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LIMrtiicoantt RIWITRICROL IT PRA om Se urusie eee rRePmPReRaARI Rr nL Paeerrtirm Rata at ie ane Ak oe oe ee arrrre meter ema Pa. Ae Glen tot ee? ti 4 mma fe ar arti oa:e SS eS a ee

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1919

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SOME AUSTRALIAN FISHES OF THE FAMILY GOBIIDAL 7 ~~~

arto BY

: 2
Antan Re McCutnocn, Zoologist, Australian Museum,

and
J. Dovetas Oaripy, Zoologist, Queensland Museum.
(Plates xxxi,-xxxvVil.)

It was the original intention of the authors to revise all the Australian
species of the Family Gobiide, but circumstances have prevented us from
carrying out our design. We therefore submit descriptions and figures of
such species as we have been able to deal with, and give references to the
others. We have been unable to allocate some of the species dealt with
to any genera known to us, but as we lack several important papers on the
classification of the Gobiide, we have preferred to leave them under the
broader headings Gobius and Hleotris rather than create unnecessary
additions to the already long list of Gobioid genera.

We have had the advantage of examining the very large collections
contained in the Australian Museum, the Queensland Museum, the Macleay
Museum, and the South Australian Museum. These include numerous
types and cotypes, and many authentically labelled specimens, while the
Australian Museum is fortunate in possessing a representative series of
Indian fishes from the collection of the late Dr. Francis Day. All these
have enabled us to clear up many points in the synonymy of the species
dealt with.

We are greatly indebted to the Trustees of the Macleay Museum for
the loan of all the Gobies and Hleotrids under their charge. We also
have to thank Mr. Edgar R. Waite, Director of the South Australian
Museum, for the loan of those in his collection.

'

Key to the Subfamilies of the Gobuide.

a. Pectoral base very muscular and mobile; eyes erectile............. Periophthalminae.
aa. Pectoral base not unusually muscular or mobile; eyes not erectile.

b. Ventral fins more or less united, usually with an anterior membrane connecting
BMGISPLNOS Mia ate sepomeecn ke ibd bile it Aude ctl aM OOS Memes cani en asco Saeeatiedsacen Gobiinae.

bb. Ventral fins separate, with no anterior membrane between the spines..............
Eleotrinae.

Family GOBIID A.
Subfamily PERIOPHTHALMINAE.
Periophthalminae, Regan, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (8), vili., 1911, p. 733.

Hyes close together, prominent, erectile; base of pectoral fin very
muscular. Pectoral radials elongate, inserted on a broad, laminar ridge

of the cleithrum ; hypocoracoid and cleithrum enclosing a large foramen,
Vertebrae 25-26 (10-11-+-14-16).

1 This membrane is present in some species of Zonogobius (Z. nuchifasciatus ),
but is wanting in others (Z. semidoliatus ).

194 RECORDS OF THE AUSTRALIAN MUSEUM,

Key to Australian genera.

a. Soft dorsal with about 12 rays. ‘Teeth vertical in both jaws, conical, and

sub-equal.
b. Teeth uniserial in both jaws; scales small.....................cececeees Periophthalmus.
bb. Teeth biserial in the premaxillaries; scales larger............... Periophthalmodon.

aa. Soft dorsal with about 25 rays. Mandibular teeth more or less horizontal; those
of the premaxillaries unequal, some subulate.

c. Body scales small but distinct ; mandibular teeth arranged in a row which does
not Gurve inwards POShOKLOTLY <. fees pdavs ve onaeccnchasseunarsaea tier eae Boleophthalmus.

ce. Body scales rudimentary; mandibular teeth in a row which curves inward
POSDOTIONLY £552 tosses see eeis Vann saqseei ieee, od skcqainenepensexs Ckbeee arta ree mann Scartelaos.

PreriopurTuaLMus, Bloch §* Schneider.

Periophthalmus, Bloch & Schneider, Syst. Ichth., 1801, p. 63 (P. papilio,
Bloch & Schneider).

ELuchoristopus, Gill, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philad., 1863, p- 271 (Gobius
koelreuteri, Pallas).

,

Form moderately elongate, subcylindrical anteriorly, compressed
posteriorly. Body covered with small, cycloid scales, which extend onto
the head, Mouth rather small, horizontal, the upper jaw overhanging
the lower; lips with fleshy lobes and swellings. Eyes erectile, contiguous,
on the upper profile of the head ; lower eyelid well developed. Anterior
nostrils opening in lobules above the upper lip; posterior nostrils simple
openings before the eye. Teeth in a single row in each jaw, vertical,
conical, and pointed. Tongue thick, adnate to the floor of the mouth.
Gill-openings lateral, separated by a broad isthmus. Two dorsal fins, the
first with spines varying in number up to fifteen; second dorsal short,
with about twelve rays. Anal opposite and similar to the second dorsal.
Pectoral with a scaly muscular base. Ventrals more or less united or
wholly separate, with one spine and five rays.

Small fishes of the estuaries and mud-flats of the tropical Indian and
Pacific Oceans, one species ranging northward to Japan.
PERIOPHTHALMUS KOELREUTERI (Pallas), Giinther.
var. ARGENTILINEATUS, Cuvier § Valenciennes.
(Plate xxxi., fig. 1.)

Periophthalmus koelrenteri (Pallas), Giinther, Brit. Mus. Cat. Fish., iil.,
1861, p. 97.

Periophthalmus argentilineatus, Cuvier & Valenciennes, Hist. Nat. Poiss.,
xii., 1837, p. 191.

D. xii-xvi/12-13; A. 12; P.13; V.i/5; C. 15. Depth 5-7 in the
length to the hypural joint; head 4-2 in the same. Eye 4 in the head.
First dorsal spine 1-1, median dorsal rays 2:1, median anal rays 2°7 in the
head.

AUSTRALIAN GOBILDM—McCULLOCH AND OGILBY. 195

Head largely naked, the upper posterior portion of the cheeks and
opercles covered with imperfect scales. Kye elevated, contiguous with
its fellow on the upper profile of the head ; lower eyelid distinct. Snout
broad and rounded, with two fleshy protuberances over the mouth, at the
tips of which are the anterior nostrils ; posterior nostrils situated a little
in advance of the eye. Upper lip thick and fleshy, expanded into a broad
lobe posteriorly, lower lip with a thick swelling posteriorly ; angle of the
mouth falling below the middle of the eye. Teeth in each jaw ina single
row, short and conical, a few slightly enlarged ; palate toothless. Tongue
adnate to the floor of the mouth. Gill-opening lateral, not so wide as the
isthmus.

Body covered with small cycloid scales which extend forward to behind
the eyes, and cover the base of the pectoral and portion of the breast.
There are about seventy rows between the base of the pectoral and the
hypural joint, and about twenty-four between the anterior dorsal and anal
rays. Genital papilla well developed.

First dorsal commencing behind the base of the pectorals; the first
spine is usually highest, and the succeeding ones decrease rapidly in length
so that the fin is emarginate anteriorly, but may be obliquely truncate ; it
is separated from the second dorsal by a short interspace. Second dorsal
slightly rounded, the middle rays a little longer than the others. Anal
opposite the second dorsal but a little more rounded and lower than that
fin. Pectoral a little pointed, the median rays longest and reaching the
vertical of the vent. Ventrals inserted well before the pectorals, with
short, thick rays, and united by a membrane which is so deeply incised
that they are almost separate. Caudal broadly rounded, with its lower
rays thickened, pennulate and short.

Colour-marking.—Greyish brown, with dark bars descending obliquely
forward onto the sides; the lower portions of the sides with hghter spots
and bars, the head dotted with white. Basal half of the dorsal fins grey,
closely speckled with white; a broad, black, white-edged, submarginal
band is present on each fin, the broader outer edge forming their white
margins. Caudal with irregular bars of dark spots on the rays. Pectoral
spotted like the caudal. Ventrals and anal white, with dusky markings.

The above description is based on seven examples, 50-90 mm. long ;
the proportions are those of the largest specimen, which is figured. They
were taken together at King Sound, North Western Australia, and are
similar in all structural details and colour-marking, varying only in the
relative lengths of their anterior dorsal spines.

Vuriution.—A series of thirty-two specimens 28-94 mm. long, collected
together within a space of a few yards at Cooktown, exhibits remarkable
variation in the form and construction of the first dorsal fin. The spines
vary from 8-15, the number being usually, though not always greater in
the larger examples. The posterior spines are sometimes present in young
examples, though very minute and difficult to detect ; in others they are
wholly wanting, and the fin ends abruptly at the eighth or ninth spine.
The distance between the two dorsal fins is greater or smaller according
to the number of spines developed posteriorly. The margin of the fin is
rounded in younger specimens, but in adults the anterior spines are

196 RECORDS OF THE AUSTRALIAN MUSEUM.

somewhat produced, so that the margin becomes excavate as in the
specimen figured. The following table illustrates the variation of seven
examples selected from the above series.

Length. Number of spines. Shape of fin.
28 mm. 9 rounded.
a os 15 ij

34 ,, 5 RS

Oe. iis 10 es
a 13 emarginate,
hae 15 4

94 ,, 13 zr

Habits—The habits of P. koelreuteri have been observed by one of us
(McCulloch) at several localities in Queensland. They move freely about
on the mud, when the tide is out, in search of small crustaceans and
insects, upon which they feed. When alarmed they skip rapidly away by
means of their powerful pectoral, ventral and caudal fins, and retreat into
a crab-burrow or some other crevice. At Cooktown, they were abundant
around a narrow stream, a few yards in width, which enters Finche Bay ;
although many were driven towards the water, it was observed that none
entered it, but skipped over its surface in a series of short quick leaps to
the other side.

At Port Curtis, it was noted that the rapid jumping movements
usually seen when they are on land are only adopted as a means of escape.
When undisturbed, they move in stages of two or three inches by raising
the fore-part of the body on the pectorals, levering themselves forward ;
at the same time the ventrals are moved forward so that they act alter-
nately with the pectorals, each fin of either pair moving in unison with
its fellow. After each interval of walking, the fish looks around for prey
by means of its elevated eyes, which are occasionally turned down into
their sockets, apparently to moisten them. The agility of these little
fishes on the mud is so great that it is difficult to secure specimens without
injuring them, and series could only be secured for study with a large
cloth, which was spread over the mud, and suddenly lifted by strings
when the fishes hopped over it. They are astonishingly fearless, and if
driven from their feeding grounds, soon return, approaching to within a
few inches of one if no movement alarms them.

These fishes are very vicious towards one another, and the smaller
examples were noticed to retreat before the approach of their larger
fellows. From the fact that small crabs scurry into their burrows at the
approach of a Periophthalmus, it would seem that they largely supply it
with food, and one fish was observed to spring a distance of about six
inches at a crab, which it secured and munched with evident relish.

At Epi, in the New Hebrides, numbers of Periophthalmus were
observed basking together in the hot sun on top of smooth basaltie rocks,
about five feet above the level of the sea. It was also noted that specimens
placed in glass jars could climb the smooth surface of the glass with ease,
although their ventrals are not united into sucking discs as in the gobies.

AUSTRALIAN GOBIIDH®—McCULLOCH AND OGILBY. 197

Identity—The species here described and figured is the commonest
Australian species of Periophthalmus, and has been generally identified as
P. koelreuteri, Pallas. It appears probable, however, that several species
have been united under that name, the limits and variations of which do
not appear to have been satisfactorily determined, so we are not sure that
our specimens are correctly identified with Pallas’s species. They are
apparently referable to the variety urgentilineatus, Cuvier and Valen-
ciennes.

Locs.—We have examined specimens having the same characters as
those described above from the following localities. Cape Bedford,
Queensland ; coll. C. Hedley & E. A. Briggs, August, 1916. Cooktown,
Queensland ; coll. McCulloch, June, 1918. Sunday Island, King Sound,
North-western Australia; coll. Dr. H. Basedow. India; Dr. Francis
Day’s collection. Samoa; coll. Prof. D. 8. Jordan. Bougainville Island,
Solomon Group ; coll. Count Morner.

PrRIOPHTHALMODON, Bleeker.

Periophthalmodon, Bleeker, Arch. Neerl. Sc. Nat., ix., 1874, p. 326 (Gobius
' — schlosseri, Pallas).

This genus only differs from Periophthulmus in having larger scales
on the head and body, and in its dentition. There are about fifty rows of
scales between the pectoral base and the hypural joint, and the mandibular
teeth are in two rows, the outer ones being canines and the inner smaller.

Distribution.—Bay of Bengal to Northern Australia and the Western
Pacific Ocean.

PHRIOPHTHALMODON BARBARUS, Linneé.
(Plate xxxi., fig. 2.)

Gobius barburus, Linné, Syst. Nat. (12th ed.), 1766, p. 450. Jd., Bonna-
terre, Encycl. Meth., Ichth., 1788, p. 63, pl. xxxv., fig. 137.
Gobius schlosseri, Pallas, Spicil. Zool., viii., 1770, p. 1, pl. i., figs. 1-4.
Periophthalnus schlosseri, Cuvier & Valenciennes, Hist. Nat. Poiss., xii.,
1837, p. 192. Id., Giinther, Brit. Mus. Cat. Fish., iii., 1861, p. 100.
Id., Day, Fish. India, 1876, p. 304, pl. Ixvi., fig. 4 (vide synonymy).
Periophthalimus schlosseri(, Ginther, Challenger Rept., ZGool., i., 1880, p. 33.
Id., Garman, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., xxxix., 1903, p. 235.
Periophthalmus australis, Castelnau, Res. Fish. Aust. (Vict. Offic. Rec.
Philad. Exhib.), 1875, p. 22. Id., Alleyne & Macleay, Proc. Linn.
Soc. N.S.Wales, i., 1877, p. 334, pl. xi., fig. 3. Id., Castelnau, Proc.
Linn. Soc. N.S.Wales, iii., 1878, p. 48. dd., Macleay, Proc. Linn.
Soc. N.S.Wales, v., 1881, p. 614, and viil., 1883, p. 206. Jd., Kent,
Proc. Roy. Soc. Qld., vi., 1889, p. 240.
D. iv/13; A.12; P.16; V.i/5; C.15. Depth 43 in the length to the
hypural joint; head 3:1 in the same. Hye 6-2 in the head. First dorsal
spine 271, eleventh dorsal ray 2, tenth anal ray 3:1 in the head.

198 RECORDS OF THE AUSTRALIAN MUSEUM.

Head covered with large scales, the throat naked. Eye elevated,
touching its fellow on the upper profile of the head ; lower eyelid distinct.
Snout broad and rounded, with paired fleshy protuberances; two fleshy
lobes over the upper lip, into which the anterior nostrils open. Upper
lip thick, the lower with a fleshy lobe posteriorly ; angle of the mouth
falling below the hinder margin of the eye. Premaxillaries with several
strong canines near the symphysis, followed by smaller teeth on the sides;
an inner row of small teeth anteriorly. Mandibular teeth in a single row,
and smaller than those of the upper jaw. Tongue adnate to the floor of
the mouth. Gill-opening lateral, about as wide as the isthmus.

Body covered with scales of moderate size, which extend forward to
the eyes, and onto the breast and base of the pectoral. There are fifty
rows between the base of the pectoral and the hypural joint, and about
fourteen between the anterior dorsal and anal rays. Genital papilla well
developed.

First dorsal commencing well behind the base of the pectorals ; the
first spine is highest, the others decrease backward, and the space between
the last and the anterior ray is equal to about two-thirds the length of
the head. Second dorsal increasing in height to about the eleventh ray,
which is as high as the first spine. Anal opposite and of similar form to
the second dorsal, but lower. Pectoral rounded, with bifurcate rays, the
median ones longest, but scarcely reaching the vertical of the vent; the
lower half of the median rays is covered with stout scales. Ventrals
inserted beneath the end of the operculum, the two fins completely united.
Candal rounded, its lower rays short.

Colour.—General colour dark brown in formaline, white below, each
scale of the lower portion of the sides with a bluish centre. Dorsals,
pectorals and candal brownish, with light margins; ventrals and anal
white.

Described and figured from a specimen 197 mm, long. Twelve other
specimens 163-255 mm. long exhibit but little variation, though some have
five instead of four dorsal spines.

Synonymy.—The name Gobius barbarus, Linné, should apparently
apply to this species, and not to I. koelreuteri, to which it has hitherto
been refered. Linné quoted no references under his G. barbarus, while
such characters as he gives do not enable one to identify his species.
Pallas later described P. schlosseri and P. koelreuteri, but his work is
unfortunately not available to us. Bonnaterre, however, gave recognisable
figures of both * Le Schlosser” and “ Le Koelreuter,” which were copied
from Pallas according to Cuvier and Valenciennes*, and he attached the
name G. baurbarus to the former. As there seems to be no reason to
suppose he was incorrect, we follow him in identifying Linné’s species
with P. schlosseri. .

Periophthalmus australis, Castelnau, described from Northern Queens-
land, is evidently synonymous with P. barbarus.

* Cuvier & Valenciennes—Hist. Nat. Poiss., xii., 1837, pp. 181 and 192—
footnotes.

AUSTRALIAN GOBITLDH—McCULLOCH AND OGILBY. 199

Locs.—Cairns, North Queensland. Cooktown, North Queensland ;
coll. HE. A. C. Olive. Paira Creek, Cape York; coll. Hedley and
McCulloch, October, 1907. Melville Island, Northern Australia.

In addition to these localities the species has been recognised from
Keppel Bay (Garman) ; Cardwell (Giinther) ; Burdekin and Mary Rivers
(Macleay); Cape York (Macleay); Norman River (Castelnan); Port
Darwin (Macleay and Kent). Tenison Woods? intimates that the
species occurs:in the Richmond River, New South Wales, but this is
doubtless incorrect.

BoLeoputHaLmMes, Cuvier §- Valenciennes.

Boleophthalmus, Cuvier & Valenciennes, Hist. Nat. Poiss., xii., 1837, p. 198
(Gobius boddaerti, Pallas). Id., Giinther, Brit. Mus. Cat. Fish., iii.,
1861, p.101. Jd., Day, Fish. India, 1876, p. 304. Id., Jordan &
Snyder, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus., xxiv., 1901, p. 47.

Form moderately elongate, subcylindrical anteriorly, compressed.
posteriorly. Body covered with small or rather large scales, which
become rudimentary anteriorly, and are obsolete on the head. Mouth of
moderate size, a little oblique, the upper jaw overlapping the lower.
Kyes prominent, placed high in the head, close together; lower eyelid
well developed. Teeth uniserial in the premaxillaries, some of the
anterior ones large and subulate, the others becoming abruptly smaller ;
mandibular teeth almost horizontal, flattened and usually notched at their
tips; they are largest anteriorly and arranged in a row which does not
curve inward posteriorly ; a large inner canine on each side of the man-
dibular symphysis. Tongue thick and rounded, adnate to the floor of the
mouth. Gill-opening lateral, separated by a broad isthmus. Dorsal fins
separate, the first high, with about five spines. Second dorsal long, with
25-28 rays; anal similar to the second dorsal. Pectorals with a scaly,
muscular base. Ventrals completely united.

BoLeEoPHTHALMUS CAERULEOMACULATUS, McCulloch § Waite.

Boleophthalmus caeruleomaculatus, McCulloch & Waite, Ree. S. Austr.
Mas, 1: 1, tole. 70. pl. ynis fer 1

Loc.—Adelaide River, Northern Territory.

Genus ScARTELAOS, Swainson.
Scartelaos, Swainson, Nat. Hist. Classif. Fish., 11., 1839, p. 279 (Gobius
’ ] -] b]
viridis, Buchanan).

Boleops, Gill, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philad., 1863, p. 271 (Boleophthalius
aucupatorius, Richardson).

3 Tenison Woods—Fish and Fisheries N.S.Wales, 1882, p. 27.

200 RECORDS OF THE AUSTRALIAN MUSEUM.

Body elongate and compressed, wholly or partly covered with minute
rudimentary scales which become obsolete on the head, Head large,
wider than deep, opercular region swollen. Snout rounded, the upper
jaw longest ; mouth wide, slightly oblique, the upper lip thick and the
lower thin; the jaw laterally fringed. Premaxillary teeth uniserial an-
teriorly, large and subulate, becoming abruptly smaller posteriorly ;
mandibular teeth similar but smaller, the posterior ones in a row which
curves inward ; a large canine on each side of the mandibular symphysis.
Tongue adnate, with a rounded tip. Anterior nostril in an elongate tube
situated at the outer angle of the snout. Eyes superior, protractile,
contiguous. Gill-opening narrow and snbvertical, the isthmus wide ; five
branchiostegals. First dorsal with five flexible spines, one or more of
which may be produced into filaments; second dorsal low with a rudi-
mentary spine and 26-29 rays. Anal similar to the second dorsal with
i/24-26 rays. Pectoral short and rounded with 13-21 rays and a strong
muscular base. Ventrals wholly united, with i/5 rays. Candal cuneate,
with 13-15 rays of which the lower are short and muscular. Intestinal
canal long, with many convolutions. Vertebriae 25 (11-+-14).

Affinities.—Scurtelaos is very closely allied to Boleophthalmus, but
differs in having the mandibular teeth subulate and arranged in a row
which curves inward posteriorly; the body is more elongate, and covered
with only minute rudimentary scales.

In addition to the genotype, this genus includes Boleophthalmus tenuis,
Day, and B. glaucus, Day®.

Habitat—Small fishes from the litoral zone of the Indian, Malay-
sian and North Australian Seas, frequenting the mud-flats of tidal rivers.

SCARTELAOS VIRIDIS, Buchanan.
(Plate xxxii., fig. 1.)

Gobius viridis, Buchanan, Fish. Ganges, 1822, pp. 42, 45, 366, pl. xxxii.,
fig. 12.

Boleophthalmus histiophorus, Cuvier & Valenciennes, Hist. Nat. Poiss., xii.,
1837, p. 210.

Boleophthalivus viridis, Cuvier & Valenciennes, Tbid., p- 213. Td., Cantor,
Cat. Malay. Fish., 1850, p. 195. Id., Bleeker, Verh. Bat. Gen., xxv.,
1853, Beng. en Hind., p. 50. IJd., Giinther, Brit. Mus. Cat. Fish.,
iii., 1861, p. 104. Id., Day, Fish. India, 1876, p. 307, pl. Ixvi., fig. 5.
Id., Waite, Rec. Austr. Mus., iv., 1902, p. 194.

Boleophthalmus sinicus, Cuvier & Valenciennes, Hist. Nat. Poiss., xii.,
1837, p. 215.

Boleophthalmus chinensis, Cuvier & Valenciennes, Ibid.

Boleophthalivus ancupatoris, Richardson, Voy. * Sulphur,” 1842, p- 148,
pl. xhi., figs. 1-2, and Rept. Ichth. China, 1846, p. 208.

4 Day—Fish. India, 1876, p. 305, pl. lxv., fig. 1.
®° Day—Ibid., p. 306, pl. Ixv., fig. 3.

nl
oO

AUSTRALIAN GOBIIDE—McCULLOCH AND OGILBY. 201

Apocryptes macrophthalmus, Castelnau, Proc. Zool. Soc. Vict., ii., 1873,
p. 87.

Gobiosoma guttulutum, Macleay, Proc. Linn. Soc. N.S.Wales, ii., 1878, p.
of; pl. ix., fig. 6:

? Gobiosoma punctularum, De Vis, Proc. Linn, Soc. N.S.Wales, vii, 1884,

p. 449.
Scarteluos viridis, Jordan & Seale, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus., xxviii., 1905, p.
794, fig. 5.

Pseudapocryptes guttulatum, Jordan & Seale, Bull. U.S. Fish. Burean,
xxv., 1906, p. 408.
? Pseudapocryptes punctularum, Jordan & Seale, [bid.

D. v, i/26-27; A. i/24-26; P. 21; V.i/5; C.17. Depth of the body
6:5-9-1 in its length®; and equal to about half the length of the head;
head 3°6-4°4 in the length of the body, one-fifth to one-third wider than
deep, and two-fifths to two-thirds longer than wide. Eye 3°75-5°5 in the
head and shorter than the snout, which is 3°1-3°S in the head. Breadth
of the body behind the pectorals 1°2-1-5 in the depth.

Upper surface and sides of the head with non-imbricate rudimentary
scales, appearing as pit-like depressions. Profile of the snout strongly
rounded. Anterior border of the upper lip with eleven unequal papille,
the lateral border crenulate. Mandible with a well developed mental
barbule. Cleft of the mouth extending to below the posterior border of
the eye, its length, 2°3-2°8 in that of the head. Upper jaw with seven or
eight pairs of enlarged subulate teeth, which are followed by six to eight
similar, but much smaller, teeth ; mandible with fifteen pairs of enlarged
teeth, and four smaller ones behind them; a pair of strong recurved
canines at the symphysis.

Body gently tapering from the shoulders backward, and everywhere
covered with minute scales.

Spinous dorsal originating above the posterior third of the adpressed
ventrals; the length of its narrow base, including the small terminal
membrane, is somewhat less than the length of the snout. Third dorsal
spine longest, and filamentous; in the male it may extend to the eighteenth
dorsal ray, its length being 2-1 in that of the body; in the female it
sometimes reaches the sixth ray, and may be 3°87 in the body-length.
Second dorsal rays gradually increasing to or nearly to the antepenultimate,
the longest 2°2-2°8 in the head; membrane of the last ray narrowly united
to the upper caudal ray. Anal originating below the second dorsal ray,
and rather lower than that fin; the membrane of the last ray just reaches
the base of the caudal. Median pectoral rays longest, extending to below
the last dorsal spine, and 1°8-2:1 in the head. Ventrals inserted slightly
in advance of the pectoral, as long as or a little longer than that fin,
Middle caudal rays longest, 34-41 in the body-length.

6 The body is deeper in smaller examples than in larger ones owing to the
gradual elongation of the tail with age. In a specimen 68 mm. long, the vent is
nearer the base of the caudal than the end of the snout; in another measuring 105
mm.,it is midway between those two points, while in a 136 mm. example it is one-
fourth nearer the end of the snout.

202 RECORDS OF THE AUSTRALIAN MUSEUM.

Colour.—Blue-grey, the upper surface usually washed with brown and
bearing a few small widely scattered black spots; lips, throat, and
abdominal region bluish white. Many specimens have a number of short
black cross-bars on the middle of the sides, which are most developed in
specimens of medium size and tend to disappear in larger ones. Produced
portion of the spinous dorsal blackish, the basal portion like the back and
occasionally with a few small black spots. Soft dorsal brownish-blue,
and sparsely spotted with black. Caudal bluish-grey, the inferior rays
white, and with numerous black spots arranged in irregular transverse
series, Anal and ventrals yellowish-white. Pectorals dark grey, with a
broad lighter border and some black spots on the base.

Described from eight examples 68-140 mm. long from the Burnett
River Heads ; the figure represents one of these 136 mm, long,

Synonymy.—We have examined the eight co-types of Gobiosoma
guttulatum, Macleay, and find them similar to the specimens described in
all details; in Macleay’s figure, the angulated muscle-bars are too pro-
nounced, their appearance being exaggerated by contraction due to the
effects of their preservative fluid. The type of G. punctularum, De Vis,
cannot be found in the collection of the Queensland Museum ; its brief
description suggests that it is synonymous with S. viridis, the differences
noted between it and G. guttulatum being apparently of little value.
Caste]nan’s description of his Apocryptes macrophthalmus from Port Darwin
leaves little doubt that that species also is synonymous with S. viridis.

Habits.—These little fishes frequent mud-flats and mangrove swamps,
and so soon as the receding tide leaves the flats uncovered, they emerge
from the holes in which they lie concealed during the prevalence of the
flood. They traverse the mud with astonishing rapidity, their powerful
pectoral, ventral and caudal muscles enabling them to leap and bound
over its yielding surface in search of the small creatures on which they
subsist. They can extrude or retract the eyes at will, and we are informed
by Dr. Bancroft that they can partly raise themselves upon their ventral
fins and tail so as to gain a wider outlook. He also notes that they hold
the spinous dorsal fully erect when moving over the mud. Dussumier?
observed these fishes in the delta of the River Ganges, and wrote :—
“ They are abundant on the mud-flats, over which they skip in pursuit of
small crustaceans; when an attempt is made to capture them they bury
themselves with great celerity in the mud, or if that be to hard they hur riedly
seek a crab-hole, in which to take refuge ; when they are in the water
they frequently raise the head above the surface.” Referring to this
latter peculiarity Dr. Bancroft writes :—‘“ When pursued it skips into
the water, swims a few feet, and then protrudes its head with its goggle-
eyes thrust forth to their full extent ; and from this point of vantage, it
stares impudently at its would-be captor. ” Writing of an allied species,
Boleophthalmus pectinirostris, Jordan’ says :— The animal has the power
of skipping along over the wet sands and mud, even skimming with great
speed over the surface of the water. It chases its insect prey among
rocks, leaves and weeds, and out of the water is as agile as a lizard.”

7 Cuvier & Valenciennes—Hist. Nat. Poiss., xii., 1837, p. 213.
* Jordan—Guide Study of Fishes, ii., 1905, p. 465.

AUSTRALIAN GOBILDAM—McCULLOCH AND OGILBY. 203
According to Dussumier, the natives of Surat consume large quantities
of these fishes in a salted or dried state, mixing them with boiled rice.

Locs.—Deception Bay and Burnett River Heads; coll. Dr. T. L,
Bancroft. Other specimens are. in the Queensland Museum from the
estuaries of the Brisbane River, Pioneer River, Barron River, and the
Ross River at Townsville. The co-types of Gobiosoma guttulatum,
Macleay, were secured at Port Darwin, which is also the locality of
Apoeryptes macrophthalmus, Castelnau. Waite recorded the species from
Broome and the Lennard River, North-Western Australia.

Distribution.—From the West Coast of India to the Malay Peninsula
and the China Sea; New Guinea, North and North-Eastern Australia.

Subfamily Gopiran.

The subfamilies Gobiine and Hleotrine have been regarded as well
defined families by some authors, they being separated on the structure of
their ventral fins. In the Gobiine, the ventrals are juxtaposed and usually
united into a complete disc, which is generally supplemented by an anterior
membrane connecting the spines; further, the fifth rays are generally as
long as the fourth. In the Hleotrine the ventrals are separate; there is
no anterior membrane, and the fifth ray is shorter than the fourth. Were
these characters constant, the subdivision of the two groups would present
no difficulties, but in some species the ventral structures are more or less
intermediate between the two types.

The highly specialised Callogobius sclateri, which has hitherto been
regarded as an Hleotrid, is very similar in all its major characters to the
other species of the genus, but has eleotrid ventrals as defined above
though there is a membrane connecting the bases of the inner rays; in C,
hasseltii the fourth ray is distinctly longer than the fifth, but the ventrals
are otherwise of gobioid form. In Zonogobius the ventrals are completely
united, but the fifth ray is shorter than the fourth; in the typical form
4. semidoliatus, there is no trace of an anterior membrane between the
spines, but this structure is well developed in Z. nuchifasciatus. The
ventrals of Quisquilius eugenius are similar to those of Z. semidoliatus, but
it has been regarded as an Hleotrid by Jordan and his colleagues though
Weber associaties it with the Gobies.

These intermediate forms are few in number, however, and the
greater mass of species of both groups are readily separable into one or
the other section. Under these circumstances, it seems unnecessary to
maintain separate families for the Hleotrids and Gobies, though they can
be conveniently classified as subfamilies, distinguished by the complete or
partial junction (Gobiine), or the complete separation of their ventral
fins (Hleotrine).

Provisional key to the Australian genera and species known to the
authors.

a. Soft dorsal and anal long, partly united with the caudal; D. vi/38-48. Body
anguilliform, naked. Eyes minute, teeth long and curved.

b. Head with prominent raised papillose ridges................ccceeceeeeeee eae e ee Leme, spp.

204 RECORDS OF THE AUSTRALIAN MUSEUM,

66., Head without. such ridges... c.cietssrss.cvonsnzeiptaconmaneeds <axgeeedenniatens Tuenioides, sp.
aa. Soft dorsal and anal shorter, free from the caudal.
c. Body naked, compressed and elevated...............ss:ssssescsceesseeeeeeses Gobiodon, spp.
ce. Body scaly.
d. Chin and mandible with barbles, cheeks and opercles scaly......................0.0e0 eee

Parachaeturichthys, sp.
dd. Chin and mandible without barbles.
6. First dorsal with: 7-8 pines... lc; /<.evaresdankeuns cescb conn eke eoenentivian (Gobius) pictus.
ee. First dorsal with 6 spines.
/. Head with very prominent raised papillose ridges.................. Callogobius, sp.
fi. Head with only microscopic papill# in rows.
g. Opercles scaly, cheeks naked or scaly.
h. Cheek scales large and distinct. ,..............cscsecseseseencoaenqeaesoosna Eryrias, sp.
hh. Cheek seales indistinct or wanting.
i. Forty or more scales in a longitudinal row,................. Mugilogobius devisi,
vi. Less than forty scales in a longitudinal row.
j. Head subeylindrical posteriorly, about as broad as deep.

k. Seales of nape and operculum smiall..................... Mugilogobius galwayi.
kk. Seales of nape and operculum enlarged................... (Gobius) flavescens.
jj- Head compressed, deeper than broad.,...................0004- (Gobius) australis.

gg. Opercles naked or nearly naked, cheeks naked.
l. Exposed edge of shoulder-girdle with fleshy lobes....................dwaous, sp.
ll. Exposed edge of shoulder-girdle smooth.
m. Upper pectoral rays free and silk-like.
n. Tongue truncate or rounded anteriorly............... 0.2... 0cc00e cee Gobius, sp.
ui, “Tongue emarpinate anteriorly........<.0cscccc.-cesur.saventessnweser tas Muapo, spp.
mm. Upper pectoral rays not free nor differentiated from the others.
o. ‘longue deeply notched anteriorly................... ccc. ceeeee Glossogobius, spp.
oo. ‘longue not deeply notched.
p. Head subspherical, with spines or large papillw........... Paragobiodon, sp.
pp. Head longer, without spines or large papille.
q. Seales larger, 36 or less in a longitudinal row.
r. Nape and greater portion of neck naked.

s. Gill-openings extending well forward below, fifth ventral ray shorter
PRnMNY CRS MOUs a5 pansap scat cits aot ors nese Toshk eee Zonogobius, sp.

ss. Gill-openings not extending forward below, fifth ventral ray as long
as the fourth.

t. Breast and pectoral base naked....................000068 (Gobius) lidwilli,
tt. Breast and pectoral base scaly.

u. Caudal pointed, body longer..................... (Gobius) bifrenatus and
(Gobius) semifrenatus,

uu, Caudal rounded, body shorter..................065 _.... Rhinogobius, spp.
rr. Nape and neck scaly.

v. Snout pointed, maxilla extending to below the orbital border...........
ait (Gobius) hyt
obius) neophytus.

ve. Snout obtuse, maxilla extending beyond the orbital border.............
(Gobius) lateralis.

AUSTRALIAN GOBIIDH—McCULLOCH AND OGILBY. 205

qq. Seales smaller, more than 36 in a/longitudinal row.

w. Mouth very large, maxilla produced backward toward the preoper-
OU Ae eR ead orbits so uaa ane ko lace ae enradtae Waitea, sp.

ww. Mouth normal, maxilla not specially produced.

a. About 15 dorsal and anal rays, snout tumid, caudal rounded............
Amblygobius, spp.

ax. 13 or less dorsal and anal rays, snout normal.

y. Scales minute, about 90 in a longitudinal row...... Cryptocentrus, sp.
yy. Seales larger.

ae N ame scalliyn tesla satnctendoact ce ncguso kena nebeeeudoeooteo Oxyurichthys, spp-
es UNape maka. 5. iccsacnses waxes cetecnreemegs tenant ecuaehiee (Gobius) eremius.

Genus Lemu, De Vis.

Leme, De Vis, Proc. Linn. Soc. N.S.Wales, viii., 1883, p. 286 (L. mordaz,
De Vis).

Body elongate, subcylindrical anteriorly, compressed posteriorly. It
is wholly naked; lateral line defined by a groove along which are fleshy
swellings on the tail portion. Head subquadrilateral, with raised ridges
of papille radiating from the eye, on the cheeks, opercles and mandible.
Hye obsolete. Mouth very oblique, with broad lobulate lips; mandible
with barbles. An outer row of subulate teeth in each jaw, followed by a
narrow band of villiform ones; no teeth on the palate. Tongue thick,
rounded anteriorly, largely adnate to the floor of the mouth. Gill-
openings broad, lateral, separated by a wide interspace ; exposed edge of
shoulder-girdle smooth. Four branchoiostegals. One long dorsal fin,
with six spines and about 38-48 branched rays, the last united with the
caudal base. Anal similar to the soft dorsal. Pectorals well developed,
with bifurcate rays. Ventrals united into a large disc, with one spine
and five rays. Caudal well developed, pointed.

This genus is very near 'aenioides, Lacepede, but differs in having
prominent ridges of papille on the head.

a. About 48 dorsal rays; head about 93 in total length...............cccceceeee ees mordaa.
aa. About 37 dorsal rays ; head about 7 in total length..................... purpurascens.

Lume morpax, De Vis.
(Plate xxxi., fig. 4.)
Leme mordax, De Vis, Proce. Linn. Soc. N.S.Wales, viil., 1883, p. 286.

D. vi/48; A. 46; P.16; V.i/5; C.15. Length to the vent 2-4 in
the tail. Head, measured from the premaxillary symphysis to the upper
angle of the gill-opening, 9-4 in the total length, and 1:8 in its distance
from the vent. Depth before the ventrals 1:7, pectoral 3:2, and ventrals
1-2 in the head.

Head subquadrilateral, with raised ridges of papille which are
disposed as in the accompanying illustration of L. purpurascens. Anterior
nostril opening in a fleshy lobe behind the upper lip, the posterior a larger

206 KECORDS OF THE AUSTRALIAN MUSEUM.

pore before the eye. Eye minute, hidden in the skin on the upper surface
of the head. Mouth subvertical, with broad lobate lips; lower jaw pro-
jecting. Mandible with three paired barbles increasing in size backward,
and one almost between the median pair. An outer row of exposed
subulate teeth in each jaw, which are largest towards the symphyses ;
these are followed by a band of villiform teeth which is widest anteriorly
and narrows laterally; palate toothless. Gill-openings separated by a
space equal to that between the posterior nostrils.

Body wholly naked, lacking even rudimentary seales. A lateral line
is indicated by a groove upon which are large fleshy swellings on the tail
portion. A small genital papilla.

Dorsal fin commencing above the end of the ventrals, the distance
separating it from the gill-opening a little less than that between the
latter point and the snout; the five anterior spines increase regularly in
length, the sixth is shorter than the fifth and widely separated from the
others ; they are completely united with each other and with the rays by
a thick membrane. Dorsal rays branched, increasing in length to about
the middle of the fin, then decreasing backward ; the last is united with
the base of the caudal by membrane, but its tip forms a free lobe. Anal
similar to the soft dorsal. Pectoral small, rounded, with branched rays.
Ventrals large, completely united, with a broad basal membrane. Caudal
pointed. ,

Colourless after long preservation in alcohol.

Described and figured from a specimen 218 mm. long, from Ripple
Creek, Herbert River, Queensland, which is very close to the Murray
River whence the typical example was obtained. It differs from De Vis’
description in being wholly naked and in having branched rays in all the
fins; the head is less than one-ninth of the total length instead of one-
eighteenth, and there are no palatine teeth. Notwithstanding these
discrepancies, it seems probable that the specimen is correctly identified
as L. mordax.

Variation.—A second specimen from Cooktown, 190 mm. long, is very
similar, but lacks the median mandibular barble. The head is one-tenth
of the total length and it has vi/47 rays in the dorsal fin and 46 in the
anal,

Locs.— Ripple Creek, Herbert River, and Cooktown, Queensland.

LEME PURPURASCENS, De Vis.
(Plate xxxi., fig. 3.)

Leme purpurascens, De Vis, Proc. Linn. Soc. N.S.Wales, ix., 1884, p. 698.

Grobioides purpurascens, Ogilby, Cat. Fish. N.S.Wales, 1886, p. 36. Id.,
Waite, Mem. N.S.Wales Nat. Club, ii., 1904, p. 46.

Amblyopus niger, De Vis, Proce. Linn. Soc. N.S.Wales, ix., 1884, p. 698.

D. vi/37; A. 36; P.16?; V.i/5; C.15? Length to the vent 1-8
in the tail. Head, without the mandible, 7 in the total length, and 1-6 in
its distance from the vent. Depth before the ventrals 1:8, pectorals 3,
and ventrals 1:09 in the head.

AUSTRALIAN GOBIIDE—McCULLOCH AND OGILBY. 207

This species appears to differ from DL. mordax principally in its
proportions, and in having fewer dorsal and anal rays. The dorsal fin
commences a little farther forward, and the median mandibular barbles
are paired on each side.

The above proportions are those of a specimen 185 mm. long, from
the Richmond River. The illustration is prepared from a small example
92 mm. long, from an unknown locality, in which the cephalic ridges
are well preserved.

Synonymy.—We have examined the holotype of Amblyopus niger, De
Vis, and find it quite similar to the specimens described and figured. It
is much shrivelled and quite black, but has the cephalic ridges and other
characters of 10g PUrpurascens.

Locs.—Richmond River, New South Wales; coll. Mr. Thomas
Temperley, 1887. Nowra, Shoalhaven River, New South Wales; coll.
Mr. John Baxter.

Genus Tanioipes, Lacepede.
TANIOIDES RUBRISTRIATUS, Kent.

Amblyopus rubristriatus, Kent, Proce. Roy. Soc. Qld., vi., 1889, pp. 223,
235, pl. xiil., fig. 5.

This briefly characterised species has not been recognised since it was
first secured by Kent in the Cambridge Gulf, North-western Australia.
It is perhaps incorrectly associated with Tniovdes.

Genus Gopropon, Bleeker.

Gobiodon, Bleeker, Nat. Tijdschr. Ned. Ind., xi., 1856, p. 407 (Gobius
histrio, Cuv. & Val.).

Pseudogobiodon, Bleeker, Arch. Neer. Sc. Nat., ix., 1874, p. 309 (Gobius
citrinus, Ripp.).

Ellerya, Castelnau, Proc. Zool. Soc. Vict., ii., 1873, p. 95, and Res. Fish.
Austr. (Vict. Offic. Rec. Philad. Exhib.), 1875, p. 21 (H. wnicolor,
Cast.).

General form short and compressed ; body naked, but covered with
a thick granular mucous, which when removed, may leave small pits in the
skin resembling rudimentary scales. Head compressed, the profile
rounded; mouth a little oblique, jaws subequal. Large tubular pores
open between the nostrils, on the interorbital space, behind the eye, and
around the preopercular border; lower margin of the preoperculum and
mandible with minute papilla. Teeth in a narrow band in each jaw, the
outer row of which is largest ; a few stronger inner teeth on each side of
the mandibular symphysis. Tongue partly free, truncate or rounded
anteriorly. Gill-opening opposite and as wide as the pectoral base,
isthmus very broad ; shoulder-girdle smooth. Dorsal with six spines and
about eleven rays; anal similar to the dorsal. Ventrals small, cup-shaped.
Caudal and pectorals rounded.

208 RECORDS OF THE AUSTRALIAN MUSEUM.

Synonymy.—Pseudogobiodon citrinus has been separated from Gobiodon
because it has no canines. Though its inner enlarged mandibular teeth
are smaller and less caniniform than in the typical species of Gobiodon,
they are nevertheless similar in both structure and position, and we do not
regard them as sufliciently characteristic to justify the maintenance of
the genus. Jllerya, Castelnan, is inaccurately and superficially defined,
bnt is evidently based upon a species of Gobiodon (see notes under
(7. verticalis).

Key to the Australian species.

aa. First dorsal rounded, the fifth spine highest.
b. Colour lighter, usually with traces of five broad darker bars across the head and
pectoral base; body very deep, head deeper than long..................... verticalis.

bb. Colour darker; head uniform or with narrow blue lines across the sides and
pectoral-base ; body less elevated, head about as deep as long.

c. Head and pectoral-base with five light dark-edged lines........ quinquestrigatus.
cc. Head uniform or with indistinct lines.....................0eee0-seeees var. ceramensis.

aa. First dorsal angular, the anterior spines highest.
d. Head and pectoral base with four blue cross-lines,...................0..00ee eee citrinus.

Gobropon vervicaLis, Alleyne §* Macleay.
(Plate xxxil., fig. 2.)

? Bllerya unicolor, Castelnau, Proc. Zool. Soc. Vict., ii., 1873, p. 95.

Gohiodon unicolor, Macleay, Proc. Linn. Soc. N.S.Wales, v., 1881, p. 613.

Gobiodon verticalis, Alleyne & Macleay, Proc. Linn. Soe. N.S.Wales, i.,
1877, p. 333, pl. xii., fig. 4. Id., Macleay, Loc. cit., v., 1881, p. 612.

Psendogobiodon verticalis, Jordan & Seale, Bull. U.S. Fish. Burean, xxv.,
1906, p. 410.

(obins douglasi, Kent, Great Barrier Reef, 1893, p. 310, pl. xvi., fig. 12.

D. vi/l1l; A.10; V.i/5; P.19; C.17. Depth before the ventrals
2-2 in the length to the hypural joint; head 3°5-3°6 in the same. Eye
46-4°7 in the head, and subequal to its distance from the premaxillary
symphysis; interocular space equal to the eye diameter. Caudal peduncle
as deep as long. Breadth before the pectorals 2°6-2-7 in the height.

Head munch deeper than long, greatly compressed ; the profile of the
muzzle is subvertical and the forehead and chin are very convex and
equally rounded. Nostrils in low tubes, the posterior placed just before
the eye, the anterior nearer the upper lip. A series of several large
tubular pores extends around the preopercular border to behind the eye;
two others are on the interorbital space, and a pair between the posterior
nostrils. Microscopie papille are present on the lower preopercular
border, and beneath the lower lip. Interocular space very convex. Mouth
a little oblique, the jaws equal; maxilla extending backward to below the
anterior half or the middle of the eye. Each jaw with a narrow band of
teeth, the outer row of which is strong, the others villiform; an enlarged
curved canine on each side of the mandibular symphysis. Gill-opening as
wide as the base of the pectoral.

AUSTRALIAN GOBIIDH—McCULLOCH AND OGILBY. 209

Body strongly compressed, naked; twenty-four myotomes are distinct
in the preserved specimens between the axil and the hypural joint.
Genital papilla large. The whole surface of the head and body is covered
with a thick granular mucous which obscures the characters beneath it.

First dorsal commencing above the base of the pectoral. The spines
are weak, and increase in length to the fifth ; the sixth is separated from
the fifth by a wide interspace, and is broadly united with the first ray by
membrane. Soft dorsal rounded, all its rays except the first branched,
the ninth longer than the postocular portion of the head. Anal commencing
behind and terminating before the soft dorsal, to which it is similar in
form. Caudal broadly rounded. Pectorals rounded, the median rays
longest and reaching to below the third dorsal ray. Ventrals small, cup-
shaped, with a broad basal membrane; their length is variable, the
median rays reaching from half to three-fourths of their distance from
the vent.

Colours. —Bleached after long preservation in alcohol, with only faint
indications of the five broad darker cross-bars on the head and pectoral
base, which are disposed as illustrated in the accompanying figure ; there
are also traces of about five irregular undulating longitudinal stripes on
the body in some specimens. Opercular lobe with or without a dark spot.

Described from the six cotypes of the species, 39-46 mm. long, in the
Macleay Museum. The figure represents a well preserved example 47
mm. long, from Green Island off Cairns.

Variation —The brilliant green and scarlet colouration of this species
in life is wholly lost in preserved specimens, and only occasionally are
traces of the colour-marking retained. In some specimens from Murray
Island, the broad dark bars on the head and base of the pectoral, which
are usually indistinct or wanting, are well defined: the scarlet spots
are represented by areas defined by microscopic grey dots, and may
be irregularly distributed as in the figure or may coalesce to form more
or less regular longitudinal lines. The dorsal and anal fin-rays vary
from 11-12 and 10-11 respectively.

Synonymy.—The original description of Hilerya wnicolor, Castelnan,
is inaccurate and superficial, and although emended later by its author,
is too general to allow of the species being definitely recognised without
reference to the type. The specimens recorded by Macleay as G. unicolor
from the Endeavour River do not differ from his cotypes of G. verticalis,
and suggest that the two species are identical ; if this be so, Castelnau’s
name will take precedence. Kent’s figure of (Gobius douglasi leaves no
doubt as to the identity of that species with (7. verticalis, and illustrates
the characteristic brilliant colouration of the living fish. The similarity
of the cotypes of G. verticalis and Cuvier & Valenciennes’ figure of @.
histrio® is very striking, and the two species are very probably identical ;
but as we lack Bleeker’s important paper on the synonymy of the several
closely allied species of (fobiodon, we prefer to use Macleay’s name until
further details of the characters of G. histrio are available.

9 Cuvier & Valenciennes—Hist. Nat. Poiss., xii., 1887, p. 182, pl. ecexlvii.

210 RECORDS OF THE AUSTRALIAN MUSEUM.

Habits. —This brilliant little fish is not uncommon among the branches
of living madrepores on the Queensland Coast. Macleay found specimens
in the innermost recesses of dead coral at Darnley Island, where, he
considered, they had probably been born, though this conclusion seems to
be unwarranted, They are always covered with a very thick mucous in
which are closely packed granules resembling ova, though their micro-
scopic structure appears to differ from that of true eggs.

Locs.—Darnley Island, Torres Strait; cotypes of G. verticalis.
Murray Island, Torres Strait; coll. Hedley & McCulloch. Endeavour
River, Cooktown; Macleay Museum, as G. unicolor (Castl.), Macleay.
Green Island, off Cairns. North West Island, off Port Curtis; coll.
H. Burrell.

GOBIODON QUINQUESTRIGATUS, Cuvier § Valenciennes.

(Fig. 4.)

Gobius quinquestrigatus, Cuvier & Valenciennes, Hist. Nat. Poiss., xii.,

1837, p. 134.

Gobiodon quinquestrigatus, Giinther, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (3), xx., 1867,
p. 61. Id., Weber, “ Siboga”’ Exped., lvii., 1913, p. 454 (synonymy).

D. vi/ll; A.9; P.18; V.i/5; C. 17. Depth before the ventrals
2°8 in the length to the hypural joint; head 3°5 in the same. Eye 4 in
the head and subequal to the snout; interocular width 1:3 in the eye.
Depth of the candal peduncle 1:2 in its length. Breadth before the
pectoral base 2-1 in the height.

Fig. 4. Gobiodon quinquestrigatus,

Head longer than deep, compressed ; upper profile very convex, chin
prominent. Nostrils tubular, the posterior placed just before the eye.
A series of six large tubular pores extends around the preopereular border
to behind the eye; two other$ are on the interorbital space, and a pair
between the nostrils. Microscopic papille are present on the lower pre-
opercular margin, beneath the eye, and around the mouth to below the
lower lip. Interorbital space a little convex. Mouth slightly oblique, the
maxilla extending to below the anterior half of the eye; mandible not
quite so long as the upper jaw. Each jaw with a narrow band of villiform

——S

Eo

AUSTRALIAN GOBI[DH—McCULLOCH AND OGILBY. iT

teeth, and an outer row of stronger ones; one or two inner canines are
present on the mandibular symphysis. Gill-opening slightly narrower
than the pectoral base.

Body strongly compressed, naked. About twenty-three vertical
series of minute pores, arranged along the median line between the axil
and the hypural joint, represent the lateral line. Genital papilla large.

Fins largely damaged. First dorsal commencing a trifle behind the
base of the pectoral; the spines are weak, the fifth apparently highest,
and the sixth separated by a wide interspace from the fifth. Membrane
connects the last spine with the basal portion of the first ray. Dorsal
rays branched, the last double. Anal, caudal and pectorals with branched
rays. Ventrals small, cup-shaped, with a broad basal membrane, and
originating behind the pectoral base.

Colour.—Brown in alcohol, the head a little lighter than the body.
Two light narrow lines with darker borders extend across the cheek from
the eye to the lower surface of the head; another short one is present
behind the eye ; two longer curved ones cross the opercles from the side
of the neck, and another extends across the base of the pectoral. Fins
somewhat darker than the body, the soft dorsal with an indefinite light
basal stripe.

Described and figured from a specimen 285 mm. long without the
caudal fin.

Loc.—Cairns Reef, off Cooktown, Queensland ; coll. A. R. McCulloch.

GoBIODON QUINQUESTRIGATUS, Var. CERAMENSIS, Bleeker.

Pe bias ceramensis, Bleeker, Nat. Tijd. Ned. Ind., i1., 1852, p. 704.

Gobiodon ceramensis, Giinther, Brit. Mus. Cat. Fish., iii1., 1861, p. 88, and
Fische Siidsee, vi., 1877, p. 182, pl. cix., fig.d. Id., Alleyne & Macleay,
Proc. Linn. Soc. N.S.Wales, i., 1877, p. 333. Id., Klunzinger, Sitzb.
Akad. Wiss. Wien, Ixxxi., 1879, p. 384. Id., Jordan & Seale, Bull.
U.S. Fish. Bureau, xxv., 1906, p. 409.

Proportions of a specimen 34 mm. long, from Murray Island. Depth
before the ventrals 2°7 in the length to the hypural joint; head 3-4 in the
same. Hye 41 in the head, and equal to the snout and the interorbital
space. Caudal peduncle as deep as long. Breadth before the pectorals
2:6 in the height. Median dorsal spines 2-2, median dorsal rays 1:6,
seventh anal ray 1:5 in the head. Pectoral 1:2, caudal 1:3 in the bead.

Five specimens 29-34 mm. long, taken together at Murray Island,
are brown in colour, the head and thoracic region being lighter. Cross-
lines on the head as in the typical form may be traceable, but are usually
wanting. The fins are similar to or darker than the body.

This variety differs from the typical form only in being more
uniformly coloured, the head markings being usually absent.

Locs.—Murray Island, Torres Strait ; coll. Hedley and McCulloch.
Darnley Island, Torres Strait ; Macleay Museum Collection.

Klunzinger, has recorded this variety from Port Denison. _

212 RECORDS OF THE AUSTRALIAN MUSEUM.
GoOBIODON CITRINUS, Riippell.

Gobius citrinus, Riippell, Neuewirbelth. Fisch., 1838, p. 139, pl. xxxii.,
fig. 4.

Gobiodon citrinus, Klunzinger, Verh. Zool. Bot. Ges. Wien, 1871, P- 40.
Id., Giinther, Brit. Mus. Cat. Fish., iii., 1561, p. 87, and Fische
Siidsee, vi., 1877, p. 181, pl. cix., fig. e. IJd., Day, Fish. India, 1876,
p. 298, pl. Ixiv., fig. 2. Id., Macleay, Proc. Linn. Soc. N.S.Wales,
v., 1881, p. 613.

Pseudogobiodon citrinus, Jordan & Seale, Bull. U.S. Fish. Bureau, xxv.,

1906, p. 410.

D. vi/ll; A.10; P.19; V.i/5; C. 17. Depth before the ventrals
2°3 in the length to the hypural joint ; head 3:1 in the same. Eye 3-8 in
the head, shorter than its distance from the premaxillary symphysis ;
interocular space a trifle wider than the eye. Caudal peduncle a little
deeper than long. Breadth before the pectorals 2:06 in the height.

Head deeper than long, compressed; the profile of the muzzle
obtusely rounded, the upper and lower surfaces evenly oblique. Nostrils
in low tubes, the posterior in front of the eye, the anterior nearer the
upper lip. Several large pores are arranged around the preopercular
border and behind the eye; two others are on the interorbital space, and a
pair between the nostrils. Microscopic papille are present on the lower
preopercular border and beneath the lower lip. Interocular space nearly
flat. Mouth a little oblique, jaws subequal; maxilla extending backward
to below the anterior portion of the eye. Each jaw with a narrow band
of villiform teeth, some of the outer ones being a little enlarged; three
inner subcaniniform teeth on each side of the mandibular symphysis.
Gill-opening narrower than the base of the pectoral.

Body strongly compressed, naked ; together with the head and fins, it
is covered with a thick granular mucous which obscures the characters
beneath it. Genital papilla large.

First dorsal commencing above the end of the opercle; the anterior
spine highest, the others decreasing evenly backward; the last is
separated by a wide interspace from the fifth, and is united with the
base of the first ray by membrane, Soft dorsal rounded, and longer than
high ; all the rays except the first are branched, and the median ones are
much longer than the postorbital portion of the head. Anal commencing
behind, and terminating before the soft dorsal; the rays increase in length
to the eighth, which is longer than the base of the fin. Caudal rounded.
Pectoral rounded, reaching to below the sixth dorsal ray. Ventrals with
a broad basal membrane, the median rays reaching the vent.

Volour.—Brown in aleohol, with four pale dark-edged lines on the
head and thoracic region ; two extend through the eye, the first to behind
the mouth, and the second across the cheek; the third descends from the
upper surface of the neck to cross the end of the operculum, and the
fourth from the shoulder across the base of the pectoral. The opercular
lobe bears a distinct black spot. Pale dark-edged lines extend along the
bases of the dorsal and anal fins. Fins dark brown; the first dorsal has

AUSTRALIAN GOBIILD®—McCULLOCH AND OGILBY. 213

a black edge followed by a lighter inner border, which marking is also
present, though less distinct, on the second dorsal and upper and lower
margins of the caudal.

Described from a well preserved specimen, 48 mm. long, from Murray
Island.

Variation.—Two smaller specimens, 32 mm. long, which were taken
with the example described, are lighter in colour, the general tint being
yellowish, though their markings are similar ; the first dorsal is markedly
angular owing to the greater length of the anterior spines, and the
pectorals are longer and more pointed; the eye also is proportionately
larger. Another specimen 40 mm. long, is intermediate between the two
extremes. :

Locs—We have examined a series of ninety-six specimens in the
Australian Museum from the following localities. Murray Island, Torres
Strait; coll. Hedley & McCulloch. Samoa; Jordan & Seale Coll. New
Hebrides; coll. Cummins & Stevens. Solomon Islands. Nicobar Islands ;
Dr. Francis Day’s Coll. Seychelles; exch. Paris Museum.

Macleay recorded this species from the Endeavour River estuary,
North Queensland.

Genus PARACHAETURICHTHYS, bleeler.

Parachaeturichthys, Bleeker, Arch. Néerl. Sci. Nat., ix., 1874, p. 325
(Chaeturichthys polynema, Bleeker). Id., Jordan & Snyder, Proc.
U.S. Nat. Mus., xxiv., 1902, p. 103.

Body moderately compressed; scales large, ctenoid on the body,
cycloid on the nape and breast. Head not depressed, cheeks and opercles
with cycloid scales; cheeks with horizontal series of mucigerous pores.
Hyes superolateral ; interorbital space not wide. Mouth moderate, oblique ;
jaws equal, the lower with small barbles. Each jaw with a band of villi-
form teeth, and an outer series of enlarged teeth anteriorly. Tongue with
the tip free and rounded. Gill-openings not continued forward below ;
isthmus wide. Inner edge of shoulder-girdle smooth. Dorsal fins short,
the spines not produced, with vi/i,10 rays; anal similar to the soft dorsal,
with i,9 rays. Caudal long and pointed. Pectorals pointed, with 21-22
rays, none free or silk-like. Ventrals united, free from the abdomen.

PARACHAETURICHTHYS POLYNEMA, Bleeker.

Chaeturichthys polynema, Bleeker, Verh. Batav. Gen., xxv., 1853, Japan
p. 44, fig. 4.
Gobius polynema, Giinther, Brit. Mus. Cat. Fish., iii., 1861, p. 46. Id.,

Day, Fish. India, 1876, p. 286, pl. Ixi., fig. 8.

Parachaeturichthys polynema, Bleeker, Verh. Akad. Amst., xviii., 1879,
Japan p. 19. Id., Jordan & Seale, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus., xxiv., 1902,
p-. 103.

214 RECORDS OF THE AUSTRALIAN MUSEUM.

D. vi/i,l0; A.i,9; P. 21. 28 scales along the middle of the body,
and 8 between the anterior dorsal and anal rays.

Depth of the body 5°33 in its length, and 1°4 in the head. Head
3°83 in the length of the body, its width 1°63 in its length. Eye 3°67 in
the head, one-fifth longer than the snout, which is 4°5 in the head ; inter-
orbital space three-fifths of the eye-diameter. Caudal peduncle about
five-eighths longer than deep, its depth 8°5 in the body-length. Fourth
dorsal spine 1°77 in the head, pectoral a trifle shorter than the head.
Candal 2°57 in the body-length.

Head a little wider than deep, and wider than the body, its fronto-
occipital profile feebly rounded, that of the nape linear. Cheeks and
opercles covered with large cycloid scales. Cheeks with three horizontal
series of mucigerous pores; parietal groove with two open pores, the
anterior very large and elliptical, the posterior rounded; hinder limb of
preoperculam with three open pores. Eye large, longitudinally elliptical ;
interorbital region moderate, concave. Snout short and blunt, with a
rounded and strongly acclivous profile. Jaws equal, the maxilla extending
to below the middle of the eye; lower surface of the head with about
three pairs of short barbles inserted below the posterior half of the mouth.
Kach jaw with a band of villiform teeth, the exterior row on the sides of
each premaxillary being a little enlarged; an outer row of strong, curved,
subulate teeth anteriorly in each jaw, the posterior larger, and subcanini-
form on each side of the mandible. Tongue with the tip free and rounded.
Gill-openings not continued forward below, separated by a wide isthmus ;
exposed edge of shoulder-girdle entire.

Body slender, compressed, the dorsal contour slightly more arched
than the ventral. It is covered with large ctenoid scales, which become
cycloid on the nape and breast.

First dorsal originating well behind the pectoral base ; its spines are
low, and its outline rounded; fourth spine longest, about as long as the
base of the fin and not reaching the second dorsal when depressed. Outer
border of second dorsal linear, the rays gradually increasing in length to
the penultimate; this is much longer than the last, once and a half as long
as the fourth spine, and three-fourths as long as the base of the fin. Anal
commencing below the second and terminating below the ninth dorsal
ray ; the penultimate ray is longest, but shorter than that of the dorsal,
1:3 in the basal length of the fin, which is 3-7 in the body-length. Pectoral
pointed, the middle rays longest, and extending to below the origin of the
second dorsal. Ventral inserted a little in advance of the pectoral base,
three-fourths as long as the pectorals, and not reaching the vent. Caudal
long and pointed.

Colour-marking.—Brown, darkest above. The fins are darker, and

the upper caudal rays have a large elliptical blackish yellow-edged ocellus
near the base.

Described from two examples, 108-120 mm. long, in the Queensland
Museum.

AUSTRALIAN GOBIIDH—McCULLOCH AND OGILBY. Ad YES)

Locs.—Somerset, North Queensland; coll, Kendall Broadbent. An
Indian example from Bombay, in the Australian Museum, was identified
by Dr. Day.

Distribution.—Kastern coast of India to China and Southern Japan.
North-eastern Australia.

(Gopius) HINSBYI, Johnston.
(Plate xxxiii., fig. 1.)

Grobius pictus, Castelnau, Proc. Zool. Soc. Vict., i., 1872, p. 124 (Not G.
pictus, Malm, 1863). Id., Macleay, Proc. Linn. Soc. N.S.Wales, v.,
1881, p. 599. Id., Lucas, Proc. Roy. Soc. Vict. (2), ii., 1890, p. 28.

Gobius hinsbyt, Johnston, Proc. Roy. Soc. Tasm., 1902 (1903), abstract p.

x.—Nomen nudune.

D. vii/9; A.9; P.19; V.i/5; C.18. 50 rows of scales between
the axil and the hypural joint, and about 15 between the anterior dorsal
and anal rays.

Depth before the ventrals 5°4 in the length to the hypural joint ;
head 3°5 in the same. Eye 4 in the head, a little shorter than the snout
which is 3°3 in the head. Depth of the caudal peduncle 3-3 in the head.
Breadth before the pectorals 1:08 in the depth.

Head subcylindrical, about as deep as broad. Operculum covered
with small scales, and a few are present on the cheeks, but they are more
or less completely hidden in mucous. Rows of mucigerous papille extend
across the cheeks and opercles, and around the preopercular border.
Some open pores are present on the interorbital region, around the eye,
and along the nuchal groove. Hyes close together, the interorbital space
being a narrow ridge. Snout convex, obtusely conical. Nostrils rather
close together, the anterior in a short tube midway between the eye and
the preorbital, the posterior a simple opening. Mouth a little oblique,
the mandible a little shorter than the upper jaw ; the maxilla reaches to
below the posterior nostril. Teeth subequal in size, in three or four rows
in the anterior part of each jaw which are reduced to one or two as they
extend backward. Tongue rounded and free anteriorly. Gull-openings
continued well forward below, and separated by a narrow isthmus which
is much narrower than the eye. Hxposed edge of the shoulder-girdle
smooth.

Body robust, subcylindrical anteriorly, compressed posteriorly. The
scales are small and ctenoid, and extend forward to the nape behind the
eye; they also cover the breast and the base of the pectoral, where they
are smaller and cycloid. Caudal peduncle more than three times as long
as deep. Genital papilla large and pointed.

Dorsal fin originating above the anterior half of the pectoral; it is
rounded, and the third spine is longest but does not reach the second
dorsal when adpressed. Dorsal rays increasing in length backwards, the
second about equal to the length of the base of the fin, and a little higher
than the longest spine. Anal opposite the second dorsal and of similar

216 RECORDS OF THE AUSTRALIAN MUSEUM.

form. Pectorals rounded, reaching to about midway between the two
dorsal fins. Ventrals larger than the pectorals, with a broad basal
membrane, and reaching to the origin of the anal. Caudal feebly rounded.

Colour-marking.—Light olive on the back, whitish on the sides and
under surfaces ; the upper parts are closely freckled with grey dots and
lines, which unite to form about five darker cross-bars on the back. The
middle of the sides bear five darker blotches formed of black dots, the
most pronounced of which is at the base of the tail. The sides are
vertically barred with about thirteen grey stripes, which are most
pronounced anteriorly. A dark stripe extends from the eye to the
preorbital, and another descends across the operculum. First dorsal with
many small grey dots between the rays; on the second they tend to form
larger spots. Caudal and pectoral with transverse rows of grey spots on
the rays. Anal and ventral colourless.

Described and figured from a specimen 86 mm. long, from Wedge
Bay, Tasmania.

Variation.—A series of twenty-five specimens, 33-62 mm. long, taken
with the larger example described, exhibits considerable variation in the
colour-marking, and in the numbers of spines and rays in the vertical fins.
The vertical transverse bars may be either wholly wanting, or they may
be even more distinct and more regularly arranged than illustrated, and
they sometimes meet on the dorsal and ventral surfaces so as to form complete
annuli around the body. The lateral blotches vary in their intensity,
and are sometimes much larger than in the figured specimen, particularly in
those which lack the vertical bars. In six examples we count D. viii/11-
12; A. 11-12 instead of vii/9 and 9 as described above.

Identity and synonymy.—These specimens agree with Castelnan’s
description in most details, and the fact that they have eight dorsai spines
leaves little doubt that they are correctly identified as G. pictus. The
type of (. hinsbyi is preserved in the Tasmanian Museum, and has been

examined by one of us; though in a very bad state of preservation, it:

leaves no doubt as to its identity with the specimen described above.

Loc.—Wedge Bay, Hobart, Tasmania, 5-10 fathoms; coll. C. Hedley,
April, 1917. Queenscliff, Port Phillip, Victoria; coll. E. R. Waite,
1905.

Genus CatLoaosius, Bleeker.

Callogobius, Bleeker, Arch. Néerl. Sci. Nat., ix., 1874, p. 318 (Hleotris
hasseltii, Bleeker). Id., Weber, “ Siboga ” Exped., Ivii., 1913, p. 479.
Id., McCulloch, Proe. Linn. Soc. N.S.Wales, xl., 1915, p. 271.

Mucogobius, McCulloch, Rec. W.Austr. Mus., i., 1912, p. 93 (Gobius

mMmuUcosuUs, Giinther).

Body subcylindrical anteriorly, compressed posteriorly; scales of
moderate size, largest posteriorly ; they are mostly cycloid, but more or
less ctenoid posteriorly ; they extend forward almost to the eyes on the
upper surface of the head, and cover the breast and base of the pectoral.
Head with a few scales on the upper part of the operculum, and others

AUSTRALIAN GOBIIDM—McCULLOCH AND OGILBY. 217

scattered on the cheek ; numerous upraised rows of papille are arranged
regularly on all surfaces of the head, and along the middle of the sides.
Snout obtuse, mandible projecting. Mouth oblique; no barbles. Several
rows of small, subequal teeth in each jaw anteriorly ; palate toothless.
Tongue rounded and free anteriorly, slightly emarginate on the median
line. Gill-openings lateral, separated by a broad isthmus; exposed
edge of shoulder-girdle smooth. Pseudobranchie present; gill-rakers
of first arch short, thick, and few in number. First dorsal rounded,
with six spines; second dorsal with ten to eleven rays. Anal similar to
the second dorsal. Pectoral large, rounded. Ventrals i/5, either com-
pletely united or with only a narrow membrane connecting the bases of
the inner rays; anterior interspinous membrane present or absent.
Caudal elongate, obtusely pointed.

CALLOGOBIUS HASSELTI, Bleeker.

Eleotris hasseltii, Bleeker, Nat. Tijdschr. Ned. Indie, 1., 1851, p. 253, and
xi., 1856, p. 412. Id., Giinther, Brit. Mus. Cat. Fish., iii., 1861,
Ball.

Eleotriodes hasseltii, Bleeker, Act. Soc. Sc. Indo-Neerl., vi., 1859, p. 112,
and Ned. Tijd. Dierk., 11., 1865, p. 150.

Valenciennesia hasseltii, Bleeker, Vers]. Akad. Amsterdam (2), u., 1868,
p- 300.

Callogobius hasseltii, Weber, ‘‘ Siboga” Exped., lvii., 1913, p. 480, fig. 98,
and Nova Guinea, ix., 4, 1913, p. 601.

Identity._Bleeker’s description of the species appears to have been
incomplete, so we rely upon Weber’s notes and figure for the identification
of our specimens as U. hasseltii, They agree with his illustration in all
details, and exhibit the same variation in their colour-marking as noted
by him.

We are unable to detect any differences between specimens from
tropical waters (CU. hasseltii) and many others from southern Australian
coasts (C. mucosus) by which they may be definitely distinguished as two
species. Northern examples are usually more conspicuously marked than
those from the south, and generally have more of the posterior scales
ctenoid. But both characters are variable, and overlap in examples from
intermediate localities, so we recognise the southern specimens as a variety
of C. hasseltii only. \

Locs.—Masthead Island off Port Curtis, and Cairns Reef off Cooktown,
Queensland ; coll. McCulloch. Two Isles off Cape Bedford, Queensland ;
coll. Hedley and Briggs. New Hebrides ; coll. Cummins and Stevens.

CALLOGOBIUS HASSELTII, var. MUCOSUS, (iinther.

(Plate xxxii., fig. 4.)

Gobius mucosus, Giinther, Proc. Zool. Soc., 1871, p. 663, pl. Ixiii., fig. A.
Id., Macleay, Proc. Linn. Soc.. N.S.Wales, v., 1881, p. 609. Id.,
Waite, Rec. Austr. Mus., vi., 1906, p. 200.

218 RECORDS OF THE AUSTRALIAN MUSEUM.

Gobius depressus, Ramsay and Ogilby, Proc. Linn. Soc. N.S.Wales (2), i.,
1886, p. 4. Id., Ogilby, Cat. Fish. N.S.Wales, 1886, p. 35. Id.,
Waite, Mem. N.S.Wales Nat. Club, ii., 1904, p. 46.

Mucogobius mucosus, McCulloch, Rec. W.Austr. Mus., i., 1912, p. 93.

D. vi/ll; A. 9; P. 16; V. i/5; C.16. About 37 scales between
the axil and the hypural joint, and 17 between the anterior dorsal and
anal rays.

Depth 5-7 in the length to the hypural joint; head 3-9 in the same.
Eye slightly shorter than the snout, which is 3°5 in the head. Interorbital
space about 4 in the eye. Breadth between the pectoral bases equal to
the depth. Depth of the caudal peduncle 2, pectoral 1 in the head.

Head largely naked, with a few scales on the upper portion of the
operculum, and one or two very indistinct ones between the mucigerous
ridges on the cheeks. All surfaces of the head bear raised lines of papille
which are regularly arranged and disposed as shown in the accompanying
illustration ; in addition, series of small pores extend around the eye and
preopercular margin. Eyes close together, superolateral, separated by a
narrow bony interorbital area. Snout obtuse and rounded. Nostrils
tubular. Mouth very oblique, the maxilla not reaching the vertical of
the anterior margin of the eye. Mandible projecting beyond the upper
jaw ; its lower surface with numerous mucigerous ridges. A band of
small pointed teeth in each jaw, which is three or four rows wide anteriorly,
and becomes gradually narrower laterally ; the outer teeth are slightly
larger than the others. Palate toothless. Tongue rounded, slightly
notched in the middle line, and largely free. The space between the gill-
openings is twice as wide as the eye; exposed edge of the shoulder girdle
smooth and sharp.

Body subcylindrical anteriorly, compressed posteriorly. It is covered
with moderately large cycloid scales, which increase in size backwards, a
row along the median line of the caudal half being slightly larger than
the others; the scales extend forward on the nape to just behind the eyes,
and cover the breast and base of the pectoral fin. Vertical series of muci-
gerous papille extend backward from behind the pectoral to the caudal
base, between which some horizontal rows are interspersed. Genital
papilla well developed.

First dorsal low and rounded, the fifth spine subequal to the post-
orbital portion of the head. Dorsal rays increasing in height to the
penultimate, which reaches backward to the upper caudal rays. Anal of
similar form to the second dorsal, but shorter and slightly lower. Pectoral
large and rounded, not quite reaching the vertical of the vent. Ventrals
inserted before the pectoral, completely united, and reaching about two-
thirds of their distance from the vent. Candal elongate, obtusely pointed.

Colour.—Brown, each scale with a darker border, and a lighter
median band along the middle of the sides posteriorly. Some indefinite
broad, darker cross-bands are present on the back and sides ; one descends
from the base of the spinous dorsal, a second narrower one from the
anterior dorsal rays, and a third broad one from the hinder portion of the
soft dorsal; two others are present in front of the dorsal fin. The vertical

AUSTRALIAN GOBIIDH—McCULLOCH AND OGILBY. 219

fins are dark, with some still darker spots on the rays; the anal has a
light border. Pectorals and ventrals light coloured, the former with grey
spots.

Described and figured from a specimen 85 mm. long from Port
Jackson.

Variation.—A large number of specimens from Port Jackson, South
and South-west Australia, prove this form to be variable in colour; the
southern specimens are very dark with their markings obscurely defined,
while those from Port Jackson and South-west Australia are often lighter
and more or less conspicuously banded. The scales near the caudal fin
are generally cycloid, but are sometimes markedly ctenoid ; those on the
operculum and cheek are often very rudimentary and sometimes wholly
wanting. A most critical comparision of these specimens fails to discover
any character by which they may be definitely distinguished from the
typical C. husseltii of tropical waters.

Locs.—We have examined over one hundred specimens from the
following localities :—Port Jackson and the neighbouring coast ; including
the holotype of Gobius depressus, Ogilby. Port Phillip, Victoria; coll.
C. ‘J. Gabriel. South Australia, various localities. | South-western
Australia ; coll. A. Abjornssen.

CALLOGOBIUS SCLATERI, Stleindachner.
(Plate xxxii., fig. 3.)

Eleotris sclauteri, Steindachner, Sitzb. Akad. Wiss. Wien, Ixxx. i., 1880,
p. 157.

Gobiomorphus sclateri, Jordan & Seale, Bull. U.S. Fish. Bureau, xxv., 1906,
p. 384, fig. 73.

D. vi/10; A. 9; P. 17; V. i/5; C. 15. About 31 rows of scales
between the axil and the hypural joint, and about 13 between the anterior
dorsal and anal rays.

Depth before the ventrals 4°6 in the length to the hypural joint ; head
3°4in the same. Eye as long as the snout, 4:4 in the head; interorbital
space 2°5 in the eye. Depth of the caudal peduncle equal to half the
length of the head. Breadth before the pectorals 1:1 in the depth.

Head depressed, broader than deep. The cheeks and opercles are
completely covered with large scales, which are usually hidden im thick
mucous. The whole head bears upstanding ridges of mucigerous papille,
which are regularly arranged as illustrated in the accompanying figure.
Kyes superolateral, separated by a narrow concave interorbital space.
Nostrils close together, tubular, the anterior overhanging the upper lip.
Snout depressed, the lower jaw much longer than the upper; mouth
oblique, the maxilla not quite reaching the vertical of the orbital margin.
An outer series of enlarged conical teeth in the premaxillaries, followed
by a narrow band of villiform ones ; in the mandible the larger teeth are
present anteriorly only, and the villiform ones are somewhat larger on the
sides of the jaw. Tongue free and rounded anteriorly. Gull-openings
lateral, about as broad as the isthmus separating them. Exposed edge of
the shoulder girdle smooth.

220 RECORDS OF THE AUSTRALIAN MUSEUM.

Body robust, compressed posteriorly. It is covered with large strongly
ctenoid scales, which completely cover the nape, bases of the pectorals,
breast and abdomen ; they are largest posteriorly, and the hinder ones of
the median row on the caudal peduncle are larger than the others. Caudal
peduncle very broad and compressed. Genital papilla small.

First dorsal fin originating over the anterior half of the pectoral; the
second to fourth rays are subequal in length, and the latter reaches the
origin of the second dorsal when adpressed. Dorsal rays increasing
slightly in length to the penultimate, which is about as long as the spines.
Anal opposite to, and of similar form to the second dorsal, but with a
shorter basal length. Pectorals obtusely pointed, the median rays reaching
to the vertical of the anterior dorsal ray. Caudal broadly rounded.
Ventral fins united at their base by a narrow membrane ; the rays increase
in length to the fourth, but the fifth is much shorter.

Colour-marking.—Light brown in alcohol, with broad darker brown
cross-bands ; one of these is placed below each dorsal fin and one across
the caudal peduncle, and they have numerous irregular dark markings
between them. The cross-bands extend onto the dorsal fins where they
break up into irregular dark marblings. Pectorals, caudal, and anal with
irregular dark cross-bars, the base of the former with two darker stripes.

Described and figured from a specimen 47 mm. long, from Two Isles,
North Queensland.

Variation.—A series of over one hundred specimens 23-56 mm. long,
exhibits some variation in the details of the colour-marking, which is
much more pronounced and more variegated in some specimens than in
others. The mucigerous system of the head is as well developed in the
youngest as in the largest specimens, and the ridges are similarly arranged.

This species has been associated with Gobiomorphus, Gill, by Jordan
and Seale, but it differs from that genus in the great development of the
cephalic mucigerous system. This character distinguishes it from all
other genera known to us except Cullogobius, from the typical species of
which it only differs in the structure of its ventral fins. In C. hasseltii,
these are truly gobioid in form, having a distinct though narrow basal
membrane uniting the spines; the fifth rays are slightly shorter than the
fourth, but are united by membrane to their tips: in OC. sclateri the
ventrals have no anterior basal membrane connecting the spines ; the inner
rays are much shorter than the others, and are connected by membrane
only at their extreme bases. There being no other major differences
between them, it seems probable they are congeneric.

Loc.—We have examined specimens from Two Isles, near Cape
Bedford, North Queensland ; coll. Hedley and Briggs, August 1916. New
Hebrides, Solomon Islands, and Fiji; coll. Cummins and Stevens.

Genus Exyrias, Jordan § Seale.

BHuyrias, Jordan & Seale, Bull. U.S. Fish. Bureau, xxv., 1906, p. 405
(Gobius puntangoides, Bleeker).

Body elliptical and compressed, the caudal peduncle short and deep ;
head deeper than wide, with a short acclivous snout, the cheeks not

AUSTRALIAN GOBIIDH—McCULLOCH AND OGILBY. 221

swollen. Body covered with large ctenoid scales ; cheeks, opercles, and
occiput scaly ; cheeks with mucigerous canals between the series of scales.
Mouth oblique, the jaws equal. Teeth in narrow bands in each jaw; the
outer row is enlarged and conical in the premaxillaries, the others villi-
form; anterior mandibular teeth enlarged, with a short canine on each
side. Tongue free and broad, with a feebly emarginate tip. Hyes supero-
lateral and anteromedian, the interspace narrow. Isthmus wide; the
exposed edge of the shoulder girdle smooth. Dorsal with about vi, 1/10
spines and rays, the spines flexible and more or less produced. Anal with
i/9 rays, similar to the second dorsal. Pectoral large and obtusely
pointed, without free silk-like rays. Ventrals with i/5 rays. Caudal
cuneiform or rounded.

Exyrias is very probably identical with Gnutholepis, Bleeker, but we
retain it on account of the great development of the mucigerous canals of
the cheeks, which separate the cheek-scales into three distinct groups.
In Gnatholepis these canals are scarcely if at all developed, and the squam-
ation of the cheeks is much less definite. In all other characters the two
genera are apparently identical.

EXYRIAS PUNTANG, Bleeker.

Gobius puntang, Bleeker, Nat. Tijdsch. Ned. Ind., ii., 1851, p. 486. Id.,
Day, Fish. India, 1876, p. 288, pl. Ixii., fig. 1.

Gobius puntangoides, Bleeker, Loc. cit., v., 1853, p. 242. Id., Giinther,
Brit. Mus. Cat. Fish., i1i., 1861, p. 19, and Fisch. Stidsee, v., 1877,
p. 171, pl. eviii., fig. a.

Gobius andamanensis, Day, Proc. Zool. Soc., 1870, p. 691.

Gobius maculipinnis, Macleay, Proc, Linn. Soc. N.S.Wales, viii. 2, 1883,
p. 267.

Gobius concolor, De Vis, Proc. Linn. Soc. N.S.Wales, ix., 1884, p. 689.

Awaous puntangoides, Seale, Occ. Pap. Bishop Mus., iv., 1906, p. 84.

Eeyrias puntangoides, Jordan & Seale, Bull. U.S. Fish. Bureau, xxv., 1906,
p. 405.

Gnatholepis maculipinnis, Jordan & Seale, Bull. U.S. Fish. Bureau, xxv.,
1906, p. 395.

Eeyrias puntung, Jordan & Richardson, Check-list Fish. Philipp. Arch.,
1910, p. 49.

Gobius (Gnatholepis) puiutangoides, Weber, Abh. Senck. Nat. Ges., xxxiv.,
1911, p. 43.

D, vi, 1/10; Ali/9s) Pll; V.. 1/53) C. 17... Twenty-eight: series. of
scales along the middle of the body, and nine between the origins of the
soft dorsal and the anal.

Depth of the body 3-7 in its length, and a little less than the length
of the head ; head 3°6 in the body-length, two-sevenths deeper than wide,
its width 1-6 in its length. Eye 4 in the head-length, shorter than the
snout, which is 2°6 in the head; interorbital space about half as wide as
the eye. Caudal peduncle one-fourth longer than deep, its least depth
6-4 in the body length. Width of the body 1:5 in its depth.

222 RECORDS OF THE AUSTRALIAN MUSEUM.

Snout rounded, the profile acclivous. Interorbital region grooved.
Jaws equal, the maxillary extending to below the anterior third of the eye.
Cheek-scales well developed, about half as large as those of the body ;
they are arranged in three series consisting respectively of 1, 2, 2 rows,
which are separated from one another by two horizontal mucigerous
grooves. Scales of the operculum and occiput but little smaller than those
of the body. A large median open pore between the anterior borders of
the eyes. Jaws with narrow bands of villiform teeth, the outer premax-
illary series enlarged and conical: mandible with a moderately strong
curved canine at each outer angle, between which the outer series is
enlarged ; beyond the canines the villiform band extends to the corner of
the mouth without enlarged teeth.

Body moderately robust, the dorsal contour evenly rounded from the
frontal region to the caudal peduncle, and much more arched than the
ventral. Caudal peduncle short and stout. Scales ctenoid; predorsal
scales in eleven series, extending forward to between the posterior borders
of the pupils. ,

First dorsal fin originating above the pectoral base, the spines slender
and flexible; the second is the longest, reaching well beyond the first ray
when adpressed, and one-fifth longer than the head. Margin of the second
dorsal straight, the rays gradually increasing in length to the last, which,
with the penultimate, is somewhat produced and forms an acute angle
which overlaps the caudal-base ; its length is one-fourth less than that of
the second spine. Anal commencing slightly behind the vertical of the
first dorsal ray ; the penultimate ray is longest, and a little longer than
the basal length of the fin. Pectoral obtusely pointed, the eighth ray
longest and extending to below the third dorsal ray, and a little longer
than the head. Ventrals inserted below the pectoral-base, and equal in
length to five-sixths of its longest ray ; it reaches to the vent.

Colour.—Bleached after long exposure to the light. According to
De Vis, this specimen was brown in colour, with the abdomen paler, and
there were traces of narrow vertical bands. The first dorsal had two
longitudinal rows of brown spots, and the pectorals and ventrals were
dark brown.

The above description is based principally upon the holotype of
Gobius concolor, De Vis, which is 87 mm. long from the snout to the base
of the candal rays. It is preserved in the Queensland Museum, but is
badly mutilated, the soft dorsal, caudal, and anal fins having been broken
off short. De Vis described the upper pectoral rays as detached and silky,
but this is incorrect.

Synonymy.—An example 123 mm. long, labelled as Gobius puntang,
from the Andaman Islands, which was one of Dr. Day’s collection, is pre-
served in the Australian Museum, Another, the holotype of G. maculi-
pinnis, Macleay, is also in the Australian Museum collection, and does not
differ from the Indian specimen; Macleay counted seven spines in the
first dorsal fin, but there are only six.

We regard Gobius puntang, Bleeker and G. puntangoides, Bleeker, as
synonymous. There are some discrepancies in the various accounts of the
two species, but they do not appear to call for much attention. In his

AUSTRALIAN GOBIIDH—McCULLOCH AND OGILBY. 223

earlier description, Giinther states that G. puntangotdes is without canines
and has the eyes close together, while later he recognised small canines and
described the eyes as about one diameter apart. Day described and figured
the maxillary as reaching to below the middle of the eye, whereas in our
specimens, as in those of Bleeker and Giinther, it does not extend so far.
Locs.—Cape York, Queensland; type of Gobius concolor, De Vis.
Normanby Island, D’Entrecasteaux Group; type of G. maculipinnis,
Macleay. Andaman Islands; Dr. Day’s collection. .
Distribution—From the Andaman Islands, through Malaysia, to
North-eastern Australia, the Solomon Islands and the Caroline Islands.

Genus Muai.Loconius, Sinitt.

Mugtlogobius, Smitt, Ofv. Ak. Forh., 1899, p. 552 (Ctenogobius ubei, Jordan
& Snyder).

Key to the Australian species.

a. 41-47 scales between the axil and the hypural......................0eceeceeeee eee eee ees devisi.
aa. 31 scales between the axil and the hypural................... 0.20... ceceee sence ees galwayi.

MUGILOGOBIUS DEVISI, nom. nov.
(Plate xxxvi., fig. 2.)

Gobius stigmaticus, De Vis, Proc. Linn. Soc. N.S.Wales, ix., 1584, p. 686
(Not Sinaragdus stigmaticus, Poey, = Gobius™ ).

D. vi/10; A.9; P.16; V.i/5; C.16. 40-47 rows of scales between
the axil and the hypural joint, and 13-17 between the anterior dorsal and
anal rays!!.

Depth of the body before the dorsal fin 4-1 in the length to the
hypural joint; head 3:3 in the same. Hye 4 in the head, which is sub-
equal to the length of the snout, and 1:09 in the interocular space. Depth
of the caudal peduncle 2 in the head, and breadth before the pectoral
bases 1:2 in the depth.

~ Head broader than deep, somewhat depressed. Operculum covered
with small scales, cheeks naked. Eyes rather small, superolateral, and
separated by a broad slightly concave interspace. Snout obtuse, the jaws
subequal. The anterior nostril in a low tube near the upper lip, the
posterior close to the orbital margin. Mouth slightly oblique, maxillary
reaching backward to beyond the middle of the eye. Premaxillary teeth
in a narrow band, the outer row somewhat enlarged and conical ; mandib-
ular teeth in a broader band, the posterior row somewhat enlarged.
Tongue largely free, subtruncate anteriorly. Gull-opening lateral, some-
what broader than the isthmus; the exposed edge of the shoulder-girdle
smooth.

10 There is some doubt as to whether a new specific name is necessary for this
species or not. In substituting the name devisi for stigmaticus we have been guided
by an opinion published by the Malacological Society, which deals with a precisely
similar case.—Proc. Malacol. Soc., vi., 3, 1904, p. 130.

11 The scales are smaller and more irregular in one specimen than in the other.

224 RECORDS OF THE AUSTRALIAN MUSEUM.

Body robust, compressed posteriorly. It is covered with ctenoid
scales of medium size, which become cycloid on the abdomen and neck,
and are larger posteriorly than anteriorly ; they extend forward to a short
distance behind the eye on the upper surface of the head, and cover the
breast and bases of the pectorals. Genital papilla well developed.

First dorsal originating above the middle of the pectoral; the spines
increase slightly in length to the fourth, which is shorter than the post-
orbital portion of the head, and the membrane from the last is widely
separated from the second dorsal. ‘The rays appear to be subequal, and a
little higher than the longest spine. Anal opposite to the dorsal, and of
similar form, its rays increasing in length backwards. Pectorals rounded,
the median rays reaching to below the last dorsal spine; no free upper
rays. Ventrals inserted a little before the pectorals, and somewhat
shorter than those fins. Caudal broadly rounded.

Colour-marking.—Yellowish brown in alcohol, the scales of the upper
portions with darker borders ; a series of dark brown blotches along the
middle of the sides on the posterior half, and an alternating series between
these and the back. Head with four curved dark stripes radiating from
the eye ; one descends towards the angle of the mouth, two others cross
the cheek, and are united by a curved bar with another which crosses
the nape. First dorsal dusky, with a broad white border, and the posterior
portion black. Second dorsal with dark specks on the membrane between
the rays, which form a row of darker spots along the middle of the fin;
a broad white border. Anal lighter, the margin clear. Candal, pectoral,
and ventral fins with microscopic dark dots between the rays.

Described from a specimen 45 mm. long, which is one of two cotypes
preserved in the Australian Museum, and which were procured from Mr.
De Vis. They differ from the original description in the numbers of fin-
rays and scales, but agree so well with the colour description and other
characters, that there can be no doubt as to their authenticity.

This species is closely allied to the genotype, M. abei, Jordan and
Snyder!,

Loe.—Moreton Bay, Queensland.

MvaiLocopius GaLwayt, McCulloch § Waite.
Mugilogobius galwayi, McCulloch & Waite, Rec. S.Austr. Mus., i. 1, 1918,
p. 50, pl. ili., fig. 1.
Hlaub.—South Australia.

(Gonius) rLAvEscens, De Vis.
(Plate xxxvi., fig. 3.)
Gobius fluvescens, De Vis, Proc. Linn. Soc. N.S.Wales, ix., 1884, p. 689.

Di vi/8; A. 8eP. 16s Th i/5; C. 15. 27 seales between the axil
and the hypural joint, aud 8 between the anterior dorsal and anal rays.

Depth of the body before the ventrals 5:3 in the length to the hypural
joint; head 3°7 in the same. Kye much longer than the snout, and 3°1 in

2 Jordan & Snyder—Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus., xxiv., 1961, p. 55, fig. 5.

AUSTRALIAN GOBIIDE—-McCULLOCH AND OGILBY. 225

the head. Interocular width 1:2 in the eye. Interorbital width 2-2 in
the eye, and 1°5 in the snout, which is 4°6 in the head. Depth of the
caudal peduncle 1:7 in the head. Breadth before the pectoral fin 1:1 in
the depth.

Head as broad as deep, with a very obtuse snout. The cheeks are
naked, but the opercles are covered with about eight large concentrically
striated scales. Some microscopic papille near the mouth and below the
lower border of the preoperculum. Lye large, in the anterior half of the
head, and superolateral; the interorbital space is narrow, but the distance
between the ocular margins is wider. Snout tumid, its profile oblique ;
jaws subequal. Nostrils separate, in minute tubes, the anterior near the
upper lip, the posterior near the eye. Maxilla reaching to below the
anterior portion of the eye. An outer row of flattened movable teeth in
each jaw, and there are some microscopic inner teeth on the anterior
portion of the mandible; inner premaxillary teeth not apparent: a
slightly enlarged tooth on each side of the mandibular symphysis.
Tongue thick, and largely adnate to the floor of the mouth, its anterior
margin subtrancate. Gill-openings lateral; the exposed edge of the
shoulder-girdle smooth.

Body compressed, with a broad and rather long peduncle. Scales
large and angular, and ctenoid on the body, but cycloid on the nape and
neck. They extend forward to between the posterior portions of the eyes ;
there are seven predorsal scales, which increase in size forwards. Base of
the pectoral and breast scaly. Genital papilla developed.

First dorsal originating above the anterior half of the pectoral; the
second spine is slightly longer than those on either side of it, and the
others decrease regularly backwards. Third dorsal ray highest, and longer
than the second spine ; the following rays decrease in length backwards.
Anal opposite the dorsal, but with a rather shorter base; its rays are subequal
in length. Pectoral rounded, the middle rays reaching the tenth row of
scales. Ventrals inserted before the pectorals, and but little shorter than
those fins; the basal membrane is broad. Caudal rounded.

Colour-marking.—Faded after long preservation in alcohol, but light
in colour. Each scale of the upper portions with a broad submarginal
border of dark dots. Head and middle of the sides freckled with clusters
of dark dots, which are also present on the dorsal fins.

Described and figured from one of two cotypes 32 mm. long, which
are preserved in the Australian Museum. These were secured from Mr.
De Vis in 1886 by one of us (Ogilby), and are labelled as Gobius jluvescens,
from Moreton Bay. They differ from the original description in several
important details: there are nine rays in the second dorsal and anal fins
instead of eleven and ten as described ; the proportions of the head and
depth of the body are very different from those given by De Vis; the
interorbital space is much narrower than the orbit, though it should be
noted that the eye is subequal to the interocular width. On the other
hand they agree with the description in their colour-marking, physiognomy,
and in having large scales on the nape, while the tail and other parts are
covered with thick mucous. Taking into consideration the history of the
specimens,and making allowance for the extraordinary inaccuracies common
to De Vis’ descriptions, we regard them as true cotypes of G. fluvescens.

Loc.—Moreton Bay, Queensland.

226 RECORDS OF THE AUSTRALIAN MUSEUM.

(Gorius) australis, Ogilby.

(Fig. 5.)

Gillichthys australis, Ogilby, Proc. Linn, Soc. N.S.Wales (2), ix., 1894,
p. 367.

(Gobius) australis, McCulloch, Ree. Austr. Mus., xi. 7, 1917, p. 187,
pl. xxxi., fig. 3.

Variation.—Only the largest examples of this species have the
maxilla produced backward towards the preoperculum as described by
Ogilby and figured by McCulloch. A fine series of over one hundred speci-
mens, 18-41 mm. long, which were taken together in Port Jackson, shows
that the mouth is always small in young specimens, reaching only a little
beyond the vertical of the anterior border of the eye; this last decreases
in size considerably with growth, and in the largest specimens of the
series, the maxilla extends to below its posterior third. In a 45 mm.
specimen, the end of the maxilla is a little behind the vertical of the
posterior orbital border, and in one of 58 mm., it is midway between the
eye and the preopercular margin.

Fig. 5. (Gobius) australis. A young specimen 29 mm. long, from Port Jackson.

The body is more slender in the young, but the characteristic colour-
marking is well developed in even the smallest specimens of our series.

Locs.—Many specimens, including the holotype, ave in the Australian
Museum from several localities between Newcastle and Jervis Bay, New
South Wales. *

(Gopius) MICROPHTHALMUS, Giinther.

Gobius macrostoma, Giinther, Brit. Mus. Cat. Fish., iii, 1861, p. 44 (not
of Steindachner).

(obius microphthalmus, Giinther, Ibid., p. 550.—Substitute name.
This species appears to be closely allied to the preceding.
Hab.—Australia (Giinther).

AUSTRALIAN GOBIIDE—McCULLOCGH AND OGILBY. 227

Genus Awaous, Steindachner.

Awaous (Steindachner), Jordan & Seale, Bull. U.S. Fish. Burean, xxv.,
1906, p. 405.

AWAOUS CRASSILABRIS, Giinther.

Gobius crassilubris, Giinther, Brit. Mus. Cat. Fish., iii., 1861, p. 63. Id.,
Ginther, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (3), xx., 1867, p. 61, and Fische
Siidsee, vi., 1877, p. 178, pl. eviii., fig. b.

This species has been recorded from Australia by Ginther. An
example is in the Australian Museum from Townsville, Queensland.

Genus Gostius, Linnceus.
Gosius ORNATUS, Riippell.
(Plate xxxiii., fig. 2.)

Gobius ornatus, Riippell, Atlas Reise Nord]. Afrika, Fische, 1828, p. 135.
Id, Giinther, Brit. Mus. Cat. Fish., iii., 1861, p. 21, and Ann. Mag.
Nat. Hist. (8), xx., 1867, p. 61. Id., Kner, Reise “‘ Novara,” Zool.,
1., 1865, p. 173. Id., Steindachner, Sitzb. Akad. Wiss. Wien, lvi. i.,
1867, p. 312. Id., Day, Fish. India, 1876, p. 294, pl. Ixiii., fig. 1.
Id., Giinther, Fische Siidsee, vi., 1877, p. 172, pl. exi., fig. a. Id.,
Alleyne & Macleay, Proc. Linn. Soc. N.S.Wales, i., 1877, p. 331. Id.,
Giinther, Voy. “ Challenger,” Zool., i. 6, 1880, p. 44. Id., Macleay,
Proc. Linn. Soc. N.S.Wales, 11., 1878, p. 356, and v., 1881, p. 594.
Id., Klunzinger, Sitzb. Akad. Wiss. Wien, Ixxx.i., 1879, p. 382. Id.,
Reygan, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (7), xviii., 1906, p. 453.

Gobius ventralis (Khrenberg), Cuvier & Valenciennes, Hist. Nat. Poiss.,
xil., (837, p., LIS:

Gobius interstinctus, Richardson., Ichth. “ Erebus & Terror,” 1844, p. 3,

pl. v., figs. 3-6.
Gobius periophthulmoides, Bleeker, Nat. Tijd. Ned. Ind., 1., 1851, p. 249.

D. 6/11; A. 10; P.19; V.1/5; C. 13. Scales in 29 rows between
the operculum and the hypural joint, and in 9 between the anterior dorsal
and anal rays. Depth 5 in the length to the hypural joint; head 3°6 in
the same. Hye 4 in the head; interoybital width 45 in the eye. Snonut
longer than the eye, 3:2 in the head ; depth of caudal peduncle 2:1 in the
same.

Cheeks and opercles naked, with minute mucigerous canals and the
usual preopercular, nuchal, occipital and rostral pores. Eyes of moderate
size, breaking the profile, and separated by a very narrow interorbital
space. Snout a little longer than the eye, its profile oblique and convex.
Anterior nostril in a short tube, the posterior a simple opening. Maxil-
lary reaching to below the middle of the eye, mandible shorter than the
premaxillaries. A band of villiform teeth in each jaw; a few enlarged,
cardiform, curved teeth in the front of the upper jaw, and some smaller
ones in the lower; palate and tongue toothless. Tongue rounded an-
teriorly.

228 RECORDS OF THE AUSTRALIAN MUSEUM.

Body subcylindrical anteriorly, compressed posteriorly. It is covered
with large, finely ctenoid scales, which extend forward to behind the eyes,
and onto the thorax and the base of the pectoral. Most of the scales of
the median lateral row each bear a vertical series of mucigerous pores.
Genital papilla well developed.

First dorsal rounded, originating well behind the pectorals; the
second ray is longest, about as long as the head without the operculum.
The rays of the second dorsal increase slightly in length backward to the
penultimate. Anal originating behind the second dorsal and terminating
a little in advance of it; the two fins are of similar form, but the posterior
anal rays are a little longer than those of the dorsal, and slightly longer
than the second dorsal spine. Pectoral rounded, reaching to below the
first dorsal ray; the four upper rays are silk-like, bifureate, and free
from the membrane. Ventrals inserted behind the pectorals but before
the dorsal, and reaching to the anal. Caudal rounded.

Colour.—Light brown in alcohol, with rows of large black spots on the
sides ; on the nape and back, these spots are smaller and linear, and form
about five rows anteriorly ; a series of large blotches along the middle of
the sides, and another of smaller blotches below it. Obscure darker
saddles cross the back, and pearly spots are present on most of the scales.
Cheeks and opercles with dark blotches, and two more cross the pectoral
base. Dorsal fins with rows of dark brown spots and intermediate light
pearly lines, their margins yellowish. Caudal dark spotted, with pearly
lines and spots between the rays; pectoral similar, but with the dark
spots less evident. Anal with about four rows of dark lines basally
between the rays; these are followed by large transparent spots, after
which the fin is again dark with a lighter margin. Ventrals blackish.

Described and figured from a specimen 84 mm. long, collected at
Murray Island, Torres Strait. A fine series of over one hundred speci-
mens 20-95 mm. long, and mostly from the same locality, shows that this
species varies but little in the general arrangement of its colour marking.
Younger examples are lighter, and have fewer and larger spots than the
adults, and the pectorals are usually without darker spots.

Locs.—Specimens are in the Australian Museum from the following
localities :—Murray Island, Torres Strait; Two Isles, near Cape Bedford,
North Queensland; Cairns Reef, off Cooktown, Queensland ; Port Darwin,
North Australia; New Hebrides. F

Distribution—This species ranges from the Red Sea through the
Kast Indies, to the Kastern Pacific. It is recorded from North-western
Australia southwards to the King River (Regan), Port Darwin, and
North-eastern Queensland southward to Cooktown.

The affinities of the following sixteen species are unknown to us.

(Gonius) pauper, De Vis.
Gobius pauper, De Vis, Proce. Linn, Soc. N.S.Wales, ix., 1884, p. 687.
Loc.—Moreton Bay, Queensland (De Vis).

AUSTRALIAN GOBIIDE—-McCULLOGH AND OGILBY. 229

(Gopius) pRIncEePs, De Vis.
Gobius princeps, De Vis, Loc. cit., p. 685.
Loc.—Cape York, Queensland (De Vis).

(Gosius) WarKinsont, De Vis.
Gobius watkinsoni, De Vis, Loc. cit., p. 685.
Loc.—Moreton Bay, Queensland (De Vis).

(GoBIUS) TAMARENSIS, Johnston.
Gobius tamarensis, Johnston, Proc. Roy. Soc. Tasm., 1882 (1883), p. 120.
Said to resemble Gobius lateralis, Macleay.

Loc.—Tamar River, Tasmania, in fresh water (Johnston).

(Gopits) HAACKEI, Steindachner.

(fobius haackei, Steindachner, Sitzb. Akad. Wiss. Wien, Ixxxviii. i., 1884,
p. 1074.

Hab.—South Australia (Steindachner).

(GoBIUS) PULCHELLUS, Castelnau.
Gobius pulchellus, Castelnau, Proc. Zool. Soc. Vict., i., 1872, p. 125.
Loc.—Western Port, Victoria (Castelnau).

(GopiUs) FILAMENTOSUS, Castelnau.

Gobius filamentosus, Castelnau, Res. Fish. Austr. (Vict. Offic. Rec. Philad.
Exhib.), 1875, p. 19.

Loc.—Adelaide, South Australia (Castelnan).

(Gopius) MAcoLatus, Castelnau.

Gobius maculatus, Castelnau, Res. Fish. Austr. (Vict. Offic. Rec. Philad.
Exhib.), 1875, p. 20.

Hab.—Queensland (Castelnan).

(Gopius) CASTELNAUI, Maclewy.

Gobius frenutus, Castelnau, Proc. Zool. Soc. Vict., i., 1872, p. 123 (not of
Giinther).

Gobius castelnaui, Macleay, Proc. Linn. Soc. N.S.Wales, v., 1881, p. 598.
Loc.—Hobson’s Bay, Victoria (Castelnau).

230 RECORDS OF THE AUSTRALIAN MUSEUM.

(Gopius) FRENATUS, Giinther.
Gobius frenatus, Giinther, Brit. Mus. Cat. Fish., iii., 1861, p. 39.
Hub.—Australia (Giinther).

(GoBIDS) NIGROOCELLATUS, (iinther.
Globius nigroocellutus, Giinther, Journ. Mus. Godeff., i. 2, 1874, p. 101.

Loe.—Bowen, Queensland (Giinther).

(Gonius) PLATYSTOMA, Giinther,
Gobius platystoma, Giinther, Proc. Zool. Soc., 1871, p. 664, pl. Ixiii., fig. b.
Loc.—Port Mackay, Queensland (Giinther).

(Goxius) vorcru, Bleeker.

Gobius voigtii, Bleeker, Nat. Tijdschr. Ned. Ind., vii., 1854, p. 83. Id.,
Giinther, Brit. Mus. Cat. Fish., ii., 1861, p. 72, and Ann. Mag. Nat.
Hist. (3), xx., 1867, p. 61.

Loc.—Port Essington and Cape York (Giinther).

(Gonius) supposrrus, Sauvage.
Gobius suppositus, Sauvage, Bull. Soc. Philom, (7), iv., 1880, p. 41.
Loc.—Swan River (Sauvage).

Gonius INFAUSTUS, Sauvage.
Gobius infuustus, Sauvage, Bull. Soc. Philom. (7), iv., 1880, p. 42.

Loc. —Melbourne (Sauvage).

(Goxius) oLoruM, Sauvage.
(robius olorum, Sauvage, Bull. Soc. Philom. (7), iv., 1880, p. 43.

Loc.—Swan River (Sauvage).

Maro, Smitt.

Mapo, Smitt, Ath. Vet. Kong. Ak. Stockholm, 1899, p. 543 (Gobius sopor-
utor, Cuvier & Valenciennes. ).

This genus only differs from (fobius in having the tongue notched on
the median line anteriorly instead of being truncate.

B, “Anal with NING WAPH os dns dideweveviacnennesels duhnd gute ts sheen MEG eS a, fuscus,
GG. Anal with ton rayS,,.<....:.:ssecssaindees bh 4s vbiripndssh dential ee a krefflii.

AUSTRALIAN GOBIIDH—McCULLOCH AND OGILBY. 231

Maro Fuscus, Iiippell.
(Plate xxxiili., fig. 3.)

Gobius fuscus, Rippell, Atl. Reise Nordl. Afrika, Fische, 1828, p. 137.

Gobius punctillatus, Riippell, Loc. cit., 1828, p. 138.

£ Gobius soporator, Cuvier & Valenciennes, Hist. Nat. Poiss., xii., 1837,
p. 56. Id., Jordan & Evermann, Bull. U.S. Nat. Mus., xlvii. iii
1898, p. 2216 (whi synonymy).

Gobius albopunctatus, Cuvier & Valenciennes, Loc. cit., p.57. Id., Riippell,
Neue Wirbelth., Fische, 1838, p. 138. Id., Giinther, Brit. Mus. Cat.
Fish., 1i., 1861, p. 25, and Fische Siidsee, vi., 1877, p. 172, pl. ex.,
fig. a. Id., Day, Fish. India, 1876, p. 294, pl. lxiii., fig. 7. Id.,
Macleay, Proc. Linn. Soc. N.S.Wales, ii., 1878, p. 357, and Loe. cit.,
Visy UBS. pe o9o,

Gobius nebulopunctatus, Cuvier & Valenciennes, Hist. Nat. Poiss., xii., 1837,
p. 57. Id., Riippell, Nene Wirbelth., Fische., 1838, pp. 138, 139.
Id., Ginther, Brit. Mus. Cat. Fish., iii., 1861, p. 26. Id., Klunzinger,
Sitzb. Akad. Wiss. Wien, lxxx. i., 1879, p. 382. Id., Macleay, Proc.
Linn. Soc. N.S.Wales, ix., 1884, p. 31.

Gobius pandangensis, Bleeker, Nat. Tijd. Ned. Ind., i., 1849, p. 249.

Gobius breviceps, Blyth, Proc. Asiat. Soe. Bengal, 1858, p. 271.

Gobius homocyanus, Vaillant & Sauvage, Revue Mag. Zool. (3), iii., 1875,
p. 280.

Gobius darnleyensis, Alleyne & Macleay, Proc. Linn. Soc. N.S.Wales, i
187%, p.ao2, pl. xu. fe,

Gobius nigripinnis, Alleyne & Macleay, Ibid., p. 382, pl. xii., fig. 2.

fobius sandviciensis, Gunther, “ Challenger’’ Rept., Zool., i., 1880, p. 60.

Gobius marginalis, De Vis, Proc. Linn. Soc. N.S.Wales, ix., 1884, p. 686.

? Gobius poecilichthys, Jordan & Snyder, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus., xxiv.,
1901, p. 52, fig. 4.

Mapo fuseus, Jordan & Hvermann, Bull. U.S. Fish. Bureau, xxiii. i., 1905,
p. 483, fig. 212. -Id., Weber, “ Siboga” Exped., lvii., 1913, p. 466.

D. vi/10-11; A.9; P.18; V.i/5; C.15. Thirty-six rows of scales
between the upper base of the pectoral and the hypural joint, and thir-
teen to fourteen between the anterior dorsal and anal rays.

9

We)

Depth 4-2 in the length to the hypural joint; head 3°3 in the same.
Breadth between the bases of the pectorals 1-1 in the depth. Hye equal
to the snout, 4 in the head ; interocular space 2°5 in the eye. Depth of
the caudal peduncle 2-2, and caudal fin 1:05 in the head. Fifth dorsal
spine 2°2, posterior dorsal and anal rays 1-4 in the head.

Head naked with swollen cheeks. Very fine rows of mucigerous
pores cross the cheeks and opercles, and one extends from behind the
preopercular margin onto the mandible; open pores are present on the
snout, interobital space, behind the eye and the preoperculum, and above
the operculum. Eyes close together, cutting the profile. Snout decli-
vous ; anterior nostril tubular, the posterior a simple opening before the
eye. Mouth a little oblique, with thick fleshy lips, the maxilla reaching

232 RECORDS OF THE AUSTRALIAN MUSEUM.

to below the middle of the eye; jaws equal. An outer row of enlarged
stout teeth in:the premaxillaries, followed by a band of smaller ones
which is broadest anteriorly but narrows laterally ; a broader patch on
the anterior half of the mandible, the outer teeth being largest, though
there are a few enlarged ones about the middle of the sides; they form a
single row on the sides. Tongue broad and notched anteriorly, only the
tip free. Gill openings wider than the interspace separating them ;
exposed edge of the shoulder-girdle smooth.

Body compressed, covered with rather large ctenoid scales, which
extend forward almost to the eyes on the nape, and cover the breast ;
they are rudimentary on the base of the pectoral. ‘They increase in size
towards the tail, and each scale of the median row has a vertical series
of mucigerous pores on the hinder half of the body. Genital papilla
large.

First dorsal commencing well behind the base of the pectoral; the
five anterior spines are subequal in length, and the membrane from the
last almost touches the base of the first ray. Dorsal rays increasing
slightly in length backwards, the last forming a pointed lobe which overlaps
the base of the caudal fin. Anal similar to the second dorsal. Pectoral
rounded, reaching the vertical of the anterior dorsal rays; the three
upper rays are bifid and filamentous, silk-like. Ventrals inserted below
the pectoral base, large and completely united, not quite reaching the
vent. Caudal broadly rounded.

Colour-markiug.—Back light-coloured, with six broad dark saddle-
shaped cross-bands which expand and become confluent on the sides. The
first crosses the nape, the second is largely anterior to the dorsal fin, the
third is behind the fifth spine, the fourth behind the third ray, the fifth
behind the third last ray, and the sixth near the base of the tail. Below
the middle of the sides they form dark blotches which are largely alternate
to those of the back. Most of the scales, particularly of the lower lateral
portions, bear a round light ocellus. Cheeks and base of pectoral with
numerous light spots ; a dark spot behind the eye. First dorsal dusky,
with darker markings, and a broad whitish border. Second dorsal dusky
with lighter and darker spots on the rays, and a narrow blackish margin.
Candal with dark spots on the rays on the upper half, its lower portions
and the anal somewhat dusky. Ventrals blackish, pectorals dusky.

Described and figured from a specimen 86 mm. long, from Darnley
Island, Torres Strait; the details of the light spots of the head and body
are supplemented from those of another example. It appears to be quite
similar to an Indian example identified by Dr. Day as G. albopunctatus.

Variution.—The light spots which, when present, form such a striking
feature of this species, appear to be developed only in larger examples, and
are often lost in. preservation; they are rarely retained in examples pre-
served in formalin, but some in alcohol exhibit them very clearly. The
dark saddle-like cross-bands and the lateral blotches are usually much
more pronounced in young examples than in adults, and they appear as
illustrated in the figure of M. poecilichthys, Jordan & Snyder.

AUSTRALIAN GOBIIDH—-McCULLOCH AND OGILBY. 233

Nomenclature.—Gobius fuscus, 1828, was a “ provisional”? name for a
single specimen from the Red Sea, briefly characterised by Riippell ; in 1838,
this holotype was identified by its author as G. nebulopunctatus, Cuvier &
Valenciennes, 1837, and further details of its characters were published.
In 1861, Giinther (Cat. p. 25) again examined this specimen!® in the
Senckenberg Museum, and identified it as G. ulbopunctatus, Cuvier & -
Valenciennes, 1837. G. albopunctatus and G. nebulopunctatus are now
generally considered identical, and as G. fuscus has been identified with
each, and having priority, it is the proper name to be used for this species.

Synonymy.—F our examples in the Macleay collection bear the original
label “ G. darnleyensis, Alleyne & Macleay, Darnley Is.” They differ
from the description of that species in their proportions, but agree with
the figure, and the anal rays are not longer than those of the dorsal. They
are doubtless the cotypes of G. darnleyensis, and agree in all details with
an Indian example identified by Dr. Day as G. albopwuctatus.

Two adults and four young specimens labelled as “ Gobius nigripinnis,
Alleyne & Macleay, Palm Islands’, are in very bad condition, having been
partly dried and decayed. They have ten instead of eleven rays in the
second dorsal, and the interorbital space is less than half the diameter of
the eye instead of equal to it. They are the cotypes of the species, and
notwithstanding their imperfect condition, are clearly identical with G.
darnleyensis.

Five cotypes of G. marginalis, De Vis, from Cape York, agree perfectly
with those of G. darnleyensis.

We consider M. poecilichthys, Jordan & Snyder, to be merely the
young form of M. fuscus, since we have Queensland examples which agree
well with the illustration of the Japanese species, and which are connected
with the adult form of G. fuscus as we figure it, through an intermediate
series.

M. aeolosoma, Ogilby™, is very similar to and possibly identical with
M. fuscus, differing only in its somewhat different colour-marking. Waite’s
figure! illustrates the characteristic pattern of numerous specimens from
Lord Howe Island, having the saddle-markings somewhat less definite
than in M. fuscus, and a row of dark blotches along the middle of the sides,
below which are some dark lines. This marking is variable however, and
is sometimes not distinguishable from that of M. fuscus.

Locs.—Murray Island, Torres Strait; coll. Hedley and McCulloch.
Darnley Island, Torres Strait; cotypes of G. darnleyensis. Cape York,
Queensland ; cotypes of G. marginalis. Palm Islands, Queensland ; cotypes
of G. nigripinnis. Various localities between Cooktown and Port Curtis,
Queensland ; coll. McCulloch. Sweers Island, Gulf of Carpentaria ; coll.
C. Hedley. Port Darwin, Northern Territory; Macleay Museum.

13 Giinther (Cat., p. 26) stated that the type of G. fuscus was lost, but records
that he examined Riippell’s ‘‘ typical’’ example of G. nebulopunctatus (Ibid., p. 25).
Since the same specimen served for both of Riippell’s identifications, it seems probable
that the example seen by Giinther was really the holotype of G. fuscus bearing the
changed name of G. nebulopunctatus.

14 Ogilby—Mem. Austr. Mus., ii., 1889, p. 61.

15 Waite—Rec. Austr. Mus., v., 1904, p. 176, pl. xxiii., fig. 2.

234 RECORDS OF THE AUSTRALIAN MUSEUM.

Distribution.—This species ranges from the Red Sea and the Eastern
Coast of Africa to Japan, Australia, and the Eastern Pacific Ocean.

If G. soporator be correctly identified with it, as seems probable, its
range also extends to both coasts of America.

Maro kKrerrtit, Steindachner.
(Plate xxxiii., fig. 4.)

Gobius kreftii, Steindachner, Sitzb. Akad. Wiss. Wien., liii. i., 1866,
p. 451.

Gobius criniger, Steindachner, Loc. cit., lvi. 1., 1867, p. 326 (not of Cuvier
and Valenciennes).

Gobius brevifilis, Giinther, “ Challenger” Rept., Zool., i., 1880, p. 28. Id.,
Ogilby, Cat. Fish. N.S.Wales, 1886, p. 35. Id., Waite, Mem.
N.S.Wales Nat. Club, ii., 1904, p. 45 (not (. brevifilis, Day).

Gobius buceatus, Macleay, Ibid., p. 601. Id., Ogilby, Ibid. Id., Waite,
Ibid (not of Cuvier and Valenciennes).

Gobius fluvidus, Macleay, Proc. Linn. Soc. N.S.Wales, v., 1881, p. 602.
Id., Ogilby, Ibid. Id., Waite, Ibid.

D, vi/ll; A. 105’ F647 5 V. i/5; C. 14. 36-37 rows of scales
between the upper base of the pectoral and the hypural joint, and 13-14
between the anterior dorsal and anal rays.

Depth 4°8 in the length to the hypural joint ; head 3-4 in the same.
Breadth between the bases of the pectorals 1:05 in the depth. Eye slightly -
shorter than the snout, 4:1 in the head. Interocular space 6 in the eye.
Depth of the caudal peduncle 2°3, and the caudal fin 1-1 in the head.
First dorsal spine 2, third dorsal ray and penultimate anal ray nearly 2 in
the head.

Colour-marking.—Body greenish white on the back and white below
with six saddle markings composed of reddish brown spots and disposed
as in M. fuseus. Kight or nine darker blotches are present along the
middle of the sides. Head mottled and dotted with reddish brown spots
which are largest on the cheeks and opercles. Dorsal fins with several
rows of brownish pink spots, their margins yellowish. Caudal with similar
spots; the rest of the fin and the pectorals, anal, and ventrals pale yellow.

Variation.—The intensity of the colour- -marking varies greatly in
different specimens, though it is similarly disposed in all, and the relative
lengths of the dorsal and anal spines and rays vary with growth,

This species is similar in all structural details to M. fuscus, and greatly
resembles that species in its colour-marking also, though it apparently
does not develop any light ocelli on the scales. It is characterised however,
by having ten instead of nine anal rays, as we find by counting a large
number of specimens of both species.

Synonymy.—Soon after the description of G. krefftii, Steindachner,
was published, its author indicated, with much doubt, the identity of his

AUSTRALIAN GOBIIDH—-McCULLOCH AND OGILBY. 235

species and G@. criniger. This error was unfortunately accepted, and the
name (#. kreftii has been omitted from all later lists, the species being
incorrectly referred to as G. brevifilis, which is synonymous with (. criniger.

The specimens identified as G. buccatus, Cuvier and Valenciennes,
from Port Jackson by Macleay, differ from the description of that species
in having fewer rays in the dorsal and anal fins and in having a very
narrow instead of a wide interorbital space. They do not differ from our
examples of M. krefftit.

The two cotypes of G. flavidus, Macleay, 31-37 mm. long, are very
faded, but are quite similar in all details to our M. krefftit.

Locs.—This species is common near Sydney, and we have examined
numerous specimens from several localities between Port Stephens and
Jervis Bay, New South Wales. The example figured is from Port Jackson.

Gtossogosius, Gill.

‘

Glossogobius, Gill, Ann. Lye. Nat. Hist. N.York, 1859, p. 46 (Gobius
platycephalus, Richardson).

Cephalogobius, Bleeker, Arch. Néerl. Sci. Nat., ix., 1874, pp. 315, 320.

Body covered with rather large ctenoid scales, about 33 in a longitud-
inal row ; head almost naked, depressed anteriorly, with lines of mucigerous
pores on the cheeks. Lower jaw projecting. Teeth in several rows, the
outer enlarged, fixed and subulate, the inner depressible; palate toothless.
Tongue deeply notched anteriorly. Isthmus narrow, the gill-membranes
close together or completely united across it; shoulder-girdle smooth.
Pseudobranchie present. Ventral fins united, with one spine and five
rays. Dorsal with six spines and about ten rays, anal with about nine.

a. Gill membranes separated by the isthmus. About 33 scales between the upper
base of the pectoral and the hypural joint ; maxilla reaching to below the middle
of the eye. Lower portion of tail without broad blackish bars..,.............+ giuris.

aa. Gill membranes meeting across the isthmus, About 30 scales between the upper
base of the pectoral and the hypural joint; maxilla reaching to below the hinder
portion of the eye. Lower half of tail with broad blackish bars......... biocellatus.

Gobius circumspectus, Macleay (Proc. Linn. Soc. N.S.Wales, viii.,
1883, p. 267) from Milne Bay, Papua, is a species of (flossogobius, and is
very similar to G. giuris. The holotype is 115 mm. long. Depth 5:1 in
the length from the premaxillary symphysis to the hypural joint ; head,
without mandible, 3:1 in the same. OD. vi/10; A. 9. Thirty-one scales
between the upper base of the pectoral and the hypural joint, and 5 9 3
between the anterior dorsal and anal rays. Second dorsal spine filamentous ;
dorsal rays increasing in length backward, the last reaching about three-
quarters of its distance from the caudal. The colour-markings are similar
to those of G. giuris.

Gobius concavifrons, Ramsay and Ogilby (Proc. Linn. Soc. N.S.Wales
(2), i., 1887, p. 12) is also a Glossogobius, and possibly identical with G.
celebius, Cuvier and Valenciennes.

236 RECORDS OF THE AUSTRALIAN MUSEUM.

GLossoGgoBius Griuris, Buchanan.

Gobius giuris, Buchanan, Fish. Ganges, 1822, pp. 51, 366, pl. xxxiii., fig.
15. Jd., Giinther, Brit. Mus. Cat. Fish., iii., 1861, p. 21. Id., Day,
Fish. India, 1876, p. 294, pl. Ixvii., fig. 1 (wide synonymy). Id.,
Macleay, Proc. Linn. Soc. N.S.Wales, ii., 1878, p. 356.

Gobius fusciato-punctatus, Richardson, Voy. “ Sulphur,” Ichth., 1845, p.
145, pl. lxii., figs. 18, 14.

Glossogobius giuris, Weber, ‘“Siboga” Exped., lvii., 1913, p. 468, fig. 93.

Gobius swuroides, Castelnau, Proc. Linn. Soc. N.S.Wales, iii., 1878, p. 48.

Hleotris laticeps, De Vis, Proc. Linn. Soc. N.S.Wales, ix., 1884, p. 692.

D. vi/10; A. 9; P. 21; V. i/5; C. 13. 34 rows of scales between
the upper base of the pectoral and the hypural joint, and 11 between the
anterior dorsal and anal rays.

Depth 5:8 in the length between the premaxillary symphysis and the
hypural joint; head, without the mandible, about 3 in the same. Kye 6
in the head, and 1°8 in the snout, which is 3°3 in the head. Interorbital
space 1-8 in the eye. Depth of the caudal peduncle 3°3 in the head ;
breadth between the pectoral bases subequal to the depth. Second dorsal
spine 2°2, first dorsal ray about 2, third anal ray 2°7, and caudal 1:3 in
the head.

Head naked, with the exception of a few small scales on the upper
portion of the operculum. About five rows of minute pores cross the
cheek horizontally, and others extend around the eye and preopercular mar-
gin, and on the operculum, snout and mandible ; an open pore between the
eyes, and others behind the preopercular margin. Eyes of moderate size,
superolateral, and separated. by a flat interorbital space. Snonut long,
obtusely pointed, the mandible much longer than the upper jaw ; maxillary
reaching to below the middle of the eye. Nostrils close together, the
anterior in a short tube, the posterior a simple opening slightly nearer the
eye than the end of the snout. Premaxillary teeth in two series, the outer
formed of a row of fixed subulate teeth, and the inner of a band of depres-
sible teeth, the innermost of which are much longer than the others and
acicular; mandibular teeth similar. Tongue largely free, its anterior
margin deeply notched. Free edges of the gill-membranes separated by a
space about half as wide as the eye; exposed margin of the shoulder-
girdle smooth, without papilla. f

Body subeylindrical anteriorly, compressed posteriorly, and covered
with rather large, angular, ctenoid scales, which are largest posteriorly.
They extend forward to a little behind the eyes on the nape, and onto the
breast and base of the pectoral. A small genital papilla.

First dorsal commencing a little before the middle of the pectorals ;
the second spine is longest, the others decreasing backwards; dorsal rays
decreasing in length backwards, the last reaching about half its distance
from the caudal. Anal nearly opposite the soft dorsal, the rays increasing
in height backwards. Pectoral narrowly rounded, the median rays almost
reaching the vertical of the vent. Ventrals completely united, inserted
behind the pectorals, and reaching about three-quarters of their distance
from the vent. Caudal rounded.

CO —————————

AUSTRALIAN GOBILDZ—McCULLOCH AND OGILBY. 237

Colour-marking.—Whitish in formaline, mottled with olive-green
seript-like markings on the head and upper half of the body ; four larger
dark blotches along the sides, and a blackish spot at the base of the tail.
Operculum with a dark blotch. Dorsal and caudal fins with rows of
greyish spots on the rays; base of the pectoral with a dark bar on its
upper portion.

Described from a specimen 127 mm. long, from the Flinders River,
Queensland, which is quite similar to an Indian example received from
Dr. Francis Day.

Synonymy.—Gobius sauroides, Castelnau, was described from a specimen
seven inches long, which was taken in the Norman River, Gulf of Carpen-
taria. We have an example rather less than five inches long from the
same locality, which agrees with Castelnau’s description in most details,
though it has fewer scales and more numerous dorsal rays. It is identical
with G. giwris, and indicates that G. sauroides is synonymous with that
species.

The holotype of Hleotris laticeps, De Vis, is preserved in the Queensland
Museum. It has been stuffed and is now very imperfect, the fins being
much broken, while no trace of its colour-marking remains. It is clearly
identical with G. giuris, however, even a portion of the membrane uniting
the ventrals being preserved between the bases of the fins.

Locs.—F linders River, near Richmond, Queensland ; coll. F. L. Berney.
Norman River, Gulf of Carpentaria; coll. Dr. C. Taylor. Port Darwin,
Northern Australia ; Macleay Museum.

GLOSSOGOBIUS BIOCELLATUS, Owvier and Valenciennes.

Gobius biocellatus, Cuvier and Valenciennes, Hist. Nat. Poiss., xii., 1837,
p- 73. Id., Gtinther, Brit. Mus. Cat. Fish.,.11., 1861, p. 20. Id.,
Day, Fish. India, 1876, p. 289, pl. Ixiii., fig. 8.

robius (Glossogobius) biocellatus, Weber, “Siboga”’ Exped.,lvii., 1913, p. 470.

Glossogobius vaisiganis, Jordan and Seale, Bull. U.S. Fish. Bureau, xxv.,
1906, p. 403, fig. 93.

D. vi/10; A.9; P.17; V.i/5; C. 13. 29 rows of scales between
the upper base of the pectoral and the hypural joint; 9 between the
anterior dorsal and anal rays.

Depth 6°5 in the length between the premaxillary symphysis and the
hypural joint; head, without mandible, 3-1 in the same. Hye 4°6 in the
head, and 1:2 in the snout, which is 4 in the head. Interorbital space
4-2 in the eye. Depth of caudal peduncle 3:5 in the head; breadth
between the bases of the pectorals slightly greater than the depth. Second
dorsal spine 2°1, second dorsal ray 1:7, penultimate anal ray 1-6, and
caudal 1°3 in the head.

Head wholly naked, mucigerous system not well defined. Hyes
superior, separated by a very narrow interspace. Snout long, pointed,
the mandible much longer than the upper jaw. Maxilla almost reaching
the vertical of the hinder orbital margin. Anterior nostril in a short
tube, the posterior a large opening, much nearer the eye than the end of
the snout, An outer row of curved, subulate teeth in the premaxillary,

938 RECORDS OF THE AUSTRALIAN MUSEUM.

decreasing in size backwards; an inner row of large, acicular, depressible
teeth, and an intermediate series of minute teeth between them. Mandib-
ular teeth similar to those of the upper jaw anteriorly, but the fixed teeth
are smaller laterally, and the minute ones are lost on the sides. Tongue
largely free, deeply notched anteriorly. Gill-membranes united across the
isthmus ; free-edge of shoulder-girdle smooth, without papille.

Body subcylindrical anteriorly, compressed posteriorly, and covered
with large, angular, ctenoid scales, which are largest posteriorly. They
extend forward to a little behind the eyes above, and outo the breast and
the base of the pectorals. Genital papilla very small.

First dorsal commencing a little behind the base of the pectoral ;
second spine longest, and the margin of the fin rounded. Dorsal rays sub-
equal in height, the last reaching backward to about three quarters of its
distance from the hypural joint. Anal opposite the soft dorsal, its rays
increasing in height backwards. Pectoral reaching the vertical of the
vent. Ventrals completely united, and reaching the vent; they are
inserted beneath the base of the pectoral. Caudal somewhat pointed, the
lower rays obliquely truncate.

Colour-marking.—Brown in alcohol, the scales of the lower half of the
sides lighter, with broad brown margins; about six dark blotches along
the sides, and three or four narrow, dark horizontal lines along the series
of scales. Head dark speckled, with a light marking from the eye to the
mouth. First dorsal dark, with some broad lighter markings basally; a
dark blotch between the first and second spines, and a black, light-edged
ocellus between the fifth and sixth spines. Second dorsal dark, with
microscopic, blackish dots, which form darker spots in irregular rows.
Anal blackish, the rays lighter, and some white spots posteriorly. Caudal
grey above, with indefinite darker bars ; the lower portion bears three or
four broad dark cross-bars, which are darkest basally, and separated by
light interspaces. Pectoral with a dark horizontal bar on the lower
portion of its base. Ventrals with dark transverse bars.

Described from a specimen 85 mm, long. A second taken with it
does not offer any noticeable differences,

Synonymy.—These examples agree so well with the description and
figure of G. vaisiganis, Jordan and Seale, that they are evidently identical
with that species. We have also compared them with an Indian example
of G. biocellatus, received from Dr, Francis Day, which, though in rather
bad condition, is evidently similar in all details. We therefore regard (.
vuisiganis as synonymous with G. biocellutus.

Loc.—Finches’ Creek, Cooktown, North Queensland; coll. A. R.
McCulloch.

Paracosiopon, Bleeker.

lvippelia and Riipellia, Swainson, Nat. Hist. Class. Amph. Rept. Fish., ii.,
1839, pp. 154, 281 (Gobius echinocephalus, Riippell). Not Riippellia,
Wiedemann, 1830, a genus of Diptera.

Riippellia (Swainson) Jordan & Richardson, Check-list Fish. Philippine
Arch., 1910, p. 47.

AUSTRALIAN GOBIIDE—McCULLOCH AND OGILBY. 239

Paragobiodon, Bleeker, Ned. Tijdschr. Dierk., iv., 1873, p. 129 (Gobius .
echinocephalus, Riippell)!®. Id., Bleeker, Arch. Néerl. Sci. Nat., ix.,
1874, p. 309. Id., Jordan & Seale, Bull. U.S. Fish. Bureau, xxv.,
1906, p. 396. |

Form short and compressed, head subglobular. Body with large
-ctenoid scales. Head naked, with papille or sete; some large open
pores on the upper surface of the head, behind the eye and preopercular
margin. Snout rounded, jaws subequal, mouth very oblique; nostrils in
short tubes ; no barbles. A band of villiform teeth in each jaw, and an
outer row of enlarged teeth ; mandible with a curved canine on each side
of the symphysis; palate toothless. Tongue rounded, free anteriorly.
Gill-openings lateral, isthmus very broad. Exposed edge of shoulder-
girdle a smooth ridge. Pseudobranchiz present; gill-rakers few, short
and spinate. Dorsal with about vi/10 rays, short and rounded ; anal
similar to second dorsal, with about 10 rays. Pectorals large, without free
rays. Ventrals united, cup-shaped, with i/5 rays. Caudal rounded.

PARAGOBIODON ECHINOCEPHALUS, Liippell.
(Plate xxxiv., fig. 1.)

Gobius echinocephalus, Riippell, Atlas Fische Roth. Meers, 1828, p. 136,
pl. xxxiv., fig. 5, and Neue Wirbelth., Fische, 1838, p. 138. Id.,
Cuvier & Valenciennes, Hist. Nat. Poiss., xii., 1837, p. 134. Id.,
Giinther, Brit. Mus. Cat. Fish., iii., 1861, p. 34, and Fische Siidsee,
vi., 1877, p. 175, pl. eviii., fig. d. Id., Klunzinger, Verh. Zool. Bot.
Ges. Wien, 1871, p. 475.

Gobius amiciensis, Cuvier & Valenciennes, Hist. Nat. Poiss., xii., 1837, p.
135. Id., Giinther, Brit. Mus. Cat. Fish., iii., 1861, p. 35. Id.,
Sauvage, Poiss. Madagascar, 1891, p. 352, pl. xli.

Gobius xanthosoma, Bleeker, Nat. Tijdschr. Ned. Indie, iii., 1852, p. 703.
Id., Giinther, Brit. Mus. Cat. Fish., 1ii., 1861, p. 42.

Gobius melanosoma, Bleeker, Nat. Tijdschr. Ned. Indie, iii., 1852, p. 703.
Id., Peters, Monatsbr. Ak. Berlin, 1868, p. 265. Id., Day, Fish.
India, 1876, p. 297, pl. Ixiv., fig. 1.

Gobius gobiodon, Day, Proc. Zool. Soc., 1869, p. 516.

Gobius gibbosus, Macleay, Proc. Linn. Soc. N.S.Wales, v., 1881, p. 601.

Gobius scabriceps, Macleay, Loc. cit., p. 603.

Gobius waitii, Garman, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., xxxix., 1903, p. 234, pl.
ili., fig. 3.

Paragobiodon echinocephalus, Bleeker, Nederl. Tijdschr. Dierk., iv., 1873,
p. 129, and Verh. Akad. Amsterdam, xviii., 1879, p.17. Id., Jordan
& Seale, Bull. U.S. Fish. Bureau, xxv., 1906, p. 397.

Paragobiodon xanthosomus, Bleeker, Arch. Néerl. Sci. Nat., xiii., 1878, p.
54. Id., Jordan & Seale, Bull. U.S. Fish. Bureau, xxv., 1906, p. 397.

16 Fide Weber & de Beaufort—Fish. Indo-Austr. Arch., i., 1911, p. 289.

240 RECORDS OF THE AUSTRALIAN MUSEUM.

Paragobiodon melanosoma, Bleeker, Resch. Faun. Madagascar, 1875, p. 78,
and Arch, Néerl. Sci, Nat., xiii., 1878, p. 54.

Ruppellia echinocephala, Jordan & Richardson, Check-list Fish. Philippine
Islands, 1910, p. 47. Id., Ogilby, Mem. Qld. Mus., ii., 1913, p. 92.

Ruppellia melanosoma, Jordan & Richardson, Loc. cit.

D. vi/10; A. 10; P. 20; V.i/5; C.17. 24 scales between the axil
and the hypural joint, and 10 between the anterior dorsal and anal rays.

Depth 3 in the length to the hypural joint; head 3:2 in the same.
Hye 3:7 in the head, a trifle longer than the snout, and 1°6 in the in-
terocular space. Breadth before the bases of the pectorals 1-4 in the
depth ; depth of the caudal peduncle 1-7 in the head.

Head a little deeper than long, naked, with bristle-like filaments ;
these are longest and most numerous on the lower surfaces, while they
also cover the operculum and occiput, and leave the upper portion of the
cheek and side of the neck bare. Some large open pores are present on
the preopercular border, behind the eye, and on the interorbital area.
Eyes in the anterior half of the head, separated by a wide convex in-
terorbital space. Snout very obtuse, the anterior profile subvertical, the
upper arched evenly backward to the dorsal spines; chin prominent.
Mouth subvertical, the maxilla reaching to below the anterior border of
the eye. Nostrils large, the anterior in a tube near the lip, the pos-
terior almost above the margin of the eye and with.a raised margin. A
band of villiform teeth in each jaw, the outer ones enlarged anteriorly ;
a strong inner canine on each side of the mandibular symphysis, followed
by two or three smaller ones towards the sides. Tongue thick, rounded
anteriorly and free. Gill-openings opposite and about as wide as the
bases of the pectorals, narrower than the isthmus separating them ;
shoulder-girdle smooth,

Body short and thick, with large ctenoid scales which commence
abrupty on an oblique line extending from the axil to the anterior dorsal
ray; abdomen largely scaly, the base of the pectoral and the breast
naked, the latter with filaments similar to those of the head. Median
row of body scales with vertical series of minute mucigerous papillae,
Genital papilla large.

First dorsal fin rounded and connected with the base of the second
by membrane ; the fourth spine is longest, and about once and two-thirds
as long as the eye. Second dorsal somewhat rounded and higher than
the first, the median rays longest, the posterior not reaching the base of
the caudal. Anal opposite the soft dorsal, the rays increasing in height
to the eighth. Pectoral large and rounded, reaching to above the third
anal ray. Ventrals rounded and cup-shaped, their lower surfaces densely
papillose ; the spines are broad with a furrow on their anterior faces, and

bent backward at their tips; they support a strong basal membrane.
Caudal rounded.

Colour.—Uniformly bleached after long preservation in alcohol.
Uniform reddish-brown, according to Macleay.

AUSTRALIAN GOBITD®—McCULLOCH AND OGILBY. 241

Described from one of the three cotypes of Gobius scabriceps, Mac-
leay, 30 mm. long; this differs from its brief description in having the
diameter of the eye two thirds’as wide as the interocular space instead of
less than one half. The accompanying figure represents a smaller speci-
men, 235 mim. long, from Masthead Island, which differs principally in
having the head lighter in colour than the body, and covered with only
papille instead of filaments.

Variation.—A careful comparison of sixty-two specimens, 12-34 mm.
long, indicates that this species is highly variable in its colouration, but
that such variations do not represent even subspecific characters. (A)
Five examples from Masthead Island have the body and fins brownish-
black with the head flesh-coloured. (B) Four others from Green Island
are more nearly uniform brown, the body being lighter and the head not
so pale. (C) Of five small specimens from Murray Island, one is like A ;
the others have all the fins except the ventrals blackish, while the head
and body is flesh-coloured ; four others from Masthead Island are simi-
larly coloured. (D) Four specimens from German New Guinea are each
differently coloured, and are somewhat intermediate between forms C
and EK. (EK) Thirty-six from Masthead Island and three from Murray
Island are light coloured all over, grass-green in life, with the margin of
the caudal dark and usually of the dorsal and anal also.

The filaments on the head are more papillose in the small dark
coloured examples than in the lighter ones of similar size, in which they
are setiform, and they are less abundant on the nape; this feature is
variable however, and offers no specific character. In younger specimens
also, the scales near the dorsal and anal fins are imperfectly developed, so
that they appear less numerous in a transverse series than in adults.

Synonymy.—The variability of this species has caused writers to
bestow several names upon it. Gobius amiciensis, Cuvier and Valen-
ciennes, was reduced to the synonymy of G. echinocephalus by Klunzin-
ger, who has been followed by later authors. (. xanthosoma, Bleeker,
and G. melanosoma, Bleeker, are also identical with G. echinocephalus
according to Weber. G. gobiodon, Day, was relegated to the synonymy
of G. melanosoma by its author, while G. waitii, Garman, is evidently
another synonoym, as suggested by Jordan and Seale under (. wanthosomu.
Finally, we have compared the types of (. gibbosus, Macleay, and G. scab-
riceps, Macleay from the Endeavour River, and find them identical in
all details, and evidently synonymous with G. echinocephalus.

Localities of specimens examined.—Masthead Island off Port Curtis,
and Green Island off Cairns, Queensland ; coll. McCulloch. Endeavour
River, Queensland ; types of G. gibbosus and CG. scabriceps. Murray Island,
Torres Strait; coll. Hedley and McCulloch. German New Guinea, Duke
of York Island, and Bougainville Island.

Genus Zonocostus, Bleeker.

Zonogobius (Bleeker), Jordan & Seale, Bull. U.S. Fish. Burean, xxv., 1906,
p. 397.

242 RECORDS OF THE AUSTRALIAN MUSEUM.

ZONOGOBIUS NUCHIFASCIATUS, Giinther.

Gobius nuchifasciatus, Giinther, Journ. Mus. Godeff., i. 4, 1874, p. 266.

Zonogobius semidoliatus, McCulloch, Proc. Linn. Soc. N.S.Wales, xxxvi.,
1912, p. 606 (Not of Cuvier & Valenciennes).

The Queensland specimens recorded by McCulloch as Z, semidoliatus
differ from that species in having a distinct membrane uniting the ventral
spines, while the cephalic colour-bars are less distinct. They are appar-
ently referable to G. nuchifasciatus.

Loc.—Dunk Island, Queensland, and Masthead Island, off Port Curtis,
Queensland. Gunther’s specimens were collected at Bowen, Queensland.

(Gosius) trpwitt, McCulloch.

(Gobius) lidwilli, McCulloch, Rec. Austr. Mus., xi. 7, 1917, p. 185, pl.
xxxi., fig. 2.

Loe.—Near Sydney.

[Gopius] BrFRENATUS, Kner.

Gobius bifrenatus, Kner, Reise ‘‘ Novara,” Zool., i., 1865, p. 177, pl. vii.,
fig. 3. Id., Klunzinger, Sitzb. Akad. Wiss. Wien, Ixxx. i., 1879, p.
383. Id., Macleay, Proc. Linn. Soc. N.S.Wales, v., 1881, p. 597.
Id., Ogilby, Cat. Fish. N.S.Wales, 1886, p. 35. Id., Lucas, Proc.
Roy. Soc. Vict. (2), ii., 1890, p. 28. Id., Waite, Mem. N.S.Wales
Nat. Club, ii., 1904, p. 46.

Gobius bassensis, Castelnau, Proc. Zool. Soc. Vict., i., 1872, p. 123.

Gobius caudatus, Castelnau, Ibid., ii., 1873, p. 47. Id., Macleay, Proc.
Linn. Soc. N.S.Wales, v., 1881, p. 600. Id., Lucas, Proc. Roy. Soc.
Vict. (2), ii., 1890, p. 29.

D. vi/ll; A. 11; P. 17; V. i/5; C. 15. Scales in about 37 rows
between the base of the pectoral and the hypural joint, and about 12
between the anterior dorsal and anal rays.

Depth 5:1 in the length to the hypural joint; head 4 in the same.
Kye 4°6 in the head ; interocular space 2°8 in the eye. Snont 3°8, depth
of candal peduncle 2:1 in the head.

' Head naked, swollen, with the usual preopercular, nuchal, occipital
and rostral pores; rows of minute pores on the cheeks and opercles, man-
dible, snout, occiput and shoulders. Eyes of moderate size, cutting the
dorsal profile, and separated by a narrow bony ridge. Snout convex, a
little longer than the eye. Mouth oblique, maxillary reaching to below
the middle of the eye; mandible not projecting beyond the upper jaw.
An outer row of enlarged teeth in each jaw, some of which are caniniform ;
these are followed by a band of villiform teeth, and an inner series of
slightly larger teeth: palate and tongue toothless. Tongue rounded
anteriorly, slightly notched on the median line. Gill-opening very wide,
the isthmus scarcely wider than the eye ; shoulder-girdle smooth.

AUSTRALIAN GOBIIDA——McCULLOCH AND OGILBY. Q43

Body compressed, the breadth between the pectorals 1-4 in its depth.
It is covered with ctenoid scales which are large and regular posteriorly,
but small and irregular anteriorly. They extend forward to above the
operculum, leaving the nape and pectoral base naked ; thorax scaly. There
are approximately thirty-seven rows between the upper base of the
pectoral and the hypural joint, but the anterior scales are so irregular
that either more or less may be counted. Genital papilla well developed.

First dorsal rounded, the fourth and fifth rays longest, as long as the
postorbital portion of the head ; second dorsal rays increasing in height
backwards, the last as long as the head without the operculum, and
reaching to the base of the caudal rays. Anal of similar form to the
second dorsal, commencing behind its second ray, and terminating slightly
behind its last; the last ray is as long as that of the second dorsal.
Pectoral somewhat pointed, its eleventh ray longest, reaching to a little
behind the vertical of the vent. Ventrals completely united, not quite

reaching the vent. Caudal elongate, pointed, the median rays longer than
the head and trunk.

General colour light green in life, abdomen white. Muzzle and throat
greenish-black ; a broad purplish-black bar from below the eye extends
obliquely across the opercles to the lower base of the pectoral, and termin-
ates between the pectoral and ventral bases; another bar is situated in the
nuchal groove, and extends backward on the body to below the last dorsal
spine; an interrupted, curved bar commences behind the eye, and crosses
the cheek to behind the mouth; upper lip blackish. An incomplete dark
bar commences beneath the pectoral, and running downward, breaks up
into a row of blackish blotches above the anal fin. Many of the scales
near the back on the hinder part of the body bear oblique, purplish streaks
near their margins. Large opalescent spots are arranged in two irregular
rows on the anterior half of the body, the base of the pectoral, thorax, and
the preoperculum. Dorsal fins with a broad, horizontal, dark bar near
their bases, the remainder of the fins almost hyaline; anterior spines
tipped with orange. Caudal dark green, with a pale yellowish border,
and a lighter median area ; about five broad purple bars cross the basal
half obliquely, and become broken up into broad interradial spots distally.
Anal pale orange basally, with a broad greyish border. Ventrals similar
to the anal, pectoral greenish-grey.

Described from a fresh specimen 142 mm. long, secured by Mr.
J. H. Wright at Sans Souci, Botany Bay. It was caught in a prawn-
net, among sea-grass (Zostera), where the species is not uncommon. A
fine series of seventy specimens, ranging from 28 mm. in length, shows
that the characteristic markings of this species are developed early in
life, and vary but little. The posterior dorsal and anal rays, and the
median caudal rays are proportionately shorter in the younger examples,
but in all other details they are very similar to the adults.

Synonymy.—Klunzinger suggested the identity of G. bassensis,
Castelnau, and (. bifrenatus, but counted about 90 scales in the latter
species, whereas according to Castelnau, there are only 38 on the lateral
line. I find them very irregular anteriorly and variable in number, but

244 RECORDS OF THE AUSTRALIAN MUSEUM.

they appear to be usually nearer forty than fifty. We have examined a
photograph of the type of (. caudatus, Castelnau, which is preserved in
the Paris Museum, and are convinced that species also is synonymous
with G. bifrenatus.

Locs.—Botany Bay and Port Jackson. Richmond River estuary,
northern New South Wales. Eden, south coast of New South Wales.
Near the Yarra River mouth, Hobson Bay, Victoria. Goolwa, Noarlunga,
and near Adelaide, South Australia.

Hab.—This species has so far been recognised only from New South
Wales and Victorian waters. Many specimens lent for examination by
the South Australian Museum, prove the species to be common in the
estuarine waters near Adelaide also.

[Goptus] SEMIFRENATUS, Macleay.
(Plate xxxiv., fig. 2.)

Gobius semifrenatus, Macleay, Proc. Linn. Soc. N.S.Wales, v., 1881, p.
598. Id., Ogilby, Cat. Fish. N.S.Wales, 1886, p. 35. Id., Waite,
Mem. N.S.Wales Nat. Club, ii., 1904, p. 46.

D. vi/1l; A. 12; P.17; V.i/5; C.17. About 32 scales from above
the base of the pectoral to the hypural joint, and about 11 between the
anterior dorsal and anal rays.

Depth almost 5 in the length to the hypural joint; head 3°6 in the
same. Kye 4°6 in the head, shorter than the snout. Interocular space 3
in the eye. Snout 3°8, depth of the caudal peduncle 2°3 in the head.

Form and structural details almost exactly similar to those of @.
bifrenatus, but with the scales rather more regular and somewhat larger
anteriorly. The posterior dorsal and anal rays are a little shorter, and
the candal is less produced, the median rays being only 0:2 longer than
the head,

Colour green, white below. Snout and upper surface of the head
with numerous small dark spots, which become larger on the nape; a
broad incomplete dark bar extends from below the eye, across the opercles
to the lower base of the pectoral, and terminates between the pectoral
and ventral bases; another imperfect bar is situated in the nuchal groove,
and ends in a dark shoulder-spot. An incomplete dark bar commences
behind the pectoral and becomes confused with a row of seven or eight
dark blotches on the lower portion of the sides, which are correlated
with some irregular transverse bars on the body. Many scales on the
anterior parts of the sides with opalescent spots. Dorsal fins with series
of grey spots forming oblique rows which run forward and upward; a
broad light margin to each fin. Caudal with small dark, light-edged
spots between the rays near the base; rarely these coalesce to form a
broad bar at the extreme base. Anal and ventral dusky.

Described and figured from a specimen 113 mm, long.

AUSTRALIAN GOBIIDH—McCULLOCH AND OGILBY. 245

A series of thirty-six specimens, 52-113 mm. long, including Mac-
leay’s types, indicates that G. semifrenatus may be distinguished from G.
bifrenatus by certain differences in the colour-marking. G. bifrenatus has
well defined bridle-marks, and the upper surface of the head without
spots; body without cross-bars ; dorsal fins longitudinally banded, and
the caudal with broad bars. In G. semifrenatus the bridle-marks are less
definite, and the head is distinctly spotted above; body with cross-bars ;
dorsal fins with oblique rows of grey spots, and the caudal with small
interradial spots. The two species are very similar in structure, differ-
ing only in the form of the caudal fin, and in the disposition of the
anterior scales. They have been captured together in a prawn-net at Sans
Souci, Botany Bay, by Mr. J. H. Wright, but as the two forms of colour-
marking do not appear to be correlated with either growth or sex, we
regard them as representing distinct species.

Locs—Specimens are in the Australian Museum from Port Jackson
and Botany Bay, New South Wales.

Hab.—New South Wales.

Genus Rurnocostius, (Gill.

Rhinogobius, Gill, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philad., 1859, p. 145 (R. similis,
Gill).

Body robust, compressed, covered with large ctenoid scales, which
become cycloid on the breast and the base of the pectoral. Head entirely
naked, with lines of mucigerous pores crossing the cheeks and opercles,
and large open pores above the nostrils, on the interorbital space, along
the nuchal groove, and around the preopercular margin. Snout obtuse,
the profile convex. Jaws subequal. Mouth a little oblique; no barbles.
A band of villiform teeth in each jaw, and an outer series of enlarged
ones ; a subcaniniform tooth may be present on each side of the mandible.
Tongue subtruncate, and free anteriorly. Gill-openings lateral, the
isthmus broad. Hxposed edge of the shoulder-girdle smooth. Pseudo-
branchie present. Gill-rakers short and thick, about five on the lower
limb of the first arch. Dorsal fins short, with about six spines and ten
rays; anal similar to the soft dorsal. Pectorals rounded, without free
rays. Ventrals large, united, with a broad basal membrane; they have
one spine and five rays. Caudal rounded.

The above definition is based upon Rk. nebulosus, Forskal, and BR.
leftwitchi, Ogilby.
Key to the Australian species.
a. Hye larger; three large dark lateral blotches, scales without dark borders...........
: : nebulosus.
aa. Eye smaller; five smaller lateral blotches, scales with dark borders.....leftwitchi.

RHINOGOBIUS NeBULOSUS, Forskal.

Gobius nebulosus, Forskal, Deser. Anim., 1775, p. 24. Id., Bloch and
Schneider, Syst. Ichth., 1801, p. 72. Id., Cuvier and Valenciennes,
Hist. Nat. Poiss., xii., 1837, p. 84.

246 RECORDS OF THE AUSTRALIAN MUSEUM.

Gobius criniger, Cuvier & Valenciennes, Ibid., p. 82. Id., Richardson,
Ichth. “ Erebus & Terror,” 1844, p. 2, pl. i., figs. 3-4. Id., Cantor,
Cat. Malay. Fish., 1850, p. 184. IJd., Bleeker, Nat. Tijd. Ned. Ind.,
iii., 1852, p. 453. Jd., Giinther, Cat. Fish. Brit. Mus., iii., 1861, p.
29. Id., Day, Fish. Malabar, 1865, p. 111, and Fish. India, 1876, p.
288, pl. xlii., fig. 2. Id., Alleyne & Macleay, Proc. Linn. Soc. N.S.
Wales, i., 1877, p. 330. Id., Macleay, Proc. Linn. Soc. N.S.Wales,
ii., 1878, p. 356, and v., 1881, p.595. Id., Weber, “ Siboga”’ Exped.,
lvii., 1913, p. 461.

Gobius brevifilis, Cuvier & Valenciennes, Hist. Nat. Poiss., xii., 1837, p.
90. Id., Day, Proc. Zool. Soc., 1867, p. 940. Id., Giinther, Fische
Siidsee, vi., 1877, p. 176, pl. eviii., fig.g. Id., Sauvage, Hist. Madag.,
xvi., 1891, pl. xli., fig. 2.

Gobius caninus var. africanus, Playfair, Fish. Zanzibar., 1866, p. 71, pl.
ia, soe 2

Gobius caninus (var. africanus), Steiidachner, Sitzb. Akad. Wiss. Wien,
lvi. i., 1867, p. 313 (not G. caninus, Cuv. & Val.).

Gobius auchenotaenia, Bleeker, Arch. Néerl. Sci. Nat., ii., 1867, p. 415,
and in Pollen & van Dam, Faun. Madag., iii., 1874, p. 56, pl. xviii.,
fig. 1. Id., Sauvage, Hist. Madag., xvi., 1891, pl. xxxix., fig. 3.

Ctenogobius criniger, Bleeker, Arch. Néerl. Sci. Nat., xiii., 1878, p. 54.

Gobius festivus, De Vis, Proc. Linn. Soc. N.S.Wales, ix., 1884, p. 687.

Coryphopterus criniger, Seale, Occ. Pap. Bishop Mus., iv., 1906, p. 84.

Rhinogobius nebulosus, Jordan & Seale, Bull. U.S. Fish. Bureau, xxv., 1906,
p. 401. JId., Jordan & Richardson, Bull. U.S. Fish. Bureau, xxvii.,
1908, p. 276, and Check List Fish. Philipp. Is., 1910, p. 47.

Rhinogobius lungi, Jordan & Seale, Bull. U.S. Fish. Bureau, xxvi., 1907,
p- 41, fig. 13.

v(vi)/10; A. 10; P. 18; V.i/5; C. 18. 31 rows of scales be-
rie the upper base of the pectoral and the hypural joint, and 13
between the anterior dorsal and anal rays.

Depth 4°3 in the length to the hypural joint, head 3:1 in the same.
Orbit 3°5 in the head, longer than the snout, which is 4:1 in the head;
interorbital width 3°5 in the orbit. Breadth between the pectoral bases
1-2 in the depth. Depth of the caudal peduncle 2°5 in the head. Third
dorsal spine 1:3, third dorsal ray 2:1, and the penultimate anal ray 2°08
in the head ; pectoral 1:5, and caudal 1:3 in the head.

Head naked; cheeks and operculum with many rows of mucigerous
pores, which also extend onto the snout, nape and mandible; larger open
pores are present on the upper surface of the head, along the nuchal
groove and around the preopercular border. Eyes large, separated by a
narrow, concave interorbital space. Snout forming a convex curve and
broadly rounded anteriorly ; anterior nostril in a short tube, the posterior
a simple opening. Mouth oblique, jaws equal, the maxilla reaching to
below the anterior fourth of the eye. A band of villiform teeth in each
jaw, and an outer row of enlarged subulate ones anteriorly, which extend

AUSTRALIAN GOBIIDEH—McCULLOCH AND OGILBY. 247

onto the sides and decrease in size backwards in the premaxillaries ; no
true canines. Tongue subtruncate and free anteriorly. Gull-openings
lateral, separated by a wide isthmus; exposed edge of the shoulder-girdle
forming a curved smooth ridge.

Body rather stout, compressed. It is covered with large, strongly
ctenoid scales, which are reduced and rudimentary before the dorsal fin,
and leave the nape and portion of the neck bare; they are cycloid and
small on the breast and bases of the pectorals. Genital papilla well
developed.

First dorsal originating above the anterior portion of the pectoral ;
the second and third spines are filiform and free terminally, and reach
well beyond the anterior ray when adpressed. Margin of the second
dorsal straight, rounded posteriorly ; the rays are subequal in height, and
the posterior ones do not reach the caudal when adpressed. Anal similar
to the soft dorsal, the rays increasing slightly in length to the penultimate.
Pectoral rounded, not quite reaching the vertical of the anterior dorsal
ray. Ventrals united, reaching the vent, with a broad basal membrane.
Caudal rounded.

Oolour-marking.—Light brown in alcohol, lighter below, with large
well-defined, blackish-brown spots on the back and sides; a large spot is
beneath the pectoral below the posterior dorsal spines, another below the
hinder part of the soft dorsal, and one at the base of the tail; a paired
series crosses the nape, another before the dorsal fin, six cross the back
and sides near the hinder part of the spinous dorsal, a pair is near the
middle of the soft dorsal, one behind the last ray, and a small one near
the candal base ; in addition there are numerous intermediate lighter and
smaller spots on the upper half of the body. A dark bar from the orbit
to the mouth, and a larger one from behind the eye to behind the angle of
the mouth. Operculum and base of the pectoral with several large
blotches. First dorsal with a median row of blackish spots, its outer
portion dusky, and the ends of the spines black. Second dorsal with
three irregular rows of blackish, light-edged ocelli between the rays, and
a black margin. Caudal with about five rows of similar ocelli, and a dark
border. Anal with a black border.

Described from a specimen 99 mm. long, from Port Darwin, which
is unusual in having only five instead of six dorsal spines.

Variation.—Thirty-two specimens 30-117 mm. long, prove the mark-
ings of this species to be very constant in disposition though variable in
their intensity; the dark borders of the vertical fins may be absent,
especially in young specimens, and that of the anal is replaced by a median
dark band in some of our younger examples. The filaments of the dorsal
spines vary in length, and may be longer in young specimens than in those
of larger size, while they are occasionally scarcely developed.

Synonymy.—Four cotypes of Gobius festivus, De Vis, agree with their
description in the more obvious characters, but prove it to be inaccurate
in various details. The upper pectoral rays are not free or silky, and the
scales do not extend forward to the orbit on the sides of the neck. The

248 RECORDS OF THE AUSTRALIAN MUSEUM.

maxilla reaches to below the anterior portion of the eye instead of nearly
to the middle, and the first dorsal is not lower than the second. They
are similar in all details to an Indian example identified by Dr. Day as
(1. criniger, which is synonymous with I. nebulosus.

Locs.—We have examined specimens from the following localities.
Shark Bay, West Australia. Port Darwin, North Australia. Sweers
Island, Gulf of Carpentaria; coll. Hedley. Cape York, North Queensland ;
cotypes of G. festivus. Thursday Island, Torres Strait ; coll. Hedley &
McCulloch. Darnley Island, Torres Strait; coll. Dr. J. R. Tosh. New
Hebrides. Madras, India; Dr. Day’s collection.

Distribution—Red Sea, Zanzibar, and Madagascar, through the
Malayan Archipelago to the Pacific; Northern Australia. Bleeker!”
identified a Tasmanian fish as (/. criniger, but this species does not occur
so far south,

RHINOGOBIUS LEFTWITCHI, Ogilby.
(Plate xxxiv., fig. 3.)
Rhinogobius leftwitchi, Ogilby, Proc. Roy. Soc. Qld., xxiii., 1910, p. 24.

D. vi/10; A. 10; P.17; V.i/5; C. 13. 30 scales between the axil
and the hypural joint, and eleven between the anterior dorsal and anal
rays.

Depth before the ventrals 4-4 in the length to the hypural joint ;
head 3°5 in the same. Kye equal to the length of the snout, 3°6 in the
head ; interorbital space 2°6 in the eye. Depth of the caudal peduncle
2°5 in the head. Breadth before the pectoral bases 1:4 in the depth.

Head a little deeper than broad, entirely naked. Cheeks and oper-
culum with many rows of mucigerous pores, arranged as shown in the
figure ; large open pores are present on the interorbital space, along the
nuchal groove, and around the preopereular border, Eyes smaller than
in Rt. nebulosus, separated by a narrow interorbital space. Snout obtuse,
and broadly rounded ; anterior nostril in a short tube near the upper lip,
the posterior a simple opening near the eye. Mouth oblique, the maxilla
reaching to below the anterior border of the eye; the mandible slightly
longer than the upper jaw. A band of villiform teeth in each jaw, and
an outer row of enlarged ones in the premaxillaries, which increase in size
backwards ; a small canine on each side of the mandible, between which
is an outer enlarged row of teeth. Tongue subtruncate, and free anteri-
orly. Gnill-openings lateral, separated by a broad isthmus; exposed edge
of the shoulder-girdle smooth.

Body rather stout, compressed, and covered with large ctenoid scales,
which become cycloid on the breast and the base of the pectoral fin; they
extend forward to a short distance before the dorsal fin and the shoulder,
but leave the nape and neck bare. Genital papilla well developed.

‘7 Bleeker—Verh. Akad. Amsterdam, ii., 1855, p. 12.

AUSTRALIAN GOBIIDH—McCULLOCH AND OGILBY. 249

First dorsal originating over the anterior half of the pectorals; the
four anterior spines are somewhat filamentous, but reach only as far as
the second ray when adpressed; the membrane from the last does not
reach the second dorsal. Dorsal rays subequal in length, the margin of
the fin a little rounded. Anal originating and terminating a little behind
the second dorsal, its rays increasing gradually in length backwards.
Pectoral broadly rounded, its middle rays not quite reaching the vertical
of the anterior dorsal ray ; no free upper rays. Ventrals large, almost
reaching to the vent, and a little longer than the pectoral, the basal
membrane well developed. Caudal rounded.

Colour-marking.—Light coloured in alcohol, each scale of the back
and sides with an inframarginal dark brown angular mark. About seven
rather indefinite bands across the back, between the nape and the caudal
fin, and there is a median row of five dark spots between the pectoral and
the hypural joint. Upper surface of the head and nape spotted and
vermiculated with brown; an indistinct violaceous band extends downward
from the eye to the angle of the mouth, and some indistinct bars on the
cheeks terminate in two darker stripes on the bases of the pectorals. Fins
hyaline ; first dorsal with a longitudinal row of grey spots near the base,
the remainder dusky ; the anterior spine annulated with darker spots.
Second dorsal with many oblique rows of grey spots, the anterior ray with
darker annulations, and the fin has a broad lighter margin. Anal with a
dusky border, and some dark spots between the hinder rays. Caudal
with some light grey spots; pectorals and ventrals plain, the latter
somewhat dusky.

Described and figured from an example 66 mm. long, from the typical
locality.

This species is very similar in all its structural details to R. nebu-
losus, but differs in its colour-marking, and in having a much smaller eye.
This is equal to the length of the snout in RP. leftwichi, but is much longer
than it in specimens of RP. nebulosws of the same size as the example
described above.

Loc.—Great Sandy Strait, Queensland.

(Gosivs) NEOPHYTUS, Giinther.

tobius neophytus, Giinther, Fische Siidsee, vi., 1877, p. 174, pl. eviii., fig. e.

Rhinogobius neophytus, Jordan & Seale, Bull. U.S. Fish. Bureau, xxv.,
1906, p. 400, pl. xxxvii., fig. 2. Id., McCulloch, Proc. Linn. Soc.
N.S.Wales, xxxvi., 1911, p. 423.

Loc.—Murray Island, Torres Strait.

(Goprius) LATERALIS, Macleay.
var. OBLIQUUS, var. nov.
(Plate xxxiv., fig. 4.)

Gobius lateralis, Macleay, Proc. Linn. Soc. N.S.Wales, v., 1881, p. 602.
Rhinogobius lateralis, McCulloch and Waite, Rec. S.Austr. Muss; iad,
1918, p. 48, pl. i1., fig. 3.

250 RECORDS OF THE AUSTRALIAN MUSEUM.

This variety appears to be quite similar to (7. lateralis, Macleay, from
Southern Australia, in both form and the disposition of its colour-marking,
but the large dark lateral spots are always elongate and disposed obliquely
in examples from near Sydney, instead of being rounded. Local examples
exhibit the same variation in the relative lengths of their dorsal and anal
rays as noted in South Australian specimens.

The specimen figured is 56 mm. long. Not being full-grown, its fin-
rays are shorter than in older examples, but it exhibits the characteristic
marking of the variety.

Locs.—Parramatta River estuary and Rose Bay, Port Jackson. Lake
Illawarra, New South Wales. A single example in the old collection of
the Australian Museum is said to have been obtained at Lord Howe
Island.

Genus Waitea, Jordan and Seale.
WAITEA MAXILLARIS, Macleay.
(Plate xxxv., fig. 3.)

Gobius mazillaris, Macleay, Proc. Linn. Soc. N.S.Wales, ii., 1878, p. 357,
pl. ix., fig. 2.

D, vi/ll; A.10; P.17; V.i/5; C.15. Scales abont 43; 1. tr. 16.
Depth 4:1 in the length to the hypural joint; head 3 in the same. Orbit
(not eye) 3:1 in the head ; interorbital width 5:2, snont 1°6 in the orbit.
Depth of caudal peduncle 2°5 in the head.

Head apparently naked, showing no mucous system, and only the
usual preopercular, nuchal, occipital and rostral pores. Kye of moderate
size, the orbit cutting the profile; interorbital space very narrow, less
than one-fifth the width of the orbit. Snout shorter than the orbit, its
profile very oblique. Anterior nostril with dermal margins, the posterior
a large open pore. Maxillary slender, produced backward towards the
preopercular angle; mandible projecting beyond the premaxillaries.
Teeth in a villiform band in each jaw, premaxillaries with an outer
row of enlarged, cardiform, curved, movable teeth; mandibular teeth
ending on each side in two or three small, fixed canines: palate and
tongue toothless. ‘Tongue truncate anteriorly.

Body compressed, covered with strongly ctenoid scales of moderate
size, which extend forward to above the pectoral base and on the thorax ;
the area before the dorsal fin and the base of the pectoral are now naked,
but may have been scaly in life. A small genital papilla.

First dorsal originating just behind the pectoral, its spines filamentous;
the first is a little longer than the head, the following shorter and
decreasing backwards. Second dorsal increasing in height backward to
the penultimate ray, which is as long as the head without the operculum.
Anal originating a little behind the second dorsal and terminating in
advance of it; it is of similar form to that fin, and but little lower.
Pectoral without free rays, rounded, and reaching to above the second
anal ray. Ventrals large, inserted a little before the pectorals, and almost
reaching the anal. Caudal apparently rounded.

AUSTRALIAN GOBIIDH—McCULLOCH AND OGILBY. 251

The colour is completely faded in the type. According to Macleay,
it was pale reddish or yellowish brown, with a few indistinct cross-bars of
a deeper brown; fins of a blackish tinge without spots; opercles dotted
with minute spots.

Described and figured from the typical and unique example preserved
in the Macleay Museum, which is 65 mm. long. It is very dilapidated, so
the forms of the caudal and pectoral fins and the extent of the squamation
may not be accurate in our figure. It is apparently a species of Waitea.

Loc.—Port Darwin.

AmpiyGosius, Bleeker.

Amblygobius, Bleeker, Arch. Néerl. Sci. Nat., ix., 1874, p. 322 (Gobius.
sphynx, Cuv. & Val.).

Odontogobius, Bleeker, [bid., p. 323 (Gobius bynoensis, Rich.).

Body of moderate breadth, compressed. Scales rather small, mostly
ctenoid but cycloid anteriorly, covering the breast and base of the pectoral ;
a few imperfect scales on the upper part of the operculum. Head with
fine rows of mucigerous papille. Snout somewhat tumid, jaws subequal.
Mouth moderate, a little oblique; no barbles. An outer row of larger teeth
in each jaw anteriorly, followed by an inner series of smaller ones; large
canines on the sides of the mandible ; palate toothless. Tongue subtrun-
cate anteriorly, its tip free. Gill-openings broad, separated by a wide
isthmus; shoulder-girdle smooth. Pseudobranchiew present; gill-rakers
few, and obsolete on the outer anterior margin of the first arch. Dorsals
almost contiguous, with about vi/15 rays; anal opposite and of similar
form to the second dorsal, with about 15 rays. Ventrals large, united,
with i/5 rays. Caudal rounded.

a. Ventrals not reaching the vent in adults. Caudal fin plain; cross-bands of body
TU AEHNEG sr. 5h Gea coe nade sete tees Soll oata tes ses Hotels ssisiewiaise visetae sia Sains selce aes oriclaaes bynoensis.

aa. Ventrals reaching to or beyond the vent in adults. Caudal fin with one or more
dark spots ; cross-bands of body well defined...................ccceeeseeeecee ees phalaena.

AMBLYGOBIUS BYNOENSIS, Richardson.
(Plate xxxv., fig. 2.)

Gobius bynoensis, Richardson, Ichth. “ Ereb. & Terr.,” 1844, p. 1, pl. i.
figs. 1-2. Id., Giinther, Brit. Mus. Cat. Fish., iii., 1861, p. 70. Id.,
Steindachner, Sitzb. Akad. Wiss. Wien., lvi. i., 1867, p. 314. Id.,
Gunther, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (3), xx., 1867, p. 61. Id., Peters,
Monatsbr. Akad. Wiss. Berlin, 1868, p. 266. Id., Day, Fish. India,
1876, p. 284, pl. Ixi., fig. 3. Id., Klunzinger, Sitzb. Akad. Wiss.
Wien, lxxx. 1., 1879, p. 382. Jd., Gunther, “Challenger” Rept.,
Zool., i., 1880, p. 44. Id., Macleay, Proc. Linn, Soc. N.S.Wales, v.,
1881, p. 607. Id., Weber, Zool. Forschr. Austr., v., 1895, p. 269.

Gobius stethophthalmus, Bleeker, Nat. Tijdschr. Ned. Ind., i., 1851, p. 249,
fig. 17.

252 RECORDS OF THE AUSTRALIAN MUSEUM.

Odontogobius bynoensis, Bleeker, Arch. Néerl. Sci. Nat., ix., 1874 (fide Day).

Apocryptes lineatus, Alleyne & Macleay, Proc. Linn. Soc. N.S.Wales, i.,
1877, p. 332, pl. xii., fig. 3. Id., Macleay, Loc. cit., v., 1881, p. 611.

Apocryptes bivittatus, Macleay, Loc. cit., ii., 1878, p. 357, pl. ix., fig. 5, and
v., 1881, p. 611.

Amblygobius bynoensis, Jordan & Richardson, Check List Fish. Philippine
Arch., 1910, p. 49. Id., Weber, ‘ Siboga”’ Exped., lvii., 1913, p. 472.

D. vi/15; A. 16; P.18; V.i/5; C. 15. 64 scales between the upper
base of the pectoral and the hypural joint, and about 26 between the
anterior dorsal and anal rays.

Depth 4°5 in the length to the hypural joint ; head 3:7 in the same.
Kye 43 in the head, 1:3 in the snout, which is 3-2 in the head ; interorbital
space 1:2 in the eye. Depth of caudal peduncle 1-9, and caudal fin 1-1 in
the head. Breadth at the bases of the pectorals 1-3 in the depth of the
body.

Head almost naked, a few rudimentary scales on the upper portion of
the operculum. A few low ridges of mucigerous papille; rows of large
open pores behind the preoperculum and above the operculum. Eyes of
moderate size, separated by a rather broad, slightly convex interorbital
space. Upper profile of the head and snout forming a convex curve.
Anterior nostril in a short tube near the middle of the snout, the posterior
a simple opening nearer the eye. Mouth a little oblique, maxilla reaching
back to below the anterior margin of the eye; jaws subequal. Premaxil-
laries with several larger curved teeth on each side anteriorly, followed by
a row of small ones which increase in size and become biserial backwards.
Mandible with an outer row of larger curved teeth, and one or two curved
canines on each side; behind these is a double row of small teeth which
become uniserial on the sides. Palate toothless. Tongue subtruncate
anteriorly, its tip free. Gill-openings separated by a wide interspace ;
exposed edge of the shoulder-girdle smooth.

Body rather broad, compressed. It is covered with rather small
scales which extend forward to behind the eyes, and cover the breast and
base of the pectoral; they are mostly ctenoid, but are cycloid anteriorly
and on the abdomen. A minute genital papilla.

First dorsal fin commencing behind the vertical of the pectoral base ;
the spines increase in length to the fifth, and the membrane from the last
touches the base of the first ray. Dorsal rays subequal in length, the
posterior ones forming a pointed lobe which overlaps the caudal base.
Anal of similar form to the second dorsal, the rays increasing slightly in
length backwards. Pectoral rounded, reaching the vertical of the first
dorsal ray. Ventrals inserted slightly before the pectorals, completely
united, and reaching three-fourths of their distance from the vent. Caudal
broadly rounded.

Colour-marking.—A broad dark band commences on the snout, and
extends backward to below the anterior dorsal rays; a second extends
from behind the mouth across the opercles to the pectoral base, and is

AUSTRALIAN GOBIIDE—McCULLOCH AND OGILBY. 253

lost behind that fin. About seven cross-bands descend from the back
below the dorsal fins, the anterior ones being narrower and connecting
with the longitudinal band. A large dark spot at the base of the tail.
Upper surface of the head and neck with paired rows of large dark-edged
ocelli, and there are some light lines bordering the darker bands on the
head. Upper anterior portion of the body with some silvery dots between
the dark bands. First dorsal with a large dark blotch on the basal por-
tions of the third to the fifth dorsal spines, and another on the sixth ; the
fin has a broad dark margin, and there are some cloudy markings on the
membrane. Soft dorsal with four large dark blotches corresponding to
the body-bars, and a broad grey margin, between which are several rows
of cloudy spots between the rays. Anal with a broad grey margin, the
other fins plain.

Described and figured from a beautifully preserved specimen, 92 mm.
long, from Queensland. Some details of the colour-marking are supple-
mented with notes from other specimens. The markings are apparently
subject to some little variation, and but few examples exhibit all those
illustrated.

Synonymy.—The cotypes of Apocryptes lineatus, Alleyne & Macleay,
are quite similar in all details to the specimen described above. The co-
types of A. bivittatus, Macleay, are largely bleached, but retain traces of
the characteristic markings of 4. bynoensis, with which they are evidently
identical.

Locs.—Queensland ; figured specimen. Palm Islands, Queensland.
Cape Grenville, Queensland ; cotypes of A. lineatus. Thursday Island,
Torres Strait; coll. A. R. McCulloch. Port Darwin, Northern Territory ;
cotypes of A. bivittatus. Malay Archipelago ; Dr. Day’s collection.

AMBLYGOBIUS PHALAENA, Cuvier §° Valenciennes.
(Plate xxxv., fig. 1.)

Gobius phalaena, Cuvier & Valenciennes, Hist. Nat. Poiss., xii., 1837, p.
92. Id., Ginther, Brit. Mus. Cat. Fish., iii., 1861, p. 67, and Fische
Stidsee, vi., 1877, p. 178, pl. cxi., fig. c.

Amblygobius phalaena, Jordan & Seale, Bull. U.S. Fish. Bureau, xxv., 1906,
p- 405. Id., McCulloch, Proc. Linn. Soc. N.S.Wales, xxxvi., 1911,
p- 347. Id., Ogilby, Mem. Qld. Mus., ii., 1913, p. 90. Id., Weber,
“ Siboga”’ Exped., lvii., 1913, p. 472. Id., Regan, Proc. Zool. Soc.,
1914, p. 650.

Gobius annulatus, De Vis, Proc. Linn. Soc. N.S.Wales, ix., 1884, p. 688.

D. vi/15; A. 15; P.19; V.i/5; C.15. 56 rows of scales between
the upper base of the pectoral and the hypural joint, and about 22 between
the anterior dorsal and anal rays.

Depth 3:7 in the length to the hypural joint; head 3-5 in the same.
Kye equal to the length of the snout, and 3:4 in the head; interorbital
width 1:6 in the eye. Depth of the caudal peduncle 1-8, and caudal fin 1
in the head. Breadth at the bases of the pectorals 1:6 in the depth of the
body.

254 RECORDS OF THE AUSTRALIAN MUSEUM.

Head largely naked, a few small scales on the upper part of the
operculum. Some fine rows of mucigerous papille are present on the
cheeks, opercles, nape and sides of the neck, which are most striking
below the eye. Some large open pores on the interorbital space, behind
the eye and the preopercular border, and above the operculum. Eyes
separated by a rather broad and almost flat interorbital space. Anterior
nostril in a short tube, the posterior a simple opening. Upper profile of
the head and snout forming a convex curve. Mouth a little oblique, the
maxilla reaching to below the anterior portion of the eye ; jaws subequal.
Premaxillaries with an outer row of several enlarged teeth on each side,
followed by an inner row of small ones, which increase in size and become
biserial backwards. Mandible with an outer row of curved teeth anteriorly
and a large curved canine on each side. Palate toothless. Tongue sub-
truncate anteriorly, its tip free. Gull-openings separated by a wide
interspace ; exposed edge of the shoulder-girdle smooth.

Body rather broad, compressed. It is covered with small scales
which extend forward to behind the eyes, and cover the breast and base
of the pectoral fin; they are mostly ctenoid, but are cycloid anteriorly
and on the abdomen. A minute genital papilla.

First dorsal commencing behind the vertical of the pectoral base ;
the spines increase in length to the fourth, which is filamentous, and the
membrane from the last almost reaches the base of the first ray. Dorsal
rays subequal in length, the posterior ones forming a pointed lobe, which
overlaps the base of the caudal. Anal of similar form to the soft dorsal,
the rays increasing slightly in length backwards. Pectoral narrowly
rounded, reaching the vertical of the anterior anal rays. Ventrals large,
almost reaching the anal fin. Caudal broadly rounded.

Colour-marking.—Brown in alcohol, with five broad cross-bands ; these
are dark brown with blackish edges, and have narrow light stripes border-
ing them on each side on the lower portion, of the body. Elongate dark-
edged spots are present on the cheeks and opercles, and a paired series of
them extends from the snout to the dorsal fin. A blackish spot is present
on thie shoulder, and two dark stripes extend backward on the upper
anterior portion of the body. A large blackish blotch is present on the
fifth to sixth dorsal spines, and narrow dark lines extend obliquely across
the fin. Basal two-thirds of the second dorsal dark brown, and separated
from a dark-edged marginal band by a light interspace. Anal dusky,
nearly uniform, Ventrals with a narrow dark border. Pectorals and
caudal pale yellow, the latter with a large blackish spot near the upper
portion of its base, and a dark-edged light band near the upper margin.

Described and figured from a specimen 77 mm. long, from Murray
Island.

Variation —Six other examples, 26-110 mm. long, taken with the
specimen described, exhibit striking changes in their colour-marking with
growth. The younger examples are light with the cross-bands represented
principally by narrow dark lines on the upper portion of the body; there
are four interrupted dark longitudinal stripes on each side, and rounded
light spots between the cross-bands ; the soft dorsal has three dark spots

AUSTRALIAN GOBIIDH—McCULLOCH AND OGILBY. 255

on its basal portion, and there is no marginal band. A specimen 86 mm.
long is very similar to the one illustrated, but the dark margins of the
cross-bands have disappeared ; the caudal has three dark spots, and the
soft dorsal has a dark median stripe above which are numerous rounded
light spots in addition to the markings illustrated; the anal has a dark
longitudinal stripe with light spots on each side of it, and a grey border.
The largest example is very dark brown, which colour obscures most of
the other marking; the pectoral and caudal are light, but the latter has a
broad brown margin, and an inner dusky area with light spots.

A second series of nine specimens from the New Hebrides, 33-115
mm, long, exhibits a precisely similar range of variation.

Synonymy.—The typical examples of G. annulatus, De Vis, agree in
all details with those described above.

Locs—Murray Island, Torres Strait; coll. Hedley & McCulloch.
Darnley Island, Torres Strait; coll. Dr. J. R. Tosh. Cape York, Queens-
land ; cotypes of G. annulatus. Two Isles, off Cape Bedford, Queensland ;
coll. Hedley & Briggs. Masthead Island, off Port Curtis, Queensland ;
coll. D. B. Fry. New Hebrides; coll. Cummins & Stevens.

This species has further been recorded from Monte Bello Islands,
Western Australia, by Regan.

(GoBIUS) MICROLEPIDOTUS, Castelnau.

Gobius microlepidotus, Castelnau, Res. Fish. Austr. (Vict. Offic. Rec.
Philad. Exhib.), 1875, p. 20.

The very brief description of this species suggests that it is an
Amblygobius, and is perhaps identical with G. bynoensis.
Loc.—Cape York (Castelnau).

Genus Cryprocentrus (Hhrenberg), Cuvier § Valenciennes.
CrYPToceNntRUS GOBIOIDES, Ogilby.
(Plate xxxvi., fig. 1.)
Gobius cristatus, Macleay, Proc. Linn. Soc. N.S.Wales, v., 1881, p. 610

(not of Day).
fobius -gobioides, Ogilby, Cat. Fish. N.S.Wales, 1886, p. 35; substitute
name. Id., Waite, Mem. N.S.Wales Nat. Club, ii., 1904, p. 46.
Amblygobius gobioides, Ogilby, Proc. Roy. Soc. Qld., xxiii., 1910, p. 25.

vile: A. 12s PGs Ve sag, OC. Vo, Scales very small, about 90
between the axil and the hypural joint.

Depth of the body before the ventrals 5:6 in the length to the hypural
joint; head 3-8 in the same. Lye 6 in the head, shorter than the snout,
which is 4°8 in the head; interocular space 1:5 in the eye. Depth of
caudal peduncle 2-4 in the head. Breadth at the pectoral bases 1:3 in
the depth. :

256 RECORDS OF THE AUSTRALIAN MUSEUM.

Head snbcylindrical, entirely naked. A low cutaneous crest extends
from between the posterior portions of the eyes almost to the base of the
first dorsal spine. Rows of microscopic mucigerous papille are present
on the snout, around the mouth, across the cheeks and opercles, and on
the shoulders. Open pores are present on the interorbital space, above
the posterior nostril, around the eye and preoperculum, and above the
operculum; these are arranged as shown in the accompanying illustra-
tion. Kye of moderate size, superolateral, and broader than the interor-
bital space, which is flat. Snout obtuse, rounded, a little longer than the
eye. Anterior nostril in a short tube overhanging the lip, the posterior
a simple opening near the eye. Mouth very oblique, the maxilla extend-
ing backward to below the middle of the eye; mandible projecting slightly
beyond the upper jaw, the chin rounded, without barbles. Premaxillaries
with an outer series of large conical teeth, which decrease in size
backwards, and an inner band of villiform teeth, which is broadest
anteriorly, and becomes narrower backwards; mandible with a strong
curved canine at each angle, between which are some enlarged teeth ; an
inner band of villiform teeth as in the premaxillaries. Tongue free,
thick, and rounded anteriorly. Gill-openings lateral, much wider than
the isthmus. Exposed edge of the shoulder-girdle smooth, without papillee ;
a pit at its lower angle.

Body compressed, and covered with minute concentrically striated
eycloid scales, which are very irregularly arranged ; they become ctenoid
and increase slightly in size backwards ; they extend forward only as far
as the shoulder, and leave the breast and the base of the pectoral naked.
Vertical series of minute mucigerous pores along the middle of the body
represent the lateral line. Genital papilla well developed.

First dorsal originating over the anterior third of the pectorals; the
spines are filamentous, and increase in length to the third, which extends
backward to the base of the fourth ray when adpressed; the sixth is
separated from the others by a wider interspace, and its membrane
reaches the base of the first ray. Rays of the second dorsal subequal in
height, the hinder ones overlapping the base of the caudal; the margin
of the fin is straight. Anal similar to,the second dorsal, its rays increasing
slightly in length backwards. Pectorals obtusely pointed, the median
rays longest, and reaching beyond the vertical of the sixth dorsal spine ;
no free upper rays. Ventrals inserted before the pectorals, with a deep
basal membrane, and reaching nearly two-thirds of their distance from
the vent. Candal obtusely pointed.

Colowr-marking.—Brown in alcohol, the head and body closely spotted
with darker spots, which become linear on the lower portion of the
body. Anterior dorsal spines with blackish annuli, their produced portions
white; a large dark blotch on the membrane between the third and
fifth spines, and some ocelli on the basal half. Second dorsal dusky, with
about three irregular rows of dark light-edged ocelli. Anal with dusky
streaks between the rays, which are lighter. Caudal and ventral some-
what similar to the anal. Pectoral lighter, with about five transverse
lines of dots across the rays.

Described and figured from one of the cotypes, 90 mm. long. Nine
other cotypes, 63-92 mm. long, exhibit but little variation.

AUSTRALIAN GOBIIDH—McCULLOCH AND OGILBY. 257

Habits.—An account of the interesting habits of this species is given
by one of us in the Proceedings of the Royal Society of Queensland, xxiii.,
p. 26.

Locs.—Port Jackson ; Macleay Museum, cotypes of G. cristatus, Mac-
leay. Fourteen other specimens, 47-108 mm. long are in the Australian
Museum from Port Jackson, Port Hunter, Port Macquarie, and the Rich-
mond River estuary, New South Wales; Caloundra, Queensland.

Genus Oxyurrcutuys, Bleeker.
Oxyurichthys (Bleeker), Weber, “ Siboga”’ Exped., lvii., 1913, p. 475.

Gewovorpial tentacle or nuchal crest. .:.2.2....2-vs.css seonaee seen seco hecteacst eet papuensis.
daweaAtnorbital centpacle and. aynuchal) Crestecscas-eee ee cetera ee cornutus.

OXYURICHTHYS PAPUENSIS, Cuvier §° Valenciennes.

Gobius papuensis, Cuvier & Valenciennes, Hist. Nat. Poiss., xii., 1837, p.
106. Id., Giinther, Brit. Mus. Cat. Fish., iii., 1861, p. 49.

This species has been recorded from Australia by Giinther.

OxyuRIcHTHYS CorNUTUS, McCulloch §° Waite.

Oxyurichthys cornutus, McCulloch & Waite, Rec. 8.Austr. Mus., i. 1, 1918,
p. 80, pl. viii., fig. 2.

Loe.—Cairns, Queensland.

(GoBIUS) EREMIUS, Zietz.

Gobius eremius, Zietz, Rept. Horn. Exped., ii., 1896, p. 180, pl. xvi., fig. 5.
Id., McCulloch, Ree. Austr. Mus., xi. 7, 1917, p. 183, pl. xxxi., fig. 1.

Hub.—Fresh water, Central Australia.

Subfamily HExeorrriae.

Base of the pectoral fin not unusually muscular or mobile. Eyes not
erectile. Ventral fins separate.

Provisional key to the Australian genera known to the authors.

a. Ventral rays i/4.
b. Body elongate, scales minute; dorsal rays about vi/29..................... Ptereleotris.
bb. Body short, scales large; dorsal rays about vi/9-10................:ccceeceeeeeees Eviota.
aa. Ventral rays 1/5.
c. Scales small, more than 50 in a longitudinal row.
Gem otdes on head NAKGd... secctaantectasredescaasass3eo0 n= Jasvosienehigeoe slack mae Valenciennea.
dd. Sides of head scaly.
e. Preoperculum without a spine at the angle.
f. Body scales cycloid ; jaws with large canines.................... 0:10 Odonteleotris.

. 258 RECORDS OF THE AUSTRALIAN MUSEUM.

ff. Body scales ctenoid; jaws without camines............-.ceeeeeeeeeeeeraee Oxyeleotris.
ee. Preoperculum with a spine at the angle.............c0cseseccssecererenceesserees Eleotris.
cc. Scales larger, less than 50 in a longitudinal row.
g. Top of head with bony crests. 10. .:30.idseistxnstvngunpencesnpsuacen ddpyaweneias=aahe ip Butis.
gg. Top of head without bony crests.
h. Preoperculum with 2-3 strong SpineS................sceceeeeecessesseeserene Asterropteriz.
hh Preoperculum unarmed.
4. Cheeks and opercles ‘naked. 7.00 s-c,5. capens-deaarasecdes cur ceantsevecceeenees Philypnodon.
ii. Opercles scaly, cheeks more or less scaly.
j. Interorbital space scaly.
k. Snout broad, flat and depressed ; scales on upper surface of head enlarged ;

first dorsal nsually “with 6 epines.....25. 1. .<.sn-ccinkasaceeasenueamane chase Ophiocara.
kk. Snout narrower, more convex; scales on upper surface of head not enlarged ;
frat: dormal with 7-0 REGS, o.. <ccc.. sen 700 tanner ieee eoncranc uss omen nnaarae Mogurnda.

jj. Interorbital space naked.
l. Scales smaller, 37-40; body moderately elongate.................. Gobiomorphus.
W. Scales larger, 27-85; body deeper: 2.5 ii viciid .cedcchaeeddsnceecvul oadesans Carassiops.

Genus Prereteorris, Gill.

Ptereleotris, Gill, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philad., 1863, p- 270 (Bleotris
microlepis, Bleeker). Id., Bleeker, Arch. Néerl., ix., 1874, p. 307.

Body elongate, compressed, covered with minute cycloid scales, which
are separate anteriorly ; no lateral line. Head naked, short. Eye of
moderate size. Mouth moderate, very oblique, the lower jaw projecting ;
chin without barbles. Teeth in several rows in each jaw, with large
canines ; palate toothless. ‘Tongue styliform. Gill-openings wide, isthmus
narrow, shoulder-girdle smooth. Pseudobranchie present; gill-rakers
long, slender, and numerous. Six dorsal spines and about 29 rays; anal
opposite the dorsal, with about 27 rays. Ventrals i/4. Some of the
caudal rays produced. Vertebre about 26.

PYTERELEOTRIS MICROLEPIS, Bleeker.
(Plate xxxvii., fig. 1.)

Lleotris microlepis, Bleeker, Nat. Tijdschr. Ned. Indie, xi., 1856, p. 102.
Id., Giinther, Cat. Fish, Brit. Mus., iii., 1861, p. 132. Id., Giinther
& Playfair, Fish. Zanzibar, 1866, p. 75, pl. ix., fig. 5.
Lleotriodes microlepis, Bleeker, Nat. Tijdschr. Ned. Indie, xvi., 1858, p. 212.
Ptereleotris microlepis, Bleeker, Versl. Akad. Amsterdam (2), xi., 1877,
p. 103.
Eleotris elongata, Alleyne and Macleay, Proc. Linn. Soc. N.S.Wales, i.,
1877, p. 335, pl. xiii., fig. 1.
D. vi/29; A. 27; P. 22; V. i/4; C. 15. Scales minute. Four
branchiostegals. Vertebrae 26, including the hypural.
Depth 7°8 in the length to the hypural; head 5:2 in the same. Eye
slightly longer than the snout, 3°7 in the head. Bony interorbital width
1:3 in the eye. Snont 42, depth of caudal-peduncle 2 in the head.

AUSTRALIAN GOBIIDE—McCULLOCH AND OGILBY. 259

Head naked, with preopercular, nuchal, occipital and rostral pores.
Hye large, lateral, its margin close to the upper profile of the head.
Interocular space rather flat, its width equal to the diameter of the eye.
Snout shorter than the eye; nostrils without tubes, on its superolateral
angle, the posterior near the orbital margin. Mouth protractile, the cleft
very oblique; maxillary pointed posteriorly, and reaching to below the
anterior orbital margin. Mandible projecting well beyond the upper jaw ;
chin without barbles. Teeth in the upper jaw in two series; the outer
consists of large, spaced, fang-like canines, the inner of a narrow band of
minute teeth. Lower jaw with an inner row of three or four canines on
each side, and a group of strong teeth on both sides of the symphysis;
between these are some smaller teeth, and a row of small teeth is present
on the posterior portion of each side. Palate toothless. Tongue long,
styliform, and partly free. Gill-openings wide, the membranes separated
on the isthmus by a space which is less than half as wide as the eye.
Shoulder-girdle smooth. Pseudobranchie present. Gill-rakers on the
first arch long, slender, close-set and numerous.

Body covered with minute cycloid scales, which are irregularly
arranged, and separate anteriorly but close together posteriorly; they
extend forward to above the end of the operculum, and onto the pectoral
base and the thorax, leaving the nape naked ; posteriorly they cover the
caudal base. A minute genital papilla.

First dorsal originating a little in advance of the middle of the
pectorals ; the spines increase in length to the fifth, which is as long as
the head without the operculum, the last spine widely separated from
the fifth. Second dorsal elevated, the rays weakly divided ; they increase
in height to about the eighth, which is four-fifths the length of the head,
and thence decrease backwards. Anal commencing well behind the second
dorsal, but coterminal with it; the two fins are of similar form. Caudal
emarginate, the upper and lower rays produced. Ventrals juxtaposed
basally but separate, with a flexible slender spine and four articulated
rays the inner of which is the longer and filiform. Pectorals rounded, the
median rays longest and reaching to about the vertical of the fifth dorsal
spine. ree

Colour-marking.—The only marking remaining is a small, oblique,
brown bar on the base of the pectoral fin, the rest of the body and fins
being pellucid.

Described and figured from the holotype of Hleotris elongata, 93 mm.
long, which is in a poof state of preservation. It is clearly the example
originally described by Macleay, not only because it is so labelled, but it
is the only specimen in his collection having any resemblance to his
description and figure; the colour-marking of the pectoral fin also agrees
with the latter. It proves his description to be incorrect in the number
of dorsal and anal rays, and in the form of the caudal fin, while his figure
is inaccurate in most details.

Synonymy.—Eleotris elongata is evidently synonymous with Ptereleotris
microlepis. Macleay’s specimen agrees with Bleeker’s description of that
species in most details, differing only in having somewhat higher dorsal

260 RECORDS OF THE AUSTRALIAN MUSEUM.

and anal fins, and in having four instead of five ventral rays; the first
character is probably variable, while it seems not unlikely that the number
of ventral rays was incorrectly counted by Bleeker.

Loc.—Darnley Island, Torres Strait. Perhaps a pelagic form.

Genus Eviora, Jenkins.

Lviota, Jenkins, Bull. U.S. Fish. Comm., xxii., 1903, p. 501 (E. epiphanes,
Jenkins).

Allogobius, Waite, Rec, Austr. Mus., v. 3, 1904, p. 176 (A. viridis, Waite).

Kviora viripis, Waite

Allogobius viridis, Waite, Rec. Austr. Mus., v. 3, 1904, p. 177, pl. xxiii.,
fig. 3.

Eviota zonura, Jordan & Seale, Bull. U.S. Fish. Bureau, xxv., 1906, p.
386, fig. 75.

Eviota viridis, McCulloch, Rec. Austr. Mus., ix. 3, 1913, p. 386.

Loc.—Qnueensland coast between Port Curtis and Torres Strait
(McCulloch).

Genus VALENCIENNEA, Bleeker.

Valenciennea, Bleeker, Nat. Tijd. Ned. Ind., xi., 1856, p. 412 (Hleotris
strigata, Broussonet). Id., Jordan & Snyder, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus.,
xxiv., 1901, p. 42.

Calleleotris, Gill, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philad., 1863, p. 270 (2B. strigata,

Broussonet).

Valenciennesia, Bleeker, Versl. Akad. Amsterdam (2), viii., 1874, p. 372
—emended spelling.

Gobiomorus, Gill, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus., xi., 1888, p. 69 (G. taiboa, Lacep.).
Not Gobiomorus, Lacepéde.

Body moderately elongate, a little compressed, covered with small,
ctenoid scales. Head naked, opercles unarmed; jaws subequal, with
strong, spaced teeth, which are uniserial or biserial anteriorly in the lower
jaw, but uniserial elsewhere ; a curved canine on each side of the mandible ;
palate toothless. Isthmus broad. Ventral fins separate, with one spine
and five rays. Dorsal fins with six spines and thirteen to nineteen rays,
anal similar to the second dorsal.

Nomenclature.—Gill (Loc. cit.) considered Lacepéde’s name Gobio-
morus'® should be used for this genus, but Jordan’, as the first revisor,
applied it to Philypnus, and we consider he should be followed.

18 Gobiomorus, Laceptde—Hist. Nat. Poiss., ii., 1800, p. 583.
19 Jordan—Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus., v., 1883, p. 571.

— ia ll iy lie A

AUSTRALIAN GOBIIDA—McCULLOCH AND OGILBY. 261

Key to the species examined.—

a. D. vi/19. Body without marking; a single dark-blue stripe crossing the upper
pocuon of the cheek and) opercullumacscectceee-speessece nes sereaoee hoon ter aaes rere strigata.

aa. D. vi/13. Body ornate.
b. Third dorsal spine distinctly longer than the others. Cross-bands and ocelli
indefinite or wanting.
c. Cheek and operculum with about nine large ocelli.................. cece eee violifera.
ec. Cheek and operculum banded, without spots...............:ceeccsceeceeceeceenes muralis.

bb. Third dorsal spine not, or scarcely longer than the others. Five cross-bands on
the trunk, forming distinct, large ocelli on the sides....................55 longipinnis.

Of these species, only V. muralis and V. longipinnis have been recorded
from Australia. Three specimens of V. strigata, Broussonet, are in the
Australian Museum from the New Hebrides, and twenty-three of V.
violifera, Jordan & Seale, from Samoa, New Hebrides, Bougainville Island,
and Duke of York Island.

VALENCIENNEA MURALIS, Cuvier §' Valenciennes.
(Plate xxxvii. ; fig. 4).

Eleotris muralis, Cuvier & Valenciennes, Hist. Nat. Poiss., xii., 1837,
p. 2538, pl. ecelvii. IJd., Giinther, Brit. Mus. Cat. Fish., 111., 1861, p.
130, and Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (3), xx., 1867, p. 62. Id., Day,
Fish. India, 1876, p. 310, pl. lxix, fig. 1. Jd., Klunzinger, Sitzb.
Akad. Wiss. Wien, Ixxx. i., 1879, p. 386. Id., Macleay, Proc. Linn.
Soc. N.S.Wales, v., 1881, p. 624.

Vulenciennea muralis, Jordan & Snyder, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus., xxiv., 1901,
p- 42. '

Eleotriodes muralis, Bleeker, Nat. Tijd. Ned. Ind., xv., 1858, p. 201.

Eleotris trabeatus, Richardson, Icones Piscium, 1843, p. 5, pl. u. Id.,
Giinther, Brit. Mus. Cat. Fish., iii., 1861, p. 105, f. n.

Eleotris lineata, Alleyne & Macleay, Proc. Linn. Soc. N.S.Wales, i., 1877,
p. 334 (perhaps not HF. lineuta, Castelnan).

Valenciennea aruensis, Ogilby, Proc. Roy. Soc. Qld., xxiii., 1910, p. 21.

D. vi/13; A.13; P. 20; V.i/5; C.13. About 90 series of scales
from above the base of the pectoral to the hypural joint; about 32
between the anterior dorsal and anal rays.

Depth 6 in the length to the hypural joint; head 3:5 in the same.
Hye 5:5 in the head, and 2 in the snout, which is 3 in the head, and equal
to the depth of the caudal peduncle. Interocular space slightly narrower
than the eye.

Head naked, with the usual preopercular, nuchal, occipital, and
‘rostral pores; cheeks and opercles without mucigerous systems. Hye
rather small, cutting the dorsal profile, and separated by a flat interocular
space; bony interorbital about half as wide as the eye. Snout much
longer than the eye, a little convex. Mouth oblique, maxillary reaching
to below the anterior orbital margin. Lower jaw closing within the upper.
Premaxillary teeth in a single series, largest anteriorly and slender, curved
and spaced ; they form two rows on the anterior part of the mandible, but

262 RECORDS OF THE AUSTRALIAN MUSEUM.

are uniserial and smaller laterally, and there is a canine on each side.
Palate toothless. Tongue rounded anteriorly. Gill-opening much wider
than the base of the pectoral, separated by a broad isthmus. Shoulder-
girdle smooth.

Body compressed, the breadth between the pectorals 1-1 in the depth.
It is covered with small ctenoid scales, which extend forward to above
the end of the operculum and to behind the ventrals, leaving the nape,
thorax, and pectoral bases naked. Genital papilla minute.

First dorsal commencing behind the vertical of the pectorals; the
third ray projects beyond the others, and is as long as the head without the
operculum. The dorsal rays are subequal in height, the last slightly
longer than the others, and reaching to the hypural joint. Anal of similar
form to the second dorsal, originating behind its second ray, and termin-
ating in advance of its last. Pectoral rounded, the median rays longest,
not quite reaching the vertical of the anterior dorsal ray. Ventrals
inserted in advance of the pectorals, their third rays longest, reaching a
little more than half their distance from the anterior anal ray. Candal
pointed, the median rays 0-1 longer than the head.

Colour.—Body generally light coloured, with four longitudinal stripes
and some very indefinite cross-bands ; the first stripe commences on the nape
behind the eyes, and extends along the back to the last dorsal ray; the
second begins on the snout, and passing through the eye, is lost below the
posterior dorsal rays; the third commences behind the upper lip and
extends to the caudal, and the fourth runs from behind the pectoral to the
caudal base. Snout and interorbital space with spots and bars. Cheek
and operculum with three horizontal, dark-edged stripes, two of which
extend onto the pectoral base; no spots or occelli. First dorsal fin with
about seven undulous, dark-edged stripes and a large black spot behind
the third spine. Second dorsal with some indefinite stripes anteriorly.
Caudal with a broad greyish margin, and an oblique, dark-edged stripé
near the upper and lower bases.

Described from a specimen 109 mm. long, from Dunk Island, North-
east Queensland, and collected by Mr. E.J. Banfield. Six others examined
have the same colour-marking, except that they lack all traces of cross-bars
on the body.

Synonymy.—Eleotris trabeatus, described by Richardson from a draw-
ing of a fish from Depuch Island, North-western Australia, is probably
synonymous with V. muralis; the size of its scales, and the squamation
of the head as shown in the figure, are doubtless errors of the amateur
artist. The specimen identified by Alleyne and Macleay from Darnley
Island as W. lineata, Castelnau, is certainly V. muralis, as are Macleay’s
L. muralis from the Endeavour River. Three paratypes of V. uruensis
only differ from the specimen described above in having the cross-bars
better defined ; they appear to represent a variety of V. muralis.

Locs.—Dunk Island, North-eastern Queensland ; Austr. Mus. Darnley
Island, “Torres Strait, and Endeavour River, North-east Queensland ;
Macleay Mus. Arn Islands; Qld. and Austr. Mus. Giinther has recorded
V. muralis from Cape York, and Klunzinger had specimens from Port
Darwin, while Hleotris trabeatus came from North-western Australia.

Hab.—Indian Seas to North Australia, Japan, and the western Pacific.

AUSTRALIAN GOBIIDH—-McCULLOCH AND OGILBY. 263

VALENCIENNEA LONGIPINNIS, Bennett.

Eleotris longipinnis, Bennett, Voy. ‘ Blossom”, Zool., 1839, p. 64, pl. xx.,
fig. 3. Id., Giinther, Brit. Mus. Cat. Fish., iii., 1861, p. 105, f. n., and
Fische Siidsee, vi., 1877, p. 190.

Valenciennea longipinnis, Waite, Rec. Austr. Mus., iv., 1902, p. 271, pl.
xliii. Id., Jordan & Seale, Bull. U.S. Fish. Bureau, xxv., 1906, p. 382.

Valenciennesia longipinnis, Bleeker, Versl. Akad. Amsterdam (2), xi., 1877,
p- 93.

Eleotris strigata, Thiollier, Ann. Agric. Soc. Lyon, viii., 1856, p. 188 (not
EH. strigata, Cuv. & Val.—fide Bleeker).

Hleotris ikeineur (Montrouzier), Thiollier, [bid.

Eleotris teniura, Macleay, Proc. Linn. Soc. N.S.Wales, v., 1881, p. 624.

D. vi/13; A. 13; P. 21; V.i/5; C.15. About 112 rows of scales
from above the pectoral base to the hypural joint, and about 40 between
the anterior dorsal and anal rays.

Depth 5-4 in the length to the hypural joint; head 3-6 in the same.
Hye 5:1 in the head, and 1°8 in the snout, which is 2°8 in the head. Inter-
ocular space 1:2 in the eye. Depth of caudal peduncle 2°3, fourth dorsal
spine 1:3 in the head. Median caudal rays 0-7 longer than the head.

Form and structural details almost exactly similar to those of V.
muralis, but the anterior dorsal fin is rounded, the third ray being not
longer than those on either side of it; the median caudal and posterior
dorsal and anal rays are more produced, and the scales appear somewhat
smaller.

Colour.—Pale brown in formaline, becoming white below, with four
narrow longitudinal bands which are similar to, but less distinct than
those of V. muralis. Nape and back with ten dusky cross-bars ; sides
with five bands which terminate in large ocelli on the lower longitudinal
band. Cheek and operculum with three horizontal blue bars with dark
edges, and some large blue spots; snout dusky, with blue bars and spots.
First dorsal with about six oblique, dark-edged stripes, and a dusky spot
behind the fourth spine. Second dorsal with about four rows of blue
ocelli between the rays. Anal witha light, dark-edged band near its base.
Caudal with large, inter-radial ocelli and bars, and broad dusky margins.
Pectorals and ventrals plain (for the colours of a fresh specimen, see
Waite, Loc. cit.).

Described from a specimen 170 mm. long. Four others, 80-160 mm.
long show some variation in the intensity and extent of their colour-
marking, which, however, is similarly arranged in all. They differ from
V. muralis in having the longitudinal bands less distinct, and in the
possession of five well defined cross-bars and ocelli on the sides.

Synonymy.—The holotype of Hleotris teniura, Macleay, 117 mm. long,
is very faded, but clearly shows the characteristic lateral ocelli and blue
bars on the cheeks and opercles. It is certainly identical with the species
described above.

Locs.—Specimens are in the Australian Museum from Green Island,
near Cairns, and Masthead Island, off Port Curtis, Queensland. Macleay’s
specimen was collected at Low Island, near Cooktown.

Hab.—Riu Kiu Islands to the East Indies, Fiji, and Queensland.

264 RECORDS OF THE AUSTRALIAN MUSEUM.

VALENCIENNEA LINBATA, Castelnau.

Eleotris lineatu, Castelnau, Res. Fish. Austr. (Vict. Offic. Rec. Philad.
Exhib.), 1875, p. 24. Id., Macleay, Proc. Linn. Soc. N.S.Wales, v.,
1881, p. 623—part.

Eleotris nigrifilis, Ogilby, Proc. Linn. Soc. N.S.Wales, xxi., 1897, p. 754—
substitute name for J. lineata, considered to be preoccupied by
Dormitator lineata, Gill, 1863.

This species is allied to, and probably identical with either V. muralis
or V. longipinnis. Castelnau counted fourteen dorsal and anal rays, as
against thirteen in those species, but their posterior rays are so deeply
divided that they might each be counted as two. The fourth dorsal spine
being longer than the third suggests the identity of V. lineata with V.
longipinnis, but the colour-marking was apparently more like that of V.
muralis,

Loc.—Cape York (Castelnau).

Genus OponTeLeorris, (ill.

Odonteleotris, Gill, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philad., 1863, p. 270 (Lleotris

macrodon, Bleeker).

Body covered with very small cycloid scales, which extend onto the
head to before the eyes, and cover the cheeks and opercles. Cheeks with
prominent rows of minute mucigerous papille. Snout obtuse, mandible
projecting; mouth oblique, rather large. No barbles; anterior nostril in
a large tube overhanging the lip. A narrow band of villiform teeth in
each jaw, and some enlarged inner ones on the sides; several strong canines
in front of each jaw. Tongue rounded and free anteriorly. Gill-openings
extending a little forward below, but separated by a wide interspace ;
exposed edge of shoulder-girdle smooth, with a free dermal membrane.
Pseudobranchie present; about seven slender gill-rakers on the anterior
margin of the first arch. Dorsal fins short, with about vi/1l rays; anal
similar to the soft dorsal, with about 9 rays. Pectoral without free rays ;
ventrals separate, with i/5 rays. Caudal rounded.

ODONTELEOTRIS MACRODON, Bleeker.

Eleotris macrodon, Bleeker, Verh. Bat. Gen., xxv., 1853, p. 104, pl. ii.,
fig. 1. Jd., Giinther, Brit. Mus. Cat. Fish., iii., 1861, p. 129. Id.,
Day, Fish. India, 1876, p. 311, pl. Ixv., fig. 3. Id., Klunzinger,
Sitzb, Akad. Wiss. Wien, Ixxx. i., 1879, p. 385. Id., Macleay, Proc.
Linn. Soc. N.S.Wales, ix., 1884, p. 34.

Odonteleotris macrodon, Bleeker, Vers]. Akad. Amst. (2), xi., 1877, p. 14.

Loc.—This species has been recognised from Port Darwin by
Klanzinger. An example from Dr. Day’s collection is in the Australian
Museum from Akyab, India.

AUSTRALIAN GOBIIDH—McCULLOCH AND OGILBY. 265

Genus OxyeE.Lnotris, Bleeker.
Oxyeleotris, Bleeker, Arch. Néerl. Sc. Nat., ix., 1874, p. 302.

Bleeker’s papers on this genus being unavailable to us, we follow
Weber in regarding Hleotris immuaculatus, Macleay (=H. lineolatus, Stein-
dachner) as a species of Ovyeleotris. If this be correct, the genus can only
be distinguished from Hleotris by its different physiognomy and in lacking
a preopercular spine.

OXYELEOTRIS LINEOLATUS, Sfetndachner.

Hleotris lineolatus, Steindachner, Sitzb. Akad. Wiss. Wien, lv. i., 1867,
Pp: 16}

? Hleotris planiceps, Macleay, Proc. Linn. Soc. N.S.Wales, vii. i., 1882, p.
69 (not H. planiceps, Castelnau, 1878, nor H. planiceps, Macleay,
1883).

Hleotris immaculatus, Macleay, Proc. Linn. Soc. N.S.Wales, viii. 2, 1883,
p- 268.

? Hleotris selheimi, Macleay, [bid., ix. 1, 1884, p. 33—substitute name for
EH. planiceps, preoccupied.

Hleotris crescens, De Vis, Proc. Roy. Soc. Qld., ii., 1886, p. 33.

Hleotris (Oxyeleotris) heterodon, Weber, Nova Guinea, v. 2, 1908, p. 255,
pl. xii. fig. 7.

D. vi/10; A.9; P.17; V.i/5; C.16. 60 scales between the axil
and the hypural joint, and 20 between the anterior dorsal and anal
rays.

Depth before the ventrals 5:1 in the length from the premaxillary
symphysis to the hypural joint; head, excluding the mandible, 2°8 in the
same. Hye 9 in the head, and 1:9 in its distance from the premaxillary
symphysis; it is 2°3 in the interorbital space, which is 3:8 in the head.
Breadth before the pectoral bases 0-1 greater than the depth; depth of
the caudal peduncle 2°5 in the length of the head. Second and third
dorsal spines subequal, 2°8 in the head; fourth dorsal ray 2:2, seventh
anal ray 2°] in the head.

Head depressed broader than deep. With the exception of the snout
and under surfaces, it is entirely covered with small cycloid scales. The
upper surface of the head, cheeks, opercles, and mandible are traversed
by numerous series of minute mucigerous papille, which are largely
hidden among the scales; there is an open pore above the posterior
nostril, and several others around the preopercular border. Eye supero-
lateral, much shorter than the snout. Interorbital space broad, nearly
flat, and completely covered with minute scales which extend forward to
between the posterior nostrils. Preopercular margin entire, the angle
without a spine. Snout produced, rounded anteriorly, the mandible
projecting far beyond the upper jaw; the posterior processes of the
premaxillaries form a protuberance on the snout, which produces a
characteristic convexity of the profile anteriorly. Anterior nostril in a

266 RECORDS OF THE AUSTRALIAN MUSEUM.

tube overhanging the lip, the posterior a large opening near the upper
margin of the eye with skinny edges. Mouth oblique, the maxilla reaching
backward to below the posterior fourth of the eye. A broad band of
villiform teeth in the premaxillaries, some of which are a little larger
than the others near the symphysis, and an outer row of strong conical,
but small teeth ; mandible with a kand of villiform teeth, the inner row
of which is a little larger than the others, and an outer row of conical
teeth ; posteriorly these give place to an inner row of similar teeth which
increases in size backwards. Tongue broadly spatulate and free anteriorly,
its margin rounded. Gill-openings extending far forward below, the
space separating them being narrower than the eye; exposed edge of the
shoulder girdle quite smooth.

Body broader than deep anteriorly, becoming compressed posteriorly.
It is completely covered with rather small ctenoid scales which are
subequal in size on the sides and tail, but are smaller on the nape, breast,
and pectoral base; they extend onto the bases of the pectoral and caudal
fins between the rays. Genital papilla large.

First dorsal commencing before the middle of the pectoral, its margin
rounded ; the second and third spines are longest, and the sixth is more
widely separated than the others. The second dorsal rays increase slightly
in length to the penultimate, which is a little longer than the highest
spine ; the last is double, and reaches somewhat more than half its distance
from the caudal base. Anal almost opposite the second dorsal, and of
similar form; the rays increase in height to the seventh. Pectoral
rounded, the tenth ray longest but not reaching the vertical of the vent.
Ventrals inserted a little before the pectorals, the fourth rays longest,
and reaching about two-thirds of their distance from the vent. Caudal
rounded.

Colour.—Dark brown after long preservation, without definite
markings.

Described from the holotype of Hleotris immaculatus, 480 mm, long.
It proves its original description to be inaccurate in its proportional

details, particularly as regards the measurements of the eye and the
interorbital space.

Variation—An example 335 mm. long, which is a cotype of L.
ecrescens, De Vis, is quite similar in all its structural details to the
specimen described, differing only in some slight proportional measure-
ments which are coincident with its smaller size. Another specimen
which is only 181 mm. long, is much lighter in colour, being sandy
yellow with grey lines along each row of scales on the back and sides,
while the dorsal and caudal fins are mottled with grey spots; it has the
following proportions :;—Head 2°7 in the length to the hypural joint;
depth before the ventrals 5:6 in the same; breadth before the pectoral
bases 0-1 greater than the depth; depth of the caudal peduncle 3-3 in
the head ; eye 8 in the head, and 1°8 in its distance from the premaxillary
symphysis; it is 19 in the interorbital space, which is 4-1 in the head.

Synonymy.—Steindachner’s description of Z. lineolatus from Rock-
hampton agrees very well with a cotype of HZ. crescens, De Vis, from the

AUSTRALIAN GOBIIDH—-McCULLOCH AND OGILBY. 267

same locality, and the two are apparently synonymous. The example of
E. crescens further agrees in all details with the holotype of H. immaculatus
described above ; its palate is perfectly smooth, there being no indication
of palatine or vomerine teeth as described by De Vis. The type of LH.
planiceps, Macleay (1882), cannot now be found, and appears to have been
lost ; its brief description does not enable us to determine its identity,
but itis very probably synonymous with O. lineolatus. Weber’s description
and figure of his OQ. heterodon agree very well with the holotype of 0.
immaculatus, and we consider his suggestion as to the probable identity
of the two to have been proved correct.

Mr. Robert Archer of Gracemere Station; Rockhampton, informs us
that this fish is never seen in the winter; but in summer it lies close to
the surface and can be easily caught with a landing-net; it is very
sluggish, and he has never known it to take a bait. It is the only fish in
the Mere worth eating, having white firm and flaky flesh which is not at
all muddy in flavour; all the other species occurring in the Mere are
almost uneatable because of their muddy taste.

Locs.—We have examined six specimens from the following Queens-
land localities. Gracemere, and other lagoons near Rockhampton; cotypes
of H. crescens, De Vis. Double Creek, Upper Dawson River; coll. H.
Pearce. Hughenden, Flinders River; coll. F. L. Berney. The holotype
of H. immaculatus was obtained in the Kéremma River, Gulf of Papua.

Genus Eteorris, Bloch § Schneider.

Eleotris, Gronow, Zoophylaceum, 1763, p. 58 (Gobius pisonis, Gmelin)—
Non-binomial. Jd., Bloch & Schneider, Syst. Ichth., 1801, p. 65—
after Gronow.

Culius, Bleeker, Nat Tijd. Ned. Ind., xi., 1856, p. 41 (Poecilia fusca,
Bloch & Schneider).

Body cylindrical anteriorly, compressed posteriorly ; scales small and
mostly ctenoid, but cycloid on the nape, breast and abdomen. Head with
small cycloid scales which extend forward to the posterior nostrils, and
cover the cheeks and opercles ; they are often hidden in mucous in well
preserved specimens and are difficult to detect. Preoperculum with a
spine at the angle. Snout, upper surface of the head, cheeks, opercles,
and mandible with many rows of microscopic mucigerous papille. Snout
obtuse, the mandible projecting; mouth oblique. Hye superolateral, the
interorbital space wide. Nostrils widely separated, the anterior tubular.
No barbles. Hach jaw with a band of villiform teeth, and an outer row
of stronger ones. Tongue free, slightly rounded anteriorly. Gull-openings
continued a little forward below, the isthmus of moderate width ; exposed
edge of the shoulder-girdle smooth. Pseudobranchie present ; anterior
gill-rakers of the first arch few and thick, about eight on the lower limb.
Dorsal fins short, with about vi/9 rays ; anal similar to the soft dorsal.
Caudal and pectorals rounded ; ventrals i/5, widely separated.

This definition is based upon ZL. fusca, Bloch & Schneider.

268 RECORDS OF THE AUSTRALIAN MUSEUM.

Eveorris Fusca, Bloch § Schneider.

Poecilia fusca, Bloch & Schneider, Syst. Ichth., 1801, p. 453.

Cobitis pucifica, Forster, in Bloch & Schneider, Ibid., and Deser. Anim.
(ed. Lichtenstein), 1844, p. 235.

Cheilodipterus culius, Buchanan, Fish. Ganges, 1822, pp. 55, 367, pl. v.,
fig. 16.

Eleotris nigra, Quoy & Gaimard, Voy. “* Uranie”, Zool., 1824, p. 259, pl.
Ix., fig. 2. Id., Cuvier & Valenciennes, Hist. Nat. Poiss., xii., 1837,
p- 233.

Eleotris mauritianus, Bennett, Proc. Comm. Zool. Soce., i., 1831, p. 166.

Hleotris brachyurus, Bleeker, Verh. Batav. Gen., xxii., 1849, Blenn. en
Gob., p. 20.

Hleotris melanurus, Bleeker, [bid., p. 21.

Hleotris pseudacanthopomus, Bleeker, Nat. Tijds. Neder]. Ind., iv., 1853,
p. 276.

Culius niger, Bleeker, Ibid., xi., 1856, p. 411.

Culius pseudacanthopomus, Bleeker, Ibid.

Eleotris incerta, Blyth, Journ. Asiat. Soc. Bengal, 1860, p. 146.

Hleotris fusca, Giinther, Brit. Mus. Cat. Fish., iii., 1861, p. 125, and Ann.
Mag. Nat. Hist. (3), xx., 1867, p. 62. Id., Day, Fish. Malabar, 1865,
p- 115. Id., Kner, Zool. “ Novara,” i., Fisch., pt. 2, 1865, p. 186.
Id., Playfair, Fish. Zanz., 1866, p. 74. Id., Day, Fish. India, 1876,
p. 313, pl. Ixv., fig. 7. Id., Macleay, Proc. Linn. Soc. N.S.Wales, v.,
1881, p. 623. Id., Ogilby, Proc. Linn. Soc. N.S.Wales, xxii., 1898,
p. 791. Id., Jordan & Seale, Bull. U.S. Fish. Bureau, xxv., 1906,
p. 383.

Culius fuscus, Bleeker, Vers]. Akad. Amst., xiv., 1862, p. 111, and Arch.
Néerl. Sci. Nat., ix., 1874, p. 303. Id., Bleeker, Vers]. Akad. Amst.
(2), xi., 1877, p. 40.

Eleotris soaresi, Playfair, Fish. Zanz., 1866, p. 74, pl. ix., fig. 4.

D. vi/9; A.9; P. 18; V. i/5; C. 15. 62 scales between the axil
and the hypural joint, and 19 between the anterior dorsal and anal rays.

Depth before the ventrals 43 in the length from the premaxillary
symphysis to the hypural joint; head, without the mandible or the oper-
cular lobe, 3 in the same. Eye 5:5 in the head, a little shorter than the snout,
and 1°6 in the interocular space; snout 4°8 in the head. The length of
the caudal peduncle is to its depth as 3 is to 2; breadth before the pectoral
bases 1:08 in the depth. Third dorsal spine 2°2, and the penultimate
dorsal and anal rays 1°6 in the head ; pectoral 1:3, and caudal 1:1 in the
head.

Head broader than deep, and covered with thick mucous which
obscures the scales beneath it; these are present on the cheeks and opercles,
and they extend forward to between the eyes on the upper surface of the
head. The upper, lateral, and lower surfaces of the head are covered
with many intersecting lines of microscopic mucigerous papille, which
are most abundant around the eye; no enlarged open pores. Preoperculum
with a stout antrorse spine at its angle. Eye rather small, superolateral ;

AUSTRALIAN GOBILDA—McCULLOCH AND OGILBY. 269

interorbital space broad. Snout broadly rounded, its upper profile with
a projection before the eyes formed by the posterior processes of the
premaxillaries. Nostrils widely separated, the anterior in a low tube
overhanging the upper lip, the posterior before the superoanterior angle
of the eye. Mouth oblique, the maxilla extending to below the posterior
portion of the eye; mandible projecting well beyond the upper jaw.
Hach premaxillary with a band of villiform teeth, the inner rows of which
are slightly larger than the others, and an outer row of stronger conical
teeth ; mandibular teeth similar to those of the premaxillaries anteriorly,
but the outer conical teeth are wanting posteriorly, and the inner teeth
are enlarged. Tongue free anteriorly, its margin rounded, Gill-opening
continued forward to below the preopercular angle, the isthmus much
wider than the eye; exposed edge of the shoulder-girdle smooth, with a
free dermal membrane.

Body robust, compressed, the dorsal contour a little more arched
than the ventral. It is covered with rather small scales, which are mostly
ctenoid and of subequal size; they are smaller and cycloid on the nape,
breast and abdomen, and on the extreme dorsal and ventral surfaces.
Genital papilla large and foliate.

First dorsal originating a little before the middle of the pectoral; it
is rounded and low, the longest spine being shorter than its basal length,
and just reaching the base of the second dorsal when adpressed. Second
dorsal higher than the first, the sixth to eighth rays longest, and the
margin feebly rounded. Anal almost opposite, and of similar form to the
second dorsal. Pectoral rounded, the middle rays almost reaching the
vertical of the anterior dorsal ray. Ventrals inserted below the anterior
portion of the pectoral base, the fourth rays longest and reaching about
three-fourths of their distance from the vent. Caudal rounded.

Colour.—Brown, darker above and lighter below; the sides with
indistinct and interrupted series of dark lines along the rows of scales.
Several indefinite dark lines radiate backward from the eye, and the
upper base of the pectoral bears a dark blotch. First dorsal with a
broad white border, the remainder of both fins dusky and ornamented
with closely set angular brown markings; the rays of all the other fins
are speckled with brown.

Described from a specimen 155 mm. long, from Samoa. It appears
to be similar to many others from New Caledonia and the New Hebrides,
and apparently differs in only trifling details from an Indian example.

Locs—Northern Queensland; old collection, Queensland Museum.
Oubatche, New Caledonia; coll.C. Hedley. Santo, New Hebrides. Samoa;
coll. Professor Jordan, 1902. Calcutta, India; Dr. Day’s collection.

ELEOTRIS OXYCEPHALUS, Temminck S§° Schlegel.
) g

Eleotris oxycephalus, Temminck & Schlegel, Fauna Japonica, Poiss.,
1845, p. 150, pl. Ixxvii., fig. 4-5. Id., Kner, Reise “‘ Novara”, Zool.,
i., Fische, 1865, p. 185.

Kner recorded Hleotris ovycephalus, Schlegel, from Sydney, but the
species certainly does not occur in New South Wales. The localities
recorded for many of the “ Novara” fishes are known to be incorrect.

270 RECORDS OF THE AUSTRALIAN MUSEUM.
The affinities of the following seven species are unknown to ns.

(ELEorrRis) CASTELNAUI, Mucleay.

Eleotris obscurus, Castelnau, Proc. Zool. Soc. Vict., ii., 1873, p. 134 (not of
Schlegel).

Eleotris castelnaui, Macleay, Proc. Linn. Soc. N.S.Wales, v., 1881, p. 620

—substitute name.

Loc.—Fremantle, West Australia (Castelnau).

(ELEoTRIS) PLANICEPS, Castelnau.
Eleotris planiceps, Castelnau, Proc. Linn. Soc. N.S.Wales, iii., 1878, p. 49.
Loc.—Norman River, Gulf of Carpentaria (Castelnau).

(Eveotris) PALLIDA, Castelnau.

Eleotris pallida, Castelnau, Res. Fish. Austr. (Vict. Offic. Rec. Philad.
Exhib.), 1875, p. 24.

Loc.—Cape York (Castelnan).

(ELEoTRIS) MELBOURNENSIS, Sauvage.

Eleotris (Eleotriodes) melbournensis, Sauvage, Bull. Soc. Philom. (7), iv.,
1880, p. 57.

Loc.—Melbourne (Sauvage).

(Ex.eotris) ropustus, De Vis.
Eleotris robustus, De Vis, Proc. Linn. Soc. N.S.Wales, ix., 1884, p. 692.
Loc.—Queensland coast (De Vis).

(EL¥orRiIs) SULCATICOLLIS, Castelnau.

Hleotris sulcaticollis, Castlenau, Proc. Linn. Soc. N.S.Wales, iii., 1878, p.
142.

Loc.—Brisbane River (Castelnau).

(ExLeotris) striata, Steinduchner.
Hleotris striata, Steindachner, Sitzb. Akad, Wiss. Wien, liii., 1866, p. 452.

Apparently near Mogurnda adspersa, but differing, according to the
description, in details of the squamation.

Loc.—Port Jackson (Steindachner).

AUSTRALIAN GOBIIDE—McCULLOCH AND OGILBY. 271

Genus Boris, Bleeker.

Butis, Bleeker, Nat. Tijdschr. Ned. Ind., xi., 1856, p. 412 (Hleotris butis,
Buchanan). |

Body robust, compressed ; head depressed, the snout produced with
the mandible projecting. Scales large and angular, with one or more
scalelets covering their basal portions; they are everywhere strongly
ctenoid, and extend forward to the nostrils and cover the sides of the
head. Naked mucigerous canals extend from the snout, around each side
of the interorbital area, to the shoulder and around the preopercular
border ; they are defined by distinct osseous crests. Several open pores
are present on the preopercular border. Mouth large, oblique; teeth in
a band in each jaw, and either uniformly villiform or with the outer series
enlarged. Tongue spatulate, free anteriorly. Nobarbles. Gill-openings
extending well forward below, the isthmus narrow; exposed edge of the
shoulder-girdle smooth. Pseudobranchie present; anterior gill-rakers of
the first arch stout, about six on the lower limb. Dorsal fins short, with
about vi/9 rays; anal similar to the second dorsal. Pectorals narrowly
rounded, without free rays. Ventrals i/5, widely separated, the fourth
rays longest. Caudal narrowly rounded.

The above definition is based on B. butis and B. amboinensis.

BuTIs AMBOINENSIS (Bleeker), Day.
(Plate xxxvi., fig. 4).

Eleotris amboinensis, Bleeker, Nat. Tijd. Ned. Ind., v., 1853, p. 343. Id.,
Giinther, Brit. Mus. Cat. Fish., iii., 1861, p.117. Id., Day, Fish.
India, 1876, p. 316.

Eleotris buccata, Blyth, Journ. Asiat. Soc. Bengal, 1860, p. 145.

Butis amboinensis, Bleeker, ‘‘ Kleotriformes”, 1874, p. 5—fide Day.

Prionobutis buccata, Bleeker, [bid.,—fide Day.

Eleotris longicauda, De Vis, Proc. Linn. Soc. N.S.Wales, ix., 1884, p. 691.

Butis longicauda, Ogilby, Proc. Roy. Soc. Qld., xxiii., 1910, p. 22.

Eleotris papa (De Vis, M.S.) Ogilby, Ibid., p. 24.

Eleotris butis, Ramsay & Ogilby, Proc. Linn. Soc. N.S.Wales (2), i.,
1886, p. 8 (not H. butis, Buchanan).

D. vi/9; A. 9; P. 17; V. i/5; C. 15. 29 scales between the axil
and the hypural joint, and 11 between the anterior dorsal and anal rays.

Depth before the dorsal fin 4°7 in the length to the hypural joint;
head 2°8 in the same. Kye 6:1 in the head, and 2°08 in the snout, which
is 2-9 in the head. Interorbital space one-third broader than the eye, 1°3
in the snout. Depth of caudal peduncle 2:03 in its length, which is 1:3
in the head. Breadth before the pectorals slightly less than the depth.

Head depressed, much broader than deep ; its upper profile slightly
concave. Sharp bony ridges are present on the upper surface of the head
between the nostrils, surrounding the orbits, above the opercular margins,

272 RECORDS OF THE AUSTRALIAN MUSEUM.

and around the preopercular border. Mucigerous canals covered by thin
membrane follow these bony ridges, and are perforated along their length
by open pores. Scales cover the cheeks and opercles, and all of the snout
posterior to the hinder nostril ; they are small on the anterior half of the
head, larger on the opercles, and bear many minute scalelets on their
basal portions. Orbit breaking the upper profile of the head, the eye
small and lateral. Interorbital space flat, and scaly to the orbital margins,
the scales being subdivided into three series by the bony crests. Snout
depressed, somewhat sharply rounded. Nostrils about midway between
the eye and the end of the snout, the anterior in a low tube. Mouth a
little oblique, the maxilla extending back to about the vertical of the
anterior border of the eye. Mandible projecting beyond the upper jaw.
Each jaw with a band of yilliform teeth, which is broadest anteriorly and
narrows backwards; the posterior rows are slightly larger than the
anterior ones, and there is an outer row of slightly enlarged conical teeth.
Tongue free, broadly spatulate. Gill-openings very wide, extending
forward to below the middle of the eye, the membranes united across the
isthmus; the latter about as wide as the eye. Exposed edge of shoulder-
girdle smooth.

Body subcylindrical anteriorly, compressed posteriorly. It is closely
covered with large angular ctenoid scales of almost uniform size, which
also cover the breast and base of the pectorals. At the base of each are
two or three small scalelets. Genital papilla well developed.

First dorsal originating above the anterior third of the pectoral,
rounded ; the second spine is longest, about as long as the snout, and the
membrane from the last does not nearly reach the second dorsal. The
margin of the second dorsal is straight, the second ray longest, and the
others decreasing slightly backwards. Anal originating below the third
dorsal ray, and terminating behind the last; its rays increase in length
backwards. Pectoral rounded, the middle rays reaching the vertical of
the first dorsal ray. Ventrals inserted below the hinder half of the
operculum, and reaching about two-thirds of their distance from the vent.
Candal broadly rounded,

Colour-marking.—Light brown in alcohol, variegated with darker cross-
bars, disposed in about five pairs; darker lines extend along the series of
scales, and scattered blackish dots are present on the head and body. A
broad dark streak extends across the snout to the eye, and is continned
backwards across the preoperculum. Anterior dorsal marbled with
blackish-brown on a lighter ground colour, and a broad light margin.
Second dorsal with oblique rows of dark dots on the rays. Anal dark,
with a whitish border; some large white dark-edged ocelli between the
rays. Lower portion of the candal similar to the anal, a broad portion of
the upper half and a narrow lower margin white. Ventrals variegated
with brown and white, and having a broad white margin. Pectorals light
coloured, with a striking quadrangular blackish blotch on a light ground
colour at the base of the rays.

Described and figured from a specimen 133 mm. long Eight others
95-153 mm. long, are similar in all details, varying only in the degree of
the development of the colour-marking.

AUSTRALIAN GOBIIDE—-McCULLOCH AND OGILBY. 273

Identity and Synonymy.—We have compared these specimens with
an example of B. amboinensis from the Andaman Islands, which was
identified by Dr. Day, and find no difference between them; it must be
noted, however, that Day was not certain that his specimens were correctly
identified. We have examined the cotypes of Hleotris longicauda, De Vis,
which are similar to the specimens described above.

Affinities —B. amboinensis differs from B. butis, with an Indian
specimen of which we have compared it, in having a shorter maxilla, and
in having the outer row of teeth in each jaw enlarged.

Locs.—We have examined specimens from the following localities.—
Brisbane River, Queensland. Strickland River, Papua. Ugi, Solomon
Islands.

Genus ASTERROPTERIX, [eiippell.

Asterropteriz, Riippell, Atlas Reise Nord]. Afrika, Fische, 1828, p. 138
(A. semipunctatus, Riippell). Id., Jordan & Evermann, Bull. U-S.
Fish. Comm., xxiii. i., 1905, p. 480.

Brachyeleotris, Bleeker, Versl. Akad. Amst. (2), viii., 1874. p. 374 (Eleotris
eyanostigma, Bleeker).

Priolepis, Ehrenberg—fide Bleeker, Arch. Néer]. Sci. Nat., ix., 1874, p.
305.

ASTERROPTERIX SEMIPUNCTATUS, Jeiippell.

Asterropterix semipunctatus, Riippell, Atlas Reise Nord]. Afrika, Fische,
1828, p. 138, pl. xxxiv., fig. 4. Id., Jordan & Seale, Bull. U.S. Fish.
Bureau, xxv., 1906, p. 385, pl. xxxvi., fig. 1.

Eleotris cyanostigma, Bleeker, Nat. Tijd. Ned. Ind., viii., 1855, p. 452.
Id., De Vis, Proc. Linn. Soc. N.S.Wales, ix., 1884, p. 693. Id.,
Ogilby, Proc. Linn. Soc. N.S.Wales, xxi., 1897, p. 753.

Eleotriodes cyanostigma, Bleeker, Nat. Tijd. Ned. Ind., xv., 1858, p. 460.

Brachyeleotris cyanostigma, Bleeker, Arch. Néerl. Sci. Nat., ix., 1874, p.
306.

Eleotris semipunctatus, Giinther, Fische Siidsee, vi., 1877, p. 187, pl. exi.,
fig. d.

Asterropteryx cyanostigma, Snyder, Bull. U.S. Fish. Comm., xxii., 1904, p.
536.

Asterropteryx semipunctatus, Jordan & Kvermann, Bull. U.S. Fish Comm.,
xxiii. 1., 1905, p. 480. Id., Ogilby, Mem. Qld. Mus., iii., 1915, p.
125, pl. xxix, fir. 2:

Locs.—This species has been recorded from Somerset, Cape York, by
De Vis., and from Bowen by Giinther.

274 RECORDS OF THE AUSTRALIAN MUSEUM.

Genus Puitypnopvon, Bleeker.

Philypnodon, Bleeker, Arch. Néerl. Sci. Nat., ix., 1874, p. 301 (Hleotris
nudiceps, Castelnau). Id., Waite, Rec. Austr. Mus., v. 5, 1904, p.
284.

Gymnobutis, Bleeker, [bid., p. 304 (Hleotris gymnocephalus, Steindachner).

Ophiorrhinus, Ogilby, Proc. Linn. Soc. N.S.Wales, xxi., 1897, p. 745
(Lleotris grandiceps, Krefft).

PHILYPNODON NuDICEPS, Castelnau.

Eleotris (Philypnus) nudiceps, Castlenau, Proc. Zool. Soe. Vict., i., 1872,
p. 126.

Philypnodon nudiceps, Bleeker, Arch. Néerl. Sci. Nat., ix., 1874, p. 301.

Eleotris nudiceps, Sanvage, Bull. Soc. Philom. (7), iv., 1880, p. 53. TId.,
Macleay, Proc. Linn. Soc. N.S.Wales, v., 1881, p. 619.

Ophiorrhinus nudiceps, Ogilby, Proc. Linn, Soc. N.S.Wales, xxi., 1897, p.
748.

Loc.—Lower Yarra River, Victoria (Castelnan).

PHILYPNODON GRANDICEPS, Krefft.

Eleotris grandiceps, Krefft, Proc. Zool. Soc., 1864, p. 183. Id., Giinther,
Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (3), xx., 1867, p. 62. Id., Macleay, Proc.
Linn. Soc. N.S.Wales, v., 1881, p. 618.

Eleotris gymnocephalus, Steindachner, Sitzb. Akad. Wiss. Wein, liii., 1866,
p. 453, pl. ii., fig. 3. Jd., Giinther, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist (38), xx.,
1867, p. 62.

Gymnobutis gymnocephalus, Bleeker, Arch. Néerl. Sci. Nat., ix., 1874, p.
304. Id., Ogilby, Proc. Linn. Soc. N.S.Wales, xxi., 1897, pp. 753,
757.

Ophiorrhinus grandiceps, Ogilby, Loc. cit., p. 746.
Ophiorrhinus angustifrons, Ogilby, Loc. cit., xxii., 1898, p. 793.
Philypnodon grandiceps, Waite, Rec. Austr. Mus., v. 1904, p. 285, pl. xxxvi.
fig. 2 (synonymy).
Hab.—New South Wales.

Genus Opniocara, (ill.

Ophiocara, Gill, Proce. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philad., 1863, p. 270 (Hleotris
ophiocephalus, Cuvier & Valenciennes).

Body robust, compressed, the head large and broad. Scales large,
mostly ctenoid on the body and cycloid on the head; there are 28-38
between the axil and the hypural joint, and they extend forward on the
upper surface of the head to before the posterior nostrils, and completely
cover the cheeks and opercles. Mucigerons canals of the head almost

AUSTRALIAN GOBIIDE—McCULLOCH AND OGILBY. 275

hidden in the scales; some large open pores on the snout, interorbital
space, nuchal groove, and preopercular margin. Hye of moderate size, the
interorbital space broad and flat. Snout obtuse, the mandible projecting ;
no barbles. Hach jaw with a band of villiform teeth, and an outer row
of stronger ones. ‘Tongue, broad, subtruncate, and free anteriorly. Gill-
openings wide, extending well forward below, the space between them
either narrow or of moderate width ; exposed edge of the shoulder-girdle
forming a smooth curved ridge. Pseudobranchie present; anterior
gill-rakers of the first arch broad and short, about nine on the lower limb.
Dorsal and anal fins short, with six spines and about nine rays. Pectoral
and caudal rounded; ventrals 1/5, widely separated...

Key to the Australian species.

a. Preopercular margin hidden by the scales ; supraciliary scales present.
b. About 30 scales between the axil and the hypural joint........................... aporos.
aa. Preopercular margins exposed and free; no supraciliary scales.

c. About 37 scales between the axil and the hypural joint.................. darwiniensis.

OPHIOCARA APOROS, Bleeker.

EHleotris aporos, Bleeker, Nat. Tijd. Ned. Ind., vi., 1854, p. 59. Id.,
Giinther, Brit. Mus. Cat, Fish., iii., 1861, p. 109. Id., Kner, Reise
“Novara”, Zool., i., Fisch. 2, 1865, p. 183. Id., Giinther, Ann. Mag.
Nat. Hist. (3), xx., 1867, p. 62. Id., Macleay, Proc. Linn. Soc. N.S.
Wales, v., 1881, p. 616.

Eleotris aporus, Bleeker, Neder]. Tijd. Dierk., i1., 1865, p. 293. Id., Weber,
Nova Guinea, v., 1907, p. 252.

Ophiocara aporus, Bleeker, Vers]. Akad. Amst. (2), xi., 1877, p. 33.

? Hleotris porocephaloides, Klunzinger, Sitzb. Akad. Wiss. Wien, Ixxx. i.,
1879, p. 384 (not of Bleeker).

Eleotris planiceps, Macleay, Proc. Linn. Soc. N.S.Wales, viii., 1883, p. 206
(not of Castelnau, 1878, nor of Macleay, 1882).

Eleotris aporocephalus, Macleay, [bid., ix., 1884, p. 33—substitute name.

Ophiocara aporos, Jordan & Seale, Bull. U.S. Fish. Bureau, xxv., 1906, p.
384. Id., Jordan & Richardson, Bull. U.S. Fish. Bureau, xxvii.,
1908, p. 274.

D. vi/9; A.10; P.14; V. i/5; C. 15. 29 rows of scales between
the axil and the hypural joint, and 10 between the anterior dorsal and
anal rays.

Depth before the ventrals about 5 in the length from the premaxillary
symphysis to the hypural joint; head, without the mandible, 3:2 in the
same. Hye 7:1 in the head, and 3 in the interocular space; it is much
shorter than the snout. Breadth before the pectoral bases about equal to
the depth ; the depth of the caudal peduncle is to its length as 2 is to 3.

Head broader than deep, flat above, and almost entirely covered with

large cycloid scales; these extend forward almost to the level of the
anterior nostrils on the upper surface, and those on the nape have crenulate

276 RECORDS OF THE AUSTRALIAN MUSEUM.

margins and are larger than the body scales; there are sixteen rows in
front of the first dorsal. A mucigerous canal is present above the eye,
which defines a patch of supraciliary scales; two others extend across the
cheek, but the remainder, including the parietal groove, are hidden beneath
the scales. Preopercular margin not free, almost completely hidden by
the scales; an open pore near its angle. Eye rather small, lateral, and
situated within the anterior third of the head; it is close to the upper
profile. Interorbital space very broad and flat. Snout broadly rounded,
with a knob formed by the posterior premaxillary processes ; mandible
projecting, the symphysis angular. Mouth oblique, the maxilla reaching
to below the anterior third of the eye. Nostrils well separated, the
anterior in a low tube near the lp, the posterior a simple opening
near the eye. Hach jaw with a band of villiform teeth, and an outer
row of stronger ones. Tongue broad, subtruncate and free anteriorly.
Gill-openings extending forward almost to below the middle of the
preoperculum, the space separating them wider than the eye. Exposed
edge of the shoulder-girdle forming a smooth curved ridge; a sharp
angle at its junction with the lower margin of the gill-opening.

Body robust, subcylindrica] anteriorly, compressed posteriorly. The
scales are large and mostly ctenoid, but are cycloid on the breast and base
of the pectoral; they extend up between the bases of the pectoral and
caudal rays. Genital papilla large and broadly rounded, with fimbriate
edges.

First dorsal commencing above the hinder half of the pectoral, its
margin rounded ; the third spine is longest but does not reach the second
dorsal when adpressed. Second dorsal somewhat rounded, the seventh
ray longest, and reaching about two-thirds of its distance from the hypural
joint. Anal of similar form to the second dorsal, its origin and termination
a little behind those of that fin. Pectoral rounded, the median rays
almost reaching the vertical of the interspace between the two dorsals.
Ventrals widely separated, the fourth rays longest, and reaching about
three-fourths of their distance from the vent. Caudal broadly rounded.

Colour.—Brown above, after long preservation, white below. Two
dark bars extend obliquely downward from the eye to the operculum, and
a third crosses the operculum to the pectoral base; this last has a light
patch on its upper portion, and there is a dark bar, followed by a lighter
one, at the bases of the rays. The sides of the body have indications of
several longitudinal stripes. The fins are dark in colour, and the dorsals,
anal, and ventrals have each a broad light margin.

Described from a specimen 284 mm. long, which is one of the cotypes
of Hleotris planiceps, Macleay (=H. aporocephalus, Macleay). It clearly
shows the cephalic colour-markings which were said to be wanting by
Macleay, but it seems that these dark bars are sometimes more pronounced
in old preserved specimens than in those which are fresher.

Identity—We have compared this example with a specimen from the
Malay Archipelago, which was received from Dr. F. Day as O. aporos, and
find the two similar in all details.

AUSTRALIAN GOBILDH—McCULLOCH AND OGILBY. 277

Locs.—Eleven specimens similar to the example described are in the
Australian Museum from the following localities —Lillesmere Lagoons,
Burdekin River; cotypes of ZH. planiceps. Cairns, Queensland. Gazelle
Peninsula, New Britain. Solomon Islands. Fiji. Malay Archipelago.
Eleven specimens are in the Queensland Museum from the Burdekin
River, the Barron River, and Ingham, Queensland.

OPHIOCARA DARWINIENSIS, Macleay.

Agonostoma darwiniense, Macleay, Proc. Linn. Soc. N.S.Wales, ii., 1878, p.:
360, pl. ix., fig. 8.

Eleotris darwiniensis, Macleay, Ibid., iv., 1879, pp. 63, 425, and v., 1881,
p- 616.

? Hleotris ophiocephalus, Klunzinger, Sitzb. Akad. Wiss. Wien, lxxx. i
1879, p. 384.

Hleotris ophiocephalus, Macleay, Proc. Linn. Soc. N.S.Wales, v., 1881,
p- 615.

Hleotris porocephalus, Ogilby, Proc. Linn. Soc. N.S.Wales, xxi., 1897, p. 755.

D. vi/9; A. 8; P. 16; V. i/5; C. 15. 387 rows of scales between
the axil and the hypural joint, and 14 between the anterior dorsal and
anal rays.

Depth before the ventrals about 5 in the length from the premaxillary
symphysis to the hypural joint; head without the mandible, 4 in the
same. Hye 5:2 in the head, and 1°8 in the interorbital space; it is a little
shorter than the snout. Breadth before the pectoral bases 1:1 in the
depth ; depth of the caudal peduncle 1:3 in its length.

Head broader than deep, flat above, and almost entirely covered with
scales of moderate size ; they extend forward to before the posterior nostrils
on the upper surface, and some on the nape are a little larger than the
body-scales ; some of the scales on the upper surface of the head and cheek
are cycloid, but the remainder are ctenoid; there are about twenty-one
before the dorsal fin. No distinct mucigerous system above the eye, and
no supraciliary scales. Several rows of microscopic mucigerous papille
extend downward from the eye, and two others cross the cheek horizon-
tally, while further series are present above and behind the preopercular
margin, and beneath the mandible. Preopercular margin free and exposed ;
several large open pores are present around its border, along the parietal
groove, and above the nostrils. Eye of moderate size, superolateral, but
not cutting the upper profile; it is situated within the anterior half of the
head. Interorbital space very broad and flat. Snout broadly rounded,
its upper profile scarcely interrupted by a knob formed by the posterior
processes of the premaxillaries; mandible projecting, the symphysis
rounded. Mouth oblique, the maxilla reaching to below the middle of
‘the eye. Nostrils separated, the anterior tubular and overhanging the
lip, the posterior with dermal margins and near the eye. Each jaw with
a band of villiform teeth, and an outer row of larger conical ones; in the
mandible the outer row is wanting laterally, and is replaced with a row of
enlarged inner teeth. Tongue broad, subtruncate and free anteriorly.
Gill-openings extending forward to below the hinder margin of the eye,

Dr J

278 RECORDS OF THE AUSTRALIAN MUSEUM,

the space separating them narrower than the eye. Exposed edge of the
shoulder-girdle a smooth ridge, and forming an angle at its junction with
the lower margin of the gill-opening.

Body robust, subcylindrical anteriorly, compressed posteriorly.
The scales are of moderate size, and everywhere ctenoid except on the
breast and base of the pectoral; they cover the bases of the pectoral rays,
and extend up between those of the caudal. Genital papilla large,
subguadrate, its hinder margins fimbriate.

First dorsal rounded, originating above the middle of the pectoral ;
the third spine is the longest, but does not reach the second dorsal when
adpressed. Dorsal rays increasing in length to the penultimate, which
reaches three-fourths of its distance from the hypural joint. Anal opposite,
and similar in form to the second dorsal. Pectoral rounded, reaching to
below the middle of the interspace between the two dorsal fins. Ventrals
widely separated, their fourth rays longest and reaching more than two-
thirds of their distance from the vent. Caudal broadly rounded.

Colour-marking.—Dark brown above after long preservation, light
below; the sides bear dark longitudinal stripes between each row of scales,
and the central portion of many of the scales is occupied by a light spot.
The sides of the head likewise bear a few light spots, but are otherwise
uniformly dark in colour. The membrane of the vertical fins is dark
between the rays, and the second dorsal and caudal bear numerous
pronounced yellowish ocelli in irregular rows; similar ocelli are indicated
on the first dorsal, but they are absent from the anal. The margin of the
second dorsal, and the upper and lower borders of the caudal are light
coloured, while the anal is broadly margined with yellow. Ventrals
dusky with lighter margins.

Described from a specimen 187 mm. long, which is one of fifteen
cotypes preserved in the Macleay Museum. The others, which range
from 43-190 mm, in length, exhibit but little variation in their colour-
marking, though the white spots are scarcely developed in the smallest
specimens,

Colour.—An example 241 mm. long, secured alive by one of us at
Cooktown, presented the following colouration. Dorsal surface olive-
green, closely vermiculated with dark brown; sides dark blue shot with
green, most of the scales with a large greenish-white spot; under surfaces
dusky grey, changing to white near the vent. Sides of the head similar
to the body, but with fewer and smaller light spots; throat dusky, with
large light blotches. First dorsal dusky olive, shot with blue and green,
Second dorsal dusky olive below, clearer above, the rays darker ; numerous
bluish-white spots between the rays forming very irregular rows, and
extending high up between the posterior rays; a broad orange margin
between the second and seventh rays. Caudal pale blue, the rays dark
olive, with numerous greenish-white spots basally ; an imperfect orange
margin above and below. Anal rich blue and green, the rays darker; a
dark submarginal ill-defined band, and a broad orange border. Ventrals
blue, the rays olive, with an imperfect yellow margin. Pectoral base
without darker markings but with numerous lighter spots; the rays are
dusky olive irregularly spotted with black.

Se at as gas

AUSTRALIAN GOBIIDE—-McCULLOCH AND OGILBY. 279

Identity.— We retain the name darwiniensis for this species because
we are unable to satisfactorily identify it with any of those described from
the Hast Indian Archipelago. It is very similar to O. porocephalus, with
representative examples of which we have compared it, but the light
dorsal and caudal spots offer a striking contrast to the dark markings of
those fins in Cuvier and Valenciennes’ species.

We have examined the specimen recorded as O. ophiocephalus by
Macleay from Rockingham Bay, and find it similar in all details to his
cotypes of O. darwiniensis. This leads us to suppose that the specimens
recorded by Klunzinger under the same name from Port Denison and
Port Darwin, also belong to Macleay’s species.

This species is deemed a delicacy by the Chinese at Cooktown,
Queensland, where it is occasionally secured in large quantities. The fish
retains its vitality for some hours after its removal from the water, which
is an important factor in its keeping qualities in a hot climate.

Locs.—Port Darwin, North Australia; cotypes of the species.
Melville Island, North Australia; Queensland Museum. Cooktown,
Queensland ; coll. McCulloch, June 1918. Rockingham Bay, Queensland ;
Macleay Museum, as Hleotris ophiocephalus.

OPHIOCARA MACROLEPIDOTA (Bloch), Giinther.

Eleotris macrolepidotus, Giinther, Fisch. Siidsee, vi., 1877, p. 186, pl. exii.,
fig. b. Id., Weber, Zool. Forschr. Austr., v., 1895, p. 270. Id.,
Ogilby, Proc. Linn. Soc. N.S.Wales, xxi., 1897, p. 754.

Eleotris tumifrons (Cuvier & Valenciennes), Ogilby, [bid., p. 755.

Giinther identified North Australian specimens as H. macrolepidotus,
while Weber recorded the species from the Burnett River, Queensland.
It is possible that both references are based upon examples of one of the
species described above.

Genus Moaournpa, Gill.

Mogurnda, Gill, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philad., 1863, p, 270 (Hleotris
mogurnda, Richardson). Id., Bleeker, Arch. Néerl. Sci. Nat., ix.,
1874, p. 303, and x., 1875, pp..103, 105.

Krefftius, Ogilby, Proc. Linn. Soc. N.S.Wales, xxi., 1897, p. 736 (Hleotris
~ australis, Krefft). Id., Waite, Rec. Aust. Mus., v., 1904, p. 281—
part.

Body rather robust, compressed, the head large and broad. Scales
rather large, mostly ctenoid on the body and cycloid on the head; 30-40
between the pectoral and the hypural joint; they extend forward om the
upper surface of the head to between the posterior nostrils, and cover the
cheek and operculum. Rows of minute pores extend around the eye,
across the cheek, behind the preoperculum and on each side of the
mandible. Mouth moderate, oblique, lower jaw projecting ; no barbles.
A band of villiform teeth in each jaw, palate toothless. ‘Tongue broad,

280 RECORDS OF THE AUSTRALIAN MUSEUM.

rounded anteriorly and largely free. Gill-openings separated by a wide
isthmus, the membranes extending forward, but not united across it.
Exposed edge of the shoulder-girdle forming a smooth, curved ridge.
Pseudobranchize present; gill-rakers of first gill-arch short and spaced,
about eight on the lower limb. Dorsal with 7-9 spines, and 9-14 rays,
anal with 9-14 rays. Ventrals separate, with i/5 rays. Caudal rounded.

Affinities —This genns is very similar to Ophiocara, Gill, from which
it differs principally in its physiognomy. The squamation of the upper
surface of the head is very different in typical forms of the two genera,
while the first dorsal has usually six spines in Ophiocara and seven to nine
in Mogurnda, but some species exhibit intermediate characters between
these extremes. Odontobutis, Bleeker, is also closely allied to Mogurnda,
but has only a narrow isthmus separating the gill-openings, over which
the membranes are narrowly united.

Key to species.—

a. Dorsal with 11-13 rays, body spotted. Vertebrae 31............ Subgenus Mogurnda.
b. 37-42 scales between the axil and the hypural joint.......... subspecies mogurnda,.
bb. 30-35 scales between the axil and the hypural joint............ subspecies adspersus.

aa. Dorsal with 9 rays, body striped. Vertebre 28.................. Subgenus Krefftius.
c. 31-33 scales between the axil and the hypural joint..................cccc0ce australis.

MoaurnpdA MOGURNDA, Richardson.

Bleotris mogurnda, Richardson, Ichth. ‘‘ Erebus & Terror”, 1844, p. 4, pl.
ii., fig. 1-2. Id., Giinther, Brit. Mus. Cat. Fish., iii., 1861, p. 111.
Id., Castelnau, Proc. Zool. Soc. Vict., ii., 1873, p. 85, and Res. Fish.
Austr. (Vict. Offic. Ree. Philad. Exhib.), 1875, p. 23. Id., Klunzinger,
Sitzb. Akad. Wiss. Wien, Ixxx. i., 1879, p. 384. Id., Macleay, Proc.
Linn. Soc. N.S.Wales, v., 1881, p. 617.

?Hleotris moguruda, Weber, Nova Guinea, v., 1903, p. 253, and Abhandl.
Senckenb. Naturforsch. Gesellsch., xxxiv., 1911, p. 34, pl. i., fig. 2.

Eleotris larapinte, Geitz, Rept. Horn Sci. Exp. C. Aust., ii., 1896, p. 179,
pl. xvi., fig. 4.

D. viii/13; A. 12; P. 16; V. i/5; C. 15. 41-42 rows of scales
between the axil and the hypural jomt, and 16 between the anterior
dorsal and anal rays.

Depth at ventrals 3°5 in the length between the premaxillary
symphysis and the hypural joint; head 3:2 in the same. Eye 5 in the
head, shorter than the snout, which is 4°2 in the head; interocular width
almost twice as wide as the eye, 2°7 in the head. Breadth between the
bases of the pectorals 1-4 in the depth ; depth of caudal peduncle 2 in the
head. Sixth dorsal spine 2-7, last dorsal ray 1:5, and last anal ray 2°1 in
the head. Pectoral 1:7, candal 1:3 in the head.

Head largely covered with cycloid scales, which extend forward to
between the posterior nostrils above, and cover the cheek and operculum ;
snout and mandible naked. Rows of minute pores extend from above the

AUSTRALIAN GOBIIDB—McCULLOCH AND OGILBY. 281

nostrils, over and behind the eye, to the groove above the opercles ; others
cross the cheek and operculum, and extend around the preopercular
margin and onto the mandible ; no large open pores. Eyes separated by
a broad, flat, interorbital space ; some small imperfect scales on the upper
part of the eye. Snout broadly rounded, the mandible projecting.
Mouth oblique, the maxilla reaching to below the anterior third of the
eye. Anterior nostril in a short tube near the lip, the posterior a simple
opening on the upper surface of the head. A ‘broad band of villiform
teeth in each jaw, palate toothless. Tongue rounded anteriorly, and
largely free. Gill-openings lateral, and continued somewhat forward
below, the isthmus separating them wider than the eye. Exposed edge
of the shoulder-girdle smooth.

Body robust, compressed posteriorly, covered with ctenoid scales,
which extend over the breast and bases of the pectorals. They are a
little larger posteriorly than anteriorly. Genital papilla well developed.

First dorsal fin rather low, rounded, and commencing well behind
the pectoral base ; the penultimate spine is longest, and reaches beyond
the first ray when adpressed. Second dorsal oblong, pointed posteriorly,
the margin straight; the penultimate ray is longest, and reaches the
vertical of the hypural joint. Anal opposite the second dorsal, and
similar in form though a little more rounded anteriorly. Pectoral
rounded, the median rays longest, and almost reaching the vertical of
the last dorsal spine. Ventral inserted below the pectoral-base, the fourth
ray longest, and reaching about two-thirds of its distance from the vent.
Caudal broadly rounded.

Colour-marking.—Light brown in alcohol, with numerous darker
spots along the middle of the sides, which coalesce posteriorly into two
longitudinal lines enclosing large darker and lighter blotches. Two
oblique stripes cross the cheek from the eye, and are continued across the
operculum ; a third crosses the operculum and the base of the pectoral to
a dark blotch on the bases of the rays. First dorsal dusky, with some
obscure darker spots, and a white border. Second dorsal dusky, with a
white border and numerous large darker spots near the base and on the
posterior rays, where they mingle with some lighter markings. Anal
with markings similar to those of the second dorsal. Caudal with dark
spots between the rays on its median portion, which are largest near the
base.

Described from an adult specimen 120 mm. long, from Port Essington,
which is somewhat faded, but exhibits all the characters of the species.

Identity —This specimen, and the others referred to below, differ
from Richardson’s description of 17. moguruda, also from Port Essington,
in having fewer rays in the dorsal and anal fins, but it must be noted
that Giinther later re-examined the types and found them constructed as
in our specimens. Giinther counted forty-eight scales in a longitudinal
series, which is a larger number than we find in any of ours.

Vuriation.—Three specimens, also from Port Essington, 25-42 mm.
long without the caudal fin, exhibit some variation in the number of
fin-rays and scales; D. vili-ix/12-13; A. 12; 38-40 scales between the

282 RECORDS OF THE AUSTRALIAN MUSEUM,

axil and the hypural joint, and 15-16 between the anterior dorsal and
anal rays. In other specimens the number of anal rays varies from
11-14.

Synonymy.— Three examples, 45-63 mm. long, from Red Bank Creek,
Central Australia, and received for examination from the South Australian
Museum, are topotypes, and possibly cotypes of Hleotris larapinte, Zietz.
They differ from the description of that species in having the maxilla
extending to or beyond the anterior ocular margin instead of nearly to it
as described, and the eye is more instead of less than half the interocular
width; D. viii/12; A. 11-12; 38-39 scales between the axil and the
hypural joint. Others from the Finke River, Central Australia, are
similar, and have D. viii-ix/13; A. 11-12; 40 seales between the axil and
the hypural joint. These specimens are quite similar to the larger
example described above as M. moguruda.

The specimen beautifully figured in colour by Weber from the Aru
Islands is very probably correctly identified as M. mogurnda, but his
illustration shows sixteen dorsal rays, which is more than we find in any
of our examples.

Loculities. —We have examined nineteen specimens from the following
localities, Port Essington, Port Darwin, Catherine Mines and Yam Creek
in the Northern Territory. Euraka Creek, Walsh River, Northern
Queensland. Red Bank Creek and the Finke River, Central Australia.

Distribution.—North and Central Australia. ?Aru Islands, and the
western and southern coasts of New Guinea (Weber).

Mocurnpa MoGurNDA, Richardson.
Subspecies apspersus, Castelnau.

Eleotris adspersus, Castelnau, Proc. Linn. Soc. N.S.Wales, iii., 1878,
142. Jd., Macleay, Proc. Linn. Soc. N.S.Wales, v., 1881, p. 62
Id., Ogilby, Proce. Linn. Soc. N.S.Wales, xxi., 1897, p. 752.

Eleotris mimus, De Vis, Proc. Linn. Soc. N.S.Wales, ix., 1884, p. 690.
Id., Ogilby, Loc. cit., p. 754.

Lleotris concolor, De Vis, Proc. Linn. Soe. N.S. Wales, ix., 1884, p. 692.

Krefitius adspersus, Ogilby, Loc. e/t., xxii., 1898, p. 789. Id., Waite, Rec.
Austr. Mus., v., 1904, p. 282, pl. xxv., fig.1. Jd., Ogilby, Proc. Roy.
Soc. Qld., xxi., 1908, p. 98.

Pleotris moqurndu, Bleeker, Neder]. Tijdschr. Dierk., ii., 1865, p. 71. Id.,
Steindachner, Sitzb. Akad. Wiss. Wien, lvi. i., 1867, p. 326. Id.,
Castelnan, Proc, Linn. Soc. N.S.Wales, iii., 1879, p. 353. Id.,
Ogilby, Cat. Fish. N.S.Wales, 1886, p. 36 (part). (Not B. moguruda,
Rich.)

Mogurnda mogurnda, Ogilby, Proc. Linn. Soe. N.S. Wales, XXi., 1897, p-
757. Id., Waite, Rec. Austr. Mus., v., 1904, p. 282, and Mem. N.S.
Wales Nat. Club, ii., 1904, p. 45.

D. vi-ix/11-14; A. 11-14; P. 15-16; V. i/5; C. 15. 30-35 scales
between the axil and the hypural joint, and 12-14 between the anterior
dorsal and anal rays.

p-
2.

AUSTRALIAN GOBIIDH——-McCULLOCH AND OGILBY. 283

Proportions of a specimen 112 mm. long, from Bundaberg, Queens-
land, figured by Waite (Loc. cit.). Depth at ventrals 3-9 in the length
between the premaxillary symphysis and the hypural joint; head 3:1 in
the same. Kye 5:6 in the head, shorter than the snout, which is 4°6 in
the head; interocular space twice as wide as the eye, 2°8 in the head.
Breadth between the bases of the pectorals 1:3 in the depth; depth of
caudal peduncle 2°1 in the head. Sixth dorsal spine 3:1, last dorsal ray
1-4, last anal ray 1:6 in the head. Pectoral 1:4, caudal 1-1 in the head.

This specimen agrees with the foregoing description of M. mogurudu
in all details, except in having the dorsal spines somewhat shorter, and
the rays of the pectoral and ventral fins longer, which are merely
individual peculiarities.

The subspecies M. a. wdspersus differs from the typical form only in
having larger and less numerous scales, there being 30-35 in a longitudinal
series instead of 38-42, and 13-14 in a transverse row instead of 15-16;
the two are similar in all other details. But we have examined several
specimens from Powell’s Creek and the Palmer River, Central Australia,
and inland from Cairns, Queensland, in which the scales number 35-36
in a longitudinal series, and 14-16 transversely. These localities are
somewhat intermediate between the ranges of the two subspecies, so we
are led to the conclusion that the larger and smaller scaled forms are
merely geographical races of the one species.

Synonymy.—F ive cotypes of Hleotris mimus, De Vis, preserved in the
Australian Museum, prove this species to be synonymous with M. m.
audspersus, as has already been determined by Ogilby. The holotype of
Eleotris concolor, De Vis, is in the collection of the Queensland Museum ;
it is stuffed and its fins are much damaged, while it retains no traces of
its colour-marking ; its remaining characters, however, leave no doubt as
to its identity with M. m. adspersus.

Locs.—We have examined a representative series of 86 specimens
from the following localities. South Australia :—Torrens River; Onka-
paringa ; Murray Bridge. New South Wales :—near Mudgee and Dubbo ;
Clarence River. Queensland :—Brisbane River (cotypes of 1. mimus, De
Vis.); Hidsvold, Burnett River; Bundaberg; 25 miles inland from
Cairns.

Distribution.—South Australia. Murray River System. Rivers of
north eastern New South Wales and eastern Queensland, northward to
Cairns.

Mocurnpa (KREFFTLUS) AUSTRALIS, Krefft.

Eleotris australis, Krefft, Proc. Zool. Soc., 1864, p. 183. Id., Giinther,
Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (3), xx., 1867, p. 61. Id., Castelnau, Proc.
Linn. Soc. N.S.Wales, ii., 1879, p. 384. Id., Macleay, Proce. Linn.
Soc. N.S.Wales, v., 1881, p. 617.

Krefftius australis, Ogilby, Proc. Linn. Soc. N.S.Wales, xxi., 1897, p. 737.
Id., Waite, Rec. Austr. Mus., v., 1904, p. 283, pl. xxxv., fig. 2.

Hab.—Eastern rivers of New South Wales.

284 RECORDS OF THE AUSTRALIAN MUSEUM.

Genus Gosiomorrnous, Gill.

Gobiomorphus, Gill, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philad., 1863, p. 270 (Hleotris
gobioides, Cuvier & Valenciennes),

Mulgou, Ogilby, Proc. Linn, Soe. N.S.Wales, xxi., 1897, p. 740 (Hleotris
cowl, Krefft).

Body subcylindrical anteriorly, compressed posteriorly ; caudal
peduncle about half as long as broad. Scales of moderate size, mostly
ctenoid but becoming cycloid anteriorly and on the abdomen ; they extend
forward to between the posterior orbital margins. Head about as broad
as deep, snout obtusely conical ; mandible projecting. Operculum covered
with small scales; cheeks with somewhat rudimentary scales which are
most plentiful on the postorbital portions. Lines of minute mucigerous
papille extend across the cheeks and opercles, around the preopercular
margin, and from each side of the snout to above the eye. A broad band
of villiform teeth in each jaw; no enlarged outer row. Tongue free and
rounded anteriorly. Gull-openings extending forward below, separated
by a rather broad isthmus; exposed edge of the shoulder-girdle forming a
smooth ridge, with a pit at its lower angle. Pseudobranchie present ;
gill-rakers short and thick, about nine on the lower limb of the first arch.
First dorsal rounded, with six to seven spines; second dorsal short,
with nine to eleven rays. Pectoral and caudal rounded. Ventrals i/5,
completely separated.

Synonymy.—A comparison of the genotypes G. yobioides and M. cowti
shows that they are similar in all the above characters. Waite? has
united Mulyou with Krefftins, but it is distinguished from that genus in
having the interorbital space naked instead of scaly.

Jordan and Evermann*! have united their genus Quisquilius with
Gobiomorphus, but it differs in the character of its dentition. It has an
enlarged outer row of teeth in each jaw, and there is a subcaniniform
tooth on each side of the mandible; in Gobiomorphus the teeth are subequal
in size,

Hub.—Fresh waters and estuaries of New Zealand and New South
Wales.

GobromorPHos Coxii, Krefft.

Eleotris covti, Krefft, Proc. Zool. Soc., 1864, p. 183. Id., Giinther, Ann.
Mag. Nat. Hist. (3), xx., 1867, p. 62. Id., Macleay, Proc. Linn. Soc.
N.S.Wales, v., 1881, p. 618.

Hlevtris richurdsonii, Steindachner, Sitzb. Akad. Wiss. Wien, liii., 1866, p.
455, pl. ii, fig. 4.

Lleotris mustersii, Macleay, Proc. Linn. Soc. N.S8.Wales, v., 1881, p. 622.
Mulgou coxii, Ogilby, Proc. Linn. Soc. N.S.Wales, xxi., 1897, p. 741.

“4 Jordan & Evermann—Bull. U. 8. Fish. Comm., xxiii. i., 1905, p. 483.

AUSTRALIAN GOBIIDE—McCULLOCH AND OGILBY. 285

Hub.—Eastern rivers of southern New South Wales.

Gobiomorphus gobioides, Cuvier & Valenciennes, has been wrongly
recorded from Port Jackson by Steindachner??, who probably had
specimens of the foregoing species before him. G. gobioides is confined to
New Zealand rivers and estuaries.

Genus Carassiors, Ogilby.

Curassiops, Ogilby, Proc. Linn. Soc. N.S.Wales, xxi., 1897, p. 732 (Hleotris
compressus, Krefft). vi ph aha
Austrogobio, Ogilby, Luc. cit., xxil., 1898, p. 785 (Curassiops gulii, Ogilby).

Body compressed, deep or rather slender ; head small, compressed.
Scales large, ctenoid, about 28-35 between the base of the pectoral and
the hypural joint; they extend forward to between the hinder margins of
the eyes, but leave the interorbital space naked, and cover the cheek and
operculum. Rows of minute pores extend around the eye, across the
cheek, behind the preoperculum, and on each side of the mandible. Mouth
rather small, oblique, lower jaw longest; no barbles. A band of villiform
teeth in each jaw, palate toothless. Tongue broad, subtruncate or
rounded anteriorly, and largely free. Gill-openings separated by a rather
narrow isthmus, the membranes not united across it. Exposed edge of
shoulder girdle a smooth, curved ridge. Pseudobranchie present; about
eleven gill-rakers on the lower limb of the first arch, which are stout and
longer posteriorly, becoming tubercular anteriorly. D. v-viii/10-13; A.
10-14; V.i/5. Caudal rounded.

Affinities—This genus is scarcely distinct from Hypseleotris, Gill,
apparently differing principally in having the interorbital space and snout
naked instead of scaly.

a. Second dorsal with 9-10 rays; vertebrae 24-25..............csceeeee Subgenus Carassiops.
by eava-vinl9-10, A, IG11s se: long.” 27 -2Q ior. asa0: sumnoonevemrecayaaweeey ates compressus.
aa. Second dorsal with 11-14 rays; vertebre 30-31................. Subgenus Austrogobio.
c. Medio-lateral series of scales without dark markings..................ceeeeeeeeeeeeee galii.
cc. Each medio-lateral scale with a dark vertical basal bar................... klunzingeri.

CARASSIOPS COMPRESSUS, [refft.

Eleotris compressus, Kreftt, Proc. Zool. Soc., 1864, p. 184. Id., Giinther,
Aun. Mag. Nat. Hist. (3), xx., 1867, p. 62. Id., O'Shaughnessy, Ann.
Mag. Nat. Hist. (4), xv., 1875, p.147. Id., Macleay, Proc. Linn. Soc.
N.S.Wales, v., 1881, p. 619. Id., Ogilby, Cat. Fish. N.S.Wales,
1886, p. 36.

Eleotris brevirostris, Steindachner, Sitzb. Akad. Wiss. Wien, lvi., 1867, p.
314.

Eleotris compressus, Macleay, Proc. Linn. Soc. N.S.Wales, 11., 1878, p. 358,
ple ix., fig. 7.

22 Steindachner—Sitzb. Akad. Wiss. Wien, lvi. i., 1867, p. 326.

286 RECORDS OF THE AUSTRALIAN MUSEUM.

Eleotris reticulutus, Klunzinger, Sitzb. Akad. Wiss. Wien, Ixxx. i., 1879,
p. 388, pl. iv., fig. 3. Id., Macleay, Proc. Linn. Soc. N.S.Wales, ix,
1884, p. 33.

Eleotris elevata, Macleay, Proc. Linn. Soc. N.S.Wales, v., 1881, p. 622;
(substitute name for LW. compressus, Macleay, vec. Krefft).

Elevtris humilis, De Vis, Proc. Linn. Soc. N.S.Wales, ix., 1884, p. 690.

Eleotris cavifrons, De Vis, Lbid., p. 693 (not H. cavifrons, Blyth).

Eleotris devisi, Ogilby, Proc. Linn. Soc. N.S.Wales, xxi., 1897, p. 753;
(substitute name for HV. cuvifrons, de Vis, nec. Blyth).

Carassiops compressus, Ogilby, Ibid., p. 735. Id., Waite, Rec. Austr. Mus.,
v., 1904, p. 280, pl. xxxiv., fig. 1.

Curussiops longi, Ogilby, Ibid., p. 738.

Curussiops compressus montunus, Ogilby, Proc. Roy. Soc. Qld., xx., 1907,
p. 28.

Hypseleotr’s compressus, Cockerell, Mem. Qld. Mus., ii , 1913, p. 59.

D. vi/10; A.11; P.15; V.i/5; C.15. Twenty-eight scales between
the upper base of the pectoral and the hypural joint, and nine between
the anterior dorsal and anal rays.

Depth at ventrals 3-2 in the length to the hypural joint; head 3-6
in the same. Eye 4:2 in the head, and 1:3 in the interorbital space ;
snout 1°2 in the eye. Fourth dorsal spine 1:7, penultimate dorsal ray 1:1,
and penultimate anal ray 1:4 in the head. Breadth at bases of pectorals
19 in the depth. Depth of the caudal peduncle 1:7 in the distance
between the last dorsal ray and the hypural joint, and 1°8 in the head.

Cheek and operculum covered with large scales, which are arranged
in about four rows on the cheeks. Rows of minute pores surround the
eyes, and extend across the cheeks and opercles, around the preopercular
border, and on each side of the mandible. Interorbital space naked,
almost flat. Anterior nostril in a short tube near the lip, the posterior a
simple opening near the upper margin of the eye. Mouth oblique, the
maxilla not nearly reaching the vertical of the anterior ocular margin ;
mandible projecting. A broad band of villiform teeth in each jaw, palate
toothless. Tongue apparently truncate anteriorly, or slightly emarginate.
Gill-openings broad, separated by a rather narrow interspace. Exposed
edge of shoulder girdle forming a curved, smooth ridge.

Body compressed, elevated, and covered with large ctenoid scales,
which extend forward to the level of the eyes, there being about fifteen
rows before the first dorsal ; they are largest on the middle of the sides,
and smallest on the breast and base of the pectoral. A large genital
papilla, which is broad and truncate posteriorly with its lateral angles
slightly produced.

First dorsal spine inserted above the end of the first third of the
pectorals ; the spines increase in length to the fourth, and the dorsal rays
increase in length to the penultimate, which extends three-fourths of its
distance from the hypural. Anal opposite and similar to the second
dorsal. Pectoral rounded, not quite reaching the vertical of the first
dorsal ray. Ventrals inserted below the base of the pectorals; the fourth
ray longest, filamentous, and reaching the ventral. Caudal damaged.

AUSTRALIAN GOBIIDE—McCULLOCH AND OGILBY. 287

Colour-marking.— Body completely bleached after long preservation
in alcohol. The spines of the first dorsal dark towards the tip; second
dorsal with some large light spots near the base and on the posterior rays.
Caudal with some obscure darker spots. For details of the colonur-
marking of fresh_specimens, see Ogilby”* and Waite.

Described from a specimen 87 mm. long, from the Clarence River,
which is believed to be one of Krefft’s typical specimens. Its history is
incomplete, but it tallies with the original deseription.

Sexual dimorphism.—Two examples in the Macleay Museum from
the Tweed River, 66-67 mm. long, exhibit sexual dimorphism similar to
that which we have described and figured under C. klunzingeri. In the
larger example the space between the snout and the dorsal fin is greatly
swollen, the profile forming a very convex curve; in the smaller specimen
these parts are normal. They agree in all other details of both form and
colour-marking, and are clearly identical with C. compressus.

Variation.—Nineteen specimens from several localities, indicate. that
this species varies considerably both in its general form and colonr-
marking. Adults of about the samesize from Jervis Bay and Port Darwin
have the depth at the ventrals 46 (C. longi) and 3:3 (C. elevutusx)
respectively, but others are more or less intermediate between these
extremes. The number of fin rays and spines, and the scales, vary as
follows: D. vi-vii/9-10; A. 10-12; Sc. long. 27-30; Se. tr. 9. The
striking colour-marking of the vertical fins as described and figured by
Ogilby and Waite is characteristic of adult specimens in breeding condition,
and it is apparently more or less developed in all fresh examples, but
may be indistinct in specimens in alcohol. Variation similar to the
foregoing was noted by Giinther in 1867.

Synonymy.—The variation in form of this species has caused several
authors to bestow a number of names upon it.

The identity of Hleotris brevirostris, Steindachner, and C. compressus,
Krefft, was recognised by O’Shaughnessy in 1875.

Though differing from its description in several important details,
the specimen in the Macleay Museum labelled as Hleotris elevutux from
Port Darwin, is evidently that on which Macleay founded the species. It
agrees well with his crude figure, and is structurally similar to C.
compressus, and exhibits traces of the characteristic markings of that
species. It has the following characters. D. vi/8?, both fins imperfect ;
A. 10; twenty-eight rows of scales between the upper base of the pectoral
and the hypural joint, and nine between the anterior dorsal and anal rays.
Depth at ventrals 3°3 in the length to the hypural joint, head 3-5 in the
same. Kye equal to the length of the snout, 4-6 in the head, and 16 in
the interocular space.

Eleotris reticulutus, Klunzinger, also from Port Darwin, is evidently.
based on a rather slender, and imperfectly marked example of U.
compressits.

23 Ogilby —Proc, Linn. Soc. N.S.Wales, xxi., 1897, p. 735.
24 Waite—Rec. Austr. Mus., v., 1904, p. 280, pl. xxxiv., fig. 1.

288 RECORDS OF THE AUSTRALIAN MUSEUM.

Three cotypes of Hleotris hunilis, De Vis, 61-93 mm. long, are, as
already noted by Waite, similar to the narrow form of C. compressus.
D. vi/10-11; A. 11; Se. longt. 28-29; Se. tr. 9. Depth 3°8-4 in the
length to the hypural joint, and subequal to the length of the head,

As noted by Waite, there is nothing in the description of Hleotris
cavifrons, De Vis (nec. Blyth) to distinguish it from C. compressus. The
substitute name FH. devisi, Ogilby, is therefore unnecessary.

Curassiops longi, Ogilby, is, as recognised by Waite, an elongate
variety of ('. compressus ; that its slender form is not of even subspecific
value is proved by the fact that some specimens secured in the same
locality as the types, are as broad as those from more northern localities.

The name (. compressus montunus, Ogilby, was proposed for slender
specimens from Killarney, Queensland, which were similar to the typical
form in all structnral details.

Locs.—We have examined specimens from the following localities.—
Clarence River, New South Wales; cotype of Vleotris compressus, Kreftt ?
Tweed River, New South Wales; Macleay Museum. Liverpool and
Marrickville, near Sydney. Jervis Bay, New South Wales; specimen
figured by Waite. Brisbane River, Queensland ; cotypes of BH. humilis,
De Vis. Mary River, Queensland, Port Darwin, North Australia ;
holotype of HB. elevatus, Macleay.

Distribution.—Eastern waters of Australia from Cape York to Jervis
Bay. Headwaters of the Condamine River, Queensland. Port Darwin.

The following species are probably related to, and possibly identical
with C. compressus.

Eleotris modesta, Castelnau, Proc. Zool. Soc. Vict., ii., 1873, p. 85. Td.,
Macleay, Proc. Linn. Soc. N.S.Wales, v., 1881, p. 620.

Dy vi/9; A.10; P. 17; V. 1/5; C0. 15. Se, log. Sr yee. me ke:
Depth a little more than 4 in the length without the caudal, head 3} in
the same. Eye 3} in the head, longer than the snout. Breadth of the
snout before the eyes equal to the distance between its extremity and the
first third of the eye.

Snout rather depressed, not broad. Mouth oblique, the maxilla not
reaching the vertical of the anterior ocular margin. Head entirely
scaly; body scales large, ctenoid and striated. Dorsal spines somewhat
filamentous. Ventrals long, inserted below the pectorals. Pectorals not
longer than the ventrals.

General colour light yellow, brownish above. A small dark shoulder
spot, and a faint dark line along the side to the tail. Some irregular
oblique transverse spots on the dorsal fins, the extremity of the second
black. Candal transversely speckled with brown.

Length. —Two inches.

This species apparently resembles LH. reticulatus, Klunzinger, from
the same locality, which we regard as synonymous with C. compressus.

Loc.—Port Darwin.

AUSTRALIAN GOBIIDH—-McCULLOCH AND OGILBY. °* 289

Hleotris simplex, Castelnau, Proc. Linn. Soc. N.S.Wales, iii., 1878, p. 49.
Id., Macleay, Ibid., v., 1881, p. 621.

D. vi/11; A.11. Se. longt. 28. Depth 4 in the length without the
caudal, and equal to the length of the head. Eye longer than the snout.

Snout short, depressed, flat above. Mouth oblique, maxilla not
reaching the vertical of the anterior ocular margin. Head, excepting the
snout, scaly ; body scales large, ctenoid, and striated. Posterior dorsal
rays produced, extending beyond the base of the caudal. Anal similar to
the second dorsal. Caudal pointed.

General colour yellow, the dorsal, anal and caudal fins marbled with
brown.

Length.—Three inches.

All the characters noted in Castelnau’s description of this species,
with the exception of that relating to the posterior dorsal rays, agree with
those of C. compressus.

Loc.—Norman River, Queensland.

Carassiops (AUSTROGOBIO) GALI, Ogilby.

Curassiops (Austrogobio) galii, Ogilby, Proc. Linn. Soc. N.S.Wales, xxii. 4,
1898, p. 788.

Carassiops galii, Waite, Rec. Austr. Mus., v., 1904, p. 281, pl. xxxiv.,
fig, 2.

Anstrogobio galit, Ogilby, Proc. Roy. Soc. Qld., xx., 1907, p. 29.

This species has been described in detail by Ogilby, and figured by
Waite. It is very similar to some varieties of C. klunzingeri; the
. predorsal scales, however, are usually larger and regular, and the dark
markings on the mediolateral scales, characteristic of C. klunzingeri, are
either indistinct or wanting.

Locs.—C. galii is common in south-eastern Queensland, and we have
examined numerous* specimens from near Brisbane. Others are in the
Australian Museum from Bundaberg, Queensland. The species has been
introduced into a pond in the Botanic Gardens, Sydney, whence the
specimens described and figured by Ogilby and Waite were obtained.

Carassiops (AUSTROGOBIO) KLUNZINGERI, Ogilby.
(Plate xxxvil.; figs. 2-3.)

Eleotris cyprinoides, Klunzinger, Arch. Naturg., xxxvili.i., 1872, p. 31,
and Sitzb. Akad. Wiss. Wien, Ixxx.i., 1879, p. 384, pl. v., fig. 2.
Id., Macleay, Proc. Linn. Soc. N.S.Wales, ix., 1884, p. 33. Id.,
Lucas, Proc. Roy. Soc. Vict. (2), ii., 1890, p. 29. Id., Weber, Zool.
Forschr. Austr., v., 1895, p. 270 (not H. cyprinoides, Cuv. & Val.).

(Carassiops) kluuzingeri, Ogilby, Proc. Linn. Soc. N.S.Wales, xxii., 1898,
p. 787 (not Hleotris klunzingerii, Pfeffer).

D. vii-viii/11-13 (12-14); A. 11-14 (12-15) ; P. 15; V.i/5-6; C. 15.
32-35 scales from above the pectoral base to the hypural joint, and 11
between the anterior dorsal and anal rays.

290 ° RECORDS OF THE AUSTRALIAN MUSEUM.

Depth at ventral fins 3°8-4°3 in the length to the hypural joint ;
head 3:4-3°6 in the same. Eye 3°4-3°8 in the head, subequal to or slightly
narrower than the interocular space. Snout 1:1-1:2 in the eye. Depth
of the caudal peduncle 2-7 in the head; its length from the last dorsal
ray to the hypural joint is slightly shorter than the head in the male,
and a little longer than it in the female.

Cheeks with rudimentary scales, operculum scaly. Numerous rows
of minute pores are present on the cheek, operculum and snout, and
surrounding the eye, preoperculum and mandible; no larger pores. Eye
of moderate size, a liftle longer than the snout. Nostrils large, simple
openings, the anterior near the lip, the posterior near the orbital margin.
Teeth microscopic, villiform, in a band in each jaw. Tongue rounded
anteriorly. Gill-openings wide, the space between the membranes about
as wide as the eye. Inner margin of the shoulder-girdle smooth.

Body moderately compressed, covered with ctenoid scales, which
extend forward to behind the eye, onto the base of the pectoral fin, and
the thorax; they are small and irregular on the nape, but become larger
backwards. Genital papilla large in both sexes. Vertebrae 3], including
the hypural.

First dorsal originating well behind the pectorals and ventrals; its
spines are low, and its margin rounded. Second dorsal higher than the
first, pointed posteriorly in the male, rounded in the female. Anal
similar to the second dorsal. Pectoral rounded, not reaching the vertical
of the vent. Ventral inserted just behind the pectoral, pointed, the
penultimate ray longest, not reaching the vent. Caudal rounded.

Colour-marking.—General colour greenish brown in formaline, the
scales of the back and sides with darker margins. A characteristic row
of dark vertical bars at the base of each scale along the middle of the
side, and a blackish axillary spot. Head dusky with microscopic dots.
Dorsal and anal fins dusky in the male with white margins and a darker
submarginal stripe; caudal dusky, ventrals and pectorals transparent.
The fins of the female may be similar to those of the male or quite
transparent.

Described from twelve specimens 29-56 mm. long, including six
males and six females, which were captured together in the Cudgegong
River at Ryleston by Mr. D. G. Stead, 18th December, 1911. They
exhibit remarkable Sexual Dimorphism which is figured on Plate xxxvii.
The adult male has the nape, occiput, and interorbita! area greatly swollen,
the upper profile of the head being so elevated that the eye is far removed
from it; the posterior rays of the dorsal and anal fins are longer than
those preceding them, and the caudal peduncle is shorter than in the
female. The eye of the female is close to the profile of the head, the
interorbital space being only slightly convex ; the dorsal and anal fins are
rounded, the third or fourth rays being longest, and the caudal peduncle
is long and slender.

Variation.—Several series of specimens from various localities between
Narrandera, on the Murrumbidgee River, New South Wales, and Eidsvold,
on the Burnett River, Queensland, prove that this species varies
considerably in the number of spines and rays in the dorsal and anal fins,
and in its scale counts. But the fact that some examples from the two

AUSTRALIAN GOBIIDH—McCULLOCH AND OGILBY. 291

extreme localities agree in these characters, while others differ, proves that
these are merely individual variations, and not subspecific characters.
This variation, as exemplified by thirty-three specimens is shown in the
following table.

Locality. ey Dorsal. Anal. Scales longt. sce
Ryleston,N.S.W. 1 8/12 (13) 14.(15) 33 11
Eidsvold, Qld. 1 8/12 (13) 13 (14) 35 11

#4 a 1 8/12 (13) 12(13) 35 11
Ryleston, N.S.W. 1 8/12(13) 11 (12) oo —
Eidsvold, Qld. i 8/11 (12) 13(14) 35 11
Ryleston, N.S.W. 1 7/13 (14) 13 (14) 33 11

. a 1 7/13 (14) 12(13) 32 11

55 1 | be (13) 13 (14) 32 11
- 1 | 7/12 13(14) 33 11
2 7/12(13) 12(13) 33 ph
1 7/12 12(13) 32 11
1 7/13 13 Nt a
1 7/13 14 iss

“ 1 7/11(12) 12(13) sil 2
Hidsvold, Qld. 1 7/12 12 30 9

A: ks 1 7/12(13) = | ee a

. 1 6/12 (13) 11 30 9

EA 1 6/12 12 30 9

> : 1 6/11(12) 11(12) 32 10

v 1 6/11(12) 11 (12) 29 9

"i - 1 6/11(12) 12(13) = a

i 1 6/11 11 (12) 29 9

4 5 6/11 11 ra 9

1 6/11 11 30 10

I 6/11 11 31 10
1 6/11 11 29 9
1 6/11 i 28 9
1 5/11 19 30 9

The scales on the nape are very large and regular in most of the
Queensland specimens, while they are usually small and irregular in
those from southern localities; but we have examples in which they are
of intermediate size from both the northern and southern parts of their
range, and a few from Hidsvold in which they are quite as small as those
from Narrandera.

Nomenclature.—If it be considered that the name C. klunzingeri,
Ogilby, 1898, is preoccupied by Hleotris klunzingerti, Pfeffer, 1893, it will
be necessary to propose a new name for this species. Since the two do
not enter the same genus, however, there appears to be no necessity for
this course.

Locs.—North Yanko, near Narrandera, Murrumbidgee River, New
South Wales; coll. David G. Stead, Jan. 1910. Ryleston, Cudgegong
River, New South Wales ; coll. David G. Stead, Dec. 1911. Pallal, Horton
River, New South Wales; coll. A. R. McCulloch. LKidsvold, Burnett
River, Queensland ; coll. Dr. Thomas R. Bancroft.

iS ore

A -
aS ae}
A : lh if
i Oe
a's .* a 7
fugit. gong te ®,
” a i

.

re

pantits

Fig.

bbl

—_

EXPLANATION OF PLATE XXXI.

Periophthalmus koelreuteri, Pallas, var. argentilineatus, Cuvier
and Valenciennes. A specimen 90 mm. long, from Sunday
Island, King Sound, North-western Australia.

Periophthalmodon barbarus, Linné. A specimen 197 mm. long,
from Cooktown, Queensland.

Leme purpurascens, De Vis. Anterior portion of a specimen
92 mm. long, from an unknown locality.

Leme mordax, De Vis. Outline of a specimen 218 mm. long,
from Ripple Creek, Herbert River, Queensland.

REC. AUSTR. MUS. VOL. XII. Piare XXXII.

PHYLLIS CLARKE, del.

me. 1.
ee
Dan

4.

EXPLANATION OF PLATE XXXII.

Scartelaos viridis, Buchanan. A specimen 136 mm. long, from
the Burnett River Heads, Queensland.

Gobiodon verticalis, Alleyne and Macleay. A specimen 47 mm,
long, from Green Island, near Cairns, Queensland.

Callogobius sclateri, Steindachner. A specimen 47 mm. long,
from Two Isles, North Queensland.

Callogobius hasseltii, Bleeker, var. mucosus, Giinther. A specimen
85 mm. long, from Port Jackson.

ee

RHC) AUSTER: MUS, VOLt Xal: Pirate XXXII.

Puywuis Crarke, del.

Rey
ge iy

Fig.

EXPLANATION OF PLATE XXXIII.

(Gobius) hinsbyi, Johnston. A specimen 86 mm. long, from
Wedge Bay, Hobart, Tasmania.

Gobius ornatus, Riippell. A specimen 84 mm. long, from Murray
Island, Torres Strait.

Mapo fuscus, Riippell. A specimen 86 mm. long, from Darnley
Island, Torres Strait.

Mapo krefftii, Steindachner. A specimen 61 mm. long, from
Port Jackson.

REC. AUSEPR. MUS., VOL, XII. Pia Xx

PuyLuis Ciarke, del.

é
9

!
ee Me

EXPLANATION OF PLATE XXXIV.

Fig. 1. Paragobiodon echinocephalus, Riippell. A young specimen 234
mm. long, from Masthead Island, Queensland.

» 2. (Gobius) semifrenatus, Macleay. A specimen 113 mm. long,
from Botany Bay, New South Wales.

» 9% Rhinogobius leftwichii, Ogilby. A specimen 66 mm. long, from
the Great Sandy Strait, Queensland.

» 4& (Gobius) lateralis, Macleay, var. obliquus, var. nov. Holotype of
the variety, 56 mm. long, from Rose Bay, Port Jackson.

REC. AUSTR. MUS., VOL. XII. Prate XXXIV.

Puytiis Ciarke, del.

EXPLANATION OF PLATE XXXV.

Fig. 1. Amblygobius phaluenu, Cuvier and Valenciennes. A specimen
77 mm. long, from Murray Island, Torres Strait.

» 2. Amblygobius bynoensis, Richardson. A specimen 92 mm. long,
from Queensland.

» 3 Waitea masilluris, Macleay. Holotype, 65 mm, long, from Port
Darwin.

REC. AUSTR. MUS., VOL. XII. Pirate XXXYV.

Qe

AX UOREPI

=—_

P , ees
ORAL CMM CCE
rk af Oe OG

RO OM

NS VAS Yy
VARA
4

ace la latte latte a NG ANCONA TG ita
A VA COU S sa She alanis —
WU VAs VY e VOU — : : ; ©)
C CC}}O}O————=—SSS i .
. as

VL bhp 0

PuHyLuis Ciarks, del.

Fig.

~

EXPLANATION OF PLATE XXXVI.

Cryptocentrus gobioides, Ogilby. Cotype of Gobius ecristatus,
Macleay, 90 mm. long, from Port Jackson.

Mugilogobius devisi, nom. nov. Cotype of Gobius stigmaticus, De
Vis, 45 mm. long, from Moreton Bay, Queensland.

(Gobius) flavescens, De Vis. A cotype, 32 mm. long, from Moreton
Bay, Queensland,

Butis amboinensis, Bleeker. A specimen 133 mm. long, from
the Brisbane River, Queensland.

REC. AUSTR. MUS., VOL. XII. PratE XXXVI.

A Stra Be

OP rae ae

Puytirs Ciarke, del.

Fig.

bo

EXPLANATION OF PLATE XXXVII.

Ptereleotris microlepis, Bleeker. Holotype of Hleotris elongata,
Macleay, 93 mm. long, from Darnley Island, Torres Strait.

Carassiops (Austrogobio) klunzingeri, Ogilby. Adult male, 57mm.
long, from the Cudgegong River, New South Wales.

Curassiops (Austrogobio) klunzingeri, Ogilby. Adult female, 42
mm. long, from the Cudgegong River, New South Wales.

Valenciennea muralis, Cuvier and Valenciennes. A specimen
109 mm. long, from Dunk Island, Queensland,

REC. AUSTR. MUS., VOL. XII. Puare XXXVILI.

WISH

Lgl

LS stealing

. nt © ay 7 y
REST Oty uesmeemaes 4 \J

Puywuiis Criarke, del.

LISTS OF HIEROGLYPHICAL SIGNS AND WORDS IN THE
FUNERARY INSCRIPTION OF NETER-NEKHT

BY
A. Rowr8

(Author of “Guide to Egyptian Antiquities in the
South Australian Museum’’).

In Plate xxvii. of the present volume I gave a complete copy of the
Kgyptian text on the coffin of Neter-Nekht in the Australian Museum, and
I now present full lists of the hieroglyphical signs and words in this
ancient inscription.

With the aid of these lists and also the English rendering of the text
printed in my former article! it should be quite a simple matter for those
interested to follow out for themselves the Egyptian words.

For sake of clearness, the pictorial words and signs in the plates are
all placed i in the same direction, and the numbers of the lines refer to the
numbers in my previously published plate.

The following transliteration of the Kgyptian inscription on the coffin
should also be found useful to the beginner :—

TRANSLITERATION OF INSCRIPTION OF NETER-NEKH'T,

Line (1) AmAKHI KHER AST, MAA-KHERU. (2) AMAKHI KHER SERQU?,
Nerer-Nekur. (3) AMAKHI KHER PaUT NeTERU NeETCHEST, Neter-Nexat
(4) aMakuI KHER NEBT-HEY, .......... (5) AMAKHI KHER PAUT NETERU AAT,
Nerer-Nekut, MAA [KHeRU]. (6) aMAKHI KHER Nouv, Nerer-Nexur. (7)
NESUT HETEP DA ANPU NEB SEPA, KHENTI NETER-HET ; DA-F TCHA-K PET, SMA-K
AR EN NETER AA, NEB PET, Nerer-Nexur, ART MING tery tek Tl. (8) NESUT HETEP
pA ANPU, DEP-DU-F, AM UT, NEB T'A-'TCHESER, QEREST NEFERT EM SEMT-AMENTET ;
KHEP-F EM HETEP, SEP-SEN, EM AS-F ENT Neter-Kuer, Nerer[-Nexut}. (9)
AMAKHI KHER Hart, NeTer.......... (10) amakuHi KHER Ges, Nerer-NEKHT.
(11) amakur er (doubtless kueR) Not, Nerer-Nexur. (12) aMAkHI KHER
Qesusennur, Nerer-Nexut. (13) Nesur HETEP DA ASAR NEB DEDDU, NETER
AA, NEB ABDU; DA-F PER-KHBRU TA, HEQT, AH, APD, MENKH, NETER-SENTHER,
MERHET, KHET NEBT NEFERT EN MER AHET, NeveR-Nexut. (14) AMAKHI KHER
AmsetHa Nerer-Nexut. (15) amakat KHER SHU, NETER-......... (16)
AMAKHI KHER Ternet, Never-Nexat. (17) amakHI KHER Duamoter,

NETER-.........

’”

1 Rowe— An Ancient Egyptian Coffin in the Australian Museum’? (Records

Australian Museum, xii., 8, 1919, p. 179.)

294. RECORDS OF THE AUSTRALIAN MUSEUM.

COFFIN OF NETER-NEKHT.
Complete list of hieroglyphical signs.

Meaning (if an

Sign Value Picture of : Line No.
ideograph)
aN a (aleph) eagle — 1c 13
A a (short) leaf ae 1-6, 8-12, 14-17
if ab chisel (?) mi 13
a ah ox’s head ox 3
T° “aman? devotee 1-6, 9-12, 14-17
* amentet feather on west 8
standard
+} am ? he whois in 8
PR Any jackal on tomb Anubis (god) 7, 8
4 apd goose’s head goose 13
a> ar eye to do, to make, 7,13
to beget
4 us seat seat 1.13
4 as ? tomb-chamber 8
— a (ayin) arm and hand ao 1.(in-*arr)
a nie bolt great a ae
ais. ar staircase staircase 7
J h foot — £0. 33
ea du hill hill §, 18
o- da hand with cake to give 13
— du arm and hand to give 7
A du cake to give 10a 2S
t ded tree trnnk part of name of 13
town (Deddn)
% dep man’s head he who is on S
* daw star part of name of = 17
god (Dua-
mutef)
— /; cerastes he, him, it 19 oy Kwa, 16,17
ray q throne — 10
> geb duck Geb (god) 10
g h coil of rope — 9, 4g
Aa hap rmdder part of name of 9
god (Hapi)
ole hetep altar offering, peace 7, 8, 15

M

=r
gg

=}

sof 2D
=

Tet

eae

aye ret

i

ks
Sa)

“¢ bal

gE

LISTS OF
Value

heyt
het

;

k

Ich
k:henti

kheru

m
m

ma, or
mu (?)
mau

menkh
mer

ner

merhet

i

neb
Nebt-het

nefer

pesut
Net
peter

[ne |iht

neter-kher
netches
WU

Nut

HIEROGLYPHICAL

Picture of

jug of ale
shrine, or house

two leaves
bowl

sieve

3 vases in stand

mace (?)
owl
z

hand with cake

reed

loom
tongue

hoe

vessel of oil

wavy line of
water

bowl
bowl on house
heart & lungs or

reed

shuttle

axe

branch of tree

axe on throne
sparrow
pot

3 pots ; sign for
heaven; female

SIGNS AND WORDS—ROWE.

Meaning (if an
ideograph)

ale, beer
house, shrine

thee, thy

governor,
dweller in

word, voice

part of name
of god (Dua-
mutef)

truth, right

linen clothes
overseer

part of word
for “‘oil’’; also
to “love”

oil

of, in, to, ete.

lord

Line No.

6}
7
1-7, 9212; 14.17
7

1-17

130,10

Nephthys(goddess)

beautiful, happy 8, 15
musical instrument

royal, king

Neith (goddess)

god, divine
strength
cemetery

small

Nut (goddess)

determinative ‘‘t”’

, 3, 0-17

2,3, 0-0, LOpd,
43,14, 16

11

Value
P
paut

per

per-kheru

pet
pe

"
gebh

qerest

serqet
8

sep
S@1L

seu

semt

siiu
sept

sh

sh ue

t

tu
tu

th
th

KECORDS OF

Picture of
square
round cake

house, enclosure

house & mace

sky

goose flying
knee

vase

sarcophagus on
sledge

mouth

back of chair

back of chair

(written wrong

way round on

coffin)

scorpiou

bolt

circle

two strokes

arrow (?)

hills or mountains

union of repro-
ductive organs

centipede (?)

tank (7)

ostrich feather

cake

cake
land

tongs

Y

Meaning (if an

ideograph)

company

to come forth
a coming forth at
the voice

heaven

part of name of

god (Qebh-

sennuf)
burial ; sarco-
phagus

a goddess

a time, a season
twice

part of name of
god (Qebhsen-
nuf), and of
* incense.”’
country

to unite

part of name of
town (Sepa)

Shu (god)

cake offering

land

rHE AUSTRALIAN MUSEUM.

Line No.

Yak

ios

ag

15
Le
1-3, 5-8, 10-11,

13,16, '37
13

Sign

a) * eee

]

K.

LISTS OF HIEROGLYPHICAL

Picture of

Value

tcheser

tchu fire-stick (7)

u chicken of the
quail

ul mummy banda

utchul sucred eye of

god Horus

hand with mace

SIGNS AND WORDS—ROWERE.

Meaning (if an
ideograph )

holy, sacred 5

ges embalmiment 8

protection

Line No.

(on eastern side

of coffin)

WORD DETERMINATIVES (not pronounced).

Picture and
Determinative of

town

hills or mountains

building

land
land
three strokes

three dots
pair of legs

roll of papyrus tied up
standard

sky

boat

Remarks

has the value of “if,” but
when written after names
of towns is not pro-
nounced

usual value of “seit,” ete. ;
when used as a determin-
ative, not pronounced

not to be confused with
‘“ner’’—to come forth

sign of plural

also sign of plural

indicates action with legs,
such as walking, running,
etc.

sign of the abstract
names of gods and god-
desses sometimes written
on standards

although in most cases
used as word for “heaven”
it is also used as an un-
pronounced determina-
tive, c.f., the word “Nut”
(the sky-goddess)

indicates a journey by
water

og

5
‘

RECORDS OF THE AUSTRALIAN MUSEUM.

COFFIN

OF NETER-NEKHT.

Complete vocabulary of hieroglyphical words.

A (aleph)
aht

A (short)
Abdu

ah

Amsethu

ait

amalkhi

amentet

Anpu
apd

ari
Ast

as
Asur
A (ayin)

au )
aat 5

ar
D

da

da

da
Deddu
Duamutef

du
dep

dep du-f

I"

farm-lands

Abydos (town)

oxen

Amsetha (god)

dweller in

devotee

western hills

Anubis (god)
geese

begotten of
Isis

tomb-chamber

Osiris

great

staircase

to give
to give
to give
Busiris

Duamutef (god)

hill

be who is on

he who is on his hill

he, him, it, his

13

8

1-6, 9-12, 14-17

Line No.

LISTS OF HIEROGLYPHICAL SIGNS AND

Hapi
heqt

hetep
hetep

hetep sep sen

Kv
I

KH
I:henti

khep

kher

kheru
(maa-kheru)

kh et
I:het nebt

M

env
neaad

maa-kheru
menkh
mer

mer chet

merhet

Geb (god)

Hapi (god)
ale

offering
peace

‘peace, times twice’? = in
peace, in peace

thee, thy

governor of, dweller in

to journey

before

word
right of word

things
“ things all”? = everything

in
right
right of word

linen garments
overseer

overseer of farm lands

oil

WORDS—ROWE. 299

Line No.
10

8

1-6,9,10,12,14-17

1,13
i

13
13

300

RECORDS OF THE AUSTRALIAN MUSEUM.

neb
nebt
Nebthet
netert
nefert
wesut

nvesut
hetep
da

Net

Neter-Nekht
Neter-Nekht
Neter-Nekht|

neler

neteru
veter-hel
neler-kher
neter-senther

netchest
Nut

Pp
pe ut

per-kheru

per-kheru tu heqt

pet

()

‘
QWebhsen i uf

qerest

of, in
lord
all (also, lady)

Nephthys
beautiful
beautiful
royal, king

may the king give an
offering

Neith (goddess)

name of the deceased

god, divine
gods

divine honse
cemetery
incense

little

sky-goddess

company

a coming forth at the voice

cake and ale offerings which
come forth at the voice

heaven

a god

burial: coffin

Line No.

7,8
7, 8,13
13

~I

SE ag

LISTS OF HIEROGLYPHICAL SIGNS AND WORDS—ROWE.

R
er (or, 7) (anab- before
breviation for

kher).
S
semt-amentet mountains of the west
‘sma to unite
sen twice
sep a time
sep-sen times twice
Sepa a town
Serget a goddess
SH
Shu a god
ap
ta cake
tu land
Ta-Tcheser “ Holy Land ”
Lefret a goddess
.. tt latter portion of name of

deceased’s parent (per-
haps KHATT)

TCH (or, DJ)

tchu to traverse, to sail’
tcheser see “ Ta-Tcheser.”” The
latter word means
“holy.”
U
ut mummy chamber

Line No.

11

ie.)

[\3} Nf tee) (ee) Yoo

(o8)

301

r. ‘> s i]

a ew : ’ it
sl 1 ri Ne
ris a iy roy

bak iy oat 8 :
in ray ant Ah;
My a a

aa
- y y

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