 aMiiddletiGambrian Nerostomeata ssa eee eee eee 17 ~ New; York Potsdam-Hoyt, tautta ”<). 2, .u.i seer gers eae eee 251 > New Lower Cambrian sabtavinica. es selmi: cee cere eee ante 3090 contigua, see Anomocarella. ; Continental Divide, Alberta, Algonkian locality 042.) 3054. doceee. see 40 Robson Peak district, illustrated, pl. 58) fig. 1 .eee ee ee 340-341 convexa, see Anomocare. convexus, see Crepicephalus. Goosta \Walcottenew «senusadescribedkena cer een eee aac 94 “SEnoky Pex tOOOSIG SUP CLUA aoe oe ee eee eee A (Ov! ? bianos (Walcott), compared with Coosia superba............... 96 (= Anomocare bianos Walcott), present and former generic FELERENCE wy WN eke AR hee octence oh 70 carme (Walcott), compared with Coosia superba.............-.:. 96 (= Anomocarella carme Walcott), present and former ge- TELIC FERELENCE saan eat ne hae ewe ae eee 70 ? daunus (Walcott), compared with Coosia superba..........00055 06 (= -Anomocare daunus Walcott), present and former generic PETCEENCE + Ne Gac Oe aacees Mee meee neue eh ree 70 decelus (Walcott), compared with Coosia superba..............4. 06 (= Anomocare decelus Walcott), present and former generic FELCEENCE .. x digs ens ORO HA a eee nes aie Rie ee eT 70 (?) limbata (Angelin), compared with Anomocare lisani.......... OI GISCUSSE MO acaless. sc) dun ete rere eiensie rete etek eto ee ee eer Toten eros 06 (= Anomocare limbatum Angelin), present and former ge- merié fETerENCe \.. Aciguiee 1 nee ischsewaale coher 70 robusta Walcott, new species described..............22ceeeeeeeees 97 figured; plewGs figs: 2: 2a. were wces « Vetereerer cere ane 106 compared with Goosta superb@ar oct. ne ki eaten eer 90, 97 listed), Cambrian) tarinasmot s@hinaer mere eee ere 73 new species com Alabaiiainnnniednaee oaeaeam oie eteerrae HE INDEX 455 Coosia—Continued. PAGE superba Walcott, mew species described...........2:s000seeeeenes 94 TETIGCU. AD TO petits wl Tats i, felehcaeiclicie wyaiig Cass coh site, afoyswim ela 00 106 compared with Anomocare and Anomocarella............+- 96 Coosia carme, C. decelus, C. bianos, and C. daunus.... 96 Anomocare lambatum Angelin................-s0008- 06 (OOS IN ADLTIIGT WAGE Be hao cae Coes Meee obec boners abe 96, 97 HistedqnCambrtanmratnacn ots @litarewme scirsteic cane 204 eanuwis the coercion sneateene 368 Species Mamed 1 TeCOLMItOMmeOle sae eeeteeeeee ae ees 368 dalyi, see Dikelocephalus. Dames, William, Cambrian trilobites from China described by............ 69 discussion of Dikelocephalus by, cited... ....02. 2020 a. ewes 367 Dikelocephalus Owen, genus described...............cc0eeeeceeces 363, 364 CMUSMINATILG Cute phe ms gee Seon a iho. Sythe sie ee 273 ASS OClatedm witha SGUmtte Ure TilNewAS sameeren ie eels siciee ne 359 COMpanedenwathia, Gal UiVellaiaacits ccm serie sarah evel siei se <, ohe iails orekels » 388 OSC COM a are Reva ety arehei A cis aioe NAO See ahha Shar 385 SW el Ueeotr are Noh Soe SORE Or ae Bele ee 348, 364, 374 GimMEnSiOnGe One oem Serres icaeemlenosteraeie ois ciere @ ores one 365 entire specimens of (as restricted), not yet secured........... 347 Seneca lMGiscusslOnmOmsPEClESae seen cin fener o dee eee. 359 SEO SAP MICMCIStHADUTOM MOl eters eels seins sii eeiele viele cle eire ee 364 included by Beecher with Asaphelina and Crepicephalus under Dikelocephalinzeg Beecher s-e=)-lane cela o> aoe 347 PAN Siy A OMIT y waren ae tA eee rake ee reier tera natae clcya, ieackerovouet «ccsboxeiatels 363 INTER PNEtatlOnuDyaSAlteInClted t.m sicier chs «8 exe sod epslelerere Ee egOo AMivEestiSatonOlL planneds jac: 526 eis = 26) sees Mera cee 346 localityeandeassociated fauna discussed sa 420 see eer ee ae: 359 OQUSELVAtONSMONe theme CNIS) ese sissies aeieie eee ooo 348, 365 Protichnites septemnotatus tracks left by.............00000- 278 Terercedmto Dikcclocephalinces ssi. ese cote donee ls iyeke oes 348 TEMION OL COMOREP MAMMA TOs. eae sta bate eles 6 seared ouee Qe 387 SIZENEL PA CUISELISSE Clee arcttaetr either ee totes one tek entation None 304 SpeciesaphevIOUSIy, Ferernede LOme as ie aca tikes aceite oes 340 Sereapivha pie Tatee OF CISCUSSEE sec ora eatee see vacieeigace tos 364 barabuensis (= Platycolpus), species referred by Whitfield...... .. 366 ? baubo Walcott (= Ptychaspis baubo (Walcott) ), former and pres- ENE GeNneniGunelenonGe Lancs camel nein occ laes 71 belli (= Anomocarella), species referred by Billings.............. 365 bilobatus, mention of, by Hall and Whitfield....................... 306 ? brizo Walcott (= Ptychaspis brizo (Walcott) ), former and pres- GMb .PSMETIC GELEHEMCE > oo oi5 iin, SYTMOMY LY. ia.cseaes eatin aoe. oe eae Sea oe en ee acre 273, 308 listedMironie Porsdatni—blGyteratid ener etree einer 254 woaratotian- sHoytquankys soe seer iE eee 253 under deschiptionvoL centiseeee eee een ieee 367 Protichnttes tracks lent uby cere ce eee eee ee eee 278 surface of, deseribed . atic scscn ntee ate cee eee scene 364 iowensis (= Crepicephalus), species named by Owen in 1852....... 365 referred by Hall to Conocephalttes . ashe awa es Cooke 306 ? limbatus Hall, described ...... sake ah Beebe Chava ate EUs renee oe eee 369 houred, pli OSs eS. Sas weiee aks dees ee Rear eter ee ae 402 about, Devile-iealke; WASCconsinieysarinen aa sche Elo ree one 360 compared with Dikelocephalus minnesotensis ...........0.. 360 Dikelocephalus sp. undt. (footnote) asses cree 301 10h SYA ONY ITY. oie Soave ers ete ores ate a ave ev ake ee a ea 360 listeds from tlocalttyes7Ss icemaker radocne ee eae eee 361 from locality -78B 0.400. ..net ee et eee ee 301 under descriptionion ments) ..emerereceen een eit 367 with. St. Lawrence fama... 2.64 ee eee eee 356 cf. limbatus Hall, in association with Saukia pepinensis............ 382 listedirom) ondan tormaion-ne seer cree enor eens 355 lodensis (Whitfield), compared with Ptychaspis speciosus......... 273 penotype Of Saukia® wean saat aaah Gr eee on ere eee 374 magnificus (= Apatokephalus ??), species referred by Billings.... 365 megalops (= Anomocarella), species referred by Billings.......... 305 miniscaensis (= Ptychaspis), species named by Owen in 1852...... 365 referred by Hall to Piychaspisis: ticaet-te eset See ae 366 INDEX 439 Dikelocephalus—Continued. PAGE MUILNESOLEMSUS: Ovens Gd 6SCrilDeCryscva cis ieee 4 ca a srais oe chavs! Stel ae truevelesclene.c 369 HIST Capp led OOM Seiki Crey arava astore sts Sessctets ioe Sere ei eee oteteterses 392 DG Damn Sepa eee a eRe acne cee rere ohely ae vere sors 394 DIRS O2 elie Seu —Or trae arspaScietntteaeoete, one at ithe © nice musts 396 A ROO BHT CAMEO Rae cent eta et AeA coe Sole rovapatapiaeelels cists erors 404 ASETIO We ThESti Che CMeante tae vorm re tote kotiewe oetneIn Siac mee meee 360 compared with Dikelocephalus 2 dalyia....--ss-s--s+4s85>-- 367 Di CLOCEDNGIASMHONEU: ie solr ee ae eR cee ee erAe PirelGcebhalis 4 MInvaiHs ron ais se ow 2G SFO So wavs @ 369 ID TONNE ANAS CERO rea 6 6.0 on 20 06 6 Sete BOOS ae reo 372 Dikelocephalus: Vanhorneiaans ee. adeeeee een este ea. 373 Dikelocephalus sp. undt, (footnote)r.....s.cs+.-.-..- 301 SETAE Re cr et nee ee Screce Hides Se wae 370 COMIN Chi Bika yank N Seale so ooubaobocnepoddooeoueneds 374 doubtialeidentiticationsmas ieee eo eee kee 370 ean ltesmalliistrattons cote atic esr ole Sint aise sige o esle Sane 365 form of dorsal shield possibly like that of Saukia crassimar- UILGUUS Ree RC EE oS Oe Le: Ts Uae as Coote 347 fonmeatloneandslocalityaerettae erie mene niece ckesiniios hielo 370 fragments of, associated with Saukia pepinensis............ 370 FEUOLy PELOLOIRELOGEDIVAIES tanemiets Seria amie ns aicintalete ahaa ole or 364 PReALESIAC eve lOPMehttOlMmen emo Cem eee ence 35 in association with Saukia pepinensis......0...0ccccccccccees 381 MS MOMMA G hefaca eases Ges Weate wee eee aeAT ARO Swe sob os 309 hstedernom localities O55 GO, ald mins. se sence iesee seen e. 360 FROM a Calitye 7S De tae iseeta a crac ape eto eaioe re oie Gictew 361 WithedesGripiiom) On Semlses ae acl. elec nico aide eiee or 367 WithieStas leawenCembhatnomescee secre acres ne siclece 356 SIZCHOP CISC SSCOM che apn aTte oiinaciee rie wiela at WRITE sehale rast 364 SPECIES MIAME. ya OWE MLO Gemar aca ciae ais sc sleye os sleieiel ale 305 miumesotensis var. Walcott, described................e.eeceececes 371 Otte Coen pl Oleh On AA ree aAccyeby ion aareeceisePa es 0 rae ae 394 compared with Dikclecephalus minnesotensis..............- 371 HonmmatlOneamd ml Ocality: Pees te. tee erciieer eens shee to ise ole oe Ges. a ce 371 histedk wath description of menus. cs lu.% oe ve eb Bua ceekee ect ss 307 misa Hall, referred to genus Conokephalina ...........c00.0-.000% 387 (= Conokephalina), species referred by Hall............... 365 compared with Dikelocephalus tribulis........0..00c00c0000: 274 multicinctus Hall and Whitfield (= Apatokephalus ?)............ 306 newtonensis Weller, from “ Kittatinny ” limestone................. 255 osccolasHiall, senotypelOn OSGcolia acces aeamee oe vse ac eeiecckh »- 385 (= Osceohim), species*reterred by Galle 2... 2... sce car oe 3605 REhenKedutOgcdallewe & SiS). seers Nau OA ee eet e ee wee 347 LOLME WE DENISHOSGCOMG ey pease ince Slee eae eee 387 owent (= Anomocare), species referred by Billings................ 305 pepinensis, species named by Owen in 1852............0cseeeeeceee 365 planifrons (= Anomocare), species referred by Billings........... 365 ? sinensis Bergeron, (= Stephanocare ? sinensis (Bergeron) ), for- mer and present generic reference............. 71 440 INDEX Dikelocephalus—Continued. PAGE spectosus, listed from “ Saratosian,” “Heyt quarry. Jot. e..c8 0. ees on 253 spimiger Hall, genotype -of Calowmellat). i. i.20 on 0a ees hemes 389 (= Saukia), species referred -by” Hall n2 2 sss 5 crews sale 305 new genus) Calvinella, foundedvone st 6.1.00 dels aaetaceeoee 388 refered to: a) MEW ZEMUSs, vt olnstedetorsiory store oe rebargiow occa eae ae 347 tommew gents Calviwellapen ce serkee ote see eee ree 387 texanus Walcott, new species described............20ccce ce ecnces 372 fiotmnedplnGs mie? Av emia ere ee eae SAN hn dorset CERES 402 compared with Dikelocephalus minnesotensis...........-+..+- 372 Dikelocephalus vankhornet. 5005 22 en den de we Oa eae 372 formation and “locality QO 0e ees Gow He eek a Ae es wn ciel pe 372 listed: trom locality V7Oanie. nic ene oe iene ee eee 3590 Winder CescripiMon Ob GenUsmas sancti ete cls seeietee ee 367 Ssurtace on, sdeseribed! ane sone cael aee eie a ne eaee 364 tribulis Walcott, new species Geschibeds eee sae eee eer 274 feuned pl. 44; fies: (8.3 Satnmic-n see ce or ee cee ee ee 294 associated with Dikelocephalus harttt........00....+2+.--+0- 274 compared with Dikelocephalus misa............00000eceeeee 274 listed from Potsdam-—Floyts tatina aera eee ae 254 2 inibulis Walcott. described ssnae. coe eet eee ee eee 392 He UTEed ppl Os wieSao-1O mLOdaee eee en ete Se ga etc rh ROE 398 compared with Conokephalina misa and Saukia............+- age Dikelocephalus’ hart £5... 3553 San een eee eee 372 formationvandslocality.cysq.niaa-a ake oe eee aerate ae 372 dn Synonymy”. L Alois Petes & Sra tence oy hots Melero ne aero 372 listed under (description sof Sense -c acne ole ioe eee aie ee 367 vanhornet Walcott, new species described..............2c.e0ceeee 3273 AAUred spl G2ies. Tastee ettes chet ta Mee Cert eee ete 396 compared with Dikelocephalus- ? dalyts.o. o:. 42205. e snes 368 Dikelocephalus minnesotensis .......0-.0e.scee+eeees 373 Dikelocephalus texans) soos ose eee ee oe eee 372 formationvand Wocality ck Shithertice ne knee calrore icra areal eee 373 listed@under descniptromiotesentss- + | seas cece es eerie 367 SIZE1OL, vAISCUSSER se ecarteer na vo SION re eT ae orem Peretcrele 364 sp» undt. describeds|Gootnote)een re eaee eter eo eee eee Ereoe 391 compared with Dikelocephalus minnesotensis and D. limbatus (POOHIOCE) A SS FAE aa ea eee ee en eer 301 listed under descriptionvor 2enushca-m- ee acts eee eee 367 ? (Centropleura ?) discordalus (= Perhaps Anomocare ?), species referred ‘by Salter: 2205.00.02 ee ee 306 (Centropleura ?) furca (= Dikelocephalina Brogger ??), species referred: by: ‘Salter “Males sodas a eave vane 366 ? (Centropleura ?) sp. (= Anomocare ?), species referred by Salter. 366 Dikelokephalina, species referred to, by Brogger...:.......202:s00-s000> 366 Dipleurula ancestor, diagrammatic reconstruction of imagined primitive... 43 Discinopsis sulcatus Walcott (=Cranielia ?? sp. Walcott), present and former generic Teference.. so a. velcce cle helees rere 71 discoideus, see Obolus. disjuncta, see Oesia. INDEX 441 PAGE Distribution, stratigraphic, four subclasses of this paper...............+.. 155 divi, see Agraulos and Inouyia. Dolichometopus Angelin (= Amphoton Lorenz), present and former ge- TLETACGEREKEMICE weyers tere) eters cusieis aislonet sicioes lave) ofsvei aecene 70 deois Walcott (= Amphoton steinmanni Lorenz), present and for- MET ENE Came teheM Cems isis icici) ieieictneleictate 70 (= Bathyurizcus asiaticus Lorenz), present and former ge- MEGICUrE LEREME CIs meter ienctacrothrerkor none So aexaye toler iets 70 Dolomite, siliceo-argiliaceous, in St. Lawrence formation................ 355 dolon, see Pagodia. Donald Station, British Columbia, Canada, Upper Cambrian locality 346e FLCC eer ee eran tii abate vais eS 368 doris, see Eoorthis and Orthis (Plectorthis). Dorypygella Walcott (= Teinistion Monke), former and present generic TE HEREC periotatahcan cl wc ntereletare tel ogee oimietededeateh seca cs Pr. alastor Walcott (= Blackwelderia alastor (Walcott) ), former and PRESEN PENEMIC FELErEnCe) sie aia cid ioral dieters swore. s 71 alcon Walcott (= Teinistion alcon (Walcott) ), former and present TENEKICA TELCEENCEM AA asia eeeeis At nene eee ates Sov over 71 richthofeni zone of Manchuria, Orthotheca glabra abundant in.... 76 Dorypygeila typicalis Walcott (= Teinistion typicalis (Walcott)), for- mer and present generic reference.............. 71 douvillei, see Agnostus. Dreshach formation, im! provisional classificatiom....2 4... .ac0- 00> > ++ 354 Dresbach sandstone, listed with Upper Cambrian of Minnesota.......... 353 dryas, see Agraulos. dryope, see Conokephalina and Ptychoparia. dubia, see Canadia. Dunderberg mine, Nevada, Upper Cambrian locality 66.................. 362 Dunderberg: shale, Upper Cambrian locality 62, Adams Hill, Nevada..361, 381 Upper Cambrian locality 66, Eureka district, Nevada....... 362 Dutchess County, New York, “ Saratogan” fauna as represented in...... 255 East Branch Moose River, changed to Moose River.................+--- 331 eatont, see Aglaspis, Dikelocephalus, and Platycolpus. Bane Claire: tormation, tatna listed and discussed. -.25-..5..0.---s60--% 358 lie PLOVISIONAlmclAasSiniGatlOmerriecrhe sete cee stelcrels) © olvelsraranc ells 354 Eccyliomphalus n. sp., listed from Franconia formation................. 357 Pecyuopierus sp., Cambrian facies questioned... 22.0.5. . bo cc sees celenee 255 listedmtrommborsdam—lovthatiilan-yrcitaeeseincreere se eee ele eile 254 Echinoderm, theoretical ancestor of, mentioned..................2...:.. 148 Hchmodermata, Ibankester cited Onssio:cece os secre coed deme veg enes: 43, 44 Section. on, by: Eo eAy Bather nurs. soeee cool aoe ae wdlace by do tesco biee 148 SHigaieamentany Canal. Ofet teense: nets ste sete mis oe ine bake Reale oie wa 50 Eldon formation, comparative stratigraphic sections..................+.. 343 Suminlaiy, | SthatieraplicsSECHOMtn das -t ke. .4il< Soe es ve ele a's eae 342 donia NValcott; newegg ens: deschibed aq-cmls dale te isle «Jee cle Bl vts cs cere 45 TENOLY DCm LC ONION MUG UVR mary. setaxe a) aielone ey fesh sit) esi che ries lo.c.3.00 01502 45 SELLS eel Ll MIA CEP w ATR vats eterna ones ore os Clensie ceususredciaisc enna 46 TEOSEAD MLE NCIS EHD OME sm yais cilaiaci tee te eleiaasfor> eo steeere el ctern eer 46 442 INDEX Eldonia—Continued. PAGE lIudwigt Walcott, mew species described... +.........2.+s++-seccuvee 46 figured, pl. 8, fig.3.<.,2hce ac 10 eRe ee Se eee 58 pl. 9; fies. 5 nh eakeoe? ose. AE ee ee 60 Dl. TO, ies: 13h 3 Hae ee ec Ae eee cee 62 Gils: Lite: HPSS: DWHRi in. whit Oates Sia thane rake ed 64 pli si2, TS, SEs Si ACL ROS see aes oe er eee 66 {> G RRNIOT OM NERO PR ee ha PGE ange rh ny Ski 47 alimentaty-caual. describead’has gic eeher <2 1a. od nae eae 48 associated with \Peytota mathorstt...iei oes. 8 ie. sin cee cee 57° compared with Pelagothuria natatrix ...........0.+-0ee002- 50 GIMENSIONSP GIVEN. steed ected Me ORAL ee ne eee 49 formation, andl Tosa lity: i>. svisacn we Peet wt ce, ae eee 51 genital organs) disenssedk cpia33. ot. JP Ode >. ee ee ke oe eae 49 genotype of genus Eldonia ......... BROS R LRN e eee ae 46 muscles, discussed a Wi atusEoanes eas uehe le etme eee, code neers nano a 46 GecuErenewlt../c 5. cist. Oo Rate eee Re eee oe haesO ODSER VA tIOMS, |, tees Me pee 8 tee ete core eer es, eee 50 pelaric torn, Of tlolothiupioaideaue sss cee Tee eee 43, 44 radial scanals ndescrihed Hasta). eee eka oe ee eee 47 stratigraphic position and) association. 12) see Tee eee TS 2aenGs trilobites, crustacéans and sponges associated with.......... 50 Eldaniids \Walcott: new *famuly«inamieds 3. Wiese foot oe cee eee 45 Eleventh International Geological Congress, Sweden (footnote)........ I Ellipsocephalus hoffi Barrande, compared with Inouyia..............0005 81 Elliptocephalus ? curtus (Whitfield), listed from Franconia formation... 357 elongatus, see Illenurus. Emerald mountain, lake, and glacier, British Columbia, Canada......... 203 Emeraldella Walcott, new genus discussed. «. .c....2 «oss emee et Seen ee 203 between Branchiopoda and Merostomata..:...............- 163 characterized) *...3)8t cgi eee sous Oe bee cree ee 158 ClasSificatlOMmroi rit. Were. eee ete ace ce eee 155 labitimnynota eee 4 SSONEZ-E Wars 5 pateaote 6 there aah aes meee 158 LOLerhed! tO, pAClaspidee ren ert cree eee = 7208 nepresentino wMMWeTostonlal ane amie: eon iekeeniteet renin 155 brockt Walcott, new Species describedy-ssasee 6s cee eee aan 203 iakeqbbasKal wll, BOh Whey Ao nea cones s dh See Sareea: Sie ees Aaa oe 220 text fie: 1Sice.or 7d Hears I eee 204 appetidagés.nOf. z4.vndeaaviniasl ieee eee ee ate 203 compared with Bidentia difficilis .......... cbs ee teeta 174 compared with Emeraldella micrura .........0..200+cs0000 205 compared with Opabmim-repalts-.2ce on ane ee ee ee 203-204 related to Molarie spmiferd ws. 3.%5..4 sere eee 201 stratigraphic postion and sassociaktone eee: eee Enee 153 micrura Walcott, new species described). .j0.+- -is4ssse-. oe 205 figured, text, 41240... scene diem aan pee ee ee 205 compared swith) Emeraldella\ brockia.peee eee ene 205 Eminence formation, Lower Ordovician localities, Missouri.............. 300 Ozark section, Missouri, compared with “ Kittatinny” lime- SEOHE a .08 alae aR eee ee eee 256 lit INDEX 443 PAGE Emmrichella Walcott, new subgenus of Ptychoparia, described.......... 79 GOmpanred withePnicHOPparia ccazaccsse ower cise cance aneees. 79 FA WMONWNO COTE? O88 SRaSe ae Sete O RTE Oe Lhe al: ele Ce OR bios 79 ConGRepHnalwar haere OTs lee ends + aston aes 79 Strakionapliicenane cae meee atin ae Golren ios silt omer eno 70 Endopodite, protopodite bearing ........i.0.0.e¢20005 Boe Waa ie tat ons eee 159 enyo, see Aluta and Bradoria. orice atisted imestratie ra pinicuseChiOnmmnas sesmicicselcitcsiciss « «rir scare «le 336 agreste (Walcott) (=Orthis (Plectorthis) agreste Walcott), pres- ent and former generic reference............... 71 desmopleura Meek, listed in stratigraphic section................. 330 ? diablo Walcott, listed from Franconia formation................ 357 doris (Walcott) (= Orthis (Plectorthis) doris Walcott), present and former generic reference §)...5.. 0.50.02 71 hamburgensis Walcott, listed from locality 201a.................. 350 kayseri (Walcott) (= Plectorthis kayseri Walcott), present and ; former cenerie meleLence merce selec oe cece fee 71 kichouensis (Walcott) (== Orthis (Plectorthis) kichouensis Wal- cott), present and former generic reference.... 71 linnarssont (Kayser) (= Orthis linnarssoni Kayser), present and FOKMEeT SeNeTIcs KELELENCE) a..- ce sees oaks e ri (=Orthis (Plectorthis) linnarssont Walcott), present and FOGMED Generic TehEGFenCe <5. peace eines hs 6 + eres 71 newtonensis (Weller), listed from locality TIC...............0000- 362 pagoda (Walcott) (=—Plectorthis pagoda Walcott), present and HOLME SENeTIC. TELCEENCEs. jae eeiceite seals ele 71 remnicha N. H. Winchell, listed from Franconia formation........ 357 remnicha sulcata (Walcott), listed from Franconia formation..... 357 remnicha winfieldensis (Walcott), listed from Franconia formation. 357 wichitaensis, associated with Saukia rustica......0....-20+ee- cece 383 Spealistedstromel ran conta fonmatlOmee scsi se ces eee ons ocr sterorol aie 357 sp. undt. (Walcott) (= Orthis (Plectorthis) sp. undt. Walcott), present and former generic reference .......... 71 ephori, see Anomocare. Epicontinental Algonkian seas, illustrated, text fig. I.................0-. 10 mpipodite (Cell); attached to protopodite: 2. ¢.).4.605 0. Gi os cee ec dace ee ces 159 ertopia, see Anomocare and Ptychoparia. eris, see Aluta and Bradoria. eros, see Lingulella (Lingulepis) and Obolus (Lingulepis). eryon, see Conaspis and Conocephalites. eucharis, see Callavia. euglochis, see Chleia. Paloma atias Walcott, listed from locality 66... 0.06.0. .0c8 sec c ee eee 362 Burekd district, Lower Ordovician, locality 208A). 2206. se tde cee ee 359 eurekensis, see Illenurus. Burypterid remains, reported by Beecher im 190T...............-...+-+-- 19 tee RIC w CORN NAGE U.7yn 24 some kc cherie eieveve we ay6 nic: ware sisvaes scale, x. sg aud sib. 21 Mone qibe decid acka Sailnet rtp erat rn othasacs cot cinislae wipee visio ee «8s 20 Conlpanedawatn Meimulcvay | (taleinn dercteeiaertaacc..csieice ccc sc cause 20 CompanmsoneorMaimiitlavamwithinatsorerice acer es octi es cenlecien-ch. 22 444 _ INDEX Eurypterida—Continued. PAGE relation to: Lamulavat ts swat n crrse ste e loae eae ee eae wee Od! relation to. Sidmé ytd Wai sacs ska ie cme apn ane ee eet 206 representing /Merostomata. 4. asst. oe ceeine ee iter eee eats 163 Stdneysa, compared with others. j.2:4.). necks eae ee 23 Eurypterus, Beltina zone fossils not closely related to..............0000 13 compared swith Aoniella ss ..2 scien seo eee ee Cee ee oe 27 AgnrellaOTrnatar sens sen Sia Gate eee 28 SIANE YAR INCLPCCEAMS pire ons) atew woe. anise dss Sepeerls «cee 206 and, Pierygotus; xelated, to. Belima isaatin. pon msiioeine ese oe «peices 21 and Trilobita, Sidneyia a transition form between............... ey, Evolution, theoretical, of Cambrian Crustacea from Branchiopoda, table.. 164 Exopodite, procopodites peatine: wesma se oem cicieia tenactet otal bernelelsieeie be erste 159 swimming, of Branchiopoda Marrella, Opabinia, and Leanchoilia.. 160 Exoskeleton; deseribedis.icacyscucet docs cess cry oso anole Gi ote este oes an eee 157 Extinguisher, chanced stombillings Stkie face aeaeeme tee eects 331 Hyes,, Branchiopoda and \Malacostra¢a\..c...22% =... step ieee Ge eae ete 159 Fairview formation, comparative stratigraphic sections................. 343 summary, sttatigsaphie Seetion naman. s amen stesso oe ee a ee 342 and: McNauchton: formation) compared. saeco ase aaa 343 fallax, see Saukia. Female of \Opabime regalts, aléscribed). ojo. wes « < oss. Adamo nls acl ae Weer eae eee 361 With: Staluawicemces tellin yee sitet eee a ieee ieee eee 356 osceola (Walcott), listed from Franconia formation.............. 357 listed trom localities 7S and s7S8Deete eee eee eee 361 with St. ‘cawtence fauna, ..c..ceeseeee oct eee OL eee eee 356 osceola corrugata (Walcott), listed from locality 78............. 361 listed: with’ St. Lawrence fattaes sheer cer eee ier 356 flabellifer, see Dikelocephalus. Flabellum of Naraoia compacta, evidetice Of. sy <<... cu © seins -iclsge Siete 176 flava, see Anomocare. Ford: cited on: Matherella cielo candi oe sone ne OCLC EEC 263 forficula, see Ceratopyge. Formation: names, Mew Ata. .c cc coi s sistent 334 INDEX 445 PAGE Former generic reference, species referred to Dikelocephalus........... 349 Hmsslismevidence ot. DEe-Gatmptiatiaccjes oielnais > siclereis wlete say ule sesbiclens tye lence 13 fragmenta, see Chuangia. fragilis, see Aluta, Bradoria, and Selkirkia. Heaincomastoruation deschibedeand tatna listed) 2. 4o0.044..s06 2.225 357 it LOvisStOnalmclassiilcatlOlu pect acc eels cierdene «see 354 Fraser River, Robson Peak district, locality described...................- 328 French Creek, New York, Upper Cambrian locality 367f................ 262 Beuevale diary, Lancaster, Penrsyl varias. + s:c-.6 2 dciseide alow whcroe ens eos 246 inealenannuon) temaleron O©pabinidcererera ea ate. ae erica cle since crac e 166 Gallatin limestone, locality of Dikelocephalus sp. undt. (footnote)........ 301 er ee RCTMRE tens esd in Sit ie beh ee seedeeas ee Bake) cae pissed wikis oft a SORE 153 fC rsthopouawdeveloped.in Missouniemaa-teines oer octet in ciownl oem cs ore De 359 IStedmicontme eotsdam=blontwratitialaen eee ceeie ee eteiteeiae o.com « 254 Gendarme Mountain, Robson district, illustrated, pl. 59, figs. I, 2... .. .342-343 SenerawaAndEsPecles, CESErIP iON Ol.eis aces: cee ce ieiteie a stole euler esse 363 news of elealobitay descmbeds w..-% seriat se acacia. oe tect eee 192 Rotsdam=Hloyt wana adeseniOed ear er. a eee ers 257 Remeriearleserison. Robson, Peak GistriCk.....- acco. .n2-s200ess canes eras 329 “ Georgian,’ erroneously used for Lower Cambrian series...... ee. Boats 305 GeavuviecaOtaterages, class described ser sce cs. ta mente ara ietoge orate toa 127 MEMMSe OMIA ETEELEUMOM na elaewioe oo he ee aad ares th es 12 Repscsentea Dy LOUL SENECA a: Ai. = eo noe tiocawa = God sears cor III gibbosus, see Hyolithes. Gibraltar Bluff, Wisconsin, Upper Cambrian locality 86................. 360 gigantea, see Anomalocaris. gilberti, see Olenellus. glabra, see Orthotheca. glacialis, see Lepidurus. Gneiss, kata-biotite-orthoclase, mentioned.................-02-002 00000 I51 Coocrich. &.S. atthor of section on Holothurtoidea....:..)...22.22-.c%. 149 Goodsir formation, British Columbia, Lower Ordovican............ 231-234 POSSUMELEO MN aNISteM: Ua Pansy weep cata ete As trap sh ate tlces, bebe 230 AT ANTNCC MEN paP NL ANIM ee ores ge perce i rk Shee aiedayes cia) eisysle ees hl toe ete heen a 230 gracilens, see Pikaia. gracilis, see Mollisonia, Pollingeria, and Selkirkia. Merrie Me Ty IP ONKIAT TOCKS Ob. <2 <5 cela r0'thsiq sole ysielatawe> 65 Ride abe ae 2-3 Senles A LIZ Olay (SECON) ee ataeer ete selects: seiner ae 4 Islanousemiescommpaned ewithee aces eee Hees oe > Ane Pinel IBCLY ye) fie A RA eR a TOG oo cok anacom orc. aan Denaro 8 grandis, see Pollingeria and Banffia. -granosa, see Ptychoparia. granulosa, see Ptychaspis and Ptychoparia. granulosus, see Crepicephalus (Loganellus) and Dikelocephalus. Great Slave Lake, Robson Peak district, locality described.............. 329 “Group terms for Lower and Upper Cambrian series of formations”.... 305 3 AAG? INDEX Habel; mountain peak, British Columbia, Ganadaeeesec tc. oer eet 202 Habelia Walcott, new genusdescribedsaasaess eee cee ee ae eee 201=202 between Branchiopoda and Merostomata ................4. 163 characterized: “2.83 te REE Ree oct ee one lone eee 158 Classicatlom. “OF Mic teclelderaretictes-oe le atere stars citenalers Re aN orem 155 representing Micnostomata sank ore onacds cates Peo pea ne 155 optata Walcott, new species deseribed a Ser cas oo Se Wan ets ete ali 202 figured: ‘pli e2o ries G). fe ae eens e Ga cet emig rors caste sitters ere eee 218 appendages? Of: sacha k ee eee ae ee atte ocee as sie Seer: 202 resemblance to Yohota fenuis Jace cer. cs toes octane ce eee eiee 202 “Hardyston quartzite,’ New Jersey, Upper Cambrian locality I1c...... 270 should be Kittatmmny limtestone Crootnote)aan-.se- eee 380 Hall, James, cited in discussion of Calvinella spiniger...........0seeeeeee 390 Cited in discusion on, Megostomuatamner arena tae ates 19 description of Dikelocephalus ? limbatus..........-....... 369 Dikelocephalus minnesotensis cited............00.55- 370 Saukia: pepmiénses cited’. nn 2 isec eee ew we eee ee 381 Dikelocephalus discussed “by > csa~.a56t.-5 oe ee ea 365 and Whitfield, Dikelocephalus mentioned by.........:..........-- 306 . halli, see Wanneria. Hamburs: Ridge, Lower Ordovician localitys 20 Mares eee ane 350 hamburgensis, see Eoorthis and Tellinomya. hartti, see Conocephalites and Dikelocephalus. helena, see Albertella. Hepatic ceca, described: 5c). 2% Seiiak ons.6 oh teuclstwle wie at cee nee See 160 of Burcessia Delars ero ews 5 lens eRe eae cote see 170 of Noardora: compacta an do. 0s s 2. ait ae ee eel 176 Mepatic: tubes! . Shc. e sensi thcer ein lett ae tm oe eae ROE EEE cree 160 hermias, see Anomecarella. Hihuna (owl) River (== West Branch: Moose River))....... 4a. oe ee 331 ME WA MAMIE, Gy cccareaune cone cisen: cop dame ae oe Te ee ee ee 333 Hinckley sandstone, listed with Upper Cambrian of Minnesota........... St8 Hhinudimea,, (leeches): compared: with Ottorase aces cece eee cemeteries 127 relation to Chatopodar oes. ccm eee cee nee III Hitka (brown) Mountain, Indian name applied to mountain, Robson Peak district, specific name taken from.............. 312 illustrated: “pl. 57) he. = oe cs cee eee oe eee ee 338-339 TLEW, STAINING 1 asta acct sane nC eee Jo Vin Revers 333 Hitka formation, comparative stratigraphic sections...............++.:: 343 in=stratisnaphic: Section eaten etree ee een rere 338 new formation Mame: 2.'F5.5 chad o Nacin soci eo re er ee ene 334 Summary .stravicraphicusech(Oneees acer eee etree eee 341 Hitka Pass, western Alberta, Lower Cambrian locality 61k.......... 311-326 . hitka, see Lingulella. Hoeferia Redlich (= Redlichia Cossmann), former and present generic reference < JS Be oe ea ee 71 hoffi, see Ellipsocephalus. Hoka, Minnesota, Upper Cambrian Jocality 346d nearsa.ssense eee eee 373 ee INDEX 447 PAGE Holmia and Paradoxides, Olenopsis as intermediate form............... 2390 Rverulp, compared with Holmta ? macer... 2.00.02 0008 teee wes B13 14 2 macer Walcott, new species described... ..-............02--00 313 HCA CCl emp) ae Aaa Conn RTO a ness Peet ols yore kiss cisrs cay merehene was 326 COMpared swith —lOlMiaRPCMMlID cilee serch e ale clecls ie leis 213) B04 EROUNUGMT OTE TAS i aca er eke crcl nie ee lareve sone ujevicustel ns ie 314 Fame compared withvH GM 2) MACE sero sce sos oes cae eae es 314 OccuLrence win) Southwestern! Nevadar-... 2. -..545.5. 50. 13 Holopea sweeti Whitfield, listed with St. Lawrence fauna............... 35 CecweelteNVuitheld listed trom locality, 78. .4-...- 5.6 ose see. = 361 Etolouninicnsee icone riti shin @olittultare aogier ceteris) is os oe cle sieves. stone 42 ROTM VC Clean Gani ttaimeree eee mictoneiure tie acre meer ike et enolase 43 CUASAiiMMALICMUlMStiALIGIMN Oe eerie tee acetals 267 HCCC DIA MSNA eA eee 4 Amaia either A an atone a lau eral 292 histedmhromeieotsdaim-=lloyis talitiawa. 2. sete ase a ere eee 254 LAnounnesaeichwald’cenus, maimed. cnt. tamed 6 eg wale Uae eee ee entered s 265 carinatus Matthew, compared with Selkirkia major............... I2I HITS Cem ee Os ee fae tee are see eee ee (etc Lanett Ns Sty er bra 136 listedwinestratl oraphiGesechioneess wereete a tcmins ccc aces tees 337 ? corrugatus Walcott, listed with St. Lawrence fauna.............. 356 cybele Walcott, associated with Orthotheca glabra................ 76 mApvposussalleands Wihttheld.s described sesso ccee cee. oes ees one > oe 265 AIOE ep WA melaiSemaNs Ohne ree te ie Cuanerers ste aac tereh mole eae ojo ae oh oie 292 ‘Teh Guaele aking alee Bacrichas SAREE aN? ca es La. oe ee ae re 265 listede trom: Potsdam-bloyt tana a. aeacesseses sees fs .c 254 primordialis Hall, listed from Eau Claire formation.............. 358 Spetiats, listed im straticraphie sections . o.. 2954.6 ve o245. 6 Sees 336, 339 Newmlowerm Gana nian Sibutramine ess cles. 310 iynapaiia meccher order mamed:..icik2 te... ce bobs dove oo. beets we pee 195 Glassiti cat Ones Ole teen Meee mene creat tices are str ehd rete 154 vpOstcmavOr labrum ss se. a carh scam ciseiewie eee ve aise roles a bie eiencre Se aeera. sete 15 Ice River Valley, British Columbia, Goodsir formation, Lower Or- oviGiarneel 2. rates e On oe eerie ean 232-234 tdahoensis, see Acrotreta. iddimes; Joseph: collections made by, desenibedias.-.. 225-7 4-0--0-85- 69 iddingst, see Asaphiscus. eI cee ETT O11 ly mites ica, Senin cd ica aca ONE beer ener Res Uma tae oes ee weet Savers 196 Illenurus elongatus Walcott, new species, associated with Dikelocephalus LEAL SLITS RE cope ec) SEERA, el Pre Siete 8 oe enna S, eens 368 eurekensis Walcott, listed from locality 201a....................-. 359 quadratus Hall, associated with Osceolia osceola...........4...4.. 386 listsderromplocalitiess 7 Sucmdegio Dinas yaeina cane css ase eee ase 361 HLOMM LOCALES eS Seat Ges. Okie atiae cere ties a «aerate trees cae 360 WHEL Coe lech Wen Cem matinicler treme ee loticico a. eect eieiatie ¢ 356 HS D PeMISte Gs rOMm= Sta lA WwhEMGCE PATA ts «<5 cet cs ctield es ito ee carers aac 350 (Carelisted sinustratiaraplile sector ccm secs aiecee citer 336 (Cb) elistedkin straticnaphicesectionesm erste eee ore comes 336 Spun associated: within SGwkia TUSCAN + fee sees Ae ose 383 hstedmiroinl Onda LonmahiOm cere ce eee oc oecaie oe aces os 355 Illustrations listed, “ Abrupt Appearance of Cambrian Fauna”.......... I MiCanibriahetatinasnote Citta: eeeeenie aati on creole oe 69 “Cambrian formations, Robson Peak district”............. 328 ~Cambro-Ordovician boundatyasesoee aces ee cease sae 22 niirelocephalus and other eenmenay cae esc suicc sees sd em bs 346 oMiddles Cambnriane Aninelidsines sacwise cece aeee + atte oo ate cre: 110 “Middle Cambrian Branchiopoda, Malacostraca, Trilobita, andwMierostameataa meme co est cities ovina clieomeets 148 450 INDEX Illustrations listed—Continued. PAGE “Middle Cambrian Holothurians and Meduse”............ 41 “MiddiesGambrianeMerostomatas +i eas note ean 17 “New. Lower Cambrianssubtatinas «22-12 ose eiaeeem ere re 300 “New York Potsdani-Héyt fauna? ju 25. da.ce sk «somes 252 “Sardinian Cambrian Gentis Olenopsis”....i..00.0.000+-2 248 Indiana’ dermatovdea, representins; Ostracodaj)-4..-- - 4232 o+s-265 62) 157 Indianidz, foreshadowed by Burgess shale fauna.................-..---- 165 inex pectans, see Conokephalina and Sidneyia. inflata, see Ineuyia and Ptychoparia. Inouye, Kinos Ka, generic name given in recognition Of..............+--- 8I Incuyia WValeott.news cenusidescribeds meas ace eke eke ae eee ree ere 80 comparedswith, Aeraylos =he ies tee eee ees oe eee ae 80 genotype, Algraulos copay se W alcott...c-ne pee eee 8o abaris (Walcott) (=Agraulos abaris Walcott), present and for- Mer CEneric, FELEKECe 7. aeree reesei eer 70 resemblance -to: Zor aulos, oes atau ateied ieee ere eee 81 ? acalle (Walcott) (= Agranuios acalle Walcott), present and for- iner Generic neLerencess.e pees eee eee ee 70 resemblance to Agraulosti.< osesce iter one eee ee 8I ? armatus (Walcott) (= Agraulos armatus Walcott), present and former generic Treference:.-e- =.cc sense eee eee 70 capax (Walcott); characterizedin. caesar ioe aera eee SI (=Agraulos (?) capax Walcott), present and former ge- NETICEHEHEREN COseuts we nwac ches eA ee ee 70 listed: |Gambrianstaunasior Chinasseepesce ae eaters 73 old species*made typelof newseents..- <--mcee eames ase 72 divi (Walcott) (= Agraulos divi Walcott), present and former ge- TETIC HKERELFENCE: 2.0. cee eee eee La ee 70 ?-unnata (Walcott), characterize onscaete oe eee aa eee 81 compared: ‘with Jnowyie 2 this es)./16< se oes es Sao ele 81 (= Ptychoparia inflata Walcott), present and former ge- NeLicrreherencer% cs). maces bank eae eee eee AY melie (Walcott) (=Agraulos (?) melie Walcott), present and for- mer ige€nericinererence ©. sa... seed ones ee eae 70 ? regularis (Walcott) (= Agraulos regularis Walcott), present and former generic: reference: Macetmasseeae hae 70 TFESEMHlANCE £0 E7 AULO SI a eka onto Ceo een Ie eee 81 2 this Ge \Wialcott mewasDeGlesk@esGrI bed ermine see tee een 81 figured, pl Gay few Sacae ee eein oe ae ee ee oer: 102 compared with Inoupiestittanmic. dion. eso eeeee eee 81 Inouyia inflata ...5.......-5 54 SS A aes nee 81 A SPOMLOS AUSOS Vo.5% se odessa econ Lee ee ee 81 listed {Cambrian taunasoiChinaseectsee eee eee eee xterra titiana (Walcott), compared with Inowyta ? thisbe................ 81 (= Ptychoparia titiana Walcott), present and former generic referenC@ ca. toda’. Sas date Te Ee eee Te not referred! first to, Agravloseacs. wate eee eee ee eee 80 msignis, see Scotoplanes. intermedia, see Solenopleura and Ptychoparia (Liostracus). INDEX 451 PAGE fntcoduction,. Abrupt appearance of Cambrian fauna”. .... 005. ..e00.5.% sent Saar itatahatiiasno teu iin) sr ayneria iste ci ecieral aeee tiecees) aisronaere ns Steen 69 Cambrian ronmatonsehopsoml meakdiStnict (. ..seclec+ son. se ook 328 “ Cambro-Ordovician Boundary, British Columbia”.............. 229 sm UCCLOCEpMOlns sands Other Gene»nray posi atte cietei-ve cient oho hehe 346 pe Middilem@ambiaanneAim eliclsizgtyarjec.sttctraeitiertie oaetete 36 Sia iat niet-eeke 110 “Middle Cambrian Branchiopoda, Malacostraca, Trilobita, and IMMER OStOtmaltain era cece eter ucuee rece ising eke te Oates 148 “ Middle Cambrian Holothurians and Medusx”.................. 2 ee Micddien@Gambrianme Werostomata sions aeisrnsisen teens sere ole tlhe eee 18 ee NCwWaleOwetn Catmbinianusib halite miyermryeccenee. tacos. deca 309 SN ew Y Obi pe Otsdail-t1Oyt, £AUNa 25 5 <6 Papa Mra. vie 6 Riaisten sc lcrates 252 “The Sardinian Cambrian genus Olenopsis in America”.......... 239 lowaseipnerr Cambrian locality. S6b at wansing . 2.6. a..s44+.c0ecnsssesn-. - 371 iowensis, see Dikelocephalus. Iphionella cimex De Quatrefages, compared with [liwaria corrugata... 124 iphis, see Obolus (Westonia). irregularis, see Canadia. ios cmiepresenting: ehivllocaridals, «se ave a .o.2ck, cfoteie.< eive sete reysucio ties a hl Jeustele 155 yanmnean (black rock) Mountain (== Rearotianrd)\< accesses cee. os 0cs5e 331 M) CQVSAT MINA C sertegtaehey Seto aE ey eA Ua eo PoE senses oss aes 332 Robson Peak district, illustrated, pl. 58, figs. I, 2.......:. 340-341 ECeXi bail Og NI-O eye ree rR enC tere eye, tener aay site dria dewe se 331 japonica, see Nicomache. NiessupaleeMe photographisibyamentlomedin nse aetigee te sce + aici sea. 2s sis 30 Homdamnonmation) Gescniptlonsand fatina Ole. a. eeeacdsaesel ace sees a: 355 MM PLOVISTOnalaciassiicatOnmer aie seei acters deco a seine rice 354 listed wath’ Upper ‘Cambrian of Minnesota..:.............. 353 fanece ore Mikelocephalinarnttmancacn: seme ee aches ae oe 359 Jordan sandstone fauna, Calvinella ozarkensis in..............0 00000000 359 junia, see Saukia. Peaahaite. mentioned by. S.: larsetiy Jric.2 vcile. ch. ci ede wae wae asin 149-150 Kata-biotite-orthoclase gneiss, mentioned...............c0ccee cece eeeeee 151 Kayser, Emanuel, Cambrian brachiopods from China, described by...... 69 kayseri, see Eoorthis and Plectorthis. ecseville, New York, unnumbered locality...%.2.....0...0...02..000-- 202 Meithaeaninitt bibliographicureterencessa-1..1-.6 02..sues ass soeeesace ac 15 cited on southern Appalachian pre-Cambrian................ 9, II PE ectiy wath SUStCM!, aereene oe eee eee 160 typical: branchiopod) -0 he wot asec oe eee ee Oe: 163 eS INDEX _ 453 Leanchoilia—Continued. PAGE superlata Walcott, new species described...............----- 2-0 eee 170 HeGreds tle oi hilt On. us ass nusae sacked sates © APE See Ss eee AOPENUAECSUOE- oe cance wba pg aee et ie be Se lads Seeleea cave 171 stratigraphic position and assOciation......5. 52. 0. .-5..-e8-- 153 leblanci, see Olenoides. Leith, see Van Hise. Leperditia armata, from Aylmer sandstone, named and discussed........ 253 sp. ?, from Ayimer sandstone, named and discussed.............. 253 Lepidurus, compared with Burgessta .. 20.5.0. d cece cine een ee eens 165 carapace of, compared with Burgessia bella.........2+....4. 179 Compared with Marrella splendcwse. 22. ... 25-6 ee «2-0 192 IGEIGIIST BETEGEEG LO” 2 s2e aes ence ced oe a noes oF pees eel hee we 176 Lepidurus-like carapace of Burgessia, mentioned.............-++--++--- 162 leptenarum, see Saukia. Leptostraca, relations of, to Branchiopoda, Malacostraca, Trilobita, and INGrostoiata ee Oa nee ee ee te ieee ree 163 ieee ©, W. phoetograpus by, text figs! TNS 12.2.0 oewc soe oe eee 330, 331 leucosia, see Saukia. edistaeNValcotts newieentis) described. s.cn.c- oe seme aoc Scie “ele oe 86 genotype, Agraulos agenor Walcott............--..--eeeee- 86 RARIRHa NC VWAICOth a ChaGaClenizedss o..2 fas arn spielen tieco ten «sienierels 86 (= Menocephalus adrastia Walcott), present and former ge- MeHiIGeEeLEGEMCOs var Access ackevs ea eeiers aoe) tslave a agenor (Walcott) (= Agraulos agenor Walcott), present and for- Merywenenic TELEGLENCE, sese-sc cies ose cosa ees 70 feqaeede fila lye Met 7 o.oo tone + Rede Oe te ari eee ee 104 EMO PEROL ULL CISUE stele da nee eee RO le BOE SNe atae 86 hsted, . Cambrianctamnascone Chimay os.cth Anche tel sele be nies 73 old’species: made type ob news Genusjqa-t trae etre sein 2 V2 Maswias \Walcott, mew: species. described): 42 qa s-ler ie os se we re 87 HOT CUM lee hI See Spel ester ners cie res kort aetochen ss eee 108 LORRI SS Ay 7a Corea ales ciel al eaee a aialote clas Cae cede Sages 87 associated with Lewvista 10CHOrOSONVs a mele ima dse a eee 87 isted e Cambrian saunas Of (Chitias .i.< Nos j.0anete aioe a2 ee ak 73 richardsomt Walcott, new species described...............00 ee eee 86 HOC Clasp lees ert SoA Ae rarer rn shales suchsveteegce stoic toed terse 6 creer 108 AISHOG UG Walla IC RGOl THOIGTHON Boococadeobooc cae conbadaocer 87 sted = Cambrianh taunase OF TCH ws csda uc aa ea ee Sole wi es 73 iiaw-tune, province of, collection from, by Iddings ... oc... ceri sere 69 ME Wa MMatetia taht Ottis cals. sslee nee suscinmskalere ct tems SA pestacansyoens 69 liches, see Pterocephalus. limbata, see Coosia. limbatum, see Anomocare and Coosia. limbatus, see Dikelocephalus. Limulava Walcott, new suborder described and classified.............. 20, 21 ClassittGatl Omi obestnrcoet at ener eee EPIRA cro rslel dishes ts 155 Compared, with Hinyptenidan (able) eereieteleel © ai -lelele’= = /2)ers) c=! « 20 tiny ptenidalvailds Sip l@sttzomrieiee steke sere clecersicis es «ele --0- see. 232 figwred: pls (35, fsa EO mcrae ors cist lets Wreneveletensie lo Staeaseio ges ieee 230 compared with Dicellomus prolificus and Lingulella butts... 232 GIMENSIONS: 5 3.nyecriSieias Cae a emieeeeneoeeee are ents 233 SUNT MA CO ayis tong rene: oom voice neater Ne Oe coero od ar Oliey ONSEN ERY Ce oliocohe RELA ERS 233 related torODolus uC MOndinia) peso eee ae eee 233 listede trom Goodsin tornmationn sun aeeees eee ee eee 230 ampla (Owen), compared with Lingulella moosensSis.........2.055 232 aiava (Matthew), from Atlantic Province fatina..2.4--.4-sa5-eeer 74 bella (Walcott), compared with Lingulella hitka...............4.. Bie butist, compared with- Lingulella 2? allant.2...20-ce 5-224 ee 232 chapo Walcott; new species: deseribed..;.,.c.c.0.6 «inns Speen. ae eee 3Il fistined; spl: SO si@Ss A-Oi sinc «severe arcdeyavess ete ote aad eee aoe 318 compared with Lingulella schucherti, L. randomensis, L. mosia Osceola. and) Ee PEngilenu dient et acre Bir chupo Walcott, listed in stratigraphic, section. ...0,..0-c. 5 s+ ee 7 330 collicia (Matthew), from Atlantic Province fauna................ 74 davisi (McCoy), compared with Lingulella moosensis............. 232 ferruginea (Salter), from Atlantic Province fauna............... 74 hitka Walcott, new species described. ...........2.0ccccee sess tees 312 fisused: splh Softies. =3..8 eae stun oe See soe eee er ene 318 compared with Lingulella bella (Walcott).................- 312 listed) in istraticraphic sections. -e cesses. > Bee neceasne secs 339 issé ((NV Alcott). thom SheEbnOOke ns hkiG learn ee een eee ence 229 ef. isse Waleott, listed in stratigraphic secthion..226 22.2062 sewcee 336 manchuriensis Walcott, new species described...................-% a4 figuned! tpl tases. 22: alt wine ae ss ee eeba ae eel certs eh eoicielerstetaes 102 compared with Lingulella marcia Walcott...............+.. 74 ; Lymsuleliaxstnualts (CWialeott) neon te seer eee eee listed) (GambsianetaunassoL hinaa--e eee rote cee ace 72 manticula (White), from Rocky Mountain Province Cambrian PAUL aS Jatt. sees i cecoaeie goles 74 listed. from locality “62:80. 2.2 iets oa cama ae oe eee ee 361 cf. manticula White, listed in stratigraphic section...............+. 336 marcia Walcott, new species described...........2.-s--ecceseeees 74 fistired, pl erage ssigalsak scales o letiom en. meet haee enema aires 102 compared with Lingulella manchuriensts.............20.00 74 Linguléellassimilis 22 oe SS ee re ee 75 listed: Cambrian faunas of (Chinaven..245e- be PEE Otis te ota 72 tia i INDEX 455 Lingulella—Continued. PAGE moosensis Walcott, new species described....................-0% 232 TAL SC eal) lea e eet S eo —Osrercy sy dcfoyeierala ones ache a sulagaie st Meceeterreue etevancys 236 compared with Lingulella ampla and L. davisi................ 232 frome Goodsinelo_nimationeacse sce. ose a es coc ce tae a 250) 23k mosia (Hail), listed from Eau Claire formation.................. 358 listedptnomphiranconastOnmatlonens are cess ace eee se oe 357 fromelocalities S55 SO.) and Mage ses oe se ele oleae 360 TOM lOCA litiesey Ora tlde7O Derr ecete a eiearias oe ole cieicn 361 Wiis He lea hen Cemia tinlamerta mat anitetiiac me ere cree sielorers 356 mosia osceola (Walcott), compared with Lingulella chapa......... uel listedetrommMranconiamronmaloninancere mie. 4.6 - sees oem oe 357 HATO CALEY gene tone eck @ ein actos ain wiere choles eovbevtyers 361 Wit fea WeNGemtatinameryeimy er ressctorereren we raterteln are-iele As nanno (Walcott), from Atlantic Province fauna.................. 74 owent (Walcott), listed from Franconia formation................ 357 Sted minomelocalitves ot Talc Gee cee cine cola mere ere 360 perattenuata (Whitfield), compared with Lingulella chapa........ 311 phaon (Walcott), listed from Eau Claire formation............... 358 sted: from: Pranconta LOmmatOM 5. ers ie hoe oe ee 4 SOF “ Lingulella pinnaformis Owen,’ compared with Lingulella (Lingulepis) acumuata (Conrad) escent seen a tian 288 pogonipensis (Walcott), listed from locality 201a................. 3590 Lesion (Conrad NUS) Gelall)pidescribed= sas cci acs cece ee 262 HTT Clap wa wet: 5 an SAINT case eepee ee de) ayers eke wists ate wa Sarah a deses 288 from “ Saratogan ” fauna, Dutchess County, New York...... 255 LTD S IVE] OLIV Vay yet cee RUS hiereeee Ae he Ye ites Sune oters seus ne 262 histed= iron Potsdam-Hoyt: Fauna ss.) cosans caves Geen a's 0 2s 254 punciata.( Walcott), listed from locality 62. 2..5 054 6. dese0+ eee ee 361 randomensis (Walcott), compared with Lingulella chapa.......... 300 schucherti (Walcott), compared with Lingulella chapa............ 311 similis (Walcott), compared with Lingulella manchuriensis Wal- CO til Mate rest arene olen ede ysteuey er arelieroey eee oleh hove ret rab ore sRove ona rene 74 compared with Linculella, marci@..c 65. © ic a+ viva's os smeeaee ne 75 listed fromubrancoiia, formatiOM ..g25 olay listed underoemusias cee iene ett phe terrier enone Te I4 161 71 241 242 Fil 83 Ol 82 83 82 83 7O 83 7O 83 enn ie INDEX 457 Lisania—Continued. PAGE bura (Walcott) (=Anomocarella ? bura Walcott), present and FOLIMET PeNeLIC TeneLencer a 4c samen ace eee 70 PENOL PEN MIGUGE Cpl ems; mile 2 tote ve cieh cei aee ce ete oe «nee e 104 Sew siA eG Gens ited Am ambit se cc aaia © «tices Lak ents arcrnie len ee 83 CGambirianeatinasO te Chita sescincm cise sae uae: saan 7B oldtspecicsumad eatyperOn mew enusy.4 +44. ce sae oeoe: 72 Ei OUnE ONVALCOtt) palisted sincere @entseme os) soc + va senate: 83 Little Falls dolomite, included by Miller in Potsdam sandstone.......... 255 Little Grizzly Peak, Robson Peak district, illustrated, pl. 58, fig. 1..... 340-341 BE Se oi 2 taal as resi statcas ecraices aicteehelegn sos sieve Sates Gone» ins 331 lAnoOEsewiesm compared wit Grande Canyon) Semies...-c426e 2) os nodes 4-5 lodensis, see Dikelocephalus and Saukia. Kogan, Sir William E., cited in discussion of Protichmtes:............... 275 collectinesdone under dinection Ol meneeess semen stee sees. : 86 logananus, see Protichnites. loganellus, see Crepicephalus. Wonghonephalus Owe, Genus mameds css. ccse ce tacos ose eens esas ven 270 ASSOCIATION OL, swith GOMOKEPNAIHG. sessed. see cote eee .c.: 362 hamulus Owen, listed from Franconia formation.................. 357 minor Shumard, listed from Eau Claire formation................. 35 wisconsinensis Owen, listed from Franconia formation............ 357 [istederrommocalitwe7 Oana cor iae: pect reece aos stays 359 Galcrenus (NVialcott)adescribedtaonea-cisa cee aceiecceec.ct + oc 5. 270 IS TIGe Cap liEAS IIe S sn —MO MOGs an sreieiabin asim eich sree usc 292 compared with Dikelocephalus harttt.................+++.-- 274 from “ Saratogan” fauna, Dutchess County, New York..... 255 MAES Olly TIvames, ete heey er eus tere MRI hoi ei Meonerelevees oes aud kas 270 listed trom Potsdam-—blovt, tantia: 25... 20.00s ste. hese es 254 related to Lonchocephalus wisconsinensis ...........+.0005: 271 CieeGOlGiienU SAGO ay KattatininyealimMestOmessnes 4544 asec eee cae 255 tellus (Walcott) (= Ptychoparia tellus Walcott), present and for- IMETPUMENEeHIC -HERCHEMGCEs mya ches avons ae reves oles, «eal 72 wisconsinensis (Owen), compared with Lonchocephalus calciferus GV iallcott) Meee ewe peter hewias ateah aes ake lreneeis ial Meouise ae NVial Cott, new) SemlUs (eSCLIDEd. a dasnediecloscc cm eeenss ges. cs 53 KETOLADIS, ILA) GS MAGIC ON(! Gooeccenoncuecoudoudeou0ndC 53 pedunculata Walcott, new species described..............0+0-++020> 53 HT Lte Cha eels Al Sie Alene ra natacseya era larav ol Aree Sher e/a ae eeetae vane ee 68 compared. with Scotoplanes insignis: Theeélln. 22..5041.. 222.6: 53 representing Elolothurindse 5... ..as.c0 8. sakletGe on cealecae A5 Stratiagapiicr position aldsassoclationetees- cestode aes 153 Lower Cambrian, Bosworth section, stratigraphic section................ 342 Cambrian system, stratigraphic section, Robson Peak district....... 338 LMA ESM a Or sheen Cm aetve cet clays seyatcte eitreke eiieecieie isieve/ e+ 2 SEN EKA gia GO CEUME Mea We lay ere nctonsrs ose reer ere revi Rates Ae cron elole Sintate ee! & 155 localitvecv, Dearhornkiver section) Montanann see ae etee.-c..- 244 localities 12vV and 12w, Lancaster, Pennsylvania..............246, 314 localities 35¢€, 35m, 57t, and 58q, Canada....................242-243 Localitynomk- Miahtosrormatlon, Alberta erste dere creer nels i>: 311-326 458 INDEX Lower Cambrian—Continued. PAGE new -subfauna, review Of MiddleiGambirtaneAnnelidsiemmsee aaa ee ces nlite RAYS Soci baat 109 “oMiddle*@ambrianw Merostomatas( mama aeeierae eee ae eee eee ae 17 Miettestornationy Belt series. spre- Canina eee eine eae 340 Summarys Stratiorap hic Sechiony saree eee eerie 341 Miette sandstones: mew 1opmeation: manne) emission elena 335 Miller, William J., opinion on horizon of Potsdam sandstone, cited....... 255 Miniohan (through the water) Mountains, new name................... 333 Robson Peakidistrict, cllustratedspl 54a leer] eee eee 338-330 miniscaensis, see Dikelocephalus and Ptychaspis. Minneiska, Minnesota, Upper Cambrian locality 99...............-0- 379, 388 Upper Cambrian localitys 32 0haner. cease aaeeeeees 371 Minnesota, former classification of Upper Cambrian formations in....... 353 geographic distribution of Dikelocephalus in... 0.02 20.00. te -ss ess 364 range’ of-Dikelocephalinzetinim » eters ane ioe te teeta ees 359 INDEX . 463 Minnesota—Continued. PAGE Wpper Cambrian locality;S3* at Trempealeau...\.....c0c..% 0.56855 Brit O7satelealces Pepin eva ce epee ee taco Ao dates nee 371 OonrataMininies aero ccresie veto scale choocietee eee 379, 388 rresatelayGrangse Mountains. 1s. ercieie as cee ne 360 V2 OinateViinneisicasererraciss oc etsentoeisitot oreo 371 PAGO SATIS tape eee re eee oe ree a eae ee ele area B78 minnesotensis, see Dikelocephalus. minor, see Ottoia, Lonchocephalus and Ptychoparia. minuta, see Ptychoparia. minutissima, see Pelagiella and Platyceras. minutus, see Conocephalites. miqueli, see Asaphelina. misa, see Conokephalina and Dikelocephalus. Misko Pass and Creek, generic name derived from.....:............+.-- 114 Miskoa Walcott, new order described ............. DP REA AES 0p. IiZ3 VMiesrola NVAleotiaews Sentis: described. 74.2.) steeds teledes so asce sec +o. II4 SENOLY PE, MESO PLECIOSED |: Sidn)'s ddd Sah ais 3e Laem aol SHS 114 Strauoraphiicwrancems sa sata eicc scene ae co cae eran cis) oes SS II4 SeOrLAp Mi CrcisthibuciOnmaiee omnes on sectors oe ernie s ocis ote 114 prectosa Walcott, new ‘species described ....5.. 22.6.0. chcce ees deess 114 AI OAIE Ce Mley Moat Gn Pacer wh secs yo eek eieae ay cera on riedetete lis claeie aa) 134 Entei Ca Camallece rene aA take ovate rime cea eieekt ons Sib a ebae nc ches exe 115 locality compared with that of Banffia constricta............. 131 ANOMPMEIOLATIC SHARE aie Rete rie Cee OI: oe were soel neo II5 Paha POC wea ees acters Cl tcanale stata iinaus SeFars TI5 DLOWOSCIS eter oe erase steels eT eR Te es was 115 Sthatioraphic position andy association... ...-scle+ cesses se se 152 GRIER Yeon, tn 5 haa Oo a ESD Ota oaks Be Ue OOo eee els IMaskoides Walcott ew, famiullyadeseribedas..-- ss: «e+e sees sis so eels 113 compared swaths Gepliyieal eats ess orate cre siete er= 3 aie sua cde ote. tele 113 HOlgeiceta tise ts actos th Rotas Sates we Bean « Bale yards 114 MSRISEMIpE ACA, PIR CLOCEPNGIWS UM va ierocyx0,s ccc. Shad Sab -'s sacks ce esas tate wes 359 Mississippi Valley, Dikelocephalus minnesotensis confined to............. 370 MAScounienancenon Mikelocephalimes 11s. «ee ei sek eeercit ee eine «= Coen eae 359 Winpenaeambrniant 2otosimlimestonen.qae cet cise soe ceie er 19 Molar, mountain peak, Alberta, Canada ...... Fae OA teas cick nare cee 200 MiplariqgaWialcotte new sents: GISCUSSEG ec ccs sec sade soe ce een ecmuseooeee 200 between Branchiopoda and Merostomata .................+- 163 CHALACtERIZe UE. EN eemeioe ere te ue Oa Se Cate OE eee Ee 158 GlISsilicatlOMeOlwce. achiral econ eRe eine 155 emipoaite: and protopodite’ OF A. ot isthe ctuit tad Jets ce kk ae 159 REPHESentines IMeELOStOMata, siecle ae oon ek nie cise cre 155 spumyera Walcott, new species described. ci. eine he lec e ees < 200 MEtubeEed.. plIi2O, Miss: Te Sur. pice elas eskere Acustica es spokes + 218 APPEMGACeSiaO ts eclieeias ee Ser ert DASA PS eee Tas oe 200 compared with Nathorstta trawsitans 2.5......-22++-5ss+s- 195 TElkeds LOM MErAla ella UrOGetasae akelleiieeenio ee cence eae 201 TFElAtlOMMLON IN ALVOTASIIG ENO MSILCWSa erste aloes oe cele ene eee IOI Stratierapave Position. gid ASSOCIatiOn <2) weeds sn. dons wee 152 464 INDEX PAGE Mollison Creek, British Columbia, Goodsir formation, Lower Ordovician.. 232 Mollison Montane brits Columbians. efe ee eee eee nee eee 196 mollisonensis, see Obolus. Mollisonta Walcott, new. genus ‘deseribed...22254) 2.2 2b. Bw. boa oak eee 196 ClaSSHMCATIONGOE vececte ee ee Oe Ooo Ce Gon ata Cee 154 compared with Agnostus and. Microdiscus .............++-. 196 tentatively referred to Microdiscide Koken................. 195 thorax of, recalls Bohemilla stupenda Barrande............ 196 ment(omed® 3 sere Serra Ae erat arche aia aioe te OO eee 155 gracilis Walcott, new species described........... Heit etek ee 197 feured, pl. Gay eA Sea ote costa bh oetis Oe br cee eyo tae Bike 208 compared with Mollisonia symmetrica ...........00eeeeenes 198 Straticraphie position andwassociatiom mate acide sie ee 1528 2, 7ara, \Valeottanle we Species eScnibed ar seam eciinien ete eels 198 hetuneds pl. 24s) 0 anda eset erence eee a ieee 208 Stratigiapliic Position and: assOclatiomerins ee rites tenes 152 symmetrica Walcott, new species described.............2.e+eeeeee 196 HetinE ds, (pl SAY MS: 3 sievacuessingueeravtd OAS Oe We Oe Oe 208 compared wath Mollisonia gracilis. sc. a2 ek eee ieee ieee 198 monilifera, see Mickwitzia. monket, see Stephanocare. Montana, Altyn limestone, Algonkian locality T4y........0....+.-+s-5-- 4O Dearborn River section, Lower Cambrian locality 4v............. 244 geographic distribution of Dikelocephalus in..............00-e00e- 364 locality (151) of Dikelocephalus sp. undt. (footnote)........ 301 occurrence of Olenopsis inly-.s.scise sac oe here Ee eee 240 SEQ, AISCUSSER! hci bes. chee te ee ee es eet oie rs en ee ee ene 3 Monte Cristo mine, locality (zob) of Saukia coloradoensis............++. 377 montis, see Agnostus. Mooers; Clinton Gounty. New “ork, trailssinoma. asec eee eee eter 286 Moose Creek Valley, British Columbia, Goodsir formation, Lower Ordo- VICUAIN aire: sag aiehe wes oa oR kee eye Tepe oe (cna aes ae 231-234 Moose Pass, Robson’) Peak district; locality described cer---ens5 -eaaeee 329 iMustrated Stexteie. (10 ot ase eretiehes sarccatcee ke eee 330 Moose River (= East Branch MoosewRiver)) 2. se. oe eace ae ee cee eee 331 moosensis, see Lingulella. Morgans Creek, Texas, Upper Cambrian locality 70a near............... 359 Morrisons formation Wartonnetted one aeeaee eerie een eerie 7 mosia, see Lingulella. Mount: Bident! Albbertar ajecess os coe ce meee Gace teehee econ ee 174 MountiGarnarvon, oritish Columbiassn sete eceee oer ee eteee 180 Mount BieldsBritish Golumbiasesn cede sce eee eee eee 188 Middle Gambian vais awk ade cane ook alee ae eee 17-38 and Mount Waptay newalocalityaacmcerecmoe tee ae cote 18 Mount? Fitzwilliam, Robson teakcidistricte seeecee seein een aerate 340 locality «described! 29 Sax. onaeectee sie se ee ees ee oes eae 330 Mount Habel? British @olimilbiaee. erence crrceictetiereree eee ennai ieee 202 Mount Hurd “British Columbiayssossecetece tee neat eine ere 186 Mount McEvoy, Robson Peak district, locality described................ 330 Mount Molar, Alberta... s..cciesloc ces octet nee Oe ee eee 200 yr INDEX 405 PAGE Mount vollison pe nitishy Columbia sac eee caen eee «eee: eine oreo 196 Goodsig formation, Lower Ordovician. saseeeeeee ene 231-234 NMouinia© darayas british Columbia ce sem crec.- @ cls clejeus is oi cis Yel lel oieterel«plel 188 Mount cleesNopson mealcadistricts ce cles aa cisicm stile o thie oa taiers eters wicker 340 Mount Resplendent, Robson Peak district, illustrated, pl. 57, fig. 2... .338-339 Peps Gerke ea eect Pt aPriciay cts 1a Ste uvelab ate abe havs suchas Sis aletora revel 340-341 Monit obsonmichangedstoopsomlneale eicn ceils ascii scis ceo necks are eee eset 331 Mount Simon formation, in provisional classification.................++- 354 Mount Stephen, British Columbia, Middle Cambrian locality 14s........ 136 Fanvonsgtin LObites ocallitymre we mne.cctavesrteie Pah eats CIO See one seekers 18 Mottin Moot-toot, chanced to McEvoy, Motntaimi.c- 26-502 .2.+-4ee- 331 MUA reat eae tT: ANU eTaticde ete eae ds elec g tain wet cata oc oot acai cal gu Blea vayo, ah ss SualSrere aaa Oe os 187 “Wonk Weyies Bernas (Collings sab ouncd oopaneod Gsnoedood podeeebomee 181 Middle gary ritanemeis: cna eats aera car eherre ils Reae eoedenisuava va socks 17-38 ideViG untaknell diae wel OCalliitrymy-mtevaci sternite aiellasale acl Meee sree creme ares 18 Mount Whyte formation, Albertella zone, Lower Cambrian locality 315 Ee eee aie il eee eee ae ans AO OAS GOMmMpanrativerstratteraphic SecthlOMSe sacs ne areca a+ peer cet 343 Lower Cambrian localities, 576 and) 58qs-222.24422..4- +: 242-243 SHMMMAtayaS Lat cy iCMSe Chl Olle mtariae ciev-tieratciansictete ce ieee iciers 342 multicinctus, see Dikelocephalus. multinotatus, see Protichnites. Mumm formation, comparative stratigraphic sections................... 343 Sumimatye stralionaphiGmsectionestarces seeatee ea doe ser aac 341 Miamini limestones. im stratieraphic SECHOtls...0.6eeacs sass ce eee s oe + ans = 337 MCWae ROL atlOM -MAltlee enrce) snicrMiemicrersetom woe tctors hiss eisls elaree os 334 Mumm Peak, Robson Peak district, illustrated, pl. 57, fig. 1.......... 338-339 DES Cis, ills wie Gol is, We dassauede pba ooeadonedouc 342-343 western Alberta, Lower Cambrian locality 61k.......... 311-326 Mural Glacier, Robson district, block of shale with Lower Cambrian Tre CATN AMR ape eem Nar S eto rey nia nierle ie ele ice otek Pigs cvoere 309-310 Allstate dnp lens OMsrescalee hme artemis le succt. eivdeudlote’s ofssncvrens 342-343 DIM SOFA OM aly sereesrsyetoricts Rear areis chore titel a camiesalcder cmt toc oes 342-343 western Alberta, Lower Cambrian locality 61k.......... 311-326 muralensis, see Mickwitzia. murchisont, see Serpulites. Murchisonia sp. undt., listed with St. Lawrence fauna................... 350 nais, see Chuangia. Ramee M AN ZCTS EBON oe chy oie Cit. Sa a aainaicia ieee auc iis cal Pan iehe Gpeteneis Rion 70 nanno, see Lingulella. Nacae, scoup of lakes, British Columbia, Canada.............0..--scc++e«cs 175 WAT COMANV Alcott New Sens GISCUSSed.). 4.444. aesconeee ee nee ae eee 175 ClASSITEALION MO tue tater etree. itera ere eR Sra a ec are ao er neers ie 154 douplesshitel dot: oka keene se cGrea aie Cia ree 157 HOMIVATIE; TEPLESEMLATIVES! cece mac ateme rectal mee tie 105 SITLCACNO He neeA Tose Nee eel atraretie at eutie ee eee eA Rn ete erst es 157 compacta Walcott, new species described .........05...000e+-ec0ce 175 OMG Chen ea Oh Sao" Ate cys trace ecient arc: ici ive sete 216 APC GAGESMOL! Gucci tiie Ctr Ree Oot eee aa. oa te cone 176 Compared. -withmBiergesstaOellas marae ria soiesice tic cscs ssise es os 176 SimaniohapdIC POSItOleald association... dees sen ceae 153 466 INDEX PAGE Naraoidx; new, family; described: ..15. «213.052 2 ol ee ee 175 classification. Of !2\/.. 0 ce 5 UE oo a Cee 154 nasuta, see Levisia. nasutus, see Conaspis and Conocephalites. Nathorst, Alfred G., generic name Nathorstia in honor of.............-- 194 specific name piven in -honar@f-:. 22 822 .tekecare ee Oe nathorsti, see Peytoia. Nathorstia. Walcott, new genus discussed... 1.0). 04..0..b00 beac nee sees 194 asva seneralizedstimlobitesecc- ace nee ee eee 163 classification at. | 254 ..aues acta ee eee re ok eee ee 154 nor living. epreseuilives<:.. 2.4... ave tee ek eee ETO transitans Walcott, new species described.............s0eeeeeeees 194 hgured: plo 2s eval. Aa saeoeer eee ieee ee 216 appendases OF .2b4c0 Natt we oo eee ee, eee 195 compared with Molaria spiniferd.. :. 2002. eis occ ote ene ae 195" relation*te Molaria spintfetaestr3. Dad sete wc eee IQI stratigraphic. position and associatiotises):-ckocst ee oess lee 153 Nebalia,.tepresentin= .Phyllocarida:} ts. J200eo5--6 338 Reta MOM st Ox OCMOGSTS ra, sic. a Sem eine clea a) oe eae net d Harsha as 239 SiStiiicall CeO LeOCCULEENICO Mem eiet caine cro ciaerciacicricte esi 13 canadensis Walcott, absent from new Lower Cambrian sub-fauna.. 310 compared with Wanweria occidens ...........2..++-2++-+0- 314 listedeinustranonrapliiceSectlomere cycles cit cele de ieee. cae 338 gilbertt Meek, compared with Olenellus truemant................ 316 compared with:-Wamnneria occidens .........+.2.+20000% on gid lapwortht Peach, compared with Olenellus truemant............+- 316 reticulatus Peach, compared with Olenellus truemami.............. 316 thompsoni (Hall), associated with Olenopsis roddyt.............. 240 compared with Olenellus irulemantscs ses. 2 4s6--42 ce 316 truemant Walcott, new species described ..............0..cee0a-s 316 heuredsplyssAe Mass -S=aKOi sare awetew eer eyelalsce le elena Hits slow weeks 326 compared with Olenellus thompsoni, O. gilberti, O. reticula- tus, O. lapworthi, Pedeumias transilans, and Vane rice Wallis ae es ee stsece erste Oe 316 liste dammmstratiotaphiGrsechlOnmaam cae sect ccesa ects ese eicie 3390 Zone lace Latina to be Obtaimeds fron .--sc0 sss ern. asso 310 Spe tindtes listedinesthatlenapniGysectlome aac ts seco ie eile s)-/) describedmas pcne.e aoe ee eeose nearer 242 Aeureds pl 36, iss is-7. caw see eee erie See 248 1F1~/SWTIOMYITY, au; casper otesakes cries oe sees een odie ec Foal a ae ere 242 compared with, Olenopsis, 2 agnesensish eeien ones hee 242 GiSGuUssed, jsyos ere ee eee ree 241 occurrence: idiscassed! Seiahee seaecscast he a ee eee oer 239 Olenus, compared with) Olenopsis soa. dee eee eee eee ee 241 Oneida County, New York, drift block with fossils from................ 253 @neota formation, in) proyisionall classiticationsess eee te eee eee 354 Opabiny a-pass, eeritishs Columbia Canadaveememe ee eerie eerie 167 Opabinia Walcott, new genus: discussed 5:04 eee sess vee se ne 166=167 classification (Gf, sxdtini veoaener tas sens ie eee Cee eee 154 epipodite: andiprotopoditenotemesena-mee nt tee ater ene 159 Vl ee ee ee eee ee eee ee . a a Pilea clita i MNS ponent INDEX 471 Opabinia—Continued. PAGE ‘ LETITIA mes Ohman ep aecc ps icecdorsze te obeiev ovate «Ghali ia) Metereke esi anne ote sco tao Soe 159 SOMES O Lime taste nis SA Roe ree one Ge lor ae chs OGLE Mtoe ene 167 probable ancestor of Polyartemide and Apodide............ 165 SWiliiinl oe rexO POGITESMOT, See craetsiareystisitis elon -le aisteiels sles «= 160 upicalmD aN CHTOpOdsPLESEItue yy taetssaciiee oc store orehe icin sistance «cunts 163 ? media Walcott, new species described ................-eces sees 170 regalis Walcott, new species described...........0...eceececeeeee 167 ELIT Caf eae Oram Crate O eatery ar ten tennede i ctclla Sia bel teehcays eteucue abatiacts 214 101 OO eh PEs pee Eye oh eee Reape ieee a Aes se a avaithais 216 compared with Branchipus vernalis Verrill ..............4. 168 HCL ALA COM OKOGRUae rs eet ema ereiinlcce seleisie isk oe cee 203 Thamnocephalus platyurus Packard .............. 165, 169 eye of, compared with Leanchoilia superlata................ 171 CIT ALCHO heat a -norew a eact ict eect vale, ak ga ene hove oy yMicroke 2 ke see ae ote Soe tne eee 359 from localities: 7onandi7 Deere ee tae reer 301 FFOMe |Ondan LOLMatonee sree eee eee eee 355 with St: “lbawrence> fatiiaeeena ese hie cee ae 356 Ostracoda, ‘descent ols. fa 22 fy Teche ate Coal neon ea ae ete 160-161 foreshadowed by Burgess shale fatinazc seer cree scenes 165 oldest knownnepresentative, ot conics hele eee ere eee 157 EPaceS (Obie eee ee eee eee eee SN ey 2 ea OR ce ee 148 mentioned) #5 eae Coe cee ee ee eee 155 OstracodsineMiddletandsUppes Cambntanee eee eee eerie 157 Ottertail formation, named by Allan........... lowes gintes wile ote eae teen ayer 230 fossils from: Lingulella, Agnostus, and Ptychoparia........ 230 Ottertail limestone, Goodsir horizon, British Columbia.............. 232, 233 Otto ‘Greek, British |Columbia;'Goodsim hiorizon= sae esos ree 2a 2mE2a8 generic mame derived trom. ao. ee ee eee eee 128 oe eee eee ee ee Sel ee de ee ae oe INDEX 473 PAGE Ono NNalcottenew genus describedire canes re's 6 cetelels a oss sr eraiolsieles oe 128 Companredawithnsipunculoidea sd... sa doe. seen alien 128 GISGUSSe CM ee Se areree errr a eee SEIN AAS ae eel, ote 127 SCHON PCO LOU wp rOUUN UCD ae saree cielo aie aie eistte uae cacnev crt a eteere toner 128 EO SEA CaS biel UIEl Oem tarera sete te /alelo hela ct everest Sencha Rin ror sroe ere 128 Shield eucap lat CM mente Cakes leet ey opera ees ow aevetenel oveel erscalisi aievecare, 6 auclobene 128 SUIMEStS Ml GIme ayy (LECCIES)) mia yetciecistac clereclere clelele si aieters ie 127 Roly chiastaey strate tereione cs tehe aera ketal eee as ort ois male 127 minor Walcott, new species described............cecee cee e cece cece 129 ATOMIC MD R22 1 OSAMG OLEH ere a elcrsyasis oe Rolie tries as sce 142 Compared awit O7tosampRolyiGam acces eeee eo see sees aise 129 Of oramie us er rn rn erotik cies moe mest Bake 130 SikaneraphicapositioMsand sassOClationee a4 eee aseieeaeee - 153 prolifica Walcott, new species described.............-.-- ee "7202s HL ETINS CAP ETO sy: MOG ele ys eras eetelneio ie sinlers inereere Ae ores foes. 136 associated with Planolites sp. ?........... Ry RIE evans 142 compared with Aysheaia pedunculata..............-....005- TLE OPOTD LEMS AON eae ts oe NOR a ee Token oot ae Sistas 130 PENOLY POR OL MO UEOLG? seta stress eley-hevore shetevcte eve chore ers tatreies tate nos 128 (Koisoruneal wala Ohinorter Gat Welee no doadogsoodpoeocceohoneudoucr 129 locality compared with that of Banffia constricta............ 131 Stratioraphicapositionand associations sce eeeeeerina es nee) tenuis Walcott, new species described............-.....+s.00-- sn ZO compared with Ottoia minor and O. prolifica.............. 130 Miteitcoe WN alcobt, new tanily described si. ).d sisidards 021. cease we etc wee bs 128 BaniiaaandmO Tord Te berned! Orme seeiclae ascii iste ace ee 128 Otusia sandbergi N. H. Winchell, listed from Franconia formation....... 357 ovalis, see Hymenocaris. Ovando quadrangle, Montana, Lower Cambrian locality 4v............. 2 Owen, David Dale, Dikelocephalus minnesotensis first illustrated by...... 305 species, referred by Hall to Ptychaspis and Conocephalites.. 366 @wen, Richard, cited in discussion of Protichnites.............+......0- 275 Owenella antiquata (Whitfield), listed from locality 78................ 361 Histedidin ortho callityanS Slee ceric. sas a a citckelsele a wieretas mre efarestere s 360 Walkie Copley WETICE MALITI AN yates ae ciel vekley=) svoleFecs. farsa savarcha sie oars 350 cf. antiquata (Whitfield), listed from locality 78b............... 361 vaticima (Hall), listed with St. Lawrence fauna................... 356 histed irom locality BRA alscls 5 5 ties eases eee aX EA eee ee 300 owent, see Anomocarella Conaspis, Conocephalites, Dikelocephalus, and Lingulella. ozarkensis, see Calvinella. Ozarkian formations, correlation of Madison and Mendota with.......... 353 O7arkianorouplor toumanons, cited trom) Uilrichiy.-2 20s ese one eet. 300 @zarkciann(— bower Ordovician +) localities.) assess seer atin serene 390 IPL GVASIONAlEClASSHCAPVOM), 3. cteiacustviers die cue ovine cet ets s,ns< 354 pacifica, see Albertella. acleandeycitednonesylzipmOSstibatl.cctahebietmactcioat ee sera hint eles atone 19 Pedeumias transitans Walcott, associated with Olenopsis roddyt......... 240 compared with Olenellus truemani........:0....0.c00000e0e 316 474 INDEX PAGE Paget formation, comparative stratigraphic sections.................000 343 Summary, Sstratisraphic sections eae eee eee 342 pagoda, see Eoorthis and Plectorthis. Pagodia Walcott, genus named and in synonymy................00.e0005 269 compared. with: Lisania..; x. «oie el a a ee 82 Agraulos, Anomocare, Ptychoparia, Coosia, and SOLER ODICUFE Toon) CONE A OL ve sete. SA 83 dolon Walcott, compared with Pagodia seelyi...........000eeeees 269 seelys Walcott; new, species described: ..)n see asc aaerieen 269 figured. op). qayihes tesa Taha as tables eee ane 294 compared witheeagadian doles. bons eke eee. see 260 listed) from Potsdam=Hiayt faumauelares telat ese eee 254 thea (Walcott), listed from Eau Claire formation..... ....... 358 Paleacmea Hall and Whitfield, genus named and in synonymy.......... 264 wvingt Whitfield, listed from Franconia formation................ 357 typtcea. Halland Whitield: ‘deseribedh. ss. fa eee eee 264 neured, pl. 43, Hest enos. hoe st eset ee en ee 292 listed’ from Potsdam-Heyt fanmade airs ce oe. cee eee 254 Paleozoic ages, referred tye. cpcosu sucess ieee eae Oe ee 166 Paleozoic: Cnustaceasce cae eae "ing cha ae AUD Meee es SERS Oe ae eee 164-165 Paleozoic formations; mentioned...) 2404 toe eee ee eee eee 155 Paleozoic fossils, early study cote by Waleatte oo. . Wo em eee eee oe 253 Palmyra aurifera Ehlers, resemblance of Canadia spinosa to........... » I19 Palmynridee) (compared with Canadtdze Walcotties.-eeee lee eee ne eee oes 118 pannula, see Micromitra (Iphidella). papillatus, see Hyolithellus. Patactinopoda, ‘from Middle- Cambatanainkchis ashe cle eatecce eee 43 Paradoxides, compared with) Protichites .2....) sto taab eae a eee 276 desideratus Barrande, compared with Albertella pacifica.......... 76 Parker andi Haswell citedson Annelrdsss, 4 csieoece« occa oe eee III parva, see Hymenocaris. 5 parvula, see Anomocare. patersoni, see Conaspis and Ptychoparia. Peabody Museum, Yale University, type specimens of Saukia wardi in.... 384 Peace River, Robson! Peak, districtlocalitysdescmbedi.... a.< ee scenes 320 pedunculata, see Aysheaia and Louisella. Pelagiella Matthew, genus named and in synonymy.....................- 266 hove @Wralcott)sadescribedtecrte- eta ttre ee ee 266 neured; pk. 4s diese. 1. Lee ee aa ae eee ee 288 associated and compared with Pelagiella minutissima....... 266 . in -SyNonyriiy«: 2. eins cee Gea es fC ee ee eee 266 listed from -Potsdam-Hoytstautia,2 hoes cae eee eee 254 minutissima (Walcott); deseribeds t.220. sy ace ee eee 266 hisured, spl. at, eso RG Ose sk cane ene pees Gee ee ee 288 In -SyMOiymiy «36S.» «SASS re ee ee ee 266 compared with Pelaczella hopin 222-28. oe. ene eee 266 listed trom, Potsdam-Hoyt faunas o. aac a. see eee eee eee 254 Pelagothuria natatrix Ludwig, compared with Eldonia ludwigi.......... 50 Pelagothuride, represented by Eldonia ludwigi.............0edeeececees 45 Pelmatozoic ancestor, diagrammatic reconstruction of imagined primitive. 43 SS INDEX 475 PAGE “ Pelmatozoic stage,’ Echinodermata passed through................... 44 “ Peltato-digitate ”. tentacles, characterizing Eldonia ludwigi............ 49 Pore (Pysidia), listed an stratioraphic section. :. 2... 66... 6600s ee 336 Pemphigaspis bullata Hall, listed from Eau Claire formation............ 358 Pennsylvania, Lower Cambrian localities 12v and 12w, Lancaster ..246, 314 Mower Ozariian localitiess59msand 5910.-4222n+206-¢-2255 - oes - ee 384 pepinensis, see Dikelocephalus and Saukia. peratienuata, see Lingulella. perfecta, see Callavia and Hymenocaris. perseus, see Conaspis and Conocephalites. emo Walcott, flew genus described. 20225 0. otis Voce ele ce oe eves ve ees 55 SEN OLY Pew a CV LOCA OLILOMS LU aaaerter: eke eho nieriatcl © lei clee ee ms: 2 510 6) e's 5 SEOSLAD MM CucCiS ti tOneee eerie lee sheckler oie cio i-ekele ore 56 StrationaphiGsrancemaeteee ant cere aes ca eiehinins cls eichits 6 en he 56 nathorstt Walcott, new species described...............22.-----00- 56 AIOPIRCON Pg On TSS 6 Lae oes sce bt sais 5 ia shee Mae Ms 69's dike vie ate av 58 ASSOCIaLedawithmeOntaN LWA WIG ane ee eee ode see 51 BIGONIG NILE UIA te oe, ee eye ae nae Sesle eviews 57 PEVEho Paria. COT GUNIETE ax: -pilh we cei dre pO eae 6 ore ie eile = 57 INOUE OUTS: AGG GATUT Oa ROOD OS LO Scien OIE HOOCInI LG SIE 57 StaNeNIG ANERPCCIONS ‘cide ha stakes hae sae secelneee aa 57 compared with Laotira cambria and Medusina costata...... 57 GITMENMSTOMSiapyer mene ree eeays cree eee ance eres ekemetey ae ena s eles 56 Stratieraphic: positioneandsassociahiOmeccee ecm ese reece cae 153 Phillips Mountain, Robson Peak district, new name...................4. 333 IGealtiy -GCESChIDGUer -ssracres: aco cme, toes tie se tote niet © Anree gehtes a etis 320 lustrateds: pla Sylow oer totets cece seta sions sisiets sca ae we 338-339 DIGS Moar apa aaa cin ere eae cele aie hiciccetstecrenal ieisiave 340-341 Phellocarida, ‘descendant from ‘Branchiopoda......... 0000 08.0 bees eens 164 fitshiknowneiny Lower Cambrian by Usorysasee sss soe +s: 155 foreshadowedsbys Burgess shale fauna. cn..4-2-...20.--- = 62: 165 REMRESEMLE DY I CO CMG ora. ccndaleia Nie xe cavstec ctw alte te ek kel ee 162 TNETUBIOMEC pee TA cree AMS aroha hhc aise a a wleie & bheeaes 162 Enullopod bedadescribed and subdivided... 72.5. sf) obs in cee os ee 152 locality, definedwG@rootnote yy yn e.ce-0 oes tthe ek wes e's s oes nae eee 130 pM COPPANCESEOLS., Cll y st2lsie: nae ein iteia alofspats sfsie sais ae alice es tes oe ee cet Eta 166 Pika Mountain, Alberta, generic name derived from................... 132 EAE Alcottenew elela' es 379 SCRAP HCN Come oes saath Siero ee eietee nate oh opekore te aks 379, 382 SARTO MGHONAS Ube So Oe COOP ORD OC da cOCo cantare 379 ESE UGA UOT RPS rosette Tone oes tee Gotohers as 384 FOGMATTO Ms atl dye O Galt yzw-repsrete eis recsteee ye) eel oes ened os ae) 6 0 sre esiei cave 379 in association with Saukia pepinensis (Owen)..........4..-. 382 listed front locality GS... sc. oni qkte wapetinde mars os dade 361 Wwithied eSChipiHomnols eSetts) mrss nrisissteceieteei)s ci-\ eis 375 WitheS ia awrenCes italia asses acu slate eel sislcl= staveltlere as 356 IGG ORM AISCHSSEM. oe cc sa.n ne ag scictoncra tinted aioe nie cara sie Sess » 361 Lodevsisn GN nitiield) s described): cscs ye tite adie tcis ac cln-co iay ene «cele 379 OTIS Cemp op Olt OSMET SP erect tre consis oration cia) oceroemacin secra cies « 402 compared with Conckephalina misa .............+...-2000- 388 SURED a CHES SHINGHEANGIO © ane wierel de elas sen alors eerste conse ogee 27, SLU CUT USEUG Umea Niet ela Nhe ea eras Ole tits eae oes 383 SOMO SUE eo crot OBE COCR OOO CE OC earn coer 384 entinerdorsalashitel dSmotiecia sicuesc caerovercls lorie clei a = cistcruotetelot mesic 347 PGEMALMON At LOCALLY? He: s aye. cs sr ssroka ord eres o°b foe's, Soialelencicees hig wie 380 PEM PE MIOCAMEV ION Uae ate se aucrns eens ded cate eel some seem BOG 11a SYMONYMLY.. 26560 Me PNA fave eu, 2a ys este matinee a eel 379 listedetrom localities: 5) aids SGisc, o.clsersie roto ciareaiele te) ol srevele nate 360 With deseriptlom) Ole PeISin.0 cays ceiiep eile ealelelcelciencieiels 375 WihheStmlcawhencenhatinicencraycctasieoere et sieeiate oeiec ieee 356 PUSEMLOSEHSUGLACE. O La ete avever svar teare eps nxc a cist on. oer axsrercl ener 374 BELA OEAPHIC LANGE! sae od ae boat aoiert ta eating orensiers Oa.p we ee eles 375 vertical range of, compared with Sawkia lodensis........... 360 MATICA SUV AICOtt ic, GESCHIbEO ses pes a2 s0/ctldnee oie tee uues oe dn ee bs 380 Getine angi Ody Ss O, OMe ise hratsi aos uric sence renin tt etvehaveca’s a 400 compared with Saukia pyrene and S. fallax................. 380 formation and: locality :22.2¢-22.5. 0... Mien... BURT ate ye ales 381 486 INDEX Saukia—Continued. _ PAGE marica—Continued. HUE SYTUOMYERMY © i5:0\c srcln ean Wteteee oe ee ete tome ee ei ee 380 lasted trons lopality G2. co.uk eet ee os Ae ee tee eee eee 361 With ‘description of (@entis 14.2.2. 2 een ne ae 375 localityot idiscussediec..cny.n.ccemetoen ne latte eee 361 observations Off Species. acc. oes ake oes oe eon ek Cee " pepinensis (Owen ),-described cai nk: sate uetek ee heats catenins Ra OL hrured! plno7) hess Taras as. vase eu otaee et eoe 406 callsed to Sanka Gumeg |. ..ccr uke tooo oe eee ae oe ae cerns 378. associated with fragments of Dikelocephalus minnesotensis. 370° compared with Seukia fallax v.59 eae bc. see ence neha 378 SAQURIDIEUWCOMA oo tok ee Ee oe ee 379 SOUR. PYVERE .\. canis heaton age ee ae oan eek ete 382 SQmeta: WStOSED. sc) Se Ano eRe eee 384 S\GQURIGYWOTAE, Seon oh Re te. Pee 384 formation and’ locality: -, 228. 228 . Sones aos ee eee 382 SeoTraphnie -CisthibUtlONi en ane Ree ee ee reece 375 in association with Dikelocephalus cf. limbatus, Osceolia OSCEOla atlds Siankia WEucOSIaOnma ne eee eee 382 with Dikelocephalus minnesotensis ..........0000005: 381 i SYMONY TY > Jot cn ae tne eats. See eS ee ME eee 381 listed! fromy localitiesne 5s and an assess e eae eee 360 from: St. Lawrence-tautlas.) ao: cee tot onnes ee eee 356 with description OF Metis, 2 oo cee tee rec cee eee 375 minutely sranulose: stirmace Of 9.. fae. tee sean ees 374 pyrene Walcott; new species. déseribed:.., ... 2. ceo oe teens cae 382 ASsired. “pl. 67, hes s1o-20.<20Gs. ees ee ee ee eee 406 Compared withe side Gllca eee eee eee 378, 382 SGUhis Uieweo sta” @ xaie dsc Gree iene hoe ne ae 370, 382 SQUWRIGHHGVICT 25 Sa Aas SACO ee ee ee 380 Saukia pepinensis ....0ccccteseeee ATSLAN See rae 382 formation: and’ Locality. 11/252. sertret okt on othe eee eee 382 listedo from: loeahity’ 78ers... one ee te ee eee 361 with description’ of genus........... Re eae Cea Coane 375 With Ste lbawinenGertaira a seers remota ereieiy aenreeene 356 locality of, discussed’... +) 0-50-e eee Be Apacer ak A Aer ae Cee 361 cf. pyrene Walcott, listed from Jordan formation.................- 355 rustica \Valeott, new species described: s 205. eens cee aee deen cee 383 « Cexthgs.< TS=2Oi Vi. jake! ater aketeteltale ae teats ee ere ne ee 383 - associated with Eoorthis wichitaensis and Illenurus sp. undt.. 383 compared with Saukia fallax and S. lodensis ...........0.0. 383 listed: with description Greenusvs. a. vossbee cae ee eee 375 stoser Walcott, tie w species: deseribed’...) 25. ac cee atest eee 384 houred, pls'Go, uhesvia ce hae dice wen cleric rater Ee eee 410 ply 70; iS eho eo eee eet esate arenes Cee 412 comparedtwaith=siaw kiailewGosia ee eee eee ote eee 370 Saukia pepimenstsiand’S. fallaw. cas. Geet bas eee 384 formation. and locality: ico. ee eee ee ee 384 geographic wdistnibutionwermsee aoe eee eee eee 375 listed: with: deséription of Semus. deteswane neoes exeen ewes ee 375 occurrence of in Cambro-Ordovician limestones............ 362 ES ee Ea a oy ee 8 ah a dint é. vd . ee ES Oe ee aS IS ne INDEX 487 Saukia—Continued. PAGE Pedrac Waleoit, Hew species: described: : 32: 5245 42-584 605 fe 4 Stank 384 AIC TIBEU AED OO Mule non sei del ke Se Neeacide cis ole a ots eee oreo 410 cOMmpated with Saukig FANGS 6. 2o secs cb cel cales cesses nk eee 378 Saukia leucosia, S. pepinensis, and S. lodensis........ 384 FORMAN Ae LOCALLY. <2 8< oei.c get ok weal Seka sed od ces 385 : REO Sta phic ist MtlOnemermce cae ae ace een eich ee ioe 375 istediwithrdescriptlomior SeinuUSe oc m eas «6 celts cies 4 clele coetcls 375 occurrence of in Cambro-Ordovician limestones............ 362 Scevogyra Whitfield, compared with Matherella...............00+0000 263 Scenella varians, stratigraphic position and association................. 153 Schizambon typicalis Walcott, listed from locality 201a................. 350 Schizopoda, compared with Sidneyia inexpectans........cccccccceeeeces 25 Scimchert hanes, acknowleda@mentsim.ccecce sacs sce os seldes sees eee sce 384 collectiom by, mentioned mate aoeciecreie ok ne eit loot on aioe 346 schucherti, see Lingulella. Scolithus linearts Haldeman ?, listed from Potsdam-Hoyt fauna........ 254 ’ Scotland Station, Pennsylvania, Lower Ozarkian localities 59n and 59 0.. 384 Scotoplanes insignis Theel, compared with Louisella pedunculata......... 53 sculptilis, see Micromitra. Sevpnmouredsas Glass, mamnede st, cam wae. sinks elcee odes hikes oes es leslenees: 55 mecuom.ot playllopod bed’... .svic020c5 dete ce dsc cee cess GPE Ses Oe 152 peamichtation, pre-Cambrian Marine yo ie6 co. 8) ex. tod tices sees odes seven 161 seelyt, see Pagodia. Segmentation, table of cephalic, thoracic, and abdominal segments........ 158 Seikirk Mountain Range, generic name derived from.................... 120 welkirkia Walcott, new genus described’. ..14... 0... ac ceeds oa eecessss 120 SeEuOLy pen OTOL eca Major WN alcOLba seen ee caee sees. 120 PEOSKApMicanGitsunlUtlOlleree ey nies he oe coo as cic enee 120 apecies feterred to Seikinkiae. 22.65 doc. ck eck Oe Ses cdeceus 120 Seana erate at.. Rama e tin peek A tila ee amin’ axe palette are 120 Selkirkia fragilis Walcott, new species described..............0.cceceeee 122 tote Caml es MOM One See ae eh te Meh eroee ae cle ok erae eee am eta oe 136 compared with Selkirkiatgracilis and S. major............... 122 fragits Walcott, new species described....2... 0.20. .c ccc eaceee 122 HOMES CS MIN Om ATOhE Oh aah eo steers cree alae at imeien ¢ pata ee ras acters 136 associated witht GSelRirketd) MOJOT™ ss.’ ss'caccsclcce cvs Coneus 122 compared with Selkirkia fragilis and S. major............5. 122 Shao p hic spPOSiHOne aitdmaSSOClatlOll ma sai tse che aero 153 REMI OE NONN ALEGLE) 4, CESCEIDE. «54:5 5.5 00k be ds oc eke hdesetancstes 120 figured, pl. 10, fig. 6..... REL OT oPa Scie Teter os SET 136 ANIA PEO;EChINes HLOm tube... cece eee eaek oe eesac ne 121 compared with Hyolithes carinatus: Matthew:.............. 121 welvirkva jragiis and: S. Sracswis. . ots ids oc. oe oes dew'ss 2 122 MITE STON SANT RL ete ee ee Ren oar he ona ea noes 121 SRT TAMER TERY Me Ske UL CLO REL tab NES ts cces fe oli wk 120 listed am stratigraphic Section... .+-ss0cs0c. 2s eccessecceecdes 337 stratigraphic position and association..............seeeeeee® 153 senaria, see Calymene. septalis, see Obolus. septem-notatus, see Protichnites. 488 INDEX PAGE SCRI CIES Sinz nae ence eee ree roe bcd dan ya REU SE REIS Salo Rey cea Sele ekoetreret RLS Serpulites murchisoni Hall, listed from locality 113..........-.e008- ... 360 listed with St. Lawrence fauna..... Srseateae te ieee Meretace aioe 356 serratus, see Neolenus. Sessile eyes, Burgessia and Marrella ..... dts eee eee imeem etels Sees 159 setigera, see Canadia. Shakopee formation, in provisional classification.....<.<.-...0% one-one vas 354 Shati-st; new: material irom sseeer eer eo arn een reece oe rent 69 Shan-tune. new material) from eae cceiicle cle cis siete steiner treteeeters 25 169 shantungensis, see Acrotreta. Shantungia Lorenz (= Chuangia Walcott), former and present generic FELCEEHCE Ys erjiecsicie eae ere “ore eit torent eva wiotosneretereterele GD Shantungia Walcott (= Shantungia Walcott), present and former ge- NETIC TELELEMCE® js a:ajc.siisis sie vie js betoiseiciensis +! anslerere 72 buchruckeri Lorenz (=Chuangia nitida Walcott), former and present generic reference: iu.c)j06 sees nies eee 72 Sherbrooke formation, comparative stratigraphic sections.............. 343 summary, stratignaplic S@CtiON ac os... fe se = oeedeteise fae 342 SumMmitor UppersCambriane scams ier eee erent 229, 230 Shio: (grouse). Poimt; ‘new name -l. f-ss0005 +a) apes =e eee 333 Shota (smoke) Mountains, Robson Peak district, new name............ 334 illustrated; pl. 57.: fe. ET .wetewcuaniccta doe evap eae eee eee Dis SOe Me. Wie asdsuee acy ckpetscc ee eeiee eee cee 342-343 “ Shovel-head,” common name given to Dikelocephalus (footnote)...... 363 shumardi, see Conaspis. Sidveyia Walcott, new genus described... 5 ayeclss aes oo eee ees 22 Characterized: | s.taws, Ae Sis cats neg Siete Gia. Sak senate ov cep teh . 158 Classification: (OF 72 S05. pait a sloalon DOr ae Cer ete 155 compared “with; Amtelig 2c bos 2 else eee 27 Sivrabops 4hAchett ~ sx -.0s05 sane tts mis ee eee 20 Tralobitar Asc:kbcsevcle vecuversts, sislgarcisia mite ere ete eres 20 genotype, Stdneyia twerpecians v.60 cae cw e ccs viene dacsenas 23 PeoSTaphic- CistMiDUHON ce tase sk bers oedema ined 23 iit SYMONYMY. s.0c dewe se Va sauae seems eee ok Moe 205 labrum) on hy. postomavOies: ses apilaeeie ie citi tle retrace 158 MEMLLONEG. °... a:0:s Scie wae elerame pee ein etna eaten ae an ea eee 148 representing Merostomata’.<\9.cca-.0- hee Soantemeee eee 155, 163 Stratigraphic’ FAauee! 22 acs erec a ertathd-w chet iets ets srobisies Secret 23 and Aimiella,; “discussed. «5.2 s...ws,<«watoewese atte oh eee ere 19 inexpectans Walcott, new species described.................... ee ee Aged. ple sa" MSS’ VES eS Severs cles tie «Greene create tae eT Oe eT 30 DIES ES LIRA. Aas owtareiee eeaneke «areal eee eee cee 32 Dl, MESMTSA pee owas sce Sacre eter neera 34 DS. MSs Pa3 Se Hee ccyeak ia ee eae eereis are oar ercteRe ora Ree eee 36 pli6 figs SVS sak kni ce tewtnien GU pee ee Seine eee 38 DL Fi TAS, Teesside s larson Gs torarctoe acetic vel aii e are ere 40 TEN WI, TOK Ce ante bam peered ere bbtibancsine nana 206 associated with Amelia ‘Ornaia=. occ... old w Svea sais '0) «ins eyaher ahs 27 highly corcanized merOstome 24 iccasctiles cvehe ole oe aera 165 in synonymy and discussion of new specimens....... Pe Spoleto 205 Sidneyidz Walcott, new family, named and discussed................... 22 CLASSICAL OMetOily moewemciertve eerie rein ictal whe chats cats evs\e orev, Setavs © 155 TIE MILT OT © eee restate erence oie sors etedcucs ond ever eo asraknler stale Soothe sai a etsy 19, 205 “ Siliceo-argillaceous dolomite,” in St. Lawrence formation............. 355 Silurian, connection with pre-Cambrian Algonkian..................000% 19 PM MCCO GAGNON, 6th 5 tuvere aes windstar sions sears ea ese eis oe Ae alae eS 155 BIACTALT OME op tor rate tanas aay arene ee SN ae wie a eto ets Sieve Hid aU! > wae Hele d 165 Silupiamsseas, Gescendants of crustacean fanmail... ccs. cence se crc cle 153 similis, see Lingulella. simplex, see Metoptoma and Wimanella. sinensis, see Calymene, Blackwelderia, Damesella, Dikelocephalus and Stephanocare. Sinuopea.* sp.,.Cambrian facies questioned. . oc. s..cae.c gaved cecesae cet. 255 listed: from Potsdami-Hoyt fauna. sc de/osiec gactsis we wee on dies 254 Sipunciioided) compared with Olio overt sss sock iced cotivs difds wee davon 128 Pe mestoie.? MiICKNESSy Ol {kts oes stax entrant S 2) sates sa te imieie ecw on. cece aide a ee 6 Slatemchemical analysis) of, by: George Steiger. -5552242..02s-00--.6 00-6 - 150 Slave River, Robson Peak district, locality described........... ener ae 329 Sith GOs sbibliosraphichrererencesy 46... 2 scerosteia cian sieisieis: Scie cece asin 16 smithi, see Anomocarella. Smoky River, Robson Peak district, illustrated, pl. 57, fig. I.......... 338-339 Valleyalocalityadescnibed:acsnvsees oar ecctis Ab onelsalacisio® yah eiaremre acne 328, 3290 MUISte Ate Ce sey GOs hearer tis! oe nyalatene. Wierda thre stove wai arene 342-343 Snowbird Pass, Robson Peak district, illustrated, pl. 57, fig. 2........ 338-339 Solenopleura abderus Walcott (= Menocephalus abderus (Walcott) ), former and present generic reference .......... 72 acantha Walcott (—Menocephalus acantha (Walcott)), former and present generic reference................ 72 -acidalia Walcott (= Menocephalus acidalia (Walcott) ), former and PLESeii Senenicerererence: aaj..miacelies eee 72 belus Walcott (= Conocephalina belus (Walcott)), former and Present Generic Telerences. 5.05 << cian ee at 72 beroe, compared with Solenopleura chalcon.............cccececes 83 Ghaleon Walcott new species: described. sa. asks sees oe cbn sec ns enc 83 OMIT COP) SOP tt Ss Gin weveraicrtavenart rele seal heuer lena Re ory oe 106 compared with Solenopleura beroe Walcott...............0. 83 listed, Gambrian’ faunas of, China a0 2 o.< van wines dca xb nce oe 73 intermedia (Walcott) (=Ptychoparia (Liostracus) intermedia Walcott), present and former generic reference. 72 Spy una. listed in straticraphic SCHON. +s cic oe «kis 0s Soe ese see nes 336 sorge, see Agraulos. 490 INDEX PAGE Sources; of sediments, Algonkian) formations n-wrecmmere aera 5 sparsa, see Canadia. Species, previously referred to Dikelocephalus............ cs eins tae 349 speciosa, see Anomocarella. Speciosum, see Anomocare. Speciosus, see Dikelocephalus and Ptychaspis. spinifera, see Molaria. spiniger, see Calvinella and Deelace saabae spinosa, see Acrotreta and Canadia. spinosus, see Zacanthoides. Spirodentalium osceola Walcott, listed from locality 78................. 361 listed awitheStanleawinencemtalincae eer eater etree rere 356 splendens, see Marrella. Stalked eyes, Opabinia, Waptia, Yohoia, and Hymenocaris............4+- 159 Steeprock Lake, Ontario, Canada, Huronian fossil-bearing limestones of. 316 Sterser) George, chemical analysis ionesiateuiyae cee anette nie 150 steinmanni, see Amphoton. Stenotheca sp. undt., listed from Eau Claire formation.................. 358 Stephanocare Monke (=Damesella Walcott), present and former ge- NEFiCr FEFERENCE Nias wien. tee eet eee ee 71 ? monket Walcott, new species described........6....s0cceccceees a7 heunediepl. TAs one. 7e fa. Saeco eee caterer oer eee 102 if? “SYMONYIMY: wi wanseteslomesc ene etaee ee eee ee ORC 77 listed i@ambrian=nannasmore iit serene eee 73 richthofent Monke (= Damesella chione Walcott), present and former, Tenericuheherence jase kisses 71 ? sinensis (Bergeron) (=Damesella sinensis Walcott), present and tormer@eneric mererence \. sensei eee eee 7I (= Dicellocephalus ? sinensis Bergeron), present and for- MEH Enenie) TELENENCe, 4.2 ese eee eee wal sinensis’ Monke (= Blackwelderia sinensis (Bergeron) ), former and present generic reference ............-200: 72 sp. Monke, referred to Stephanocare ? monket A ee oth Achat ees 77 Stephen formation, British Columbia......... te ores aie ‘,...42-68, I10-144, 148 comparative stratigraphic sections ...... ese oe 343 Ogygopsis shale, British Columbia, Middle Cambrian...... 17-38 Ogygopsis zone, reference to..... th Scene Aes eee ee ee 42 SlIMManyAMStLatl Shap laiGseSeCh Onley ttre arierccrerureeireie emer 342 sterope, see Aluta and Bradoria. Stillwater, Minnesota, Upper Cambrian locality 85b MEAT enccre tia Somer 371 stoneanus, see Obolus (Westonia). stosei, see Saukia. Sivabops; representins) Merostomatams. a: ssc -cls ceils tele eine iets 155 and: Aplaspis, discussed "22 /hc ie scia se ciechie ee ke vies eee go ue thachert; compared: with Stdneyia. . =u) scan) otto ne cs cee oes ete eee 20 eurypterid remains reported by Beecher................-... 19 Straparollus ? (Ophileta ?) primordialis Winchell, listed from Jordan for- (MIALLOM Aa asses wis Sie Se ioe ERO ert ee 355 Stratigraphic distribution, earliest representatives of the five subclasses ofeCrustacea stable soe ee eo eee eee ee 156 four subclasses of this paper ....... Sy isc er oT .. 155 ee Pe a a ee a INDEX 491 PAGE Seraticrapiic: position, Potsdam-EMoyt fauna 2... oslo. shee wie oe seta 254 OuetheDikeloceplialimcesvecs nce see cserstaccors oles lerelalalalsterer-ite ole 353 Straeraphic range, eenerasot Dikelocephalines....0s.cc- 4+ 2 ocr «i 358 Stratigraphic sections, comparative, Robson and Bosworth sections...... 343 NODSOnme ea kato MIOOSemEaSse ase wie ciertateter ia oreieeierecielete eer 336 striata, see Ptychoparia. Sromaropora, compared with Cryptozoom, ............-6-- 055 -- +e 257, 258 SEMMGEMnAlneaAtIiheS GISCUSGEM smcreia ances re an icisiese aie «on n an ore 153 fieldensis Walcott, new species described... 0.2 ta. .es os selene ee lan 181 fStiredipl Waals Sarg MAG evecas oierereteevercietasueteeai vere sneer syer ieee ionaters 214 ApPENdABES (OL Ls. 5 wedide ccs ec eane eee we eeieIae ee Bee Dames 182 compared with Bidentia difiicilis s7siv ua s see's lees sew ees 174 COMPALede withw MOWOLE EMITS) mia ctere sretotoe terete eerie cere 173 resemblance to Meolenus SCrratus © aos avarice os eels ei cre 191 stratigraphic position and association))\. sass: «<1. emis 152-153 Waptide Walcott, new family described: los. 2c. soe isomer ie 180 ClassificationvO£ 252680. sates sick aa amen eee eke eeeaceine 154 compared with Branchiopoda and Malacostraca............. 180 Ward, Freeman, specific name etven in honor of... J)... toneen essen 384 specimens collected by 222d. ssninn ates wustotin cela: cues ele relenin 384 wardi, see Saukia. Waucoba Springs, California, development of Lower Cambrian about.... 306 Waucoban, or Lower Cambrian, to replace “ Georgian” .............. 305, 306 ‘weeksi, see Nevadia. ‘Weller, Stuart, cited from. New Jersey report: <0: .eskccse .o 06 Ue oS 10 INTRODUCTION In accepting the invitation of the Representatives for Paleontology of the Swedish Committee of the Eleventh International Geological Congress, to take part in the discussion of “ The Abrupt Appearance of the Cambrian Fauna,” I decided to confine the geological discus- sion mainly to phenomena observed on the North American Conti- nent and to limit paleontological conclusions to results obtained from studies of material from the oldest fossiliferous Cambrian rocks. In summing up the Lower Cambrian fauna in 1891 [ Walcott, *Read at the Eleventh International Geological Congress, Stockholm, Sweden, August 18, Igro. SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS VOL. 57, No. 1 2 SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS VOL. 57 18gla, pp. 594-595] I said, when speaking of the “ Origin of Fauna ”’: If we attempt to classify the Olenellus fauna by its genesis, an almost impenetrable wall confronts us. That the life in the pre-Olenellus seas was large and varied there can be little, if any, doubt. The few traces known of it prove little of its character, but they prove that life existed in a period far preceding Lower Cambrian time, and they foster the hope that it is only a question of search and favorable conditions to discover it. As far as known to me, the most promising area in which to search for the pre-Olenellus fauna is on the western side of the Rocky Mountains in the United States and on their eastern (western) slopes in British Columbia. There the great thick- ness of conformable pre-Olenellus zone strata presents a most tempting field for the student collector. Another of the known possible areas is that of New York and Vermont, but the prospect is not as favorable as in the West. Other and better fields may exist in Asia and Africa, but as yet they are unknown, with the exception of the areas described by Baron Richthofen in China [Richthofen, 1882, Vol. 2, pp. 94, 100, and 101] where a great thickness of conformable sedimentary beds exists beneath a horizon that is comparable with the Middle Cambrian of western North America. With the above thought in mind I have for the past eighteen years watched for geological and paleontological evidence that might aid in solving the problem of pre-Cambrian life. The great series of Cambrian and pre-Cambrian strata in eastern North America from Alabama to Labrador; in western North America from Nevada and California far into Alberta and British Columbia, and also in China,’ have been studied and searched for evidences of life until the con- clusion has gradually been forced upon me that on the North Ameri- can Continent we have no known pre-Cambrian marine deposits con- taining traces of organic remains, and that the abrupt appearance of the Cambrian fauna results from geological and not from biotic con- ditions. JI do not mean by this to infer that Brooks’ hypothesis [ Brooks, 1894, pp. 455-479] of the origin of the earlier forms of life in the surface waters of the open ocean is incorrect, but I mean that we have no known record in the strata of the marine life of the period between those earlier open-sea forms and the first records of life found in the Lower Cambrian strata. That such life existed there can be no question. It is the imperfection of the geological record as known to us that is the cause of the present uncertainty as to the pre-Cambrian faunas, and the abrupt appearance of the Cambrian fauna. It is my present view that the known later Algonkian rocks in- * Willis and Blackwelder, 1907, Vol. 1, pt. I, pp. 21-44, 99-156, 265-274. NO. I ABRUPT APPEARANCE OF THE CAMBRIAN FAUNA 3 cluded in the Grand Canyon, Llano, and Belt series, and in forma- tions correlated with them [see Van Hise and Leith, 1909, pp. 45, 46], were deposited in fresh- or brackish-water seas to which the marine life of the extra-continental seas very rarely had access. Such access occurred in mid-Beltian time when a protozoan, a crustacean, and a few annelids penetrated and became adapted te the conditions of the Montana sea, and more or less similar forms to the Arizona sea. Other and different forms may have lived in these and other interior bodies of water, but as yet we have no knowledge of them. On the eastern side of the continent the unconformity between the oldest Cambrian and the known Algonkian rocks is so marked that there is no question of a great stratigraphic and time break between the two systems. The same is true of the Lake Superior, Hudson Bay, and Cordilleran areas. The Algonkian sedimentary rocks of the Atlantic coast region and the central interior continental areas, like most, if not all, of those of the western interior or Cordilleran areas, are of terrigenous origin, and in the absence of a marine fauna are considered as having been deposited in epicontinental seas or lakes of fresh or brackish water. PRE-CAMBRIAN ROCKS With our present information it appears that toward the close of Archean time a period of diastrophism ensued, resulting in an uplift of the North American, and probably other continental masses. It was accompanied by local disturbances that resulted in the pro- found folding and metamorphism of the Archean complex and the formation of high mountains and uplands. Large areas of low lands existed between the higher lands, and in these the terrigenous sedi- ments began to accumulate in inland seas and lakes and in the marine waters along the shores. Great quantities of eruptive matter were extruded, the agencies of diastrophism continued to exert their influence, but with decreasing energy, and during the latter part of Algonkian time they were still less active. When the continental area that had largely been a land surface since the first great uplift at the close of the Archean began to admit the Cambrian sea, or what is more probable, the sea began to rise, the latter found a sur- face of relatively low relief, and in some districts great areas of sediment that had been deposited in the inland lakes, so situated that the Cambrian sediments were laid down almost conformably super- jacent to them. 4 SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS VOL. 57 In a word, the thought is that the Algonkian period, with its great epicontinental formations, was a period of continental eleva- tion and largely terrigenous sedimentation in non-marine bodies of water, also a period of deposition by aerial and stream processes over considerable areas. The recent map of the pre-Cambrian rocks of North America by Van Hise and Leith [1909, pl. 1] shows that the distribution of the Algonkian rocks is confined to areas well within the margins of the continental platform. The strata we have to consider on this map are in the areas placed under the Algonkian, including Keewatin areas in Canada and the Lake Superior region. Van Hise and Leith [1909, p. 21] define the Algonkian as including “the major part of the pre-Cambrian sedimentary rocks, though it also contains sedi- ments so deformed and metamorphosed that their stratigraphy cannot be deciphered. The Archean is the basement complex, perhaps in- cluding several series or groups upon which the Algonkian rests, so far as known, with unconformity.” The sediments of other Algonkian areas of North America were much like those of the Lake Superior region in having immense ‘quantities of sand and mud, and, more rarely, great thicknesses of calcareous matter.’ Briefly, the rocks of the later Algonkian formations may be out- lined as follows: WESTERN NortH AMERICA Grand Canyon series, Arizona. [Walcott, 1899, pp. 215-216.] Chuar terrane (composed of fine-grained sandstone, argillaceous and arenaceous shales, and 285 feet in thickness of limestone) 5,120 Unkar terrane (composed mainly of sandstones with a bed of magnesian limestone 150 feet in thickness and a series of basalt flows Seo" féetMin thickness: . i022). 5.4) bon aoe eee ‘Total thickness stacutral le aes sce LR ee ee ene oa 11,950 There are no conglomerates except a bed not exceeding 30 feet in thickness at the base. The Llano series of Texas is much like the Grand Canyon series [ Walcott, 1884, pp. 431, 432]. The Belt series of Montana [ Walcott, 1899, pp. 201-209 ; 1906, pp. 2-15, 17-21| and British Columbia, Canada [Walcott, 1906, pp. 21- * For data relating to the description of the Algonkian rocks see Van Hise and Leith, Bull. No. 360, U. S. Geol. Survey. ay « a Ee a a , 4 F : : pig Fr x 2 7 = — = os " ‘ ee Sa ee epee a eth Senile oe ) Me , . — > iy ees ee ee x 2 f VOL. 57, PL. 1 SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS ti a Soy nny Ms Mf i Ih | iy ‘ i Y Ki ‘ttn po / a “ey cat ‘ ae A 1 | a se a bi ee cee | es Pe felt Tiare thing af ify in 805 Kilometers 161 ‘tamorphic rocks and In Canada the pre-Cambrian but Laurentian in general) y cluding Paleozoic and possibly Ancient schists and intrusives ounger me Intrusion: (Gene) Wwatin areas onkian ce and the Lake A Superior region. if , 1% B3e i Bs { } seh gh aie { a rata ° a3 : at ass. | {8 ESae sega “psi EB: (AFTER VAN HISE AND LEITH, 1909.) MAP OF NORTH AMERICA SHOWING DISTRIBUTION OF FRE-CAMBRIAN ROCKS. Ceeet HTIST OMA 33H VAY ASTIA) 24IOA VAINSMAD-2A7 YO HOITUSIAT2IO DHIWOHS ADINSMA HTAOY IORAM nie NO. I ABRUPT APPEARANCE OF THE CAMBRIAN FAUNA 5 26], include in the Belt Mountain section 4,400 feet of limestone and 7,600 feet of arenaceous and siliceous strata [ Walcott, 1899, p. 204], and in the Mission Range section about 6,000 feet of calcareous strata and over 18,000 feet of arenaceous and siliceous beds [ Walcott, 1906, p. 18]. In the Lake Superior region the Keweenawan system is made up of a great series of mainly igneous rocks in the lower portion, with sedimentary sandstone and siliceous strata above, that form about 15,000 feet of the 50,000 feet in thickness provisionally as- signed to this system [Chamberlin and Salisbury, 1906, p. 192]. The eastern or Atlantic Province Algonkian strata are represented in Newfoundland by about 10,000 feet of mainly siliceous sediments, and in Nova Scotia there may be 15,000 feet of similar sediments [Chamberlin and Salisbury, 1906, p. 204]. Sources of Sediments.—Of the sources of the sediments of the Algonkian (Proterozoic) formations of the Lake Superior region, Chamberlin and Salisbury consider [1906, Vol. 2, p. 199] “that a large portion of the sediments was produced by mature decomposi- tion of older rocks, and this implies that they were not derived by rapid mechanical abrasion such as that which accompanies and _ fol- lows great elevation and excessive precipitation. The great series of quartzites were derived from the complete decomposition of quartz- bearing rocks, and involved the almost complete separation of the quartz grains from other constituents, while the thick beds of shale arose from the complementary clayey products of decomposition from which most of the basic oxides had been removed by carbonation.” These authors consider that the sediments were deposited on the bed of the Algonkian sea [p. 200]. The sources of the sediments of the Algonkian formations of the Cordilleran and Atlantic Provinces appear to have been similar to those described above, and all indicate relatively low elevations and quiet conditions of deposition except in the case of the massive, coarse sandstones in the lower Belt series of northwestern Montana [ Walcott, 1906, p. 26]. The Algonkian formations of the Belt, Grand Canyon, Llano, and Avalon series all contain a large amount of bluish-black, red, and green, finely arenaceous, siliceous shales. These often form beds hundreds of feet in thickness, and extend over wide areas. With the exception of Cryptozoan ? occidentale Dawson [ Walcott, 1906, p. 18] in some of the interbedded limestones there is no evidence of the presence of life in them. 6 SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS VOL. 57 There are also thick masses of limestone interbedded in the Algon- kian series. The Blackfoot terrane has over 4,800 feet of calcareous beds. The Siyeh limestone is 4,000 feet thick, and the Newland lime- stone 2,000 feet. Similar blue, red, and green deposits, if deposited in the ocean, would probably have been accumulated in deep, quiet water [Chamberlin and Salisbury, Vol. 1, 1904, pp. 361-363], but (a) the large amount of calcareous matter; (b) the presence of shrinkage cracks and ripple markings on shales, sandstones, and limestone shales; (c) the presence in calcareous shales of fossils that lived in shallow water [Walcott, 1899, pp. 235-238], indicate that the Algonkian sediments were deposited in relatively shallow water. In speaking of the climatic significance of red-colored deposits, Barrell [ Barrell, 1908, pp. 292 and 293] says: Turning to the climatic significance of red, it would therefore appear both from theoretical considerations and geological observations that the chief condition for the formation of red shales and sandstones is merely the alter- nation of seasons of warmth and dryness with seasons of flood, by means of which hydration, but especially oxidation of the ferruginous material in the flood-plain deposits is accomplished. This supplements the decomposition of the source and that which takes place in the long transportation and great wear to which the larger rivers subject the detritus rolled along their beds. The annual wetting, drying, and oxidation not only decompose the original iron minerals but completely remove all traces of carbon. If this conclusion be correct, red shales or sandstones, as distinct from red mud and sand, may originate under intermittently rainy, subarid, or arid climates without any close relation to temperature and typically as fluvial and pluvial deposits upon the land, though to a limited extent as fluviatile sediments coming to rest upon the bottom of the shallow sea. The origin of such sediment is most favored by climates which are hot and alternately wet and dry as opposed to climates which are either constantly cool or constantly wet or constantly dry. Origin of Later Algonkian Rocks.—The question under this head- ing is as to whether the rocks of the Belt series of Montana, the Grand Canyon series of Arizona, the Llano series of Texas, the Avalon series of Newfoundland, and more doubtfully the Keweenawan series of the Lake Superior region, are of marine or of terrestrial origin. By referring to the accompanying map of the later Algonkian rocks we find that all of the known areas are within the limits of the outline of the continental platform, even those of Newfoundland and Nova Scotia being 150 miles within that platform. With this in view I will first call attention to the origin of the great series of Tertiary terrestrial non-marine sediments in the western section of the continent, for the solution of that problem has a most important bearing on the probable origin of the Algonkian sediments. NO. I ABRUPT APPEARANCE OF THE CAMBRIAN FAUNA 7 In speaking of the terrestrial formations of the Eocene, Chamber- lin and Salisbury [1906, Vol. 3, p. 204], when comparing the sedi- mentation of the Eocene with the present time, say: Then as now, temporary and permanent streams were doubtless aggrading their valleys, and building fans and alluvial plains where the appropriate conditions were found, while sheet-floods spread debris washed down from the higher lands on the tracts below. The deformative movements which initiated the modern era probably gave rise to basins here and there, in which lakes were formed, and the flows of lava from the unnumbered vents of the time doubtless sometimes obstructed valleys, ponding the streams and giving rise to lakes. Under these conditions, it is probable that much of the debris which was started seaward by the swift waters of the higher lands found lodgment long before it reached the sea, some of it at the bases of steep slopes, some of it on river plains, and some of it in lakes. The wind also made ‘its contribution. The result was an inextricable combination of fluvial, pluvial, eolian, and lacustral deposits. Terrestrial formations of Eocene age and of fluvial, pluvial, lacustral, and eolian origin are widespread throughout the western interior, occurring even in proximity to the western coast. Many of them are of limited extent, while others are spread over great areas. Again, in describing the terrestrial deposits of the Miocene, the above authors say [p. 266]: The terrestrial Miocene formations (the Truckee Miocene* of King) are said to reach a thickness of 4,000 feet (King) at some points in the vicinity of the 4oth parallel. In general, they are made up of sandstones, con- glomerates, volcanic debris, infusorial earths, and fresh-water limestones, overlain by great thicknesses of volcanic tuffs. The John Day series, the upper portion of which is perhaps Miocene, is also thick (said to be 3,000 or 4,000 feet), and is made up largely of volcanic ash and sand, much of which seems to be eolian.* Other areas of deposition, some of them lakes, existed during the Miocene in Nevada and Montana. In the southwestern part of Nevada, the Miocene beds (Esmeralda formation) described as lacustrine, consist of the usual sorts of clastic rocks, pyroclastic material, and workable coal, the latter showing that the formation is not altogether lacustrine. The formation also carries some suiphur. The remarkable thickness of 14,800 feet (which may include Pliocene beds) is reported for this formation.* In the fresh-water Morrison formation of Colorado Mr. Darton notes the presence of 66 feet of limestone [Darton, N. H., 1905, p. g7| in a section 166 feet in thickness. "King, Geol. Expl. of the goth Parallel, Vol. 1, pp. 412, 458. * Merriam, Journ. Geol., Vol. 9, p. 71, and Bull. Dept. Geol., Univ. of Cal., Vol. 2, p. 306. *Turner, Amer. Geol., Vol. 29, p. 268, and 21st Ann. Rept. U. S. Geol. Survey, Pt. 2. 8 SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS VOL. 57 I find in my field notes of 1879, on the Tertiary section at the head of the Upper Kanab Valley in southern Utah, the following on the fresh-water beds: FEET a. Light gray limestone with Physa and Planorbis..... 125 by Pinks yanenaceous umanlse. ¢... mosiace aoe aa eee 180 caAlichtyoraylimestomen que cena ati Shien meee 20 IV Tete ee Sade hoe cc nce cot Nets eke ST a eae 40 ese Pano iimEStOMen i civ-scions ate acme A Riese roe tee aaa 50 fe Light morass limestonetictc ae tacts se eer inet ee baeuae 125 Seebainiks MimeEstOne ys. nr evaee Ae witha Satehseeteie area ee ratte 100 h. Sandstones with fine conglomerate at the base...... 625 The limestones extend over a considerable area west, north, and east, and were deposited in massive layers in a deep, quiet lake. The Tertiary sedimentation described above, omitting the eruptive materials, is very similar in many respects to that of later Algonkian time. The sediments of the Algonkian are as a whole more siliceous, but the variation in thickness and character of the various beds. [ Walcott, 1906, pp. 17-21] is of the same general type. The sediments of the two widely separated periods of Algonkian and Tertiary time were accumulated within the limits of the great Cordilleran geosyncline, and, with our present knowledge, I think, under essentially similar physical conditions. At the time of the Tertiary deposition there was abundant life, both on the land and in the water, but in Algonkian time only a fragment of the pre-Cam- brian life had had the opportunity of adapting itself to the conditions of the inland seas of late Algonkian time. Dr. Joseph Barrell has given a full review of the evidence favor- ing the continental origin of most of the Algonkian rocks of the Cordilleran area. He argues that from the presence of mud-cracks in the Belt and Grand Canyon series that many of the formations were deposited on flood plains. He says [1906, p. 566]: The discussion of these pre-Cambrian deposits but especially of the Montana occurrences, shows how completely in accord is the hypothesis of the dominant flood-plain origin of mud-cracks with the other marks of subaerial deposition in an arid climate. The mud-cracks are confined to just such formations as from other characteristics suggest a flood-plain origin and these formations are usually separated from the deposits of limestone by transitional forma- tions which differ in color, in character, and in the absence of mud-cracks, suggesting the true submarine deposits originating between the shore and the open sea. NO: 1 ABRUPT APPEARANCE OF THE CAMBRIAN FAUNA 9 Doctor Barrell’s view that the limestones are of marine origin is similar to the one that largely influenced me in the past to consider that the Grand Canyon and similar series of Algonkian formations were of marine origin. PRE-CAMBRIAN CONTINENTAL SURFACE In 1892 I published the opinion that the North American con- tinent Was larger at the beginning of Cambrian time than during any epoch of Paleozoic time and probably not until the development of the great fresh- water lakes of the lower Mesozoic was there such a broad expanse of land upon the continental platform between the Atlantic and Pacific oceans. The continent was well outlined at the beginning of Cambrian time; and I strongly suspect, from the distribution of the Cambrian faunas upon the Atlantic coast, that ridges and barriers of the Algonkian continent rose above the sea, within the boundary of the continental plateau, that are now buried beneath the waters of the Atlantic. On the east and west of the continental area the pre-Cambrian land formed the mountain region, and over the interior a plateau existed that at the beginning of, or a little before, Upper Cambrian time was much as it is to-day. Subsequent mountain building has added to the bordering mountain ranges, but I doubt if the present ranges are as great as those of pre-Cambrian time that are now known only by more or less of their truncated bases. The Interior Continental area was outlined then and it has not changed materially since. Its foundations were built in Algonkian time on the Archean basement, and an immense period of continent growth and erosion elapsed before the first sand of Cambrian time was settled in its bed above them. [Walcott, 1892, pp. 562-563. | When the Californian Cambrian sea began its invasion of the Algonkian land in southwestern California and Nevada there awaited the incoming waters a land surface deeply disintegrated and more or less base-leveled by erosion. As compared with the earlier epoch of the Algonkian it was a featureless continent, the elevations caused by folding and uplift in the geosynclines of the Cordilleran, Lake Superior, and Appalachian areas having been largely degraded. The rising waters of the Cambrian sea met with few marked elevations in the Cordilleran and Appalachian troughs, as is evidenced by the absence of coarse conglomerates and the presence above the basal conglomerates of immense deposits of very fine sandstone and mud rocks in the Lower Cambrian. The character of the pre-Cambrian surface in the southern Appa- lachian area is well indicated in the description by Mr. Arthur Keith, VOL. 57 SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS Io w a 2 ‘Ss oe S c ~ on 0 a Cee Ls 7 & a << aS S Sig aa = tet cow 6 9 ae 8 aoe ue e = cv 0 oO 00 0 00 0 rs vee 2- 6”) 9 a) 5 Sea) z 0 Sie Ue we el < Ole = © so = c— = eS — 4+ co oc w a 0 ii) 9 c= as 0 <2 3 es a of pow i TSS Ss 00 a. O v 0 c pe Dc = c ° zi 9 Fo J coos cots one She ai ar ley cites ha Shee aerated we ar 27. SI EDO TIC WW,“ SPECIOR attr yok 2 dictsls os aiekels Was 3 Whe Seas Ss ale oan Oe IBS ALO