Aes as ay as amie Ta y SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS VOLUME 64 CAMBRIAN GEOLOGY AND PALEONTOLOGY IT] BY CHARLES D. WALCOTT “EVERY MAN IS A VALUABLE MEMBER OF SOCIETY WHO, BY HIS OBSERVATIONS, RESEARCHES, AND EXPERIMENTS, PROCURES KNOWLEDGE FOR MEN ’’—SMITHSON (PUBLICATION 2428) CITY OF WASHINGTON PUBLISHED BY THE SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION 1916 The Lord Baltimore Press BALTIMORE, MD., U. 8. a. ADVERTISEMENT The present series, entitled ‘‘ Smithsonian Miscellaneous Collec- tions,” is intended to embrace all the octavo publications of the Insti- tution, except the Annual Report. Its scope is not limited, and the volumes thus far issued relate to nearly every branch of science. Among these various subjects zodlogy, bibliography, mineralogy, and anthropology have predominated. The Institution also publishes a quarto series entitled “ Smithso- nian Contributions to Knowledge.” It consists of memoirs based on extended original investigations, which have resulted in important additions to knowledge. : CHARLES D. WALCOTT, Secretary of the Smithsonian Institution, (iii) Per . 7 a on a. oy aoe s, | : =, ! Pros ee eae rt: ei fi Cw dit get mk ar ie aes CET Tee ete . au" ° Dy Re. ‘i n i > i ay ety ae S ne ics 7 he ae Ae 3 2), i ick ied lg er avibelenaVelht <, Oaeee en we Sas ‘ Sar Alte 0 2 Tener ee i ei, an oe F x f ~j ‘ik Pd ae AY jy der ai wee one ord | Tene Pe ne = a, é al re : F : 5 7 oat i \ , : u Min (aks kw as ager, ae ‘ ie A ifox we a ' rex ere 7 ¥ a aSOrrit ey Pilg hare oly CC hsallny oon yer naa Ae re oan fan ‘ @ ] Pd A (Piper 2) + Saree tt a hamlet ig ae oe yeas \ B ; . Js! © tt?) ripe Mi} en tr = eyo CONTENTS PAGE . Waccotr, CHARLES D. The Cambrian Faunas of Eastern UNS IS UE BP ie e er Con ON e e I Published April 22, 1914. Pp. [Title] + 1-75, pls. 1-3, text figs. 1-9. (Pub. No. 2263.) . Watcott, CHARLES D. Pre-Cambrian Algonkian Algal TEV ovaa 7 Sh oc lee Sena ees Cire noe 1 July 22, 1914. Pp. [Title] + 77-156, pls. 4-23. (Pub. No. 2271.) e\WWiArcorr, Cuarres ©, Cambrian Trilobites.............. 157 January 14, 1916. Pp. [Title] + 157-258 + Index, pls. 24-38. (Pub. No. 2370.) . Watccott, CHARLES D. Relations between the Cambrian and Pre-Cambrian Formations in the Vicinity of Helena, AV ioribernicy eee See Repo et Fa tear See ieee 2 = aan on ce 259 June 24, 1916. Pp. [Title] + 259-301, pls. 39-44, text figs. 10-13. (Pub. No. 2416.) y WaAncote, Cuartes >. Cambrian Trilobites.........-...- 303 September 29, 1916. Pp. [Title] + 303-456 + Index, pls. 45-67. (Pub. No. 2420.) TEP UGS cya PSAP Y or Ung mata, a Pete, CnC en aA nee a a a 457 (v) PebUSTRATIONS PLATES TO FACE PAGE 1. Side canyon of the O-shui-ho near Yen-t’du, Shan-si...... 36 25 Whe, Yane-tzi canyon at Nan-t.ou, u-pel..............5. 41 3. Canyon of the T’ai-shan-ho southwest of Shi-pan-k’6u, SMTA Soe sk ae cag a aaa ol A 56 4. Lake Balls and Layer Deposit (Blue-green alge)......... 118 Ege tice wis All ce atIGl ON CRO 90el Leathe s hse le Sard Sede wo os 120 6. Algonkian det F lore (Newlandia frondosa)............ 122 Ce S. (Newlandia frondosa)............ 124 8. : a ea ONewlandia FrOndosa)).... 05... ss 126 O. e (Camasia and Newlandia)........ 128 10. “| ‘Newmlandia and Collema).......: 130 i ei “ (Weedta and Kinneyia).......... 132 12 © Y Cainasta SPONZIOSA) oi. 5 ws ncnss 134 12: : : (COM ERT TCDS) aa eae 136 14. a ye PCCollenta tendosa) ae sio% 0. lbs 138 15s . ce SECO TEIN Soy Ores ea a Eee 140 16. cs K “ —_ (Cryptozoon proliferum) ......... 142 LZ s 7m o CGreySoniacDOSGIHCE))! oc. 5. c0cs sos - 144 18. ; : ; (Greysoma basaliicd) ..20.......% 146 19. =) (Coppertastubiformis) <...03 5. Mess 148 20. Microscopic cells from recent Blue-green Algz and their PIX OVikstANl SHEP RESEMLALIVES: gi sists cies. ous 21s «aye «vee Sia, « 150 21. Annelid trails (Helminthoidichnites and Planolites)....... 152 Zo.Belt Perrane Possils: (Belting danai). iio c ice. oes cc vie es 154 23. Algonkian Algal Flora (Gallatima pertera).............. 156 PANCamprian.l rilobites: (derecephalites), 3.20.20 5 6. cs ees 230 25. fe re (Acrocephalites and Alokistocare)... 232 26. Fs Px (Acrocephalites, Menomonia, Dres- bachia, Alokistocare, and Amphion) 234 27. sf . (CG ects OUT) re eo a ses Slag us sranaiiel elo 236 28. s % (Norwoodia and Millardia)......... 238 29. ie EOC TERICCDNOIUS). ro. .52% ies ns + adhe ss 240 30. z . (Crepicephalus texanus (Shumard)) 242 (vii) viii al: Be: 33: 34- 35: 30. 37: 38. 39: 40. Al. 42. 43. ILLUSTRATIONS TO FACE PAGE an EAMG ONG: (CrepicepMalus), <5 diac cine eles en 244 (Creprcepuals) nee samt ee 246 ns (Grepicepnalus) vicsrcc ss de sie ne sn 248 (Lonchocephalus, Saratogia, and Crepicephalus) 0. .ccee.ccecs+ss=- 250 : (Crepicephalus, Saratogia, and Lon- Chocepnalis)) 2.6 uae sate 252 - : (Lonchocephalus, Hanburia, Vanux- emella, Agraulos, Karla, and Tsin- MUD). GA A oe Siete aie ei egete eee 254 Cambrian Fauna (Lonchocephalus chippewaensis Owen and other Species)... set: ceo. ss ce eon eee 234 compared with Acrocephalites stenometopus........ 17, 178, 181 formation and locality. . 0.0.2 i. o0sss.< cn oeeigtes eee 178 Strationap mic) an@es . cre sere ce scree eis th efeieuetora/Oteeler iter tenant 175 ? glomeratus, new species, described........ rn 4 ig ae DROS BO TEOEE . 179 figured pl. 26, f25.°7, Fa... ss. vcs owe oes vleree eich eee 234 compared with Acrocephalites ? majus, A. haynesi, and Pty- CHOPGPG Sees wo Save cals ba cen se ee ee 179 formation and locality s..- «ce os ce c-section nee 179 Stratigrapiic TAaNGe «cece s va sic dee ce a ele cle eke chee ee 175 haynest, new species, ‘described. ..-'... 0.22. sce ewes a anelaeei eee 179 figured’ pl: 24, figs. 4, 40-D. ... 02.0000 toons ee eee 230 compared with Acrocephalites ? glomeratus.............+.- 179 Acrocephalites: inSigmts ....s.-. 22. sc ae emeeeee ae 179 Acrocephalites multisegmentus ......:..005 00 ce5e ses 177 Acrocephalites stenometopus and A. tutus............ 176 GISCUSSEM . e seicieonsa 5 eo escie ore cysusrevsusce cereerdusie’ ss cheese er eee 174, 175 formation and localitye..-.0- ce. 06. saci eeeee eres -. 179 type specimen in Museum of Comparative Zoology, Cam- bridge,.Mass. 2d... t0ccoeer een eee ee 179, 230 insignis, new species, described... 2.0). 0.5 .¢2065 sas ae) ae eee 179 figured pl. 25, figs. 1, 1a-b. PRR ee INOS Soo 08 compared with Acrocephatitese OMENUCONWSS tae ees eee 177 Acrocephalttes haynest ...... .. sase2 eee a eee eee ee 179 Acrocephalites multisegmentus ......0..0.c0ce0ceeeee 180 Acrocephalttes stenometopus®. =o. 7-3-1 176 formation and: locality, 2); ascace see er reno Eoe er oneErnee 180 eres envoy ode oboumGd bob so nono cocoon oodbUtsacoSowooadS Boa Wiri7) stratigraphic range... .: 2k cee eee Oe cee Eee neo 175 ? majus; mew species, described: .c aces sare eer eee 180 figured: pl. 26, fig. 1..:...2.. eee eee eee Ee eee Tier 234 compared with Acrocephalites ? glomeratus.............+4. 179 Acrocephalites multisegmenius ............--s00eeess 180 Ptychoparia, Acrocephalites tutus, and A. americanus. . 180 doubtiully referred . ....2 danas Oeeen er Cee eerie 176 formation: and -locality. |... «..40s eee eee ere 180 ios le ae ei MEO An hetsicfcu 46.0000 4 codunoravadac 292 Sttatigraphic range ..'..... to. aces ater emote ororier ee 175 mulitsegmentus, new species, described: ..-->...-.4 cesses 25+ << ae 180 figured pl.24, “figs. 5, 5G:......., <0 ciceu cite eon eee ee eee 230 compared with Acrocephalites americanus, A. insignis, and Ay FP! MOgUS. 6.05 5.0.00 be ee ee eee eee 180 Acrocephalites ‘haynest 5... . 252. aes eee 177 INDEX 459 Acrocephalites—Continued. PAGE multisegmentus—Continued. POR MAI ONe AMC MOCAlTLY 8 © j0c crs ciesoe oe s..ca ss a.ciaje’s les Sie lo ce giseere 180 SESMSMS. odooshiodce 668 bon ove co C000 000 0080 OO DOD aero fee 177 SERAL Shap lle etiam SOME wT atoms ateneleisiens alae stcieiste cle vlersvo wise b's 175 stenometopus. (Angelin),, described: i. 5.. ji. 0.05 coc cee cae ee eens 181 HMC O ss Ple Ae NG AG=Disse welts cites seiko dels oo Maden obo 230 compared with Acrocephalites ? aster............000008 178, 181 Acrocephalites haynesi, A. insignis, and A. tutus...... 176 GUSCUSSE Nar eeeraaeE LTR Sel pe Steri Acree or eR tied reels wei es 175 LOnIMAt Onesaricdedl OCalitymeeereceece cleo eis eeins sense nn 181 SYMMOM YM aie sa carers ohoia ers wisi hs aveishadelstale cae ads Ss eee amo 181 LUIUS MEW SPECIES. CESCHIDEU nan tices em ero codecs sieicee ec caeccs 181 mEq OO AGEs fallen wrls INES, Lon (Oho a roniG onic 6.0 oid oll SO CINE eee ee ee 230 compared with Acrocephalites americanus... .........00000. 181 PICKOECDHGMNLES LOVES str ee Sere ni anis A oa a els oe coe ook sc 178 Acrocephalites haynesi and A. stenometopus.......... 176 LACHOLEPINGIBTOS 1s LING IAb Sizxe ats a elarcicistersieteieiease ie aks =: a\40~.0' 180 Ponmatonvand MocCaitiy nen. aatete rs. oleteee kisek co ces ceases 181 SLEAI Ap ean eu seme ies tie oor ateois eee nietoiicls cincc & ne ces oe o's 175 COUICONUS 1 EDilhin gs) hGeSGhibedememeninn se cie cee oe sess co eels 6 182 HITEC Cem PaO IO Se eran: het tere tet Ree Ce ee leas fs, ESA Homa tion At COCA ci snes ecb caa he te nays iavelssSiecs's we owe a's 182 SthatiGraplicunanceymaeuicrime tae triste soles are aaiee care 175 SMPOUNVGINY, Gate ce oie Eee ai ais ole ayes see oc tara ate area Slenbcals, Siajee's saa # 3.08 182 Acrothele bellula Walcott, associated with Crepicephalus coosensis...... 206 bohemica (= Acrothele matthewi eryx), listed, Lai-wu........... 10 collent Walcott, associated with Vanuxemella contracta........... 222 associated with Vanuremella nortia. ......0.0.cccccecccsees 223 NNSHG) esp. 15 sy celta teen rages dS ot Sate AL Ae sa 330, 353 granulata, listed. \Wane-tschuane., leorenza-. ees. o+ «a-tees 22 +e es II matthewi eryx Walcott (—Acrothele bohemica), listed, Lai-wu.. 10 (= Acrothele granulata), listed, Wang-tschuang........... oy Ai ‘Di sheeabrareesevi(ce wMllehitel Mere elo eee 6 ee i 2 or er 70 ISITE FET eae NS eal le, pl ON Eee oe a 64 listedmlindo= Chunar ts Aaya. oes teks icky are aaien: oa tic 13, 62 “minute NValcott) listed.) Ka-shaneshales.sas sees oe oes ec + oe ace 66 Stratigraphic and! geographic pPosition...seace..+.6c+ss<.-.- AS orbicularts Mansuy, listed., Imdo-China.. = 26 c@sacisg- ss e0c0s.0%s 13, 62 panderi Walcott, associated with Vanusxemella contracta.......... 222 WS GU perersters erect vaers eter ne rn ere ENT Sees class! al ductile eohetlala-ons 3390 TOTO NValcoteylisted: lowers Kat-lumges sess else ome stele erase cae ote oe wel 64 IRS. oh ebiva.d cnc paces GREED OE Cin On apa teem 64 Stratigraphic and geographic position’. ..\05.0.. 6.062 eee eles 4s SG PSEC EM ENY ITIEC)) MHISEEC Rn cio ac eiele ie © fscvesals, aide Bread bere are dlalescieletvie 403 SUD STCUMMEUUS ONVAICOEE SISTEM: osc 2.0 oe ok coe Hite wise sees ieee semanas 403 Roe CSE SMNMALCOLE ESTO CM ce 2 co. oss ev lod elo Wein tienes ws Seale Reidle: a 7s 350 Spe listedsedasinc=tschou-tupuaeae tienes scmiicre eke sire er aiels. ols sels sxe lere « II 460 INDEX PAGE Acrotreta; Meagher limestone. ...a2 32 ise cs oes ee ae ee eee 271 DESEO Saha ce ave retort os oto ene cei Toe eons 350 attenuata. Meek, : listed: 2. ..o.5 <2 cun 2 ieven oes eine oe tee error 403 depressa (Walcott), identified by Rothpletz as Acrotreta ct. sagit- talis. (Salter) ii. cva.clee > ites eee eee 205 emmonste Walcott; listed)... .\. sn cteskre Semiereicinion ore ree eee eee 316 kutorgai Walcott, associated with Crepicephalus coosensis........ 2006 lisami Walcott, stratigraphic and geographic position.............. 45 ophirensis* Walcott, listed «a. <6 i. 05 0s apeene vanlare here) ais Ene 403 pactfiica Walcott, listed, Ch’ang-hia. << 35...) )tek «eee ee ara 66 Kea Ham oo 'slevs ode oe dice ore hee DED CEE Ee 64 lower Kiuslune 2... disse oa eee eee Wee oe 64 Shan-tung. and) Manchunia.eq eee eee eee eee oeee 70 Stratigraphic and geographic positiont nasser eee eee 45 ef. -pactica, listed, Ch'ang-hia #...:... sists ego, ee 65 ci. sagttials (Salter), discussed by. Walcottai cc. 4...4.2--- 1 er 295 interpretation» by” Rothpletzen.s sneer cee tee ree eee cere 291 sagtiiaws taconica (Walcott): listedss:-- eee eer nee B17, 322-9858 shantungensis Walcott, listed, Shan-si and Manchuria............. 71 1G col hb 0} OE ett oe tel ac SAD Sire odie DSO ac 5 Shan=tung, and) Manchurtaseeeae eee eee eceetee 7 Shan-tune and! Shan-sisasaee. eee rere ete eee 71 Stratigraphic and geographic position. =. 4--e-reeeeeeee eee 45 socialis, associated with Corynexochus bornholmiensis Gronwall... 313 venia Walcott, stratigraphic and geographic position............... 45 admeta, see Menocephalus. adrastia, see Levisia and Menocephalus. aduncus, see Archeocyathus. agatho, see Asaphiscus. agave, see Menocephalus. agenor, see Agraulos and Levtsia. agno, see Solenopleura. Aenostus Brongniart, listed< 4. ...:ccceccotins eerie ore ee eee 350 Wpper Cambrian fauna characterizedae sree eae eee 2 bidens: Meek. listed ; ; . s<<.0,4 cess omen omelet eee ae ieee 369 chinensis Dames (—=Agnostus fallax), listed, Wang-tschuang.... II (= Agnostus fallax laiwuensis), listed, Lai-wu............. 10 China «2.4 26.57 Gc Ree eee eee eee eee 6 [GUO htte( aPC Ars os meh Roe ei is SA aman Cease 64 Shan-tune andeManchuniaeeereree seer eee 70 Shan-tung -and! (Shasi-sie-wsceatan eee eee ee ee 71 Stratigraphic and’ g << 285s « “G1 (= Agnostus cf. parvifrons), listed, Lai-wu................ 10 cf. parvifrons (= Agnostus parvifrons), listed, Lai-wu.......... 10 parvifrons latelimbatus Lorenz, listed, Lorenz, Wang-tschuang... II stratigraphic and geographic position...................... 46 schmidt, cited, Lena limestone... .... 6.2.2... --- 20-0 es reese eee eee 72 listed: Siberian Cambrian fauiia. 65. oe- ce once tees hee 8 sp. undt., listed, Ch’ang-hia district..........-.- 2-2. e esse eee eens 68 SMSO Meee neers cp sens sige aera ceiaa ee cae = = alma id =o sm We e(nne's 317 Bicep eiisted an -areern Hae t ar eer etc ee tele oer to seer es 403 agonius, see Lisania. Agraulos Corda, genus named... 2... 0. 22 ce gee ie ee ee eee neces 173 abel (roy JI AN IAT OSS bocce 9 acho JOCn onan suet DaGe poe ROn OS™ 62 associated with Tsinania cleora Walcott............-....... 227 IPGQeTOL.). Peo ci cas Sita oeERte Do ttete Ss Ab cid coi te Cy ee One ec 322 represented, China, North America and Europe..........--. 59 HyeN Nl ey ILOGITILUT corso 8 oC BELG EDR DID 6 OOOO NOI AE e rrr 404 abaris Walcott (=Jnouyia abaris), generic references..........-.. 14 abrota Walcott, listed, lower Kiu-lung..............--2. eee ees 64 . stratigraphic and geographic position................-.+++. 48 acalle Walcott (=IJnouyia ? acalle), generic references.........-- 14 agenor Walcott (= Levisia agenor), generic references.......-.. 14 armatus Walcott (=Inouyia ? armata), generic references....... I4 (2) capax Walcott (=Jnouyia capax), generic references........ I4 ceticephalus Barrande, compared with Agraulos stator.........---+ 173 dirce Walcott, listed, lower Kiu-lung...........2...-.--0- see ee ees 64 stratigraphic and geographic position..........--.+--.0+++ 48 divi Walcott (=Jnouyia divi), generic references.......-...-.-.- 14 dolon Walcott, listed, lower Kiu-lung...............-0+.-..------ 64 stratigraphic and geographic position.............-.-.-++55 48 dryas Walcott, listed, Kiu-lung............--.- eee eee eee eee 65 stratigraphic and geographic position..........---.--++++5+- 48 (?) melie Walcott (=Jnouyia melie), generic references.......-- 14 nitida Walcott, listed, lower Kiu-lung..............--22- +202 -0-> 64 stratigraphic and geographic position.......-......--+++55+5 48 obscura Walcott, listed, Kiu-lung..........0....2 22 eee cece ees 64 stratigraphic and geographic position. ........-.-----++++555 48 462 INDEX Agraulos—Continued. PAGE regularis Walcott (=IJnouyia ? regularis), generic references..... 14 sorge Walcott, stratigraphic and geographic position.............. 48 stator, tiew. Species, GESCribed..... .1.02)-6 =e se see ees eee 173 figured pl.-36, fig. O.. aes.-000 este eens oe eee 254 associated with Vanuxemella nortia..............0 eee ceeee 223 compared with Agraulos ceticephalus Barrande............. 173 formation and locality...2.so.0+.--eeor eis giuharetel tea eo 174 observations 23:.64.0.0242.0.05 5 cosa cee isd en se aan hee een 173 uta Walcott, listed; lower Kiu-lung. ..-. 2.5. 2.0.20. seme oasee 64 stratigraphic and geographic position...................02. 48 vicina Walcott, listed, lower Kiu-lung:\....2..2 52... wees eee 64 stratigraphic and geographic position. ....................0- 48 agreste, see Eoorthis and Orthis (Plectorthis). ajax, see Arionellus and Lisania. Alabama, Acrocephalttes 1.200. 5 .o-tawso os cclye a alee so ee eee eee 175 CLEPICEPRGIUS AN. a 5.5 &o:c0:ci0 shares ease Os otis 6 oo Sale gee eee 203 Middle Cambrian localities r6d,.90, 112... ~-\ca-\seee ee 178 locality: QOX — 2k. Mesu,als. azine s schon Sen ee ee 178, 206 locality G5. « i assis oe eee 218 localities, 16a, 89, 139a-..0% 6 sc. eas. onc. 49 VAnOUSmSppam@listed a Shi amomhialyseriae mers acta ew ee eek Ree hae. 65 lowered lneteersie eee Me tlnlg ats 6 eae Gina t ee dee 64 Wpper (Cambrian, CGhrausmi-tiens o.ses...052... +. 0c - 68 ITIVE. Gah oak Recent eas mob Sins AiG aoe Leone 64 stratigraphic and geographic position........ . 49 Anomocarella Walcott, compared with Anomocare paUlewski and ee STFATCMES = Ce MONA ele oe SS cclS oe tie So els sitreiwels's soe 73 Compared Swathi Asaphiscusracsceas o. bec melo oee cmc aet ee eis. « 382 OUR ROR PRATT are AAA TSE TSR eee Sit ie els 307 represented in China, North America and Europe........... 59 [RVD Out JEONG) lA alo ent oon ODISG BOAO OOO eo COR o Eco 404 albion Walcott (= Anomocarella contigua*), generic references... 14 Liste capa lett Ntitt ae peycveteevenctaete recat aw cietceoie, cavers oiaiein ares 8 Sissons 65 stratigraphic and geographic position: .....6252..05. 008. oe 49 * By type error, spelled continua in text. 4608 INDEX Anomocarella—Continued. PAGE baucis Walcott (= Lioparia blautoeides), identified, Walcott...... II listed, Upper , Cambrian; ‘Ch’ai-mi-tién....). £). a2 ees eeereen 68 stratigraphic and geographic position <.....242,.2..-4..-0--5. 49 bergiom (Walcott) (= Anomocare bergioni), generic references.. 14 histed) Sin=tar |. 252. -)eacciian dicts) wis oa oleate cieceep A Oe ne Stratigraphic and ceographic position... ae eee eee 49 bigsbyi (Walcott) (= Anomocare bigsbyi), generic references.... 14 listed, (Kancluing’ so... ood wits whcehe joann See eee 65 Stratigraphic and geographic; position. 2.0¢.42.0~ Saco 49 biston (Walcott) (= Anomocare biston), generic references...... 14 Stratieraphic and geographic position. -..... 53-60 49 ? bura Walcott (=Lisania bura), generic references.............. 14 PENOTYPE™ Sess ddvies seis Ea Bah ound» eee dee oie eee eee 403 ? butes (Walcott) (= Anomocare ? butes), generic references.... 14 histed:! lower sila Gi. 565 «isan ers oo oon cee 64 stratigraphic and geographic position: ...-.02.% -.-aseen eee 49 carme Walcott (= Coosia carme), generic references. . Berets iil chinensis (Walcott) (= Anomocare commune), generic ne ferences 14 lasted. Weaiswitt:...c duss si sporacaneved © de Ss eee nie eee ee eee 10 RSNA Se ardnt of ses Dota ne Ae COL eee 65 Shan-tunes ands: Mat citiatam essere seen eee 70 Stratienaphic and sseographic positions a.954. haere eee 49 comus (Walcott) (= Ptychoparia comus), generic references.... 15 diSte dug iKshuti es ve ayacic"wiatvareeees Sateotelel Sooke. Ce 65 Stratigraphic and geographic: position... . 2.622295. ee 49 contigua * (= Anomocarella albion), generic references........... 14 hermias Walcott, stratigraphic and geographic position............ 49 irma Walcott, stratigraphic and geographic position............... 49 macar Walcott, stratigraphic and geographic position............. 49 onusta (Whitfield), associated with Lonchocephalus chippewaensis 256 smithi Walcott, stratigraphic and geographic position............. 49 speciosa (Lorenz) (—Anomocare speciosum), generic references.. 14 listed; (Wane-=tschuan@. ..2:.:6.0/< daceicie ae owes scene av aes 384 ATSIC ciple OO ra FISD NOE Cis icine vain oa are crdveteia ace. < «. Gos o /atein 442 compared with Asaphiscus (?) capella and A. calenus....... 384 PASE MISCUS MACUL SY a shXS, oi aisielnishofarcn ie oiaje oa)s we vis 4 vdvies 385 |MOWAtl He Sad dee ROG En DODO ORD CAMA SDS AeSASE \O =: 292 BOAO SPECI Se eae te a Rp eh erase ate aie ln ahaa wicte 0. ueilas sie e lass sigh» s 383 (?) capella, new species, described.......... 4s GEO aS ae 385 HAIR CC PSOne Sao eel Gat eters tate cake roe ceh oc cian hehe ele ores 440 Bigs snowy Mountains s).00220.52 005 ..2se50c-8s FNS aspen pee aie 275 compared with Asaphiscus calenus. foi... 50c. ccc ccc scaciee 384 ASOD IWS CUST COMING Gaara Cite ie et oictaeics fo eles ocala ee 384 USO DAISCUSERUILEE Clb dees Tate eens os dies wloes 6c 385 PISA MISES) Se MINE: MCL) sialic nero tates ow oss sh cc cd ants 390 ASAD ASGUS Spe nat: (3)\s,- ms sale eis 6 ere 444 associated with Asaphiscus 2 granulatus...-ssneeeeee eee 380 Characterized se. « c.cssvs caieie siete Mela oo) tele reel eee eee 383 compared with Asaphiscus 2 mtnor.. 2... te eee 388, 380 A? Sranulatus: .20s20 050.100 Lose See eee eee 380 wheelers Neel, species described: ....-- sacs sone eee eee 390 feured, ‘pl. 5&8, figs: I, ld=2....0+ dos. see ee eee 438 compared with Anomocare leve Angelin................... 382 Asaphiscus (2), capella: 2.20. foet See ee 385 Asaphiscus Calenus «sont 52.8 5-eee erence ee eee 384 Asaphiscus tddingst. 00) 22835. eee eee eee 388 IB GANIG..& scars ists he Gear Mad BA ee OC 303 other ‘SpeCies) o.iedaaisleec. ceeded Rae Pee Cee 383 PENOLY PC. oi sirisvlsis's w o's SS ais Wek SO One Oe Ce Ree eee 382 synonymic reference 22.2 ...2...¢ 0s .s4s. ole eee ee 381 SYMOMYIMY. 0 5)2'c0.0.09 868,04 20 ane eeele alee ete eee 390 SpeiimcteCh)s described :..%. «ss Sauce oss 2 ses testes Reet Merona eee 390 compared with Asaphiscus (7) capella... .... 22. .52.2s4--25 5 900 Smeundt. 2) edescribed . . i. ois sacs ss chee.c tote elen« ela cris Siete eee 391 nouned. ple 63; fies. 35 3aioc. acc ta oe ee ete cree eee 448 Spe unmet, (3); described... ... TAcces ooo ae oe os Sse eee eee eee 391 compared with Asapmscus (4) ‘capella. =) eee 391 (Blainia) elongatus, new species, described...................--- 393 Metined spls63,. {Se A, AG. he aaa se ses crete renee ene 448 compared with Asaphiscus (Blainia) paula................. 303 (Blaina) glabra, new species, desctibed................-. eee 394 HetiTed pl. 63; NES. Ti Tae: \acmawine asieels ete or ree eee 448 associatedarauna, snamed.....scceneoree care ore ere eee 304 compared with Asaphiscus (Blainia) gregarius............. 304 Asaphiscus (Blamia) patlds.c. sw-.h2> decent noe 304, 305 (Blatnia) gregarius, new species, described....................... 394 akg bRe(GeE De MOeeenokeaR MIA NIK Je cand ol dono a ce an poco occ one eee 446 associated with Asaphiscus (Blainia) paula................. 305 compared with Asaphiscus (Blainia) glabra................ 304 Asaphiscus(Blanig) epoulies.-e ee eee Lee 305 (ASS OLAS! aoa MDMnra Domo ooo ao A DUO KOS hdc OD COS OmUG SUOSmo006 393 (Blame): paula, new sspecies,, described: .a-.ate eee ene eee eee 395 figured, pl. 62, figs. 2, 2a-b. Bra ate edi Slike peers Rea associated with esirenes einer la GABA Sooo cuonsasue 305 INDEX 473 Asaphiscus—Continued. PAGE (Blaima) paula—Continued. compared with Asaphiscus (Blainia) elongatus............. 303 AGP RUSCUS = (DIMINID) SIADIOs vx.tiis snide sos oie cl baecee 304 Asaphiscus (Blainia) gregarius and Asaphiscus (CGE) IGG Bon bo oodbo Gh eee eee 305 Asaphus and Bathyurus, compared with Bathyuriscus and Asaphiscus.... 60 Asaphus palpebrosus, genotype of Symphysurus..... 0... ccc cece eee 405 Ascosoma, genus proposed by Lorenz, discussed.................. Neca 9 phaneroporata, proposed by Lorenz, discussed.....:............0. 9 Ascosomacee, Siphonez, family proposed by Lorenz, discussed.......... 9 Asia, eastern faunas of, compared with North American................ 3 @agibrian (anal prOvaneesa si. .-v.. see eee ee 331 distinguished from Dolichometopus...........ccceecetenees 357 GISERIDUHON 55.24 ovine 55 wie oe nase so oeE OE eee 300 Dotichometopus identical with) 22-2... a2 oer 358 Dolichometopus productus formerly referred to............. 371 = Dolichometopus occidentalis Matthew..............2+--6 350 essentially Pacific basin type.....2 40... -«seerseeeeeee ee eeee 60 genotype, Bathyuriscus haydeni Meek..................+.+- 332 may have developed from Corynexochus...............+++- 308 @DSELVATIONS 5 Sig «cedure 3.2/eerh elas ails, Seis ota teat Cee 332 related to Dolichometopus, Corynexochus, and Bonnia....... 333 Species listed! 2. sa. 'smink’s prea oe Gag atlds De te Oe EEE 334 otherwise ‘referred 5.4.37). ss ccenemoe teeters eee 334 stratigraphic range and geographic distribution.............. 332 suggested derivation from Anomocare (synonymy)......... 330 SYILOMY MY: sia cae ie oak ae semis ure deminer Ae cceise eoeeeen 330 and Asaphiscus, compared with Bathyurus and Asaphus........... 60 Gdeus: new Species; described is): 4-0. 0.2 «ee Lee 334 heanedss pli Ayn fess 3x SOs6 sos sere tree tue Sn ner ee 416 related to Bathyurtscus rotundatus,...2.. ...5..6sc0-e-2 ose 334 related to Bathyurtscus 2 sp. undt) (2). :...: =. aces eee 348 INDEX 475 Bathyuriscus—Continued. PAGE ONG ENEWaS Peles GES Ctl Cd orca eeetreinie 610s sieve wire Moikie ars eitcd aes 335 AIC pl ALIS wile NU—-G 28s wiesots ayers) once /sids ond Slo cidlsw ola beat 418 compared with Bathyuriscus atossd......... cece ccceeeee 335, 336 EAU EEE SCM SO CLIES: 1e Seyeie the NaS sige ae aleve do alee 0% Welaceeie' sc 339 BOtnvurtscu's TOWMAGIUS << vite ccwie os wide twa e ee ewan 335 DOLENOMELOPUS: PFODUCHES hie cnc swt anise nine obs oes 335 em stliere ercrte storie ini eel cia aclare aielais Srerelster as oa diele setae oot dowd 331 SY IPO MY TY ie yelto hel elm =lteile Coiviois im ibjialeFol's)ie\e (el ol olepisieife)'e (alle ceells\ie)es) sie ie’ s\eie\lei sie; sl 335 asiaticus Lorenz, compared with Dolichometopus acadicus........ 358 compared with Dolichometopus acadicus (synonymy)....... 360 Dolch ometopuse ae deCtsrees cee eee a ce oe oe ole wcle 366 = MEM ONLCLO PU Ge a4 ah meets oUt oats Oe PENT GN «50.8 bain Se ete vet 334 = Dolichometopus deois Walcott, generic references........ 14 listed mleorenzaeNVane=tschianaememaeemeneete soe. cc. te ee OLE Symotupmune MeLCLeneet aycjylecrsce ete cians ooo ose owcleinie be os 365 atossanewaspecies sdeSCribed ssw sce ctekee o Salers veiw d.o:9 Gee ans divi cats 336 fect Cas le Acs nh Sasees POS BIN cit eve: die Gia aly a's 2.500 ivigve Save slovale 418 compared: with Bathyurtseus Gndges secciice secs dk os ee ees 335, 336 LANMTASCIES DGIES Oat. telea> aac ne Cato eno a oe eae eee se 338 BOUNVUSES CUSHOCIUS sites Ciao keene eres ore eo alain ess 339 Biaihyuntscwus) TOLUMAGIUS «cio mse ties astee oe cs cise 2 poe bs oe 336 ECR ENTTISELS. Sins katt, (Cie) caccascs véocoeppDBAne Beoost 348 STR al a aed dee ey erent Prcnck eure CLONE; cath ec 1. OIC RANG ee ee ee te 331 pannuswnews speciess deschibed= as. saci dee clch cwisee sci se ce sscb ec 336 TIS TIE Ce ple eA Od 5-1 Ds QUER Tas = a0 sta etc ashe ais eh HS 5 eye's "0s 3) spose yaunve,wiaior aye 420 approaches DORCKOMeEtOPUS DESSUS. <2 20 ele 64 « = 0.n8ae i nis sare ouers 333 ASSOCIALe Uahatitias laste Gameprtleieieisiee eee eioteicscis nic sion eches 337 compared with Bathyurtscus haydent... 2... ..0.0% 600s. c eee es 336 DGOlbEhometOpus 22DOSSUS =< fou ic Poe c od sesoee e 6 est eieic 362 bats new Species: GeScribedss ce. ss. + se cee sce os Be erciereevistenoe sere 337 - inSAOTELOL We, sy AIRS aL Vitae bee btorctc a Golo hon ORGSS a Hi Ae ee cte 419 associated with Mesonacts gilberti. ........--..+..++.+0- 332, 338 compared with Bathyuriscus haydeni and B. atossa.......... 338 Protypus hitchcocki (Whitfield), Dorypyge, and Bathy- UTISCHS PINUS. Doe we cao abn ee see itn se clans 338 belests anew Species. CESCribed a. erase ccm ese srelee cclsiaic se)e sus 338 ingeeDreGl: WNL Coy. tush GihniVAD taeda coco blog docconcm GEO COD Oae 422 ASSOCIATCUmtAlINawlISted ace nee ee tes erie Since cine cee ee ues 3390 compared with Dolichometopus productus, Bathyuriscus hayden, Bathyuriscus belus, and B. anax...... 338 stratigraphic range and geographic distribution............. 332 BelaSeneWeSPEClCS MOESCilledemia. © a mierseycieisteoe se suntecusieel siete wie cee) cence’ 339 BVEREDCROLS DIL, KO IMEI Ay Chile og code aon GeO OA mob UOomd Ondo ox 422 ES SIO CIALE US POMC SMI tae crept oa oot el eed wxele dere, sneyeusi #arersie. Sistas ws 340 compared with Bathyuriscus anax, B. atossa, and B. belesis.. 339 stratigraphic range and geographic distribution............. 332 476 INDEX Bathyuriscus—Continued. PAGE 2 bithus, new species, described -.<... ini. -.co ee ores ore) eter 340 Motred pl: 47. Hes. Ay Ads worst a ne Sebel ele a> Sel eee 417 compared with Dolichometopus tontoensis........+.0..0000- 340 hayuem (Meek), described)... /.. sat. scat nce tebe citar pe eee 341 Goured, pli A6; figs: 2, 2acb..a: 0 kas oe eat <= eee 414 GHaArAaCteRIZe Ul etjeny: einen eres altel te erren sie ottoman 331, 333 compared with Bathyuriscus bantius: .... 2.2006 a2 ances ce sme 336 Baiyuriscus DOWS. 05 Soccan~ o< tes oe Oe eee 338° Bathyuriscus howells . ... Scj-cc. 26s ote ee eee 344 Bathyuriscus Ornatus «doh i-0e.cy- ood) eee eee 342 Bathyuriscus (Poliella) anteros........02.....00s00% 349 Bathyuriscus (Poliella) powerst. .......002: ccs -e-+o me 351 Bathyuriscus (Pohella) primus... 2: ere eee 352 Bathyuriscus (Poliella)-probus. .2: 5. 2. tame eee 354 Baihyurtscus (Poliella) sylla. ...% 2 ~ «saucers seem 354 Zacanthoides spinosus Walcott............2.0.s002+0 333 BOMOLV PS ies oe oie aie a = = 2fe0e) 2 myn) oo elivin) ole) pm wl=) eeafeRehopeitoho tok etorenareke 332 Petiethne erase a2 toh iors Gps APMnas mearee aieies SE Gs a ee ee eee 331 stratigraphic range and geographic distribution............ S332 SYMOMYIY.© pisrees «2 oa oat as pitiless SigGas celia Sealer eee 341 howella Walcott. described .% 4 siecesrcine scaler eee ee ee eee 343 honed. pl. 47, HS. Ty DADs o. we seus wavicly tee eee eer 416 Chanactenized) sso eee 355 distinguished from Bathyuriscus manchuriensis............. 346 MiSHe ere koa Sore Sereis brs are Siaid.o bs SE Oe OEE ee 8, 409 stratigraphic range and geographic distribution............. 332 SyMOlbymiic TELETENCES. . (2.6 vses,cc secs < See eee ee 346, 347 Qyanlerhithy “Gaoobdaso0 qo sue sons DODD OM se Cha moa o ME OS OCT TCOOD 343 manchuriensis Walcott, described.............2..02c00cceeceeeres SA fitted; plc40, feS4, AGG. cs. adensbaeeree cee oe eee 421 distinguished from Bathyuriscus howelli...............+.+++ 346 = WDOlMCHGIMELOPUS Scns So neon ehniel eee ee eee 334 SYMOMYIMY; 6% daha Sees Seas oes ee ee ae ee eee 344 occidentalis Matthew, referred by Frech to Dolichometopus........ 358 Bathyuriscus pupa, a probable synonym of..............-... 358 occidentalis Walcott; synonymic reference. +... -5..c5 20> see eee 351 OPNAiUS NValcot described nea eet aeeiscncaoeE eee ee eL eee 346 heunred spl 46! eS. A, AG-bs amy ree ec DEC eee 414 characterized sa cdiaictenteacicceste code oe Sen ca far eae eee 331 compared with Bathyuriscus haydent..............0eeeee seen 342 Baihyuriscusuno wells. sence see cies ee 344 Length £i..54 keene ont dn akc ea ie eee ei ee ae eee 331 INDEX 477 Bathyuriscus—Continued. PAGE primus, compared with Bathyuriscus batis...........0.. ccc cece cece 338 productus (Hall and Whitfield), associated with V’anuxemella con- IR ALISUAE SB AGrO Cn AINA SO OU. ENG AB OGRE RIT OR TLE ee SS VOLE OTTO! Oe aE ey an 334 SMe NMG MELEE EM CONN. cecttcled uit <). aeiceviack Gaiels volebd awh eee 363 producius Walcott, synonymic reference... 0.555 0...0. 0020.0 cae. 369 pupa Matthew (= Bathyuriscus occidentalis Matthew)............ 334 probable synonym of Bathyuriscus occidentalis.............. 358 referred to, Bathyuriscus (Poliella) occidentalis............ 351 SVMLOMymati ce FCRENENCEueercrprdsiels cle cielo ee sie sisrsie «cls wikis an Grd os 351 LOVNACUS a CROMmINg em) iGeSChIDed. sce ess seo. + ss ieee cs. 0 0 346 mexriecal, Woh, iy Ike Os Aen ca Se we oe dota 56 Comune ae eee 416 Compared. withwBaLnyuUriSGUS ALOSSGs): athe J sass a acosn. 5. a0 s 330 GENS UTESEWUS MOTUCII acl crtnw, Weep afrniede ns elon nd sees 343, 347 Bat nyuyt seus StOUCE ROY 2. tome ss los aa ae. so SG, a a 348 IVRGHD.g bk beta Soe inn Cie sot bo cb cians Orne ee 331 FElAated tO Batwyuriscus GAOCUS. aces. cops ewleenss aoe os lasso» 334 EXGEAUMOTES CU SMO Ge Spaeth rome Pare muri fel < cise cahS aeons so ae 5 335 SN ALOMV AMY ce ante eT ayes ceed toca artis sisciernaaxe seed cs 346 senecius, Matthew (—/Corynexochws)....... 22.20. ddats cesses ® 334 SERITNG LI Suge gd ars AE a EE CC Ao 319 LOCA PaUMNEEE RUE SCLI DCG ae aw eh ole e,d coin seman hein tos. wosiesesene, ve /suee 347 SH TLOLNY TINY © slaves ered ative arene oe te ee ear A A OMCs HERAT ieee 347 compared with Bathyuriscus rotundatus..................44. 348 Speci CID padescribeds armas. ese aeieincia © as ics «= laievola neice 348 STINE Mop lel O iOS aes egs ete are ee ara eace eerie Gin aks oosisvo nies 420 compared with Bathyurtscus. atoss@. 2.252202... 000s... sss 348 Tees MLLITEC ton C2) OE SCLIDE Ginn tari horas Or evel cam mete es oie esa ae Sh ates 348 IESAOUR ETO, Fol HOLS a keew Ciel ole eye taceoeaEEROR SATO hes Stops Aer Re eRe 453 HelatedatOe BAtVUTISCHS COCUS seco ten loess es ese. ece sn 348 SP utimd tava COLbe (=A OI OCONEE 2) sia wiao ciate on tersicekstels ¢.0/e8ersis xeie ees 334 Sp. andi. Walcott (= Dolichometopus)) ssh .wnme tak coed ve 0s oie 334 ? sp., associated with Vanuxemella contracta..................... 222 Listed sala wety - Rel ttome tamed ee a aaitn Maced: Hat oe sale ac 64 (Kootenia) dawsoni Walcott (= Kootenia)..................20.. 334 (Poltella) anteros, new species, described.....................05- 349 ERS ml aA CATO Se ctaatns ens eit as Psae TINE VEG al sjciave oe es we emacs 415 compared with Bathyuriscus haydent...........0..7......... 349 Bathvuriscus (P olvella). cavanuSios acc. cs scise0s ss ss.00 351 Bathyuriscus (Poliella) occidentalis............... 349, 351 Bathyuriscus (CP oliella)> primuss se oa v2 , «2. 20a eee eee 354 fieured, pl> 6S; figs. 2:20... ..«.cact. eee Re ee ae eee ee 452 compared with Bathyuriscus haydeni and B. (Poliella) POWETSE nit wh ecknice ose ea see eee eee 354 GOONIES he oe hack $08 Oe eee 354 stratigraphic range and geographic distribution. .:........... B32 @otktella): sylia, new species; described... 28... 52-2 sees eee 354 fiouneds plivd8, "Ss, «350 Sa=fitn 5 aac RE eee Cee oee 418 compared with Bathyuriscus (Poliella) anteros and B. ON MENG Sa aiks arse tae ai fale, » hee ioleasiere ae eee 354 Bathyurtseus howell © v1.08 sass sis iale se ee eee 355 (Pokella)-sp:sundt. .Cr); deseribed 2 onsite aoe eee 355 fivened: pl. AGA REL FAA h a teas deere ieee G Sune eee eee 415 compared with Bathyuriscus (Poliella) primus............. 355 Bathyurus and Asaphus, compared with Bathyuriscus and Asaphiscus.... 60 Bathyurus ? haydeni Meek, synonymic reference....................-.-- 341 parvuius Billings, cenotype of Bonita... nc. << 6-\- eerste: cote 325 Synotiyiic; Peferences.-4 52. 4.20 7 sibs «hee helo eoe cere ee 328 senectus, Billings, in SyMOmyimly...ceee ee eile eee ee nae eee eee 319 batis, see Bathyuriscus. baton, see Dolichometopus. Bays Mountain, Tennessee, Upper Cambrian locality ro6a.............. 170 Upper Cambrian locality 120............. 205, 215, 217, 399, 401 INDEX 479 PAGE Bays Mountains, Tennessee, Middle Cambrian locality 10............... S75 Beaver Creek, Trempealeau County, Wisconsin, Upper Cambrian locality 57 KO orn STS ORS CRT Cae eRe 167, 193, 200 REUSE IGHOS US Se CARs Gh RB ONG RCISU DOR Ie iors ie tea aan eae 270 belenus, see Lisania and Menocephalus. belesis, see Bathyuriscus. bella, see Ptychaspis. bellagranulata, see Damesella. weverapnonesp:, i Beaver Creek Section... 225.265. cs 2 ccew ce veces. sees 272 Belt and Cambrian, explanation of apparent conformity................ 287 Cxfeuty Or MNCONTOUMULY. cv.avic nhs weitee ais PInee = ee A Sos aoe bao es 288 Belt formation, Helena limestone, as identified by Rothpletz............ 260 betreareyson Sales) terrane, Montana. 0... 02.206 006 ies-sa- cence. sds 152 Bete Mountains-rlelena Section, described: issn 2k diese ds ovis OSes velo od 285 Belt Mountains and Bow River Valley sections, compared.............. 284 ettesentes: “Ale oulktianl: d atina Or -tcch ence arse ein Seca aoa eee Fe Ak litcea « 97 Bis Snowy, Mountains. 3. (cbs 0) see eee a esa 274 Bige SHOMY” SCHON ari. aes sear tes cree ike hoe c 276 Pee ELAM Clb COSECLION teas. crassa, ae ere ee eS Wr os 273 SEU OM Malo cenccucittets at siGie 2 aia. a seein SOS Tes ae ee Se 99 Belt terrane, Algonkian locality 400], Montana...: 20. .s0.05 005... 00.2% 197 Beaver: Creek Section? .n. caaniet hich Mas ewaee se abt ce ae bes 270 of) Mottana, correlated; Hiu-tio Systems sence cso ce ens nS 37 relations petween Cambrian ands... Goes a... as sees cole sos 263 and: MatheadiGambrians contact described: -..4.me esc esc nc 2s 285 Beltian series, Algonkian locality 400b, Montana.....................5. 114 Newland limestone, locality 400c, Montana, 105-107, 109, 110, 116 SECA Grape, POSHION qt. atacerai iti a eiaee eee ima ajou eas ew Se 99 Beliinanaanat Walcott, figuned) pli22) figs) TalGececo veces ie 99 belus, see Bathyuriscus, Conokephalina, and Solenopleura. bessus, see Dolichometopus. Bergeron, J., cited, historical review, Chinese Cambrian.................. 7 Cambirianeratinaws natl-tlinGeysclsereieee oe ose ce sc oe eh es - 7 bianos, see Anomocare and Coosia. Bic, Quebec, Canada, Lower Cambrian locality 20.........315, 323, 327, 320 ASSIA LCCMbaritIathscy tts sce otha ci'siotaic's oi sinleaasmie wes prala dn 322 Rowers Cambinam LOCaMtby ae antes oc cose eee ee weil See's 314, 320 EAB C MING CEIUINGS)) 5: LISCED aS ac oie oe o's yet bSElve ea delae's vl ad vidios ess 322 Bree pel: Mountains, algal deposits Ofso.. i. jacana sientak ed snes eee eee 100 Algonkian locality 400c, Montana..........105-107, 109, I10, 116 EVE lencies e CElO Map Ome T ON re eect emt c.sraee ok phe is tai oe oie amtoy eieeieaes 263 Big Cedar Bridge, Georgia, Middle Cambrian locality 142a............. 372 480 INDEX PAGE Big Cottonwood Canyon, Utah, Middle Cambrian locality 30a.......... 336 Big Creek, Hawkins County, Tennessee, Upper Cambrian locality 124.170, 172 ipper- Cambrian locality 24a. 2s. so ee ee ee eee 172, 219 localitiess125 3. B25 As .csccrsewaccntieer eee Soe eee eee 215 Bighonn dolomite, Origin OF . so... .. <2 5 2 4R siege Deeckee > Oe ee ee eee 92 bigsby1, see Anomocare and Anomocarella. Big Snowy Mountains, Half Moon Pass, Montana, Middle Cambrian locality §42 s...s...'.55 ssc ne eee 385 Paleozoic: formations: ...ksc. Ges dence Sao Oe oe reer 273 Bios Snowy section of \Calvert.... to¢ . 00.02 <2. ue doce oe eee ee iBillenesellaobscura: Walcott,. listed s ...2% ion. + «sso os oes ae eee eee 373 pumpellyi Walcott, listed, Upper Cambrian, Ch’au-mi-tién........ 68 SUMS EAT 5.5. 4 e'ein.-ovace: cetouat ot» ook. = he eterohrete ec 67 Stratieraphic and seographic position. ms emeee ere eee reels 45 richthofent Walcott, listed, Man-t’o, Shan-tung................... 61 Stratiotaphic and geographic position’. ....oerease ane 45 isalemensis. (Walcott), usted .. J.5..5- 0000-45: ee eee eee eee 317 mometneran (Walcott); Listed ..s-1: =<: c0.c-le ais be egee Se 369 bion, see Dolichometopus. Bioticnnecord Al eonlcan rOCkS.s rh aces soa a eee eens 07 Birch Creek, Montana, Algonkian locality 400b......................:- 114 Bird Bridge road, Tennessee, Upper Cambrian locality r18a......... 215, 404 Birmingham City, Jefferson County, Alabama, Upper Cambrian locality SESC. 65. faak sete dae eee ae 170, 178, 215 bispinosa, see Dorypyge. biston, see Anomocare and Anomocarella. bithus, see Bathyuriscus. Blackfootusenteso range of (Collemiay.. 3 1 cene ke Denne eee 98 Blackwelder bliot. acknowledementses: 1-22 ses oe ee ee eee eee 3 bibliographic’ ‘feferences 0.45 4s).aan se ane ee ee 73 cited:;on* Bighorn sdolomitesd: <2 te006 scene ee eee Q2 CISCUSSIONE Straticraphicunelationssessere eee eee eee 31 historical review. (Chinese Cambrianeese — eee eee Ui ave Vune-nines sandstone taeniceeene teeeica en aae 49 Dorypyge richthofeni fauna, Shan-tung and Shan-si... 10 fossils; lower asi=nan scene eee eee At localities C1=32, C33a=36, C38=42, C45-57, C60-64, C68; and COQn Wi eae i cee eee 17-30 lower “Katslane oii5 nc. ede» Oe a ee 40-41 collections by’ fi.4. < vast sone ciaisan s oa arecls Sere ee 17 section by, compared with Bergeron’s Cambrian fossils...... 7 SEEHONS Dy age cece os Bote See Oe Oe I es ee 54, 55 see Willis and Blackwelder. blackwelderi, see Damesella and Obolus (Westonia). Blackwelderia Walcott, distinctive in Chinese Middle Cambrian......... 70 exceptional to: China s<...0 03002 een heen ee ee 50 relation! tos Wulshanie. ieee cee. ae eee eee 66 INDEX 481 Blackwelderia—Continued. PAGE alastor (Walcott) (= Dorypygella alastor), generic refernces..... 15 listed Glnane-itamlimestonels ss ofa ad vis 2 22 secelats hoe Doe ee eve 66 Stratignaphiciandsgeosraphic position. i... c---cees ce ses < 47 cilix (Walcott) (= Olenotdes ? cilix), generic references.......... 15 listedanGhcane—mian limestonese may acies aoc ee) ciel tne acl ce sees 66 IG peG nigva SIS” Fo siceais aol ols 6 Bic ohes TG CaeRe EEE ee cree 66 sthatignaphicrand: Seoerapwic position... -.2.0-.toc-.22- 47 sinensis (Bergeron) (—Calymmene ? sinensis), generic reference 15 (= Olenoides leblanct), generic reference....:............. 15 (= Stephanocare ? sinensis), generic reference............ 15 Histednti=shatimsiiallermn cermin a errercie crs ccs teeta aie ok Sods ations 66 Shan_tunctancds Wanchurias aerice cac-s 5h. ot enis/eeioes 70 SthatienaphicuandsacortaphiGipositton: she rsan: sea 2ee. oe... 47 ENO ne Me SDP CIUSs: CESCHDEM cnc <.,nc qe c see ae eh cian oe hl AB leak eas oes 393 GOMpanedmwAthieeA SO PMUSCU SH erties eet encnteiee Cine ooo: 5-.sa<- ec ats 5 Steet Ob IKE Se PEDIC ATTOMS OMe vic Scie ania cote acre x oie aye a) otese Glaseie @ arate 160, 303 Cambrian and Algonkian, unconformity (Ac), pls. 41-43............ -284-280 GHEOMhOnMM ty MUIStAteG. sSs LT. «5 sju)a0 ciindao Scjaeiele amersas ei: 283 IRIGIGRA 5bs CoS oS ec HS Ro NAO ore ho re Rita ato ro On oe erner ere 265 486 INDEX Cambrian—Continued. PAGE and Archean, unconformable contact (Arc), pls. 40-42.......... 282-287 and Belt, explanation of apparent conformity...................0. 287 Extent OL uNCONLOLMIty., =.05occnsenes 8 osare oe eae 288 terrane), relations betwee. .accian mc cm anor eee eee 263 SECHON. sae 5 sete abiya boise Seiont oor acer eee 263 and pre-Cambrianm at Elelenay discussed. sae eee eee eee 280 relations, between <<.« 2. soh<@ erst. comic ce oe econ Pee Ee 250 unconformity between .. <<< 0ccwsss.neaciaiele s.cteets eee Meee 282 Big Belt Mountains s..c 2s 50405-a0eseee ee sete ee eee 263 Cambro-Ordovician boundary in British Columbia, publication.......... 160 Cameron) Nuiles)j.; acknowledements=-m-.- eis -eiens eee erie ere eee 373 camiro, see Crepicephalus. camma, see Asaphiscus. campanula, see Coscinocyathus. campe, see Ptychaspis. Canadian Pacific Railway, British Columbia, Upper Cambrian locality BAGS. 25 sc cre cisibert pee o aaa atella ew Seine ee eee 228 Canadian Rocky Mountain region, compared with St. Lawrence-New- foundland area i. .58- heats cee ee Deere 308 Canadian time, faunas in relation to Tsi-nan sea... ...2.05¢s0s-2 secre 41 Ganandaigua Wake, New YiOnk farce tsecclaten' ots ore orasors aclarene Stare isiays ease 118, 120 water biséuit froms..s....s osessotset cen oats cee oon Cee eee 86 cancellatus, see Coscinocyathus. canens, see Illenurus and Tsinania. capax, see Agraulos and Inouyia. capella, see Asaphiscus. “ Capitol Creek shale,’ Lower Cambrian age not sustained.............. 201 ot Rothpletz. (— Park shale ot Weed)! ..:2205 1-0 pecs eee eee 291 Cap Mountain formation, Upper Cambrian localities 14d, 67a........... 213 capito, see Corynexochus. caranus, see Bathyuriscus (Poliella). Garboniferous, Beaver Creek section: < ..200. « «21-62 4220s end ea 272 Bie Snowy Mountains, Montana. ...0...0.02.% s.ed fee ace 275 locality C56 20k wisieln mec oo ioniecin wich debomlegpawier Ween awe Beene 28 LOWER TAEPOSILIONS /.)< 5, 0c0e.si0)eaeta Ge wid; arais's, clei Riw, 5 dh, Searclete ohare QI Careless ‘Creek, Big Snowy Mountains. <«..4.2.0%<0. <2.06. 26 oe a eee 274 carinata, see Redlichia. Carkhuff, Norman W., photographs by, pls. 40-43................+2.-> 282-289 carme, see Anomocarella and Coosia. Carnegie Institution of Washington, acknowledgments.................. 3 discussion of Dorypyge richthofeni in collections............ 7 identiication Of SpeCies’.’; «oa =1os%s = o,n 8 se aem renter eee 6 ekhe Cambrian Hahas Of Chima aeetse ccc ce eee By TE Castle Mountain section, Stephen formation, Alberta, Middle Cambrian locality: S58... 2.050. os oe tee eee 364 Cave Spring, Floyd County, Georgia, Middle Cambrian locality 141..... 181 Cedar Bluff, Coosa River, Alabama, Upper Cambrian locality g0a.170, 171, 213 Upper Cambrian locality ‘9m. ss: .0.5---2 170; 171, 213, 215, 216 INDEX 487 PAGE Center Township, Cherokee County, Alabama, Upper Cambrian locality DARIO ere ei eel re Res ela Malo ae le bee RE EEE 170 Center County, Pennsylvania, Upper Cambrian locality 1r07k........... 165 CentralaShan-tungveMian-toOl fauna cesses oe cee. lec de ose cee edccoescs 61 MepiMOMOdawdISEUSSEU AS aac mtn s® Sees ao 24 sd oe DoS ee Sew Seen e hee 150 Boraropyvetd-e meaty Mame cere. e% is, fos ose ets sek be va dsm esee bus 199 CrCPICCPHGNES AGO: TAMMYyr es os. eects soe e-ssiee Okie maele vele. dds weess 203 ceres, see Illenurus and Tsinania. ceticephalus, see Agraulos. ceto, see Ptychaspis. ceus, see Ptychoparia. ReliamOSeGec ass ine, SECLELIONS Oh 2 imieucays ocicaes oa Se Hacc cdinasedenecs gI chalcon, see Solenopleura. Ghammegiam shidles, sRelt-SEKIGS\.). 4% oss gic. .si <\see odes an Seyoais cele aenseeie 99 NET Gt Lemme Pa Se CERO Mearns fra) ere cos cietrin ys eiiaie out ata hatin e See. a eibca wa Swibiereies ¢ 273 Chamberlin and Salisbury, theory as to coastal deposits.................. 82 CIC (CEO OTINOEE ree te ierciaie, ote cova avec aia stre. 3s: Serle swiers Mais aad oat, 89 Champlain Canal, New York, Upper Cambrian locality rog.. . 194 Ch’ang-hia, Shan-tung, localities near, Cxr5=31, C34=36, C38, (ome =51 ANGR GOS eee ae es oa oietoG es vin eres 21-30 Sections Camprian strata; Man-t’o (he 4.)). 0.5... << dsc0scec0 54 CIStRICtHMralinam liste deme peta ten tne hee Sas Wea aka wc ntic oe ari aece 67-68 Seneragand sspectesmiistedamm aces see eee iehnce een alee 65 Middle-Cambrian represented’ . Jac .24sec00< odessa cs eceace 63 Sitati-=panlowaseClOn ae eink Pee Nee cies Lee nee cae 51 FAlth oe OWIOMISte Cre eine iceman erate i er Ae OS ee 71 formation, occurrence of Dorypyge richthofeni...............0.-. 7 liniestone, fauna in upper horizon) listed... .... ce... 0-6-0000 oes 66 TOMS RGHIR NITED sooo ne et ee cere oe Oe eR eo ce ke on ee 40 MiddlesCambrian, locality «Crs 12'\n aes cone ck be eee ee ss 306 l@ealityaS 2 See oc oni ciate aete sea os ere ae eee he 8 368 oolite, correlated with Dorypyge richthofenit fauna, Shan-si....... 10 @hara, alcal agent of calcium’ Carbonate ii ec2 05 m2 26 bene soe ders tle vane oe 86, 87 CIMENEEOSAS: SUT RI CED DHSU(C) era a he curt unica OIC rrack RO ORS Oe METRE peepee ae ete 100 Ch’au-mi-tién, Shan-tung, Ch’ang-hia district, Cambrian localities C3 4=36, Case Cqresn. and CoS wienes.c. tees sce 6.225230 section, Upper Cambrian and Lower Ordovician strata...... 55 PaeManiste Camere eee nieie none ie kee ee Mae eee oes comet 71 limestone .Gyrrocerasam lOWET.s {.)x.0205 sete t tees dans a delek saves 5 PEneKamanGdmSPEClES MlIStEM sen chisiatclotrs ccm eee eieile pile eels ale 68 Simi CAN CesOnseenenaereiwerssre auctoer sericea evs isle De clears 42 ELD PE Tepe Neh Cle lt) Oeerae Poytckerexeterctel ciel cin cvorere hesetceerate vote sath eeveveyrovoiave stoke 40 chauveaui, see Arthricocephalus. Chepultepec, Jefferson County, Alabama, Upper Cambrian locality SD ASU ae he ie ak Oe Nm Nistoreakee sie ee 190, 214 Cherokee County, Alabama, Middle Cambrian localities 112, 112a...... 180 Chetang formation, Alberta, Middle Cambrian locality 61 0............. 355 488 INDEX PAGE Chief Mountain quadrangle, Algonkian unnumbered locality, Montana... 113 Styeh limestone locality, Montana..:..0- 4.-..s2.em seer 130 Chinas Algonkianmclimatencs oc esse oe on ae ee ae eee eee 84 Cambrian fatna. discussed... pacer noe eee Oe eee 58 distribution, eedlichia wcssms ce meee goth eee 62 fauna, contrasted with northern tndiaiec sen eeereee 71 Middle Cambrian, correlated with fauna, B. C: and US. Ase. ceusdaso os eeione pee eee 4-5 Paleozoic formations, cited, preliminary discussion.... 3 Cambrian faunas of, publication... 4--0e-e ee eee eee eee 160 Crépicephalus Att ais 505 < 2o0 cae cn Sealers See eee ee eee 203 Sr QtO Cid AM. < 2% 50 cc) < erayans ee te Nokes ee Re epee DE ROE oe 195 see Chinese: localitiesis <....5% <0 cts sleis m aihioleotene easy am eee eon Oper tere eee 17-34 chinensis, see Agnostus, Helcionella rugosa, Mitscherlichia, Obolus, Red- lichia, and Stenotheca rugosa. Chinese Cambrian, Solenopleura ? sibirica not represented.............. 72 Cambrian localities, with lists of genera and species........ 17-34 collection; “restlts «. 2... «d.00 ocide Sek ee Oe eee 5 faunas, American and European genera omitted............. 59 Middle Cambrian fauna, distinctive genera.................. 70 species, stratigraphic and geographic distribution.......... 44-50 chione, see Damesella. chippewaensis, see Lonchocephalus. Chisholm Mine, Nevada, type locality of Chisholm shales............... 409 Chisholm shales, new formation name, described.....................0-- 409 House Range, Utah, Middle Cambrian locality 3v.......... 371 Nevada, Middle Cambrian locality g1.................- 344, 371 typicalsfauna, listed 7.5... .cnc t+. se hee eee 409 chloris, see Protospongia. Chonetes loganensis, in Beaver Creek section. ...... 202 «. oss-sssnseeeeee 272 Ch6n-p’ing-hién, on Nan-kiang River, Shen-si, localities C32 and C32’... 24 chromatica, see Obolella. chronus, see Pelagiella and Platyceras. CGhroocaccaceze:, Aleonkian algalcells resembling. ..-442. se eee 103 AAS Une dsl BO Her GS. aa grchs octets ot ich ante on ieee eee ee 150 foundsin Great oalt lake andpledm Seances. ceie eeieeneeeeaete 89 Chuangia Walcott, compared with Lisamia................0..25..+-++-+. 403 (= Shantungia), generic references..........-<5.-.naeweeee 16 not. Toundcan America’... coma-eeiarciiee eet Utes eee 68 batia (Walcott) (—Ptychoparia ? batia), generic references...... 15 listed; Upper Cambrian, Ch’au-=mi-tiene..) es: hoes ee 68 Sin-Cali.< «264 belSh ee Seukiwoe Scene eee eee 67 stratigraphic and! ceorraphic (position). eae see eee 48 fragmenta Walcott, listed, Sin-t’ai district... 32... ..0-0.+ sesso 67 stratigraphic and-ceorraphic positionasaes cease 48 nats Walcott, listed, Upper Cambrian, Ch’au-mi-tién............... 68 stratigraphic and Ply LO Migs: W302 tt eee aoe ee ee 148 Classitied: as’ tubtiormt sce. ae ae eee ee 104 ineaNiewland? Wimlestones fc Cat aoatce sce ees crea eee ree ee 99 CorieRecis taewpiildinesor. Howe Ol .2act2 sess eee ec ee eee gI Goralimiaces soiVCLIRG Obie... h.cs 5 so et sw Gsaret seers 2 rtenee ee eee 100 corbicula, see Coscinocyathus. Cordilleran area, western America, Acrocephalites in......:.......-.-+. 175 FOSSA Gallstl OFAAek. ss csaxs civ. tie a0o G9 6 ayovsiana’ oleae eS TS SCRE 79 SEAMMEMME Mm GOOMOLE) | ne 5,6 = 5 615.0 craestera brags s)eiete wes chene Whetstone Ree 2 INievadas seacitie Basineiatinas.- «isthe Uke coer eee eee eee 58 MSA CHAM DIMI Coakeiieose yo owe ato soo moeee ooone soe ok auer coouaac 82 NEoyiInce, 1dentiication: oF trilobitic, fava: ..- +) 0. season orice 42 western north American, correlated, Chinese Cambrian...... 4-5 SCAM NAL LOW INS Ole wove sb cent coos erecta nen Sakon ee EEE 82 coria, see Crepicephalus. Correlation taplestossiliferous, Sections jon 51sec s sede eer eee 57 corrugatus, see Planolites. Gornexocnids Angelin, described sic <\ca)dareusboapyee acres oe ae eee ee 308 compared with Oryctocephalide Beecher...... apes ete 308 subfamily Dolichometopine §:........ is Signet hae eee 309 SVMGUY TAY paises Beier si aeeseee ee Fete Ss SPO bo tratiae eee 308 typical genus, \Corynexochus.....\...20 snes Ree eae eee 309 INDEX 493 PAGE Corynexochus Angelin, genus described... ......-.-.---.- cee e eee eee ees 309 GING NGAGE A Ieeral ee 6 cree EPRI: 6 0 rR Reece ie Rte ane aise Reh Nariorc 300 COMIPATEW WRU GTR UUPESCUS 1. - x we ove ninin alto oldslore ais © es PHiie Sexe Diolichorictapis: # Ae. eae ). k O oe 309, 311 GUSCUSS CCMA teres ern ay Cayce id oe Als oo orpetasra stereteneithc ad etletage 307 generic reference of species referred otherwise............. 312 GHSEEVATIONISH IEE ere ae Sal nsoal de SS Ace CIAREI ae ISE ea Aut primitive type of Bathyuriscus and Dolichometopus......... 308 Re tCeC ROP ELLIE VIRU ESCM Son ea Satire uns: -aicvjq ers the o Asa ae Cees 333 SHVSGIGS AST ie Bs oie Sie eee oe re 312 stratigraphic range and geographic distribution............. 311 Sy SINE UA AM) Oe eincy ste Ys et Renae ie eaten Sian ana SLCMVSG 0 016-216. 'ehs 309 bornholmiensts Gronwall, described................0.002:000 e000: 3316) fiemmed ples Serres ew Sn dea ca hte, oe mS Sate Deel tiehclscishesal ae =f 432 associated with Paradoxides tessini and Agnostus parvifrons 313 Agnostus nathorsti, Hyolithes socialis, Acrotreta so- :, cialis, and Raphistoma ? bréggert........... 313-314 compared with Corynerochus delaget.........- 60.0 cece eens 318 Corynexochus spinulosus Angelin..........22265..+.. 323 ES NM OMA EUAN ee Be ceia cratic ete cot oie c sane sieS, oisle stare a3 313 DRENNUES EW SPECIES IESCIIDEC 2.5. soe 32 Se vos els = opeiwicieine Waye'* de wees 314 Heamed plers 7PM ar tO Oo tae ata tie © eis aioe Aa a ieimithacnnis) = 2 436 associated with Callavia bicensis and Zacanthoides.......... 314 compared with Corynevrochus senectus, C. (Bonnia) parvulus, AGING ST ISS We aeleo ec c.cd a6 Ske ote COD SE OuIO Ome 314 Bubares new Species, Gescribed 42.5. fs ech sini oonls aes 2 ce ene wees BA Romie, (PlsO. tess 2. 2D get ile sae se nse io ee heen sis ADA ChAT aC Lense ia cer eet re tee se eases iene Mellen oh curd ate Sean 310 compared with Corynexochus brennus......... +0000 +++++++ 314 COPYNETOCHUS SCNECEUS 556 ajo <8 jena we ee miyemneee 314, 321 Corynexochus (Bonmia) busa.........-.--.-....--314, 327 aphoaVS MVCN: womans SMa RU UL o> dodo re bbe Ogn bo sey ite Oc OR bInGae aii Mi Ste lemme ee ere ee ar TN oieaeloine cet sasun chau cain isons 322 pygidium compared to Eurycare and Peltura..............-- 315 captto, new species, described... ..... 0222-222. cece eee ee eee eens 315 frombedeaple is 7 iss 2. Aap ne ena nes wae eich pices. «8 2 2 = 436 compared with Corynexrochus senectus.......----- 000-0002 ++ 315 BYNIG TAIT NWA ee peti aide cise Sn yessregarelhci einte, mealies ee «mee © 315 elavatus (Walcott), described. 2.2... 00. ne beet hee eee eet e eee 316 figured, pluss, fies. 4) 4a-be a... -.ce ee eso Eee ited eaasiom 432 PARTS! TIME TNC be bone ooloo doco sone ede ge moueonooNe sac 316 compared with Corynexrochus spinulosus........ 0.0002 ee eee 316 SSpUEMOOLL GARAND FET Neate te osu, Shanes eee ake ce) 0a ays nis 'a's hs eis ate) = aim ek binj 316 delagereMiguels) deseribed se 22.2 ee dee 2 aie eee nities cites ent 217 paired’ PleSSadiGS. 3.9 3G. cesar so ae late inl ai + winje s/o e ieiaiays | 432 compared with Corynexochus munor........ee cece ee ee ee eee 318 Corynexochus spinulosus, C. romingeri, and C. born- TOUTES necro SO e & Sete CO RCS oO On ODS Abia e 318 ESM IAMS IMSV RIA eee eS Pe eee = Asa ole eS eine nan) nce + kn * avapet scares 317 494 INDEX Corynexochus—Continued. PAGE minor «CWialcott) > desctibed's... fea ces es vie ss eeieaistioeelaceieeceee 319 Ghebamelak yo) batman thea ON ela Ma Me GRR ado oda ododonon ok 433 CHaArACteriZEd o.icp2.c'a scien sale ae Rie tela elec ole aOR eras 310, 311 compared with Corynerxochus delaget..........000ceeceeeees 318 ANIME SUGGS, \arc.s.Slayals 's ola ela. g:c-c Sra'elarsividl ho oveneraits See ROE ee ee Snr SVAMOULYATLY. 6 'alnla Awe e a Lisa's c's veda geen Ge cee bmoe Tene Cee neeanen rae 324 unmvonatus ;cens! LOUNGE ON), os weds cs cc ys ose «elt eee gle does; not belongs to, CorynexvOchusa. .o21o.e don eee 312 (Bonnia) busa, new species, described.......5.....:..0..s-acrees 326 HeuGeds ple 57, 0k. Las plOOn eS 34 Sa-Ge sere scree eis 436, 442 compared with Corynexochus bubaris..........00000000- 314, 327 Corynexochus (Bonnia) parvulus............0000- 326, 327 (Bonma) feldensis (Walcott), described’... 252. «2.22.4. +e someone 327 heureds pl. x57; HSS. 4 A0=Vis nace crsteciectee celie cock ene 437 above Bathyuriscus (Poltella) primus’.: 5..-..=.-02 «aeons 353 associated ‘fauna Listed « ..<..c.cn.. oes nem reeset. See ere ee 327 associated with Mesonacis gilberti and Olenellus canadensis 327 compared with Corynexrochus (Bonnia) parvulus (Billings) 327 INDEX 495 Corynexochus—Continued. PAGE (Bonnia) fieldensis—Continued. discussed ........06- cess cee e cece c cence eeeer er ceestees 307, 308 Rocky Mountain representative of Corynexochus (Bonnia) PEEASUES = so w'nin oie ale /oie pesos, sioinicl a Bwiniyc\els ssn 328 SYNONYMY «2-2-2 2ceccecccecces rete cece ceneccesceseceneoes 327 (Bonnia) parvulus (Billings), described. ......-. +++ + sees sere sees 328 figured, pl. 57, figs. 1, Ib-c; pl. 64, fig. 6............+-+- 436, 451 associated fauna mamed..............cceeces ccc ccecceeencs 320 eine fe eee aR SAR BO Oe IU rare ine or 326 compared with Corynexochus brennus.......-.++.++eeeeees 314 Corynexochus Senectus .. +... eee creer eee ee ee eeee 321, 328 Corynexochus (Bonnia) busd.......-.+++++++++++ eee 326 Corynexochus (Bonnia) HOLOCINSUS Ee anes ae aero 227, Dorypyge and Pagodid.........-.+...0eee ere ee neces 328 Marjumia callas ......-..ee cece e eee cnet ene ee ees 402 Menocephalus salteri Devine.......--+-..++++s+e000+ 320 ARCISSE te een icorte Heats te oe aac wie econ e estas ess 307, 308 Freel ee ee oere ele ae tt i irienis wen aye oes sacar 's 322 Matthews’ variety angifrons...........ceee cece eter eee eee 329 represented in Rocky Mountain fauna by Corynexochus (Bonnia) fieldensis .........+05 see eee ce eee 328 SYIUOELY TY oeletain.claietere.cie ae a =taiarerei= ee ele alee nee nie os 328 Coscinocyathus Bornemann, cited Chita 2-5 oer ern tata ee tes 3 a2 71 discussed under Anthozoa......--.eeceeeeee eee eee ceeeteeeees 58 calathus, listed, Siberian Cambrian.......--.-+eee seers sere ceeeeee 8 campanula, listed, Siberian Gambriane no. fos. sister eee Sei slo aistele dicate 8 cancellatus, listed, Siberian Cambrian... ....--++++eeseer seer eeees 8 corbicula, listed, Siberian Cambrian... ....--.-s+es sees reer reeeecs 8 dianthus, listed, Siberian Cambrian......-.- +++ ++ +see see eeeereceee 8 elongatus, listed, Siberian Cambrian. .....--- +--+ -sererereeer ress 8 elvira Walcott, cited, China..........--.e cece cece rene rece eceees 71 listed, lower Kiu-lung....... 2.0. see ce escent cee cee ee eceees 64 stratigraphic and geographic position. .......++++seeeseeeees 44 irregularis, listed, Siberian Cambrian. ......-.+++++ssseeeeee rere 8 vesica, listed, Siberian Cambrian. ......++.seeeeere rere eeereeecees 8 Coulouma, “ Montagne Noire,” Hérault, France, Middle Cambrian local- TEV ES 2O ese ainsi saa cic wiolwidinl os am elsis nies sise'see's 319 Craigs Mountain, Coosa Valley, Cherokee County, Alabama, Middle Cam- brian locality 90 near... ...-.ee seers eee eee e ees 178 Craniella ? ? sp. Walcott (= Discinopsis sulcatus), generic references... 15 crassa, see Shantungia. Crepicephalus Owen, genus described. ......-.++seeesseee eee eer ce ccees 199 American species now referred elsewhere.......-.-++++++++- 204 cephala of species compared.........-+eeseee reer sees cereee 200 Gied GOttSChe ae ease cs sis oes am viapeis awn so newness 7 compared with Ptychopartd.......++.+seeececeeeesetereeee 200 comparison of SpPeCi€S.......-.-eseeeeeer ener reer eeseserecs 203 equivalent to subgenus of Loganellus.....--++++++sere re reee 202 496 INDEX Crepicephalus—Continued. PAGE genotype, Dikelocephalus ? iowensis Owen..............+... 201 gedgtaphic disthibumOn 1... 5is kel decels lee eee ee eee 203 GUSErVALLONS: sacred one Soe bate eens ee dee erie ee eee ees. 203 py sia compared’ . 24! ine kess cat a t.<, - ecileeet See eee 201 SPECIES HELELTEG COs sical cin. siete estes semyeuss cae ay ona og ae oes 203 SHRAMETAD 1G: FANG! cs 0 c.0eraicte.e) Save = Slece 3 arate Renee Reet . 202 SHV LOMYATNY Lo a/< ebaye oye) oie oneal custisrets) ae eve testo cneye) cuokey Scot ReeeeReten eestor 199 aueustar Walcott, \described -.4jcce ae alec aie oyster ete 204 hetined,- ple-2o, figs: '6; 64-54 ........ s's.a aig ee eae Characterized, Sc.s5 a0 Rie ees 217 Lormatronmmante OCathyet cette sete a. fae sas Ge Sis s 66 wees els 207 SSUEAVO TER jp octet a eh Sa rh 8 Oe icone Cee 207 gibbst Whitfield, referred to Ptychoparia....................++++- 204 LOTR MSES MOO WET) (OCSEDDEM .p2 .n sievetc ses cles «as = 0) ons Sie visi oS eles s 207 Hie Pe 2O aie Suu OM] ies oe one miciclcicie(s hou a's ciwyeldialenG 240 associated with Amphion ? matutina Hall.................. 219 Lonchocéphalus chippewaensts .. 2... 0. es cee ee wt aes 256 compared with ‘Crepicephalus camiro. ..-....-. 205. Beco es 205 CLEDICE PAINS EDOSENSS FO oo I fens os vis 2s 9 2 200 CY OPUCC HUAI SARS a oe tere Se oie e anre ee roe a= hs Bars ore 207 Grepacephalus tCXGHUS Jose sae coe os eae 88 ee eels ne 208 Grepicephalus sp. tind: (L) yc 1s oc ass syoisse os 0 0)s bate e sare 218 Grepicepnalus sp. undte@)) esa 2126 oe «2 oo -)2 = 218 other species of Crepicephalus................+...-200, 201 Lonchocephalus chippewaensis Owen................. IQI SOALUORIG ROB SCOnS Bec oe aolee AOU ao Toe aE aaa oe 195 GESERIDetIOM Moe settee aon orescence eis ete cele cree ele crcaeieyes\sreieie 208 FOsthiationieand loGalieyia ced 2% ances siege, ai) 52 sil sass creas sie ae de 2 LTS te eee eRe ete rca Eons heroes adres eee iors cede ieee se Me aucbe loys 203 (Openiise CESCHIPMOMNOE - << > cisot oe ee eit eos. vis teiscemaes ye 202 SeieLiot APA HATE RIS eters hatch cp steea are ple/< oie aiaisnc's 10,0 selnew claim eee ESSA COMM UEAAAN eae ey SH ac tes all owe Uo accel a aap) StS a wiirlet = oem avee 207 Minagan Weaikeains closer rele ce bends eos espe eeaseunUerebeapodcdca: 209 RMPIURE PIA CAG,, IRSA Sy SDRC. oat agate buna nye eins aysiv pee ext rete eee 240 SligheeVaxenbAgG) HA oe as oucie Soe UNA Colon SOR OG Den Secor OE DUG, Gc Or 6 201 compared with Crepicephalus upts. .. 2.2... 0. .0ce cece cree 218 EAA OER TAG WO CAULEY score hte pe feiret ee oiwsesu mo = 00) aos ahe eer celapere iets 209 TGR GL Se coches hoy Behan) CD ae one tenet AP eee Re IE IG ets a Be GS enor 203 498 INDEX Crepicephalus—Continued. PAGE liliana—Continued. . StratigraphiC- han Ge eavac o.cteielers ieee ere be eieelaiters eieamcle eee eee ets 202 | SYMOMYINY, (s0e.s\5 asic 3:5 sie sip dale's mine Marae Slee nee ee ee ee 209 maanus NValcott, characterized. . 2.5. <:s oie «cs «siecle eeenteaetane 220r Histeds Ka -Tin ge, os eras pies sais Sia’ d a eleulenp seed ee ee eee ee 65 MESES Clit vevs osiakase iareraie os c1thsce rol orev creda te oinvodebeletaere ohel totcae eorere Sis neisee 203 SErationaphic TANGLE fF 3. eeccene scmcwacmen si seman ee 202 clamacnus, listed, Chiang-hita ..... <2... ok «ses aistweorsleceie slave eer erect 65 (?) miniscaensis Owen, referred to Ptychaspis.........0ceceeeee- 204 onustus Whitfield, referred to Anomocarella.............- ese 204 roanensis Safford, referred to unpublished species................ 204 similis Safford, referred to unpublished species................02: 204 tennesseenensis Safford, referred to unpublished species........... 204 tevanus. (Shumard ),. described... «.s:2.¢4:'s senile mins caer eee 209 imeqotnecl (wb Aly iskee, GARG Sieh eh WE Asc g ce aggaKuucabac 240, 242 Arionellus tripunctatus separated from...............00. sig compared with Crepicephalus corid.........0..e00s0e00sc008 206 Crepicephalus texanus danace.............++. Slaielacioe mel Crepicephalus texanus elongatus.............. 212-213, 214 Crepicephalus tho0sd s2< .u00.0 es a merece ene eee 214 Crepicephalus tripunctatus .....ccccceececceccecees B30) Crepicephalus tumidus .....0.ccecevcccsesece aici siete premmelam other species of Crepicephalus..............200, 201 PROF AAOMAG CS) wcioye a ere oensere eee eee web eiaiovevsietele oft Ba formation and locality... ...,<..5..c%,.tecsjeie ste eats are ee 213 Weeks: tormation: <3)... ac ascae Seier emer eee 161 DE SEC Gee iastein it%e,oai's/s:0' tinted vw eserers tele pie (nies, ots loyshonete anne eee siniecons Cate 203 Jocalityadiscussed << tscakas.w geese een Poe oe 209-210 ATICAS UIT OMLOMES ore siehols | clelerel olafeleloierelolelshelctele/arelotalelsisioletetstoreiereteieneta ~. 212 OUSEEVALIONS: \. o 0'5's in ea) « syetersyeso-eus e/a sie Sieve eschere Wee mE eee sslteeee, species from different localities compared.............++: 210-211 SVM EVEIAY waiiero co:chaieie bane o's sine ios uiew siprehela ia Rr ee Bic 206, 209 StHAtlOPAPHIC: TANGLE * 5.4 cs sse\ope: sais ersioteysye oe Cee esas ae BoUEY Zoe texanus danace, new variety, ‘described. ss .-ae' 0c ac.0. 2a oe ee eee 214 HSUTEd spl. 20, 1S. 9 3,980. ssiesiacia/oe aoe eee eee Uae Ree 240 charactenized: (2% .igens stiosenetniee sia Seem: o (Slates) esvevevoxalote erenerOrene 201 compared with Crepicephalus texanus..........eceeceeeeces 214 forMationaand locality ccaceceueetteeee SO onmeet aces deja hota 214 MISE! Cliecrcrarsstens tare afarzs 2h aware eleiatel semeterateiteel acvorert ere tacie ERC Healers 203 Stratigraphic Fane. S o22.c.i sive an bios coe oom ciecamiserie OReiae «= 202 texanus elongatus, new variety, described. ...........0.0.+00+e000- 214 heared, pl. 20, figs.’ 4, diaries anssn vce: acres ree ome nk Renee 240 characterized. 7 aia as cae destin eee ene Jolie seine e aeeeeOl compared with Crepicephalus texanuS.........000008- 212-213, 214 formation and locality 2... sc. deco ose secre veaeQaee NGSEG Ee AE sins spit A Rierare cigars cileie gris eo esas aeteeteeai ree ere eee 203 INDEX 499 Crepicephalus—Continued. PAGE TAOOSOMNEWESDCCIES 4 CESCHIDEC sac. ar cis ore carers avet acre eoelevaio Sele hoes oc 214 HUGS least eit See hep Tibia 4 oid) ase: alahe Glecda soc wie enone we tc 244 compared with Crepicephalus texanus..... 0.0.00 .c cc eceeees 214 Cre PICODNGIES COMIUS Histiee S ae Sc oes oi eta hbase etenins 205 Crepicephalus tripunctatus magnispinus............... 215 OF CPECOP AES HEMOALS Te Sicleco eheiais oe ele ini vesicle aisig.a'e or diés 217 ROHN OMAN LOCALLY pepo eis lcreieielcaeieliave cee a's vs. s cei ese és 215 BOSE arrest rote ehatanyain) = eet ciaialors isfelalieicinihactis iinietssae ase seed wie ee aiede 203 Stiateray Mi Ceranl Seu cmraereterciscrctoretrckerotohsiavcseeressi ora) a5) 6) sels s!e'eisie.sisis 202 tripunctatus (Wohithield), described... ...15 066 cee. cee tees cee ce es 215 IDPREDMAIE (GREE MITRE Lea pila GUeb Gob So RUS Ot Cree ere 248 compared with Crepicephalus texanus and C. tripunctatus EGC HUSD ENTE Shs. o1 as oka =a) crop tapospeiclorsiers.0isteiseio'e, 6 6 47s 216 formation and: Locale carla ces Settles sateen clelaei islets so esce ce 216 INS UCTS amon ath ooo US Oa B Oe Me Olu OOS IUD ES ROR in nea ae 203 stratigraphic SENIECY Ga BO et api ok ee ee 202 SY MOS IT VAN era ao na cen aed TOM eNare a Tesiobsiaettereevernalataraste.e ane, 60s 215 tripunctatus magnispinus, new variety, described................. 216 saveq iba stt M60) kaneis aon n ies ae) Sean ne eke OE ce ae en 248 Chasactenizedassacacia ace tera t eer ce ia we oa wea cece s 201 compared with Crepicephalus thoosa...........00seecececees 215 CHE PICO GUUS UE DUIUCEGTIES, Se «see eee ee eee eee referred to Lonchocephalus * = relatedito Lo. Lamulus. ceca ctes ches wee ocho cee eer ee SP-qlancts Gis eed escribe dis... ca. i jj ss eels rece os oe OEE Cee heared) pls +32. NES. 45 AG. cos sso. cm ein ee eee compared with Crepicephalus t0wensis............2.e20000. * formation sand: locality... sc csi aro de oarecieee eee eee Spyaiide. (C2), described: i).f2css . « No ateele Pee cle ten ieee ae compared with Crepicephalus camiro..............0cs0ce00- Crepicephalus: 10Wensts «<< sc n5452 0030 coe eee dene ee FORMAtTOneand LOcalityin.+ sa q-s ancl oe eee ee eee wndtwspp.s stratieraphic ranges .05..< .20.024 2. okay de eee ae eee ee i ee A ener enn AC On datos cooaohoo > ? (Bathyurus?) angulatus Hall and Whitheld, referred to Ptychoparia (Emmrichella), 2.6.4.5 20ce ase ee Ree eee (Loganellus) granulosus Hall and Whitfield, referred to Jnouyia. . (Loganellus) haguei Hall and Whitfield, referred to Ptychoparia. . (Loganellus) maculosus Hall and Whitfield, referred to Ptychoparia 204 (Loganellus) montanensis Whitfield, discussed by Whitfield....... refered to Piychoparid, « .s.'.0... 0<0selsems one eee ee (Loganellus) nitidus Hall and Whitfield, referred to Ptychoparia. . (Loganella) planus Whitfield, referred to Ptychoparia. . ? (Loganellus) quadrans Hall and Whitfield, referred to Piyenee POPIG w Se gaies Ba eds 20a eae eee eee (Loganellus) simulator Hall and Whitfield, referred to Jnouyia.. (Loganellus) unisulcatus Hall and Whitfield, referred to Ptycho- POTVG: 5h cad vs Sire cusps clones Cae ee Cryptozoan, now Collenia, an algal Ge pOSIte Je cia! cate oe eee Cryptozoan ? occidentale Dawson, cited (footnote)...............ceees6 Cryptozoon, true, older than Cambrian unknown (footnote)............. Cryptosoon Elall,Cambrian ‘aleal-tormsvallied*to: 24.2. 2s. eee ee eee compared withGallaiuviaperterds.. =e ae eee eet ieee Companisonsawithy weake Balls! aeeeeeeeeeeer eerie eres MAGUITE LOL Ne AS ils) eee Enc eee cee on CREE eee suggested by Peale’s so-called ~ fossil turtles? 25.2... -.4-- and its allies; classified) as-semisphzerical® (<2. 2 2 conse en-e eae Prohijerum Wall; feured, pl. 16, ig, Ss yas, sees neers oe eee Characterized os 6sscse oe swale we elo bald oe ok ous eae See Ctenocephalus exsulans Linnarsson, compared with Acrocephalites...... * Text should read Saratogia, instead of Lonchocephalus, p. 204. er eens INDEX 501 PAGE Cub Creek, Hamblen County, Tennessee, Upper Cambrian locality e 18) 200) Soin Cel caaeeree ae Race ree 205, 215, 218, 397, 300, 401 CGneticem Cooper. acknowledementsie sc. as.Anmien oaepeee oes lees ye wanree 169 Collectroniseb yee terres crlecieon # tess gaichatratraytnene se ie 210 curticet, see Olenoides. curtus, see Schizodus. Gyanophyces (Blue-green Algz),. fossil alge allied to. .2......2.....0..' 70 depositions: by Vsiniular aleve. ante shat eeu occ us adencew ees 100 ra bitatwGiscusSedis sata ce etter then meee ne Ae ONS eke. 2 ResemblancentoMaecuiauen eee ee hire ee een set cee ones 107 cybele, see Hyolithes. Cyphaspis sibirica (—=Solenopleura), listed from Siberian fauna of Scimitar: coc e eas mee aaa tea: 8 cyrene, see Orthotheca. Cyrtoceras Goldfuss, true cephalopod; Upper ‘Cambrian. :.2..:.......... 5 CaMmurta NValcott, listed, Chiane—miadistnict.s...0.. 552500. /se.24. 168 Strationaphicandsscorraphic position Wrasse ses eeoaes ec ee. 46 eypicalvexamples, Cyrtocerid tact canis netloce eked saoee 50 Cyrtocerid, identified, Chinese Upper Cambrian....................... 50 Cystic plates, listed. 2) we. .4 kek ool ees Sec heb eR teehee ete Cel 350 JOSIE GIT Ct Ma Ree pees toptable dor Se er Nee a ee a Se a 03 Dalmay citedton A sap hus POlpeOTOSUSia. 2 «.1ce soe. seins soe aes ee alles: 405 Milyeaine A ACKMOWIEUSIMENTS Goo. rote a ecg eee e esy These SRP eh eel hee eee VIEW OF siyen limestones vdiscussed) «ici. So sess e ae eden 81 Damese Wilhelm, biblioeraphic meference:..-2...:2-.22....2+ soe see ee. 73 cited discussion ‘Cambrian, Wiati-tune. 3.2... 9 fe 2 e325 2. ee 3 : historical review, Chinese Cambrian...2..52.2.......- 5 tEMlobitesGliittav sets ween Sache te oe eee cine ree One 5 Dames and Kayser whistrations, species. described! bye s-5-s--2--.-.-.5.. 4 Damesella Walcott, distinctive, Chinese Middle Cambrian................ 70 =Stephanocare),. generic’ seferenoes? 225. 055 oe ci. ones 15 eExceptionaletonGhitiaics stent mace ae nt enters es ae eens & 590 relationt tow Kusshanany- atc coda ae eee eee eee ci ae crate Sec 66 typical, ‘Cambrian faunasor "China, 9.0504. css. ob ioe oss 66 bellagranulata Walcott, listed, Ch’ang-hia limestone............... 66 stratigraphie-and: geographic position. +. /.33')..4. 05... ses oe 47 blackweldert Walcott, listed, Ch’ang-hia limestone................. 66 Stratisraphic and geographic position. 2.00 5c... Co siocs bes 47 cf. blackwelderi (—Drepanura (?) sp.), listed, Wang-tschuang... II (= Teinistion (?) sp.), listed, Wang-tschuang............. 11 brevicaudata Walcott, listed, Shan-tung and Manchuria areas...... 70 ienetuneewattha+ as see Bie iat seta oes eis ore cis ce 65 stratigraphic and geographic position....... Bone ee 47 chione Walcott (= Stephanocare richthofent), generic references.. 15 SYNOMYyIMOUS Species, W aleotte 20). ec.ee shee te hae bree. 8 sinensis (Bergeron) (=—Stephanocare ? sinensis), generic refer- ENCES han cree he Oa wie ins PIP LMR we: 15 502 INDEX PAGE damesi, see Obolus. damia, see Crepicephalus. danace, see Crepicephalus texanus. danat, see Beltina. Danish Flat, Idaho, Middle Cambrian locality 55c........... 341, 351, 363, 408 daphnis, see Hyolithes. daulis, see Anomocare and Orthotheca. daunus, see Anomocare and Coosia. davidis, see Paradoxides. Davis, Charles A. acknowledgments: .).30c\.cans ac ee eee ee 79, 150 discussion of calcareous deposits: -cm-eeere eee toon aee 85. Dawson, Sir William, Collenia-like form sent to..............--csse0ee III Dearborn River section, Montana, Middle Cambrian locality 3j.......... 362 Lower Cambrian-locality 4V°:.. «..-<.assresncceieee meee 222, 339 PM OCality A Qiacet strstr ese oe eine ere eee ie shores 339 Pelocalities -awzands8i....4-e0c cere Rees 340 Deecke, Wilhelm, acknowledgments’. sicnccciec omer) eae peers 4, 12, 366 Deep Creek Canyon, Belt Mountains, Montana.:.................... 152, 055) delaget, see Corynexochus. delia, see Hyolithes. deois, see Dolichometopus. Depositioncor Jnnestone by Alege. «soc .c.5 52 nce ce oot nee canis aoe doesnot OS Deprat je sbibliographic reference . < .% 5 Sec. actly eines wietctes, de ee 73 and Mansuy, H:,. cited, Indo-China. .\...6c.:tatece eta eee 2s deprati, see Paleolenus. depressus, see Menocephalus. derceto, see Dolichometopus. detritus, see Obolus. PDevonian, Beaver Creek Section... 2 veces ieee cteeecreeiteeioeee eee Cee 271 dianthus, see Coscinocyathus. Diastrophism, Cordilleran .area,. Proterozoic time... .2: sake: fice sates 82 Dicellocephalus, see Dikelocephalus. quadriceps Hall and Whitfield (Walcott), synonymic reference.. 368 Lisshcn sts — ST ePnAGnOCOLEe. 2% ne-c s)s.nme ew ereis. teeraiae atk tee eG ee EEE 7 (= Stephanocare ? sinensis), generic references............ 15 lsteds (Cambrian) fauna, Berserones see eee ieee ener 7 Dicellomus. parous Walcott, tisted; Karsan. 2. «60:5 rcv ac oe neers ele ebro eine ol oereeis ees 350 stratigraphic range and geographic distribution............. 357 SWAPO TINY) mate a, 5 ovarci ate, Stolerecho le + iat OS SONS MERA os aie aie aie a alban 355 QcGdatcusaViatthewad eSChibedanuemnc-itmiek Seen Gis siee scien cece 360 infenbbrteral yp) Aleta Maatedste a tO) Pr @atimaminc a.cad-on Becoe GOO Ceo aeOnae 428 compared withieAwomacanennsecmcc em teclee cl cs cis sess ne- 360 DAV UF USCS) OSEALECIS = eae ole Pe ale Siete cis cats 5 v8 358 SYMON TI yar cra aero oe Sete ase as Scheie osacalls's 360 WD OlCKOMELOPUS: SUCCICUSM 2. d ue ds cicicala = oss does aes 5s 360 SCH Ut IRR s cg pecie shy oeisia sic eS Se RMCISS SINGS oie er wie'w didlo eos 360 stratigraphic range and geographic distribution............. 357 IV ARYOO. 5 Gti eos GSO 0 Bae FOGLE a HG tt CAO Re EEE ene 357 504 INDEX Dolichometopus—Continued. PAGE (2) walcesfe. Walcott, described: .2- .2. ss het Sa ene aeeeee 361 figured, pl. 54, figs. 3, 3a-b.. pete Adtech ee Ae compared with Dalene nctaias G2) deo O1N 4 .chesne dagn ORE 301 listed, Kaulune ... . «03.255» <2 ¢-na2ke see be ee eee 65 stratigraphic range and geographic distribution..........50, 357 SVMOWYINY os oc pp ve cd cases oe eae ans oo 9 ee ee ae 361 batom.new- species, deschibed ee eRe eee 424 compared with Dolichometopus ? bessus.. aSuey ts ischells BOR Oe Dolichometopus suecicus, D. producti tus, = alah hares and DP ABION ia hide dna sins co RA eee 362° stratigraphic range and geographic distribution............. 357 LeDeSsuS, New Species; described’ 2: sci. cee octal oe ae eee 362 Heuced. pl wis NLS. 3, BAsOoa-. <.0os aoe o Ole eee ee 425 approaches Bathyurtscus bantius.. <6... - ean eee oe eee 333 CHATACHEBIZER = A. 5.'5 2 hsistevcls pices ole eid ore EOE eee 350 compared with Bathyuriscus bantius. . OSS eae S(O Dolichometopus bGton +232:.2-oe eee ee eee 362 WUSHEG) Septieveceue + cre da ara severe a: ding ote Flare ois la Sear ees Ne ek RRO ae eee 292 stratigraphic range and geographic distribution.............. 357 bion, newsspecies,,.described’ ./.7.,.:40-. 4.0..2.28 nae Qa ae ee eee 363 fisted plese oneS. 2 2O=G- .qaue+ deca. oe eee 426 compared with Dolichometopus, baton. -..+-).-222cae-+. 00> 362 Dohchometopus productus:.+...ternieee ae oe ee Dolichometopus tontoensis . ae Pairs. oo y7s: stratigraphic range and Seanrapines distzibaben: wh eRe Si SHMLOMYWMMY. 65,21. sve « siensyend oul ela Oa 'e > EEE oop el Sete 303 baccar- mew species, described’. :, .2Acaseeues-Gaer 6 eee eee 363 figured, pl. 52, figs. I, Ta-f.. chi die ke eG compared swith Datichianvabeties. hater “ct hapa es ya rene ee 362 Dolichometopus ? exPAnsus..... 0.000000. cess. 220+. 300 Dolchometopws products = s...420 0 ee ee 363, 371 stratigraphic range and geographic distribution.............. 357 (?) convexus Billings (= Bolbocephalus Whitfield?)............. 359 @2)iedzors Walcott. described: ......0r-saser eesioeere: Sa eee eee 365 figured, pl. 54, figs. I, Ia-m, 2. + Soke ONE oe eee CGharacterizedh= sc cers ...Baeee nen ene te OO nee eee 350 compared with Dolichometopus (?) alceste................ 361 Dolichometopusi@2)e0incen-ei i te eee ee 368 Dolichometopus suecicus, D. (2?) dirce, D. (2?) derceto, Bathyuriscus asiaticus, Amphoton steinmanni, and Anomacaresc ssa ok S: S S ee 366 (= Amphoton steinmanna), listed, Lai-wu.................. 10 generic references. .Ac.i Cece aa aes ee ee 14 = Bathyuriscus asiaticus), listed, Wang-tschuang.......... II SeNerie TELErENCES. jcienddias cease cee ee CRE ee oe ees 14 ShanetineyandeMianehitgian atte eee eee 70 INGE nt ee ret noon ho sags oo 6 64, 65 Dolichometopus—Continued. PAGE (?) deois—Continued. stratigraphic range and geographic distribution............ 50, 357 SWEATY SAAR cea ee eterna vac «(Geo F Sield ein) wee ies co petni view oy0 ft 305 Go) s@erceron Walcott sCeSCPI DEG ise. o:< <'o.cjarehitis ers) Seid cee elaed sales sees 367 iErectbueera 79 nahey: lage nt taj! a) Ty Sk a ee 431 compared with Dolichometopus (?) deois...............44. 306 iste dhol ron ease tan eeetetapr oe octets ciaes Oey as See Seuss « 65 stratigraphic range and geographic distribution. ..........50, 357 SVM GI YEW Sic ajate acisixis) Se paistawtaila oe BOe aes HGS Hate Stale wiv aisncte 367 a dwce, Wialcotk, feSschibed 444 8i. cana WSagceteeen asc les recesses 368 MORE U A Dl sas Aen li eS b ee SU =e icieromrctns Clore Mer cle aisis's sos svn sere 431 compared with Dolichometopus (?) deots.............. 366, 368 Hishe cee Rar tio) Sc tioe Chace eters tee SEER OS Pare ees oa aes as 65 stratigraphic range and geographic distribution...........50, 357 SWOT Ys cae maf eee os + asyqged seks 47 slatkowsktu Schmidt, listed, Siberian Cambrian.............:...... 8 TOGZoschinoys sd. tonverasiasehen cseies de Pokeyoeracd ee eee 71-72 Dorypygella Walcott. (= Teinistion), generic references................ 15 _alastor Walcott (= Blackwelderia alastor), generic references..... 15 _alcon Walcott (= Teinistion alcon), generic references........... 15 typicalis Walcott (= Teinistion lansi), synonymous species, Walcott 8 (= Tetmstion typicalis.), generic references... 2.2... 4. .¢ 8. 15 INDEX 507 douvilleit, see Agnostus, Bradoria and Paleolenus. Drab, Pennsylvania, Upper Cambrian locality 1o07g..................+. 302 Drepanura Bergeron, distinctive, Chinese Middle Cambrian.............. 70 EXCEP MO Mal am Gla matmeetee fare eisrcne pers orsierte stay tetecoe teeters lace 50 RettelerMionice elisteds Koa-shiattivec estates olcionriacte tices oo cee eco 66 Monkejs’Geology/of Shan-tune. 5... --+.-.+oes eee 8 stratigraphic and geographic position. .... 0 2c. ces cece cees «= 47 prémesnili* Bergeron, listed, Ku-shan...............000+cceeceeece 66 Monke's Geology of Shan-tung... ..< <2. os. ee ee gcse 8 Shran-tunevand: Nanchunia.. s.r ces tae soci sels as oe 70 Cambnianetauna bereenomeeacses ces occ ee see ecteee 7 stratizraphic andvceorraphic! position... +... cce< doe see. oes 47 (2). sp: listed: uorenz,, Wane-tscluanie ss acllesdies's as erece oe cases II Dresbach, Winona County, Minnesota, Upper Cambrian locality 84. .163, 165, 167, 192, 193, 200, 219 Dresbach formation, Upper Cambrian locality 83%................... 163, 200 WMiresuMcniag Mew SENUS. TESEHIDEG IT. 4 sisin Lats 2 ile die ls Satesard oMerardse set ee ee oe 166 ASSOCRA EUG IE aye 4 ens ie ear ceoees « o eTEN RIOR haem te nisl Sieh woes au ce 161 compared with Menomonia and Millardia................... 167 TMI r at is a ORO AC ULE Ob cd DORE GE Cos GO AOR Oe ie 164 genotype, Dresbachia amata Walcott............... 0.200000 167 SCOLHAM IM CACIStHiDUtIOese see eee cite ities o sieiotelate veka atte 167 HEheTHed: tow NlenOmomidesacesoeicsic cai aciticie thal elole oe oc eke ere 161 OWSERVATIOIIS Es asiae recite tise tne eae ce Ue ee eet dees 167 uinchn learn ine iran lso4e eae ah aon. cho cree. den tia G a Oar oe een 167 amata, New? Species. Gescribeds «ccs sis asetiaee foe dee ales eases cues 167 river bea Ou Oy Anka GE Clee AAG Oo 6 GO Gey On Sa OOD Nema er 234 ; compared with Mtllardia optata. (all) .a.c0.6. 0.66.05 .ens se. s 167 formation sand: lOcaliey A25.eiuiae Seaiect- Saakemen, x oa eine eee 167 LD PERE, (Gitar eres Rye) 1 eee eee eR a 92, 93, 94 BigraO reels, Gite Lene SGnI is, dia s.a ae ensss & aioio/ Siena Tats ve aa teny eetgans ia Sys Se Sierelana tras 269 Wittlem@Bel tase ctyOnsack mies ci cone he eter he Seas eke aoreec TA: 273 not recognized in Beaver Creek section...............s.20-- 271 dryas, see Agraulos and Orthotheca cyrene. dryope, see Conokephalina and Ptychoparia. duris, see Asaphiscus. Esterne stad Gambirianetaunas-Oljjasleeyeaceustieioncisieroein ac cn eee citene 160 Eau Claire, Eau Claire County, Wisconsin, Upper Cambrian localities FS a OS asicwisiein boise « B ciaie ayers Geter esteem onne= 163 Upper Cambran-localities. 98, 98X..). 04.08 s2seeme eee ts 209 Eau Claire formation, Upper Cambrian locality 78a. ..163, 167, 192, 198, 209 locality? GG. soles danas uke s Do eie aeRO cease eae 167, 190, 217 FOYE Aen rt Ure ee emints Plot oh ott. o's o cere MERE OSE 165 7 Ot Nea PE V RRR ME aren rie PS Ein 2 5 6 re, cy Pee roe Mae ee 214 FRC Kae oo Ste ASR RO OR OF RO oe anne 214, 217 * By type error listed as Drepanura ketteleri in the second reference. 508 INDEX Eau Claire formation—Continued. PAGE locality ereac iin Sake ticcsors vs. pias, sis 2S Oe ee nee > .167, 193, 200 - SO; 192) 624, 83a; 98,,98xX, I34o.-5 425-2 o- ee eee 192 Siva Pee nr oe 6 Hatin pee Se ore ae ee DE eee 163, 209 SMO Re ae cs Fone Sees seeentarae 165, 167, 192, 209, 219 ci (a Senge en term OR Mon ar ooh rs sds ottac's Se 199 QS re fants ae ati ote sie tec ePagesle lala’ ok toms tape) uceence arceieg teat Renee 200 QS eles Sawa tie ihdishe Sete Pes EEE ees 167, 200 MOO ON see hides Bibbs ais th Sea le a Re ee 167, 2 MO OANA cccrlere HOUSE RE ore etare sie netde Sloe eee Renae NOS s1G2se2 BSO KH odie sie s avo ietetare w alco ote of mies eueleue onsets oe pete arene 195 Eldorado limestone, Nevada, Middle Cambrian locality 55b............ 360 elegans, see Orria. Eleva, Trempealeau County, Wisconsin, Middle Cambrian locality 79e.. 214 ella, see Obolella (Westonia). Elliptocephala asaphoides Emmons, listed................2.--ceeeeeecnes 317 elongata, see Tsinania. clongatus, see Asaphiscus (Blainia), Coscinocyathus and Crepicephalus texanus. elvira, see Coscinocyathus. Embolimus rotundata Rominger, synonymic reference................... 346 rotundatus Rominger, cited in synonymy and discussion........... 343 Emigsville, York County, Pennsylvania, Lower Cambrian locality 49w.. 323 Hmpinen shales described te ciccl.. >» oicis stereos eicle wre eis a ieee ete eee 265 BeeSEIIESC OG aes sa clonic cle a 6a bh Cadet ob UE Eee 90 witenpreted iby Rothpletz.:.\:2.,. 2.426% (Sec ae eee eee 277 Marsh shale confused with, by Rothpletz..2. 242. .2 eseeee 278 Bocysintessalonzidactylus, Waleott, listed-t....-ne nee eee eee 409 2 mind txts ps listed edo ceawcatad tcleclee oaleein ee ela ee ae eee eee 374 Bodiscide Raymond, family, described: .....5522. 5 eerie eee ee eee eee 407 SYMON YUIY:? Secse.5 cass alg 2 Soe/ siete aso'eyete re eetete CIO 407 senus Pagetra discussed: 242%. coc oe e ce eee a eee ee 407 Eodiscus connexus Walcott, listed...........-.02sccececececccccececcees 317 punctatus Salter, compared with Pagetia bootes..............0.4 408 nelatedtor Pagena. «cans cho ae eocitece s anaemia ee 407 scanicus, celated to Pacetia. is. se.an cece eee eo ee eee 407 ispectosas Ford. listed ic sos sacs salicie esas 0s ¢ ayn ss mao eee eee ai Eoorthts agreste (Walcott) (=Orthis (Plectorthis) agreste), generic PELEREN CES: 6A osalsercreeace e Oeics a He RE 15 fisted, lower Iiuclun e204 wean vies eee eos rere: eee 64 Stratiaraphic and ceograpatc.positionae a. sseee seeker eee 45 desmopleura (Meek), associated with Tsinania cleora........ [n227 doris (Walcott) (= Orthis (Plectorthis) doris), generic references 15 listed, Upper Cambrian, Ch’au-mi-tién....5. 520 .0<.s. seus 68 Straticnaphic) and eeographic positions... -eeaia re eee 45 kaysert (Walcott) (=Orthis (Plectorthis) kayseri), generic ref- GFEACES . i's) 5.05 2s arian e sacecte ue Se rele eee 15 listed, Upper Cambrian, Ch’au-mi-tién limestone............ 68 sttaticcaphicl and: ceographic positon. ssmeeeeeee ee eeeae 45 INDEX 509 Eoorthis—Continued. PAGE kichouensis (Walcott) (=Orthis (Plectorthis) kichouensis), gen- CLIC HNELETEMCES is chelate eek ae shan econ es oe Atle miche 15 HIStEG HOW els He NOI ce 5s Saba soca cae neler oe See ome eae 64 Stratienapmic and ceogtaphic positionetes.+es)s 46sec seen oe. 45 linnarssom (Kayser) (= Orthis linnarssoni), identified, Carnegie COlleCiiOne ec ere Cone oo eee 6 PENELICMETEKENCES! eye Sola) Pac ete oi ciee a oaola OO bis aie os 15 (= Orthis (Plectorthis) linnarssoni), generic references.... 15 listed) Upper (Cambrian; (Ch’au-mi-tiens icc. sscn lec ac 3 08 stratigraphic and geographic position....................-.. 45 pagoda Walcott (—Orthis (Plectorthis) pagoda), generic refer- CIICE SER fe rer IN TA TE Iahs Cecio ee bao 15 HIStedanhyane=htcaar eee aeen an cede tlc mice ean cERGI EE ic oie cs erale 68 Stratigraphiciand eecographic positions 4.e). 4. oad24.. 45.62: 45 Remnicna Ne tales wWwanchelll)poliste dame nives ce caieiii oe sater sl orat-r sie ers 403 innone Walcott, listed! <2. 055..¢ <0 0s a00: SS die bem dou OO OM a nee 403 sp. undt. (a) (Walcott), stratigraphic and geographic position.... 45 sp. undt. (b) (Walcott), stratigraphic and geographic position.... 45 GpenGeisted..@ hvanehiasnew o/cb eer. ote oS hcl. On cde cis 65 Spend tamisteday helo eae iemiteyanc eetteineec ie sities tao ass elnen a 65 Ppetrogenetic uncomformities, Giscussed...... .<:.ccueis% oc cies cece cles sect 288 ephori, see Anomocare. eriopia, see Anomocare. eris, see Aluta and Bradoria. eros, see Lingulella (Lingulepis). eryx, see Acrothele matthew. Esmeralda, Nevada, Lower Cambrian locality 162. 21.) 05.5206: Seco. 58 323 Essex County, New York, Upper Cambrian localities 77, 136a.......... 194 Bineridge. k., Jr. bibliographic referencesis. 6... 2s... 2 62 s4de soe eden ek 73 cited. GO lenelias> Auistraltana.s coe .2 oa hace o et ede oe 62 Ettrick, Trempealeau County, Wisconsin, Upper Cambrian locality 79x. . 209 Upper Cambrian [oeality nooal. 82. Se hc cn ee... 165, 192 Eureka District, Nevada, Middle Cambrian locality 58.................. 185 eurekensis, see Illenurus. Durer atssiniurs. (Walcott), listed: sc... oot ect eee vs ow cee a ce 400 BUEOE ASSOCIATION, Gln DOF YP VL EN odin am dove od cia caw oe te lee ences ee 66 Chinese brachiopods of northwestern, correlated............ 58 Chinese Prilobita: represented. 2.)2 02.0000 oc oo. os oc cte 59 and America, fauna compared, Chinese collections................ 5 relation, Tsi-nan, Cambrian and Lower Ordovician.......... 42 Eurycare, compared with Corynexochus bubaris...........0..0 0c cee eeee 315 expansus, see Dolichometopus. fallax, see Agnostus. Fang-lan-chon, Shan-si, localities C69, C72=74.............--cuceeeces 30, 31 Faunal horizons, correlation, Upper Cambrian in larger................ 60, 69 BeMeialeprovinices, \Caimbiian, ASidsic acco cde s... o2-.- oo. -2 eee ee 405 (=Tsinanta dictys), generic references...........-....-.0- 15 eurekensis Walcott ? (=Platycolpus Raymond) .............-- 405 INDEX 517 Illenurus—Continued. PAGE MMAArATU SHE Al AESCTIDEC woe raesle- aie ied vibe Sete tee Se nthe Sig we odes 406 INFERUD RETO, (DNS eZine wEreC dts Geyer teta arc serch Rene eee ieee 412 COMPALed pWwitheSINGHIG) GLEOTG..2 sen. . se esc oases saccades 227 HU ATATe eeal TPE Sy T1O My Tiliyeevensnerers teh ows lclemsrete shave ches sua aioe aie eee 404 SUPT OTN? Wiens 5S nie SCO Bao) PAC ees iar eet ee ee 406 Spon @randeo, Walcott (== ASaGpAUs sac Sc «05 6 gordo oe npaere aes 06 ereue ss 405 SP LC OLE eA SPE GUS) en cnc aoe Seta Bese era Se Shel os WORUa en srt ee 406 (G—Fesinanta Wraleott)is benuce cars sets w os ssicaothcinj nee heen one 406 PEUTIC AEERET. EN CES a7. cttepecicel ec toIt Rove tiake ones cca Sap erea aie 15 as Ey create a ectatp eae cece terns bitte 2s oleae eis woe Sk apmrcuwenets 400 Sprsunat. Walcott, lasted. Chiang-Mia..-c-.. ss saie sero cee oe cece ccwees 68 Mlenuss Compared) with LICNUUS: ile elelele 6 72 ch iperrugata. Walcott, discussed by Waleotts)..200 5.2.0.0. 0400008 295 intenpretation) by. RObMpletz ey. Asstt aa woryayoaerss oie.» sc) Sievelein sis = 291 labrosum, see Alokistocare. leve, see Anomocare. levis, see Dorypyge richthofeni. La Grange Mountain (Barn Bluff), Minnesota, Upper Cambrian locality WR Pee Aer desc alee cela ews viete ete eee 406 520 INDEX PAGE Patwi fauna. mdmscussed, Lorenzisi. 4: ticles hee ee 10 Lake Balls, Blue-green algal forms, figured, pl. 4; figs. 1, 2; pl. 5, fig. 1, 118, 120 described): e488 hoa Sacid se eonve oe Ss eos ee eee 100 compared with Algonkian algal forms:.....4..<. -ossece eee 102 Wroeedtatuberosd i268 Se ac asin oe oe Soe Oe 108 described: by. BarGlay on: «.st2' io «nts os ben soe eee eee 88 GISCUSSEM |. c dianevis Sec Sides we oe a ea Ce ee eee Ore an EC eee 100 Lake Champlain, Canadian, Asian-faunas correspond. ...-+...--e- 2s 41-42 Teake*Geposits, «discussed. 5... 6s.<.saa.5 sce dose ae eee eee a eee 86 Bake McDonald, Montana, Algonkian’ locality, 4oor.n. eee eeeneee ee 108 Lakes Louise and Agnes Cambrian section, Alberta, locality 35e......... 355 lamellosa, see Newlandia. L’Anse au Loup, Labrador, Billings’ type locality of Corynexochus SENECIUS. \ocs'ke bane cateitee Eade eee 321 Mower Cambrian: locality: :. ..2oc8 wanck oes ue eee eee 323 lansi, see Teintstion. Lansing, Allamakee County, Iowa, Upper Cambrian locality 86.......... 199 lantenoist, see Pale@olenus. Laotira cambria Walcott, associated with Crepicephalus coosensis........ 206 latelimbata, see Lioparia. latelimbatum, see Anomocare. latelimbatus, see Agnostus parvifrons. latus, see Liostracus. “Taurentian”’ limestone, unnumbered locality, St. John, New Brunswick 114 Maurentic revolution: results sb... .2.o esas ecee nen eee eee eee 80 “Layer deposit,’ by Blue-green alge, figured, pl. 4, figs. 3, 4........... 118 GMOSEVID CA essa is cos ehd) sceraseire ropes aieve @ dveteio stele rie cele lees eels hota eae 100 compared with Collenia unmdosd? >.<. oop eee eee 118 CAMGSIA.SPONZIOSG 6.55. o6 oS dhovma sean eee 118 leblanci, see Olenoides. Wena TatimanOry Valleys coi. aieia eva) ait = avsis: svellevelarauaicne seyal eaiehasenle yore TS eS ees 63 limestone, distinct from Shan-tung fauna................... 72 SENETAl faclesyn 2. oad «i. bie ees ee eee 72 species;idescribed ‘vou Toll. 2.0.) s55.c 2.5 pakiaicee a See eee 72 and Yenesei Rivers, transgression, Siberian basins...............-. 5 lenaicus, see Microdiscus. Bewsia Walcott, trlobites) Shan-tune searsundera..- cece cee eee 72 adrastia (Walcott) (= Menocephalus adrastia), generic references 15 stratigraphic and. geosraphic \position..<.¢ ..<.2.c...sesemene 48 agenor (Walcott), correlated, Ptychoparia czekanowskii von Toll.. 72 (= Agraulos agenor), generic references. ...........-.000:- 14 isteds Acni=hine a masts ice peer Re IR OS ac 65 stratigraphic) and ‘geographic s positions. asses eee 48 Lewis and Clark National Forest, Montana, Upper Cambrian locality 1X0)» ERENT ote erate Sean Hn er oe Bn Bic A 218 Lewis and: Clark asc, taloulareets 5. 2/ss/dis.a.cevacour ee DRE eee ee 08 INDEX 521 PAGE Liau-tung, Manchuria, Middle Cambrian localities 35r, 36e............ 388 RECOMMAtssarcersblackawel deters cesryotieprc.s cist o iors a ees etiee ole 4 SECHOMM Sch ane hoi eotan wep sete seis sialic ne.c ou cca cle nope 56 Yung-ning sandstone, Lower Cambrian age................. 61 liches, see Pterocephalus. ligea, see Ptychoparia. lilia, see Ptychoparia. liliana, see Creptcephalus. limbata, see Coosia. limbatum, see Anomocare. Lingula yunnanensis Mansuy, listed, Indo-China....................4.. 13, 62 Lingulella Salter, genus mentioned, Gottsche, cited..................... 7 see Obolus (Lingulella). GrOtUTam GWNIALCOLC) . WEStedis fa toras ste ciate tos ced Ame See Soke kai ee vas 403 Bestacrata "OW AlCOLL)s Wasted) on. caldera clo toe oa6 o> cle tae Os ews 202; 337 OPIS frien GVEN (oo 8 a) ree b1h 0 Lg aa a oa Sa a ge 400 SH UATIULEM STS INV ALCOR: LISCE Mi 4 ac aie ayaa 05. % sakerclele Lae Rie wd Bacar eee as 316 hayesi (Walcott), associated with Crepicephalus coosensis........ 206 helenguNVialcott) paicuned) pladay hess iSeries. Se oae cece 300 discussedibya Wall cotte. sacceciseice scene Oem cr eicllen: oceek 293 identified by Rothpletz as Obolella atlantica................ 204 iiteEpEetation: lye WOLplet zene pciv cn sa4 soe teetLnwie cis esse os 201 listed merrier cancer intra cistneaet tee ee Ra oA OD pra (NEVO), MIRAGE Se dca oreo Croce colon Gato oe G Gord coomeno 337 isneolatam (Niel Cott) maliste deriyscryactrace hick eicteereocieceinintn le clonic see: 373 manchuriensis Walcott, stratigraphic and geographic position...... 45 marcia Walcott, stratigraphic and geographic position............. 45 Gi nathorsulinnarsson. identived (Gottsche: jace+s. 4.6 occeseos.. | 7 peracrenwatar CNV iiheld)): lasted 527, wipe ais: neccise, = paierche cloner ee sre Gysle 8 Ss 373 RUIALIES PONV ALCOLE) Ste Oise cipro circ tous vw ala orp sistaveses Sic cticrieione Reece ence 337 Papas (NALCO) LISTE Mes ong 22 oi ate sielors. Caps cntclere eee Giajo kee eels adele is, 337 RS PMaLITT Cea SECM et ereme ar ats a oreten eraNen tether arate talc deree tect ha are ne sre RTGS ai wise 350 SP PELISTOC emer mrotre e eee Peron Ce ie ee eM EE ee ease ca 316 Sop maentined, IWaysen. Chimaciess ater. ep deieieis acces. ss cle as.ge diel ards 6 (Lingulepis) eros Walcott (—Obolus (Lingulepis) eros), generic EHETENM COSe

sara Seas) yarns site toeeierotapit i OT See ern oe 196 Saratogia VOlUH —..-Ae hte eames hee CO 198 description: mentioned... eciedeec eee cere or ae eeeener 188 formation and: localityeccr seseeicicres mic eieitoee he eee 192 specimen in Geological Survey at Madison, Wisconsin...... 250 SYMONMYIDY. \5/oce jo an sanjard icin eyayeleaeelae is Sot ee eee a eee 32 LOO fecundus, mentioned --\.....02.<2222)2he case eagle eee eee eee 189 hamulus, mentioned. ..2.oc.sckiercce Green ae hele aen cee ene 188 referred tO» Saratoeias ov adech seeds pee eee 189 minora ((shimard)) sud escribedsaaecriace tere Cee se ene o eres 192 feUTEed. Pl: Ay MPS SaOd-Osciec momenta ene eee eee 250 compared with Conocephalites (Monocephalus) globosus.... 192 iLonchocephalus sDuntseamctscns ene eee eee 190 Lonchocephalus chippewaensis Owen..............191, 193 OLE -SPECIES:, dnc bactea ioe Ree e eRe eee 189 formationsand! locality. nas-cese- ee ee eee eee eenne 193 original ‘descriptionisiae nascent eee ncee nee 192 SYNOMYIMY io. F< vaio cloaeialancd ate CORT ec te ee Oana E TS ete 192 minuiws Bradley); described ac... fiction cae ee oe eo ee 193 heured, pl 34. Mes A. Agao tac ee ce tee Soon ee eee 250 compared with Lonchocephalus bunus......... 2... 4-226 190 Lonchocephalus chippewaensts ...............20+.++++ 103 Wonchocephalusspholusic nc cncc ee cio se eee 194 OLHEE SPECIES = ce tard tes wares eee ae oe oe ee 189 fonimatlone and MoOcalityateemsee els or election oie renee 104 SYMAOMIV ALY. tore cas ola 's sess ois iavclet nug oie weriolamee a re eye ese oe a eee 193 phrolus: new species, described. ncuron s ec ose ke eee 194 {1 OMITEC els FA, MSs whey M=Dertonne a ace clereeaentek ean Ieee 250 compared with Lonchocephalus chippewaensis Owen..... 192, 194 Lonchocephalus minutus and L. plena................ 104 Other “SPECleS: \. sede ae Coase eecce Ce Oeee 189 formation and Wocality s,s aehccck ciciee Sane eee 194 plena: new. species, described .. .<.2:6 or siete, che 4 cmp ns ete eee 194 fiouned: spl:-34, Mes. 2) 2h. ..starmeexe tt a toctom Cre ete 250 compared with Lonchacephalus pholus.............++..+-+» 194 Other Spies: . 22. sad. .genae ae ste Ieee 189 formation.and, locality. ......4201

sinnslcvers 179 Wieaghermlimestone: descmbeda. sasceiscer ooo. sete tidet icine # clei Sistoel da oho e's 268 Beaver CreckeasSectioncm om tas oases nie loc stern wn oie lanes 271 BASe STO Wye SECON Masia oer clinielothaaele hnlaeis a ealche lies ie Lalcealee 276 Cambnrian, Studied: bys Waleothwase) oe jones acide soewuls oc slo aes 262 identinied ini Big Snowy Mountains). 6.0052 54.05.00 25sbe noe 275 IetttlemBeltmsections emis cee rae ote eae nb ode ate 273 WIGS: -Chiietal te ao homeo acer teeters Src eacictecas che oy cieeae aie Se pert ie Aaa a ere 341, 342 meeki, see Helminthoidichnites. megalurus, see Anomocare and Ptychoparia (Liostracus). meglitzku, see Ptychoparia. melie, see Agraulos and Inouyia. Melinda Ferry, Tennessee, Middle Cambrian locality ga. : WeeSSY Menocephalus abderus (Walcott) (= Solenopleura Ce ees generic eee CHEM CES Peeve acters sete Tee ae eo eines ioiave 160 Histedelknreclunprnp es renee ete ee Se ei ae ici. Sie acne 65 Siraugraphic and ceographite position. ..s.22.3 20-0. ose. dk ee 48 acanthus (Walcott) (= Solenopleura acantha), generic references 16 fisted Rati Moree Ce eT er ott hea teases aces ae eo eas 65 Siratigraphiciand geographic positionees--ea.e.saseces 6. = 48 acerius Walcott, stratigraphic and geographic position............. 48 acidalia (Walcott) (—=Solenopleura acidalia), generic references.. 16 Stratigraphic and: geogtapmaie POSITION. 2.2 essa... soos ve 48 acis Walcott, stratigraphic and geographic position................ 48 admetar Walcott listed. Kan-lungs saci a scie comics Gee reits sates cle 65 Stratigraphic and! eeorraphic position. sce. sees] cess oer © 48 adrastia (= Levisia adrastia), generic references................. I5 agave Walcott, stratigraphic and Seographic position.............. 48 belenus (=Lisania belenus), generic references.................. 15 MCepressusmVWialcott sted @hean Ghia aelieiesine soeite ae cere eae 68 stratigraphic and geographic position... Jo52...5 62202... 25. 48 salient 7 Billings; synonymie reference--< +... h..0 5.2... eee eee 324 TNETIETOTIE Urea cta ety ea Shere Ane ers ate ce ee ee cee 325 saiters) Dewine, SymOnymie Fererence oc. 22. cl. cs eis. 8s < cae Fates 3 compared with Corynexochus (Bonnia) parvulus............ 329 saltery ¢ Rominger, Synonymic reference. (2... :..55 2.02026. 0<0 Montanass sacs sti: aoe stone aad «les 384 8w, Andrarum limestone, Sweden................0+.- 373 OQHER OM MNGIIMESS COR retrrereten Aorta estou ietereicites olosisisiovereseveeo 371 9, 9a, 11b, 12b, TeAaw we WENneSSCE nants cote seit wieve Grades © 337 PAUMMAOLISTCU were eroeci ces tere toler ee csie 5 eis e stenosis B37 THEO Maritim rOnimatione)Witailyeceeistce os ye cls: cise 354 ri goy, Wieveloresy srormmenuKol4, LUE is pepo ae ea noon one Oonne 348 532 INDEX Middle Cambrian—Continued. PAGE locality: 11g; Marjum formation, Utahess.c2-e ree aesereee 381 EA, 1428; Georgiawis -ne-tie dose cee eo ee 372 14s, Stephen formation, British Columbia 225, 325, 346, 347, 351, 378 16d, 89x, 90;205; TO7E 2. 2055 JN eee 178 16e, Conasauga, rormation. Alabamad......1.- aces 348 30a, 55e; Utahns ce o5c00 Sse cee 335, 330 31, Chisholmishales Nevadaeeecia-cem seer 344, 371 fauna. listed) aaci eee acta oe acteltes ais okt 409 ZUC, 52a FAO Ns. Scincise Secon eae Peers 187 aur) Mar iiumieronmation. Ui taliee eae tele eee eee 402 35k, Burgess shale, British Columbia. ..226, 325, 347, 408 35 0, 35p, 250; Liaau-tang) Manchurias.:2 63-5 -een oe 367 35,0; 362, 36h, Hu-chow series, (Chinas. -ae cee 346 S51, 266) fu-choutseries.« @hinasee eae sees 388 47h Wolr Greek Varciniaseecmtcceiaece cee keen 384 48-480), York Pennsylvaniariaacdeacecee sere ae 350 fauna listed: nites seh oetatetos tee Ee 350 54z,0 Wolsey, shale; Montanasit.4..ceacces. eee 385 55D; Eldorado vimestomes Nevada--m-cicr cerie ee ei 369 55c, Spence shale, Idaho....... 336, 341, 350, 351, 363, 408 55e, Spence shale, Ute formation, Utah........... 341, 378 BSS Gasca dei co's os so Roe Oe OSL cee eee 188 56y,. Pennessee t.:acsiethcatas ae teins Me ee eee 305 572, 57u, 148, 58m, 61r’, Alberta and British Colum- Dias eh tenets ae es SER Bh ako ieee eee eee 364 573, stephen formation, British (Columbiacc: 202... 4: 347 BB seed ooo aeRO Bistake ae ate iia ae Oe ae eee 185 58), 6115 Britishi Columbiag. 4.264 eee 335 58r, Stephen formation, British Columbia............ 378 65.0; Chetan tosmation, “Albertamaesseae eee aes 355 621, Wolsey: shales Montanas seas eee eae 362 625;) Wolsey shales Miontands gsceee ee eee eee 384 7A Grand: Canyons Amizondeereeeretee ataeeee 184, 374 fatinavlisteds .s.c5 se ot else cree eee eee erate 273 74e. (Bright Angelishales Arizona. scles secon 184, 371, 374 Paruihl awliStie dae eae oF istels clotateienctona rete 85 Monkes He bibliographicsreterences.. seas ee aaa 74 cited, historical review, Chinese Cambrian.................- 8 “Upper Cambrian” trilobites, Geology of Shan-tung.. 8 monket, see Shantungia ahd Stephanocare. Montatia; Acrocephalites ils srcd.sc «22s. actees eo & sistas See ee ee eee 175 Algonkian: Sedimentation ew. ceo cemciceeies eco niaaeeeeeeieeer 80-81 ANG RISLOCORE AN. «...8 ah dale ac tk BOD Sele at iolee OO EO aE eee 183 Camp (Greek section, Gollenia ranger Otnacie eee eee eee 98 Grepicephalus 10.32 ocak ce cicss 04s elvdals Dak sash se Oaetledeeeeer ae aaiee 203 Vanuxemella- an. 22.0% 0s. s eee See Re eee Oe Ree 221 wewerCambrian localities 4vs) 51sec ica ser ere eee ere ree 222 Middle Cambrian locality Ages sera. e eee cebicie se tiie ee eee 180 BE deine Osdaeae. 2 Senate cane algae) cals Gig eee eee 185 BO OE Sofas cannes Sister ra eg ale ole Sho: Sialibaers ee eRe 186 Upper Cambrian localities-ar; g5Sd) 25.0.5..o0-6) nie oe ye 216 MOD eisfais siatieeia es ais ora cnepere labo oie arches keer eT 218 1 0 Cee MOE ait neonate au eto OWS oo Phe Phil unnumbered! locality sin ass.cec8s «0 clases ae eee 179 Moore; E., F.. name suggested: by (footnote) .(.2 52)-0 2201 iets ieee ee 165 Moore, "George T., acknowledgments). ss. see css eles ee ee ee 13, 62 ChaSsa ma Cklalll) cm ltStececs ars or een a tea oe NE ore Secs cloe tos 322 damesteNValcottmlisted lnGdo-Chinagadsaaeeee reine tee aac 13, 62 listed sslowennWatalin Gs cao ee oe oe ro oe oa oe 64 Upper Cambrian, (Chau-mi-ten> ~2 sees +s dees 68 Shan=tune and) Manchuria ga. :sce snes sees Ger elelociimee & 70 TST D Ga Kost eine 5 es a aa ro ey BS ea 1 Ae a a ta 65 occurrence, strata above Middle Cambrian.................. 64 Straticnaphicrandusecogtaphic positions. saci eciiecccmeeictsieae 45 Pracimiies Mansi. listed, Indo-China: co... ce..5 0 s00° 62002 se eces = 13, 62 MECONMCIAPCHAS ( NWVAICOtE),, MIStOG). ©... sc:de.ccvae 0.6 euslern srt ovess\ «10 .oysdceoye 67s 403 matinalis (Hall), associated with Lonchocephalus chippewaensis... 256 IBives: Sralonwavee MIG UIIFNIOSS oo boca dude Bod Gb aus abiccid mob BOGGAmela se 275 alistedsa Ghyanoclianmsmc sect crassa e ocvcelicins Gaon create 68 Stratignaplic and eeorraphicsposittomes «4. ise os oe cee nee: 45 MUNVINMS NV Alcott, Listed. Wti-lUme.. seekers Setiecicicctice oeleesie cs eele 65 Stratigraphic and Peortaplic POSITION). ..c. os. . soe ce ees s we « 45 obscurus Walcott (= Obolella gracilis), identified, Walcott, Tsing- CSHOUSKU een ee to tee cee te ee moe 12 HIsted lowers hontaluin owen oer meee orn eine Miste teloels cies nce otawe 64 Sloeins sis ual SlintieGiosc osu cheoncdcnscccomseoasoone 71 stratigraphic and: geographic position. 1.022.) e.ss: eens. 45 parvus Walcott, associated with Vanuxemella nortia............... 22 [ESHOP cis cone to. Ca onensebeia a hele aia ak IO eI Sie re I Ae ais Sead © 353 ERICA CNNALCOUE) sc LESTER Sc 11-10 55a, «cro cise ne Dolores BP Ae econ oe 316 GOMENGGLES a NV al COLt) seiliste ditsmyeceacicmiecteeieiaciereka eet ee als iairoieieios 403 shansiensis Walcott, listed, Shan-tung and Shan-si................ 71 Shan-tunewande\lanchition semesters on 70 SHIA NTO pad taterovekc terse ee tice ciele bety ear ovate AUS wa eae dues 65 ¢ Stratigraphic and geeorraphic position. sete a... e--- - 45 PEL MP SUC NV AIEOELS HiSted.2. 5 «clade Soca nus) tel sas auka orton sete 06 as RS 292 POURESPA CONV ALCOEL) MLUSTEGIs farses idee 8 ol a/t vmivahe Masta ae Sitios aves wees 337 540 INDEX Obolus—Continued. PAGE eciusi( Walcott pilisted s2a.42 Alc. saris ohn. Bae Oee eer eee 373 (Lingulepis) eros Walcott (= Lingulella (Lingulepis) eros), gen- eric PELETEN CES Anse Sede eee eee oe ee 15 (Lingulepis ?) sp. undt. Walcott (= Lingulella (Lingulepis ?) sp. unidi)|, enenie meherencese = ek ale eee eee 15 (Westonia) blackwelderi Walcott, listed, Ku-shan................ 66 i GI (D0) a Pa Nee ethene TUE EINER EOS AS 3 65 Stratieraphic and geographic positioner emeese teenies 45 (Heston chuarensis (Walcott) listedss.ne4-- eee eee eee 373) 537A (Westonia) ella (Hall and Whitfield), figured, pl. 44, figs. 6-I0.... 300 associated with Vanuxemella contracta...........+::+++++06 222 identified as Rustella edsoni var. pentagonalis Rothpletz.... 293 from earl shales (ootmote) parce tare cEe Eerie 268 ATSCEC see cus cored oO ohe were Joie sc eravesere o> os eueaepe bas CO2T AOS eo METOD) (Westonia) cuclyphus (Walcott), listed: 2. 2-25... sere asses 373 (estonia) sspacundts. listedalChiano-hiaesrseeeee see ete 68 Straticraphiciandsccosraphie positions sees e: rete on neeeee 45 obscura, see Agraulos. obscurus, see Obolus. occidentale, see Cryptozoan. occidentalis, see Bathyuriscus (Poliella). Ogy sia klovasRominger, Synonymic reterencess.. 22202 =. cee eee u/7/ parabola Hall and Whitfield, synonymic reference................. 360 producta Hall and Whitfield, compared with Bathyuriscus......... 332 Synonyimic feterence 277.00. soccer eee 360 (Ogygopsis) klotzi Matthew, synonymic reference................ 377 Ogygiocarine Raymond? ‘subfamily described. /2.0o.-05- 2-20 seas eee 375 genera included, “named (ii. as qmess so ee eee oe oe eee 375 SyAciorapethiiog sodd clucdo sn Ubon Co odododdGoUnmaasaddeocb St ocds 375 Osygiocarts. Angelin, compared with Orycopsts. ....- 26s. eek Seen 376 compared uiwith? O77idic cco ne ene Ae ae oe ee CCE. ee G00 UundersO sry C1OCA TINGE rec assis 65 J nc holes Ook eee Eee 375 buchu (Brongniart), compared with Ogygopsis.........0.0.00000: 376 Ordovician’ form of, Oey 0 pstsa.8 Sesh otas ak see eee ee 377 suggested iby 1O rr. osen siis. Sais Ae eee Cee ee 380 dilitata (Brunn)), compared with Ogygopsis=2iync20 seacee ae eee 376 Osygopsis Walcott, genus-described...s .dsin enc 38a des ee eee 375 compared with Osygvocaris Angelin.. . 3.0... sen eee eee 376 OXIDE accede OO EE 376, 380 distinctive, NortheAmerntcanm taunas oes. ee ane eeee 70 genotype; Osyeiarklotcy (Romingenr eee e ae ee eee eee 376 ODSeFVALIONS:.. & .iidc8Y SER arenes eee 376 relation to O7riarsas:c Sa eee eee 380 stratigraphic range and geographic distribution............. 376 SY NOM AMY s:./0(o1dicyo%e edd ee lea otal er eee ee 375 under Osyo1ocarinw.; acsaatsnce fone aoe eee ee 375 INDEX 541 Ogygopsis—Continued. PAGE Riot cee IC OMmtde@en,) GESCIIDEE 2. sacs) airs cis eis es slew thaveeNe cidiedes alelle aie 377 FEARS up le MOON ESTs Ts © WE= Oo) sycpeeks esltyave ren atch = ataratnlele a alga ee a eine 454 COMPALed With OrriG' CLEGUNS. << oc Fo at vides anale weyntadarelace ole 377 most abundant fossil at Mount Stephen locality............. 377 rerersed by Frech. to Dolichometopus. 02 2.05.05 oe oes 35 SVARGILVIEDY, Poe ere hee oe SN ae ae ie alolere pons ee eer eee 277, Ogygopsis shale, Stephen formation, British Columbia, Middle Cambrian LOGall ity ESP petit ers ek carte ete reat tele ese aemctaete 351 DGUChOMeLOpuUs PrOGUCLUS ITOMs 272... 22sec acess ct ewes s 363 Ogygopsis zone, Stephen formation, British Columbia, Middle Cambrian locality tgs Niscetadietssccles aheedes 346, 347, 364, 378 Olenciiuse Meck, Gallaura cited! in place Of. +2 saecsesce- sss ee on ane a 61 Gitedtleenawlimestone. este kee oe wee oe Ace ee Me aera slots 72 ial ESOS H ON isl nL NoMa AAs on oooGeneasone Un ds Qo oeuaEeouee 321 ReKeghed vom Molly leena limestones. = eee aaa ose. cr 72 canadensis, above Bathyuriscus (Poliella) primus... ...........++. 353 associated with Corynexochus (Bonnia) fieldensis........... 327 IDISRRYG| A attecs eT eet BONA din Reece hc Ren a ee, ee ae ae eee 353 Pe FOFFestt CORDEIALCHs IRCGN CHIE a4 251s seit -es ald rae deaele Vinal 62 m@iberit Meek, synonymic reference... 2.2 iiss Fa se oe eae ave doses 406 reticulatus Peach, compared with Wanneria walcottana (Wanner). 220 thompsoni Hall, associated with Corynexochus (Bonnia) parvulus.. 329 Wis Hee le Pr ae reel rer ornciet Daren eed cin niahe eto tacts ot acs 322 thompsont crassimarginatus Walcott, listed...................006% 321 eenaundt,disted, siberian Cambrian: Jf. fat ot. doe eae eee 2 8 (Holmia) walcottanus Wanner, synonymic reference.............. 219 Olenellus and other genera of the Mesonacide, publication. ............. 160 @ienide Burmeister, family named.-.2.00 12 0sse. Se 2 foe ee testes 401 Olenoides, associated with Asaphiscus (Blainia) glabra.................- 304 compared with Neolenus and Oryctocephalus............... 308 Gmutted Chinese taunaeaas nes ne fae ee eis eee ee ee ee 590 ? cilix Walcott (= Blackwelderia cilix), generic references....... 15 curticei Walcott, associated with Crepicephalus coosensis.......... 206 {PICHIA eS pel PUES Be Sono Hin cerca opin cr sean ea bic eae 5, 800 317 leblanci Bergeron (= Blackwelderia sinensis), generic references.. 15 histeds Gambriant tana: bereenon es sec cicero cle ciele cee 7 (Dorypyge) richthofeni (=Dorypyge richthofent), listed, Lai-wu. 10 Olenopsis, Sardinian Cambrian genus in America, publication............ 160 GEMOSCH STS WN COU MISUCULA sree femme certs © ico. croutons: ay tex Mare ea shoes 353 americanus Walcott, associated with Vanusxemella contracta...... 222 PISS Ce Gat hace oa an aiar I R eer lst H coin Eira Maly ahah MERON 339 Onaqui Mountains, Utah, Middle Cambrian locality 3f.................. 371 Mnondaca County, Green Lake, New York. ....2.. 2.0000 ..00. cece eee 118, 150 phir City, Utah, Middle Cambrian localities 329e, ac.................. 371 Bastnoparia. Beecher, order named. ... 2:0 5565.20 oe ee eee ee ee ee ce nee 173 descaiped mmder COLyMeXOChide ses ds «nrecuitern sas class iens 308 OPVeIOCArine es ee: nena Ste cate be oan ce ees 375 Eropatia noe evolved throug: 202202 oe. ser 2 ecient wee ani 407 542 INDEX PAGE optata, see Millardia. Oquirrh Range, Utah, Middle Cambrian localities 329€, ee ROC 371 orbicularis, see Acrothele. Ordovician; “depositions... sc.0esec: ae cat oe eee eee eee eee gI dolomite, influence ‘of calcareous, alew.25.c eens, described. i.'.. ao 186 striata (Emmrich), compared with Acrocephalites................. 175 compared with Alokistocare althea and A. pomona.......... 183 SNR R AY CE hee arta CROMER Cera AG OR Cee EE SO ERO 382 subcoronata (Hall and Whitfield), in synonymy................... 187 tellus (=Lonchocephalus tellus), generic references.............. 16 tenes (=Anomocarella tenes), generic references...............-. 16 theano (= Ptychoparia (Emmrichella) theano), generic references 16 tittana Walcott (—Jnouyta titiana), generic references............ 16 VELOlUS Walcott listed lowers Kau-ltiinoee sass os os. sae cs cieisicles 6 oie 64 Stratioraphic ands seographic) pOsitiOnesee a. emcee cece 47 typus (Dames) (==Conocephalites typus), generic references...... 14 Siraionaphic and @eognaphic position. «..-4-4+-sen)ees eee A7 undata (= Anomocarella undata), generic references.............. 16 vesta (=Conokephalina vesta), generic references................ 16 vulcanus (Billings) Walcott, in synonymy..................2-.0-- 182 yunnanensis Mansy, listed) Indo-=@hinae. «ace --c.2 aeeie ee « eciei= 13, 62 sp. undt. Walcott (= Conokephalina sp. undt.), generic references.. 16 associated. with Bath yuenscus DeluSiecsic = dopis Se), 6 0s poem crn 340 NiSGe dpkae rte castra srateres ete ceTe on sbreietcneen SNORE tay hss tesie ey scaveites ocd toe ates 337 DUST Deel ISECC eye eosin tases st eavoots cys cciemetoe ne «\tnevage, evayeimaietaitarsizpsvaevSiauctes tie Nae 22 4} Sioho hs NUIT Ree aE ae cmon GROG Geom oe cee een aR Rees 230,858 sp., associated with Asaphiscus (Blainia) glabra.................. 394 associated with Vanuxemella contracta.............-...050- 222 Bree TIO ays NL ORIMLA Ma Sis 7c, arata a arct = te etchoted cea texey Seated i tclititoe Pads 275 : ilieeval 96 Bia ere Goto On Une DRGs Bok oo enna aeaes 217,230,350) 353 Uitte PANGAN isc sin ses scam Sasa sera sieree eee Aen eaintaseie cake 404 MCrepicephalus) towensts, in Synonymy... 5.90605 5-c24. a) sacs sec... ee ae 64 geographic distribution, Cambrian, Asia.............. 70 RIC te ees sya seca eyc tual eseiate Mee ee ee SR ee Meee 347 Reeds Landing, Lake Pepin, Minnesota, Upper Cambrian locality 97..... 199 regularis, see Agraulos and Inouyia. Rene eenL. Cited: Of FE aleOpOtaMmy sc s.o/ss so. cb ae enjommads ceebideessencd. 04 memo picurides. GOLtSChe Citd .<. ..os..0 6s wo e:5 ols ooo 4 Sac eiele sola bale oie odicn'e 7 Peete fossil« bacteria. described by s.<<. ccce cee de oecsagbveccensccicees 04 Peet MeChiniine © Hinid-pSECLIONS. ten vcred oa tensed viulow daealae sas. uc Uieedades SI 552 INDEX PAGE Resser, Charles E., acknowledgments: <:4.0-2 seston ee eee eee 79 Rhabdocyathus sibiricus, listed, Siberian Cambrian...............-...-0- 8 Richthofen, Ferdinand von, bibliographic references.................... 74 cited; (Chinese Camibtiains,.%.. chica ches ose eet eee ee ee gy i Dorypyge richthofem, Wu-lo-pu.................-+--- 7 Paleozoicvor- Chita: ities. desea eee eee 4 richthofeni, see Billingsella, Dorypyge, Olenoides (Dorypyge), and Stephanocare. River Junction, Houston County, Minnesota, Upper Cambrian locality 84a 167 River water composition of stablesceacs ssescie ane ee eee 90 robusta, see Coosia. Rock Falls, Dunn County, Wisconsin, Upper Cambrian locality 83a 163, 192, 209 Rocky Mountain province, distinct from Asian subprovince.............. 70 Roddy, fi. justin, acknowledements.....-.s CAE TAP CERI ee hae ee emrana 321 PUT OSH MNOS. AIStEG co acs a. 2-.5---2-2 se 2 oe 22 gI COmMiments on Bormemants alealy tonne ess ase se ee ae oe ele III PHO SSi MAN ESHsE Meme eo eee cleo roe ee Ioe eet clearer 88 Baan-st, Dorypyec TiCninosent Lalita. cco ncn = nea ae em ae ve eee ar ne if) fatinaleshOrntzOns,, GISCUSSE Ci mmeeaceces cece «eee tere oe are es se 60 MiddlerGambrian. nepresenteds. 0-4. --s--e- ac see = ce 64 SECON, SOUL COT MAMI SMe wc cnccve esas pisos aie aiencia crete we vines ores 53 SHU NLOvitice Mattie, SCO ccs ole ciesee t ces ote opt 63 not connected Siberian Middle Cambrian province.......... 73 PLOVINCe tatinardistinc: trom Wena a.j.se2e 22 acre sere 2 Glassined. Asian Gambian aneaseermaan sce one o> seer 70 GiStinctwt LOM SIDehtaMssrn see ences ere soca seca ery GE SUI OV ad ROL. TO Oro a DCS oe OO SOROS cacao MELA AOR Accs 195 Sea, trilobites under Imouyia and Lewsta...J.....-.+.--..-.- 72 SECH OMS Mate EAE T eserves careers eianetelraeche teen eae 51-57 Shan-si and Shen-si, discussion of stratigraphy.............. 4 SPECIESHLISECC MOTI tealine erie ettnieo chester eas ous eer nee 65 SUbpROVINCewralinadlisteda. oncme moe oon ct eee 70 shantungensis, see Acrotreta. Shantungia Walcott, distinctive, Chinese Middle Cambrian.............. 70 (= Chuanera)) @enenie Tererences. ice = 6 ane cite oe 16 buckruckert (= Chuangia nitida), generic references............. 16 lirstedmpleonrenzs Walle —tSCiitianesr- aac soccer ceie soe cm eats II Ghiscommlisted elastin =ESMOl litera iatise ce arias oeiacie a ere oy ora ee II monkei (= Pagodia monkei), identified, Walcott, Tsing-tschou-fu 12 556 INDEX Shantungia—Continued. PAGE spinifera Walcott, compared with Teinistion lanst................ 9 listed, (Ku-shan shale’. .< « 48 pauperata, Walcott, listed, Kiu-lung.........-.6-26-- sence ee cee ee 65 stratigraphic and geographic position..... eer Aeicearcttaray tie 48 Cesipirica. listed, Siberigte Cann iait oo 5 of. yaaa ieln cia a njouet oles, o/nras, nagie 8 PNDE OSC HIT ON ed 8 ce erences atone i eae win stare iors 2 ? stenometopa Angelin, in synonymy. ...........222-2eeeeee ee cees 181 AGIA GUNN ALGO Lt melISte dns. err ccace ta eteioe ae, ck a rcicrsd nenctocieusue stare > 317 sp. undt., stratigraphic and geographic position. ..........-..-..--- 48 Solenopleura-like forms, associated with Tsinania cleora Walcott........ 227 sorge, see Agraulos. sospita, see Lonchocephalus. South Australia, Olenellus sp. (= Redlichia) from..................++.. 62 Species, genera and, summary of distribution... ....~-2.2.522 -s.-eeeness-s 44 MstedatlacaliticssasSOciated scr. f2 sy... emyieytert Sense « selac\s/< lela Wiists ess 17-34 speciosa, see Anomocarella. speciosum, see Anomocare. Spence shale, Wasatch Canyon, Utah, Middle Cambrian locality iE Cie ee etee tev cx eas SSM Lim ncheyecenth oe areres och 335, 341, 378 Idaho, Middle Cambrian ee BR Goose a--1j2 390) 341523504 351,303, 400 spinulosus, see Corynexochus. spiralis, see Helminthoidichnites. Spirifer centronatus, identified from Half Moon Pass locality........... 276 hal IBY¥ehiere (Cineelte RaxamOiNe cacdasodnaes qo coke sapco00 960.0000" 272 Spirocyathus sp. undt.. listed. Siberian Cambrian.................+---5- 8 Baer eampnian fauna, discussed by Reedon. 3. 22. oe. ates soe 12 northern India, occurrence of Redlichia.........2...0......-% 2 relationvokeiauna tomNortin Americana) cleric << oe 71 Bearers BENIN See MICTIRIONE «<5 ag 5 5p cx~ aisiele mie ois sinha ois vinta 2 midis mine's = 279, 280 BERT CeCe MAESCEIDEG sc «0:5, 15 dajoti=s/d teers sissies dieleeeee,s was =) 265 TBVSIPASATSS es Pee eRe ome ice Done atte cero bine oc cle cpio rcmoeaoes 99 Algonkian locality 400b, Montana................... 114 (CON OTT. OCR Oe ae AOE Hee et FA Pa an rare, 558 INDEX Spokane shale—Continued. PAGE evidently not seen by Rothpletz (footnote)................. 277 GL lite hile 0 UME Mer NOP Oe tnLT Sra enhie nn ein eo acharc caindon aur 279, 280 interpreted by) Rothpletz. 7 t5.1.a5:e secs re eee en oe 277 THttle Belt sections 5 oe een oe ee eee Ee eee 278 and Marsh shale, confused by Rothpletz with Empire shale........ 278 spongiosa, see Camasia. Squawalsland, Ganandaicual lake) New Workess. seese erence eee 118, 120 stator, see Agraulos. Steeprockslake mower @ Eiunonian taina olen. eens meee eee 98 stenometopa, see Solenopleura. stenometopus, see Acrocephalites. Stenotheca clurius Walcott (= Helcionella clurius), generic references.. 16 LION GALA INVal cottslisted-ae eit oe eerie ce coe homme nere 317, 35351300 fuzosai(ilall)aslistedii. 4 le POR ee hoe ee or Pe eee 317 rugosa chinensis Walcott (= Helcionella rugosa chinensis), generic FEPETENICES las eses dae re Dt en aio eee 16 rugosa orientalis Walcott (=Helcionella rugosa orientalis), gen- efie Feferences:: sachs cle itindes eck, CG eC 16 simplex Walcott (= Helcionella ? ? simplex), generic references.. 16 Stephanocare Monke, distinctive in Chinese Middle Cambrian........... 70 @Damesella).scenenicsreterences: 2-42-06 oe eee eee Tiss exceptionallrtom@hina:. trea es er cet oon mene eee 50 Mnlonket NW alcottslistediakci-shanleaacaens tecnico cre tee 66 Stratignaphic andeseorraphic position: 4. - sete so eee ene 47 richthofent Monke (= Damesella chione), generic references..... 15 Synonymous species.or VWalcott....- 4-2 05--eeeer cee eee histedsiKureshian. cj Be cd icsc se ee 66 Stratigraphic and geographic positions J. heen eete 47 ? sinensis (Bergeron) (=Blackwelderia sinensis), generic refer- ENCES) 35.5 eae eee eee 17 (=Damesella sinensis and Dicellocephalus ? sinensis), gen- ric) MELETFENCES. 5.32.65 sake Loe ee ee ee itis listeds Katshane fc. Acs tek eee ee 66 Shan-tune- and) Manchuniassacscece ease eae 70 Stratigraphic and» ceographic) positions s14-eeeeeeee eee 47 ? sp. undt.; listed, Ku-shan... .ij.25.:00h, oes ase reece eee 66 Monke's Geology of Shan=tungegasss seo eee 8 Straticnaphic and geographic positioninee ssc eetiee eer saely/ Stephen formation, Alberta and British Columbia, Middle Cambrian locali- TIES ca Pe tae hed Rees ores Se ee oe Cee 364 Burgess shale member, Middle Cambrian locality 35k...... 226 conrelated, Chinese: Cambnianseneee see eee eee eee eee 66 Ogygopsis zone, Middle Cambrian locality 14s 225, 325, 346, 347, 351 Middle Cambrian locality. g5kio.< oooh re eee 325, 347, 408 BFA baw wage slemistsr areas Sor ea ous a tees aero Crono enetcests 347 tol eee as Gp e ee cote oats e uiabnt oma geS obo ce 335 INDEX 559 PAGE stephenensis, see Corynexochus and Karlia. sterope, see Aluta and Bradoria. stoliczkai, see Bathyuriscus. Straparollina circe Walcott (= Matherella circe), generic references.... 17 Giob wunelin WWelleeie, lnsinach IGb eon, on cog aase cotiIsdona ton oboNmOoe or 66 Straticnaphicsandsseograpaic pOsitioleaa sae. 2 act 8-56 a4 6 ee 36 Stratigraphic and geographic sections, Chinese Cambrian........."......44-50 MeEMiolicmes ime beaver (Creel: SECHOM. sa janes die wee 2 isiialoiss bes tacsies 272 striata, see Ptychoparia. mrOmato pore, in Beaver Creek SECtHOM. 2, «.oe.s)s.10.5 vieps 5.00 oe) sin iepe ee wine 274 272 Stromatoporoid, relation ot Gryproz00naa..- 44 nageeeieie ae eee occ 84 subcoronata, see Ptychoparia. subcoronatum, see Alokistocare. subcoronatus, see Conocephalites. subcostatum, see Anomocare. subquadratum, see Anomocare. subquadratus, see Conocephalites. suectcus, see Dolichometopus. subrugosa, see Anomocarella and Ptychoparia (Liostracus). Summit limestone [dolomite], interpretation by Rothpletz............... 278 interpretation by Weed, Barrell, Griswold... .......0........ 279 SUEDE TORMIATO MSG SOE WE es oo oss succes aocoemoneasne once od enero ast) superba, see Coosia. superbus, see Planolites. SpEMOae Wake wanedm ChOOEMOLE)| 2 ac aerarvayse areas aen seat spore ences “osneilenrin cavers ao 89 Sweden, ZAke7aGe Tel HiOos Ailes roe OLn oo Dee oe Ob Uns Bo mno ac cnn ote 175 MicddlesGambrandocalityes OOM serene eee ieee seer cence ee 181 Swedish Andrarum, correlated with Lai-wu fauna.....................7, 10 Swimming, Woman Creek, Big Snowy Mountains...............-....-. 274 OMLMLE THROM CLECUE. wavcyeieters eters suerte < ateacraesgetAGeNS Ga okcre ASE o seiare sveravoune dus 407 Symphysurus Goldfuss, compared with Jllenurus......... 0.0.00 00 eee eee 405 COMOALEG wWAthelRSINGANU acs a-0r-ere = eee ek eisiele sche eicieie cee 43 sylla, see Bathyuritscus (Poliella). Peroni eitC Tererences, SpeClesintabledag.orce® sel h-ig Mela cars cars sss 14-17 Syntrophia Hall and Clarke, significance in Ch’au-mi-tién.............,.. 42 orientalis (= Huenella orientalis), generic references............. W7/ OnUaoNValcotts listedy Chrang=tia aces oe ae icine eeiciee raererreaers 68 (Che O net ai ce tree Na nm Ra ae Ni a eh a PS 68 Stratigraphiciand geooraphic positions sssccees so. .s. eee. 45 op ppearian. NPE Ve gone WiStiel dbelere fo ESC Miner Rec ene Pict CCID 6 Dic oR im rome eI 403 Mecneopora.in Beaver Creek Sections sii5 .£ aldek le. Sieldeicte’s oso NUE 272 Nanlewclassiicatton, genera and Speciese..ca-casce “oases eee ode cee. 44 stratigraphic and geographic position, Chinese Cambrian... .44-50 ie shaneatill Opite; LOumd by LLOTen Zaye ttey-0s 2 ct cvdeteia ciel cles © elelaler viele stelera es II AEE SHECICS: MIStCC a sala) icicle Sete cet ata caw etna Make eel ass Setehale sons 6 talingensis, see Liostracus. 500 INDEX PAGE Tapeats’ sandstone (7), pls: 40-43) andiiicumin aqeeraenen eae eee eOl coo MiddleiGambrianelocalitys 7/4: -ccceemen tien aera eee 184, 374 Tate, Re bibliographic references... .4-. ose eee eee eee eee 74 cited, discussion Olenellus, South Australia (footnote)...... 62 tatian, see Anomocare and Anomocarella. Ta-yang (Nan-k’ou) limestone, late Proterozoic, described by Willis.... 38 Teinistion Monke (= Dorypygella), generic references...............- I5 - exceptional! tor Chimaca.ciacc ocd eee ele ate eee 590 relation. ton KeusShan Siete ein. = 388 isinania Walcott, new genus described... . 22.54.02. oe --). nen oeess Aa 227 ASSOGIAtIONe wath I) TicelOGe PILES. are cttaie ey i eteleneninie cise ner-pelattors 69 characterizes North American Upper Cambrian............. 42 @hrau-mi-tiet, LinteStOme ys sec oc ao cient ciel ties eee sian oro sels 42 compared with Jllenurus and Symphysurus...........+++++- 43 genotype, Illenurus canens Walcott..............--++-08- 43, 227 identiicatonsotllpper: Camb irlanece ener iiericle ire cheers or 42 listed, Straticraphicy position. ...e. 5 sccike. we aincs pistetectovn aes eels aeis 690 GPSE Ve EUOIES pes atest rene ict: aeeslmaoera erste elie 2 oye ssa en oi bas asst Mapas 43 562 INDEX T sinania—Continued. PAGE represented, Upper Cambrian, China and America.......... 68 by four. species;, Ch’au-mi-tién..4... .-2 o- aces ence 68 significance, in Ch’au-mi-tién limestone..........:......--.- 42 SPEClesmMamed! vaerscts see ees Sete see sees ee ener ae 43 stratigraphic range and geographic distribution............. 43 SUTOMAAITY cognac a.csnis's iw «ae iaare Ane e imio te ee eae oO ie ee 227 iransitionbrom, SOU. a7. ee aoe eer nee eee eee 400 Upper Cambrian -tauna characterized. 23.4445 52.8 eee 42 comens (Walcott). species named 4. 4.5---ee eee eo ec eee eee 43 alliedito wisiianta Clow ala see saeco eae nee eee 228 compared swith) Msemania cleora.. 7.4.12 a eee oe eee (=TJ/llenurus canens), generic references. .................. 15 lasted Ch’ angahitay rcecis che saepeitets cisce ike choles oc CeO ee 68 Stratieraphic and: geographic position]. °........105.5 14 ee 50 CLANSILIOM MULOMl A LOMMiiare eerie ce cot lee eee 400 Genes a OWialcolte) paspecies| Named eee sme: cee eee eee 43 (—Nlenurus, cores), Senente references... - see eee eee 15 listed Ghvaneehiial oct cmcessoe ted col eee diet eee 68 stratigraplie and geographic position... 25. ...2.06-42:2e1ee5 43, 50 LLANSIMOMMInOLM OU Mee ae eee ee oe ioe ono eee 400 cleorasNVialcott sOeSCribed sarees cece sc cee: Cet een oe eee 227 heunedsplesOs M610; OG=6ren an cecrece ee ese ee Roce ee 254 associated with Agraulos and Solenopleura-like-forms...... 227 With DrachiOpOdS. os scniseasssees. eee eee ee eee 227 compared with Tsinania canens and Illenurus quadratus.... 227 formationvandslocality sc soe eee One a oe ec eee 227 SYMONYMIY 2 wap scl oes aye obs v2 gS tele Sane Breanne g, Sis hee Crean te ee 227 dictys (Walcott), species tamed. —2./5.0.25. 6. ta-s5ee toa eee 43 (= Menurus dictys), generic references. .2-- ¢-es eee 15 listed: “Chiane-hiat 25 12.5 Se octes eene sae oe ee ee ie 68 stratigraphic and geographic position... : 4.2....-5¢-2 -eoesene 43, 50 fransiiom LTOm (BLOUNIVG,.cmaccaeacee soso cot ae ee ee 400 elongaia, new species: idescmbed s.42-05 02522 o-oo eee 228 heured,pl. 36,,h@S-. NO; WOM. Sats ieche oe aes se ce ne cee ae 228 alliedi tos Gsinania €anens-s.. = cee eee ace ore eee eee 228 associated with Dikelocephalus dalyi Walcott............... 228 formation and, locality s.7esa-e enc oom sone eee eee ee 228 sp: undt. listed, (Ch’angahias: .:.j00 Bip atta acer home. aoe ‘iets AB sp. (Walcott) (=ZTJllenurus sp.), generic references.............. 15 tuberosa, see Weedia. tubiformis, see Copperia. tumidus, see Crepicephalus. tutus, see Acrocephalites. typa, see Marjumua. Wirich iE." © thiblicgraphicsnererences.-eeece oo eee eee eee 74 unca, see Crepicephalus. INDEX 563 PAGE inconiormity, at base of Mlathead: quartzite ...j..-)<6 2c jeer anes ceses 276 hetvecnnCambrian: andupne-Cambitatiees ce aia cecsesce ss s_e ..~ 202 Bow River VaHey, Walcott discussion of.......... . 284 extent of. betweenubeltand Cambiianine: os aceeerosh eee. soc. a-s- 200 marked Cambrian iawestents Americas. co asicece a sem oes «00 83 undosa, see Collenia. unispinus, see Asaphiscus. United States Geological Survey Bulletin 527, received in Munich (foot- TQMOL LED y on RES Sey MNCS 2 arn A nS OR eee are 277 ROiicanseniesn (Ui) APIS. ATA 3). irsciote tsisioue Sayclctens cine ie cieieio a arois ae einige «eros 2OA=B00 unzia, see Crepicephalus. upis, see Crepicephalus. Ware se athiniian, Jocalittese4m, S580 as cscscctan 54 ores neels Meds ce sa tends 216 TAG 67 ats Ds a5 8 Comet eee o ecikcteeiereie ae sede © sis neiche:: 213 WAVE UIPAND oon hap ane reid se OWA Sa ele eer eRe tet. dice S207 B00 ERE OU 7 35 Serre Ser ae srsaree “ee SEER aI ARE Aan da 178 MAY se pit. Syarey «cgi arsin F mace os yelonante, 445.6 4)8 Wik’ S, astemo ER event vans aloe 185 Ose O Men TeN i ool OD as rerererarere ects ako cio e ose NO Saxe OE es 218 Gas 7 O45 7 OC «SO pol FOAs soyreusralt sets wera aol as se avers 214 EXT EROS hae (5) [eaten Canepa Sacha AGI eect HURON CaS 3 EN er Pa 207 301; 30y. Orr formation, Wtahie...%. obs ane 26 uae soot 274 3on, Weeks formation, Utah.....166, 172, 180, 194, 207, 386, 380 30 0, Weeks formation, Utah. .166, 172, 180, 194. 195, 207, 380, 391 SOWIE Ae SO ens in ne aS citns CT nes a ni eee Fees 7 OB GMD Soya ve octets 5 a aiss ous Seal hee lao1 Shadic ictal S Wisberafregars ils om hlee nie 197 FT LOO SEM OA oT Web pes OA oso) oc nicpstoncin = sie sie) averosslser cieveres ss ee) eon 194 AS. 7 SDs Or LawLence LOnmation.) VWiSCONSIMs 5.445.252.5615 402 78, 85, ot. Lawrence formation, Wisconsin...............- 406 etal eS Oe clare Gi GPC OD Pitan Re ee 163, 167, 192, 198, 209 FA eee s oP Mera a a aee cto aI B. Sialaias wie efoje Ssalerelei wekereh mel oe 167, 199, 217 FOC NO OA EO Geers enerepe i Tard Sth is) Siar cokes aati e aeud rare Reece 165 7) CMTE RE OP oT ET Ose e: 217 TIERS > HAO DID. ODORS A irn.o oe .4 Baan nd tb elon ee aici Oma 167, 193, 2 SOS 2 7O 2a. S2A OSX: LOOB) TAA co nc ciciers coreitiate steele ele 192 S38 866-1697 Gas NSC, 23984. ooo Retee ate eee a ae ne 199 ae aah Sete fk Mantes la oe Tt yh 2 1 A See en eee oe 163, 2 PA er cys Vener aich en cvera siete are arare cites te renseere a aerntn store 163, 192, 209 See ee Ak Arent se So 8 ak 163, 165, 167, 192, 193, 209, 218 CVIET Ae), Grcaenroiio Cnty Soe rece oe OCLs he AGS tec ocno OO 167 DOM cise ai os Bab Le SEA Bats be O55 Hees Os cee 17 Os e171 263 TSA ners ee eI aA AS SASD ORR 170, D7 203) 205 O2XO2KX, OOC.MOGAL EZAG MEAG. asia cha rete teteinicheve tera) ate hore 170 COSTER Oe nile te SE ie he NOM er eRe © A MM SB da Bs LOS 1O2 2 QS yas sce ereras isso eve casey otehe iecape isrskenere cule cto ove RCbate MSrcisiGiNiars wankers ere 198 OSX ie NOON citer cicce hie ncinssy ns sie 4 ot neta)» asian Te ethevev aioe a i Saat 2 DOE 2A TS OA an eee eco nip ep as IRE OU cote Sele acta 190 ROO ck oc eas a ete AN ae he alot carhedndo me's 163, 167, 209 Kozay Wangyvilles limestonessWienmessee. sci -ysceiats 2-1 399 564 INDEX Upper Cambrian—Continued. PAGE localitiess103* Toga) 107a, LO7D ae eee eee eee ee eee eer 171 107, Conasauga formation, Tennessee. .205, 215, 216, 218, 392, 308 LO7C. Wennessee "2... 2a csn sete eee See eae BE eee 300, 401 107e, Kittatinny ? limestone, Pennsylvania..............392, 303 107g, Kittatinny ? limestone, Pennsylvania..............391, 302 TOFU wik20a,| Lennessees ieee v 220 compared with Albertella and Karlia stephenensis Walcott.. 221 EEE TE VUETES EE SW aot x ee igs ee eee hes elapse arene 333 genotype, Vanuxemella contracta, new species.........-.-.- 220 REORLAPMIC 5.-..:5....... 9 Chinese Cambrian) (iootnote)insae se eae nee eee 9 Mesonacide, represented Holmia and Callavia........ 60 Ovolella, ssenus and species:a.4-- seater ee eee eee 61 Rogonip, lower, Nevada) Condilleranhes-ae cee ace 42 pre-CamDriam uss. at os cccrekemeleuckels 0 cite ae ae se her eee 39 Stephen formation, British Columbia................ 66 conclusions as to Rothpletz reconnaissance..-.+..-.---s64-¢- 200 Giasramimatic SECON) Of 1eOO. mee ce eee eee oe eer a e202 PTET A COm Aas see axe ay a dances eyet ancl Hons ate slate ee cen ee eee 3 ReEpOLiee Gambian tatinaswons Chita. eee eee 5 walcottana, see Wanneria. walcottanus, see Olenellus (Holmia) and Wanneria. walcotti, see Redlichia. Walther, J., cited on Lithothamnion bank. ...........0...0000c0..ee00e0. OI Wonkaciteds (ChOOtMOLE Nh ecasc0 aecpe ess cee one AO eee 890 Wane-tschuane Shan-tune.) rauna listed: acoecmacae sei ene eee II SAVVter biSciitn compared qwith COlleiigeas s.aeuccie ee eee ae eee 100 GISCUSSE Cs sh lag wu cterasn, ov ayajasthnorassye bods aris ra nae ae nac e 86 habitat ats5 «sews tasiie os se eninn Ae cies Oe Oe eee 101 illustrated: placard Soa oc. tc kdereials Golan 1 ee 118 Wranwerta Walcott, @enus named <2 -.... 2.25. 2.0.8. sae eee se eee 219 compared! with Redenia. 2 eer melee ee ce eee 61 SYMON se. inc 8) wheats. « oF Sse chee meee ee eee eee 219 walcoitana (Wanner), described... ...5.< s:.,c00 nr eae eee ae 219 heuneds pli. 38. Mess. Boas ic case. ees aca ee eee 258 compared with Olenellus reticulatus Peach................. 220 FOLMaAmtonandmloOcalityeaaseoceeeecereenee sat arenstcaethessp teeters 220 Sasokoon 20h eo Mo mcor OOo aU ODO OOOO EO oO MoS coco oeouOe dane hc 219 walcottanus Walcott, synonymic reference... 4-62 eee 219 Wasatch Canyon, Utah, Middle Cambrian locality 55e...............335, 341 Wasatch Mountains, Utah, Middle Cambrian locality go0a............... 336 Wasatch Range, Utah, Middle Cambrian localities g1c, 54 0............ 187 Washington County, Virginia, Upper Cambrian locality r19a............ 215 Waucobian, characteristic of Lower Cambrian in Nevada................ 280 Waukesha ‘County, North Lake; Wisconsimy 3.082 -se 4. seen ee eee 150 Weed, Walter: Harvey,. report ‘bys sc22 cei ee eee eee 205 ; Cambrian formations, Little Belt section named by......... 273 as, interpreted by \Rothpletz2: os0-tnaee aoe een eee 281 generic Name eiven OTs a-2> sae eee eee 108 mterpretation of Summit dolomite ee eee eee ee 279 Scale vmap- Dys .i2/c.4,5,t12 scan ae nets a eee ee eC ee 261 and Rothpletz; Cambrian sections of, camparedicst.u.-+. se. eee 281 INDEX 507 PAGE Waeeat@anews Genus described ccs a. erieeimos ae ke een o oielrseihe Gh aies 107 deposited hbymal ocoeMe nse enite sm etiahatcare toes oe ea Manele IOI resemblance to Blue-green alge (Cyanophycee)............ 107 tuberosas newnspeciess described@ ananassae ec tees J acess 108 IMeq DN GCeLG Fs AO te Ld nO cape 3 NOIR eee Od Oe NES tite eRe MO SUR eee 132 Glassittedsasmsemnis plice tal Calley peae peeve eras elaine 104 compared «wath! recentyS: Lake, Balls 7.22 2c.coFhe oS tiadirnes 108 HPN wlan Gm linneStonessetar cciejcece nck verdsoerensiiaictemin eke cis Gena 99 Weeks Canyon, House Range, Utah, Upper Cambrian localities 14v, 30h AGT ae 10 | ag dey ARE OSes i EGE ar 207 Upper Cambrian localities gon, 300..........166, 172, 194, 207 Weeks formation, change in stratigraphic position...................... 161 moteracaal doy Winer (Celmalineinyoomgnodsaconsomdpoenoo dene daaee 161 GCROOLMOLE) LI tices ge can Caee ee eterna aie SIR OIE Ars SicIs SS 354 Wippene Cambrian t locality m4vesasa-ee neces ce eae a aa 207 UWtahy Jocalitysgons-.-.-...166; 172) 189), 1094) 207% 386, 380 locality 30 0... .166, 172, 180, 194, 195, 207, 380, 301 Micidman Samuels acknowledgments: -ss4cne nse: oa. se aces ecco. - IQI specimen. collected ibyracccn cosets fu Seek eae oe Sess 250 Wellige, “Sinai oiliteya ine ape nninin rio oitoon ore Ee EOI co Uno om br cinions cidckcia orc ocine 95 Westonia, see Obolella. Wheeler formation, Utah, Middle Cambrian localities 3s, 3t, 8g, 4, 155. 390 wheeleri, see Asaphiscus. Miherry, Edgar T., analysis of Camasia spongiosa... 0.20.0 cece ce ene e ns 102 White, cited, description of Asaphiscus wheelert. . ae is Sameeh e300 White Sulphur Springs, Algonkian locality ee near, eee aeoe 114 Algonkian locality 400c west of Montana. .105-107, 109, I10, 116 Whitehall, Washington County, New York, Upper Cambrian locality 110a 194 Muniineld, diasnosis of Creptcephalusins oi09- 02. 0c0 sods. ooh seacetedeseues 202 Maciand, Dr. G. R., cited on recent contribution... ....05....5.....--0.08 117 emis Batley, ackthowleGements........c06e eine eee 268 Beaver Creek : secti@itis iz Hc. ceteisc cio siayeseevete: Hen eee okra eee 270 Big “Showy Section. tack oaks oh oareac ee eee ee 276 fauna: Std: isc sidsier cet then oe Es er eee Oe 292 identiiied in’ Bigs Snowy, Mountainsensaereo eerie eee eee 275 limestone in, Meagher County, Montana, Middle Cambrian locality -) a IE nian tit oe ASA CO OoOOnS Cor 185, 384 Little: Belt “section... s0.sd<7. 0-3 caus Mtoe oe ae eee 273 INDEX 569 Wolsey shale—Continued. PAGE MiddlesCambrtantlocalityace em eers a eecee ete: icici dete eins ses 424 Peele eee tne apey set stat) ayers Seoul fe Vee hada Rienays Sintstev's be Sse, by ai 180 Cie abr ols Ciccg oe eres tas heey Siu cen aC Oh Een Neer On ae 384 1 AaB re eet Cao yee ee coerce Ne ay a oe 385 (OP bs ah 5 ee ERG hE cL ela ek ES CS OPE Pit RIOT aes ore eer ea 362 Ce Tiel Bs cer O OR OO So OBEN eS Mae Suet) Ga Ait ae be een eee 384 RCS Been erie Ao oe GN a eee ca thoes BST IN Statins atey Sveitaan et sje 186 woodi, see Aluta and Bradoria. Woodward: Henry, bibliographic reference..!.2.5..00.-00. 06. ncedse os 75 cited, historical review, Chinese Cambrian.................. 9 NO pit, Ory Pye PACRthOPENt. ocr. we aids oe overeat ne om cjo canes seaeele cen Gh) SPECIES IISte Cy a pirte easier crue eeepc cenutee Acie reuse mains Scant 6 Peele sy Stem, NOt-OL MATING OLIN... oc cs25 ccmw vies Hen awes ee de sews eas ars Wviir-tai-hien, Shen-si, localities C75 and C77.........5. 2.000 e cede owe 31 Myyoming, Crepicephalus. 1M... 2... sc ceees even eee EO AO alee a tee er oe 203 WopenaGambrian locality” m5mbe asses ise oases oe cee Secs ae 213 IKON FEN ABE) (Coe Boatreeete Orcacrn 6 Oe ae CCC ica e: Glan tcc DRSEIO nen eC arn 199 BAO Ce eo te er ee eee PEN AS hos tte Mee oh 179 Yellowstone National Park, Wyoming, Upper Cambrian locality 151b... 213 Upper Cambrian locality 151e....... A SUAS Aen ea eee 199 Yen-chuang, Sin-t’ai-hién, Shan-tung, section, Kiu-lung-shan Cambrian GI SSAC RONG) ere re aren seashore ei nok 55, 50 Cambrian localities Cr=14, C40, C60=64...............4.. 17-29 PMeneSeipluivermutaliita.Of wvalley sc. 4 so otic crccre Sc tye terese icvshchle wi oie ieite Sto.derels 63 UPAMISEHMETSHONnl USiloysasyel EIRERS +o occa sou cn aoe ac Gn emandedoacwac 5 Yen-tsy-yai, Shan-tung, fossils discussed, Woodward................... ) Ma comlimestOne: «Geschbed nx. scihcm ts Acie wit e net ps ow ominae cls ei aloeaetien «Sr 2 leittlemBbeliSectiOnicw Nant rte ee Occ en Ore ae 273 not recognized in Beaver Creek section..................... 271 York, Pennsylvania, Middle Cambrian localities 48, 48d................ 350 York County, Pennsylvania, Lower Cambrian locality 48b.............. 316 Lower Cambrian localities 49, 408, 49W...2.-.5525.005.0.% 315 York formation, Pennsylvania, Lower Cambrian locality 48b............ 316 Middle=?"Gambrian localities 48, 48d... 3.52.05. .6c.08ho. 0s 350 Workin 2 orientalis Walcott, listed, Kiu-lung..............4..... 5000006 65 Sthaberaphicwand eosraplhie posittones ee sarees) - eae se. 6 45 RUUIUIUC ite EN Noll COLtEE ISO Cineuoiere eis ena oe teeter erie Earns oe eee 322 EE UOSHIN ALONE StS: NVALCOLtIStedn a. cer ee cic eine ale ne eels ere 316 Name—nine sandstone, Mower Cambrian age. -..:-.5.2.--4+-..+-.+.-.+--¢ 61 SEMA eEATIM a MMOTMZONS) CISCUBSEG: 1-46 2-0 cse eee oneies oss sees cee oo 60 loealhing IMlnOseG, Ukarlialiomaehbingls oy saan Sod unebOeooo ne noose aoceeae 61 yunnanensis, see Lingula and Ptychoparia. Zacanthoides Walcott, associated with Corynexochus brennus........... 314 Compated With Bathyurtscus. aos.c.0. 0 - she sok wie «awit dele sie.s o> 298 eistinctive, uNorthr Americas. <0. 2sse0csd2<% neue dhecdden. lace 70 EIS) Pepe STS RN RS a ay nS OR oa ea 322, 330 570 INDEX Zacanthoides—Continued. PAGE gatont Walcott; listed). i)... cide Sereniv eas we a ae eee ae 317 spinosus Walcott, associated with Ogygopsts klotzsi................ 378 compared with Bathyuriscus haydemt. 0.2: ovis 2... 1050+ eee listed ps cd veiw. ge ehee Rete emer meee ee ee 359 PSHE, 2 axa .are is» Site Stace ovr etal, etree DISC so Ire ee 322 inpicalis: Walcott, dlisted. 2.04.2 .c6 weseeeneee eee eee 409 sp. undt., associated with Bathyuriscus belus............. 00000 c00- 340 Zonotrichias lime SecretionS.....+9 oes eee eee Coe ee eee 86, 88 Zonatrichites, algal form described by Bornemann.................. 7 Ge a 4 id : ¥ : 4 ¥ f, v 4 #6, . % = . , ri ° sae , “ > t 77 * : hi G5 ‘ae "aa » SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS VOLUME 64, NUMBER 1 CAMBRIAN GEOLOGY AND PALEONTOLOGY IT] No. 1.— THE CAMBRIAN FAUNAS OF EASTERN ASIA (Witx Ptates 1 To 3) BY — CHARLES D. WALCOTT (PuBLIcATION 2263) CITY OF WASHINGTON PUBLISHED BY THE SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION APRIL 22, 1914 The Lord Gaftimore Press 7 BALTIMORE, MD., U. S. A. CAMBRIAN GEOLOGY AND PALEONTOLOGY III No. 1—THE CAMBRIAN FAUNAS OF EASTERN ASIA By CHARLES D. WALCOTT (WitH PLATES I TO 3) CONTENTS PAGE Aa ROCT OHIO Ti merreeie (Rey te ae ee is AY eT, 2 ce ONES Mees Rat ok ee enV 2p 2 Rar AEC EV MOUS CISVCTOMS fay cise: cars este saci ene es ca ef Te ahes Sosa eases Seal oes 3 eu Gambriantstaunasvote @hinans soe 24-0 ees oa ee ee co necees 5 IBIGironeeail SeenaUey A 4 Am Ait eis PRO AS cba Bible oiker eo Cala Saitiote a Gite Foe Ace ene 5 Synonymic references (genera and species in which changes have been made since publication of original description and reference) 14 Localities (with lists of genera and species at each)................ 17 Ghinesewlocalitiesaan ee oh cere eee ee oe te ee rane 17 iManchurranvlocalities teres. -6 sconce eee ie ee Daren 31 List of all species from Liau-tung, Manchuria, with locality numbers.. 35 AGE OLOGICAIE COM GILTONS Hs erm ofatc oPovic fev xa clase oh oh oot EE Sena ton 36 pre-Cambrian continental conditions. «0... ..< + <:cc4.0 0008s y~ bale mene ore 36 incentormity at base of (Camibrian .... is. ..s4 onesie dee aces encns 38 Mee Cea loge hOrmariONs: 22 jystron atte. e anda Ae haa oe Reve Set oe oes ee 39 Bowerman vian=-torshalessaen ss ct omer cokin ce. Seliatele. 30 Birddle,Sintam. Bogle STOUD y aise oa cti.o 4 soud eae stevens Wiss aad e ae 40 elation of the Cambrranito the Ordovician... os... 6 sao eiecn asc 4I Cre NOW. PENIS! COSCEIDECiel<. ot and! a.cre Secs «ladles sr eospsioe ays 30 die nie ero @ ele) anes 43 FEBS Ag Gre ean Die Ba ae ee gs A 8 oy AE Te a a ee Pe 43 Stratigraphic and geographic distribution of species................ 43 Summary ior eenhera and Species)... fic sacc > eau ce ees eee acrelete a 44 General stratigraphic and geographic position of the Cambrian faunas of China (with list of species indicating page and plate MELETENCES \ieeks ee wee Reh ich Re EE ene, Son ne epee mE 44 Relations of the fauna to typical stratigraphic section .............. 50 BCEHONSHIN SS Hanl-CMNSCs Mantas wine HON ok aes alee eee ora cae rare 51-56 ECHO TiS Vane NtGta fi ainsi H.8 aie oles Sere ee Mee Oe 56 Discussion iof the Cambrian: fauna of China. :... 2. ¢)s...c50ee.. ees 56 Milxemlancen batitial n@rizOnsy roe cits oo eis ee eee Slane cimhae seals eee onve cee 60 Stratigraphic range of Upper Cambrian genera in China (table). 69 Bausakprovinces of the Cambrian inv Asia. .....ccsccccesacssceeeses 69 Serta pa OLIN ers ae ch store Layne hice evans es SVE See ee a ele 73 SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS, VOL. 64, No. 1 2 SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS VOL. 64 ILLUSTRATIONS PLATES PAGE 1. View of side canyon of the O-shui-ho near Yen-t’Ou, Shan-si.......... 36 2. View of the Yang-tzi canyon at Nan-t’ou, Hu-pei. rg Seta bl 3. View in the canyon of the T’ai-shan-ho Seerneee Ai Shi- -pan- en SICEWEC bee Ly or en eRe eer me ee oon Ahir a bio’ 2,000 56 TEXT FIGURES I. Section of the Sinian system in the Ch’ang-hia district, Shan-tung... pe is 2. Section of the Sinian system in the Sin-t’ai district, Shan-tung......... 52 3. Partial section of the Sinian system south of Tung-yti, Shan-si........ 53 4. (Blackwelder ).—Ch’ang-hia, Shan-tung. Section of Cambrian strata in themontuesidesot. Man-=toubuttescas «ace cee ann ene eee 54 5 and 6. (Blackwelder).—Yen-chuang, Shan-tung. Section of Cambrian strata in the western part of the Kiu-lung-shan.................... 54-55 7. (Blackwelder ).—Ch’au-mi-tién, Shan-tung. Section of Upper Cam- brian and Lower Ordovician strata in the ridge east of the village.... 55 8. (Blackwelder).—Yen-chuang, Shan-tung. Section of Kiu-lung forma- bron ane Kalu e—Shaniys scn.cecieloe bse op asiose sews) piscine, sae ae eee 55 9. Correlation table of the fossiliferous sections measured by Professors Willis and Blackwelder, showing stratigraphic positions of the locali- 1SUER = ats Nee Paci CRRA aae AA, Sete ete RM et eg eh og Gor 57 INTRODUCTION A memoir on “ The Cambrian Faunas of China” was published by the Carnegie Institution of Washington in 1913 as a quarto vol- ume illustrated by 9 text figures and 24 plates containing 946 figures of fossils. The volume was issued in an edition of 750 copies, of which 308 were sent to libraries, 29 to individuals, and the remain- der held for sale at $5.00 per volume. I find there is a desire on the part of teachers and students of geology and Cambrian paleontology that the general results of the study of the Cambrian faunas of eastern Asia be put in such form as to make them readily accessible for consultation without recourse to the memoir. With this in view, and in order to place the data contained in the introduction in the hands of many of the younger geologists and students who do not have access to the memoir, per- mission was obtained from the Carnegie Institution to republish the Introduction. Slight additions have been made to it with reference to the work on Cambrian geology and paleontology by M. J. Deprat and M. H. Mansuy* in Indo-China, and on the boundary line be- tween the Cambrian and post-Cambrian formations. 9 *Mém. du Service géol. de l’Indo-Chine, Vol. I, 1912, Etude géologique du Yun-Nan oriental, Pt. 1, Géologie géneral; Pt. 2, Paléontologie. NOE CAMBRIAN FAUNAS OF EASTERN ASIA 3 In a preliminary paper, published in 1911, illustrations were given of a number of new genera and species of the Cambrian fauna of China.” All of the types of the genera and species described in the memoir have been recorded in the Catalogue of the United States National Museum and are deposited in the collections of the Museum.’ PREFATORY OBSERVATIONS When looking over the descriptions of the stratigraphic sections of the Paleozoic formations of China by Baron Ferdinand von Richt- hofen, and their contained Cambrian fossils described by Dr. W. Dames, from Liau-tung, and Dr. Emanuel Kayser,’ I was impressed with the necessity of having the stratigraphic sections studied in detail, and extensive collections of fossils made, in order that com- parisons of value might be instituted between the Cambrian sections and faunas of the western portion of North America and the Paleo- zoic sections and their contained faunas in eastern Asia. This project was held in abeyance for eighteen years, and had it not been for the support of the Carnegie Institution of Washington it might not have been consummated. Dr. Bailey Willis has given, in the preface of volume 1, part 1, of “ Research in China,” 1907, a brief statement of the events that led to the sending of an expedition in his charge and the securing of data and collections by him and his associate geologist, Mr. Eliot Blackwelder. On the return of Messrs. Willis and Blackwelder, I made a pre- liminary study of the Cambrian fossils and submitted to them the results of the study bearing on the interpretation of the various 1Cambrian Faunas of China, Smithsonian Misc. Coll., Cambrian Geology and Paleontology, Vol. 57, 1911, No. 4. ? Other papers that I have published on the Cambrian faunas of eastern Asia are as follows: The Cambrian fauna of India, Proc. Washington Acad. Sci., Vol. 7, 1905, pp. 251-256. Cambrian faunas of China, Proc. U. S. National Museum, Vol. 29, 1905, pp. 1-106. Idem, Vol. 30, 1906, pp. 563-595. * China, by Baron von Richthofen, 1882, Vol. 2, Das Nordliche China. *China, by Baron von Richthofen, 1883, Vol. 4, Palzontologischer Theil, Cambrische Trilobiten, pp. 1-33. *Idem, pp. 34-36. 4 SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS VOL. 64 geological sections in which the fossils occurred. These were in- cluded in their description and discussion of the stratigraphy of Shan-tung, Shan-si, and Shen-si. Mr. Blackwelder also made a rapid reconnaissance of the southwestern portion of the province of Liau-tung, Manchuria, and identified certain Cambrian formations, but did not find any fossils. From the collections made by Baron von Richthofen, it was evi- dent that a considerable Cambrian fauna existed in the western part of Liau-tung, so I delayed final publication of the description and discussion of the Cambrian collections made by Messrs. Willis and Blackwelder, in the hope that material could be secured from that region. Learning in the spring of 1909 that Prof. Joseph P. Iddings, of the University of Chicago, was about to visit Japan and China in connection with his study of eruptive rocks, I induced him to visit Manchuria and make a collection of Cambrian fossils for the Smith- sonian Institution from the Island of Tschang-hsing-tau, east of Niang-niang-kung, in the province of Liau-tung. He was so fortu- nate as to secure the services of Li San, Dr. Bailey Willis’s inter- preter, who was also a good collector, and they obtained a large number of specimens, representing over fifty species of invertebrate fossils. Wishing to have better illustrations of the species described by Messrs. Dames and Kayser for Baron von Richthofen, I wrote to Prof. W. Branco, Director of the Royal Geological and Paleonto- logical Institute and Museum at Berlin, who very kindly had photo- graphs made for me of all the specimens illustrated by Doctor Dames that could be identified in the collections. Through the courtesy of Dr. Wilhelm Deecke, of the Geological Institute of the University of Freiburg, I have had the opportunity of studying most of the specimens from China used for illustration by Dr. Th. Lorenz.” This enabled me to make identifications that otherwise would have been very difficult, owing to the fragmentary character of the specimens illustrating the trilobites. The chief results obtained from the study of the Chinese collec- tions are the discovery of portions of the upper part of the Lower Cambrian fauna and a great development of a Middle Cambrian fauna of the same general character as that of the Cordilleran Prov- * Zeitschr. deutsch. geol. Gesellsch., Vol. 58, 1906, pp. 53-108, pls. 4-6, and 55 text figs.: Beitrage zur Geologie und Paleontologie von Ostasien unter besonderer Beriicksichtigung der Provinz Schantung in China; II: Palzon- tologischer Teil. NO. I CAMBRIAN FAUNAS OF EASTERN ASIA 5 ince of western North America; also an Upper Cambrian fauna comparable with that of the Cordilleran Province and the Upper Mississippi Province of the United States. The fauna of the upper zone of the Lower Cambrian was found to be of the same general type as that of the Cambrian fauna of the Salt Range of India, and we were thus enabled definitely to locate the faunal horizons in India which have heretofore been referred to Upper Cambrian and post- Cambrian formations. Another important discovery was that of the occurrence in the Middle Cambrian of China of a fauna comparable with that of the Middle Cambrian of Mount Stephen, British Columbia, and the southern extension of the same fauna in the Middle Cambrian of Idaho, Utah, and Nevada in the United States. The determination of the age of the Man-t’o shales affords the data by which to fix the period of Cambrian time in which the Cam- brian sea transgressed over eastern and southeastern Asia, and shows that it was somewhat later than the transgression in the Siberian area now occupied by the basins of the Lena and Yenesei rivers. A noteworthy addition to the knowledge of the Cambrian faunas was the discovery for the first time of a true cephalopod in a fauna referred to the Upper Cambrian. This is illustrated by a species of Cyrtoceras, which occurs in the lower part of the Ch’au-mi-tién limestone. Other details will be found in the discussion of the sub- faunas and their stratigraphic and geographic distribution. From the study of the collections described in this memoir I antici- pate that a large and varied fauna will soon be found in the Cam- brian formations of China. What we now have is the result of hurried and superficial collecting. Persistent search by trained col- lectors will undoubtedly give material comparable in extent and beauty with that of America and Europe, and add many unique genera and species to the great Cambrian fauna. THE CAMBRIAN FAUNAS OF CHINA HISTORICAL REVIEW The presence of Cambrian fossils in China was first announced by Baron von Richthofen in 1883." The material gathered by him was studied by Dr. E. Kayser, to whom the brachiopods were in- trusted, and by Dr. W. Dames, who described the trilobites. 1 China, Vol. 4, Palzontologischer Theil, I. Abhand., pp. 31-33, pls. 1, 2: Cam- brische Trilobiten von Liau-tung. 6 SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS VOL. 64 Doctor Kayser described and named the following brachiopods: Orthis linnarssoni=Eoorthis linnarsson; Lingulella sp.; L. sp. Of these, we have identified Eoorthis linnarssoni from the collections of the Carnegie Institution of Washington Expedition to China. Doctor Dames described and named the following trilobites : Agnostus chinensis Dorypyge richthofeni Conocephalites frequens Conocephalites quadriceps Conocephalites subquadratus Conocephalites typus Anomocare latelimbatum Anomocare majus Anomocare minus Anomocare nanum Anomocare planum Anomocare subcostatum Liostracus megalurus Liostracus talingensis ? Liostracus ? Liostracus Two pygidia, gen. and sp. undt. The material described by Doctor Dames came from three locali- ties in Liau-tung, as follows: Sai-ma-ki (in situ) : Lingulella Agnostus chinensis Conocephalites frequens Conocephalites quadriceps Ta-ling (loose rock in wall) : Dorypyge richthofeni Conocephalites frequens Conocephalites subquadratus Conocephalites typus Wu-lo-pu (débris slope): Dorypyge richthofeni Anomocare planum Anomocare latelimbatum Anomocare majus Anomocare nanum Anomocare subcostatum Anomocare minus Anomocare nanum Liostracus talingensis Liostracus sp. ? Liostracus megalurus Of the above we have identified in our collections: Agnostus chinensis Dorypyge richthofeni Conocephalites subquadratus = Anomocare Conocephalites typus = Ptychoparia Anomocare latelimbatum Anomocare minus Liostracus megalurus = Anomocare Doctor Dames compared the Cambrian trilobites with those of Europe, America, and India, and concluded that the trilobitic fauna of Sai-ma-ki and Ta-ling was about the age of the Scandinavian Andrarum limestone and the Potsdam group of North America. He did not find any Chinese species that could be identified with *China, Vol. 4, Palzontologischer Theil, pp. 34-35; Cambrische Brachio- poden von Liau-tung. ? Idem, pp. 7-29; Cambrische Trilobiten von Liau-tung. NOW CAMBRIAN FAUNAS OF EASTERN ASIA Hi those of Scandinavia and America, but the general appearance of the fauna as a whole was so similar that he considered their equal age proven. He further states that the age of the rocks containing Dorypyge richthofeni, from Wu-lo-pu, is probably the same as that of the Quebec group, basing this upon comparisons with species from Utah, which he referred to the genus Dorypyge.’ The collections made by the Carnegie Institution of Washington Expedition prove that Dorypyge richthofemi occurs in the central and upper portion of the Ch’ang-hia formation and is of Middle Cambrian age. Baron von Richthofen’s means of comparison were with the fauna referred to the Quebec group which was at that time supposed to be of Lower Silurian (Ordovician) age. Dr. C. Gottsche, in 1886, called attention to the presence of Cam- brian rocks and fossils in northwestern Korea, south of Wi-won. He published a geological section and identified Anomocare planum Dames, Anomocare majus Dames, Dorypyge richthofeni Dames, and Lingulella cf. nathorsti Linnarsson. He also mentions the genera Theca, Orthis, Lingulella (two species), Agnostus, Conocephalites, Crepicephalus, and ? Remopleurides, and correlates the formation with that of the “ Andrarum limestone” of Scandinavia.” In 1899 M. Bergeron®* described the following Cambrian fossils from shaly limestones collected in the province of Shan-tung, China: Agnostus douvilléi Arthricocephalus chauveaui Olenoides leblanci Dicellocephalus ? sinensis Drepanura premesnili Calymmene ? sinensis Of the above we have identified the following from the Ku-shan shale of the section made by Mr. Blackwelder : Agnostus douvillét Dicellocephalus ? sinensis = Stephanocare Olenoides leblanci Calymmene ? sinensis = Blackwelderia Drepanura premesnili : From the Cambrian formations of Siberia, Dr. Fr. Schmidt * de- scribed the following fossils: * China, von Richthofen, 1883, Vol. 4, Paleontologischer Theil, 1. Abhand., Pp. 31-33, pls. I, 2: Cambrische Trilobiten von Liau-tung. *Gottsche, C. Sitzungsberichte der k6niglich preussischen: Akademie der Wissenschaften zu Berlin, 1886, zw. halb-bd. (June-Dec.), pp. 865, 867: Geo- logische Skizze von Korea. * Bull. Soc. géol. France, 3d ser., Vol. 17, 1889, Paris, Notes paléontologiques, Pp. 499-516. *Mélanges physiques et chimiques tirés du Bulletin de l’Académie imperiale des Sciences de St. Pétersbourg, Vol. 12, 1886, pp. 407-424: Ueber einige neue ostsibirischen Trilobiten und verwandte Thierformen. 8 SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS Agnostus czekanowsku Proetus (Phaeton) slatkhowsku = Dorypyge Cyphaspis sibtrica = Soleno- pleura VOL. 64 Liostracus ? maydeli= Ano- mocarella Anomocare pawlowskti = Ano- mocarella This fauna was subsequently reviewed by Eduard von Toll,’ who added the following: Confervites primordialis Bornemann Archeocyathus acutus Bornemann Archeocyathus aduncus Bornemann Archeocyathus isizkui von Toll Archeocyathus patulus Bornemann Archeocyathus proskurjakowi von Toll Archeocyathus sibiricus von Toll Coscinocyathus calathus Bornemann Coscinocyathus campanula Bornemann Coscinocyathus corbicula Bornemann Coscinocyathus dianthus Bornemann Coscinocyathus elongatus Bornemann Coscinocyathus irregularis von Toll Coscinocyathus vesica Bornemann Coscinocyathus cf. cancellatus Bor- nemann Spirocyathus sp. undt. Rhabdocyathus sibiricus von Toll Protopharetra sp. undt. Helminthoidichnites sp. Kutorgina cingulata Billings ? Obolella chromatica Billings Hyolithes ? sp. undt. Microdiscus kochi von Toll Microdiscus lenaicus von Toll Microdiscus sp. undt. Agnostus schmidti von Toll ? Olenellus sp. undt. Dorypyge slatkhowsku Schmidt Ptychoparia czekanowsku von Toll =Inouyia von Toll =Ilnouyia ? Solenopleura sibirica Schmidt Bathyuriscus howelli Walcott Ptychoparia meglitzkii In 1903 Dr. H. Monke published a paper on the Geology of Shan- tung and described certain ‘* Upper Cambrian” trilobites, as fol- lows: Agnostus koerfert Liostracina krauset Teinistion lansi Teinistion sodent Drepanura premesnili Drepanura ketteleri Stephanocare richthofeni Stephanocare sp. Of the above, three genera and species described by me in 1905 are synonyms: Ptychoparia ceus Walcott....... Dorypygella typicalis Walcott..... Damesella chione Walcott...... . = Liostracina krausei Monke . = Teiniston lansi Monke .. —Stephanocare richthofeni Monke The following have not been identified in the material collected by Willis and Blackwelder: Drepanura ketteleri Monke Teinistion sodent Monke *Mem. l’Acad. imp. Sci. St. Pétersbourg, 8th ser., Vol. 8, No. 10, 1899, pp. : 21-57: Beitrage zur Kenntniss des sibirischen Cambrium. *Beitrage zur Geologie von Schantung: I. Obercambrische Trilobiten von Yen-tsy-yai. Jahrb. kénigl. preuss. geol. Landesanstalt und Bergakademie zu Berlin, Vol. 23, Pt. I, 1903, pp. 103-151. NO. I CAMBRIAN FAUNAS OF EASTERN ASIA 9 I do not find that A gnostus koerferi Monke differs materially from A gnostus chinensis Dames, except in the unattached pygidium. Teinistion lansi Monke is similar in many respects to Shantungia spimtfera Walcott, but differs in the presence of an incurved frontal margin, and the absence of the long frontal spine. The detailed sections and the succession of the contained faunas prove that the horizon of the fauna is in the upper part of the Middle Cambrian, and not Upper Cambrian, as determined by Monke. In 1904 Dr. Th. Lorenz* described some problematical fossils? as Algze under the new family Ascosomacee of the Siphonee. The genus Ascosoma was proposed to include one species, Ascosoma phaneroporata, and a second species was placed under a new genus as Mitscherlichia chinensis. Doctor Lorenz stated that he would soon publish a full description, with illustrations, of the new family, genera, and species, but on further study he decided that the fauna was neither alge nor sponges.” In 1905 some of the results of the Carnegie Institution of Wash- ington Expedition to China were published by the writer, and a sec- ond paper appeared in 1906. These two papers included descrip- tions and certain introductory notes on the Cambrian fossils col- lected by Messrs. Bailey Willis and Eliot Blackwelder that are in- cluded in this memoir. Subsequently lists of the species appeared in the report on the stratigraphic geology by Messrs. Willis and Blackwelder.’ Dr. Henry Woodward reviewed, in 1905, the work of Dr. H. Monke* and discussed some of the species occurring in a collection of fossils obtained from “ West Shan-tung, and south of Tsing- | tshou-fu, 36° 40’ N. lat., 118° 4o’ E. long.” A slab of the fossils from near Yen-tsy-yai is illustrated. * Centralblatt fiir Min., Geol. und Pal., 1904, No. 7, pp. 193-194: Ascosomacee, eine neue Familie der Siphoneen aus dem Cambrium von Schantung. *Zeitschr. deutsch. geol. Gesellsch., Vol. 58, 1905: Beitrage zur Geologie und Palzontologie von Ostasien unter besonderer Beriicksichtigung der Provinz Schantung in China, I. Teil, pp. 12-13. * Proc. U. S. National Museum, Vol. 29, 1905, pp. 1-106; Idem, Vol. 30, 1906, PP. 563-595. * Research in China, Pt. I, pp. 19-43, 136-147, 272. *On a collection of trilobites from the Upper Cambrian of Shantung, North China. Geological Magazine, London, new ser., Dec. V, Vol. 2, 1905, pp 211-215, 251-255, plate 13. IO SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS VOL. 64 Late in 1906 a short memoir by Dr. Th. Lorenz appeared* in which he described a number of new genera and species of Cambrian fossils collected by him in the province of Shan-tung, and assigned stratigraphic horizons to them. The fauna from Lai-wu was worked out of a single block found loose in the bed of a brook about 9 km. west of Lai-wu. Lorenz concludes that the fauna represents the time of the base of the Swedish Andrarum limestone, within the limits of the zone with Paradoxides davidis and P. forchhammeri. The list of species given by him is as follows: Olenoides (Dorypyge) richthofeni Alokistocare sp. (Dames) Amphoton steinmanni n, g. and sp. Agnostus fallax laiwuensis fi. var. Ptychoparia (Solenopleura) sp. Agnostus parvifrons Linnarsson Hyolithes sp. Anomocare commune n. sp. Raphistoma bréggeri Gronwall Anomocare ovatum n. sp. Acrothele bohemica (Barrande) From the descriptions and illustrations I have identified the above as follows: Olenoides (Dorypyge) richthofeni Geass ay ere eh oe ee ee ees = Dorypyge richthofent Dames Agnostus fallax laiwuensis Lorenz..... = Agnostus chinensis Dames Agnostus parvifrons Linnarsson........ = Agnostus cf. parvifrons Linnarsson Anomocare commune Lorenz.......... = Anomocarella chinensis Walcott Anomocare ovatum Lorenz............ = Anomocare temenus Walcott Alokistocare sp. (not illustrated or de- scribed) Amphoton steinmanni Lorenz.......... = Dolichometopus deois Walcott Raphistoma bréggeri Lorenz........... = Platyceras willisi Walcott Acrothele bohemica Barrande.......... == Acrothele matthewi eryx Walcott The horizon of the Dorypyge richthofeni fauna in Shan-tung was - definitely established by Messrs. Willis and Blackwelder as in the Middle Cambrian below the central part of the Kiu-lung group.’ In Shan-si the fauna occurs in an oolitic limestone that, by its fauna, is related to the Ch’ang-hia oolite- *Beitrage zur Geologie und Paleontologie von Ostasien unter besonderer Berticksichtigung der Provinz Schantung in China, Vol. 58, 1906, II, Palzeon- tologischer Teil. Von Herrn Th. Lorenz in Marburg a. d. Lahn. Hierzu Taf. 4-6 u. 55 text fig. * Idem, p. oT. * Blackwelder, Eliot. Research in China, Pub. No. 54, Carnegie Institution of Washington, Vol. 1, Part 1, 1907, Chap. 2, p. 40: Stratigraphy of Shan- - tung. ‘Idem, p. 145: NO. I CAMBRIAN FAUNAS OF EASTERN ASIA II The fauna from Wang-tschuang occurs at three horizons. It is listed by Doctor Lorenz as follows > A lower layer with (a): Eighty meters higher up, a layer with Anomocare speciosum Lorenz CB): Bathyuriscus astaticus Lorenz Teinistion (?) sp. Agnostus fallax Linnarsson Drepanura (?) sp. Agnostus parvifrons latelimbatus At 80 meters above, an upper layer has Lorenz Ce): Acrothele granulata Linnarsson Shantungia buchruckeri Lorenz Liostracus latus Lorenz I have identified the above-listed fossils as follows: (a) Anomocare speciosum Lorenz......= Anomocarella speciosa (Lorenz) Bathyuriscus asiaticus Lorenz......—= Dolichometopus deois Walcott Agnostus fallax Linnarsson........—= A. chinensis Dames © Agnostus parvifrons latelimbatus [EGR enZaRee ee eee ee oe = A. latelimbatus (Lorenz) _ Acrothele granulata Linnarsson.....= Acrothele matthewi eryx Walcott (b) Teinistion (?) sp..........+.+.+.+-2= Damesella cf. blackwelderi Walcott Drepanura (?) sp.......+++++++++++== Damesella cf. blackwelderi Walcott (c) Shantungia buchruckeri Lorenz....— Chuangia nitida Walcott sastracus latus LorenZs.. sss ./s <0. = TL. latus Lorenz By comparison with the sections of Messrs. Willis and Blackwel- der fauna (a) is located in the lower portion of the Kiu-lung group at about the same horizon as the fauna from Lai-wu; fauna (b) represents the zone of Damesella blackwelderi Walcott, which occurs in the central part of the Kiu-lung group; and fauna (c), or the upper fauna, may be assigned to the upper limestone of the Kiu-lung group, where the Upper Cambrian fauna is well developed. At the locality of Tai-shan south of Tsi-nan Doctor Lorenz found fragments of a trilobite that he named Lioparia blautoeides, which I have identified as Anomocarella baucis Walcott, which occurs near the summit of the Upper Cambrian Ch’au-mi-tién limestone. At the locality of Tsing-tshou-fu he reports the following = Lioparia latelimbata (Dames) Obolella nitida n. sp.* Shantungia crassa n. g. and sp. Orthis sp. A not closely definable brachiopod Acrothele sp. 1 Zeitschr. der deutsch. geol. Gesellsch., Vol. 58, 1906,.Beitrage zur Geologie und Paleontologie von Ostasien unter besonderer Beriicksichtigung der pro- vinz Schantung in China; II: Palzontologischer Teil, p. 93. 2 Willis and Blackwelder, Research in China, Pub. No. 54, Carnegie Institu- tion of Washington, Vol. 1, 1907 (Apr.), Pt. 1, Descriptive topography and geology, pp. 23, 4I. * Lorenz, idem, p. 95. * This is described as Obolella gracilis n. sp., on p. 88 of Lorenz, 1906. 12 SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS VOL. 64 My identification of the fauna is as follows: Lioparia latelimbata (Dames) Lorenz..... = Anomocare latelimbatum Dames Shantungia monket Lorenz..........-.... = Pagodia monkei (Lorenz) Otolellaeraciis Torenz. sc. 8s Senco oe =cf. Obolus obscurus Walcott Orthis sp. and Acrothele sp. I do not find any statement of Doctor Lorenz that the species enumerated by him were found in association. They do not appear to have come from the same stratigraphic horizon. Pagodia mon- kei (Lorenz) is essentially an Upper Cambrian type, while Anomo- care latelimbatum Dames is from the Middle Cambrian. I have not attempted to follow the classification of the trilobites given by Doctor Lorenz which is largely based on the division of the shell structure into non-porous (dense) and porous. The miner- alization of most of the specimens is such that it is often impracti- cable to determine with any degree of satisfaction whether the shell is non-porous (dense) or porous. By the courtesy of Dr. W. Deecke, of the Geological Institute of the University of Freiburg, I received eight pieces of the rock con- taining original specimens studied by Lorenz. These did not include the types of Liostracus latus, Shantungia buchruckert, Obolella gra- cilis, or the specimens referred to Drepanura and Teinistion. I have had three of the specimens photographed (plate 7, fig. 1a; plate 20, fig. 8; plate 22, figs. 2, 2a, 2b)" so that more direct comparison may be made. The original of Shantungia monkei Lorenz is too unsatis- factory to photograph. The student of the Cambrian formations and faunas of China should consult the fine memoir of Dr. Eduard von Toll, 1899, on the Siberian Cambrian.’ It has many suggestions that the future student of the Cambrian system in Asia should carefully consider. One of them is that a great and important work awaits the investigator of the Cambrian formations of Siberia. The field is a large one and what we now know of it indicates a rich reward to the individual who takes the time to thoroughly work out the formations and their contained faunas. Mr. F. R. Cowper Reed, in discussing the pre-Carboniferous life provinces of Asia, points out that the Cambrian fauna of Spiti in *The plate references in this paper are to be found in “The Cambrian Faunas of China,’ C. D. Walcott, 1913. Pub. No. 54, Carnegie Institution of Washington, Vol. 3. *Mém. I’Acad. imp. Sci. St. Pétersbourg, 8th ser., Vol. 8, No. 10, 1899, pp. 1-57, pls. 1-8, and 9 text figs.: Beitrage zur Kenntniss des sibirischen Cam- brium. NO. I CAMBRIAN FAUNAS OF EASTERN ASIA 13 northern India has a stronger affinity with that of western North America than with any other Cambrian fauna.’ The bearings of this are not enlarged upon further than to indicate a connection between the Himalayan region and North America during Middle Cambrian time. The superb memoir of MM. J. Deprat and H. Mansuy, published as Volume 1, parts 1 and 2, of the Memoirs of the “ Service géolo- gique de I’Indo-Chine,” 1912,’ contains a great addition to our knowledge of the Cambrian rocks and faunas of Indo-China. Dr. Deprat* gives a very full description of the Cambrian formations as they occur at various localities with lists of the contained fossils. From this we learn that there is a series of coarse and fine sandstones at the base of the Cambrian some 500 meters (1,640 feet) thick that are overlain by shales, both calcareous and arenaceous, with inter- bedded quartzitic sandstones. Above the lower sandstones there are about 410 meters (1,345 feet) of beds containing remains of the trilobite genus Redlichia, that are referred to the Lower Cam- brian, and from 200 to 300 meters (656 to 984 feet) of beds classed with the Middle Cambrian (Acadian). A great unconformity is indicated between these beds and the Ordovician strata by the ab- sence of the Upper Cambrian and the lower Ordovician formations. The faunas described by Dr. Mansuy from the Cambrian include :* CAMBRIAN ANNELIDS: TRILOBITES : Planolites ? Redlichia chinensis Walcott Redlichia nobilis Walcott Redlichia walcotti Mansuy Redlichia carinata Mansuy Redlichia sp. ? Pale@olenus douvillei Mansuy Pale@olenus lantenoisi Mansuy Pale@olenus deprati Mansuy Ptychoparia yunnanensis Mansuy OstTRACODS : ie ae BRACHIOPODS: Obolus ? detritus Mansuy Obolus damesi Walcott Obolus cf. chinensis Walcott Lingula yunnanensis Mansuy Acrothele matthewi eryx Walcott Acrothele orbicularis Mansuy Bradoria douvillei Mansuy Aluta sp. ? Nothozoe ? * Records Geol. Surv. India, Vol. 40, plate 1, 1910, p. 10. *Mém. service géol. l’Indo-Chine, Vol. 1, 1912 (received May 8, 1913), fasc. 2, Etude géologique du Yun-Nan oriental, II¢ partie, pp. 1-146, pls. 1-25: Paléontologie. *Idem, Pt. 1, pp. 47-62. Sidem, Pt. 2, pp. 1, 2. I4 SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS VOL. 64 SYNONYMIC REFERENCES The following table mentions only those genera and species in which changes have been made since the publication of the original description and reference: Former generic reference Agnostus koerferi Monke, 1903........... Agraulos abaris Walcott, 1905............ Agraulos acalle Walcott, 1005 2i4\s<- d.) Ulrich, E. O. Bull. Geol. Soc. America, Vol. 22, 1911, Revision of the Paleozoic systems, p. 627. 42 SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS VOL. 64 Valley Canadian and Ozarkian will be found on the Asiatic conti- nent, but at present we must be content to close the Cambrian with the upper horizon of the Kiu-lung group, and wait for further data on the faunas of the Tsi-nan formation and their relation to the Cambrian and Lower Ordovician faunas of North America and Europe. The presence of the genera Syntrophia, Huenella, Cyrtoceras, and Tsinania in the Ch’au-mi-tién limestone proves that the Upper Cambrian fauna was beginning to assume a post-Cambrian aspect toward the close of the deposition of the Ch’au-mi-tién limestone. It is quite possible that the fauna of the lower portion of the Tsi- nan formation, when found, will have an Upper Cambrian aspect, but it is more probable that it will have the general facies of that of the lower Pogonip of the Nevada Cordilleran sections.’ At present the trilobite fauna of the Upper Cambrian in -the Pacific and Cordilleran provinces is readily recognizable at nearly all localities by the presence of such genera of trilobites as Ptychaspis, Tsinania and various genera of the Ptychoparide. Dzkelocephalus is restricted in geographic distribution to a few localities in North America. I would place the formations containing a typical Cam- brian trilobitic fauna in the Cambrian, and where a formation has a fauna characterized by a new group of forms that evidently belong to a later fauna it should be assigned to a post-Cambrian system even though it may have a few Cambrian genera of trilobites in- cluded in it. In North America we find that the fauna of the Upper Cambrian in the Cordilleran region is quite distinctly marked by the presence of typical Cambrian genera and the absence of typical post-Cam- brian genera. In the central area between the Rocky Mountains and the Appalachians the Upper Cambrian fauna as characterized by the trilobitic genera Agnostus, Ptychaspis, Dikelocephalus, Pty- choparia, and Tsinania is singularly free from commingling of typi- cal post-Cambrian genera except in the case of the Eminence * fauna, where a few trilobitic genera have persisted into Ozarkian time.” * Walcott, C. D. Bull. U. S. Geol. Survey, No. 10, 1884, On the Cambrian faunas of North America; Preliminary studies, p. 3. * By error the Gasconade fauna was inserted in this place. The Gasconade is a later fauna. Neither the Eminence nor the Gasconade fauna includes the genus Dikelocephalus. § Ulrich, E. O. Bull. Geol. Soc. America, Vol. 22, 1911, Revision of the Paleozoic systems, p. 631. NOI CAMBRIAN FAUNAS OF EASTERN ASIA 43 TSINANIA, new genus Cranidium subrhomboidal in outline ; moderately convex; slight traces of an occipital ring at base of glabella. Palpebral lobes just back of the center of the cranidium, and of medium size. Postero- lateral limbs subtriangular, short. Facial sutures curving inward so as to give a rounded front to the cranidium. Surface smooth or minutely punctate. Associated pygidia of species referred to the genus a little broader than long and with a slightly defined, narrow, long median lobe marked by obscure transverse furrows that may be faintly outlined on the broad lateral lobes. Genotype.—Illenurus canens Walcott.’ Stratigraphic range-——Upper Cambrian of eastern China. Lower portion of Ch’au-mi-tién limestone. Also Notch Peak formation, western Utah. Geographic distribution-—Provinces of Shantung, China. West- ern Utah in House Range of Cordilleran Province of western America. Observations—The genus Tsinania differs from [llenurus Hall in having the cranidium rounded in front by the incurving of the facial sutures and short, postero-lateral limbs. The associated pygidia of the three species from China are nearly as long as wide and quite unlike the short, transverse pygidium of Jilenurus. From Symphy- surus Goldfuss, it differs in its smaller palpebral lobes, rounded front of the cranidium and the central portion of the cranidium, which is well defined and expanded anteriorly in Symphysurus and obscure and rounded inward in Tsimama. The species referred to the genus are: Tsinania canens (Walcott), Tsinania ceres (Walcott), Tsinania cleora (Walcott),* and Tsinania dictys (Walcott) .” PALEONTOLOGY, STRATIGRAPHIC AND GEOGRAPHIC DISTRIBUTION OF TSPECIES The table gives the general stratigraphic and geographic distribu- tion of the Chinese species described in this memoir. The asterisk used opposite the species by authors to indicate the position of the * Research in China, Carnegie Institution of Washington, Publication No. 54, Moluluintors, p..222, pl. 23° fig..3; *Idem, pp. 222-224. *Tllenurus Walcott. Smithsonian Misc. Coll., Vol. 53, 1908, p. 175, Ia of Notch Peak formation of the Upper Cambrian, House Range, Utah. 44 SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS VOL. 64 species is replaced by the locality number or numbers to enable the student to refer to the exact locality, stratigraphic position, and lists of associated species. associated species. | [See pp. 17-34 for list of localities and The following is a summary of the genera and species: Classification. Genera. Subgenera. Species. | Varieties. Foraminifera... . I : hag a Pesta ad A Porikeraiee. oer 2 2 Amthozoaere sos. I |. I Wnnelidase-es. +. I Te ch I sak Ole Brachiopoda..... 13 A 36 4 Gastropoda... .<. 5 Shes II 2 Pteropoda..-.- 44 2 II I Cephalopoda ..... I I sense inilopitages. neal 9630 I £75 4 Ostracoda . I 6 es 63 | 5 245 Il General Stratigraphic and Geographic Position of the Cambrian Faunas of China Stratigraphic General geographic position. position. . : | e = < =) Ss Ss | bo es s S185) 251 eg ae ee Name 3 tee | & | 3 2 Sie & Seco 3 i ‘oe cs Sait a A < a0 = a 0 EN aS) 3) = wT H Os | re m Ss 2 e 3S) Y ca uw s Bal eee | "acre o a 4 Sp AS Z Zz |e FoRAMINIFERA. Globigeninage man boensis setoiasictais le iecrsi= orsjale sta) oisia iets Se illjacacmee Gs. |asmaets ce) cee PoRIFERA. (Cr 1) Protospongia chionisseseacte spaces e eee lnea ete Sores Cer shoe ) 350 : tee (354 PrOtOSPON 2 1ay Sp Ut Gevamoetteleieeleeis eieieteleleletele steieleleia (aie Pastels re > §\S5boad) |baosotics SeScaccc 351 ANTHOZOA. | Goscmocyathusvelivinasa etc ole Ost ercisiole cies talenterellleisieictee SC) || Sates srall ed eens (OVE ooonoas = ANNELIDA. Planolites spe Und te nme sinc nte ess smnincine sia meeps iva aleraeie > Gan nocd | Raaeecoe acme cond | 36f BRACHIOPODA. : : = 357 Microm@ttral Scalp tilasii is ccteia(s cls tarsvanvoeraictaie eters aerials SLi |eecteiste’s || bie cietelersesl| Ae eteeS 350 Micromitra (Paterina) labradorica orientalis......}...... SCP alee ares Co_ | seas eehosteeer g5n Micromitra CPaterinia)) Macs alec. ectercsls cereale arene eye aint KV Heuererctsse|l Sferelorctebaiel reemrerereearers {35 30d Micromitra (Iphidella) pannula maladensis*.......].....- Se Sangse Jesse sees [eeee eens } 2 Micromitra (Iphidella) pannula SU est doncond |lsdscs SS lsoobee | Ges Seda ess | 35n @Poltis | ShimEnsiSs sos cies yerers o siare sis Sees nraye Sales ayeieiere| Meee Sms setae | C62 | Spee 351 * Also occurs in Idaho and Newfoundland. + Also occurs in Utah. Note.—The columns “ Near Ch’ang-hia,’’ “‘ Near Ch’au-mi-tién,” I ** Near Tsi-nan,”’ “‘ Near Fang-lan- chon,” “Near Tung-yi,” “ Near Ch6n-ping-hién,” “ Near ” ” Ting- hiang-hién, and “‘ Near Kao-kia-p’u in the first column were not collected in those localities. “Near Sin-t’ai-hién,” are omitted in this page, as the species recorded NO. I CAMBRIAN FAUNAS OF EASTERN ASIA 45 General Stratigraphic and Geographic Position of the Cambrian Faunas of China—Continued Stratigraphic ; ae BOSON: General geographic position. eae eelees |e del | ls ie Vas Boh crest ah esate so is : Railcs «|| & ; q SS PCS | eer | AC yea ee an fc meta MS Ec | Seine etoicred le oS Areal cate lly py. tO I ecb IP eee na Aa Vaeetey en a 3} 3 ~ a |~dios ot S S :0 a o| a, lO oO as! oO Paes) = a x lest as} mee or toU ns v re iS) mw |On HoH Be) Ore Shelled gs Sicmrate soles Pa | 8 |ealcs lee eelee an Ps = a i) o |o ) Oe lowes of |oe| 6] 9H SSCP oeE Cols 4 latin ei zn aa cam ct =a Pies oa a ; | (35% BracuiopopaA—Continued. . | | 350 C7 | 35" sober rooco Coda Seae < soonsalby (Giuel Secligpsallangads Raga aa lanatdallsaeal incon! sneer C64) 36e SEMOIZS (IA LITIALIS) Pj. nics eee cess alco eal lmecors x arbsysiS Sadhoonnoonno 90d 0llas0e >< BieCalte ateye (e¥aie1s0) (ler sie x Se x x NE Social | eclaes x Everersereiel| oe Seal eee EI payers iis lalllcce beta x Lingulella (Lingulepis) eros...... mae lle aS ingulella (Lingulepis ?) sp. undt.|....) x icellomus parvus ............-- Saree lit wos bolella asiatica :............--. Gu lecaeoe OTIETIUANTS Ire ra joe sfeverslera/n ele EAE matthewi eryx......... x be Reseed x do Con ARO ROE paseo ae x SOc atiocoderco cor aOlloars x pret feharWal schiatet saleiel licteiete x shantungensis ......... » .| aerated as he rales D liscinopsis SURI CALS Merercye cl etebecens crane S0eo||hoppoD < illingsella pumpellyi ........... sounlloancnn x llingsella richthofeni .......... Gal loaganse aime Jon 88 poneoe spor 50g > ME hbo dtG Aidt totic &.9 colo onl oun! looodorn >a cath douedeooo ncn (decd sapcuc << | Seer unicgide Sapa s| Abang acecia doe acess x Si swewe wie sas cece loess lesiecce > soe soia tomdcllonde x 4 (We) emits Scene x Se fayai sieves eiatsiinwis' bye! |\e\e(eialinte o'einve Del were not collected in that locality. Note.—The column “‘ Near Sin-t’ai-hién ” is omitted in this page, as the species recorded in the first column 40 SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS VOL. 64 General Stratigraphic and Geographic Position of the Cambrian Faunas of China —Continued Sey ees General geographic position. liesedtih es Pale tb ‘ s| 3 S| 2 | 5] w 2 5 SSS ac ere ee 3 3 || ¢ - mE :0 — 1) = ey a lis 3 | 3 oo fetter rhe S Ole fag a |Oeg|™ Et v cs oi} w u HO| & 1 HS] & as) % fs | B is) = 3 o 3] S| a5| a o's 3 Ore le a a. | oO oO o o |o cD) io) Vv 7) i Sp 2 4 BZ NG Vane | 2|4 Ale —— a et — GASTROPODA. | . ina Scenella clotho .....-.........-- laces! X |oeee Scenella ? dilatatus, <5 J. oi. \<\c'/e1- «|= KX Jewecl[eceeee Scenella sp. undt.......... SSeS Good) ooonn | Xx Miatherella Cine) cies or ois © © ole wiofe|eeieie||ieinieie\n.=] (2% Straparollina sp. undt. ...........|++-+| X Pelagiella) chronusy ai-tms-to le lorer= poodles Relactellameliy tia: vere srerrelerierel ears erste loses) (eieielsiele x Pelagiella pagoda ............2-ejeceelerees x Pelagiellay willis tislje ie -ierele =>) Jasco] X Joeoe Helcionella ? clurius ............ Jecce] X |ecvelleccee Helcionella rugosa chinensis...... | KX Joceees sees Helcionella rugosa orientalis......)--+++|++++++ see 5 Helcionella ?? simplex........... seeel X PTEROPODA. Eiyolithes cybele ...c1o. « oc ciacis seat X fleieeie LE Riolingavech CehYol sean} A actos opie eonc sis a(s\|\s,0re:s10.5 x EM OMEb ES GElia sfeselaveelorel= = /e1- oe iets X Jereeeeleoes iyolithes sp. “undt./ -/).. 3. sd. 36 SS isieesre wares @xthothecascyGene ).c «lies = er tore Sona a4 x Orthotheca cyrene dryas......... peo) 24. llnood Oxrthothecaydaulis sec eerie. 6 fererey| Oxthotheca. delphus! ier. 2's s Baoa) >< Wrthotheca ‘cf delphus..---)-h.--- yoba|| Ss Wrthotheca doris wencees sees Seoo|h aes @xthotheca (elabra jo. eee eee ce Senrl woks mulberecce Oxthotheca ‘spy undtcea-seee ncn Sead secanc x CEPHALOPODA. | Cyrtocerasicambrial e.cseaeee eee Scodilscoour 2 |lKnoosallbacaaooc | wens’ Cheb ere orn estes ee.ejeell Sele eee oon TRILOBITA. 350 Cr | 35P ASHOStUS) ChINENSIS sa. c\ers ssletereloele| eae 2 \Ieaaallboodne Gare haercell Mares Saisiatl|G Zit oats Cs57\< 357 C4 | 36¢ eae, a ANEHOSEUS GOUVIIIEL [Crlereisleicleleleeic.ee sp05|| 26 \lSoorlsoac00 C67 | Se6c| Ggsleccclsem|ecirie sese| (BOF Agnostus kushanensis ...... semoclbseal oS Weéacllsooosdllaapnecoalseuallosce ayesaiel|lsteterallletekeretete (Ch Issoasndoo Agnostus parvifrons latelimbatus*.]....] X |....|]------|---.---- [Gpec)|oecs||seca||oooalluponcc AeA lGoo0ee Microdiscus orientalis ........... SARA be pe m|lecmallsdicord lpacoaano Vevsvarei|lerarars | Gg. | Raters otsteieteteiets Shumardial spe undti.o-0)- eres spool} e ||bn0070)|p500cec0 K@i31 een) jnsoalleosel eberco| lsc c||bocc coac ete (GiiGleqonbocd Bate easel |eooel abullomcod: Re tac cduc Redlichia Chinensis) sesj/esicteereie Sl ererorsints Beedle GG Inbensoq|losoalscds Beer opooS HBel|sSoonoor ‘ C27 | \Sscd ccnelesairone AO feck soneos asia eeisinee Reditchiaysreanialiserstecycactskclercerts Godt ues 4 | Bapcusl Masnoorn| lacoal eon bate el Etstarell eereniete (Git lpasncac 5 PREMMMeHIa MODIS) Sassy cues tee orerevevere ore Ml fomreravelieteene | atcziloees eee Redhichia spz wndtM(@)yo.. 05 occas Saieally ak Redlichia SpauinateD) aeons SCS coer lecsrote Redlichiasp) nde \(e)iie ona oe er Scnl ectorats Socd Aibertellaspaciicay cn. ce screens monae Se |e Doxrypyee bispinosd. 2... aceee oe salsaee >< * Occurs at Wang-tschuang, Shan-tung, China. Note.—The columns “ Near Sin-t’ai-hién,” “‘ Near Wu-t’ai-hién,” and “ Near Ting-hiang-hién,” 5 emitted in this page, as the species recorded in the first column were not collected in these ocalities. NO. I CAMBRIAN FAUNAS OF EASTERN ASIA 47 General Stratigraphic and Geographic Position of the Cambrian Faunas of China —Continued trati hi : ore = sosiion: Szall General geographic position. : ra . et | st >| s a] 8 | ei ss ceeaieee seis alee Bese olieees ||) Gea ee ATE cee Vee ee (0 | eta peers Name. a = a eo a a) |e ss ss || et lS Bewley eh Weal Wee | | eae ro) O = o fc a a | 8 5 | 3 Tae) ne tees S) s IO.,H/F14 meeloalM| ae Vv ~ ov a Me [eieks he ce Sy ae, u co Beco iar) os S |ss/ 8) 3)/s\ss| s/s] ee Hl} ae |P Z 4 |4 |42|42/4\4 |42\4/e TrILopiTtA—Continued. C19 | | Age Dorypyge richthofeni .........-- tleeee] xX | ce (Gee |e Scq)Godn| [onl leaao||ooce BoselKGy/ {3st tle 357 30 | Dorypyge richthofeni levis.......-|....| X |..-.|/--.+---0]e-s beetle pooallaansllocos Cre (Geilocsollodcane GREIMISTION ALCON oeieiec/« wielevsieisie'ele Jesee] X |eeen|[eceeeees be B aeaellorerers AEH caret Ison ese ee alheieeiaee Meinistion lansi* .....-..:-.--.' [eee 24 Wal croen| | aeeecane ste RCO SOE piris| aa lees enna yA alae Teinistion typicalis ............-- \oaaa!| "=< \ipcedeade (Cae Noesolloaadllogse Berl ae sen bedi 36f Stephanocare ? monkei.........-.|.++.| X |s+es|/.-ee00ee (Sm lites eal lpecal pase |fotster='| atetaval| evolere|| atevexel|jstoroietele Stephanocare richthofeni .......-|....| X Joo-.|[eee-e-e- SO Necbollecnalloose ECR eho dasucllecae|locodoc Stephanocare ? sinensiS..........|.-. Xo) [acu lliteesrnsers (Cig 88 aallasan seek 3c00lnboallonec Bagel AS Sugpinamasinia Pusey mule seaeegnollasos|| 84 |lbcoq)||\cesanpac (CXS = | Pagallocuclledas Sap sooo oso agonllancons Blackwelderia alastor ......-....-|e---| X |oo--||--s--0e- Ci2 | logaslloade [total ereteralliareteye sie cel) oesielee Blackwelderia cilix .............. |... SSIES llsaeascan|lcodeernel leavelloccel aes GAC |heeallaccolloooc a6 Blackwelderia sinensis¢+ .........|..--| xX theveitomnctere GGe FiPeAlisccalsnoe Bicone aces 36f Damesella bellagranulata ........|....| xX {|lerarevaretare’e G3 co qn|lbnaa\locua|loonc I3Baa)lpeac! laodeac I2 | Damesella blackwelderi .......... \Ocr Iis-4 al sisiceal| lacerseacees|| C13 soyeisilisteraiarflesie.e Seer llerasee {359 oe | 367 40 Damesella brevicaudata ........:.|...- 3 Ailcosalll WGacr "\Aeooosuilenod dean||bsaallaccd|lonaHliacoalloosaljoccous Damesella sp. undt. (c).......... Jsoosll “4c. loocalllodeqaadc usiaatton (G7alseballocad|ascclloccallaasellscco|| Gxe Drepanura ketteleri ............. Seu lic kes 4 acon labartecee | C6 [ove [e need. (C55) pe nnlencetenta lorena Drepanura premesnili .-.-5...... lParerarai eee oll cients beget (eg, || \GB5 lee cieilreellieterl SOF fe 5 Tia [a oleveseretaielloverexe pated S650) sae) loasollaade ann \ooodos Het CHOPALIAy ACLIS! ‘sieiec)s1© eres 2 a's 0 = @ XG liste sisie vos {2 pananooe| sons Saal Sara Goad pacAlladat loose locoede ¥ BIE Wleiicioneal SHAG OD Geta (aaaollBapalleeedllododl sodas Ptychoparia granosa ............- Wesel" sevetevere poor MGKGs lSoocnooe|laasa ste rerell ateerei|tatsletel tctetsrel| eteretel lere/atel|tereteseter= tyehoparia WM par Seen oe. cre oe SK Ane ee Eecall) Gate | Weoasaad aean ate ohelle ie terell iatese'lloverere| levererey| ehetetel| erste terete Ptychoparia impar var. ?......... fosa0l) <> |bach|llsooonabe (CHIET (Seen lseadleerta| iascullacenlbonclleod siopacec ane | 35” iPtychoparia kochibel ..........«. Severe PES Om, Petacareallllsceverelatars ell veterarexevetas oped Pel ec Pea | | 6e Ptychoparia ligea ............... Xi ocak ISeacd| KGZing |lasnopenc SOpallcauel eet Gp a PR es Ptychoparia lilia ...........++.-. spatl|" es 6 ]|d5ne||loachdere Weep ee Bee |eeeel (Oa Gada done loceul hace joaccee iPeychoparia P tolus.. 2... ..6+ s06. pistes | tee Neeenalbcee ate sapocean Ieone| (Cita eacel laveullcoen||scsuilocncc|locwoSe Ptychoparia typus .............. rare oan cual Lge | aac aeons Fe pe een leech Beal iy Ptychoparia sp.- undt.. 0... ....s+= Jerse] X foes Vecebbaso 164 P\C48|-22 |. -2|-a2c|-nre|eaea|Cxs teeeee Ptychoparia (Emmrichella) bro-| i 3 MUS eee e ees e eee e ee ese e cece ae Sill as si fe ePaveccve vate C6 HR || \eveve,os| faveta?el|ts:oleyel| (erateve' | latevacevt laveramellKeletelelors Ptychoparia (Emmrichella) con- | SIS ope See Bien ae 2 ane eee eae [i che ere ae veeeet heli el Pl oy te Ptychoparia (Emmrichella) etiopia)....| x |....|| C23 |...... BH eesti Piaaeas eal x oustc'l means Rrtotn operate Ptychoparia (Emmrichella) manto- ETISISHe icra ta oa es claws ais etary Son ete et | eer biee POR Eo |hegeeetepeNerases |tetoncesn fstebs he} |hetecc/ hehe ceca eke te eek oe Bi p : | T Jecceccne Jiejeye.e |\clcc.e [\e:wicle |\e.0\0 « |'e\e\e ei]lele\aie||\c enc | © O10) e.0%6 Ptychoparia (Emmrichella) theano....) x [ee res lacenaoae 5 50q||2ade |daval|cciea |Snoollanne||ocaaljacnesc Conokephalina belus ............. [eaeal oes aaah ck | Cae | eee een Foe sala eG |e [ists eee ser Conokephalina dryope ........... [excell secescdote 5a ate aaa Eat «Sl (Cre6 Relies esl eset |ewee Conokephalina maia ............. lates ¢ a Sembitos dl Gxiollocan|laoncac Conokephalina vesta ...........: Ieee AH GGo| ies allies slellerersiete rs Conokephalina sp. undti.........|.... Ap O57) 6770 lbooa||apedar Crepicephalus convexus ..........|.... S\|ocanllovos | 357 F 5 | | (repicephalus damia .......-....- | Ale Farlkssanllopoenc Grepicephalus magnus ........... lector (Gy-Eslpec5|(babe| boda boon loser a anette Lonchocephalus tellus ........... | Bul noel aetoer Wiostracinal kramsei)........:00-0- Nsretece 35 (ooo Pei HOM VaCRDUTEA ve\o< eros +a osdcrauns eee rele BAI * Also from Yen-tsy-yai. + Calymmene ? sinensis Bergeron. Note.—The columns “ Near Choén-ping-hién ” and “‘ Near Ting-hiang-hién ”’ are omitted in this page, as the species recorded in the first column were not collected in those localities. 4 48 SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS VOL. 64 General Stratigraphic and Geographic Position of the Cambrian Faunas of China —Continued Stratigraphic position. General geographic position. Name. Sin-t’ai-hién. | Lower Cambrian. Island, chon. Tschang-hsing-tau Near Yen-chuang. | Near Ch’au-mi- Near | Near Wu-t’ai-hién. | Upper Cambrian. | Near Ch’ang-hia. | Near Tsi-nan. | Near Fang-lan- | Near Tung-yt. TriLopita—Continued. Pterocephalus asiaticus Pterocephalus busiris .. Pterocephalus ? liches...... Shantungia spinifera .. abaris x | Middle Cambrian. wee eee eec elt tt t|covees| KH |lccccee| WOOL jeeeecclecever|eneei|W 54. ccelecvcciecsees SURE * Ue pe ajelelete slaeisteferersie’l| oO © \tatejeie'l|lccferete.c'| ) (Nez) iilleierele.c ci}-e.eleiniaiel|lsinie'mi{laletelel laters el teeene eee rere ereoeeacesel(sees| KR Jeseeiiscceve Inouyia Inouyia Inouyia Inouyia weer eee e creer cree eeieees| NK feevelecceee| WIZ Jeeeeseleveees|scvelecvelecrclevesi|esesce were reese eeeee toes! RK Joevelleseese eeeerese seveeeieesere iQ JO seeeleceeieees|cesese ee w eee eee eee esos else tt| KR lee eelioveceeieneesene eeeeeslseseesissesissesiseces|Q\s JO eeeene Inouyia Aaah (obo cd lassen issccl\soosiloogalscacocc Inouyia Inouyia Inouyia Inouyia Inouyia Agraulos Agraulos Agraulos Agraulos Agraulos Agraulos Agraulos Agraulos tats... Agraulos vicina Pagodia bia . Pagodia dolon Pagodia) lotos).. 6.4... sevaetellelenetenere line iPagodiamimacedomemeceemdeecceces Boa all Lisania agonius wee eee eee cecs wo este *| RK jeveelicceesce cece ecssleeecesl|ereess|ecceleeee |W OD) seceleecsse 1. {C69 ous se|omaacd| seal eele Cea aem melie PALER TALI Ge steictelcveheleierssyera) ae ERISDEA Sere one toe here alee titiana Ge wleleie es a:|\6/0/0\0\0'e||\e'e!u) ms, a/|\s/ele’e||clatetal|iniciwiel|ateletel|ietsislaialn wee eee c eves ecccccciecoes| KK feesellesceee| WZ leecseslereeerlecccleccs(eccsel|recsiccvccs eee ee were ccecceiseee| RK jeeee|| W223 coeeneselereeesl(eesens|cccelececlescelesecsi|eseses weet we meee wr ecceeeeieess| KR |eewelioeesesieeeeeseeleeeees Wi Sm leew elacseleeesieceeleneese we m eee e cree cccceelisees| RK Jeevelieeeees| WZ leveeee sesesslecevieverierecievesi|eseese ececeeeceieees| MK lewwel) UW 2D coves seveleseees eerereleneeleeseleresleeeslssssns Adie hee ceeceenlsese ccsccalesctes eles eee eeeee Bel eee sco: were eee cesc cece celscce| W~ Jerecelicccecel[oreeesrce seossen|sseece BR Suitacuc scene |cecel (Xs leawelline ca|ienet hel een eee 11. {C 70]. Perce cccceccccccccleces settee! KH flcccese[ovcceses| WAI feces sisccctecesiccesisove esesse eleeeeee| XK [ewww valreeervee eeesesl(eeeeerioeee |W 5O0leeeeleces|eevess ee eee bee Ce ee eC IL REISER Ehiebe Ge gnaauceadddn Holoo OG lepers ILIGemiR CIRIET CS aocoosccpnoooddonalbse Lisania ? belenus isaniaybural aevesie cece ween alee eer ewe eee e eee eeleeee, KR leweel) Ul sees e nee leween ei ereesrl[asse eens seeelevesieseese Lisania cf. bura Solenopleura Solenopleura Solenopleura Solenopleura Solenopleura Solenopleura sp. Chuangia batia abderus acanthus acerius acidalia admeta bisaniasspatindtaeosomene arene undt © \@)efe = \[o/e)'s\e)e/v exeleielaiellaicicic ete ee ww ene Cee ere rs eesreccecclecoes OOOO ee) ad were eer er ceces ee ay ee es ee ad intermedia pauperata ee settee ea eale eee tt ew ww alenee ee eecceeles et tee ewww alenae Ce a i ee ii eeeees wee el ree e tees seme ele wee ween Slee ween Cg6| sa lesee seen wee ele eeeee etre eee eee ee wee ele weeee Note.—The columns “ Ne are omitted in this page, localities, ar Chén-p’ing-hién,” “‘ Near Ting-hiang-hién,” and “‘ Near Kao-kia-p’u ” as the species recorded in the first column were not collected in those ead Ap NO. I CAMBRIAN FAUNAS OF EASTERN ASIA 49 General Stratigraphic and Geographic Position of the ‘Cambrian Faunas of China —Continued Stratigraphic || : He postion: General geographic position. ; ; ; : =e ; ee lies joa elte ee leer |. | lee | 3 Fes x ord = g | ig ca “3 . | SI 3 id a to Name. oon lice 2) ey a | (3 Se licen > |S i cS] Se le ape. s Bot Waa eee ear! dh Gaehoe aes | ced Gt te cree) 26 Woe | sole te ee ee De lee, & 45 ro eer enOr ob ee On oh or Nes. | ce ree leer asie tema: (ees v cs) ov & te us Soma re HO} yw leo] 4 gs 3 as) a 3 3 a} a | a] a oS | glial ao | Su ro) pia a o o os o | o o | OF} g jo} o 34 S| ee |) ah ee Z2|4 Zin Wain ie lies bq Pe Ze =a aa | | a | a TRILoBITA—Continued. Ptychaspis baubo .......... srofefell elaieletere se iesy Saleen ined |r see Ptychaspis bella ..:..-...... oS6u| 55000 | «25 |l|so5000] saqcds| agnood |doeeod loeeo sopaeel leak Gr) eaeel A Saleh oa anllaognen Ptychaspis brizo ..........- 960n|[Se0cKe)||, 29) 1|55 500) jacobo |i Cx }:] Boocog|loocgl bosada ladda |Goraliso scllaaqood||seoGec Ptychaspis vacus ......-.... S600)\G0 ona] | 1.9] sco0dal h LGCel Bssneal ocone eaeel scores abeccal lacoste! need) oaoauslloosaor Ptychaspis cadmus ......... etaore||{etetetefole|| RX) I liw-oiotelutell'ois'wioieini| CA Lille /ais)=\s'x\|:avels.0\) iaisloiele ls e/ereiaisll everson cieiere jecccesleceoes Ptychaspis calchas ......... sfotsto||islarereisie | e2CUl|\folelol~inin) ietateiorerail| Axa tTI|I< or0)e1= til ecelalalVoierels a’ ell eistere.s/el| lsiciere)| eavarel| etatcteterell oe elerers ietychaspis callisto ......... asgeg||Sadocall SS lavaeddll, (GOlenorsallagonoa noad Soocen|lssosoal ss aallecscllesooudllogodne ietychaspis calyce .....-.... spayatal | atatetatotel | Meee | feyatareyas i MCs ll] Cs Ifatorer sy sec'lis tess | ore mi ore) keyeyete revel een ol aerePT eter ee otoee Ptychaspis campe .......... S00G|bbsaadl| 28) \llbeaédel|angsna|| Gri \adcodol panel |laseeed| |agoeeal bacn joedalloboddallocobac tychaspis ceto .......-+.:. sees leeeees Fak So a a ietychaspis sp. undt....-..... seceleceens hls lease ess Anomocare alcinoe ......... kofotal Xan lofoxns~II| olalntesacalltalasaie’aieillo/=ls/afaiel|'*) 16 s\=\~ | orere/s/|{=iaieiele\oll'e-01sie\esa|| canieeel| rere IW (Gig7 Ilaacons Anomocare convexa* ...... coat) 26° Wloosb||isaeasollacaoun lscodes| |Gnuron) Godel lscoood jacsanal beeetlse se lFevateraperel| eeietelete Anomocare daulis .......-.. silo! OX Sen Sha em ss : n Anomocare ephori ......... aool) ES leSoalllbosn0qlleaco55laoccnd| Snnood gape laadaesl saeco acon necallsacanc } oe Anomocare flava ........... sievofel| EAS |) Eeis ‘elf lniejalelaselleraieiv(e/elllsisjateisjei\(e/s\eisie'e}|s:e/0)c)| eicleeiayeit C72 s1e15\0il/a/sielsl|isroisteteel||alelerolele piomocare latelimbatum: ..-../se>| 2% |[inee||newene! C2 |ocece.| C52]... [reese feceees|scceliasoclowsen. 35” mAmnomocare lisani .......... vee] X sta] suaraval ecerensio 359 Anomocare megalurus ...... sees] X | Gazipecttar son | | 35" PATIOMOCATE MINUS ..6....+-. : 2“ |bacollloodaanl Ge}. ||Sgoqeullaacada|lanaalhaconcllaoancollaccclpoeklldaoces {soe 36h 3 { 357 Anomocare minus var....... a9nG|) 2S" |lsadalllonce6A|\eocunol p0e556| GuCedD| idono londeans| sosena ssod| (soo sorcns 1 oe Anomocare ? nereis......... x plese tlle wees ANECHATCAMS, Sra pEGkerninrsas|looqgl! 4 !loco4llisnacaal| 4 Gyzrsoncoe lascoed Sead lepcmonl Becca! Seeallaccellsnacor 35n Anomocare sp. undt......... sooal|| WSS". \\do00 || lbqn50l Nodaonllgodaad UooadE | B7e7lpdacea goucdol soas|lsodollssponclsassec EMIGIIOCATeCRVAnIOUSISPetindteelliessa| OX ||) all ©.30) |sn@Si | Cab < ce cierilisiciora llctejs cre. [log wo dll wee serail olememrall eeeeers Anomocarella albion .......|....| x (CG lancoan Anomocarella baucis ....... ielare | wistarerets Sar arellraietere | she (eteretsi|(stetonvers _ Anomocarella bergioni ..... TAllacnollaccsac Sond lade Sacooollcaccae Anomocarella bigsbyi .......|....| x (GFallosce|lascodalloonoee Anomocarella biston ....... sopolle 424 occa acaisreallereterevere\| evenereers eaiomocarella butes ...--...|-..<| xX BA Gaddlineecoe osanee ‘ f3sn Anomocarella chinensis .... x Cs7 |< 35r (36g Anomocarella comus ....... oocd|| BX (CYlisscallaacsqalfososod Anomocarella hermias ...... Berl ox a leveratelllereraralite leptons 350 Anomocarella irma ......... aosa|l S<) |lossal|lecpodal oaenen|locodesllaoccoc!(GY7ladeacd lone anal[sobnllanas|labusoalloosaor Anomocarella macar ....... p004|| SS. |loG0dlllaocons| loweacal loascona) loorSaollonos| losocadllasoaeal|lasoalloscel osaaon 350 Anomocarella Sia thiiige eer coun|| Se oecdlllGosa86|lodcann| ldeonoalladnoocllSsaollenooralladuccallosacllodeulidostoollaonbor Anomocarella speciosat ....|... 54 lSq00)| doaoon) Madoonl|oonoc| lado cballossplluodocalisaancallassullanaollsancdn| loodaiee AADTENTEARCIE, CUA FOSS sagllocsel) eee ocaol|lsabeedl | Ley A llsdodaalan8aaq [seca |Geaakae| danene (coda seeallonatael Gusons Anomocarella tatian ........ Bee SS ileaoal)| SSE} Gaosoa|loddocalscqcas||sdqcllsooaon|lcancenl|loaan|lbodallogoas docase _ Anomocarella temenus ..... SoH OS «lee Czatl! Gitolemitecelamee ce lta | eee etemene eecial eeerallemieas eae Anomocarella tenes ........ CGGDI| ee Miaseel| Ie G38 ede lacabont Sccgaol socal oobbod lbscoae! Son ladeal Radars! naarne Anomocarella thrasot ...... eaDOlhe Hee Uilonas|| scuGsD| ak Gey loaded lodacoal asealGeaceal |. sass Gonelleaaallsess Gal Senet Anomocarella toxeus ....... Sooo) eS lfefetotereral|pexersveye 5 Anonoocarella ROHS) So ooane stacy T85< Aooaallsenoao mAinomocarella tutia <:......|<-.« x ceiele\ell asesternre * Occurs in 90 x, Middle Cambrian, Coosa Valley, Alabama, and is introduced for comparison. t Occurs at Wang-tschuang, Shan-tung, China. t On rock with Inouyia tittana.. Notr.—The column “‘ Near Chén-p’ing-hién ”’ is omitted in this page, as the species recorded in the first column were not collected in that locality. 50 SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS VOL. 64 General Stratigraphic and Geographic Position of the Cambrian Faunas of China —Continued Stratigraphic : a BORIEION: General geographic position. eI : : bb : 3 ] 5 3 & || 3 Pa | op . S 3 s 8 ||: a — ie : Ss & 2 te mfr |] a te eepe |pesia ice o bo Name. 5 ESO oon os 5 a s >| 12 ao a & 3 — || § 2 3 aa) to] & ~ a al] 5 Calleae |e Se @ to On lee oO (Oy Ieee! 3) =| iyi | 68) © | rsh eee Ay as) fe, Lv NS > She S| | | Or i | Es v uo) v H G Ho Soe ice wes HsO u ss S MS) a || 3 oS ae) 6 |aS| co] oa | 3 oe oS = a o o o's o |o?] o om o a SP pee iS) ea bags pe Aa Nee aly t= ee (oma pon eS | erane | TriLopitA—Continued. | | Anomocarella TTI a ta cree Scie Sane Xx Slelats/| /ataze,i|eeiotererellle\olerstelail/ereia erate lomo O77 dheaos oral Sic ole erereie Coosiatsbianos sentereerereiociecnelsicle sees leceees 2Sibeoa| | CY RScece]|oaoadallocad||sooc Jeeeeee sees leceeeeee Coosiayicanmetsaccrsnaci once eek seeeleceeee X lense teers (G38 Saeosteleaee Semalecoeee devel orcsiness (GoOosiay? Mdaunus sce eee eee seseth Se Esl oertell sires mea seem bse ieee A aieiell siesieiete seeeleeeeeeee Cousiaydecelasw. (reesei eiercre seletel| = OX) Milletsterail| = a {) a seat Ferme ————— 2 iy y eilies , : A 3|§ ane Schists and gneisses with a 3 Mia shan At é intruded granite, sy- = o complex. ig iy enite, etc. B\< iy aH a A) Totals ..-.-| 3:750 | 1,135 Fic. 1.—SkEcTION oF THE SENIAN SYSTEM IN THE CH’ANG-HIA DISTRICT, SHAN-TUNG * Willis and Blackwelder, 1907. ington, Vol. lig Pub. No. 54, Carnegie Institution of Wash- oo 52 SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS VOL. 64 Locality numbers. Feet. Sinian. T’ai-shan. Archean. Po-shan series. | Carb. Tsi-nan dolomite. Ordovician. -Unconformity- £0t Kiu-lung group. Cambrian. €kl — -Unconformity- T’ai-shan complex. €m At Present land Meters. surface. Coal-bearing shales, 45 etc. 2,500 | Dolomitic limestone, liver-brown, blue- gray, and = pur- plish colors. 760 tt | : 1 | as | l | 1 vz oe AVY AY T NUZININGZ IN Zi cal Us 300 Ash-gray earthy limestone, partly shaly. 800 | 12, 13, 40, 62. I, 2, 4, 10, 57- | 5) 7» 9» 52, 63. Blue-gray limestone. Green shales, lime- stones, and lime- stone nodules. 245 Oolitic dark lime- stone. | 575 | 60. Brown shales and limestones. Maroon and yellow 175 shales. Buff shales and earthy limestones. Totals «227. |) 45375 Gneiss, schists, and granite. 1,315 Fic. 2.—SECTION OF THE SINIAN SYSTEM IN THE SIN-T’AI District, SHAN-TUNG op Ro ah stones and dikes of greenstone. NO. I CAMBRIAN FAUNAS OF EASTERN ASIA 53 pacality Feet. |Meters. Present land surface. 20+ 6+ | Dense blue limestone. 74. 73° 75 23 Ocherous, gray, dense, conglomer- itic limestone. habs 110 33 ‘Massive ocherous gray limestone. ie aaa Ber nO ae Oks Mee el. es limestones.) SS Seeieeee eens EG p Gee 65 20 Brown and gray shales and thin- S SSS bedded limestone. 3 eee 3) —=——S————- 5 Leo ]e oo je coo] oly 3 SS ees ‘ee tae fo) | of 0% | 71. 45 14 assive gray oolitic limestone. 3 [e[e se] ee efoo | | : a Re Se aonb 15 4.5 | Gray shales. 5 9 3 Gray crystalline limestone. oO Saas ee ES a = DES SS a eres 8 2.5 | Gray calcareous shale. 5 1.5 | Oolitic limestone. 30 9 Gray and buff shales with lime- stone nodules. 12 3-5 | Hard brown-gray oolitic limestone. 35 10.5 | Slabby buff limestone, dense and S| hard. a ee is 80 25 Red shales with thin reddish lime- stones. Bia to ‘em SSS SS Sa es SSS 40 12.5 | Red shale and argillaceous lime- ——— stone, withthin yellow limestones EE 30 9 Red shale and thin limestone. ———— 4 1.3 Argillaceous yellow limestone. _—_—————S SS SS I2 3°55 Red calcareous shale. —- — i 3to15| 1tos5 | Red sandstone and conglomerate. ‘29'909| : vi} } Hf nn : THA By : f i) Pa a Hu-t’o / Vy an!) o | system. Wy) "4 610+ | 180+ | Purple argillites; siliceous lime- Ee) WH ‘ IA Fic, 3—PartiaL SEcTION oF THE SINIAN SysTEM SOUTH OF TuNG-yU, SHAN-SI 54 SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS VOL. 64 Fic. 4 (Blackwelder).—Ch’ang-hia, Shan-tung. Section of Cambrian strata in the north side of Man-t’o butte. 1—red granite; 2—soft yellow shales; 3—buff earthy limestone; 4==gray and buff calcareous shales; 5—=syenite-porphyry sheet; 6—greenish shale; 7= earthy limestone; 8—= maroon shale; 9= buff earthy limestone; 10 = white calcareous shale; Il1=red shale; 12—olive-gray limestone; 13—dark shales; 14—= gray limestone; 15 = maroon shale; 16—gray limestone; 17 brown and gray shales; 18 = gray limestone; I9= brown shale; 20=thin-bedded, dark oolite and greenish shale; 21—gray limestone with black oolitic bodies. This scale of thickness is indicated in feet. eS SS SS = 12 13 14 Fic. 5 (Blackwelder).—Yen-chuang, Shan-tung. Section of Cambrian strata in the western part of the Kiu-lung-shan. I= gray gneiss; 2—bright green shale; 3— gray earthy lime- stone; 4—= dense blue-black limestone; 5 brown and yellow shale; 6 = blue-gray limestone; 7=shaly gray limestone: 8= dense blue-black limestone; 9 = yellow shale; 1o— gray lime- stone and shale; 11=slaty black limestone; 12—chocolate slate; 13—brown shaly sand- stone; 14=yellow shale; 15—buff earthy limestone; 16—=red shale. (Section continued in fig. — NWFUDND NO. I CAMBRIAN FAUNAS OF EASTERN ASIA 55 Fic. 6—17=black limestone; 18= yellow shale; 19=purple-gray limestone; 20= gray limestone; 21 yellow shale and thin limestone; 22—red shale and thin limestone; 23 = green-gray limestone; 24—=red and yellow shale; 25—maroon shale; 26—greenish con- glomeritic limestone; 27 brown shale; 28— buff earthy limestone; 29=— olive-green shale; 30 = cross-bedded green-gray limestone; 31 — olive shale; 32— gray sandy limestone; 33 = hard dark oolite; 34—Jight and dark gray limestone; 35 green shale; 36—dense gray limestone; 37 = green nodular shale and thin limestone; 38 = massive dark limestone. The scale of thickness of figures 5 and 6 is indicated in feet. = Fic. 7 (Blackwelder ).—Ch’au-mi-tién, Shan-tung. Section of Upper Cambrian and Lower Ordovician strata in the ridge east of the village. 1 dense blue-gray limestone; 2—con- glomeritic limestone; 3—=sandy yellow dolomite; 4— white earthy limestone; 5 — buff crystalline dolomite; 6—shaly gray limestone; 7—blue-gray limestone; 8=—slabby yellow limestone; 9 = dense brown limestone. ae SSsss =~ Fic. 8 (Blackwelder). —Yen-chuang, Shan-tung. Section of Kiu-lung formation in Kiu- lung-shan. 1= Man-t’o shales; 2—= dark limestone, partly oolitic; 3 = dense gray limestone; 4=nodular green shale; 5=dense gray limestone; 6=gray shale and slabby limestone ; 7 =thin-bedded dense gray limestone; 8—green calcareous shale; 9—conglomeritic lime- stone; 10==nodular green shale; 11=\- Sp0d|\ ec llodnace Conokephalina .}. x |ladnooe aliageella apo ME al eee 4 lloogul) = >< Eroampyx Fo ohallashes sltosos4|Besellosasl|ooooce oorthis | x lade < x EELOCEPNAlUS) selliceciie| |X ||) XI) XX) IIsternieeis Huenella x (PAP OGIAM slerelelsisie 5}|50b0| Syrabropl tie, 45 asl\tecooccllacoose Beale x AGE ENE, So Goccc : | X foresee | | Gastropoda: | Chee Ae sede solos |9 | ex Scenella ...-+++/..+++- ae |Coaes ee | eet Menocephalus ..|...... Med [eceil ce | seer Straparollina ..|...... | 88" [sonel] SS Miscobbe | Ptychaspis .....|..... x % | x x Pelagiella ......)-.-... J es) Weenbl] cai 28 Atiomocare | ssjesi|eies so |oectciarl|e =i Neveierallt mex Pteropoda: | | | Anomocarella ..|...... x x : ve Hyolithes ...... x x |x | x || Coosia ......+-|..---- x2 Maoasl| SS Meade | ye , y edllosdoes|lmecons Scoal) os ilesoenn Orthotheca ....|...... | x Sexe Hysterolenus | x : | | SSiManiau ree cleperellieteeisisiedlcaetars seve] X | X Spe ualoncds: | i VaLOCE TAG) watetes\|lsie sieleis | reece nH se | alee ehotal number. 2a 18 | 19 | 35 | | | | -FAUNAL PROVINCES OF THE CAMBRIAN IN ASIA Mr. F. R. Cowper Reed’* has given a summary of the geographic distribution of the Cambrian formation in Asia, and called attention to the probability that Frech’s “ Pacific Zoogeographical province ” would need to be subdivided.’ I find that while the Cambrian fauna of the Pacific Province of eastern Asia has a strong generic relation- ship with that of the Rocky Mountain area of western North Amer- ica, yet in each area there is a group of genera that are not found in the fauna of the other area. On this account it seems best to con- sider the Rocky Mountain Province* as a subprovince distinct from the Middle and Upper Cambrian of the eastern Asian subprovince of the same periods. The Lower Cambrian Redliciia fauna of Asia Walcott, C. D. Smithsonian Misc. Coll., Vol. 53, Cambrian Geology and Paleontology, No. 5, 1908, Cambrian sections of the Cordilleran area, pp. 175, 177, 192, 204, 205. ? Reed, F. R. C. Mem. Geol. Survey India, Palzontologia Indica, ser. 15, Vol. 7, 1910, No. 1, The Cambrian fossils of Spiti, pp. 62-70. *Tdem, p. 63. . “Walcott, C. D. Bull. U. S. Geol. Survey No. 81, 1891, Correlation papers, Cambrian, pp. 313-330, pl. 1. 7O SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS VOL. 64 is so distinct that there is no probability of its having lived in the same province with the Mesonacidz fauna of North America: The North American Middle Cambrian fauna is distinctive in having the brachiopod genus Nisusia Walcott and the trilobitic genera Karlia Walcott, Ogygopsis Walcott, Burlingia Walcott, Zacanthoides Walcott, Oryctocara Walcott, and Neolenus Matthew. The Chinese Middle Cambrian fauna has in its upper portion a few genera not known from the North American fauna. These include, as described in this memoir, Damesella, Blackwelderia, Tein- istion, Stephanocare, Drepanura, Shantungia, and Liostracina. The fauna containing the genera mentioned, like that of the genera listed above from North America, belongs to a local fauna that did not obtain a distribution outside of the limited area in which it lived. It could not in either case have developed in the communicating seas in which the greater world-wide and typical fauna of the Middle Cambrian lived. The Upper Cambrian fauna of China, as now known, is essentially the same in its generic aspect with that of western North Amer- ica. This is discussed in the section on The Larger Faunal Hori- zons [pp. 60-69]. A comparison of the faunas in the four local areas of the Cam- brian in Asia shows the presence of three provinces: I. Shan-tung Province (including Manchuria and Shan-si sub- province). 2. Pun-jab Province (including Yun-nan area). 3. Siberian Province. The largest fauna is that of the Shan-tung subprovince. This includes the Cambrian area in Shan-tung and its extension north- ward in Manchuria. The species common to the Shan-tung and Manchuria areas are: Protospongia chloris Teinistion typicalis Micromitra (Iphidella) pan- Stephanocare sinensis nula ophirensts Blackwelderia sinensis Obolus chinensis Damesella brevicaudata Obolus damesi Drepanura premesnili Obolus shansiensis Acrothele matthewi eryx Acrotreta pacifica Acrotreta shantungensis Liostracina krauset Shantungia spinifera Solenopleura agno Solenopleura beroe Hyolithes cybele Orthotheca cyrene Orthotheca delphus Agnostus chinensis Agnostus douvilléi Dorypyge richthofem Anomocare megalurus Anomocare minus Anomocare subquadratum Anomocarella chinensis Anomocarella temenus Dolichometopus deois “NO. I CAMBRIAN FAUNAS OF EASTERN ASIA 71 The Shan-si subprovince* has five species of Middle Cambrian fossils and one Upper Cambrian species common to it and to the southern Shan-tung Province area in Shan-tung, as follows: Lower CH’ANG-HIA FAuNA—Obolus obscurus, Obolus shansiensis, Acro- treta shantungensis, Agnostus chinensis, Crepicephalus damia. Cu’AU-MI-TIEN FAuNA.—Plectorthis kayseri. With the Manchurian extensions of the Shan-tung Province the Shan-si fauna has five species in common, as follows: SHAN-SI AND MAncHuRIA.—Obolus shansiensis, Acrotreta shantungensis, Orthotheca glabra, Agnostus chinensis. In southern China, as previously stated [p. 62], there is no record pointing to a connection between the Punjab-Man-t’o sea and the Lower Cambrian seas of northern Siberia, or western North Amer- ica. The fauna described by M. Mansuy [p. 62] is related to the Man-t’o shale Redlichia fauna of Shan-tung. In Middle Cambrian time, as stated by Reed, the Spiti fauna is more strongly related to that of western North America than to any other Middle Cambrian fauna.” So far as China is concerned, the northern Indian fauna is that of another faunal province. The Cambrian fauna of the Siberian Province includes species that are referred to the Middle Cambrian fauna, and a few that may be tentatively assigned to the Lower Cambrian. Doctor von Tol! has identified a number of genera of the Archzocyathinz * that may occur in the upper portion of the Lower Cambrian terrane. The one species of Coscinocyathus from China, C. elvira Walcott, occurs in the Middle Cambrian, but this is a very small form and may have been a survival in Middle Cambrian time of the large Archzocya- thine fauna of late Lower Cambrian time. In North America the Archeocyathine flourished most abundantly in late Lower Cambrian time * on both the eastern and western sides of the continent. Von Toll lists from the Archeocyathus limestones of Torgoschino,’ in *The geographic distribution of the Shan-tung, Manchuria, and Shan-si Cambrian rocks is shown by Willis: Research in China, Pub. No. 54, Carnegie Institution of Washington, Vol. 2, 1907, Systematic geology, plate 4. * Reed, F. R. C. Mem. Geol. Survey India, Paleontologia Indica, ser. 15, Vol. 7, 1910, No. 1, The Cambrian fossils of Spiti, pp. 64, 65. ® Toll, E. von. Mém. I’Acad. imp. Sci. St. Pétersbourg, 8th ser., Vol. 8, No. 10, 1899, Beitrage zur Kentniss des sibirischen Cambrium, p. 53. *Walcott, C.D. Tenth Ann. Rept. U. S. Geol. Survey, 1890, Pt. 1, The fauna of the Lower Cambrian or Olenellus zone, pp. 599-602, pls. 50-55. ® Toll, E. von. Mém. l’Acad. imp. Sci. St. Pétersbourg, 8th ser., Vol. 8, No. 10, 1899, Beitrage zur Kentniss des sibirischen Cambrium, p. 53. 72 SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS VOL. 64 addition to sixteen species of the Archzocyathinz, two species of trilobites, Dorypyge slatkowskii Schmidt and Solenopleura ? sibirica Schmidt. The species of Dorypyge is quite unlike Dorypyge richtho- feni Dames from the Middle Cambrian of Shan-tung, and the Solenopleura ? sibirica has no representative in the Chinese Cam- brian fauna. He also places Microdiscus lenaicus von Toll in the Lower Cambrian along with the Torgoschino limestone fauna.” I see no objection to this arrangement, but I would place the fauna as of late Lower Cambrian age. This would bring it in point of time in correlation with the Redlichia fauna of the Shan-tung and Pun-jab provinces. The Siberian fauna, however, is that of the lower Cambrian of Australia, Sardinia, and North America. This leads to the conclusion that the Siberian province was quite distinct in Lower Cambrian time from the Shan-tung and Pun-jab provinces, and that, as von Toll so-well states, ‘‘ The Sinio-Siberian sea stood on the one hand in connection with the Pacific-Amercian and on the other with the Atlantic-European.” * In Middle Cambrian time a group of trilobites lived in the Shan- tung sea that I have illustrated on plate 15 under the genera Inouyia and Levisia. Among the species described by von Toll from the limestone on the Lena river is one that appears to come within the genus Levisia. Ptychoparia czekanowskii von Toll* is exceedingly close to Levisia agenor (Walcott) [plate 14, fig. 19]; and Ptycho- paria meglitzkii von Toll * has the broad, swollen anterior limb, broad free cheeks, and conical glabella of some of the Jnouyia [plate 14, figs. 9, 12, 13, 15]. Von Toll describes three species of Microdiscus and Agnostus schmidti from the Lena limestone; also a species of Hyolithes, fragments of a trilobite doubtfully referred to Olenellus, and two brachiopods, Kutorgina cingulata Billings and ? -Obolella cf. chromatica Billings. The general facies of this Lena limestone fauna led von Toll to place it in the Lower Cambrian, but in the absence of forms that are distinctly of Lower Cambrian age there remains a doubt. In any event the fauna is, with the exception of the two trilobites referred to Ptychoparia by von Toll, distinct from the fauna of the Shan- — tung Province. | > Toll, E. von. Mém. !’Acad. imp. Sci. St. Pétersbourg, 8th ser., vol. 8, No. 10, 1899, Beitrage zur Kentniss des sibirischen Cambrium, p. 54. ? Idem, p. 56. >Tdem, pl. 1, fig. I. *Tdem, pl. 1, fig. 2. No. I CAMBRIAN FAUNAS OF EASTERN ASIA 73 The two species of trilobites described by Schmidt from the banks of the Wilui* as Anomocare pawlowskii and Liostracus ? maydelt, are clearly Middle Cambrian forms and comparable with species that I have referred to the genus Anomocarella [plate 19] in respect to their large.eyes and broad glabella, but not in their narrow frontal limb and rounded frontal rim. These trilobites indicate that in Middle Cambrian time there was no direct connection between the Shan-tung and Siberian provinces. BIBLIOGRAPHY The accompanying short Bibliography includes the titles of those publica- tions to which reference is made in this paper. BLACKWELDER, ELtioT. 1907a. Research in China, Pub. No. 54, Carnegie Institution of Washington, Vol. 1, pt. 1, 1907 (Apr.), chap. 2, pp. 19-58: Stratigraphy of Shan-tung. 1907b. Research in China, Pub. No. 54, Carnegie Institution of Wash- ington, Vol. 1, pt. 1, 1907 (Apr.), chap. 5, pp. 85-96: Reconnaissance in southwest Liau-tung. 1907c. Research in China, Pub. No. 54, Carnegie Institution of Washington, Vol. 1, pt. 1, 1907 (Apr.), chap. 12, pp. 265-279: Strati- graphy of the Middle Yang-tzi Province. — 1oo7d. Research in China, Pub. No. 54, Carnegie Institution of Washington, Vol. 1, pt. 2, 1907 (June), pp. 357-507, pls. 52-63: Petrog- raphy and zoology. Burrarp, S. G., and Haypen, H. H. 1908. A Sketch of the Geography and Geology of the Himalaya Mountains and Tibet, pt. 4, 1908, pp. 207-308, pls. 39-50: The Geology of the Himalaya. DAMES, WILHELM. 1883. China, by Baron von Richthofen, Vol. 4, 1883, pp. 1-33, pls. 1 and 2: Cambrische Trilobiten von Liau-tung. DepraT, J. 1912, Mémoires du service géologique de !’Indo-Chine, Vol. 1, 1912 (received late in 1913), fasc. 2, Etude géologique du Yun-Nan oriental, Ie partie, pp. 1-370, pls. 1-20: Geologie générale. Accompanied by Atlas. ErHeripcE, R., Jr. 1896. Proceedings of the Royal Society of Victoria for 1895, new (2d) ser., Vol. 8, 1896 (Apr.), pp. 52-64: The existence of a Cambrian fauna in Victoria. 1905. Transactions and Proceedings and Report of the Royal Society of South Australia, Vol. 20, 1905 (Dec.), pp. 246-251, pl. 25: Additions to the Cambrian fauna of South Australia. Foorp, A. H. 1890. Geological Magazine, London, Decade 3, Vol. 7, 1890 (March and Apr.), pp. 98-106, 145-155, pls. 4-7. Description of fossils from the Kimberley District, Western Australia. 1Toll, E. von. Mem. l’Acad. imp. Sci. St. Petersbourg, 8th ser., vol. 8, No. 10, 1899, Beitrage zur Kenntniss des sibirischen Cambrium, p. 3 74 SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS VOL. 64 GottscHE, C. 1886. Sitzungsberichte der koniglich preussischen Akademie der Wissenschaften zu Berlin, 1886, zw. halb-bd. (June-Dec.), pp. 857- 873, p. 8: Geologische Skizze von Korea. GRONWALL, K. A. 1902. Danmarks Geologiska Undersdgelse, Rekke 2, No. 13, 1902, pp. i-ix, 1-230, pls. 1-5: Bornholms Paradoxideslag og deres fauna. Kayser, F. H. E. 1883. China, by Baron von Richthofen, Vol. 4, Abth. 1, Abh. 2, 1883, pp. 34-36, pl. 3: Cambrische Brachiopoden von Liau-tung. Lorenz, TH. tI904. Centralblatt fiir Mineralogie, Geologie und Palzontolo- gie, 1904, No. 7, pp. 193-194: Ascosomaceae, eine neue Familie der Sipho- neen aus dem Cambrium von Shan-tung. 1905. Zeitschrift der deutschen geologischen Gesellschaft, Bd. 58, 1905: Beitrage zur Geologie und Palzontologie und Palzontologie von Ostasien unter besonderer Beriicksichtigung der Provinz Shan-tung in China, pp. 5-64, 5 supplements, 2 text figs.: I Teil. 1906. Zeitschrift der deutschen geologischen Gesellschaft, Bd. 58, 1906, pp. 53-108, pls. 4-6, and 55 text figures: Beitrage zur Geologie und Paleontologie von Ostasien unter besonderer Berucksichtigung der Prov- inz Schan-tung in China; II: Paleontogischer Teil. Mansuy, H. 10913. Mémoires du service géologique de l’Indo-Chine, Vol. 1, 1912 (received May 8, 1913), fasc. 2, Etude géologique du Yun-nan orien- tal, r1¢ partie, pp. 1-146, pls. 1-25: Paléontologie. Monke, H. 1903. Jahrbuch der koniglich Preussischen Geologischen Lande- sanstalt und Bergakademie zu Berlin, Bd. 23, Hft. 1, 1902, Beitrage zur Geologie von Schan-tung, pp. 103-151, pls. 3-9: 1. Obercambrische Trilo- biten von Yen-tsy-yai. Repiticu, K. A. 1901. Memoirs of the Geological Survey of India, Palzon- tologia Indica, new ser., Vol. 1, No. I, 1901, pp. I-13, pl. 1: The Cambrian fauna of the eastern Salt-Range. REED, F. R. C. 1906. Memoirs of the Geological Survey of India, Palzon- tolgia Indica, new ser., Vol. 2, pp. 1-154, pls. 1-8: The Lower Paleozoic fossils of the Northern Shan States, Burma. ——— 1910. Memoirs of the Geological Survey of India, Palzontologia Indica, ser. 15, Vol. 7, 1910, No. I, pp. 1-70, pls. 1-6: The Cambrian Fossils of Spiti.. RICHTHOFEN, F, von. 1882. China, 1882, Bd. 2, Das Nordliche China, pp. 1-792, pls. 1-8. 1883. China, 1883, Bd. 4, Palzontologischer Theil, 1. Abhand., pp. 31-33, pls. 1, 2: Cambrische Trilobiten von Liau-tung. ScHMipT, Fr. 1886. Mélanges Physiques et Chimiques tirés du Bulletin de VAcadémie impériale des sciences de St. Pétersbourg, Vol. 12, 1886, pp. 407-424, pl. 12, figs. 1-26: Ueber einige neue ostsibirische Trilobiten und verwandte Thierformen. Tate, R. 1892. Transactions of the Royal Society of South Australia for 1892, Vol. 15, pt. 2, 1892 (Dec.), pp. 183-189, pl. 2: Cambrian fossils of South Australia. Toit, E. von. 1899. Mémoires de l’Académie impériale des sciences de St. Pétersbourg, 8th ser., Vol. 10, 1890, pp. 1-57, pls. 1-8, and 9 text figs.: Bei- trage zur Kenntniss des sibirischen Cambrium. Urricn, E. O. 1911. Bulletin of the Geological Society of America, Vol. 22, IQII, pp. 261-680, pls. 25-29: Revision of the Paleozoic Systems. No. I CAMBRIAN FAUNAS OF EASTERN ASIA 75 Watcott, C. D. r1884a. Bulletin United States Geological Survey No. 10, 1884, pp. 1-74, pls. I-to: On the Cambrian faunas of North America: Preliminary studies. 189ra. Tenth Annual Report United States Geological Survey, 1890, pt. I, pp. 509-774, pls. 43-08: The fauna of the Lower Cambrian or Olenel- lus zone. (This report is dated 1890, but was not issued until well along in Io.) 1891b. Bulletin United States Geological Survey No. 81, 1891, pp. 1-447, pls. 1-3: Correlation papers, Cambrian. -_-—— 1899. Bulletin Geological Society of America, Vol. 10, 1899, p. 199: Pre-Cambrian fossiliferous formations. t905a. Proceedings Washington Academy of Sciences, Vol. 7, 1905 (July 24), pp. 251-256: The Cambrian fauna of India. 1905b. Proceedings United States National Museum, Vol. 29, 1905 (Sept. 6), pp. 1-106: Cambrian faunas of China. 1906. Proceedings United States National Museum, Vol. 30, 1906 (May), pp. 563-595: Cambrian faunas of China, paper No. 2. —- 1908a. The Canadian Alpine Journal, Vol. 1, No. 2, 1908, pp. 232- 248, 5 ills., 4 pls.: Mount Stephen rocks and fossils. 1908b. Smithsonian Miscellaneous Collections, Vol. 53, Cambrian Geology and Paleontology, No. 5, 1908 (Dec.), pp. 167-230, pls. 13-22: Cambrian sections of the Cordilleran area. 1910a. Smithsonian Miscellaneous Collections, Vol. 53, Cambrian Geology and Paleontology, No. 6, 1910 (Aug. 12), pp. 231-422, pls. 23-44: Olenellus and other genera of the Mesonacide. 1910b. Smithsonian Miscellaneous Collections, Vol. 57, Cambrian Geology and Paleontology, No. 1, 1910 (Aug. 18), pp. 1-16: Abrupt appearance of the Cambrian fauna on the North American continent. I9QII. Smithsonian Miscellaneous Collections, Vol. 57, Cambrian Geology and Paleontology, No. 4, 1911 (June 17), pp. 69-108, pls. 13-17, text figs. 7 and 7a: Cambrian Faunas of China. 1912. Monographs United States Geological Survey, Vol. 51, 1912, pp. 1-872, pls. 1-104, text figs. 1-76: Cambrian Brachiopoda. 1913. Research in China, Pub. No. 54, Carnegie Institution of Wash- ington, Vol. 3, 1913 (July), pp. 1-276, pls. 1-24, 9 text figs.: The Cambrian faunas of China. Wits, BaAILEy. 1907. Research in China, Pub. No. 54, Carnegie Institu- tion of Washington, Vol 2, 1907 (July), pp. i-v, 1-133, pls. 1-8: System- atic geology. : BLACKWELDER, ELiot and Sarcent, R. H. 1907. Research in China, Pub. No. 54, Carnegie Institution of Washington, Vol. 1, 1907 (Apr.), pt. I, pp. 1-353, figs. 1-65: Descriptive topography and geology. Woopwarp, Henry. 1905. Geological Magazine of London, new ser., Dec. 5, Vol. 2, 1905, pp. 211-215, 251-255, pl. 13: On a collection of trilobites from the Upper Cambrian of Shan-tung, North China. SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS VOLUME 64, NUMBER 2 CAMBRIAN GEOLOGY AND PALEONTOLOGY IN] No. 2.—PRE-CAMBRIAN ALGONKIAN ALGAL FLORA (With Pates 4 To 23) BY CHARLES D. WALCOTT (Pustication 2271) CITY OF WASHINGTON PUBLISHED BY THE SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION JULY 22, 1914 The Lord Baltimore Press BALTIMORE, MD. U. S. A. as CAMBRIAN GEOLOGY AND PALEONTOLOGY Ill No. 2—PRE-CAMBRIAN ALGONKIAN ALGAL FLORA By CHAREES: DD: WALCOTT (WitTH PLATES 4 TO 23) CONTENTS PAGE Misa @ Chen ETO Tee cae orecene et elect eer) eto sacie tos eats ocean cl cca ciara ae lave oyebeTed shoes 79 Acknowledgments .......... SE ct aa ee eee ies ZO) Continental conditions during Nicontant (WUC Sater ek Me teraceas Rai Secucae tai 80 LAS HO pln Stra Pa geseepwec ke toss te ENR NS ate Ce earns eee ae eee ee coats ie etna t eons oe 82 Narnowine totter Gondilleranssea:- seer oe pte ncieais k te an ce 82 Coastalkdepositsse see sxe eee ea ee os Aero Ae ona 83 Cambirianehasalmuncomtonmitys selenite ein eer ee . ss2aseeee Collena’2 frequens Walcott) (plano: ties 3) oo oe oe ene eee 113 Collenia undosa, new species (pl. 13, figs. 1, 2; pl. 14, figs. 1, 2).... 113 Gollema 2ispeciessundetermineds se eiaei4. sae: eee oe eee 114 - Archeozoan acaatense Niatthew) \sccc nosso eee ere eee en eee 114 Camasia. MEW ENS. es.o leurs ens eerie Cee a Eee II5 Camasia spongiosa, new species (pl. 9, figs. 1, 2; pl. 12, figs. 1, 2; pl. 20, HISSs DO) ws oc ge Se ahe ee onwre eis ae OES oe eee TritS Gallatuwas new, enss ena ook. he oa De de ee eee 116 Galldttma pertexa, new species (pl. 23, figs. I, 2)........22.ccsse+ ere 116 ILLUSTRATIONS PLATES FACING PAGE 4. Lake Balls and Layer Deposit (Blue-green algwe)......... 118 5. Lake Ball, Newlandia concentrica, and Newlandia frondosa .......... 120 G. Newlandia: frond asa <5 snes <0 ve wars eats 2 gasses Sees eee eee 122 7x INC WANA a sf FOWd OS Ose Aare a oe emer a te ee ee eee 124 & Newlandig, Frondosa son cach cede Sass ete: 126 9. Camasia spongiosa and Newlandia major ..........2+..+---+eee enon 128 10. Newlandia lamellosa and Collenta ? frequens.............+-+---+0-: 130 11. Weedita tuberosa and Kinneyta simulans: ...- «2.0.02. 0 01-2 one one ee 132 12: \GCOmMaSIaS POWETOSES. Hamre cles «ois diaciso sit ned Cake Ce RRR EEE 134 13; Collenta windOsa: c25 eee tk oad oe oor eo rk UE Oe 136 14; 'Gollenta wun Os dy 2excsclisgncceee tak ee tose eee Cee ACCC Cee 138 15. Collenta occidentale and Collenia compacta. ............0.2.snandeene 140 16. Cryptozoon. proliferum coc coe. dSenttena sa ess navies erase eee 142 17. Greysonta basalticacus ss 522 jarinatis (aes ask nS oe ep eee 144 18, Greysonia basalNCd 2 oon: vivian ca oemee one sac ont ean ek Ree eee 146 19; Copperia tubtformis 2 oi.3s.ncan sees ee cas aioe Hos eet Oe ene - 148 20. Microscopic cells of recent Blue-green alge and their Algonkian rep- resentatives: Newiandia frondosa and Camasia spongiosa .......... 150 21. Helminthoidichnites ? nethartensis, Helminthoidichnites ? spiralis, Helminthoidichnites meeki, Planolites corrugatus, and Planolites su- PELOUS. | cijars, s)accie bye oops O13 oles ae CibIe ee Nel etal ajelsiue Ie ENE ER eee ee eee Se 22: Beltina AGNOt . diaoe. kos ch ake ae ee Re ae ee eee 154 23. (GAMGUMI@LPETLEUG. «/haintos) cis «sree DOR eOn eeee RO OE Ee Cee ere 156 NO. 2 PRE-CAMBRIAN ALGONKIAN ALGAL FLORA 79 INTRODUCTION This is a preliminary paper on a fossil algal flora from the Algon- kian formations of the Cordilleran area of western America. What has been found as yet appears to have been formed through the agency of algz closely allied to the Cyanophycee (Blue-green Algz). The associated fauna as it occurs in the Belt series of Montana is illustrated on Plates 21 and 22. The subject matter is divided into a geologic and a biologic section. The first gives a brief outline of continental conditions and sedimen- tation of Algonkian time, and the second deals with the algal flora and the traces of a contemporaneous aquatic fauna. There are a number of algal forms known to me from the Cam- brian formations that are allied to Cryptozoon and Collenia which will not be referred to further in this preliminary paper on the Cordilleran pre-Cambrian forms. The field of investigation is a large one, however, and promises most interesting results. Acknowledgments.—I am indebted to Mr. M. Collen, who has a ranch on the eastern slope of the Big Belt Mountains south of White Sulphur Springs, for observations on the occurrence of the algal flora in the Newland limestone and Spokane shales. Mr. Collen called my attention to the remarkable forms in the Newland lime- stone, and made a large collection of material for the United States Geological Survey. I have given his name to a genus that occurs in the Spokane shales in recognition of his great interest and for his persevering search to explain the origin and mode of occurrence of the fossil remains that he suspected to be corals. In connection with the search for microscopic characters of the alge, Dr. Albert Mann of Washington took the greatest interest and first discovered cells of the type of those of the Cyanophycee, Blue-green alge (pl. 20, fig. 2), and notwithstanding his many duties made the micrographs of the chains and groups of cells. In the later part of this work he was ably assisted by Mr. Charles Resser of the United States National Museum. Dr. Charles A. Davis of the Bureau of Mines very kindly advised in relation to the recent fresh-water alge and their calcareous deposits and called my attention to the remarkable bank deposits in the lakes of Michigan and New York State. To Dr. John M. Clarke, State Geologist of New York, I am in- debted for a small collection of the Lake Balls from Canandaigua Lake. New York, and the electrotype of plate 106. So SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS VOL. 64 Dr. George T. Moore, Director of the Missouri Botanical Garden, referred me to authors who had written on the deposition of lime and magnesia through the agency of alge, and Dr. M. A. Howe of the New York Botanical Garden sent a number of publications bearing on the coralline alge. I also consulted with Dr. T. Wayland Vaughan, of the United States Geological Survey, and Dr. Austin H. Clark, of the United States National Museum, in regard to the recent calcareous alge. CONTINENTAL CONDITIONS DURING ALGONKIAN TIME The character and structure of the pre-Algonkian formations’ indicate that toward the close of the Archeozoic era a period of world-wide diastrophism ensued, resulting in the receding of ocean waters or in the uplift of the American and all other continental - masses in relation to the oceans. This great change (Laurentic Revolution) was accompanied or followed by local disturbances which produced profound folding and the metamorphism of the pre- Proterozoic complex, with the formation of mountain ranges, up- lands, valleys and lowlands. Two broad continental geosynclines subparallel to the western and eastern coast lines of the North American continent began to form early in Algonkian (Proterozoic) time. When cut off from the outer oceans or while the surface of these great areas was above the level of marine waters, they received terrigenous Algonkian sediments which began to accumulate on river flood plains and other favorable areas, or were deposited in the epicontinental fresh and brackish water seas or lakes that filled the shallow depressions within the area of the geosynclines. The western or Cordilleran geosyncline extended from the vicinity of the head of the Gulf of California northward probably to the Arctic Ocean. In Arizona what is left of the Algonkian period of sedimentation is represented by nearly 12,000 feet (3,658 m.) in thickness of sandstones, shales, and limestones of the Grand Canyon group. In Utah and Nevada sediments forming only sandstone and siliceous shale appear to have gathered, while in Montana there is a develop- *Van Hise and Leith, Monogr. U. S. Geol. Survey, Vol. 52, 1911. Table facing p. 598. Also see map I, accompanying Bull. No. 360, U. S. Geol. Sur- vey, 1900. ‘ NO. 2 PRE-CAMBRIAN ALGONKIAN ALGAL FLORA 8I ment of limestone 4,800 feet (1,463 m.) in thickness in addition to nearly 20,000 feet (6,093 m.) of siliceous and arenaceous beds.’ To the north, the Siyeh limestone has a thickness of 4,000 feet (1,220 m.).’ In western Alberta and eastern British Columbia to about 54° north latitude the Algonkian sediments are much like those of Montana. In the Montana region of greatest accumulation of Algonkian sediments the Cordilleran trough appears to have been filled to such an extent before Cambrian time, possibly by a river delta, that the Cordilleran Cambrian sea, advancing to deposit its sediments, encountered a central barrier * extending out from the eastern side of the trough. From the Cordilleran trough depressions probably stretched east- ward to central Texas, central Colorado, South Dakota, and it may be to the Lake Superior basin.’ Briefly summarized, the Algonkian period in North America with its great epicontinental formations was a time of continental eleva- tion and largely terrigenous sedimentation in non-marine bodies of water, and of deposition by aerial and stream processes in favorable areas. Marine sediments accumulated in the waters along the outer ocean shores of the continent and great quantities of eruptive - matter were extruded into the central Lake Superior region (Ke- weenawan). The agencies of diastrophism continued to exert their influence for a long period, though with decreasing energy, until they became practically quiescent during the latter part of Al- gonkian time. The North American continent was larger at the close of Algon- kian time than at any subsequent period other than possibly at the end of the Paleozoic and the end of the Cretaceous, when the land was equally extensive. Indeed, it is highly probable that its area was greater then than even now, for no marine deposits of Algon- kian age containing pre-Cambrian life, as they were laid down in * Bull. Geol. Soc. America, Vol. 17, 1906, p. 7. *Daly has placed the Siyeh limestone of the Algonkian in the Cambrian, but, in the absence of direct areal stratigraphic relations and all Cambrian fossils in the Siyeh limestone, I do not see my way clear to accept his con- clusions based on lithologic similarity of the Siyeh and the Middle Cambrian limestones of the Bow Valley and Kicking Horse Canyon. Rept. Chief Astronomer for year 1910, Ottawa, 1913, Geol. North American Cordillera, Pt. 1, R. A. Daly, pp. 174-178 and accompanying table. * Smithsonian Misc. Coll., Vol. 53, No. 5, 1908, p. 169. *See map of Van Hise and Leith (Bull. No. 360, U. S. Geol. Survey, 1900, pa) 82 SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS VOL. 64 Lipalian* time immediately preceding the Cambrian period, have been discovered on the North American continent or elsewhere so far as known. Diastrophism.—The most important diastrophic movement within the Cordilleran area in Proterozoic time was the formation and gradual deepening of the great geosyncline extending from the Gulf of Mexico north to the Arctic Ocean. This geosyncline was broader when the Algonkian sediments of the Grand Canyon, Llano, Needle Mountain, Uinta and Black Hills* series were being de- posited than at the beginning of Cambrian time. Indeed, it 1s highly probable that it extended eastward to central Texas, Colorado and South Dakota where a depression connected it across the upper Mississippian region with the Lake Superior depression. Narrowing of the Cordilleran sea—bBefore the Lower Cambrian transgression into the Cordilleran area a diastrophic movement began which resulted in a broad geanticline which raised the areas of the Grand Canyon in Arizona, Needle Mountain in Colorado, Uinta in Utah, the Black Hills of South Dakota, and the present site of the Rocky Mountains, above the horizon of wide sedimentary deposition and subjected the region affected by the uplift to erosion during Lower and Middle Cambrian time. This uplift* narrowed * Smithsonian Misc. Coll., Vol. 57, 1910, p. 14 (footnote). Lipalian (Aera + ads) is proposed for the era of unknown marine sedimen- tation between the adjustment of pelagic life to littoral conditions and the appearance of the Lower Cambrian fauna. It represents the period between the formation of the Algonkian continents and the earliest encroachment of the Lower Cambrian sea. *In this connection the theory of Chamberlin and Salisbury on the cause of the disappearance of the coastal or fringing deposits should be carefully considered by the student. Their conclusion is that “ The theoretical continental fringe of sediments has been borne downward.and thrust landward by each general deformation, and has crept outward and downward with each relaxa- tion. The whole series is to be regarded as present in the continental shelf and the coast border tract, but as largely concealed by this combination of disturb- ing processes. When the great depth of the ocean-basins at the edge of the continental shelf is considered, it is obvious that the volume of sediment required to build the shelf seaward is large in proportion to the extension of the shelf, and hence the fringing zone is not very broad.’ (Geology, Vol. 3, 1906, p. 520.) > Bull. U. S. Geol. Survey, No. 360, 1900, pp. 45, 46. d * This movement began some time before the Lower Cambrian transgression, but how long we have no means of determining, as it is not until the beginning of the Upper Cambrian that we find transgressing Cambrian deposits. It also undoubtedly raised the Sierran geanticline west of the Cordilleran area and kept this barrier intact throughout Cambrian time. NO. 2 PRE-CAMBRIAN ALGONKIAN ALGAL FLORA 83 the Cordilleran sea on its eastern side and kept it out of the area captured until the Upper Cambrian transgression came. From the distribution of the Algonkian formations enumerated above there must have been a revival of the broad geanticline of early Proter- ozoic or late Archeozoic time that initiated the Rocky Mountain line of uplift. The pre-Proterozoic geanticline was largely reduced to base level before the first Cambrian transgression and the late Proterozoic uplift resulted in relatively minor stratigraphic dis- turbance. This is shown by the broad, comparatively low undula- tions of the Algonkian formations subjected to erosion in Lower and Middle Cambrian time. This late Proterozoic movement on the eastern side of the Cordilleran geosyncline was not as great in the Rocky Mountain area of Canada. This is proven by the Lower Cambrian sea having deposited its sediments over the slightly dis- turbed Algonkian Bow River series of Alberta. Coastal deposits——By coastal or shelf sea deposits I mean the deposits made along the coasts of the Pacific or other oceans either in the open ocean or in bays or other bodies of water in immediate connection with the ocean during Algonkian time. As far as known to me there are no known marine continental fringing or slope de- posits or faunas laid down in Algonkian time on or about any of the continents or islands of the world. A great work of the future will be the finding of marine deposits of Algonkian time and their contained life. Cambrian basal unconformity—F rom the Robson Peak region of British Columbia and Alberta to Arizona and southern California, a distance of over 1,000 miles (1,600 km.), clear evidence of a trans- gressing Cambrian sea has been found in many localities, proving conclusively that a general unconformity occurs here between the Algonkian and Cambrian. This marked unconformity is the record of the advancing, overlapping Cambrian sea. Climate-——The presence of great thicknesses of red sandstones and shales in the Algonkian sections of the Grand Canyon and Belt series of Montana suggests an arid and possibly a cold climate. Opposed to this are the great limestone beds which indicate a fair supply of water to form inland seas whose temperature was suffi- ciently high to permit of an abundant growth of alge of a simple type that served as the agency for the precipitation of vast quanti- ties of calcareous matter. The only characterizing fossil of this ‘period, possibly of marine derivation, was a crustacean, Beltina 84 SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS VOL. 64 danai,’ which, like the Atlantic coast lobster (Homarus americanus), might have lived in quite cold water, or adapted itself to warmer, muddy water, when cut off from marine waters. In China a cold period near the close of the Algonkian is sug- gested by the presence of glacial deposits at or below the base of the Man-t’o formation.’ ORIGIN OF ALGONKIAN LIMESTONES The origin of the great pre-Cambrian limestones of western Amer- ica has long been a mooted question and the nature of the concre- tionary-like Cryptozoon has not been so definitely determined as to be accepted by common consent either as an alga or a Stromatoporoid. Twenty years ago I had a number of thin sections made of the matrix and “ fossils ’’ from the limestones of the Chuar terrane of the Grand Canyon series of Arizona * and later of specimens from the Belt series of Montana. Not being able to discover any traces of detailed or minute structure I put the specimens and slides aside for future study. Recently I have had occasion to consider the question of the origin of the magnesian limestones of the Algonkian forma- tions of the Cordilleran area and in this connection to determine if possible whether there was any relation between the so-called Cryp- tozoons and the presence of the great series of limestones. As the thought that the entire Algonkian series of western America were of epicontinental origin was forced upon me, I began to doubt the marine origin of the limestones. It then occurred to me to seek further information from the geologists who have been studying the origin of fresh-water calcareous deposits and the paleobotanists acquainted with the calcareous alge as active agents in secreting and depositing the calcium and magnesian carbonate. The result of these inquiries has led me to the conclusions that the origin of the Cordilleran Algonkian limestones is largely owing to the action of lime-secreting algz and bacteria and that precipitation of calcium and magnesian bicarbonates from a saturated solution is of very rare occurrence and not an important agent of deposition in geologic time and that marine waters are not necessary for the deposition of magnesian limestones. *Bull. Geol. Soc. America, Vol. 10, 1899, p. 239, pls. 25-27. * Willis, Research in China, Vol. 2, 1907, p. 39. ° Cryptozoan ? occidentale Dawson, Bull. Geol. Soc. America, Vol. 10, 1899, pp. 232-234, pl. 23, figs. 1-4. NO: 2 PRE-CAMBRIAN ALGONKIAN ALGAL FLORA 85 Recent calcareous deposits—In discussing with Dr. Charles A. Davis of the United States Bureau of Mines the question of the origin of calcareous deposits in fresh and brackish waters, he called my attention to the Natural History of Marl in volume 8 of the Geological Survey of Michigan.’ Dr. Davis here disposes of the theory that the mineral salts are deposited as the result of certain portions of the lake waters reach- ing the saturation point by showing that the outflow of the lakes is practically the same as the inflow and that the loss by evaporation is too small a factor to be taken into account. He considers the pos- sibility of the plant and animal organisms living in the waters of the lakes being the agents which bring about the results of the deposits of the soluble calcium bicarbonate as the insoluble car- bonate. He shows that the deposits of marl that were largely con- tributed to by Mollusca and other invertebrate shells are of minor importance, and that the commercially valuable calcareous marl de- posits do not contain recognizable shell fragments in any tages ance, usually not to exceed 1.04 per cent. Next, considering the action of plants as precipitating agents for calcium salts, he gives the following two possible general causes for the formation of the lime incrustation upon all aquatic plants: * All green plants, whether aquatic or terrestrial, take in the gas, carbon dioxide, through their leaves and stems, and build the carbon atoms and part of the oxygen atoms of which the gas is composed into the new compounds of their own tissues, in the process releasing the remainder of the oxygen atoms. Admitting these facts, which are easily demonstrated by any student of plant physiology, we have two possible general causes for the formation of the incrustation upon all aquatic plants. If the calcium and other salts are in excess in the water, and are held in solution by free carbon dioxide, then the more or less complete abstraction of the gas from the water in direct contact with plants causes precipitation of the salts upon the parts abstracting the gas, namely, stems and leaves. But in water containing amounts of the salts, especially of the calcium bicarbon- ate, so small that they would not be precipitated if there were no free carbon dioxide present in the water at all, the precipitation may be considered a purely chemical problem, a solution of which may be looked for in the action upon the bicarbonates, of the oxygen set free by the plants. Of these, calcium bi- carbonate is the most abundant, and the reaction upon it may be taken as typical and expressed by the following chemical equation: CaH2(COs)2-+- O =H:0 + CaCO; + COz =O calcium calcium { carbon > 7g — wat “yg carbonate } ees { carbonate ‘lt aes ogo ens "Geol. Survey Michigan, Vol. 8, part 3, 1903, pp. 65-96. * Idem, p. 60. 86 SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS VOL. 64 in which the calcium bicarbonate is converted into the normal carbonate’ by the oxygen liberated by the plants, and both carbon dioxide and oxygen set free, the free oxygen possibly acting still farther to precipitate calcium monocarbonate. He concludes that the alga Chara is the great agent for the con- centration and precipitation of the calcium carbonate, and that the Blue-green algze are also largely concerned in the formation of the massive beds of lake tufa and the calcareous pebbles which show both radial and concentric structure. Dr. Davis describes the pebbles as roughly ellipsoidal in shape, the radial lines shown in the sections [Idem; p. 91] being formed by the growth of the filaments while the concentric lines probably represent periods of growth of the plants either seasonal or annual. -Included within this structure are great numbers of plants, besides the lime-secreting Zonotrichia and considerable numbers of diatoms. These pebbles have quite a wide distribution in the lakes of Michigan, Wisconsin and elsewhere. Those interested should consult Dr. Davis’s paper on the mineral deposition of calcium carbonate through the agency of alge, also Dr. John M. Clarke’s paper on. “Water Biscuit.”~ Dr Clarke kindly sent me specimens of the “ Water Biscuit’ from Canandai- gua Lake. A number of transverse sections were made of these, some of which show a very distinct concentric structure (pl. 14). Dr. Clarke in describing the origin of the “ Water Biscuit” states that :* It is quite clear that the process of formation of these peculiar bodies has been the following, The beach shale and débris have become incrusted by a growth of alge, and the latter, stealing away for their requirements the excess of free carbon dioxide in the water necessary to keep the carbonate of lime in solution, have thus caused a precipitation of the lime salts. The process has been continuous, as when a new precipitation formed a concentric continu- ous deposit of lime carbonate, the new surface became coated with the alge and in consequence fresh precipitation followed. The whole forms a most interesting instance of the influence of plant growth on the formation of lime deposits. At my request Dr. Davis gave me the following notes on the cal- careous deposits in Green and Round Lakes, situated two miles (3.2 km.) southwest of Kirkville, Onondaga County, New York: These lakes are located in a deep valley which is apparently rock walled, with the rocks covered from four to ten feet, apparently, with drift. The walls of the valley are wooded and may be a hundred or more feet high. Green *Which is only very slightly soluble, 100 parts to the million. ? Bull. N. Y. State Mus., No. 39, Vol. 8, 1900, pl. 14, pp. 195-108, pls. 12-15. *Tdem, p. 197. NO. 2 PRE-CAMBRIAN ALGONKIAN ALGAL FLORA 87 Lake is reported to be about 125 feet deep at the deepest part by Mr. C. M. Crouse, of Syracuse, who has sounded it. The rock seen in the ravines at the head of Round Lake was a gray, rather thin-bedded limestone, not much weathered or disintegrated. Fragments of the wall rock are abundant in the drift. The region around the valley, judging from the shape of the hills, is morainal. A considerable stream connects the two lakes and flows out from Green Lake through an artificial, straightened and deepened channel which has been cut through a swamp. This ditch cuts through beds of tough white and rather porous calcareous tufa and beds of loose granular marl. Tufa also appears in great blocks on the sides of the principal ravine leading out from the head of Round Lake near the rock outcrops but none was seen in the lake. In Green Lake considerable spaces along the shore have deposits of tufa which extend out into the lake from the shore for as much as twenty feet, or more in places, forming perpendicular or overhanging sub-aquatic cliffs or terraces. These terraces extend from slightly above the surface, at the stage of water when visited, to below the level to which one can see through the greenish, somewhat turbid water. The terraces are covered, wherever ex- amined, with an incrustation of calcareous marly substance, which shows bluish-green wherever it is freshly broken, especially near the surface. This covering layer is, in general, weakly cemented and friable and is easily scraped from the more consolidated portions which it sometimes covers to the depth of an inch or more. This living layer covers not only the rock, but other substances which are in the water, often coating branches of fallen trees to a thickness of one to two inches, while stumps of trees which are favor- ably located often appear like heads of coral near the water surface. In two places, logs of white cedar (Thuja) were noted which were com- pletely imbedded in the solid faces of the cliff and projected from them. One of these logs passed diagonally through the deposit, appearing both above and below it. In many cases the dead trees and branches form dense mats on sides of the steep wall of the lake below water level and are apparently in the process of being covered with the algal incrustation, as there are thick deposits of the limy matter characteristic of these in many places. It may be that these collections of woody débris form the foundations on which the terraces which have developed have been started. Specimens broken from the underlying tufa show a considerable amount of porosity, but the limestone from the terraces is not friable like the incrus- tation, although apparently of the same origin, since some of the twigs in- cluded in it run through both hard and soft material. The under sides of fragments of the compact rock which lie submerged on the surface of the terraces often appear to have botryoidal structure. The tufa of the terraces is quite different in appearance and apparent origin from that in the valley below the lake. Chara remains are frequent in the tufa of the ditched level, but none were noted in the material forming the terraces, and no Chara was seen in the lake, except in the outlet, and that was but slightly incrusted with lime. The occurrence of the terraces in spots along the lake suggests special reasons for the development of these terraces at certain points, but no such reasons appear from casual examination. A slightly higher level than that at 88 SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS VOL. 64 present held was apparently indicated by a small terrace which appears a foot or 18 inches above the present level of the water, and the limy deposit . was apparently formed at this level as well as at the present one. It was noted that the branches of trees and other drift material which had settled to the bottom of the lake were covered by the incrusting algal deposits as far down as twelve or fifteen feet. These fragments may possibly have rolled down the steep slope after the formation of the incrustation, but of this there was no good evidence visible. If deposition as the result of the activities of the algze went on faster near the water surface, as theoretically it should, since here the plants find most favorable light conditions, the peculiar overhanging form of the terraces might easily result. This type of deposit is what should theoretically result from the work of Zonotrichia, if it grew under very favor- able conditions and in great abundance. It is probable, from the color of the broken fragments, that the alge are responsible for the formation of the whole of these deposits, or for most of them. Further work on the identity of the Blue-green alga most abundant in the spongy calcareous covering of one of the branches which was collected at the time of my visit to the locality shows that the organism is a cellular Blue-green alga, and not a filamentous one like Zonotrichia. This cellular type develops irregular aggregations of rounded or oval, very small cells, which apparently seldom arrange themselves in strings. The genus or species has not been identified. Mr. G. W. W. Barclay, when describing some “ Algoid Lake- balls’ that he found in Loch Kildonan in the Hebrides, states that the balls are from a quarter of an inch to 3 or 4 inches in diameter and lie side by side in great numbers. In some cases a complete small ball is found inside a larger one and the balls while usually spherical may be irregular in shape. He found them composed of innumerable algal filaments, so intertwined and matted together as to form an outer covering of an almost felt-like consistency that is about one-twentieth to two-twentieths of an inch in thickness. The interior seems to consist of mud but the microscope shows that they are composed of a filamentous alga (Cladophora glomerata). The decomposed remains of the inner ends of the filaments are mingled with diatoms, but there does not appear to be any calcareous matter present. Somewhat similar lake balls have also been found in several other European lakes. Mr. A. C. Seward in his “ Fossil Plants” * writes as follows: On the shores of the Great Salt Lake, Utah, there are found numerous small oolitic calcareous bodies thrown up by the waves.* These are coated with the "Proc. Royal Soc., Edinburgh, 1886, Vol. 13, pp. 845-848, pl. XXX. * Cambridge Univ., Press, Vol. 1, 1808, pp. 122, 123. *Rothpletz, A.; Uber die Bildung der Oolithe, Bot. Cent., Vol. 51, p. 265, 1802. NO. 2 PRE-CAMBRIAN ALGONKIAN ALGAL FLORA 89 cells of Gleocapsa and Glw@otheca, two genera of the Chroococcacee. Sections of the grains reveal the presence of the same forms in the interior of the cal- careous matrix, and it has been concluded on good evidence that the alge are responsible for the deposition of the carbonate of lime of the oolitic grains. By extracting the carbonic acid which they require as a source of food, from the waters of the lake, the solvent power of the water is decreased and carbonate of lime is thrown down. In similar white grains from the Red Sea’ there is a central nucleus in the form of a grain of sand, and cells of Chroococcaceze occur in the surrounding carbonate of lime as in the Salt Lake odlite. The analyses of the Michigan Lake deposits show from 2 to 13 ’ per cent of magnesian carbonate, the amount varying with the mag- nesian content of the lake water. The amount of calcium and magnesium carbonate is determined by the amount of the two min- erals available for solution in the rocks and soils of the drainage basin tributary to the pond or lake in which the deposits occur. Algonkian lakes.—The lakes of Algonkian time were not much if any larger in area than the “Great Lakes” of the St. Lawrence drainage basin and they were much shallower and more laden with mud and mineral matter in solution.” The area of the Belt terrane in Montana is about 6,000 square miles. This seems large when studying it in the field, but it is only one-fifth of the size of our great fresh-water Lake Superior.” DEPOSI LION OF LIMESTONE THROUGH THE AGENCY OF AEGAL The drainage into the Algonkian lakes undoubtedly afforded all of the soluble mineral matter necessary to account for the lime- stones, siliceous shales and sodium chloride deposits of the Algon- kian series of formations.” From a study of the water of the principal rivers of the world Sir John Murray compiled the following table, showing the average amount of mineral matter in solution in one cubic mile of average river water. [Scottish Geol. Mag., Vol. 3, 1887, p. 76.] The propor- ‘Walther, J., Die Korallenriffe der Sinaihalbinsel, Abh. math. phys. C. K. Sachs. Ges., Vol. 14, 1888. * Geology, Chamberlin and Salisbury, Vol. 1, 1904, p. 102. ® Lake Superior has an estimated area of 32,060 square miles. It is 400 miles long and 160 miles wide. The combined area of the five great lakes is esti- mated at 94,605 square miles. ‘For the areas of the known Algonkian deposits see plate I accompanying report of Van Hise and Leith on pre-Cambrian Geology of North America, Bull. U. S. Geol. Survey, No. 360, 19009. GO SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS VOL. 64 tionate amount’ have varied in the river waters of Algonkian time, but probably it was essentially similar in composition and larger in quantity. Constituents. Tons ina Cubic Mile. Calcium’ carbonate (CaCO) so ete. c eee EO e Masnesiun carbonate i( MicGOs) eee ee eee 112,870 Calcrum: phosphate*(CasP.02) S42. eee osee 2,013 Calciamssulphate (CaSO) ce ss. c.emerne oe 34,361 Sodium salphate;(NasS@.)i5... e< oss oer 31,805 Potassium:sulphate (K2S@)) £22022: e oe mecnore 20,358 Sodiumienutrates@NaiN@s) materia eee 26,800 Soditumbchiorides@NaGl)iee-e eee eee eee nece 16,657 lithium chionrde a(R ok 2 scion poeeis ane 2,462 Ammonium chloride (NHC), - 052.5. 0. ee ne ae 1,030 Silican€S1@2)) 2 ae atm CPs Ce Bk cate come cl Ferric oxide (Fe. 0; v A Bes at eee Ae eos Bate ae 2 | 13,006 Alumina CAILOs Wercede ott. ok alee ee 14,315 ManganesesoxidemGMVins@s)memeiiciie eeieicientacte 5,703 Oreaniegmatterimane rector eens oe EEL 79,020 Motalvdissolved matter ec... aaae oes 762,587 Many authors have written on the limestone-forming algz that should be referred to in a memoir on the subject, but in this prelim- inary paper on the Algonkian forms of the Cordilleran area only a few will be noticed. In a recent paper on “ The Important Part Played by Calcareous Alge at certain Geological Horizons”’* Professor E. J. Garwood gives a brief historical account of the genera and then discusses the influence of algz in the formation of sedimentary rocks. He mentions the presence of odlites in the Archean and Algonkian rocks.’ Very few traces have been found in Cambrian rocks, but in the Ordovician they become much more abundant. He does not mention the Cambrian genus Cryptozoon. After reviewing the alge of geologic time Professor Garwood concludes that it plays a very important part as rock builders at many different horizons in the geologic series; that certain forms are restricted to definite geologic periods, but that they had a wide geographic range. He calls attention to the constant association of fossil calcareous alge with oodlitic structure and also with dolomite. In regard to the latter he says: * The presence of dolomites in connection with algal growths at different geological horizons appears to show that the beds have accumulated under *Geol. Mag. n. s., Dec. 5, Vol. 10, 1913; pp. 440-446, 490-498, 545-553. *Idem, p. 401. *Tdem, pp. 552-553. NO. 2 PRE-CAMBRIAN ALGONKIAN ALGAL FLORA ~— gt definite physiographical conditions similar to those which obtain to-day in the neighborhood of coral reefs. Such lagoon conditions would tend to come into existence during periods of subsidence or elevation, and this is just what we find when we examine the periods at which these reefs are most persistent. Thus the Girvan Ordovician lagoon-phase occurred during an elevation which culminated with the deposition of the Benan Conglomerate; the Lower Carboniferous “Algal band” in Westmorland was laid down during the subsidence which followed the Old Red Sandstone continental period, while the Upper Girvanella Nodular band occurred when the marine period of the Lower Carboniferous was drawing to a close and a general elevation was taking place. Similar conditions could be drawn from the Gotlandian and other periods recorded above. A table which shows the known occurrence of fossil alge from the Cambrian to the late Tertiary accompanies the paper. A brief paper by Dr. Marshall A. Howe of the New York Botani- cal Garden on “ The Building of Coral Reefs,” * cites a number of writers to sustain his contention that the calcareous algz are the largest contributors to the building of the “Coral Reefs and Islands.” Dr. Howe in summing up on his subject says: With the dominance in reef-building activities resting sometimes with the calcareous alge and sometimes with the corals, and with the Foraminifera and other groups also playing their parts, the problem of determining the “most important” constructive element in the calcium carbonate reefs of the world, ancient and modern, is naturally a most complicated and difficult one, and one that may never be solved to the full satisfaction of those most interested.” As an illustration of the dominance of the lime secreting plants he quotes Prof. J. Stanley Gardiner as follows: The reefs of the Chagos are in no way peculiar, save in their extraordinary paucity of animal life..... However, this barrenness is amply compensated for by the enormous quantity of nullipores (Lithothamnia, etc.) incrusting, massive, mammillated, columnar and branching. The outgrowing seaward edges of the reefs are practically formed by their growths and it is not too much to say that were it not for the abundance and large masses of these organisms, there would be no atolls with surface reefs in the Chagos.* Again he quotes Professor Seward’s summary of the results of J. Walther’s studies of a Lithothamnion bank in the Bay of Naples about 30 m. below the surface of the water: By action of the percolating water the Lithothamnion structure is gradually obliterated, and the calcareous mass becomes a structureless limestone. * Science, n. s., Vol. 35, 1912, pp. 837-842. * Idem, p. 842. * Trans. Linn. Soc. London, Zool., 2d ser., Vol. 12, pp. 177, 178, 1907. Also, Nature, Vol. 72, pp. 571, 572, where a photograph of this Lithothamnion reef is published. 2 Q2 SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS VOL. 64 Walther applies his knowledge of this recent algal deposit to the examination of a Tertiary “ Nulliporenkalk” near Syracuse. In many parts of this forma- tion there occur well-preserved specimens of Lithothamnion, but in others a gradual obliteration is observed of all plant structures until the rock becomes entirely structureless. A similar instance of structureless limestone is de- scribed from the Lias of Todten Gebirges [Todtes Gebirge].* 2 In an interesting paper on the “ Origin of the Bighorn Dolomite ” Dr. Eliot Blackwelder considers the influence of calcareous alge in the deposition of this Ordovician dolomite. After a very clear dis- cussion he concludes that an alga of the type of the modern coralline alga Lithophyllum is the most likely form to have made the struc- ture that is very widely present in the dolomite. The absence of microscopic cells is explained by the crystallization of the dolomite. Of the branching structures he says, “It seems more likely that they represent banks of calcareous algz than any of the plant-like animals.” * One of Dr. Blackwelder’s illustrations (pl. 33, fig. 1) suggests a form allied to Greysonia basaltica (pl. 17, fig. 2; pl. 18, fig. 2) of the Newland limestone. There is to me no apparent reason why the blue-green alge (Cyanophycee) should not have lived in the marine waters in which the Big Horn dolomite was deposited and also reproduced forms allied to those of the Algonkian. This comment is made with the hope that a thorough search will be carried on throughout the Paleozoic group for forms resembling those of the Belt series of limestones. Bacterial deposits—Dr. Alfred G. Mayer in speaking of the work of the late Mr. George H. Drew wrote as follows: * In 1910, Sanford, and also Vaughan, published the conclusion that a consider- able portion of the calcareous muds in the bays and sounds of southern Florida was precipitated out of the sea-water in some unknown manner. It remained for Drew, in IgII, to discover that there is in the warm surface waters of the West Indian and Florida region, and especially in the limestone mud itself, a bacillus which deprives the sea-water of its nitrogen, thus causing the calcium to combine with the dissolved carbon dioxide and to form the finely-divided limestone mud so characteristic of coral-reef regions. Drew isolated this bacillus and found that it became inactive in even moderately cold water, and thus it functions only in warm or tropical seas, thriving best at depths of less than 100 fathoms. In the surface waters of the Bahamas and Florida it is the most abundant marine bacillus. * Gardiner, “ The Fauna and Geography of the Maldive and Laccadive Archi- pelagos,” Vol. 2, pp. 10-26. * Bull. Geol. Soc. America, Vol. 24, pp. 607-624, pls. 28-35. “Idem, p. 624. * Papers from the Tortugas Laboratory, Carnegie Institution of Washington, Wool. 3S etOTARips 15: NO. 2 PRE-CAMBRIAN ALGONKIAN ALGAL FLORA 93 In the paper by Drew ‘“ On the Precipitation of Calcium Car- bonate in the Sea by Marine Bacteria” there are two paragraphs that sum up the results of his work.’ The observations so far available are too few, and the area they cover too small, to attempt to make any broad generalization at present. However, it can be stated with a fair degree of certainty that the very extensive chalky mud flats forming the Great Bahama Bank and those which are found in places in the neighborhood of the Florida Keys are now being precipitated by the action of the Bacterium calcis on the calcium salts present in solution in sea-water. From this the suggestion is obvious that the Bacterium calcis, or other bacteria having a similar action, may have been an important factor in the formation of various chalk strata, in addition to the part played by the shells of Foraminifera and other organisms in the formation of these rocks. Dr. T. Wayland Vaughan has also suggested that the Miami oOlite and other odlitic rocks may owe their origin to the occurrence of some dia- genic change in the precipitate of very finely divided particles of calcium car- bonate produced in this way by bacterial action. If this view as to the forma- tion of chalk and odlite rocks is correct, it would seem probable that these strata must have been deposited in comparatively shallow seas whose tempera- ture approximated to that of tropical seas at the present time... . . As it now stands, the investigation can, at most, be considered to offer a mere indication of the part played by bacterial growth in the metabolism - of the sea. To obtain a real insight into the question, it would be necessary to make more extensive bacterial and chemical observations in tropical, tem- perate, and arctic waters, to study the bacteriology of other areas where calcium carbonate is being precipitated from the sea, and to make further investigations in the laboratory into the chemistry of the reactions that can be brought about by various species of marine bacteria. Dr. T. Wayland Vaughan in discussing the formation of the Floridian and Bahaman odlites before the Geological Society of Washington said :* The studies of Dall, Sanford, and the author, in association with Geo. C. Matson, led to the opinion that the finely divided calcium carbonate oozes so abundant in Florida waters are chemical precipitates. Drew showed in 1911 that denitrifying bacteria are an important agent in effecting this precipitation in Florida waters; and in 1912 he extended his researches to the Bahamas, where he found them enormously abundant and active, as many as 160,000,000 being found in 1 cc. of surface mud on the west side of Andros Island. Rainey, in 1858, Harting, in 1871, and Linck, in 1903 (and perhaps others), showed that calcium carbonate precipitated by an alkali forms spherulites; and Drew noted a similar tendency of the calcium carbonate precipitated on his cultures. Murray and Irvine showed that at higher temperature chemically precipitated calcium carbonate is of the aragonite form : Papers from the Tortugas Laboratory, Carnegie Institution of Washington, Vol. 5, 1914, Dp. 44. ? Journ. Washington Acad. Sci., Vol. 3, 1913. p. 302-304. 94. SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS VOL. 64 Although there is need for additional study of the factors that accelerate, retard, or inhibit the formation of spherulites and the growth of the grains, the empirical facts in the process of the formation of the Floridian and Bahaman o6dlites are demonstrated. They are as follows: (1) Denitrifying bacteria are very active in the shoal waters of both regions and are precipitating enormous quantities of calcium carbonate which is largely aragonite; (2) this chemically precipitated calcium carbonate may form spherulites which by accretion may become odlite grains of the usual size, or it may accumulate around a variety of nuclei to build such grains..... Drew’s unfortunately incompleted studies of the distribution of denitrifying bacteria have shown them to be the most prevalent in the shoal-waters of the tropics. They therefore conform to the principles enunciated by Murray for the distribution of lime secreting organisms. By combining the results of Drew and Murray, the deduction seems warranted that great limestone formations, whether they be composed of organic or of chemically pre- cipitated calcium carbonate, were laid down in waters of which at least the surface temperatures were warm, if not actually tropical. Application.—The limestones of the Newland formation have more or less magnesian content, but many of the layers are pure limestone especially those containing the reefs or banks of alge. The specimens of algze are usually magnesian and siliceous which accounts for the weathering in relief, and the ease by which they are brought into relief by the solution of the limestone in weak hydrochloric acid. The purer limestones are of considerable vertical thickness and their distribution indicates bodies of water several thousand square miles in area. The banks or reefs of algal deposits make a small percentage of the total mass of limestone, but if we assume, as I think we may, that the Bacteria were active agents in the deposition of the soluble bicarbonate of lime in the Algonkian waters, a plausible explanation is found for the occurrence of the homogeneous limestones of the Algonkian in which no traces of fossils have been found. The presence of a well-developed Blue-green algal flora in the Algonkian limestones prepares one for the view that the-still more primitive Bacteria were in existence and at work in the epicontinental Algon- kian waters. Dr. Clement Reid in an article on Palzeobotany states that: the first evidence for the existence of Palzeozoic Bacteria was obtained in 1879 by Van Tieghem, who found that in silicified vegetable remains from the Coal Measures of St. Etienne the cellulose membranes showed traces of subjection to butyric fermentation such as is produced at the present day by Bacillus Amylobacter; he also claimed to have detected the organism itself. Since that time a number of fossil Bacteria, mainly from Paleozoic strata, have been described by Renault, occurring in all kinds of fossilized vegetable and SEncy bint i itheedss Volw 20:5 Loni apassese NO. 2 PRE-CAMBRIAN ALGONKIAN ALGAL FLORA 95 animal débris. The supposed Micrococci present little that is characteristic; the more definite, rod-like form of the Bacilli offers a better means of recog- nition, though far from an infallible one; in a few cases dark granules, sug- gestive of endospores, have been found within the rods. On the whole, the occurrence of Bacteria in Paleozoic times—so probable a priori—may be taken as established, though the attempt to discriminate species among them is probably futile. It may be that traces of bacteria will be found in the Algonkian limestones when the investigations now planned are carried to completion. ‘ The carbonaceous matter in the dark Newland limestones is shown by the black, floculent residue that accumulates when a fragment of limestone is dissolved in hydrochloric acid, and in the field by the bituminous odor given off when the rock is struck with a heavy hammer. The carbonaceous matter of the Bacteria and Algz was probably the source of that occurring in the limestone. MAGNESIAN LIMESTONES The presence of thick deposits of magnesian limestone in the Algonkian, leads to the conclusion that the magnesium content of Algonkian river and epicontinental bodies of water was not far from what # is to-day. Dr. Stuart Weller asks the question, “ Are the Fossils of the Dolomites indicative of Shallow, highly Saline and Warm Seas?” * He compared the faunas of the dolomitic Galena formation of the upper Mississippi region with that of the Trenton limestone of the eastern or Atlantic region. He concludes that from these comparisons there is no evidence whatever for concluding that the life conditions in the Galena sea were in any respect different from those of the basins which are now repre- sented by purely calcareous sediments. There is no single characteristic of the fauna which would suggest that the waters were more saline, warmer, or shallower that the seas in which, for instance, the Trenton limestone of the East or the Kimmswick limestone of southern Illinois and Missouri were deposited. It is ordinarily. conceded that an intensification of the salinity of sea waters produces a depauperation of the faunas, but the fauna of the Galena is notably composed of the larger and more robust forms, probably because the smaller and more delicate shells have been obliterated by sec- ondary chemical changes in the sediments.” His summary is that,” in conclusion, it may be stated from the evidence of the fossils alone there seems to be no reason for assuming that our widespread dolomitic * Bull. Geol. Soc. America, Vol. 22, I9II, p. 227. * Idem, pp. 229-230. °Idem, p. 231. g6 SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS VOL. 64 formations of Paleozoic age have been deposited under conditions which are notably different, as regards salinity, temperature, or depth, from those under which non-magnesian formations, either argillaceous or calcareous, have been laid down. Chemical geologists are almost unanimously agreed that in general the dolomitization of limestone is a secondary process, and the paleontological evidence, so far as it is available, seems to substantiate that view. Formations now dolomite were in all probability originally deposited as limestones, and have been altered to dolomites since their original deposition, while other beds entirely similar in original condition have not been modi- fied, but persist to the present time as true limestones. Thus far my observations have led to practically the same con- clusion for the Algonkian and Cambrian magnesian limestones. There was in all probability a small percentage of magnesian salts deposited through the agency of Bacteria and Alge in the epiconti- nental Algonkian sediments, but it was a secondary process that produced the limestones with a high percentage of magnesia. Definition of magnesian limestone and dolomite——In response to my request Mr. E. F. Burchard, of the United States Geological Survey, sent the following note on magnesian limestone and dolo- mite. I think it would be well if some such classification of the magnesian rocks could be generally accepted, as the term dolomite has been very loosely used in geologic literature: Ss Magnesian limestone-—Magnesian limestone is limestone containing mag- nesium carbonate in any quantity up to 45.65 per cent. The majority of mag- nesian limestones carry either a small percentage or a high percentage of magnesium carbonate, although there are many deposits that are intermediate in composition. Dolomite-——Dolomite is a mineral composed of the double carbonate of calcium and magnesium (CaCO;-MgCO;). It contains 54.35 per cent CaCO; and 45.65 per cent MgCO:. In practice, magnesian limestone, con- taining 20 per cent or more of magnesium carbonate generally has been called dolomite, but it would be preferable if magnesian limestone could be distinguished as “ low magnesian”’ and “ high magnesian,” restricting the term dolomite to rock containing nearly, if not quite, the theoretical quantity of magnesium carbonate necessary to combine with the calcium carbonate in the proportions given above, or in the ratio of 1:1.19. The mineral dolomite in places form rock masses, in which the crystals of dolomite can be dis- tinguished. In some rocks these crystals make up a large proportion of the beds, and on weathering, the rock crumbles to a sand composed of dolomite crystals. Rock and sand of this character are common in southwest Wisconsin near the junction of Wisconsin and Mississippi rivers. The texture of magnesian limestone and so-called dolomite is commonly rather rough and moderately coarse on weathered surfaces. In the formation of magnesian limestone and dolomite, magnesium carbo- nate is believed to have replaced calcium carbonate, either while the beds were being deposited in the sea, or after the beds become part of the land surface. NO: 2 PRE-CAMBRIAN ALGONKIAN ALGAL FLORA Q7 The degree of replacement is variable, and ranges from less than one per cent to 43.65 per cent, although most commonly found to be either low or high. Limestone containing a higher percentage of magnesium carbonate than true dolomite may be termed “super-magnesian”’ limestones, and if all the calcium carbonate is replaced by magnesium carbonate the rock becomes magnesite. This process of replacement is known as dolomitization, and is accompanied by contraction or shrinkage of about 12.3 per cent* of the volume of the original limestone. This contraction is believed to produce porosity in the rock under conditions where the pressure is not sufficiently great to close the pores of the rock. Tae, BIOTIC “RECORD The fauna—The biotic record and character of the Algonkian rocks included in the Grand Canyon, Llano, and Belt series of the Cordilleran region, and in formations correlated with them,’ prove that the marine waters of the extra-continental seas very rarely had access to the epicontinental seas and lakes in Algonkian time. Such connection appears to have been established in mid-Beltian time when at least a crustacean, and a few annelids penetrated into and became adapted to the conditions of the Montana-Alberta sea, and more or less similar forms to the Arizona sea.” Other and different forms may have lived in these and other interior bodies of water, but as yet we have no knowledge of them. The vertical range of the small Beltian (Algonkian) fauna 1s limited to a few hundred feet of strata in the Cordilleran area, a fact which tends to demonstrate that the environment was not favor- able to its development and survival for any considerable period. The most satisfactory explanation of the absence of a character- istic marine life in Algonkian deposits is the probability that all the known rocks of Algonkian time are of non-marine origin and hence could not have had the opportunity to embed a marine fauna except as few marine species gained access to the epicontinental seas and quickly disappeared. The existence of a large and varied marine life (Lipalian) in the extra-continental pre-Cambrian seas is inferred from the occurrence of a highly organized and varied fauna in Lower Cambrian time in both the Cordilleran and Appalachian geosynclines. The worldwide distribution of the Lower Cambrian fauna also indicates the great antiquity of the fauna from which it was derived. ‘Van Hise, C. R., A treatise on metamorphism; U. S. Geol. Survey, Monogr. 47, 1904, p. 806. ? Bull. U. S. Geol. Survey, No. 350, 1900, pp. 42-46. * Bull. Geol. Soc. America, Vol. 10, 1899, pp. 199-244. 98 SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS VOL. 64 The practically entire absence of the types of the Cambrian fauna from all Algonkian rocks not only on the North American continent but all continents is so significant that ‘it is to me very strong evidence that there was no sustained connection between the great oceans swarming with a highly developed invertebrate life and the epicontinental hodies of water in which the Algonkian limestones and shales were deposited. The fauna of the Lower ? Huronian of Steeprock Lake, western Ontario, was presumably derived from a marine fauna and possibly lived under brackish-water conditions. The principal species of the Steeprock Lake pre-Cambrian fauna, Atikokania lawsoni, is prob- ably a spongoid of a rather advanced stage of development, although it suggests the Archzeocyathine. We are here given a glimpse of a fauna that existed near the base of the (Algonkian) Proterozu-c and which must have had its beginnings in Archeozoic time. It further indicates the presence of a sufficient supply of calcareous matter in this inland water to form its skeleton and also a massive limestone deposit in which its remains now occur. This also implies calcareous beds in the great unknown Lipalian deposits of marine waters on the borders of the continents. The recognized animal life includes several species of annelids and one large species of crustacean that occur in the Greyson shales just above the Newland limestone. This fauna is illustrated in plates 21 and 22 of this paper. It was described along with doubt- ful forms from the Grand Canyon series in 1899.’ Algal deposits ——The presence of an abundant algal flora is proven by thick layers formed of the remains of Collenia (Cryptozoan* in former reports) in the Grand Canyon section where representatives of the genus occur in limestones separated by 1500 feet (460 m.) of intervening strata. In the Camp Creek section of Montana Collenia was found to range up through 2,500 feet (760 m.) of strata." In the Blackfoot series the vertical range is over 2,800 feet (850 m.). In 4 of the section fine specimens of Collenia two feet (0.6 m.) and more in diameter occur in beds 3 feet (1m.) thick.” These and beds near the Lewis and Clark Pass are reefs formed by calcareous alge. * Appendix to Memoir No. 28, Geol. Survey, Canada, 1912, p. 4. * Bull. Geol. Soc. America, Vol. 10, 1899, pp. 232-230. *T do not know a true Cryptozo6n older than the Cambrian fauna. * Bull. Geol. Soc. America, Vol. 17, 1906, pp. 4-5. ° Idem, p. 6. NO. 2 PRE-CAMBRIAN ALGONKIAN ALGAL FLORA 99 The Newland limestone of the Belt series is about 2,000 feet (630 m.) in thickness and the algal forms are reported by Collen as occurring in it from base to summit. These include Newlandia, Greysonia, Camasia, etc. Collenia is abundant in the Spokane shales 3,000 to 4,000 feet (960 to 1200 m.) above the Newland limestone. The preceding examples prove that the algal forms extend through several thousand feet of strata and that they are so abundant as to form reefs or banks of fossil alge in the section. Stratigraphic position—As the principal groups of fossils occur in the Beltian series of formations the typical section is introduced here and the position of the genera indicated as they occur in the several formations. The section is one obtained during a re- connaissance of the Belt Mountains in 1898. The thickness assigned to the various formations is based on fairly careful reconnaissance estimates.” . SECTION OF BELT SERIES Cambrian—Flathead sandstone. FEET Unconformity Miarsiies ales sas .56 seit at 300 Helena limestone ......... 2,400 Fimipinershaleswem sarees sie 600 Spokane shales............ 1,500-—-Collenia undosa Greyson shales? + 5.22.45 3,000 Anneli trails, 5 spp. Beltina dana Newlandia concentrica Newlandia frondosa Newlandia lamellosa Newlandia major Newland limestone ....... 2,0004 Camasia spongiosa Weedia tuberosa Kinneyia simulans Greysonia basaltica — Copperia tubiformis Chamberlain shales ....... 1,500 iINeihant«sandstone ss. .... 700 12,000 Unconformity Archean complex * Bull. Geol. Soc. America, Vol. 10; 1899, pp. 201-215. 100 SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS VOL. 64 The fauna of the Greyson shales occurs toward the base of the formation. Collenia undosa is found at many horizons in the Spo- kane shales, and the Newland limestone alge are reported by Mr. M. Collen to occur throughout the section of that formation on the eastern slope of- the Big Belt Mountains. THE ALGAE FLORA The algal flora of the Algonkian and the Cryptozoon-like species from the Cambrian and later formations are now considered to have been deposited through the agency of alge similar in type and activity to the (Cyanophycee) Blue-green Algz. No traces have been seen of the fine stems of the alge but single cells and strings of cells have been found with a magnification of 260 diameters. In the fresh-water lakes of the present time the Blue-green alge form a thin felt-like layer over some object either minute or large as the case may be. As the under side of this layer dies the outer surface sends the delicate slender stems out into the water until these in turn become twisted and matted together and added to the inner layer. If there is bicarbonate of lime or magnesia in the water a portion is taken up by the algz and deposited in the labora- tory existing in the matted portion of the inner layer and added to the thin layer of calcareous matter. The result is shown in sections of “ Lake Balls” illustrated by the figures on plate 4. Some genera and species of the alge build up concentric forms like those shown on plate 4, while others build up sponge-like masses that form solid beds along the shore or in shallow portions of the lake (pl. 4, fig. 4). The examination of a large series of the Algonkian and Cambrian algze illustrated in this paper fails to disclose any traces of internal structure (except miroscopic cells) such as occurs in most of the marine alge (Corallinacez, Characea, etc.), but nearly all have a distinct structure resulting from the deposition of calcium carbonate in certain definite forms. This may be the simple concentric lami- nation of Collenia (pl. 13), the more complicated Newlandia (pl. 6), or the elongate cellular pipe-like Greysonia (pl. 17). Comparison of recent Blue-green alge deposits and those of Al- gonkian time.-—On comparing the sections of the “ Water Biscuit” (pl. 4) with sections of Collenia (pl. 13) from the Spokane shales of the Belt series of Montana, a striking similarity in their structure is seen. Both are formed of concentric laminations without any apparent structural connection between them as the interspaces are filled in with irregular granulations without any particular method of arrangement. NOL 2 PRE-CAMBRIAN ALGONKIAN ALGAL FLORA IOI The mode of growth of the recent and ancient forms has many points in common. The ‘“‘ Water Biscuit’ are found on the muddy or sandy lake-bottom; in some places quite abundant and in others more scattered. The specimens of Collenia from the Spokane shales occur embedded in a very fine arenaceous shale, sometimes in great numbers. That they were formed on the muddy bottom of a body of water which was shallow, is shown by the presence of ripple marks and sun cracks at various horizons in the shales. The speci- mens of Collenia vary in size from the size of a mustard seed up to a foot or more in diameter, and usually occur with the flattened or hollow side downward. They may be scattered about singly or in groups or attached to each other so as to form a mass of calcareous nodules. There is considerable siliceous matter occurring in the laminations of Collenia and also dolomitic partings between the laminations of growth although all openings in the original specimen are now filled with a dark bluish-gray limestone. Another case of resemblance between a deposit made by Blue- green alge and the Algonkian fossil alge is seen by comparing a section of a fragment of a large deposit in a fresh-water lake in Michigan (pl. 4, fig. 4) with a section from the Belt terrane that I have named Camasia spongiosa (pl. 12). From the fact that the recent laminated lake balls and layer de- posits were largely deposited through the agency of Blue-green alge, it is probable that the same simple types of algz were the active agents in depositing the forms described in this paper under the generic names of Collenia, Newlandia, Camasia, Kinneyia, Weedia, Greysonia, and Copperia. The finding of single cells and chains of cells with Camasia spongiosa is a most important factor in establishing the presence of the (Cyanophycee) Blue-green algz- like forms in connection with the Algonkian forms listed above. Mode of growth—In the absence of sticks of wood, stones and other solid objects upon which to start their growth, as do the modern Blue-green alge, the Algonkian forms evidently started and built up their structures on bits of hardened mud and often on fragments of algal deposit broken up by current or wave action. Most of the forms spread out along the surface of the muddy bot- tom until they were buried beneath an influx.of ooze or mud that filled all the cavities and channels in the algal deposits. In the Newland limestone specimens the filler was a fine calcareous mud, and in those from the Spokane shale an argillaceous mud. One of 102 SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS VOL. 64 the undecided questions is the stopping of growth at the top of each layer of limestone. Why some of the stronger forms did not extend above the level top surface of the layer in which they are found, it is difficult to conjecture. It may be that a strong current swept away the smaller pieces and filled in the interspaces among the larger forms. It is planned to give attention during the field season of 1914 to the occurrence of the large masses in the Newland limestone with special reference to their mode of growth. Mineral composition—A compact specimen of Camasia spongiosa with very small opening into which the calcareous mud could pene- trate gave the following result as determined by Dr. Edgar T. Wherry of the United States National Museum: Oxides (CE Oh eee mcr so meats 40.52 NIG Op bo. AA Aces © apeesrac 1.15 CO + TSO. Sissy civ vores 33.38 Fe.O; + ALO: 3.72 SiO BGA omoduacace ocr 21.08 99.85 An analysis of a second specimen from which the calcareous matter deposited within the cellular openings had been removed by solution in hydrochloric acid gave the following: Oxides Ca Owecteers sh. c tertebees 10.88 Ged COARSE ate oer oe 0.27 CO; =F HO) 2 dic maas 10.20 FeO; -+ AlLOs ....... 10.22 SiO eee ee amen 68.32 99.89 The second analysis may be taken as indicating the present min- eral composition of the deposit made by the alge. What its origi- nal composition was cannot well be determined as there has evi- dently been a large replacement by silica unless there was some unrecognized siliceous sponge associated with it that furnished the silicia. Microscopic structure—Being fairly well convinced from the comparison of “ Lake Balls” and other recent massive calcareous NO. 2 PRE-CAMBRIAN ALGONKIAN ALGAL FLORA 103 fresh water deposits with Newlandia, Camasia, Collenia and Crypto- zoon, that water plants similar to the Blue-green alge were the agents that built up the fossil algal flora of the Algonkian, I asked my friend Dr. Albert Mann, the microscopist, if he would not study thin sections of the rock in which the specimens occur, also the resi- dual mud resulting from the dissolving of the algal limestone by hydrochloric acid. He very kindly consented, and soon found in the residual material many single cells and groups of cells such as occur in the recent Chroococcacez (pl. 20, fig. 5) and rows of cells similar to those of the recent Nostocacez. A row or chain of cells derived from Camasia spongiosa is shown by figures 2-4, plate 20. Figure 4 is from an untouched photograph (x 350). Owing to the chain or filament not being in the same plane from end to end many of the cells are not in focus in figure 4. In order to correct this the entire series of cells have been out- lined in figure 2, and in figure 3 this is further enlarged so as to show the outline of the cells. The same conditions exist in a chain of cells in a filament of a recent Blue-green alga, Schizothrix, from the surface of a calcareous deposit in Green Lake, New York. Figure 8 is from an untouched photograph, and figure 8a shows the full length of the chain. The chain represented by figures 2-4 is embedded in a very thin plate of opal-like silica. Figure 5 represents a cluster of round cells (x 350) with their outline strengthened, and figure 5a as they appear in the untouched photograph. A group of longitudinally arranged cells is shown by figure 6a, and in the untouched photograph represented by figure 6. A group or chain of cells of a recent, calcareous depositing Blue- green alga is shown by figure 7 (x 1,200). This may be compared with figure 3 from Camasia spongiosa of the Newland limestone. A number of very thin opal-like siliceous plates show minute tubes such as are illustrated by figure 1. These appear to be of organic origin and may represent minute tubes similar to those found in some genera of Blue-green alge. Bacteria.—Although the existence of Bacteria in Algonkian time has not been demonstrated from the observations already given (pp. 92-94) ; it is quite probable that the Bacteria were a most important factor in the deposition of the Algonkian limestones. . Classification.—For the purpose of grouping the various forms of the algal flora of the Algonkian the following classification is made from external form. 104 SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS VOL. 64 Massive—Cellular—Camasia spongiosa f Cryptozoon and its allies ? Newlardia concentrica 5 Weedia tiberosa Collenia undosa L Collenia compacta Semispheenicall j...-2 0. ( Newlaundia frondosa Miawalletora | Newlandia lamellosa eee") Newlandia major ( Kinneyia simulans ( Greysonia basaltica ‘Babitogm: satan eee: ec 1 Copperia tubiformis All of the genera and species are based on the variation in form, as it is impossible with the data now available to determine the genera or species of the Cyanophycez that built up the widely dif- fering forms described in this paper. They all agree in not having the structure of the higher algz, Corallinacez, etc. All appear to have been deposited as successive layers, the inner and older layers serving as a foundation on which the younger filaments grew in variously arranged forms. In the absence of the identification of the actual alge that built up the structure found in the fossil state, a purely artificial classification has been adopted that includes a num- ber of new generic and specific names as given above. DESCRIPTION OF GENERA AND SPECIES NEWLANDIA, new genus More or less irregular semispherical or frondlike forms built up of concentric, subparallel, subequidistant thin layers that may be con- nected by very irregular, broken partitions. Cenotype.—N ewlandia frondosa, new species. Stratigraphic range-—Lower portion of Newland limestone. Geographic distribution—Eastern slope of Big Belt Mountains, Montana. Observations—The compact, semispherical forms of Newlandiu have regular concentric laminations that recall the laminated struc- ture of some forms of Collenia and Cryptozoon. They differ in having more regular and broader interspaces devoid of the fine lami- nations so characteristic of Cryptozoon. It is not improbable that Newlandia concentrica (pl. 5, figs. 2, 3) may ultimately be found to be identical with the concentric forms of N. frondosa (pl. 5, fig. 4; pl. 6, figs. 1, 2; pl. 7), but with the specimens now available for NO. 2 PRE-CAMBRIAN ALGONKIAN ALGAL FLORA 105 study the semispherical forms are considered as representing a dis- tinct species. Newlandia frondosa (pl. 6) illustrates both the lami- nated and coarsely cellular form of growth. Some of its fronds are two feet (60 cm.) or more in diameter with a thickness of 4 inches (10 cm.) or more. The species referred to Newlandia are: Newlandia concentrica Walcott (pl. 5, figs. 2, 3) Newlandia frondosa Walcott (pl. 5, fig. 4; pls. 6-8) Newlandia lamellosa Walcott (pl. 10, figs. 1, 2) Newlandia major Walcott (pl. 9, fig. 3) NEWLANDIA CONCENTRICA, new species Plate 5, figs. 2, 3 Semisphezerical bodies, built up of concentric layers of irregular thickness that appear to be attached at the base of each cup-shaped concentric layer, and also by irregular projections from the surface of the layers. The layers are perforated to a greater or less extent by irregularly shaped and located small openings. The thickness of the layers varies from 0.5 cm. or less to 2 or 3 mm. The largest individual specimen has a transverse diameter of 9 cm. with a depth of 1.5 cm. A smaller specimen has a depth of 3 cm. These meas- urements are not very important as the specimens have evidently been somewhat crushed down. Observations.—The concentric form of growth of this species is much like the concentrically arranged layers of the nucleus of some of the specimens of N. frondosa. It differs in having interspaces between the layers and in its more regular form. The growth appears to have been about a nucleus around the base of which successive layers were built up. It is anticipated that future collections will afford the material for a more detailed description. Formation and Locality—(400c) Algonkian, Beltian series ; New- land limestone; eastern slope of Big Belt Mountains, 8 miles (12.8 km.) west of White Sulphur Springs, at forks of Birch Creek, Meagher County, Montana. NEWLANDIA FRONDOSA, new species Plate 5, fig. 4; plate 6, figs. 1-3; plate 7, figs. 1, 2; plate 8, figs. 1-3 Large frond-like forms built up of thin layers that may have a laminated arrangement (pl. 7) or a combined coarse cellular and laminated structure (pl. 6). The large fronds appear to have 106 SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS VOL. 64 started from a central section and increased in size by the addition of thin layers that are more or less parallel to each other. The number of layers may also increase by intercalating layers that are attached at their points of origin to one of the adjoining layers. The lower side of the frond-like forms usually has an irregular skin-like layer that served as a base for the coarse, sponge-like and laminated growth above. The additions to the base and to the body above were made in more or less irregular, concentric lines. An imperfect series of connecting radial structure is shown by figs. I and 2, plate 7, and fig. 1, plate 8. How the various forms grew by accretion and why their upward growth was limited is discussed in the introduction under Mode of Growth (p. 101). Specimens of this form attain a large size. Some in the collec- tion indicate a diameter for the entire body of from 2 to 3 feet (60 to 80 cm.) with a thickness of 4 inches (10 cm.) or more. Formation and locality—(4ooc) Algonkian, Beltian series: New- land limestone; eastern slope of Big Belt Mountains, 8 miles (12.8 km.) west of White Sulphur Springs, at forks of Birch Creek, Meagher County, Montana. NEWLANDIA LAMELLOSA, new species Plate 10, figs. I, 2 Layers forming the body and interspaces much narrower and more regular than those of N. frondosa. The form of growth in flat, frond-like bodies was much like that of N. frondosa. The largest fragment in the collection has a length of 23 cm. and a thickness of 3.5 cm. This form differs from Kinneyia simulans in the greater regu- larity of its layers, and from other species of Newlandia by the fine, closely arranged layers. Formation and locality—(400c) Algonkian, Beltian series: New- land limestone; eastern slope of Big Belt Mountains, 8 miles (12.8 km.) west of White Sulphur Springs, at forks of Birch Creek, Meagher County, Montana. NEWLANDIA MAJOR, new species Plate 9, fig. 3 This species is founded on a fragment of a large frond-like body. It has a length of 27 cm. and a depth of 8cm. The layers forming the body are very thin and separated by interspaces much wider NO. 2 PRE-CAMBRIAN ALGONKIAN ALGAL FLORA 107 than in other species. The two fragments known indicate a greater diameter and thickness than for any other species of the genus. Formation and locality—(4o0o0c) Algonkian, Beltian series: New- land limestone; eastern slope of Big Belt Mountains, 8 miles (12.8 km.) west of White Sulphur Springs, at forks of Birch Creek, Meagher County, Montana. KINNEYIA, new genus Body built up of thin, subparallel layers separated by narrow intervals that are not much greater than the thickness of the layers forming the body. This form differs from Newlandia in its finely laminated arrange- ment of its layers and interspaces and the marked bifurcation of the layers forming the body. Genotype.—Kinnevyia simulans, new species. As far as known the geographic distribution and the stratigraphic range are the same as for Nevwlandia. KINNEYIA SIMULANS, new species Plate smi, tres 3 There are several specimens of this species that have the char- acters shown by fig. 3, of plate 11, which is the upper etched surface of a block 22 mm. in thickness down through which the layers form- ing the body extend almost vertically. The layers of some of the specimens are a little coarser than those represented by fig. 3, plate II, but they have the same character. The mode of growth was probably much like that of Newlandia frondosa. Formation and locality—(4o0oc) Algonkian, Beltian series: New- land limestone; eastern slope of Big Belt Mountains, 8 miles (12.8 km.) west of White Sulphur Mountains, at forks of Birch Creek, Meagher County, Montana. WEEDIA, new genus Irregular, encrusting, and solid deposits that gathered as tuber- cles, ridges, and many irregular forms on the bed of the body of water in which the alge forming them lived. The specimens sug- gest a secondary siliceous deposit in the limestones, but the concen- tric laminated structure of the tubercles points more strongly to an origin similar to that of the encrustations made through the agency of the Blue-green alge (Cyanophycee ). 3 108 SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS VOL. 64 Genotype.—W eedia tuberosa, new species. Stratigraphic range-—Upper part of the Altyn limestone series interbedded with siliceous and cherty layers. Geographic distribution—Above Gunsight Pass, Glacier National Park, Montana. This will probably be found to be a widely dis- tributed form in the Algonkian formations. Heretofore such forms have been passed over as of concretionary origin or as of secondary siliceous deposits. Observations —The generic name is given in recognition of the work of Dr. Walter H. Weed among the Algonkian formations of the Belt Mountains of Montana. WEEDIA TUBEROSA, new species PlateeuisieSaeie2 The external characters of this species are well shown by figure 2, plate 11. Also the structure of the tubercles as they have been cut into by erosion so as to expose the irregular laminations and in figure 1 the hollow interior, a feature so often seen in recent “Lake Balls,” plate 4. The main portion of the specimens repre- sented by figure 2 is a thin encrustation on the upper surface of a layer of limestone. Formation and locality—(400) Algonkian: Siyeh limestone; above Lake McDonald, south side of Gunsight Pass, Glacial National Park, Montana. GREYSONIA, new genus Irregular, cylindrical or tubular growth with relatively thin walls except at the union of three or more tubes, where the walls are thickened as shown by figure 2, plate 17, and figure 1, plate 18. The tubes are large, irregularly rhomboidal or pentagonal in section with the interior now filled in with a dark bluish-grey limestone. The walls or partitions represent the deposit made by the alge and are now a buft-colored and grey magnesian limestone. The ends of a group of the tubes filled in with the limestone appear like a group of miniature basaltic columns (pl. 17, fig. 2), and the base or lower side of the same tubes has irregularly oval and round, concentrically marked forms that appear to be the filling of the ends of the tubes. The walls of the tubes surrounding the ovals and the basal ends are shown by figure 2, plate 18, and the broken upper ends by figure 2, plate 17. The walls are arranged in echelon and the fillings break out as plates of columns (fig. 1, pl. 17). NOY 2 PRE-CAMBRIAN ALGONKIAN -ALGAL FLORA 109g Mode of growth.—As far as indicated by the specimens collected by Mr. M. Collen the cellular structure grew with the tubes more or less parallel to the bottom and in some instances upright or at right angles to the bottom. The section illustrated by figure 1, plate 18, shows that it was formed of four rows of tubes parallel to the under and upper surface of the layer of limestone. The specimen represented in part by figure 2, plate 17, and figure 1, plate 18, is 36 cm. in length, with a depth of 18 cm. It has 12 rows of tubes, and it is evidently part of a much larger mass. The tubes vary from I to 2 cm. in diameter. Genotype.—Greysonia basaltica, new species. Stratigraphic range—Lower portion of Newland limestone. Geographic distribution——Eastern slope of Big Belt Mountains, Montana. Observations.—It is difficult to conceive of the tubular structure of Greysonia as a deposit made by alge, but with the example of the varied forms of recent deposits made by the Blue-green alge (Cyanophycee) and the other fossil forms described in this paper we are prepared to consider Greysonia as of algal origin. There is evidently much yet to be learned of its mode of growth, but that is a matter of further field study. GREYSONIA BASALTICA, new species RiateAaicse ta 2s plate TS. ness Ie 2 The generic description contains what is known of this species from the material now in the collection. Formation and locality —(4ooc) Algonkian, Beltian series: New- land limestone ; eastern slope of Big Belt Mountains, 8 miles (12.8 km.) west of White Sulphur Springs, at forks of Birch Creek, Meagher County, Montana. COPPERIA, new genus A tubular structure formed of thin partition walls that are thick- ened at the junction of three or more tubes. The tubes are in echelon arrangement and break out in plates as shown by figure 2) plate 10: In the specimen illustrated by figure 3, plate 19, the four lower layers of tubes were formed in a horizontal position and above them the growth was irregular, the tubes curving and also bending up to the surface of the layer. ; IIo SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS VOL. 64 The tubes are nearly circular in outline and probably grew in a large trond on the bed of the body of water in which the algz lived. The tubes are now filled with dark greyish-blue limestone. Genotype—Copperia tubiformis, new species. Stratigraphic range-—Lower portion of Newland limestone Geographic distribution.—Eastern slope of Big Belt Mountains, Montana. Observations.—At first I was inclined to place this form under Greysonia, but from the form of the tubes and the irregular habit of growth concluded to give it a distinct generic designation. COPPERIA TUBIFORMIS, new species Plate 19, figs. 1-3 The principal characters of the species are given under the generic description. The largest fragment in the collection has a length of 15 cm. The tubes are from 7 to Io mm. in diameter and the thickness of the layer made up of layers of the tubes is 6 cm. Formation and locality—(4o0oc) Algonkian, Beltian series: New- land limestone; eastern slope of Big Belt Mountains, 8 miles (12.8 km.) west of White Sulphur Springs, at forks of Birch Creek, Meagher County, Montana. COLLENIA, new genus More or less irregular dome-shaped, turbinate or massive, lami- nated bodies that grew with the arched surface uppermost. The growth appears to have been by the addition of external layers or lamella of varying thickness with interspaces that vary greatly even in the same specimen. Genotype.—Collenia undosa, new species. Stratigraphic range-—The type species occurs in the Spokane shales of the Big Belt series of Montana. Collenia compacta, new species, is from the Siyeh limestone and several thousand feet above the horizon of Collenia undosa. Collenia occidentale (Dawson) is from the Chuar terrane of the Grand Canyon, where it ranges through 1,500 feet (460 m.) of strata. Geographic distribution.—Eastern slope of the Big Belt Moun- tains, south of White Sulphur Springs, Meagher County, Montana. Gunsight Pass, Glacial National Park, Montana. Chuar Valley in the Grand Canyon, Arizona. NO. 2 PRE-CAMBRIAN ALGONKIAN ALGAL FLORA GACH Observations —The resemblance between the structure of Col- lema and Cryptozoon Hall* is marked in hand specimens as may be seen by comparing illustrations of the two forms. Both have a laminated appearance in sections, the concentric lamellae varying in thickness and in the width of their interspaces, but when we compare the mode of growth we find that Collenia has an encrusting- like growth that forms a dome-shaped body with the edges of the lamelle pointing downward (pl. 13, fig. 1), while Cryptozoon grows in a cup-shaped form with the edges of the lamella on the upper surface (pl. 16). Specimens of Collenia are usually small, although they attain a diameter of 12 inches (32.7 cm.) or more. The Collenia-like turbinate form that I found in the Algonkian series of the Grand Canyon in 1882, and sent to Sir William Daw- son in 1897, had the same manner of growth as Collenia undosa except that owing to its being crowded together it grew to a greater height from a narrow base (pl. 15, figs. 5, 6). Collenia compacta (pl. 15, fig. 7) grew in part like C. occidentale, but it also developed a laminated growth that filled the interspaces between the more individual club-shaped forms. The species now referred to Collenia from the Algonkian group ares Collenia compacta Walcott (pl. 15, fig. 7) Collenia ? frequens (Walcott)? (pl. 10, fig. 3) Collenia occidentale (Dawson) (pl. 15, figs. 1-6) Collenia undosa Walcott (pl. 13, figs. I, 2; pl. 14, figs. 1, 2) Collenia ? sp. undt. Dr. J. G. Bornemann described under the name Zonatrichites an algal form from the Mesozoic rocks as follows: * A calcareous alga, with radially arranged filaments, forming hemispherical or kidney-shaped layers, growing on or enclosing other bodies. Parallel or concentric zones are seen in cross-section, formed by the periodic growth of the alga, the older and dead layers serving as a foundation on which the young filaments grow in radially arranged groups. Mr. A. C. Seward comments upon the form as follows: * The nodules which are apparently formed by species of this genus occur in various sizes and shapes; Bornemann describes one hemispherical mass 8 * Thirty-second Ann. Rept., New York State Mus., Nat. Hist., 1883, Descrip- tion of pl. 6. * Bull. Geol. Soc. America, Vol. 17, 1906, pl. 11. * Geologische Algenstudien, Jahrb. k. preuss. geol. Landesanst. Berkakad., 1886, p. 126, pls. 5 and 6. *Fossil Plant, Cambridge Press, Vol. 1, 1808, pp. 129, 130. LI2 SMITHSONIAN- MISCELLANEOUS, COLLECTIONS VOL. 64 cm. broad and 4 cm. thick. In some cases the organism has given rise to oolitic spherules, which in radial section exhibit the branched tubular cells spreading in fan-shaped groups. from the centre of the oOlitic grain. The section parallel to the surface of a nodule presents the appearance of a number of circular or elliptical tubes cut across transversely or more or less obliquely. The resemblance between the fossil and a specimen of the recent species Zonatrichia calcivora Braun, is certainly very close, but it is very difficult, in the absence of material exhibiting more detailed structure than is shown in the specimens described by Bornemann, to decide with any certainty the true position of the fossil. The figures do not enable us to recognize any trace of cells in the radiating tubes. It is possible that we have in Zonatrichites an example of a Cyanophyceous genus in which only the sheaths of the filaments have been preserved. In any case it is probable that this Mesozoic species affords another instance of a fossil alga which has been responsible for certain oOlitic or other structures in limestone rocks. I refer to Zonatrichites as in external form and section it closely resembles Collenia. Dr. A. C. Peale, in describing the limestones of the lower part of the Algonkian section as exposed at the south end of the Madison Range, Montana, on the south side of the Gallatin Valley, mentions the occurrence of so-called concretions that had been mistaken for fossil turtles by the people living in the region.” He describes the concretions as very large, often measuring several feet in diameter and from 6 to 12 inches (15 to 30 cm.) in thickness, averaging about 6 inches to a foot in diameter, with a thickness of only 3 to 4 inches (5 to-toO- cms) The above description strongly suggests that the so-called con- cretions are a form of Collenia, or possibly Cryptozoon. It is antici- pated that the locality will be visited, and study made of their occurrence and character, during the season of 1914 (pp. 110-117). COLLENIA COMPACTA, new species Plate 15 shes 7 This. species has a turbinate growth, also in the solid layers of limestone a massive laminated growth that is irregular and com- pact. The two forms of growth are well shown by plate 15, figure 7. The finer lamellae occur in bands outlined by coarser lamelle. Where the specimens in the collection were found they occurred in a layer 9 cm. thick. The layer appeared to be made up of the turbinate forms and intervening laminations and broken fragments. ~ Bull. U.S: Geol. Survey, No. 110; 1893p) 17% on NO. 2 PRE-CAMBRIAN ALGONKIAN ALGAL FLORA Ths Formation and. locality—Algonkian: (400a) Siyeh limestone; Continental Divide at head of Kipps Creek, a branch of Mineral Creek, east of Flat-top Mountain, Glacial National Park, Montana (C.-D. Walcott, 1908). COLLENIA ? FREQUENS (Walcott) Plate 10, fig. 3 Cryptozoan jrequens Walcott, 1g¢06, Bull. Geol. Soc. America, Vol. 17, pl. Ir. (Species figured.) This form has an upright, irregular cylindrical growth, that appears like paving blocks fitted closely together. The individual bodies vary- from 2 inches (5 cm.) in diameter up to 15 inches (38, cm.) or more. In the great limestone block illustrated the depth of the cylindrical growth is about 16 inches (43 cm.). l hope to obtain during the season of 1g14 much more informa- tion about this form. Formation and locality—Algonkian: Siyeh limestone; Little Kootna Creek, Chief Mountain quadrangle, Montana. COLLENIA UNDOSA, new species Plate-13) figs: 1; 2'; plate: 14> figs. 1, 2 More or less irregularly dome-shaped, semisphzeroidal, sometimes roughly sphzeroidal, laminated bodies that are usually roughly con- cavo-convex.. They appear very much as though the under side had been dug out or that the first encrusting calcareous deposit was made ovet’a lump of mud. The interior of the body is made up of alternating fine and coarse laminations subparallel to the upper and lower surfaces of the body. Individual specimens occur scattered in reddish silico-argillaceous shale and sometimes in groups-of irregular forms as shown by figures I and 2, plate 14. In some instances thin layers of some- what: siliceous or magnesian limestone are nearly filled with broken and more or less entire specimens, as shown by figure 1 on plate 13. In sections of the roughly spheroidal forms it appears as though a high dome-shaped specimen had been rolled over during growth and a new growth started that covered the hollow under side so as to enclose fragments of other specimens in the interior of the mass (ple 2. fig. 2): The outer surface is often botryoidal as indicated by the struc- ture in the upper part of the section illustrated by figure 2, plate 13. The greater number of specimens are from 3 to 4 inches (7.6 IIi4 SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS VOL, 64 to 10 cm.) in diameter, but some are a foot (32.7 cm.) or more across. Formation and locality—Algonkian: (400b) Beltian series ; Spo- kane shales; 8 miles (12.8 km.) west of White Sulphur Springs at forks of Birch Creek, Meagher County, Montana (M. Collen, 1906). COLLENIA ? species undetermined The late Professor N. H. Winchell recently sent me, a few days before his death, photographs of a specimen that suggests Collenia. It is made up of 28 vertical columnar bodies which show on the top a roughly hexagonal section.. Their average size is about I cm. The columns are made up of concentric lamelle, somewhat like those of Atikokania from the Steeprock series in Canada. I have not seen the specimen nor is its origin known. It was found in a ballast gravel of the railroad that came from glacial drift, near St. Paul, Minnesota. ARCHAOZOAN ACADIENSE Matthew Archeozoan acadiense Matthew, 1901, Bull. Nat. Hist. Soc., New Brunswick, No. 9, Presidential Address, p. 32; also pp. 38-41. Dr. G. F. Matthew describes a “ reef of limestone ” of pre-Cam- brian age containing numerous fragments of a concretionary struc- ture which he regarded as of organic origin. He says:’ The reef began its growth on a bottom of fine sand, now converted into a quartzite rock which forms an important member of the Upper Series. There the objects consist of a multitude of small, short, closely-set columns, which grew tier upon tier, with, at first, more or less of sand between the tiers. It may be observed also that these crowded clusters of columns were often cut off over considerable areas, by thin horizontal layers of mineral matter, perhaps indicative of the incursion of sand or other sediment, but the growth was almost immediately renewed by a new set of columns, occupying the fresh surface of mud that covered the old ones..... This reef of calcareous columns was about one hundred and fifty feet growth also suggests Collenia occidentale and C. compacta. I hope to have specimens for study in the fall of 1914 that will possibly determine the origin of these problematical fossils. My present im- pression is that they are of algal origin. Formation and locality.—‘‘ Laurentian” limestone: St. John River, near St. John, New Brunswick. —> *Bull. Nat. Hist. Soc., New Brunswick, No. 9, 1901, pp. 38, 39. NO. 2 PRE-CAMBRIAN ALGONKIAN ALGAL FLORA 115 CAMASIA, new genus Compact layer-like growth with numerous irregular tube-like openings that give a spongoid appearance in cross sections of the tubes (pl. 12, figs. 1 and 2). The openings or tubes are smallest at the base, increasing inside toward the summit of the layer. In the specimen illustrated by figure 2, plate 9, they are very small and all are inclined in one general direction. In another large specimen (pl. 12, fig. 2) the irregular tubes and openings extend obliquely to the left about one-third of the way and then very irregularly in an oblique direction to the right to near the top of the layer. A row or chain of cells derived from Camasia spongiosa is shown by figures 2-4, plate 20, and a cluster of round cells by figure 5. These cells are of essentially the same character as those found in the filaments of the recent Blue-green Algz. Genotype-—Camasia spongiosa, new species. Stratigraphic range——Lower portion of Newland limestone. Geographic distribution—FEastern slope of Big Belt Mountains, Montana. Observations——As far as now known this species is represented by one species that forms layers varying in thickness and extent. The largest specimen in the collection has a thickness of 7 cm., with a length of 21 cm. It is apparently a fragment of a large mass that extended over a much larger area. The microscopic cells illustrated on plate 20 were obtained by treating the specimen with hydrochloric acid and examining the residual matter. All of the chains of cells thus far seen occur in thin opal-like plates such as are found abundantly in the recent calcareous lake deposits formed by Blue-green Algz. The only species yet referred to the genus is Camasia spongiosa. CAMASIA SPONGIOSA, new species Plate 9, figs. I, 2; plate 12, figs. 1, 2; plate 20, figs. 2-6, 6a The general form of this species is shown by the illustrations on plates 9 and 12. It resembles in some respects the recent growth deposited by Blue-green Algze as represented by figure 4 on plate 4. It evidently grew in extended masses on the bottom. The few specimens in the collection are only fragments, and none of them show indications of having come from near the outer margin of the mass of which they formed a part. The microscopic structure is referred to on page 103 and illus- trated on plate 20, figures-2-6. 116 SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS VOL. 64 An attempt will be made during the field season of 1914 to dis- cover the mode of growth and-the extent of this species. It is unusually interesting owing to its resemblance to the deposit made by the Blue-green Algz in the fresh-water lakes of New York, Michigan, and elsewhere. Formation and locality —Algonkian: (400c) Beltian series: New- land limestone ; 8 miles (12.8 km.) west of White Sulphur Springs at forks of Birch Creek, Meagher County, Montana (M. Collen, 1906.) GALLATINIA, new genus : As there is but one species of the genus known the generic and specific description is united for the present in the description of the species. Genotyvpe.—Gallatimia pertexa, new species. Stratigraphic range.—As far as known it is limited to a few layers of limestone in the central portion of the Algonkian section of the Gallatin Valley. Geographic distribution—North side of Gallatin and East Galla- tin Rivers, between Gallatin Station and Dry Creek, Gallatin County, Montana. GALLATINIA PERTEXA, new species Plate 23, figs. 1, 2 External form discoid, circular, flattened. In a specimen 21 cm. in diameter there is an outer border about 3 cm. in width and 4 cm. in depth that extends from the base to the upper surface of the specimen. This outer ring is united to the center by seven ray-like arms arranged in a more or less irregular manner. The outer border ring is formed of fine, irregular lamellz that slope inward more or less from the base to the upper surface. The radiating arms are formed of a series of V-shaped lamellz that extend down into the mass of the specimen a distance equal to about their width at their upper surface. The border ring and arms are connected by a mass of vesicular lamellz that fill the interior of the specimen. At the upper surface between the radiating arms the vesicular lamellee form more or less concentric lines about the center. The photographs of the specimen show the details of structure fairly well. The specimen is formed of a siliceous, buff-weathering material with a filling in all interspaces of dark, bluish-gray limestone that is readily removed in solution by weak hydrochloric acid. NO: 2 PRE-CAMBRIAN ALGONKIAN ALGAL FLORA 7, Observations —Recently when reading an account by Dr. A. C. Peale of the pre-Cambrian rocks of the region between the Missouri River and Dry Creek, a tributary of the East Gallatin River, Gallatin County, Montana, I noted that he described the occurrence of numerous flattened concretions in an Algonkian limestone * which the people in the vicinity called fossil turtles. On inquiring of Dr. Peale he told me that there was a specimen in the United States National Museum. Upon examining it there was very little to indicate that it was more than an ordinary septaria-like concre- tion. Cutting a cross section on one side and treating it with acid the wonderful interior and exterior structure was developed that is shown in the accompanying illustrations. Dr. Peale states that the “concretions ’ measure several feet in diameter and from 6 to I2 inches (15.4 to 31 cm.) in thickness, and that they occur in a limestone. An examination of the residual sediment resulting from dissolving some of the limestone matrix shows microscopic cells much like those found with Cryptozoon and Collenia. I anticipate visiting the locality where Dr. Peale collected the specimen described and hope to be able to give a much fuller account of the occurrence and character of this remarkable addition to the Algonkian algal flora. Formation and locality —Algonkian: (400}) Belt terrane; north side of Gallatin and East Gallatin Rivers, north of Bartons Bridge, west of Hillsdale Postoffice, Gallatin County, Montana (A. C. Peale, 1885). After this paper was in page proof I received from Dr. G. R. Wieland a copy of his paper on “ Further Notes on Ozarkian Sea- weeds and QOolites’’* in which he discusses the various forms that have been referred to Cryptozoon. This important contribution to the subject of fossil algz will be referred to in any future study I may make of the pre-Cambrian fossil alge. * Bull. U. S. Geol. Survey, No. 110, 1893, p. 17. * Bull. American Museum Nat. Hist., Vol. 33, pp. 237-260. 118 SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS VOL. 64 DESCRIPTION OF PEATE 4 Lake Balls formed by Blue-green alge. (See pl. 5)..........0200000002 Fic. 1. (X 2.) Exterior surface of pear-shaped specimen. U.S. Na- tional Museum, Catalogue No. 60690. 2. (X 2.) Transverse section of an ovel-shaped ball, showing concentrically laminated structure. U. S. National Mu- seum Catalogue No. 60691. These lake balls were in the process of formation by filamentous algze when taken from the lake. Locality: Squaw Island, Canandaigua Lake, New York. Layer depostt by Blue-green-alew: ..2./2.. 40. obo. oe ee Cee Fic. 3. (Natural size.) Botryoidal outer surface of specimen repre- sented in section by figure 4. The same occurs in Collenia undosa (pl. 13, fig. 2). U.S. National Museum, Catalogue No. 60692. < 4. (Natural size.) Vertical section thrdugh a layer 7.5 cm. thick. Compare with the section of Camasia spongiosa (pl. 12, fig. 1). U.S. National Museum, Catalogue No. 60692. The specimen illustrated by figs. 3 and 4 is from Green Lake, 2 miles (3.2 km.) southwest of Kirkville, Onondaga County, New York. 100 SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS VOL. 64, NO. 2, PL. 4 LAKE BALLS AND LAYERS, FORMED BY RECENT BLUE-GREEN ALG Nas Pee hee ae ee pee eS ne - Lee ‘ . j ty ~ - ' . - . * 120 SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS VOL, 64 DESCRIPTION: OF PEADE ss Section of Lake Ball formed by Blue-green alge. (See pl. 4)........... 100 Fic. t. (X 4.) Transverse section of an elongated ball, showing laminated structure and the presence of several nuclei toward the center of the section. U.S. National Museum, Catalogue No. 60693. Locality Squaw Island, Canandaigua Lake, N. Y. INewlandia concentrica. Walcott)... -2 2. ens este eel ieee eer 105 Fic. 2. (Natural size.) View of upper portion of concentrically ar- ranged laminations as exposed by natural weathering, U. S. National Museum, Catalogue No. 60604. 3. (Natural size.) Upper surface showing concentric lamina- tions exposed by the removing of the limestone by acid. U. S. National Museum, Catalogue No. 60695. Newlandia frondosa Walcott (See pls. 6-8)...........2 00.2.5 -- sees eee 105 Fic. 4. (Natural size.) This specimen illustrates a concentric struc- ture toward the center with laminations to the right and left that are cut off at top and bottom by the surface of the layer of limestone in which they occur. U. S. National Museum, Catalogue No. 60606. The specimens represented by figs. 2-4 are from locality 4ooc: Algonkian; Newland limestone; 8 miles (12.8 km.) west of White Sulphur Springs, Meagher County, Montana. SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS VOL. 64, NO. 2, PL. 5 1. LAKE BALL 2, 3. NEWLANDIA CONCENTRICA Walcott 4. NEWLANDIA FRONDOSA Walcott 122 SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS VOL. 64 DESCRIPTION. OF .PLATE 46 Newlandiayrondosa: Walcott: “(See plss 5, 7,10))seeceeen eee eee ;-) 105 Fic. 1. (Natural size.) Portion of the upper surface of a large frond. 3 cm. in thickness, as shown by fig. 3. U.S. National Mu- seum, Catalogue No. 60697. 2. (Natural size.) Lower surface of the specimen represented by fig. 1. 3. (Natural size.) Vertical section through the edge of the speci- men represented by figs. 1 and 2. The laminated structure is toward the upper surface, the cellular structure forming the lower half. The specimen represented by figs. I-3 is a portion of a large frond that was 48 cm. or more in diameter, with an average thick- ness Of 2.5 to 3 cm. Locality gooc: Algonkian: Newland limestone; 8 miles (12.8 km.) west of White Sulphur Springs, Meagher County, Montana. VOL. 64, NO. 2, PL. 6 SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS NEWLANDIA FR DINDOSA Walcott 124 SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS VOL. 64 DESCRIPTION OF PLATE 7 Newlandia frondosa Walcott. (See pis. 5, 6, 8)..0 cs. .- sesso see eee 105 Fic. 1. (Natural size.) Oblique view of the vertical section of a large frond with a central concentric arrangement of the lamellz in which there is almost no development of the coarse cellular structure shown by the illustrations on plate 6. U. S. National Museum, Catalogue No. 60698. 2. (Natural size.) View of a portion of the upper laminated sur- face of the specimen represented by fig. 1. The specimen represented by figs. 1 and 2 is from locality 4ooc: Algonkian: Newland limestone; 8 miles (12.8 km.) west of White Sulphur Springs, Meagher County, Montana. SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS VOE. 64, NO. 2, PL. 7 NEWLANDIA FRONDOSA Walcott 126 SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS VOL. 64 DESCRIPTION OF PLATE-3s Newlandia frondosa Walcott. (See pls. 5-7) .-.......-c2.cene.8 eee 105 Fics. 1, 2, 3. (Natural size.) Views of the upper, vertical, and lower faces of a specimen showing somewhat different structure from that illustrated on plates 6 and 7. U. S. National Museum, Catalogue No. 60699. The specimen represented by figs. 1-3 is from locality 400c: Algonkian: Newland limestone; 8 miles (12.8 km.) west of White Sulphur Springs, Meagher County, Montana. . anaggpaunees SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS VOL. 64, NO. 2, PL. 8 NEWLANDIA FRONDOSA Walcott it i me a me wee FAP io be + ~ ‘ Z ° t — 7 Li. co = * _, =o i a ; —< R. 128 SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS VOL. DESCRIPTION OF PLATE © Camasta spongiosa Walcott. (See pl. 12)... 30.2 cen 2 oe conde se eee Fic. 1. (Natural size.) View of*upper surface, showing the somewhat open cellular structure. U. S. National Museum, Cata- logue No. 60700. 2. (Natural size.) Vertical view through the specimen repre- sented by fig. 1, showing sponge-like growth and the thick- ness of the specimen, which has at its base a thin layer of limestone. Newlandia major Walcott... ca 25 sae cto. oie pois cas Sasol (alee eee Fic. 3. (Natural size.) Vertical section of a specimen in which the lamellae are interrupted in their growth toward the bottom and then continue up through to the upper surface of the layer. U. S. National Museum, Catalogue No. 60701. * The specimens represented by figs. 1-3 are from locality 4ooc; Algonkian: Newland limestone; 8 miles (12.8 km.) west of White Sulphur Springs, Meagher County, Montana. 64 105 SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS VOL. 64, NO. 2, PL. 9 1, 2. CAMASIA SPONGIOSA Walcott 3. NEWLANDIA MAJOR Walcott 130 SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS VOL. 64 DESCRIPTION OF PLATE ‘t0:- Newlandia lamellosa Wralcotts.. bs sAnsiceniaeese ele aoe eee 106 Fic. 1. (Natural size.) Vertical section of a specimen having very finely laminated structure. U. S. National Museum, Cata- logue No. 60702. 2. (Natural size.) Upper surface of the specimen represented by fig. 1. The specimen represented by figs. t and 2 is from locality 4ooc: Algonkian: Newland limestone; 8 miles (12.8 km.) west of White Sulphur Springs, Meagher County, Montana. Collena afrequens (Walcott)... cee. tonnes eee ee eee eee 113 Fic. 3. (About one-thirtieth of natural size.) Upper surface and sec- tion of a group of cylindrical forms. After photograph by Bailey Willis. Locality: Algonkian: Siveh limestone; Little Kootna Creek, Chief Mountain quadrangle, Montana. SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS VOL. 64, NO. 2, PL. 10 AEE 2. NEWLANDIA LAMELLOSA Walcott 3. COLLENIA ? FREQUENS (Walcott) rere 3 Ss ee { + = i . 132 SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS VOL. DESCRIPTION (OF (PLATE (ms Vreediasiuberosa Walcott... sconce es ee eee ee Fic. 1. (Natural size.) View of a weathered section of one of the large sphzeroidal tubercles, showing something of the lami- nated structure. U. S.-National Museum, Catalogue No. 60703. 2. (Natural size.) View of the weathered surface of a group of large tubercles on the upper surface of a layer of lime- stone. U.S. National Museum, Catalogue No. 60704. The specimens represented by figs. 1 and 2 are from locality 4oo: Algonkian: Siyeh limestone; south side of Gunsight Pass, Glacial National Park, Montana. Kanneyian simulans: NVialCott yc satiate erence ate teers ieee eee re eee Fic. 3. (Natural size.) View of upper surface of a specimen in which the irregular lamellz extend almost vertically through the layer. U.S. National Museum, Catalogue No. 60705. The specimen represented by fig. 3 is from locality 40oc: Algon- kian: Newland limestone; 8 miles (12.8 km.) west of White Sul- phur Springs, Meagher County, Montana. 64 107 SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS VOL. 64, NO. 2, PL. 11 1, 2. WEEDIA TUBEROSA Walcott 3. KINNEYIA SIMULANS Walcott 134 SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS VOL. 64 DESCRIPTION -OF PLATE 12 Camasa spongiosa, Walcott: (See: pl: 6). as 3. eee 115 Fic. 1. (Natural size.) Vertical section through the side of a large block showing the vesicular character of the specimen. U. S. National Museum, Catalogue .No. 60706. 2. (Natural size.) Vertical section of the same specimen as shown by fig. 1, at right angles to the section shown by fig. 1. The tubular openings are very irregular. The specimen represented by figs. 1 and 2 is from locality 4ooc: Algonkian: Newland limestone; 8 miles (12.8 km.) west of White Sulphur Springs, Meagher County, Montana. Ae VOL. 64 NO. 2, SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS CAMASIA SPONGIOSA Walcott 6 136 SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS VOL. 64 DESCRIPTION OF PLATE 13 Gollena undosa Walcott. “(See mpl) 14)e ao. s eee ee eee eee eee 113 Fic. 1. (Natural size.) Vertical polished section through a layer in which numerous specimens are embedded. U. S. National Museum, Catalogue No. 60707. Fic. 2. (Natural size!) Photograph of thin section of a subspherical specimen, showing the original growth as a dome and then a second growth that apparently occurred after the specimen had been rolied over. U.S. National Museum, Catalogue No. 60708. The specimens represented by figs. 1 and 2 are from locality 4oob: Algonkian: Spokane shales; 8 miles (12.8 km.) west of White Sulphur Springs at forks of Birch Creek, Meagher County, Montana. VOL. SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS j cy Spe. COLLENIA UNDOSA Walcott i ' a i , ‘ 1 138 SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS VOL. 64 DESCRIPTION OF PLATE 14 Collemasundosa Walcott. » (See upl is): soe eee ee 113 Fics. 1 and 2. (0.5 natural size.) Side and top view of a group of specimens that have apparently grown together, forming a solid mass. They are embedded in the red Spokane shales. U.S. National Museum, Catalogue No. 60700. Locality 40ob: Algonkian: Spokane shales; 8 miles (12.8 km.) west of White Sulphur Springs, Meagher County, Montana. SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS VOL. 64, NO. 2, PL. 14 COLLENIA UNDOSA Walcott 140 SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS VOL. DESCRIPTION OF SLEATE 15 Collematocadentale Dawson) cases ee eee ee eee eee eee Fic. 1. (Natural size.) Photograph of a thin-section showing portions of two fragments. U.S. National Museum, Catalogue No. 33799. 2. (xX 8) Enlargement of the lower, smaller fragment in fig. 1. 3, 4. (Natural size.) Photographs of two thin-sections occurring in the same stratum of rock as that represented by fig. 1. U. S. National Museum, Catalogue No. 33790. 5, 6. (Natural size.) Natural sections through two turbinate forms of growth. U.S. National Museum, Catalogue Nos. 60710, 60711. : The specimens represented by figs. 1-6 are from the Algonkian: Chuar terrane; Grand Canyon, Arizona. These figures (1-4) were published as figs. 1-4, plate 23, Bull. Geol. Soc. America, Vol. 10, 1898, Walcott: Pre-Cambrian fossiliferous formations, Collenta= compacta Wal Cotticin cc «ddan eee eee ee eee eerie Fic. 7. (Natural size.) Natural weathered vertical section showing the club-shaped growth on the left with the irregular lamelle about it on the right. U. S. National Museum, Catalogue No. 60712. From locality 4ooa: Algonkian: Siyeh limestone; Continental Divide at head of Kipps Creek, Glacial National Park, Montana. 64 II2 gceLtANEOUS COLLECTIONS VOL. 64, NO. 2, PL. 15 guiTHsonia’ “ COLLEN A De - ; i ° i I42 SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS VOL. 64 DESCRIPTION (OF PEATE 16 Cryptozoon proliferum Tallin: ccti ecu. ot ceeeecee aoe ee eee ak vee Fic. 1. Glaciated exposure of one of the Cryptozoan reef beds of the Hoyt limestone, by the roadside near the Hoyt quarry, northwest of Saratoga, New York. Oneal locality of Hall’s figure of the species. This plate is published here through the courtesy of Dr. John M. Clarke, Director of the New York State Museum. It is plate 3 of Bulletin 169, 1914, of the Museum. Cryptozoon proliferum is illustrated and referred to in my paper on the “ New York Potsdam-Hoyt Fauna.” Smithsonian Misc. Coll., Vol. 57, 1972, p. 258, pl. 37. ee a ee LLECTIONS SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS C<¢ CRYPTOZOON PROLIFERUM Hall 144 SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS VOL. 64 DESCRIPTION OF PEATE 7 Greyson basaliica. Walcott: (See pl: 18) 7.2222 .--2.--- oe eee 109 Fic. 1. (Natural size.) Section of a mass of the basaltic-like columns obtained by splitting off a group of the tubes. U. S. Na- tional Museum, Catalogue No. 60713. 2. (Natural size.) View of the end of the basaltic-like tubes. U. S. National Museum, Catalogue No. 60714. The alge form the interspaces between the tubes that are now filled with limestone. The specimen represented by figs. I and 2 is from locality 4ooc: Algonkian: Newland limestone; 8 miles (12.8 km.) west of White Sulphur Springs, Meagher County, Montana. SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS VOIP 64; INO; 25) PEs ty GREYSONIA BASALTICA Walcott ~~ - 7 4 : t ‘ Fj * ~ - _ 7 ’ ; - ~ * 146 SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS VOL. 64 DESCRIPTION OF PLATE 18 Greysonta basaltica Walcott. (See pl. 17)... 0.52 =e a ee 109 Fic. 1. (Natural size.) Vertical section of a group of tubes forming a layer 5 cm. in thickness. U.S. National Museum, Cata- logue No. 60715. The tubes are filled with a bluish-black limestone and the alge are represented by gray to grayish-yellow magnesian limestone. The tubes were formed. in a horizontal position, presumably as portions of a large frond. 2. (Natural size.) Lower surface of a specimen of which the upper surface is represented by fig. 2, pl. 17. U.S. National Museum, Catalogue No. 60714. The tubes of this specimen appear to have grown in a vertical position, and have a length in the portions preserved of 18 cm. The specimens represented by figs. 1 and 2 are from locality 4ooc: Algonkian: Newland limestone; 8 miles (12.8 km.) west of White Sulphur Springs, Meagher County, Montana. SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS VOL. 64, NO. nm PL. 18 GREYSONIA BASALTICA Walcott 148 SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS VOL. 64 DESCRIPTION “OF, PLATE. 19 Copperia tubiformis Waleott...ic2.\. oo. ece og noes oo shee ee ee Fic. 1. (Natural size.) Polished vertical section of a group of more or less irregular tubes that form a layer 5.5 cm. thick. U. S. National Museum, Catalogue No. 60716. 2. (Natural size.) Surface of a group of tubes that were formed in a horizontal position. U. S. National Museum, Cata- logue No. 60717. 3. (Natural size.) View of a natural section of a layer 5 cm. in thickness in which the three lower layers of tubes are fairly regular, while the upper layers show irregular growth. U. S. National Museum, Catalogue No. 60718. This form occurs in layers or tubes that are more or less parallel to the bedding of the layer. The specimens represented by figs. 1-3 are from locality 4ooc: Algonkian: Newland limestone; 8 miles (12.8 km.) west of White Sulphur Springs, Meagher County, Montana. SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS VOL. 64, NO. 2, PL. 19 COPPERIA TUBIFORMIS Walcott I50 SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS VOL. DESCREP TION OF PLADE 26 Newlandia frondosa Walcott. (See pls) 6, °7,{8) 2. o.. 52.0 ee eee eee Fic. t. (X 500.) Drawing of a plate of opal-like silica contain- ing numerous slender tubes, some of which have irregularly spaced partitions that have a distinct upper and lower sur- face that probably indicates organic origin. This type is not uncommon in material obtained by treating specimens of this species with hydrochloric acid. U. S. National Mu- seum, Catalogue No. 607109. Camasta spongiosa Walcott. (See pls.G, 12). 3..2 cee 2. ee ee Fic. 2. ( 350.) Chain of cells as photographed and partly outlined. .The untouched micrograph is shown by fig. 4, where about half of the cells are in the focal plane. U. S. National Museum, Catalogue No. 60720. 3. (About * 1400.) Outline sketch of the chain shown by figs. 2 and 4. 4. (X 350.) Micrograph of a portion of the fragment of opal- like silica containing the chain of cells represented by figs. 2 and 3. There are also present numerous minute tubes similar to those illustrated by fig. I. 5, 5a. (X 350.) A group of seven supposedly round cells as they occur free from the matrix. Similar bodies occur in the opal-like silica both singly and in groups. The untouched micrograph is shown by fig. 5a. U. S. National Museum, Catalogue No. 60722. 6, 6a. (x 350.) Untouched micrograph of an irregular chain-like group of round cells that are free from the matrix. The round cell-like bodies are outlined in fig. 6a as they appear when examined under the microscope. U.S. National Mu- seum, Catalogue No. 60723. Blue-grecnvalae cells (Scmzotnrit 2 pe anak See ee eee Fic. 7. (About & 1200.) Outline drawing of a chain of cells obtained by treating a recent Blue-green algal calcareous deposit with hydrochloric acid. U. S. National Museum, Cata- logue No. 60724. 8. (xX 350.) Untouched photograph of a chain of cells obtained by treating a Blue-green calcareous deposit from Green Lake, Onondaga County, New York, with dilute hydro- chloric acid. 8a. The same as fig. 8, with all the cells of the chain outlined. The chain is free except where entangled with diatoms and bits of opal-like silica. U.S. National Museum, Catalogue No. 60725. The slides represented by figs. 7 and 8 were sent to me by Dr. Charles A. Davis. The material containing the cells rep- resented by fig. 7 is from North Lake, Waukesha County, Wisconsin, 27 miles (43 km.) west-northwest of St. Paul, and that by fig. 8 from Green Lake, Onondaga County, New York, 64 IOI 100 ON Ie ace Me SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS VOL. 64, NO. 2, PL. 20 MICROSCOPIC CELLS FROM RECENT BLUE-GREEN ALGA AND THEIR ALGONKIAN REPRESENTATIVES > ® = =" a = iu : = = 1 0 a ~ 4 5 ‘ 4 ~- —_ . x Fs NS i i . q = i * \ E ‘ = : & - ; 1 ' - ee: e . iy = = 4.2 : \ ate a : a 4 < . - - % ' . . i = i \ oe s - : : = 2 n n 152 SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS VOL. 64 DESCRIPTION OF PLATE 21 Annelid Trails on Greyson Shales Eelmmthowdichnites 2 wethartensisaNValcott.ce- eee ee eee eee Fic. 1. (Natural size.) Two nearly parallel trails, with many, small, dark, thin, flattened, usually circular concretions attached to them. U. S. National Museum, Catalogue No. 33795. 2. (Natural size.) Apparently a single trail made by the animal turning about and finally returning nearly on the line of the first trail. There are not as many concretions as in fig. 1. U. S. National Museum, Catalogue No. 33795. 3. (About * 10.) Enlargements of one of the small disc-like "concretions associated with figs. rt and 2. U. S. National Museum, Catalogue No. 33795. 4. (Natural size.) Same as figs. I and 2, but with many convyo- lutions. This form is less common than the straight and partly curved trails shown by figs: t and 2. U.S. National Museum, Catalogue No. 33795. Helminthoidichnites: 2 spiralis: Walcott. 2.20202 sooo eens aoe Fics. 5. 6. (Natural size.) Two figures illustrating the typical form of trail made by this curious species. U. S. National Museum, Catalogue No. 33704. Hielmmthotaiehnites mecky Wralcotti..ntseeeere eee ee eee eee eee Fic. 7. (Natural size.) Illustration of the type specimen of the species. U. S. National Museum, Catalogue No. 33793. The specimens represented by figs. 1-7 are from the Algonkian: Belt (Greyson shales) terrane; Deep Creek Canyon and Sawmill Canyon, Belt Mountains, Montana. Planolites corrugatws” Wralcotthheccs-6 ne. 2 soe aeeee eee eee eee Fic. 8. (Natural size.) Exterior cast of the burrow made by medium- sized annelid in siliceous mud now forming the shales car- rying Beltina danai Walcott. U.S. National Museum, Cat- logue No. 33796. Planolites superbiis Walcott. ate ere eee ecaee (a) sult ee Fic. 9. (Natural size.) A portion of the cast of a long burrow oc- curring in a sandy shale interbedded in the Beltina danai shales. U. S. National Museum, Catalogue No. 33797. The specimens represented by figs. 8 and 9 are from the Algon- kian: Greyson shales; Sawmill Canyon, 4 miles (6.4 km.) above Neihart, Cascade County, Montana. This plate was published as plate 24, Bull. Geol. Soc. America, Vol. 10, 1898, Walcott: Pre-Cambrian Fossiliferous Formations. 08 98 08 SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS VOL. 64, NO. 2, PL. 21 ANNELID TRAILS he se 154 SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS VOL. 64 DESCRIPTION OF PEATE <2 Crustacean Remains from Greyson shales Beéliina. dandt N\WWial cot, scx kaciesac.oo seieice ce cee oe a eee 98 Fics. 1, 2. (Natural size.) Specimen which appears to represent the head. Fig. 2 is greatly compressed and distorted in front and probably belongs to another species. U. S. National Museum, Catalogue No. 33790. 3. (Natural size.) A segment of the body. U. S. National Museum, Catalogue No. 33790. 4. (X 3.) Portion of an appendage with four joints indicated. U. S. National Museum, Catalogue No. 33790. 5. (x 4.) An unidentified fragment with a small terminal curved spine. U. S. National Museum, Catalogue No. 33790. 6. (X 2.) An appendage with two large basal ? ‘oints and two smaller terminal joints. U.S. National Museum, Cata- logue No. 33790. (Natural size.) Appendage’ with a large basal ? joint and four smaller joints indicated. U. S. National Museum, Catalogue No. 33790. 8. (Natural size.) Appendage with very large basal ? joint and several small joints. U. S. National Museum, Catalogue No. 33790. 9. (x 2.) Appendage with fragment of large basal ? joint and several small joints. U. S. National Museum, Catalogue No. 33790. ,» Io. (Natural size.) Two appendages that are apparently at- tached to a single basal ? joint. U.S. National Museum, Catalogue No. 33700. 11. (Natural size.) Appendage with a broad basal ? joint. U.S. National Museum, Catalogue No. 33700. 12, ( 3.) Appendage with a broad basal ? joint. Several fine setz or spines are attached to it. U. S. National Museum, Catalogue No. 33790. 13. (Natural size.) Movable ramus of a chelate appendage, with traces of teeth. U. S. National Museum, Catalogue No. 33790. 14. (Natural size.) Broken fixed portion of a chelate appendage, with traces of teeth. U. S. National Museum, Catalogue No. 33790. 15. (Natural size.) Several specimens of this character occur in the collection. U. S. National Museum, Catalogue No. 33790. N SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS VOL. 64, NO. 2, PL. 22 BELT TERRANE FOSSILS ae NO. 2 PRE-CAMBRIAN ALGONKIAN ALGAL FLORA Beltina danai Walcott—Continued. Fic. 16. (Natural size.) Jointed appendages very much compressed and distorted. U. S. National Museum, Catalogue No. 33790. 17. (Natural size.) Jointed appendage. U. S. National Mu- seum, Catalogue No. 33700. 18. (Natural size.) Telson preserving a central ridge. U. S. National Museum, Catalogue No. 33790. The specimens represented on this plate are from the Algonkian: Greyson shales; Deep Creek Canyon, near Glenwood, and Sawmill Canyon, 4 miles (6.4 km.) above Neihart, Cascade County, Montana. This plate was published as plate 25, Bull. Geol. Soc. America, Vol. to, 1808, Walcott: Pre-Cambrian Fossiliferous Formations. 156 SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS . VOL. 64 DESCRIPTION. OF PLATE 23 Gaillatinia pertexra WalCottics o24 as entlec cia satle crete sctaen en a eee 116 Fic. 1. (Natural size.) View of upper surface of type specimen. U. S. National Museum, Catalogue No. 60730. 2. (Natural size.) Vertical section through specimen repre- sented by fig. 1. The specimen illustrated is from locality 4ooj: Algonkian: Belt terrane; north of Bartons Bridge on the Gallatin River, Montana. Se eee VOL. 64, NO. 2, PL. 23 oNIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS Ss wit GALLATINIA PERTEXA, Walcott SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS VOLUME 64, NUMBER 3 CAMBRKIAN GEOLOGY AND PALEONTOLOGY I] No. 3.—CAMBRIAN TRILOBITES (WitH PLates 24 To 38) BY CHARLES D. WALCOTT (PusBLicaTion 2370) CITY OF WASHINGTON PUBLISHED BY THE SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION JANUARY 14, 1916 ate Me een als d os rue 4 > ot at ae i vee “Wr rea é Ltée ) "ite 2 ne - i The Lord Baltimore Prees BALTIMORE, MD., U.S A. ™ = ms A ; : 4 +5 « vg i ¢ Se 4 . oie Ld a ie ’ ‘ 7 “4 _ - T ; Te ie ate ; lee : “4 La *2 - ap ae Oh aoes SOS ee eee ht a ae 2 a re 7 a aay oie oy Fy ed cs = a ; of a = al iS i \ ee ; att ¥ ‘ A gain ay ze f Wy ri CAMBRIAN GEOLOGY AND PALEONTOLOGY i5T No. 3—CAMBRIAN TRILOBITES By CHAREES DD: WALCOTT (WitH PLATES 24 TO 38) CONTENTS PAGE JIRRMEROXGLTVEENGTS!, Om Oo utero hls Cat Caos Ones SIGE OID ORE Le RT ae Ree eee ee 160 Ghancesinasthati crap litem pOsittOmaci:s-/saies sesoeveieiel o/s 14.9. 4 sion © pte sta s cee 161 Deseniptions One cenenaeandiuspecles..-mek caetetcioe eieiat noice ate alee sil aetna 161 Orden bropakianseechetnarn satan. iconic noe ce oes sinkiacnhae © ae tem nee 161 BamilyaWienomonidas mewrrtatnily sya swine ds odo ee 174 Acrocephalites americanus, new species (pl. 24, figs. 2, 2a-b, Pe C0 ao) Mit ere Ae ee Pe RR Ee RIN ee SRDS Caer OR 177 Acrocephalites aoris, new species (pl. 26, figs. 3, 3a-b)...... 178 Acrocephalites ? aster, new species (pl. 26, figs. 9, ga-c)..... 178 Acrocephalites ? glomeratus, new species (pl. 26, figs. 7, 7a).. 179 Acrocephalites haynesi, new species (pl. 24, figs. 4, 4a-b).... 179 Acrocephalites insignis, new species (pl. 25, figs. 1, ta-b).... 179 Acrocephalites ? majus, new species (pl. 26, fig. 1)........... 180 Acrocephalites multisegmentus, new species (pl. 24, figs. 5, 5a) 180 SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS, VOL. 64, No. 3 157 ; 158 SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS VOL. 64 - Descriptions of genera and species—Continued. Order Opisthoparia Beecher—Continued. PAGE Acrocephalites stenometopus (Angelin) (pl. 24, figs. 1, 1a-b). (81 Acrocephalites tutus, new species (pl. 24, figs. 6, 6a@)........ 181 Acrocephalites ? vulcanus (Billings) (pl. 26, fig. 2)......... 182 Genus AlokistocareWorenz sae. atiesas cee nea ne eee eee 182 Alokistocare althea, new species (pl. 25, figs. 3, 3a, 4, 4a).... 184 Alokistocare ? labrosum, new species (pl. 25, figs. 5, 5a)..... 184 Alokistocare linnarssoni (Walcott) (pl. 25, figs. 7, 7a)...... 185 Alokistocare pomona, new species (pl. 25, fig. 6)............ 186 Alokistocare ? prospectense (Walcott) (pl. 25, fig. 8)........ 186 Alokistocare subcoronatum (Hall and Whitfield) (pl. 25. BPD) sn heehee Waka oN acta Shae Pal nical ols Ree 187 Alokistocare ticida, new species (pl. 26, figs. 6, 6@)........... 187 Genus) Lonchocephalus Owen. ...:0.05 706 o0 sre tee we ae «ee eee 188 Lonchocephalus appalachia, new species (pl. 35, figs. 6, 6a-e). 190 Lonchocephalus bunus, new species (pl. 34, figs. 9, 9@)....... 190 Lonchocephalus chippewaensis Owen (pl. 34, figs. 3, 3a; Plt 287s) = rsttvrn Aaa ottheloraudieialicishet stale vrata Teor aE Roe oer 190 Lonchocephalus minor (Shumard) (pl. 34, figs. 8, 8a-b)..... 192 Lonchocephalus minutus (Bradley) (pl. 34, figs. 4, 4a-g).... 193 Lonchocephalus pholus, new species (pl. 34, figs. 1, 1a-b).... 194 Lonchocephalus plena, new species (pl. 34, figs. 2, 2a)........ 194 Lonchocephalus sospita, new species (pl. 36, figs. I, Ia@)...... 195 Sav ato sta New GENUS > sicass Sete eee sae Ae ae aera bier 195 Saratogia arses, new species (pl. 35, figs. 4, 4a-b).......2.... 106 Saratogia aruno, new species (pl. 35, figs. 5, 5a-D).........-- 196 Saratogia calcifera (Walcott) (pl. 34, figs. 6, 6a-e).......... 197 Saratogia hera, new species (pl. 35, figs. 3, 3a-bD)...........-. 197 Saratogia volux, new species (pl. 35, figs. 2, 2@)............. 198 Saratogia wisconsensis (Owen) (pl. 34, figs. 5, 5a-c)........ 19 Fanny: -Geratopygidie 00 2h. Se shod Re Nets ae Da ie eee 199 Genus “Crepicephalus °OWEn as)... on a See eee 199 Crepicephalus augusta Walcott (pl. 20, figs. 6, 6a-b)........ 204 Crepicephalus camiro, new species (pl. 32, figs. 2, 2a)....... 205 Crepicephalus comus, new species (pl. 31, figs. 3, 3a)......... 205 Crepicephalus coosensis, new species (pl. 32, figs. 3, 3a-f).... 206 Crepicephalus coria, new species (pl. 33, figs. 3, 3a-g)....... 206 Crepicephalus dis, new species (pl. 32, figs. I, Id-c).......... 207 Crepicephalus iowensis (Owen) pl. 20, figs. 1, 2, 2a-f)...... 207 Crepicephalus liliana Walcott (pl. 20, figs. 5, 5a-c).......... 209 Crepicephalus texanus (Shumard) (pl. 29, fig. 7; pl. 30, figs. Ta4y AG): a iats AEE Uo 2s BE a een are 209 Crepicephalus texanus danace, new variety (pl. 29, figs. 3, 3a) 214 Crepicephalus texanus elongatus, new variety (pl. 29, figs. Ae PAG) Se seer SEA RA, AE ee se iclotelt eee s 214 Crepicephalus thoosa, new species (pl. 31, figs. 1, Ia-k)..... 214 Crepicephalus tripunctatus (Whitfield) (pl. 33, figs. 1, 1a-b).. 215 Crepicephalus tripunctatus magnispinus, new variety (pl. 33, GZS: 2), 2G=6) Gees Poe ae eka alae See eee tate 216 NO. 3 CAMBRIAN TRILOBITES 159 Descriptions of genera and species—Continued. Order Opisthoparia Beecher—Continued. Family Ceratopygide—Continued. PAGE Crepicephalus tumidus, new species (pl. 31, fig. 2)........... 217 Crepicephalus unca, new species (pl. 35, figs. 1, la-e)........ 217 Crepicephalus unzia, new species (pl. 34, figs. 7, 7a).......... 217 Crepicephalus upis, new species (pl. 33, figs. 4, 4a-d)......... 218 Crepicephalus, species undetermined (1) (pl. 32, figs. 4, 4a).. 218 Crepicephalus, species undetermined (2).................-- 218 Amphion ? matutina Hall (pl. 26, fig. 8)................--. 219 GemnSeey aa CREM Vial COLL sie rs sialeroio's orslerslainie ofisissaassia eohaenneetan 219 Wanneria walcottana (Wanner) (pl. 38, figs. 1, 2)........... 219 Bamuily. \Ony ctocepialidar SBeeCiMer occ sveic osisns aiainie)wieicis ating Sapo cee 220 Lam enel lam te wre EMU Si.) cre ctersteseit © a0i6) ot. cerove ies taleeesraisinie ote 220 Vanuxemella contracta, new species (pl. 36, figs. 4, 4a)...... 221 Vanuxemella nortia, new species (pl. 36, fig. 5).............. 222 (Gann KG ALOR NMENCCiIE! cae oc Jones CORO RAED EA ema a ia aes: Karlia minor. Walcott (pl. 36, figs. 7, 7a-c)..............-.. 224 Karha stephenensis Walcott (pl. 36, fig. 8)... 2.0 c00ccc0ce. 224 ERICA eC WV ts MISA ala i5 jee dta oa 6 0 eto ais idl S 3,015. 0. 0.5p intorw erarelarasabsloe ae 225 Hanburia gloriosa, new species (pl. 36, figs. 3, 4)........... 226 GeEMmiGElestNO i aN VAN COLL eec ose eeies tis «00s + scenes are stare a ve pune ee Tsinania cleora, new species (pl. 36, figs. 9, Qa-c)............ 227 Tsinanta elongata, new species (pl. 36, figs. 10, toa) ........ 228 (Wonmasat Gael Olina Om, erect sree lice o ale crekeiose: Sls s atopis else lend sieve cbse icone 228 PLATES 24. Acrocephalites stenometopus (Angelin), A. americanus Walcott, A. haynesi Walcott, A. multisegmentus Walcott, and A. tutus RV GLCOLESES, Shor eae eee ates halaete eee oink eles Ju Sea eeb. Semen 230 25. Acrocephalites insignis Walcott, Alokistocare subcoronatum (Hall and Whitfield), A. althea Walcott, A. labrosum Walcott, A. pomona Walcott, A. linnarssoni (Walcott), and A. prospectense (Wal- f COLE) PCa ee Te er ee ne eee eS Thine DRT OE 232 26. Acrocephalites ? majus Walcott, A. vulcanus (Billings), A. aoris Walcott, Menomonta calymenoides (Whitfield), Dresbachia amata Walcott, Alokistocare ticida Walcott, Acrocephalites glomeratus Walcott, Amphion ? matutina Hall, and Acrocephalites ? aster UVIGIGOREDT scree cscys boc, nevere svat crohely iether stetarekecierais stave teeter sratersteraetese 234 27. Norwoodia saffordi Walcott, N. gracilis Walcott, and N. simplex ELV e(6 ae erste ei ler pee RY INE Re ga A ptt Sr cn Dal Sof loa 236 28. Norwoodia ponderosa Walcott, N. tenera Walcott, Millardia semele Walcott, M. optata (Hall), and M. avitas Walcott. . er E236 29. Crepicephalus iowensis (Owen), C. texanus danace Walcott, G. ieee elongatus Walcott, C. liliana Walcott, C. augusta Walcott, and Csteranws:(Shumards) ie <3 sph care mre cavetelatel orate eletelereioin helene tele\ ers 240 Bo, Crepicepnalus iexanus (Shumatd)'.. 2s: oc cctsets nces cae ccs otaceene sc 242 31. Crepicephalus thoosa Walcott, C. tumidus Walcott, and C. comus Weal thee aceeta steccoiercrsordelrs eters ace triers oteiecite Toran toes erst ss 244 160 SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS VOL. 64 PAGE 32. Crepicephalus dis Walcott, C. camiro Walcott, C. coosensis Walcott, and. Crepicephalus Sp; undt sss setae ie ote eee ee ere 246 33. Crepicephalus tripunctatus (Whitfield), C. tripunctatus magnispinus Walcott, CG: coria Walcott and: Gy upis Walcotten.-eesee ere eaeee 248 34. Lonchocephalus pholus Walcott, L. plena Walcott, L. chippewaensis Owen, L. minutus (Bradley), Saratogia wisconsensis (Owen), S. calcifera (Walcott), Crepicephalus unzia Walcott, Loncho- cephalus minor (Shumard), and L. bunus Walcott.............. 250 35. Crepicephalus unca Walcott, Saratogia volux Walcott, S. hera Wal- cott, S. arses Walcott, S. aruno Walcott, and Lonchocephalus appalachtas Walcott: cin waxes See te ce eae eter Ole cn eee 252 36. Lonchocephalus sospita Walcott, Hanburia gloriosa Walcott, Vanuxe- mella contractor Walcott, V. nortia Walcott, Agraulos stator Walcott, Karlia minor Walcott, K. stephenensis Walcott, Tsi- nama cleora Walcott, and T. elongata Walcott................-- 254 37. Hyolithes primordialis Hall, Anomocarella onusta Whitfield, Pagodia thea Walcott, Lonchocephalus chippewaensis Owen, Menomonia calymenoides (Whitfield), Crepicephalus iowensis (Owen), Dicel- lomus politus Hall, and Obolus matinalis Hall.................. 256 38: Wanneria waleottana -CWannet): 25.0. 0. scicls'c Sot iw oi tele oat wells cere 258 INTRODUCTION The present paper is the second of this series on Cambrian Geology and Paleontology that bears the title ‘Cambrian Trilobites.” The first, published in 1908,’ includes descriptions and illustrations of a number of unusual Middle Cambrian genera and species. Several subsequent papers have dealt with trilobites of a particular family or genus or from a stratigraphic view. These include: “ Olenellus and other Genera of the Mesonacide.” [Smithsonian Mise. Coll., Vol. 53, No. 6, 1910.] “Cambrian Faunas of China.” [Jdem, Vol. 57, No. 4, 191I.] — “ Middle Cambrian Branchiopoda, Malacostraca, Trilobita, and Merosto- _ mata.” [Jdem, Vol. 57, No. 6, 1912.] “Cambro-Ordovician Boundary in British Columbia with Description of Fossils.” [Jdem, Vol. 57, No. 7, 1912.] “The Sardinian Cambrian Genus Olenopsis in America.’ [/dem, Vol. 57, No. 8, 1912.] “New York Potsdam-Hoyt Fauna.” [/Jdem, Vol. 57, No. 9, 1912.] “ New Lower Cambrian Subfauna.” [/dem, Vol. 57, No. 11, 1913.] “Dikelocephalus and other Genera of the Dikelocephaline.” [Jdem, Vol. 57, No. 13, 1914.] “Cambrian Faunas of Eastern Asia.” [Jdem, Vol. 64, No. 1, 1914.] *“ Cambrian Trilobites,” Smithsonian Misc. Coll., Vol. 53, No. 2, pp. 13-52, pls. 1-6. NO. 3 CAMBRIAN TRILOBITES 101 The memoir on the Cambrian Faunas of China‘ also contains many descriptions and illustrations of trilobites. One of the marked features of the present paper is the description of several genera of the order Proparia: Menomomia, Millardia, Dresbachia, and Norwoodia. These taken in connection with the genus Burlingia, of the Middle Cambrian, establish the existence of a strong group of the order in Cambrian time. CHANGE, IN. STRATIGRAPHIC -POSITION: OF] EAE WEEKS FORMATION®* On account of the presence of Crepicephalus texanus Shumard in the Weeks formation, the strata forming it were. referred to the Middle Cambrian. My recent studies of C. texanus and its strati- graphic and geographic range have led me to the conclusion that it is an Upper Cambrian species and that the formations containing it should be referred to the Upper Cambrian. This question will be considered in detail in a subsequent paper on the Upper Cambrian formations. DESCRIPTIONS OF GENERA AND SPECIES Order PROPARIA Beecher Family MENoOMONID, new family Proparia of primitive aspect, with large free cheeks; eyes small. Thorax with 23 to 42 segments; pygidium small. The genera referred to this family are Menomomia, Millardia, and Dresbachia. MENOMONIA, new genus General form elongate, lance-shaped, with cephalon at the broad end; strongly convex; axial and pleural lobes strongly outlined. © Cephalon transversely semicircular with rounded genal angles on the postero-lateral limbs; marginal border broad and convex on the cranidium, flattening out on the free cheeks; posterior margin strongly defined by a deep furrow that merges into the intramarginal furrow of the free cheek: Glabella truncato-conical, about one-half the length of the cranidium, and marked by three pairs of short lateral furrows; occipital ring of medium width and well defined by * Research in China, Carnegie Inst. of Washington, 1913, Vol. 3, Pub. No. 54, pp. 1-276, pls. 1-24. * Cambrian Trilobites, Smithsonian Misc. Coll., Vol. 53, No. 2, 1908, p. 14. *Nomenclature of some Cambrian Cordilleran Formations, Smithsonian Misc. Coll., Vol. 53, No. 1, 1908, p. Io. 162 SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS VOL. 64 a strong occipital furrow; frontal limb of medium width, and arch- ing up into a broad convex frontal border. Fixed cheeks narrow and separated from the glabella by a strong, narrow furrow from which they slope upward to the small palpebral lobes, which are situated opposite the anterior end of the glabella; postero-lateral limbs large, rounded at the genal angles. Free cheek elongate, broad at anterior end, where it joins the frontal limb and border. Eye lobe small and prominent at the inner anterior angle of the cheek. The facial suture cuts the outer postero-lateral side of the cephalon in advance of the genal angle, and passes almost directly inward to the base of the eye; arching over the eye, it passes with a slight outward curve forward to the front margin. Thorax with 42 segments; axial lobe convex with each segment strongly rounded; pleural lobes convex with each segment carrying a strong flat furrow from the inner end nearly to the outer termina- tion of the segment. Pygidium very small; axial lobe well defined and broken into two or three rings and a terminal section by transverse furrows; pleural lobes smooth in cast of test, but probably marked by faint, short, backward-curving furrows. Surface unknown except that the casts in a fine sandstone are smooth. Dimensions—The largest cranidium indicates that some dorsal shields had a length of at least 45 mm. Genotype—Conocephalites calymenoides Whitfield. Stratigraphic range-—Upper Cambrian: Eau Claire formation. Geographic distribution—Upper Mississippi Valley in central western Wisconsin and eastern Minnesota. ; Observations —This very remarkable trilobite resembles the genus Calymene in the form of the cranidium and free cheeks, while the thoracic segments have the straight, strong pleural furrow of Pty- choparia. The great number (42) of segments is a very primitive character and gives the thorax an annelidian aspect. MENOMONIA CALYMENOIDES (Whitfield) Plate 26, figs. 4, 4a-d Conocephalites calymenoides WHITFIELD, 1878, Ann. Rept. Geol. Survey Wisconsin for 1877, p. 52. (Original description.) Conocephalites calymenoides WHITFIELD, 1882, Geol. Wisconsin, Vol. 4, p. 170, pl. 3, figs. 2-5. (Describes and illustrates species.) Conocephalites calymenoides Whitfield, CHAMBERLIN, 1883, Geol. Wiscon- sin, Vol. 1, p. 131, fig. 17d. (Reproduces fig. 2 of Whitfield in Vol. 4.) NO. 3 CAMBRIAN TRILOBITES 163 Whitfield’s description of the cranidium and thorax as far as he knew it is very full and does not need to be repeated in detail. The cranidia are abundant in the Eau Claire sandstone at Rock Falls, Wisconsin, and the associated free cheeks which appear. to belong to them. One of these, illustrated by figure 4d, plate 26, has a small eye, and a strong marginal rim that curves backward to join the border of the postero-lateral limb in advance of the genal angle; this is rounded as seen on the right side of figure 4, plate 26. Whitfield described an incomplete thorax having 22 segments. The specimen illustrated by figures 4b and 4c has 42 thoracic seg- ments, the dorsal shield narrowing very gradually from the cephalon to the pygidium. Pygidium minute; axial lobes short and divided into two or three rings and a terminal section by shallow transverse furrows; pleural lobes smooth as far as may be determined from the cast in a fine sandstone matrix. Exterior surface unknown except that the casts in fine sandstone are nearly smooth. A specimen of the thorax and pygidium is 25 mm. in length. A cephalon of the width to correspond to the anterior segments of the thorax hasalengthof 7mm. The largest cranidium in the collection has a length of Io mm. Observations —The general characters of the species are included in the description of the genus. Formation and locality—Upper Cambrian: (78a and 98) Eau Claire formation; near Eau Claire, Eau Claire County; (83a) Rock Falls, and (100) Menomonie, Dunn County; also from (83*) Dresbach formation; lower beds just above the river, Trempealeau, Trempealeau County, both in Wisconsin. ‘Also from (84) Eau Claire formation ; Dresbach, Winona County, Minnesota. MILLARDIA, new genus General form elongate elliptical; convex; axial and pleural lobes strongly defined. Cephalon transversely broadly elliptical with genal angles rounded ; margined with a rounded distinct border and intramarginal furrow ; glabella subtriangular in outline, convex, and marked by three pairs of short lateral furrows; occipital ring and furrow strongly defined ; frontal limb short, slightly convex, and depressed between the gla- bella and the strong rounded frontal border; frontal border arched upward between the points cut by the facial sutures; fixed cheeks 164 SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS VOL. 64 narrow and elevated at the palpebral lobe; postero-lateral limbs long and retaining nearly the same width from the glabella to their outer side, which is rounded at the genal angle; palpebral lobes small, elevated, and situated opposite the anterior end of the glabella. Free cheeks large, elongate, convex, with the eye lobe at the inner anterior angle. The facial sutures cut the postero-lateral margin in advance of the genal angle and pass obliquely inward to the base of the small eye lobes, over which they curve before passing forward to the anterior margin. Thorax with 23 segments; axial lobe convex, with each segment rounded and prominent; pleural lobes flat for a short distance from the dorsal furrow, and then arched downward; pleural furrows short and narrow; segments rounded at the end of their broad faceted surface. Pygidium small, transverse; axial lobe short and divided into two or three rings by transverse furrows that are continued across the pleural lobes to their outer margin. Surface marked with very fine granulations and a few large granules that are prominent on the glabella, frontal border, and segments of the thorax. Dimensions —The largest dorsal shield has a length of 9 mm. and a width of 6 mm. at the base of the cephalon. Genotype.—Mullardia semele Walcott. The generic name is from Millard County, Utah. Stratigraphic range —Millardia semele occurs in the Weeks forma- tion of the Upper Cambrian of Utah, M. optata in the lower part of the Upper Cambrian in the Eau Claire formation of Wisconsin, and M. avitas in the Upper Cambrian of Pennsylvania. Geographic distribution—Millardia semele is from Millard County, western Utah ; M. optata is found in western Wisconsin, near Hudson, St. Croix County, and M. avitas is from Pennsylvania. Observations—The cranidium of Millardia is much like that of Dresbachia and Menomonia (pl. 26). It differs from both mainly in the character of the frontal limb and border, and also from Menomonia in having about one-half as many thoracic segments. All three genera have the facial sutures cutting the border of the cephalon in advance of the genal angle, and all agree in the eyes being situated opposite the anterior end of the glabella. NO. 3 CAMBRIAN TRILOBITES 165 MILLARDIA AVITAS, new species Plate 28, figs. 5, 5a-c This species is represented by two very distinct cranidia. These differ in so many respects from the other species of the genus that detailed description and comparisons do not appear to be necessary. The most nearly related form is M. optata (see pl. 28, figs. 4, 4a-b) from the Upper Cambrian of Wisconsin. With a strong lens the surface is seen to be roughened by minute granules of varying size. This species is of special interest, as it serves as a link between the Upper Cambrian fauna of the Appalachian trough in Pennsyl- vania and that of the Eau Claire subfauna of the Upper Cambrian of the upper Mississippian province. Formation and locality—Upper Cambrian: (107k) Buffalo Run’ limestone, 2 miles (3.2 km.) north of Benore Post Office, Center County, Pennsylvania. MILLARDIA OPTATA (Hall) Plate 28, figs. 4, 4a-f Conocephalites optatus HALL, 1863, Sixteenth Ann. Rept., New York State Cab. Nat. Hist., p. 222, pl. 5A, fig. 7, (Describes and illustrates species.) The type specimen of this species consists of the central portion of a cranidium showing the glabella, occipital ring, frontal limb and margin, and a narrow fragment of the fixed cheeks. Entire specimens of the cephalon show it to have been semicircular in outline, strongly convex, and with rounded genal angles. The glabella and other parts are essentially similar to those of the cranidium of M. semele. The differences between the two species are: the more transversely elongate outline of the cranidium of M. semele; the nearer approach of the posterior end of the facial suture to the genal angle in V/. optata. Casts of the outer surface of the test of . optata indicate that it had a granular surface. Formation and locality—-Upper Cambrian: (79c) Eau Claire formation; sandstones at Willow River Falls, a few miles from Hudson, St. Croix County; and (100a) Ettrick, Trempealeau County, both in Wisconsin. Also from (84) Eau Claire formation ; Dresbach, opposite the mouth of Black River, Winona County, Minnesota. The specimen described by James Hall is stated to have come from the “ lower beds near Trempealeau,” Wisconsin. *A provisional name suggested by Mr. E. F. Moore. 166 SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS VOL. 64 The specimens illustrating this species were collected by Mr. W. A. Finkelnburg, of Winona, Minnesota, who presented them to the United States National Museum. MILLARDIA SEMELE, new species Plate 28, figs. 3, 3a-c The generic description is based on this species as the type. It is represented in the collections by two nearly entire specimens of the dorsal shield and a number of cranidia, which are closely related in form to those of M. optata. Formation and locality—Upper Cambrian: (30n) Weeks forma- tion (Ic of section) ;* also (30 0) (1b of section) north side of Weeks Canyon, 4 miles (6.4 km.) south of Marjum Pass, House Range, Millard County, Utah. DRESBACHIA, new genus General form of cephalon transversely crescentric; the posterior margin arching forward from the lateral margins, strongly convex. Glabella subtriangular in outline and marked by three pairs of oblique, short, deep lateral furrows; occipital ring strong and sharply defined by a narrow, deep occipital furrow. The frontal limb and border appear to be represented by a narrow projection in front of the glabella that has a deep longitudinal furrow which terminates at a narrow frontal rim. The sides of the furrow appear as though the test had been folded downward, leaving only a narrow strip at the top next to the facial suture. On a small cranidium I mm. in length the frontal border projects very much as in Proampyx acuminatum (Angelin), but, unlike the nasute projection of-the latter species, it has a longitudinal furrow that extends forward from in front of the glabella, which is the beginning of the deep furrow present on cranidia 3 to 5 mm. in length. Fixed cheeks large, elongate, and arched backward; a strong intramarginal furrow extends from the dorsal furrow beside the glabella out on the cheek, where it fades away before reaching the outer margin. The palpebral lobe has not been seen; it is probably situated by the side of the narrow projection in front of the glabella or else is very small and located toward the anterior end of the fixed cheek. As the test is not preserved, there is only the cast in fine sandstone to show details of structure. * Smithsonian ‘Misc. Coll., Vol. 53, 1908, p. 178. NO. 3 CAMBRIAN TRILOBITES — 167 Free cheeks large and shaped much like those of Menomomia (pl. 26, fig. 4d), except that they curve inward anteriorly so as to form a narrow, slightly elevated portion that fitted against the side of the projection in front of the glabella; as far as can be determined, the eye was at the interior anterior end of the free cheek; posteriorly the free cheek curves in against the fixed cheek in advance of the genal angle. Dimensions. —A cranidium 7 mm. in length, including the narrow frontal limb, has a width of about 16 mm. Genotype.—Dresbachia amata Walcott. Stratigraphic range-—As far as known, the genus is found only in the sandstones of the Eau Claire and Franconia formations. Geographic distribution—Upper Mississippi Valley; central and western Wisconsin, and eastern Minnesota. Observations—Of this genus we have only the cranidium and free cheeks of one species. These indicate a type allied to Menomomia calymenoides, although the cranidia differ greatly in the form of the frontal limb and border and the free cheeks. The same is true of Millardia (pl. 28, figs. 3, 3a, 4, 4a-b) in respect to the frontal limb and border. The distinction between Dresbachia and Millardia is in the character of the frontal limb and border. Dresbachia is unique in the conformation of the narrow, deeply furrowed frontal limb. DRESBACHIA AMATA, new species Plate 26, figs. 5, 5a-c The description given of the genus Dresbachia includes what is known of the species. It has hitherto been confused with Millardia optata (Hall) (pl. 28, figs. 4, 4a-f), as the cranidia have similar fixed cheeks and glabella, but differ very much in the form of the frontal limb and border. The fragmentary remains of the cephalon are quite abundant at a number of localities, but thus far I have not learned of an entire dorsal shield having been found. Formation and locality—Upper Cambrian: (78a and 98x) Eau Claire formation; Eau Claire, Eau Claire County; (79) near Hud- son, St. Croix County; (79x) Beaver Creek, north of Galesville, Trempealeau County; (100) near Menomonie, Dunn County; and (100a) at Ettrick, Trempealeau County ; all in Wisconsin. Also from (84) Eau Claire formation; Dresbach, Winona County ; (84a) Franconia formation; River Junction, Houston County, Min- nesota. 2 - 168 SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS VOL. 64 Norwoopip&, new family Proparia with 8 or 9 segments; strongly developed spines at genal angles; eyes small, but well developed. This family combines primitive characters with those of a more highly developed type. The cranidium with its Ptychoparia-like glabella and small eyes, and the broad pleural furrows, are primitive (Calymenidz-like), while the few segments of the thorax (9) and the relatively large pygidium suggest the subfamily Phacopine. NORWOODIA, new genus General form a broad ellipse, moderately convex, with pleural lobes more or less flattened. Cephalon semicircular with the genal angles prolonged as strong spines; cranidium elongate with narrow fixed cheeks and medium-sized palpebral lobes; glabella conical and marked with three pairs of short lateral furrows; frontal limb dis- tinct or merging into the frontal border; postero-lateral limbs large, transverse, and carrying a strong spine at the genal angle; free cheeks large, roughly subtriangular, and with the eye lobe at the inner posterior angle. Thorax with eight or nine transverse segments; axial lobe strong, convex; pleural lobes with each segment having a broad, strong median furrow that terminates just within the more or less bluntly falcate pointed extremity. A sharp, slender median spine similar to the occipital spine of the cephalon occurs on the third, fifth, and seventh segments of the thorax of N. tenera, as shown by figure 2d, plate 28, which has the spine of the seventh segment attached to the axial lobe; the point of attachment is also shown on the axial lobe of figure 2b; similar thoracic spines occur on N. gracilis (fig. 2f, pl. 27) and N. simplex (fig. 3b). Pygidium transverse; axial lobe strong and divided by narrow transverse furrows into two or three rings and a terminal section; pleural lobes broad and marked by backward-curving narrow furrows. Surface minutely granular with larger scattered granules on Norwoodia tenera, which is the only species preserving the test in good condition. Dimensions.—All the species of the genus are small. A dorsal shield of Norwoodia gracilis has a length of 11 mm. One of N. saffordi, 8 mm., and the largest cranidium of N. tenera has a length of 3.5 mm. Genotype—Norwoodia gracilis Walcott (pl. 27, figs. 2, 2a-b). NO. 3 CAMBRIAN TRILOBITES 169 Stratigraphic range-—Norwoodia saffordi: Upper Cambrian; Nolichucky shale. Norwoodia gracilis, N. simplex, and N. ponderosa: Upper Cam- brian; Conasauga shale. Norwoodia tenera: Upper Cambrian; Weeks formation. The above indicates that as far as known the genus had quite a prolonged existence in Upper Cambrian time. Geographic distribution—Eastern Tennessee, northeastern Ala- bama, and the House Range of western Utah. Observations —As known to me now, this genus is an unusual form that has hitherto escaped observation. It probably originated in the Atlantic or the Appalachian Sea, where it attained its greatest development; one species, N. tenera, is a somewhat modified species from the Cordilleran area of western Utah. The species from Alabama were collected for me in the Coosa Valley by Dr. Cooper Curtice in 1885. The stratigraphy of the Conasauga formation is so difficult to work out, owing to faulting and flexing of the shales and interbedded limestones, that the exact stratigraphic position and vertical range of each species are unknown, but I think that the genus is of Upper Cambrian age and mostly of the horizon of the upper Conasauga formation in Georgia and Ala- bama, and the Nolichucky shale in Tennessee. NORWOODIA GRACILIS, new species Plate 27, figs. 2, 2a-g General forrh of dorsal shield a broad ellipse with large genal spines extending backward and outward nearly as far back as the pygidium. Cephalon convex, roughly semicircular; marginal border strong, moderately convex, and continued into the strong genal spines; posterior border narrow, and separated from the fixed cheeks by a strong furrow that merges on each side near the genal angle into the strong intramarginal furrow of the cephalon. Glabella small, rounded conical, and marked by three pairs of short glabellar furrows on each side; a shallow occipital furrow defines a median occipital ring that has a long, slender spine extending back from the posterior center of the ring; frontal limb large and gently convex to the intramarginal furrow; intramarginal furrow usually clearly defined ; frontal border flattened or slightly convex; postero-lateral limbs large and bearing a strong, slender, slightly curving spine at the genal angle. 170 SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS VOL. 64 Facial sutures as shown by figures 2, 2a, 2b, plate 27. Thorax with 9 segments; axial lobe convex, with a shallow transverse furrow on each side that serves to define a small tubercle next to the dorsal furrow; pleural lobes wide; a strong, straight furrow extends from the inner end of each segment nearly to the rounded end, which terminates itt a falcate point sloping obliquely backward. A slender, long median spine (fig. 2f) occurs on some of the axial lobes as in N. tenera (pl. 28, figs. 2d-e). Pygidium transverse; axial lobe divided into three rings and a terminal section by shallow transverse furrows; pleural lobes large and marked by four gently backward-curving furrows; border narrow. The outer surface of the test appears to have been minutely granulated, but as all the specimens are preserved in a fine argil- laceous shale, the outer surface is so injured by compression when the test was in a plastic condition that most of the irregularities, if such existed, have become obscured. Dimensions.—One entire dorsal shield has a length of I1 mm. Some cranidia indicate that others may have had a length of 13 to 15 mm. Observations —Fragments of this species are abundant in the shale, but entire dorsal shields are rare. Figure 2, plate 27, has been restored in part from several specimens, of which only one injured example shows the entire cephalon, thorax, and pygidium. The cranidium of N. gracilis differs in so many details from the other species that a comparison of the figures on plate 27 will enable the student to readily distinguish them. Formation and locality—Upper Cambrian: (goa, 91) Cona- sauga shale; Cedar Bluff, (92x, 145) Yancey’s Bend and east of Turkeytown, all three on Coosa River; and (92xx) from brook on road from Lydia Angles to Blaine, Center Township, all in Cherokee County, Alabama. 7" Upper Cambrian: (124) Nolichucky shales overlying limestone which rests on the Rogersville shale, on Big Creek, southeast of: Harlans Knob, 4 miles (6.4 km.) northeast of Rogersville, Hawkins County; and (106a) east of Shooks Ridge, in Bays Mountains, 10 miles (16.1 km.) southeast of Knoxville, Knox County, both in Tennessee. Also Conasauga formation; (g6c) shales 4 miles (6.4 km.) north- west of Rome, Floyd County, Georgia; and (358e) Birmingham City, Jefferson County, Alabama. a NOS CAMBRIAN TRILOBITES E71 NORWOODIA PONDEROSA, new species Plate 28, figs. I, 1a-b This species is represented by a number of cranidia and associated pygidia. It differs from both N. simplex and N. saffordt (pl. 27) by its much larger genal spines and the narrow, strong frontal limb that appears to be without a defined frontal border. There are slight traces of two pairs of glabellar furrows and a faint defined occipital ring which has a short median spine with a strong base. Outer surface unknown. Formation and locality—-Upper Cambrian: (goa) Conasauga shales; Cedar Bluff, Cherokee County, Alabama. NORWOODIA SAFFORDI, new species Plate 27, figs. 1, 1a-f This species differs from Norwoodia gracilis in the form of the frontal limb and border, fixed cheeks, and genal spines, and in having eight instead of nine thoracic segments. The outer surface of the test appears to have been rather strongly granulated, as shown in the matrix of the species illustrated by figure 1d, plate 27. Formation and locality—Upper Cambrian: (103, 103a) Noli- . chucky shale. Second shale south of the ridge of sandstone “ Town Knobs” on the road from Rogersville to Dodson Ford, Hawkins County; and (107a, 107b) shales in railroad cut in Bull Run Ridge, northeast of Copper Ridge, 11 miles (17.6 km.) northwest of Knox- ville, Knox County, both in Tennessee. NORWOODIA SIMPLEX, new species Plate 27, figs. 3,.3a-b This species differs in its cranidium, genal spines, and number of thoracic segments from N. gracilis; it has also a rounded appearance not seen in other species. The number of thoracic segments is eight, which is the same as in JV. saffordi. The pygidium is nearly smooth, the furrows on the axial and pleural lobes being little more than incised lines. Surface apparently finely granulated. One entire dorsal shield has a length of 1o mm. Formation and locality—-Upper Cambrian: (goa, 91) Conasauga shale; Cedar Bluff; also (145) bluffs of Coosa River, east of 172 SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS VOL. 64 Turkeytown, both in Cherokee County; and (138) shale in street | northeast of Printuf House, Gadsden, Etowah County, all in Ala- bama. Upper Cambrian: (124, 124a) Nolichucky shales overlying the limestone that is above the Rogersville shales, on Big Creek, south- east of Harlans Knob, 4 miles (6.4 km.) northeast of Rogersville, Hawkins County; also (117) Nolichucky shale; on the road north from Greeneville; and (117c) Buckingham Ford, Hollis Creek, 5 miles (8 km.) southeast of Greeneville, Greene County, all in state of Tennessee. Also (138d) Conasauga shale; 3 miles (4.8 km.) west of Rome, Floyd County, Georgia. NORWOODIA TENERA, new species Plate 28, figs. 2, 2a-g In general form the dorsal shield of this species resembles that of N. simplex (pl. 27, figs. 3, 3a), but in details it is quite distinct. It has eight thoracic segments, the pleural lobes of which have a very narrow pleural furrow and slightly falcate ends; a slender median spine occurs on the third, fifth and seventh segments of the axial lobe, as shown by figure 2e, plate 28. Surface minutely granular with a few larger scattered granules on the cephalon, thoracic segments, and pygidium. The largest entire specimen has a length of 3.5 mm. (Cepe e TaaG Pd cd Neate zat loyal teria ae eek 1.5 mm. PRORARAP ASE neti eta a ees sha 1.5 mm. Platina. aah Such tvaptea ee acess cree cael 0.5 mm The largest cranidium in the collection has a length of 4 mm., which on the basis of the entire dorsal shield mentioned would give a total length of about 9.5 mm. This small, neat species is abundant on two or three thin layers of shaly limestone of the Weeks formation. Formation and locality—Upper Cambrian: (30n) Weeks forma- tion (Ic of section), also (30 0) (1b of section); north side of Weeks Canyon, 4 miles (6.4 km.) south of Marjum Pass, House Range, Millard County, Utah. * Smithsonian Misc. Coll., Vol. 53, 1908, p. 178. Pan ei NO. 3 CAMBRIAN TRILOBITES 173 Order OPISTHOPARIA Beecher Genus AGRAULOS Corda AGRAULOS STATOR, new species ; Plate 36, fig. 6 Dorsal shield elongate, suboval in outline, moderately convex, and with a narrow, strongly defined. axial lobe. Cephalon transversely semicircular, marginal rim narrow, genal angles rounded. The facial sutures cut the rounded genal angle and extend inward with a sigmoid curve to the base of the small eye lobes; in front of the eye lobes they curve outward a very little and then inward so as to cut the anterior rim of the cephalon on a line with the base of the eyes. Glabella truncato-conical, a little more than one-half the length of the cephalon, and marked by three pairs of shallow furrows separated by a narrow, faint median ridge; occipital furrow and ring narrow and clearly defined; fixed cheeks broad and merging anteriorly into the broad and long, moderately convex and rounded frontal limb; posteriorly the fixed cheeks merge into their postero- lateral limbs, which extend outward from the base of the palpebral lobe to the genal angles; a rather strong furrow outlines a narrow posterior border which merges into the outer rim of the cephalon at the genal angles; palpebral lobes small, situated nearly opposite the anterior end of the glabella and with a narrow palpebral ridge extending inward across the broad free cheek to the strong dorsal furrow about the glabella; free cheeks of medium size and separated from the fixed cheeks only by a small, short eye. Thorax with 22 nearly transverse segments; axial lobe narrower than the pleural lobes, and with a well-defined node near the dorsal furrow on each side; pleural lobes with a strong, narrow furrow extending from near the dorsal furrow along the central part of the segment nearly to its rounded end; the anterior half of each segment has a smooth faceted surface which greatly facilitated the rolling up of the animal. Pygidium small and marked only by one or two rings on the large axiallobe. Surface apparently minutely punctate. Dimensions.—The relative size of the various parts of the dorsal shield is shown by the figures. The largest specimen has a length of 13 mm. for the cranidium and a total length of 38 mm. Observations —Comparing this species with the genotype, Agrau- los ceticephalus Barrande, we find that it is similar in general form and in having a nearly smooth glabella, a large number of thoracic segments, and very small pygidium. 174 SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS VOL. 64 The species is unusually well represented. The first and best specimens were discovered by Mrs. Helena B. Walcott in 1907 at the south base of Mount Bosworth. Formation and locality—Lower Cambrian: Mount Whyte forma- tion: (35c) drift blocks of siliceous shale supposed to have come from the Mount Whyte formation, found on the south slope of Mount Bosworth, about 500 feet (152 m.) northwest of the Canadian Pacific Railway track between Stephen and Hector, eastern British Columbia; and (35m) (Albertella zone) 3 miles (4.8 km.) south- west of the head of Lake Louise, on east slope of Mount Whyte, Alberta. Genus ACROCEPHALITES Wallerius Acrocephalites Wa.tertus, 1895, Unders. Zonen med Agnostus levigatus i Vestergotland, Lund, Sweden, pp. 52-53. The following is the Swedish diagnosis of the genus: Head agrees in form with Conocoryphe. Shell finely and regularly granu- lated. The glabella is slightly conical, bounded on all sides by deep furrows, provided with side furrows. In front of it is found a knob-shaped elevation. The anterior margin is broad with a deep intramarginal furrow. The fixed cheeks are broad. The palpebral lobes are of medium size, situated about in the middle of the cheeks. The facial sutures diverge considerably from the anterior margin to the palpebral lobes, from the latter onward they also continue outward, though somewhat less divergent, to the posterior edge. The movable cheeks are somewhat triangular, provided with spines at the angles. The other parts of the body are unknown. As previously pointed out, Acrocephalites occupies about the same position to Solenopleura, Conocephalites (Ptychoparia), etc., as Ctenocephalus to Cono- coryphe. Thus in Acrocephalites, too, it is the tubercle in front of the fore- head that is the most striking characteristic. But furthermore, other characters are found here, which justify the establishment of the new genus. As. only one species is at hand, it is impossible to determine definitely what characteris- tics are to be regarded as generic and what as specific; hence the dividing line between these becomes more or less arbitrary, and the two must accord- ingly complement each other. Genotype —Solenopleura ? stenometopa Angelin, 1851, Pal Scand., p. 28; pl. 19, fiss 4. To the preceding description of the cephalon we may now add the following: F The boss or swelling in front of the glabella is confined to the area of the frontal limb and does not extend into the frontal border. The boss may vary greatly in the same species, as is shown by A. haynesi (pl. 24, figs. 4, 4a). The fixed cheeks may be narrow as in NO. 3 CAMBRIAN TRILOBITES 175 A. stenometopus (pl. 24, fig. 1), or broad as in A. americanus (pl. 24, fig. 2). Acrocephalites haynesi (pl. 24, fig. 4) has a strong occipital spine. Thorax with 17 to 25 segments of the type of those occurring in Ptychoparia striata (Emmrich), narrow, and with an almost straight pleural furrow that begins to narrow at the genal angle of the segment. Pygidium small and with three or four narrow transverse rings that extend out on the pleural lobes as rather faint lines. The surface of all known species of the genus is more or less strongly tuberculated. Stratigraphic range——The type species occurs in the Agnostus levigatus zone of the Middle Cambrian. The American species occur as follows: Acrocephalites vulcanus, Lower Cambrian. Acrocephalites americanus, Middle Cambrian. Acrocephalites aoris, Middle Cambrian. Acrocephalites insignis, Middle Cambrian. Acrocephalites ? majus, Middle Cambrian. Acrocephalites multisegmentus, Middle Cambrian. Acrocephalites tutus, Middle Cambrian. Acrocephalites aster, Upper Cambrian. Acrocephalites haynesi, Upper Cambrian. Acrocephalites ? glomeratus, Upper Cambrian. Geographic distribution—Sweden, eastern United States in the states of Georgia, Alabama, and Vermont; western United States or Cordilleran area; in the Grand Canyon, Arizona; in Utah, and Montana. Observations —Wallerius illustrates with rather indifferent figures the cranidium and a free cheek of A. stenometopus. Through the kindness of Dr. Joh. Chr. Moberg I have had the opportunity of having an enlarged photograph made of the type specimen now in the collection of the University of Lund (pl. 24, fig. 1). The cra- nidium of A. aster (pl. 26, figs. 9, 9a-c) is closely related to that of A. stenometopus, but the nearest complete American species is A. americanus (pl. 24, figs. 2 and 3), which is fortunately represented by nearly entire specimens. The thorax has 27 segments and a small pygidium. The free cheek has a postero-lateral spine, in this respect being similar to the free cheek of A. stenometopus as illustrated by Wallerius. The thorax of A. multisegmentus has 25 or more seg- ments (pl. 24, fig. 5a). 176 SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS VOL. 64 Acrocephalites ? majus (pl. 26, fig. 1) is doubtfully referred to Acrocephalites. It is slightly distorted, but there appears to have been a boss in front of the glabella that was crossed transversely by the narrow ridge that serves to separate the frontal limb and rim. Comparison of genera—Acrocephalites differs from Alokistocare (pl. 25) in having the boss in front of the glabella limited to the frontal limb, and in having a more or less tuberculated outer surface of the dorsal shield. The outer surface of Alokistocare is more or less punctate in the type species, A. subcoronatum (pl. 25, fig. 2). The typical species of each genus are readily distinguished, but there are such species as Alokistocare labrosum (pl. 25, figs. 5, 5a), which have the Acrocephalites form of cranidium with the punctate test surface of Alokistocare. Comparing the cranidium of Acrocephalites with that of Cteno- cephalus exsulans Linnarsson, we find that both have a tuberculated outer surface, rounded boss before the glabella within the frontal limb and similar form of glabella. The absence of free cheeks and eyes on the dorsal surface of Ctenocephalus is the essential difference between the two genera. In Ctenocephalus the advance of the facial suture and eye from the ventral to the dorsal surface appears to have been retarded during the entire development and growth of the cephalon. Some of the forms referred to Inowyia* have a rounded boss on the frontal limb, but they differ so much in the appearance of the cranidium as a whole that, with the possible exception of Jnouyia titiana (Walcott), there is little risk of confusing them with species of Acrocephalites. Comparison of species—The cranidium of Acrocephalites steno- metopus (pl. 24, fig. 1) is nearer in form to that of A. haynesi (pl. 24, figs. 4, 4a) than to other species of the genus. It may have an occipital spine, but of this we have no positive information. Acro- cephalites tutus (pl. 24, figs. 6, 6a) is also to be compared with the two mentioned species, but as the specimens representing it are flattened in the shale, the element of convexity must be restored when comparisons are made. Acrocephalites insignis (pl. 25, figs. I, 1@) has the narrow fixed cheeks and frontal limb of Acrocephalites steno- metopus, but owing to the compressed and more or less macerated condition of the test it is not possible to draw detailed comparisons. * Research in China, Carnegie Institution of Washington, Vol. III, 1913, pl. 14. NO. 3 CAMBRIAN TRILOBITES 177 Acrocephalites americanus differs from Acrocephalites insignis (pl. 25, figs. 1, Ia) in its longer frontal limb and rim, proportionally broader fixed cheeks, and 17, instead of 21, thoracic segments. It is a much larger form than the genotype A. stenometopus (pl. 24, fig. 1), and differs in its longer and flatter frontal limb and less ele- vated boss on the frontal limb. i Acrocephalites ? aster (pl. 20, figs. 9, 9 a-c) has a frontal boss much like that of A. stenometopus. Comparing the thorax of those species in which it is preserved, we have the following result : Acrocephalites americanus (pl. 24, fig. 3), 18 thoracic segments. Acrocephalites insignis (pl. 25, fig. 1a), 21 thoracic segments. Acrocephalites multisegmentus (pl. 24, fig. 5a), 25 thoracic seg- ments. The three species all have very small pygidia, and the same type of thoracic segment and pleural furrow, although the pleural lobe is much narrower in A. multisegimentus. The surface of the test of A. multisegmentus is more evenly granulated than that of A. haynest. Under previous conceptions of the genus most of the species now referred to Acrocephalites and Alokistocare would have been in- cluded in Ptychoparia. ACROCEPHALITES AMERICANUS, new species Plate 24, figs. 2, 2a-b, 3, 3a-b This species is represented by beautiful specimens of the cranidium preserved as silicified casts of the test attached to siliceous nodules that occur in argillaceous shales. With one exception the specimens of the dorsal shield are from the shale; they are flattened by com- pression, and the fine surface characters of the silicified specimens are lost except for traces of the larger tubercles. Thorax with 27 transverse, narrow segments; palpebral furrow narrow, rounded, and continued well towards the outer end of the segment. Pygidium small; axial lobe with three rings outlined by transverse furrows. Surface marked by strong, scattered tubercles with a minutely granular surface between. The largest cranidium has a length of 10 mm., and belonged to a dorsal shield that was about 40 mm. in length. For comparison with other species, see notes under description of genus. 178 SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS VOL. 64 Formation and locality—Middle Cambrian: (89x) Conasauga formation. In argillaceous shale and on and in siliceous nodules imbedded in the shale, Livingston, Coosa Valley, Floyd County, Georgia. Also from (go) Conasauga shales; on Edwards farm, near Craigs Mountain, about 10 miles (16.1 km.) southeast of Center; (gox) about 5 miles (8 km.) east of Center; (112) shales in which siliceous nodules of gox are imbedded; (16d) shales one mile (1.6 km.) east of Moshat and 5 miles (8 km.) east-southeast of Center on southeast bank of a small brook; and (95) shales on Cowan Creek, 0.5 mile (0.8 km.) above Center road ford, all in Coosa Valley, Cherokee County, Alabama. ACROCEPHALITES AORIS, new species Plate 26, figs. 3, 3a-b The cranidium of this species is much like that of A. tutus (pl. 24, figs. 6, 6a). It differs in having narrower fixed cheeks; wider and stronger frontal border. The outer surface is finely tuberculated with minute depressions between them that indicate that the test is probably punctate. The form of the glabella is similar to that of A. americanus (pl. 24, figs. 2, 2a), but-other parts of the cranidium are quite different. Formation and locality—Middle Cambrian: (107d) Limestone ; 1 mile (1.6 km.) north of Henrietta, Blair County, Pennsylvania. ACROCEPHALITES ? ASTER, new species Plate 26, figs. 9, Qa-c This is a very distinct species. The narrow median swelling on the frontal limb is much like that of Acrocephalites stenometopus (pl. 24, fig. 1), and unlike the boss on other species referred to the genus. The occipital spine is broken off the specimen represented by figure gb, but it is finely shown as a cast in the shale matrix, where it has been removed by solution. Formation and locality—Upper Cambrian: (358e) Conasauga formation; buff-colored shales near street car barns, Birmingham City, Alabama; (107c) Maryville limestone, west base of Copper Ridge, 11 miles (17.7 km.) northwest of Knoxville, Knox County ; and (15) Nolichucky shale, on Buckingham Ford road, 1.5 miles (2.4km.) south of Greeneville, Greene County, both in Tennessee. NO. 3 CAMBRIAN TRILOBITES 179 ACROCEPHALITES ? GLOMERATUS, new species Plate 26, figs. 7, 7a This species, like A. ? majus (pl. 26, fig. 1), is represented by a cranidium that except for the boss on the frontal limb in front of the glabella would be referred to Ptychoparia. As in the case of Acrocephalites haynesi (pl. 24, figs. 4, 4a), there are associated cranidia that are similar to the one with the boss on the frontal limb except that they do not have the boss. The cranidia are preserved in a coarse ferruginous sandstone, and nothing remains of the test or its outer surface. In view of the above statement the species is tentatively referred to Acrocephalites. The largest cranidium in the collection has a length of 20 mm. Formation and locality—Upper Cambrian: (340c) Dark reddish brown sandstone, Rawlins, Carbon County, Wyoming. . ACROCEPHALITES HAYNESI, new species Plate 24, figs. 4, 4a-b This species is distinguished by strongly defined glabella, fixed cheeks, palpebral lobes, and frontal rim of the cranidium; also by the variability of the length of the frontal limb and the size of the boss in front of the glabella, accompanied by a coarsely granulated outer surface. It differs also in having a strong occipital spine. The larger cranidia average 8 mm. in length. This species is named after Mr. W. P. Haynes, who collected all the specimens known of it. Formation and locality—Upper Cambrian: Meagher limestone; on Pole Creek, a tributary of Cherry Creek, about 4 miles (6.4 km.) east of Madison River, Madison County, Montana. Type in. Museum of Comparative Zoology, Cambridge, Massa- chusetts. ACROCEPHALITES INSIGNIS, new species Plate 25, figs. 1, 1a-b All of the numerous specimens Of this species were flattened and more or less macerated in the mud now forming the argillaceous shale in which they occur. The species is characterized by the narrow fixed cheeks, strong palpebral lobes, and the ridges into which they merge on the fixed cheeks. The width of the frontal limb and the size of its median boss are variable, but not as much so as in A. haynesi (pl. 24, figs. 4, 4a). There is no trace of an 180 SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS VOL. 64 occipital spine, but one specimen of the thorax has a median spine on the sixth and seventh segments, and another has a similar spine on the seventh, eighth, and ninth segments. The specimen illus- trated has 21 thoracic segments. The surface is strongly granulated where well preserved. Formation and locality—Middle Cambrian: (112, 112a) Cona- sauga formation shales; about 5 miles (8 km.) east of Center, Cherokee County, Alabama. ACROCEPHALITES ? MAJUS, new species Plate 26, fig. 1 This species is represented by a single specimen of the cranidium that is flattened in an argillaceous shale. It was referred in my field notes to Ptychoparia, but the presence of the rounded boss on the frontal limb in advance of the glabella and coarse granulations on the outer surface serve to place it nearer Acrocephalites than to Ptychoparia. The granulated surface has been greatly obscured by the pressure to which the test has been subjected. In form the cranidium is similar to that of A. tutus (pl. 24, fig. 6) and com- pressed specimens of Jd. americanus (pl. 24, fig. 3a). A small median node occurs near the posterior margin of the occipital ring. The generic reference will remain doubtful until more and better preserved specimens are found. Formation and locality—Middle Cambrian: (4g) Wolsey shale; 5 miles (8 km.) east-northeast of Logan, and 1 mile (1.6 km.) north of forks of East and West Gallatin Rivers, Gallatin County, Montana. ACROCEPHALITES MULTISEGMENTUS, new species Plate 24, figs. 5, 5a This small and very distinct species has narrow pleural lobes, strongly granulated surface, and 25 thoracic segments. The pleural furrows of the thoracic segments are very narrow, short, and rather insignificant when compared with those of A. americanus (pl. 24, fig. 3a), and less so with those of A. insignis (pl. 25, fig. 1a). The frontal border and rim are somewhat similar in form to those of A. ? majus except in the upward curvature of the frontal rim and the broader base of the glabella of A. insignis. Formation and locality—Upper Cambrian: (30n, 30 0) Weeks formation; 2 miles (3.2 km.) south of Millard Pass, House Range, Utah. The horizon of 30 0 is 170 feet above that of 30n in the strati- graphic section. NO. 3 CAMBRIAN TRILOBITES 181 ACROCEPHALITES STENOMETOPUS (Angelin) ' Plate 24, figs. I, 1a-b . Solenopleura ? stenometopa ANGELIN, 1851, Pal. Scand., p. 28, pl. 10, fig. 4. Acrocephalites stenometopus (Angelin) WALLEKkIUS, 1895, Unders. Zonen med Agnostus levigatus i Vestergotland, p. 53. The type specimen of this species, a cranidium, was sent to me from the Museum at Lund. It has the front rim, the greater part of the fixed cheeks, and the palpebral lobes broken off. The descrip- tions and illustrations of Wallerius were evidently added to by observations on other specimens. A photograph of the type specimen is reproduced as figure 1, plate 24. All its characters are included in the description of the genus. The frontal limb is finely shown with its large, rounded central tubercle, but nothing is seen of the broad, anterior margin with a deep. intramarginal furrow. These features were probably pre- served on other specimens, as they are represented in the somewhat diagrammatic figures of Angelin and Wallerius. The back side of the occipital ring is broken away in the specimen illustrated by figure 1, but it may have had a spine similar in character to that of A. ? aster (see pl. 26, figs. 9, 9a). The description by Wallerius is very detailed, and I can add noth- ing for the use of the student except figures based on photographs of the specimens of the cranidium and free cheeks. Formation and locality—Middle Cambrian: (309n) Agnostus levigatus zone, Gudhem and Djupadal, Skaraborg, Vestergotland, Sweden. ACROCEPHALITES TUTUS, new species Plate 24, figs. 6, 6a The specimens of this species, like those of A. americanus pre- serving thoracic segments (pl. 24, figs. 3, 3a), have had the test softened and then compressed during the progress of the deposition and consolidation of the mud that formed the fine argillaceous shale, except that the compression and flattening were not so complete as for A. americanus. This is shown by the slight convexity of the species and the preservation of the granulated outer surface of the test. Comparisons of this species with other species of the genus are given under observations on the genus. Formation and locality—Middle Cambrian: (141) Conasauga shale; on roadside near cemetery I mile (1.6 km.) northeast of Cave Spring, Floyd County, Georgia. 182 SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS VOL. 64 ACROCEPHALITES ? VULCANUS (Billings) Plate 26, fig. 2 Conocephalites vulcanus BriLLines, 1861, Rept. Geol. Vermont, Wols2=ans 952, fig. 357. (Original description and figure.) Conocephalites vulcanus BILLincs, 1863, Geol. Canada, 1863, p. 286, fig. 296. (Original description and illustration repeated. ) Conocephalites vulcanus BiLLincs, 1865, Pal. Fossils Canada, Vol. 1, p. 14, fig. 17. (Pamphlet of 1861 republished.) Ptychoparia vulcanus (Billings) WAtcott, 1886, Bull. U. S. Geol. Survey, No. 30, p. 198, pl. 26, figs. 4, 4a. (Republished Billings’s description with comment and gives two figures.) Ptychoparia vulcanus (Billings) Watcott, 1891, Tenth Ann. Rept. U. S. Geol. Survey, p. 653, pl. 96, figs. 4, 4a. (Republished figures of 1886.) Numerous more or less distorted casts of the cranidium of this species occur in a fine decomposed ferruginous and slightly calcare- ous sandstone. The matrix of the casts suggests a granulated surface, but this may result from its fine sandy character. Although the median boss on the frontal limb suggests a reference to Acro- cephalites, the nearly smooth glabella and strong frontal rim point to some other genus that may be the representative of Acrocephalites in the Lower Cambrian formations. Both Mr. Billings and I failed to note the boss in front of the glabella. It is well defined in four specimens before me and quite small on two others. The largest specimen of the cranidium has a length of 6 mm. Formation and locality—Lower Cambrian: (25) Sandstone just above Parkers Quarry, near Georgia; also (26) northeast of the Corman farm buildings, east of Highgate Springs, both in Franklin County, Vermont. Genus ALOKISTOCARE Lorenz Alokistocare LorENz, 1906, Zeitschr. deutsch. geol. Gesellsch., Bd. 58, p. 62. General form of the dorsal shield elongate-oval, narrowing gradu- ually from the rather large cephalon to the small pygidium. Cephalon with flattened marginal rim produced into spines at the genal angles. A low rounded boss occurs in front of the glabella that usually extends across the frontal limb onto the frontal rim so as to interrupt the furrow delimiting the two. On A. labrosum (pl. 25, figs. 5, 5a) the boss does not extend onto the frontal limb, and on A. ? prospectense (fig. 8) and A. linnarssoni (figs. 7, 7a) it only par- tially interrupts the indistinct frontal furrow. Palpebral lobe and eye of medium size; palpebral ridge strongly outlined across the rela- tively broad free cheek. Gfabella defined by strong dorsal furrows NO. 3 CAMBRIAN TRILOBITES 183 and marked by two or three pairs of short lateral furrows. Free cheeks of medium size. Thorax with 17 to 19 narrow segments ; axial lobe narrow; pleural lobes broad and with well-defined furrows that extend from the dorsal furrow outward to the backward-bending genal angle, where they narrow and disappear on the smooth slope of the outer section of the segment. Pygidium small; axial lobe rather prominent and divided into about three rings by shallow, transverse furrows; pleural lobes small and marked by one or two transverse furrows. Surface slightly roughened by shallow pits when enlarged by a strong lens. Genotype.—Conocephalttes subcoronatus Hall and Whitfield. Stratigraphic range-—The genotype occurs in the lower portion of the Middle Cambrian. Alokistocare althea, A. labrosum, A. lin- narssoni, A. pomona, and A. prospectense occur in the Middle Cam- brian, and A. althea in the Upper Cambrian. Geographic distribution.—Species of the genus occur in northern Arizona, central Nevada, western and northern Utah, and northern central Montana. It appears to have been limited to the interior _ seas of the western portion of North America. Observations.—Dr. Lorenz compares the genus with his Macro- toxus and assigns to it A. subcoronatum (Hall and Whitfield) as the genotype, stating that it has long, bow-shaped eyes, punctate shell, and strong dorsal furrows about the glabella. He gained his impression of the long eyes (palpebral lobes) from Hall and Whit- field’s illustration, but this was somewhat in error, as the palpebral lobes are not over one-sixth the length of the cranidium on the type specimen of the species now in the United States National Museum collections (pl. 25, fig. 2). Lorenz did not compare it with the closely related genus Acrocephalites, owing probably to the frag- mentary specimens and incomplete illustrations of the latter genus. Comparison between the two genera is made in this paper under observations on Acrocephalites. Alokistocare althea (pl. 25, fig. 4a) has 19 thoracic segments, and - A. pomona (pl. 25, fig. 6), 18 thoracic segments. The segments are of the same type as those of Ptychoparia striata* and of Acro- cephalites americanus (pl. 24, fig. 3a). The upward-curving frontal rim or border of the type species (pl. 25, fig. 2) occurs in most of *Research in China, Carnegie Inst. of Washington, Vol. 3, Pub. No. 54, TOMI ple) figs .4- 3 184 SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS ‘COLLECTIONS VOL. 64 the species now referred to the genus, but this character is not distinct in A. labrosum (pl. 25, fig. 5), A. linnarssoni (pl. 25, figs. 7, 7a), and A. ? prospectense (pl. 25, fig. 8). This may be owing partly to the conditions of preservation of the cranidia, as the asso- ciated free cheek of A. linnarssoni (pl. 25, fig. 7a) indicates a frontal rim not unlike that of A. subcoronatum (pl. 25, fig. 2). As far as known to me, the outer surface of the test is smooth to the unaided eye and minutely roughened and apparently pitted or porous when examined with a strong lens. ALOKISTOCARE ALTHEA, new species Plate 25, figs. 3, 3a, 4, 4a This species is represented by casts of several specimens of the cranidium that are preserved in a fine sandstone matrix. Nothing is known of the surface of the test, and only indistinct traces of the glabellar furrows are to be seen. The most nearly related cranidium is that represented by figures 4, 4a, plate 25, which differs in details of frontal rim and boss. The two forms are, however, closely related and may belong to the same species, the apparent differences being caused by the condition of preservation of the specimens. Alokts- tocare althea occurs in a fine sandstone matrix, and the variety in a sandy shale; the two beds are separated stratigraphically by- 200 to 300 feet in thickness of sandy shale. The specimens preserving the thorax (figs. 4, 4a) are from the Bright Angel shale, and the cranidia represented by figures 3 and 3a I collected in 1882 in the upper part of the Tapeats sandstone, about 200 feet below the horizon in the shale. The latter are casts pre- seryed in a fine sandstone matrix. Formation and locality—Middle Cambrian: (74) Tapeats sand- stone; at the head of Nunkoweap Valley, Grand Canyon of the Colorado River; and Middle Cambrian: (74e) Bright Angel shale 100 feet (30.4 m.) above Tapeats sandstone; on west side of Cameron trail about 0.5 mile (0.8 km.) north of Indian Garden spring; south side Grand Canyon of the Colorado River, both from Coconino County, Arizona. Collected and presented by Niles J. Cameron, 1911. ALOKISTOCARE ? LABROSUM, new species Plate 25, figs. 5, 5a This species is represented by numerous specimens of the cra- nidium that have very strongly marked characters which serve to NO. 3 CAMBRIAN TRILOBITES 185 make the species an intermediate form between Conocephalites, Alo- kistocare, and Menomomia, as far as comparison may be made with the cranidia. The frontal limb with its median boss and strong, rounded frontal rim suggests Acrocephalites; the broad fixed cheeks and slightly pitted outer surface, Alokistocare, and the strongly defined subtriangular glabella and occipital ring, Menomonia. Noth- ing more is known to me of the species than is shown by the illustra- tions. The test usually adheres to the matrix so as to show its interior surface; small fragments indicate that its outer surface is pitted or punctate, which may account for its adhesion to the matrix. The largest cranidium has a length of 12 mm. Formation and locality—Middle Cambrian: (5f) limestone inter- bedded in the Wolsey shale, Meagher County, on the road to Wolsey, about 4 miles (6.4 km.) south of the divide at the head of Sawmill Creek, and 11 miles (17.7 km.) south of Neihart, Little Belt Moun- tains, Cascade County, Montana. ALOKISTOCARE LINNARSSONI (Walcott) Plate 25, figs. 7, 7a Ptychoparia ? linnarssoni Watcort, 1884, Monogr. U. S. Geol. Survey, Vol. 8, p. 47, pl. 9, figs. 18, 18a. (Description and illustrations of typical cra- nidia of the species.) This is a fine species known only by its cranidium and free cheeks, which are well shown by the illustrations. The outer surface of the test has been more or less injured by weathering, but it indicates that,it was originally minutely pitted or punctate. The character of the frontal margin of the cranidium is indicated by the flat rim of the associated free cheek, except that the rim thickens and is separated by a scarcely perceptible depression from the frontal limb. The largest cranidium in the collection has a length of 11 mm. The most nearly related species, A. ? prospectense, occurs 3,000 feet lower down in the Eureka district section. They both have a rounded frontal limb and rim, but that of A. ? prospectense is shorter, and the palpebral lobes are larger and further back on the fixed cheeks. Formation and locality—Middle Cambrian: (58) shaly lime- stones in upper beds of the Secret Canyon shale; east side of New York and Secret Canyons, Eureka District, Eureka County, Nevada. Upper Cambrian: (15j) Orr formation; southwest part Fish Spring Range; and (15t) near south end Fish Creek Range, both in Toole County, Utah. 186 SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS VOL. 64 ALOKISTOCARE POMONA, new species Plate 25, fig. 6 -General form elongate, with broad cephalon and thorax converg- ing rather uniformly to the small, narrow pygidium. The cephalon is characterized by its relatively narrow glabella and fixed cheeks and broad free cheeks. One only of the species shows the median boss of the frontal limb crossing the transverse frontal furrow. The genal angles are produced into spines that extend backward some distance beyond the ends of the thoracic segments. Thorax with 19 narrow segments; axial lobe strongly defined by its convexity; pleural lobes with the geniculation of the segments - at about two-thirds the length of the segment, where rather strong straight pleural furrows bend backward and narrow to a sharp point. Pygidium small, but details of structure unknown. Surface, as shown by casts in fine argillaceous shale, slightly roughened by shallow pits. The only nearly entire dorsal shield has a length of 6 mm. for cranidium, and 10 mm. for thorax. Observations —This fine species differs from other species referred to Alokistocare by its narrow fixed cheeks; broad free cheeks; nar- row postero-lateral limb, and elongate, narrow glabella with its faint lateral furrows. With our present information it is placed under this genus pending further discovery of closely allied forms. Formation and locality —Middle Cambrian: (159f) Wolsey shale; below Sixteen Station in Sixteen Mile Canyon, Meagher County, Montana. ; Collected and presented to U. S. National Museum by M. Collen. ALOKISTOCARE ? PROSPECTENSE (Walcott) Plate 25, fig. 8 Ptychoparia ? prospectensis Watcotr, 1884, Monogr. U. S. Geol. Survey, Vol. 8, p. 46, pl. 9, fig. 20. (Description and illustration of type speci- men of cranidium.) Ptychoparia ? prospectensis WAucortt, 1886, Bull. U. S. Geol. Survey, No. 30, p. 202, pl. 27, fig. 5. (Reprint of previous description and a poor repro- duction of illustration.) There is nothing to add to the original description of the type cranidium except to note that I now think that the “ finely granu- lose’ surface is produced by the minute ridges between shallow pits, and that the surface is characterized by shallow pits rather than fine NOS CAMBRIAN TRILOBITES 187 granulations. The resemblance to the cranidium of A. linnarssoni is mentioned in the note on that species. Formation and locality—Middle Cambrian: (52a) Prospect Mountain formation; shale interbedded in limestone 500 to 600 feet (152 to 182.8 m.) down northeast slope of Prospect Mountain, Eureka district, Eureka County, Nevada. ALOKISTOCARE SUBCORONATUM (Hall and Whitfield) Plate 25, fig. 2 Conocephalites subcoronatus Hatt and WHiTtTFIELD, 1877, Geol. Explor. For- tlethim bare Vol. 45. p11237, pl. 2 fic. 1 (Original description and illustration. ) ; Ptychoparia subcoronata (Hall and Whitfield) WaAtcort, 1886, Bull. U. S. Geol. Survey, No. 30, p. 205, pl. 28, fig. 4. (Reprints original descrip- tion and figure, and comments on species.) Ptychoparia subcoronata (Hall and Whitfield) Watcort, 1891, Tenth Ann. Rept., U. S. Geol. Survey, p. 652, pl. 96, fig. 6. (Notes occurrence of species in Lower Cambrian of New York, and reproduces figures of Hall and Whitfield.) There is little to add to the original description of Hall and Whitfield. Additional collections have afforded only the cranidia and shown that the outer surface is roughened slightly by shallow pits and possibly by puncte. The cranidium of A. subcoronatum may be compared with that of A. althea (pl. 25, figs. 3a, 4a), which is most nearly related to it. Other species have some strong points of resemblance, such as wide fixed cheeks, boss in front of the glabella, flat, slightly upward- curving frontal rim, and small to medium-sized palpebral lobes. The largest cranidium has a length of 8 mm. Formation and locality —Middle Cambrian: Type specimens from Ute limestone, base of Ute Peak, Wasatch Range; (31c, 54 0) Ute formation; 1b of section,’ Blacksmith Fork Canyon, about 10 miles (16.1 km.) east of Hyrum, Cache County, Utah. ALOKISTOCARE TICIDA, new species Plate 26, figs. 6, 6a This species is characterized by having a glabella about half as long as the cranidium; an elongate boss on the frontal limb crossing the frontal furrow; high and relatively narrow fixed cheeks; eyes posterior to the center of the cranidium; rather broad and upward- curving frontal rim, and rather short postero-lateral limbs. The glabella shows traces of three short furrows on each side. * Smithsonian Misc. Coll., Vol. 53, 1908, p. 106. 188 SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS VOL. 64 Surface more or less roughened by small, shallow and deep pits, some of which result from weathering of the surface. A cranidium 17 mm. in length has a width of about 14 mm. at the palpebral lobes. The cranidium is similar to that of A. pomona (pl. 25, fig. 6) in having narrow fixed cheeks .and palpebral lobes back of the center of the cranidium. It differs from A. subcoronatum in its narrow fixed cheeks, large size, and elevated palpebral lobes. Stratigraph- ically it occurs about 1,200 feet above Alokistocare subcoronatum in the Blacksmith Fork section.’ Formation and locality—Middle Cambrian: (55s) Bloomington formation ; 2b of section ;* about 9 miles (14.4 km.) above the mouth of Blacksmith Fork Canyon, and 15 miles (24 km.) east of Hyrum, Cache County, Utah. Genus LONCHOCEPHALUS Owen Lonchocephalus Owen, 1852, Rept. Geol. Wis., Iowa, Minn., p. 575. (De- scription. ) Lonchocephalus Hai, 1863, Sixteenth Ann. Rept. New York State Cab. Nat. Hist., pp. 147, 160. (Quotes Owen’s description and groups species belonging to several genera under Lonchocephalus, p. 160.) Lonchocephalus SHuMARD, 1863, Trans. Acad. Sci. St. Louis, Vol. 2, p. 104. (Considers Lonchocephalus chippewaensis the type of the genus, but considers the genus synonymous with Conocephalites.) Lonchocephalus Hatt, 1867, Trans. Albany Inst., Vol. 5, p. 129. (Reprint of remarks of 1863.) Lonchocephalus Owen, Miter, 1889, North Amer. Geol. and Pal., p. 555. Original description by Owen. “In this small and singular genus the highly arched glabella is either undivided, or has only two very obscure furrows. A spine of greater or less length projects back- wards from the base of the glabella, in the median line of the body over the thoracic segments (fig. 12, pl. 1A). The pygidium found associated in the same beds is semilunar, with little or no border, | and has four segments on the axial lobe.” Following the above description is the description of Loncho- cephalus chippewaensis. The generic description points clearly to this species, but the figure referred to is that of L. hamulus. The author also illustrates three cranidia of L. chippewaensis (pl. 1, figs. 6, 14; pl. 1A, fig. 9), which come within the generic description much more nearly than the cranidium of L. hamulus. The species most nearly related to L. hamulus is that illustrated and named by Owen Crepicephalus ? wisconsensis (pl. 1, fig. 13). 1Smithsonian Misc. Coll., Vol. 53, 1908, pp. 194-106. > Tdem, p. 194. NO. 3 CAMBRIAN TRILOBITES 189 Dr. James Hall (1863, pp. 147, 148) considers Lonchocephalus a synonym of Conocephalites, although realizing that to unite Crepi- cephalus and Lonchocephalus with the typical form of Conocepha- lites is difficult (p. 148). To the general description of Owen we may now add that the thorax has seven segments and that the dorsal shield is convex with an elongate oval outline. The only entire specimen has a length of 4.25 mm. Surface of the type species unknown, as all specimens are preserved as casts in a fine-grained sandstone. Specimens of L. minu- tus, L. pholus, L. plena, and L. appalachia have a more or less granu- lated surface with a shallow pitting in places. Genotype.—Lonchocephalus chip pewaensis Owen. Stratigraphic range and geographic distribution —L onchocephalus - chippewaensis, L. minor, and L. sospita occur in the Upper Cambrian Eau Claire formation, of Wisconsin and Minnesota; L. bunus in the Franconia formation, Minnesota; L. minutus in the Potsdam sand- stone, eastern New York; L. appalachia in the Maryville limestone, Alabama; L. pholus and L. plena in the Weeks formation, western Utah, all Upper Cambrian. Observations—I think the species referred to Lonchocephalus should be characterized as having a short convex glabella, short frontal limb, and narrow frontal border, median spine on the occipi- tal ring, six or seven thoracic segments, and a relatively large, well- developed pygidium with continuous border and strong axial lobe. As restricted, there are seven species now known to me: L. chippe- waensis Owen, L. minor (Shumard), L. minutus (Bradley), L.-bunus Walcott, L. sospita Walcott, L. pholus Walcott, and L. plena Wal- cott. The second species referred to Lonchocephalus by Owen, L. hamulus, is placed under the new genus Saratogia. Of named and described genera Lonchocephalus is most nearly related to Liostracus Angelin, 1854." With only the cranidia for comparison, the difference between them is in the frontal limb and rim, and the absence of well-defined glabellar furrows in Liostracus. The typical species of the latter occurs in the Middle Cambrian Paradoxides oelandicus zone of Sweden, and Lonchocephalus is an Upper Cambrian genus as far as known in America. The specific name Lonchocephalus fecundus is mentioned by Safford in a list of fossils from the Knox shale,’ but the species was not described or illustrated. = Pale Scatds: pi: ‘27: * Geology Tennessee, 18609, p. 212. 190 SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS VOL. 64 LONCHOCEPHALUS APPALACHIA, new species Plate 35, figs. 6, 6a-e This is a fine large species more nearly related in some aspects to Saratogia than to Lonchocephalus. Its conical glabella with rounded front, short frontal limb, and strong frontal border all suggest Lonchocephalus. The largest cranidium has a length of 15 mm. exclusive of the occipital spine. Surface roughened by minute granulation that appears to be formed of very irregular ridges with shallow pits between them. On some places the granulation appears to predominate, and on others the pitting. Formation and locality—Upper Cambrian: (123a) Maryville limestone; 4 miles (6.4 km.) northeast of Rogersville, Hawkins County, Tennessee; (139a) Conasauga formation in thin layer of interbedded limestone, near Chepultepec, Jefferson County, Alabama. LONCHOCEPHALUS BUNUS, new species Plate 34, figs. 9, 9a This species differs from L. chippewaensis, L. minor, and L. min- utus in its longer and more conical glabella and form of frontal rim. In the latter species the rim widens in front of the glabella, with the widening forming a blunt point extending inward towards the glabella; in L. bunus the inner side of the rim is uniformly curved and the outer side projects slightly, the rim narrowing laterally. The largest cranidium in the collection has a length of 6 mm. Outer surface unknown. Lonchocephalus bunus appears to be the representative of the genus in the Franconia formation. Formation and locality—Upper Cambrian: (99) Franconia formation; Minneiska, on the Mississippi River, near the line between Wabasha and Winona Counties, Minnesota. LONCHOCEPHALUS CHIPPEWAENSIS Owen Plate 34, figs. 3, 3a; plate 37 Lonchocephalus chippewaensis OwEN, 1852, Rept. Geol. Wis., Iowa, Minn., p. 576, pl. 1, figs. 6, 14?; pl. 1A, fig. 9. (Description and illustration of the cranidium and pygidium.) Conocephalites chippewaensis SHUMARD, 1863, Trans. St. Louis Acad. Sci., Vol. 2, p. 104. (Discusses species and considers it the type of the genus Lonchocephalus.) NO. 3 CAMBRIAN TRILOBITES Ig! Conocephalites minor Hatt, 1863, Sixteenth Ann. Rept. N. Y. State Cab. Nat. Hist., p. 149, pl. 8, figs. 1-4. (Describes and illustrates typical forms of L. chippewaensis as C. minor.) Conocephalites minor Hatt, 1867, Trans. Albany Inst., Vol. 5, p. 132, pl. 3, figs. I-4. (Reprint of paper of 1863.) The type specimens of this species were from near Menomonie, Dunn County, Wisconsin, where later collections show the cranidia and pygidia in abundance, associated with Crepicephalus iowensis and Menomonia calymenoides, which are so characteristic of the Eau Claire formation. These two species are also associated with L. chip pewaensis at Dresbach, opposite the mouth of Black River, where Shumard’s specimens of Conocephalites minor came from. Shumard states that Owen’s species, Conocephalites chippewaensis ( = Lon- chocephalus), is associated with his C. minor. I do not find them associated at either locality of L. minor, although the range of varia- tion in the glabella of L. chippewaensis sometimes brings the shorter forms of the glabella close to the glabella of C. minor. After examining a large series of specimens from various locali- ties and studying the descriptions of L. chippewaensis by Owen and his illustrations, also those of Hall, I am convinced that Haili de- scribed and illustrated Owen’s species under the impression that he was working with L. minor of Shumard. It is interesting to note that he does not refer to Owen’s species L. chippewaensis, although the two forms are so much alike. He speaks of a specimen sent him by Shumard as being more rotund and with a proportionally shorter glabella. These characters constitute the differences between L. minor and L. chippewaensis. It would seem that Owen’s species was overlooked at that time. In the vicinity of Eau Claire the species is very abundant and ranges through the middle and upper beds of the Eau Claire forma- tion; fine specimens are also abundant at Rock Falls, Dunn County. Some of the cranidia have a slight longitudinal furrow on the frontal limb in front of the glabella and a tendency of the*frontal rim to thicken and extend inward opposite the furrow. By a fortunate find at St. Croix Falls, by Dr. Samuel Weidman, we now have an entire dorsal shield. This shows seven segments and clearly indicates that Lonchocephalus differs materially from other genera of the Olenide in having a convex cranidium with an occipital spine and a less number of thoracic segments. By using the somewhat abraded dorsal shield as a base and more perfect speci- mens of the cephalon and cranidium, a restoration has been made as shown by figure 3a, plate 34. 192 SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS VOL. 64 \ Lonchocephalus pholus (pl. 34, figs. 1, 1a-b) from western Utah is much like this species, and is its representative in the Cordilleran region. Formation and locality Upper Cambrian: Eau Claire formation ; (84) Dresbach, opposite the mouth of Black River, Winona County, Minnesota. (82) On the bank of St. Croix River, at St. Croix Falls, Polk County; (82a) 25 feet (7.6 m.) above the water level near the Knapp, Stout & Co.’s building, Menomonie; (80) 0.66 miles (1.1 km.) southwest of the railway station, Menomonie; (134) banks of Red Cedar River opposite Menomonie; also (83a) Rock Falls, Dunn County; (78a and 98x) upper beds and (98) middle beds on Mount Washington, near Eau Claire, Eau Claire County; and (100a) Ettrick, Trempealeau County; all in Wisconsin. LONCHOCEPHALUS MINOR (Shumard) Plate 34, figs. 8, 8a-b Conocephalites minor SHUMARD, 1863, Trans. St. Louis Acad. Nat. Sci., Vol. 2, p. 105. (Describes but does not illustrate species.) Ptychoparia minor Watcott, 1884, Monogr. U. S. Geol. Surv., Vol. 8, p. 91. (Species referred to Pitychoparia.) Not Conocephalites minor Hatt, 1863, Sixteenth Ann. Rept. N. Y. State Cab. Nat. Hist., p. 140, pl. 8, figs. 1-4. Not Conocephalites minor Hatt, 1867, Trans. Albany Inst., Vol. 5, p. 132, pl. 3, figs. 1-4. Original description—Very small; glabella well defined by linear dorsal furrows, subcircular, much elevated above the cheeks, regu- larly convex, slightly longer than wide, marked on either side with two short, deep lateral furrows, which are directed obliquely back- wards and reach not quite one-third the distance across; neck furrow linear, distinctly but not deeply impressed, sinuate, arched forward in the middle; neck segment short triangular, gently con- vex, not elevated, posterior angle terminating in a delicate acicular spine, which is prolonged backwards, its length unknown; front margin narrow, convex; cheeks rounded, having very delicate ocular ridges, which pass from the eyes in a short curve to reach the glabella, a short distance in advance of the anterior glabellar furrow. “Length of head, 0.10 of an inch; length of glabella, 0.08. “The glabella of this species has the form and convexity of C. (Monocephalus) globosus of Billings; but the latter is destitute of lateral furrows, and the neck segment is not triangular as in our species.” * *Shumard, Trans. St. Louis Acad. Nat. Sci., Vol. 2, p. 105. NO. 3 CAMBRIAN TRILOBITES 193 Lonchocephalus minor differs from L. chippewaensis in having a proportionally shorter more rotund glabella, almost no frontal limb, and usually with a slight incurving of the frontal furrow toward the longitudinal axis of the glabella. Formation and locality—-Upper Cambrian: (84) Eau Claire formation; Dresbach, opposite the mouth of Black River, Winona County, Minnesota. This is the type locality of the species. Also from (79x) Eau Claire formation; near flour mill on Beaver Creek, north of Galesville, Trempealeau County, Wisconsin. LONCHOCEPHALUS MINUTUS (Bradley) Plate 34, figs. 4, 4a-g Conocephalites minutus BrapLey, 1860, American Journ. Sci., 2d ser., Vol. 30, pp. 241-242, text figs. 1-3. (Detailed description of species, with note by E. Billings.) Conocephalites minutus Bitincs, 1860, Idem, pp. 242-243 (discussion of species), and pp. 337-338, text figs. 4a-c. (Additional data on species and further discussion of it.) Conocephalites minutus BravLey, 1860, Can. Nat. and Geol., Vol. 5, pp. 420- 421, and text figs. 1-3. (Reprint of paper in American Journal of Science noted above.) Conocephalites minutus Brti1ncs, 1860, Idem, pp. 422-425, and text figs. 4a-c. (Reprint of two notes in American Journal of Science noted above. ) Conocephalites minutus BraApvLEy, 1861, Proc. American Assoc. Adv. Sci. Vol. 14, pp. 161-163, and text figs. 1-3. (Reprint of paper mentioned in first reference.) Conocephalites minutus BiLtincs, 1861, Idem, pp. 163-166, and text figs. 4a-c. (Reprint of his two notes mentioned in the second reference.) Conocephalites minutus Hatt, 1863, Sixteenth Ann. Rept., New York State Cab. Nat. Hist., pp. 150-151, pl. 8, figs. 5-7. (Describes species and compares it with C. minor.) Conocephalites minutus Hatt, 1867, Trans. Albany Inst., Vol. 5, pp. 134-135, pl. 3, figs. 5-7. (Reprint of the preceding reference, with same figures.) Ptychoparia minutus Watcott, 1884, Monogr. U. S. Geol. Surv., Vol. 8, p. 91. (Refers to species and places it under Ptychoparia.) Ptychoparia minuta Watcott, 1912, Smithsonian Misc. Coll., Vol. 57, No. 9, pp. 267-268, pl. 43, figs. 20-24. (Observations and illustrations.) The study of the genus Lonchocephalus has led to its restriction to the form closely related to the type species L. chippewaensis, and this brings Bradley’s species minutus under Lonchocephalus. It is a small form represented by cranidia and pygidia, and it very closely resembles L. chippewaensis. One of the points of difference is its flattened frontal rim. IQ4 SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS VOL. 64 Formation and locality—Upper Cambrian: Potsdam sandstone formation; (77) near the water level below the falls at the high bridge and also at several horizons in the section above, the highest point being 70-75 feet (21.3 to 22.9 m.) above the water, Ausable Chasm, near Keeseville, Essex County: (136a) in sandstone on a large brook at a point on the Mineville Railroad at the turning of the first Y near Port Henry, Essex County; (109) in sandstone 25 feet (7.6 m.) above the Archean, 1.5 miles (2.4 km.) south of Deweys Bridge on the Champlain Canal, Washington County; (110a) in sandstone a little above and east of the canal road, north end of town of Whitehall, Washington County; and (111) at the top of the Potsdam sandstone on Marble River, 1 mile (1.6 km.) south of Chateaugay, Franklin County; all in New York. LONCHOCEPHALUS PHOLUS, new species Plate 34, figs. 1, 1a-b This species is known only from the cranidium. It differs from L. chippewaensis Owen and L. minutus (Bradley) in details of the glabella, fixed cheeks, and frontal limb. The cranidium is less con- vex and the occipital spine stronger than in the species mentioned. The surface appears to be finely granulated as in L. plena, and also to have shallow pits scattered over it. The associated L. plena (pl. 33, fig. 2) has a shorter frontal limb and a convex and evenly rounded glabella. The largest cranidium has a length of 6 mm. exclusive of the occipital spine. Formation and locality—Upper Cambrian: (30n) Weeks forma- tion (1c of section), also (30 0) (1b of section); north side of Weeks Canyon, 4 miles (6.4 km.) south of Marjum Pass, House Range, Millard County, Utah. ; LONCHOCEPHALUS PLENA, new species Plate 34, figs. 2, 2a This species is represented by a cephalon and several cranidia. It differs from the associated L. pholus in the outline of the glabella, short frontal limb, and very narrow fixed cheek. Surface of test apparently finely granulated and with shallow pits scattered irregularly on it. The largest cranidium has a length of 3.5 mm. exclusive of the . occipital spine. * Smithsonian Misc. Coll., Vol. 53, 1908, p. 178. NOS CAMBRIAN TRILOBITES 195 Formation and locality—Upper Cambrian: (30 0) Weeks forma- tion (1b of section) ; north side of Weeks Canyon, 4 miles (6.4 km.) south of Marjum Pass, House Range, Millard County, Utah. LONCHOCEPHALUS SOSPITA, new species Plate 36, figs. 1, Ia This species is represented by several small cranidia on a fragment of sandstone as shown by figure 5. The broadly rounded, nearly transverse front of the conical glabella, swollen frontal limb, and very narrow, thread-like frontal rim serve to distinguish it from other species of the genus. The largest cranidium has a length of 4 mm. Surface unknown. Formation and locality—Upper Cambrian: (339k) Eau Claire formation; near Winona, Winona County, Minnesota. Specimen collected and presented to the United States National Museum by Mr. W. A. Finkelnburg, of Winona. SARATOGIA, new genus This genus is known only by the cranidia and free cheeks of the cephalon, fragments of the thoracic segments, and the pygidium. The cranidium and free cheeks are not unlike those of Crepi- cephalus iowensis Owen and Ptychoparia diademata except that the fixed cheeks are narrow in Saratogia and there is a long spine on the occipital ring. The pygidia associated with Saratogia calcifera and S. wisconsensis and referred to those species are small and similar in type to the pygidium of Ptychoparia kochibei.’ The surface of the test of Saratogia calcifera is thickly studded with small, low granules. The cranidia of the species referred to the genus indicate a length of from 40 to 45 mm. for the dorsal shield. Genotype—Conocephalites calciferous Walcott (1879, Thirty- second Ann. Rept. New York State Mus., pp. 129-130). Stratigraphic range and geographic distribution.—Saratogia cal- cifera is found in the Upper Cambrian Hoyt limestone of New York; S. arses in the Nolichucky formation, Tennessee ; .S. wisconsensis and S. volux in the Eau Claire formation; S. hamulus and S. hera in the Franconia formation of Wisconsin, and S. tellus in the Middle Cam- brian, Kiu-lung group of Shantung, China. Observations —The genus Saratogia differs from Ptychoparia’ in the form of the glabella, narrow fixed cheeks, large eyes, and the “Research in China, Carnegie Institution of Washington, 1913, Vol. 3, Pub. No. 54, pl. 12, figs. 5, 5a. * Syst. Sil. du Bohéme, Vol. 1, 1852, pl. 20, fig. 30. 196 SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS VOL. 64 concave curvature of the frontal limb and border. It has very little in common with Lonchocephalus chippewaensis, the genotype of the genus Lonchocephalus, under which all the species now included under Saratogia have been included. j The species now referred to Saratogia are: Saratogia arses, n. sp. (pl. 35, figs. 4, 4a-b). Saratogia aruno, n. sp. (pl. 35, figs. 5, 5a-b). Saratogia calcifera (Walcott) (pl. 33, figs. 6, 6a). Saratogia hamulus (Owen) [Sixteenth Ann. Rept. New York State Cab. Nat. Hist., 1863, pl. 7, figs. 43, 44]. Saratogia hera, n. sp. (pl. 35, figs. 3, 3a-b). Saratogia tellus (Walcott) [Research in China, Carnegie Institution of Washington, No. 3, Vol. 54, 1913, pl. 14, fig. 1]. Saratogia volux,n. sp. (pl. 34, fig. 3). Saratogia wisconsensis (Owen) (pl. 34, figs. 5, 5a-c) [See Hall, Sixteenth Ann. Rept. New York State Cab. Nat. Hist., 1863, pl. 7, figs. 39-41; pl. 8, figs. 22, 23, 24, 27, 28. Walcott]. The occurrence of Saratogia hamulus (Owen) in the Yellowstone National Park is quite probable, but not proven by reliable speci- mens.” SARATOGIA ARSES, new species Plate 35, figs. 4, 4a-b This is a small species represented by a cranidium about 4 mm. in length exclusive of the occipital spine. It differs from the somewhat similar species S. aruno (pl. 35, fig. 5) and S. wisconsen- sis (pl. 34, fig. 5) in form of glabella and in the greater convexity of the glabella. The outer surface of the test appears to be nearly smooth. The occurrence of this species in one of the thin gray limestone layers in the Nolichucky shale is interesting, as it serves to connect the Upper Cambrian fauna of the Appalachian region and that of the upper Mississippian area. Formation and locality—Upper Cambrian: (173) Nolichucky formation; Maryville, Blount County, Tennessee. SARATOGIA ARUNO, new species Plate 35, figs. 5, 5a-b This small species is represented by a cranidium that is very much like that of Saratogia wisconsensis (pl. 34, fig. 5), and it may be that with more and better specimens it will be decided that the two are specifically identical. * Monogr. 32, U. S. Geol. Survey, 1899, p. 461. NO. 3 CAMBRIAN TRILOBITES 197 The cranidium illustrated has a length of 3 mm. exclusive of the occipital spine, and occurs in a fine argillaceous shale. Formation and locality—-Upper Cambrian: (128) Conasauga formation; 1.5 miles (2.4 km.) southwest of Cleveland, Bradley County, Tennessee. SARATOGIA CALCIFERA (Walcott) Plate 34, figs. 6, 6a-e Genocephaliies calciferous WAtcott, 1879, Thirty-second Ann. Rept. New York State Mus., pp. 129-130. (Description of species.) Ptychoparia calcifera (WatcoTT), 1886, Bull. U. S. Geol. Surv., No. 30, p. 21. (Name in list of species.) Ptychoparia calcifera (Walcott) Dwicut, 1887, Trans. Vassar Bros. Inst., Vol. 4, pp. 207-208. (Species mentioned in text.) Ptychoparia calcifera (Walcott) LrEsLey, 1889, Geol. Surv. Pennsylvania, Rept. P 4, Dictionary of Fossils, Vol. 2, p. 831. (Text fig. 1 reproduced from drawing sent him by Walcott.) Ptychoparia calcifera WELLER, 1903, Geol. Surv. New Jersey, Rept. on Pal., Vol. 3, The Paleozoic Faunas, pl. 1, fig. 14. (Illustrates a fragment doubtfully referred to this species.) Lonchocephalus calciferus (Watcott), 1912, Smithsonian Misc. Coll., Vol. 57, No. 9, pp. 270-272, pl. 43, figs. 7-10. (Repeats earlier description and adds further observations. ) This species has been recently described in this series of papers. The illustrations are reproduced for comparison with the type species of the genus Lonchocephalus (pl. 34, figs. 3, 3a-b). Saratogia calcifera is made the genotype of Saratogia on account of its being in a much better state of preservation than other species referred to the genus. Formation and locality —Upper Cambrian: Hoyt limestone; (76) arenaceous limestone at Hoyts quarry, 4 miles (6.4 km.) west of Saratoga Springs, Saratoga County; (76a) in a railroad quarry, 1 mile (1.6 km.) north of Saratoga Springs, Saratoga County; and in arenaceous limestone, 2 miles (3.2 km.) south of Poughkeepsie, Dutchess County; all in New York. | SARATOGIA HERA, new species Plate 35, figs. 3, 3a-b This is essentially similar to S. wisconsensis with a glabella of the Conaspis shumardi form. Only the cranidia are preserved, along with scattered thoracic segments bearing a long, slender, backward- extending spine on the axial lobe. 198 SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS VOL. 64 Surface unknown. The largest cranidium has a length of 14 mm. exclusive of the occipital spine. Formation and locality—-Upper Cambrian: (98a) Franconia formation; Marine Mills, Washington County, Minnesota. SARATOGIA VOLUX, new species Plate 35, figs. 2, 2a This species is known only by the cranidium. It is associated with Lonchocephalus chippewaensis Owen, but the nearest related form is Saratogia wisconsensis (Owen). It differs from the latter in having a more conical glabella, shorter frontal limb, proportionally wider frontal border, and shorter median spine on the occipital ring. The palpebral lobes are about one-fourth the length of the cranidium. Surface unknown. The largest cranidium has a length of 8 mm. exclusive of the occipital spine. Formation and locality—Upper Cambrian: (78a) Eau Claire formation; upper quarry on Mount Washington, near Eau Claire, Eau Claire County, Wisconsin. SARATOGIA WISCONSENSIS (Owen) Plate 34, figs. 5, 5a-c Crepicephalus ? wisconsensis OWEN, 1852, Rept. Geol. Surv. Wis., Iowa, Minn., pl. 1, fig. 13. (Illustrates a cranidium. ) Conocephalites wisconsensis HALL, 1863, Sixteenth Ann. Rept. New York State Cab. Nat. Hist., p. 164, pl. 7, figs. 39-41 (42); pl. 8, figs. 22-24, 27, 28; p. 147 (obiter). (Describes and illustrates species.) Conocephalites wisconsensis SHUMARD, 1863, Trans. Acad. Sci. St. Louis, Vol. 2, p. 103. (Comments upon and gives additional information, but not as complete as Hall.) Dikelocephalus latifrons SHUMARD, 1863, Idem, p. ot. (Describes a broken cranidium subsequently referred to Conocephalites wisconsensis by Hall.) Conocephalites latifrons HA, 1863, Sixteenth Ann. Rept. New York State Cab. Nat. Hist., p. 122 (gen. ref.), p. 165, pl. 7, fig. 40. (Refers species to C. wisconsensis, and illustrates type specimen of Shumard.) Conocephalites wisconsensis Hatt, 1867, Trans. Albany Inst., Vol. 5, p. 130 (obiter), p. 151, pl. 2, figs. 39-41; pl. 3, figs. 23-24, 27, 28. (Reprint of description and illustrations of 1863.) Anomocare wisconsensis (Hall) Dames, 1883, Richthofen’s China, Berlin, Vol. 4, p. 15 (gen. ref.). (Refers Hall’s Conocephalites wisconsenstis, 1863, pl. 7, fig. 39; pl. 8, figs. 22-24, 27, 28, to Anomocare.) Conocephalites wisconsensis (Owen) CHAMBERLIN, 1883, Geol. Wis., Vol. 1, p. 131. (Reproduces figures of cranidium and free cheek after Hall, 1863.) NO. 3 CAMBRIAN TRILOBITES 199 Ptychoparia (Lonchocephalus) wisconsensis (OQwen) WaAtcortt, 1899, Monogr. U. S. Geol. Surv., Vol. 32, Pt. 2, p. 461, pl. 64, figs. 1, Ia-b. (Notes occurrence in Wyoming, and illustrates. By error a pygidium of Ptychoparia ? diademata Hall is referred to this species, pl. 64, fig. Ic, and a cranidium of Saratogia hamulus (Owen), fig. 1b.) Ptychoparia (Lonchocephalus) wisconsensis (Owen) Walcott, GRaBAU and SHIMER, 1910, North American Index Fossils, Vol. 2, p. 277. (Notes occurrence of species.) This species is known only by the cranidium, free cheeks, and possibly pygidium. In the Franconia formation of Wisconsin and Minnesota it occurs in the form of casts in fine-grained sandstone, and its outer surface is not preserved, and the same is true of the specimens from the Yellowstone National Park, which are slightly eroded as they occur on the limestone slabs. Saratogia wisconsensis differs from S. calcifera in many details of the cranidium, notably in the frontal limb and rim. It is quite unlike S. hamulus (Hall). Formation and locality—Upper Cambrian: (151e) Gallatin lime- stone; north side of Soda Butte Creek, below saddle on ridge between Pebble Creek and Soda Butte Creek, Crowfoot section, northeastern corner of Yellowstone National Park, Wyoming. Also (79) Eau Claire formation; Hudson, St. Croix County ; (gga). Franconia formation; near Pilot Knob, Adams County ; (83°) Trempealeau, Trempealeau County ; all in Wisconsin. Also Franconia formation; (97) Reeds Landing, foot of Lake Pepin, Wabasha County ; and (339g) near Winona, Winona County ; both in Minnesota. And (86c) Eau Claire formation; Lansing, Allamakee County, Iowa. Southeast of city at low-water mark. This species occurs at other localities in Wisconsin and Minnesota, but at present I do not have specimens before me for identification except from those given above. Family CERATOPYGID Genus CREPICEPHALUS Owen Crepicephalus Owen, 1852, Rept. Geol. Surv. Wis., Iowa, Minn., p. 576, pl. I, fig. 8, tab. Ai, figs. 10, 16, 18. (Describes genus and refers to figures of cranidium and pygidium of the species C. iowensis.) Crepicephalus Hatt, 1863, Sixteenth Ann. Rept. N. Y. State Cab. Nat. Hist., p. 147. (Reprints Owen’s description, and comments on genus. Refers species C. iowensis to Conocephalites.) Crepicephalus SHUMARD, 1863, Trans. Acad. Sci. St. Louis, Vol. 2, p. 103. (Considers Crepicephalus as identical with Conocephalites.) Crepicephalus Hatt, 1867, Trans. Albany Inst., Vol. 5, p. 130. (Reprint of paper of 1863.) 4 200 SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS VOL. 64 Crepicephalus Hatt and WuitFietp, 1877, U. S. Geol. Expl. goth Parl., Vol. 4, p. 209. (Discuss Crepicephalus as a possible synonym of Loganellus Devine, and refer a new species of Ptychoparia named haguei to Crepicephalus (Loganellus), also the new species nitidus, granulosus, maculosus, unisulcatus, simulator, anytus, and angulatus, none of which belong to Crepicephalus.) Crepicephalus Watcortt, 1884, Bull. U. S. Geol. Surv., No. 10, p. 35. (Calls attention to placing of species referred to Crepicephalus (Loganellus) by Hall and Whitfield under Ptychoparia and remarks on Crepicepha- lus.) Crepicephalus Watcott, 1886, Idem, No. 30, p. 206. (Quotes Owen’s description and remarks, and concludes that Dikelocephalus ? iowensis should be taken as the genotype.) Crepicephalus Owen, Mitirer, 1889, North Amer. Geol. and Pal., p. 540. (Gives a generic description and refers to C. iowensis Owen as the type of the genus, also includes many species of other genera under Crepicephalus.) Crepicephalus Vocpes, 1890, Bull. U. S. Geol. Surv., No. 63, p. 105. (Con- cludes that Owen described a true Ptychoparia and not a new generic form.) Crepicephalus Vocpres, 1893, Cal. Acad. Sci., Occ. Pap., Vol. 4, p. 293. (Reprint of comments of 1890.) Crepicephalus Watcott, 1899, Monogr. U. S. Geol. Surv., Vol. 32, Pt. 2, p. 459. (Gives reasons for using C. towensis as the type of the genus, and illustrates an entire dorsal shield of an allied species, C. texanus (pl. 55, fig. 5)-) Crepicephalus Owen, GraBAu and Sumer, 1910, North American Index Fossils, Vol. 2, p. 283. (Brief diagnosis of genus.) The cephala of the species referred to Crepicephalus vary in details, but all have the elongate glabella with sides converging towards the front, and two or three pairs of more or less distinctly defined short glabella furrows; the occipital ring may have a strong median spine, C. tripunctatus magnispinus, or a minute node at its center, C. iowensis. The frontal limb may be short and convex, C. iowensis, or broad and depressed, C. tevanus; the frontal furrow may be narrow and simple, C. iowensis, or broad and marked by three relatively large pits; the frontal border may be narrow and wire-like, C. towensis, or broad and flattened, C. texanus. In all species the eyes are of medium size, centrally placed, and with a narrow ridge crossing the fixed cheek from the palpebral lobe to the dorsal furrow near the anterior end of the glabella. The free cheeks all have a rather strong genal spine. The course of the facial suture is similar to that of Ptychoparia. The thorax has from 12 to 14 transverse segments; pleural furrows well defined, and termination of pleural lobes of each seg- ment slightly falcate. NOD 3 CAMBRIAN TRILOBITES 201 The pygidia may be arranged in two groups: First, the C. towen- sis group, in which the postero-lateral margin of the pygidium extends backward on each side from a broad base into a sharp narrow spine. Second, the C. texanus group, in which the postero- lateral spines are long, slender, and attached to the side of the pleural lobe above the margin. The latter appears to be the oldest form, as it occurs with C. augusta and C. liliana (pl. 29) of the upper beds of the Lower Cambrian, and also with the Middle Cambrian species of China, C. convexus.* One of the Chinese species, C. damia, has an associated pygidium * that is similar in appearance to the pygidium of C. texanus. The surface of the C. iowensis group of species is smooth to the unaided eye, but slightly roughened by fine pitting when seen with a strong lens. The C. texanus group of species all have a more or less decided granulation. The test of all known species of the genus in which it is preserved is pitted and apparently punctate. The various species now referred to Crepicephalus may be grouped as follows: Crepicephalus towensis group: Test nearly smooth, probably punctate, frontal furrow of cranidium narrow and simple; pygidium transverse with border extended into broad-based sharp postero- lateral spines. Species: C. towensis (pl. 29), C. camiro (pl. 32), C. convexus (China), C. coosensis (pl. 32), C. dis (pl. 32), C. mag- nus (China), C. undt. spp. (pl. 32, figs. 4 and 4a). Crepicephalus texanus group: Test granulated, probably punc- tate; frontal furrow of cranidium usually broad and strong, with three marked pits in front of the glabella; pygidium slightly trans- verse with a narrow, long spine coming out of the pleural lobe on each postero-lateral side. Species: C. texanus (pl. 30), C. comus (pl. 31), C. coria (pl. 33), C. damia (China), C. texanus danace (pl. 29), C. texanus elongatus (pl. 29), C. thoosa (pl. 31), C. tn- punctatus (pl. 33), C. tripunctatus magnispinus (pl. 33), C. tumidus (pleat): The species C. tripunctatus and variety magnispinus differ from all other known species of the genus in having a strong occipital spine. Genotype —Dikelocephalus ? iowensis Owen.’ * Research in China, Carnegie Institution of Washington, Vol. 3, 1913, pp. 140-142, pl. 13, fig. 16b. * Idem, pl. 13, fig. 14b. 2 Rept. Geol. Surv. Wis., Iowa, Minn., 1852, p. 575, pl. 1, fig. 4; pl. 1A, fig. 13. 202 SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS VOL. 64 Dr. Owen describes the genus Crepicephalus (1852), but does not mention a species as the type species or apply the name to the form which he describes generically. He refers in his generic descrip- tion to several figures; the first is figure 16 of plate 1A. This has in it two pygidia and two cranidia of C. iowensis. He also refers to figures 10 and 18 of the same plate, both of which have a cranidium of C. iowensis on the rock. The associated pygidia that he refers to and illustrates by figure 8 of plate I and figure 16 of plate IA both belong to C. iowensis. Apparently by error, Dr. Owen placed the species C. towensts under the genus Dikelocephalus and in the description of the plate as Dikelocephalus ? iowensis. In view of the references to the figures in the generic description, and evident error in referring the species 1owensis to the genus Dikelocephalus, the cranidium of which it does not resemble in any respect, I think we should assume without question that the species towensis is the type of the genus Crepicephalus. It is also to be noted that in the description of figure 13, plate I, by Owen, the species wisconsensis is referred with a query (?) to the genus Crepicephalus. No reference, however, is made to that species in the text. Messrs. Hall and Whitfield, in describing Cambrian trilobites from Utah and Nevada, discussed the genus Conocephalites and revived Crepicephalus as a subgenus equivalent to Loganellus of Devine. They did not, however, describe the genus Crepicephalus, but referred a number of species to it which possess more or less distinctly marked “ slipper-shaped ” glabellae. Prof. Whitfield sub- sequently used the genus in his description of Crepicephalus (Logan- ellus) montanensis* in the Paleontology of the Black Hills of Dakota.’ But later (1882) he omitted reference to Loganellus in describing Crepicephalus onustus.’ Stratigraphic range -—Lower Cambrian: Upper beds: C. augusta, C. liana. Middle Cambrian: C. convexus, C. damia, C. magnus, from China ; C. coosensis, from Alabama. Upper Cambrian: C..iowensis, C. camiro, C. comus, C. coria, C. texanus, C. texanus danace, C. texanus elongatus, C. thoosa, C. tri- punctatus, C. tripunctatus magmispinus, C. tumidus, C. unca, C. unzia, C. upis, C. undt. spp. 1 Bull. U. S. Geol. Survey, No. 30, 1886, p. 141. * Rept. Geology and Resources of the Black Hills (Jenney), 1880, pp. 341-343. 3 Geol. Wisconsin, Vol. 4, 1882, p. 182. NO. 3 CAMBRIAN TRILOBITES 203 Geographic distribution—Appalachian Province: Virginia to Alabama. Mississippian Province: Wisconsin, Texas. Cordilleran Province: Montana, northern Wyoming, Utah. China: Southwestern Manchuria, Shantung. Australia: Gipps- land, Victoria. Identified from a pygidium.’ Observations—This is a very valuable genus to the stratigraphic geologist, owing to the wide distribution of several of the species, notably C. texanus, C. thoosa, and C. tripunctatus. With more thor- ough and systematic collecting, it will undoubtedly furnish very important data for the subdivision of the various formations in which the species and varieties occur. The persistence of a con- siderable range of variation among the cranidia of C. texanus at the several localities where the species occurs serves to strengthen the identification of that species in Texas, Arizona, Wyoming, and Alabama. The genus falls into the family Ceratopygide.* The relatively large pygidium with its postero-lateral spines is characteristic of other genera referred to the family. The species now referred to Crepicephalus are: Crepicephalus augusta Walcott (pl. 20, figs. 6, 6a-b). Crepicephalus camiro Walcott (pl. 32, figs. 2, 2a). Crepicephalus comus Walcott (pl. 31, figs. 3, 3a). Crepicephalus convexus Walcott [The Cambrian Faunas of China, Walcott, Carnegie Institution of Washington, Vol. 3, Pub. No. 54, 1913, p. 140, pl. 13, figs. 16, 16a-b]. Crepicephalus coosensis Walcott (pl. 32, figs. 3, 3a-f). Crepicephalus coria Walcott (pl. 33, figs. 3, 3a-g). Crepicephalus dis Walcott (pl. 32, figs. I, Ia-c). Crepicephalus damia Walcott [The Cambrian Faunas of China, supra, p. 141, pl. 13, figs. 14, 14a-b]. Crepicephalus etheridget Chapman [Proc. Royal Soc. Victoria, n. s., Vol. 23, p. 319, pl. 58, fig. 8.. Locality, Dolodrook River, N. E. Gippsland, Victoria]. Crepicephalus iowensis (Owen) (pl. 20, figs. I, 2, 2a-f). Crepicephalus liiana Walcott (pl. 20, figs. 5, 5a-c). Crepicephalus texanus (Shumard) (pl. 29, fig. 7; pl. 30, figs. 1-4, 4a). Crepicephalus texanus danace Walcott (pl. 20, figs. 3, 3a). Crepicephalus texanus elongatus Walcott (pl. 29, figs. 4, 4a). Crepicephalus thoosa Walcott (pl. 31, figs. 1, 1a-k). Crepicephalus tripunctatus (Whitfield) (pl. 33, figs. 1, Ia). Crepicephalus tripunctatus magnispinus Walcott (pl. 33, figs. 2, 2a-c). Crepicephalus tumidus Walcott (pl. 31, fig. 2). ; * Crepicephalus etheridget Chapman. * Text-book of Paleontology, Zittel-Eastman, 1913, Vol. 1, p. 717. 204 SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS VOL. 64 Crepicephalus unca Walcott (pl. 35, figs. I, Ia-e). Crepicephalus unsia Walcott (pl. 34, figs. 7, 7a). Crepicephalus upis Walcott (pl. 33, figs. 4, 4a-d). Crepicephalus undt. spp. (pl. 32, figs. 4, 4a). The American species previously referred to Crepicephalus and now referred to other genera are: Crepicephalus centralis Whitfield = Anomocarella oweni (Meek and Hay- den). Crepicephalus gibbsi Whitfield = Ptychoparia Corda. Crepicephalus (?) miniscaensis Owen= Ptychaspis Hall. Crepicephalus onustus Whitheld = Anomocarella Walcott. Crepicephalus roanensis Safford—= Unpublished species Walcott. Crepicephalus similis Safford = Unpublished species Walcott. Crepicephalus tennesseensis Safford Unpublished species Walcott. Crepicephalus ? wisconsensis Owen = Lonchocephalus Owen. Crepicephalus (Bathyurus?) angulatus Hall and Whitfield = Ptychoparia (Emmrichella) Walcott. Crepicephalus (Loganellus) granulosus Hall and Whitfield =Jnouyia Walcott. Crepicephalus (Loganellus) haguet Hall and Whitfield = Ptychoparia Corda. Crepicephalus (Loganellus) maculosus Hall and Whitfield = Ptychoparia Corda? Crepicephalus (Loganellus) montanensis Whitfield = Ptychoparia Corda. Crepicephalus (Loganellus) nitidus Hall and Whitfield = Ptychoparia Corda. Crepicephalus (Loganella) planus Whitfield = Ptychoparia Corda. Crepicephalus ? (Loganellus) quadrans Hall and Whitfield = Ptychoparia Corda. Crepicephalus (Loganellus) simulator Hall and Whitfield —=Jnouyia Wal- cott. Crepicephalus (Loganellus) unisulcatus Hall and Whitfield —Ptychoparia Corda? CREPICEPHALUS AUGUSTA Walcott Plate 20, figs. 6, 6a-b Crepicephalus augusta Watcott, 1886, Bull. U. S. Geol. Survey, No. 30, p. 208, pl. 28, figs. 2, 2a-b. (Description and illustration of cranidium and pygidium. ) Crepicephalus augusta Wa.cott, 1891, Tenth Ann. Rep. U. S. Geol. Survey, p. 653, pl. 96, figs. 9, 9a-b. (Republishes illustrations of 1886.) Crepicephalus augusta (Walcott), GrABAU and SHIMER, 1910, North Ameri- can Index Fossils, Vol. 2, p. 283, fig. 1585. (Described and figured.) A detailed description of the specimen representing this species was published in 1886, and nothing has been added to it since. The illustrations are given in this paper in order that the American species referrred to Crepicephalus may be brought together for comparative study. NO. 3 CAMBRIAN TRILOBITES 205 Formation and locality—Lower Cambrian: (30) Limestone 8 miles (12.8 km.) north of Bennetts Spring, on the west slope of the Highland Range; (31a) limestones of Pioche formation, just above the quartzite on east side of anticline, near Pioche, both in Lincoln County, Nevada. CREPICEPHALUS CAMIRO, new species Plate 32, figs. 2, 2a This 1s the Appalachian representative of C. iowensis. It differs in its small glabella and broad frontal limb of the cranidium, and the associated pygidium has about six faintly defined rings and a terminal section on the axial lobe. The outline of the postero-lateral borders of the pygidium also differs materially by sloping inward, and the two spines are shorter and nearer together proportionally with regard to the size of the pygidium. Surface of test minutely pitted or apparently punctate under strong lens, but smooth to the unaided eye. Formation and locality —Upper Cambrian: (120) Maryville lime- stone; north of Bays Mountain, on Beaver Creek, Sevier County, 18 miles (28.8 km.) east-northeast of Knoxville; and (107) Bull Run Ridge, northwest of Copper Ridge, 11 miles (17.6 km.) north- west of Knoxville, both in Tennessee. CREPICEPHALUS COMUS, new species Plate 31, figs. 3, 3a This species is represented by cranidia and associated pygidia. The glabella is tumid as in C. twmidus, but the frontal limb is little more than a narrow convex extension of the convex fixed cheeks grading into the broad frontal groove which lies within the very prominent, rounded frontal border. The three pits in the frontal furrow are nearly round, and large for the size of the cranidium. Surface finely granulated and test apparently punctate. The largest cranidium in the collection has a length of 17 mm. The associated pygidia (fig. 34) are much like those of C. thoosa (figs. 1f-k). Formation and locality—Upper Cambrian: (120) Maryville lime- stone; north of Bays Mountain, on Beaver Creek, Sevier County, 18 miles (28.8 km.) east-northeast of Knoxville; (107) Bull Run Ridge, northwest of Copper Ridge, 11 miles (17.6 km.) northwest of Knoxville; and (119) beneath Nolichucky shale on Cub Creek, 1.5 miles (2.4 km.) southeast of Morristown, Hamblen County, all in Tennessee. 206 SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS VOL. 64 CREPICEPHALUS COOSENSIS, new species Plate 32, figs. 3, 3a-f This fine species occurs with a somewhat earlier fauna than that of C. 1owensis and other species referred to Crepicephalus with the exception of C. liana and C. augusta (pl. 29). It belongs with the C. 1owensis group of species and differs from them by its broad frontal limb and border and strongly marked pygidium. The thorax has 12 segments and the axial lobe of the pygidium five rings and a terminal section. The large dorsal shield has a length of 6.5 cm. exclusive of the spine of the pygidium. Fragments of the cranidium indicate that a few individuals attained a length of about 7.5 cm. Outer surface minutely granular and apparently minutely punc- tate. Fine irregular venation lines radiate from in front of the glabella across the frontal limb to the edge of the border. All the known specimens of this species occur on the exterior of, or in siliceous nodules that weather out of, a dark argillaceous shale of the Conasauga formation. The associated fauna is a large one, and includes: Laotira cambria Walcott, Brooksella alternata Wal- cott, Micromitra alabamaensis (Walcott), Lingulella hayesi (Wal- cott), Acrothele bellula Walcott, Acrotreta kutorgai Walcott, Pty- choparia, several species, Anomocare, several species, and Olenoides curticet Walcott. Formation and locality—Middle Cambrian: (go0x) Conasauga formation; in and attached to the outer surface of siliceous nodules in a dark argillaceous shale of the lower part of the Conasauga formation; east of Center, near Blaine, Coosa Valley, Cherokee County, Alabama. CREPICEPHALUS CORIA, new species Plate 33, figs. 3, 3a-g Crepicephalus texanus Watcott, 1908, Smithsonian Misc. Coll., Vol. 53, p. 178. (Name listed in fauna Ib and Ic of section.) This species is much like C. texanus (pl. 30). It differs in having 14 instead of 12 thoracic segments and a uniformly sized and dis- tributed granulation on the exterior surface of the test. Test probably punctate, as minute pits occur between the surface granules. The largest cranidium has a length of 3.5 cm. The variation in the width of the frontal border is similar to that of C. texanus, and the glabella is very much alike in the two forms. Crepicephalus coria is the representative in western Utah of C. texanus. NO. 3 CAMBRIAN TRILOBITES 207 Formation and locality—Upper Cambrian: (30n, 30 0, 14v) Weeks formation, in 1b and Ic of section (Walcott, Smithsonian Misc. Coll., Vol. 53, 1908, p. 175) ; (30h, 301) Orr formation; near base and about 275 feet from 2a of section (Jdem, p. 177); north side of Weeks Canyon, about 4 miles (6.4 km.) south of Marjum Pass, House Range, Millard County, Utah. CREPICEPHALUS DIS, new species Plate 32, figs. I, la-c Crepicephalus Watcott, 1908, Smithsonian Misc. Coll., Vol. 53, pp. 175, 176. (Name listed in geological section.) This is the C. iowensis (pl. 29) representative in the Cordilleran province. It has the same form of glabella except that it is a little more conical or rounded in front; the frontal limb is narrower, and the occipital ring is narrower towards the ends when viewed from above. The associated pygidia differ in outline of the postero- lateral portions of the border, which in C. dis are prolonged into short spines and in C. iowensis into long, sharp spines. Crepicephalus dis is associated with C. coria, but neither the cra- nidium nor the pygidium is similar to that species. The pygidium is much like that of C. camiro (pl. 32, fig. 2a) except that the axial lobe is shorter and has three instead of five or six rings. Surface of test smooth to the unaided eye, and minutely pitted and apparently punctate as seen by a strong lens. Formation and locality —Upper Cambrian : (30n, 30 0, 14v) Weeks formation, in 1b and tc of section (Walcott, Smithsonian Misc. Cally Volk 532, 1908, p. 175): (30}) Orr formation: te of section (Idem, p. 177); north side of Weeks Canyon, about 4 miles (6.4 km.) south of Marjum Pass, House Range, Millard County, Utah. CREPICEPHALUS IOWENSIS (Owen) Plate 29, figs. 1, 2, 2a-f Dikelocephalus ? iowensis OWEN, 1852, Rept. Geol. Surv. Wis., Iowa, Minn., p. 575, pl. 1, fig. 4; pl. 1A, fig. 13. (Describes and illustrates species.) Conocephalites iowensis (Owen) HALL, 1863, Sixteenth Ann. Rept. N. Y. State Cab. Nat. Hist., p. 162, pl. 7, figs. 29-33; pl. 8, figs. 10-12, 30. (Describes and illustrates species.) Conocephalites iowensis (Owen) SHUMARD, 1863, Trans. Acad. Sci. St. Louis, Vol. 2, p. 102. (Refers to species and having found the head.) Conocephalites iowensis (Owen) HAtt, 1867, Trans. Albany Inst., Vol. 5, p. 149, pl. 7, figs. 29-33; pl. 3, figs. 10-12, 30. (Reprint of paper of 1863.) 208 SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS VOL. 64 Ptychoparia (Crepicephalus) iowensis (Owen) Watcort, 1884, Bull. U. S. Geol. Surv., No. 10, p. 36, pl. 6, figs. 2, 2a. (Refers to use of Crepi- cephalus as a subgenus and illustrates a cranidium and pygidium.) Ptychoparia (Crepicephalus) iowensis (Owen) Lestery, 1889, Geol. Surv. Pa., Rept. P 4, p. 832. (2 text figs. only.) Crepicephalus iowensis (Owen) Watcort, 1899, Monogr. U. S. Geol. Surv., Vol. 32, Pt. 2, p. 459. (Refers to this species as type of genus Crepi- cephalus.) To the description given by Hall [1863] we may now add that the thorax has 12 segments; and we are also enabled to illustrate the form and general character of the entire dorsal shield, which is rather closely related to that of C. teranus (pl. 30). There is considerable variation in the form of the pygidium. In Owen’s illustration [18s2, pl. IA, figs. 11, 13, 15] the postero-lateral spines diverge from the median line of the axial lobe, but this divergence decreases in other specimens until the sides of the pygidium are nearly straight, and the ends of the spines curve inward toward the median line. The degree of the divergence varies in specimens from different localities, but in the collection from Menomonie there is variation from those that are strongly divergent to those that are diverging but slightly from the median line. The reasons for considering this species the type of the genus are given under the description of the genus (p. 199). Crepicephalus iowensis is very abundant in the shaly and thin- bedded sandstone of Wisconsin and eastern Minnesota. Only rarely have the cephalon, thorax, and pygidium been found unbroken; there is only one example known to me in which they are united in their natural position, and this is broken so that less than one-half of the dorsal shield remains; this specimen is used as the base for the restored figure 1 on plate 29. In all specimens known to me the test has disappeared, but from the casts in fine sandstone the outer surface appears to have been smooth. The larger cranidium has a length of 30 mm., and the one speci- men showing the length of the dorsal shield has the following dimensions : Total lenoth, o21. nace screen eet 78 mm. Cephalon’. .c.i.h2%. sence creer 12.5 mm. PhOrax<\.)<\ alow . else cktis Seen at ene 29.5 mm. Pysidin -.y.), 2a). ees ee ee ete 14 mm Crepicephalus iowensis is very abundant in the Eau Claire forma- tion and the upper part of the Dresbach formation. NO. 3 CAMBRIAN TRILOBITES 209 Formation and locality —Upper Cambrian: Eau Claire formation ; (84) Dresbach, opposite the mouth of Black River, Winona County, Minnesota. Also (78a) topmost bed on Mount Washington, near Eau Claire; (98, 98x) upper beds, middle beds, and lower beds near Eau Claire, Eau Claire County; (79x) near the flour mill on Beaver Creek, north of Galesville, and (1o0a) at Ettrick, both in Trempealeau County; (83a) Rock Falls, and (100) near Menomonie, both in Dunn County; also Dresbach formation; (83*) lower beds just above the river, Trempealeau, Trempealeau County, all in Wisconsin. CREPICEPHALUS LILIANA Walcott Plate 20, figs. 5, 5a-c Crepicephalus liliana Watcott, 1886, Bull. U. S. Geol. Survey, No. 30, p. 207, pl. 28, figs. 3, 3a-c. (Description and illustration of cranidium and pygidium. ) - Crepicephalus liliana Waucott, 1891, Tenth Ann. Rept. U. S. Geol. Survey, p. 653, pl. 96, figs. 7, 7a-c. (Republishes illustrations of 1886.) A detailed description of the specimen representing this species was published in 1886, and nothing has been added to it since. The illustrations are given in this paper in order that the American species referred to Crepicephalus may be brought together for comparative study. Formation and locality—lLower Cambrian: (31a) Limestones of Pioche formation, just above the quartzite on east side of anticline, near Pioche; (30) limestone 8 miles (12.8 km.) north of Bennetts Spring, on the west slope of the Highland Range, both in Lincoln County, Nevada. CREPICEPHALUS TEXANUS (Shumard) Plate 29, fig. 7; plate 30, figs. 1-4, 4a Arionellus (Bathyurus) texanus SHuMARD, 1861, Am. Jour. Sci. and Arts, 2d ser., Vol. 32, p. 218. (Description of species.) Crepicephalus texanus Shumard sp. Watcort, 1899, Monogr. U. S. Geol. Survey, p. 460, pl. 65, fig. 5. Not Crepicephalus texanus Watcortt, 1908, Smithsonian Misc. Coll., Vol. 53, pp. 177, 178. Crepicephalus texanus (Shumard) Grapau and SuHIMeEr, 1910, North Am. Index Fos., Vol. 2, p. 283, fig. 1586. (Reproduces Walcott’s figure of 1899. ) The type specimen of this species is no longer accessible, having been destroyed by fire many years ago. Its locality was given as Clear Creek, Burnet County, Texas. The geological map of the 210 SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS VOL. 64 Burnet quadrangle, U. S. Geological Survey, shows that the head waters of Clear Creek drain an area on its western side where the Cap Mountain formation occurs, and it is from this area that the type specimen undoubtedly came. In the collections made by Dr. Cooper Curtice for the United States Geological Survey there are specimens of a similar form collected in the Clear Creek drainage area from Potatotop Hill, the upper portion of which is formed of the Cap Mountain formation; there are also specimens of the cranidium from a locality in the Cap Mountain formation 10 miles northwest of Potatotop that are identical with those from Potatotop. Dr. Shumard’s description of the cranidium and pygidium from Clear Creek corresponds so closely to the specimens from Potatotop that I do not hesitate to adopt the latter as the representative of the species, although Shumard described the flattened frontal border variety of the species, and the specimens from Potatotop have the rounded and intermediate or semi-flattened border; other specimens from 10 miles northwest, near the Colorado River, show the narrow rounded, intermediate and broad frontal border. The cranidium has a low, broadly conical glabella marked by three pairs of short lateral furrows; fixed cheeks narrow, moderately elevated; frontal limb slightly convex, arching downward to a strong, rounded transverse furrow (parallel to the front margin) that has three elongate oval transverse pits, one of which is directly in front of the glabella and one on each side in line with the posterior lateral angle of the glabella; frontal border gently convex, nearly horizontal, and varying in width so as to be a little wider or narrower than the frontal limb; it varies in width, and may be convex or almost flat. The palpebral lobes are not preserved, but Dr. Shumard in his description stated that “a line drawn transversely across the middle of the glabella, if extended, would pass nearly through to the center of the eyes.” This corresponds to the specimens from both Texas and Alabama. The associated pygidium is described as follows: “ Pygidium short and somewhat massive, sub-elliptical, axis approaching semi- cylindrical, elevated above the lateral lobes, as wide as one lateral lobe, and occupying about two-thirds the length of the pygidium; rings four, separated by deep furrows; posterior margin gently arched in the middle and armed on either side with a long, curved, diverging spine (about eight lines long) ; lateral lobes gently convex, segments indistinct.” * * American Jour. Sci., 2d ser., Vol. 32, 1861, p. 210. NO. 3 CAMBRIAN TRILOBITES 211 The pygidia from Potatotop and Bartlett Hollow correspond to the above description very closely, and also to the pygidia of the Crepicephalus that I have identified as C. texanus from the Upper Cambrian of Montana. By comparing the specimens that are of similar size from the Cap Mountain limestone of Texas and the Conasauga shales of Coosa River, Alabama, they appear to be identical.’ In both, the glabella is broadly conical with frontal limb of medium width and separated from the frontal rim by a strong rounded furrow marked by three slightly transverse pits. In both, the outer surface of the glabella is nearly smooth or marked by low, scattered tubercles, while the fixed cheeks, frontal limb and rim are marked by rather strong granulations or tubercles. There is also a slight node near the center of the well-defined occipital ring; at each locality we find the long and shorter glabella, narrow rounded, intermediate and wide flattened frontal rim. As the cranidia increase in size, the frontal rim broadens so as to be proportionately wider than the frontal limb. The following is a description based upon the Alabama speci- mens: General form of dorsal shield broadly oval; axial lobe con- vex, about half as wide as the pleural lobe. Cephalon broad, trans- versely semicircular, with a well-defined border that varies in width from narrow in young subjects to quite broad in the older individuals. Cranidium with strong, broadly conical glabella that is marked by three pairs of short lateral furrows; occipital ring of medium width and marked at its center by a small sharp-pointed node; occipital furrow broad, rounded, and narrowing at each end; dorsal furrow about the glabella deeply impressed. Fixed cheeks relatively narrow and generally convex; palpebral lobes rather large and nearly equal to one-third the length of the cranidium on the line of the facial suture; the narrow fixed cheeks merge into the relatively strong frontal limb, which is slightly convex and sloping downward to a well-defined transverse furrow, which is marked by three more or less strong, slightly transverse pits, the center one of which is on the line of the axis of the glabella and the lateral ones are on a line with the sides of the glabella near its posterior margin; frontal border varying from a narrow, slightly convex border in young specimens to a broad flattened border in the older and larger indi- viduals; postero-lateral limbs long, rather narrow, and marked by a well-defined intramarginal furrow. The free cheeks terminate at the genal angles in rather strong, backward-extending spines. 212 SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS VOL. 64 Thorax with 12 segments, axial lobes convex, relatively narrow; pleural lobes broad, flattened for about one-half their width from the axis, then arching gently downward and backward to their pointed ends; pleural furrows nearly as wide as the segment for about one-third of its length, where they narrow and disappear some distance within the falcate termination of the segment. Pygidium small, strong, convex; axial lobe broad, convex, and about three-fourths the length of the pygidium; it is divided by narrow, deep transverse furrows into three segments and a terminal section; pleural lobes rising abruptly from the margin and curving gently to the dorsal furrow about the axial lobe; pleural furrows shallow and curving backward towards the base of the lateral spine that originates on each side opposite the posterior Half of the axial lobe and within the outer margin; these spines have a strong base that merges into the side of the pleural lobes in such a manner as to give the impression that they were formed by the continuation outward and backward of three of the anchylosed segments of the pygidium. The strength and curvature of the spines vary somewhat, but as a rule they are much like those of figures 1, 1a, plate 30. Surface of test finely punctate with strong scattered granulations over free and fixed cheeks, frontal limb and border, and raised portions of thoracic segments and pygidium; on the glabella a few rather large, low tubercles are scattered over the surface. Some specimens have a rather fine, even granulation over the glabella and other parts of the cephalon. Measurements.—This is one of the largest trilobites known to me from the Cambrian above the “ Olenellus’”’ zone and below the Dikelocephalus zone with the exception of Paradoxides of the Atlan- tic Coast province. Fragments of the cephalon and thorax indicate a length of 21 cm. exclusive of the long spines of the pygidium. The proportions of an entire dorsal shield are shown by figure 1, plate 30. Observations.—I have hesitated to identify the Alabama form with that from Texas, owing to the large size the latter attains, but with specimens of the cranidium of the same size the similarity is so great that there does not appear to be sufficient reason to distinguish them as distinct species. The greater proportional broadening of the frontal border of the cranidium with increase in size of the cephalon gives an appearance to the large cephala that is of specific importance unless the broadening with growth is considered. There is also widening of the base of the glabella in the Texas forms that is seldom seen in those from Alabama, but this is not persistent; the more NO. 3 CAMBRIAN TRILOBITES 1 418} elongate glabella of the Alabama specimens is similar to that of the variety elongatus of Wisconsin. The identification of the species at the two localities is strength- ened by the occurrence in both areas of similar variations in the form of the glabella, frontal limb, furrow, and border of the cranidium. The stratigraphic position of the Texas and Alabama specimens is the same to the extent that both occur in the lower part of the Upper Cambrian. In the Cordilleran region an apparently identical cranidium and pygidium occur in the Upper Cambrian (358c) Abrigo limestone of the Bisbee mining district, Cochise County, Arizona. The cranidia are typical forms with intermediate and broad frontal border. An apparently identical cranidium and pygidium occur in the (151g) Gallatin limestone of northern Wyoming (fig. 4, pl. 30). The cranidium has the wide glabella, variable frontal border, and coarsely granular: surface of C. texanus (compare fig. 4 with figs. 2 and 2b, pl. 30). A somewhat similar form with a wide flattened frontal border occurs in the Gallatin limestone of Meagher County, Mon- tana, that is identified with the variety elongatus of the Eau Claire formation of Wisconsin (pl. 20, fig. 4). The critical study of this species with new material results in removing the form described by Whitfield as Arionellus tripunctatus from C. texanus, to which I referred it in 1899, and referring it to Crepicephalus as a distinct species characterized by an occipital spine and narrower glabella. Formation and locality—-Upper Cambrian: (67a) Cap Mountain formation (upper beds) ; limestone on Potatotop Hill, 6 miles (9.6 km.) northwest of Burnet; also (14d) Bartlett Hollow, 2 miles (3.2 km.) southeast of mouth of Fall Creek, 17 miles (27.2 km.) northwest of Burnet, both in Burnet County, Texas. Upper Cambrian: (358c) Abrigo limestone; north side Moore Canyon, west edge Bisbee quadrangle, Bisbee district, Arizona. Upper Cambrian: (151b) Gallatin limestone; below saddle on ridge between Pebble Creek and Soda Butte Creek, Yellowstone National Park, Wyoming. Upper Cambrian: (151i) Gallatin limestone; 6 miles (9.6 km.) northeast of White Sulphur Springs, Meagher County, Montana. Upper Cambrian: (goa and 91) Conasauga formation; Cedar Bluff on Coosa River, Cherokee County, Alabama. Entire speci- * Monogr. No. 32, U. S. Geol. Survey, p. 460. 214 SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS VOL. 64 mens occur in both argillaceous shale and shaly dark bluish-grey limestone. Upper Cambrian: (16a, 89) Conasauga formation; shaly lime- stone interbedded in argillaceous shales, Murphrees Valley, Blount County; and (139a) near Chepultepec, Jefferson County, both in Alabama. CREPICEPHALUS TEXANUS DANACE, new variety Plate 20, figs. 3, 3a This variety 1s represented by a single cranidium. It differs from C. texanus by having the glabella less convex, a trifle more elongate proportionally, and more transverse at the anterior end; and the frontal border is more rounded. Surface granulated as in C. texanus. Formation and locality—Upper Cambrian: (79d) Eau Claire formation; upper beds of sandstone on Mount Washington, near Eau Claire, Eau Claire County, Wisconsin. CREPICEPHALUS TEXANUS ELONGATUS, new variety Plate 20, figs. 4, 4a Of this species the cranidium only is known. It is characterized by a proportionally longer glabella and narrower fixed cheeks, with a broad flattened frontal border. The transverse frontal furrow is also less deeply impressed than in typical specimens of C. texanus. The surface of the test in both the Wisconsin and Montana speci- mens has coarse tubercles scattered irregularly on the glabella, fixed cheeks, and frontal limb. Formation and locality—Upper Cambrian: (79e) Eau Claire formation; 1 mile (1.6 km.) north of Eleva, Trempealeau County, Wisconsin, Upper Cambrian: (1511) Gallatin limestone; north side of Smith River; 1.5 miles (2.4 km.) below mouth of Fourmile Creek, and 6 miles (9.6 km.) northeast of White Sulphur Springs, Meagher County, Montana. CREPICEPHALUS THOOSA, new species Plate 31, figs. 1, 1a-k This species is based on cranidia and associated free cheeks and pygidia. It is of the C. texranus type, and differs from it in its more elongate, conical glabella, short frontal limb, and more thickly-set surface granules that occur on the cranidium, free cheeks, thoracic NO. 73 CAMBRIAN TRILOBITES 215 segments, and pygidium. The associated pygidium is much like that of C. tripunctatus magnispinus. With the exception of the great occipital spine, C. thoosa is closely related to C. tripunctatus magnispinus. The pygidium referred to the latter is proportionally narrower, but the postero-lateral spines are similar. This species occurs in the upper part of the Conasauga shales in northeastern Alabama, the Maryville limestone of eastern Tennessee, and the Honaker limestone of western Virginia. Formation and locality—Upper Cambrian: (125a) Maryville limestone; north side of Big Creek below Harlans mill, 4 miles (6.4 km.) northeast of Rogersville; (125) about 50 feet below 125a; (123b) upper beds of Maryville limestone, 0.5 mile (0.8 km.) east of Rogersville railway depot on left of railway, in wagon road, Hawkins County; (107) Bull Run Ridge, northwest of Copper Ridge, 11 miles (17.6 km.) northwest of Knoxville; (126a) east side of Gap Creek section, 10 miles (16 km.) east of Knoxville, Knox County; (119) beneath Nolichucky shale on Cub Creek, 1.5 miles (2.4 km.) southeast of Morristown, Hamblen County; (120) north of Bays Mountain on Beaver Creek, Sevier County, 18 miles (28.8 km.) east-northeast of Knoxville; (118a) Bird Bridge road, 1.5 miles (2.4 km.) south, and (117c) 5 miles (8 km.) southeast of Greeneville, Greene County, all above in Maryville limestone of Tennessee. Also (119a) Honaker (= Maryville) limestone, 3 miles (4.8 km.) east of Greendale, Washington County, Virginia. Also (145a) Conasauga shale; upper part of shale beneath Knox dolomite; 1 mile (1.6 km.) east of Gaylesville; also (gt) Cedar Bluff, both in Cherokee County ; and (358e) Conasauga shale, oppo- site car barn, city of Birmingham, Jefferson County, all in Alabama. And (358f) Conasauga formation; limestone in shales, west of Red Clay, Whitfield County, Georgia. CREPICEPHALUS TRIPUNCTATUS (Whitfield) Plate 33, figs. 1, 1a-b Arionellus tripunctatus WuitFiELp, 1876, Rept. Reconnaissance from Car- roll, Montana Terr., on the Upper Missouri, to the Yellowstone National Park (Ludlow),.p. 141, pl. 1, figs. 3-5. (Original description and illustrations. ) Not Crepicephalus texanus (Shumard) Watcort, 1899, Monogr. No. 32, U. S. Geol. Survey, p. 460. (Refers Arionellus tripunctatus Whitfield to C. texanus (Shumard).) re) 216 SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS VOL. 64 The type of this species is a cranidium with the occipital spine broken off. Whitfield also had two associated free cheeks for study. In 1898 I collected from about the same horizon in the Gallatin limestone a number of fine cranidia, also fragments of an associated pygidium. This material shows a strong resemblance between the cranidia of C. tripunctatus and C. texanus, the difference being in the thickened occipital ring and occipital spine of C. tri- punctatus. The outer surface of the latter species is also more thickly covered with smaller granulations. The test appears to be finely punctate. The variation in the width of the frontal border of the two species is similar, the smaller species having a proportionally narrower border than the large ones. The closely related C. tripunctatus magnispinus differs from this species in having slightly narrower fixed cheeks and a much stronger and larger occipital spine. Formation and locality Upper Cambrian: (358d) Gallatin lime- stone; Moss Agate Springs near Camp Baker, which is 18 miles (28.8 km.) northwest of White Sulphur Springs, Meagher County ; also (4r) Gallatin limestone on ridge between Luce and Deep Creeks, 8 miles (12.8 km.) east of Yellowstone River and 3 miles (4.8 km.) north-northeast of Mount Delano, Park County, both in Montana. CREPICEPHALUS TRIPUNCTATUS MAGNISPINUS, new variety Plate 33, figs. 2, 2a-c This fine species is abundant at one locality in eastern Tennessee. It is the representative in the Appalachian area of C. tripunctatus of the Cordilleran area, and differs from that species in its narrower fixed cheeks and longer and stronger occipital spine. Both forms. have the outer surface of the cranidium and free cheeks rather thickly dotted with irregularly arranged granules or small tubercles ; the test appears to be finely punctate. The associated pygidia are narrow with a long, strong, nearly straight spine projecting from the postero-lateral side of each pleural lobe. The axial lobe is broad and divided into three rings and a terminal section by strong backward-curving furrows. Formation and locality Upper Cambrian: (107) Maryville lime- stone; Bull Run Ridge, northwest of Copper Ridge, 11 miles (17.6 km.) northwest of Knoxville, Knox County, Tennessee. NO. 3 CAMBRIAN TRILOBITES 217 CREPICEPHALUS TUMIDUS, new species Plate 31, fig. 2 This species is represented by cranidia. It differs from the cra- nidia of the most nearly related species, C. teranus and C. thoosa, by greater convexity of glabella and more strongly tuberculated surface. Test apparently punctate. The largest cranidium has a length of 25 mm. It is unfortunate that we have only the cranidia of this fine species, but as they are closely allied to the cranidia of C. tevanus, it is highly _probable that the entire dorsal shield of the two forms was essen- tially similar. Formation and locality—Upper Cambrian: (120) Maryville limestone; north of Bays Mountain, on Beaver Creek, Sevier County, 18 miles (28.8 km.) east-northeast of Knoxville, Tennessee. CREPICEPHALUS UNCA, new species Plate 35, figs. I, Id-e The pygidium of this species is not unlike that of C. dis (pl. 32, fig. 1) from the House Range of Utah. It differs in having the two posterior spines of the pygidium near together and in their broader base where joining the flattened border. The associated cranidium is similar in outline to that of C. dis, but differs in having proportionally broader fixed cheeks. The largest pygidium has a length of 12 mm. exclusive of the spines. Formation and locality—Upper Cambrian: (79e) Eau Claire formation; Willow River Falls, near Hudson; (79) Hudson, St. Croix County, Wisconsin. CREPICEPHALUS UNZIA, new species Plate 34, figs. 7, 7a This species, like C. unca, is related to C. dis (pl. 32, fig. 1b) and C. augusta (pl. 29, fig. 6b) by the form of the pygidium, but the backward-extending spines are not attachments to the border, as the furrows indicating the anchylosed segments extend back onto the base of the spines as shown by figure 7a. The cranidium is quite unlike that of C. dis. It has a concave frontal rim and border that give it a very distinct appearance. Surface slightly pitted and test apparently punctate. The largest cranidium has a length of 7.5 mm. 218 SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS VOL. 64 Formation and locality——Upper Cambrian: (150b) Gallatin lime- stone; thin-bedded limestone in divide at White Creek and Indian Creek Pass, above Red Bluffs or Chinese Wall, Lewis and Clark National Forest, Montana. CREPICEPHALUS UPIS, new species Plate 33, figs. 4, 4a-d The cranidium and pygidium of C. upis recall those of C. lihana (pl. 20, figs. 5, 5a), and the outer surface is granulated in both species, but not in the same manner. The surface of C. liliana has rather large pustules scattered over it, while those of C. upis are more numerous and smaller. The pygidium is not unlike that of C. coo- sensis (pl. 32, figs. 3b, 3e). The surface of the test between the granulations is slightly pitted and the test is apparently punctate. The largest cranidium in the collection has a length of 14 mm. Formation and locality —Upper Cambrian: (150b) Gallatin lime- stone; thin-bedded limestone in divide at White Creek and Indian Creek Pass, above Red Bluffs or Chinese Wall, Lewis and Clark National Forest, Montana. CREPICEPHALUS, species undetermined (1) Plate 32, figs. 4, 4a An undescribed species of Crepicephalus of the C. 1owensis group is represented by a form of pygidium that is closely allied to that of C. iowensis. It differs in having the postero-lateral spines extending diagonally outward instead of directly backward, and in being pro- portionally wider. A specimen from the shaly limestone of the Conasauga formation has a length of 16 mm. and a width of 3 cm. at the anterior margin. A smaller specimen is illustrated (pl. 32, fig. 4). Formation and locality—Upper Cambrian: (107) Maryville lime- stone; Bull Run Ridge, northwest of Copper Ridge, 11 miles (17.6 km.) northwest of Knoxville, Knox County; (119) beneath Noli- chucky shale on Cub Creek, 1.5 miles (2.4 km.) southeast of Morris- town, Hamblen County, both in Tennessee. Also from (g1) Conasauga formation; Cedar Bluff on Coosa River, Cherokee County ; and (16) limestones in Conasauga (Coosa) shales, Murphrees Valley, Blount County, both in Alabama. CREPICEPHALUS, species undetermined (2) A second unidentified species of Crepicephalus is indicated by pygidia of the C. iowensis type from the Upper Cambrian. These NO. 3 CAMBRIAN TRILOBITES 219 pygidia differ from those referred to C. camiro (pl. 32, fig. 2a), being more transverse in outline and having three rings in the axial lobe. Formation and locality—Upper Cambrian: (124a) Nolichucky shale; on Big Creek, 4 miles (6.4 km.) northeast of Rogers, Haw- kins County, Tennessee; also (124b) Nolichucky shale; near Good- wins Ferry, Giles County, Virginia. AMPHION ? MATUTINA Hall Plate 26, fig. 8 Amphion ? matutina Hatt, 1863, Sixteenth Ann. Rept. State Cab. Nat. Hist., p. 222, pl. 5A, fig. 6. (Original description and illustration.) Amphion ? matutina Hari, 1867, Trans. Albany Inst., Vol. 5, p. 194. (A reprint of the paper of 1863.) This species is illustrated, as the specimen in the collection shows that there was an occipital spine, also small palpebral lobes opposite the center of the glabella. The species appears to belong to an undetermined genus, but at present I do not wish to base a new genus on the broken cranidium. Formation and locality—Upper Cambrian: (84) Eau Claire formation; Dresbach, Winona County, Minnesota. The specimen described by James Hall came from the lower beds near Trempealeau, Wisconsin, which also contains Crepicephalus iowensis, a form found with 4. ? matutina at Dresbach. Genus WANNERIA Walcott Wanneria Watcott, 1910, Smithsonian Misc. Coll., Vol. 53, pp. 296-208. WANNERIA WALCOTTANA (Wanner) Plate 38, figs. I, 2 Olenellus (Holmia) walcottanus WANNER, 1901, Proc. Washington Acad. Sei, Vol. 3-pp. 267-260, pl. 35, figs. 1, 2; ‘pl. 32, figs, 1-4. (Described and discussed as a new species.) Wanneria walcottanus WaA.cott, 1910, Smithsonian Misc. Coll., Vol. 53, pp. 302-304, pl. 30, figs. 1-12; pl. 31, figs. 12, 13. (Changes generic refer- ence. Comments upon and illustrates species.) Through the courtesy of Mr. Noah Getz and Dr. H. Justin Roddy I had the opportunity of photographing a cephalon of this species that has an unusually well-preserved surface. The cephalon has a length of 9.5 cm. and a width at base of 15.5 cm. The reticulated surface is essentially of the same character as that on a thoracic segment and hypostoma of this species from near York, Pennsyl- 220 SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS VOL. 64 vania. It is also of the same type as the surface of Olenellus reticu- latus Peach* from Scotland. Formation and locality—lLower Cambrian: (12x) Argillaceous shaly beds 1 mile (1.6 km.) north of Rohrerstown, Lancaster County, Pennsylvania. Family OrycCTocEPHALID& Beecher VANUXEMELLA, new genus Dorsal shield small, subelliptical, moderately convex, and with strongly marked axial lobe. Cephalon semicircular in outline; glabella large, slightly expanding in front and slightly narrowed opposite the palpebral lobes; it terminates anteriorly on the frontal margin, and posteriorly is separated from the narrow occipital segment by a strong transverse furrow; two pairs of faint pits indicate the position of glabella furrows; fixed cheeks about one- half the width of glabella and with a narrow palpebral lobe about one-fourth to one-third the length of the cephalon and placed at about the transverse center of the cephalon. The facial sutures cut the posterior margin of the cephalon on a line with the outer margin of the palpebral lobes and bend inward slightly to the base of the palpebral lobes, about which they curve, and then curve slightly inward toward the margin near the glabella. Free cheeks of medium width with posterior margin bent forward at the intergenal angle to meet the base of the genal spine. The palpebral ridges cross the fixed cheeks to the dorsal furrows beside the glabella. Thorax with four or five segments; pleurz with strong longi- tudinal furrow and short, falcate ends. Pygidium with strong axial lobe terminating just within the margin and crossed by five or six furrows which continue laterally on the pleural lobes and outline three or four segments that have a short, falcate end beyond the line of the border of the pygidium; on each side of the center of the posterior margin, at about the ends of the central third, a small, strong spine extends directly backward, and two very short spines occur between them, one on each side of the center of the posterior margin of the pygidium. Surface slightly roughened and apparently minutely punctate. Genotype-—Vanuxemella contracta Walcott. Second species, Vanuxemella nortia, new species. Stratigraphic range—Upper beds of Lower Cambrian. *Smithsonian Misc. Coll., Vol. 53, No. 6, 1910, pl. 31, figs. 12 and 13. * Idem, pl. 30, figs. 10, II. NOTES CAMBRIAN TRILOBITES 221 Geographic distribution—Vanuxemella contracta occurs (locali- ties 4v, 5j) in the Lewis and Clark Forest Reserve of northern Montana, and Vanuxemella nortia at about the same stratigraphic horizon, judging from the associated fauna, on the south slope of Mount Bosworth (locality 35c), British Columbia, Canada. Observations —This genus is represented by two species from the upper part of the Lower Cambrian. It is a simple form that has some features suggesting Albertella.’ It differs in absence of glabel- lar furrows, shorter eye lobes, absence of prolonged third segment of thorax, and in having four instead of seven thoracic segments. The long spines of the pygidium spring from about the fifth segment, while in Albertella they appear to be the extension of the first or second anterior segment. Vanuxemella also has an interesting feature in the union in the pygidium of three otherwise true thoracic segments. If these three anterior segments were free, the resemblance to Albertella would be much stronger. The genus may be characterized as an undeveloped form of the latter genus. The cephalon of Karlia stephenensis Walcott* has an expanding glabella, but it also has quite a different glabella and fixed cheeks, and it has seven segments and a minute pygidium. The generic name is given in memory of Lardner Vanuxem, the geologist who surveyed the “ Third District of the State of New York,” . VANUXEMELLA CONTRACTA, new species Plate 36, figs. 4, 4a The description and observations under the genus and the illus- trations give all that is known of the species. ‘There are five entire specimens and a few cranidia. Dimensions.—A dorsal shield 12 mm. in length has the following dimensions : Cephalon. mm. LST EEE TUT Ss AE eel a) gel ee 6 What at POSTEO MATOIM . wi4 eae ee we weve 9 Pivcdonorpaseiot Clabellas ci... ¢ sicicrne's ms. a 8 * Smithsonian Misc. Coll., Vol. 53, 1908, pls. 1 and 2. * Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., 1888, Vol. 11, 1889, p. 445. See plate 36, fig. 8, of this paper. 222 SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS VOL. 64 Thorax. Length cc See Sas ee oh eee 2.5 Width of rst Sseoments ta2.Seee eee 8 Width of axial lobext:; Soc. ANE mere ae eee 3 Pygidium. Tenet ht. cise aE Re Sco wid ate cere oer eemeee ee 5 Width of taxial Jobe. v3 che. Ft. ao ee ees Observations—The associated fauna at localities 4v and 5j includes: Micromitra (Iphidella) pannula (White). Obolus (Westonia) ella (Hall and Whitfield). Acrothele collenit Walcott. Acrothele panderi Walcott. Wimanella simplex Walcott. Ptychoparia sp. Olenopsis americanus Walcott. Albertella helena Walcott. Bathyuriscus ? sp. Vanuxemella contracta Walcott. This fauna is of the same type as that found with Vanuxemella nortia in Canada (see p. 223). Formation and locality—Lower Cambrian: (4v) About 200 feet (61 m.) above the unconformable base of the Cambrian and 75 feet (22.9 m.) above the top of the quartzitic sandstones, in a shale which corresponds in stratigraphic position to shale No. 6 of the Dearborn River section, Gordon Creek, 6 miles (9.6 km.) from South Fork of Flathead River, Ovando quadrangle (U.S. G. S.); and (5j) above the quartzitic sandstones, in a shale corresponding to the same post- tion, about 6 miles (9.6 km.) west-northwest of Scapegoat Mountain, on the Continental Divide between Bar Creek and the headwaters of the south fork of North Fork of Sun River, Coopers Lake quad- rangle (U. S. G. S.), both in Powell County, Montana. VANUXEMELLA NORTIA, new species Plate 36, fig. 5 This species differs from Vanusxemella contracta in having a greater expansion of the glabella towards the frontal margin; longer palpebral lobes; five instead of four thoracic segments, and smaller posterior spines on the pygidium. ° The fauna associated with this species includes at locality 35c the following: ~~ NOT CAMBRIAN TRILOBITES toy iS) WwW Micromitra (Paterina) wapta Walcott. Obolus parvus Walcott. Acrothele colleni Walcott. Wimanella simplex Walcott. Hyolithellus. Hyolithes. Albertella bosworthi Walcott. Albertella helena Walcott. Bathyuriscus. Agraulos stator Walcott. Ptychoparia. Formation and locality—Lower Cambrian: (35c) Drift blocks of siliceous shale supposed to have come from the Mount Whyte forma- tion, found on the south slope of Mount Bosworth, about 500 feet (152 m.) northwest of the Canadian Pacific Railway track between Stephen and Hector, eastern British Columbia, Canada. Genus KARLIA Walcott Karlia Watcott, 1889, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., Vol. 11, p. 444. (Described as below.) Form elongate-oval, convex. Head longitudinally semicircular, deeply marked by the dorsal furrows. Glabella clavate, broadly expanded in front, with or without faint glabellar furrows. Occipi- tal furrow well defined. Fixed cheeks subtriangular; posterior furrow broad; eye lobe small; free cheeks narrow. Hypostoma with a thick, rounded anterior margin that is produced into the large lateral wings, the sides of which extend one-half way back on the oval, convex body; posterior marginal rim strong and separated from the body by a well-defined sulcus. Thorax with seven segments; axis with a central spine on each segment; pleural lobes with a broad groove; anterior lateral ends of pleurz faceted. Pygidium short, transverse, four to five segments in the axis, lateral lobes slightly grooved. Surface granulose. Genotype-—Karlia minor Walcott. Stratigraphic range-—Middle Cambrian. Geographic distribution—Eastern Newfoundland; Canadian Rocky Mountains, British Columbia, Canada. Observations—The compact, strong dorsal shield of Karlia at once recalls that.of Bathyuriscus. It differs from the latter in its small eye lobes, and seven instead of 10 or 11 thoracic segments. Two species only have thus far been referred to the genus. 224. SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS VOL. 64 KARLIA MINOR Walcott Plate 36, figs. 7, 7a-c Karlia minor Watcott, 1889, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., Vol. 11, p. 445. (Described as below.) Form elongate-oval, convex. Average size, 7 mm. in length by 3mm. in breadth. Head longitudinally semicircular, convex; frontal rim a narrow margin which passes into a stronger rim on the sides. Glabella clavate, expanding from the base to twice the width in front, marked by four pairs of short, faint glabellar furrows; occipital furrow deep; occipital ring strong and with a sharp, slight node at the center. The broad, deep dorsal furrows unite with the posterior furrows to separate the strongly convex subtriangular fixed cheeks; eye lobe short, narrow, and defined by a well-marked groove from the cheek; the groove extends forward to the dorsal furrow. Free cheeks narrow; marginal rim round and strong; posterior angle pointed, but not known to be extended into a spine. Thorax with seven segments; median lobe convex and with a very short node or spine at the center of each segment; pleural lobes flat to the geniculation of the pleurz, where the outer half of the segments is bent obliquely downward and slightly backward; pleural groove the full width of the segment to the geniculation, where it abruptly tapers to a point by the cutting in of the facet on the anterior side of the segment. Pygidium of medium size, transversely semicircular ; axis convex and crossed by three or four rings and the terminal lobe; the rings are extended out on the lateral lobes as broad, low ridges trending obliquely backward to the rounded margin. Surface of the head granulated; thorax and pygidium apparently smooth. All the specimens seen are small, none exceeding 10 mm. in length. Formation and locality—Middle Cambrian: (1) Manuels forma- tion; Manuels Brook, Conception Bay, Newfoundland. KARLIA STEPHENENSIS Walcott Plate 36, fig. 8 Menocephalus salteri ? Rom1INGER, 1857, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci., Philadelphia, Pt. 1, p. 16, pl. 1, fig. 6. (Described and figured.) Karlia stephenensis Watcott, 1889, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., Vol. 11, p. 445. (Described as below.) Karlia stephenensis Watcortt, 1908, Canadian Alpine roe Vol. =1, Nos2 pl. 3, fig. 4. (Specimen figured.) NO. 3 CAMBRIAN TRILOBITES 225 This species differs from the K. minor in its greater size, 40 mm. in length by 30 mm. in breadth; the fixed cheeks are wider and the grooves on the pleurz are narrower. In one of the large specimens the surface of the glabella is covered with fine, irregular elevated striz. Formation and locality —Middle Cambrian: (14s) Stephen forma- tion; about 2,300 feet (701 m.) above the Lower Cambrian, on the northwest slope of Mount Stephen, above Field, on the Canadian Pacific Railway, British Columbia, Canada. HANBURIA, new genus General outline of dorsal shield a broad oval; convex; axial and pleural lobes clearly defined. Cephalon transverse, semicircular when not distorted; genal angles rounded on the postero-lateral limbs; marginal border narrow and wire-like on the outer margins; posterior border broader and flatter and well defined by a narrow furrow that curves forward at the genal angles to unite with the narrow furrow within the outer border. Glabella large, increasing in width by gradual divergence of the sides to the broadly rounded transverse frontal margin; three short raised lobes, one outlined on each side by furrows or depres- sions that join a longitudinal depressed area extending along the median line; dorsal furrow beside the glabella indistinctly defined ; occipital ring narrow, transverse, and a little raised above the slight occipital furrow; frontal limb wider than the border in advance of the glabella. Fixed cheeks broad, slightly convex, and with rounded genal angles. Free cheek, if present, narrow, elongate, narrowing to a point where it joins the border posteriorly and anteriorly in front of the antero-lateral angle of the glabella. Supposed eye lobe indistinct and it may not be present; it appears to be situated oppo- site the anterior fourth of the glabella, but it may be only a slight flexure of the thin test. The facial sutures are very uncertain, and it is doubtful if they are present at all. Thorax with seven sharply defined narrow segments. Axial lobe about two-thirds the width of the palpebral lobes and clearly outlined by the dorsal furrows; pleural lobes flattened; each pleural segment terminates in a blunt rounded end; it has a broad rounded furrow that occupies nearly all its surface for about three-fifths of its length and then narrows to a point just inside the outer end of the segment ; a slightly faceted surface extends along the outer anterior edge of the segment, and the back edge is rounded. 226 SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS VOL. 64 Pygidium large; axial lobe distinct and narrowing from the front margin to within a short distance of the posterior margin; it is divided into six rings and a short terminal section by narrow trans- verse furrows; on the broad pleural lobes seven anchylosed pleural segments similar in appearance to those of the thorax: extend from the axial lobe across to the outer rim. Surface apparently finely and minutely granular or pustulose. Dimensions.—The largest dorsal shield has a length of 24 mm. Genotype—Hanburia gloriosa Walcott. Stratigraphic range-——Middle Cambrian: Burgess shale member of Stephen formation. Geographic distribution.—Limited to fossil bed on ridge between Mounts Wapta and Field, west of the Continental Divide, British Columbia, Canada. Observations.—The existence of free cheeks and facial sutures is problematical, owing to the compression of the thin test along the edge of the cephalon. They seem to be indicated and to form a part of the margin opposite the anterior third of the glabella. There is also a slight line that may be traced diagonally backward across the inner portion of the fixed cheek from about opposite the anterior edge of the middle lobe or tubercle of the glabella. This is sugges- tive of the false “eye line” of Conocoryphe. As I expect to work the Burgess Pass fossil quarry another season, it may be that a more perfect cephalon will be found of this species. The large pygidium and few thoracic segments suggest the order Opisthoparia and family Asaphide rather than the order Proparia. HANBURIA GLORIOSA, new species Plate 36, figs. 3, 4 The generic description includes what is known of this species. Three specimens have been found during the five seasons’ collecting at the fossil quarry. These are all compressed in the fine shale, and, like Burlingia hectori* from the same general horizon on Mount Stephen, had a very delicate test. Formation and locality—Middle Cambrian: (35k) Burgess shale member of the Stephen formation, on the west slope of the ridge between Mount Field and Mount Wapta, 1 mile (1.6 km.) northeast of Burgess Pass, above Field, British Columbia, Canada. * Smithsonian Mise. Coll., Vol. 53, 1908, p. 15, pl. 1, fig. 8. NO. 3 CAMBRIAN TRILOBITES 227 Genus TSINANIA Walcott Tsinania WaAtcott, 1914, Smithsonian Misc. Coll., Vol. 64, p. 43. (Genus described. ) Genotype —lIllenurus canens (Walcott) [Cambrian Faunas of China, Carnegie Inst. of Washington, Pub. No. 54, 1913, p. 222, pl. 23, fig. 3]. TSINANIA CLEORA Walcott Plate 36, figs. 9, 9a-c Tsinania cleora Watcott, 1914, Smithsonian Mise. Coll., Vol. 64, p. 43. (Name mentioned in text.) The cranidium of 7. cleora is much like that of 7. canens. It differs in being longer in proportion to the width. The associated free cheek (fig. ga) is large, broad, and gently convex to the outer margin. An associated thoracic segment has the pleural lobe with a very faint longitudinal furrow. The associated pygidium is trans- verse, about twice as wide as long, and marked by a low axial lobe that becomes very inconspicuous toward the posterior margin of the pygidum. Only a slight trace of transverse furrows can be detected on the matrix of the axial lobe. The pleural lobes are about twice as broad as the axial lobe. The test is thick and apparently smooth on its outer surface. The largest cranidium has a length of 14 mm. An associated pygidium has the same length with a width of 28 mm. The pygidium of T. cleora is proportionally shorter than that of Tsinania canens, but the general character is the same in the two species and quite unlike the pygidium of /Ilenurus quadratus, Numerous specimens of the cranidium and pygidium are associ- ated, and the only other trilobitic remains are those of small species of Agraulos and Solenopleura-like forms. The associated brachio- pods are Schizambon typicalis Walcott ? and Eoorthis desmopleura (Meek). This species is referred to the Upper Cambrian, but it may belong to a lower Ozarkian fauna that has not yet been well determined and probably will not be until the various faunal horizons of the lower Pogonip limestones have been studied in the field. Formation and locality—Upper Cambrian: (30w) Notch Peak formation; drift bowlder of limestone supposed to have come from *Cambrian Faunas of China, Carnegie Inst. of Washington, Pub. No. 54, TOTS ps. 222-_pl. 23: fie. 3. ?16th Ann. Rept. New York State Cab. Nat. Hist., 1863, pl. 7, fig. 56. 228 SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS VOL. 64 the beds forming 1a of the Notch Peak limestone on Notch Peak, found 2 miles (3.2 km.) south of Marjum Pass, House Range, Mil- lard County, Utah. TSINANIA ELONGATA, new species Plate 36, figs. 10, roa This species is founded on a small pygidium that is longer in proportion to its width than described species. It has a length of 4 mm. and a width of 2.5 mm. in front of the small palpebral lobes. The postero-lateral limbs are relatively large and a posterior occipital ring is very faintly defined. The longitudinal outline of the cra- nidium is nearly flat from its posterior margin to the anterior line of the palpebral lobes, where its gentle curve increases so as to bring the anterior margin far below the level of the palpebral lobes. This is a small species allied to Tsinamia canens* from eastern China. It is associated with Dikelocephalus ? dalyi Walcott, and is supposed to be of Upper Cambrian age. Several undescribed species that occur in Upper Cambrian formations of the Appalachian region of southeastern North America are closely related to this species. The only associated species is Dikelocephalus daly: Walcott.’ Formation and locality—-Upper Cambrian: (346e) Limestone nodules in calcareous shales in rock cut on Canadian Pacific Railway, 54.5 miles (87.2 km.) west of Field, and 2 miles (3.2 km.) west of Donald Station, British Columbia, Canada. (R.A. Daly, 1912.) Type specimen in Victoria Memorial Museum, Ottawa, Canada. CONASAUGA FORMATION In the Coosa Valley and adjoining areas the shales and interbedded limestones referred to the Conasauga formation include both Upper and Middle Cambrian species. It is quite probable that a detailed study of the formation will result in the separation of the dark shales with the so-called “ cobble” beds, and containing a Middle Cambrian fauna, from the lighter colored shales and interbedded limestones. When this is done the term Conasauga will be restricted to the Upper Cambrian, and the Middle Cambrian beds will be given a formation name. * Research in China, Carnegie Inst. of Washington, Vol. 3, Pub. No. 54, 1913, p.222)pl.23) fic. 2) ? Smithsonian Misc. Coll., Vol. 57, 1914, p. 367, pl. 64, figs. 1, Ia, 2, 3, 4, 4a, 5. * Idem, p. 366. we a ae ' Rey #9 er ‘ P os, ca oe 1 | 7 a =< . 7 “a = : . ” ; * : F , 1 ‘ ; 7 7 ? * 7 ‘ o x = = : wes \ es a” > ! - q ni . a ! a i © Cd Oi u 7 4 wee » = i a ts . — = ; = 7 3.) Dorsal view of the cast of the interior surface of a cranidium and outline of profile. U. S. National Museum, Catalogue No. 61575. sa. (X3.) A small cranidium from which the test has been exfoliated. U. S. National Museum, Catalogue No. 61576. The specimens illustrated by figs. 5 and 5a are from the Middle Cambrian: (5f) limestone in Wolsey shale, 11 miles (17.6 km.) south of Neihart, Cascade County, Montana. NO. 3, PL. 25 64, VOL. SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS CAMBRIAN TRILOBITES NO. 3 CAMBRIAN TRILOBITES 233 PAGE PGE ASEQCURC MP OIMOUME NVAICOLEA Sc oic se einen clrdss ce eee cee ete rieclet cous 186 Fic. 6. (X3.) Entire dorsal shield. The type specimen of the spe- cies compressed in fine shale. U. S. National Museum, Catalogue No. 61577. From Middle Cambrian: (159f) Wolsey shale; Sixteen-mile Canyon, Meagher County, Montana. VIIOEISEOGATERUNNOTSSONY CWVIALCOEL)). cics2 3 oes cccnes ccs cs voce e sew ae ce eons Fic. 7. (X2.) Type specimen of species. Cranidium. U. S. National Museum, Catalogue No. 24611. 7a. (X2.) Two cranidia showing variation in width of fixed cheek as compared with fig. 7, also free cheek. U. S. National Museum, Catalogue No. 24611. The specimens represented by figs. 7 and 7a are from the Middle Cambrian: (58) Shaly limestone in Secret Canyon shale; New York and Secret Canyons, Eureka district, Nevada. milgpastarare © Prospectense |CWAIlECOEL)” c6,f5. 02 -i0c2 a senses delet woes eeep Fic. 8 (4.) Dorsal view of a somewhat flattened cranidium which is the type specimen of the species as it occurs in a shaly limestone. U.S. National Museum, Catalogue No. 15441. The type specimen is from the Middle Cambrian: (52a) Pros- pect Mountain formation; Prospect Mountain, Eureka mining district, Nevada. 185 186 234 SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS VOL. 64 DESCRIPTION OF PLATE 26 Acrocephalites ? majus Walcott. .... 00.2200 coe cea eee ae cee ate eee wees 180 Fic. 1. (Natural size.) Large cranidium doubtfully referred to this genus. U. S. National Museum, Catalogue No. 61578. The specimen illustrated is from the Middle Cambrian: (4g) Wolsey shale: 1 mile (1.6 km.) north of forks of East and West Gallatin Rivers, Gallatin County, Montana. Acrocephalites? vulcanus (Billings) 520.22 jose ose oe pee eee _182 Fic. 2. (X 3.) Cranidium from the type locality of the species. U.S. National Museum, Catalogue No. 15437. From Lower Cambrian: (25) Shaly sandstone just above Parkers Quarry, Georgia, Franklin County, Vermont. This is the original of fig. 4, pl. 26, Bull. U. S. Geol. Survey, No. 30, 1886. Acrocephalites aoris WealCOtts... ssi. ae 06) 10.0 be aoa sntac a eee ce ee eee 178 Fic. 3. (X2.) Dorsal view and side outline of cranidium. U. S. National Museum, Catalogue No. 61570. 3a. (Natural size.) The same cranidium as that represented by fig. 3. 3b. (X1.5.) A broken cranidium showing occipital ring. U. S. National Museum, Catalogue No. 61580. The specimens illustrated are from locality 107d, Middle Cam- brian: Conococheague ? limestone; 1 mile (1.6 km.) north of Henri- etta, Blair County, Pennsylvania. Menomonia calymenotdes (Whitfield). ........2...-02 220 score ce cousaues 162 Fics. 4, 4’. (X2.) Dorsal view and side outline of an entire cra- nidium. U. S. National Museum, Catalogue No. 61581. 4a, 4a’. (X2.) Dorsal view and side outline of a broken cra- nidium. U.S. National Museum, Catalogue No. 61582. 4b. (Natural size.) A nearly entire specimen of the thorax, pygidium, and base of cephalon with 42 thoracic segments. U. S. National Museum, Catalogue No. 61583. 4c. (X2.) Same as fig. 4b with photograph retouched to bring out thoracic segments. 4d. (X2.) Free cheek associated with the specimen represented by fig. 4a. U.S. National Museum, Catalogue No. 61584. The specimens illustrated by figs. 4, 4a-d are all from the Eau Claire formation of the Upper Cambrian. Fig. 4, from locality 100, near Menomonie, and figs. 4a and 4d from locality 83a, Rock Falls, both in Dunn County, Wisconsin. Figs. 4b-c are from locality 98, near Eau Claire, Eau Claire County, Wisconsin. Dresbachia amaia Walcottszc. 3 don chs econ ace oe eee eee 167° Fics. 5.5’. (X 4.) Dorsal view and side outline of a cranidium, pre- serving the projecting frontal rim with its deep median furrow. U.S. National Museum, Catalogue No. 61585. SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS VOL. 64, NO. 3, PL. 26 CAMBRIAN TRILOBITES NO. 3 CAMBRIAN TRILOBITES 235 Dresbachia amata Walcott—Continued. PAGE 5sa,5a’. (X4.) Dorsal view and side outline of a broken crani- dium. U.S. National Museum, Catalogue No. 61586. 5b. (X2.) Free cheek associated with cranidia of this species. U. S. National Museum, Catalogue No. 61587. 5c. (X2.) A narrow form of free cheek associated with cra- nidia of this species. U. S. National Museum, Catalogue No. 61588. The specimens represented by figs. 5 and sa are from locality 79x, north of Galesville, Trempealeau County, Wisconsin. The speci- men represented by fig. 50 is from locality 84, Dresbach, Winona County Minnesota, and 5c, from 98x, Eau Claire, Eau Claire County, Wisconsin. All are from the Upper Cambrian, Eau Claire formation of Wisconsin and Minnesota. VAI GEUSEO COR CMUCTC CHIN acl CO GES ere cee ca eian cols galore: Slee oye leie. > Siobiavels easier orgie 187 Fic. 6. (Natural size.) A broken, weather-worn cranidium. U. S. National Museum, Catalogue No. 61580. 6a. (Natural size.) Interior surface of a broken cranidium. U.S. National Museum, Catalogue No. 61590. The specimens represented by figs. 6 and 6a are from locality 55s, Middle Cambrian: Bloomington formation, Blacksmith Fork Canyon, Cache County, Utah. VACHOGEP GILLES Ca LOMLETOUES Nal C Otters sec ciehe +s crdjsciels «icy « eidjeisie vein ae eas 179 Fics. 7, 7a. (Natural size.) Top view and side outline of the type cranidium. U.S. National Museum, Catalogue No. 61501. From locality 340c, Upper Cambrian: Rawlins, Carbon County, Wyoming. PAT PUA s OMITEUL EIT A Na 20s ns cep acs waa Bie stm e(aie ties + - _ Wate cope ee ‘i, gee ee ee ' 7 7 eal! a ; cat a ue Saint ie meee t 4 i) eS ‘ i - { i : be t sa { os - = 1 ty = + Py } i { \ y _ | } f h Pd A ae i mn nr t ia 7 ‘ Vp Sysy, 7 % : ” ; ae an) te Le ie 7 <5 i hk ite oo F inate # ae hoe : hd “ } ° PF he a2 hi A i ot ae ee sl ii) au tae oa" e y r Mh NO. 3 : CAMBRIAN TRILOBITES CTENIOCPialus: Upis* AVAICOLL Wort teeieeta alc ene SRS a ks Tea es aeiaeeee s Fic. 4. (2.) Cranidium with broken front border restored from associated specimens. U. S. National Museum, Catalogue No. 61695. 4a. (X2.) Under side of associated free cheek. U. S. National Museum, Catalogue No. 616096. 4b. (X2.) Pygidium associated with fig. 1. U. S. National Museum, Catalogue No. 61697. 4c. (X2.) Under side of an associated pygidium. U. S. National Museum, Catalogue No. 61608. 4d. (Natural size.) Fragment of weathered shaly limestone on which several cranidia occur and the pygidium represented by fig. 4b. The specimens represented by figs. 4, 4a-d are from locality 150b, Upper Cambrian: Gallatin limestone; at head of White Creek, Lewis and Clark National Forest, Montana. 250 SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS - VOL. DESCRIPTION OF PLATE 34 Lonthocephalas: pholiss Walcott. .2:< 034. ask: 0.0.0 04 22 aoa oak ee een Fic. 1 (4.) Interior of cranidium. U. S. National Museum, Catalogue No. 61690. 1a, 1a. (X4.) Exterior of cranidium and side outline. U. S. National Museum, Catalogue No. 61700. 1b. (X4.) Cranidium preserving relief of glabella and strong occipital spine... There is also a cranidium of Norwoodia tenera on the same piece of limestone. U. S. National Museum, Catalogue No. 61701. Lonchocephaias :plena Walcott. 3... 20s sccwe es. teen eee Fic. 2. ( 6.) Dorsal view and side outline of a broken cephalon. U. S. National Museum, Catalogue No. 61702. 2a. (6.) A cranidium preserving the glabella and fixed cheek. U. S. National Museum, Catalogue No. 61703. The specimens represented by figs. 1, 1a-b, 2, and 2a are from a shaly limestone, (3on) Upper Cambrian: Weeks formation, House Range, Utah. Lonchocephalus chip pewaensis Owen. (See pl. 37).....-..--.ceeeeeecees Fic. 3. (X2.) Surface of sandstone with cranidia and pygidia. A cranidium of Pagodia thea Walcott and fragments of Hyolithes primordialis Hall occur in the sandstone. (See plate 37.) 3a. (X6.) A nearly entire dorsal shield with the weathered sur- face restored from other specimens. U. S. National Museum, Catalogue No. 61704. The specimen represented by fig. 3 is from locality 98, Upper Cambrian: Eau Claire formation; near Eau Claire, Eau Claire County (collected by Dr. Samuel Weidman, and now in collection of Geological Survey of Wisconsin at Madison) ; that represented by fig. 3a is from locality 82, St. Croix Falls, Polk County; both in Wisconsin. : Lonchocephalus minutus (Bradley) ........0. 00.0.0 s0cece ee sess ee ceenaes Fics. 4, 4a. (3.) Dorsal and sidé views of a convex cranidium. U. S. National Museum, Catalogue No. 58566. 4b. (X 3.) Associated free cheek. U. S. National Museum, Catalogue No. 58567. 4c, 4d. (X3.) Dorsal and side views of a cranidium preserving the anterior rim and border. U. S. National Museum, Catalogue No. 58568. 4e, 4f. (X3.) Dorsal and side views of a pygidium from which the test has been exfoliated. U. S. National Museum, Catalogue No. 58569. 4g. (X3-) Dorsal view of a pygidium preserving the test. U.S. National Museum, Catalogue No. 58570. The specimens represented by figs. 4, 4a-g are from locality 77, Upper Cambrian: Potsdam horizon; sandstone near the water below the falls at the high bridge, and also at several horizons in the section, the highest point being 70-75 feet (21.3-22.9m.) above the water in Ausable Chasm, Essex County, New York. The above illustrations are taken from Smithsonian Miscellaneous Collections, Vol. 57, 1914, pl. 43, figs. 21-24. 64 194 190 193 SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS a r wakes \i +t LE ee CAMBRIAN TRILOBITES NO. 3 CAMBRIAN TRILOBITES 251 REEL PAG DISCOMSEMSES (© WEL). 3 octasn) oi cis see sic oem Sis crave ia ste hoy oats ofa estoy aie 198 Fic. 5. (Natural size.) Cranidium with occipital spine broken off. sa. (Natural size.) Side outline of fig. 5. 5b. (X2.) Side view of a small cranidium. 5c. (Natural size.) Free cheek. The specimens represented by figs. 5, 5a-c, are from locality 151e, Upper Cambrian: Gallatin limestone; Yellowstone National Park, Wyoming. These specimens are associated on a slab of limestone (U. S. National Museum, Catalogue No. 35225) and are the same that are illustrated by woodcut prints on plate 64, figs. 1, 1a, Monogr. 32, U. S. Geol. Survey. By error, in making up that plate, a figure of Saratogia hamulus (Owen), fig. 1b, and of the pygidium of Ptycho- paria diademata (Hall), fig. 1c, was included under this species. MT BIORAE) CONCUFETG ONVIALCOLE)) poise ele cave ash ooe 1h ee ats Glas cvs anie, waficlols.c we eines 197 Fics. 6, 6a. (Natural size.) Dorsal and side views of an imperfect cranidium. U.S. National Museum, Catalogue No. 58554. 6b. (Natural size.) Dorsal view of a cranidium, showing the characters of the glabella. U. S. National Museum, Cata- logue No. 58555. 6c. (Natural size.) Free cheek. U. S. National Museum, Cata- logue No. 58556. 6d, 6e. (2.) Dorsal view and side outline of pygidium asso- ciated with this species. U.S. National Museum, Catalogue No. 58557. The specimens represented by figs. 6, 6a-e are from locality 76, Upper Cambrian: Hoyt limestone; Hoyts quarry, 4 miles (6.4 km) west of Saratoga Springs, Saratoga County, New York. The above illustrations are taken from Smithsonian Miscellaneous Collections, Vol. 57, 1914, pl. 43, figs. 7, 7a-I0a. Cropicepnalusetuncia. WaleOttassky sam ails ae@ew qadare de oa cee eee agnee we ees 17 Fic. 7, 7’. ( 2.) Dorsal view and side profile of a cranidium. U. S. National Museum, Catalogue No. 61705. 7a. (X3.) A small pygidium with front outline restored. U. S. National Museum, Catalogue No. 61706. The specimens represented by figs. 7 and 7a are from locality 150b, Upper Cambrian: Gallatin limestone; head of White Creek, Lewis and Clark National Forest, Montana. Wanchocepnalus. minor. (SnmmMard) .<.ccmies sea eles when do «sie sales sikelele 192 Fics. 8, 8a. (4.) Dorsal view and side outline of a typical cra- nidium. U.S. National Museum, Catalogue No. 61707. 8b. (<4.) Pencil drawing of specimen represented by photo- graph in fig. 8. From locality 84, Upper Cambrian: Eau Claire formation; Dresbach, Minnesota. PROS CHUGEDHOIUS NV AICOLE so scsis 01. 221s coisas see ee ee eee eee 226 Fic. 2. (3.) Entire dorsal shield flattened in shale. U.S. National Museum, Catalogue No. 61724. 3. (<3.) Entire dorsal shield flattened in shale. U.S. National Museum, Catalogue No. 61725. The specimens represented by figs. 2 and 3 are from locality 35k, Middle Cambrian: Burgess shale member of the Stephen forma- tion, on the west slope of the ridge between Mount Field and Wapta Peak, 1 mile northeast of Burgess Pass, above Field, British Columbia. Vanuxemella contractor’ Walcott. oo. .<+ss0i0 From locality 83a, Upper Cambrian: Eau Claire formation; Rock Falls, Dunn County, Wisconsin. VOL. SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS LONCHOCEPHALUS CHIPFPEWAENSIS Owen (D) AND OTHER SPECIES 258 SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS VOL. 64 DESCRIPTION OF PLATE 38 Wannevria walcottana (Wanner) ois os. siting wun cates nian a ete 219 Fic. 1. (Reduced to three-fourths natural size.) Cranidium crushed nearly flat in argillaceous shaly rock. 2. (X2.5.) Portion of the surface of the specimen represented by fig. 1, enlarged so as to bring out the reticulate structure. The specimen represented by figs. 1 and 2 is from (12x) Lower Cambrian: 1 mile (1.6 km.) north of Rohrerstown, Lancaster County, Pennsylvania. It was loaned to me by Dr. H. Justin Roddy. 64+, NO. 3, PL. 38 VOL. SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS WANNERIA WALCOTTANUS (Wanner) INDEX The references in heavy-faced type refer to the locality numbers and the pages upon which the genera and species are described and figured. PAGE Abrigo limestone, Upper Cambrian locality 358. ..............200eee ee 213 Acrocephalites Wallerius, genus described... ............-ccecc cee cesnee 174 Campaned|: willl A lOMUSIOGONE ace Hew wie Sainiaws siete sian snsisersl 183 AlORISEC CATER LLM T.OSUIM Ae ecient ieisieion Sele eee 185 Alokistocare, Inouyia, and Ctenocephalus exsulans Te irittaDESS OM a ecco e hse na octave te Mae atone hasen eran 176 Pivchoparss: striata (Emrich) 0% otitis 's oes slain g es 175 COmpanison Ol CEMELAn ok moc cya stems sla aig slew a's sonreleia c/a’ s'e:e ee 176 ERS PC CLES teria eran tsi mies ins ein ere Anata 174-175, 176-177 formerly would have been included with Ptychoparia........ 177 genotype, Solenopleura ? stenometopa Angelin............. 174 PEGSHCAP LIE! |GISEEIDULION, ers seeiasesic rhe were Se, ccmialler a: sie bje's/6' zara letaial 175 OSE TV ELELOTIS meri ciete eens a rane stoned eicceie chavemrictecemustastecetirarete ss 175 SEL APO RAP ECE TOTO EK a fore rel aus ayes aid el ovina eww erally wie 5 eyes safer ers « 175 Swedishie diaonOsisy vie. osxete a aisierrsrein osc evaiche(eloval ls cite. lisa) ave aroliaare 174 americanus, new species, described ..<).. 2.05 slic cee sss ee de cnsisives 177 etre pl. 2A is 2) DA-D, 3, BO-O's 6 0.06 scinisa oie's se eolos valoaivie's 230 compared with Acrocephalites ? majus............. cc eeeees 180 LER OCEPNGILES GOTUS 32.5 oye: aisre sis 1s) <5 s)s10. #014 Sis #076 e.0t0,8 eras 178 Acrocephalites insignis and A. stenometopus......... 177; Acrocephalites multisegmentus ......00.. cece eecees 180 VACrOCEPMOULES TUTUS? o5 cuore sx soon nes eee nee aI 181 Aloktstocare althea and A. pomona...............++-. 183 US CUSS Emre ects ANS Poms otis Chavo eles YSIS Anaya Mekovetotei 175 FoOpmMation, and lOCAlMEY ji 5,015, cw sete sw < m0) ape 12 wVoraeol os Slsiaiot a wins 178 SEGMAMS Bas aoadaaawccoan obo Docu oO SONS OD Sonne ABO MOD Oon 177 BOTS MeN SPECIES, -CLESCEIDCO tein cra cw dea aye eae « alate afemet © oem meee 178 Heed. ple 2H, OSs Bsr SO=V ona o-scsrciecas aoe we eee arrimineins choco s sommes 234 compared with Acrocephalites tutus and A. americanus...... 178 FORMATION ANG) LOCAMCy naz sons smote Ae tie Srae aarec ese aera 178 SLAM ORADIIC LAIR EY olor ics 2 aiercis nd) to Aaja strats ae ia toe uyatal 175 ZOSTCI ANE WASPEClES) CESGEIDE Mint craic) sini axsrererteramaene sp nteie) airovevan a ctecsierete 178 AIS MIRE CMD nO WSS. Oi OG=Crrcrcreve tetelarete fee tis enevsiecie ion selcdeoorcisreeielele 234 compared with Acrocephalites stenometopus........177, 178, 181 PARMA MONeANs LOCALITY ome she ais 5o8 ics ae crete endionia cen een 178 SEGA Prat Coral OC ye yrs haart A slas cies Aoisie eevee serie eee aioe 175 “glomeratus, new, species, described: .2. sas sceeo ees detest ves see 179 RIM CUED ee ISS 7 eRe ania crotcecte are) Nine tha aiaieca tae eiel el Svaveys sales 234 compared with Acrocephalites ? majus, A. haynesi, and Pty- (el OPN A SB NOG Ore Ca OCOD OE ROME 179 FOLMAMOM An, LOCANEY: wc \cicls Om oa sicuue.s oulle cs sietea eusigereeneteiene 179 Shiba Moma p HC: ANE. a sec aaa seis S cise tne cesle Lise cele oreo elclecaers 175 he ahs» INDEX Acrocephalites—Continued. PAGE haynest, néw species, described: 2.0.2... si.c ace ire ie ele see cee heured: pl.v24) Mess 4 AG=0 Sse fas cette in ee ier ecient 230 compared with Acrocephalites ? glomeratus................ 179 ACTOCEPNAWES 1NSUGIUS. «neice ee nescence: eer oe 179 Acrocephalites multisegmentus .........--++++---+--e- 7/7) Acrocephalites stenometopus and A. tutus............ 176 GISCISSER! 2 sci e tay ore Meals Soko Arai, we is ES eno Oe 174, 175 formation. and? locality ccc occ ce cee oe ee or ecu en ee 179 type specimen in Museum of Comparative Zoology, Cam- Brides | MaSSiais ccaverore cis) seers shee les eens et cen etn 179, 230 INSLOMIS; News Species. describeds ay, scm eilae crise od icievelelsickelols elevates 179 heared pl. 25, es. 0, Las U in wis capers Swiei eccrine eee eine 232 compared with Acrocephalites americanuS.... 1... 0000s ee eee 17a Acrocephaliies Nayneston s+. asec se eee eee 179 Acrocephalites multisegmentus .......--+- 222+ eee cee 180 Acrocephahtes stenometopus .. 60. ..+2.< so siestinstet eee 180 formation and localityaancemtmeeceG ciieiti eie citar ctie etait 181 Stratigraphic Pangeus 0 <¢ oncesl- gusts Sate onesies 175 INDEX Acrocephalites—Continued. PAGE aD MIGOUSa Goillings) describedansene secs aceide ce acieere ear a6 cite 6c 182 iHFEROURELG be} 0) eA OM AIDE EAs, ANE Ae Bi cae, Ark eee ECs Os hala Mie esa en a 234 FOPMAMOL mall Gel OCalliityenee cere eecletoe piers niet ac eis ee ahels Sies ns 182 Sirationaphicnangerstem ates crete weldale ae ae ee Me eesee. 175 SVILOMVMys Aeisse ee ele tele eee “alt See! ct eee 182 Acrothele bellula Walcott, associated with Crepicephalus coosensis....... 206 colleni Walcott, associated with Vanuxemella contracta............ 222 associated with Vanusemella nortia. .............20.00000. 223 panderi Walcott, associated with Vanuxemella contracta.......... 222 Acrotreta kutorgai Walcott, associated with Crepicephalus coosensis...... 206 Agnostus levigatus zone, Acrocephalites from......-...+.+s-s.+-+-+-<-- 175 MidcdlerCambrian localityaZ0on- cn. 4. .s-2seen eee eee nels. 181 PAG ROULOS A @OLUA SEMIS enaAImMeG™ sash ac oleic hed civisek we osm cisineniorselcele 173 associated with Tsinania cleora Walcott........:........05- 227 ceticephalus Barrande, compared with Agraulos stator............. 173 SLALOM Ae Warspecless CeSChthedis....< syarsiea e nsc-n aoe ae hae cura 173 Sale davequtincval-all lo) SnesaN alan tenis GMO AOA ae iets Wee ea atti ect Mana e wea 254 associated! with Vanuremella. nortia............0+-026.0ss- 223 compared with Agraulos ceticephalus Barrande.............. 173 forma tionman Gal ocallitiysnepia: wae yore hese eee ccrehae cae de ie uae 174 RNS Cara EU ENG sees Ne ace afc are, haps ereG TRS Reha cis ose ateete [73 BS MEA AMMA CROCE PAGES AIM dere end x eye Sue is eo ee ee ches ete en 175 CRePIECPMAIUS Moet 3.5 /o tshise ook pid coe Me ware hone hw ae 203 Middle; Cambrian localities, x6d} 90, Tia:2. oy0.....00. Sees. eee 178 LO GAIEOOKE Coat peek wie kes ce ee ek eo ee, Pa - 178, 206 LOeAMi yO Pie Aces SRSA Sot eres tion oa deme se 178 CTSA Final 2 ea ory ee SE Sy ee ee aa ea tae 178, 180 lOeAiy ALI Za rae hoses. So dshiss sev ke oo od eon acne 180 MNT PERERA EAE Aghia MEE Nore, Sie ota ccts sihercen ice ws simanctante Rio este EE 169 Winer Canibiian locality BOs ctx. .ck ss te area a Lee Le Cee 218 Poealitias ROat LOO; EAQGA™ hited /.onis 2c cornea ee 214 Lacon ihya Oy ils: S aracis a ochre Gee Aas eres ae ee L707 1 203 IFOTEEN IT 2G) Came Ap es Rea SP pa ES a WO Aegis HCE eR hie. LOCalityele4 FAN Bott ee eee ee eee 215 1G GallitteSr 92x OI Xe sce key ee LTO es a 170 LSC FT a Nd ae gt Si apres ae Sane ad | UL) 2/0 ce See eR a et 172 LOG RODS ai tie Sore rte Se eras a See yee errr tc ae 190 IPORES') Fh tagts 0 TAD een de Ao cco Atel Ie a ASE TORT oie Lee A Me 170, 171 locality Ss BOR cc cate ature tone ah hier a oe een 170, 178, 215 Pipertae lower Cambrian lacality, QiQaneccsn sb Wa dak ale MOD Ee ec ee 174 Albertella,compared. wath 'Vanurxemella . 5 .<.00650 coc8es weak cee coca veiene 221 bosworthi Walcott, associated with Vanuxemella nortia........... 223 helena Walcott, associated with Vanuxemella contracta........... 222 associated with Vanuxemella norita.............i.0c0ceeee. 223 wilbenteliaezone, lower Cambrian locality: 35ilr esas. aaeuee nc eene oes aoe 174 10 INDEX PAGE Allokistocare Lorenz, genus described. .2°. 20 6st. . saison o- ees helene 182 compared: with Acrocephahtes. 2.2 sin. tee oats see oe 176, 183 Macrototus cotae oxen acs ae Fo es eee Ta Ag tes formerly would have been included with Ptychoparia........ 177, genotype, Conocephalites subcoronatus Hall and Whitfield... 183 geographic distribution ios. so oe tale ee eee eee 183 ODSERVAHONS Wa Skee cae Snel eoeee Seeene 183 SCRINIENES fo Po..ies ois na ae asia bia io So sinha Se eee 183 Species compared: ¢. 25-75. slew sewia dees oo sctioe ieee 182 strationaphic range pace acces mem ae on eee eee 183 SYMON SAMY: 8, iewcciere css ee rea» Soe eel tere epee a ee 182 alihea-new species, Gescnibedar asriae eee ieee eeane £6 yap ee 184 fipured pl.25y- hes. 3.30, 4, Ade nw woo ce sioe eek Skee ee eee 232 compared with: Alokistocare subcoronatum (Hall and Whit- PELEL)’ 9 "SSvelecerayens-e,aieie’ Siete etaie ima ocr says nie ae ee 187 Ptychoparia striata and Acrocephalites americanus.... 183 formations and Mocalityac oer cle cee ete eater iterate 184 S€atmenESs not Hae eek he eo eae Sie ree IO Se Re 183 © labrosum. Mew species. Gescribedee cesses oie rie aoe 184 figuced, ‘pls 25. figs. (5, GA. cva..ccties nevis teins ers see aee ns tree ene 232 compared* with Acrocephalites... 0.0 cme ose eae 176, 185 - Alokistocare and Menomonia............... Dees a8 185 Alokistocare prospectense and A. linnarssoni.......... 182 ALORUSTOCGLEe: SUBGCOTONGEGIN. aoiceoelcle cetera cielo sites 184 formation and locality, sae sss seein ae cei er enere 185 intermediate between Conocephalites, Alokistocare, and Meno- MONG Macwiels vice leiwiee Sar ske cise See DORON 184-185 linnarssont( Walcott): describeder: st...) tee leeieie aero eee 185 figured pli 25, hes. F.7Ge 5 4c sas 5 tins ame os cokes ease eeeras aes 232 compared with Alokistocare labrosum and A. ? prospectense.. 182 Alokistocare 2 prospectemse. « «iim. ai « aie sda teloneele 185, 187 ALGRUStOCaLEe: SUDGOTONGHEM > «tare cajun over er ee 184 formation and: localitiyier ou -.re eacaisiete seeds oe leioe rite tae 185 SYHOW YY. ec siesta whe creo noe sowis os ct eiaice oct. 0a tore a 185 pomona, new species, described. ...........----eeeeeeee Scie 186 figetred sols 25, figs Gar. sac ira sre rns sn es Ceres eee ae ee 232 compared with Alokistocare Ticidd.. 2. ca. 0-10 en ana yore 188 Ptychoparia striata and Acrocephalites americanus.... 183 formation:and docaltty.s: 2 .c= ccc antec eet cere teen 186 observatiGns. --.2-++s+oee- oe 226 Cache County, Utah; Middle’ Cambrian locality, 55s.<-...-o-.4-2 12eo eee 188 calcifera, see Saratogia. Calymene: compared, wath. Mienonvoinde sans sae ae a ae eer re tere 162 Calyménid: contpared. with: Norwoodide.... 22025... oe. «. Sane ce cee 168 calymenoides, see Conocephalites and Menomomia. Cambrian faunas or China spublicatione..c-0-)5 cae eee ine eee eee 160 Cambrian fatmas of Eastern) Asia, publication..: 52%... cece o- 32 ae 160 Cambrian’ Grilobitesspublications ona. ease eee ee eerie eee 160 Cambro-Ordovician boundary in British Columbia, publication A Rye ae 160 camiro, see Crepicephalus. Canadian Pacific Railway, British Columbia, Upper Cambrian locality SAGO ~ Sicc rere dics sh aise OM ee ee Eee oe ee 228 Cap Mountain formation, Upper Cambrian localities 14d, 67a........... 213 ~ Cave Spring, Floyd County, Georgia, Middle Cambrian locality 141...... 181 Cedar Bluff, Coosa River, Alabama, Upper Cambrian locality 90a. .170, 171, 213 Upper CambrianvlocalitytoN as. sense eee eters 170,171, 21S 2Is ero Center Township, Cherokee County, Alabama, Upper Cambrian locality : QAR iii Hee Es Vo wa aiere oe eee eration Oe a talere meets 170 Center County, Pennsylvania, Upper Cambrian locality 107k........... 165 Geratopygide. family aamedis haseescce ea. secede aeons 199 Crepicephalus into, familys coc ct nose sae ee Oe eee eee 203 INDEX PAGE Champlain Canal, New York, Upper Cambrian locality 109............. 194 Chepultepec, Jefferson County, Alabama, Upper Cambrian locality 5 ULC teh eG RnR belt tact tt Ry AL eR 190, 214 Cherokee County, Alabama, Middle Cambrian localities 112, 112a...... 180 ChinayCambnrian taunas ot, publicationeses sae see soe coe ca ese cee. - 160 GCrepicePialus) Mn ae oe eee eee eRe Be ee wi Soe cise ses 203 “STUATH AIYOI TO Ss 11 pe SOEUR rere trai chen Oras een pelts i A Arh 195 chip pewaensis, see Lonchocephalus. Clear Creek, Burnet County, Texas, Crepicephalus texanus from........ 200 cleora, see Tsinania. Cleveland, Bradley County, Tennessee, Upper Cambrian locality 128 near.. 197 Collen Vier acknowledoments sana ores lowe eee oslo ee ota aeisiersoeners 186 comus, see Crepicephalus. ° Conasauga formation, Middle Cambrian localities 16d, 89x, 90, 95, 112.. 178 ae Waddle Canibrian locality 90x. +... 212 2s5 2/0 wbisckw se wen ness 178, 206 LOCAlIteS Me Mo Bree er este eter sie oe oe elements ote ra acleerees 180 HO Geuln tyne 4 ima cee eee a cot Aas oy o.oo bate om eons hola aoe hel ta mea ho cre sane 181 reason for reference to Middle Gambrian...+-.:......-..---.--+-<-+ 228 StralignaphyadithhiCtltetonwOlk Olltsanccm cs ceiooe nae aes loans seve eceae 9s ae ee 202 SYNOUYIMY .,-\. 2c. ccSeieeaess ob cae eoadae se traces eee 204 camiro, new species, described ©. 214 fonmatlonyandell Ocallitiye =e erties crete elon teeters 214 NiSHE Coho sierra ee eh les eee Renee R ato oh verenaicl foncnctcn nately ‘@eer203) stratigraphic ‘ranges sae accra ae Selom uctersievensisiei neicrersie’)sioleiesere sus 202 texanus elongatus, new-variety, described. ......5.......000sccwces 214 figured, pli, 2o-fies: 4, AG. A0%c- at nreycen Gees eee aes 240 characterized) tens yedsatss co eee ot teers ioe ari tereeste >. 20 compared with Crepicephalus texanus.............-- 212-213, 214 formation: and slocalitiyecis-emmeoeteee eee cenit Fecr es 214 bs) otc eer ee oN oe SAAS cic. come DO Gb oacou-con oo Aor 203 Stratigraphic: ange oa. smectic ied Tee oer errr 202 INDEX Crepicephalus—Continued. PAGE LLOOSOMMCWASPE CLES CCeSELIDE Mitac inc see ose tea ces cisterns whale nave 214 ikSs(BUReAL pO lg MSY ey AMES Y ba) os, Sis css ean ots Gecie gc Ve EIST STERS cic IEE ae 244 compared with Crepicephalus tevanus.. 2.00. .vcie cece asdes 214 CrePiCePHAlESHCOMUS omen ich ere tes eee CO wares hie 205 Crepicephalus tripunctatus magnispinus..........-..-. 215 Creprce phallus TUMIdUSin sac cinco s face eee aoe Hees 217 HoOmiMationwand Localityacc smc Arte aoe Seve cialstsal taveie +! crera eh 215 MSEC pe renree eae caer ctavernayecele Moree srokae eae eTe OAT RC roe eins Bie 203 StU Shap Ms. PAM Cee ww erase ove see rerte neue arent certain eis eres 202 inepunctatuise OWihit8ield)). described tte me enc se cc sels s cine. eels oc tae 205 MOTE pln ssi OSs Me, TED ine 5. so mrarsrenciae ene -cieia . wa eee eee 161 compared with Aloktstocare ? labroswm................+++: 185 Calymene and Ptychoparia 4 is... skies Sateen eee ae 162 Mp lardigian, KicicthoreN eee See ar Se Se ee Ee 164 genotype, Conocephalites calymenoides............0.0++-005- 161 geornaphice- distributions... eee eee ee Dene eee ee 162 ODSEFVALIONS. Ve. wyesshats crarousea Seo ee Ae oe eI ee eee 162 referred to Metriomonidze:s.c. 2 fie 025 2, See ee 161 relation to Alokistocare 2 labrosum.. sees eee ee 184-185 stratigraphic range’ 2. ahs. wal gene pene eee 162 calymenotdes) (Winitteld)). described ss--eeeee eee ene 162 “figured pli 26, figs” 4, 4azd,. coke eee ee ee 234 associated with Lonchocephalus chippewaensis.............. 256 compared withyOresbachtame. etn eee ete eee 167 Lonchocephalus chippewaensis Owen....... oa © SOC IQI formation: ands localitys-4ec.mceee eee eee eee 163 SYMONY IY voy vein aie ose hele a eres Pare chee eis Niaanates OS eno 162 Menomonidz, news family: tc ccc 50 tain os eee eee eee 161 Menomonie, Dunn County, Wisconsin, Upper Cambrian localities 80, S2a, LBA. wis acdcine cise eS enee Bion Oa ee Eee 192 Upper ‘Cambrian Jocality, L@os--. 2055. so soe arene eee 163, 167, 200 Merostomata, publication omar eee nett rae tSaioe ee 160. Micromitra alabamaensis (Walcott), associated with Crepicephalus: coos- ON SUS. k Shc ot Oe aaa CED eo rae CEO ee 206 Micromitra (Iphidella) pannula (White), associated with Vanuxemella COWETA Bed ret ticins Ss onclalele ooun ev Ore eee ieee eR Ee Micromitra (Paterina) wapta Walcott, associated with Vanusxemella ROTKE o2.0ess ieee aes Oe Oe ee 223 Middle Cambrian Branchiopoda, Malacostraca, Trilobita, and Meros- tomata; publication~.isissous a. ete es cee eee 160 INDEX PAGE Mindle @ambiian, LOCAEEY | Ti. «one cyalous Geyaveys iain ove voli ss eee de Goon sceec ear 224 Mars eEE MCS sp A OeMR ArOvaalri icicle’ lols csnge one anes e Sha terea’Srale = Sere wield ie BEle\ i 180 Melee Stim he Sit cbse ronda ene ate end ais cay cck seals oie Cea Caracal ei Spal diane", « 185 hoxeen Wha 73 07 0s ng on wepoteriniond Gee oe AO nie me eeactO CRE ETS caer aren cin he ace eae 225 localiticser6d-7SOx+.005.05,0KO7 ds foe te eise ediciones ae ve 178 LOCAEESE SCS 2A ISA Onna steve oe Aan oe ee oP elo oercreee Siurere 187 HO Gat tayyias oy KAR ee crane ee ncotes estes ei. ieiartee rs eta ake lvoe Ran ea TO eek nels 226 IKGYGRAIET 7 at Fou, anbre es Sinents aeRO IRE CT PEER Gc Geren S fsticia Mtn one Roe 188 IGYGAIIEG GF Tae 1 Rote a ince Cy ES SRI ea ce tera RA 3 ec a 184 LO Cait ye O ONE Bere ct ete Aeneas slates eleis*el ples aie Sm aU II eater 178, 206 Goat ites sem MG Mc MPN Siva hr cee eon nse ay oreo cy ncraisk ob tome ohoss eater MRE Toe 178, 180 AO Galli tee Seemed Rg OO UMS yes er a evo csens! cies veNe toh aay nie etek acer eee eas ieunal eral 181 IoSorall Bieta CISC) Chk aay eee OR Ne a OIC sR EN a REN AC Eee MUN ta 186 Millard County, Utah, generic name Millardia from.................... 164 Mallard sne wig Cnusis@es Cribed er eer ssc nice eieieoeinc clsig ace sieiers cle crore ache 163 ASSOCIALIO Lb pr oe arier te cicioretel roa er eraleh otter nckodo cana ia eneerere eats 161 compared = with MOresbachia: oc Sen. wa cce eet S508 se ve .. 164, 167 NEI OMUO MES Hid MOIS Tareas rc aha etc ere ne IOS IIe Beaael NOSE 164 genotype, Mellardia semele Walcott....----.22 2+ eosses 164, 166 PEOurapimie distDUtiatl . sieges. cow este oe eestor teat 165 Phacopinz, compared. witht Norwoodidzes 2 ch. (cnt fe)e nie eelon oie elo eile 168 bholus, see Lonchocephalus. Pilot Knob, Adams County, Wisconsin, Upper Cambrian locality 99a.... 199 Pioche formation, Lower Cambrian locality gta... -4.---- 4-2-4. 205, 200 plena, see Lonchocephalus. pomona, see Alokistocare. ponderosa, see Norwoodia. Potatotop Hill, Burnet County, Texas, Upper Cambrian locality 67a..... 213 Potsdam sandstone formation, Upper Cambrian localities 77, 109, 110a, MUD, SOA sco io ecvars chet alo aya eee ckeusloheratenenterstsbere 194 Poughkeepsie, New York, Upper Cambrian unnumbered locality near.... 197 Proparia Beecher, onder gamed sats « <0 ene celeritete ee ee ee 161 genera. Of association :.|. .> sit ate esse meee eee deere 161 brospectense, see Alokistocare. prospectensis, see Ptychoparia. Prospect Mountain, Eureka County, Nevada, Middle Cambrian locality [Yo F: Cpe eR ea MAI era ra He acres a IO Gib 6 187 Prospect Mountain formation, Middle Cambrian locality 52a........... 187 Ptychoparia, associated with Crepicephalus COOSCNSIS.........ceeee eee ees 206 associated with Gomwcemenla NOTuaassues: aces niee 223 compared with Acracephalhites ? glomeratus..............4- 179 Aicnocephalvteas 2 “napus ree catsinie cae ates eee ae 180 Grépicepnialus: seat er eee eee coal Seen eee 200 Menomonie: 22a Seren ce eR one oe eae ee eee 162 Nor woodidse 72S: c swiss tire eink ree erecncrc eters eros 168 SOTOLO BAG Fe sihoaoa e iose ani hohe eon ie erere renter orcke 195 diademata (Hall), included by error with Saratogia wisconsensis (Owen) ces: US testi cok bee ae ee 251 Compared: withaSiaraGlLO Gia wets asin es tna etelotellrsielcrers Ss elaieie 195 INDEX Ptychoparia—Continued. PAGE ROchDer compared: wath, SGPAtOgids cc Siw. dte tage Nese (aed w OAS Leen oes 195 (2) alinnarssond, NValcott, ine synoniyinye cits cee oe sal tales aul «1s cle © 185 MANNA NValCOtte inusyMOmvymyneiteiieiee areec rece clean elena 193 MANUS NVALCOL Tle SVLLON YIN jae eee teitaor atic ciciccionic esc ine e 193 ZEpLOSPCGLEMSISMN ALGOLL, ihe SyMO Ty Ayelet ctatieeierie ie ersiee there rel se 186 striata (Emmrich), compared with Acroceéphalites................ 175 compared with Alokistocare althea and A. pomona.......... 183 subcoronata (Hall and Whitfield), in synonymy................6. 187 wulcanus (Billings) Walcott in. synonymiy.%.-.... 0. ei cose ne 182 Sp:, associated with, Vanusxemella contract@.... 05. becuse ects ee cos 222 (Creprcephalus) Aowensis; An synonymy. .32...<5.. .. bose. ccs. dee 208 (Lonchocephalus) wisconsensis Walcott, in synonymy............. 199 Rawlins, Carbon County, Wyoming, Upper Cambrian locality 340c..... 179 Red Clay, Whitfield County, Georgia, Upper Cambrian locality 358f..... 215 Reeds Landing, Lake Pepin, Minnesota, Upper Cambrian locality 97.... 109 River Junction, Houston County, Minnesota, Upper Cambrian locality 84a 167 Rock Falls, Dunn County, Wisconsin, Upper Cambrian locality 83a, 163, 192, 209 Roddyasties)istins acknOowledoinentSecdenmciacicictes oe eeiieieisieieiiaee o car 210, 258 Rohrerstown, Lancaster County, Pennsylvania, Lower Cambrian locality E2XMeAL TS dyice SMe ae Serta tials wt ec le Be 220 Rome, Floyd County, Georgia, Upper Cambrian locality 96c near........ 170 Wppern Cambrian localityansSdi nearer eee sect secs serine 172 saffordi, see Norwoodia. St. Croix Falls, Polk County, Wisconsin, Upper Cambrian locality 82.... 192 salteri, see Menocephalus. Saratoga Springs, New York, Upper Cambrian localities 76 and 76a near 197 NGRALOGIG, NEW. Gents, described sie). viva sa we Hoe Daa RAR Ros cee 195 compared with Crepicephalus iowensis Owen, Ptychoparia diademata- andy ew eOChibeden scene cdec es lecicels or 195 Lonchocephalas appalachia se 2/ Hae Gene eo ibs ile oe es 190 Eonchocephalus chippewaen ses sii iso. Melts oo cis ses 196 Ptychoparia ......+» BE ret ae ee ais ERS 195 genotype, Conocephalites calciferus Walcott..............6+: 195 ODSERVALTONS bes sree bytes Soak ecco Stay he aa ie ena ee Gane 195 SPECIES MIISLEC Med cocci AR Meher taint < mien iene econ alate a ll a Be aylatiseted Ove 1906 COMPAL ed, Paar iacirde acceso oe Sere MEA ies 195-190 stratigraphic range and geographic distribution............ 195 arses Ane warspeciesnsGescribed iss pricarctenre ocraeiciasia cae teks ante orosieinees 196 HIEd a plows Gui gSurANtAd—Di yates cin saci crel uatverte hacia Serio e 252 compared with Saratogia,aruno and S. WISCONSENSIS......... 196 FoEtMA bon ame lecality. yi see ste Mie Seah Saws ais sss cit roae Sosa S 196 IGS TS ols A ett Ai eee PN, ORae Ge ERIN Ea ALE ee ae a EA AE, 196 Qruno, pilew Spectres, (desert bed ac .ckis acc) ose) aierdccuoteyy asso oes one eee bas 196 HAUTE pl Aes een os MiCtEs PDA MERCI acta Aeayensi aes stalls cera ee 252 ComparedswitheSO,ALOGtayarSeSene aaa meen onion cleats 196 SULALOGIGL WESCOMSEHSUS) v=, Soe isla Os 6 dee skc Soe wile Rae 196 Histedins Binet seract FHS GUNS 56S BS OLS EE Re ete eae 196 INDEX Saratogia—Continued. PAGE calcvfera (Walcott) describedessaeeten: 1 els ek a pl ae OI RO ge hada Nee 2055 215 nely: cated MRA SARA Oe ae ey ee Rott eres ete lores cans Conte veto nee alt ele rate tates ea 172, 219 Neca tyeeMicd A Deere an oe ike pec tcp at ee areia cee cw wish ne eo crelat = eeheriy ateuogey er eater 219 HOA yee My Mae ite cae = Ae We sles o/soeke erly oe oie Se etl seat 213, 214 Vetere itaeph gy Sets Sere nd ote eaten cts eit Metres teat ma pet oNTR a uate Reeser alagens aro 196 Locality sa OCE sot). tice +. PERC Pea We ee oye ersrmetenshela oleh ae ous cesta 179 localityes AOE Ott acta Melo dl soe oe ee Meme en See sored sak Oem On 228 Vere Eye Rp Pees cree ie One ce ober ao Pt ae tne Raha: Siete laut aes 170, 215 KeGall ities Waaatobanl oversea mca ae erkoonie Gates clotleibimcienr Ue diucuumosecmmer 179 NUrelnme icy OC EP IRAE AS Aly o acid > Scie tciate-e si staltane seis siai toa ales 4 veils elses 175 PATO RUSE OGY Cltlien ere eae ac otoo Sie Be Td Spare Se are alg huang eteteoe ees 183 COP CEC CHIEN EG SMUT a5 eco ehale) cai tie ote aioe een ea etale iets Wie ele atave wa alerete er eevee 203 LGR EOE HOINIGE Ree Anh oo age dee Sato ae at DUO nD OSA Ceo COO nc 189 Maddie Cambrian’ |G Calitvesy:3 £Gv5 4 Ome cite ences cieker ei ciel tstotel aisles 187 Gest hyerS 5 Stay or cas ere elcic, Hes arene cyetee chain gs estes timspahencret heey ate 188 SVU CE CLUE AT IN steerer orc Re OTN See IORI o loonehs Brose el chars eteneene creates 164 INT RGU OOM) Shock tice Ren Bina nese DBRT em coro er 169 l Wyner Cambrian localities 14v, gon; ZOl... 6. \. 3.55 occ oc mmeies jytens 207 Inealitvesemai USES Sis cay acten cs by oemas acohoawenas soe tae 185 LOCA ES 33 OM, SO Oo soc foo. ics ele Mies ee mci 166, 172, 180, 194, 207 GAYA SO tase ec cence, ance cette ions wise ee cetaceans oaeste neous are8 195 Sealy SOW ccs) Saale nd cc plmecas «siento cles ieisie em ehe sr atste 227 Ute limestone, Middle Cambrian localities 31c, 540..................-- 187 Ute Peak, Utah, Alokistocare subcoronatum from....................-- 187 Maniuscem. Lardner, eeneric ame. ini Memory, Of...) seis, «livre anise sete 221 anuxemella, new eens, described. 3...) ses state ees. s aa stages 6 220 compared with Albertella and Karlia stephenensis Walcott. . 221 genotype, Vanuxemella contracta, new species.............. 220 geographic distribution Tee eam ie Ora Seer ie = ee 221 GHSEEVALIONS He «5 ctevkates ge. cca Stenteniae baal states wl teteoneroere. « Setatn e 221 second species, Vanuxemella nortia, new species............ 220 Strata hl Ge Garey pvaselatta mtr teloele elsioisic lo ted Auer yoteucrcisie el ok-toue 220 Coniractamew especies, Ceserihed siyscerees acramvele ole = cin alepel ose) fools otorer 221 Hetedapl ye FOMUPSieA Abewae scene oe satel Ghee enka sists 254 ASSOCIATE PAA MIStEMian, st areca casnoiyanieie eerste oe aac sain: 222 compared with. Vanuremella, nord cass on ote Sutie ssa acts ee ss 222 ibinnkSTICONNGH an GSA O ASI GD GOD OOO ROS Oeste Sees eo or oc 221-222 LOKMation atid. lOcALik yes cits cic ie,< aecrcke ore Bap nciereiehes cate as 222 RSAORTNS coodagogeccndsboodubuoo ae Feu DCEO GUDOONo ODM OOK 220 CONE AUIS. 5S ee teb id Ge hd OO SIRS BO OO TA OO CIGNA ABest eae 222 INDEX Vanuxemella—Continued. PAGE nora new species, described ....../.% .« 0400 c:0 4 scien a seep etmelets 222 He ured: piss ZO). Bis ces coal avelec oie enters loleloeitenaieiateke rs PeteTot remotes 254 associated fauna, listed ss... scscnean cer conic methine 223 compared with Vanuxemella contracta...........0...eeeeees 222 formation, and localityc.nncdecc coset cress eet teeceeiers 223 SECONG ‘SPECIES. <... aatin area 214, 217 LOCA EVA GONG 2. Avda eae Bae ewes AO o ae bas apis ae 167, 193, 200 IGealittess GOL Ga. Oar S4s Mad concn. Aside fas cates de ei 192 lGcalities Sao MOOR s sere ScGa nc fo eco eaten ee seneee scotae aa 199 IOyeel etek ee Me re OB Sip Ree Che bin SOICToIn. oasis ee 163, 192, 200 facalitvas ates tiene naar asst tered kaj sss eciecics 163, 209 NeveallityapQUSin eaten sete ore ae cles saints sic crete ie eee mis 163, 192, 209 ACAI Ty MOOR ac csttencs so o.Ste oie se ieee aisha sete eae a as 167, 192, 209 A arecltty ROOM Keyes x ccsnieise ot easier stone's) stele eieiarere ere sts 163, 167, 209 [owalityeROOAa ee cats esc wii aa tca cle Con tare alte, are ara vier eines 192, 209 Wolsey shale, limestone in, Meagher County, Montana, Middle Cambrian heacalityays bres ancien uc cia ae a Pause asta Se Miaralst 185 Mididilei@ambrian lOCaliby AS. Tis sees faeces icin wise nicle aie ea etelayaraie sie 180 forcallab eri @ Etats seco eo eae the Rieter se pease Grain ore Sate a tialeie eee 186 Wiyomitie: Crepicepnalus 1 .)5... 2... 20s: 00 oc ose e soon ee wewcaee news oon 203 Uppers Cambrian locality D5 ED. os 5. cece naa oa nie om vlarale a\elsiaine sa1c 213 Hes aul epee EG > Gin hia hie eas Bose Ole esie’ wove ee elo a tereleanetneje-nenie oes 199 POCA ye AOC soc. Sieintesate ag ahr Oe Seese [ate wl voieenwiaie orale < pla aiaimieinas Ss 179 Yellowstone National Park, Wyoming, Upper Cambrian locality 151b.... 213 Wppers Cambrian locality 5 Tex, |. te... = a 2-08 =o eels viele sie wis 199 7 a Rete oc) eee ies eeu, Sus m _— | ae a epee rae, y >) © 2) a zy REEL SAN prio) PCs -3 aif i a> eg oz ae wy) ; ’ ype Vis - 7 J ‘ £ tl ’ 5 ey ’ = ’ : x ‘ << 7 oar al | = a a al =. : — ‘d Sse --—- ge a % at . ed: > hae 'y Lt bea ee : ae ee RP oy, 4 : sere ees A tne : P a4 ee oe Ona is 380m. (rem a” Tete eT ee or ® atin he A ae = eat oe z 3 te Lae ie r a = i 7 aw bealiga 7 = ¥ - oer X ™ F 7 2 a ae | wS ao y's ; = = 00s € (3. = 120 215% one et . ny eae a at 4 > p See s - ? - co +, af, ¢ ata = ir a 7 <4 * (ae a ae - - mie eee: Pel aie oS art @ AY Sa Sle eee Pe a ~? aS Ge a et aan any 5a 0 alee ee SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS VOLUME 6 NUMBER 4 CAMBRIAN GEOLOGY AND PALEONTOLOGY IT] No. 4.—RELATIONS BETWEEN THE CAMBRIAN AND PRE-CAMBRIAN FORMATIONS IN THE VICINITY OF HELENA, MONTANA (WitH PLATEs 39 To 44) BY CHARLES D, WALCOTT (PUBLICATION 2416) CITY OF WASHINGTON PUBLISHED BY THE SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION JUNE 24, 1916 The Lord Baltimore Press BALTIMORE, MD., U. S. A. CAMBRIAN GEOLOGY AND PALEONTOLOGY iy No. 4—RELATIONS BETWEEN THE CAMBRIAN AND PRE-CAMBRIAN FORMATIONS IN THE VICINITY OF HELENA, MONTANA By CHARLES D> WALCOTT (WitH PLATES 39 TO 44) CONTENTS PAGE IGRNOCKUC NO) ncuntiegee tn SoA tir eS OO OO SA Ses on On ne as Oe 260 Wralcotts diacrammaticrsection: of 1cOOs-te eek sciseieeenne eeeeenee ae 262 Algonkian and Cambrian sections at Helena and vicinity................ 265 iPre-Cambnanw Alcona OGinablons reece eee eee coe ene 265 Spokamersshval ey etic ts see yee a a isiiotohar Meter aes eee Peat ier es Swale oka ai cucors 205 mipineeSMAalea meni ccyae ee se snc Cor eL A ere onrenee 265 iclemarelinrestonen se ttes 22 Haas ac ace ie a ee ois a Ee eee 266 Mica shits lial eaaret acces tem ene ats, er er aPae crete eee at ree eit oer el eee 267 Cambrian hOnmatlons toca sckrecs oae e eee ee ey ee See 267 ilatheadrqi@antzitesrrskrctc. scciere an eee eis, ee oes eee 267 RVclsexcrsitaleste,tn sass. 5 cde rtad Soe Acaer ers a Meee oe ee 268 Miecagierlimestones « «2552 aes shone ek iaciniee onic a eee eae 268 aim esa lpg ey etek se vanessa aM I oieieee eis See etyel leis etm ale tan erare 268 ial code MimaestOmey. a sk yrds AceiA,n Se eee eee Re Coates eee 269 iD) rays Gr Cekgisinall Cues... Yate ozctenetas: eM aaron tnre eek ee oko oe 269 DORs LITMeSt OMe mers ey tora Sweet wii hen swat creas Reacad arene te etree eet eg te 269 SUMMMNE, OF pene calm DEIGM oe e5U ane ae eA ioce Gobet « ce oie eo wei eG 269 Cambrian section to the northeast of Helena on Beaver Creek........ 270 Gambrian’ section’ of the Little Belt Mountams................-.+--% 273 Stratigraphic section of the Big Snowy Mountains... ............... 273 Rothiplerzasection ous ourlteblelena mim aac ae eee meena 277. Confusion in identification of the pre-Cambrian Helena limestone. 279 Rothpletz interpretation of Weed’s Cambrian as given in Butte EDOM tamer terate tect Satte Mee ee Totes Sioa on tret sane eR ated 281 Comparison of Rothpletz and Weed Cambrian sections in the Bleletia-ISthict Apyiae thea mnrs uch teeta barn rc ee eee 281 Unconformity between the Cambrian and pre-Cambrian............. 282 Grand WCatiy ene SeChOM ..i:+..a ele myaerere hs acmieie’s sic sienere (os ease wiciere ieee 282 Bow kiver™ Valleys SectiGmta st ss../acive scctrcc ove otc of Soe cde e ee ots 282 Belt? Mountaims—lMelenay section(s ioe acaces alc. ce eyelets ee 285 Extent and character of recognized contacts................ 285 Explanatiom of apparent Comtoriity.. «css ceca cuemiee oc ae 287 Extent. Obs uhconroriittyia noe So see 2G Quis wae oe one eee toe 288 Hipeiroceneti cuttin connhonrmitiess ee niame . ocean e ace coe calito 288 SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS, VoL. 64 No. 4 2c 259 260 SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS VOL. 64 Algonkian and Cambrian sections at Helena and vicinity—Continued. PAGE Gambrian basal-ancontormiutye..cereece a eee (eerie 288 Paleontologicalvevidences ces. * ore eisieels eerste tne te ieee 291 Determination of genera and species by Rothpletz............... 293 Gomment oni paleontolocicallieyidence-s 4-446 ae eee 205 Conclusions : Rothpletz- eos oe Ble Se ee eee ek ees Reet onan 296, 207 WralCotts:s eesiz.cts sinks co linte Gee ioe ant pene eee eee esate 296-298 Some: general iconclusromsSiya. see oe seis oeieseks lai islet sacle ee ieisier ieket 298 ILLUSTRATIONS FIGURES 10. Big Belt Mountains—Helena section, indicating unconformity between the, Cambrian) and! pre-Camibigramepeweers ciel ier) ei eteiek teeters 263 11. Unconformity between Cambrian and pre-Cambrian in Grand Canyon, INGAZOMA. ca Taerace Se co's es ee AR ee POTN abe 3 es Lao een 283 12. Unconformity between Helena limestone and Cambrian Flathead sand- S10) 0 Rn ne nh an ce OSE AC POA EOD O5 Ob.0-0 OE 286 13. Unconformity between Marsh shale and Cambrian Flathead sandstone 286 PLATES FACING PAGE 39; Geologic map of area about Helena Montana. 522... «2-11. ol--rpeereneione 262 40 to 43. Unconformity between the Cambrian and pre-Cambrian in the GrandieCanvon 2a.fsec ssc mows ts pee eis ent Seis ae ieee 282-288 44. Brachiopoda from Park shale of Middle Cambrian................. 300 INTRODUCTION In a recent memoir* on the fauna of the Belt formation near Helena, Montana, Dr. August Rothpletz states that he found Lower Cambrian fossils in a shale above a limestone which he identified as the typical Helena limestone of the Belt series,” and beneath another limestone regarded by him as also a part of the Helena limestone. He also states that in his four days’ work about Helena he failed to find any evidence of an unconformity at the base of the Cambrian and therefore concludes that the Helena limestone and associated formations of the Belt series are of Cambrian age and not pre- Cambrian. Since my own extended examinations as well as those of other geologists and paleontologists as to the position of the Helena lime- stone and the age of the fossil fauna of the region lead to conclusions very different from those of Doctor Rothpletz, it has seemed to me ‘Die Fauna der Beltformation bei Helena in Montana. Munich, 1015, pp. 1-46, with 3 plates. ? Bull. Geol. Soc. America, Vol. 10, 1899, Pre-Cambrian Fossiliferous Forma- tions, by Charles D. Walcott, pp. 210-213. NO. 4 CAMBRIAN AND PRE-CAMBRIAN AT HELENA 201 advisable to review in the present paper authentic data on the rela- tions between the Cambrian and pre-Cambrian formations in the vicinity of Helena. As the conclusions of Rothpletz are based primarily on the finding of Cambrian fossils in a shale interbedded in what he decided to be the “ Helena” limestone, the first point to determine is the strati- graphic position of the limestone called ‘* Helena” in his section of the formations on the eastern side of Mount Helena. If the lime- stone he identified as the ‘‘ Helena” is not the Helena, then the elabo- rate deductions and conclusions he has drawn therefrom are without foundation. In order that we may more clearly understand the distribution of the several formations about the city of Helena, a part of the geo- logical map accompanying Bulletin 527 of the U. S. Geological Survey ‘is reproduced in outline as plate 39 of the present paper. It should be mentioned that at the time Dr. Rothpletz made his study of the rocks in that vicinity he had with him neither a topographic nor geologic map, and apparently before publishing his memoir he had not seen Bulletin 527 of the U. S. Geological Survey * containing a fine geological map of the region and a description of the several geological formations. The only geologic map of the area that he refers to is a small scale map published by Weed * with all the Cam- brian formations grouped under one color. He was therefore de- pendent on his limited observations for the identification of the pre- Cambrian, Cambrian, and later limestone formations in the Helena section. ' Rothpletz speaks of the old and very poor topographic map that he was obliged to refer to when writing his memoir. This is the same map that was used by me when making examinations about Helena in 1898, and it was on this account that the Walcott section was so broadly generalized, and the exact locality of the section and of the figures 3 and 4 so indefinitely stated (see p. 262). When I made my examinations of the formations near Helena, Mr. L. S. Griswold was engaged in preparing a geologic map under the direction of Mr. Weed, and in studying the Cambrian and later formations more or less in detail. In view of that work, and antici- pating the early publication of the results, I did not study and measure the Cambrian and superjacent formations in detail and only collected *Ore Deposits of the Helena Mining Region, Montana. By Adolph Knopf, 1913. * Professional Paper 74, U. S. Geol.. Survey, 1912, pl. 1. 262 SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS VOL. 64 a few fragments of fossils from the Meagher limestone and Park shale of the Cambrian, my objective being largely to discover the relations existing between the basal formation of the Cambrian [| Flathead quartzite] and the pre-Cambrian formations. The Helena limestone was examined north, west, and east of Mount Helena and its thickness was roughly measured on the line of my diagrammatic section southeast of the suburb of Lenox. WALCOTT DIAGRAMMATIC SECTION OF 1899* The diagrammatic section showing the relations between the Cam- brian and Belt terranes, to which Rothpletz refers a number of times, began on the east with the section of the Belt Mountains in the vicinity of White’s Canyon, thence passing over the Lake Beds of the Missouri River Valley to the eastern base of Spokane Hills, north of the boundary line between Lewis and Clark and Jefferson counties. Passing over the Spokane Hills, it next extends across the Lake Beds of the broad Prickly Pear Creek Valley about a mile and a half (2.4 km.) north of the boundary line between Lewis and Clark and Jefferson counties, and a little north of East Helena, where it bends to the west-southwest, near its crossing of the Northern Pacific and Great Northern Railway tracks; this was in order to avoid striking into the fault line (B-B) about a mile east of Lenox. South- west of the railway tracks the section passes over an area underlain by the Empire shale (4e),’ and reaches the Helena limestone (4h) in the foothills about 1.25 miles (2 km.) southeast of the suburb of Lenox, or about 2 miles (3.2 km.) from the thickly settled suburb in the southeastern portion of the city of Helena. In the diagram- matic section (fig. 10) the Helena limestone is represented as being overlain by formations that include Cambrian, Devonian, and Car- boniferous strata. No attempt is made to represent the character of the Cambrian in the sketch other than by a strong black line and lines above it, since the point desired to be brought out in the section and the text was the thinning out of the Helena limestone (4h) and Em- pire shale (Ae) both from the east and west toward the Spokane Hills, and that a great unconformity was indicated by the fact that the Cambrian rested on the Spokane shales in the Spokane Hills with the Helena limestone and Empire shale absent, and that in the Belt Mountains as well as in the vicinity of Helena both of those forma- tions were present between the Spokane shales and the Cambrian. * Bull. Geol. Soc. America, Vol. 10, p. 211. * The lettering used is the same as that on the map (pl. 39). S COLLECTIONS gMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOU, ORY Se oan ia IGNEOUS ALGONKIAN CAMERIAN ‘DEVONIAN = GARBONIFERGUS = GERTTARD “ SS ¥ : me “i \ S \ “gi. ym = Quartz =: AM = Marsh : ls = Lime- : Dj « Three : Cy = Quadrant : Tlb = Lake Me ‘% ; Monzonite: shale : stones and: Forks shale : quartzite : beds ~~. : : Ah = Helena : interbedded: and = : LALLY limestone : shales : Jefferson Ap Td = Dacite : As = Empire :<€f « Flat- : limestone : shale : head quarts-: Trh « Rhyolite: As » Spokane : ite : : shale : : 2.25 inches 3 1 mile ee, Cm = Madison : Tau = Aurif- , Af oo, limestone : erous depos-| i b oe e\. 1¢ Z Th, ‘Ss, \e 0 #2 80 oe « 1.4 ii 21 Kilometer 5, : + inches = 1 x Lometer Contour interval 50 feet. ! “4 - ~ aL 1 7 . ¢ = —— £4 5 gure Ao me ‘ YAGD oN , PPS A ph ical hin Ze 9 AGG eee. Sopa ! C Li hh Nei age aise Alphas TAL a A uf y . - : - - -- ara _s oe ia — “Gi : a GY 4 . LB hp Yi, Esai i ia GAP - &% 5 i Lp : "a, 2-4 & 5 f, ff, OK ui f wey a! ato) fy < Sk f Ps RS s a) Ky ome ; gets Nh BUT LD! me a’, Ss EA > per & Cat ams - ; A ON an 3 Wy Me ips A 4 Af od a: , . £4 a : if; Y }f 4 / HE set Hit ( rea | a! il ee Re ae A " Siete tts » J =e : = > : . . ; A iging F: coal ee An black and white of portion of geological map of Helena and vicinity published, in colors, as plate 7, Bulletin 527, U. 5. Geologie Survey. Lettering of geological formations explained in_ legend on cba gr ees. of the formations. The westerly fault : Gates, There are four (4) principal fault lines. The two most easterly, 4-4, B-B, have displaced’ a large block of strata that has moved to the northeast. The middle fault, C-C, has made little horizontal change im pos } faleott ino Gulch fault, cuts through the formations on the eastern lower slope of Mount Helena with a relatively small horizontal displacement of the Cambrian and pre-Cambrian formations. Section.— The approximate line of the diagrammatic section (fig. 10, p. 263) 18 indicated on the map by the broken line lV’-lV. NO. 4 CAMBRIAN AND PRE-CAMBRIAN EAST Dia- BELT MTS 2500 FEET ABOVE SEA LEVEL ) 2 SIH INYHOSS ‘) } A Y ee —— a a \ Lake beds ‘1c. 10.—Big Belt Mountains—Helena section, indicating unconformity between the Cambrian and pre-Cambrian. AT HELENA grammatic section showing relations between Cambrian and Belt terrane. 263 264 SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS VOL. 64 Rothpletz states that he could not find the localities of Walcott’s diagrammatic figures 3 and 4 showing the unconformity between the Cambrian and pre-Cambrian southeast of Helena. I find on looking up my field notes of September 30, 1898, that I crossed from the west side to the east side of the city of Helena, and followed the outcrop of the Flathead quartzite to the southeast and noted that a half mile east of the thickly settled southern section of the city the Helena limestone is not more than 20 feet below the base of the Flat- head quartzite, the interval being filled by arenaceous and argillaceous shales, and that in a prospector’s cut about one mile southeast of the suburb of Lenox, the quartzite rests directly on the limestone. At this line of contact there is a slight unconformity between the lime- stone and quartzite that in a distance of to feet shows the upper surface of the limestone eroded so as to cut out 18 inches in thickness of the upper layer. A pen and ink sketch was made in the notes and from it the diagrammatic figure 3 was drawn (see fig. 12, p. 286). This particular locality is about 1.25 miles southeast of the suburb of Lenox, near line of section W-IV, plate 30. The field notes state further that at another prospect cut about a mile to the southeast of the one above mentioned a band of argilla- ceous shale rests on the Helena limestone and the Flathead quartzite rests on the shale. The only evidence of non-conformity here was a small mass of shale left by erosion above the general level of the summit of the shale and rising into the basal bed of the Flathead quartzite. A sketch accompanied this note and from it the diagram- matic figure 4 was drawn (see fig. 13, p. 286). It is quite probable that in the interval between my visit in 1898 and that of Rothpletz in 1913, the sides of the two cuts may have broken down by weathering and thus the contact with the basal bed of the Flathead quartzite have been covered over, or it may be that Rothpletz either did not find the particular localities or that in his confused identification of the pre-Cambrian Helena limestone he did not know which lime- stone he was on. These localities are southeast of the fault B-B, plate 39. The notes further state that such small unconformities are re- peated on a larger scale along the strike by the increase in the thick- ness of the shales, or by their removal by pre-Cambrian erosion in various places, so that the Flathead quartzite rests in some localities ' directly on the limestone and in others on the shale. This latter statement was based on observations made along the line of contact of the Cambrian Flathead quartzite and the pre- Cambrian rocks, from about 1.25 miles (2 km.) southeast of the NOs A CAMBRIAN AND PRE-CAMBRIAN AT HELENA 26 qn suburb of Lenox for 2.5 miles (4 km.) to where both formations are cut off by a mass of rhyolite breccia about a mile (1.6 km.) north of the old mining railroad station of Montana City. We will now consider the Algonkian and Cambrian formations as they were known in the vicinity of Helena, by publication in 1913, also a section of the Cambrian formations 20 miles (32 km.) northeast of Helena and in the Little Belt and Big Snowy Mountains, in order that we may better understand the Mount Helena section and the Rothpletz interpretation of it. ALGONKIAN AND CAMBRIAN SECTIONS AT HELENA AND VICINITY In Bulletin 527 of the U. S. Geological Survey,” Dr. Adolph Knopf publishes a description of the sedimentary series at Helena, the data for which are taken largely from-an unpublished report by Mr. Walter Harvey Weed.’ PRE-CAMBRIAN ALGONKIAN FORMATIONS In speaking of the pre-Cambrian Algonkian formations Knopf says: ° In the Helena district only the four uppermost formations are found, and the top of the Marsh shales has been eroded before the deposition of the Cam- brian, so that the upper limit of the formation and its entire thickness are not known. The four formations mentioned are as follows, from below upward: Spokane shale-—(As on map.) It consists of massive- and thinly- bedded, siliceous shales, usually of a deep-red color, but passing in places into green and gray rocks, containing arenaceous beds merging into sandstone. The rocks form low hills, bordering the Prickly Pear Valley to the northwest of Helena, and a small outcrop occurs between East Helena and Helena between the railway tracks and Prickly Pear Creek. Empire shale—(Ac on map.) The Empire shale is a shale com- posed of massive-bedded, greenish-gray, well-banded, siliceous shales, showing color bandings of light and dark material and locally a marked knotty structure. These shales underlie a considerable area of North Helena and the subdivision known as Kenwood, and extend around to the north *Ore Deposits of the Helena Mining Region, Montana. Knopf, 1913, pp. 86-94. * Idem, p. 86. *Tdem, p. 87. 206 SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS VOL. 64 and westward of Mount Helena for several miles. Near the railroad about 2°miles (3.2 km.) west of East Helena they consist of pale, greenish-gray slates with characteristic purple spots. Helena limestone—(Ah on map.) “ The Helena limestone is a formation composed predominantly of impure bluish-gray or gray non-crystalline limestone. The limestones occur in beds 1 foot to 6 feet thick and contain thin, interbedded bands of gray siliceous shale, more rarely of green to purple clay shales. The limestones are ordi- narily dark blue on fresh fracture, but show a characteristic buff- colored, velvety appearing surface on weathering. The upper beds have a rough surface, with a pale or blue-gray color, and resemble Cambrian rocks. These beds alternate with shale and form the ridges on the northwest foot slopes of Mount Helena. “The formation has no distinctive physiographic expression within the district, but its relatively massive bedding gives the limestone prominence on the slopes about the city. “The name was given the formation by Walcott from its typical occurrence about the city of Helena. “The formation is barren of fossils, though the oolitic character and the local presence of carbonaceous markings has led to the belief that they will ultimately be found. The estimated thickness of 2,400 feet in this vicinity is based on rough measurements, as it is 1m- possible to find a satisfactory exposure of the entire formation for exact measurement. The formation covers a large part of the dis- trict, especially about the borders of the Prickly Pear Valley. So far as known the rocks are conformable to the formations above and below, and grade into them by intercalations of shale. The upper and lower limits are therefore not sharply definable. About a mile east of Helena the Marsh shale is wanting and the Cambrian quartzite rests directly on the eroded surface of the Helena limestone. Good outcrops are seen near the high school within the city limits. ‘““On the north face of Mount Helena the Cambrian quartzite rests on dark-blue and dense limestones, weathering buff, and these rocks in turn rest on pink and buff-colored shales, which appear red in most exposures and are included as part of the Helena limestone. These reddish shales contain numerous massive beds of white cherty limestone, forming reefs running obliquely across the slopes and extending downward within a few yards of the streets of Kenwood. The beds of limestone are 6 to 10 feet thick and in weathering and character resemble those of Paleozoic rocks. The same pink and buff-colored shales, with interbedded limestones, are seen in the NO. 4 CAMBRIAN AND PRE-CAMBRIAN AT HELENA 207 gulch east of Lenox, the 4,350-foot knoll [on topographic map| at that locality showing light-gray, fine oolitic limestone with black grains in a white matrix.” * Marsh shale—(Am on map.) The Marsh shale consists of red and yellowish-green shales and thin-bedded sandstones. CAMBRIAN FORMATIONS These formations were studied by Weed on Mount Helena and they compare quite closely with the same formations as published by Weed in 1900 in his account of the Geology of the Little Belt Moun- tains of Montana’ (see p. 273). From the base upward the following is the order of succession at Mount Helena *: Flathead quartzite.—(€f on map.) “The Flathead quartzite, the lowest formation of the Cambrian system, consists of a hard, fine- grained, massive quartzite varying to grayish-yellow gray sandstone. The lowest stratum in places is pebbly, grading into a conglomerate at the base. The bedding planes range from a few inches to a few feet apart and faint lines of sedimentation are seen. The rock is jointed by sharply cut planes. Higher up in the formation thin bands of gray-brown mottled and green micaceous shale are found locally, increasing in thickness toward the top. The pebbles in the basal bed vary in character from place to place and consist pre- dominantly of the material derived from the immediately underlying beds. As mentioned elsewhere, this quartzite is in most places appar- ently conformable to the Algonkian, but there is a slight angular unconformity observable east of Helena, and the Marsh shale is in places cut out, so that the quartzite rests directly upon the Helena limestone. The only fossils recognized are scolithus borings. The total thickness of the Flathead quartzite in the Helena district is 300 feet. The formation is easily recognized in the topography of the area, as the resistant nature of the beds causes them to form low foothill ridges, which are prominent on the slopes of Mount Helena, and as the cap reef on the mountain ridge running southward from that peak.” (Evidently westward as the Flathead does not extend southward from the peak and the ridge extends west-southwest. ) * Bull. 527, U. S. Geol. Surv., pp. 88-80. * Twentieth Ann. Rep., U. S. Geol. Surv., Pt. 3, pp. 284-287. * Knopf, Bull. 527, U. S. Geol. Surv., 1913, pp. 89-90. *Tdem. 268 SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS VOL. 64 Wolsey shale-——The Wolsey shale, Meagher limestone, Park shale, Pilgrim limestone, Dry Creek shale, and Yogo limestone are all in- cluded under €/s on the map. “ The Wolsey shale* consists of micaceous and calcareous gray to greenish shales, which contain small oval and flat concretions of limestone, grading in places into thin and very irregular plates of limestone. Trilobite and shell re- mains of Cambrian types occur abundantly along the contact between these shales and limestones. The rocks are in few places well ex- posed, owing to their soft and crumbly nature, but their position is recognizable by, the ravines cut in them or, on the mountain slopes, by their forming a more gentle angle between the limestone bluffs above and the quartzite ridges below. They have a thickness of about 420 feet” (in the Helena district). “ Meagher limestone.—The Meagher limestone is composed of light-gray to bluish limestones, which are shaly near the base, but grade into alternating beds of massive, dark-colored and flaggy, white limestones, and these into thinly-bedded, dark-purple to blue, fossil- iferous limestones, forming the top of the series. In other regions the rocks are pebbly, but this character is not conspicuous in the Helena district. The rocks have an estimated thickness of 400 feet. They form the characteristic bluffs on the north face of Mount Helena, extending from the gentle slopes formed by the Wolsey shale upward almost to the very summit of the mountain. The rocks are also seen in the bold cliffs below the east side reservoir. Fossil remains occur, but no collections were made. “ Park shale.—The Park shale consists of earthy and micaceous dark-gray to green or purple shales. The rocks are not well indurated and crumble readily, so that very few. good exposures are seen. A partial section is exposed in the quarry near the upper part of the city of Helena, and shows the formation to contain lavender or pinkish beds, grading through green shales to a grayish earthy shale carrying an abundance of small fossil shells, identified as Obolella [Obolella (Westonia) ella|.". The upper portion contains limestone lenses in a jaspery shale, which grades downward into a dense cherty rock resembling hornstone. This shale has an estimated thickness of 150 feet. It forms the flat bench on the summit of Mount Helena, between the apex and the northern cliffs, and covers the ridge fol- lowed by the trail. + Bull. 527, U. S. Geol. Surv., p. 90. * Idem, pp. 90-91. *The reference now is to Obolus (Westonia) ella. (Monogr. 51, U. S. Geol. Surv.. 1912, p. 455. NO. 4 CAMBRIAN AND PRE-CAMBRIAN AT HELENA 269 “ Pilgrim limestone. —The Pilgrim limestone consists of massive beds of bluish to dark-gray limestones. The lowest bed is a dark- colored crystalline rock, mottled with yellow and dark-gray spots ; its peculiar coloration and massive character are characteristic of the limestone throughout Montana. This bed of mottled limestone is overlain by light-gray to white, non-crystalline limestone, used for making quicklime in the Grizzly Gulch kilns. No fossils have been found in the mottled limestone, but its position and lithologic char- acter correlate it with the ‘ Mottled’ limestone of the Yellowstone Park folio. This formation occurs on the very summit of Mount Helena, where it forms the uppermost bed of the gentle syncline sweeping down the southeastern side of the mountain. It is also seen in bluffs above the East Side reservoir, and forms a low cliff extend- ing up Oro Fino Gulch for 2 miles above the city, the relief being due to the crumbly nature of the Park shale in which the gulch is being eroded. The mottled beds are 150 feet thick and are overlain by white limestone, which is included in the formation. The total thickness of the formation is 317 feet. “ Dry Creek shale.—The Dry Creek shale consists of light-colored brownish-yellow, red, and pink shales and calcareous sandstones. The formation is well exposed in few places, but can be recognized by its topographic relief, as it forms sags in the high ridges and ravines on the mountain flanks. No fossils have been found in the shale. It is correlated on the basis of lithology and stratigraphic position with the Dry Creek shale of the Threeforks and Little Belt regions. The thickness is estimated at 40 feet. “ Yogo limestone.—The Yogo limestone consists of light-colored, thin-bedded limestones, with crinkly bands and films of jasper, in many places composed of limestone pebbles held in a glauconitic matrix. The formation corresponds to the so-called ‘ Pebbly’ lime- stone of the Threeforks folio. It has a thickness of 175 to 450 feet. The jaspery, flaggy limestone forms prominent buttress exposures along the east side of Oro Fino Gulch above the city.” SUMMIT OF THE CAMBRIAN On the map accompanying Bulletin’ 527 the line between the Cam- brian and Devonian rocks was supposed to be at the upper limit of a well-marked shale deposit. Later work, however, after the map was made, showed that the limestones above this shale also belonged to the Cambrian, and that all of the south and southwest slope of - Bull: 527, W..S. (Geol. Surv: p. Or: 270 SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS VOL. 64 Mount Helena was formed of Cambrian rocks; also that the upper boundary of the Cambrian southwest, south, and southeast of Helena would have to be placed at a higher horizon. This, however, does not affect the map for the purpose of the present paper. CAMBRIAN SECTION 15 TO 20 MILES NORTHEAST OF HELENA, MONTANA, ALONG BEAVER CREEK, ON THE EAST SIDE OF THE MISSOURI RIVER Beaver Creek rises on the slopes of the north end of the Big Belt Mountains and flows westward to where it empties into the Missouri River. The formations are finely exposed along this canyon. Be- neath the Flathead quartzite is a considerable thickness of siliceous, slaty, dark shales of the Grayson formation of the Belt terrane that strike north 42° west (magnetic), and dip 30° southwest 48° west. These shales are overlain by the basal beds of the Flathead quartzite which strike north 58° west (magnetic), dip 30° south 32° west. This dip increases to 40° and gradually to 75° near the top of the ridge on the north, and then returns to 35°. The strike at the top’of the ridge is north 50° west (magnetic). The section is given in my field notes as from the bottom up as follows: ALGONKIAN Siliceous, slaty, dark shales of the Grayson formation, Belt terrane. CAMBRIAN FLATHEAD SANDSTONE Gray, massive-bedded, quartzitic sandstone, with a few con- glomerate layers formed of small quartz pebbles. At 225 feet from base thinner-bedded quartz sandstones occur and again at 355 feet a band of thinner beds comes in. At 640 feet the massive beds of quartz sandstone give way to shaly sands and SHAVES | ve areere tater raei Neco rea a soe OC EEE 640 feet. WotsEy SHALES Thin-bedded and sandy shales with irregular, thin-bedded, shaly limestone carrying Middle Cambrian fossils at 180-200 feet. Purple and green argillaceous shales appear at about 600 feet from AH OKO DIC enn CRAs sion cid GERAD CCIE CSS ciG-d Gh maa GB eta, bic 695 feet. Intrusive layers of eruptive rock occur from above 100 feet at various horizons as interstratified thin sheets that add about 120- 150 feet to the total thickness. Fragments of shales are included in the eruptive layers on the north side of Beaver Creek where the eruptive follows the parting of the shale on the lines of bedding for long distances ; in places it cuts across the beds and drops a few feet to another parting or disappears altogether. NO. 4 CAMBRIAN AND PRE-CAMBRIAN AT HELENA MEAGHER LIMESTONE Thin-bedded, bluish-gray limestone with fossils at base. Strike NOTE COmmwestaa Dipe sou SOuUtmaweStee nse: asec cece. as secu oe 6 feet. Ptychoparia Acrotreta Iphidea LEU eIOI DLN She Ore DORE SETS Ee rrOkG iio EIS. SUCCEED tIn Earn II feet. Limestone. At 165 feet from its base the limestone becomes more massive and gray in color, and is made up of thin layers grouped in massive layers. At 360 feet thicker individual layers appear and continue to the top of the formation. Fragments of trilobites show here and there but very rarely. PLR EAA BAe avaycr or sh os steeat se ilanar eva cies axB io) oreo CENSUS OS oVGFE SINS GEL SCO 8 Siereka jeans "o"4is 720 A bed of irregularly-bedded, eruptive rock rests on the limestone beneath the Park shales. PARK SHALES Greenvand! purple argillaceous shale: 7. .ccen- ce ces seme sees 290 Pricrim LIMESTONE (a) Massive-bedded, gray, oolitic limestone, passing above to bluish-gray, thin-bedded, fossiliferous limestone............... 205 Fragments of Cambrian fossils were seen in a few layers. (b) Light-gray, arenaceous, finely granular or subcrystalline limestone. (Strike north 40° west. Dip 23° southwest.) In the lower 25 feet small Hyolithes occur with bits of trilobites. Above, the strata become more massive and coarser........... 135 A bed of intrusive lava 3 feet thick occurs near the base of (b). The Dry Creek shale and Yogo limestone of Weed were not recognized in this section. The shale is usually only a thin bed that is readily concealed by débris from the limestones above. SUMMARY: Pilsrimpelimestoner aecaceecc coos cee 340 feet. Pairk eshallen aspereny. Geis toate os. 0 tes 2 - Meachermlimestone: son.aeeeeeeee eee 720m Wrolseysshaleris sh aioe aati S acarena cttats BY Flathead sandstones) a..26 eee eae (vie) MotaliGampbrianwenceeoeeteeee cee 2,685 feet. The next overlying limestone is referred to the Devonian. No line of unconformity was noted in the ridge where the section was measured, although there is undoubtedly an unconformity by non- deposition of the Ordovician and Silurian. DEVONIAN 1a. Massive-bedded, dark steel-gray, arenaceous limestone, weathering to a dirty brownish-gray (oil-stain brown) color. Obscure fragments of fossils occur at the base. At 65 feet a band 18 inches thick in a massive layer 3 feet thick is almost made up of Stromatopora, Favosites, etc. 271 feet. feet. feet. feet. 272 SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS VOL. 64 Obscure fragments of gastropods and brachiopods occur 162 feet up and again at 350 feet up in a thin layer of light-gray, fine arenaceous limestone and ardarts layer abovessrm cece ie ies 575 feet. Noted: Stromatopora, Streptelasma, Heliolites. Sections of brachiopods and a gastropod. 1b. Light-gray, arenaceous limestone that forms a strongly marked, even-topped, low cliff, towards the summit. Strike north Gon west (magnetic) pa Dip 23> ssouthwestacereeer eeeeee tenes 180 feet. Numerous small, cherty nodules occur in association with bits of silicified Stromatopora, with thinner layers near the top. This limestone is succeeded by limestones referred to the Carboniferous. CARBONIFEROUS 1a. Bluish-gray, thin-bedded limestones with cherty nodules and layers of chert in some of the layers. (Layers I-6 in., 12 in., 24 in., thick.) This band begins at a saddle west of the slope on the top of Ic, and is a marked feature on the north side of Beaver Creek beneath the massive, gray, conglomerate limestone cliffs. Total of ta..780 feet. At 375-400 feet noted fossils, and at 740 feet from the base a fauna, in which the following species have been identified by Dr. George H. Girty of the United States Geological Survey :* Chonetes loganenstis Productus ovatus Productus semireticulatus Productus gallatinensis Pustula scabricula Camarotoechia metallica Spirifer centronatus Bellerophon sp. tb. Light-gray arenaceous to almost pure granular limestone in massive beds. In places carries cherty nodules. Weathers rough, forming jagged cliffs. At 1,225 feet from the base of 1b corals occur and at 1,850- 1,900 feet up the corals are in great abundance. Masses of Diphophyllum 2 to 3 feet in diameter. Syringopora, etc., etc. Total: OPO Earn Ah ak care: as Se ol ene EIRENE Ie actor 2,075 feet. Ic. Shaly sands with interbedded bands of gray limestone and sandstone. At about 600 feet up remains of Bryozoa are abundant. The section is here broken by the canyon of the Missouri River. On the west side of the river high cliffs of sandstone, etc., rise fully 1,000 feet back from and above the river. *“T would unhesitatingly call this fauna Carboniferous and also unhesitat- ingly call it Mississippian. It appears to represent the horizon of the Madison limestone. It is not, however, the most typical phase of the Madison fauna, which is of early Mississippian age, and I would not state positively at this time that it might not belong in the middle Mississippian. Even so, it would be within the limits of the Madison limestone as they are at present recog- nized.” (Information in letter from Dr. Girty, of April 5, 1916.) NO. 4 CAMBRIAN AND PRE-CAMBRIAN AT HELENA 273 CAMBRIAN SECTION OF THE LITTLE BELT MOUNTAINS Dr. Walter H. Weed has published a description of the Cambrian rocks of the Little Belt Mountains section 60 to 70 miles east of Helena and 30 to 40 miles east of the Big Belt Mountains.” The several formations were here first named as follows: PRON OSO) inieStOne mesa oe ae 130 feet. ¥ On DiveGreek= shalesmasac Be eee 40 &, Jewkeneiina inmost 55 occccocuccacas = Oj AR sPat kee ohales.. cst serene cicatisi ree es OOO) a) Meagher limestone 22.0255. 5: esos: Too-+- “ Qe Volseyashales a.) sass i er ee one GOs Pablatheadmsandstomes ssn asa ae (G0) Unconformity. Belt series: Spokane shale. A brief description 1s given of each formation and a plate (pl. 40) of comparative columnar sections of Middle Cambrian formations in central Montana. Algonkian formations —The pre-Cambrian formations exposed on Belt Creek south of Neihart are described and the statement made tha’ the unconformity between the upper formation, the Spokane sha'e, and the Cambrian Flathead sandstone is well shown on Saw- mili Creek.’ The Belt formations are named as follows: 5. Siolanie shale. soe da nea ise: 210) feet. AuGreay Son siialesacar em sence ee OSS) 2-eNewland limvestomereeee ssc aeeecr Hoy 2 Ghambenrlineshale- paca cee ee eee 27S Te Nethartaqeantzitersry-c 112 eee 702) = Unconformity. Archean. STRATIGRAPHIC SECTION OF PALEOZOIC FORMATIONS IN THE BIG SNOWY MOUNTAINS, MONTANA ? In an unpublished manuscript report by W. R. Calvert of the U.S. Geological Survey, on the Big Snowy Mountains area 60 miles east of the Little Belt Mountains, based on work done by him and his party during the field seasons of 1907 and 1911, there is a brief account of ‘the Cambrian and pre-Cambrian formations in the vicinity of Half 1 Twentieth Ann. Rept., U. S. Geol. Surv., Pt. 3, 1900, pp.-284-287. *Tdem, p. 283. : * Published by permission of the Director of the U. S. Geological Survey. 2 274 SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS VOL. 64 Moon Pass, which is in the southern central section of the Big Snowy Mountains. Belt series—Of this series Calvert writes as follows: ‘ The oldest strata exposed in the area are correlated with the upper part of *the Belt series, of Algonkian age, named from the Little Belt Moun- tains where studied and first described by Weed.’ In the Big Snowy Mountains these rocks were actually seen only in Half Moon Pass amphitheatre, but they are believed to be exposed also in connection with several other similar topographic features at the heads of Blake, Careless, and Timber creeks. A thickness of about 300 feet of these strata is exposed near Half Moon Pass, where they consist of dark, limy shale highly indurated and approximating a slate in physical condition. No fossils were found in these rocks, but their similarity to strata in the Little Belt Mountains of definitely determined Algonkian age, together with the marked angular discordance be- tween them and the overlying Cambrian quartzite, seem sufficient to justify their assignment to the Belt series of the Algonkian. At only one locality was the unconformity noted, namely, just to the east of Swimming Woman Creek, in what, if surveyed, would prob- ably be the S. E. 4-of Sec. 9, T. 11 N., R. 19 E. At this locality the Algonkian shale dips south at a 19° angle, whereas the overlying quartzite lies practically horizontal, so that an angular unconformity is apparent. “Tt is not known definitely whether the calcareous nature of the shale is due to original content or to later infiltration of descending waters charged with lime from the Paleozoic strata higher in the section. The latter assumption is given weight by the presence of many joint planes and a number of fault zones filled with calcite undoubtedly of secondary origin.” Cambrian formations —“‘ Lying unconformably on shale of the Belt series is a sandstone 75 feet thick composed mainly of pure quartz. Although indurated, the sandstone is not a quartzite, as stratification is distinct, and cleavage along bedding planes is marked. It is evidently a shore deposit, as cross-bedding is abundant and ripple marks are beautifully developed. The shore phase is also attested by abundant worm trails, the only evidence noted of life existing at the time of deposition of the sandstone. Layers of quartz con- glomerate are of frequent occurrence in the sandstone with pebbles *Weed, W. H., The Little Belt Mountains Folio, Geol. Atlas of the U. S., No. 56, 1899. NO. 4 CAMBRIAN AND PRE-CAMBRIAN AT HELENA 2S generally small, but occasionally attaining a diameter_of one inch. Because of the lithologic character and stratigraphic relations of the sandstone, it is correlated with the Flathead quartzite of the Little Belt Mountains section. “ Immediately above the Flathead quartzite is a mass of soft strata about 750 feet thick. Continuous exposures of this portion of the stratigraphic section do not occur, but wherever observed the rocks consist mainly of fissile micaceous shale, prevailingly of a greenish hue. There are occasional intercalations of platy, calcareous layers, containing numerous greenish granules, presumably of glauconite. Three collections of fossils were obtained from these rocks in the vicinity of Half Moon Pass. The lowest fossiliferous zone occurs very near the base of the formation and from this zone Asaphiscus capella Walcott, Hyolithes sp., and Ptychoparia sp. were obtained. About 170 feet higher stratigraphically fossils identified as Obolus matinalis (Hall) were found in abundance in a calcareous layer. Still higher, fossils determined as Asaphiscus capella Walcott were collected. ./... ‘ “Overlying the Wolsey shale is a formation with very distinct and characteristic lithology. It is composed of layers of firmly cemented, flat, limestone pebbles, with thin parting of gray fissile shale. The thickest layer of conglomerate noted was 44 feet, and the general average was 2 or 3 feet. Worm trails and ripple marks are plentiful on the upper surfaces of the conglomerate layers, so it would appear that the formation represents a shore phase of marine deposition, a view strengthened by the flat character of the limestone pebbles. From the lithology and the relation to the underlying Wolsey shale this conglomerate is correlated with the Meagher lime- stone, described by Weed in the Little Belt Mountains folio.” Carboniferous—* Madison limestone (Mississippian): Overly- ing the Meagher limestone is a thick mass of calcareous strata that constitutes the great bulk of the Big Snowy Mountains. This mass may be separated into three distinct lithologic units. The lowermost comprises 200 feet of chocolate-colored limestone, cherty throughout and massive in general appearance, though in reality somewhat thinly bedded. A striking characteristic in connection with this limestone is the strongly fetid odor emanating when struck with a hammer, due no doubt to some form of sulphur. It was supposed in the field that this limestone corresponds to one of similar character in the *Names of species are as identified by Walcott. 276 SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS VOL. 64 Little Belt Mountains, assigned by Weed to the Siluro-Devonian. In the Half Moon Pass locality, however, the writer collected fossils from the limestone, near the top, to be sure, but from a zone similar in every respect to the strata between that zone and the Meagher limestone. According to Dr. Girty, who made the identifications, this collection contained Pinnatopora sp., Spirifer centronatus, and several species of Fenestella, referred by him to the Madison limestone of Mississippian age.” Summarized, the Big Snowy section is stated by Calvert as follows : : Thick- Age Formation Character nessin . : feet { Unconformity. | [‘S) | = ; Lieu Red and green sh., reddish ss. | aS Ouadrantire.s oh and usually Is.as top mem- ) Nn | = DOR cies kien’ «pre Sote nak ee | 2 Carboniferous. = : 1 = a ee ..4 mass members with . = shaly Is. between. ........ 2. E400 = = is Sal : a a Madison ls... ‘2 Ls. thinly beddedso2o22enn. area a Ls. chocolate-brown, fetid = | odor when struck......... 200 Unconformity ? Meagher Is ....Ls. conglomeratic, flat pebbles 300 | Wolsey sh.....Mainly greenish, micaceous SUE OSCE SIix ss Ba “ih ‘ *y, at - CambrianS-= = * Alg at onkian® aes Unconformable contact between the Cambrian (7 =Tapeats sandstone) and the finest expcsure of 4 exposed between the Archean as seen in plate 42 and the highest beds of the Algonkian shown on the 1 beneath the cliffs of Cambrian (7=Tapeats) sandstone as the outcrop of the latter winds in and out arot the Chuar series (Ch) are beautifully exposed on the west side of the Grand Canyon in the Canyon Valley gressing Middle Cambrian seas covered them with its beach sands The line of unconformity (4c) at the base of the Cambrian (7=Tapeats sandstone) cuts across thot The locality is on the north and west sides of the Grand Canyon of the Colorado River, Arizona, opp VOL. 64, NO. 4, PL. 43 etamorphosed strata in the world. Fully 6,o00 feet of the Unkar and Chuar series of formations are ite 43, beneath the Cambrian. The red sandstones of the Unkar series (Un) stand out in strong relief inyons and projecting headlands between them. To the north the sandston shales and limestones of id Nunkoweap. Everywhere erosion planed these formations down nearly to a level before the trans- in thickness of the Algonkian (Un=Unkar) series on which it rests. ‘iew, and where the Colorado River flowing from the north bends to the westward. SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS % eit: ; i) ea ote aaa Algonki hmeta E i ta Norphose Unconfor rmable contac twee ; i Sarre ke ee gaa the Cambrian (T=Tapeats sandstone) and the fines: expcs" Mate 4 d strata ; eee te ee Saki Epa in plate 42 and the highest beds of the Algonkian show? 0" im canyon beneath nity In the world iz Dae eae an (7 = Tapeats) sandstone as the outcrop of the latter winds n and Oy Tand N and proje € Cambrian. 7] ully 6,000 fee ¢ : be series (Ch) are beautifully exposed See ket ‘ Be e latter wi? rol Nunkow or Jecting headlar Mee icn aces es pe Gaal sei Ge eet are Reautifully P sec envtte west side of the Grand Canyon =n theme Weap. Eve isadlands betw sandstones of the Unl ar and Chuar series of formati See ; sn ully osed on, the west sid } in “Verywhere eros; yeen then T kar series (U ; : : ations are iba : | en ach, sands ss al thick e€ eros - 1. To the ‘ n) stand ou ages * ormity (Ac) at the base ot the Cambrian (T= Tapez and ve) cuts act? lickness of sion planed these f ie north the sandstones oe and rmestones 0! é — fapeats_ sant sto! : \piZ0" » and wi st the Alg . ese formations down nearl aie jere ser eergisapee yn of the Colorado Rivers here the Coe etian (Un= Unk oe. ae = ahi Sai kar) series i i | a a 2 ) es on whic ike flowing from the ee mie tae yends to the westv ES vard. The locality is scality is on the north and west sides of the Grand Cany« VOL. 64, NO. 4, PL. 43 NO. 4 CAMBRIAN AND PRE-CAMBRIAN AT HELENA 289 Cambrian and pre-Cambrian. This marked unconformity is the record of the advancing, overlapping Lower Cambrian sea of southwestern Nevada, the Middle Cambrian sea of Utah and Idaho, and finally the Upper Cambrian sea of Colorado and the interior continental area. The Cambrian rocks may be abruptly conformable upon the Algonkian or Archaean,’ or apparently conformable, as in areas where there has been very little disturbance of the subjacent Algonkian beds.” Over the interior of the continent the Upper Cambrian strata unconformably overlap the Algonkian and Archaean,’ and there is here no record of any part of the Lower Cambrian period. I do not know of a case of proven conformity with transition deposi- tion between Cambrian and pre-Cambrian Algonkian rocks on the North American continent. In all localities where the contact is sufficiently exten- sive, or where fossils have been found in the basal Cambrian beds or above the basal conglomerate and coarser sandstone, an unmistakable hiatus has been found to exist. Stated in another way, the pre-Cambrian land surface was formed of sedimentary, eruptive, and crystalline rocks, the deposition of which did not in any known instance immediately precede the Cambrian sedi- ments. Everywhere there is a marked stratigraphic and time break between the known pre-Cambrian rocks and the Cambrian strata of the North Ameri- can continent.* The Lower Cambrian is characterized in southwestern Nevada by the pres- ence of the Lower Cambrian’ (Waucobian)* fauna, which there ranges through some 4,000 feet (1,220 m.) of strata that have no known line of demar- cation at the base to separate the Cambrian from some pre-Cambrian Paleo- zoic formation. This leads to the hope that still older beds and faunas will be discovered in this region which will establish a base to the Cambrian not entirely founded on unconformable superposition of the Cambrian on pre- Cambrian formations. In mentioning the pre-Cambrian surface I said: ‘ From the evidence afforded by the stratified rocks and their contained fossils, the first known sediments were deposited in a shallow marine basin that occupied an area now included in southwestern California and adjacent por- tions of Nevada. The incoming Cambrian sea encountered a land surface deeply disintegrated and more or less eroded nearly to base-level. Compared with the earlier epochs of Algonkian time it was a featureless surface, the elevations caused by folding and uplift in the geosynclines and the adjoining geanticlines of the Cordilleran, Lake Superior, and Appalachian areas of Algonkian time having been largely degraded. The rising waters met with only slight elevations in the Cordilleran trough, as evidenced by the almost entire absence of coarse conglomerates and the presence, above the coarse *Tenth Ann. Rept., U. S. Geol. Surv., 1891, p. 551, fig. 48. * Bull. Geol. Soc. America, Vol. 10, 1899, pp. 210-213. * Tenth Rept., U. S. Geol. Surv., 1801, pl. 44, pp. 561-562. * Twelfth n. Rept., U. S. Geol. Surv., 1892, pp. 546-557. *Tenth Ann. Rept., U. S. Geol. Surv., 1891, pp. 515, 549. * Smithsonian Misc. Coll., Vol. 57, 1912, p. 305. ~ ™Problems of Geology, Yale Univ. Press, 1914, Chap. 4: The Cambrian and its. Problems in the Cordilleran Region, p. 167. 3 290 SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS VOL. 64 basal sandstones and fine conglomerates, of deposits of very fine-grained sandstones and mud rocks.” Absence of marine life in the Algonkian sedimentary rocks —The almost total absence of a definite marine life in the unmetamorphosed limestones, shales, and sandstones of the Belt formations and all Algonkian formations does not apparently appeal to Rothpletz. With every physical condition favorable to the presence and flourishing existence of an abundant marine fauna there has not been in 30 years examination of these formations by many keen-eyed geologists and paleontologists an authentic reported find of a fauna unmistakably marine and allied to the Cambrian faunas. I reported a transient modified marine fauna from the Grayson shales * and traces of life in the Grand Canyon series.’ Later, I recorded algal remains * and bacteria * from the Newland limestone of the Belt formations, but all of these seem to indicate fresh or brackish water life or a frag- ment of a marine fauna adjusted to fresh-water conditions. ‘This taken in conjunction with the character of the Algonkian sedimenta- tion seems to point to a non-marine epicontinental origin for the known Algonkian formations.” Further, when speaking of “ Pre-Cambrian Continental Condi- tions, 1 said: The North American continent was larger at the beginning of known Cambrian time than at any subsequent period other than possibly at the end of the Paleozoic and the end of the Cretaceous, when the land was equally extensive. Indeed, it is highly probable that its area was greater then than even now, for no marine deposits containing pre-Cambrian life, as they were laid down in Lipalian* time immediately preceding the Cambrian period, have been discovered on the North American continent or elsewhere so far as known. 1 Darton has described coarse conglomerates at the base of the Cambrian of the Black Hills, South Dakota, but this is in an early Upper Cambrian forma- tion and far east from the Cordilleran region. It seems to be a local deposit. (Prof. Paper, U. S. Geol. Surv., No. 65, 1909, pp. 12, 13.) ? Bull. Geol. Soc. America, Vol. 10, 1899, pp. 235-238. *Tdem, p. 232. Smithsonian Misc. Coll., Vol. 64, No. 2, 1914. =Proc., Nat. AcadsiScinVola kp, 250; LOUS: ® Problems of American Geology, Yale Univ. Press, 1914, Chap. 4: The Cambrian and its Problems, pp. 164-167. *Problems of American Geology, Yale Univ. Press, 1914, GR. Acadia Cambrian and its Problems, pp. 166-167. ® Smithsonian Misc. Coll., Vol. 57, 1910, p. 14 (footnote). Lipalian (Necra+ads) was proposed for the era of unknown marine sedi- mentation between the adjustment of pelagic life to littoral conditions and the appearance of the Lower Cambrian fauna. It represents the period between the formation (beginning) of the Algonkian continents and the earliest en- croachment of the Lower Cambrian sea. INO. 4: CAMBRIAN AND PRE-CAMBRIAN AT HELENA 291 PALEONTOLOGICAL EVIDENCE The paleontological evidence given by Rothpletz in favor of the Lower Cambrian age of the “ Capitol Creek shale’ (= Park shale of Weed) is interesting. He tabulates it as follows: Upper Lower. Middle. Cambrian. 1. Protospongia cf. fenestrata........... < SK 2. Rustella edsoni var. pentagonalis...... x BE MnoulelamWeleng ae sncanenoaee eae Tee x AMODOVCHGNGYGSSG! «smecse. sel ciae eee oe x &. (Naalialtes WitlenWeo Gaoonoscguocapessoos x< OuAIGKOInela Cl. SASILLAIISS jos se 2 seis << x x TE MULOFAING Cla PCTTUGOt.. oes oss eens « SwEVoltwes Ch. OUMNESI. one. scsdee oe x < By the above identification and interpretation of the fossils from the shale a strong case is made out for the Lower Cambrian age of the Park shale of Weed, or as Rothpletz states it: “ We conclude that the fauna of the Capitol Creek shale is doubtless Lower Cambrian, but that it very possibly and indeed very probably belongs to an upper horizon of the Lower Cambrian.” * I wish I could agree with Rothpletz as to the Lower Cambrian age of the fossils he lists and illustrates, as it would be a great pleasure to me to know that the Lower Cambrian was unconformably super- jacent to the Belt series of formations in this section of Montana as it is on the north side of the Bow River Valley in Alberta, Canada.’ Such a condition would not alter in any way the position of the Helena limestone, which is far below in the pre-Cambrian Belt series. Stratigraphically (ante p. 281) we have seen by the section of Weed at Mount Helena that the Park shale (=Capitol Creek shale of Rothpletz) is 1,100 feet (335 m.) or more above the base of the Middle Cambrian and 2,455 feet (755 m.) above the base of the Middle Cambrian on Beaver Creek, 20 miles (32 km.) northeast of Mount Helena. This makes it difficult to consider the fauna of the Park (“ Capitol Creek ’’) shale in the Lower Cambrian even though the fossils should appear to favor it. The Wolsey shale is 400 feet (123 m.) below the Park shale in the Mount Helena section, the interval being occupied by the Middle Cambrian Meagher limestone which Rothpletz by error identified as the lower portion of the pre- Cambrian Helena limestone. The fauna of the Wolsey shale zone * Rothpletz, p. 41. * Idem, p. 41. * Smithsonian Misc. Coll., Vol. 53, 1910, pp. 426-427. 292 SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS VOL. 64 includes at a locality near Wolsey 11 miles (17.7 km.) south of Neihart in the Little Belt Mountains: Micromitra pealei (Walcott) Obolus (Westonia) ella (Hall and Whitfield) Lingulella desiderata (Walcott ) Scenella sp. undt. Dorypyge ? quadriceps (Hall and Whitfield ) Alokistocare ? labrosum Walcott Asaphiscus calenus Walcott Six miles (9.6 km.) northwest of Neihart I found at the same horizon: Micromitra pealet (Walcott) Obolus tetonensis Walcott Scenella sp. undt. Below Sixteen Post Office, in Sixteen Mile Canyon, Meagher County, Montana (Locality 159f) : Alokistocare pomona Walcott Dolichometopus bessus Walcott Five miles (8 km.) east-northeast of Logan, and 1 mile (1.6 km.) north of junction of East and West Gallatin Rivers, Gallatin County, Montana: Obolus (Westonia) ella (Hall and Whitfield) Acrocephalites ? majus Walcott Asaphiscus camma Walcott The above Wolsey shale fauna is far below the Capitol Creek (Park) shale and above the Flathead quartzite. When making my examinations about Helena in 1808, the results of which were published in 1899,’ I found abundant fossil remains in a hard, dark, finely arenaceous or siliceous shale (= Park shale of Weed) on the southeastern slope of Mount Helena about 200 feet (60 m.) above the road in the canyon of Grizzly Gulch which extends down into the southwestern suburb of the city. I followed these shales to the southeast and found similar fossils 2 miles (3.2 km.) southeast of the city (about one-half mile southeast of the suburb of Lenox) at a locality near one to which my attention had been called by Mr. Griswold. The fossils include at both localities : Obolus (Westonia) ella (Hall and Whitfield) Lingulella helena (Walcott) Hyolithes Ptychoparia * Geol. Soc. of America, Vol. 10, Pre-Cambrian Fossiliferous Formations. NO. 4 CAMBRIAN AND PRE-CAMBRIAN AT HELENA 293 All of the specimens in the shale are more or less flattened by com- pression and usually more or less distorted. Frequently the distor- tion of the brachiopods takes the forms shown by Rothpletz, plate 2, figures 4 to 12; plate 3, figures 3 and 5. When the dorsal valves of Lingulella helena are shortened by pressure they are apt to arch up and curve down rapidly on the posterior side; the usually rounded postero-lateral margins also assume a more angular outline. DETERMINATION OF GENERA AND SPECIES BY ROTHPLETZ, AND NOTES BY WALCOTT 1. Prostospongia cf. fenestrata Salter (pl. 2, figs. 2-7, of Roth- pletz. ) This form of sponge spicule is met with in both the Lower and Middle Cambrian formations. It is particularly abundant in the shales of the Middle Cambrian. Specific and even generic determina- tion is very difficult. 2. Rustella edsoni var. pentagonalis Rothpletz (pl. 1, fig. 10, of Rothpletz). This is evidently a dorsal valve of Obolus (Westonia) ella, which preserves the concentric striation so characteristic of that species when the outer surface has been removed by clinging to the matrix. ’ Rustella edsoni, with which it is identified, has been found only in association with Olenellus on Lake Champlain, Vermont, and near York, Pennsylvania, on the eastern side of the continent. Obolus (Westonia) ella is a common form in the Park shale on Mount Helena, and I am surprised that Rothpletz did not find it there and also more abundantly where he collected the fauna southeast of Helena. For comparison | am illustrating (pl. 44, figs. 6, 7, 8, and 9) dorsal valves of O. (W.) ella from the Park shale on the southeast slope of Mount Helena, also ventral valves which have been shortened and broadened a little by compression. Obolus (Westonia) ella occurs in passage beds between the Lower and Middle Cambrian.’ It is most abundant in the Middle Cambrian, and rarely if not doubtfully present in the Upper Cambrian. 3. Lingulella helena (Walcott) (pl. 2, figs. 1 and 2, of Rothpletz). This is very abundant in the Park shale on the southeast slope of Mount Helena, also in the same band of shales where outcrops occur * The stratigraphic position of the beds containing this fauna in northern Montana is open to discussion. I have long considered them as doubtfully Lower Cambrian or Middle Cambrian. They may be claimed for either until more detailed studies are made at the typical localities where they occur. 294 SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS VOL. 64 southeast of the city of Helena. In the vicinity of the faults that cut the shale the specimens are apt to be more distorted than from the shales on Mount Helena. Rothpletz gives an excellent petro- graphic description of the shale. In speaking of the subsequent alteration of the shales he says, “ Simultaneously with the origin of the compression-bedding there occurred an inner movement in the entire rock mass, which led in places to distortion, elsewhere to com- pression. On this account the nearly circular fossil shells frequently retain a lengthened form, and this is one of the difficult conditions in the determination of the fossils.” * The ventral valves of L. helena illustrated by Rothpletz (pl. 2, figs. I, 2) are normal in form and size, but he does not name and illustrate the dorsal valve except under other names. To me all of his figures 4 to 12, plate 2, and figures 3 and 5, plate 3, are in size and in such characters as are preserved, representatives of the dorsal valves of L. helena (see pl. 44, figs. 1-5 of this paper). 4. Obolella crassa (Hall) (pl. 2, figs. 4,5, 7-12, of Rothpletz). This is one of the greatest surprises of the Rothpletz determina- tions. The shells illustrated are small, the largest according to Roth- pletz 5 to 7 mm. in diameter, and the shell is preserved as phosphate of lime. Obolella crassa is a species with the valves from two to three times the size of the shells figured by Rothpletz * and the valves are thick and built up of layers of carbonate of lime, although originally they may have been calcareo-corneous. All known speci- mens of Obolella crassa have been found in connection with the Lower Cambrian Olenellus fauna at localities on the eastern side of the North American continent. To one acquainted with Obolella crassa as the species occurs in the limestones of the Straits of Belle Isle, Labrador, and the St. Lawrence River province, it seems impossible to consider the distorted Park shale specimens as even superficially related to Obolella crassa or even to the genus Obolella. The Rothpletz figures referred to Obolella appear to illustrate more or less distorted dorsal valves of L. helena. 5. Obolella atlantica Walcott (pl. 2, figs. 3 and 6, of Rothpletz). Figure 3 appears to represent a fragment of ventral valve of Lingulella helena, and figure 6 a distorted dorsal valve. *Rothpletz, p. 27, middle of last paragraph, going over to p. 28. ? Monogr. U. S. Geol. Surv., Vol. 51, 1912, pl. 54. NOs 4 CAMBRIAN AND PRE-CAMBRIAN AT HELENA 295 6. Acrotreta cf. sagittahs (Salter) (pl. 3, fig. 10, of Rothpletz). This is a Middle Cambrian and Upper Cambrian species of Europe and a Middle Cambrian species in the Atlantic Coast provinces of North America. The specimen figured by Rothpletz is a compressed ventral valve and is much more likely to be Acrotreta depressa (Wal- cott) * of the Middle Cambrian of the Rocky Mountains. 7. Kutorgina cf. perrugata Walcott (pl. 3, fig. 1, of Rothpletz). This is a figure of an undeterminable fragment of a large brachiopod. 8 Hyolithes cf. billings: Walcott (pl. 3, figs. 2 and 4, of Roth- pletz). This is a very common form of H/yolithes and is abundant in the Park and Wolsey shales at Helena and elsewhere. The fragments of trilobites figured by Rothpletz on plate 3 have no special significance except that they are of Cambrian age. COMMENT ON PALEONTOLOGICAL EVIDENCE Rothpletz does not seem to have established a strong case for the Lower Cambrian age of the Park shale fauna. There does not appear to be the slightest foundation for assuming that because there are some superficial resemblances in form between the distorted shells in the shale and the various species with which he has identified them, the fauna is, therefore, of Lower Cambrian age. The fossils are unlike the Lower Cambrian species with which they have been iden- tified, and such a known association of species does not occur at any one locality and zone anywhere in the world. The impression made upon me 1s that Rothpletz once having been misled by his interpretation of the stratigraphy was unconsciously influenced to determine his fossils as of Lower Cambrian age. The purpose for which he went to Helena, that is, to discover pre-Cambrian fossils in the Belt formations,’ would have been served by Middle Cambrian fossils quite as well, provided they came from what had previously been identified as a pre-Cambrian formation. The dis- covery of fossils in a Middle Cambrian shale at Helena in which they had previously been found is evidently not what Rothpletz thought he was doing either in the field or in the laboratory. *Monogr. U. S. Geol. Surv., Vol. 51, 1912, pl. 66, figs. 8, 8a-c. * Rothpletz, p. 8. 290 SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS VOL. 64 CONCLUSIONS The conclusions of Rothpletz’s reconnaissance in the vicinity of Helena, Montana, are essentially as stated below, followed by my own conclusions on the results announced by him, the numbering being the same for each set of conclusions. 1. (Rothpletz) That the upper limestone No. 6 of his section (p. 281) of Mount Helena is a part of the pre-Cambrian “ Helena ” limestone of Walcott. 1. (Walcott) The Rothpletz limestone No. 6 is the Middle Cam- brian, Pilgrim limestone of Weed (p. 281). 2. (Rothpletz) That No. 5 of his section, the Capitol Creek shale (p. 281), is a bed of shale interbedded in the “ Helena ”’ limestone of Walcott. 2. (Walcott) The Rothpletz shale No. 5 1s the Middle Cambrian, Park shale of Weed (p. 281) that carries a typical Middle Cam- brian fauna at Helena and vicinity. 3. (Rothpletz) That No. 4 of his section (p. 281), the limestone beneath the Capitol Creek shale, is the lower portion of the Helena limestone of Walcott. 3. (Walcott) The Rothpletz limestone No. 4 is the Middle Cam- brian, Meagher limestone of Weed (p. 281) which has been recog- nized around the Big Belt and Little Belt Mountains. 4. (Rothpletz) That No.:3 of his section (p. 281), the shales beneath the lower limestone, is the pre-Cambrian Empire shale of Walcott. 4. (Walcott) The Rothpletz shale No. 3 is the Middle Cambrian, Wolsey shale of Weed (p. 281) which carries a typical Middle Cam- brian fauna. 5. (Rothplets) That No. 2 of his section (p. 281), the brownish weathering quartzite beneath the Empire shale of Conclusion 4, may be the upper part of No. 1 (=pre-Cambrian Spokane shale of Wal- cott). He qualifies this by saying, ‘““ A comparison for No. 2 with the Lower Cambrian Flathead quartzite would be nearer.” 5. (Walcott) The Rothpletz quartzite No. 2 is the Middle Cam- brian basal.Flathead quartzite of Weed (p. 281) that is super- jacent to the Belt formations about Helena, the Spokane Hills, and around the Big Belt, Little Belt and in the Big Snowy Mountains. NO. 4 CAMBRIAN AND PRE-CAMBRIAN AT HELENA 297 6. (Rothpletz) That No. 1 of his section (p. 281), the green and gray argillaceous shale, occupies the position of the Spokane shale of Walcott. 6. (Walcott) The Rothpletz shales No. 1 are the shales above the pre-Cambrian, Helena limestone and beneath the Cambrian Flathead quartzite, and occupy the position of the Marsh shale as it occurs elsewhere. 7. (Rothpletz) That the fauna of the Capitol Creek shale No. 5 of his section is of Lower Cambrian age (p. 291). 7. (Walcott) The Rothpletz “ Lower” Cambrian fauna of his shale No. 5 (= Middle Cambrian Park shale of Weed) is the usual Middle Cambrian fauna characteristic of the Park shale on Mount Helena and southeast of the city of Helena (pp. 268, 292). 8. (Rothpletz) That having found a “ Lower’ Cambrian fauna in the shale of No. 5 and concluded that this shale was interbedded between 4 and 6 in the pre-Cambrian, Helena limestone of Walcott, - it followed that the Helena limestone was of Cambrian age and along with it the conformably subjacent Empire and Spokane shales and presumably all of the Belt formations of Walcott. 8. (Walcott) The Rothpletz identification of the Middle Cambrian Pilgrim and Meagher limestones on Mount Helena and southeast of the city of Helena as the pre-Cambrian Helena limestone of Wal- cott is incorrect, and further it was the main source of the Rothpletz series of errors in connection with the stratigraphic position and age of the Cambrian and pre-Cambrian formations about the city of Helena. 9. (Rothpletz) That not having observed an unconformity at Helena beneath the Cambrian as stated by Walcott, such an uncon- formity probably did not exist. 9. (Walcott) The Rothpletz failure to find any evidence of an unconformity at the base of the Cambrian is most natural as he un- knowingly identified the Cambrian limestones as the pre-Cambrian Helena limestone and hence did not recognize and probably did not see at all the Helena limestone which is beneath the unconformity. 10. (Rothpletz) That in the absence of an unconformity at the base of the Cambrian (at Helena) and the absence of a distinctive pre- Cambrian fauna all of the so-called North American pre-Cambrian sedimentary formations of the Belt series were probably of Cam- brian age. 298 SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS VOL. 64 10. (Walcott) The evidence both direct and by deduction sustains the view of a long pre-Cambrian interval of erosion resulting in a marked unconformity. The Algonkian in America consists of a ereat series of epicontinental formations between the Archean and Cambrian. The Rothpletz view of considering all of the pre-Cam- brian sedimentary formations of North America corresponding to the Belt series as of probable Cambrian age is without evidence to support it. Some general conclusions —(Walcott) It is unfortunate that my respected colleague in preparing his memoir should have failed to fully examine literature on the subject available in the libraries of Munich or to secure fuller information and maps from official sources in this country. A request on his part for information as to what had been published on the Helena district, sent either to the Director of the U.S. Geological Survey or to me in the winter of 1913-1914, or while he was at my camp on Burgess Pass, British Columbia, would have informed him of the geologic map of the Helena District and descrip- tions contained in Bulletin 527 of the Survey. In final conclusion let me add that there is a great amount of work yet to be done on the pre-Cambrian sedimentary rocks of the North American continent. Those of the Lake Superior region are largely well mapped and described, as are portions of those of the Appa- Jachian region, central Texas, southwestern Colorado, and northern Arizona, but large areas in Montana and northward in Alberta and British Columbia remain to be studied, mapped, and described. New discoveries will be made and older views changed, but in the light of our present information I think we are forced to accept the evidence that the Algonkian formations of North America are of pre-Cambian age; of continental origin, and formed of terrigenous deposits that accumulated on river flood-plains and other favorable areas, or de- posited in epicontinental, brackish-water seas or fresh-water lakes that filled depressions within the area of the Cordilleran and Appa- lachian geosynclines * and the Lake Superior region. * Problems of Geology, Yale Univ. Press, 1914, Chap. 4: The Cambrian and its Problems, p. 165. ") ; 2.) - Impression of the interior of a ventral valve from locality 302s, Middle Cambrian Park shale in Grizzly Gulch, southwest of Helena, Montana. U. S. National Museum, Catalogue No. 51686a. Specimen figured by Walcott, fig. 1g, Plate 47, Monogr. 51, U. S. Geol. Survey, 1912. 7. (x2) Slightly compressed and distorted ventral valve. U.S. National Museum, Catalogue No. 62548. 8. (> 2.) Impression of the interior of a slightly distorted dorsal valve from the same locality as specimen repre- sented by fig. 6, showing the characteristic muscular im- pressions. U.S. National Museum, Catalogue No. 51686b. Specimen figured by Walcott, fig. 1k, Plate 47, Monogr. 51, U. S. Geol. Survey, 1912. SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS VOL. 64. NO. 4, PL. 44 See a BRACHIOPODA FROM PARK SHALE OF MIDDLE CAMBRIAN NO. 4 CAMBRIAN AND PRE-CAMBRIAN AT HELENA 301 Obolus (Westonia) ella (Hall and Whitfield) —Continued. PAGE Fic. 9. (2.) A distorted dorsal valve associated with the specimen represented by fig. 7, U. S. National Museum, Catalogue No. 62540. Figs. 7, 8 and 9 are from the Middle Cambrian: (302s) Park shale, on northwest side of Grizzly Gulch, about 1.5 miles southwest of the city of Helena. 10. (X10.) Enlargement by photography of the surface of a specimen preserved in a shale where the exterior surface does not adhere to the matrix. Where the surface clings to the matrix, the specimens have the appearance of those illustrated by figs. 7 and 9. Fig. 10 is of a specimen from locality 4g, Middle Cambrian: about 325 feet (99.1 m.) above the base of the Cambrian, in the Flathead shales of Peale, 1 mile (1.6 km.) north of the junction of East and West Gallatin Rivers, Gallatin County, Montana. U. S. National Museum, Catalogue No. 51685c. Specimen figured by Walcott, fig. 10, Plate 47, Monogr. 51, U. S. Geol. Surv., 1912. SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS VOLUME 64, NUMBER 5 CAMBRKIAN GEOLOGY AND PALEONTOLOGY IT] No. 5. CAMBRIAN TRILOBITES | (WitH PLATES 45 TO 67) By CHARLES D. WALCOTT (PUBLICATION 2420) CITY OF WASHINGTON PUBLISHED BY THE SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION SEPTEMBER 29, 1916 The Lord Galtimore Press BALTIMORE, MD., U. S. A. CAMBRIAN GEOLOGY AND PALEONTOLOGY Ill No. 5—CAMBRIAN TRILOBITES By CHARLES D. WALCOTT (Wit PLATES 45 TO 67) CONTENTS PAGE Mig ROU INCUION OM yt cust hie teil se ee Ane wero tea ont SOMO AS rise «ob dines aman Se 307 Wescriptiens of genera and: species... <4. oooc 22s ede ba ckevcecucann 308 Panily “Cotynexochide “Atigelin: <2. 2.2 260l50 Fisii e. eck ccs ce nes 308 COTYNETOCHUS ANSE 2% cee t me tebe eee ose Se sesameied nates 309 Corynexochus bornholmiensis Gronwall (pl. 55, figs. 2, ATS Ih) nerds Bart ERC REA OSA er 313 Corynexochus brennus, new species (pl. 57, figs. 3, 3a-b) 314 Corynexochus bubaris, new species (pl. 56, figs. 2, 2a-b, IMO [aE RENE MPAA aa ca eats oreo e dete, Sa Eales Guehelbie wins 314 Corynexochus capito, new species (pl. 57, figs. 2, 2a-e) 315 Corynexochus clavatus (Walcott) (pl. 55, figs. 4, 4a-b) 316 Corynexochus delaget Miquel (pl. 55, figs. 3, 3a)...... 317 Corynexochus minor (Walcott) (pl. 55, figs. 6, 6a-d).. 319 Corynexochus senectus (Billings) (pl. 55, figs. 7, 7a-c; DISS OMIeS MNO ad. Sete oe catatonia ee arene eee 319 Corynexochus spinulosus Angelin (pl. 55, figs. 1, 1a-b) 323 Corynexochus stephenensis (Walcott) (pl. 55, figs. 5, \ SUE) | Meh Sa ore is hc ea ae ee ot se 324 IE OUNLGRNEWASUDSENUISHOR ee eek ee en ee 325 Corynexochus (Bonnia) busa, new species (pl. 57, fig. Pas pl OO MISSh B./Sa=Clts eas Nek A MEIES oh ae ee 326 Corynexochus (Bonnia) fieldensis (Walcott) (pl. 57, UTS er ly. Po 8) eae A ee a gh eat aR ale eR LN 327 Corynexochus (Bonnia) parvulus (Billings) (pl. 57, NESe ol NOSES pla OAs OA Otte biccseen aievais ana arteries 328 Bamily. Dolichrometopime’ oli. sees sts asta ones 4 Cisne eeu cieet, sok 330 ESE WUTASGIUS NUCL s cris aks % iois efcrereion eos stan ese ys Ae 330 Comparison of Bathyuriscus with other genera............. 333 Bathyuriscus adeus, new species (pl. 47, figs. 3, 3a-c).. 334 Bathyuriscus anax, new species (pl. 48, figs. 1, la-d)... 335 Bathyuriscus atossa, new species (pl. 48, figs. 2, 2a-b).. 336 Bathyuriscus bantius, new species (pl. 40, figs. 2, 2a-c) 336 Bathyuriscus batis, new species (pl. 48, figs. 4, 4a).... 337 Bathyuriscus belesis, new species (pl. 50, figs. 1, ta-1).. 338 SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS, VOL. 64, No. 5 303 SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS VOL. 64 Descriptions of genera and species—Continued. PAGE Bathyuriscus belus, new species (pl. 50, figs. 2, 2a-d).. 3390 Bathyuriscus ? bithus; new species (pl. 47, figs. 4, 4a).. 340 Bathyuriscus haydeni (Meek) (pl. 46, figs. 2, 2a-b).... 341 Bathyuriscus howelli Walcott (pl. 47, figs. 1, 1a7b)..... 343 Bathyuriscus manchuriensis Walcott (pl. 40, figs. 4, 7. oe ee ere ts eRe ry tice eo 2 344 Bathyuriscus ornatus Walcott (pl. 46, figs. 4, 4a-b).... 346 Bathyurtscus rotundatus (Rominger) (pl. 47, figs. 2, BOD ae anced Rien ERE EEC Eee 346 Bathyuriscus stoliezkay "Reed@ena. eri aoe ee 347 Bathyuriscus, species undetermined (1) (pl. 49, figs. 3, e102) eR ee Pra inte ara och pee Oe OS as 3 \d'c 348 Bathyuriscus ’, species undetermined (2) (pl. 65, fig. 5) 348 Pohella new subeents acco ack ale aioe meee 349 Bathyuriscus (Poliella) anteros, new species (pl. 46, ATG) eich iole tae eye oyereiciciale Bioerelo we Gla shee en creeneene 349 Bathyuriscus (Poliella) balus, new species (pl. 49, figs. IO (01-2) Ren eS Gera et raeweaes SOLOS DEERE OIG 0c Od 350 Bathyuriscus (Poliella) caranus, new species (pl. 46 PIS agi) so 2 ce acy ancl ars Sood wars cracaeneysusheigs Je once ghs wall eee 350 Bathyuriscus (Poliella) occidentalis (Matthew) (pl. AO MIS iB), ane aerogenes aks Be RAG egale escuela eee 351 Bathyuriscus (Poliella) powersi, new species (pl. 46, GLE «Tie, van ya lore c casanen buen gets eyohos eae wreaiere Poutanen 351 Bathyuriscus (Poliella) primus (Walcott) (p. 46, figs. (GMAT 0d) ieee ee Dae eT ee Mee nn Geo aitooc aaa ac 352 Bathyuriscus (Poliella) probus, new species (pl. 65, SUL E19 PPR CERO EIST CO Gre eMC ESS bc omGniC bec aaid ac 354 Bathyuriscus (Poliella) sylla, new species (pl. 48, figs CRC (cis |) AOE EIS R TE ANC NC OOD UK Spice 6 ot 354 Bathyuriscus (Poliella), species undetermined (1) (pl. BOSS 7) cae ae eyes, oe ce et REIT ee a 355 Dolichometo pus: Aneelim 2 92.2 acids: toe euse- oe ee a eee 355 Dolichometopus acadicus Matthew (pl. 53, figs. I, Ia-c) 360 Dolichometopus (?) alceste Walcott (pl. 54, figs. 3, 3a-b) 361 Dolichometopus baton, new species (pl. 51, figs. 2, 2a-b) 362 Dolichometopus ? bessus, new species (pl. 51, figs. 3, BO=ENC. Silsiioe craeed etal Wai tacereaioe dy he eye Foe Sa ore ene 362 Dolichometopus bion, new species (pl. 52, figs. 2, 2a-c) 363 Dolichometopus boccar, new species (pl. 52, figs. 1, 1a-f) 363 Dolichometopus (?) deois Walcott (pl. 54, figs. 1, Ia-m, 1) EE hc PERE Mae Em Su GS Soo mais oa. aes 365 Dolichometopus (?) derceto Walcott (pl. 54, figs. 4, 4a) 367 Dolichometopus (2) dirce Walcott (pl. 54, figs. 5, 5a-b) 368 Dolichometopus ? expansus (Walcott) (pl. 53, figs. 5, BO ie hares Manaleesue th aisle a ois hear Geet meee ee eee oe 368 Dolichometopus productus (Hall and See (pl 53, figs. 2, 2a-e, 3, 34-b, 4, 4a)...+... . 369 Dolichometopus suecicus Angelin (ak 50, eee $y ve Ay. AO) dra Dea See EAS 5 Rie eee rey oe Oe eT 372 EE ee NO. 5 CAMBRIAN TRILOBITES 305 Descriptions of genera and species—Continued. PAGE Dolichometopus tontoensis, new species (pl. 51, figs. 1, CLRID) ea Settee cee esi ehnl re oe cr Ree OE EN 373 FELOMSUA MEN CWAES UD SEIS Ware. oraicrs sc « ors Seed tire cities oes cl ere Oe 374 Dolichometopus (Housia) varro, new species (pl. 65, LYSIS SAT S110 EY) a tn So a eg eo 374 TReiroull hy ANSE) MKC SS Sc ulcers cece ree ena eS RRO I Ra ree ae 375 Sabtamily Osyeiocarines Raymond . 32.5.6 .0s6 occ cele cose scae pees 375 DEVO INS \WWYAROEE Gh ona o Aabeb DOO AOD ROO Op aoGbeG 375 Ogvgopsis klotzi (Rominger) (pl. 66, figs. 1, Ia-b).... 377 On gtas me wa GEMS E Grete aye tots tnic else dio isd ash ol ke ese cle Sad nln roles 379 Orria elegans, new species (pl. 66, figs. 2, 2a-b)....... 381 ENGL DEE SG Ce NCE etme eer mel Saye nce wiklecads sponses areieits saeretaee 381 Asaphiscus calanus, new species (pl. 61, figs. 8, 8a)... 384 Asaphiscus calenus, new species (pl. 60, figs. 1, Ia-c).. 384 Asaphiscus camma, new species (pl. 60, figs. 2, 2a-c).. 384 Asaphiscus (?) capella, new species (pl. 59, figs. 2, AAS) 58 SS PONS O GAOT OOo DETECT RECESS Sra 385 Asaphiscus ? granulatus, new species (pl. 61, figs. 2, BIOL. MB caso oO} SOOO oe cd God Bate Oe ee Reine oe 385 Asaphiscus iddingsi Walcott (pl. 59, figs. I, 1a-b)..... 386 Asaphiscus ? minor, new species (pl. 61, figs. 3,.3a-b). 388 Asaphiscus ? unispinus, new species (pl. 61, fig. 1).... 3890 Asaphiscus wheeleri Meek (pl. 58, figs. I, Ia-g)....... 390 Asaphiscus, species undetermined (1)...............- 390 Asaphiscus ?, species undetermined (2) (pl. 63, figs. 15 YORE. Burret cro bso CICS lid Os ORR OEE EN RCE eR CREO 301 Asaphiscus, species undetermined (3)................: 301 Doubtsulspectes ot Asapniscwsaens cose sel 2. ce votes eek 301 Asaphiscus ? agatho, new species (pl. 63, figs. 9, 9a).. 391 Asaphiscus ? anaxis, new species (pl. 63, figs. 2, 2a).. 392 Asaphiscus ? duris, new species (pl. 63, figs. 8, 8a).... 392 Asaphiscus ? florus, new species (pl. 63, figs. 6, 6a-b) 392 Asaphiscus ? cf. florus, new species (pl. 63, fig. 7).... 393 EO UTG MOE We sS UD SCINISi ested acre ohn oe oe cco a ies Sia RS 303 Asaphiscus (Blainia) elongatus, new species (pl. 63, figs. ARMA G NEGRI CE) Serersictars seins, ¥ Fay serie eas Saytiee Cee ERRNO 303 Asaphiscus (Blainia) glabra, new species (pl. 63, figs. 1, OED) ok 5 eae iC eae a a NN ty ks 304 Asaphiscus (Blainia) gregarius, new species (pl*62, figs. Til 08) tan ate ae AAR ce re Rear ce ATA T OR 304 Asaphiscus (Blainia) paula, new species (pl. 62, figs. 2, ZOEDINE eee Re Dake Sine Be a PE eee Sacaor 3905 BUOUNTGNNE WS EMUS eke ake 6 leloe oat te UC aoe 306 Blountia ? alemon, new species (pl. 61, figs. 6, 6a)...... 307 Blountia alethes, new species (pl. 64, figs. I, Ia-c)..... 307 Blountia alexas, new species (pl. 61, figs. 5, 5a)....... 308 Blountia amage, new species (pl. 64, figs. 3, 3a)....... 308 Blountia andreas, new species (pl. 64, fig. 2).......... 308 Blountia anser, new species (pl. 61, figs. 7, 7a-b)...... 399. Blountia mimula, new species (pl. 61, figs. 4, 4a-c).... 309 306 SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS VOL. 64 Descriptions of genera and species—Continued. PAGE Marylee new, :Senus ste. 2 6a tech. ne «eee elo 400 Maryvillia arion, new species (pl. 64, figs. 4, 4a-c).... 400 Maryvillia ariston, new species (pl. 64, figs. 5, 5a).... 401 Fanatly Olemidee) 3 m4 i065,4 ates vis asides seine ot ee eal gucci ah Monsen 401 Marj Unid ~NEW GENUS. wince se Rectewie were as teehee see Eee 401 Marjumia callas, new species (pl. 65, figs. 3, 3a-D).... 402 Marjumia typa Walcott (pl. 65, figs. 4, 4a-b).......... 402 Lisania- Walcott + 2250.60tuend a aaeakon SAUle ae chu cleiaeerieee 403 Lisania ? breviloba, new species (pl. 66, figs. 3, 3a-c)... 404 Family MizenidetGordal fst s.tceen enor et con os oe een eae eee 404 Llenurus: Hal | cesrscan she ttonic 2ickien Oba se oe ee oso eee 404 Illenurus quadratus Hall (pl. 45, figs. 1, Ia-e)........ 406 Family sMesonacrdc SWalcottscs sec cracttes cose oer eer eeeeter 406 Mesonacts NWWalcott Tdem, p. 33 (part of last list of fossils). *Tdem, pp. 37 and 4o (first list of fossils). NO. 5 CAMBRIAN TRILOBITES 367 kia-p’u, and 4 miles (6.4 km.) north of Sin-t’ai-hién, Sin-t’ai district, Shan-tung, China. Also from localities: (350) Fu-chou series, shales about 130 feet (40 m.) above the white quartzite * collected in drainage cuts a short distance back from the bluff forming the shore of Tschang-hsing-tau Island; (35p) shales about 80 feet (24 m.) above the white quartz- ite, and (35r) limestones near the base of the series just above the white quartzite, the latter two collected in a low bluff on the shore of Tschang-hsing-tau Island, east of Niang-niang-kung, Liau-tung, Manchuria, China. DOLICHOMETOPUS (?) DERCETO Walcott Plate 54, figs. 4, 4a Dolichometopus derceto Watcort, 1905, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., Vol. 29, p. 95. (Described as a new species as below.) Dolichometopus derceto Watcott, 1913, Research in China, Vol. 3, p. 217, pl. 22, figs. 4, 4a. (Described and illustrated.) This species is known only by the central portions of the cephalon, exclusive of the free cheeks. Glabella moderately convex and expanding slightly in width from the base to the rounded front; the surface is marked by two pairs of rather strong, short furrows opposite the palpebral lobe; occipital furrow strong and rather deep ; occipital ring narrow at the sides, rising and widening to form the base for a small, sharp occipital spine; dorsal furrow strong on the sides of the glabella. - Fixed cheeks narrow, convex; palpebral lobe narrow, elongate, almost touching the dorsal furrow in front; postero-lateral limb of medium length, marked by a strong furrow parallel to the posterior margin; frontal limb narrow, slightly concave, and almost concealed by the overhanging, almost tumid frontal portion of the glabella. Surface smooth under a strong lens. The largest of the three cephala representing this species has a length of 7 mm., exclusive of the occipital spine. Formation and locality—Middle Cambrian: (C1 and C2) Lower shale of the Kiu-lung group,” 2 miles (3.2 km.) south of Yen-chuang, Sin-t’ai district, Shan-tung, China. * Blackwelder, Research in China, Pub. No. 54, Carnegie Inst. of Washington, Vol. 1, Pt. 1, 1907, p. 92, for general section giving stratigraphic relations. * Idem, pp. 37 2nd 40 (part of the third list of fossils), and fig. 10 (beds 4 and 5), p. 38. 368 SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS VOL. 64 DOLICHOMETOPUS (?) DIRCE Walcott Plate 54, figs. 5, 5a-b Dolichometopus dirce Waucort, 1905, Proc. U. S. Nat. Museum, Vol. 20, p. 96. (Characterized as a new species as below.) Dolichometopus dirce Watcott, 1913, Research in China, Vol. 3, p. 218, pl. 22, figs. 5, sa-b. (Described and illustrated.) Only the central portions of the cephalon of this species are known. It differs from D. (?) deois (pl. 54, fig. 1) in the nearly parallel sides of the glabella, the absence of glabellar furrows, and the very short, almost flat, frontal limb. The occipital lobe is nearly one-half the length of the cephalon. Surface under strong magnifier smooth. The type specimen of the cephalon has a length of 11 mm. Formation and locality—Middle Cambrian: (C24) Near top of black oolite group in the uppermost layers of the Ch’ang-hia forma- tion, 2 miles (3.2 km.) east of Ch’ang-hia, Shan-tung, China. DOLICHOMETOPUS ? EXPANSUS (Walcott) Plate 53, figs. 5, 5a Dicellocephalus ? expansus Watcort, 1884, Monogr. U. S. Geol. Survey, Vol. 8, p. 45, pl. 9, fig. 19. (Description and illustration of cranidium.) Dicellocephalus ? quadriceps Hall and Whitfield, Watcort, 1884, Monogr. U. S. Geol. Surv., Vol. 8, p. 45, pl. 9, fig. 24. (Describes occurrence of species and illustrates a cranidium distorted by longitudinal com- pression. ) Dicellocephalus (?) expansus MattrHeEw, 1893, Trans. Royal Soc. Canada, Vol. 10, Sec. 4, p. 11, footnote. (Considers generic reference as doubt- ful.) Dolichometopus expansus (Watcott), 1914, Smithsonian Misc. Coll., Vol. 57, p. 350. (Change of generic reference of species.) Original description. —Glabella elongate subquadrangular or sub- clavate, the base about one-fifth narrower than the front; surface convex and without perceptible furrows ; occipital furrow distinctly defined ; occipital ring strong with a small spine on the center of the posterior portion; dorsal furrows well defined along the sides of the elabella; fixed cheeks of medium width, palpebral lobes unknown; an ocular (?) ridge crosses the anterior portion of the right fixed cheek so as to indicate a moderate sized eye lobe between it and the postero-lateral limb; frontal limb as a narrow rim; postero-lateral * Blackwelder, Research in China, Pub. No. 54, Carnegie Inst. of Washing- ton, Vol. 1, Pt. 1, 1907, p. 33 (part of last list of fossils). * Walcott, Monographs U. S. Geological Survey, Vol. 8, 1884, pp. 45-46. nag NO. 5 CAMBRIAN TRILOBITES 369 limbs rather narrow, extended and marked by a strong furrow within the posterior margin. Surface finely punctate. Observations—The generic reference is not entirely satisfactory, but with only the cranidium for comparison, I think we may place it with Dolichometopus until further data are obtained. The presence of a small occipital spine seems to be indicated by a circular break in the test, but this may be deceptive. A similar break occurs on a specimen of D. boccar, but we know from an unbroken specimen that only a minute node has been broken away. The specimen of D. ? expansus occurs in a compact limestone. It was associated with: Billingsella whitheldi (Walcott) Orusia ? eurekensis (Walcott) Orusia lenticularis (Wahlenberg) Stenotheca elongata Walcott Agnostus bidens Meek Zacanthoides spinosus Walcott Formation and locality—Middle Cambrian: (55b) Eldorado limestone ;* near summit of west side of Secret Canyon, Eureka Dis- trict [Hague, 1892, Atlas], Eureka County, Nevada. DOLICHOMETOPUS PRODUCTUS (Hall and Whitfield) Plate 53, figs. 2, 2a-e, 3, 3a-b, 4, 4a Ogygia producta Hatt and WuitFiELp, 1877, U. S. Geol. Expl. 40th Parallel, Vol. 4, p. 244, pl. 2, figs. 31-34. (Original description and illustration of species. ) Ogygia parabola Hatt and WuHitFiELp, 1877, Idem, p. 245, pl. 2, fig. 35. (Describes and illustrates a pygidium which was referred to Bathyu- riscus productus (Hall and Whitfield) by Walcott in 1886.) Niobe producta Broccer, 1886, Om alderen af Olenellus zone i Nordamerika, p. 211. (Refers species to genus Niobe.) Bathyuriscus productus Wat.cort, 1886, Bull. U. S. Geol. Surv., No. 30, p. 217, pl. 30, figs. 1, Ia-i (in part). (Describes and illustrates species. The specimens illustrated by figs. 1, 1a-b, Ig, and If are now referred to Dolichometopus anax.) Bathyuriscus productus M1tier, 1889, North American Geol. and Pal., p. 533, text fig. 972. (Brief description and 1 figure copied from Walcott.) Bathyuriscus productus Pack, 1906, Jour. Geol., Vol. 14, p. 297, pl. 2, figs. 3, 3a-b. (Mentions occurrence of species in “ Pioche” Mountain and illus- trates a cranidium and two pygidia.) * Walcott, Smithsonian Misc. Coll., Vol. 53, 1908, p. 184. 370 SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS VOL. 64 Bathyuriscus productus GRABAU and SHIMER, 1910, North American Index Fossils, Vol. 2, p. 287, fig. 1591. (Brief description and figure of cran- idium and pygidium after Walcott.) ‘ The head and pygidium of this species are much like those of the type species of Dolichometopus, D. suecicus. The thorax has seven segments, the pleure of which have a rather strong furrow that extends from the anterior inner side diagonally across the segment ending about midway where it begins to curve backward to its rather sharp falcate termination. Specimens of the dorsal shield from the type locality vary from 50 to 60 mm. in length, and cranidia from the Pioche Mountains, Nevada, indicate a length of 75 mm. The species has a wide geographic distribution and occurs in a variety of rocks. The type specimens are from a very finely arena- ceous, Middle Cambrian shale found in East Canyon, Oquirrh Range, Utah. They are compressed and flattened in the shale, but a fairly good conception of the species may be obtained from them. The specimens from the Chisholm shale near Pioche, Nevada, are some- what better preserved, but they do not retain the original test, and the surface markings are lost with the exception of the fine strize on the surface of the doublure of the pygidium. Another interesting locality is at the north end of the McDowell Mountains at River Bed Station, where a form closely allied to this occurs in a limestone. It was identified as Bathyurellus wheeleri, but the head is that of Dolichometopus and it has the thorax and pygidium of the character of that of D. productus as it appears when not flattened in shale. The species is represented in the Bright Angel arenaceous shales of the Grand Canyon, Arizona, by a number of entire dorsal shields (pl. 53, figs. 4, 4a). These appear to have the elongate palpebral lobe and relatively narrow glabella of specimens from the type local- ity, and the thorax and pygidium are essentially the same. The specimens from the southern Appalachians are preserved in argillaceous and siliceous shales and limestone. As far as the ma- terial available affords the means for comparison, they appear to belong with D. productus or a closely related species. A broken specimen from a siliceous shale (locality 10) has seven thoracic seg- ments, and entire associated cranidia and pygidia appear to be similar to the specimens in the shales of the type locality of the species. The specimens in the limestone (locality 14) are strongly convex. *Geog. and Geol., Expl. West tooth Meridian, Vol. 3, 1875, Deelole NO. 5 CAMBRIAN TRILOBITES aya Dolichometopus productus differs from D. boccar (pl. 52) in the more anterior position of the palpebral lobes in relation to the length of the glabella, but in the thorax and pygidium they are very closely related. For a long time I considered D. productus as a typical form of Bathyuriscus, but with the present study of all the material the species is referred to Dolichometopus. (See notes under the latter genus. ) Formation and locality—Middle Cambrian: (329e, locality of type specimens) Shales in East Canyon above Ophir City, and (3c) about 75 feet (22.9 m.) above the quartzitic sandstones of the Cam- brian at Ophir City, west side of Oquirrh Range; also (152c) lime- stone at north end of McDowell Mountains, River Bed Station, Old State Road; (11s) shales just above Simpson Spring, about 20 miles (32.2 km.) west-southwest of Vernon, on the stage road from Vernon to Fish Spring; and (3f) siliceous shales above concretionary lime- stone, Onaqui Mountains, 10 miles (16.1 km.) southwest of Grants- ville ; all five in Tooele County, Utah; also (3v) Chisholm formation, pinkish argillaceous shale, 5.5 miles (8.8 km.) west of Antelope Springs, in Dome Canyon, on road west over the House Range, Millard County; and (30f) Howell formation about 330 feet (101 m.) above the Lower Cambrian, in bluish-black, massive limestone forming 1f of the Howell formation; on east side of Dome Canyon, about 1.5 miles (2.4 km.) from its mouth, and five-sixths of a mile (1.33 km.) west of Antelope Springs; also (31s) Howell formation, about 490 feet (149.4 m.) above the Lower Cambrian in limestone interbedded in pinkish argillaceous shale forming 1d of the Howell formation; south side of Dome Canyon, about 1 mile (1.6 km.) be- low the divide and 3 miles (4.8 km.) west-southwest of Antelope Springs (localities 3v, 30f, 31s are all in Millard County, Utah) ; and (31) Chisholm shale at the Chisholm Mine, southwest slope of Ely Mountains, 3 miles (4.8 km.) northwest of Pioche, Lincoln County, Nevada; also (74e) Bright Angel shale 100 feet (32 m.) above Tapeats sandstone; on west side of Cameron trail, about 0.5 mile (0.8 km.) north of Indian Garden Spring; south side Grand Canyon of the Colorado River, Coconino County, Arizona. Also (9) Rome formation, shaly sandstone on southeastern slope of ridge 1 mile (1.6 km.) north of the northwest corner of Harlan Knob, about 4 miles (6.4 km.) northeast of Rogersville [see Keith, 1905, areal geology sheet], Hawkins County; and (10) drab shales, western end of Shooks Gap, in Bays Mountains, 10 miles (16.1 km.) 372 SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS VOL. 64 southeast of Knoxville, Knox County; both in Tennessee; (14) Conasauga formation, limestones overlying the sandstones of the Rome formation, near the wagon road and in a quarry near the rail- road track, 7 miles (11.2 km.) southwest of Rome [see Hayes, 1902, historical geology sheet], and (142a) railroad cut on west side of Big Cedar Bridge, 3 miles (4.8 km.) northeast of Cave Spring, both in Floyd County, Georgia. DOLICHOMETOPUS SUECICUS Angelin Plate 50, figs. 3, 3a-b, 4, 4a Dolichometopus svecicus ANGELIN, 1852 [Reprint 1854, 1878], Pal. Scan- dinavica, 1st ed., Lipsia, p. 73, pl. 37, fig. 9. (Original description and illustration.) Dolichometopus suecicus LINNARSSON, 1873, Geol. Foren. Stockholm For- handl., Vol. 1, No. 13, p. 246. (Refers to occurrence of species.) Dolichometopus suecicus BROcGER, 1878, Nyt Mag. for Naturvid., Vol. 24, p. 46, pl. 3, fig. 12. (Notes occurrence of species at Krekling and illus- trates a cranidium and pygidium.) Dolichometopus suecicus MatrHEw, 1897, Trans. Royal Soc. Canada, 2d ser., Vol. 3, Sec. 4, pp. 184, 185, pl. 3, figs. 7a, 7b. (Reproduces top view and side outline of a drawing of the type cranidium of the species.) Dolichometopus suecicus LorENz, 1906, Zeits. deuts. geol. Gesells., Vol. 58, Pt. 1, p. 74, text fig. (Compares Dolichometopus and Bathyuriscus and illustrates D. svecicus Angelin.) Of this species only the cranidium and associated pygidium are known to me. Now that we have several species of Dolichometopus represented by the entire dorsal shield, there is little, if any, doubt that the pygidium is correctly referred to the species. Dr. Matthew has illustrated the type specimen,’ (pl. 50, fig. 4) and in this paper I am illustrating the cranidium and pygidium as found in the Andrarum limestone at Andrarum. The largest cranidium has a length of 21 mm. Surface of test punctate and when not worn smooth marked by fine, sharp, irregular, inosculating ridges, those on the glabella more or less concentric in relation to the central portion and on the occipital ring subparallel to the posterior margin. By reflected light traces of three pairs of glabellar furrows may be seen, and the matrix of the test of the glabella shows slight im- pressions of glabellar furrows. 1Trans. Royal Soc. Canada, 2d ser., Vol. 3, 1807, Sec. 4, pl. 3, figs. 7a, 7b. NO. 5 CAMBRIAN TRILOBITES 373 Formation and locality—Middle Cambrian: (8w) Andrarum limestone ; Paradoxides forchhammeri zone, at Andrarum, 20 miles (32.2 km.) northwest of Simrishamn, Province of Christianstad, Sweden. DOLICHOMETOPUS TONTOENSIS, new species Plate 51, figs. I, Ia-h This fine species I found in the upper beds of the Tonto sandstone in 1882 in the form of casts in a hard sandstone. Entire specimens were first collected and presented to the United States National Museum in 191i by Mr. Niles J. Cameron, of Grand Canyon, Arizona. The latter are compressed in a greenish, very fine arenaceous shale, but do not retain the outer test. The species differs from D. productus (pl. 53) in having a smaller palpebral lobe, a median spine on each thoracic segment and the anchylosed segments of the axial lobe of the pygidium, also in the enlargement of the fifth thoracic segment. This character is present in the 13 specimens preserving the thorax, and is not present in the II associated specimens of D. productus. This species also attains a larger size than any other of the genus. One entire dorsal shield has a length of 97 mm., and an associated pygidium indicates that speci- mens existed of 110 mm. in length. The next largest species, as far as known, is D. bion (pl. 52, fig. 2b). The combination of small eye lobe, median spine on thoracic seg- ments and enlarged fifth thoracic segment, suggests a reversion to primitive characters in this species that might be recognized by a subgeneric name if further investigation justifies it. At locality 74 this species is associated with the following fauna in a brownish-weathering, bedded sandstone: Micromitra pealei (Walcott) Micromitra (Paterina) crenistria (Walcott) Micromitra (Paterina) superba (Walcott) Micromitra ([phidella) pannula (White) Obolus zetus (Walcott) Obolus (Westonia) chuarensis (Walcott) Obolus (Westonia) euglyphus (Walcott) Lingulella lineolata (Walcott) Lingulella perattenuata (Whitfield) Billingsella obscura Walcott Alokistocare althea Walcott 374 SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS VOL. 64 In the arenaceous shale of locality 74e (about 100-120 feet above the horizon of locality 74) I found Obolus (Westonia) chuarensis Walcott Eocystites ? undt. species Hyolithes Alokistocare althea Walcott Dolichometopus productus (Hall and Whitfield) Dolichometopus tontoensis Walcott Formation and locality—Middle Cambrian: (74e) Bright Angel shale 100 feet (32 m.) above Tapeats sandstone. On west side of Cameron trail about 0.5 mile (0.8 km.) north of Indian Garden Spring, south side Grand Canyon of Colorado River, Coconino County; and (74) Tapeats sandstone; about 300 feet (91.4 m.) above its base, at the head of Nunkoweap Valley, Grand Canyon of the Colorado River, both in Arizona. HOUSIA, new subgenus This form is distinguished from Dolichometopus by its small pal- pebral lobe, absence of genal spine on free cheek, form of termina- tion of pleural lobe of thoracic segments, and outline of normal form of pygidium. Surface unknown. Fragments of the only species referred to Housia indicate a length of 7.5 to 8 cm. Genotype —Dolichometopus (Housia) varro Walcott. The one species now referred to-Housia is from the central portion of the Upper Cambrian in the House Range of western Utah. DOLICHOMETOPUS (HOUSIA) VARRO, new species Plate 65, figs. 1, Ia-e The general characters of this species have been given in connec- tion with the subgenus Housia. Only one specimen of the cranidium was found, although 11 free cheeks and five pygidia were collected. That it. was a fairly large species is shown by a thoracic segment 40 mm. in length and several large free cheeks. Formation and locality—Upper Cambrian: (301) Orr formation ; about 2,790 feet (860 m.) above the Middle Cambrian and 1,900 feet (579.1 m.) below the top of the Upper Cambrian, in shales forming tb of the Orr formation * on Orr Ridge, about 5 miles (8 km.) south of Marjum Pass; also (30y) in slightly metamorphosed shales sup- 1 Smithsonian Misc. Coll., Vol. 53, 1908, p. 176. NO. 5 CAMBRIAN TRILOBITES 375 posed to be the equivalent of 1b of the Orr Ridge section above the granite contact on top of the ridge north of Notch Peak, both in House Range, Millard County, Utah. Family AsapHip# Burmeister Subfamily OcyciocarRINa& Raymond . Ogygiocarinze RAyMmonp, 1913, Zittel-Eastman’s Paleontology, p. 718. Opisthoparia with large subequal cephalon and pygidium, promi- nent eyes, palpebral (ocular) ridge crossing free cheeks, thorax with 7 to II segments. Hypostoma rounded. Middle Cambrian to Ordovician. Dr. Raymond has included Megalaspis and other genera of a similar character under Ogygiocarine, but with our present informa- tion I am inclined to include only Ogygiocaris Angelin, Ogygopsis Walcott, Orria Walcott, Asaphiscus Meek, and Blountia and Mary- villia are provisionally referred to the subfamily. Genus OGYGOPSIS Walcott Ogygopsis Watcortt, 1888, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., Vol. 11, p. 446. (Names Ogygia klotzi Rominger as genotype of genus.) Ogygopsis Miter, 1892, North American Geol. and Pal., First Appendix to 1889 Ed., p. 710. (Brief note on genus.) Ogygopsis GraBAU and SHIMER, 1910, North American Index Fos., Vol. 2, p. 289. (Brief description of genus.) Ogygopsis RAYMOND, 1912, Trans. Roy. Soc. Canada, 3d ser., Vol. 5, Sec. 4, p. 116. (Discusses development and relationship of genus.) Dorsal shield elongate-elliptical in outline; axial lobe distinct ; pleural lobes broad. Cephalon shorter and broader than the pygidium, semicircular in outline with genal angles produced into short spines. The facial sutures cut the posterior border just within the genal angles and extend inward and forward with a slight sigmoid curve to the base of the eye; arching over the eye lobes they curve gently out- ward and then inward to the frontal border, which they cut across obliquely inward; the outer border is rather narrow in front of the glabella and of medium width on the free cheeks; the posterior border is narrow and separated by a strong furrow from the body of the fixed cheeks. Cranidium with a large glabella; large free cheeks and strong postero-lateral limbs ; glabella nearly as long as the cranidium, slightly widened towards the front: moderately convex and marked by a 376 SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS VOL. 64 pair of strong postero-lateral furrows and three pairs of faint, short furrows, the posterior two pairs of which extend obliquely inward and backward, while the two anterior pairs extend inward and slightly forward; occipital ring smooth, rather strong and with a well-defined occipital furrow separating it from the glabella. Fixed cheeks of narrow to medium width; postero- and antero-lateral limbs broad; palpebral lobes small. Free cheeks large, broad, and marked by strong venation radiating from the base of the eye lobe outward to the outer border. Thorax with eight segments; axial lobe narrow, each segment marked by a small, sharp median node situated on a slight forward- arching fold of the surface near the posterior margin; pleural lobes wide and rather flat; pleural furrows strong; they extend across from the anterior, inner side of the pleura to the outer posterior side. Pygidium large, with a distinct axial lobe divided into eight or more rings that are continued out onto the broad pleural lobes as broad, shallow furrows separated by narrow ridges; the furrows terminate just within a narrow border. Surface of exterior test marked by a very fine shallow pitting. Genotype —Ogygia klotzi Rominger [1887, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Pinks p. 12, pl. it, fe. 1] Stratigraphic range—Ogygopsis klotzi occurs in the Stephen formation of the Middle Cambrian about 3,000 feet below the Upper Cambrian and 2,000 feet above the Lower Cambrian. Geographic distribution—This is a Cordilleran genus as far as” known. Ogygopsis klotzi occurs at Mount Stephen in eastern British Columbia on the line of the Canadian Pacific Railway, also in the Wasatch Range of northern Utah. Observations —O gygopsis recalls at once Ogygiocaris Angelin, as represented by Ogygiocaris dilitata (Brunn) and O. buchii (Brongni- art). The most marked differences between the two genera are in the presence of well-defined palpebral (ocular) ridges on the fixed cheeks of Ogygopsis, and in general, the more primitive character of the glabella and cephalon. The genus Orria differs from Ogygopsis in the almost entire ab- sence of fixed cheeks, large palpebral lobes, very narrow postero- lateral limbs, broad, straight pleural furrows and shorter axial lobe of pygidium. Both Ogygopsis and Orria foreshadow in the Middle Cambrian time the Lower Ordovician genera of the Ogygiocarine, Ogygopsis being nearer to Ogygtocaris than Orria. NOE Sa CAMBRIAN TRILOBITES 377 OGYGOPSIS KLOTZI (Rominger) Plate 66, figs. 1, 1a-b Ogygia klotzi RoMINGER, 1887, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci., Phil. p. 12, pl. 1, fig. 1. (Describes and illustrates species. ) Ogygia ? klotzi Watcort, 1888, American Jour. Sci., 3d ser., Vol. 36, p. 166. (Notes difference between this species and typical forms of Ogygia.) Ogygopsis klotzsi Watcort, 1889, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., Vol. 11, p. 446. (Proposes Ogygopsis with Ogygia klotzi as the genotype.) Ogygia (Ogygopsis) klotzi MattHEew, 1899, Trans. Royal Soc. Canada, 2d ser., Vol. 5, Sec. 4, p. 58. (Describes species and supposed young of same. ) Ogygopsis klotzi Woopwarb, 1902, Geol. Mag., Dec. 4, Vol. 9, p. 530, text fig. I. (Describes and discusses species and its relations to other genera. Gives outline figure.) Ogygopsis klotzi Wa.cott, 1908, Canadian Alpine Jour., Vol. 1, No. 2, pl. 4, fig. 4. (Illustrates entire dorsal shield.) Ogygopsis klotsi GRABAU and SHIMER, 1910, North American Index Fos., Vol. 2, p. 289, fig. 1597. (Description and reproduction of Walcott’s figure of 1908.) The characters of this species have been given in the description of the genus Ogygopsis. There is no closely related Cambrian species with which it may be compared. Orria elegans of the Middle Cam- brian has a somewhat similar pygidium, but the differences in the thoracic pleural furrows, fixed cheeks, and palpebral lobes are of generic value. The nearest Ordovician form appears to be Ogygiocaris buchii (Brongniart), from which it differs in its glabella, palpebral lobes, presence of palpebral (ocular) ridge on fixed cheeks, and axial lobe of thorax and pygidium. Ogygopsis klotai is the most abundant fossil at the Mount Stephen locality, and hundreds of specimens of the dorsal shield without the free cheeks have been collected. The vertical range of the species in the Stephen formation is about 200 feet (60 m.). Its vertical range at locality 55e in Utah as far as known is only a few feet. The very limited geographic range of the species in British Columbia is most noticeable, and it is limited so far as known to one other locality in Utah. Dimensions.—TVhe largest dorsal shield in the collection has a length of II cm. * Monogr. British Trilobites, Salter, Pal. Soc., 1864-1883, p. 125, pls. 14, 15. 378 SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS VOL. 64 Matthew describes two small specimens of the dorsal shield as follows :* .... In the 11 mm. tests (one-tenth of the length of the adult) there are tubercles on the thoracic rings for the attachment of spines; in one example these spines are attached to back of the rings; that of the occipital ring crosses two joints of the thorax, and that on the last joint of the thorax crosses three rings of the pygidium. In the adult all these spines have disappeared except that the fifth joint is sometimes seen to have a short spine. In the young shields the geniculation of the pleure, and the relief of the rachis are more pronounced than in the adult. In the 11 mm. test there are eight joints in the thorax and Io in the pygidium, and eight cost on the side lobes of the latter. At this age, then, the species had the full number of joints in the thorax, but lacked two of the full number in the pygidium. Tests of 22 mm. length had an additional joint in the pygi- dium, and in tests 35 mm. long, the full number was attained. A difference from the adult is observable in the length of the eye lobe of the young: in these the proportion between the length of the anterior extension of the suture of the eye lobe, and of the posterior extension are respectively I, 1, 2; in the adult it is 1%, 1, 2% or 3. This contraction of the eye lobe is in accordance with what has been observed in other genera, e. g. Paradoxides. 5 I find that the minute spine or tubercle is almost invariably crushed and left in the matrix, so that all that remains is the small base on the transversely lined or corrugated posterior part of the axial portion of the thoracic segment. From Dr. Matthew’s description of the spines on the 11 mm. speci- men, it may be that he had a young specimen of Neolenus serratus or Zacanthoides spinosus, which are very abundant in association with O. klotzi. Formation and locality —Middle Cambrian: (14s) Ogygopsis zone of the Stephen formation ; about 2,300 feet (707 m.) above the Lower Cambrian and 3,540 feet (1,089 m.) below the Upper Cambrian; at the great “ fossil bed” on the northwest slope of Mount Stephen; and (58r) about 2,200 feet (676.9 m.) above the Lower Cambrian, and 3,725 feet (1,146 m.) below the Upper Cambrian, in the lime- stones forming 2 of the Stephen formation, in the amphitheater between Mounts Stephen and Dennis, both localities above Field on the Canadian Pacific Railway, British Columbia, Canada. Also (55e) Spence shale horizon of the Ute formation; about 100 feet (30.5 m.) above the Brigham quartzite, at the mouth of the first small canyon south of Wasatch Canyon, east of Lakeview Ranch, 5 miles (8 km.) north of Brigham, Boxelder County, Utah. Trans. Roy. Soc. Canada, 2d ser., Vol. 5, Sec. 4, 1899, p. 58. Specimens in Museum of University of Toronto, Canada. NO. 5 CAMBRIAN TRILOBITES 379 ORRIA, new genus General form elliptical, moderately convex. Cephalon semicircular with a border of medium width terminating at the genal angles in a short spine; the glabella widens very slightly towards the front and is marked by a distinct pair of oblique posterior furrows that are connected by a very shallow transverse furrow; second pair of fur- rows short and extending less obliquely backward onto the glabella ; third pair short and nearly at right angles to the side of the glabella ; fourth and anterior pair extending inward and a little forward;"* occipital ring of medium width and marked on the posterior side by a narrow band that is broadest at the center and sloping away at the sides; it has the appearance of a crowding forward of transverse lines toward the base of the small tubercle; a minute, sharp-pointed tubercle occurs at the front center margin of this band which is also marked by irregular raised lines subparallel to the front margin of the band. A similar band and tubercle occurs on each of the thoracic segments and the anchylosed segments of the pygidium. Fixed cheeks little more than a line between the glabella and rather large palpebral lobes ; they merge posteriorly into narrow lateral limbs that extend out beyond the line of the termination of the thoracic seg- ments; each limb has a broad, shallow intramarginal furrow that occupies nearly all of its surface; anteriorly the fixed cheek is very narrow and curves forward to merge into a very narrow frontal border in advance of the glabella; palpebral lobes a little less than one-third the length of the cranidium; the raised outer margin extends anteriorly across the very narrow space between the anterior end of the eye lobe and the glabella, and thus forms a very short palpebral (ocular) ridge. Free cheeks large and rising gradually from the groove within the outer border to the base of the elongate, narrow eye lobe; their most marked character is the system of strong, irregular inosculating ridges that radiate from the base of the eye outward to the intra- marginal furrow. Thorax with nine transverse segments that are all of nearly the same transverse length; axial lobe convex and marked by a minute median tubercle as described above in connection with the occipital ring; pleural lobes nearly flat with each segment terminating abruptly, the postero-lateral edge having a very short, blunt spine ; pleural furrows broad and occupying nearly the entire width of the 1 The glabella is very much like that of Bathyuriscus, see plate 46. 380 SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS VOL. 64 segment from the central axis out to its blunt termination at the end of the segment. Pygidium large, border very narrow; axial lobe convex, about two- thirds the length of the pygidium, and divided into seven rings and a terminal section; the rings are similar to those of the axial lobe of the thorax and have a similar band and central tubercle; the pleural lobes are broad and marked by eight broad, shallow furrows and a posterior pair that appear to come out of the posterior section of the axis; each broad furrow is separated from those adjoining by two narrow, sharp ridges with a narrow furrow between them that repre- sents the anchylosed line of separation of the original segmentation now united to form the pygidium. Surface minutely granular; the venation on the free cheeks and the lines on the axial lobe of the thorax and pygidium have been characterized above. Genotype.—Orria elegans Walcott. Dimensions.—The largest dorsal shield of the genus as now known has a length of 7cm. A large pygidium indicates that the individual to which it belonged was at least 9 cm. in length. Stratigraphic and geographic range—The one known species occurs in the Middle Cambrian Marjum formation in western Utah. Observations.—Orria is an Ogygopsis-like form that differs from the latter in several marked characters. 1. The cephalon is smaller in proportion to the thorax and pygidium. (a) Fixed cheeks nearly absent between palpebral lobes and glabella; (b) palpebral lobes large and close to glabella ; postero- lateral limbs long and narrow; antero-lateral limbs only a narrow space between the gabella and facial sutures; facial sutures accord with differences in fixed cheeks and limbs. 2. Pleural furrows of thoracic segments broad and straight instead of narrow and diagonal. 3. Median axis about two-thirds the length of the pygidium. The relation of Orria to other genera of the Ogygiocarine is not any nearer than to Ogygopsis. Its relatively smaller cephalon, large palpebral lobes, and narrow fixed cheeks suggest Ogygiocaris buchii (Brongniart), but the pleural furrows and axial lobe of pygidium are quite distinct. : The resemblance between the cephalon of Orria and Bathyuriscus (pl. 46) indicates that they originated from a similar ancestral type. Both Orria and Ogygopsis suggest a stage of development between Bathyuriscus and Ogygiocaris. NO. 5 CAMBRIAN TRILOBITES 381 ORRIA ELEGANS, new species Plate 66, figs. 2, 2a-b The characters of this species are given in the description of the genus Orria, and there is no other species of the genus with which to compare it. Two nearly entire dorsal shields and many frag- ments were collected from the dark shaly limestone forming tc of the Marjum formation.’ The associated fauna, which is listed under description of Marjumia typa (p. 402), is large and varied and indi- cates a most favorable environment for the development and growth of large trilobites. Formation and locality—Middle Cambrian: (11q) Marjum formation; about 2,300 feet (707 m.) above the Lower Cambrian, and 660 feet (203 m.) below the Upper Cambrian, in the limestone forming 1c of the Marjum formation, 2.5 miles (4 km.) east of Antelope Springs, in west face of ridge east of Wheeler amphitheater, House Range, Millard County, Utah. Genus ASAPHISCUS Meek Asaphiscus MEEK, 1873, Sixth Ann. Rept. U. S. Geol. Surv. Terr., p. 485, footnote. (Founds genus on Asaphiscus wheeleri, then an unpublished species, and comments on genus.) Asaphiscus Watcott, 1875 [1877], Twenty-eighth Rept. N. Y. State Mus. Nat. History, doc. ed., p. 94, footnote. (Considers Asaphiscus as simi- lar to Bathyurus. This is corrected in 1886.) Asaphiscus Watcortt, 1879, Idem, p. 94, footnote. (Repeats preceding ref- erence. ) Asaphiscus Watcortt, 1886, Bull. U. S. Geol. Surv., No. 30, p. 219. (Gives Meek’s description and with comments.) Asaphiscus Mitter, 1889, North American Geol. and Pal., p. 530. (Meek’s description and figure of A. wheeleri.) Asaphiscus GraBAu and SHIMeER, 1910, North American Index Fossils, Vol. 2, p. 289. (Brief note and figure of A. wheeleri.) Dorsal shield subelliptical, moderately convex, distinctly trilobed. Cephalon semicircular in outline with genal angles rounded or pro- longed into spines of moderate length; border rounded, strong and clearly defined all about the cephalon; glabella subconical in outline, rounded convex and with only slight traces of a pair of oblique posterior lateral furrows and two pairs of short, faint anterior fur- rows; occipital furrow shallow and only faintly separating the gla- bella and occipital ring; fixed cheeks about one-half the width of the glabella, posteriorly they merge into a rather large postero-lateral * Smithsonian Misc. Coll., Vol. 53, 1908, pp. 179-180. 6 382 SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS VOL. 64 limb and anteriorly into the broad frontal limb; palpebral lobe of medium size and located just back of the transverse center of the cranidium. Very slight traces of palpebral ridges crossing the fixed cheeks. The facial sutures cut the posterior margin within the genal angles and extend obliquely inward to the posterior end of the eye lobe, in front of the latter they extend gently outward and incurve across the frontal border. Free cheeks about one-fourth the width of the cephalon; they rise rather rapidly to the base of the narrow eye lobe and may or may not terminate in a genal spine. Thorax with from 7 to 11 segments; pleurz with strong longi- tudinal furrow, and usually short falcate ends. The axial portion of the segment may be smooth or have a central node or small spine. Pygidium relatively large and with a strong convex axial lobe that is divided into several transverse rings by narrow furrows that are slightly indicated on the pleural lobes by shallow furrows; border usually broad and slightly flattened. Surface smooth or marked by shallow pits, and rarely it is granu- lated. Genotype —Asaphiscus wheelert Meek. Stratigraphic range-——Middle Cambrian to Upper Cambrian. Geographic distribution —The genus is represented by nine species in the Cordilleran area of Montana, Wyoming, and Utah; two doubt- ful species in the Appalachian area of Pennsylvania, and one species in Manchuria, China. It may be represented in Europe, but in the preliminary study I have not recognized it. Observations —The cranidium of Asaphiscus differs from that of Anomocare in its shorter, smaller eyes and elongate glabella with well-defined lateral furrows and in form of frontal limb and border. The pygidium of the genotype Asaphiscus wheeleri differs from that of the genotype Anomocare leve Angelin in having a much longer axial lobe and narrower border, but these characters may be variable in species referred to either genus. Anomocarella differs from Asaphiscus in its shorter, smaller eyes, shorter and broader glabella in proportion to its width at the base, and in its smaller pygidium which has a narrow border. The cranidium of Asaphiscus is not unlike that of Liostracus, but the other parts of the dorsal shield differ greatly. Asaphiscus has characters that relate it closely to Ptychoparia. The cranidium has the same form of glabella, fixed cheeks and palpebral lobes. The pleural furrows do not start away from beside the axial lobe as abruptly as in the genotype of Ptychoparia, P. striata, but in other NO. 5 CAMBRIAN TRILOBITES 383 species it is difficult to indicate any difference of value in the thorax except fewer thoracic segments. The pygidium of Bathyuriscus is proportionately larger, and has a broader and flatter border. It is not difficult to grade specimens of Ptychoparia that serve to establish a strong connection between the two genera. We now have a num- ber of species represented by cranidia which it is very difficult to assign to either genus without feeling that the discovery of entire specimens may make a new reference necessary. A group of species that are closely related to each other in form of cephalon, thorax, and less so in pygidium, includes 4. (?) capella, A. camma, A. calenus, and A. iddingsi. They all differ from A. wheeleri in having strong genal spines on the cephalon, and longer and sharper terminations on the thoracic segments. The pygidium of A. (?) capella varies most widely from that of A. wheelert. The small and interesting group of species from the Upper Cam- brian Weeks formation of Utah, A. ? minor, A.? granulatus, and A. ? unispinus are small in size and they have a strong genal spine that is lacking in the genotype A. wheeleri. The variation in the number of thoracic segments, seven to TI, is also unusual. These species and those of the Upper Cambrian of the Appalachian region, A. ? agatho, A. ? anaxis, A. ? duris, and A. ? florus, all appear to be degenerate descendants of the large A. wheeleri type of the Middle Cambrian fauna and all indicate an undetermined genus or subgenus. The species now referred to Asaphiscus are: Asaphiscus calenus Walcott, Middle Cambrian, Montana (pl. 60, fig. 1). Asaphiscus camma Walcott, Middle Cambrian, Montana (pl. 60, fig. 2). Asaphiscus (?) capella Walcott, Middle Cambrian, Montana (pl. 59, fig. 2). Asaphiscus ? granulatus Walcott, Upper Cambrian, Utah (pl. 61, fig. 2). Asaphiscus iddingsi Walcott, Middle Cambrian, Manchuria, China (pl. 59, fie) 2) Asaphiscus ? minor Walcott, Upper Cambrian, Utah (pl. 61, fig. 3). Asaphiscus ? unispinus Walcott, Upper Cambrian, Utah (pl. 61, fig. 1). Asaphiscus wheeleri Meek, Middle Cambrian, Utah (pl. 58, fig. 1). Asaphiscus sp. undt. (3), Upper Cambrian, Utah. Asaphiscus sp. undt. (1), Middle Cambrian, Wyoming. Asaphiscus ? sp. undt. (2), Upper Cambrian, Tennessee (pl. 63, fig. 3). Asaphiscus ? agatho Walcott,* Upper Cambrian, Pennsylvania; Tennessee (pl. 63, fig. 9). Asaphiscus ? anaxis Walcott, Upper Cambrian, Pennsylvania (pl. 63, fig. 2). Asaphiscus calanus Walcott, Middle Cambrian, Virginia (pl. 61, fig. 8). Asaphiscus ? duris Walcott, Upper Cambrian ?, Pennsylvania (pl. 63, fig. 8). * Arranged alphabetically after dividing into western and eastern series. 384 SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS VOL. 64 Asaphiscus ? florus Walcott, Upper Cambrian ?, Pennsylvania (pl. 63, fig. 6). Asaphiscus ? cf. florus Walcott; Upper Cambrian ?, Pennsylvania (pl. 63, ie 7) ASAPHISCUS CALANUS, new species Plate 61, figs. 8, 8a This species is most nearly related to Asaphiscus (?) capella. It differs in the form of the frontal limb and glabella of the cranidium. The axial lobe of the associated pygidium is also shorter and the border wider. The specimens are preserved as casts in a fine- grained, arenaceous, shaly rock. Formation and locality—Middle Cambrian: (47h) Arenaceous shales; Wolf Creek, 6 miles (9.6 km.) below Rocky Gap, Bland County, Virginia. ASAPHISCUS CALENUS, new species Plate 60, figs. I, Ia-c This species at once recalls A. wheeleri and A. (?) capella. It differs from the former in the form of the frontal limb and border, glabella, termination of thoracic segments, and form of pygidium. From A. (?) capella it is distinguished by its pygidium and minor details of the cephalon. It is more nearly related to A. camma, but differs in the relative width of the frontal limb and border, shorter eye lobes, and in having a less transverse pygidium. The largest dorsal shield in the collection has a length of 43 mm. and nine thoracic segments. Formation and locality—Middle Cambrian: (5f) Wolsey shale; in Meagher County on the road to Wolsey, about 4 miles (6.4 km.) south of the divide at the head of Sawmill Creek, and 11 miles (17.7 km.) south of Neihart, Little Belt Mountains quadrangle (U. S. G. S.), and (62j) upper portion of Wolsey shale below Meagher limestone; 2 miles (3.2 km.) east of Logan, on north side of Gallatin River, Gallatin County, Montana. ASAPHISCUS CAMMA, new species Plate 60, figs. 2, 2a-c This species is characterized by its relatively long eye lobes, broader glabella, and narrower frontal border, when compared with A. (?) capella and A. calenus. Its pygidium is more transverse than that of NO. 5 CAMBRIAN TRILOBITES 385 those species or of A. iddingsi. It also has 10 segments in the thorax . and the related species have nine. The largest pygidium in the collection has a length of 15 mm., which indicates a length of 50 mm. for the dorsal shield to which it belonged. Formation and locality—Middle Cambrian: (4g) Wolsey shale; 5 miles (8 km.) east-northeast of Logan and I mile (1.6 km.) north of junction of East and West Gallatin Rivers [Three Forks sheet (U.S. G. S.)], Gallatin County, Montana. ASAPHISCUS (?) CAPELLA, new species Plate 50, figs. 2, 2a-c The cephalon and thorax of this species are much like the same parts in A. wheeleri except that A. (?) capella has genal spines on the free cheeks and a more distinctly concave frontal border. Its py- gidium differs decidedly from that of A. wheeleri in having a very wide, sloping, and slightly concave border section and doublure, that terminates within a narrow border; a tapering axial lobe that is three-fifths the length of the pygidium is extended across the wide lower slope as a low, rounded ridge that expands towards the posterior margin and merges into it; the seven rings on the axis extend out- ward and backward across the pleural lobes as slightly rounded, nearly flat segments, that terminate by merging into the narrow border. The largest dorsal shield has a length of 56 mm., and nine thoracic segments, and a small node at the center of each segment and the occipital ring. _ The pygidium, large eyes, and terminations of thoracic segments suggest a different generic reference, but I am not prepared to make it at present. Formation and locality—Middle Cambrian: (54z) Wolsey shale ; Half Moon Pass, Big Snowy Mountains, Fergus County, Montana. ASAPHISCUS ? GRANULATUS, new species Plate 61, figs. 2, 2a This species differs from A. ? minor in having 10 thoracic seg- ments, a strong median spine on the axial lobe of the ninth segment, and in its granulated surface. The surface of the test is minutely granular with large granules scattered over the cephalon and a row 386 SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS VOL. 64 of about 14 large granules on each thoracic segment and about 10 or less on each of the four anchylosed segments of the pygidium. The spine on the ninth thoracic segment has a strong base and is extended back over the pygidium. There are two specimens in the collection; the larger has a length of 23 mm. with two segments crowded under the cephalon, and the other has 10 thoracic segments and the pygidium. Formation and locality—-Upper Cambrian: (30n) Weeks forma- tion; about 3,750 feet (1,143 m.) above the Lower Cambrian in shales forming 1c of the Weeks formation, on the north side of Weeks Canyon, about 4 miles (6.4 km.) south of Marjum Pass, House Range, Millard County, Utah. ASAPHISCUS IDDINGSI Walcott Plate 50, figs. 1, 1a-b Asaphiscus iddingsi WAtcort, 1911, Smithsonian Misc. Coll., Vol. 57, No. 4, pp. 99-101, pl. 16, fig. 3. (Described and discussed as a new species essentially as below.) Asaphiscus iddingsi Watcott, 1913, Research in China, Vol. 3, Cambrian Faunas of China, p. 221, pl. 23, figs. 1, 1a-b. (Described as below.) Dorsal shield longitudinally oval in outline, moderately convex. Cephalon semicircular in outline; a little more than one-third of the entire length of the dorsal shield; bordered by a nearly flat or slightly rounded margin that passes at the genal angle into a moderately strong genal spine; within the genal spine a rounded posterior border is separated from the fixed cheek by a rounded, clearly defined fur- row; the intramarginal furrow is shallow and rounded. Cranidium moderately convex and roughly subquadrate in outline; the frontal limb is slightly convex and, with the anterior portion of the glabella and the front margin, forms a gentle slope that is broken only by the slight dorsal furrow in front of the glabella and the shallow intra- marginal furrow; the frontal limb merges on the sides into the fixed cheeks, which are a little less than one-half the width of the glabella; posteriorly the fixed cheeks merge into relatively small postero-lateral limbs ; palpebral lobe narrow and extended in front as a low ridge that crosses the fixed cheek to the dorsal furrow near the antero- lateral angle of the glabella; that portion of the palpebral lobe above the eye is about one-fourth the length of the cephalon. Glabella large, slightly narrower in front than at the occipital furrow ; sides nearly straight and slightly converging, frontal margin broadly rounded; surface marked by very faint impressions of three NO. 5 CAMBRIAN TRILOBITES 387 pairs of glabellar furrows, which can only be seen where the surface is very perfectly preserved. Occipital ring about as wide as the frontal margin and separated from the glabella by a shallow furrow that terminates on the side slightly in advance of the posterior intra- marginal furrow. Free cheeks about as wide opposite the eye as the fixed cheeks; eye lobe about one-fourth the length of the cephalon. Postero-lateral angle continued backward into a moderately strong spine. The facial sutures cut the posterior margin just within the genal angle and extend obliquely inward with a slightly sigmoid curvature to the base of the eye-lobes; curving over and around the eye-lobes, they pass forward and a little outward, cutting the frontal margin obliquely. Thorax with nine segments ; axial lobe moderately convex, slightly narrower than the pleural lobes in compressed specimens ; on the outer side of each segment a low, rounded node or ridge is separated from the main body of the segment by a slightly oblique furrow transverse to the segment ; pleural lobes slightly convex, nearly flat out to the geniculation, where they curve slightly downward and backward; each pleura has a well-defined furrow starting near the inner anterior margin and extending backward to the center of the pleura at the geniculation, where it curves slightly backward and terminates on the broadly rounded, slightly falcate end of the pleura. Pygidium roughly semicircular in outline, one-fourth the length of the dorsal shield; anterior margin nearly transverse at the axial lobe and curving slightly backward to conform to the curvature of the last thoracic segment; axial lobe moderately convex and tapering gradually toward its posterior section, which is just within the nearly flat marginal border; it is divided by four transverse furrows into four rings and a terminal section; three anchylosed pleural segments are outlined on the pleural lobes by furrows that curve backward and terminate on the inner margin of the doublure; this line is con- tinued forward on the pleural lobes of the thorax, terminating on each side opposite the posterior end of the facial suture. Surface of specimens preserved in the limestone nearly smooth or marked by very minute shallow pits. Dimensions ——A dorsal shield 30 mm. in length has the following dimensions : Cephalon : mm ILS OME oo othr e OC Soin OCD PRETO CIO RC emo m hc or ee I1.0 Wene thoi eve=lODertctecis cia: © stu=yo seceneverea ee ea aici 3.5 Widthvat posterlom IMarein. «. 0. aeic oie onesacl 1orerres 20.0 Width of elabella at posterior mangine..5.-.s0.s2- 06-6 6.0 388 SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS VOL. 64 Thorax: | Berton d | Wey en aS OP Ie DCI ce err cic Mian scans ats 12.0 Width at fourth segment....... Th cone A ee eee 19.0 Width ef axial lobevat finst segment-2.. a... ee ae 5.5 Wadthiefiaxial lobe ateminth seoment sere nese eerie 4.0 Pygidium: Tet StL a dace tacnie doa pautinatn Se nS ea ECE 7.0 Width at anion wath thonaxsscnceme easier cence 12.0 Fragments of this species are quite abundant in the limestones and interbedded shales. A few entire specimens are found in a fine argil- laceous shale a short distance above the white quartzite at the base of the section, and it is from the best specimens of these that the above description was drawn, together with specimens of the crani- dium in the limestone. In general outline and appearance Asaphiscus iddingsi approaches the type of the genus, dA. wheelert Meek (p. 390). Asaphiscus iddingsi has a genal spine, a longer eye-lobe, a proportionately shorter cephalon, and nine, instead of eight, segments in the thorax. Formation and locality—Middle Cambrian: (35r and 36e) Fu-chou series, shales interbedded with limestones near the base of the series just above the white quartzite [see Blackwelder, Research in China, Vol. 1, Pt. 1, p. 92, for general section giving stratigraphic relations] ; collected in a low bluff on the shore of Tschang-hsing-tau Island, east of Niang-niang-kung, Liau-tung, Manchuria, China. Collected by J. P. Iddings and Li San. ASAPHISCUS ? MINOR, new species Plate 61, figs. 3, 3a-b Asaphiscus minor Wa.cott, 1908, Smithsonian Misc. Coll., Vol. 53, p. 178. (Name listed in fauna of Weeks formation.) This is a small species with only seven thoracic segments and with rather strong genal spines. It has four rings and a terminal section on the axial lobe of the pygidium and four flat segments on the pleural lobes separated by narrow, shallow furrows. Surface of test apparently finely granulated. The average length of the dorsal shield is about 14 mm. One has a length of 17 mm. Asaphiscus ? minor differs from A. ? granulatus and A. ? unispinus in having seven thoracic segments and in the absence of a thoracic NO. 5 CAMBRIAN TRILOBITES 389 spine, and from A. ? granulatus in the absence of coarse granulations. It is the most abundant species, as over 60 specimens were found, while only two of A. ? granulatus and nine of A. ? unispinus were collected in the same band of shaly limestone. Formation and locality—Upper Cambrian: Weeks formation ; (30n) about 3,750 feet (1,143 m.) above the Lower Cambrian in shales forming 1c of the Weeks formation,’ and (300) about 3,950 feet (1,204 m.) above the Lower Cambrian in the shaly limestones forming 1b of the Weeks formation, both on the north side of Weeks Canyon, about 4 miles (6.4 km.) south of Marjum Pass; also (14v) shales of unknown stratigraphic horizon collected 1 mile (1.6 km.) south of Rainbow Valley, all in House Range,’ Millard County, Utah. ASAPHISCUS ? UNISPINUS, new species Plate 61, fig. 1 This species resembles Asaphiscus ? minor in general appearance, but it has 10 thoracic segments instead of seven, and the eighth seg- ment has a strong median spine on its axial lobe that extends back over the two posterior segments and the pygidium. From A. ? granu- latus it differs in surface, number of thoracic segments, Io instead of I1, and in having the thoracic spine on the eighth instead of the ninth segment. Test dense and apparently minutely granulated. There are nine specimens of this species in the collection, and all of them were associated in the shaly limestone with A. ? minor and at ‘locality 30n with A. ? granulatus. Formation and locality—Upper Cambrian: Weeks formation; (30n) about 3,750 feet (1,143 m.) above the Lower Cambrian in shales forming Ic of the Weeks formation,’ and (300) about 3,950 feet (1,204 m.) above the Lower Cambrian in the shaly limestones forming 1b of the Weeks formation, both on the north side of Weeks Canyon, about 4 miles (6.4 km.) south of Marjum Pass; also (14v) shales of unknown stratigraphic horizon collected 1 mile (1.6 km.) south of Rainbow Valley, all in House Range,’ Millard County, Utah. * Walcott, Smithsonian Misc. Coll., Vol. 53, 1908, p. 178. 2 Idem, pl. 13. * Idem, pl. 178. *Tdem, pl. 13. 390 SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS VOL. 64 ASAPHISCUS WHEELERI Meek Plate 58, figs. I, Ia-g Bathyurellus (Asaphiscus) wheeleri MeexK, 1873, Sixth Ann. Rept. U. S. Geol. Survey Terr., p. 485, footnote. (Brief description.) Asaphiscus wheeleri WHITE, 1875, Rept. U. S. Geog. and Geol. Expl. and Surv., West rooth Merid., Vol. 4, p. 43, pl. 2, figs. 1a-f. (Describes and illustrates species.) Asaphiscus wheeleri Watcott, 1886, Bull. U. S. Geol. Surv., No. 30, p. 220, pl. 31, figs. 3, 3a; pl. 25, fig. 9. (Describes and gives restored figure of species. ) Asaphiscus wheeleri Mitter, 1889, North American Geol. and Pal., p. 530, text fig. 965. (Brief description and one figure.) Asaphiscus wheelert GrapAU and SuHimeEr, 1910, North American Index Fossils, Vol. 2, p. 2890, fig. 1596. (Illustrates with reduced figure from Walcott.) ; The description by White gives a very good conception of the dorsal shield of this species. Its most marked difference when com- pared with other species is the absence of genal spines. Specimens of the entire dorsal shield and the separate cephala and pygidia are very abundant in the Wheeler formation, east of Antelope Springs. Formation and locality—Middle Cambrian: (3s, 3t, 8g, 4) Wheeler formation; about 1,700 feet (518.2 m.) above the Lower Cambrian and 2,700 feet (823 m.) below the Upper Cambrian in the shaly limestones and calcareous shales of the Wheeler formation, in the eastern part of Wheeler Amphitheater, east of Antelope Springs, House Range; and (15b) same horizon; near Swasey Spring, House Range, all in Millard County, Utah. . Also (1o0y, 10z) Marjum formation; about 2,900 feet (884 m.) above the Lower Cambrian and 1,500 feet (457.2 m.) below the Upper Cambrian in the central part of the limestone forming ta of the Marjum limestone about 1 mile (1.6 km.) south-southwest of Marjum Pass, House Range, Millard County, Utah. ASAPHISCUS, species undetermined (1) A number of pygidia that occur in a thin-bedded, dark-blue lime- stone in northern Wyoming have the general appearance of the pygidium of Asaphiscus (?) capella, and the associated free cheek has a genal spine and is more like that of A. (?) capella, but in the absence of a cranidium it is difficult to make even a tentative specific identification. NO. 5 CAMBRIAN TRILOBITES 391 Formation and locality—Middle Cambrian: (4d) Limestone; divide at head of Sheep Creek, north end of Teton Range, Wyoming. ASAPHISCUS ?, species undetermined (2) Plate 63, figs. 3, 3a This species is represented by a single pygidium that is doubtfully referred to Asaphiscus. Its appearance and characters are shown by the illustration. Formation and locality —Upper Cambrian: (119) Maryville lime- stone ; beneath Nolichucky shale, on Cub Creek, 1.5 miles (2.4 km.) southeast of Morristown, Hamblen County, Tennessee. ASAPHISCUS, species undetermined (3) This species is represented by a pygidium of the Asaphiscus (?) capella form and four crushed thoracic segments. It is noteworthy as being larger than other species referred to Asaphiscus. The pygidium has a length of 11 mm. and an anterior width of 19 mm. Formation and locality—Upper Cambrian: (300) Weeks forma- tion; about 3,950 feet (1,204 m.) above the Lower Cambrian in the shaly limestones forming 1b of the Weeks formation, on the north side of Weeks Canyon, about 4 miles (6.4 km.) south of Marjum Pass, House Range, Millard County, Utah. DOUBTFUL SPECIES OF ASAPHISCUS The following species from the Upper Cambrian or later forma- tions are tentatively referred to Asaphiscus pending the discovery of better material that may lead to a more correct interpretation of their generic relations. ASAPHISCUS ? AGATHO, new species Plate 63, figs. 9, 9a This species is represented by a small Asaphiscus-like cranidium that is much like the cranidium of Asaphiscus ? florus. It differs in the width of the frontal limb and border and a narrower postero- lateral limb. Length of cranidium, 5 mm. The associated pygidium is illustrated by figure ga. Formation and locality —Upper Cambrian ?: (107g) Kittatinny ? limestone ; 100 feet more or less of limestone in middle of sandy dolo- mite 1,000 feet thick or more; 0.5 mile (0.8 km.) west of Drab, Blair County, Huntingdon quadrangle (U.S. G. S.), Pennsylvania. Also from (123a) Maryville limestone; 4 miles (6.4 km.) north- east of Rogersville, Hawkins County, Tennessee. 392 SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS VOL. 64 ASAPHISCUS ? ANAXIS, new species Plate 63, figs. 2, 2a This species is represented by a number of cranidia from 7 to 16 mm. in length. It is characterized by a narrow, upturned frontal border and rather broad, strong glabella and occipital ring. Surface as far as known slightly roughened by what may be a fine granulation. Cranidia of a similar type occur at several localities in the Mary- ville limestone. Formation and locality—Upper Cambrian: (107) Maryville lime- stone; Bull Run Ridge, northwest of Copper Ridge, 11 miles (17.7 km.) northwest of Knoxville, Knox County; (119) beneath Noli- chucky shale, on Cub Creek, 1.5 miles (2.4 km.) southeast of Morris- town, Hamblen County; also (123b) top of Maryville limestone, near base of Nolichucky shale; Rogersville, 0.5 mile (0.8 km.) east of depot on left of railway, in wagon road, and (125) north side of big creek below Harlan’s mill, 4 miles (6.4 km.) northeast of Rogers- ville, last two in Hawkins County, all in Tennessee. ASAPHISCUS ? DURIS, new species Plate 63, figs. 8, 8a The cranidium representing this species is not unlike that of A. ? forus, figure 6, but is proportionally broader, and its outer surface is closely granulated. Formation and locality—Upper Cambrian ?: (107f); about 2 miles (3.2 km.) north of Bakers Summit, Bedford County, Penn- sylvania. ASAPHISCUS ? FLORUS, new species Plate 63, figs. 6, 6a-b This is a small species, the cranidium of which would have been referred to Ptychoparia or Liostracus except that the associated pygidium has a slightly concave border and the anchylosed segments are clearly of the Asaphiscus type. Formation and locality —Upper Cambrian ?: (107g) Kittatinny ? limestone ; Drab, Blair County, Pennsylvania. A similar form occurs at locality 107e, Upper Cambrian. ?: Kit- tatinny ?; limestone in lower part of upper quartzite division of the “ Kittatinny ”; 1 mile (1.6 km.) southwest of Ore Hill, and 4 miles (6.4 km.) south of Roaring Spring, in Bedford County, Hollidays- burg quadrangle (U.S. G. S.), Pennsylvania. NOE 5 CAMBRIAN TRILOBITES 393 ASAPHISCUS ? cf. FLORUS, new species Plate 63, fig. 7 This form is represented by a broken cranidium. It is closely related to Asaphiscus ? florus, except that the frontal limb is larger and the palpebral lobes a little longer in proportion to the length of the cranidium. Formation and locality —Upper Cambrian ?: (107e) Kittatinny ? limestone; 1 mile (1.6 km.) southwest of Ore Hill and 4 miles (6.4 km.) south of Roaring Spring, Bedford County, Pennsylvania. . BLAINIA, new subgenus Blainia differs from Asaphiscus in the compact form of its convex dorsal shield and in its general appearance when compared directly with the dorsal shield of Asaphiscus whecleri, the type of the genus. The pleural thoracic furrows are narrower than in the genotype, “A. (Blainia) gregarius; the pygidium has a narrower outline and the pleural furrows extend down to the outer margin which gives quite a different aspect as compared with the broad, smooth border on the pygidium of A. wheeler. The species referred to Blainia have nine thoracic segments and six to 11 distinct anchylosed segments in the pygidium. Genotype-—Asaphiscus (Blaima) gregarius Walcott. As far as known, the subgenus is confined to one horizon of the Middle Cambrian Conasauga shales in Cherokee County, Alabama. Asaphiscus (Blainia) gregarius is a very abundant form on the siliceous nodules embedded in the shale and A. (B.) paula and A. (B.) elongatus are relatively rare. ASAPHISCUS (BLAINIA) ELONGATUS, new species Plate 63, figs. 4, 4a, 5, 5a This is a large species represented by cranidia, and a pygidium that may or may not belong with the cranidium. The cranidium appears to be congeneric with that of the other species referred to Asaphiscus (Blainia), but it differs specifically in the elongate out- line of the glabella, also of the pygidium, if the one referred to the species really belongs with it. The form of the glabella and palpebral lobe is much like that of A. (B.) paula, but the frontal border curves backward at the center in front of the glabella. The associated pygidium is elongate and formed of about 12 anchylosed segments. From its size and form 394 SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS VOL. 64 it seems quite probable that it belongs with the cranidium to which it is referred. Surface of both cranidium and pygidium finely granulated. The largest cranidium has a length of 21 mm. and associated pygidium of 19 mm. With the thorax of proportional length the dorsal shield would have a length of 60 mm., which would make it the largest species of the subgenus Blaimia. Formation and locality—Middle Cambrian: (gox) Conasauga formation; in and attached to the outer surface of siliceous nodules in a dark argillaceous shale of the lower Conasauga formation; 3 miles (4.8 km.) east of Center, near Blaine, Coosa Valley, Cherokee County, Alabama. ASAPHISCUS (BLAINIA) GLABRA, new species Plate 63, figs. I, Ia-e This species is known only by the cranidium and associated pygidium and fragments of thoracic segments. The cranidium is much like that of A. (B.) gregarius, differing only in the relative widths of the frontal limb and border and slightly broader fixed cheeks. The associated pygidium differs in form, width of border, and length of axial lobe. Exterior surface finely granulated. Judging from the separate parts, the dorsal shield probably equalled if not exceeded the size of the dorsal shield of A. (B.) gregarius and A. (B.) paula. The fossils associated with A. (B.) glabra are Hyolithes, Ptycho- paria sp., and a fine species of an undetermined Olenoides. Formation and locality—Middle Cambrian: (107x) Conasauga formation; compact oolitic limestone in boulder on hillside, Bull Run Knobs near creek, west of Copper Ridge, 2 miles (3.2 km.) south of Heiskell, Knox County, and 11 miles (17.7 km.) north- west of Knoxville, Tennessee. ASAPHISCUS (BLAINIA) GREGARIUS, new species Plate 62, figs. I, Ia-2 This species is so well illustrated by the figures of plate 61 that a general description is unnecessary. The cephalon has rather large, free cheeks with medium size genal spines; the glabella is marked by three pairs of side furrows in the smaller specimens, as shown by figure Ie, but in the larger they are very slightly marked; the nine thoracic segments have narrow diagonal pleural furrows and a rather abrupt termination of the ends of the segments. The pygi- NO. 5 CAMBRIAN TRILOBITES 395 - dium has a narrow, convex axial lobe with seven to eight not very strongly defined rings that extend obliquely across the pleural lobes as flat segments separated by narrow, shallow furrows; the doublure is broad (fig. 1f) and finely striated. Surface with fine, irregular granules set very close to each other and sometimes with a tendency to follow irregular lines that suggest that the granulation results from the breaking up of fine ridges. The largest dorsal shield has a length of 43 mm. Gephalon@acce suk costo Shoe 13 mm. AN IYeICED Sx, Boat A NORE REC IO, Py cidiites-1.5 Soe wwe oe oes Tay eae Widthwotathonaxanesc sec se 20> Two enrolled specimens (see fig. 1) show that the animal rolled up very much as in genera of the Asaphidz, Proteide, etc. This species is one of the most abundant of those occurring on the siliceous nodules of the Conasauga shales. It is associated with a large and varied fauna of a Middle Cambrian facies. One of the associated species, A. (B.) paula, is somewhat similar in form but differs in details of the cranidium and pygidium. Formation and locality—Middle Cambrian: (gox) Conasauga formation ; in and attached to the outer surface of siliceous nodules in a dark argillaceous shale of the lower Conasauga formation; 3 miles (4.8 km.) east of Center, near Blaine, Coosa Valley, Cherokee County, Alabama. Also (56y) fine, arenaceous, buff-colored shales; 1.75 miles (2.8 km.) southwest of Greenback, on the railroad just north of wagon- road crossing, Loudon County, Tennessee. ASAPHISCUS (BLAINIA) PAULA, new species Plate 62, figs. 2, 2a-b This species has the same general characters of A. (B.) gregarius, such as form, nine segments in thorax, finely granulated surface, and size. It differs in outline of glabella and smaller palpebral lobes of cranidium, and the pygidium is quite dissimilar in details as may be seen by comparing figures 1a, 1f, 1g of plate 62 with figures 2, 2a. The same comparison may be extended to A. (B.) glabra (pl. 63, Res. a, 1d; 1B): The largest dorsal shield has a length of 45 mm. Formation and locality—Middle Cambrian: (gox) Conasauga formation; in and attached to the outer surface of siliceous nodules in a dark argillaceous shale of the lower Conasauga formation; 3 390 SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS VOL. 64 miles (4.8 km.) east of Center, near Blaine, Coosa Valley ; and (112) argillaceous shale carrying fossiliferous cherty nodules of gox; 5 miles (8 km.) east-southeast of Center, both in Cherokee County, Alabama. BLOUNTIA, new genus General form of dorsal shield broadly elliptical, convex. Cephalon semicircular in outline with genal angles produced into short spines ; border slightly rounded to convex; frontal limb of medium width and clearly defined. Glabella convex, slightly narrowing to a broadly round front, smooth or with slight traces of glabellar furrows; occipital ring flat or slightly rounded and separated from glabella by a narrow and often very indistinct furrow. Fixed cheeks narrow to medium width; postero-lateral limbs large, and anterior to the small palpebral lobes the cheeks curve slightly outward; a low, in- conspicuous palpebral ridge crosses from the palpebral lobe to the slight dorsal groove beside the glabella. Palpebral lobe and eye small and situated about halfway of the length of the head, or in front of its transverse center. Free cheeks with border extended into a genal spine. Thorax with convex axis and seven flat segments that curve ab- ruptly downward at the geniculation, which gives a flattened appear- ance to the pleural lobes out to the geniculation; extremities of segments slightly falcate and with an enrollment facet on their anterior side; pleural furrow very shallow and best seen at the geniculation ; it appears to start at the inner anterior margin of the segment and to extend diagonally across the segment to the posterior side of the narrowing space back of the enrollment facet. Pygidium semioval in outline ; axis convex, two-thirds or more of the length of the pygidium; axis and pleural lobes smooth or with indications of anchylosed segments; in the genotype the segments are indicated by a slight change of color along the lines of the fur- rows that usually outline the segments. The interior of the test shows seven or eight segments much more strongly outlined on the axis. Surface dense and smooth as far as known. Dimensions —The only entire dorsal shield has a length of about 7 mm. Several cranidia indicate that some dorsal shields had a length of 10 mm. None of the species appear to have attained a much larger size. Genotype.—Blountia mimula Walcott. NOT 5 CAMBRIAN TRILOBITES 397 Stratigraphic range—All of the species now referred to Blountia are from the Maryville limestone formation of the Middle Cam- brian. Geographic distribution—All known species are from the eastern portion of the state of Tennessee. Observations —The genus Blountia includes a number of small trilobites that apparently came from the same line of descent as Asaphiscus and allied forms. It may be a degenerate from an Asaphiscus-like ancestor. The species B. mimula is represented by many cranidia and pygidia and one nearly entire dorsal shield. A number of the species are represented by cranidia that might be referred to Anomocarella Walcott or Liostraéus Angelin except that they have a general appearance that suggests a different genus. These include all of the following species except B. anser and B. mimula. Blountia mimula has but seven thoracic segments. The species referred to the genus are: Blountia ? alemon Walcott; Upper Cambrian (pl. 61, fig. 6). Blountia alethes Walcott; Upper Cambrian (pl. 64, fig. I). Blountia alexas Walcott; Upper Cambrian (pl. 61, fig. 5). Blountia amage Walcott; Upper Cambrian (pl. 64, fig. 3). Blountia andreas Walcott: Upper Cambrian (pl. 64, fig. 2). Blountia anser Walcott; Upper Cambrian (pl. 61, fig. 7). Blountia mimula Walcott; Upper Cambrian (pl. 61, fig. 4). BLOUNTIA ? ALEMON, new species Plate 61, figs. 6, 6a This is a small species distinguished by a broad glabella, small palpebral lobes, large postero-lateral limbs, and short frontal limbs from other species referred to the genus. The strong occipital fur- row and narrow frontal limb suggest that it belongs to some other genus. The cranidium has a length of 4 mm. Formation and locality —Upper Cambrian: (119) Maryville lime- stone, beneath Nolichucky shale; on Cub Creek, 1.5 miles (2.4 km.) southeast of Morristown, Hamblen County, Tennessee. BLOUNTIA ALETHES, new species Plate 64, figs. I, Ia-c This form differs from Blountia mimula in the form of its cran- idium, glabella, palpebral lobes, and its associated pygidium. A large cranidium has a length of 8 mm., and an associated pygidium 7 398 SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS VOL. 64 doubtfully referred to the species has about the same length. The cranidium of Blountia amage is in the outline of its glabella and palpebral lobes nearer to B. alethes than any other species of the genus. Formation and locality—Upper Cambrian: (123b) Maryville limestone ; Rogersville, 0.5 mile (0.8 km.) east of depot on left of railway in wagon road, Hawkins County, Tennessee. BLOUNTIA ALEXAS, new species Plate 61, figs. 5, 5a This form is most nearly related to Blountia anser; it differs 1n the wider frontal border of the cranidium, shorter glabella, and smaller palpebral lobe. The glabella appears to be smooth. Formation and locality—Upper Cambrian: (125) Maryville lime- stone; north side of big creek below Harlan’s mill, 4 miles (6.4 km.) northeast of Rogersville, Hawkins County, Tennessee. BLOUNTIA AMAGE, new species Plate 64, figs. 3, 3a This form is characterized by its slightly conical, smooth glabella, gently rounded frontal limb and margin, and distinctly dorsal fur- ~ rows. re Be ns) i a F , » <3) bd am L oe as by : = 7 : : d B3 y @ os n oe - 7 ea. a 1 412 SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS VOL. DESCRIPTION OF PLATE Ms Miemirussquadratws dal cee ite ioe one eee ss tot Gls ANE Beane Fics.1,1a. (X1.5.) Dorsal and side views of the cast of a dorsal shield preserved in fine-grained sandstone. U. S. National Museum, Catalogue No. 62614. (Locality 78.) tb. (Natural size.) Dorsal shield flattened in very fine-grained arenaceous shale. U.S. National Museum, Catalogue No. 62615. From locality'85, Upper Cambrian: Prairie du Sac, Wisconsin. Ic, Ic’. (X1.5.) Dorsal and side views of a well-preserved ceph- alon from the same layer of sandstone as the specimen represented by fig. 1. U.S. National Museum, Catalogue No. 62616. (Locality 78.) td,td’. (X1.5.) Dorsal and side views of a cranidium, showing the form of the palpebral lobes and the course of the facial sutures. U. S. National Museum, Catalogue No. 62617. From locality 78b, Upper Cambrian: Saint Lawrence formation ; Saint Croix River, near Osceola, Wisconsin. te. (X1.5.) A pygidium associated with the specimens repre- sented by figs. 1 and 1c. U.S. National Museum, Catalogue No. 62618. The specimens represented by figs. I, Ic, and Ie are from locality 78, Upper Cambrian: Saint Lawrence formation; Saint Croix River, Osceola, Wisconsin. Mesonacis vermontana (Hall)! 2.05.0 32a sme ba eeec ae en ee eee Fic. 2. (Natural size.) An entire dorsal shield from the type locality (25) at Georgia, Vermont, showing 14 thoracic segments of the Olenellus type, the spine-bearing segment, and ten segments of the Mesonacis type. U.S. National Museum, Catalogue No. 15390a. From locality 25, Lower Cambrian: Siliceous or finely arenaceous shale just above Parker’s quarry, Georgia township, Franklin County, Vermont. The specimen represented by fig. 2 has been figured by Walcott, Smithsonian Misc. Coll., Vol. 53, No. 6, 1910, pl. 26, fig. 1. Mesonacis gulberty (NICO) acres 3s re creer eet ete hetet ie heseis ean Fic. 3. (About % natural size.) The illustration is taken from a plaster cast of the specimen now in the Geological Museum of Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey, which was from locality 35n, Lower Cambrian: Mount Whyte forma- tion; eastern slope of Mount Odaray, above McArthur Pass, British Columbia, Canada. Plastotype. U. S. National Museum, Catalogue No. 62610. 64 407 406 SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS VOL. 64, NO. 5, PL. 45 CAMBRIAN TRILOBITES a he - YY - o © Al4 SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS VOL. DESCRIPTION OF PLATE 46 Bathyuriscus (Poltella) powers: Walcott \. cic ssn cae nr eee ae ee Fic. 1. (2.) Type specimen of dorsal shield exclusive of free cheeks. Original specimen in collections Museum of Com- parative Zoology, Cambridge, Massachusetts. Plastotype U. S. National Museum, Catalogue No. 62620. The original specimen was collected from the Gallatin limestone, Pole Creek, Gallatin County, Montana. Bathyurtscus hayden (Meek) 222.02 ncn). ale gatas + in tee ee Fic. 2. (1.5.) Photograph of the best specimen used by Meek in describing species. Note the large pygidium. U. S. Na- tional Museum, Catalogue No. 7863. 2a. (X2.) Cast of a cranidium. U. S. National Museum, Cata- logue No. 7863. Aly, ((O< a Pygidium. U. S. National Museum, Catalogue No. 7863. The specimens represented by figs. 2, 2a and 2b are weathered out on surface of dark, thin-bedded limestone at locality 302, Middle Cambrian: Limestone east of West Gallatin River, above Gallatin City, Gallatin County, Montana. Bathyuriscus (Poliella) occidentalis (Matthew) ..........-..--+.++++-+- Fic. 3. (X 2.5.) Illustration from plaster cast made in matrix which is the type specimen of the species. Plastotype U. S. Na- tional Museum, Catalogue No. 62621. The specimen is from locality 14s, Middle Cambrian: Ogygopsis zone of the Stephen formation; about 2,300 feet (7c1 m.) above the Lower Cambrian and 2,700 feet (823 m.) below the Upper Cambrian in the Ogygopsis zone of the Stephen formation, at the great “ fossil bed”’ on the northwest slope of Mount Stephen, above Field on the Canadian Pacific Railroad, Brit- ish Columbia, Canada. This figure is the same as that on plate 3, fig. 2, Canadian Alpine Journal, Vol. 1, No. 2, 1908. Bathyuriscus ornatus Walcott be .idot ws soc an ve 6 te she Se Fic. 4. (<< 2.) < 2-25.) A ‘crushed dorsal shield, the type specimen of the species. U.S. National Museum, Catalogue No. 62622. From locality 55c, Middle Cambrian: Spence shale member of the Ute formation; about 50 feet (15.2m.) above the Brigham quartzite, and 2,755 feet. (830.7 m.) below the Upper Cambrian, in a ravine running up into Danish Flat from Mill Canyon, about 6 miles (9.6km.) west-southwest of Liberty and 15 miles (24.2 km.) west of Montpelier, Bear Lake County, Idaho. Bathyuriscus (Poliella) primus (Walcott) .............0 cesses eee ees 352 Fic. 6. (>< 3.) An entire dorsal shield shortened by compression and slight distortion in the shale. U. S. National Museum, Catalogue No. 62623. 6a. (X 3.) Dorsal shield laterally compressed by slight distortion in the shale. U.S. National Museum, Catalogue No. 62624. The specimens represented by figs. 6 and 6a are from locality 35m, Lower Cambrian: Mount Whyte formation (dlbertella zone) ; 3 miles (4.8km.) southwest of the head of Lake Louise, on east slope of Mount Whyte, Alberta, Canada. Opa CXG2)) Matrix of a dorsal shield that is slightly distorted, and its cranidium_ has an unusually large and deep postero- lateral limb. U.S. National Museum, Catalogue No. 62625. From locality 35e, Lower Cambrian: Mount Whyte formation, Lakes Louise and Agnes Cambrian section; amphitheatre between Popes Peak and Mount Whyte, south of Lake Agnes, south of Laggan, on the Canadian Pacific Railway, in western Alberta, Canada. 6c (Natural size) and 6d (X 2). Cranidium from an arenaceous shale. U.S. National Museum, Catalogue No. 62626. From locality 58t, Lower Cambrian: Sandy shale about 150 feet (45.7m.) below the Middle Cambrian, just below the big cliff on the east shoulder of Castle Mountain, north of the Canadian Pa- cific Railway, Alberta, Canada. Bathyuriscus (Poliella) sp. undt. (1) ..-.---sseee ees e ener eects t tess 355 Fic. 7. (Natural size.) Top view of pygidium. U. S. National Mu- seum, Catalogue No. 62627. From locality 35e, Lower Cambrian: Mount Whyte formation, Lakes Louise and Agnes Cambrian section; amphitheatre between Popes Peak and Mount Whyte, south of Lake Agnes, south of Laggan, on the Canadian Pacific Railway, in western Alberta, Canada. Bathyuriscus (Poliella) caranus Walcott ......--. So 1aene AueIse =e se One: 350 Fic. 8. (<4.) An entire dorsal shield exclusive of the free cheeks. This is the type specimen of the species. U. S. National Museum, Catalogue No. 62628. From locality 55c, Middle Cambrian: Spence shale member of the Ute formation; about 50 feet (15.2m.) above the Brigham quartzite, and 2,755 feet (839.7 m.) below the Upper Cambrian, 1n a ravine running up into Danish Flat from Mill Canyon, about 6 miles west-southwest of Liberty and 15 miles west of Montpelier, Bear Lake County, Idaho. 410 SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS VOL. DESCRIPTION OF PLATE Ta Bathyurisews hozwella Walcott 2.21 .ccen caer 2 oct ator ee ieee anes Fic. 1. (X2.) Type specimen of the species. The pleural lobes are flattened a little in the shale. U. S. National Museum, Catalogue No. 15457. 1a. (XX 2.) Cranidium partly crushed in the shale. U.S. National Museum, Catalogue No. 15457a. 1b. ( 2.) Pygidium partly crushed in the shale. U.S. National Museum, Catalogue No. 15457). The specimens represented by figs. 1, 1a-b are from the same layer of very fine arenaceous shale. 1 and Ia were illustrated on plate 30, figs. 2, 2a, in 1886 (Bull. U. S. Geol. Surv., No. 30). From locality 31, Middle Cambrian: Chisholm shales, at the Chisholm Mine, southwest slope of Ely Mountains, 3 miles (4.8 km.) northwest of Pioche, Lincoln County, Nevada. Bathyuriscus rotunaaius Gx omingen) eases eee eee ee eee Fic. 2. (1.5.) A dorsal shield that has been elongated by lateral compression in the shale. The free cheeks are restored in outline U.S. National Museum, Catalogue No. 62629. This figure was used-on plate 4, fig. 2, in 1908 (Canadian Alpine Jout.) Vol. 2. Nox): 2a. (X1.5.) 7 — | -_ om’ . 7 > alae _* a co 7 oe. 2 —_— ae NO. 5 CAMBRIAN TRILOBITES 417 Bathyuriscus adeus Walcott—Continued. PAGE 3c. (X<2.) Thoracic segments. U. S. National Museum, Cata- logue No. 62634. The specimens represented by figs. 3, 3a-c are from locality 58i, Middle Cambrian: Stephen formation about 1,900 feet (579 m.) above the Lower Cambrian and 3,100 feet (945 m.) below the Upper Cambrian, near the base of the limestone forming 2 of the Stephen formation, on the east side of Mount Stephen about 3,000 feet (914 m.) above the Canadian Pacific Railway track (north of the tunnel), 3 miles (4.8 km.) east of Field, British Columbia, Canada. PUEUGrILCUS. © DUIS NV AICOtt . ass ec be ch ce aoe as oe ation ce tee los 340 Fic. 4. (Natural size.) Cranidium somewhat crushed in the argil- laceous shale. U. S. National Museum, Catalogue No. 62635. 4a. (Natural size.) Fragment of a large pygidium. U.S. National Museum, Catalogue No. 62636. The specimens represented by figs. 4 and 4a are from locality 55c, Middle Cambrian: Spence shale member of the Ute formation; about 50 feet (15.2 m.) above the Brigham quartzite, and 2,755 feet (839.7 m.) below the Upper Cambrian, in a ravine running up into Danish Flat from Mill Canyon, about 6 miles (9.6 km.) west-south- west of Liberty and 15 miles (24.2 km.) west of Montpelier, Bear Lake County, Idaho. 418 SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS VOL. 64 DESCRIPTION OF PLATE 48 Bathyuriscus anax Walcott: 2. 2:2. 0. 6 «+22 « se nee oe ee eee ee 335 Fic. I. ( 1.25.) Dorsal shield flattened in fine arenaceous shale. U. S. National Museum, Catalogue No. 62637. 1a. (Natural size.) Cranidium flattened in shale. U. S. National Museum, Catalogue No. 62638. 1b. (Natural size.) Cranidium compressed and elongated in the shale. U.S. National Museum, Catalogue No. 62641. (30a.) Ic. (X2.) Pygidium flattened in shale. U. S. National Museum, Catalogue No. 62630. 1d. (X3.) Hypostoma partly restored from an associated speci- men. U.S. National Museum, Catalogue No. 62640. The specimens represented by figs. I, 1a, Ic, and Id are from locality 55e, Middle Cambrian: Spence shale horizon of the Ute formation; about 100 feet (30.5 m.) above the Brigham quartzite, at the mouth of the first small canyon south of Wasatch Canyon, east of Lakeview Ranch, Boxelder County, Utah. The specimen represented by fig. 1b is from locality 30a, Middle Cambrian: Shale on north side of Big Cottonwood Canyon, 1 mile (1.6 km.) below Argenta, in the Wasatch Mountains southeast of Salt Lake City, Salt Lake County, Utah. Bathyuriscus-atossa~ Walcott. a2ens-c-e eee eee eee eee 336 Fic. 2. (X 1.5.) A very fine dorsal shield flattened in argillaceous shale. U.S. National Museum, Catalogue No. 62642. 2a. (X2.) Cranidium. Note spine on occipital ring. U. S. National Museum, Catalogue No. 62643. 2b. (X3.) Cranidium. U. S. National Museum, Catalogue No. 62644. The specimens represented by figs. 2, 2a-b are -from locality 55c, Middle Cambrian: Spence shale member of the Ute formation; about 50 feet (15.2 m.) above the Brigham quartzite, and 2,755 feet (839.7 m.) below the Upper Cambrian, in a ravine running up into Danish Flat from Mill Canyon, about 6 miles (9.6 km.) west-south- west of Liberty and 15 miles (24.2 km.) west of Montpelier, Bear Lake County, Idaho. Bathyuriscus (Poliella) splla Walcott: 25. ms «sacs acceeeeee ene 354 Fic. 3. (X2.) Cranidium and free cheek. U. S. National Museum. Catalogue No. 62645. 3a. (X 2.) Four thoracic segments and pygidium. U. S. National Museum, Catalogue No. 62646. 3b. (xX 1.5.) Free cheek. U.S. National Museum, Catalogue No. 62647. 3c. (X2.) Free cheek. U. S. National Museum, Catalogue No. 62648. PL. 48 NO. 5, VOL. 64, SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS Nl BATHYURISCUS NO. 5 CAMBRIAN TRILOBITES 419 Bathyuriscus (Poliella)} sylla Walcott—Continued. PAGE 3d. (X3.) Pygidium. U. S. National Museum, Catalogue No. 62649. — 3e. (XX 3.) A small cranidium showing glabellar furrows. U. S. National Museum, Catalogue No. 62650. 3f. (xX 3.) Hypostoma with ears restored in outline. U. S. National Museum, Catalogue No. 62651. The specimens represented by figs. 3, 3a-f are from locality 610, Middle Cambrian: Chetang formation; gray shaiy limestone in massive beds; on northeast slope of Chetang Cliffs above Coleman Glacier Creek, 7 miles (11.2 km.) north-northeast in direct line from summit of Robson Peak, northwest of Yellowhead Pass, western Alberta, Canada. aN RES GIES, VOLESe VVAICOLE k,s.c70 sear dacs e's 3 qe denials aoe «@enaGias alee ee as 337 Fic. 4. (Natural size.) Natural casts of distorted and compressed specimens in a fine quartzitic sandstone. U. S. National Museum, Catalogue No. 62652. 4a. (Natural size.) Dorsal shield, broadened by flattening in ma- trix. U. S. National Museum, Catalogue No. 62653. The specimens represented by figs. 4 and 4a are from locality 59p, Lower Cambrian: Millers Mountain, 10 miles (16 km.) north of Columbus and west of Belleville, Esmeralda County, Nevada. 420 SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS VOL. DESCRIPTION OF PLATE 49 Bathyuriscus Ch otella) balus Walcott .. ascetic ceric eerste ree Fic. 1. (X<2.) Diagrammatic outline restored from distorted and compressed specimens. ta. (Natural size.) Diagrammatic outline from a distorted dorsal shield preserving the median spine of the thorax. U. S. National Museum, Catalogue No. 62654. 1b. (X2.) Cranidium. U. S. National Museum, Catalogue No. 62655. F Ic. ( 2.) Broken cranidium and compressed thoracic segments. U. S. National Museum, Catalogue No. 62656. Id. (X2.) Crushed cranidium. U. S. National Museum, Cata- logue No. 62657. te. (Natural size.) Laterally compressed dorsal shield. U. S. National Museum, Catalogue No. 62658. + if. ( 2.) Dorsal shield longitudinally compressed. U. S. Na- tional Museum, Catalogue No. 62650. Ig. (> 2.) Dorsal shield obliquely compressed and distorted. U.S. National Museum, Catalogue No. 62660. All the specimens represented by figs. I. Ia-g, are casts in a fine argillaceo-arenaceous shale, at localities 48, 48d, Middle ? Cam- brian: York ? formation; City of York, York County, Pennsylvania. Bathyuriscus bantiws Walcott... s2-see ne ore aoe eae eee Fic. 2. (2.) Cranidium. U. S. National Museum, Catalogue No. 62661. 2a. (X2.) Pygidium associated with specimen represented by fig. 2. U.S. National Museum, Catalogue No. 62662. 2b. (X2.) Associated hypostoma. U. S. National Museum, Catalogue No. 62663. 2c. (Natural size.) A large associated pygidium. U. S. National Museum, Catalogue No. 62664. (11.) The specimens represented by figs. 2, 2a-b, are from a shaly sand- stone of locality r2b, Middle Cambrian: Rome formation; 12 miles (19.3 km.) northeast of Knoxville; and fig. 2c, from the same for- mation (locality 11), 1 mile (1.6km.) east of Post Oak Springs, Roane County, both in Tennessee. Bathyuriscus sp: tindt.. (Ci) aicseeer eco ees Oe Oe ee eee Fic. 3. (X2.) Cranidium. U. S. National Museum, Catalogue No. 2665. 3a. (Natural size.) Pygidium. U. S. National Museum, Cata- logue No. 62666. The specimens represented by figs. 3 and ga are from locality 16e, Middle Cambrian: Shales of Conasauga formation; railway cut 1 mile (1.6km.) southwest of Piedmont, Calhoun County, Ala- bama. 64 336 348 SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS VOL. 64, NO. 5, PL. 49 BATHYURISCUS NO. 5 CAMBRIAN TRILOBITES 421 PAGE Bathyuriscus manchuriensis Walcott .....2...2 02.00. ccece ccc cceccecees 344 Fic. 4. (X3.) Pygidium. U. S. National Museum, Catalogue No. 58273. 4a, 4b. (X3.) Cranidia flattened in argillaceous shale. These two cranidia are on a piece of shale recorded in U. S. Na- tional Museum Catalogue as No. 57587. 4c. (X3.) Thoracic segment. U. S. National Museum, Cata- logue No. 58272. The specimens illustrated by figs. 4, 4a-ca are from locality 36h, Middle Cambrian: Fu-chou series, argillaceous shales, Liau-tung, Manchuria, China. The above figures are reproduced from plate 23, figs. 2, 2b, and 2c of Cambrian Faunas of China (Carnegie Inst. of Washington, Re- search in China, Vol. 3, 1913). 422 SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS VOL. DESCRIPTION OF PLATE 50 Bathyurtscus belesis Walcott \.. <2 2.0. Ts ve. « oes eee oie oe cele we etek Ste ae te Fic. 1. (Natural size.) Cranidium compressed in shale. U. S. Na- tional Museum, Catalogue No. 62667.. ta. (Natural size.) Associated free cheek. U. S. National Mu- seum, Catalogue No. 62668. 1b. (XX 4.) Small cranidium. U. S. National Museum, Catalogue No. 626609. (< 2.) Dorsal view and profile of a small pygidium. U. S. National Museum, Catalogue No. 62670. 1d. (X2.) A more elongate pygidium than that represented by fig. 1c. U.S. National Museum, Catalogue No. 62671. te, Ie. (X6.) A small associated pygidium (and side outline) that has well-defined furrows on the pleural lobes. -U. S. National Museum, Catalogue No. 62672. If. (X2.) Hypostoma. U. S. National Museum, Catalogue No. 62673. tg. (X2.) Posterior portion of an hypostoma. U. S. National Museum, Catalogue No. 62674. th, 1%. (X2.) Portions of thoracic segments. U. S. National Museum, Catalogue Nos. 62675, 62676. ’ UG Ge All of the specimens illustrated by figs. 1, Ia-i, are flattened in a fine Lower ? Cambrian argillaceo-arenaceous shale that occurs at locality 4v, Gordon Creek, Powell County, Montana. Bathyuriscus Delws Walcott vac. imlocte cies iste icles eerie hee eee Fic. 2. (2.) Cranidium that has lost much of its convexity by being crushed in the shale. U. S. National Museum, Catalogue No. 62677. 2a. (X2.) Acranidium preserving the postero-lateral limbs. U. S. National Museum, Catalogue No. 62678. 2b. (*4.) A small associated pygidium. U.S. National Museum, Catalogue No. 62679. 2c. (Natural size.) Matrix of a large pygidium. U. S. National Museum, Catalogue No. 62680. 2d. (X 4.) Associated hypostoma on rock with specimen repre- sented by fig. 2b. U.S. National Museum, Catalogue No. 62681. The specimens represented by figs. 2, 2a-d, are more or less flat- tened in a fine arenaceo-argillaceous shale at locality 4w, Lower ? Cambrian: Youngs Creek, Powell County, Montana. Dolichometopus suecicus Angelin’ ac. sneer eee eee eee Fics. 3, 3’. (Natural size.) Dorsal and side views of a cranidium re- taining a portion of the outer test. U. S. National Mu- seum, Catalogue No. 62682. 64 339 372 SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS VOL 164, NO=75, PES .50 CAMBRIAN TRILOBITES NO. 5 CAMBRIAN TRILOBITES 423 Dolichometopus suecicus Angelin—Continued. PAGE 3a. (Natural size.) Dorsal view of a cranidium from which the outer surface has been exfoliated. U. S. National Mu- seum, Catalogue No. 62683. 3b. (X 3.) Dorsal view of a pygidium associated with the cra- nidium of this species. U.S. National Museum, Catalogue No. 62684. The specimens represented by figs. 3, 3’, 3a-b’, are from locality 8w, Middle Cambrian: Limestones of Parado.vides forchhammeri zone at Andrarum, Sweden. 4, 4a. (Natural size.) Reproduction of figures by Matthew, which were drawn from Angelin’s type specimen now in the Museum at Stockholm. (Trans. Roy. Soc. Canada. 2d Sets VOla 3) 16075. ee: A, plessh ties 70,070.) 424 SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS VOL. 64 DESCRIPTION OF PLATE 51 Dolichometopus tontoensis Walcott . 2.2.2.2 252 cde ae eae wes ee 373 Fic. 1. (Natural size.) A nearly complete dorsal shield, showing en- larged fifth segment. U.S. National Museum, Catalogue No. 62685. ta. (Natural size.) A broken dorsal shield, with median nodes on thoracic segments. U.S. National Museum, Catalogue No. 62686. The specimens represented by figs. 1 and 1a are from locality 74e, Middle Cambrian: Bright Angel shales; Grand Canyon, Arizona. 1b. (Natural size.) Hypostoma and side profile. U. S. National Museum, Catalogue No. 62687. tc. (Natural size.) Small convex cranidium.’ U. S. National Museum, Catalogue No. 62688. 1d. (Natural size.) Cranidium. U.S. National Museum, Catalogue No. 62680. 1d. (X2.) -Free cheek. U. S. National Museum, Catalogue No. 62690. 1d”. (Natural size.) Free cheek. U. S. National Museum, Cata- logue No. 62601. te. (Natural size.) Thoracic segment. Right half restored. U.S. National Museum, Catalogue No. 626092. tf. (Natural size.) Large pygidium. U.S. National Museum, Cata- logue No. 62693. 1g, 1g’. (Natural size.) Dorsal and side views of a pygidium. U.S. National Museum, Catalogue No. 62694. th. (Natural size.) Small pygidium. U. S. National Museum, Catalogue No. 62695. The specimens represented by figs. 1b-h occur as casts in a hard gray sandstone and retain most of their natural convexity. They are from locality 74, Middle Cambrian: Tapeats sandstone; Nun- koweap Valley, Grand Canyon, Arizona. Dolichometopus baton Walcott s-no-.e-.2 elec ni eee ioe eee eee 362 Fic. 2. ( 2.) Broken dorsal shield, partly restored. U. S. National Museum, Catalogue No. 626096. 2a. (X3.) Imperfect dorsal shield with hypostoma showing beneath the glabella. U. S. National Museum, Catalogue No. 62697. 2b. (2.) Cranidium with free cheeks outlined. U. S. National Museum, Catalogue No. 62608. The specimens represented by figs. 2, 2a-b are from a fine argil- laceous shale at locality 3i, Middle Cambrian: Wolsey ? shale; 6 miles (9.6 km.) west-northwest of Scapegoat Mountain, Powell County, Montana. 64, NO. 5, PL. 51 VOL. SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS DOLICHOMETOPUS NO. 5 CAMBRIAN TRILOBITES Dolichometopus ? bessus Walcott A cehetena ariel e\(s.19 (ele! a le)s (¢ (6 eiipite, © @\ (e's) a 1a\/a! sin) \a8) 0, a) 6: al/al te Fic. 3. (xX 2.5.) Broken dorsal shield, showing characters of species. U. S. National Museum, Catalogue No. 62699. 3a. (X2.) Pygidium. U. S. National Museum, Catalogue No. 62700. 3b. (X2.) Cephalon and hypostoma in position. U. S. National Museum, Catalogue No. 62701. 3c. (xX 2.) Matrix of the specimen represented by fig. 3b. The specimens represented by figs. 3, 3a-b are flattened in a fine argillaceous shale from locality 621, Middle Cambrian: Sixteen Mile Canyon, Meagher County, Montana. 426 SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS VOL. DESCRIPTION OF PLATE 52 Dolichometopus boccar Walcott. (2.22% - ees slstoteneeiniate atte ee ier ee Fic. 1. (Natural size.) Matrix of a dorsal shield, flattened in very fine arenaceous or siliceous shale. U. S. National Museum, Catalogue No. 62702. From locality 14s, Middle Cambrian: Stephen formation; Mount Stephen, British Columbia, Canada. ta. (Natural size.) Partially restored figure of a dorsal shield. U. S. National Museum, Catalogue No. 62703. 1b. (Natural size.) Cranidium embedded in compact limestone. U. S. National Museum, Catalogue No. 62704. 1c. (Natural size.) Cranidium flattened in shaly limestone. U. S. National Museum, Catalogue No. 62705. 1d. (x 4.) Hypostoma. U. S. National Museum, Catalogue No. 62706. te. (Natural size.) Pygidium and five thoracic segments flattened in shaly limestone. U.S. National Museum, Catalogue No. 62707. if, if. (2.) Dorsal and side views of a pygidium preserved in compact limestone. U.S. National Museum, Catalogue No. 62708. The specimens represented by figs. 1a-f are from limestone at locality 57g, Middle Cambrian: Stephen formation; Mount Bos- worth, British Columbia, Canada. Dolichometopus. bron, Walcott)... 4.20 e eee ee eee ene eee eee ee eEe ree Fic. 2. (X1.5.) Cranidium. U.S. National Museum, Catalogue No. 62700. 2a. (Natural size.) Matrix of a pygidium. U.S. National Museum, Catalogue No. 62710. 2b. (Natural size.) A large pygidium. U. S. National Museum, Catalogue No. 62711. 2c. (3 3.) A small pygidium enlarged. U.S. National Museum, Catalogue No. 62712. The specimens represented by figs. 2, 2a-c occur in a fine argil- laceous shale at locality 55c, Middle Cambrian: Spence shale; 15 miles (24 km.) west of Montpelier, Idaho. 64 363 PL. 52 5; 64, NO. VOL SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS DOLICHOMETOPUS RR EAS Ai er ee ak SS 7a. = re 1 2 g : é ; 3 ' 5 S ; oe . 1 E 4 is = ; = ‘ ; ; a a aN bo oe) SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS VOL. 64 DESCRIPTION OF PLATE 53 Dolichometopus acadicus Matthew .........-.20 see cence ence ence eens 360 Fic. & (> 2.) Cranidium. ta. (X2.) Outline of cranidium. 1b. (X2.) Free cheek. tic. (X2.) Associated pygidium. The above figures are reproduced from Matthew (Trans. Roy. Soc. Canada, 2d ser., Vol. 3, Sec. 4, 1807, pl. 3, figs. 6, 6a-d). The type specimens are in the collection of Dr. George F. Matthew, St. John, New Brunswick, Canada. Locality, Hastings Cove, New Brunswick, Canada. Dolichometopus productus (Hall and Whitfield) ...............-+4------ 360 Fic. 2. (Natural size.) Figure of a dorsal shield drawn from several specimens. The portion below the diagonal line is one piece. U. S. National Museum, Catalogue No. 15459. This figure was published by me in 1886 (Bull. U. S. Geol. Surv., No. 30, pl. 30, fig. It). 2a. (Natural size.) Crushed and distorted cranidium. U. S. Na- tional Museum, Catalogue No. 15456a. 2b. (Natural size.) Crushed and distorted free cheek. U.S. Na- tional Museum, Catalogue No. 15456). 2c. (Natural size.) Crushed and distorted pygidium and seven thoracic segments. U.S. National Museum, Catalogue No. 15456c. 2d. (Natural size.) Crushed and distorted pygidium. U. S. Na- tional Museum, Catalogue No. 15456d. 2e. (Natural size.) Crushed and distorted pygidium. U. S. Na- tional Museum, Catalogue No. 15456e. The specimens represented by figs. 2a-e are the types illustrated by Hall and Whitfield on plate 2, figs. 31, 32, 33, 34, of the species producta and fig. 34 of the species parabola (Geol. Expl. 4oth Par., Vol. 4, 1877). The specimen represented by fig. 2 is from locality 3c, Middle Cambrian: above Ophir City; and those by figs. 2a-e are from East Canyon, both in Oquirrh Range, Utah. 3. (Natural size.) Pygidium. U. S. National Museum, Cata- logue No. 15455a. 3a. (Natural size.) Cranidium. U. S. National Museum, Cata- logue No. 15455b. NO. 5, PL. 53 VOL. 64, SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS DOLICHOMETOPUS 10 Ns 5) CAMBRIAN TRILOBITES 420 Dolichometopus productus (Hall and Whitfield) —Continued. PAGE 3b. (X2.) Hypostoma. U. S. National Museum, Catalogue No. 15455¢. The specimens represented by figs. 3, 3a-b are from locality 31, Middle Cambrian: Chisholm shale, Ely Mountains, Nevada. The two figures were first published in 1886 (Bull. U.S. Geol. Surv., No. 30, pl. 30, figs. tc, 1d). 4. (X3.) Small dorsal shield. U. S. National Museum, Cata- logue No. 62713. 4a. (X2.) Medium sized dorsal shield. By error the front of the glabella was shaded in so as to make it too wide. It has about the same outline as the glabella of figure 4. U. S. National Museum, Catalogue No. 62714. The specimens represented by figs. 4, 4a occur in a fine arena- ceous shale at locality 74e, Middle Cambrian: Bright Angel shale; Grand Canyon, Arizona. Dolichometopus ? expansus (Walcott) ..........0..ceceeceeccecceauces Figs. 5,5@. (X2.) Dorsal view and side outline of a cranidium which is the type and only specimen of the species. U.S. National Museum, Catalogue No. 15450. The specimen was illustrated on plate 9, fig. 19, by Walcott (Monogr. U. S. Geol. Surv., Vol. 8, 1884). The specimen came from locality 55b, Middle Cambrian: EI- dorado limestone: Secret Canyon, Eureka District, Nevada. 308 430 SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS VOL. 64 DESCRIPTION OF PLATE 54 Dolichometopuss(?).dedss Walcott: 224,.:).).0a2 Sees ee Maes ieee Fic. 1. ( 2.) Cranidium crushed down and flattened in shale. U. S. National Museum, Catalogue No. 58235. 1a. (2.) Free cheek associated with the specimen represented by fig. 1. U.S. National Museum, Catalogue No. 58237. 1b. (2.) Matrix of a pygidium associated in the same shale with the specimen represented by fig. 1. U. S. National Museum, Catalogue No. 58238. Ic. (X2.) Pygidium with test removed, associated in shale with specimens represented by figs. 1, 1a, and 1b. U.S. National Museum, Catalogue No. 582309. All of the specimens represented by figs. I, Ia-c, are in argilla- ceous shale;from locality 35 0, Middle Cambrian: Fu-chou series, Liau-tung, Manchuria, China. [See Research in China, Pub. No. 54, Carnegie Inst. of Washington, Vol. 3, 1913, Walcott, Cambrian Faunas of China, pl. 21, figs. 13, 13b, 13¢ and 13d, respectively.] id. (1.5.) Cranidium referred to Bathyuriscus asiaticus Lorenz, by Lorenz. This occurs in shaly limestone. Plas- totype U. S. National Museum, Catalogue No. 58539. Col- lected by Dr. Th. Lorenz at Wang-tschuang, Shan-tung, aa [See Walcott, Cambrian Faunas of China, pl. 22, fig. 2b. te, te’. (X2.) Dorsal view and side outline of a cranidium. U. S. National Museum, Catalogue No: 58242. From local- ity © 57, Middle Cambrian: Kiu-lung group, south of Kao- kia-p’u, Shan-tung, China. [See Walcott, Cambrian Faunas of China, pl. 22, fig. 10.] if, if’. (2.) Dorsal view and side outline of a cranidium. From locality Cx, Middle Cambrian: Kiu-lung group, 2 miles (3.2km.) south of Yen-chuang, Shan-tung, China. U. S. National Museum, Catalogue No. 58240. [See Walcott, Cambrian Faunas of China, pl. 22, fig. 1.] 1g. (> 3.) Free cheek, associated with specimen represented by fig. 1f. U.S. National Museum, Catalogue No. 58241. [See Walcott, Cambrian Faunas of China, pl. 22, fig. 1a.] th. (X3.) Hypostoma associated with specimen represented by fig. te. U.S. National Museum, Catalogue No. 58243. From locality © 57, Middle Cambrian: Kiu-lung group, south of Kao-kia-p’u, Shan-tung, China. [See Walcott, Cambrian Faunas of China, pl. 22, fig. 1c.] (Natural size.) Dorsal view and side outline of a pygidium from locality C 4, in limestone, a little below the layer from which the specimen represented by fig. 1f was collected. U. S. National Museum, Catalogue No. 58248. [See Wal- cott, Cambrian Faunas of China, pl. 22, fig. 1h.] ij. (10.) Cranidium of a young individual associated with specimen represented by fig. te. (C57.) U.S. National Museum, Catalogue No. 58246. [See Walcott, Cambrian Faunas of China, pl. 22, fig. 1f.] tk, 11. (15.) Nepionic stages in the development of a trilobite, probably of this species. From locality C57, Middle Cam- brian: Kiu-lung group, south of Kao-kia-p’u, Shan-tung, China. U.S. National Museum, Catalogue Nos. 58244 and 58245. [See Walcott, Cambrian Faunas of China, pl. 22, figs. Id and Te.] * ‘Pat we 64, NO. 5, PL. 54 VOL. SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS CCLLECTIONS DOLICHOMETOPUS ; NO. 5 CAMBRIAN TRILOBITES 431 Dolichometopus (?) deois Walcott—Continued. PAGE 1m. (X3.) Thoracic segment, associated with the specimen rep- resented by fig. re. (C57.) U.S. National Museum, Cata- logue No. Se [See Walcott, Cambrian Faunas of China, pl. 22, fig. Ig. 2. (<1.5.) Photograph of one of the fragments of limestone collected by Dr. Th. Lorenz at Wang-tschuang, Shan-tung, China. The pygidia were referred to Bathyuriscus asiaticus Lorenz, by Lorenz, and the cranidia on the other side of the same piece of shaly limestone to the same species. (See fig. 1d above.) Plastotype. U.S. National Museum, Catalogue No. 58538. [See Lorenz, Zeits. deuts. geol. Gesells., Vol. 58, 1906, pl. 5, figs. 1-5. Also Walcott, Cambrian Faunas of China, pl. 22, fig. 2.] Motehametapas(< )alceste: WWalCOtt . 6 e-ciecces.0 es cies Seis 2 os Ba) shee oe ae wate 301 Fics. 3, 3’. ( 2.) Type specimen showing parts of cranidium in front of occipital furrow; with side outline of same. From local- ity C 4, Middle Cambrian: MKiu-lung group, south of Yen- chuang, Shan-tung, China. U.S. National Museum, Cata- logue No. 58249. [See Walcott, Cambrian Faunas of China, Di ee, Ines Bh eyo) 3a. (Natural size.) Free cheek associated with this species at lo- cality C4. U.S. National Museum, Catalogue No. 58250. [See Walcott, Cambrian Faunas of China, pl. 22, fig. 3a.] 3b, 3b’. (X1.5.) Pygidium associated with this species a little lower in the section (C1). U.S. National Museum, Cata- logue No. 58251. [See Walcott, Cambrian Faunas of China, pleze, fiesasb) 3b al Dalichomerapus(<) derceto: Walcott -. 25-202. e ice. 2 sie oe eens Je eee 367 Fics. 4, 4’. (X<3.) Type specimen showing portions of the cranidium ; and side outline of same. From locality C xr, Middle Cam- brian: Kiu-lung group, south of Yen- chuang, Shan-tung, Chinay Wes: National Museum, Catalogue No. 58252. [See Walcott, Cambrian Faunas of China, pl. 22, figs. 4, 4. | 4a, 4a’. (X3.) Fragment of a pygidium (and side outline ) from locality C 2, just above the locality of specimen represented by fig. 4. U. S. National Museum, Catalogue No. 58253. [See Walcott, Cambrian Faunas of China, pl. 22, figs. 4a, 4a’.] ID GlaCWO VETO Puss (2) MLE CED WialGotten cane oehseiel so < a) Cranrdium. ta. (X4.) Side view of cranidium represented by fig. 1. 1b. (X4.) A small pygidium associated with cranidia of this - species. The above figures are from Gronwall, plate 4, figs. 3a, 3b, who illustrated the type specimens of Angelin, which are now in the Museum at Stockholm. They come from the Paradoxides forch- hammeri zone, Andrarum limestone at Andrarum, Sweden. Corynexochus bornholmiensis Gronwall ....2...0cesee scene ceeeecc cece 313 Fics. 2, 2a. (4.) Dorsal and side views of the typical cranidium. 2b. (X4.). Pygidium associated with the cranidium represented by figs. 2, 2a. The above figures are from Gronwall, plate 4, figs. 1a, 1b, 2. The type specimens are in the Mineralogical Museum [at Stockholm?]. They came from the Agnostus nathorsti zone of the Middle Cam- brian limestone of Bornholm Island. Corynexochus delages Miquel; 22. Soc. 0.% = Su niahialeine #0 oe ee aps wi ele ete 317 Fic. 3. (<< 4.) Cranidium laterally compressed and distorted. U. S. National Museum, Catalogue No. 62715. 3a. (X4.) Pygidium compressed and distorted. U. S. National Museum, Catalogue No. 62716. The specimens represented by figs. 3, 3a are from locality 152d, Middle Cambrian: calcareous shale of Coulouma, Hérault, France. Corynexochus clavaius (Walcott) « «2.00000 occ awwns eee nes sein ieee 316 Fics. 4, 4’. (X6.) Dorsal and side views of the type specimen of cranidium. U.S. National Museum, Catalogue No. 17454a. 4a. (12.) Diagrammatic figure based on several specimens of the cranidium. This figure is the same as that published in 1887, American Jour. Sci., Vol. 34, plate 1, fig. 3; idem, 1891, Tenth Ann. Rept., U. S. Geol. Surv., plate 08, fig. 4. : 4b. (X6.) A minute cranidium. U.S. National Museum, Cata- logue No. 17454b. The specimens represented by figs. 4, 4b are from the Lower Cam- brian limestone of localities 38a and 43a, Washington County, New York. Corynexochus stephenensis (Walcott)) sen. a... - cls 1s seer 324 Fics. 5, 5a. (2.) Nearly entire dorsal shield with the free cheeks restored from other specimens and matrix of same. U. S. National Museum, Catalogue No. 61731. From locality 14s, Middle Cambrian: Stephen formation; Mount Stephen, British Columbia, Canada. This is the same figure as that of pl. 3, fig. 4 (Canadian Alpine Jour., Vol. 1, 1908) and fig. 8, pl. 36 (Smithsonian Misc. Coll., Vol. 64, 1915). It is reproduced here in order that direct comparison may be made with other species of Corynexochus. SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS VOL. 64, NO. 5, PL. 55 CORYNEXOCHUS NO. 5 CAMBRIAN TRILOBITES 433 Corynexochus stephenensis (Walcott )—Continued. PAGE 5b. (8.) A minute cranidium tentatively referred to this species. U. S. National Museum, Catalogue No. 62717. From locality 35k, Middle Cambrian: Burgess shale; 1 mile (1.6 km.) northeast of Burgess Pass, British Columbia, Canada. 5c. (X2.) Matrix of cranidium. U.S. National Museum, Cata- logue No. 62718. From locality 14s, Middle Cambrian: Stephen formation; Mount Stephen, British Columbia, Canada. IE DAETOPNUS PINOT (NV AICO)! oes s ccc centres owen ce nsecendenene tans 319 Fic. 6. (> 6.) Group of specimens on a fragment of shale. U. S. National Museum, Catalogue No. 26703. 6a. (8.) Form of hypostoma abundantly associated with this _ species. U.S. National Museum, Catalogue No. 62719. 6b. (X8.) Small dorsal shield with three thoracic segments. U.S. National Museum, Catalogue No. 61730. The specimens represented by figs. 6, 6b were illustrated by figs. 7, 7b, plate 36, Smithsonian Misc. Coll., Vol. 64, 1915. 6c, 6d. (8.) Cranidia illustrating variation in form from small specimens 0.5 mm. in length to adult size. U. S. National Museum, Catalogue Nos. 6c, 62720, and 6d, 62721. ‘The specimens represented by figs. 6, 6a-d are from locality 1, Middle Cambrian: Manuels River, above Conception Bay, near Topsail Head, Newfoundland. Corynexochus senectus (Billings) (see pl. 56, figs. 1, 1a-g). . 319 Fics. 7, 7. (X3-) Dorsal and side views of a sattially? extoliaed cranidium, with slight indication of lateral glabellar fur- rows. U. S. National Museum, Catalogue No. 62722 7a, 7a’. (%X3.) An associated pygidium that has been slightly elongated. U.S. National Museum, Catalogue No. 62723. 7b. (X3.) Associated pygidium, partly flattened by compression. U. S. National Museum, Catalogue No. 62724. zc. (4.) Associated hypostoma. U.S. National Museum, Cata- logue No. 62725. The specimens represented by figs. 7a-b are from locality 61d, Lower Cambrian: Mount Whyte formation; southwest slope of Mount Shaffer, British Columbia, Canada. 434 SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS VOL. 64 DESCRIEDION OF PEATE SSS PAGE Corynexochus senectus (Billings) (see pl. 55, figs. 7, 7a-c).............. 319 , Fics. 1, 1. (X3.) Dorsal view and side outline of cranidium with most of test exfoliated. U.S. National Museum, Catalogue No. 62726. ta, 1b. (X5.) Small cranidia somewhat distorted. U.S. National Museum, Catalogue Nos. 62727, 62728. Ic, Ic. (X4.) Cranidia shortened by slight distortion, with side outline of the longest one. U.S. National Museum, Cata- logue No. 62720. 1d. (X6.) Associated hypostoma. U.S. National Museum, Cata- logue No. 62730. 1e,tIe. (XX 4.) Dorsal and side view of a pygidium. U.S. National Museum, Catalogue No. 62731. if. (4.) Fragment of a pygidium showing an antero-lateral spine and a trace of a second spine back of it. U.S. Na- tional Museum, Catalogue No. 62732. tg. (4.) Small pygidium. U. S. National Museum, Catalogue No. 62733. The specimens represented by figs. 1, Ia-g, are from limestone at locality 411, Lower Cambrian: Bonne Bay, Newfoundland. Corynexochus bubaris Walcott scene nee One eee eee eee RIGS eee / (< 3.) Dorsal and side view of a laterally compressed cranidium. U.S. National Museum, Catalogue No. 62734. 2a. (X3.) Side view of a convex cranidium. U. S. National Museum, Catalogue No. 62735. 2b. (X8.) Ridged surface of a glabella. U.S. National Museum, Catalogue No. 62736. The specimens represented by figs. 2, 2a-b are from limestone at locality 20, Lower Cambrian: Bic Harbor, Quebec, Canada. 3, 3. (X2.) Dorsal and side view of a large cranidium. U. S. National Museum, Catalogue No. 62737. 3a. (> 3.) Free cheek with outline of spine restored from another specimen. U.S. National Museum, Catalogue No. 62738. 3b, 3b’, 3b”. (X<3.) Dorsal, side and front views of a very perfect and convex cranidium. U.S. National Museum, Catalogue No. 62739. 3c, 3c’. (X3.) Dorsal and side view of a cranidium shortened by distortion. U. S. National Museum, Catalogue No. 62740. 3d, 3d’. (X2.) Dorsal and side view of a large pygidium. U. S. National Museum, Catalogue No. 62741. 314 64, NO. 5. PL. 56 VOL. SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS CORYNEXOCHUS NO. 5 CAMBRIAN TRILOBITES 435 Corynexochus bubaris Walcott—Continued. PAGE 3e. (X2.) Pen and ink sketch of five thoracic segments and pygi- dium. The original specimen has crumbled on the surface so that it cannot be photographed. U.S. National Museum, Catalogue No. 62742. 3f. (X4.) Hypostoma. U. S. National Museum, Catalogue No. 62743. The specimens represented by figs. 3, 3a-g are from a leached calcareous sandstone at locality 49, Lower Cambrian: near Emigs- ville, York County, Pennsylvania. 436 SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS VOL. 64 DESCRIPTION OF PLATEss7 Tic. 1. (X 10.) Enlargement of cranidium shown by 1), to illustrate surface. 1b, 1b’. ( 3.) Dorsal and side views of a finely preserved cranid- ium. U.S. National Museum, Catalogue No. 62744. Ic, Ic. (X3-) Dorsal and side views of a pygidium. U. S. Na- tional Museum, Catalogue No. 62745. The specimens represented by figs. 1, 1b-c are from the limestone of locality 41k, Lower Cambrian: Forteau Bay, Labrador. Corynexochus (Bonnia) busa Walcott (see pl. 60, figs. 3, 3a-c)........... 326 Fic. ta. (X 10.) Enlargement of surface of specimen figured on pl. 60, fig. 3a. U.S. National Museum, Catalogue No. 62774. Gorynenochus icapito: Walcott, 3.220 --h-se eee chee Oe eee oe 315 Fics. 2,2’. (X 2.) Dorsal view and side outline of a convex cranidium. U. S. National Museum, Catalogue No. 62746. 2a, 2a’. (X1.5.) Pygidium (and side outline) associated with the specimen represented by fig. 2. U. S. National Museum, Catalogue No. 62747. The specimens represented by figs. 2, 2a occur in a leached cal- careous sandstone at locality 48b, Lower Cambrian: York forma- tion; roadside north of Highland Park, York, Pennsylvania. 2b. (xX 2.) Cranidium flattened by compression in shaly sandstone. U. S. National Museum, Catalogue No. 1542I!a. 2c, 2d. (X2.) Cranidia distorted by lateral compression. U. S. National Museum, Catalogue Nos. 15421), 1542Ic. 2e, 2e°. (X2.) Dersal and side views of a slightly compressed pygidium. U. S. National Museum, Catalogue No. 15421d. The specimens represented by figs. 2b, 2c-e are illustrated by Wal- cott on plate 31, figs. 2, 2a, 2b, Bull. U. S. Geol. Surv., No. 30, 1886, and later as indicated in synonymy of species. The specimens occur in an impure shaly sandstone at locality 25, Lower Cambrian: just above Parker’s quarry, Georgia, Franklin County, Vermont. Corynexochus. brennus Walcott sc 5.0 cemesee te ee eee 314 Tig. 3. (X< 4.) Dorsal view of the type specimen of the cranidium. U. S. National Museum, Catalogue No. 62748. 3a. (X2.) A larger pygidium of the same type as that represented by fig. 3b. U.S. National Museum, Catalogue No. 627409. 3b, 3b’. (< 4.) Dorsal view and side outline of a small pygidium associated with the specimens represented by figs. 3, 3a. U. S. National Museum, Catalogue No. 62750. The specimens represented by figs. 3, 3a-b are from a limestone boulder of the Bic conglomerate at locality 2 0, Lower Cambrian: Bic Harbor, Quebec, Canada. a SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS VOL, 64, NO. 5, PL. 57 CORYNEXOCHUS oS a ae NO. 5 CAMBRIAN TRILOBITES 437 Corynexochus (Bonnia) fieldensis (Walcott) ...............ccceceecnes 32 Fics. 4,4’. (X 3.) Dorsal and side views of the type cranidium. U. S. National Museum, Catalogue No. 62751. 4a, 4a’. (X 3.) Dorsal and side views of a pygidium associated with the cranidium represented by fig. 5. U.S. National Museum, Catalogue No. 62752. 4b. (X4.) Associated hypostoma. U.S. National Museum, Cata- logue No. 62753. The specimens represented by figs. 4, 4a-b are from the limestone of locality 35 1, Lower Cambrian: Ptarmigan Pass, Alberta, Canada. 438 SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS VOL. 64 DESCRIPTION OF PLATE 58 Asaphiscus wheelers'-Meelk 233.2... Sivas. oleae oe aed ere aerate cite 390 Fic. 1. (Natural size.) This is the largest entire dorsal shield known to me. It was found by Mr. G. K. Gilbert of the Wheeler Survey. U.S. National Museum, Catalogue No. 62754. 1a. (X2.) Restoration based upon a nearly entire dorsal shield and the specimens represented by figs. 1b, 1c, 1d, 1f. U.S. National Museum, Catalogue No. 62755. 1b. (1.5.) A medium size dorsal shield, somewhat broken by compression in the shale. U. S. National Museum, Cata- logue No. 62756. Ic. (X 3.) Small dorsal shield with very perfect thorax and pygidium. U.S. National Museum, Catalogue No. 62757. 1d. ( 2.) Fragment of the anterior half of a cranidium, retaining its original convexity. U. S. National Museum, Catalogue No. 62758. te. (Natural size.) This is a photograph of one of the type speci- mens illustrated by fig. Ic, plate 2 (Geog. and Geol. Explor. and Surv. west of 1ooth Merid., 1875, Vol. 4, Pt. 1). U.S. National Museum, Catalogue No. 15460 [= 8576]. tf. (X2.) Interior of a pygidium showing very clearly the anchy- losed segments of the axis and pleural lobes. U.S. National Museum, Catalogue No. 62759. 1g. (X<2.) A convex pygidium, showing characters similar to those of the pygidium of Dolichometopus productus (pl. 53, fig. 3). U.S. National Museum, Catalogue No. 62760. The specimens illustrated by figs. I, 1a-g, are from localities 3s and 4, Upper Cambrian: Wheeler formation; east of Antelope Springs, House Range, Utah. 58 64. NO. 5, PL. VOL. SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS CCLLECTIONS Meek CREPICEPHALUS WHEELERI 440 SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS VOL. 64 DESCRIPTION OF PLATE 59 Asaphiscus iddingse Walcott. .c: .2.cs.s.nceuiee in ee eee 386 Fic. 1. (x 2.) Dorsal shield flattened in argillaceous shale. U. S. National Museum, Catalogue No. 57586. 1a. (X2.) Cranidium, from limestone associated with the shale mentioned under fig. 1. U.S. National Museum, Catalogue No. 58269. (Locality 35r.) 1b. (X3.) A smaller cranidium, associated with the specimen represented by fig. 1a. U.S. National Museum, Catalogue No. 58270. The specimens represented by figs. 1, 1a-b, are from localities 35r and 36e: Middle Cambrian; Fu-chéu series; shale interbedded in limestone, Liau-tung, Manchuria. These figures were published, pl. 23, figs. 1, ta-b (Research in China, Vol. 3, Carnegie Inst. of Washington, Pub. No. 54, Cambrian Faunas of China). Asabhiscus (2?) capella. Walcott: 2) ssch.oas od ceatee ee eee 385 Fic. 2. (2.) Restoration based on a nearly entire specimen of the dorsal shield and the specimens represented by figs. 2a, 2b, ac. U.S. National Museum, Catalogue No. 6276. 2a. (X2.) Cranidium outlining the slightly concave frontal border. U. S. National Museum, Catalogue No. 62762. 2b. (Natural size.) Matrix of a crushed and broken dorsal shield, showing wavy doublure of cranidium. U. S. National Museum, Catalogue No. 62763. 2c. (Natural size.) Impressions of pygidium in fine-grained shale. U. S. National Museum, Catalogue No. 62764. The specimens represented by figs. 2, 2a-c are from locality 54z, Middle Cambrian: Wolsey shale; Half Moon Pass, Big Snowy Mountains, Montana. 59 5 PL. VOL, 64 NO. SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS ASAPHISCUS ms n a - mak . Pas, a , . - , ae . ll . 5 ? S . , ‘ Le 1 1 ' * 442 SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS VOL. DESCRIPTION OF PLATE 60 Asaphiscus calenus Walcott. 2: sis. sisi sors nissan sees sae mie eee Fic. 1. ( 2.) Entire dorsal shield. The right free cheek and frontal limb are restored. U.S. National Museum, Catalogue No. 62765. 1a. (2.) Interior of a dorsal shield with the right free cheek restored. U.S. National Museum, Catalogue No. 62766. 1b. (X2.) Pygidium and attached thoracic segments. U. S. Na- tional Museum, Catalogue No. 62767. Ic. (X2.) A broken cephalon preserving the strong palpebral (ocular) ridge and glabella furrows. U. S. National Museum, Catalogue No. 62768. The specimens represented by figs. I, 1a-c are compressed in a fine argillaceous shale at locality 5£, Middle Cambrian: Wolsey shale; 11 miles south of Neihart, in Meagher County, Montana. Asaphiscusicamma Walcott... sce opeee eer eer Oe ee L En oeG eee Fic. 2. ( 3.) A small dorsal shield illustrating the character of the species. U. S. National Museum, Catalogue No. 62760. 2a. (X2.) A cranidium preserving strong palpebral ridges. U. S. National Museum, Catalogue No. 62770. 2b. (Natural size.) Pygidium. U.S. National Museum, Catalogue No. 62771. 2c. (X4.) Hypostoma associated with this species. U. S. Na- tional Museum, Catalogue No. 62772. The specimens represented by figs. 2, 2a-c are compressed in a fine argillaceous shale at locality 4g, Middle Cambrian: Wolsey shale; 5 miles east-northeast of Logan, Gallatin County, Montana. Corynexochus (Bonnia) busa Walcott (see pl. 57, fig. Ia)..............- Fics. 3, 3’. (X 3.) Top and side views of a broken cranidium that retains its convexity. U. S. National Museum, Catalogue No. 62773. 3a, 3a’. (X4.) Top and side views of a small, finely preserved pygidium. U. S. National Museum, Catalogue No. 62774. 3b. (X1I0.) Surface of axial lobe of pygidium of specimen repre- sented by fig. 3a. 3c. (X8.) Surface of glabella of specimen represented by fig. 3. The specimens represented by figs. 6, 6a-c occur in a compact gray limestone at locality 2 0, Lower Cambrian: Bic Harbor, Province of Quebec, Canada. 64 384 326 VOL. 64, NO. 5. PL. 60 SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS , CAMBRIAN TRILOBITES 444 SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS VOL. DESCRIPTION OF PLATE 61 Asaphiscus ? anispinus Walcott: ...i..% va. sasce owns eee ee eee Oe Fic. tr. (X3.) An unusually perfect dorsal shield, partially flattened in shaly limestone. U. S. National Museum, Catalogue No. 62775. From locality 3on, Upper Cambrian: Weeks formation; Weeks Canyon, House Range, Utah. Asaphiscus 2? vronulatus Walcott 7.2... -.. 900s cle ee eee eee Fic. 2. (XX 3.) Thorax and pygidium partly crushed in the calcareous shale. U.S. National Museum, Catalogue No. 62776. 2a. ( 2.) Nearly entire dorsal shield, which is the type specimen of the species. U. S. National Museum, Catalogue No. 62777. The specimens represented by figs. 2 and 2a are from locality 3on, Upper Cambrian: Weeks formation; Weeks Canyon, House Range, Utah. Asaphiscus 2-minor Walcott < scicsjet vcws nltcarneciere ce ain ce eae oe OIE Fic. 3. (<< 3.) Very perfect dorsal shield. U. S. National Museum, Catalogue No. 62778. 3a. (X3.) Interior of a dorsal shield, showing the doublure of the cephalon and pygidium and position of hypostoma. U. S. National Museum, Catalogue No. 62770. 3b. (xX 3.) Group of interiors of the dorsal shield, showing hy- postoma in place. U.S. National Museum, Catalogue No. 62780. The specimens represented by figs. 3, 3a-b, are from locality zon, Upper Cambrian: Weeks formation; Weeks Canyon, House Range, Utah. Blountia mimula Walcott. s. 3.....5 sen eos sea cecc ee ae aoe eee ee eee Fias. 4,4’. (<8.) Dorsal and side views of a dorsal shield without the free cheeks. This is the type of the genus Blountia. U.S. National Museum, Catalogue No. 62781. 4a. (X4.) Asmall pygidium. U.S. National Museum, Catalogue No. 62782. — 4b, 4b’. (X 4.) Dorsal and side views of a small cranidium. U. S. National Museum, Catalogue No. 62783. 4c. (X2.) A free cheek associated with 4b. U. S. National Mu- seum, Catalogue No. 62784. The specimen represented by fig. 4 is from locality 120, Upper Cambrian: Maryville limestone; 2 to 3 miles south of New Market, Jefferson County, and those represented by figs. 4a, 4b, and 4c in same limestone at locality r07c, 11 miles northwest of Knoxville, both in - Tennessee. 64 385 388 399 NO. 5, PL. 61 64, VOL. SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS CAMBRIAN TRILOBITES NOS, CAMBRIAN TRILOBITES 445 Pa Mao PALE SOON ALCO bi seraxe test. sive eae elev aE 00 aka dds 'ee secs veal ehamdene 308 Fics. 5,5a. (X3.) Dorsal and side views of the type cranidium. U. S. National Museum, Catalogue No. 62785. The specimen represented by fig. 5 is from locality 125, Upper Cambrian: Maryville limestone; 4 miles northeast of Rogersville, Hawkins County, Tennessee. GIDE UME ALLE HILOMUNVANCOLE, .< sisiire diols care acid es evecreis Sein ere oye eeveveran wc hewaed 307 Fics. 6,6a. (X 5.) Dorsaland side views of the type cranidium. U. S. National Museum, Catalogue No. 62786. The specimen represented by fig. 6 is from locality 119, Upper Cambrian: Maryville limestone; 1.5 miles southeast of Morristown, Hamblen County, Tennessee. BGR OMOATUS CIA fall GO UtE Pea aieyeald: wore ainais) oaie aie ere @cretas's 6, c.0ls seine wbesd- soe 309 Fics. 7,7a@. (X5.) Dorsal view and side outline of type cranidium. U. S. National Museum, Catalogue No. 62787. 7b. (X5.) Pygidium associated with cranidium represented by fig. 7. U.S. National Museum, Catalogue No. 62788. The specimens represented by figs. 7, 7b are from ‘locality 120, Upper Cambrian: Maryville limestone; 2 to 3 miles south of New Market, Jefferson County, Tennessee. PAPO SCIEN EMI I VN ANCOLE. satay sta cigs seat: cetera, seis. Bb, aise) 6) eae A, arbor abaece rer 384 Fic. 8. (Natural size.) Cast of interior of a broken cranidium. U.S. National Museum, Catalogue No. 62780. 8a. (Natural size.) Pygidium associated with the cranidium repre- sented by fig. 8. U. S. National Museum, Catalogue No. 62700. The specimens represented by figs. 8, 8a are from a fine shaly sandstone at locality 47h, Middle Cambrian: Wolf Creek, 6 miles below Rocky Gap, Bland County, Virginia. A46 SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS VOL. 64 DESCRIPTION OF PLATE 62 PAGE Asaphiscus (Blainia) eresarnus NValcottsasce eee eee eer ene eerre 304 Fic. 1. ( 2.) Dorsal views of a small, imperfect dorsal shield that has a convex cranidium. U.S. National Museum, Catalogue No. 62701. ta,1a’. (Natural size.) Dorsal and side views of a dorsal shield with a well-preserved pygidium. The free cheeks are re- stored from another specimen. U. S. National Museum, Catalogue No. 62792. 1b. (Natural size.) Dorsal view of a somewhat broken up dorsal shield. U. S. National Museum, Catalogue No. 62793. 1b’. (Natural size.) Side view of a broken dorsal shield, showing the profile of the cranidium. U.S. National Museum, Cata- logue No. 62794. Ic, Ic’. (X4.) Associated hypostoma and side outline. U.S. Na- tional Museum, Catalogue No. 62795. 1d,td’. (Natural size.) Dorsal and side views of a finely preserved pygidium. U.S. National Museum, Catalogue No. 62706. te. (X3.) A small dorsal shield partially concealed in the matrix; the covered parts are restored in outline. U. S. National Museum, Catalogue No. 62797. if. ( 2.) Interior of a smaller pygidium with a broad, striated doublure. U.S. National Museum, Catalogue No. 62708. 1g, 1g’. (Natural size.) Dorsal and side views of a finely preserved pygidium. U.S. National Museum, Catalogue No. 62799. th. (2.) An enrolled dorsal shield. U. S. National Museum, Catalogue No. 62800. ti. (Natural size.) A group of small dorsal shields adhering to the surface of a siliceous concretion. U.S. National Mu- seum, Catalogue No. 62801. Asaphiscus { Blawuia) paula Waleott.. 2.2)2.%.. 20. dens aoe ee Fics. 2,2a. (Natural size.) Dorsal and side views of an almost entire dorsal shield. U. S. National Museum, Catalogue No. 62802. 2b,2b’'. (Natural size.) Dorsal and side views of a fine cranidium. U. S. National Museum, Catalogue No. 62803. The specimens represented by figs. 1, ta-i, 2, 2a-b are attached to the outer surface of siliceous nodules that are embedded in a dark argillaceous shale of the lower Conasauga formation: Middle Cam- brian; (gox) 3 miles east of Center, near Blaine, Cherokee County, Alabama. 395 PL. 62 64, NO. 5, VOL. SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS ASAPHISCUS (BLAINIA) 448 SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS VOE. 64 DESCRIPTION OF PLATE: 63 PAGE Asaphiscus(Blainia) glabra Walcott 2... S60 sw... dsaiisdiones eu me nee saree 304 Fics. 1,1a. (1.5.) Dorsal and side views of a convex cranidium. U. S. National Museum, Catalogue No. 62804. 1b,1b’.. (Natural size.) Dorsal and side views of a large, partially exfoliated pygidium. U. S. National Museum, Catalogue No. 62805. 1c,1c’. (X3.) Dorsal and side views of a small pygidium. U. S. National Museum, Catalogue No. 62806. td,1d’. (X2.) Dorsal and side views of a natural cast of the interior of the test of a pygidium. U.S. National Museum, Catalogue No. 62807. te. (Natural size.) Fragment of a thoracic segment. U. S. Na- tional Museum, Catalogue No. 62808. The specimens represented by figs. I, Ia-e were associated in a block of the Maryville limestone at locality 107x, Upper Cambrian: 11 miles northwest of Knoxville, Tennessee. Asaphascus 2 anaxis Walcott “a sole. cstne «© cto ongelnve rsiesneieteie o-& yeu" he eae 392 Fics. 2,2a. ( 2.) Dorsal view and side outline of a broken cra- nidium. U.S. National Museum, Catalogue No. 62809. The specimen represented by fig. 2 is from locality 119, Upper Cambrian: Maryville limestone; 1.5 miles southeast of Morristown, Hamblen County, Tennessee. Asaphiscus- 2? sp. undts, (2). sawe a nadine eee eee stich cee eee eee 301 Fics. 3,3a. (Natural size.) Dorsal and side views of pygidium. U.S. National Museum, Catalogue No. 62810. From locality 119, see fig. 2. Asaphiscus (Blaine) elongatws Walcott 3.6..% 04. <---> “ele eset 303 Fic. 4. (Natural size.) Dorsal view of the type cranidium. U. S. National Museum, Catalogue No. 62811. 4a. (Natural size.) A nearly entire cranidium. U. S. National Museum, Catalogue No. 62812. 5,5a. (Natural size.) Dorsal and side views of a large pygidium associated with the specimens represented by figs. 4, 4a. U. S. National Museum, Catalogue No. 62873. The specimens represented by figs. 4, 4a, 5, 5a are attached to the outer surface of siliceous nodules that are embedded in a dark argillaceous shale of the lower Conasauga formation: Middle Cam- brian: (90x) 3 miles east of Center, near Blaine, Cherokee County, Alabama. SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS VOL. 64, NO. 5, PL. 63 Pree Tw Wc ASAPHISCUS ie i . ¢ i fe» P|, : a ee NO. 5 CAMBRIAN TRILOBITES 449 PAGE PRNAay Ts aL ORS NN ALC OLE Amn a eis sei ee cs oes oe onde seca etewce eked. 3902 Fics. 6,6’. (X5.) Dorsal view and side outline of the type cranidium. U. S. National Museum, Catalogue No. 62814. 6a. (X5.) A small cranidium without glabellar furrows. U. S. National Museum, Catalogue No. 62815. 6b. (X2.) An associated pygidium. U. S. National Museum Catalogue No. 62816. The specimens represented by figs. 6, 6a-b are from locality 107g, Upper Cambrian ?: Kittatinny ? limestone at Drab, Blair County, Pennsylvania. Bop Ma GIOS) 2 (CEs 1LOMUS NV AICOLES wre eo. civ ste oh bso since cvescevececuedeseche 303 Fic. 7. (X 4.) Dorsal view and side outline of cranidium. U. S. National Museum, Catalogue No. 62817. The specimen represented by fig. 7 is from locality r07e, Upper Cambrian ?: Kittatinny ? limestone; southwest of Ore Hill, 4 miles south of Roaring Spring, Bedford County, Pennsylvania. PAO NEMECE GUAT TEA NN UI COULEN SE title eis ova > sos oie oie 2 sis e-vils'n opie oe he. van< oes 392 Fies. 8, 8a. (X3.) Dorsal view and side outline of the type crani- dium. U.S. National Museum, Catalogue No. 62818. The specimen represented by fig. 8 is from locality ro7f, Upper Cambrian ?: 2 miles north of Bakers Summit, Bedford County, Pennsylvania. USE MORES WATCHED NV AICOLE 1 6 cam sie © atspaletisruroe os + enereitea wicie nit du-e ¢ 04a Sse 391 Fics. 9,9’. (X 4.) Dorsal view and side outline of type cranidium. U. S. National Museum, Catalogue No. 62810. ga. (xX 4.) Pygidium associated in same piece of limestone with cranidium represented by fig. 9. U. S. National Museum, Catalogue No. 62820. The specimen represented by figs. 9, 9a is from locality 123a, Maryville limestone; 4 miles northeast of Rogersville, Hawkins County, Tennessee. 450 SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS VOL. DESCRIPTION OF PLATE 64 64 PAGE Blountiavalethes Walcott, 20-2 sen. ests. Bie Seti sees on ae eee eee Fics. 1,1a. (2.) Dorsal view and side outline of the type cranidium. U: S. National Museum, Catalogue No. 62821. 1b,1b’. (X2.) Pygidium and side outline associated with the cranidium represented by fig. 1. U. S. National Museum, Catalogue No. 62822. 1c. Natural size view of Ib. The specimens represented are from locality 123b, Upper Cam- brian: Maryville limestone; Rogersville, Hawkins County, Ten- nessee. Blountia andreas Walcott . . 6.26 ovies Soecaga esse due se eae eee Fics. 2,2’.. ( 3.) Dorsal view and side outline of the type cranidium. U. S. National Museum, Catalogue No. 62823. The specimen represented is from locality roza, Upper Cambrian: Maryville limestone; 1.25 miles east of Rogersville, Hawkins County, Tennessee. Blountia amaze Walcott <0). ot iin bk tie Beles See we ear ee enn Fics. 3,3. .( 4.) Dorsal view and side outline of the type cranidium. U. S. National Museum, Catalogue No. 62824. 3a. (X2.) Pygidium associated with the cranidium represented by fig. 3. U. S. National Museum, Catalogue No. 62825. The specimens represented are from locality 107, Upper Cam- brian: Conasauga formation (Maryville limestone) ; 11 miles north- west of Knoxville, Tennessee. Maryvillia arion Walcott ..............005. AR. ASN RES Oe ae Fics. 4,4’. (2.) Dorsal view and side outline of the type cranidium. U. S. National Museum, Catalogue No. 62826. 4a, 4a’. (Natural size.) Dorsal view and side outline of pygidium associated with the cranidium fig. 4. U.S. National Mu- seum, Catalogue No. 62827. 4b. Natural size view of fig. 4. 4c. (Natural size.) A small pygidium. U. S. National Museum, Catalogue No. 62828. : The specimens represented are from locality 123b, Upper Cam- brian: Maryville limestone; Rogersville, Tennessee. Maryvillia aristow Walcott. 2.2 secisas asi 0 as > oe slo's geen 0's esos Fics. 5,5’. (X1.5.) Dorsal view and side outline of the type cra- nidium. U.S. National Museum, Catalogue No. 62820. sa. (Natural size.) Pygidium associated with the cranidium fig. 5. U.S. National Museum, Catalogue No. 62830. The specimens represented are from locality 120, Upper Cam- brian: Maryville limestone; north of Bays Mountain, 2 to 3 miles south of New Market, Jefferson County, and 18 miles east-northeast of Knoxville, Tennessee. 397 308 308 400 401 SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS VOL. 64, NO. 6, PL 64 CAMBRIAN TRILOBITES NOLS CAMBRIAN TRILOBITES 451 PAGE Corynexochus (Bonnia) parvulus (Billings). (See plate 57.)......... Bae Fic. 6. (X<8.) Enlargement of the surface of the occipital ring and posterior portion of the glabella. U.S. National Museum, Catalogue No. 62744. (Note description and locality from plate 57, fig. 1b.) Mate VICMTICH IMO PONT IATIES © ©. kee asl: Ga vce ess wehbe ele oes PSb eee cet aes Fic. 7. (X1.5.) Cranidium with finely granulated surface and side outline. From locality Cx, Middle Cambrian: Kiu-lung group; south of Yen-chuang, Shan-tung. U. S. National Museum, Catalogue No. 57876. 7a. (X 1.5.) Central parts of a cephalon showing glabellar fur- rows and coarse granulations. From locality Cxg, Middle Cambrian: Ch’ang-hia limestone at Ch’ang-hia, Shan-tung. U. S. Naticnal Museum, Catalogue No. 57878. 7b. (X2.) Thoracic segment showing straight pleural groove. From locality C29, Middle Cambrian: Ch’ang-hia lime- stone; west of Ch’ang-hia, Shan-tung. U. S. National Museum, Catalogue No. 57881. 7c. (X1.5.) Top and side views of pygidium associated with 6a. (C19) U. S. National Museum, Catalogue No. 57879. The above figures are reproduced from plate 8, figs. I, Ia, Id and Ic, respectively, Research in China, Vol. 3, Cambrian Faunas of China, 1913, Carnegie Inst. of Washington. 328 452 SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS VOL. 64 DESCRIPTION OF PEATE 65 Dolichometopus (Housia) varro Walcott <. 22.252. 50.2. see eee 374 Fic. 1. (Natural size.) Broken cranidium. U. S. National Museum, Catalogue No. 62831. ; 1d,1b. (X2.) Free cheeks associated with the cranidium fig. 1. U. S. National Museum, Catalogue Nos. 62832, 62833. Ic. (Natural size.) Associated thoracic segment. U. S. National Museum, Catalogue No. 62834. 1d. (X2.) Distorted pygidium. U. S. National: Museum, Cata- logue No. 62835. te. (Natural size.) Pygidium with the posterior segment of the thorax attached. U. S. National Museum, Catalogue No. 62836. The specimens represented by figs. 1, 1a-d are from locality 30y (= 301), Upper Cambrian: Orr formation; on Orr Ridge, about 5 miles south of Marjum Pass, House Range, Millard County, Utah. Bathyuriscus@Zolwella) probvuseWalcott... oases ee eee oe eee 354 Fics. 2,2’. (X 4.) Dorsal and side view of the type cranidium. U. S. National Museum, Catalogue Na. 62837. 2a,2a’. (X5.) Pygidium associated with the cranidium of fig. 2. U. S. National Museum, Catalogue No. 62838. The specimens represented by figs. 2, 2a are from locality 11 0, Middle Cambrian: Marjum formation; 4 miles southeast of Ante- lope Springs, House Range, Utah. Maryunia callas’ Walcott geese neo eee a ee ee eee eee 402 Fic. 3. (X1.5.) Dorsal view and side outline of the type cranidium. U. S. National Museum, Catalogue No. 62839. 3a. (X3.) Free cheek associated with cranidium fig. 3. U. S. National Museum, Catalogue No. 62840. 3b. (X3.) Group of three pygidia and one broken cranidium. . U. S. National Museum, Catalogue No. 62841. The specimens represented by figs. 3, 3a-b are from locality 31r, Middle Cambrian: Marjum formation; 1 mile southeast of Mar- jum Pass, House Range, Utah. Marjumia typa: Walcott: 22.5 cca s-cetice oe 2 ee oe 402 Fic. 4. (Natural size.) Entire dorsal shield. The type of the species. U. S. National Museum, Catalogue No. 62842. 4a. (X3.) Pygidium with test partly exfoliated. U. S. National Museum, Catalogue No. 62843. 65 VOL. 64, NO. 5, PL. SMiITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS CAMBRIAN TRILOBITES NO. 5 CAMBRIAN TRILOBITES 453 Marjumia typa Walcott—Continued. PAGE 4b. (X2.) Under side of a pygidium showing doublure and four spines. U.S. National Museum, Catalogue No. 62844. The specimens represented by figs. 4, 4a-b are from locality 11q, Middle Cambrian: Marjum formation; hard calcareous shales, 2.5 miles east of Antelope Springs, Millard County, Utah. Bathyuriscus ? sp. undt. (2) lke. 348 (Natural size.) Pygidium with a single antero-lateral spine, as in Marjumua callas, fig. 3b. U. S. National Museum, Catalogue No. 62845. The specimen represented is from locality rup, Middle Cam- brian: Marjum formation; 2.5 miles southeast of Marjum Pass, House Range, Utah. 454 SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS VOL. 64 DESCRIPTION OF PLATE 66 Ogygzopsis klotat (Romiieer-) Me ah eens ciel. wie alec Oe eae einer eee Fic. 1. (Natural size.) Large, nearly perfect, compressed specimen of the dorsal shield. U. S. National Museum, Catalogue No. 62846. This figure is the same as that on plate 4, fig. 4, Canadian Alpine Journal [Vol. 1, 1908]. ta. (Natural size.) Outline of a small specimen illustrating the proportionally smaller pygidium. U.S. National Museum, Catalogue No. 62847. 1b. (Natural size.) An hypostoma, associated with figs. 1 and Ia. U. S. National Museum, Catalogue No. 62848. The specimens represented by figs. 1, ta-b are from locality 14s, Middle Cambrian: Stephen formation; Mount Stephen, British Columbia, Canada. Ovra elegans. Walcott. <.ci05 2% = men 2 seme «cote oi tees iene eee Fic. 2. (Natural size.) Dorsal shield and the type specimen of the genus and species. The free cheeks have been restored from other specimens. U.S. National Museum, Catalogue No. 62840. . 2a, 2a’, 2b, 2b’. Natural size and enlarged figures of free chegks, associated in the same rock with the specimen represented by fig. 2. U. S. National Museum, Catalogue Nos. 62850, 62851. The specimens represented by figs. 2, 2a-b are from locality r1q, Middle Cambrian: Marjum formation; hard calcareous shales, 2. miles east of Antelope Springs, Millard County, Utah. Lisama 2? breviloba Walcott: :0.. o6-. > «senses eee See eee Fics. 3, 3a. (Natural size.) Dorsal and side views of broken crani- dium with portions of nine thoracic segments attached. This is the type specimen of the species. U. S. National Museum, Catalogue No. 62852. 3b, 3b’. (X 4.) Dorsal and side views of a small cranidium. U. S. National Museum, Catalogue No. 62853. 3c, 3c’. (< 4.) Dorsal and side views of a small associated pygi- dium enlarged to show the segmentation of the axis and pleural lobes. U. S. National Museum, Catalogue No. 2854. The specimens represented by figs. 3, 3a-c are from locality r18a, Upper Cambrian: Maryville limestone; 1.5 miles south of Greene- ville, Greene County, Tennessee. 381 404 NO. 5. PL. 66 64, VOL. SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS CAMBRIAN TRILOBITES 4 ts 450 SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS VOL. DESCRIPTION OF PLATE 67 Pagetia bootes GW alcott sa gs.soc o200 soo bao e ssnens Cele Heo Fic. 1. (8.) Specimen showing palpebral ridge, eye lobe and facial suture on right side, *occipital spine and caudal spine which is partially turned over so as to indicate that it is slightly 64 angular on the upper side. U.S. National Museum, Cata- ~ logue No. 62855. ta. ( 8.) Specimen with palpebral ridge, traces of two pairs of short glabellar furrows, right eye and facial suture. U. S. National Museum, Catalogue No. 62856. 1b. (X8.) Dorsal shield with free cheeks displaced. U. S. National Museum, Catalogue No. 62857. tc. (<8.) A broken cephalon with glabella and a large occipital spine that is as long, if not longer than the glabella. U. S. National Museum, Catalogue No. 62858. 1d. (X8.) Dorsal shield with the right free cheek and eye detached from the fixed cheek. U. S. National Museum, Catalogue No. 62859. te. (<8.) A fine dorsal shield with the palpebral ridges, facial suture on right side, and base of caudal spine. U. S. National Museum, Catalogue No. 62860. te’. (8.) Side outline view based on the specimens represented by figs. I and Te. if. (X<8.) Matrix of a dorsal shield from which the free cheeks have been displaced. This specimen is on the same piece of shale as that represented by fig. tc. U.S. National Mu- seum, Catalogue No. 62861. The specimens represented by figs. 1, 1a-f are from locality 35k, Middle Cambrian: Burgess shale; Burgess Pass, British Columbia, Canada. Pagetia, clytia NWValecott:. <6... cos ates does « acto etoe ons She ee ree eee Fic. 2. (10.) Two specimens of the dorsal shield with the lower one preserving the free cheeks and elevated palpebral lobes. U. S. National Museum, Catalogue No. 62862. 2a. ( 10.) Cephalon with palpebral lobes and free cheeks dis- placed or crushed down in the soft shale. U. S. National Museum, Catalogue No. 62863. 2b. (X10.) Dorsal view and side outline of a cephalon with base of occipital spine, slight traces of glabellar furrows, left side palpebral lobe and faint trace of palpebral ridge; free cheeks displaced. U. S. National Museum, Catalogue No. 62864. 2c. (11.) Wash drawing based on photograph of a cephalon with free cheeks displaced. U.S. National Museum, Cata- logue No. 62865. 2d. (xX 11.) Wash drawing based on photograph of a pygidium. U. S. National Museum, Catalogue No. 62866. 2e. (X<11.) Wash drawing based on a photograph of a dorsal shield. The eyes and facial sutures are too diagrammatic. This drawing was made in 1907 before the discovery of Pagetia bootes in 1909. U.S. National Museum, Catalogue No. 62867. The specimens represented by figs. 2, 2a-e are from locality 55c, Middle Cambrian: Spence shale; 15 miles (24.2 km.) west of Mont- pelier, Idaho. 408 64, NO. 5, PL. 67 VOL. SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS PAGETIA INDEX The references in heavy-faced type refer to the locality numbers and the pages upon which the genera and species are described and figured. acadicus, see Dolichometopus. PAGE UB ORIEleORCOMEeNeeNValcOtts Usted. yt.ccei- cis creo em Ole soos telecon eats 339, 353 Pee AEA COE ROS CEM ore cate « \retans aladinhe ioe and, ove Ae lopohel aa rate Oe eta akan 330 USES GE ON NDIEE) NSEC iar ae ote Fm nieG v adiniale vie = Waw s wich at openers sie 403 SHIDSIGIMGP NTIIS” NEM Calg eb Ker engi eo Geko trend cao dO OOS Onn aC 403 MEL CHSISE NV OLEOE: . MStCM . a3 2 ok Sil aee cele secu es cans oem ccna s emia wine 350 ABADI Biiaay) MASON ace ek Cie ET RO CIS aC Oe od SRST cE ramen eas icc ot 350 CHROOT: INNS al Aas 8 tens Sa SIC O.dtc Rice oie SGI OR acc RAI eece cris 403 CPIEDLO MST ell CO Lap aI SUE erstenena raters fae Go accare clots iscovacense ste hence a tare elecares 316 ECC INET N AL COLE MSEC = fe) cicis fafa ea ojnecoidis wid he ie Ales aS 403 suetialss taconica. (Walcott); ‘listedys.. 2.6.2 tee ese a7. 32254358 socialis, associated with Corynexochus bornholmiensis Gronwall.... 313 adeus, see Bathyuriscus. agatho, see Asaphiscus. Ra AES ELST EMUMMeE Cretg tx cere, oe yn Ree lee Ale Ripa ese! Yds ple wwe el eos 350 DEC AsE NEC ena MIBEEG Soe oe a. o eRe tee Se cet le eisiniels: od eiend eater 369 VESHOE GETS WAGONS DNSitelegae a can aad a kaO ee on Use aoe GaemeIeioae 317 nathorsti, associated with Corynexochus bornholmiensis Gronwall.. 313 barvifrons, associated with Corynexochus bornholmiensis Gronwall. 313 SRE MIStCU TREE Okc e mM naee ake a Cee any Oe Pothier eee aie eet ae. Giese 317, Reape ALIS EE Ups & NICS aio oo a2 aie Broce Ss bab s/S 4b ons See Pol aes ates ope aoe 403 EROS ASS (RR I EN St oe 322 Mat M dl ceege Daas CUPL Sem Rake aoe oles, FORA eas cs to ern iso ro clean a creer 404 stator Walcott, associated with Bathyuriscus (Poliella) primus.... 353 Alberta, Lower Cambrian localities, Mount Whyte formation........... 354 Piberreiia ‘sp:, listed: .. <.22.45%%s1sh25.0 se aS ered A ASbS cei cLacel aoe 353 alceste, see Dolichometopus. alemon, see Blountia. alethes, see Blountia. alexas, see Blountia. eiorisrocare alined, Walcott. listed: «0... slice iss eo Snele ss eee met oe ie B7Bu eA amage, see Blountia. Amphoton, referred to Dolichometopus (synonymy)...............eee00+ 356 steinmanni Lorenz, compared with Dolichometopus (?) deois..... 366 RUTH hi 69 ema Wet Kah) 61 Cok SA oe ee rae Roe 365 anaxv, see Bathyuriscus. anaxis, see Asaphiscus. Andrarum, Sweden, Middle Cambrian locality 8w ....................-- 373 andreas, see Blountia. INDEX PAGE Anomocare, Bathyuriscus derived from (synonymy)............eeeeeeee- 330 comparedawitheA saphiscu's — 1. cmicnen wee eo tree 382 Dolichowneto pus GCAGICUS. ... 15 scien kinds 2s ote 360 compared with Dolichometopus (?) deois .............-- nae, 300 = Dolichometopus hyrie NValcott..csseeus se eee eee 359 unlike WiSqnd os ss tiawate eee acnd oe nie Ae ORO Oe eee 404 leve Angelin, compared with Asaphiscus wheeleri................. 382 CePA Alcott listed. eeapeniee eee rece een "a Slates Seater 409 Anomocarella Walcott, compared with Asaphiscus..........2000000c000 382 compared with Blountta =... hecsms cn deen bee eee eee 307 ty Peck WLetsania (OUxGios fess: oa oeaks oe Di ola Oe Ee 404 bure. Walcott; senoly pens saccce se cces eee ee eee oe eee 403- anser, see Blountia. Antelope Springs, House Range, Utah, Middle Cambrian locality 3v...... 371 anteros, see Bathyuriscus (Poliella). Archeocyathus dwight Walcott, VWsted::..\)...amossn . saacoe tise 317 AreliusIngas “A CMmericand NValcatt, WStedeeneeese se nese cee eee 409 arion, see Maryvillia. ariston, see Maryvillia. atossa, see Bathyuriscus. Asaphidze: Burmetster, family. named./.<:.. ..ck en cee ema eee 375 Dohkchometopus im accord owithiea, ssc e- eos cock a aoe 358 ASOD MUS GUS Nicek -gentts) @escribedacscacmss cee hearer hick nee eee 381 compared with Anomocare, Anomocarella, Liostracus, and PUVCHOPOAG. -v08 cc) 5 ctwte,n etnies ba eee 382 B GLAS UNUSCUS: ce ieee cos OE Od oO NGR COC Ee 383 BOUMG: Sach oa heis & she ORR An en a eee 303 MA GY UTI, co dicen 2-5 tystSnicthodee te ae eee 401 doubtful «species *2.cchisncud wik neclene bee ee eo eee 301 genotype, Asaphiscus wheelers Meek. ......5. 20... 000+-0-5- 382 obsetvatiOns, sicictasaes a see eec enh eae eee ae eee eee 382 SPECLESi ISCUSSEM .. els-w sis Reneteetucia stations seen See ener 383 WS ted tet A sess se ps ess w ass ww arecnw hes Oo eee See eee 383 stratigraphic range and geographic distribution.............. 382 SYHOMYAIYR, Sate-cyoleigt ioe S161 eleees « wis die ot elsrelcee ie AC eseS Es ae eee 381 UNGEL OGY SiOCATINE: 6 \,... « 385 HeuUKeds pls GO nose 2h 2a Car men cen ete Tet icroyeys isis cs a 440 compared with Asaphisctts EGlenwSecnt ccc va «sic weeded ve vc 384 ASAPTIS CUS. CAMLING age ee ee eke soe 384 ASAD NISCUS: Wile Cleriarnan Mert ies seen ieee eo. 385 ZALX 0 DOSES CE ub es (CM) ion a hOB GA DoDoL.o tou COO se OD ORO OnE 390 A SUP RISCUS SD: UGH (A)icactaacotkactaceine er ceteris 301 nelatedsspecieSwercsary coin ke tie TOO hele oe Oe Teves elacele 383 GelatedstonA SapNys cus Clans, emia s eerie seen cen eenen 384 LAOUIES: TIEN, SPECIES, UESCEIDEG om oh ak swe wad sans © hu Som sree Meie ecyeas 392 MUTE UMM MORN ISSs OF OUmere somes este oni eis icc acct ders erences 449 Characterized yes hs ae crete eater eels Bacon nic nidereis eine 383 compared withs Asapniscus 2 TOUS... lieve. c ws oss esas os 392 CHORUS NE WHSPeCleSss CESCHIDEd: asec caialcestocicle veins sis oie tive siais's es 392 HetIGed Pl OswinSSeOmOG- Dea tata sioner kine eteeein oe arene 449 GShratalGbeTIZe ee percasy peters custerens fa Sanat, taal c Chie, tote ics Ss oy data tatencpulGts 383 Gompaned\ with Asaphiscus 2 @2aino....2...-+6-2.04.-+..20- 301 USPS CMS IS. 1OUEUS ct erate ocalahey ssa se clararafs wats nto slo: 392 PinchopariarandeltOstracwSa. 5 esis cie cece eine o ee 302 HelALE UELOMA SO DUS SMMC lan LOIMES ested eecechiciene cist ieee eee 303 ACT OMUS MEW! SPEClESs GESCHIDEMN saps sesh aioe n se om ose avian # aencyetae 393 IGEER ED EEXG ir DY ba al Cle Font fay 977 cee Mere an tee AIOE aaa CaERER RARER Peano ee 449 WtelatedstoeAsapiiscuscce 1OMMSH Aen. Vanek eine onion oe ok 303 2 gromulaius, mew species, described... < osc snc0 + noire sos seein cece ® 385 InkeRoirevals. 40) law Gyithan hea 10 arene ee een ces oro canc site cme 444 Chaeactent zeae Mera. Ayscointy tis cass. avis esos a Se NS Steines rece aaa bts 383 compared. with Asaphiscus. 2 MInOr:....025200 000% 056500 385, 388 TOGA St WV AICORt GeSCEIDed ns etin be algda Sota s tics Sa otaneer ews eke « 386 MI ATIEC a lets O Mehl Oo Samgle eMC Oiseau onsielessucters co eric ech cele: stesso 440 compared witht Asaphiscus COMME «6.055 se06+ cee sc eve op 385 ASAD ICUS CLES EOHECLOMIG tan ae oman eet ine «niece iieeaiee 388 Be let COYSPCCIES oe wes otek Secs Se Sets ues Sectional tk ood oie oie Nico eens 383 SWMLOLI AMY? mec etnies elec emte ie MR aed Os 8 0 '51e acsve phancraies 386 Ceminor, Mew Species, GCescribed ss :.42 2 sec ote e scons 200s Gwerss codes 388 MUTE aeple Ol. lO Sues SMO cate sre sssiiols cteesieie = « exste species, described... ......:25¢204-een se eee 395 figuneds plyO2eneS> 2-20-D essen cose Toren ee meee 446 associated with Asaphiscus (Blainia) gregarius.............. 305 compared with Asaphiscus (Blainia) elongatus.............- 303 Asaphiseus: (Blawmia): e1abra.. os a0. oc see 304 Asaphiscus (Blainia) gregarius and Asaphiscus (Blawg) (GIG rds seco tees hentia tae ee 395 Asaphus palpebrosus, genotype of Symphysurus ......... 0c. cece cence 405 balus, see Bathyuriscus (Poliella). bantius, see Bathyuriscus. Barn Bluff (La Grange), Minnesota, Upper Cambrian locality 113...... 406 Bathyurellus wheeleri, compared with Dolichometopus productus........ 370 Bathyurellus (Asaphiscus) wheeleri Meek, synonymic reference......... 390 Bathyuride, descent discussed ac je.ti. 3 -itertetai ee ee ae ea ee 308 iit Se INDEX PAGE Hathyuriscus Meek, genus “deseribed. s... 2 oes-'s 5. Son eels DYSA eo Soden 330 as a subgenus of Dolichometopus (synonymy).......... 330, 356 subgenus of Pelichomctopus so ooiac- 2 2 coe. oe cues 358 Chakachen2eds «533.5 canoe Meer eee EEA eta inte dre sore aes 309, 357 compared: -withic A saphiscius seeds eaihe eb de ce oe ba va ole 383 CorunecOcnus. ee We eee ens oho bbe este. 311 Dakichomeropus! | te erent tS 358, 359, 362 GsynOnyiny) eres ee era Peer co we ee 372 Ogygia producta Hall and Whitfield.................. 332 Ornette ee oo nae ees ee OE ee SE en ee kat 380 (TOORIGLE )j.ckaa tee aes a ae oto Cee 379 Reradoxidess (synonyitiy no was sesse oa, ok eee a: 319 OUIER CNEL A I aa eee ees ok cg. Sure ee Ue 333 dimensions ofjspecies compared <2. 6 5.05. bcess.<.0.cects oc ccu ce 331 distinguished from: Dolichometopus.... .c....c200ccsecese 357 RAISE DUEL 8 ras cs few ode ns kas Lagelsteteiewsc hss eetisccia very ns eee ees 309 Hokchometopusidenticaliwith. < ... sss isc snsoss «ox «ss wed occas 358 Dolichometopus productus formerly referred to............. 371 = Dolichometopus occidentalis Matthew.................4.. 359 genotype, Bathyuriscus haydeni Meek...................... 332 may have developed from Corynerxochus..........0-00eceees 308 SEL AIO Stearns Pe Nee ciated ere hie Sistas tas ks GA wo 332 related to Dolichometopus, Corynexochus, and Bonnia...... 333 SBEEIeS Til sted ipa i eae Oak ere tiahee one caw eek a Geos woke 334 Gi CIVISE GCLCEREM ods 455 yo tS faci asc oodlona deen 334 stratigraphic range and geographic distribution............. 332 suggested derivation from Anomocare (synonymy).......... 330 SMT OMY ATL gems Aiay aeceset ec encta ese ere nate octet NE ee ee Oe EE ae 330 Gaeus, New: Species, described. ac... sod « 2a doa ae ea ee 334 Cs S10 2) Laas AS 17 og Ya AVR SO oR 416 related to Bathyurtscus Otundarys 2.1. ftw dasecsase- css 334 related to Bathyurtscus 2 sp.ndt..(2) 3. - 5. weave ae dewaes base 348 aves, New Spertes “CeSeribed... 3.0 acelsctu% danck Syme. oced 2 Seis Hered lL AS Mies a Eisen eect. eR ae Page siaeois ace ... ctistete cei ele wietelelesn ete ste cte stores terete 336 heuredispl. as, hes: 2) 20-0. cats hs ieee ee eee pope ocss 418 compared with Bathyuriscus Gnas a... 2 odes. ose en oe 335, 330 Bathyuriscus COs. 1.0. icica trons © eee ae tee ee ee 338 Baithyuriscus: Deus 2.52 pecteteatoeneee eee eee eee 339 Bathyuriscus rotundatus wack cei eecen so once esses 336 Bathyuriscus sp. wnidt, (2). in ceapeet eee os pee eee 348 length): coe 2cc bes © oes She Se toe ate hose ek eee eee eee 331 bantimus:. new species, described) ii.ts...oc <,0n cin aces scn es nce eee yaee 336 fisured: pl..40, NES. 2, 20 -. such on one dee eee ee Lee 312 does not belone to Corynexochtis....s.0-.«. accessed eee eee 312 (Bonnia) busa, new species, described..............-ccecevecccccs 326 Houned epliss7. nie. Ca) pl OO wiles) s1GG-Gee eee aa eee 436, 442 compared with Corynexochus bubaris.......... 314, 327 Corynexochus (Bonnia) parvulus...........0.000% 326, 327 (Bonnia) feldensis (Walcott), described.................0-ee00e 327 fienped=pl.57, GES. A. AG=D iis onc 2.0 eae eee oe cs ose ee 437 above Bathyuriscus (Poliella) primus.........0...2.-00s0- 353 associated wfatitia listed «5 ooo. ade skies ele aee eee eee eee B27 associated with Mesonacis gilberti and Olenellus canadensis... 327 compared with Corynexochus (Bonnia) parvulus (Billings) .. 327 GISCUSSEM so¥ «cis o Sys. teed acee eels kee an oe ee eee 307, 308 Rocky Mountain representative of Corynexochus (Bonnia) POTUULWS. 7 eialarcle deeb Sun des ae EEE 328 SV MOM PI osc ci crcisies toast eine ale kee aera as alee Oe 327 (Bounia) parvulus (Billings), described... 2.2.5 0. nc, en as te eee 328 fivuned) pl sy hes, © Tb-c2. pl. O4ehe. Ol. oe kce ee ee 436, 451 associatedaratinawmamed as... oon scoeeele pen eee een eee 320 ChavacteriZed Sty.<5 4. a0 tys's)> eile s hovestae «Gas cee ee ee eee 326 compared with Corynexochus brennus..........ccece0eceees 314 CormexOchis SCWeCtUss «sac... atin Adee ae 22 ieaes Corynexochus (Bonma) busd............0....++s- .. 326 Corynexochus (Bonnia) fieldensis............-+-+20-- 327 Dorypyee and SP agp de ..ccteh oepsraic,caoiee Se 328 ME Gr Geert GOGUGS sa hasassta a so.= Srors't,s Belen asase BRK REE 402 Menocephalus salterv Devine... <... 4+... sa nacelentos 329 discussedn x docrtncse eee hace aa tec ctn dang ee caer 307, 308 Liste dis. cic: sista lates Bid poke oto Gaeta ocieiee eee oe eee 322 Matthews’ variety aneifrons.: c2)cies 4. cmeek oak ona 320 represented in Rocky Mountain fauna by Corynexochus (Bounia)wiieldensts: 5.8 iccine cosa eee eee eee 328 SYNOMYIMY:.oL.23 eee ereteei onic sR A tei oder ee os ene eee 328 INDEX PAGE Coulouma, “ Montagne Noire,’ Hérault, France, Middle Cambrian local- inion 8171 bar Gogbotuoc TT eS SP So os oneal oe eo Ts wie Rete 319 Cub Creek, Tennessee, Upper Cambrian locality 119............ 307, 300, 401 GEvstideplatesmlistedhypeter ere crite tema ere Glace. s Slee lnieisla consis avers 350 Dalman;-cited on Asaphus PalpebrosuSe ox 2c. ices cat ss og be slecle nwt ones 405 Danish Flat, Idaho, Middle Cambrian locality 55c.......... 341, 351, 363, 408 Dearborn River section, Montana, Middle Cambrian locality 3j......... 362 ower 2 (Cambrian localities: aw atid, AG. = .ec-e dee eave ae a 330 Eower 2 Cambrian: localities. 4w and, Sh.s2. 2. .qc0sse Sncencs 340 Deecke, Dr., acknowledgments.............. Brae cbt Highs tx lee ee 366 delagei, see Corynexochus. deots, see Dolichometopus. derceto, see Dolichometopus. Dicellocephalus ? quadriceps Hall and Whitfield (Walcott), synonymic LHCII CLs We EAPO OTIC ORC Coke ORR CET ET Te eT 368 Dikelocephalus cf. D. minnesotensis Owen, listed.............c0ccecee eee 400 dirce, see Dolichometopus. LEC eV GUTS 0 ial SS ig Ree aaa oar a OR aR = 322 Molichometopince. Subfamily mamied :).:..:c:...c:0' casi cid cloies abate vs eo eseees 330 chasactenizedine pecs: c hare dein cedenapetia nantes ink oad oa ae 309 typical genera, Bathyuriscus and Dolichometopus............ 300 WMalichometopus Angelin, genus described: .,. .. 522 s/ate sed aociissle do eleee oa 355 PA SIp HUE SMERIES: Moat re eis ts Rc anit Ae ap eck ta Ooo ery, FEBS Se 350 Bathyuriscus as a subgenus of (synonymy)................. 330 iehcaae ari zed wn Sy Aa At RNS Deena i Aceh d ene eu Mee 300, 357 compared with) BathyurisGus. ic cla0 aes ce lec eo 333, 358, 362 Bathyuriscus: (synonymy )n ais'5,ccnus cities aGrch oie ee cao es 356 PiStec tng siaks SR 0s acne eve easter elalatnisisss Siete Tecmacoktete eters 2 oa, «Si 359 HELerLedvElSewMene eso. saad Monrat ee cease Ook 3590 stratigraphic range and geographic distribution.............. 357 SMe Tay MRA es ye ea shoe vs) cc, aes sdk wah ore Oe PS wt on claleke 355 ead Lense VictEhe we ESCA: con, n/a + ziazvsersin whtaleide oeiersPe tisinra o:o asace. dee 360 PEA MUTEYG EOE Iles (Grad ee te or ee AR ee 428 COMIPAT EM iymbll 1 Om O CANE. iaic: s00 ieee a octet aE foie cba 360 POE SEMES CAS. COTOTUC WS 1s hs cedacld sir es ae ee ak koe 358: SPAToTahAnehiA Mears COORONG Gtierda.s coke o arnt: eRe 360 Dolch Omcropus xSWeGlEUS?. J ooo xo ethos whee ds 3k oie ls 360 INDEX Dolichometopus—Continued. acadicus—Continued. PAGE Seu pttine 295 Ware ails. oe Sis be ble eer ne oe ee 360 stratigraphic range and geographic distribution. ............. 357 SUTLACE: skis Sea sees eed aoe eee O aCe ene es Se Eee 357 (C2)imalceste: Walcott. described@ye. es eee eee eee 361 figured, pl. 54, figs. 3, 3a-b........ Fel a aus ataee @tateteratet ware oeacara ane 431 compared with Dolichometopus (7) deois.........2....000- 361 stratigraphic range and geographic distribution.............. 207 Wanouhanhia omen cacadcenccpac “allceo Whccholla veh atenataneas ere ene eve Stayer 361 baton new species). described. 0428. > wae oo ae a oe eee 362 sAteAbatsKahein) Weil en alaceeemel Hl AR AO AR Ano eens Woe dcbbacn sc: 424 compared with Dolichometopus ? bessus............000.000: 362 Dolichometopus suecicus, D. productus, D. boccar, and DSOIOW i Sis cecbeheet ad oars) HE el 362 stratigraphic range and cae tre distributions ce eneee 357 ? ‘bessus, new species, deseribed:s..++ 1 See eee eee 362 figured pliss LesA3930=cur Teele aot tical ee 425 approaches, Bathyuriscws DANMUSe sens cece eee eee 333 Characterized! ws .:zt% Sass ieee eerie ae eee oa ee ee 350 compared with Bathyuriscus bantius............0......4.4-- 362 Dolichometopusi0aton..i2nias ote ae see eee 362 stratigraphic range and geographic distribution.............. 357 bion, new species; described. 2. fisass an prerccicucl dere sieht ee 321 Crassa {ELall i iSteds cak astecreorrecitaie yates Geers caeee Tae 322 Obolus meconnellpenas (Waleott) listedsem.. sates cee ene eee 403 porvus. Wealeott, listedis iii actcacaracwinre ot Se aie oe atc ret tee ea 353 brindies. Walcott), lstedisas< nce ey eee ete eee %.. 316 FOLUNGAIES (NV alCOtt) salasted: wae nen era ete eee oe ee 403 quills "eWalcote),alistedss Sey foo as.nes eres Oeeoe er toees 337 getis. (C Walcott): listed tcc. on oa rae re eons ner ha eee 373 (Westonia) chuarensis (Walcott), listed. ......2....2<.055 42: 373, 374 (Westonia) ella (Hall and Whitfield), listed.............. 337, 339, 409 (estonia) seughphus (Walcatt), listedeerns. cas. te. ree eee 373 occidentalis, see Bathyuriscus (Poliella). Ogygia klotzs Rominger, Synonymic reference. .........: 20+... nacre ace 377 parabola Hall and Whitfield, synonymic reference........ ri straie tote 360 producta Hall and Whitfeld, compared with Bathyuriscus......... 332 syhnonymic reference... a oak we oe on ee ee oe ee ee 3690 (Ogygopsis) klotst Matthew, synonymic reference................. 377 Ogyziocarine Raymond, ‘subfamily deserihed'.’:.....2.. Mme ncy sa vis nici Sia’ carols yearend Pe rae. Co Se 379 compared with Bathyuriscus (footnote).................... 379 Bathyuriscus, Ogygopsis, and Ogygiocaris............ 380 Senoty pe Orparcieeaws VWWalGOtk. . .mc,> +s s0s2 cee e sacs 380 LELATMONMt OMAN OP SE Grete sss ovein 65.2 0 sitrie hecie en ae ee ees 380 Siraiierapiic And SeOSTADUIC TAUGE: «...66s cae occ. 5 otoees a 380 suggests Ogygiocarts buchit (Brongniart).................. 380 PARIS) VOTO IGI E55 ahs, 2 a ciao. 008s = Sid riage eee eee ee 375 CLE CA so IEWe SHEEIES CSCEIDEM: | 5 4.1.2 ssc oh oe we See a eee ore 381 MP RIBEME TEMOON MESS Oe 2USD «1c ns sivac'n ae cieeioap ae ee waics aes 454 associated fauna, listed under Marjumia typa................ 402 compared with Ogygopsis klotzi (Rominger)................ 377 CENOLV PEO le O FIA em oho «agents cei oe heres iets ee eee ei eae 380 DESEO CM EERE Reta eye Ste cf ansc ai. 4c 5, 3, ao Sea ee alae ele 403 INDEX Onustan WeuneRensts | @Q\Wallcott))) listed: - sees ae eee eee lenticularts (Wahlenberg),, listedscii- oc. cee cas eee ote Oryctocephalide Beecher, compared with Corynexochide.............. Oryctocephalus, compared with Olenoides and Neolenus.............. Osceola; Wisconsin, Upper'Cambrian locality: 7Ss2is64 a 25 3 eee Owenelia‘aniiquaia (Whitheld)), listed :2 72542 +..cee ee eee ivpa Walcott, synonymic.renerencensee nee nee eee nett eee Packs Bs tp eaCited tes ass. 6s ood rere eke Oe eee ee eee Pagela: new menus described | 250 Sh) acne eee n wee ee correspondenceto, Bunlinctaecee eee eee ee eee ee eee senoty pe, haceiia boots, Walcott peecoe aoe eee eee stratigraphic range and geographic distribution............ Dootes. wew: «Species mdescribedun. 4) se ae “eee cee eee eeee HFUuredwapl wO7e A eS*, eel Cope ert cee ee eee Tater compared with! Eodiscus puUncluites. a--4- ine ore eee POSPHG CLYTIEo. cooe eek ve nt tele ES ee ee CiISGUSSEC) ick asides, pote RA OCR ene tee ee (PROPATIG VDE as wiz Depo aioe ero eee Oe related to Eodiscus punctatus and E. scanicus......... PS ore Ghyito* mew speciess described sacs saree nae einc raceme eit ae homed s pl O7e eS 42 e206 ne fee Wee Ce ere Ree compared «withePagenavDGOtes. nae a seoeee caret GISGUSSEUI rae soit mite eles or eae eae Ree aa ee Cece renee related to Eodiscus punctatus and E. scanicus............ Pagodia, compared with Corynexrochus (Bonnia) parvulus............ compared “with Wisania 222. Sc ceca ae eke ae Ce eee Parabolina megalops Moberg, compared with Marjumia.............. Paradoxides, compared with Bathyuriscus (synonymy)................ forchhammeri zone, Sweden, Middle Cambrian locality 8w..... tessint, associated with Corynexrochus bornholmiensts Gronwall.... Parahio. Kashmir india Viaddles Gambian localityer meneame cies parvulus, see Corynexochus (Bonnia). paula, see Asaphiscus (Blainia). Paymaster Mining Camp, Nevada, Lower Cambrian locality 16g......... Pelogtella:primevum- Billings, tasted ooo. cai «jose ce ee aah ee Pelagiellazspaxundiedistedemecs -peenoe sce eee eee eee Peltura, compared with Corynexochus bubarts..........-2+-5:+22 400 scarabeoides Wahlenberg, compared with Marjumia........... Pioche’ Nevada, MiddlesGambrian®localityesite.. ee aeeneeen ee ene type locality of, Chisholm shales, 5 vo. eos mice ae ee ee Plaiyceras primecum Billings listedss.cc-2 as ens cee eee ere Platycolpus Raymond ?. (= Dolichometopus (?) gibberulus Billings).... Pole: Creek, Montana, Middle Cambrian localitys.-.--+445.6 esses eee Poliella, new subgenus, described............ Ge ok A Sp EAA SS bly sce Se compared with» Dolchometopus,.-- eee eee ee eee genotype, Bathyuriscus (Poliella) anteros Walcott........ observations: 2... otaae tows Memnn aon Cee PEE eS eee eae Species; ‘namied'—; Sacks. woe eee ome ere ele Eee compared: 2228. 8emiemOaes hoes eee Dee eee el: stratigraphic range and geographic distribution........... see Bathyuriscus. PAGE 369 369 308 308 406 409 402 344 407 407 407 407 408 456 408 408 407 408 407 408 456 408 407 407 328 403 401 319 373 313 348 323 321 322 315 401 344 409 317 359 352 349 359 349 349 349 349 330 INDEX PAGE Post Oak Springs, Tennessee, Middle Cambrian locality rr.............. 337 Powell County, Montana, Lower ? Cambrian localities 4y and 4q........ 339 Lower = Cambrian, localities 4w and Sf...002%.0 a6dos. bons 340 Middies Cambrian Localibyer sity ae aos he ks ere sew ela oe’ 362 POwens: oyaney. specimen collected «by: ) 2 ge. se es Nes Leciiw a cleleaise sees 352 powersi, see Bathyuriscus (Poliella). Prairie du Sac, Wisconsin, Upper Cambrian locality 85.~......5...5...... 406 primus, see Bathyuriscus (Poliella). probus, see Bathyuriscus (Poliella). productus, see Dolichometopus. Rropaimda is eechervordermatned. 2.8 stelle sea es oe niet Se cee einer eerie iets 407 norevolveds throughs Opisthopakialen. eee ceee ee oeeieee 407 ZZ OLOSP OMT SD USCC Gis epee eaieretorerd ate olote ace eo LTEe rios ee er ocioe 317 ALOU PUSS “MMCIICLOIVE Cis sae she cause tpebenas eae, ce ESE eo oer oe ae 324 specimen measured by error for Corynexochus stephenensis. 324 hitchcocki (Whitfield), compared with Bathyuriscus batis.......... 338 SEHeciUus Billings. synonyimMile TeLerenCese asec. .2 a. += - cece ocala 315 senectus parvulus Walcott, synonymic reference................... 328 Psilocephalus Salter, compared with [llenurus........... 0.0. c eee eeee 405 Ptarmigan Pass, Alberta, Lower Cambrian locality 35 1.................. 328 Pees PIS Spe Ait wats Eee. eet aie otckast ease oe et Nas wk Woes oe ks eee 337 Ptychoparia, compared with Asaphiscus................. Se ea 382 comipared with Asaphiscus 2 HOTUS. ccc ea le50. dé desi one eed 302 Teese teas Sete eras Se ees rots eipiere Sake SievOnIa Raters oksmaIsINA Sconce fete 403 Gig Gage ABMs ile ecaaenoedpeeae oo ono sono ced amma ase co: 207 HECHIENVAlCOLtEmlisted Oaretert ec ris ce maar eo ae Patanicas Gach oan 317 DIOCHEM SES OW aIGObY Aiste den nans s ceah < scv c Bead ok Skane Sa Acs bad 409 Strigig, COMpared With AsGpHISCUS.. oo. s./ldanhiees we falc ace ven 382 sp. undt., associated with Bathyurtscus belus...0. 2... 0.050.00000 0s. 340 VES tetdires preter ores cecsieteia ais ic cecions claiecta: Sa eS a Ptah ene Lee 337 ACTS Me Ss a a Wet UES NO DGC. Pender Le ee 322 Sain Boe bSS LG LW alas re eee ans i Ma ooen hcl caeh ea. Gove Cumbalen ew OPPS RENT: ie ORE sp., associated with Asaphiscus (Blainia) glabra...............5... 304 RPS he hee tops tera tertto ork vtrain aioe (Sk ciay paras Ae Bl 78330 350" 353 Crimes TERS VEE sheep a ee ee Rina Ue ERIS Sele eee 404 quadratus, see I/lenurus. DOr Aerie Stee SEE Cenc, note epics AOE ee a See oh Ok aie a ise ero ou EL 321 Rambow Valley, Utah, Upper Cambrian locality r4v.........2.%00.20.. 380 Raphistoma ? bréggeri, associated with Corynexochus bornholmiensis Girona lei tes orcas se ee aa ge arate Oa tae 314 Raymond, Dr., genera included by, under Ogygiocarine........: are ey oxi 375 Redlichia Cossmann (= Dolichometopus tatei Woodward).............. 350 Silo Meu SVALO MV ETUG, Leta eie ote ciate « cos ke vot heen eee cs Comes 355 eecargi. Ge = ICMOU entre ase hare She adic Ca Sle cht Bee & cle eens Bee 347 richthofeni, see Dorypyge. Rogersville, Tennessee, Upper Cambrian locality roza.................. 399 UppereGambrianulocality 220A. oss ote oe bo eed ee. 300 locality nasi 2 Seo ok. Mose aes bee's 3092, 308, 300, 401 TAIT SPLEEN Es oes ied RRR EEE te ee 302, 3908, 300 INDEX PAGE Rome formation, Tennessee, Middle Cambrian a 2 Rah Oe ean eee 337 MiddlesGambrian locality (om sascase sae ee eee ert erent ee Sy rotundatus, see Bathyuriscus. St. Lawrence formation, Wisconsin, Upper Cambrian localities 78, 85.... 406 St. Lawrence-Newfoundland area, compared with Canadian Rocky Moun- tail TEGiON ~ Sacre OC Oe On eee eee 308 Salen New) Monk icower (Cambrian localityrdsaee- eee cee eee Bi Saliercliias ineassociation with Olenelius-assmeece eee cece eee 321 pulchella Billings, from Point Levis limestoness.2----- = +--+) oe 32 TESCO crs dee ersvesie ele Bindi akties wcis are eyaceseee ae ce vero oI ae ee 321 Tuco Sa Billings: Mistede aque ecm era eee etter hierar 321 Sauleiar pe pinensys. 10 Owens): listed anaemia ciielsiciac« crecinie cies ecieisc ae eee 409 Scenella varians Walcott, listed......... abe te DO Ate tay eas ete Oar 322, 353 Secret Canyon, Nevada, Middle Cambrian locality 55b.................. 309 senectus, see Corynexochus. Shan-tung, China, Middle Canibrian localities Cx, C2................ 366, 367 Middlev€ambrian locality IC4ee cera nee eerie ee sence 361, 366 localities. Cros (C5780 Voc hale cise te eee ei tee 306 OP tae ee en PARES ICE RP ES IN Oo 368 Shooks Gap, Tennessee, Middle Cambrian locality 1o.................... 371 Simpson Spring, Utah; Middle Cambrian locality: rms...s---e6 see eee ee 371 SUAMOPEO/ . SMUNG ta SPDs eli SteC an nmiaincceetere aici nice one mane ome cero ee 409 Sixteen Mile Canyon, Montana, Middle Cambrian locality 62i1........ 362, 425 Solenoptleura, sarlike: IAsa0 5, «ois... oc. ccheioie aajotsis «glee sinls hers. s oer ete 404 tumaida Walcott, “listed 5,6 a5, 0s.5 scias aoe ne aaiersors sehen oe eae 317 Spence shale, Wasatch Canyon, Utah, Middle Cambrian locality 1s aS eA ie moe ee cua aickases ae 230) Ven e76 Idaho, Middle Cambrian locality 55c........ 336, 341, 350, 351, 363, 408 spinulosus, see Corynexochus. Stenotheca clonzaial Walcotielisteda. ss sees seco ae eee 317, 353, 360 Srenotheca mecosa, (salli)rlistediae csc ect canrseastee eee ere ene orate eee ane 317 Stephen formation, Alberta and British Columbia, Middle Cambrian locali- tle Siati:toremh ax ce secs Se eEe week ees GE en eee 364 Ogygopsis zone, Middle Cambrian locality r4s........ 325, 346, 347, 351 MiddlesGambrianslocalityes Siecle eee eee 325, 347, 408 locality 57 ogc cce as sin baeo\s Sx Shae aelsj8)s 2's Aco eee 347 BOY acids ecunid ohera, 5 lense tes aust eyes ots 2. sles pene et ee 335 GSM. cicitcsels o he Sarno ee erat Me eee 378 stephenensis, see Corynexochus. stoliczkat, see Bathyuriscus. suecicus, see Dolichometopus. sylla, see Bathyuriscus (Poliella). Symphysurus Goldfuss, compared with Jll@nurus..... 22.00.00 e ec cecceees 405 SMintropmacounazia Walcott. listeda..snase een ooo eee ere 403 Swinnerton;: (cited), Sec micd sre oars, e wis eieev aie Shaws ee te REI ee 407 Tapeats sandstone, Arizona, Middle Cambrian locality 74................ 374 Teton Range, Wyoming, Middle Cambrian locality 4d................... 301 INDEX PAGE Tonto sandstone, Dolichometopus tontoensts from............0002-se0n0e 373 tontoensis, see Dolichometopus. Mrilobitessoenerarand species descriedane savas sess veists or sin ec d seer «ore 308 Tschang-hsing-tau Island, Manchuria, Middle Cambrian localities........ 346 MiddleiGambrian localities: 45m, S6@.4.4. 2000+... 04-255- 56+ 388 LE MOIG. transitiom arom DlOUMIUG).... +> oe0.s5 665 oe ace ence sevice n ens: < 400 canens Walcott, transition from Blountia.................2....6.- 400 ceres Walcott, transition trom Blowntta......-- sn. +2 < sss. nee oe 400 diciys Walcott! transition 10m Blounti@e.. ce. .cecss ener aos ee 400 typa, see Marjumia. unispinus, see Asaphiscus. Upper Canbrianglacality> wav, JUtalin. 1 o.2cc.eu se owe. = secre celasere ation ee 380 localities 30 I, goy, Orr formation, Utah.......... RSPR pouctee yatatotirare 374 BO, WWieeks tierminenmom, Witt scncacgoccocsdounuaaomeavc 386, 380 Zoro. Weeks: formations Wtalie mena veincsemc cei eee ae 389, 301 7&..78, ot. Lawrence formation, Wisconsin. ....<..: sostess« 412 7&, 85, St. Lawrence formation, Wisconsin..........0.0s1 406 1oz2a, Maryville limestone, Tennessee...................--- 300 Ko7,) Conasauga, formation: Mennessee...+....2206s02.-6 302, 3908 LOZ, NO7Us F2T a. MENnneSSees oc ste.re,c) sec eto ci ce diane Giese ees 300 TO CAPUeCMNess Ce wetness toeeie aye socio en ea eee 401 1o7e, Kittatinny ? limestone, Pennsylvania............. 302, 303 107g, Kittatinny ? limestone, Pennsylvania.+...........391, 392 TPP LAU SIGS Olicied eae as tere wa tia Rave he Sere cena Oo es age 406 mrezbe kentessee) pees Oae Calabamia) ae yess cane cites steele 400 En8a, Maryville limestone, Tennessee... 2.2.0.0... .000.s00004- 404 119, Maryville limestone, Tennessee...... 301, 392, 307, 300, 401 120;, Maryville limestone, Tennessee. ...52.05.c060002 25005 300, 401 123b, Maryville limestone, Tennessee.............. 302, 308, 401 125,) Mary valle) limestone, Wenmessee. qacac....-s sss: 0-2 oe 308 Ute formation, Idaho, Middle Cambrian locality 55c........ 341, 351, 363, 408 Spence shale, Utah, Middle Cambrian locality 55e......... 335, 341, 378 Vanuxemelia, compared with Bathyuriscus.........000.0.00cceecseeeoes 333 COMELIGLOR NO) COLEAMITSEE ice. eetinra sates cas ss stare akc eR estore tare eieues lo tenes 339 varro, see Dolichometopus (Housia). vermontara, see Mesonacis. Wades Gap, Alabama, Upper Cambrian locality 139a...........-..2.-0-: 400 Wasatch Canyon, Utah, Middle Cambrian locality 55e................ 335, 341 Wasatch Mountains, Utah, Middle Cambrian locality goa................ 336 Weeks formation, referred to Upper Cambrian (footnote).............. 354 Utah Upper tambrianrlocality. 20m). 2.2..0ss5,0e0acteous daedde 386, 3890 Upper Cambrian lnealiiv 30 On,u..20 escort cae cine Shee ae 380, 3901 Wheeler formation, Utah, Middle Cambrian localities 3s, 3t, 8g, 4, 15b.. 390 wheelerit, see Asaphiscus. White, cited, description of Asaphiscus wheeleri...........0..cecccececes 390 - aemanella sai onie Walcott) HSted. 4. casc.ceee aan ck dal ocids wow eee es 337 INDEX PAGE Wimanella simplex, associated with Bathyuriscus belus...........0.0005. 340 istic lige i eg chek ea: vie eiar sain ete ee RE tee ee oe Oe eee 330 Wolf Creek, Virginia, Middle Cambrian locality 47h..................... 384 Wolsey shale, Montana, Middle Cambrian localities 5f, 62].............. 384 MiddlesEambrianilocality{5o-s.ceee eer ee ee eee eee eee eee 384 localitivess 47%. imionkc 2e(adceec eee Cece RECO eee 385 G96) Ree ere et NI Gey Goreme tric Lea tanec amenity Amico OF 424 York, Pennsylvania, Middle Cambrian localities 48, 48d................ 350 York County, Pennsylvania, Lower Cambrian locality 48b............... 316 Lower, Cambrian localities: 49, 49a, 49W-. 25. 04-27 eneeee 315 York formation, Pennsylvania, Lower Cambrian locality 48b............. 316 Middlev? ‘Cambrian’ localities 48 48d a2. a5 1-6-6 eee 350 VOrkiat wanwervyc Walcott Mlistedcenmere aster eee eee ce oe eee 322 Vonks? WasShingone sisi Alcott. listed meee ce ceeae ee ee eee eerie 316 Zacanthoides, associated with Corynerochus brennus............ 0000000 314 Compared twith BachnyiriScusmeineces ce oar ic ae iracrneraees 333 LS te CMa tye hase ete ate eh Pee Oe Oe Tae 5 a Ee 3224220 Caton wNVialcottmlisted aa. aaa neice ee ee Mokraad cote eee Bry spinosus Walcott, associated with Ogygopsis klotzi................ 378 compated with Bathyunscus haydent. 2.0.22. 4.2. s00 seca 333 WS Heaney W sot reaae iota Reece Rue ne: hee tS ce er 360 PIMUAS Tec imcees seat ih reek Ach ones) cee Nice acc eee ae en 322 ivbicalésWialcotteelisted(. esis. cec eee ae en he een eee 409 sp. undt., associated with Bathyuriscus belus.....-.......---.s-«- 340 tetie2 sa PI mas "HULA 088 01421 4555