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V.64
1903

71694

Southern planter

I

71694

This book must not be
taken from the Library
building.

"DEVOTED TO

.vICVLTURt, HORTICULTVRE,
RVCKING.LIVLJ-TOCK

VJ^OVTH^-RN ^IMT^Ks TVBI;Mm CO

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ALWAYS READY TO

STAET, SAW WOOD,
PUMP WATEE, SHELL

CORN. From IJ Horse
Power to 50 Horse Power.

Mounted on Wheels or
Not.

IP YOU DO NOT OWN
A GASOLINE ENGINE
IT MUST BE BECAUSE

YOU HAVE NEVER
KNOWN WHAT THEY

ABE. WHAT THEY
WILL DO, A.ND HOW
ECESSARY THEY
ABE.

others.

RICHMOND ENGINE AND PUMP COMPANY^ Richmond^ Va.

X>OOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOC<X^OOOO»OOOOOOOOOOO0O<X

FOR^B TOBACCO CROP

■USE

"STAR

BRAND"

ALLISON & ADDISON,

;>ooooooooooooooo^

GUANO,

IT'S THE BE5T.

BRANCH VrRQINIA-

CAROLINA CHE.MICaL CO.

MANUFACTURERS

The Southern Planter.

DEVOTED TO

PRACTICAL AND PROGRESSIVE AGRICULTURE, HORTICULTURE,
TRUCKING, LIVE STOCK AND THE FIRESIDE.

Agriculture U the nursing mother of the Arts.— XENOPHON.
Tillage and pasturage are the two breasts of the State.~SULLY.

64th Year.

Richmond, January, 1903.

No. 1.

1903.

In our opening article in the issue for January, 1902,
we remarked that a new era was opening up for the
farmers of the South, and commenting on this said :
" This era has in it more promise for the future than
any which has preceded it since the country was first
settled. The South, in the near future, is to become
not merely the producer of raw staple crops as in the
past, but the manufacturer of these raw staples into
finished products in the shape of cotton cloth, beef,
mutton, hog meat, milk, butter, and tl e high priced
luxuries of the table in the shape of fruits and vegeta
bles. We shall have at home a market for a large part
of these products, and we shall also have manufactured
at home and largely from home produced materials,
the mills, machinery and means for the making and
transport of our surplus products. To the farmer,
this development of our resources means a call for a
higher degree of intelligence, a more perfect under-
standing of the laws governing the successful produc
tion of crops, and the profitable conversion of those
crops into the finished products ; and above all, it
means the conversion of the farmer into a successful
business man. It means the utilization of all the pro-
ducts of the soil in the most economical manner, so
that that which is produced with labor, which means
cost, shall return its cost back to the pocket of the
producer with the largest profit capable of being real
ized. To accomplish these results, it will be necessary
for the farmer to understand much more thoroughly
the laws governing the growing of crops and the feed
ing of the same, so that they may be made to yield
maximum returns ; and it will also require that the

science of live stock husbandry shall be better under-
stood than ever in the past. The farmer of the South,
in order to meet the demands which this development
of her manufacturing indostries is going to entail, will
require to understand how to breed and feed the thou •
sands of fat cattle, sheep and hogs, which the workers
in her mines and factories are going to consume, and
how to secure from the cows the milk and butter which
the households of these workers are going to demand.
In the past, the North and the West have largely sup-
plied even the requirements of the farmers themselves
in these respects, and have met practically the whole
demands of the cities. The result is seen in the wasted
character of most of our lands and the constant com-
plaint of thousands of farmers that " farming does not
pay."

Every day that has passed since these words were
written has only tended to confirm and emphasize
what we then said. The marvellous development of
Southern prosperity, the constantly increasing num-
ber of our manufacturing plants, and the daily increas
ing numbers of our people, who find highly remunera-
tive employment in these plants, and to obtain which
leave the country and take up their residence in the
cities and towns, has worked almost a revolution in
the condition of agriculture in the South. Thousands
who were producers of agricultural staples are now
consumers of these articles, and with their increased
prosperity are, together with the long-time residents of
the cities and town, consumers, not only of the staples
but largely of the luxuries of life. In the era now past
a very large proportion of the staple necessities of
life for the people of the South, in the shape of beef,
mutton, baoon. lard, butter and cheese, have been gap

71694

D. H. HILL LIBRARY

North Carolina State CoFlege

THE SOUTHBBN FLANTEB.

I January

plied from the North and West, and the opinion has
been held that the South conld not produce these ne
oeesitiee profitably in competition with the North and
West. The wonderful prosperity of the whole conn-
try and the changed conditions of the West, where the
area of free range for live stock ha? been so much cur
tailed by settlement and conversion of the lands into
enclosed farms, has completely changed the conditions
affecting the production of the staple products of the
West, and caused them to so advance in price as to ren-
der it beyond question that the South can well afford to
produce these articles, and in addition many of the lux
uries of life, if only our farmers will equip themselves
for the task. This equipment means not merely
the establishment of herds and flocks to supply the
beef, mutton, bacon, milk and butter which the people
need, but the knowledge to enable them to make the
change in their system of farming which these herds
and flocks will entail if their management is to be
profitable. The census returns go to show that the
acquisition of live stock in the South is already mak-
ing considerable headway and creeping up gradually
in numbers to those which existed in the South before
the West was opened out to settlement, and when the
South, East and North made their supplies at home.
In 1850 Virginia, including West Virginia, had
J17,619 dairy cows. In 1870, this number had been
reduced to 188,471. In 1890, the number had increased
to 281,876. In 1850, Virginia had 758,658 other cat
tie. In 1870, this number had beenireduced to 323,272.
In 189D, the number had grown to 543,636. In 1850,
Virginia had 1,310,004 sheep. In 1870, the number
was 370,145. In 1890, the number had grown to
392,125. In 1850, Virginia had 1,829,848 hogs. In
1870, the number was 674,670. In 1890, this number
had grown to 946,443. North Carolina had in 1850
221,799 dairy cows. In 1870, the number was 196,731.
In 1890, this number had increased to 233,178. In
1850, North Carolina had 471,711 other cattle. In
1870, this number had been reduced to 324,431. In
1890, this number had increased to 391,340. In 1850,
North Carolina had 595,249 sheep. In 1870, thia num-
ber had been redribed to 463,435. In 1890, the num-
ber was 208,812. In 1850, North Carolina had 1,812,813
hogs. In 1870, the number had been reduced to
1,075,215. In 1890, the number had increased to
1,300,469. South Carolina had in 1850 193,244 dairy
oows. In 1870, this number had been reduced to
98,693. In 1890, the number had increased to 126,684.
In 1850, South Carolina had 584,442 other cattle. In
1870, this number had been reduced to 150,610. In
1890, the number had increased to 316,214. In 1850,
South Carolina had 285,551 sheep. This number has
decreased each decennium until in 1890 the number
was only 52,436. In 1850, South Carolina had 1,065,503 Mention the Soiohem Flanter to yonr ftienda.

hogs. In 1870, this number had been reduced to
395,999. In 1890, this number had increased to 618,995.
Coincidentally with this increase, there has undoubt-
edly been a great improvement in the quality of the
animals kept.

This improvement has been much more marked in the
last decennium than in any other period, and it would
not probably be an exaggeration to say that the aver-
age increase in weight of the carcasses of beef, mut-
ton and hogs has been increased nearly one fourth,
and in productive capacity in milk and butter of the
dairy cows of nearly the same quantity. The South
is yet a long way behind the West and North in the
average quality of the stock kept, and, as a conse-
quence, a long way behind those sections in the aver-
age profit made in handling stock. To overcome these
drawbacks has been one of the objects which TJie
Planter has kept steadily in view ever since it came
into our hands. We have striven month by month
to bring before the farmers of the South the necessity
for attention to live stock husbandry and the im-
portance of this factor in the improvement of our
lauds and the economic condition of the farmers. To
secure this end, we have striven to encourage the read-
ing habit amongst farmers by reducing the cost of thia
journal to a minimum and by making it the medium
through which the experts and master minds in live-
stock husbandry should popularize their teachings.
We have in this way sought to overcome the prejudice
so deeply rooted In the South against so-called "book
farming," and by making the journal the exponent of
practical as against theoretical farming have endeav-
ored to evoke an intelligent and understanding com-
prehension of the science of agriculture, so that in-
stead of working by "rule of thumb," farmers may
work in the light of the rules of science and practice.
This issue we have made a special live stock number,
and illustrated it with pictures of some of the leading
breeds of live stock adapted to Southern conditions.
The articles accompanying these pictures are written
by leading experts In the particular lines which they
treat upon, and we are satisfied that the information
to be found In this Issue will be of constantly increas-
ing value to every reader. It is our intention during
the year to continue our monthly talks on " Work for
the Month," and our replies to questions through the
"Enquirers' Column," and to make each department
of the journal as full of information on the particular
specialty therein dealt with as our limits will allow.
We appeal to our friends to give us their assistance
In increasing the circulation of The Planter, assuring
them that our whole concern and thought will be to
advance the prosperity of Southern farmers.

1903]

TEE 80UTHBEN PIlAJTEBB.

Farm Management.

WORK FOR THE MONTH.

The higher range of valaes for all agricaltural pro
ducts which has now continued for more than two
years still holds good ; indeed, in respect to some of
these, prices have still further advanced during the
year just closing, and this satisfactory condition of
affairs for the farmer will, we think, be not likely to
floon come to an end, certainly not so long as labor
continues to be so well employed as at present. The
consumption of all the staple products of the farm,
and of most of the luxuries, some of which, like to
bacco, we produce largely in the South, is enormous,
and it would require an immense overproduction of
these to seriously affect market values whilst business
<3ontinue8 good. Whilst we have had large wheat and
oat crops, and an immense corn crop, yet these, and
especially corn, came at a time when there was no
large surplus held over from previous years; indeed.
In the case of corn, when there was an immense defi-
cit caused by the failure of the crop a year ago. The
supplies of fat stock of all kinds are short, and are
likely to continue so for years, as the great source
from whence these come — the West — was compelled a
year ago to sacrifice, in a half fat or store condition,
immense numbers of animals which should have been
held over for this and next year.

Until the deficit thus caused is made good, which
will be a slow process whilst consumption con
tinues so large as during the past year, prices must
remain good. When prices are high, the temptation
to sell stock which should be held over either for
breeders or for better finishing is too great to be re
sisted, and hence the progress of recuperation of
stocks is a slow one. Dairy products have advanced
in price since the unfair competition of oleomargerine
has been destroyed or largely curtailed, and this ad
vance is likely to hold and make further progress.
With such a prospect before them, we see no reason
why farmers should not prepare to make large crops
during the year now commencing, and especially so
with those crops which are to be converted on the
farm into meat or dairy products. This is the true
line on which farmers should seek to develop their re
sources, as it will not only result in the securing of a
better return for their labors, but will also result in
continued improvement of the fertility of the farm.
The one difficulty which largely confronts South-
ern farmers is the labor question. Thousands of col-
ored hands have left the country districts, and found
employment in the large cities and towns, and on the
railroads, and this exodus of labor is going to continue
BO long as trade continues good. The only way to meet

it is to turn large areas of arable land into permanent
grass and meadows and to make use largely in the
working of the arable land and of the meadows, of the
labor saving machinery which has been invented and
put on the market at such reasonable prices. With
this machinery hands can be dispensed with and
better work be done and crops be made and saved at
less cost than ever in the past. Another means of sav-
ing cost must be found In the production of larger
crops on the same area of land. This will be found
easy when the crops are largely converted into meat
and dairy products on the farm, resulting in a larger
production of home-made manure, which is the best
and cheapest fertilizer which a farmer can use, and
which. If supplemented where needed with commer-
cial fertilizer, will easily result In doubling our pres-
ent crops without adding one acre to the land under
cultivation. The cost of making and saving a crop
of 40 bushels of wheat, or of 50 bushels of corn to
the acre, will be found to be very little more than
that of making and saving our present meagre crops
of 12 or 15 bushels of wheat and 15 to 25 bushels of
corn to the acre. The secret of this Increased pro-
duction to the acre will be found in better prepara-
tion of the land before planting, and In the use of
farm-yard manure and the leguminous crops to sup-
ply humus to the soil. The profitable conversion of
these crops into money lies in the use of better bred
live stock, which will mature in half the time re-
quired by the present scrub stock, and which will
make meat and dairy products always commanding
the top figure on the market. In this issue we have
brought together a large mass of information as to
these better bred animals with pictures of typical spe-
cimens of the breeds. We bespeak for this matter
the careful study of our readers. It means thousands
of dollars In the pockets of Southern farmers and a
complete change in the appearance of thousands of
acres of land.

The work that can be done on the land during
the present month is usually small, as it is the one
month in the year when, if we are to have any win-
ter we are pretty certain to get It ; yet In the major-
ity of years there are days even In this month when
plowing can be done and the clearing up of land
intended to be cropped can make progress, if only
labor can be secured. The N«w Year's holiday, how-
ever, largely prevents any reliance being placed on the
hands till towards the close of the month. It is well,
therefore, not to attempt much beyond seeing that
abundant supplies of feed are kept on hand at the barn

THE SOUTHERN PLAITTKB.

[January

convenient for fee«iing, so that if any hard weather
Bhonld set in there will be no fear of the stock suflFer
ing. If the weather be mild and the land dry enough,
plowing should be done, so as to lessen work later in
the spring. Let this work be done thoroughly. Plow
deep, and where possible and the subsoil is a good clay
one, subsoil as well. In plowing land deep so as to
add depth to the soil, do not turn the furrow slice
completely over, but leave it on edge, so that the new
soil may be mixed with the old soil in working. New
soil brought from the bottom of the furrow will not
produce large crops until thoroughly serated and dis
integrated by the action of the weather, and this takes
time ; hence, this deep plowing should not be done
late in the spiing. The mixing of the old and new
soil tends to hasten the fitting of the soil for crop pro-
duction, and hence the importance of bo plowing as to
admit of this. The value of subsoiling where the sabsoil
is a good one, is not half appreciated as it ought to be.
It breaks loose the hard pan nearly always to be found
where shallow plowing has been the rule for years,
and renders this permeable by the rainfall where the
water is stored for the use of the crop in the summer.
It makes largely available inert plant food in the
shape of phosphoric acid and potash, which is always
present in the soil in more or less abundance, and only
requires the action of th« atmosphere, water and humic
acid supplied from decaying vegetable matter to be
come available for the necessities of the crop. Our
own experience has convicced us that in every case
except where the subsoil is sandy or leachy, subsoiling
may be done with profit.

Whenever the land is dry enough to haul on, get
out farm yard manure and top-dress wheat, oats or
grass land, or apply it on the land newly plowed and
which is to be put in crop in the spring. The mineral
fertilizers, acid phosphate and potash, may be applied
along with the manure on the plowed land without
fear of loss, and then the whole can be worked in to
gether later in the spring, and thus much time be
saved. Farm yard manure is much better on the land
than leaching away in the farm-yard and pens.

Glean up land intended to be cropped which has
laid untilled for years. Whatever is done in this way
let it be done thoroughly. Qet out all stumps and
haul off all rocks. Left on the land they only serve
to harbor weeds, briers, insects and fungoid diseases,
and are a constant hindrance to good cultivation. Use
the rocks to repair the roads. Let all fences be re
paired and make them straight. An old worm fence
which is insufficient to turn stock, will often supply
rails enfficient to make a new straight fence capable
of turning any stock. Set posts the length of the rails

apart and fasten four or five rails to these posts, holdings
them in place by running a piece of plain fence wire
from the bottom to the top of the post on one side.
Fasten the wire to the post with staples, making loops'
to hold the rails in the proper places.

All wet places should be drained and ditches b&
cleaned out so as to give a quick fall to the water and
a good outlet. In putting in drains put them in deep^
three feet to three feet six inches is little enough. It
is the underlying water which requires to be got rid
of. The surface water will soon enough find its way
off the land when there is no underlying strata of
water to keep it on the surface.

Fill the ice house at the first opportunity. The firab
opportunity is often the last in the South. Use plenty
of sawdust in packing the ice. It is the surest pre-
servative against waste.

On wet and stormy days clean up, repair and paint
all tools and implements. Time spent in this way
will be money saved.

RANDOn NOTES,

Pecans — Sorrel — Timothy in South Carolina —
Alfalfa — Lettuce Qrowing, Etc.

Editor Southern Planter :

Tour types in the December number make me say
just what I did not intend to say. I meant to say that
I agreed with you in not advising the planting of pe-
cans outside the cotton belt.

Mr. Knapenberger is right in saying that the pres-
ence of acid plants, like sheep sorrel, is not neces-
sarily an indication that the land is sour. The acid in
the sorrel does not come from the soil, but is one of
the results of the assimilative action of the green
leaves, and comes from the air. But there is no doubt
that some plants can abide acidity in the soil, while
others cannot. The soil that grows sorrel may be acid,
and if this is the case, it will not grow clover well, for
the microbes that live on the clover roots cannot thrive
in an acid soil. Then, frequently the best means for
banishing the sorrel is to introduce, through liming,
the conditions favorable to the clover, and thus
smother out the sorrel. If I had land infested with
sorrel, I would test it for acidity with blue litmus pa-
per, and if found to be acid, I would have a short road
to banishing the sorrel. Get a heavy growth of clover
on the land and the sorrel will have no chance.

I think that your correspondent in Lexington county,
S. C, will find that timothy will make but one crop
there after seeding, and the summer will kill it out>

1903]

THE BOUTHERN PL ANTES.

He had better use red top and meadow fescae, and get
far better reenlts than from timothy in his climate.
The fescue will make the main part of the first cutting
and the red top will give him a late mowing. I saw a
beautiful piece of alfalfa the past summer at Athens,
Oa., on a mellow red clay loam, and was told that it
was cut five times during a season. At Occoneechee
Farm, near Hillsboro, N. C, Colonel Carr has a large
field of alfalfa on red clay upland which has been pro
ductive now for a number of years. There is no doubt
that as the conditions for success are better understood
in the South, alfalfa will be largely grown, and with
plenty of hay from alfalfa and the cow pea, we may
hope to see stock feeding grow in importance in the
cotton country.

I had rather have strychnine and a good shot gun
for sheep killing dogs than any dog law that was ever
put on the statute books.

My frame lettuce is rapidly being destroyed by the
etem-rot fungus. It is largely due, I believe, to the
use of heavy applications of fertilizer in which the
nitrogen came from cotton seed meal. Where none of
this was put I have no rot. Then, too, I made the
mistake of not changing the soil in the frames, but
planted the same soil that was used last winter. The
result is, that I shall lose fully half the crop, and as I
am now getting 75 cents a dozen, this means quite a
loss. Old lettuce soil and cotton seed meal fertilizer
have been responsible. Hereafter we will get nitrogen
for our lettuce fertilizer, either from fish scrap or
dried blood. Stable manure seems to have the same
effect in promoting fungus that the cotton seed meal
has.

That potato yarn Mr. Jefifers reports where four po
tatoes weighing 8i lbs. tilled a barrel, is rather thin. It
takes 150 lbs. of sweet potatoes to make a barrel. We
had one that weighed a fraction over 9 lbs., and it
would have been a small barrel that four such would
have filled. The quince Mr. J. tells about is probably
the Chinese quince. It is too tender for the North,
but should be grown largely from Mar j land, south
ward. W. F. Massey,

Editor of Practical Farmer.

FERTILIZERS DO NOT REPLACE TILLAGE.

Editor Southern Planter :

A most common mistake of farmers is to expect too
much of fertilizers, due to no little extent no doubt to
the extravagant claims made by many fertilizer deal-
ers. Fertilizers are simply a form of concentrated ma
nnre, and their use arose largely from the fact that not
enough farm yard manure can be made on the average
farm to keep the soil in good condition. Careful til-
lage is just as important with fertilizeis as with farm-

yard manure. It is true that fertilizers do not stock
up a soil with all kinds of weed seeds, but keeping the
soil pulverized and porous and the maintenance of the
earth mulch is not the less important on this account.

Farm yard manures are more or less a complete
manure ; and while it is true that the potash and phos-
phates contained in same become available as plant-
food much less rapidly than the nitrogen, still a large
proportion ultimately become serviceable to growing
plants. This is the point too generally overlooked by
farmers in buying fertilizers. Figured on a fertilizer
formula, manure contains equal percentages of potash
and nitrogen, and half as much phosphoric acid. Fer-
tilizers need not follow these proportions closely be-
cause the nitrogen is needlessly large when we con-
sider the enormous quantities stored in soils by plants
of the clover family. So far as the mineral plant food
elements are concerned, and by mineral plant food is
commonly meant potash and the phosphates, it is very
probable that farm yard manure represents closely
the actual needs of average crops.

This is the point to establish clearly before we go on
the subject of tillage. If the fertilizers are unsuitable
for the crop, tillage of itself can do nothing. The cor-
rect balancing of the plant- food in fertilizers must be
studied with reference to the actual needs of crops in
plant food, and the largest crop it is hoped to make.
A well balanced fertilizer for 20 bushels of corn per
acre, for example, cannot make 40 bushels. Farmers
must read and study out these points for themselves.
The problem is neither intricate nor difficult, simply
a matter of studying t^e composition of crops, being
particular to take the whole crop growth into consid-
eration, for plant-food is as much required to make the
roughage as to make the valuable sale portion, and
the one cannot be grown without the other.

The function of tillage is to prepare soil conditions
lavorable to the germination of seed ; that is, to keep
the soil open and porous, and well pulverized, and
even. It also serves to conserve moisture by the well
known earth mulch, by keeping an even soil texture,
and by keeping down the growth of weeds which use
moisture thus robbing the valuable plants. Tha func
tlon of fertilizer is the same as that of manure of
all kinds. It simply supplies plant food — nitrogen,
potash and phosphoric acid. Plant food can do little
without tillage, tillage can do nothing without plant-
food. These are things to keep In mind.

As mentioned before, the composition of the fertil-
izer Is Important, for plants must have certain pro
portions of the three elements, and no great excess of
any one, or of any two for that matter, can make up
for the scarcity of any one of them. On this account,
It Is of first Importance to study the composition of
the fertilizers used.

P. J. Christian.

THE SOUTHERN PLAITTEB.

[January

ENQUIRER'S COLUMN.

Bnqairiee shoald be sent to the office of 7^ Southern Planttr
Sichmond, Va., not later than the 15th of the month, for re
pliee to appear in the next month's issue of the Planter.

Utilization of Dead Animals,

Please describe in your answers to queries some
ea^y and practical way by means of which the farmer
can utilize the bodies of dead animals as fertilizers,
and nob turn them over to the dogs and vultures. A
large quantity of nitrogenous material is wasted in
this way each year on every farm.

Lackawanna Co., Pa. Thos. A. Kay, M. D.

The only means of utilizing the dead carcasses of
animals so that they may be efifectually converted into
fertilizer without becoming offensive or a nuisance, is
to put them into a tank and pour sulphuric acid over
them. This will dissolve the flesh and bones, and the
resultant matter can then be mixed with dry soil and
be then applied to the land. There is, however, con
BiderabJe risk in thus dealing with them, as the hand-
ling of the acid is dangerous work unless provided
with proper appliances. Some farmers dispose of
carcasses by placing them in a pit and covering with
qaick lime and soil. This process is slower than with
the acid, but much safer. Probably the easiest and
Bafeet way to dispose of animals which have died
from disease, is to burn them. In this way all traces
and germs of the disease are destroyed and the result
ing ashes can be used as a fertilizer. In any event,
dead carcasses should not be left about the farm for
dogs and buzzards to consume. The practice of thus
disposing of them is the prolific cause of the dissemi
nation of disease amongst animals. We have had
positive evidence of hog cholera being thus carried
from one fai m to another by buzzards. We would
like to see a law passed making it compulsory to de-
stroy every buzzard in the country. If we had no
buzzards, farmers would bury or burn their dead ani-
mals and danger of the spread of disease would be
lessened. — Ed.

Fall and Winter Plowing.

1. I notice that The Planter is an advocate of faU
plowing on general principles, but as there is a diver
sity of opinion as to how far fall plowing should be
practiced, I would ask the Editor if, in his opinion,
such plowing should be done in all cases.

2. A field on which wheat is grown is covered in the
fall with weeds and grass which will make a mnlch
through the winter in case one doesn't care to put
in grain to farm a mulch, would it be best to plow
under the trash in the fall or leave it as a mulch, at
least till late wint«r t

3. Another piece of rather heavy land of low fer
tility, having a tendency to run together and wash, is
covered with a light coat of grass and weeds, en9ngh to

prevent washing. Would this land be benefited by fall
plowing, in case no grain crop is sown 1

As the above described fields are typical of large
sections of the South, with slight variations, consider-
ation of the subject will no doubt prove helpful t*
others as well as myself.

Surry Co. , Va. J. A. Moobe.

1. There is, no doubt, a diversity of opinion as to the
wisdom of fall and winter plowing of land in a coun-
try where the winter is usually mild, but our own opin-
ion is strongly in favor of the practice for reasons
which we have fully explained in numerous articles-
Wherever the work can be done early enough to per-
mit of the sowing of a winter-growing crop we would
always seed such a crop because of its value as a con-
server of fertility and maker of humus, which almost
all Southern lands need even more than fertilizer.

2. We would turn down the grass and weeds before-
they seed in order to lessen the plague of weeds which
make so much unnecessary work and rob the soil. If
allowed to remain on the surface until winter they
will have shed their seed and make work and rob the-
soil of fertility. Weeds consume plant food and mois-
ture just as surely as profitable crops, and make>
no return for what they take.

3. The way to cure this land of its tendency to wash
and run together, if both conditions can exist simulta-
neously, which is doubtful, is to plow it deeply and
get it filled with humus. Therefore it should be plowed
deeply early enough to seed, in a winter growing legu-
minous croj) to be turned down in the spring. — Ed.

Service of Sow.

I notice your reply in the December number of the
Planter to G. W. B., of Middlesex county, with refer-
ence to the number of times a sow may drop a litter
of pigs within ten months. You said that a sow will
usually accept service within a week after dropping^
pigs. Ton will please tell us in the January number
of the Planter how she is brought in heat so soon.

Mecklenburg Co., Va. A Subscriber.

The sow (like a mare) will naturally accept service
within a week after farrowing. There is no necessity
to use any artificial means. — Ed.

Canada Peas.

Having read the article in the December issue of
the Planter about Canada peas sowed for hogs, I hav»
ordered 3 bushels to plant on a trial basis.

How do you prepare them for feed 1 Do you turn
the hogs in on them while in a green state, or cut them
like oats and feed them 1 How many bushels per acre
is a good crop of them 1

Baltimore, Md. S. D. JONES.

This crop is usually grown for a hog pasture, iur
which case the hogs should be turned in as soon as the
peaa are about half grown in the pods. They will then

1M3.]

THE BOTJTHBEN PLABTBE

consume both the vines and pods. If grown for hay,
of which it makes a fine quality, cut when the peas are
fully formed but before they commence to ripen and
then the vines can be saved with the leaf on them.
Always have the crop off the ground before the hot
weather sets in or it will likely be lost. The crop may
be cut for green feed like Crimson clover or oats, if
desired.

It is not a suitable crop to grow for seed in the
South, as before the peas ripen the hot weather causes
mildew to attack it, and when this starts the whole
crop is soon lost. — Ed.

Grazing Wheat.

We are asked as to the advisability of grazing wheat.
Wherever wheat has made a strong growth ejfrly in the
winter it is a good practice to graze it with calves and
sheep whenever the land is dry during the winter and
up to about the 1st of April. It should not, however,
be grazed too close. The effect of grazing is to make
the plant tiller and spread over the field. — Ed.

A Dark Cow Barn.

A lady in Patrick county, Va., writes us that her
husband has built a barn in part of which he has a
cow stable, but has made no provision for lighting the
stable except a small hole into each stall. She says
the cows object to go Into it, atjd one can scarcely see
how to milk them. She wants to know if this is a
proper place for cows.

In reply, we would say that such a place is no more
fit to keep cows in than it would be for a human be-
ing to live in. Sunlight, daylight and plenty of fresh
air are as essential to the health and welldoing of live
stock of any kind as they are for mankind. Cattle
kept in such a barn as this can never long be healthy.
The surest destroyer of all disease germs is sunlight.
— Bd.

Lightening a Clay Soil.

I have some clay galls I am going to cover with rot
ten sawdust and plow under, and then apply ground
silica, barrow and sow in cow peas, or soy beans.

1. How much silica would you advise to put to the
acret

2. Would you sow before or after plowing ?
Cleveland, Tenn Henry D. Ayee.

1. As the only effect of the silica will be a mechan
leal one, you may apply such a quantity as, in your
judgment, you think will sufficiently lighten and dis-
integrate the clay, so as to make it more of a loamy
nature.

2. We would apply after plowing and harrow it into
he clay soil. — Ed.

Lame Horse.

I have a horse that is lame in one of his hind legs.
It seems to be hip joint lameness. Can you give me a
remedy for it? I have tried several liniments, and
nothing I have tried has relieved him. There is no
swelling or enlargement anywhere on th« leg, but he
is lame when he trots. It does not affect his work only
in driving.

King and Queen Co., Va. E. J. Vatighan.

If the trouble really be in the hip joint, it is doubt-
ful whether any treatment will be of service now. To
prevent permanent lameness from hip joint injury the
remedy should be applied at once after the injury,
and even then the result is doubtful. A long period
of rest is absolutely essential. A shoe with high heels
should be fitted, and hot water fomentations should
be frequently applied to the part, and mercurial oint-
ment be well rubbed in. — Ed.

Pasture Grasses for Light Land.

I have some rather steep land that is loose and in-
clined to wash, which I want to set in grass next
spring for pasture. What variety of grass do you re-
commend? How would Johnson grass do? Is it a
good pasture and hay grass ! I want something that
will make a good sod and prevent the land from
washing.

Bristol, Tenn. SuBSCEiBEE.

Plow the land deeply, and thus make it possible for
the water to get down into the subsoil instead of wash-
ing off the surface soil. Work fine, and then seed in
March or April or in August or September a mixture
of the following grasses: Orchard grass, perennial rye,
Virginia blue, meadow fescue and Hungarian brome.
Sow at the rate of three bushels to the acre. Johnson
gra-s is not adapted to such land as this. It should
be sown on level loamy land, where it can remain
permanently and will not encroach on other arable
land. It makes gaod bay when cut before maturity,
and also good grazing. It is closely related to the
sorghums, and grows much like them, but makes long
jointed underground stems like wire grass.— Ed.

The two most potent factors in a country's progress
are roads and schools. And they arc inseparable,
where one is really good the other will not long remain
bad, and where one is neglected the other is not found
much in advance. — Southern School and Home

If I had some magic gift to bestow, it would be to
make our country youth see one truth, namely, that
science as applied to the farm, the garden and the
forest has as splendid a dignity as astronomy; that it
it may work just as many marvels and claim as high
an order of talent. — John Graham Brooks.

TAB 80UTHEEU PLAITTEB.

[Jan nary

Trucking, Garden and Orchard.

WORK FOR THE MONTH.

Not much work of any kind can be done in the gar
den or orchard daring this month, except completing
the clearing np and breaking of land which has been
In late fa!l crops. Let this work be done effectually.
Leave no trash, weeds, or wasted vegetables or stalks
on the gronnd, bnt bnrn them np and thus remove all
winter hiding places for insects, and destroy their eggs
and the fnngns spores, which are so prolific of damage
in summer. Break the land deeply and leave it rough,
so that the frost and weather can penetrate it. Farm
yard manure can with advantage be hauled out on to the
land after it has been plowed, and phosphate and pot-
ash fertilizers may be spread on at the same time with
out fear of loss from leaching. A good dressing of
freshly slacked lime — say, 50 bushels to the acre — will
on land which has been long used for growing vegeta
bles be fonnd of more help to it than manure, but lime
and farm yard manure should never be applied at the
same time. Apply the lime now and manure may be
applied in March or April.

The composting and mixing of farm yard manure,
leaves, sods and other vegetable matter, should receive
attention. This will be required in February and
March for the hot- beds and frames and later for the
crops in the open ground. Tain over and mix well
two or three times during the winter, so that it may
be sweetened and uniform in quality.

In Tidewater Virginia and Eastern North and South
Carolina, English peas may be sown for the early crop
if the ground is dry and in nice working condition.
A field that grew Irish or sweet potatoes last year
makes the moet desirable land for the pea crop, as
peas do not want fresh manure or too lich soil. If any
fertilizer is needed it will probably only be phosphoric
acid. This may be given by using 300 or 400 lbs to
the acre of acid phosphate. If any potash is needed
apply 50 to 75 lbs. to the acre of muriate of potash.
English peas should be put in deeply — say, with a
cover of 4 or five inches of soil. Sow in drills two
feet apart, putting the peas In the bottom of the
drills in a wide row — say, 3 or 4 inchts wide, and
scattered pretty thickly. Tread into the soil and cover.

Towards the end of the month small sowings of rad
ishes and lettuce may be male in the above sections,
in sheltered situations or where protection can be given
by mats or sash.

The pruning of orchards and vineyards shonld be
continued in mild, dry weather.

GARDEN AND ORCHARD NOTES.

January is usually regarded as a "rest month" by
the farmer. He feeds stock, builds fires, and eats of
the things he spent latt summer and fall, growing
and storing away. It is a time when the Virginia
farmer asually "tarns over the new leaf," tries to
balance accoants, and matures plans for next year's
work.

These occupations, however, really make it one of
the most important months of the year to the farmer*
since he draws conclusions from the past year's expe-
rience, and decides upon plans to be followed during
all the iJext twelve months. If these plans are not
good, the year's work will be largely a failure, hence
the very great importance of well matured plans.

What variety of apples should be added to the or-
chard ; when and how should they be planted ; when
and how should the pruning be done. (We prefer to
do most of ihis work in February and March, and
expect to give full instructions along these lines in
the February and March issues of the Planter.) Where
should the potatoes be planted, Irish and Sweet t Are
the prospects favorable for growing an early crop for
the near by markets? Should a late crop of cabbage
be grown for shipmeiit to the Gulf States during the
later part of summer and early fall? Do the garden
fence and gates need attention t

You may prune the grape vines between now and
the middle of March. How should they be pruned t
What ftrtilizers should be used on the crops next
year t How can a good home made fertilizer be made t
These are some of the many things the farmer should
consider during this, the first month of 1903.

Put a winter mulch on the strawberry plants at once
if not already done. Is there a real farmer in the
Southern States who has no strawberry plants in his
garden? If so, he is missing something in this life.
His more fortunate neighbor should invite him over
to see the large, luscious, crimson colored berries
peeping through the rich green foliage of the plants
early in Jane. Let him gather some berries and sam-
ple them with a liberal sprinkling of sugar and cream,
and then watch his enthusiasm rise to 105 degrees.
This kind of horticultural teaching will bear fruit
both for the pupil and for the teacher.

But I am wandering from what I started to say.
How should the mulch be applied t Take straw, pine
needles or any similar material, that has no weed feed
in it, and cover all the strawberry ground with it

iWS.J

THE 80UTHEBN PLAJJmflJt

9

after the ground has frozen an inch or more. Hold
the plants in the frozen bed till yon want them to
grow in the spring. Judging from my own experience
along this line, I agree with Mr. Blacknall, who stated
in the December issue of the Planter that it was doubt-
ful about winter mulching being beneficial to straw
berry plants in the Gulf States. Later on, I will tell
how I obtained good results by summer mulching in
the dry climate at the Texas Expepiment Statien. It
Is more important in the Gulf States to know how to
carry the plants through the summer in a strong,
healthy condition than it is to know how to take them
through the winter. But I believe, from my own ex
perience, that winter mulching is advisable in all that
section of Virginia west of Pied mont. I have seer
excellent crops of strawberries grown at the Virginia
Experiment Station by winter mulching (in fact, I
helped to grow them), while the near by crops that
were not mulched were almost failures. In fact, I
believe, by careful winter mulching, other conditions
being favorable, that a good strawberry crop can be
grown over a large portion of Virginia and Tennessee
with more certainty than a wheat crop. As to profits,
there is nj comparison.

Besides the strawberry, which is the first fruit to
ripen, the farm should not fail to have some good
EJack Cap Eispberries growing to follow the straw
berry closely. Pot this fruit down on your list for
planting in March. What varieties should be planted.
There are a number of good black cap varieties sold
by nurserymen, but the farmer can frequently get good
raspberry plants along Old Virginia worm fences that
will cost nothing but a little time to go after them.
Many people like to get something for nothing. Here
is a chance. The berries are not usually as large as
the cultivated varieties, but the flavor is frequently
better. Better have these than none. Let the boy
take his first lesson in horticulture by setting them out
and taking care of them. Let him see how they prop
agate by branching in the fall and taking root at s*v
eral places at the tips. Each one of these tips may be
taken up the following spring and be used to start a
new plant. The plants should have been marked while
in fruit for transplanting, but had better be done now
than not at all.

Then there are currants, gooseberries, pears, peaches
and quinces to follow later on.

What kind of literature are you reading thtse win
ter evenings t

Do you read the bulletins issued by the United
States Department of Agriculture t If not, why ?

Are you deriving any benefit from the State Depart
ment of Agriculture? Have you read the bulletins

i8su€d by the Commissioner of Agriculture, Rich
mond, Va. If not, why not ?

Are you deriving any benefit from the Virginia Ag-
ricultural Experiment Station, Bla^kebnrg, Va. 1 If
not, why not t Is your name on the mailing list for
the various bulletins issued to farmers free. If not,
write a postal card row to any of the three depart-
ments mentioned above and ask to have your name
and address placed on the regular mailing list for free
bulletins. As my farm is only ten miles from the Vir-
ginia Experiment Station, I may have more to say
about this institution in a future issue.

Have you left any of the tools out in the damp win-
ter weather. If so, they will help to bring on a good
crop of farm mortgages. I believe, as a rule, more
tools rust out and rot out in Virginia and other South-
ern farms than are worn out. I know this is a strong
statement, but according to my own experience as a
Virginia farmer and my observation in extensive travel
over the Southern States, thi^ conclusion has forced
itself upon my mind.

Take those tools in out of the wet. Eepa'r them.
Give the wood work a coat of paint and the iron and
steel parts that go into the ground, on such tools as
shovels, hoes, plows and cultivators, a good coat of
linseed oil. This will help to keep met away and
thus enable the tools to shed the dirt better in the
spring. Clean tools will save the temper of the man.

Clean up the gardens. "When harvesting some cabbage
and turnips from my garden in November, I noticed
many lice on the roots of the turnips and on the heads
of some cabbage. I will not leave a single plant for
these pests to winter on. An attempt will be made
to starve them out in the dead of winter. All the
weed seed that I can get together will be burned. The
idea being that it is easier to burn a weed seed or an
insect egg in the winter than it is to pull a weed up
during a hot summer day or feed the progeny of an
insect. Of course, an attempt was made to prevent
these parasites multiplying daring the summer, bat
the warfare must be kept up by the farmer.

E. H. Peice.

This Department will have contributions each month
from Prof. E. H. Price, of Montgomery county, Va.,
who has had much experience as a practical farmer
and horticulturist in this State, as well as having had
charge of the Horticultural Department of the Texas
Agricultural Experiment Station during the past ten
years.

When corresponding with advertisers mention the
Southern Planter.

10

THB BOUTHIBN PLAHTER.

[January

VIRGINIA STATE HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY.
Report of Annual Meeting.

The Annual Meeting of the Virginia State Horti
cultural Society was held in the Masonic Hall, Lynch
burg, on December 2ad and 3rd, with a large attend
ance. A most interesting programme was presented,
and discussed in a spirited manner. Local members
brought specimens of apples, pears, peaches and some
very fine vegetables. The Society had purchased a
box of the highest grade Pacific Coast apples to be
had in New York market as a comparison with our
own, and also to show the Pacific Coast methods of
packing and grading. These apples were of the Spit
zenberg variety and sold in New York for $3 75 per
bushel box. They did not compare with the Virginia
fruit on the tables in either appearance or flavor. Mr.
Collingwood, editor of the Rural New Yorker, who was
present as one of the speakers, said publicly that this
was his first visit to Virginia, and that he had for
years been attending meetings of various Societies in
the Northern Sta'es, but that with the single excep
tion of one exhibit in Maine he had never seen such
fine apples ; they were perfect ; and he expressed sur
prise that the people of Virginia did not let those
outside the State know what fine fruit they had. He
said it was our duty to advertise ourselves.

The Society passed a resolntioa urging the passage
of a bill for an appropriation for St. Louis Expo-
sition by the Legislature, and binding members of the
Society to do all in their power to get petitions signed
and forwarded from their respective counties to mem
bers of the Legislature.

President S. B. Woods urged the necessity of good
roads, and the proposal to form an Appalachian
Forest Reserve by the Federal Government in Vir
ginla, North Carolina and South Carolina, which were
endorsed by the Society.

Mr. H. P. Gould, of the United States Department
of Agriculture, read an interesting paper on "Why
Some Orchards Fail," and referred to the progress in
development of the fruit industry, from the first or
chards which were planted merely for elder. He im
pressed the necessity of cultivation, spraying and in
telllgent pruning. The subject of shipment of peaches
and pears to Earope was taken up by Prof. W. A.
Taylor, of the United States Department of Agr"icul
ture, whose remarks were Interesting aud illustrated
by statistical charts.

Dr. M. L. McCue, a prominent and successful or
chardlst In Albemarle county, read an able paper on
" Care of Orchards;" describing methods from plant-
ing to bearing stage. Prof. Alwood and Senator Lup
ton, of Winchester, gave an illustrative lecture on

packing and grading fruits ; samples were shown of
how apples should be graded, and various kinds of
packages were exhibited.

Mr. A. T. Todd, of Crozet, took up the subject of
packing peaches in a similar manner-
Mr. O'Rork, of Staunton, talked about the bye-
products, evaporating, &c., showing the best means
of utilizing what has usually been wasted.

Prof. Alwood talked on canning, showing samples
of product.

Mr. Collingwood, editor of the Burul New Torlcer,
spoke on Handling Fruit for New York markets. He
is a most pleasing speaker, and during his long and
interesting talk held the close attention of his audi-
ence. His method of illustrating the points he desires
to impress by humorous anecdotes was greeted with
hearty laughter. His description of life in New York
flats, with 1,GOO people to the acre and twice that
number in the tenement districts, gave an insight into
an existence altogether unusual to his hearers. He
showed how, under these conditions, the tendency was
to smaller packages of fruit, and advocated the use of
bushel and half bushel boxes instead of barrels for
apples. He instanced the profitable business accom-
plished by California under these conditions. He said
if they could buy our Winesap instead of the Ben Da-
vis they now got they would appreciate red apples
instead of shunning them as at present.

A lengthy discussion followed Prof. Alwood's re-
sume of San Jos6 scale work. Some members con-
tended that the law had not been properly adminis-
tered by the State Inspector, and the general feeling
was that in its present condition it was not far reach-
ing enough, and also unworkable.

A committee was appointed to present the views of
the Society to the members of the Legislature and urge
amendments in the law to make it meet the exigencies
of the cise, it being pointed out that if scale were
discovered on our fruit in the larger markets, espe-
cially New York, they would immediately quarantine
against all Virginia fruit.

Mr. W. Whately, of Crozet, secretary and treasu-
rer, in his report, showed that the Society was making
steady increase in membership each year, and showed
a satkfactory balance in hand in his financial state-
ment.

The election of officers for 1903 resulted in Mr. W.
W. Otey, of Pala^ki county, taking the place of Mr.
W. A. Francis, of Salem in the list of vice presi-
dents, the other officers being continued in office. Mr.
Whately desired to resign the office of Secretary-
Treasurer, but was unanimously voted in, and bowed
to the will of the members.

Interest in the meeting held to the last, the final
session lasting up to 11 P. M., Mr. Collingwood giv-

1»03 J

THE 80UTHEEN PLAMTBK

11

ing a second talk, which was as popular as the one ear-
lier in the day.

Prof. Van Deman, who is always a favorite with Vir
ginia horticulturists, was in attendance, and was sev-
eral times a speaker, his remarks receiving the usual
attention accorded to them.

The Society was requested to meet at Charlottes-
ville, Lynchburg, and Pulaski next year, the claims
of each being warmly advocated, and after a spirited
friendly contest, the members from the Southwest
gained the victory they deserved, and Pulaski was de-
cided on as the place of next meeting.

The report of proceedings that will shortly be issued
will be of even greater interest than its predecessors,
which is saying a great deal. All members obtain
copies free, and no horticulturist can afford to be with-
out it. Annual membership being only $1.00 for each
year, any one may be placed on the list by remitting
this amount to Mr. Whately, Secretary Treasurer,
Crozet, Va.

PECANS IN VIRGINIA.

Editor Southern Planter :

Believing your statement in the November issue,
that the pecan is unsuitable for planting anywhere in
Virginia, is a mistake, which yon would gladly cor
rect, when convinced that you are in error ; as well
for the benefit of any of your subscribers who have
planted the pecan, o r may be contemplating doing so,
I enclose under another cover a copy of the Daily Ad
vance, published here (Lynchburg), which contains
facts in a leading editorial that somewhat combat
your views as to the pecan. I will add that I lived
at a place here on which was flourishing a p€caa tree,
that I believe is the largest tree of any kind in the
city to day; and it has large crops of nuts each year.
My boys sold most of them to Mr. Samuel A. Boyd,
who was then, and had been for many years, the leid-
ing confectioner here, and he told me on several occa
sions that he preferred them to any he could buy on
any other market because of their superior flavor and
their shells, which were generally filled with sound
kernels.

Lynchburg, Va. J. D. Pendleton.

In the article referred to, the editor of the Lynchburg
Advance says :

Our Georgia exchanges are having much to say about
nut culture in that State, especially pecans. Experi
ments have proved that the pecan tree flourishes ad
mlrably in Georgia and produces profitabla crops.
Groves have been planted in various localities, and
some of them have already come into bearing, bring-
ing handsome returns to the owners. It has been sug-

gested that the tree would flourish in Virginia, but
the Southern Planter discourages the attempt to grow
them in the State, believing that the climate and soil
are not suited to them. In the December number of
the Planter, two correspondents take issue with that
journal and tell of flourishing pecan trees in the coun-
ties ol Prince William and Norfolk. In Norfolk coun-
ty, there are two immense tiees seven feet in diameter
near the ground, which make admirable shade and
produce nuts worth from $75 to $100 annually. The
Planter replies that climatic conditions in Eastern Vir-
ginia may suit this tree, but they will not thrive in
Piedmont Virginia. Now, we can tell the Planter of
several flourishing pecan trees in Lynchburg, one of
them, two and a half feet in diameter, has been bear-
ing abundant crops for years. The other two are
younger, and not so large. There is another big tree
in the country, not far from the city, which has been
bearing good nuts for years — so the tree will grow in
Piedmont Virginia. But we agree with the Planter
that it is not its proper habitat, and it would not be
well to go into the business of raising pecans here.

NUT-QROWINQ IN VIRGIaIA,

Editor Southern Planter :

I was much interested in reading the experience of
your correspondents who have attempted the raising
of nuts.
If of interest, my experience is as follows :
Some twelve years since, I purchased from a New
Jersey nurseryman ten trees of each of the following
varieties: Japan Chestnut, Pecan and English Wal-
nut. Three of the Pecans are alive to day — one 20
feet, one 15, one 8 feet high — but none have ever set
fruit, although they are strong hardy trees.

Of the English walnuts, five are living, one of which
is ten feet high ; the others have made but little
growth, although all are apparently thrifty, but no
fruit has set on any of them.

Of the Japan chestnuts, six are living, several of
which have made a satisfactory growth, and two of
them have been bearing for several years. One of
these produced a gallon of nuts last season.

As for filberts, I imported with other trees some 30
years ago two trees from England. They send up
shoots from the root, but have never matured a fruit-
All of these trees were planted in fine rich soil,
and, after a year or two, the blue grass was allowed to
grow about the trees, as they were planted in the houee
grounds. My farm is four miles north of James river
at Scottsville.

Albemarle Co., Va. W. Q. M,

Mention the Planter when corresponding with ad-
vertisers.

12

THE SOUTHERN PLANTER.

[Janaaiy

Live Stock and Dairy.

THE DAIRY BREEDS OF CATTLE.

Editor Souihrm Planter :

Iq Darning ihe dairy breeds of cattle, as distinct
from btef l)reeds and dnal or general purpose cattle,
those races only should be considered which have
well eetablifrhed reputations for the profitable pro
dnction of milk. Other desirable qualities may be
ignored. As thus defined and known in America,
the dairy breeds are the Ayrshires, Gnernsejs, Hoi
steins, and Jerseys. If other parts of the world were
searched, a few additional breeds might be found hav
ing claim to recognition in this list. Repnsentatives
of some of thete are occaf^ionally seen iu this country,
but none have made anj' serious impr«6s upon onr
dairy industry, and they are not likely to do so. Their
reputation is limited, and however meritorious they
may be locally, there is not sufiBcient cause for de
scribing thfm In this connection.

The four breeds named all produce thrifty calves

tained fixed characteristics of great dairy excellence.
They are medium sized cattle, muscular and active,
the beet of foragers, and accustomed, in their native
country, to subsisting on pasturage in summer and
almost exclusively upon hay and straw in the winter.
Ayrshire cows may be fairly said to excel the other
dairy races in earning their living under difificultiea
and giving a profit upon the roughest forage. They
are naturally hardy and admirably adapted to grazing
OTer wide ranges of broken and rugged pastures.
While they respord to good care and pay well for it,
they are comparatively iudiflferent to exposure and in-
clement wea'her. Bred to abundant air and exercise,
they soon show the ill effects of too close housing and
crowding in ill ventilated stables. No brted i^ hardier
if rationally treated, and none succumbs sooner to un-
sanitary conditions.

The general form of the Ayrshire is the wedge-
si ape — rfgarded as typical of cows of dairy excel-

AYRSHIP^ COW ■

'iVtOLA DRUMMOND'

■when properly treated, and, although some of them
are small, they make good veal. Steers from them
can be rais»d at a profit, but not as economically as
from other breeds. Young bulls and young females,
non breeders or dairy failures (th? "black sheep"
which occasionally appear in every fluck), can be
readily turned into excellent heef. But aged animals,
which have terved their purpose as breeders and
dairy producers, cinnot be profitably fatted. None
of these side issues should be depended upon for in
come. If entitled to be called dairy cattle, the cows
should be capable of such profit during their years of
dairy production as to render o'her considerations In
significant, except the rearing of enough selected
calves to maintain the composition of the herd.
Ayrshires.
The Ayrshire breed has been developed within a
century in the southwestern part of Scotland and at

lencc— and they are short legged and fine boned. The
face is usually rather long and straight, but clean and
fine, with a fall growth of horn which curves outward,
then inward, and turns well up, with tip« inclined
backward. This gives an upright and bold appear-
ance to the whole head. A black muzzle is the rule,
although white seems to be no challenge of purity of
blood. The eye is peculiarly bright, with a quick
movement indicating extreme watchfulness. The
whole appearance is of a highly nervous tempera-
ment. The prevailing color of the body is red and
white, variously proportioned and in spots, not mixed.
Probably three fourths of all this race of cattle can be
thus described in color. A generation ago the dark
markings predominated, but there has lately been a
strong trend towards more white, especially in Can-
ada. The red is sometimes bright, but often of a rich,
sherry brown, like the shell of a horse chestnaL

1903 J

THE SOUTHERN PLAJSrTKK

13

Mometimes the color is a dull brown, and occasionally
a brindle appears. Nearly all the good animals of
the breed have broad, flaf, well arched ribs, giving
1 oom for capacious digestive apparatus. The udder
(iixtends both forward and back, is held well up, has a
broad attachment to the body and a level bottom line.
It is a snug, compact organ, admirably fitted by its
nhape and elasticity for the elaboration and storage of
lailk, and when the glands are at rest, it occupies but
little space. The teats are small and cylindrical
lather than cone shaped. In many cases the teats are
too small for comfortable milking, but careful breed
(irs have remedial this defect, and whole herds can be
found with superb udders and teats of good size.

The Ayrshire cow is a large and persistent milker,
although she usually demands a dry season of six to
eight weeks before calving. A. yield of 5 500 lbs. a
year as the average for a working herd is often real
ized. Records of eighteen well managed herds, col
lected from different sections and averaging twelve

fipeoial reputation which this breed has enj>3ed as
finperior cheese makers is not sustained by the facts.
In the hands of capable makers, Ayi shire milk will
make little if any more cheese from a given weight
than will the milk of other breeds. Yet, the uniform
distribution of fat is an advantage, and there is less
liability to lose fat in converting this milk into cheese
than in the case of richer milk with fat globules larger
and more irregular in size.

GUEENSEYS.

Guernseys originated upon and are imported from
ijhe second in size of the Channel Islands, lying be-
tween England and France. The early importations
to this country were not well distinguished from the
Jersey, and all these island cattle were indiscrimi-
nately and incorrectly called "Alderneys." About
thirty years ago the Guernseys became recognized in
America as a distinct breed. Since that time theie
Jiave been importations nearly every year, and the
Ijreed has steadily increased in numbers in this coun-

oows each, show an annual average product of 5,412
Ibi. One noted herd, averaging fourteen cows in milk,
has an unbroken record for twenty years with an aver
age yield of 6,427 lbs. a year to the cow. One year
the average was 7,000 lbs. Single cows have pro
duced 10,000 and even 12,000 lbs. of milk. Butter
records are not numerous, but the milk of the herd
referred to averages over 4 per cent, of fat, and the
cows from 244 to 512 lbs. of butter each, with an aver-
age of 353 lbs. There are single authentic records of
over 600 lbs. of butter in a year. The milk of this
breed is not exceptionally rich, but rather above the
nverage of cows, or 3 i to 4 per cent, fat for mixed
lierd milk throughout the year. The fat globules are
email and very even in size, so that cream rises slow
ly ; it has comparatively little color. The Ayrshire
is therefore not a first claas butter cow, but its product
is admirably suited for market milk, safely above
legal standards, uniform and capable of long trans
portation and rough handling without injury. A

'.ry and as steadily gained in favor wherever intro-
duced. There are now just as many Guernseys as
Ayrshires on this continent, rough estimates placing
the number of each at 25,000.

The Guernseys are a size larger than the Jerseys,
with which race they can best be compared, and are
stronger boned and coarser in appearance. But the
cows are generally handsome and attractive to the
dairyman. They are claimed to be hardier and larger
milkers, but both these points are stoutly dented. The
one hundred best Jerseys in the United States are un-
doubtedly the equals as dairy animals, in every re-
spect, of the hundred best Guernseys. But the latter
have been selected for importation with better judg-
ment, and it is probably true that the average Guern-
sey cow in this country to day is a better producer
than the average Jersey. In other words, there are
many more poor Jerseys than poor Guernseys.

The head of the Guernsey is rather long, the neck
slender, the body large, deep and rangey, the rump

14

THE 80UTHERN PLANTBB.

[January

prominent, the flanks thin, thighs incurved and twist
open and roomy. Altogether, the animal is at once
recognized as bneinesslike and belonging to the pro
noanced dairy type. The breed is almost always light
in color, yellow and orange predominating, with con
siderable white, usually in large patches. Darker
shades, approaching brown, are found upon some cows
and often upon bulls. The muzzles are almost inva
riably buff or flesh colored, surrounded by a fillet of
almost white hair. Occasionally a black nose is found,
showing the influence of some distant ancestor from
Brittany, or suggestive of more recent exchange of
compliments between the Jersey and Guernsey isles
which have undoabtedly although rarely occurred.
The horns aie small, curved, fine, thin shelled and
waxy in appearance ; they often show a deep, rich
yellow for a third of their length from the base. A
characteristic Oi the breed is a very generous secretion
of yellow coloring matter which pertains to the whole
skin, but is seen especially where the hair is white, in

stated, in natural color. They may be especially
recommended as batter cows, as well as for market
milk where quality secures a relatively high price.
They demand good treatment and liberal feeding, but
are noted for rich production combined with economy
of food. From 5,000 to 6,000 lbs. of milk per year
should be expected and upwards of 300 lbs. of butter.
One herd of over one hundred cows of all ages in this
country gave 5,317 lbs. of milk and 318 lbs. of butter.
Single cows have ranged up to 10,000 and 12,000 lbs.
of milk a year and a few sfclll more, producing 500 to
750 and even 900 lbs. of butter. The mixed milk of
this breed is often found to average 14 to 15 per cent,
of total solids and 5 to 6} per cent, of fat. The
globules are large and the cream separates easily.

Guernsey bulls have proved extremely satisfactory
in grading up a herd with fairly selected dairy cows
of no particular breeding ; the offspring usuiUy make
very acceptable dairy stock. Guernseys have not yet
been largely introduced in tha South, and will deserve

the ears, around the eyes and about the udder. The
bright golden undertone of the white parts of the
body, when in strong light, is often very noticeable.
This gives a distinctive "richness" to the animal, and
causes the milk and butter produced to be of a higher
color at all seasons of the year than that of any other
breed. A single Guernsey cow will give color and
attractive tone to the milk and butter of a dozen cows
of kinds deficient in this respect. The udder and
teats are large and well shaped and placed in selected
specimens, but these and other dairy markings do not
appear to be as uniformly fixed throughout the breed,
as in the case of Jerseys, which have been subjected
to a larger course of careful breed development. The
cows possess a highly nervous temperament, and yet
are extremely quiet and gentle when properly handled.
Much lees trouble is reported in the management of
aged bulls than with Jerseys of like age.

The cows of the breed produce liberal quantities of
milk, of uncommon richness in butter fat, and, as

more attention in this section.

HOLSTEINS.

Holsteins is the popular name for the strongly-
marked black- and white cattle of North Holland and
Friesland, although the herd book title is Holstein-
Friesians. They constitate one of the very oldest and
most notable breeds of cattle. Holland has been
famous for dairy products for at least a thousand
years, aud the great bicolored beasts upon which this
reputation has been gained have been slowly bat
surely developing their present form of dairy ex-
cellence.

The large frame, strong bone, abundance of flesh
(particularly in the males and all young), silken coat,
extreme docility and enormous milk yield of these
cattle, result from the rich and luxurious herbage of
the very fertile and moist lands upon which the breed
has been perfected, the close housing and uncommonly
good care given them for half the year, and the inti-
mate association of people and cattle. The striking

1903]

THE 80TJTHEKN PLANTER

15

features in the appearance of this breed, are the color
markings and the groat size of both sexes. The shining
jet black contrasts vividly with the pure white — the
fine silky hair being upon a soft and mellow skin of
medium thickness. In some animals the black pre
dominates and the white in others. Black has been
rather preferred among American breeders, yet a few
noted animals have been mainly white. The average
animal carries more black than white, and the mark
Ings are extremely irregular. The black and white
are never mixed, the lines of demarcation being usu
ally sharply drawn. The Holsteins are much the
largest of all the dairy breeds. The big, bony frames
are well filled, and the chest, abdomen and pelvic re
gion fully developed. Cows range in weight from
1,000 to 1,500 lbs., with an average of 1,200 or more.
Bulls at maturity often exceed 2,500 lbs. in weight.

The head Is long, rather narrow and bony, with
bright yet quiet eyes and large nostrils and mouth.
The horns are small and fine, often incurving and fre-

above their own live weight in milk monthly for ten
or twelve consecutive months. There are authentic
instances of daily yields of 100 lbs. or more for sev-
eral days, and 20,000 to 30,000 lbs. of milk in a year.
Cows giving 40 to 60 lbs. per day are regarded aa
average animals, and 8,000 lbs. or more per year is
depended upon as a herd average. One herd record
for four years, gives twelve cows an average of 8,805
lbs. a year. The milk of the large producers is often
thin, low in percentage of total solids, and deficient in
fat. The cows have been favorites for the milk sup-
ply business, but it is frequently found expedient to
mix in more or less milk of Guernsey or Jersey blood,
to add color and meet standard requirements. There
are families of Holsteins, however, and single animals
are numerous, which give milk of average richness
and are large butter producers. Cows have frequently
made 15 to 25 lbs. of butter a week, and 30 lbs. in a
few cases, with even 1,000 lbs. or more in a year. The
milk of the breed is characterized by fat globules of

qnently white with black tips. The ears are large,
thin and quick in movement. The neck is long,
slender and the upper line often concave, in the cows.
The back line is usually level, particularly with the
males, and the hips broad and prominent; some have
well-rounded buttocks, but a drooping rump is not nn
common. The legs appear small for thb weight car
ried, and are quite long; the tail is long and fine and
a white brush is required. The udder is often of ex-
traordinary size, extending high behind but not always
well forward, with teats well placed and very large,
sometimes uncomfortably so. The milk veins are
prominent and in some cases remarkably developed.
In temperament, these animals are quiet and docile,
the bulls in particular. They have great constitu
tlonal vigor, in their capacity as feeders and in their
large size at birth and very strong and thrifty growth
of the calves.

Holstein cows yield milk in conformity to their
size ; they are famous for enormous production.
Becords are numerous of cows giving an average

small and uniform size, separating slowly by the
gravity method of creaming and having a very pale
color.

Holsteins have done well in the South where, in-
stead of depending upon pasture and with much ex-
posure to the sun, they have been kept stabled and
generously fed. A cow bred and raised in Texas,
when five years old and 1,350 lbs. in weight, made a
record of 707 lbs. of milk in seven days, which pro-
duced 22 lbs. of butter, and in one month, 2,958 lbs.
of milk containing fat e univalent to 86 lbs. of 80 per
cent, butter.

Jbeseys.

Jerseys were built up into a distinct breed, from a
foundation of French cattle, by a long course of skill-
ful breeding, upon the largest and most southern of
the islands of the English Channel. Early in the
eighteenth century steps were taken to prevent out-
side cattle coming to Jersey, and in 1779 a law was
made, which is claimed to have been rigidly enforced
ever since, prohibiting under heavy penalties the land-

16

THE SOUTHERN PLANTBB.

fJannaiy

Ing upon the island of any live animals of the bovine
race. Jereeys have, therefore, been purely bred for a
longer time than any other breed of British origin.
They were brought to the United States first from
fifty five bo seventy years ago as "Alderney cattle,"
and this name is still somewhat used. Bat it is wholly
wrong ; Alderney is an insignificant little island with
no breed of cattle of its own. There is really no such
thing as an Alderney cow.

Jerseys are the smallest in average size of the four
dairy breeds. The cows range from 700 to 1,050 lbs.
weight and the bulls from 1,200 to 1,600, and some
times 1,800 lbs. Yet there are herds which, by careful
management, have been brought to an average of over
1,000 lbs. for mature cows. In color, this breed varies
more than any other. For a time there was a craze
for "solid colored" animals in this country, and some
persons have the idea that no pur« Jersey has white
upon it. This is a great mistake ; all of the earliest
imported were broken in color, and there have always
been such among the noted cows. Pure Jersey 8 are of
all shades of brown to deep black and of various shades
of yellow, fawn and tan colors to a creamy white; also
mouse color or squirrel gray, Bome light red and a few
brindle. With all these colors and shades, there may
be more or less white, in large patches or small and on
any part of the animal. Bulls are darker in color
than cows of the same families. There are always
tigns or markings about a pure Jersey, or a high
grade, irrespective of its color and hard to describe,
by which the blood is plainly shown.

The head of the Jersey is small, short, broad, lean,
and the face generally dished. The muzzle, including
under Up, is black or a dark lead color, surrounded
by a mealy fillet of light skin and hair. Occasionally
a bufif nose is found, but objected to as showing a
probable infusion of Guernsey blood, although per-
haps very distant. The eyes are wide apart, bright
and prominent ; the horns small, waxy, with thin
skulls, often tipped with black and much crumpled.
Ears small and delicate ; neok clean ; legs fine and
short ; body well rounded with capacity for food and
breeding ; tail long and fine with a full brush often
reaching the ground, and black, white or mixed. The
skin is mellow or loose, with fine, silky hair. The
udder is of good size, more pendulent than in the
Ayrshire and with quarters more distinctly defined.
Teats sometimes small and conically inclined. The
square, close, "Ayrshire udder" is also found, well-
nigh perfect. Milk veins are frequently highly de
veloped, tortuous and knotty. This breed is second
only to the Guerniey in the abundant secretion of col
oring matter, which shows itself on the skin on diflfer-
ent parte of the ^body, makes the fat of the carcass a
deep orange, jives a rich tint to mUk and cream and

a golden hue to the butter. But this attribute is by
no means as pronounced or as general in the breed as
with Gaernseys, and in some Jersey families it is de-
ficient. Jerseys are irregular and sharp in outline,
being picturesque rather than symmetrical, with the
spare habit of flesh which is deemed favorable to dairy
quality and enough muscular development fo» healthy
activity and full digestive force. They aie light,
quick and graceful in movement.

For generations Jerseys have been bred almost ex-
clusively for butter. In America, breeders have suc-
ceeded in increasing the milk yield while mainlaining
its high quality. Three and four gallons a day are
common yields — not infrequently five; and these cows
are noted for persistence and great evenness of product
through a long season. Dairy records are numerous.
Ten herds selected as having average dairy farm con-
ditions, include 140 cows and cover six years; the an-
nual milk product per cow was 5,157 lbs., yielding 293
lbs. of butter. One of three herds had twenty five
cows of all sizes with a continuous record of seven
years ; the annual average was 5,668 lbs. of milk and
342 lbs. of butter per cow. Several herds for shorter
periods show averages of 6,000 and 7,000 lbs. Single
cows are on record as producing 10,000, 12,000 and
several over 15,000 lbs. of milk in a year. The char-
acteristic of the milk of this breed Is a high percentage
of total solids, with 4 to 5 per cent, of fat as usual, and
higher in many instances. The butter globules vary
in size, but a great proportion are large and the cream
separates readily. Butter records are correspondingly
large ; good herds yield 350 to 400 lbs. for every milk-
ing animal. Individual cases are authenticated by
the hundreds of cows making 15 to 20 lbs. of butter a
week, with numerous records of 25 to 30 lbs. Several
yearly tests have resulted in 800 to over 1,000 lbs. of
butter from one cow in twelve months.

Jersey cattle are of the nervous order of tempera-
ment, highly developed. They are excitable for cause,
but the females are very placid and docile when prop -
erly treated. . The bulls have the reputation of being
fractious and difficult to handle after attaining matu-
rity; this is largely a matter of early training and
judicious management. The cows of this breed are
heavy feeders with great capacity for assimilation.
They have strong constitutions, and will bear forced
feeding for long periods uncommonly well. In the
good animals all the extra food is converted into
milk. The Jersey cow is essentially a machine for
producing milk and butter, responds readily to varied
treatment, and is remarkably adaptable to widely dif-
ferent conditions. The breed has been generally dis-
tributed in the South, and has done well in every
State. Yet, there are far too many kept solely be-
cause of purity and pedigree, and withont profit; the

IMS.]

THB 80UTHJ8KN PUlSTER.

17

dairy performance of sach animals does not jostify
their existence oi reproduction.
Grade Cows.

Grade cows of all four of these breeds ar« eminently
satisfactory as dairy animals. Any herd of mixed
blood, with fair dairy qualities, can be rapidly built
up and improved by the use of a well selected, pure
bred bull from any one of the four. They all seem to
<5ro88 adyantageously upon what is called " native
stock" and upon females having a perceptible grade,
or more, of Shorthorn or Durham blood. Guernsey
and Jersey grades are especially satisfactory aa dairy
«ow8. Bat the pure animals of these strongly bred
races do not generally cross well among themselves.
The Holsteins are very prepotent, and stamp their
characteristics upon all their grades and crosses, yet
they seldom "nick" well with pure animals of the
other three breeds. The Guernseys and Jerseys mix
well, but without improvement upon the parents of
either side. The Ayrshire eire does not cross well
with any of the others. A very superior dairy animal
ifl, however, the usual result of crossing a good Jersey
•ire with an Ayrshire dam.

It is gratifying to note that while the creation or de-
velopment of these four breeds of dairy cattle must be
credited to foreign countries, every one of them has
been improved under the conditions and management
which they have received in the United States. With
the possible exception of the Ayrshire, all have been
subjected and made adaptable to far greater variations
of climate, food and general environment than in their
native countries, and have here made records of dairy
performances exceeding anything known among their
progenitors or the cotemporary non-imported animals
of their respective breeds.

COMPARISONS OF COWS OF DIFFERENT BREEDS AT

PUBLIC TESTS.
I. — Sdmmary op Results of Ninety Day Bdtteb Test at the

World's Colombian Exposition, Chicago, June, July,

August, 1893.

Cows in Test.

S o

ii;

.ss

Lbs.

25 Jerseys 73 489 3,516 4,274 1,747.37 587.50 1,323 81

25GnernsPv....fil.7X2 9.7s.=5 3.36i> 1 :^=iS 14 4V4 14 W7 fi4

Dollars.

Dollars.

O
Dollars.

II. — Su.MM.\RYOF Results op Six Minths Test, Showing Profit
ON Butter Product, Estimated From Fat.

Pan-American Exposition, Buffalo, May 1-Oct. 31, 1901.

Cows in Test.

6 Ayrshires

5 Guernseys

6 Holstein- \

Fneaians J

5 Jer^»'vs..

T3

I

£-2

•o

M a

<u =

a »

i,

SS

1^

CO o.
2 ^

"o

-3

M^

> 03

cS

52,996

1,43'

S358.59

$1.59.84

27,167

1,459

367.21

136.86

i9,249

1,501

375.1

164.14

2fi.985

1 .4 V)

36!.2I

137.74

a o

$218.75
230.35

Note.— The Holstein Friesians and Jerseys were Canadian
cattle, and not furnished or endorsed by the regular American
Associations of breeders.

Ill- — Average Composition op Milk op Different Breeds.

I Prom a Report of the New York Agricultural Experiment
Station, 1S91.'\

Breed.

Ayrshires

Guernseys

Holstein-

Friesiana
Jerseys

86 95
85.39

132 87.62
238 84.60

das
o
H

13.06
14.60

9.35
9.47

12.39 9.07 3.46

15.40 l9.8() 5.61

3.57
5.12

3.39 4.84 .735 540
3 91 5.15 .743 .618

.543
.570

Henry E. Alvord,
Chief Dairy Division, Bureau Animal Industry.
Spring Hill Farm, Fairfax Co., Va.

Note.— In preparing the foregoing, much has been taken, in
a 8 )mewhat condensed form, from Farmers' Bulletin No. 106, of
the U. S Department of Agriculture, by the same writer. It
is ueither »asy nor desirable to describe the same thing twic»
without laigely making use of the same language.

THE DUAL-PURPOSE BREEDS OF CATTLE.

Editor Southern Planter ;

The term "dual purpose breeds" of course means the
two purpose breeds — that is to say, breeds which are
adapted to the production of both meat and milk. In
the current agricultural literature of the day, for the
two decades subsequent to 1880, the place for such a
cow on the farm was said not to exi^t. This at leask
was true of nearly all the agricultural literature pro-
duced in America. It was true also of nearly all the
platform teaching on agriculture during the same pe-
riod. The very idea of a place for the dual-puipose
cow was only mentioned to be held up to ridicule. The
dual purpose cow, or, as she was then called, the gen-
eral purpose cow, was denounced aa a " delusion, a
myth, and a snare." To try to get milk from such a
cow was compared to hunting prairie chickens with
bull pups or seeking a winning trotting horse in a
Norman.

Ex Oovernor Hoard was a leader in this cruiade,
and the signal ability as an advocate shown by this
splendid man gave great impetus to the acceptance
and extension of the unfortunate heresy. This flood
of false teaching was greatly accelerated in its progress
by depression in the prices of meat. The result was
that many of the best herds of dual-purpose cattle in
the land were so crossed with dairy blood that the
Ability to produce beef was greatly weakened, a blun-
der which the owners are now trying to rectify by
using bulls of the dual types. It would be interesting
could the facts be ascertained to know how many tens

IS

THE BOtJTHEEN PLAJSrTBB.

[Jannary

Grade Shobthokn Cow Duciijiss.

Weight in fair flesh 1,550 lbs.

Milk in one year 9,628 lbs.

Butter in one year 439.83 lbs.

Average test 4.4 per cent, butter fat.

This cow ate during the year $33.93 worth of feed, and her products were
valued at $101.00, leaving a profit of $67. 07. The average cost of each pound
of butter produced during the year was 7.7 cents.

of millions of dollars this false teaching cost the farmers
of this country.

The faith of the writer on this question is as follows:
I believe in a special dairy cow. She includes the
Holstein, Dutch Belted, Ayrshire, Guernsey, Jersey,
Trench Canadian and Kerry of the pedigreed breeds
in America. Her place is on farms where cattle are
kept almost entirely for the dairy products wliich they
famish, or in the stable of the individual who keeps
but one cow. I believe in the special beef cow. Her
place is on the range, or on the large farm where clr

There are in America five pedigreed breeds of daal-
purpose cows. These are the Shorthorn, the Polled
Durham, the Brown Swiss, the Red Poll and the Devon.
Eich of these will be considered below. In the mean-
time, It may be said that the dual-purpose cow is at
present far more numerously represented in the graded
than in the pure bred form. In the grade form, she
may be possessed of various blood elements, but by
far the larger number of grade dual parpose cows are
grade Shorthorns. This is due in part at least to the
fact thit Shorthorns in the pure form are far more

cumstances forbid the milking of the cows by hand, ou merous relatively than any of the other dual-purpose

Her domain in America has probably more than at breeds, and they have been in the country for a much

tained a maximum, since large farms are being divided, longer period.

I believe in the dual-purpose cow. Her place is on These grade dual purpose cattle may be known by

the arable farm, where the farmer is not a dairyman the following indications as to form : 1. Medium to

in the special sense, and where production is suffi large size for the breed or grade. 2. Good length and

oiently ample to justifj' the reariug of steers for beef.
This means that there is a place for her on probably
two-thirds of the farms of the United States, and that
on theie she can be reared more profitably than either
of the other two classes of cows.

depth in the coupling, especially in the females. 3.
Good development of udder and milk veins. 4. Good
constitution as indicated by good width through the
heart. 5. Head and neck inclining to long and fine ;
and 6. Bibs of medium spring, open spaced and cov-

ISOS.]

THE SOUTHERN PLA.NTER.

If

ered with a good handling skin. In the pare form,
these cows have essentially the same characteristics as
to form, but with some differences pertaining to breed
peculiarities. The more minute indications of correct
form and function in detail cannot be given within
the limits of this paper, but the reader who wishes to
pursue further this phase of the question will find
such details stated with considerable fulness in the
book, "The Study of Breeds," by the writer.

Shoethoens.

The Shorthorns of one hundred years ago were good
milkers. They were generally good milkers. This
cannot be said of them to-day, but it can be said of
many of them. That they are not generally good milk
ers is not the fault of the breed, but of the breeders.
In America, the practice has been general of rearing
the calves on the dams, a practice which, if long con
tisued, will injure the milking qualities of any breed.
Notwithstanding, the average milking capacity of the
Shorthorn is unquestionably higher than the average
of what are known as the distinctive beef breed. In
Great Britain are some herds noted for the abundance
of milk production which they possess. They have
been milked for successive generations. In the United
States are a few such herds, and in coming days these
will be multiplied. Bat few doors stand to widely
open at the present time and are so full of promise as
that which forms the avenue to the breeding of n»ilk-
ing Shorthorns.

In the grade form good milking cows, essentially
Shorthorn, can be found in almost any of the States
north, east and west in considerable numbers. A good
judge of the dual form can pick them up with safety,
even though he should not be able to find out particu
larly about the breeding. The owners of such cows
will not part with them unless paid a higher price
than they would ask for other cows in their herds,
and this shows very clearly the estimate in which they
hold them.

The testing of Shorthorn grades in this country as
to their milking capacity has only been attempted by
a limited number of experiment stations. Foremost
among these are those of Iowa and Wisconsin. The
results in both instances were extremely satisfactory.
It was found that Shorthorn grade cows not only pro
duced as much butter per year as the best dairy cows
obtainable, but they also produced it about as cheap
ly; and while thus producing milk they gave birth
to calves which were grown into beef of the finest
quality, and which brought top prices in the market.
The particulars relating to these investigations may be
obtained by writing to the stations which conducted
them. It is to be hoped that those testi will be con-
tinued at the stations named; and that other experi-
ment stations will take up the same line of testing.

No more important line of work could be engaged in
by these institutions.

Polled Duehams.
As is generally known, the Polled Dnrhams are of
two distinct lines of ancestry. One of Iheee Is pure
Shorthorn ; the other is essentially Shorthorn — that is
to say, it is the outcome of successive crosses of pure
Shorthorn bulls upon muley cows of good size and
form, and on their hornless progeny. These muley

Polled Durham.— Goodness 15th, bred by J. H. Miller,
Peru, Ind.

COWS, when the crossing was begun some thirty years
ago, were possessed of good milking properties, or at
least many of them were. The former are Shorthorn
in all characteristics excapt that they have no horns.
The latter are essentially Shorthorn, and do not differ
from the former in essential characteristics except in
so far as their milking qualities are superior, because
of inheritance of the same from the old muley ances-
try on the side of the dam 3. To these general state-
ments there will be some exceptions caused chiefly by
the way In which the herds have been bred and ban-
dit d. Where the herds have been milked, the milk-
ing qualities of the muley foundation have been im-
proved upon rather than injured.

Beown Swiss

Brown Swiss cattle are pretty uniformly good milk-
ers. They have borne this character for generations.
They are also good for beef production, but not quite
80 good, relatively, as for milk production. They are
of good size, and they grow quickly. The steers at-
tain to good weights, but the bone Is a little strong for
best results in beef making ; and yet, for this purpose,
they answer far better than any of the straight dairy
breeds. On the continent of Europe, it would proba-
bly be correct to say that this breed of cows is more
popular than any other. They have onlv been in the
United States for about three decades, and yet they
are now found in a majority of the States.

The breeders of Brown Swiss cattle in the United

20

THE SOUTHERN PLANTEE.

[Jannary

Bbows Swiss Cow Mrorro.

StJitM have not, in many Instances, paid that atten
tion to the maintenance and improvement of the milk-
ing qualities of their herds which thould have been
given to this feature. Many of them have committed
the egregious mistake of suckling the calves upon the
dams, a process which, If long continued, will injure
the milking qualities of any breed. In the United
States, milk records have not been kep: of the per
formance of herds in milk production to the same ex
tent as with the Red Polls and some other breeds ; and
where these have been kept, comparatively little effort
has been made to place the results before the public
The breeders will say that they rely upon the merits
of their cattle to do this, but they forget the important
truth when they talk thus that merit properly placed
before the public will accomplish much more for a
breed than merit hidden in various little corners. The
Brown Swiss cow Brienz Xo. loS, in a public test in
Chicago, 1891, produced 245 pounds of milk in three
days, which contained 9 32 pounds of butter fat. Good
herds of Brown Swiss cattle will easily average 6,000
pounds of milk in a year.

Red Polls.
The Red Polls originated in the counties of Norfolk
»nd Suffolk, England. Their introduction into and
diffusion through the various States has been chiefly
made through the last three decades. They are rapid
ly growing in popularity. There is unquestionably a
fine future before this breed in the United States. They
are already fonnd in a large majority of the States in
the Union.

Red Polls are not so large as Shorthorns, but are
somewhat larger than the Devons. The average of a
mature cow would be somewhere in the vicinity of
1,200 pounds. They are of sufficient refinement in
form, and, as the name implies,, are red in color and
polled.

'ihe dual quality in Red Polls has been more clear-
ly established than in other breeds of the dual types —
that is to say, the records of milk and meat pioduc-

Red Poll Cvw B.\ey E.t::. X . v-,-

tion are more ample from which to draw conclusions.
In England are many herds in which records have
been kept of all the cows in the same for many succes-
sive years. Data is also accessible relating to the per-
formance of many animals on the block and in the fat
stoek shows. Whole herds, in some instances exceed-

1W3,]

THE SOUTHERN PLANTER.

31

ing 100 animals, have averaged from 5.000 to 6,000
poanda of milk in a year. In several instances, cows
have produced more than 10,000 pounds per annum.
From these game herds steers have been sent, from
time to time, which have been winners at the Smith
field in competition with steers of the strictly beef
producing types.

In the United States also in several instances Red
Polled cows have produced more than 10,000 pounds
of milk per annum. Notable among such producers
waa the cow Mayflower 12th in the herd of Captain
V. T. Hills, Delaware, Ohio. In this herd the famous
cow Mayflower 11th No. 2965, produced 52 8585
pounds of milk in five years, a record that is proba
bly unrivalled in the annals of milk production by
one animal. It has also been found that Red Polled
high grade steers properly fattened command top prices
at the stock yards.

Red Poll sires are also very satisfactory when used
In grading by crossing them on common stocks. The
progeny are polled, and the inheritance shows most
strikingly the piepotent character of Red Poll trans
mission. This crossing should answer well on farms
In the Atlantic and Southern States, as well as those
North and West, since the Red Polls are somewhat
less in size than Shorthorns.

Devons.

The Devons are a tidy little breed of cattle, which,
as the name implies, originated in Devonshire, Eog-
land. They were noted for meat and milk production
more than a hundred years ago. They are the small
est in size of all the dual purpose breeds, and yet the
average Devon cow matured and in good flesh should
weigh about 1,000 pounds. They are a whole red in
oolor, usually a dark red, and are neat in form. Com-
pared with Shorthorns, they are less massive, some
what finer in bone, longer relatively and finer in the
nose, and have longer, finer and more upturned and
spreading horns. They are also more active on foot.
In New England, there are some fine herds of milk
ing Devons in the pure and also in the graded form.
The same is true of Pennsylvania, Ohio and some
other Stites. Some of these average more than 6,000
pounds of milk of good quality per year. Many of
the herds on the other hand have been grown only for
beef and for successive generations. The milking
qualities of these are not a little impaired. There is
no question of the fact, however, that Devon cattle
fatten readily and make an excellent quality of beef.
They kill well — that is to say, the dressed meat in a
carcass is relatively large. Owing to the want oi
massiveness in the frame, and to the active habits of
the Devon cattle, they have peculiar adaptation for
broken and somewhat rugged pastures, and for condi-

tions where production is not of the very best. There
should be a large field for Devon cattle in the South-
ern Srates. Mr. W. C. Edwards, of Rockland, Ontario,
Canada, has one of the best herds of Shorthorns in

Canada. He keeps them on productive land. He has
also a good herd of Devons. He keeps them on rug-
ged, hilly and rocky land. He told the writer some
rime ago that while the Devons did well under those
conditions, he was satisfied that under the same con-
ditions the Shorthorcs would not be a success.

It has been shown that there is a wide place for the
dual purpose cow. It has been shown that we have
dual purpose cows in the grade form and dual purpose
breeds in the pure form. It has also been made appa-
rent that because of well meant but misleading teach-
ing, during the last two decades the dual element in
grade cows has gone backward rather than forward.
Now that public sentiment is coming in like a flood in
the opposite direction, how is the farmer to proceed
who desires to build up a herd of dual purpose cowsT
The plan is simple if the material can be found. Let
him purchase dual purpose cows of correct form
wherever they can be found. He need not be much
concerned about the blood elements if he can get cowi
of sufficient size and correct form. If these are con-
fciderably mixed, it will be no detriment to the work
which he is trying to do. In making such purchases,
the only outlay is for the animals. Nothing addi-
tional has to be paid for blood. Thus far the work is
easy.

The next step is more difficult. It is not so easy to
get suitable bulls They should be chosen from the
dual purpose breeds, and should invariably be purely
bred and of good individuality. If from dams and
grandams of superior milking capacity, the writer
would not object, though they should have a prepon-
derance of leaning toward the beef form — that is, to
the form that guards stamina and vigor. Any ten-
I dency toward undue fleshiness in the female progeny

22

THE 80UTHBEN PT.ANTTirR

[January

can be connteracted by selection. Continue to choose
males thns, and from only one breed, and the result
will be dual purpose cattle.

But it may be objected, will not a good many of the
progeny be unsnited for retention in the herd! Cer-
tainly, that is true of all breeding, but it may be ex-
pected to lessen as this style of breeding, wisely con-
ducted, progresses. Unsuitable animals will appear
In all herds every season, no matter what the style
of breeding, and when they do they must of course
be sent to the block. These undesirable variations will
decrease in proportion as line-bred and vigorous males
are used.

In the principles that govern the breeding of dual
purpose cattle, there is nothing essentially difficult.
In the practice, there is, at the present time. Sup-
pose the individual fixes upon the Shorthorns, the
Polled Daihams or the Devons from which to draw
his balls. • In the United States it is not easy to find
such bulls in thtse breeds, owing to the general trend
of the breeding during recent ytars. But some of
them can be found, and their relative numbers will
increase since more and more attention is going to be
given to the breeding of this class of cattle in the fn
ture than in the past. The bieeding of the dual type
of Shorthorns will unquestionably have an important
future in this country. It has had an important past
in England, and it has an important present.

In answer to the statement that dual purpose cattle
cannot be bred as such, the existence of the Eed Poll
and Brown Swiss breeds furnish sufficient evidence
regarding its falsity. Here are two breeds that have
possessed the quality for a long time, insomuch that it
is stamped upon them a« a characteristic. If dual types
can be bred in on« breed, they can aUo in another.
And because of this fact, linked with the great de
mand for such animals, the day is near when they will
overshadow other types of cattle in this country on
the arable farms. Thos. Shaw,

Recently Professor of Animal Husbandry at the
University of Minnesota.

SPECIAL BEEF BREEDS FOR SOUTHERN
FARHERS.

Editor Southern Planter :

Inteoduotion.
Cattle may be classified in one of two ways— either
as natives, common or graded, and pure breds, or as
special beef, special dairy, and general or dual pur
po«e. A half century ago the predominating type of
cattle In the country was the native or scrub, but du-
ring the past few years the introduction of pure bred
sires has so changed and Improved the quality of our
cattle that the larger part of them may be properly

classified as graded stock ; that is, containing one or
more crosses of the pure bred sire on the original na-
tive cows. Pare bred cattle are those entitled to reg-
istration by reason of their long lineage in which no
admixture of foreign blood appears. This classifica-
tion is, of course, defective in that it does not distin-
guish the qualities, or better, the functions of the sev-
eral kinds of neat cattle.

In the United States we have a trifold interest in
breeding cattle in that we raise them for the produc-
tion of milk and butter ; hence the distinct dairy type ;
for beef ; or for the purpose of combining both beef
and milk, so far as possible, in one and the same ani-
mal. This classification is very satisfactory in many
respects, though it is a question sometimes to know
where to place certain of the milking strains of Short-
horns, Bed Polls and other animals of the dual- purpose
type.

Beef Breeds in the South.

Following the above classification it appears that
there are five principal tj pes of pure bred beef cattle
scattered over the South, and well adapted to that por-
tion of it comprised in the Appalachian region which
is sometimes called the middle South. These breeds
are the Shorthorn, Hereford, Aberdeen Angus, Gallo-
way and Sussex. Of course, there are some other
well known beef breeds in the United States, and sev-
eral well established ones, that might be introduced
from foreign conatries, but as they have not been tried
in the South, their adaptation to our conditions is
simply a matter of conjecture, while the purpose of
this article is to discuss briefly the qualities of some
of the bretds which have been reeident long enough in
the country to enable a fair estimate of their value to
be safely made.

Oeigin of the Breeds.

Strange as it may seem, all the five breeds men-
tioned originated in Great Britain ; the Shorthorn,
Hereford and Sussex in England, and the Aberdeen
Angus and Galloway in Scotland. The oldest of these
breeds is the Shorthorn or Durham, the latter name
being taken from the county in which they originated.
They are a cosmopolitan breed, their first improvers
being the Colling Bros., of Ketton, England, who
commenced their work previous to 1780. Among
other distinguished fanciere of these cattle were Messrs.
Bates, Booth and Cruikshanks, men who have stamp-
ed their ideals on the strains which bear their names.
It is interesting to note that the first Importation of
Shorthorns in America is said to have been mide by
Messrs. Goff and Miller, of Virginia.

The Hereford originated in Herefordshire, and ref-
erences were made to them by Speed and Marshall in
1627 and 1788. Benjamin Tompkins and John Price
were the two most celebrated improvers of this breed

1903.]

THE BOTJTHBEN PLANTEB.

28

which is first supposed to have been imported into
the United States by Hon. Henry Clay, of Kentucky,
in 1817.

Aberdeen A.ngU8 cattle originated from the native
stock of the country , and the most notable improver
of the breed was Hugh Wat8on, who estiblished the
Keillor herd in 1808. This breed was first introduced
Into the United States in 1873. Wherever it has gone
it has made ready friends for itself, owing to the splen
did feeding qualities of the animals and their uniform
appearance and kindly disposition.

The Galloway cattle originated in the district whose
name they bear in Scotland. Being reared in a cold,
bleak country, frequently 1,500 feet above the sea
level, they are a hardy, aggressive breed, and have
been celebrated for many jears for the high quality of
meat they produce. They were first introduced into
America by Graham Bros., of Vaughan, Ontario, Can-
ada, in 1853. Since then they have found favor in al-
most every section of the United States.

numbers in America. It is a very difficult matter to
discuss the relative merit of these different breeds, be-
cause there are splendid individuals in all of them,
and the success of a breed is more frequently measured
by environment, and the skill, care and treatment
given it by the owner than by any other factor. It is
impossible to discuss the relative merits of the five
breeds here mentioned in detail, but in order that the
reader may get a fair idea of their many excellent
qualities, the following table has been prepared, which
gives a fair idea of their relative merit. To study them
intelligently, it is first necessary to consider their spe-
cial qualities, contrast their strong and weak points,
and 80 ascertain their value for special locations.
Why People Fail with Impkoved Stock.
One reason why so many people have become dis-
gusted with improved breeds of stock is due to the
fact that they have selected their breeding animals
without regard to the environment from which they
came and to which they are naturally best adapted.

The Sussex cattle originated in Sussex county, Eag
land- and were supposed to have been cotemporaneous
with the Devons at an early date. They made fine
records at the Smithfield Pat Stock Show in London
many years ago, though a Sussex herd book was not
established in England until 1860. They were first
Imported into the United States by Hon. Overton Lea,
of Nashville, Tenn., in 1884, and while 'hey are a most
excellent breed, they are not widely disseminated in
the United States, owing to the comparative newness
of the breed and the small number of persons who are
interested in their production.

A Comparison of the "Qualities" oe the
Several Breeds.

Thi?, then, will give the reader some idea of the ori-
gin of the principal beef breeds introduced into the
South. As our forefathers all came from Great Britain,
it is easy to understand why the special types of beef
animals developed so successfully across the water,
have found so much favor and increased so largely in

Then, after purchasing the animals, they have failed
to realise that improved qualities are engrafted and
maintained by reason of the greater skill exercised in
the care and feeding, breeding and management of the
stock. Animals brought up under favorable condi-
tions, and suddenly removed from these, will surely
deteriorate in the direction of the scrub. Considering
the vital interest be«f husbandry should have for our
people, it is very important that they familiari«e
themselves with the qualities of the various breeds of
stock before purchasing them, else they may choose
animals unsuited to their environment, and so reap a
harvest of thorns instead of shekels, though, in the
long run, their own carelessness is the cause of their
final misfortune.

The Shorthorns give their best results on good pas-
tures and on arable lands. They also do well on the
range, the Shorthorn grades being the predominating
type of graded cattle found in every part of the United
i States. Probably th«y have given better results on

24

THE SOUTHERN PLAIirrER

[January

A COMPARISON OF THE QUALITIES OF THE SEVERAL BREEDS.

Shorthorn.

Hereford.

Aberdeen Angus.

Sut-SKX.

Diuemination...

Mardihood..

C«n/ormalion .

CtloT Markingi...

XegxstrcUum.

Apprecialion

Adaptation

Sie«

Maturity

Orating

Feeding

Meal

All over U. S. and in
many foreign coun-
tries.

Good, predominate on
ranges all over coun
try.

Rectangular, blocky,
symmetrical outline
and gracaful car-
riage.

Red, white or ro»n
mixed indiscrimi
nately.

367,950 U. S. H. B.

The most cosmopoli
tan and best knowu
breed.

Very wide; best on
arable, level lands.

Widely distributed in
U. S and Canada,
also in S. A. and Aus.

Bred in many State.=
and in many foreign
countries.

Best results on ranges Medium,
of south and south-
we»t.

Unsurpassed -
mos.

Rectangular, compact
body ; smooth out-
line; docile.

White chiefly on face,
breast belly and
back ; red on neck,
side and quarters.

95 000 A. H. B.

Second only to Short-
horn.

Wide adaptability;
splendid rustlers for
range country.

Practically equal to
Shorthorns.

2 4 -30 Equal to Shorthorns.

ilillc.

Utility /or Cross'g

Weaknesses..

Excellent on good pas
tures.

First class.

High per cent, of good
meat; excellent
quality.

Amount small; qual-
ity good.

More largely used in
past than all other
breeds.

In some instances
weak constitution
due to inand-in
breeding; tendency
to sterility.

Unsurpassed.

About equal to Short-
horn. Inclined to
patchineas under
forced feeding.

Kill well ; produce fine
juicy meat.

Quality good; quan-
tity deficient.

Good on natives and
on Shorthorns and
Galloways.

Poor milkers, large
dewlap, light in
thigh.

Low, sturdy, smooth
cylindrical in out-
line.

32,500 A. H. B.

Not so well known as
some other breeds
great favorites where
introduced

Temperate climates;
arable, undulated
lands.

Found"<<;hiefly in Mo.,
III. , Kan., Minn, and
Canada.

First class.

Low set,, sturdy, ro-
bust, coat curly, fea-
tures fine.

Black.

14,491 A. H. B.

Not so well known a?
breeds previously
mentioned.

Limited to Tenn., Me.^
HI., Ind.,Okl.,Tex.^
Kan., Colo, Canada.

Fair.

Smooth and symmetri-
cal.

Red.

No U. S. record book.
Popular where known

Fine for range pur-
poses, especialy in
northwest.

Nearly equal to Short- Do not scale quite so
horns and Herefords. well as other breeds
mentioned.

Equal to Shorthorns
and Herefords.

First class; unexcelled

Marbling of meat
slightly better than
Shorthorn or Here
ford ; kill well.

Quality good ; quan-
tity deficient.

Excellent on common
stock and Shorthorn
grades.

Indifferent milkers —
somewhat lacking in
scale.

Under '
early.

forced feed,'

Unsurpassed.

Take on flesh smooth
ly ; good feeders.

Finely marbled and
very delicate in fla-
vor.

Quality good ; quan-
tity deficient.

Excellent on common
stock ; remarkably
prepotent.

Poor milkers ; slightly
deficient in scale.

Best for temperate cli-
mates and rich pas-
tures.

Larger in frame than>
Galloway, though
smaller than other
breeds.

Not quite equal to
Shorthorn and Here-
ford.

Excellent.

Put on flesh rapidly
and distribute it well.

Excellent quality^
bone a little coarse.

Excellent, but defi-
cient in quantity.

Not been used exten-
sively for this pur»
pose.

Dissemination too lim-
ited to enable a cor»-
rect estimate.

the ranches of the West and Northwest, and in the
Appalachian region of the South, than some other
breeds. The Shorthorn grade is still regarded by the
majority of American breeders and feeders as the best
general purpose animal that has ever been produced.
The Herefords are well adapted for rnstliBg and
hunting their food over wide areas, They have given

the most excellent results on the ranches of the Sonth
and Southwest, where they have increased wonderfully
in numbers in the past few years. In fact, the Hereford
sires have been so largely used on some ranches that
the type of the native has entirely disappeared and
given place to the popular white face and red mark-
ings of the Hereford breed. As rustlers for range pojr

D. H. HILL LIBRARY

North Carolina State Cortege

1»03.]

THE SOUTHERN PLANTER.

26

Hereford Bull at the head of the '' Herbert Domain Herd of Tennessee."
poses, especially in the Southwest country, the Here- laud quantity of food the various improved types re-
fords have something of an advantage over any of the quire. It is impossible to answer this question spe-
other improved breeds at the present time. : cifically, for it is a matter that has not been worked

The Aberdeen Angus, on the other hand, has not out experimentally. While individual animals vary,
been tried for that purpose so extensively as either of the bieeds as a whole do not differ materially as to the
the other breeds. Naturally, they are more like the \ amount of food consumed for a pound of gain. In
Shorthorn, and give better returns on arable lands sections where white clover or blue jrass, or other
and good pastures. For stall feeding purposes, they tame paetuies can be established and utilieed for the
are probably unexcelled, taking on flesh and fat more entire summer and partial winter grazing as well,
rapidly and uniformly than any of the other breeds, ! there will be no difBculty about maintaining any of
and being short in the leg, compact in conformation, the above breeds, while for the supplemental feeds re-
and cylindrical in appearance, with a jet black coat, quired for the winter feeding, or for the finishing of
they finish up in the most superb form when placed the grades of these breeds, there will be still less diffi-
«n "forced feeding." culty. The whole area is well adapted to the cultiva-

The Galloway, on the other hand, is well adapted tion of corn. On improved lands, even of upland

for range purposes. It does well on the Northwestern
prairies, where the winter is particularly trying. It
has a long, shaggy, curly overcoat, with a thick, fine
undercoat, enabling it to stand the cold weather with
comparative impunity.

The Sussex are more of the type of the Shorthorn
and Aberdeen- Angus, and will give their best results
when placed under a similar environment.

In the diversified country of the Appalachian re
gion, the animals best adapted for rarge purposes will
be the grade Shorthorns, Hereford and Galloway.
Those best adapted for maintenance on the rich valley
lands or the excellent pastures that prevail over wide
areas of this section, or for winter feeding on surplus
eorn and cotton products of the rich river bottoms,
are the Shorthorn, Angus and Sussex.

MAiNTAmiNQ Improved Stock.
The next question that arises is as to the quality

types, 30 to 40 busht'ls of corn can be raised under in-
tensive culture, while on the bottoms it will frequent-
ly go to 100 bushels. Cotton is raised more or less in
all parts of the region under consideration, and cot-
ton seed meal, combined with corn meal, forms a per-
fect concentrate for the maintenance of breeding ani-
mals or for the winter feeding of the grades. In ad-
dition, So) beans do well, and will produce from 25
to 40 bushels per acre under proper treatment, thus
adding another concentrate of the highest feeding
value for the purpose mentioned. Pea hay can also
he produced in large quantities at a moderate cost.
Corn stover can be had in abundance. Silage, con-
taining from 15 to 25 per cent, of cow- peas, can be
made from sorghnm or corn at a cost of about $1 per
ton, while yields of 12 to 15 tons per acre show the
readiness with which the soil will yield suitable crops
for the winter feeding of beef cattle when given proper
culture and fertilization. There is thus no difficalty

26

THE MKUTHEEN PLAJrTKB.

[ Jannai j

Grade Hereford Calves in the " Herbert Domain " Herd, showing the result of crossing a pure V^red sire on native cows.

in the way of maintaining either the improved breeds
intact, or the grades on the range in the sammT or
"on feed" in the winter.

If there is any difi&culy in the way of introducing
or handling improved stock by reason of the scarcity
or high prices of suitable food stnflfs, it is certainly
the fault of the farmer, because nature has done her
part in that she has provided an environ a.ent in

Miss Stuffe, Lady Nosegay French and liarun Koseby, types
of Aberdeen-Angus cattle, owned and bred by A. L. French,
of Fitzgerald, N. C.

which the most desirable crops for the maintenance of

cattle can be grown to perfection, whether the end in

view be cheap fodder or hay or rich concentrates.

Stockmen Needed.

A little study and forethought will overcome the
difl&cnlties of the feeding problem, but there is an
other obstacle which may prove more serious, and
that is the lack of generations of training in the man

agement of improved stock. While education will
make a live, up to date stockman, the process is often
slow with inexperienced and untrained laborers. Men
who have learned to till the fields, or to cultivate cot- ■
ton, do not take kindly to what they term the drudge-^
ry of the live stock business, an idea that loses casfce
very quickly when one becomes well acquainted with
the live stock business. The man who would be a
successful feeder and breeder must know his animals
individually; he must study their needs each day in
order that he may supply their varying wants prompt-
ly. He must grow up with his animals, as it were,
and they must become a part of his being. This does
not require personal sacrifice to the real student of
iDimal production, yet it constitutes the principal es-
sential of success in a stockman. The man who enters
into the breeding of live stock should have an inhe-
rent love for animals, and be willing to devote his
time and attention, his thought and his energies, to
the development of animals of unequalled excellence,
for this should be the obje 't of every successful stock-
man.

Need of a Fence Law.

Another and mo3t serlons difficulty in the way of
introducing improved stock in the Appalachian re-
gion is due to the need of an adequate fence law in
many sections of the country. In other words, the
owner of a farm must fence his land to keep out his
neighbor's stock. This certainly seems to be wrong,
and is one of the most serious drawbacks to stock-
husbandry at the present day. It is a drawback be-
cause it permits the slothful and indiflferent man to
turn loose upon the community males of the most in-

1903.]

THE SOUTHERN PLANTER.

27

different quality, which not only prove a menace to
the highly bred stock of the progressive farmer, but
also seriously interferes with the legitimate develop
ment of his business. The present system of fencing,
as it exists in some of the States of the Appalachian
region, is altogether wrong, and must be righted be
fore our live stock will improve as rapidly as the nat
ural conditions now warrant. The sooner the live
stockmen can get together in a grand co operative
movement, and see that this unjustifiable nuisance is
abated and properly regulated by law, the better it
will be for every agricultural interest of the South,

as in many other sections of the country. In the sum
mer time, the large number of running streams pro-
vide an abundance of pure water, and in no section
of the United States do trees grow more vigorously
or lend more grateful shade during the heat of the
day. In the winter time, snow raiely falls, and if it
does, stajs but a day or two, while it is a matter o
common remark among "the oldest inhabiants"
when the thermometer goes below zero. Even then
it will only be a temporary matter, lasting for two or
three days. Andrew M. Soule,

Vice Director and Agriculturist.
Experiment Station, Knoxville, Tenn.

Sussex Steer. — Rosewood, Champion Yearlina;, Fat Stock Show
1888, the property of Mr. Overton Lea, Nashville, Tenn.

for there is no interest more widespreading in its in-
fluence, or which needs to be developed more consist-
ently and rapidly for the greatest good of our farmers
than our animal industries.

A Superb Climate.
Some have urged that the Southern climate is hot,
and that the heavy beef breeds will of necessity not
do so well. There is nothing in this contention so far
as it applies to the Appalachian region. The eleva-
tion of the country above sea level is sufficient to pro
vide the most equable climate, both in summer and
winter. Extremes of heat and cold are not met with

FOOT AND nOUTH DISEASE IN CATTLE.

Editor of Southern Planter.

Secretary Wilson's appeal to Congress for an emer-
gency appropriation of $L.000,000, to enable the De-
partment of Agriculture to suppress the foot and mouth
disease that has broken out among cattle in New Eng-
land, should meet with the hearty approval of every
American farmer.

In my visits to Germany and Switzerland I hava
been frequently struck with the ravages of this dis-
ease, despite the unceasing activity of the govern-
ments and local authorities, as well as of agricultural
societies, live stock insurance companies and private
individuals. In my foot tours through the Swiss Alps,
last summer, I noticed a large number of roads and
paths leading to infected districts that were closed and
guarded. Both of these countries have adopted every
known precautionary measure, and are well provided
with very capable veterinarians, but still the " Maul-
nnd Klauen seuche" holds its own.

In Germany it is quite probable that a new stock
disease law will be enacted at thiseefsion of the Reich-
stag or the old quarantine law amended, as it has been
shown that quarantining foreign cattle on the German
frontier has not been able to prevent the spread of the
disease. Sam'l Rolfe Millar,

Warren Co.,ya., Dec. 10, 1902.

28

THE SOUTHERN PLANTER

[Janaary

BREEDS OF SHEEP FOR THE SOUTH.

BdUor Southern Planter:

Sheep fill a most important position in advanced
agriculture. The presence of a flock, on any farm,
may be taken without qaeetion as an indication that
it is in the hands of a wise and successful farmer.
There are several reasons for this. The mere feeding
of sheep is conducive to profit. There is no other ani
iBal kept on a farm which returns so much income dl
rectly, and no other which exercises so useful a result
on the land by its mere feeding. It is an omnivorous
feeder, and the larger part of its feeding is made up of
what would otherwise be wasted. It gleans the fields,
it picks up all the small residues of other animals feed
ing, and it turns itj food into three different sources
of income to the farmer. Moreover, by its needed de
mauds on the farmer it forces him to practice the most
economical methods of working his land, and growing
crops. Let us give at this point oae single exam-
ple. There is a fodder plant of the turnip family
known as rape. Two pounds of seed sown on an acre
at the last working of the corn crop, or oa any other
convenient otherwise idle part of the farm, will feed
thirty sheep from the time the corn is cut to the snow
fall, or even later, as conditions may permit. The
rape will renew its growth early in the spring, and
contribute still more feed until the next crop, which
iB usually oats, is sown ; and then after it is harvested
the growth on the stubble will contribute still more
feed. Tills is only one instance, mentioned in the oat
Mt of this article, among many which go to show the
simple and easy manner of supporting a flock on any
&rm under common methods of culture. And in this
manner the feeding of the flock will come in a sort
of rotation with other uses of the land, every one of
which is conducive to economy, profit, and improve
ment of the soil by which other parts of the farm man-
agement may be increased in productive value. There
1* no difficulty about it. The only single thing to be
done is to go and do it by whatever easiest method it
may be. And as soon as one season has give.i the
needed experience, the work will be easier and sim
pier, and the owner of a flock will be amated that he
did not fall into the habit earlier. We are not just
now studying the methods by whieh the flock may be
■npported and managed all through, but only the kinds
of sheep which are best salted to the conditions of ag
ricultare in the South ; indeed, everywhere in fact ;
for the special circumstances by which the Southern
farmer Is surrounded and controlled are varied very
little by his special environments. In fact, his circum
stances make it an easier business to him than to any
farmer in other localities, and one single thing only
need be mentioned to make this very plain. This is

that in the South sheep may live every day in the
fields, and gather their subsistence on what in other
localities might go to waste as far as making money
profit out of it ; and a flock may be so managed as not
only to subsist itself with ease but at the same to so
improve the soil by the improved conditions — growing
out of the feeding of the flock, as that each acre of
land may soon doable its produce without any other
addition to the resources of the farm.

And in thus adding to these resources it matters lit-
tle whac kind of sheep is kept. A sheep is a sheep,
in this respect ; and it is only a matter of convenience
and fancy which breed is chosen for this use Yeb the
fancy goes a long way in regard to tlie pleasure and
profit of keeping a flock. Tastes differ in this respect ;
and so the kind of shcp chosen should please the
fancy of the owner ; for what we love best in this re-
spect we make the most successful and profitable.

Breeds of Sheep Most Suitable.
Sheep may be distinguished as fitted for the farm or
for the range, and some for the special purpose of rear-
ing lambs for the early markets, when there is a de-
mand for tender lamb of two or three months' growth,
which has been increased to the greatest extent by
skillful feeding. On account of the favorable climate
and nearness to the best markets for thes ), those sheep
most eminently fitted for this use In the South should
be first noticed. Sheep, indeed, are the most easily
adapted to varying conditions of all domestic animals ;
but while this is so, and by a little education a flock
may be trained to bring the lambs at any desired time,
yet there is a breed which has been so trained for many
years as a special business that lambs may be had at
any time of the year, or in fact twice in the year, if ib
is desired. This special breed is known as

The Dorset Breed.

In our description of the best sheep for the South
this one we choose first, both for the ease of its man-
agement and its value. In addition to these special
qualifications, it has the advantage of having been
reared in a warm climate, very much similar to the
average of the Southern Stites ; and, which is a most
important consideration, the principal great consum-
ing markets for the lambs are in close proximity to
the most convenient and suitable localities for the
breeding and rearing of them.

The Dorset sheep is a horned breed, which is a na-
tive of the county of Dorset, in the south of England,
of which the climate is mild and pleasant, having no
severe we*ther in the winter, but the flocks are able
to pasture out the whole year. The climate has its
special features repeated in several localities of the
South, especially on the sea coast and adj*cent low-
lands, with the low ridges further west. Both rams

1903.]

THE 80UTHBEN PLAJNTEB.

29

Dorset— Sweepstake Ram at the great Omaha Exposition.
Bred and owned by R. Stuyvesant, owner of the Tran-
quility Stock Farms, New Jersey.

and ewes are horned ; the face is white, broad, and
neatlj formed, the horns curving spirally on each side,
giving a solid, stately and substantial figure to the
whole animal. This breed is able to maintain itself
in defense against dogs, which in the South are really
the only serious obstacle to the success of the flocks ;
for the other conditions, as the weather, the soil, the
climate and the feeding, are more favored by nature
than in any other part of the whole Union. In fact,
we have everything in favor of the shepherd's Indus
try, and our especial conditions of agriculture all go
to make sheep keeping not only profitable in itself,
bnt advantageous to the whole culture of the soil, under
our greatly vaiied system of agiiculture. This useful
sheep is exceedingly hardy, and less subject to diseases
which arise from neglect than any other breed. It
yields a fleece of five pounds of pure, white, medium
fine wool, most favorably adapted for the smaller kinds
of home manufacture common in the South. The
wethers, when fed for market at two ytars of age,
yield a dressed weight of eighty pounds of excellent
mutton. Oq the whole, we may very justly give this
breed the first place in the list of sheep best adapted
to Southern conditions. Its long and careful breeding
has given it a strong constitution and a remarkably
successful ability of the ram to impress its character
on the native sheep, so that nearly every half bred
lamb is horned like its sire.

The Sheopshibe.
For several good reasons this sheep enjoys the repu
tatlon of bei*g the moat desirable of all the breeds. It
has been bred everywhere, and from Florida to the
far Northwest among the great range flocks, it main
tains its reputation for hardiness in cold or heat, under
spare or luxurious living, and as the mother of strong

which are most suitable to the conditions of the South-
ern farmer ; quite as well as to those prevailing in the
far West and Northwest, where the flocks rat ge over
the dry ranges, and have to contend with the fierce
storms which the Bistern shepherd is unable to real-
ize even in his dreams. It is one of the oldest breeds,
and one of the first to be brought from its Eoglish
home, on the most fertile farms of that well farmed
country, and it has miintained here its character for
hardiness, good feeding, healthfnlnes-s, and its value
for its mutton and wool. Its fleece is well adapted to
the conditions peculiar to the South, especially for the
us 9 of the local country mills, and is marketable at the
highest prices anywhere. The wool is between fine
and coarse, and the fleece varies in weight as its keep-
ing may have been, from six to eight pounds for ewes,
and proportionately more for wethers and rams. It
will yield over twenty pounds to the quarter of the
very best of mutton, when in moderately good condi-
tion, after a reasonably good feeding. It fattens easily,
and for domestic use may be taken from the pasture
any day in the year, and furnish the best of meat. Its
habits are quiet ; it is not given to wander from its
pasture or its home. It is an attractive sheep having
a dark face, varying from black to a light smutty or
brown color, all over, or in patches. It is an excel-

Shkopshire.— First Prize Shearling Ram at the Royal Show,
owned by R. P. Cooper.

lent dam for the early market lambs, and when bred

to a Dorset ram, or when the ram of this breed is used

with the common native sheep, the lamb will easily

reach a weight of fifty pounds at ten or twelve weeks

age. The Shropshire ram is the best animal to cross

on our common native S )uthern ewes, and two crosses

will produce sheep which will e isily go for purebred.

It may be said, that with the exception of the Merino

ram, it is by far the best kind to cross on our common

Southern ewes for the purpose of improving a flock.

The Hampshiee.

This breed of sheep was introduced into Virginia by

hardy lambs. It is one of the mediam-sized breeds I George Washington, and until its complete destraotioa

30

CHE 80DTHBRN PIiANTBB.

[January

HAMrsHiBB.— Cambuscan, First Prize Hampshire at the Royal
Show, owned by J. <j. Massey, of Colorado.

in tbe war, was quite commoa and conspicuous by its
dark face and large size on the best of the Southern
farms. Since the prostration, as may be said, of South-
ern agriculture by the baibarities of war, it has dis-
appeared except in a few localities, bat even there and
under partial care it is now what it should be by its
nature, the finest of those dark faced breeds commonly
called the Down breeds. It is a native of the Hamp
shire downs, or rolling meadows of the South of Eng-
land, and is one of the most ancient of the English
breeds. It is a large sheep and has a heavy fleece of
wool longer than that of the Shropshire. An arerage
fleece should weigh eight pounds, and the wool is com
monly over six inches in length. But it is most valu-
able for its mutton ; the flesh is tender and well mixed
with the fat, and mora live weight of carcass is made
in proportion to the food by this breed than by any
other. A well fed yearling wether of this kind will
easily make a dressed weight of eighty to ninety
pounds. The Hampshire ram is the most valuable of
all breeds for crossing on the small native sheep, al-
though its size and weight might seem to be nnsuita
ble for this use. The size of the ram, however, does
not interfere with the progeny in any injurious way ;
for it is the ewe, and not the ram, which gives the size
to the new-born lamb. The ram gives to the lambs the
habit and ability to make growth after birth, and it
is the fact that the most growth fiom the same allow
anceof food has been made by this breed in every test
made ; and this ability to make rapid and profitable
growth is not equalled by any other breed, even under
ordinary conditions of the farm. This characteristic
is the mo9t important for the consideration of the
farmer who is rearing sheep for profit. For the same
feed this breed gives more wool and more flesh than
any other, and thus the farmer who desires profit may
well choose this for the means to be used.

The Southdown.
This sheep is universally considered by all experts
to be the mosi beautiful animal of the kind in the
world. At the exhibitions of live stock the pens occu-
pied by these sheep are the most observed and fre-
quented, and the beautifully formed, smoothly wooled,
and generally attractive animals in the pens set apart
for the SjuthdowDS attract the attention and the ad-
miration, even of the children. Its beauty of form ;
smooth, clean, round body, short legs, clear fine head,
and broad saddle, combine to attract those who never
owned a sheep, as well as every observer who has or
does. Its history justifies this praise. For, daring
nearly two thousand years this sheep has existed and
furnished industry and wealth to the English farmers
in that part of that fertile and beautiful isle commonly
known as the Downs. This breed has been used for
improving nearly every other. The Shropshire, Hamp-
shire, and other so called Down breeds, all owe their
finest points to the infnsed bload of the Southdown,
while most of the more than dozen breeds, bred in
England — the home of all our American sheep except
the Merino — have been improved by the mixed blood

Southdown.— Champion Shearling Rams at the Rival Show,
1902, owned by the Kins; of England.

of thi^ beautiful sheep. One becomes in love with
this sheep on sight ; and if sheep were kept only for
their beauty, this breed would be the only one in ex-
istence. But it is not only beautiful, but is good as
well. That this should be so consists with the value put
on it as an improver of every one of the so called Down
breed ; and not only of these, but several other breeds,
have been refined by the mixture of Southdown blood
in them. For itself alone it is the choice of every
wealthy sheep farmer in the South, whose lawn is or-
namented as well as made useful by being made the
pasture of a flock of these sheep. It is chosen to orna-
ment the parks of the great cities of the North, and it
is not only beautiful but it is as good as it is beautiful.
Its carcass famishes the very best mutton in the most

1903.]

THE 80UTHEKN PLAITTER.

31

desirable and economical form, Bach as the saddle of
mntton, the leg, and the shoulder ; while every other
part of the animal is econoaiical for use on the table
on account of its fine bone and the liberal covering of
Bweet, juicy meat. For this natural excellence it has
been adopted as the general improver of other breeds,
and even now a cross of it is found desirable by bre«'d
ers of the other so called Down breeds. For this
refines the gradually increasing coarseness of the
others, and so adds to the value of the flock
BO improved. There is no other sheep which in
BO many pointi deserves general admiration; but yet
It Is not by any means the most popular. This test of
Talue is owned by the Shropshire most of all the coarse
wool breeds; and the Southdown has several other
successful competitors. lis lamb by a Merino ewe is
the plumpest and fattest of its age of all other kinds ;
but yet the coarser, heavier breeds are more popula
as sires for the market lambs. For ornament on the
lawn of any farmer who can afford to sacrilice a dollar
or two to gain satisfaction in this way, or for their
beauty in a well kept meadow, there is no other breed
equals this ; and as well as its beauty, it supplies the
best of all mutton, although at a little higher cost.
For the farmer who is not wholly in pursuit of piofit
all the time, and is desirous of sacrificing a few possi
ble dollars for the sake of pleasure, this beautiful
sheep cannot be excelled. It is not meant that it is
not a profitable sheep, but that it may not be as prof
itable as some of the other breeds described ; and yet
It may be so under special circumstances, for one will
always do the best with what he loves the best, and so
this sheep may really be the most profitable because,
on account of its beauty of form, it will attract not
only the care and attention of its owner, but his love
and admiration as well. When used as the sire of mar
ket lambs by a Merino ewe, the produce will easily
bring a dollar a head more than that of any other sire;
but in general the size and weight of a lamb goes with
the multitude before mere quality, this qualification
being most popular with the fewest purchasers. And
yet for love of this beautiful sheep the writer would
make this sacrifice, and commend this disposition in
his readers. Its wool furnishes the best material for
the finest blankets and the softest clothing material ;
its flesh is the sweetest mutton , but it requires, as all
other excellent things do, the very best material for
the making of it. It delights in a short, thick, blue
grass pasture, and is by no means a coarse feeder. A
well fed two- year- old will make eighteen pounds to the
quarter, but the light weight is compensated for some-
what by the finer lighter bone. Two thirds of its live
weight of salable meat of the best quality is the ordi-
nary product of a sheep of this breed. It will not do
well on coarse keeping, and thus is not the right sheep

for a careless farmer. But in the right place, It will
well repay the keeper for all his care. As an improver
of every other breed, and as a refining influence. It
has a special value for the most intelligent and enter-
prising shepherds.

The Mbeino.
By far the mo?t numerous breed of sheep now in
existence is the Merino. It is the most numerous In
our own country, while in some other countries it Is
practically the only breed kept. This is due to the
value of the wool, which is the staple clothing wool of
the world. But of late sub breeds of this valuable
sheep have been produced, which have generally im-
proved the race, and have made some kinds of these
as valuable for mutton as any of the so called mutton
sheep. The only objection made to the meat of these
sheep is the "eheepy" flavor of the meat, as much in

RAMBoriLLET. — The great ram in the German Empire in 1902
now owned by Beaver Stock Fam, North Dakota. ^'

the same way we call the flesh of the goat strong in a
peculiar flavor. The special flavor of the meat is
really an advantage, as when once used to eat mutton
this peculiarity of the flesh becomes decidedly agree-
able. But, actually, as the common sheep kept is
more of a Merino than anything else, and this is the
staple supply of the markets at the present, and has
always been in the past, the Merino of any of the va-
rieties is equally as excellent for mutton as any other
kind of sheep. This breed of sheep is most remarka-
ble for the large quantity of yolk and oil in the fleece,
and as this is secreted by the skin, of course there is
at all times more or less of it in the pores of the skin,
but it is by no means necessary that the flesh should
be tainted in the least by this special odor of the
sheep than that the flesh of the hog should be so af-
fected by the special odor of that animal. Indeed, the
woolly flavor of the home dressed mutton is simply
due to mistake in dressing the carcass. It does not
come from the skin, but from th« interior cf the ani-

32

THE 80UTHEEN PLANTEB.

[January

mal, and if the carcass of a sheep is empi^^^d of its
contents quickly, and the removal of the skin is left
until the interior of the animal is freed from its con
tont«, from which this special odor ia derived, the
muttOB is then free from any odor whatever, and is as
sweet as the meat of a young, lamb.

Thus the various sub breeds, as they may be called,
of the Merino may be as valuable for mucton, in spite
of the oillness and the yolk of the fleece, as any other
kind of sheep; and even with the little care taken in
dressing a sheep, and by skilful cooking, the mutton
of a Merino of any kind may be really as good and
well flavored as that of a Southdown.

The best of the Merinos Is the French or Eambouil
let ; an exceedingly valuable sheep and a very great
improvement on the small old-fashioned Merinos, as
much so as the big Shorthorn cattle are on the com
mon scrubs. This class of sheep, however, is kept
mostly for fleece, which consists of the finest kind of
wool used for the most costly kinds of clothing ; and
the enormous quantity of wool of this most valuable
kind borne by this sheep gives it a special value for
the farmer's flock. It is exceedingly hardy, and
makes quite as much of the best meat as the favorite
Southdown ; the only difference being one cent a pound
in the value of the legs alone, all other parts bringing
in the market as high prices as the best of all other
breeds. It is the form of the animal by which its
value to the butcher is ma le ; and while the Merino
is a little deficient in its finished weight altogether,
yet, in regard to the Southdown, the Merino exceeds
it in the value of the ribs and loins, parts which we
all know go to make up the most value of a meat
carcass.

For crossing on the common native sheep, there is
no question of the excess in value of the Rambouillet
Merino, commonly called the French Merino, and
this variety is to be commended and recommended
for the use of the farm, both for its most valuable
fleece as to quantity and the market price of it, and
next only to the best of all other breeds for its mutton.

We wish to say a few words in regard to the value
of the fl Jck as improvers of the soil. The sheep's foot
is golden, is a very ancient proverb, and its history
from the most ancient time to the present proves the
truth of the adage. The sheep lives well on the sur
plus of the farm, which for want of it will go to waste.
It returns in the manure more value from its food than
any other animal. It gives to its feeder three profits

ite fleece, its growth, and its lamb. It is the gleaner

of the wastes otherwise lost. It makes more profit,
too, in its early maturity for market, and its lambs,
costing actually only a few cents, when two or three
months old, bring over twice as much as any two year
old sheep will. Quick returns make big profits, and

there is no quicker profit in anything made than In a
three-months old lamb, which sells for twice as much as
its dam will. Everywhere, the best farming is accom*
panled by, and really is a result of, a well kept flock.
MacoH Co., N. G. Heney Stewabt.

DEVON CATTLE.

Editor Southern Planter :

These cattle, with reference to whom Youatt said
"The very best are the best in the world," have many
staunch admirers, and without a mention of them evea
a holiday number of the Planter would be shorn of an
attraction in the eyes of lovers of the somewhat small
but perfect type of North Devon. The old type of
North Devon has been studied and most carefully coa-
ferved in its original habitat, and most of the stock in
the United States traces not only to the best recorded
ancestry, but to th« beat reputed herds in existence
long prior to registration, and its impression is neces-
sary for character and quality in Devon herds grazed
on richer land and more liberally fed, which naturally
develope larger and heavier frames in course of time.
The writer has been a Devon breeder for over twenty
J ears, and finds these hardy red eattle well adapted to
his surroundings, which are not good enough for Shorl-
horns and Herefords. The Devon thrives well on short
grass, quickly responds to any extra feed, and whea
fat weighs uncommonly well. His ability to stamp
his good qualities of shape, thriftlness, color and do-
cility on any breed of any color he may be mated with
makes him a most valuable animal to the stock grower
on moderately fertile land. As a dairy animal, th«
Devon can hold its own, and for the production of oxen
for the yoke stands pre-emiaent for strength, quick-
ness and powers of endurance. In my experience the
only weak point in the Devon is that he does not ma-
ture until three or four years old ; indeed, I have
known oxen fed at seven years old make considera-
ble growth up to that time. In these days of ' ' baby
beef" and early maturity this is quite a drawback. If
the Devon was as precocious as the Angus or Gallo-
way he would easily be monarch of all he surveys,
and no other beef animal would be grazed or fed.

The Eastern States have from early days carried th«
biggest proportion of Devon cattle, but now there are
many fine herds to be found in th« South and South-
west.

I can hardly close without referring to Dr. Morris,
of Chester county, Pa., who has done the State, and
the Devon interest particularly, some service by im-
porting those rare good bulls "Taurus" and "Duke
of Molland," who, I believe, trace back through the
"Famous" family to "Long-horned Curly," the moat
valuable of all Devon foundation pedigrees.

Orange Co., Va. E. J. P.

1903. ]

THB 80TJTHBEN PLAJTTBB.

33

Beekshirb. — Imported Highclkrb Topper 51934.
THE BROOD SOW.
Sditor Southern Planter :

Since a good brood sow is a sine qua non for success
ful hog raising, I do not know of any section of this
Industry that should be of more general interest. I
will commencs with a few chief requirements which
go to make a sow profitable to the raiser of fat pigs for
the market. First of all, these are, roughly, size or
development, combined with good formation and a
certain matronly appearance that is hard to describe,
a rangy roomy sow without being loose or leggy and
that promises to make a good milker. Not coarse in
the shoulder, but with all the depth of sides possible,
and good deep and wide hams, and strong, straight,
and even slightly arched back as indicating good con
dition and vigor ; ample heart and lung room, and
at least twelve teats of even size, should all be looked
for. I say of even size, for occasionally a sow will
have some of the teats blind, and this is, of course, a
■erions defect, and one which is certainly hereditary.
The number of pigs which a sow will have in a litter
is also largely hereditary, some females being much
more prolific than others. For this reason, sow pigs
which are to be kept for breeding from should be ee-
lected out of large and even litters.

As a general thing, insufiBcient attention is given to
the fact that sows will vary largely in the amount of
milk they produce, almost as much as cows, and there
is, therefore, a correspondingly quicker or slower
growth of the pigs. I will not go so far as to say one
OBght to look for dairy type in a brood sow, but it
comes very near to this. There is a certain type of
short coupled and necked and heavy shouldered nat
■rally rounded all over sow that in nine cases out of
ten will not make a first-class milker, and it is unfor-
tunately a fact that the show sow, which cannot be
beaten in the ring, is not always the producer of the
most thrifty litter unless she is prepared and fed with
great care for a long time beforehand, and even then
It is very uncertain.

Disposition is another hereditary trait. An excita-
ble, ill-tempered beast is not worth fooling with, as
the odds are in favor of her get being the same|way,

and she will certainly give undue trouble to the at-
tendants during and just after farrowing. As this ar-
ticle is more in the interest of the production of pork
on a small scale than breeding thoroughbred animals
I will say nothing abiut such points as good feet, for-
mation of head and ears, setting on of tail, etc., all
of which are not necessary in this case and less im-
portant than the above. However, there are none of
these excppt color, placing and shape of ears and set-
ting on of tail but what are founded upon practical
requirements, and every owner of a few pigs can cer-
tainly lose nothing by studying over the score cards
of the different breeds and trying to figure out the
reason for the division of points.

As to the sow's breed, she is, I hope, a grade and
not a scrub. One cross, at least, or two crosses, by a
thoroughbred boar of some of improved breeds upon
a razor-back hog, will work wonders both in early ma-
turity, increased value of sides and hams, and quick
fattening at very little cost. I am, myself, naturally
in favor of the Berkshire grade. They are certainly
good grazers, average well for the number in litter,
and the blood is so very prepotent owing to the length
of time during which Berkshires have been bred pure
that one cross will do a great deal, T think more than
any other breed when used on the scrub or razor-back.
The Tamworth just now has been creating some at-
traction, but the breed is only about one- third the age
of the Berkshires ; moreover, the sweepstakes at the
Birmingham Fat Stock Show (a strong place for the
consideration of fancy bacon and ham points), was
this year won by the Berkshire, and the sweepstakes
for the car load of fat hogs at the Great International
at Chicago this year was also won by the Berkshire.
So, apparently, both sides of the "pond" have come
to the same conclusion.

The tendency and the greatest profit foi the last few
years has been for marketing young pigs, especially
since so many have realized that it costs far less grain
and time to make a pound of pork in a young pig that
is under one year old than it does afterwards. In
other words, the first two hundred pounds is the
cheapest. After that, every pound that is added in-
creases in cost. Moreover, these young pigs of me-
dium weight bring the highest prices in the market.
The farmer, therefore, must breed his sows to satisfy
the economy of his farm. If they are bred to come in
the first of the year, and I think in the Southern cli-
mate this is the best time, they are then fat and ready
to kill in November or December, and by this means
the greater part of the fattening process can come on
during warm weather at a time of the year when the
greatest number of pounds can be secured from a
bushel of corn, and when this yield can be still more
increased by feeding it in connection with suitable

34

THE SOUTHERN PLANTEB.

[January

pastures. If sows are to farrow any time before Apiil,
farrowing pens must be provided. Ttiese, however,
can be of very ciieap construction so long as they can
be kept clean and dry, and, above all, are open to the
south. I would rither have a litter of pigs under a
pine brush roof, so long as it is water tight and open
to the south, than have to winter them in the bast
possible building that was located as I have seen
many. There is hardly an animal more subject to
rheumatism and other ilh if they are raised in cold,
damp buildings than is a pig during its early days.

The feeding of the sow before and after farrowing
would take more to go into than my entire space
would allow. The main point is to let them come in
in good condition, but not fat, and not feed on heating
foods and not to start the milk with warm slops until
all the inflammation, or danger of inflammation, is
over, as a good milking sow, like a cow, is much more
apt to suffer from caked teats than the poor sow.

There are quite a variety of feeds that can be drawn
upon for sucnlent feed in winter. The Irish potato (I
have had no experience with sweet but they are verj
favorably reported upon) is the favorite. Potato rais
ers can use their small and cull potatoes very profit i-
bly and easily. Probably the quickest way to prepare
them is to steam them by cooking in a large iron boiler
that can be tightly covered, with two or three gallons
of water only in the bottom. A small fire will soon
boil the water and after a time the steam will bring
the whole mass to such a heat that it only requires to
be left covered up to complete the process. The ex
cess of water, however, should be poured off before
mashing the potatoes, as it is supposed to extract the
poisonous substance from the potato skins, but I have
never cared to make the experiment as to whether it
is so or not. Mangels, another root that is both cheap
and serviceable for furnishing a suckling feed during
the winter (although English breeders object to feed
ing them to sows soon due to farrow, but we hare fed
them off and on here and never noticed the slightest
injurious effect). Pumpkins are another most valua-
ble suckling feed, but are not raised in the South as
much as they should be. Among the grains, the stand
»rd is a mixture of bran and shorts, but it is frequently
economical to use instead of the bran Brewers' Grains
when the market price makes this the cheapest feed.
However much corn on hand this should be reserved
for the fattening process and the mixture of bran and
shorts fed as a slop to the biood sow and her young
litter. If the lucky breeder can add skim milk he
will then push them along with the greatett possible
r»pldity. In lieu of this there are very favorable re
ports upon the use of dried blood.

At the present market price of pork it certainly
pays to go to the trouble and expense of giving a little

extra attention and feed to the sow and her young lit-
ter. The proposition, of course, is a very different
one, if she farrows later on and can be turned out
on clover and alfalfa fields or an old meadow, There
are some most valuable experiments as to the value
of growing good red clover or alfalfa when marketed
in the way of pork. There is certainly no cheaper
way of growing a pig, and with the present market*
there is no reason why every farmer, however small,
should not have a certain area in one of these cropa
which he can market through his pigs.

For a late fall and winter run for hogs many feeder*
have found it pays well to put in special crops, allow-
ing the hogs to gather them, and feeding at the same
time their corn or other fattening ration in connection.
Sweet potatoes, chufas and artichokes lead the list in
popularity. A woodland run is of great benefit dur-
ing the late winter months, as a hog doubtless enjoys
rooting and certainly picks up a little varied diet
which does much towards keeping the digestive organi
in tone. I think that one of the commonest faults in
fattening hogs for the market is insuflacient varying of
the feed, often confining it to the staple article corn.

Finally, it is a mistake to breed from Immature ani-
mals. *A sow is hardly in condition to take care of a
licter before she is a year old, and a boar should not
be used for service under nine months. While a sow
can be made to bring three litters a year, it is difficult
aad certainly not profitable. Two litters in one year
is all that should be asked from her if pigs that will
grow off quickly and with plenty of vigor are desired.
The diseases met with are not many and are caused
chiefly by bad feeding, dusty and dirty quarters, and
are chiefly met with in the shape of colds, bowel com-
plaints and the parasitic worms with which many lots
are infected and which attack the young Utters very
early, lodging In the bronchial tubes and lungs.

Hog cholera, the most dreaded of all diseases and
certainly the most contagious, has, In the end, been a
good thing for the breeders of thoroughbred hogs ; as,
whilst many herds are almost wiped out of existence
the market Is Increased for the others ; but this Is even
worse as there Is no Indirect profit In the case of the
man raising pigs for pork. Careful quarantining of
all animals that have come In from outside on some
outstanding farm, or as far away from where the per
manent pigs are kept, Is the only way to keep this out
of the herd, and even with every care It will some-
times break out. I am glad to say that I have had
most favorable reports of an antl- toxin treatment
which is certainly the most rational and the first pre-
ventive that recommends Itself as based upon sound
principles.

Buncombe Co., N. 0. G. F. W.

I9t>3.j

THE SOtJTHBEN PLAIJTBB.

35

The Poultry Yard.

FEEDINQ EXPERIMENTS.

At the West Virginia Experiment Station, a series
•of experiments has been conducted with different foods
«8 sources of protein so essential for laying hens,
and also with ground grain as compared with whole
grain and mash fed in the morning and at night for
laying hens.

In the first series of experiments, high-grade beef
scraps were obtained from one of the packing houses
in Chicago. Milk albumen was supplied by a com
pany which manufactures milk sugar. Fresh meat and
bone was obtained from a local butcher and ground as
required.

Three pens of fowls were employed in the test, each
pen containing ten White Leghorn pullets, ten two
year old hens, and two roosters. They were fed the
same grain ration, and in addition during the first
period pen 1 received beef scraps, pen 2 milk albu
men, and pen 3 ground fresh meat and bone, while
during the second period pen 1 received fresh bone,
pen 2 beef scraps, and pen 3 milk albumen. During
the experiment an attempt was made to feed as nearly
as possible the same amount of protein to each pen.

At no time during the test were the fowls fed heav
lly for egg produccion, as many of the eggs were used
for hatching. This was especially true during the sec
ond period, when, in order to secure fertile eggs, very
little mash was fed.

The fowls were confined in the houses. One of the
runs belonging to each house had been sown to rye in
the fall of 1901, and the other runs were sown to oats
in the spring, thus providing an abundance of shade
and green food. Water, mica crys'al grit and granu
lated bone were supplied ad libitum, and the whole
grain which was fed was scattered in the litter in the
scratihing room. The experiment began November
1, 1901, and was divided into two periods of 120 days
each.

In this experiment, more eggs were laid by the fowls
when fed beef scraps than when they received either
ground fresh meat and bone or milk albumen. The
health of the fowls remained uniformly good through
out the test, and the low egg yield was due partly to
the fact that the houses in which the fowls were kept
were not constructed warm enough for economical egg
production during the winter, and partially to the
fact that the fowls were not fed heavily at any time
for egg production, as many of the eggs were Incu
bated, and strong, vigorous chicks were desired.

In experiments made at other Stations, having the
same objects in view, the general results obtilned
point to the conclusion that the dried and ground ma
terial, when pure and untainted, is equally as valu
able as the ground fresh meat and bone. The beef
scraps, further, possess the advantage that a supply
sufficient for several months can be obtained at one
time, while with fresh meat and bone there is always
considerable trouble and expense connected with ob
taining the supply regularly and grinding it.

In the second of the experiments conducted at the
West Virginia Station, comparing ground grain with ,,^. ,, , .. <, .^ .. ^

whole grain and mash when fed in the morning and ditions, the real cost of the food would only be a frae-
at night, the object was to arrive, if possible, at some t^<*° ^^ ***** ^***®^ ^°°^^-

definite conclusion on a point upon which there is
much diversity of opinion.

On most poultry farms, it is the custom to feed to
laying hens in the morning a mash in which corn
meal, ground oats, wheat bran, steamed clover, beef
scraps, or other feeding stuff are incorporated in va-
rious proportions. Toward evening, whole grain is
usually scattered in the litter, and the fowls are thus
obliged to scratch vigorously for their evening meal.
On the other hand, some poultrymen strongly advo-
cate the practice of feeding the whole grain in the
morning and the mash at night, claiming that by so
doing the hens are kept busy during the entire day
and that they consequently take more exercise, result-
ing in an increase in the egg production.

The experiment was begun April 23, 1901, and was
divided into two periods of sixty days each. Five
pens of fowls were employed. Each of pens 1, 2 and
3 consisted of twenty White Leghorn hens and two
cocke, nearly one yeir old at the beginning of the ex-
periment. Pens 4 and 5 contained the same number
of White Leghorn hens and cocks about four years old.

The grain ration consisted of corn and oats, ground
and unground. Beef scraps were fed dry to those
fowls which received the whole grain ration, and in
the other cases it was mixed with the mash, which
was made by moistening the ground feed and scraps
with water at the ordinary temperature. At the be-
ginning of each period the food for each pen was
weighed out in bulk and stored in boxes in the scratch-
ing sheds. The fowls were fed liberally, and each lot
was fed as nearly the same amount of food at each
meal as could be done by measure. At the end of
each period the food remaining in the boxes was
weighed, and thus the total amount of food consumed
was determined.

The fowls were supplied at all times with granulated
bone, mica crystal grit and water, and each flock was
allowed the use of two runs, one of which had been
seeded to rje, furnishing shade, and the other sown
to oats, thus providing a liberal supply of green feed.
Conclusions.

1. In this experiment the egg productien was prac-
tically the same when the mash was fed in the morn-
ing as when fed at night.

2. With both young and old fowls better results
were obtained when about one third of the grain ra-
tion was fed ground and moistened than when all of
the grain was fed whole and scattered in the litter.

3. During the test the average food cost of the eggs
laid by the young fowls was 5 8 cents per dozen, while
with the other hens the cost was 6.4 cents. In this
connection it should be remembered, however, that
these fowls had a very restricted range, and that all of
the food that they received was charged to them at
full market rates. On the other hand, on the ordi-
nary farm, where the fowls have unrestricted range,
much of their food consists of bugs and worms and
grain which is scattered here and there and which
otherwise would go to waste. Under these better con-

36

THB BOUTHBRN FI.ANTEK

[January

The Horse.

HACKNEYS STILL IN DEMAND.

A well-known Virginia breeder of Hackneys writes
ns that he recently sold a three year- old colt for
$10,000. Hackneys and Hackney crosses on Virginia-
bred mares having a good dash of thoroughbred blood
are always wanted at paying prices. They should be
bred out of good sized mares to give them size and
weight enough to handle the heavier carriages now in
use.— Ed.

NOTES.

At the Acca Farm track, W. L. Bass is wintering
■ome fifteen head of trotters and pacers, all of whom
are doing quite nicely. Those with records are Joy-
ful Maiden, 2:19i, pacing bay mare, by King Nutwood,
dam by Petoskey; Pern, 2:21i, pacing bay mare, by
Petoskey, dam Mannie, by Ajax, Eed Light, 2:21 J,
chestnut mare, by Eed Wilkes, Jr., dam Moonlight,
by Twilight ; Eliza Ingram, 2:21i, chestnut mare, by
John E. Gentry, 2:00J, dam Blondette, dam of Gov
ernor Holt, 2:15, by Leland ; and Marie, 2:30J, bay
mare, by Jolly Friar, dam Parker Holland, by Sam
Purdy, while those that have no marks are Medin-
•wood, full sister to Firewood, 2:17J, by King Nut
wood, dam Medina, by Middletown; Maxie K., bay
horse, by McZeus, dam Miss Bird, by Young Jim, a
bay filly, by McZeus, dam Louise, sister to Branch-
wood, 2:22i, by Woodburn Hambletonian, and a cou
pie of good looking bays, one a gelding, 6, and the
other a mare, 6, both of whom were sired by Omar
Pasha, full brother to Mosul, 2:09}^, and are owned by
Congressman Eixey, of Culpeper. The foregoing list,
however, does not include a nice looking bay colt,
foaled 1891 and sired by a son of Eed Wilkes, recent
ly purchased by Bass from James A. Graham, who
owned the dam, the great brood mare Eemembrance,
the daughter of George Wilkes that produced El Ba-
necia, 2;17i ; Virginia Jim, 2:121, etc. This colt is
good gaited, and acts as if he would go fast and in
crease the list of performers and producers to the
credit of his dam.

Mr. S. F. Chapman, of Gordonsville, will stand for
public service, during the season of 1903, the large,
handsome bay stallion Wealth, 2:37i, by Gambetta
Wilkee, dam Magnolia, by Norfolk, the sire of Mies
Nelson, 2:1H. Breeders and owners of desirable
mares In that vicinity who wish to mate them with a
richly bred and fast trotting bred stallion can make
no mistake in patronizing Wealth. Gambetta Wilkes
is one of the finest looking and most successful sons of
the immortal George Wilkes. As a eire of new stan-
dard performers, he leads all others, having seventeen
of his get enter the list, among them being Wealth;
whose record of 2:17} does not indicate his speed limit
by long odds, as he was timed separately in a race in
2:08. Wealth will stand for service during 1903, at
the very moderate sum of $20 the season with return
privilege, or $26 to insure.

At the recent Fasig Tipton Company's big New
York sale of trotters and pacers, J. L. Justis, Parkes-
ley, Va., secured a well bied three year old in the
bay filly Miss Peno, 2:29, by William Penn, 2:07J,
dam Sister Willing, by Willing, son of Wilton. She
fell to his bid of $230. D. S. Jones, of Newport News,
was also on hand, and paid $300 for the bay yearling
filly, by Oakland Baron, 2:09i, dam Minnie P., 2:10J,
by Earnest, son of Volunteer. Oakland Baron got
the famous blind trotter Ehythmic, 2:08, and this filly
is entered in the Hartford Faturity, $10,000. At the
same sale the Eastern Shore of Virginia breeders, the
Floyd Brothers, of Bridgetown, secured a likely pros-
pect for speed and race horse quality in the Texas-
bred colt, Eed Oliver, foaled 1901, by Electrite, 2:28J,
out of the great brood mare, Lady May, dam of six in
the list, by Port Leonard. Eed Oliver is a full brother
to the faet trotter Blondie, 2:13}, and is well engaged
in stakes, among them the Hartford and Kentucky
Futurities. This colt was purchased to place in the
Stud, and his speed will be developed by the Messrs.
Floyd, who look for him to make a sire of note.

In the bay stallion Great Stakes, 2:20, by Billy
Thornhill, dam Sweepstakes, by Sweepstakes, W. H.
Nelson, 1416 E. Franklin street, Eichmond, Va., offers
for service a trotting sire of tested capacity as a sire .
of speed. He was a trotter himself and good race-
horse along with it, while in the Stud he has gotten
good performers like Captain, 2:16i, pacing ; Foxhall,
2:19i ; W. H. N., 2:23}, and others able to get out and
win money. For several years Great Stakes headed
the Foxhall Stud, Norfolk, Va., where a number of
his get are still owned and thought highly of. Great
Stakes will stand for mares during 1903 at a service fee
of $25 the eeason.

In the Christmas issue of "The Horseman," which
is attractive in design and full of interesting read-
ing matter, is a cut of the twin stables of E. B.
Smathers and the former Eichmonder, A. B. Gwath-
mey. The buildings and land co t these gentlemen
over $100,000, while the trotters and pacers kept for
road driving represent a tidy sum as well. Among
the horses owned by Mr. Smathers is the famous Lord
Derby, 2:05}. Mr. Gwathmey has among others Tiv-
erton, 2:12i ; Tudor Chimes, 2:13, and Senator Mills,
2:29}, a son of Electrite, bred in Texas. The Senator
has trotted quarters in 30 seconds — a two minute gait
— and will be driven on the Harlem Eiver Speedway.

The services of the Hackney stallion Heidrick, by
Imp. Danegelt, dam Imp. Heroine, are offered breed-
ers during 1903 at the moderate sum of $10 the sea-
son, or $15 to insure, by Messrs. C. J. and Joseph But-
ton, Laurel Hill Farm, Walker'si Ford, Va. This horse
is a nice bay in color, sixteen hands high, and richly
bred, while he has great natural action and should
sire grand looking harness horses. He has a nice dis-
position with an even temper, and these, along with
soundness and fine size, are transmitted to the foaJs
sired by him.

1903.J

THE SOUTHERN PL ANTES

37

The Orange Horseman's Association, whose annual
Horse Shows are held at Orange, Va., met there re
cently and elected officers. The soecess of the Asso
elation since its organization has been remarkable, as
after paying for improvements to their new grounds
a nice balance remains in the treasury, and the out
look for the season of 1903 is of a most encouraging
nature. Good men are at the helm, and the affairs of
the Association have been wisely managed from the
beginning. The following gentlemen were elected offi-
cers : President, W. W. Sandiord ; Vice Presidents,
William Dupont, E. C. Booten, W. G. Crenshaw, Jr. ;
Secretary and Treasurer, L. S. Elcketts ; Directors,
C. C. Taliaferro, F. B. Perry, H. A. Willis, J. T.
Lightfoot, William C. Williams, H. D. Holladay, Jr.,
J. W. McComb and L. S. Ricketts.

Mr. W. W. Sanford, the new president of the Orange
Horseman's Association, is well calculated to fill the
position, as, aside from his business qualifications, he
is an able Judge of form, and as the proprietor of
Woodley Stock Farm, Orange, Virginia, he is widely
known as an owner, breeder and exhibitor of hunters,
jumpers and harness horses.

Mr. Harry Hogshead, a well known druggist and
breeder, Staunton, Va., is wintering his trotters near
there, and reports them in ?ood shape. He has the
large, handsome and well bred stallion Prince Red
wood, trial, trotting, 2:16i, by Prince Eugene, 2:21i,
out of the great brood mare Speedy Fanny, dam of
Sady M., 2:13 j, etc., by Black's Hambletonian, and
the brood mares Fanny Keystone, by Keystone, and
Pdychine, formerly known as Hilpa, by Wilkes Boy.
The latter dropped a nice colt this year by HosFSon,
eon of Red Leo, and was bred to Prince Redwood, as
was Fanny Keystone.

The well known North Carolina horseman, George
M. Harden, of Raleigh, is wintering his stable of trot
ters there, and among them is the young stallion
Sweet Rector, by Director, 2:17 i, dam Sweet Alca, by
Alcazar ; also the fast chestnut mare Petronel, 2:19J,
by Expedition, 2:15i, dam Petronel, by Onward. The
latter made her record at Savannah this /all. She has
shown a trial in 2:141, going the latter half in 1:055.
The brown gelding Rubico, 2:23i, by Pamlico, for
several seasons a good bred winner of the Harden
stable, has been exchanged with T. M. Arrasmith, of
Oreensboro, for the Tennessee bred pacer John T.
Moore, a bay colt, foaled 1899, by Hal Wooldridge,
dam by Locomotive, second dam by John Dillard.
Mr. Harden also owns the good brood mare Burtie
Wilkes, by Red Wilkes, dam Burtie Amos, by Blue
Bull, and her foal of 1902, a bay filly by Sweet Rector.

The black gelding General Johnson, by Lynne Bel,
dam Miss Mack, by Fairlawn, son of Nutwood, bred
and formerly owned by Mr. Charles Sharp, Norfolk,
Va., -was one of the thousand and odd horses that
passed through the Fasig Tipton Company's "Old
Glory Sale" in New York, and John MtGuire got a
bargain in him at $700. The black son of Lynne Bel
was consigned by W. L. James, of Baltimore, who
has raced him for two seasons past and drove him to
a record of 2:12h

C. A. Pusey, the veteran trainer and driver, who in
the eighties won in grand circuit company with the
Blue Bull mare Lona GifiBn, 2:23i, and who during
more recent years scored victories with Mosul; Bust-
ler, 2:15i; Little Betz, 2:23i, and others, is now jog-
ging a stable of well bred youngsters and a few older
horses for S. P. Clay, the well known railroad con-
tractor, whose place is out on Church Hill. Mr. Clay
has recently purchased some good prospects by suc-
cessful sires of speed, and Pusey hopes to get a few
of them at least ready for the races another season.

Algernon Daingerfield has sold to John E. Madden,
Lexington, Ky., the chestnut mare Lady Scarlet,
foaled 1896, by Btrathmore, dam Pappoose, sister t«
Parole, by imported Leamington. Lady Scarlet is a
half sister to Mirthful, dam of Aceful. Mr Dainger-
field has recently sustained quite a loss in the death,
which occurred in Virginia, of the bay filly All Saints,
4, by St. Saviour, dam Imported St. Cypria, by im-
ported St. Gation. The former Virginian, Algernon
Daingerfield, now assistant secretary of the Washing-
ton Jockey Club, and who divides his time between
Washington and Lexington, Ky. , was married on De-
cember 7th to Miss Margaret Duncan, daughter of
Mayor Henry T. Duncan, of Lexington.

Mr. Robert Neville, Welbourne, Va., has recently
purchased and added to his stud, the black horse
Black Dick, foaled 1898, by Sir Dixon, dam Merdin,
by Hindoo. The horse was purcha3(d at public auc-
tion, and $1,550 was the price paid.

W. C. Daly has sold to C. Mack the Virginia-bred
gelding Alsike, a bay, foaled 1896, by Flatlands, dam
Lucky Clover, by Bersan. Alsike is a product of the
Fort Chiswell Stud of J. H. McGavock, Max Meadows.

Broad Rock.

SEEDING GRASS.

Editor Southern Planter :

A method of seeding grass seed adopted by a few
farmers in my neighborhood, may interest many of
your readers who fail in getting a stand of grass.

The quantity of seed for an acre (and it should be
liberal), is thoroughly mixed with a quantity of fer-
tilizer required for the same amount of land. It is
then bagged and taken to the field and placed in the
drill to be delivered with the wheat or oat crop or by
itself, as the case may be. Two advantages are gained
by this method. The grass seed, whether orchard
grass, clover, timothy, or other, comes in direct
contact with the fertilizer, and it is put deep enough
to come in contact with moisture without dying for
lack of it, as it frequently does when placed near the
surface. W. G. M.

Albemarle Co., Va.

Mention the Fkmi«r to yoor firiends.

38

THE SOUTHEEN PLAJiTrEK.

[January

niscellaneous.

FENCE LAWS IN VIRGINIA.

We are glad to notice that a member of the Hoase
of Delegates of Virginia (Mr. D. H. Leake) has intro
dnced a bill having for its object the changing of the
present law as to fences in this State. At present, an
owner of land in Virginia must fence out his neigh-
bor's stock if he desires to have fall and peaceful en
joyment of that property which he has bought and
paid for. If the bill becomes a law, as we most heart-
ily hope that it will, this obnoxious and un j ust position
will be at an end, and each owner of land must fence
in his stock and keep it from trespassing on any other
man's property. This object we sought to accomplish
In the suit which was carried to the Court of Appeals
two or three years ago, in which it was contended that
the present system was unconstitutional. The Court
decided against this view in a judgment which we have
always regarded as a most shallow one reached by ar
guments which could not stand the test of careful con
Blderation and based much more on sentiment than
reason. The patron of the bill has promised to send
U3 a copy of it as soon as printed, when we will pub
llsh the same. Meanwhile, we would ask farmers
erery where in the State who desire to have the peace
fnl and full enjoyment of their own property to write
their representatives in the Senate and House asking
them to support Mr. Leake's bill and assist its passage
in every way possible. Until such a law is passed, we
can never make that progress in live stock husbandry
which means so much to the State.

IRRIQATION.

Sditw Southern Planter :

Accepting your iuTitation contained in the last issue
of jour valuable journal, to say something on the sub
ject indicated above, I would say to " Greenhorn,"
"Be not discouraged at the ridicule your ideas in this
regard may excite among your neighbors. I am a na
tive Virginian myself, as were my fathers for seven
generations before me, and know how hard it is for
them to see any better way of farming than the meth
ode pursued by their fathers before them. Take heart ;
you may be in error as to details, but you are on the
right track."

There was in my father's library an old geography,
■written'.by a man named Morse, and published about
the year 1810, in which, in alluding to the climate of
Virginia, the writer stated that the greatest drawback
to agriculture in the State was the fact that, as a rule,
drought cut short the crops. That this is true is be
yond question, notwithstanding the abundance of rain

in the State during the laat two years. "When crops
fail, such failure cannot be charged to the soil or to
other climatic conditions ; but may be generally traced
to the lack of moisture at some period of their growth.
The past summer and autumn have been exceptlona-
bly wet and seasonable, and the result is that, in my
section of country, no such abundant crops have been
seen for years. That irrigation would, where the con-
ditions are such as to enable the farmer to practice It
properly, be of vast benefit here, cannot be doubted.
If irrigation paj s in the arid parts of the We«t, as &
matter of coarse it would pay here ichen moUture i»
needed by the crop3. It is practiced in the State of
Utah, because no rain is expected. It is not practiced,
as a rule, here, because, no matter how dreadful th&
drought, the farmer hopes and prays for " the early
and the latter rains." But if he was prepared to irri-
gate his arid fields, and the rains did come so as to
render his artificial means of supplying water unne-
cessary, he would be as well or better off than the maa
who depends entirely upon irrigation.

Now for seven years I have practiced irrigation npon
a very small scale, not as an experiment, but because
I have found by experience that it was one of the most
interesting, satisfactory and paying Instltntlons wlthiiL
my reach.

In 1895 I formed a garden on a meadow, through
which ran a never failing brook. It was a flat piec©
of land in the shape of a parallelogram, about one hun-
dred yards long from east to west and about seventy
yards wide. The brook approaches it from the west,
the fall being east. On the south side a ditch conducts'
the stream along the side of the garden, and a dike on
the south and west sides protect it from high water in
time of fr*shets. It is also ditched on the other two
sides, and thoroughly underdrained. The rows of veg-
etables run lengthways — from west to east — the direc-
tion of the fall, and the cultivation is mainly done by
horses, the rows being about one hundred yards long..
When irrigation is needed, by a simple and inexpen-
sive contrivance, water is brought to the upper end,
and run down the rows of the vegetables to which ifc
is desirable to apply It until the ground is sufficiently
soaked, when it is shut off — the surplus water escaping
Into the eastern ditch. The result has been a wealth
of vegetation I have never seen elsewhere ; and by thl*
method I have succeeded in doing what I could never
do before — namely, raise enormous crops of celery and
late cabbage, and have English peas and spinach dur-
ing the entire summer. Even last summer there wero
occasions when I resorted to Irrigation with excellenfe
reealta — e. g., when I planted celery, late beans, eta.

1903 ]

THE SOUTHERN PLANT a bl.

39

In dry seasons, when neighboring gardens were parch
ed and dry, this one revelled in luxuriant verdure.

That irrigation would be far more successful when
applied to grass lands in Virginia cannot be doubted.

Goochland Co., Va. M., OF Northside.

IRRIGATION PROBLEnS IN VIRGINIA.

Editor Southern Planter :

The article in the December number of your jour
nal, entitled " Irrigation Problems in Virginia," deals
with a question which this office has been studying for
several years, and it may be that our experience will
be of some service in helping to answer the inquiry of
your correspondent.

Speaking broadly, the investigation of this office to
determine the value of irrigation in the humid por
tions of the United States has shown that there are
few sections where, at some time daring the growing
season, the ability to apply water, if for a brief period
only, would not secure largely increased jields ; but
no general answer can be returned as to whether or
not this kind of irrigation will pay. It depends in
part upon the outlay required to provide a water sup
ply, the character of the water, the soil to which it is
applied, and the kinds of crops grown. The best re-
sults thus far secured have come from the irrigation
of crops having a high acreage valre Irrigation of
small fruits has almost always pr.P'-en profitable. Toe
irrigation of rice in Louisiana and Texas and enor
mously advanced land values and transformed the in
dustrial conditions of a large poriion of the Gulf Coast.
Prof. Waters, of tha State Agriiultnral Experiment
Station of Missouri, believes that in that State an
ontlay of $200 an acre can be profitably made for the
purpose of irrigating nursery stock. Ability to irii
gate young trees during the midsummer drouth of that
State enables them to be marketed a year sooner than
would otherwise be possible, and mjkos them larger
and of better form, so that they command a higher
price.

The irrigation of small fruilt las pi oven generally
profitable in New Jersey, and tho market gardeners
around Boston are nearly all equip^^ed with facilities
for irrigating their more val able crops.

The invention of the gasoline engine and the im
provementa made in pumping machinery &re making

plans for installing a considerable number of pumping
plants by farmers, and there are a number of requests
on file for assistance of this kind in the spring of 1903,

The following extract from the report of an iniga-
tion plant, installed last summer, may be of interest
to your inquirer and others. This report was furnished
by Mr. Hamilton Yancey, of Rome, Georgia, who is
pumping water from the Coosa riv^r for about ^00
acres of land. This pump is driven by a 35 hcrse-
power engine, lifts water 30 fest, and has a capacity
of 2,000 gallons per minute. It was not completed
until July 25. The season was unusually dry, and ca
July 25 a field of corn planted in June was not over
4 to 8 inches in height, bleached almost white, and
apparently dying. On the evening of July 25 acd
succeeding day this field was irrigated by running
water between the rows, a considerable portion of the
field, howeeer, being flooded. Without irrigation thero
could have been no crop. This single irrigation pro-
duced a yield of between 50 and 60 bushels to the acre

Another fluid of early corn had reached t he earing
stage when the pump was completed. It was suffering
severely for water, the tassels bleached and the com
in twist. Four to six hours after the irrigation, the
stalks gave evidence of reviving, and a gcod crop o
corn and heavy yield of fodder were harvested. Other
flelda near by were cut for forage only, no ears ap-
pearing on the stalks,

Mr. Yancey writes as follows about his oat crop s

I may add, for the first time in my planting experi-
ence and knowledge, my full oat crop, after reaching
a fine growth of straw, "failed to make seed from the
absolute want of moisture. Had I been prepared to
give one good irrigation to this field of oats in the
early part of May last, the yield would have practi-
cally paid for the installation of my plant.

It is believed that there are few sections in the
South where it will not pay farmers or gardeners to
provide for the irrigation of from one to ten acres of
land Whether or not it will pay for the general field
cultivation of crops can only be determined by the
conditions of each particular case. In the ease of
your correspondent, much will depend on the charac-
ter of the soil. I question whether irrigation will
produce as great an increase in yield on a Vir-
ginia farm as on the lands of the arid region. These
lands are very rich in the mineral elements of plant
life, because the arid climate has prevented their fer-
tility being leached out. All that they need to be-
As a rule,

It possible to supply water for small tracts at a lest

outlay and with greater assurance of success than was I come enormously productive is water.

possible ten years ago. Hence, the number of irriga- water does not supply the elements which make land

tors east of the Mississippi river is rapidly increasing productive. It simply makes them available. If the

The greatest progress which is being made is in the Virginia lands are not fertile to begin with, water

South, and it is here that the conditions promise the alone will not make them so, and I doubt whether the

most satisfactory results. During the past year this benefits of the silt spoken of will be as great as an-

office furnished advice, and in some cases prepared ticipated.

M

THE 80UTHEEN PLAirrER

[Janaary

Another qaestion which would needito be looked
Into would be the drainage of these lands. li there
Is good natural drainage, the results will be much
more satisfactory than if this is lacking. The amount
of water mentioned would be sufficient, and if the soil
conditions are favorable, I see no reason why the irri
gation of hay land would not both increase the yield
and the quality of the product. Meadows are being
Irrigated in Italy and England at a profit, both coun-
tries in which the rainfall is equal in amount and as
well distributed as in the South.

Bulletin 119 of this office contains the reports of
studies of irrigation in the humid sections for 1901.
It can be had on request.

Sincerely yonra,

Elwood Mead,
Chief of iTingaiion Investigations.

Department of Agriculture, Washington, D. G.

IRRIQATION.

Editor Southern Planter :

In your December issue, your correspondent from
Hanover county, under title of "Irrigation Problems
in Virginia," states his case in terms identically par
allel to my own, even down to the ridicule of my
neighbors for entertaining the "foolish notion."

Every season finds some one of my crops cut nearly
half In two for want of moisture. This fact keeps the
thought alive in my mind, but I still lack the "nerve"
to brook all opposition and go ahead and irrigate.

My situation is : The floods and freshets in times
past have graded and leveled ofiF over 100 acres of my
farm ready for the irrigator. A lift of 20 feet will put
the water over the bank, and gravity ditches will
carry it all over the land. I can install a plant for
pumping the water with link belt elevator giving 600
gallons of water per minute for something like $200.
I have on hand the engine and wood to run it. I es
timate that at a cost of 25 cents I can pump one inch
of water over one acr« of land. If three good flood-
Ings will make a crop in the West, where they have
little or no rain to help out, it ought to make a crop
here. Two incheji of water at a flooding would mean
six inches for the season, costing $1.60 per acre.

Heat, light, food and water are the essentials for a
full crop. The food and water are in mau's power to
supply. If the water is deficient, so is the crop, even
though the heat, light and food be present. The ques
tion is, if $1.50 per acre will give you six inches of
water, is there not a big profit in supplying itt

L?t your answer be yea or nay. I am aware that
there is a great deal in the "Inr.rhow" to irrigate ;
ehat It takes experience to tell when and how much
water to apply. It is aloni< this line that the Eastern
irrigator, I fear, will experience his greatest troubles.
Let on the light, particularly at this point, as well as
on the entire subject.

Another Qkeenhoen.

RocMnghatn Co., Va.

OUR ILLUSTRATIONS.

We had hoped to have illustrated the live stock ar-
ticles in this issue with pictures of some of the fin«
stock kept by Southern breeders, many of whom ar«
our subscribers. In response to our appeals for pho-
tographs, we received very many pictures, but regret
to say that they were uniformly of such a defectlv*
character that oar engravers could not use them to
make plates from. They were almost invariably small
pictures taken with Kodak Cameras by amateurs, and
it is impossible for satisfactory plates to be made from
such work. We were therefore compelled to resort to
other outside sources. The pictures showing cattle ia
three positions have been reproduced from photo-
graphs made at the BufiFalo Exposition for the Depart-
ment of Agriculture by one of the best animal pho-
tographers in the country. The single column pit-
tares are from photographs or plates made for tho
owners of the animals, or from plates kindly supplied
to us by the Secretaries of the different Breed Associ-
ations, to whom our acknowledgments are due and
tendered for their courtesy. The pictures of the sheep
are from photographs most kindly supplied by th«
proprietors of the "American Sheep Breeder," Chi-
cago, to whose courtesy and ready response to our ap-
peal for help we desire to tender our warmest thanks.
We believe no such perfect pictures of fine stock m
appears in this issue have ever before been published
In any Southern journal.

THE INTERNATIONAL STOCK SHOW. CHICAGO,
1903.

Since our live stock forms were made up and print-
ed we have received reports of the premiums awarded
at the greatest stock show ever held which has jurt
closed at Chicago. We take the following comment
on these from the Breeders" Gazette :

"It was a 'black year' at the show. The grade Ab-
erdeen Angus bullock was dominant. Whether in the
pavilion, in the pens or in the slaughter test, the color
was 'black and all black.' Never has a breed accom-
plished such sweeping victories at a fat stock show.
Two out of three of the breed championships by aget,
the grand championship of the show, the grand cham-
pion herd and reserve for the herd, fell to the black*
within the building, while in the pens the carload lots
made almost as sweeping a victory. On the block It
was repe»ted, as five of the ten prizes for carcasses fell
to the ' blackskins,' together with the championship."

The Short horns, Heretoru , . ; Galloways were clo8«
followers of the Angus in quality in the order men-
tioned, and each breed was represented by remarka-
ble exhibits. The Red Polls also made a good showing.

lf*3.]

THE 80TJTHBEN PLABTEE

41

THE

Southern Planter

PUBUaHBD BY

TIE imm PmNTER PDBLISHING GOIP'T,

SIOHKOIfD, VA.
Issued on 1st of each Month.

J. F. JACKSON,
Editor and Greneral Manager.

B. MORGAN SHEPHERD,
Business MAiTAass.

TERMS FOR ADVERTISING.
Btiie card ftirnl8hed on application.

TERMS OF SUBSCRIPTION.

Tiia Soatbern Plamtor Is mailed to anb-
HTlbcra In the Unlt«d State* and Canada at
■e. per annum ; all foreign countries and the
Olty of Richmond, 75c.

■«iBlttanc«B should be made direct to this
Oflloe, either by Reglst«red Letter or Money
Order, which will beat our risk. When made
otherwise we cannot be responsible.

AIwaTS Klve tbe Name of the Post Office
to which your paper Is sent. Your name can-
not b« found on our books unless this Is done.

■afcscrlbers CalUng to receive their paper

SrompUy and regularly, will confer a favor
y reporting the fact at once.

m* Date on yonr I,»bel shows to what
tima your subscription Is paid.

W» laTit« Farmera to write us on any
■(rlcultural topic. We are always pleased to
noalTe practical articles. Crltlolam of Artl-
elea, Suggestions How to Improve Thk
PiAHTKR Descriptions of New Oralns, Roots,
or Vegetables not generally known, Partlcu-
Imrs of Experiments Tried, or Improved
Methods of Cultivation are each and all wel-
eoxne. Contributions sent us must not be fur-
nished other papers until after they have ap-
paared In our colnmuB. Rejected matter wUI
D« returned on receipt of postage.

THE SOUTHERN PLANTER.

RIOMMOKO, VA.

Detail Index to Enquirer's
Column.

Utilization of Dead Animals 6

F»ll and Winter Plowini; 6

Beryice of Sow 6

Canada Peas 6

Grazing Wheat 7

A Dark Cow Barn 7

Lightening a Clay Soil _ 7

Lame Horse _ 7

Pasture Grasses for Light Land 7

A Naat BINDER for yonr back nam-
b«n can be bad for 26 cents. AddiMB
tlM Bniineu Office.

PUBLISHER'S NOTES.

To Correspondents.

NotwirhstandiDg the fact that we
have largely increased the space
which we uaaally give to commu-
nicatioDS from correspondente, we
are compelled to hold over a num
ber of interesting articles for which
we have no space. The matter pub-
lished will, however, we hope, be
foand so full of interest and in-
struction as to compensate for that
omitted. In our next issue we will
endeavor to find space for the mat-
ter held over and for such further
communications as may reach us
before the 20th of the month. We
cannot undertake to publish any
communications which do not reach
us before the 20th of the month
previous to the date of issue.

A Word of Acknowledgment and
Thanks.

In sending out the first issue of
the 64th volume of The Planter we
desire to offer our warmest thanks
to the farmers of the South for the
support they have accordf d us du
ring the year just passed. We have
added more subscribers to our list
than ever before were added in any
single year of The Planter^s long
life, and we have received an innu
merable number of letters from
readers of the journal compliment
iag us on the work we are doing
for the farmers. It would requite
a volume nearly as large as the
year's issue of The Planter to pub
lish even a selection from these let
ters. It is very gratifying to us to
receive these commendations, and
imparts a stimulus to us to en-
deavor to do still more for onr
readers in the year now beginning.
We promise that no effort on our
part shall be wantin.' to make The
Planter still more iv aful to South-
ern farmers. We t'ink that thi?
issue will be evidence of this. We
believe we are ccrect in saying
that never before has any South-

WOOD'S

GARDEN SEEDS

Do best in t> e " Sunny South, be-
cause they are specially grown and
selected with a full knowledge of
the conditions and requirements of
our section. Twenty-five years ex-
perience and practical growing of
all the diflferent vegetables, enables
us to know the very best, and to
offer seeds that will give pleasure,
satisfaction and profit to all who
plant them.

WOOD'S NEW SEED BOOK FOR 1903

^Ready early in January) is full of
good things, and gives the most
reliable information about all
seeds, both for the farm and
garden.

T.W. WOOD & SONS,

Seedsmen, • Richmond, Va.

-wir-e: fence

Heavy lateral wires, heavy hard steel stays,
colled spring wire. Sure Qrip lock. In strength,
appearance, and durability, the Hard Steal
cannot be excelled. Write for catalogue and
prices. THE HARD STEEL WIRE FENCE CO .

Cuyahoga Falls, Ohie.

ORIGINAL.

1 KV M ii:n UNCI ( <

V,i«/ai^)eso Ifiyi LAWN FENCE

Many designs. Chea^ i
wood. Si pft(?e Catalo^OB
free. SprcUII'rWBtolVme.
Urleiai>dCbBr«h«H. Address

-ARM FENCE

PRICE A NO aUALITY
WILL PLEASE YOU— •
i WRITE US NOW.

•bow WIRE WORKS- Louisville.Ky^

STROHGESt
MADE. Dall.

etrong. Chlckeo.
tlgbt. Sold to the Farmer at nboUssl*
Pritee. PoJly Wfti-ranud. Catalog bYe^

FENCE!

42

THE SOUTHERN PLANTER.

[Janaaiy

HOW'S THIS!
WeoflferOne Hundred Dollars reward
for any case of Catarrh that can not be
cured by Hall's Catarrh Cure.

F. J. CHENEY & CO., Prop's,
Toledo, 0.

We, the undersigned, have known F. J.
Cheney for the last 15 years, and believe
him perfectly honorable in all business
transactions, and financially able to carry
out any obligation made bv their firm.
West & Truax, Wholesale Druggists,
Toledo, 0.
Wai^dinq, Kinnan & Marvin,
Wholesale Druggists, Toledo, O.

Hall's Catarrh Cure is taken internally
acting directly upon the blood and mu-
cous surfaces of the system. Price 75c.
per bottle. Sold by all druggists. Testi-
monials free.

Hall's Family Pills are the best.

ern agricultural journal published
such a fine series of pictures of live
Btock as appears in this ls<ue. They
are true to the breeds represented,
and finely bring out the points em
phasized in the articles to which
they form pendants. We trust the
effect may be to arouse in reader?,
a desire and determination to have
better bred live stock, and this will
certainly result in greater profit.
Although we have so] mnch to be
thankful for, yet, like Oliver Twist,
we still "ask for more." We want
each reader of this issue to see his
neighbor or friend, and show him
The Planter, and tell him of its
merits, and secure if possible a new
eabjcriber for us. Ask him to give
you 50 cents, and send the same to
U8 with his name and address, and
yon can rest assured that he will,
when he has read The Planter a
year, thank you for having Cone
him the greatest kindness, widlst
we shall fed ourselves under a (^oep
obligation to you.

Read the Advertisement

In this issue will be found tLo ad-
vertising matter of most of the well
known business houses with Tvhom
farmers have need to have deij'.ings.
We ask for these adverti« lente
the careful attention of all ou; .ead-
ers. We can assure our i "juds
that there is Lot to our knowledge
an advertisement from any house
or merchant in this if sue with whom

to

o

m^ QUICK HEAUN(^ POWERS.

S !li THE TREATMENT OF DISEASES REQUIRING

;|i AN ErncAdous external remedy.^==^

EQ:zn3i!MmiMiiniE

to

o

>-

g i.=rPREPAR ED Only By.:::^;^— ^'j^f^; . ,...>;^'^** I

WI'rFbros. q(

^ S O L E PROPR I ETC R S ^~

BALTIMORE, M.p.

:::•:■ U.S. A'. :^;;--v.,..

EXACT SlZt Ot- BOTTLE.

T/kKE: NO sxjbsxitxtte:.

1903 J

THE 80TJTHEEN PLAJNTBB.

43

any farmer need have any doubt
whatsoever as to dealing. We ex
ercise the greate-t care at all times
in keeping out of our columns
the advertisements of all "fatirs"
»nd dishonorable firms, and posi-
tively refuse to carry any adver-
tisements of an immoral tendency,
mnd we make it part of our du^y to
see that no one whose advertise
ment appears in our columns takes
any unfair advantage of any of our
■nb3criber8. While we cannot guar
antee that stock or any other article
offered comes up to the full require-
ments of what such stock or other
article should do according to re
quirements of any standard, jet we
can and do require that it should
reasonably satisfy such require
ments, and if it fails to do so we do
do not hesitate to publish the facts
and expose the advertiser, and will
not in future carry his adver
tisements. We do not intend that
any purchaser through our columns
shall be imposed upon by any ad
vertiser, and will use every means
In our power to prevent this.

FISTULA. AND POLL EVLL.

Both Fistula and Poll Evil are far more
prevalent throughout the Southern States
than in the North, and most forms of
treatment that have been recommended
have either failed entirely or cured only
in occasional cises. A remedy that can
be relied upon to cure these diseases is
capable of saving hundreds of thousands
of dollars annually to Southern horee
owners. Fleming Brothers, a firm of
chemists located at the largest live stock
market in the world, manufacture a line
of veterinary remedies that are unique in
that they are made to cure the most difh.
cult diseases and blemishes known to
veterinary science. One of these reme-
dies is Fleming's Fistula and Poll Evil
Cure, which they guarantee to cure any
case of either disease, no matter of how
long standing. Another is for the cure
of Lump Jaw in cattle. Still others cure
Bone Spavin, Ringbone, Curb, Splint,
Sweeny, et^-. A cure for Knee-Sprung in
horses is their latest achievement in the
veterinary field, and this, like all their
other preparations, is backed up by a
positive guaantee. Readers of this paper
who will write to Fleming Bros., No. 22
Union Stock Yards, Chicago, 111., stating
the kind of a case they have to treat, will
receive two instructive booklets free.

When corresponding with advertiseri,
kindly mention that you saw their adver-
tis«ment in the Sauihem Planter.

FOUNDED

1802.

GOLD MEDALS:

Paris, 1900. Pan-.American 1901.

j00gSu

For over a hundred years have been universally recognized
as the standard of excellence. They received the GOLD
MEDALS (the highest award) both at the Paris Exposition
ot 1900 and at the Pan-American, 1901.

r^iip — the I02d successive annual edition — con-

^ . I tains a more complete assortment and fuller

V-.Q fQil./C|UC- cultural directions than any other seed annua]
published. It is beautifully illustrated, not with highly colored
exaggerations, but with the finest half-tones from life photo-
graphs. It contains 128 large size pages, and in addition 16
full page half-tone plates, and is in every respect and with-
out exception the most complete, most reliable, and most
beautiful of American Garden Annuals. We will mail it free
on receipt of 10 cents in stamps, which amount may be
deducted from your first seed order. ....

MflrkCl" ^'^^ invited to send for our special price-list

^ , of high-class vegetable seeds for truckers and

VlOrCliSriiCI o large market growers. It contains all sorts
of approved merit.

J. M. THORBURN & CO.,

36 Cortlandt Street NEW YORK.

The TomaLto

never has been produced that can equal in |
flavor and fine form our

NEW CENTVRY TOMATO.

Bred and trained for years, this tomato is extra large
and heavy, hardy, early, free from blight, and will not
crack nor scald. Pronounced by growers remarkably
solid, full fleshed and free from seed. The
price on the market, it pleases the ev
keeps unusually well. 800 bus. per ac
seed is all com
rN

,d color to bring the
and brings most money. Ships and
3 is the record for this tomato and the
leu Liv us, .. ...= lu'day forour new illustrated cataloeue.
Showing our new Leader Cibbage. Dark Fortune Cucumber. Ruby King
Ra.dish. Rocky Ford Cantaloupe. Alaska Peas, Valentine Beans, Oradus
Peas.andallof our big line of garden and field seeds. It is free. Write now.
J. BOLGIANO & SON. Dept. P 7, Ba.ltimore, Md^

44

THE BOXJTBCKRN PLABTER.

[January

PIANETJR

Kiirdener and the mark*-i cardener
who crow vegetables for profit will
each find in this

"Pl&net Jr." No. 12 Wheel Hoe
the best and most efficient earden
tool ever offered the public Cul-
tivates all vegetables astride or be-
tween the rows; deep or shallow;
kills all weeds: breaks up the top
".rust after rains; saves the soil mois-
ture, plows, opens furrows, etc.
' ' istable to various width
One man c^n do more
iih it and do it
nd better than ?ix

be

They are so easy to linndle that
many boys and even girls operate
them successfully.

This is but one of the fifty
Beedinc and cultivating imple-
ments which we make. The list
includes plain and combined
Seed Sowers. Wheel Hoes. Hand
Cultivators- Walking Cultivators,
_nd One and Two-Horse Ridii
^ Cultivators. Special Sugar Be
I Tools, etc. Our new 1<*03 cata- 1
1 loeue is just publiihed. It contains t>ve
I lOO illustrations *ith full description
ind prkti. It cci* y. .1 nnthing and I
will mai:e you incney. \^ rite us fun'

S. L. AIXZN & CO.,
Box 1107-X, Philadelphia, Pa. \x3

PIANETJR.

STEEL ROOFING

FREIGHT CHARGES PAID BY US

strictly iic-w. pt-rlict. Serui Hardened
Met'l bliM'lf;, 21*vt wide. Clee lung. Tht
b«-»l Hovflnc, hldlRK or IVIIlei; you Ctta asK
No experience ncce»isary to lay it. An
ordinary ti&mmer or hatcbet the only
tools you need We fumieli nails fie«
and paint roafln^ two sicles. Comes
eiiher flat, corruk-ated or "V" crimped.
Drlh*Tv4 Trtr of all rharcf^ to a!l |>oltiC9
In tlii- IV S..(a>t of the MiK<^lssippi River
andNui-tb of tht- Ohio Kivt-r

AT $2.25 PER SQUARE

PrlwM ta olhrr p«lBe« or ■|iflirkilot> A t-juaie mtan* IM
atiaarefift- Writt- f..r f re- 1 (lUi.oyue ^o Ir.h

CM1CA60 HOUSE VRECKIN6 CO.. W. 35lh and Iron Sts.. Chlcico

OUR LOW HITCH DISC HARROW

Best. Bimplesl, Btrong-
eff I and luotst durable
Dlic Harrow iiiHilr. Ml
•teel. Double levers.
Low btlcb. Center
draft. Alls
Witb or wltb-
out seeding
attachment*.
Wrile for <lr-
c u 1 a r
prices
TOLEDO PLOW CO.. - Toledo, Ohio

S

END YOUR NAME

BANDY GRELK BONi: CUTTER.

STRtnOft M.C. CO., UI 76 ERIE, P*.

YOU CAN KEEP WARM WHEN OUT

DRIVING AT A COST OF

TWO CENTS PER DAY.

Who has not heard of the Lehman
heater? The man who uses, during the
winter, an open buggy or a closed carriage
can make himself comfortable by its use.
The cold weather ie now about to visit us,
and a demand for gome handy and un-
cumt)ereome appliance to obviate the
frigidity of the winter climate is appa-
rent, and the less cumbersome and more
useful the article the more acceptable it
is The achievement has been reached
by the Lehman heater. It takes up but
little room, is always ready and for two
cents will keep a carriage warm for twelve
hours in the depth of winter.

Twenty years ago the bulk of the peo-
ple slept in a cold room, waking and
dressing in it, and went forth into a prac-
tically cold house, breakfast being gener-
ally over before the inadequate furnace
arrangement of those days sent heat
through all the house or apartments.
The consequence was that injury to health
ensued. As above stated, the Lehman
heater (ills the bill. It should be more
generally known. It is made in the sol-
idest fashion and should be in the hands
of every man who nses a horse convey-
ance

There are 17-5,000 in use by horsemen,
etc , who speak very highly of them.
You cannot enjoy your ride in cold
weather without one. Don't fail to write
for circular and price list to Lehman
Bros., manufactnrers, 10 Bond street, New
York, or J. W. Erringer, general Western
sales agent, 297 Wabash avenue, Chicago,
mentioning the Southern Planter.

Daane H. Nash, of Millington, N. J.,
who is the long time advertiser and man-
ufacturer of the famous Acme Pulverizer
Harrow, Clod Crusher and Leveler, goes
further to meet the purchaser on the sale
of his implement than any manufacturer
we have any knowledir • of Mr. Na«h
wil' send the .^cme Har to any man
anywhere who orders . and will give
him ample time to ir e a thorough test
of its good qualities the preparation of
any kind of soil, ur r any and all condi-
tions, and for an'- op.

If the Harrow a not found to be en-
tirely satisTactory in every way the pur-
chaser may return it at Mr. Nash's ex-
pense; That is a simple, straightforward
business proposition which must com-
mend itself to the mind of any fairly dis-
posed man. It is further, a strone and
indisputable evidence of the faith of the
manufacturer in the high quality and
utility of the implement which he ie man-
ufacturing.

It is not necessary, however, for us to
dwell upon the quality of the Acme Har-
row. It has long been advertised in these
columns, and we doubt not but that hun-
dreds of our readers have bought and are
now using them with success. In all these
years we have never heard a single com-
plaint either against Mr. Kash or the
Acme Harrow.

These Harrows are delivered free on
board at distributing depots conveniently
located, and can therefore be shipped
promptly.

Write the manufacturer for prices,

THE IMPROVED

Chsnberlii Mfg. Co., Olen, N T.. D. 8. A.

PULLERS

AM Sizes and Prices. Catalogue Free.
MOHLAND & COMPANY,

BURLINGTON, IOWA.

STUMP PULLER

Most Powerful. Handiest

and Strongest Built in

the World.

We make 4 kinds la tlMa

to Ruit all needs and of amy

desired strenfth. Sarei tltno

and does the work right. Thm

operation of pa 1 1 ImK

Btnmpsand tree* by (mr

methods is simple aa4

ea^jr- ^end for Fr««

Cutalocue.

CHICA60 STTIP 9ACI11.VK VPCU C*w«

'.» L« Sftlle Mi^t, aicin», IM.

HERCULES STUMP PULLER

Clears an acre sf heavytlmtierland sach day.
Ci*ar» all slninps id a circle of 150 ft. without
moTiDK or ctiaDgiDS machlue. Stronjeat,
most rapid working and best made.
Hercules Mlg Co . 413 1 7thSI..Centr«»lllt. Iowa.

FREE

From anxiety over
wash dav. are all wh»
use a DILLEY QUE'EII
WA'HER. We Kuaran-
tee li to be the bfst. A
trial machine sent at
factory price. Auent*
wauted for exclusive
terrliory. Write for

cata'ogue with full description. We will

surely please you.
LYONS WASHING MACHINE CO., L)ons. Mich.

19*3]

THE SOUTHEEN PLAJSTEK.

45

PREPARE FOR
WAR

IN TIME OF PEACE!

Whatever you it tend to
do about SPRAMNG pre-
pare for it during the w in-
ter. Order your Spraying
outfit and material now
and you are prepared for
war.

Knapsack

Sprayers,
Barrel Pumps
Bordeaux Mixture

Insecticides,

Fungicides, &c.

LENOX SPRAYER & GHEMIC&L CO.,

Dpt.ll. PITTSFIELD. MASS.

-•^-Send for our book on 8PRAYIN

Get the Best

THE EGUPSEi

good pump. Asprac-M
1 fruit growers we f
were using the com-
[iion sprayers in our
own orchards — found
their defects and then invented
The Eclipse. Its success
practically forced us into man-
ufacturing on a large scale.
You take no chances. We have
done all the experimenting.

targe fully illustrated
Catalooiie avd Treatise
on Spraying— FREE.

HOKBILL .t MORT.EY. B

n Harbor. Mich.

1^ Beming
^ Field
Sprayer

odel im-
plemeut for
ncreago

ull Nu

One Man Can Operate.

Can be attached to any barrel sprayer and fitted
to any wagon- Fitted with famous Bordeaux or
Demibg-Vermorel nozzles. We fit everybody'.^
needs in bucket, barrel, knapmick and other
Bprayerg. Write for free spraying catalogue.
THE DEMINO CO., Salem. Ohio.

CPRAY PUMPC

BS Save Mokby MS

^^ BY Buying One of Ours. ^^
They will do as much work, being all brass
»re lighter to handle ard are more durable,
will generate a higher pressure thereby mak-
ing them the easiest pumps to operate on the
market. Write for catalog and get treatise on
•praying free. Agents wanted. Mention this
paper. J. F. Gavlord, Successor to P. C. Lswii
Manufacturing Ctmpany, Catskill. N. C.

Mention the Southern Planter when cor
(eepondiog with advertisflTs.

printed matter and terms of trial. Kind
ly say, in writing, that you saw this in
our journal.

DECEMBER EGGS.

With the cold snap of December the
egg supply usually drops off; not alto-
gether, however, from the actual cold as
from change in the feeding ration of the
hens. At this time more than ever, poul
try needs a liberal supply of animal food
to take the place of the insects and worms
the hens get on the range in summer
time.

The Stratton Manufacturing Company,
Erie, Pa., have just issued a very attrac-
tive book, entitled " More Money From
Your Hens." It goes into the question
of winter feeding very thoroughly and
describes in detail the Dandy Bone Cut-
ter, a well built, substantial machine for
reducing green bone to poultry food. The
manufacturers make a very strong claim
of excellence for the Dandy, and sell
every machine with a warranty to take it
back and refund every cent paid for it
should it prove unsatisfactoiy in any way
after the purchaser gives it a fair trial.
It is sold at a very reasonable price and
is manufactured in a variety of sizes and
styles. We know that every reader of
The Southern Planter will be interested in
the Dandy catalogue. It is sent free.

RIPPLEYS FEED COOKER
AND HEATER.

The subject of this il-
lustration and paragraph
is familiar to most of our
readers. It is the com-
bination feed cooker and
heater manufactured by
the Rippley Hardware
Company, of Grafton, 111.
■| In- aiiw iiisement setting forth its uses
in brief appears in another column. No
reason if< apparent why a machine fitted
to cook food for stock might not easily
be made to go a step farther and furnish
lipat for Stock buildings. The Rippley
Company seem to havec.iught the idea in
a very comprehensive manner. The farm
er would frequently use heat in the dairy,
poultry and swine buildings if it could he
supplied without great expense, or by
connection with a fire in operation and
doing duty in other lines. This Rippley
Cooker, considered merely as a cooker, is
one of the most practical and uieful on
the market. It takes on a double value
when it is employed to heat water in
stock tanks two or three hundrtd feet
away ; to heat dairy, poultry and other
buildings ; to furnish steam for such ne-
cessary uses as grinding, separating cream,
churning, etc. It can be used in the yard
or set up and attached to a chimney in
any building. Though small and com-
pact and easily handled, one of its special
strong points is that frequent removal is
not necessary, it being able to perform its
numerous duties equally well at any rea-
sonable distance. Those of our readers
who are interested in feed cookers or
heaters should send for the Rippley cata-
logue. It is mailed free on application.

T* naktcowt pay, nst Sharp)** Cr*aai S*parat*r*.
Book "Bnalne** Dairying " A Oat. 806 frae. W.
I ObMtor, Fa.S

Wagon World Awheel.

Halt a million of these steel
wheels have been sent out on
ourown wagons and to fit other
wagons. It is the wheel that
determines the life of any
wagon, and this is the longest
hved wheel made. Do vou want
a low down Handy Vi'agon to
use about the place? Wewillfit
out your old wagon with Elec-
tric Wheels of any size and
any shape tire, straight or stag-
gered spokes. No cracked hubs, do

loose spokes, no rotten felloes, no resetting. Writ« f.r

the t)iK new catalogue. Itisfree.

Electric Wheel Co.| Box 146 Quincy, IllSa

TOP BUGGY

IRECTto User

$33.50

Hickory Wheels,
best steel Springa
aud Axles. Quar-
anteed fully.
Sen 1 for catalogue or call.
CHAS. C. CLARK & CO., 25 S. Main St., St. Louis.

WATER CLOSET COMBINATIONS,

Porcelain Bowl. Hardwood B*»t and TaBk,
Nickel Plated Hush and supply pipes, com.
ple(e,eacti 911.00,
Cost Iron Roll Rim Bath Tub5,

length 6 ft. Complete
with full set of nickel
plated fitting, eacb,
SI 1.00.

They are new ^oods,
ask for free catalogue

eiricago Hous* WretUng Co.. W. 35Hi ui \nt Uu.tHmm

BOSTROM'S INPROVCD FARM LEVEL

Fat'd 1902. „,TH AND WITHOUT TELESCOPE

Is no MAKESHIFT, but the

Ditching and Drainage. Price
JS and $10, including Tripod
and Rod. Send for dcscriptire
circulars and Treatise on Ter-

Bostrom, Brady !Mg. Co.,

311-2 W.Alabama St., Atlanta, Ga.

lATEST

(Newton'e Patent.)

laraovED

DEHORNER oSwrner

Guaranteed

S. H. BBOWN MFG. CO.. • - DKCATJJU, ILU,

Take Your Choice

Conv»x— very iimple, quick

rate. Bully V—lacestaadc

rful V-Koifo Diado. Sent

Calf Dishorner and other

e9. Send for catalog.

V^estcrn orden filled

SPRAYER

We want to send into every town ^^^^^^^P
and county a sample of our new F f^u^m^
self-operating Kant-Klog Sprayer.
No farmer, fruit or vegetable grower can afford to
be without one. They increa-'^e crops both in quan-
tity and quality, and double your yearly profit.

^A JftOrMTC ■ *aO,00 A DAT is wh»t ODt

I If nUILIl 19s new a^eat made. Anotberhu
sold and delivered 660 mochinea and has 100 more sold for
later delivery. With thecomplete detailed in-'tructions we send
our ageuta any man of ordinary ahility can do as well.
For further Informatiori address,

RochesferSprayPumpCO., 21 EastAv. Rochester, N.Y-

46

THB 80UTHEEN PLANTER

[Jannary

The Automatic

SURE HATCH

INCUBATOR

IT COSTS YOV NOTHING

Yards FlDe Poultry

premises and lind out
what the

ReliaJile IncubaLtor

«ic. Poultrj bo«k. No. ig.forlOcp^ti

RfliabUlDcb. andBrooderC'

Boi B- II (JulntT, III.

The PRAIRIE STATES

KEEP AT THE HEADis
Uore made

more prizes won than
ALL OTHERS combined.

ogue-just owl-fin-

' " ' -^ ' paper A

send for

est ever IssuedTMeni

PRAIRIE STATS INCUBATOR Co.
HOMEB CITY , Pa,, U.S.A.

ICTOR,

INCUBATORS

WROUGHT IRON PIPE

Good condition, used abort Omo only* cewthnadi
•Bd coupling, for Steam, Gm or Water, alEea from U
•ttU inch diameter. Our price per tool on ktMkiS
•bi OD 1 tech 4c. Write for free catalogne K» i^-

CHICAGO HOUSE WRECKING CO.

n. still and iroD Bu., niicaeo.

Krauaera' IMiuid
Extract of Smoke

Siiiukes iiifat jicrfootly in a
<. .Made fr..ni luckon' w«.d.
(Mcantr. cheaper. No

IN THE INTEREST OF THE WHOLE
PEOPLE.

Our readers will remember the Marvin
Smith Company as having been the
largest exclusive farm implement house
in the countrj'. Their well-known relia-
bility and responsibility in this direction
induced their many friends and patrons
to wiite them from all sections of the
country, sending in orders for goods
which they did not then carry. It was
this constant demand which induced
them to add departments of hardware,
tools, builders' supplies, builders' hard-
ware, gentlemen's clothing all kinds, of
hosiery, all kinds of underwear, gloves
and mittens, cook stoves, ranges and
heaters, sewing machines, tin and enamel
ware of all kinds, lanterns, household
supplies, trunks, valises, etc.

In looking over the catalogue, one can-
not help express both surprise and won-
der at the remarkably reasonable prices
at which the various articles are sold
For instance, take their new High Art
Colonial Cabinet, Ball-bearing Sewing
Machine. The price is only $18.95, a
much better machine in every way than
we had to pay t35 to $40 for elsewhere.
Then there are sicb other cises of quali-
ty and value as the following: Men's full
fleece-lined heavy winter underwear at
the ridiculously low price of 45c. per gar-
ment; ladies' part wool underwear, jersey
ribbed winter weight with all the latest
and newest conveniences and methods of
making at 50c. per garment; these same
goods are usually sold at 75c. or more per
garment in our home stores ; a boy's split
buckskin fleece-lined work or school mit-
ten for 23c. per pair ; men s split back
glove, all seams welted, fleece-lined and
with patent string fastening, at 35c. per
pair ; ladies' dressed kid gloves in medium
weight, very fine and dressy, at i\ ; just
about such a glove as the stores usually
charge $1.50 for.

By all means, send to these people for
their latest catalogue if you have not al-
ready done so. The book is almost cer-
tain to save you money on every article
which you wish to buy.

Some idea of the Incubator business is
gained when it is known that over
100,000 incubators were sold last year.
The use of the incubator and brooder in
poultry-raising is no longer an experi
ment. One of the firms that got a good-
ly share of this business is the Hawkeye
Incubator Company, of Newton, Iowa.
They were well pleased with their busi-
ness of last year, but to say they are feel-
ing good over prospects for the coming
season is to put it mildly. Their advance
sales for 1903 already exceed the entire
output of last season. The Hawkeye is
used in every State in the Union, and in
('anada, and in many foreign countrieb.
No wonder, for this Company guarantees
every machine to give entire satisfaction
or money refunded. They even sell on
.30 days' free trial, giving the purchaser
an opportunity to complete a liatch be-
fore accepting his machine. By all means,
write to them for their catalogue if you
are thinking of buying an incubator or
brooder. Address Hawkeye Incubator
Company, Newtown, la. Mention this
journal.

^^S&«^

_i strictly by ourselves for the ,

South. East and West, each variety in the
soction which secures its highest develop-
ment. Weaim to have everrtlimg the strong-
est and best of its kind.

WE PRACTICE NO DECEPTIONS

We do not
giv.

FARM, CIIDDI ICC DAIRT,

GARDEX, SUrrLlEO POULTBT,

IS lartre and the most complete. Write for handsome
new Catalogue No. 10 Sent FREE.

Griffith & Turner CO., 205 Paca St., Baltimore, Md,

WINES APS

I have for sale several blocks of the
finest two-year old Winesaps Apple trees
ever grown in the State The trees are
well branched and measuse from five to
eight feet in height Trees are dug from
the nursery the day they are shipped.

8c. each for the finest lot under 100.

7c. " " " " " over 100.

6 to 7c. wholesale.

CHAS. P. HACKETT, Manager,

Bonavista Narseries,
Albemarle County, Greenwood, V«.

..ELMWOOD NURSERIES..

ASPARAGUS

100,000 2-yr.-old Asparagus roots,
6 varieties A special rate of $3.50
per 1000 for 2 mos. for BARR'S,
PALMETTO, CONOVER.

APPLES

A large general assortment, in-
cludine WINESAPS and YORK
IMPERIALS.

Splendid Assortment of

Ornamental, Shade

and Fruit Trees.

Splendid lot of POL A.ND-CHINA
pigs ready for shipment. Also pure
BARRED PLYMOUTH ROCK,
BROWN LE&HORN, BRAHMA

fowls at $1 each.

WRITE FOR OUR CATALOGUE.

J.B.WATKINS&BRO.,Hallsboro,Vi.

MARK YOUR STOCK.

Use the
KENTUCKY ALUMINUM EAR LABEL.

Made by F. H. Jackson & Co., Winchester,
Ky. write to them for free samples.

liM>3 ,

I'HU BOUTHBKiJ FlLAJTrifili.

47

FARQUHAR

VARIABLE QlUf |||| I
Friction Feed OR ft IIIILL)

with patent feed, patent
doffs and set works is the
most convenient. durable,
perfect in operation, ana
the cheapest high-class
mill on the market. There
are more of these mills in
use than any othermake,
because they combine all
the latest improvements.
The sawyer ttanding in
one position, controls the
engine, sets the log, and
regulates the feed of the

age. The carnage IS
ved forward and back-

vard hy means of the Reamy patent feed and backing device.

ALL ABOUT THEM IN THE CATALOCUE.

Pennsylvania Disk or Hoe Drill.

This Low-Do

great strength and lighti
Each disc works independ-
ently and has an adjustable
coil eprine pressu

It is sure to put in the seed
every time. Chain drive
force feed, for^ain, grass

main axle. No jolt— saves
horses* necks. Accurate
grain, grass, phosphate, and

LOW DOWN, EASY TO FILL.

tt

Here is a name

FARQUHAR

9P

that stands for merit.

"IMPROVED" AJAX ^"S^S.^

This portable Engine is
made most carefully of
the best material. The
Boiler is made of the best
grade of boiler steel,
tensile strength, 65,000 to
6fi,000 pounds. The steel
fire boxes are strongly
riveted and tested at
double the strain they
will ever be required to
use. No Fiirqiihar
" " ' ever exploded.

3st improved pat-

V . arid of the best

material known. Tou
lebt to know about

FARQUHAR v%°f.*!!' SEPARATOR

threshes i

I kinds of

grain and del
in better condition'
than anv other made.
No cracting or wast-
ing of grain. The sep-
arating capacity is
very large and the
machine cannot be
crowded. It will eas-
ily take care of all the
grain that can be put
through the cylinder

■We also make Clover Iluller Attochn

flJ^FARQOHA^Oj^ljnitedn^^^

All these things fully described in the catalogue. It is free.

Also full line including all kinds of farm machinery.

The most popular Machine in use for Peanut Picking and Grain Threshing are the

HEEBNER'S,
LITTLE GIANT ^^o
PENNSYLVANIA

Machines, and they have splendid improvements for 1903.
They are built in first class manner, and are strong and dur-
able. The price is within the reach of all. We guarantee
them to do the work satisfactorily. We will mail catalogue
and testimonials, and quote prices on application.

RUBBER, LEATHER

and

GiNDY BELTING.

PRICK'S "ECLIPSE"
ENGINES and BOILERS.

ERIE ENGINES and BOILERS.

THE CELEBRATED

CHASE " SAW MILLS

Tbls cut 8h05is our 5 and 7 h.p, "Ll'tle
som " Vertical Automatic Engine,

DE LOACH " MACHINERY. ?erd?i°aiiTwS;e?r""* pickers: cuttm.

Larger sizes also furnished.

STRATTON & BRAGG, 20 and 22 N. Sycamore St., Pctcrsburg,Va.

48

TAB SOUTHERN PLAlTrBB.

[January

THE AGONY OF
INDIGESTION

How a Virginia Woman
Was Cured.

Mrs. S. P. Thompson, of Rodophil,
Va finfifered terribly with indigestion for
yeare Every mouthful of food was a
Martyrdom. Every meal was a repeti-
tion of agony-until Bhe heard of YA-
GER'S SARSAPARILLA WITH
CELERY- From the first bottle thtre
was an improvement. Food beuan to do
her good instead of injuring her health.
Mealtime became a pleasure instead of a
time of suffering. YAGER'S SARSA^
PARILLA changed the whole aspect of
life for Mrs. Thompson, it has done the
game for hundreds of others in similar
.ituations. Her gratitude to the medi-
cine does not stop with simpiy appreci-
ating it— she has told her friends and
neighbors of it, and of the wonderful
cure it has effected in her case.

YAGER'S SARSAPARILLA WITH
CELERY is working astounding cures in
hundreds of -owns to day. Every mail
brings notable additions to the great
Tolume of evidence already accumulated
as to the curative power in all diseases of
the nerves, blood and functional derarge-
ments. It is sold by all druggists, 50c. a
bottle. Made by Gilbert Bros. & Co ,
Baltimore, Md.

The Baby

Had Group

—one of the ehlldrjn had a cold ; father
had bronchitis; mother had atou^h of
Pleurisy They all took Honey- Totu.
ind weie cured. Sold by all druggleU,
loc. a Dig bottle, Made by

GILBERT BROS. & CO.,

BALTIMORE, MD.

HAVE YOU EVER USED

GLEASON'S

HORSE AND CATTAE

POWDER?

— TRV A PAGKAGE.m

FARMERS' BOYS AS BASE BALL
PLAYERS.

It is the Farmer Boy who takes the
lead in the Base Ball and Foot Ball
teams of the present day, who from ear-
ly childhood ha? gained brawn and brave-
ry through hard work upon the farm;
yet he rarelv gets the credit of it, for the
success of a' team is usually attributed to
the city lads, when, really, it is due to
one or two rough farm boys who pulls
them through.

The fact is established by the follow-
ing little story of actual occurrence:

A wail of despair arose in one of the
principal Academies of the State when
its base ball team was organizing for its
spring work. The trouble was that young
Hal Ilavseed, who bad been Captain of
the team the previous session, had not
returned, and his place could not be suc-
cessfully filled. After much debating and
consultation, it was decided to send a
committee of three, one of the teachers
and two of the boys, to visit old Farmer
Hayseed, who lived not far away, and
persuade him to send his son back, mak-
ing him liberal offers for his tuition and
advancement in study.

As they approached the farm, they
found young Havseed busy ploughing for
corn in the 6eld, dressed in his rough
farm suit.

""What a pity that such a fine fellow
should be thus working among the clods,"
exclaimed one of the boys as they drove
up.

"Yes, and to lose such valuable time
from his studies," said the teacher.

" 0 ! we must get him awav from here,
for our team cannot do without him,"
cried the third.

Young Hayseed saw the approach of
his former companions, so dropping his
lines, he came forward smiling and greet-
ed tbem heartily.

There was no abashment in his face at
being found in such menial work, but,
with a manlv voice, welcomed them to
the farm, and took them to the house to
see his father.

They found the old man busy in his
garden planting seeds; he saw the ap
proach of the young gentlemen, and
guPHsed their errand: and though shak
ine his head ominously, yet he dropped
his work and greeted his young visitors
kindlv.

The old gentleman listened respectful-
ly to their praise of his bov, and their
wish to do him ereat good : he was touch-
ed and snrprioed at suMi liberal offers to
supply his son's place on the farm by
other help, but he quickly saw that their
chief object was to place him on their
base ball team.

The old man now spoke plainly.

" Young gentlemen, my son is all the
help T have on the farm ; if you take
him, T am helpless, for I cannot supply
his place! I wish to give him an educa-
tion and protession, but do not intend to
part with him for base ball or foot ball
playing; now. ask him which he prefers,
to work for me or play Kill."

It was a great temptation and allure-
ment to Young Hayseed, as presented by
hii eay and festive companions; and too,
a great compliment to h'S skill at ball
playing*

300
pounds

per acre more
Wheat, Oats,
Rye or Barley
may be raised
for each loo
pounds of

NITRATE OF SODA

used as a Top Dressing on the
soil. Frequent trials at Agricul-
tural Experiment Stations the
world over fully prove this to
be so.

Your address on a Post Card will bring
you our yVe-f Bulletin "Practical Hints
for the Profitable Application of Nitrate
of Soda as a Fertilizer," and others full
of interest to farmers.

controlled by adac

Good's Caiutlc Potash Wliale
Oil Soap, No. 3.

It alio prevent! Curl Leaf. Endoraed by ia>
tomologlits. Thli loap !• a fertUlMr aa wall
MlniecUolde. 60 lb. kegs, C30; 100 lb. kesi,
H.GO. Half barrels, 270 lbs., at SKc. per lb. ;
barrele, 425 Iba., at 8Vo. Large qoantlUM,
tjiealal ratei. Send for olrooiar.

JAMES GOOD,

J81M1 N. Front St., philadclphi*. m.

FRAZER

ylxic Grease th'l^worid.
wearing qualltlee are ansurpassed, »o-
,lly outlasting 3 bx<. any olber brand,
t affected by heat. •9-6<t the Qenalne.
FOR SALE BY ALI. DEALERS.

LIME

AeRICULTURAL
and BUILDERS'

Send for Circulars and Prlce-LUt.

FELLSWORTH LIME WORKS

REEVES CATT, Atent,

Bodley, Autrusta County, Va.

$.B.AD)(INS&GO.

it

4 and 6 Governor Street,

RICHMQND, VA.
EXPERT BOOKBINDERS
and Commercial Printers.

1903.]

THE SOUTHERN PLANTEB.

49

Few young men could resist such an
offer, for he knew the good times and
high praist his learn would have in many
a contest over the State; so it was some
momenta before he spoke alter his old
father had turned to him and said, "Say,
my sou, what is your wish?"

Drawing himself up proudly, he re-
plied -" iSo, boye, 1 cai.not leave the
farm; 1 have begun the crop auU will go
through \Mlh it; 1 would like to be wilti
you to strujigle for the championship on
the ball team, but my latuer needs me,
and my duly is heie.'

His haudsomely-dressed companions
were silenced for a moment, and then
turning iu admiiation of him, the teacher
shook Ills hand lieartiiy as he taid—

" You are right, aud we honor your de-
cision, though regielting deeply you can-
net be witli us;" sosajing ihey drove
off with lather tad counteuauces, while
young Hayseed returned to the field and
took up ploughing again.

There wa« a loud wail in the school
when the boys saw the committee return
witi.oui Hal Hayseed, and the exclama-
tion went up — ' What shall we do !"

Hal, too, felt grievously disappointed
that he was necessitated to eiay on the
farm, yet he felt he was doing bis duty
and stuck manfully to his vvorg, planted
aud cultivaied his litile crop of corn ihor-
ougbly, and it beiiig a good season, his
heart was made glad ulien at laot he saw
the crop sately boused, and was compli-
meuted by bis neighuors od his success;
and his satisfaction was still greater as he
saw the ueaui of j^iy and gratitude upon
his old falber's face.

The autumn days had come, and his
work laid by, aud now he made a visit to
his former schoolmates to see how the
foot-ball team was pri greasing.

At the bight of Hal, the boys raised a
great shout of joy, lor they had just re-
ceived a challcijge to a foot ball contest,
and were in a ijuandary how to fill it;
but at the sight of Hai'a smiling face they
felt that he could help them out of the
difficulty.

'■ Yes, boys," replied Hal to their eager
question, " the corn crop is housed, and I
am now free to help you. My farm work
has only served to harden me for the
gridiron and I have not forgotten how
to play."

It 18 needless to say, the challenge was
accepted. Hal was given the chief posi-
tion and by his skill and prowess they
easily won the game.

Hal Havfeed now received many enco-
miums Irom his old schoolmates, whoad-
mired him all the more, not only for
helping them, but for siicking to the
farm and helping his old father first in
the needi of the family. How many
farmers boys are now doing the same ?

Albemarle Co., Va. E. C. M.

The annual report of the Secretary of
Agriculture is one of the most interesting
reports ever sent out from the depart-
ment. It bears ev.dence of being the
work of a man thoroughly competent
and fu ly conversant with all the d tai's
of agricultural life and deeply imbued
with the iujpo tai'ce of the application
of fcience to the practical wnrk of the
&rm. Every farmer should send for a
copy of the report.

Feed Your Land

with fertilizers rich in Potash and
your crop will crowd your barn.
Sow Potash and reap dollars.

A Fertilizer Without

POTASH

Is Not Complete.

Be good to your land and your
crop will be good. Plenty of
Potash in fertilizers spells qual-
ity and quantity in the harvest.

Our Five Free Books

are a complete treatise on fer-
tilizers, written by men who
know. They are useful to
every man who owns a field
and a plow, and who desires
to get the most out of them.
Your name on a postal will do.

50

THE 80UTHBEN PIlOTTEB.

[January

FEED MILLS.

EVERY MAN HIS OWN MILLER.

The latest improved. Does all
kinds of work. Mort (durable;
baegroun lover 15,000 bushels
without repair or expense The
fastest grinder; has ground 300
busbels In 4 hours. Lightest
draft and lowest price. The
World's Best I Send for prices
to the manufacturers.
N.M. FIELDMFQ. CO.,St. Louis.Mo.

It Never Ohokes

KELLY

DUPLEX

GRINDING MILL

5 nn/del (ur (rHn.l.ns: all
m and unshuLkc.i torn.
feed regulal'Tan.l >,-rinds

re. Make^excellentmeal.
irinds feed t^ any fineneiS. Is nmM substantial, ftte 1 I„ any
p«wer. Irec..itiK.i;.LrviiicesvouoritssuperiorU> ^^ r Ic (■ r it.

THE 0 S. KELLV CO., Uejl. T SPRINGFIELD, UHIO.

The Old Reliable Aotl-Frictioo, F»ur-Burr

MOGUL MILLS.

No gearing, no friction.
Tboaiiands in use. Four-
horse mill grlnda 60 to 80
buB. perboor. W'emakea
full line of Feed Mills best
ever sold. Including the fa-
raouR Iowa grinder Xo. 2.
for?l'2.5C. Send for free cat.

Manufactured and .sold by the
Iowa Grinder and Steamer Works, Waterloo, Iowa

PRENCH BURR and

ATTRITION MILLS

prind com cobs and all

r p-Alo- Mftk*

y PRENC

^^IBIBBII^ Fifteen Days Free
SPHOTT, W.^LDROX A- CO.. Boi 30 MnncT,Pa

TRY IT 'VoT BUY IT

»iB (rtader k«1« and u«

rliitel to Itt TM pT<TT« tt.

D^Tf6'S

f M-^^ TiHpl* Ovarrd RaU Bearing

dtjr. easiest roii&er, doo't kaep
♦i^J>ITTO^o^*^ollet|rjV

ENGINES, BOILERS
AND MACHINEnY.

^Vhea j«u wantg(K>d rebuilt mfr
chlaeiry At b&rgfUjl prlce«, wrlto tor
our Catalogue. No. 166 We cinj
all UDOfl oi eaeloed (K4UI, irajK>leiM
and 0teaiD yower). bollerv, ptuupa,
and mm eappUee In ffttnerml.
CHIOIOO HOUSE WRKCKINOOa

Wcat Stth and boa f ta_ Cblcac*.

WITH THE ADVERTISERS.
This issue contains the advertisements
of the leading business tirins of the coun-
try, and we bespeak for them the liberal
patronage of our readers.

The Lenox Sprayer and Chemical Co.,
of Pittstield, Mass., are advertising their
well known Bordeaux Mixture and Spray-
ers for applying same, in this issue.

The famous Elk Garden herd of Short-
horns is oflered by Mr. H.C.Stuart. Spl n-
did chance for some good Shorthorn
blood.

Polled Durhams are advertised else-
where in this issue by Mr. J. L. Hum-
bert, University of V'a.

Look up the advertisement of the Bu-
cher & Gibbs Plow Co. Their Imperial
Plows are already well known to num-
bers of our readers.

Oak Ridge Farm is offering some nice
Red Polls, at right prices.

The Miller Manure Spreader is offered
by the Newark Machine Co., of Newark,
Ohio. Send for circulars and prices of
this labor-saver.

Messrs. C. M. Armes & Co. are adver-
tising an excellent old Virginia planta-
tion in this issue.

Baker's Jack Farm has 150 Jacks and
Jennets for sale.

Spectacles, Optical Goods and Cameras
are advertised bv the 3. Galeski Optical
Co., of Kichmond, Va.

Messrs. J. M. Thorburn & Co., Seeds-
men, New York, would like to mail their
102nd Annual Catalogue to our readers.
Look up the advertisement.

Mammoth Bronze Turkeys crossed on
Wild Turkeys are advertised by Mrs J. J.
Franklin.

The Merchants National Bank of Rich-
mond, Va., makes a splendid showing in
its annual statement published elsewhere
in this number.

The Iowa Grinder and Stea-ner Works
are new advertisers in this issue. They
have a good feed mill, about which they
would like to inform our readers.

C C. Clarke & Co., St. Louis, Mo., offer
buggies, etc., in another column.

Knight & Jetton, Murfreesboro, Tenn.
offer Jacks and Jennets in another col
umn.

The Biltmore Farms advertise their
annual Brond Sow sale in this istue
Look up the advertisement and write for
a catalogue.

Mohland & Co.. Burlington, la., are ad-
vertising Stump Pullers in this number.
The Ohio Carriage Mfg. Co., Cincinnati
Ohio, bpgin the season's advertising with
a card in another ('olumn.

Biltmore Standard Poultry is offered in
a half-page advertisement on another
page.

The Sydnor Pump and Well Co., Rich
mond, Va., are new advertisers in this
issue. Gasoline Engines are prominent
in this month's advertisement.

A splendid Weeder is advertised by
the Keystone Farm Machine Co., York,
Penna.

The Roderick Lean M'fg Co., of Mans-
field, Ohio,.are advertising the celebrated

THE

LANSINQ" PERFECT
l.UBULAR SILO

IS THE BEST SILO MADE.

A. M. D. HOLLOWAY,

Builders' Exchange. Phila.. Pa., U. S. A.

Write for Cat.alogue and price.

Made
since
1868

FARIVI

Implements

Made l>y experi
enced workmen ol
special material.
Acknowledged by farmcro ^a^.c!iui toall
others. sOLD ON THEIR MERITS.
Spike Tooth Harrows. Spring Tooth
Harrows. Disc Harrows.
Land Rollers. Hand Carls.
Writ* for

catalogue.
RODERICK
LEAN MFG.
COMPANY.
Mansfield, 0.
Wheels or Shoes on '^ear.

WANTED TO RENT

A 2 OR 3 HORSE-POWER

GASOLINE ENGINE.

Want It for 1 or 2 years, with privilege o
buying. Musi be as good as new.
Adilre.ss jf,jo ^ MARTIN Qreeowood, Va,

*ND SHEEP PELT« TO

mcMILLAN FUR & WOOL CO..

, Minneapolis, Minn. ^^ ,

IWRire FOR CIRCUL'WRS

Dlllf CIIDC Write for free price-list.

nnif r UnOi Head F^B AND WOOL,,

only paper of Its kind lo the world.

Copy free,

3. B. UANLOVE, ^ pushneU, lU

W03.J

THE SOUTHERN PLANTER.

51

BARREN
COWS

Cows That Will Not
Get With Calf.

About one cow in ten is barren. Usually large
milkers have this trouble. The common cause
is a weakness of the private organs, making the
animal either refuse to mate at the regular time,
or. if she will mate, the desired result will not be
obtained. The loss from one barren cow will eat
up the profit of at least five paying ones. For
this trouble we recommend

Kow - Ku re

FOR COWS ONLY

Thousands of barren cows have been made to
breed by the use of this great cow medicine.

Hadley. Pa., Dec. 13. 1900.
Dairy Association:

Gentlemen:— \ had a cow. the best one on the
farm, which I could not get with calf. I fed one
box of Kow-Kure and she caught the first time I
drove her. Yours, A. E- McDowell.

Kow-K,ure is in powder form, to be given in regular
feed. It cures abortion, barrenness and scours, re-
moves retained afterbirth and caked udder, strengthens
the appptite, purifies the blood, vitalizes the nerves,
and prevents disease. It increases the milk. Itisa
medicine for cows only, made by the Dairy Associa-
tion, LyndonviUc, Vt. Price 50 cents and #1.00,

The RICHMOND, FREDERICKSBURG

and POTOMAC R. R.
and WASHINGTON SOUTHERN R'Y

Form the Link connecting the
AtlanUc Cost Line R. R.,
Baltimore and Ohio R. R.,
Chesapeake and Ohio R'y.
Pennsylvania R. R.,
Seaboard Air Line R'y
and Southern R'y.
Between all points, via Richmond, Va.

Fast Mall, Passenge- ar d Express Route be-
tween Richmond, Fredericksburg. Alexan-
dria, Washington, Baltimore. Philadelphia,
New York, Boston, Pittsburg, Buffalo and All
Points North, East and West.

W P. TAYLOR, Traffic Manager, Rlchmsnd. Va

r,pan Harrows and Roller in another col-
umn.

The Prairie State Incubator ,wel! known
to many of our readers, is offered by its
makers in this number.

Nursery Stock, Sirawberv Plants, etc.,
are advertised by W. T. Hood & Co. W.
F. Allen, Franklin Davis Nursery Co., H.
Lightfoot and others. Get catalogues be-
fore making up your list.

The Eureka Mo*er Co., Utica, N. Y.,
advertisfs a 81 lendid line of implements
in another column. Look up the adver-
tisement and write for prices on what
you need.

The Davidson Harrow Co., Utica, N. Y.,
which is among the largest makers of
Harrows in the world, has an advertise-
ment in this issue.

Yager s Sarsaparilla with Celery is ad-
vertised as usual in this issue. Ask your
druggist for a trial bottle.

The J. A. Salzer Seed C J., La Crosse,
Wis., starts the season's advertising with
an advertisement in this number.

Look up the ad vertisement of the Stand-
ird F. O. Incubator in this issue.

Morrill & Morley, Benton Harbor,
Mich., make the Eclipse Spray Pumps,
and are advertising them elsewhere in
this issue. It is interesting, and it gives
one confidence in their goods to know
that this firm were originally, as they
still are, one of the largest growers of
fruit in this famous section, and in using
the b»st spraying apparatus obtainable at
that time, f lund all open to objection as
not d ing perfect work. Ttiey tet to work
and made a machine alter their own
ideas, which gave such satisf;iction that
neighboring growers insisted on dupli-
cate outfits. Ai tual test by the most
practical people in tlie country has de
velnped a high degree of ediciency inthe
Kclipse, and has made its makers one of
the largest manufsicturers of spraying
machinery in the country.

Write for their catalogue, which em-
bodies valuable information about spray-
ing, and mention seeing advertisement in
this journal.

FOR BIG HITCHES.
The Reliable Incubator continues year
after year to lead the world iu sales, both
in this country and abroad. It has lony
ago proved its worth. Experiencfd poul-
tryraen know exactly what they can
count upon when they start it; they run
no risks. The Reliable is built by prac-
tical pouUrymen who devote all their
time and energy to the poultry and incu-
bator business and keep constantly i no -
proving their product. The long years of
experience which they have had is worth
thousands of dollars to poultry raisers
A pari of this experience is iiuorporated
in the new catalogue they have just
ifsue<l, and we know that every one of
our readers will find it of great interest
and practical value. D,3n't fail to send
for a copy, enclosina 10 cents for postiige.
Address, Reliable Incubatorand Brooder
Co., Quincy, 111.

Mention the Southern Plar.ter when cor-
responding with advertisers.

Warranted

give satisfaction.

GOMBALLT'S

CAISTIC BALSAM

A safe, speedy
positive cure

for

Curb, Splint, Sweeny, Capped Hock,
Strained Tendons, Founder, Wind Puffs,
and all lameness from Spavin, Ringbone
and other bony tumors. Cures all skin
diseases or Parasites, Thrush, Diphtheria.
Removes all Bunches from Horses or
Cattle.

As 1 '^ ^

Every bottle of Cauatlc ISalsnia sold is
Warranted to pire satisfaction. Price 91. SO
per bottle. Sold by dru(?^sts, or sent by ex-
press, charges paid, with full directions for its
use. Send for descriptive circulars, testimo-
nials, etc. Address
TEB LlWRBNCE-WIllIiKSCOMPAm.CleTeland, Oliio.

foutzs

HORSE

. -AND

CATTLE
POWDER

DAVIDt.FOUTZ

:BALTrMdR£,Mt).

medicine which makes
Tials weU. the diseased
whole, the weak strong and the
thin fat. It wiU restore lost Appetite,
expel Wotms and care Chronic Cough,
Heaves, Influenza, Distemper, Hide-
l bound, Indigestion, Constipation, Flat-
k ulency and all Stomach and Bowel

Fistula and
Poll Evil .

lou can
treat these
d i seawes
y o li r s e 1 f
and cure thein in 1.5 to .SO dayf . FlPm-
Ing's h'istulnand Holl Evil Cure is easy
In apply, peif'ctly safe \n use, and
vonr money is promptly refunded if it
slioiiUi ever fall to cure.

Interesting Booklets Free.
We have two booklet-i to send you.
Oue tells about FIMula, Poll Evil,
Spavin. Ringbone, Cnrb, Splint, Knee-
Sprung, T,nnip.Iaw. etc., with instruo-
tlf>ns how to fure Ihena.

The oilier proves that you can cure
them. Write 1o day.

FLE ■ INO BHOS., Chemists.
22 Union Stock Yards. - Chicaeo. HI.

J Tor irinl

^ti troubiea

ng rtfoamriidB. $1 pel

IJealera, mall or Bz.pald

AewtoD Horw kBe^r C«
I T > ToUdo. OhU

52

THE 80TJTHERN PLAJfrTKR.

[January

FOR SALE CHEAP.

4 1 0 ACRES or tbe finest land in the Stale n'
VIrEliila. lying four miles north of the City of
Rfjaiioke. In the very best sectlou of Roanoke
county. Ihl8 lau'i has been wotked a little
bard, but could easily be brought ba'^k to Us
oncehlKB siaK-ofculiivatloM. Itsold before tbe
Civil War, without any bul dings for $100 per
a re. There Is upon It an old favhloned Vir-
ginia Mans on (brick), with leu rooms, which
cost the owner wheu bu it, some thirty years
ago, rJOOO . The dwelling Is filthily out of
repair, but a few hundred dollars «|ent would
make 1' one of tiie flnCKt farm houses in tlie
stale of Virginia- In fact, e(iual lo most citv
mansions. <jood bam, and all necessary out-
buildings. The land Is all level and In falrlv
good Ilx, good orchard, and a well of water as
cold as Ice at the lack d. or. With a couple of
thousand dollars si ent on this plnce, it can be
made one of the finest farms In ihe Slate of
Virginia. Owing t . the fact that It must be
sold In order tow ud up an estate, it is oll'cred
at the remarkably low price of IIS.OOO.

Terms: One-third cash, balance in one and
two years Possibly easier terms can be ar-
r<inged. Any one wanting an ideal old Vir-
ginia country home will buy this property
If they once see It, Writ« us or come and let
us show you this property.

If you have any real estate for sale, no mat-
ter where located, send us d-scription and
price. We can sell It. If you want to buy
real estate anywhere In the Uulled States,
wrile us. Youi wants will ue supplied.

No 119. CH.\S. M. .ARMES & CO.,
So. 213 Jefferson Street, - lioanoke, Va.

HOMES*"""""""

FIND THEM.^^

No plate in the United States can a mat
do BO well at farming, for tbe money in-
vested, as in Virginia. Lands are cheap ;
climate good, and the beet of markets
close at hand. It is the State of all
others, for a comfortable all the yeai
round home. The James River Valley
Colonization and Improvement Company
offer superior advantages to land pur
chaaers. For free 36 page land pamphlet,
address

W. A. PARSONS, Vlnlta, Va.

To HOMESEEKERS.

"THE BUSINESS OF FARMING
IN VIRGINIA"

Is the title of a new pamphlet Issued by the
Norfolk and Western Railway Company We
will gladly mall you a copy.

W. B BEVILL, PAULSCHERER, Agl ,

G.P. A, Landt and Immigration,

Roanoke, Va.

**GOOLXJlMCUr"

STOCK AND DAIRY FARM FOR SALE.

Large house; liio acres land »ell watered
and wooded, wood enough to bring the price
aaken for the place. 1 mile 'roni ihe growing
manufacturing lown of Henderson N C

Price, 83 .TOO. One-half cash, balance In I and
2 years. Will sell cows wlih dairy If desired.

Reasons for selling, can't looknfiemiv office

and dairy

Dr. C G TAYLOR. Henderson, N C.

/ CajdJ^ell Your Farm

BO maner *liCTe it U. Send dosLtirti.m, state pric# ud
imnho- E»t.-,«. Hletotrefcnics. Office ir,4 cldS:

W. M. OtUander.iijggN, a. Bide., FhiUdclpbla

MAGAZINES.

The "New Year" number of Lippin
cott's Magazine is a veritable mine of
good fiction, containing a whole novel
and nine short otories, besides several
papers of timely interest, some choice
verse, and fun galore in the department
called "Walnuts and Wine."

Tbe novel is "The New Ileloise," by
Mrs. Si-buyler Crowninshield. In this
there is new eviiience that "Love Laughs
at Locksmiths' and stone walls— even
those of a French convent There is a
yuuiig probationer behind these walls
seeking refuge in priestly garb from a dis-
tasteful marriage arranged by a too zeal-
ous siepmother. But he is not destined for
such a life, and Love is waiting for him
in the form it as charming a French
girl as can be imagined. A candidate is
lost to celibacy and happiness reigns
supreme.

Edgar Fawcetc's story, "The Kesurrec-
tion of Edith," is an absolutely novel
plot, both weird and fascinating. There
are two Western tales ; one by E Bolt
wood called 'A Bivouac de Luxe," and
one by H. Giovannoli called "A Bull
Mountain Pastoral." Both of them are
so good it is difficult to pick the winner.
Albert Payson Terhune contributes what
may be considered his best effort, and
his is a name well known in the sfory-
wriiing worlii. It is entitled "The Man
With the Shoulders." "Judith in Mack-
ford's Entry," by Grace Rhys (wife of
the English novelist, Ernest Khys), is a
pathetic story of a pretty Irish girl who
was induced to go to London to better
herself, and who was lured into the dis
reputable "Mackford's Entry.'' Ina Bre-
voort Roberts, tl.e author of that popular
novel published in Lippincott's entitled
"The Lifting of a Finger," contributes a
delightful tale entitled "The Decision,"
W. A. Fraser's story, "The Hesurrection
of P. I. G.," is both humorous and earn-
est. "A Stolen Day," by Harriet Clay
Penman, is about a day's journey on the
cars, with a phyeicological touch which
is charming. Bernice C. Caughey con-
tributes an attractive sketch called "A
Fair Fee," in which a man shows how
clever he can be to win the girl he loves.

'The proper ripening and maturing of
whiskey depends on the care and method
of storage. The warehouses of the Hay-
ner Distilling Company are of the most
modern and improved style, constructed
entirely of brick and steel, and etjuipped
with the hot air system of heating and
ventilating, which keeps the whiskey at
a uniform temperature the year round.
As a result, their 7-year old is as fully
developed as 14 year-old aged in the or-
dinary old-fashioned way, and it's better,
too, for an uneven temperature of ex-
treme heat and cold destroys the qualitv
and flavor.

During the entire process of manufac-
ture, and from the time it is stored in
barrels in their warehouses, until seven
years later, it is bottled and shipped,
Hayner Whiskey is under the watchful
care of ten of Uncle Sam's tiovernment
officials. It goes direct from their distil-
lery to you, with all its original richness
and flavor, carries a United States Regis-
tered DiBtiller's Guarantee of Parity and

PLANTATION For Sale.

If any person desires to purchase a
splendid James River Piantitlon con-
sisting of 1 000 acies of the best land In
the State, togethtr with all stock, im-
plements, grain, et •., I ofl-r mine at
»20.tlO0 Afier y.iu see It, and have par-
ticulars, you will agree it Is cheap at
Ihls figure. Address
"PLANTATION.- ca'e Soul-e'n Planter Office

WE HAVE A LARGE LIST OF

FRUIT, POULTRY and TRUCK FIRMS.

Ten, Klfty and One Hundred Acres each, with
good buildings, close to steam and tiolley

lines, easy ace s> to the city. Also

GRAIN AND STOCK FARMS

From 100 to 1 OOii acres at low prices, all the

way from ib to »,50 per acre. Write for

Catalogue.

THE VIRGINIA LAND AGENCY. Richmond, a

J. R. HOCK.4DAY, Manager.

"PIEDMONT ft^pllcf?'

Good land, climate, markets, shipping fa-
cilities, churches, nchools, good health, mode-
rate prices, eas.v terms.
MACON & CO., Orange, V«,

riNT PiRMQ 'i^ ">« K<'^t fruit grain anO
I inL rHnmO stocksectlon of VIHOmiA.

Best climate and water In the LT. S. Near
great markets, with best educational advan-
tages. For further Information, address

ALBEM.\RLE IMMIGRATION CX).,
Sam'l B. Woods, Pres. Charlottesville, Va.

Virginia Farms

\11 prices and sizes. Free list on application.
WM. B. PIZZIHI CO., Richmond, «a.

VIRGINIA FARMS

$3 PER ACRE AND UPWARDS.

Easy Payments- Catalogue FRrc.

-JEO. E. CRAWFORD & CO., Richmond. Vt.

Established ll$75.

IFYOU WISH TO SELL

OR BUY

VIRCmiA LANDS

Communicate with us. Write for free
" Virginia Real Estate Journal,' con-
taining many splendid bargalLS.
R B. CHA»F1N & CO.. Inc.,

No. I N. lOih St., Richmond, Va

"Crop Growing
# Crop Feeding"

BY Prof. W. f. masscv.
383 Pp. Cloth, St. 00; Paper, 60c.

We otier this splendid work in conneo-

tlOD with the Southern Plantar

at the folllowlng prices:

Southain Planter tnd Cloth

Bound Volume, $).2B
Southern Planter and Paper

Bound Volume, 9Bc.
Old or new aubaciipUona.

1903.]

THE SOUTHEBN PLAHTTEB.

5S

LEGHORN POULTRY YARDS

Have lur .-alt- a (Miiui;ii mnuner of Single
Comb Brown aud Wliite Leghorn Pullets and
Roosters. Be.-it layers known. Prize winning
stock, -rire, *1.00to«l..')0eaeli. Eggs In .season
at $1.00 for Hi ; 8.5 00 per 100 Satisfaction guar-
anteed. Addre-s

A T MATTHEWS, Box 36, Parksley. Va.

HOLLYBROOri FARM

Has for sale a few Extra Fine Cockerels of

Barred Plymouth Rocks,
White and Silver- Laced Wyandottes,
Light Brahmas,

All vigorous, thoroughbred stock.

Write for f-rices.

HENRY W. WOOD.

HoHvbrook Farm. Richmond, Va

SILVER LACED

WYiNSOTHS

Choice pnrenredspec-

imensoff-itl erex.Sl

each, inany quantity.

Kggs In season.

Dr. H H. LEE,

Lexington, Va

SRECiAL SALE.

National Strain,

M. BRONZe TURKEYS.

Descendants of prize winners. Hold in
pairs or trios. Lar^ e, beautiful birds,
at exceedingly low price**. The first
orders will gi-t pick of iaige fluck.

Correspondence solicited.
PIEDMONT POULTRY PLACE,
Miss E. Cat le Gdes. Prop., Whittle's Depot, Va.

FOR SALE

7 Each pure bred

SILVER-LAGED WYANDOTTE

COCKS and PULLETS

At $1 00 Apiec-.
a. F. COX, - Irwio. Qoochland County, Va.

MAMM3THBR0iZE TURKEYS

FOR. sa,1j.e:.

Apply to R. E. CREE, Crozet, Va.

Age, and saves you the enormous profits
of the dealers. Read the Hayner Com
pany's offer elsewhere in this journal.

CAT.iLOGUES.

T. \V Wood & Sons, Seedsmen, Rich-
m)nd, Va. This old firm, which con-
ducts the largest seed business in the
South, has issued one of the finest seed
calalonues which it has ever got out. It
is replete with iuformation of the great
est value to every farmer, trucker and
gardener, and will be tent free to all
who apply for it.

Prairie State Incubator Co., Homer
City, Pa. This company has issued the
finest catalogue we have ever seen got
ten out liy an incubator company. It is
beautifully illustrated and got up in the
finest style. It is really a work of art.
All who desire information on incubators
should send for it.

McCormick Division International Har-
vester Co. of America, Chicago, 111., are
sending out a beautifully executed
pamphlet descriptive of their well-known
machines. Farmt-rs should send for this.
Every detail of the machines is fully de
scribed and illustrated.

The Stover Manufacturing Co., Free-
port, III., send out a fine catalogue of
their well known grinding mills, of which
they make the largest and most com-
plete line of any company.

Aspinwall Manufacturing Co., Jackson,
Mich. Catalogue of potato machinery.
Every potato grower should see this cat-
alogue.

•John Lightfoot, Sherman Heights,
Tenn. Catalogue of strawberry plants.

We beg to acknowledge, with thanks,
the receipt of a copy of the Congressional
Directory from Senator Mar, in.

The International Slock Food Com-
pany, Minneapolis, Minn., inform us
that they have j ist purchased for $60,000,
the chAinpion harness horse of the
world, D.iU Patch, l:fi9i His perma
nent home will be the IneiTiational
Slock Food Farm, near Minneapolis,
where his owners have built the finest
barns and stables on any farm in the
country. These stables follow lines
which we have frequently suggested in
these columns. They are practically de
tached from the barn and only one story
in height and lighted from both sides.

Ignis Fatuus ? A problem in Fuel, sub-
mitted by Edward Atkinson. Ph. D.

In this little pamphlet Mr. Atkinson
suggests the possibility of the farmers
beating the coal barons in supplying the
fuel needed to keep the people warm and
the wheels of industry revolving by so
preparing corn ttalks as to make them a
feasible fuel. As the result of an exam-
ination by an expert, it is found that '20
tons of Corn stalks and fodder is equiva-
lent to about 14 tons of good coal. The
problem is now to put this into good
hape for handling on the market.

Reg. HAMPSHIREDOWN SHEEP

Of the best breeding. One lamb weighed
14.5 lbs. at 5 luos. old. PrI ;es right.

SLATE TURKEYS

Are the most domeslic, US per pair.

BUFF PLYMOUTH ROCKS,

81 each.
J. D. THOMAS, - Round Hill, Va.

WHTTF ^^^"^u"'"" ^ocKs,

HOLLAND TURKEYS

Fine strains and beautiful birds. Will
be sold at reasonable prices. Farm
bred birds and very healthy; six
months old. A few Setter puppies a
month old. For pricesa nd particulars
apply
JOHN A. CLARK, - SHIRLEY, VA.
THE IMP. FRUIT AND POULTRY FARM

OFFERS

200 B. P. ROCK ind S. G. B. LEGHORN
COCKERELS and PULLETS

At only tl each. This »tock is pure,

aod win please.

P H HEYDENREICH, Prop , Staunton, V«.

BROWN LEGHORNS

(Single Comb )

Some fine, vigorous, cockerels atJil.OO each.
6 firnts at Richmond Show, Nov. 2J-2U, 1902.

WHITE PLYMOUTH ROCKS

R. W. HAW, Jr., - Centralia,Va.
BARt^EDand BUFF

PLYMOUTH ROCKS

Cocks and Cockerels, 81 ..tO aud $1.00 each,

trios, 8.5.00.

FRED NUSSEY, - Summit. Spotsylvania Co, Va.

WHI t PLYMOUTH ROCKS,

75 cents each.

M. B. TURKEYS,

$S.OO per pair.

BERKSHIRE PICS.

$5.00 each.
W F. FLANA9AN. - Chrii'iansburg Va.

PLYMOUTH ROCK EGGS
FOR BROILERS.

The unnersigued can furnish them In

liuiited quantities at 8J for 100.

F. O. B. at Claremont, Va.

J. M. HUGHES, Claremont, Surry Co.. Va.

MAMMOTH BRONZE TURKEYS

CHOSSED WITH

WILD TURKEYS.

FOR SALE BY

Mrs. J. J. KRAXKLIX, - Pamplin City. Va.

M. B TURKEYS. 86, 50 a trio.

Pt KIN DUCKS « I. .50 per pair.

S. C. B. LEQMORN CHICKENS.

Address

Mils CLARA L. SMITH, Croxtoi, Cirollne Co., Va.

Pure Bred Bronze Turkeys

For sale. Some from the prize-winning stuck
of Madison Square Ganieu show 1902 Price
Cocks, $3.00; Hens, 2..50; Pairs, $5.00.

Mrs. WM. S. WOODS, Ivy Depo Va.

FORStU

54

THE SOUTHERN PLANTER.

Jannary

Lion Coffee

is 1 6 ounces of pure
coffee to the pound.
Coated Coffees are

only about 14 ounces
of coffee and two
ounces of eggs,
glue, etc., of no
value to you, but
money in thepocket
I of the roaster.

MAleU (.Kckftr* >ni'jret Qui-

FaR SALE!

BED POLL CATTLE

HIDING and D£iIV"ING HORSES

and a FEW BROOD MARES.

SHETLA.ND PONIE3,

POLAND-CHINA HOGS.

BRONZE TURKEYS,

PEKIN DUCKS.

BARBED PLYMOUTH ROCKS.

ALBEMARLE PROLIFIC SEED
CORN

Wrl'e fi>r prices aid brrediog. No belter
Klock lo be had and nolliioe but good in
dlvliKiaLs t^hlpped.

ARROWHEAD STO K FAItM,

Sam'l B. Woods. Prop. CharlottesvlIle.Va.

DORSET SHEEP

Have tlie true GoMen Hoof, ami
make Sotnliern farmeis more profit
than any other stotk. Write the
Secretary of the Contioental Dor-
se* Club for information and lists
of breeders.
JOS. E. WINO. .Mechanicsburg. Ohio.

OORSETSAND
HEREFORDS

H.ARMSTRONG, • Lantz Mills, Va.

■WOODLAND'
FAR.M

DORSETS

We have an iinuxUMlly choice and sirone lot
or ^.jU.VU RAM-* and Hill spare a KKW
EWEs. inouttli we pan with Iheiu uuwiii-
lugly. Our deilihiol cusioiut-rs. ealihfled lus
toiuerH. in the .s„uiu are our wnrn.e^t ajv.i-
cales. (),ir I'orNeiMuakc- ns nioie lui.iiry and
give us more pJeasure lUan any other Btuck
we have ever bandUtl.

JOS. E. and WILL'S 0. WING. Me hanicsburg, Ohio.

Hftke udSaT»BurjrwlibM

rUA>>O.V.''VIJW A I

REPORTS.
U. S. Department of Agriculture, Wash-
ingtoD, 1). C. Report of the Secre-
tary of Agriculture, lt>02.
Dureau of Animal industry. Circular
3:*. Foot and Mouth Disease Warn-
ing to all Owners of Cattle, Sheep

and Swiue.
Bureau of Chemiitry. Bulletin No. 70.
M.<nufacture of Table Syrups from
.Sujrar Cine.
Office of Experiment Stations. Circu-
lar 48. What the Deiiartment of
Agriculture is Doing for Irrigation.
Cilice of Experiment Slationg. Exp>eri-
meut Station Record, Vol. XIV, >"os.
3 and 4.
Farmers' EuUetin Xo. 161. Practical
Suggestions for Fruit Growers.
Arizona Experiment Station, Tuczon,
Ari. Bulletin 4-3. Timely Hints for
F.irmers.
Coloiado Experiment .Station, Fort Col-
lin?, Col. Bulletin 74. Swine Feed-
ing in Colorado.
Balletin 75. I.Amb Feeding Experi-
ments, 1900-02.
Bulletin 7G. Feeding B»et Palp to
Lambs.
Louis'ana Experiment Station, Baton
Rouge, l.a. Bnlietin 65. Analyses
of Commercial rVrtilizers.
Bulletin Oil. Sugar Cans Experiments

in Cultivation.
BuUelin 07. Broom Corn— How to

Grow and Cuie it.
Bulletin K. Home-grown vs. Pur-
chased Seed.
Bulletin G9. Pecans.
Bulletin 70. Cine Borer.
Bulletin 71. North Louisiana Experi-
ment Station. Ilvport for 1901.
Maryland Agricultural College, College
Park, Md. College Qiarterly, No-
vember, 1902. Short Winter Courses
in Agriculture and Dairying.
Maryland Experiment Station, College
Park, Md Bulletin S'i Ttie Influ-
ence of Pn-i-ervjtLves Upon the Food
Value of Mdk.
Nebraska Exp>riment Station. Lincoln,
Neb. Bulletin 75. Fee.fing Expen-
ineuts wall CUtlle and I'lgs.
New Hampshire Experiment Station,
Durham, N. H. Technical Bulletin
No. 4. Effect of Acetyline Gaslight
on Plant Growth.
New York Experiment Station, Geneva,
N. Y. A Method of Combating
Rusty .Spot in Cheese.
Bulletin 2lti. Report of Analyses of
Commenidl Fertilizers.
Rhode Island Ex(>eriment Station, King-
ston, R. I. Bulletin 87. Fowl Ty
phoid.

Bulletin 88. The Forests of Rhode

Island.
Bulletin 89. Commercial Fertilizers.
University of Tennessee, Knox vi lie,
Tenn. University Record, Agricul-
tural Ynar-book. '
Wyoming Experiment Station, Laramie,
Wyo. Bulletin 5o. The Birds of
Wyoming.

POTATOES

$2.50 ;

a., (.lam I

on-rraofSrctl Potatoealn .\nierl

il .^cir \ ort. r- rlve»»«l«ir« i:

lr> »>le-l<l or T^fbo. per«. Prirr* '

.Mi>n>B>othTrdbook>iid»nplr«r1

Kcllr, Alai-aroBl V. heat.«8ka. prr

loTer, f: .1-. a r- , - •. ct I«c t^.>t..,.

ALZERSEEDCO. l.«Cro..e. WK ,

STRAWBERRY PLANTS

Now ready forehlptrent: Lady Thorapson.

Exrelvtor. Klondvke. Jiihosons'

MicbelB Early at C per 1.000.

.\xoiiia, Bubacb. Gandr and BraDdywlnet2

1.000. Ca>h wnli order.

Send fir New Caalogne of 40 varieties.

H. LIOHTFOOT, Chattanooga, Tenn.

l.OOO.OOO
CABBAGE PLANTS For Sale

Varieties: C'harl'ston 'Wakefield. Brill'e
Early rial Dutch. Hrice. cash ^.o b. Charles-
ton. ll.:S per 1.000 tl 00 per 1,000 above 5,000.

ALSO 500.000
6IA.\T ARGENTKLIL ASPARAGrS ROOTS.

1 and 2 years old. grown exclusively from
iBiniried leeds, at S5 00per 1 OOO
ALFRED JOl ANNET. Mount Pieasint, S. C.

Law and Collection Issociation,

Established 18&4. Claims collected
in all parta of the United States.
No collection — no charge.

r. 0. Box hO'i. 905 ■,' East Main Str««t,
RirHXONn. VIRGINIA.

GREENSBORO. N.C.

Certtie treit^eM of THE LIOUOR. O^IIM. MORPHINE wi4
itr,er Dr.g Addictions. Thf ToDDacc* Habrt. Heni ExhauttiM

COLLIE PUPS!

By prit»- winning Imported lirM and trailed
dami. Eligible, fil for l>«nch. ranch or finm,
Pri**. 110. either avx. Alio a book on tb« care
asdirmlDlngoftbeCohlerorall pracUoal ntaa.
Price. 60e. Copy of book free lo parctuuer of
Oollle.

Stock Fmrm. •' .MAPLEO .NT ." AJkwj, Ver.

FOR. SJLJ^^:.

SEVERAL

HARRIER-BEAGLE PUPPIES,

8 loi'Ditis old. well bred, good lookei^. and

jast b.glnulng to bum. For partlcQ-

Urs, apply to

A.S.CRAVEN. Greenwood. VA.

Rigisfered l^fUlS^"

C Whites. Fine larK>-
straius. .\ll ages, mated
not *kln. 8 week. pigs.
Bred suwk. ."Service boars

and P.juUry. Wrllefor pr.cesanuireecircuiar.
F. H>MILT0^. Cochrauvllle, Chester Co.. Pa.

Telegraphy

Ea»y laltlOD.
Posiijons secured.
Free Catalogue.
T. C. TELEGRAPH Sk;HOOL, Dept. D, Uhrlchrllle, 0-

!»03.]

THE SOUTHEKN PLANTEE.

65

^h

FOR SALE.

1 to « yrs. old. Fine Jacks a
specialty. Write for
what you want.
W E. KN16HT Ji CO.,

Naihvllle.Tenn

riNE JACKS.

Mulfs are equal to Gold Dollars, from

" youth to old age." Several nice ones

and 2 very fine Jeunetts for sale. Buy

Jack now and get hlra ready for spring.

Write your wants to

L. L. THOHAS,
722 W. Campbell Ave., - Roanoke, Va.

150 Jacks, Jennets & Mules 150

Best assortment 1
ever owned Can
suit you exactly.
Write for descrip-
tion and pi ices.

Also will sell two
Percherou stallions
at close figures.
BAKER'S JACK FARM,

L-^wrence. Indiana.

KNIGHT & JETTON,

Breeders of and Dealers In

Jacks, Jannits,
Stallions.

Fine lacks A Specialty

Write for cat.
MURFREESBORO,
TcNN

JACKS.

Raise mules and
get rich. 200 lari-e
Black Spanish Jacks
for sale. 14 to 16
hands high. Good
ones and money
makers. Cheaper
now than later on.
Stock guaranteed.

Also some fine
large Jennys and
; Kiuleg.

Write for prices.

KtENLER'S JACK FARM, Wtst Elkltn. Prebia Co. 0.

70 EWES TO SELL, also I
REG. DORSET BUCK.

The ewes are native grade Merinos, and bred
to one of the finest registered Dorset bucks.
They are all in flue condition and perfectly
healthy, and none over three years old. Also
I Registered Dorset Buck, a very fine animal.
G. E. CON IW ELL, M. D , IRWIN, VA.

OAK RIDQE FARM

Oak Ridge, Nelson, Co., Va.
As Mr. T. F. Ryan wishes to make this a
stock farm with thoroughbred cattle to benefit
himself as well as afford a good opportunity
to all Virginians to Improve their stock. I
wish to say that we have

7 THOROUGHBRED

Red Poll Bull Calves

For saleat reasonable prices. Thelrages range
from 4 to U months old. Write or come and
see them.

AD. C. RUCKER. Sup't.

Mention th3 Southern Planter when
writing adTertisers.

Virginia (Hampton Institute), Hampton,
Va. Nature Study Leaflet, No. 7.
Beautifying School Houses and
Yards.

Virginia Weather Bureau, Richmond.Va.
Report for November, 1902.

AVest Virginia Experiment Station, Mor-
gantown.W.Va. Bulletin 83. Poultry
Experiments.

West Indian Bulletin. Bridgetown, Bar-
bados. Vol. Ill, No. 3.

West Indies. Agricultural News, Barba-
dos, November 22, 1902.

The Petaluma Incubator Co., of Petal-
uma, California, to keep pace with the
enormous growth of its business, has
within the last few weeks not only com-
pleted a large three-story brick building
a? an addition to its factory by which the
capacity has been more than doubled,
but has also opened a large store and
warehouse at 33 Market Street, San Fran-
cisco. The latter move was made to not
only aid in the sale of Incubators and
Brooders but to enable them to better
handle all the various lines of goods for
which they are Pacific Coast and Export
agents. Mr. L. C. Byce, President of the
Company, is accredited with having done
more to advance tl e poultry interest
than any man in the world, and whose
personal efforts has made Petaluma and
vicinity the greatest poultry raising sec-
tion in the United Siates.

The factory and main office at Petaluma
is in charge of Mr. Byce, Mr. R. C. Gray,
General Manager, Mr. H. R. Campbell,
Manager of Poultry Supply Department,
while the Eastern House at Indianapolis,
Ind., is directed by Mr. E. S. Coming, the
Vice-President, and Mr. C. H. Taft. Secre-
tary of the Company, is in charge of the
San Francisc ) business.

" PRINCE RDPERT" COMES TO

" ANNEFIELD " FARMS, BRIGGS

CLARKE COUNTY, VA.

Mr. Ed. Gay Butler, proprietor of the
above farms, has just purchased and
brought home the splendid Hereford
bull '• Prince Rupert." This bull has
for the past two years been at the lead
of the prize-winning herd of Mr. W. H.
Curtice, Eminence, Ky. While Mr. But-
ler paid a pretty long price for him, we
consider him fortunate in being able to
secure him for his splendid breeding es-
tablishment in the Valley of Virginia.
We hope to show a picture of him in our
next issue and also give an extended
pedigree and a record of his winnings.
Look up Mr. Butler's advertisements of
Berkshire and Herefords elsewhere in
this issue.

Cannon Snow & Co., of Quincy, 111., are
advertising with us this issue their book
of plans and instructions by which any
one who is handy with tools can build
an incubator of 200 egg capacity at a cost
of about $8.00. This is less than half the
usual price and includes their furnishing
the parts difficult to make, such as lamp,
regulator, etc.

Now is a good time to begin, as the
hatching season will soon be here. Write
for full particulars. Address as above.

DISPERSION SALE

SHORTHORNS

OWING to pressure of bu»
Iness engagementsin
other directions, which will
occupy me Tery cloaely for
some Time to come. I have
decided to disperse th« ELK
GARDEN HBRD of Short-
horn cattle, with the excep-
tion of two bulls and six or eight females. I
do not care to hold an auction sale and there-
fore propose to offer my cattle at private
treaty, either as whole or in lots to suit pur-
chaser ; prdferrint to cloie out to one buyer.

The herd now numbers about 90 bead, con-
sisting largely of straight Scotch families, such
as Duchess of Gloster, Rose of Strathallan,
Miss Ramsden, Mlna, Lavender and other
noted Scotch tribes. There are also some fine
Scotch-topped and double Scotch-topped cattle
founded on such valuable Bates-lopped fami-
lies as Young Mary, Reulck Rose of Sharon,
Kirklevingion Duchess, etc. My Scotch fami-
lies were the pick of Canada. Our younger
cattle are mainly the get of Knight of the
Thistle 108656, and cows now in calf to the pure
Scotch bull Blood Royal 16S876, a splendid
yearling of the Princess Royal tribe.

The cattle are in good breeding condition,
having been on grass without grain since
April.

H. C. STUART,

ELK GARDEN, - RUSSELL CO., VA.

£LLERSLIE FARM^^i.^
Thoroughbred Horses

AND SHORTHOKN CATTLE,

Pure Southdown Sheep
and Berkshire Pigs.

f oB 8.4LB. R. J. Hancock: & son,

Charlottbsvilli, Va.

EAST RIVER SIDE

SHORTHORNS.

Choice bull and heifer calves for sale.
Will make price very low for next 60
days.

JAMES F. CLEMMER, Snmmerdean, Va.

A POLLED DURHAM BULL Is the

Model Dchorner. A few choice bull
CALVES of this most popular breed

for sale.

L. HUMBERT, Charlottesville, Va.

FOR SALE at SlOeach,

Three pure-bred

ANQORA BUCKS

Price includes crating and delivery on

cars at Columbia, Va., C. & O. R. R.
A good flock of Angoras can be built
up by using pure bucks In cross-
ing with common does.

C. E. JONES, - Carysbrook, Va.

profitable. For larg« olr-
oolaraddrMa E. W. COLE & CO . Kenton, Ohlt.

56

THE SOUTHERN PLAITTBB.

[January

gERKSHIREg

A^NEFIELD HERD

Represents the

Finest Blood Lines

In bnglaad or America.

Stock (or sale at all times.

i

Correspondence Solicited.

Inspection Invited.

EDW. 0. BUTLER, Anoefield Farms.
Briggs, Clarke Co , Va.

^V.P.I.^

Farm Bulletin

We are off -ring some nice BERK-
SHIRE PIQS. Let us have your
orders early. Choice stock ; prompt
attention.

0. 0. NOURSE, Prof, of Agr.
Blaoksburg, Va.

POLAND-CHINAS

Cl08«ly related to sucli famous hogs as
Anderson's Molel, Model of 97 and
Hands Off. Pigs, boars, gilts and bred-
sows for salo. Also some good SHORT-
HOR>l bull calv.'SaDd SHROPSHIRE sheep.
Stock guaranteed a« represented or
monej refunded.
. F. DURRETT4. - Birdwood. Albemirlt Co.. Vs.

CHOICE Poland China

PIks. both sexes. .3 mos. old. not akin, for
sale, i-lrert by C IE« B ST ' son of "TEcti.M-
.siiH 2na" and "Mookish PEKFKcrioN 3rd,"
gianilhon of "Oh it f HKKFttTioN ^ua " fri>itt
'^Tecumsku Black L'. S." and "Fkee
Tkade" .Sows.

Reg. PFR HERON FILLY S yrs. old. In foal to
line bred b a.k Registered Brllliaul Stallion—
good size and .-lyle, yjod worker and sound.
THOS. R. SMITH, Lincoln, Loudon Va.

Large ENGLISH BERKSHIRES
M. B. TURKEYS Very Fins.

B. 1". R. Chicken Eggs in season.

HAWKSLEY STOCK FARH,

J. T. OLIVER, AIIen'8 Level, Va.

tyrsblres, Berkshires and Oxford-Downs.

Ayr* Ire calves of boih sexes, Hersshlrt

gigs and boai, and L'Oxf.jrd-Down Kjims For
I'e. MELRO E C !>TLE FAhM.

£MOS B. HEStj, Manager, Casanova, Va.

THE DAIRYMAN'S TRIUMPH.

The following is from an address de
livered by Mr. John Gould at the recent
meeting of the New York Dairyman's
Association :

The farmer of a century ago was a cy-
pher among the industries ; now he is
able to buy four times over, all the other
mduetries combine<i. Some s-ingle States
make butler enough in one year to buy
all the gold mined in the United States
in twelve months. The American farmer
owns 400,000.000 acres, divided into
5,700,000 deeded farms, not including
ranches valued at ?16 500.000.000. Hie
bnildingo are worth $4,000,000,000; ma
chinerv, $800,000 OO'i; live stock,
WOO.Ol O.OdO In 1900 he produced
$o.(H)0 000 000 worth of farm produce,
and has on deposit in savings and other
banks of the country $2,0u0,000,000, prac-
tically equal to the present money circu
lation of this country. On these 7,600,000
farms last year the farmer raised
91,(100,000 acres corn, worth $751,000,000 ;
40,001 ',000 acres wheat, worth $323,000,000,
while the gold and silver of the mills
only yielded $153,000,000 or $900,000,000
less than these two crops. The cotton
crop waa worth J4b5 OHO 000, and the to-
bacco crop far beyond $100(00.000. The
dairymen's income was $447,000 000 more
than the output of the g 'Id and silver
mines. Besides, there are 18,000,000 cows,
1.8,000,000 horses. 61,000,000 sheep
62,0001X10 hogs, 50,000,000 other stock
— one-fourth of all the domestic an
imals in the world. The wool clip
last year was 162,000 000 lbs.; cotton
made. 9,500 000 bales. (Jf our si rplns are
exported $844,00u,000 from the farms,
wt.ile from all other sources the exports
amounted to $556,000,000 ; in other words,
for every $100 we exported, 168 came
from the farms, making us a creditor na-
tion.

The farmer, in addition to feeding him-
self with every farm food indigenous to
the United Slates, eating 1,000,000 (jOO lb-
of butter and 540,000,000 lbs. of cheese,
sent to the various nations of the earth
$8,40 worth of farm produce for each liv-
ing inhabitant of the nation. Farming
from 1850 went forward with a bound.
Land values doubled ; villages sprang up ;
the whole land was covered with a net'
work of railways. It p it machinery into
every department of farm woik ; itmade
a net-work of telegraph wires overhead;
it sent the over-populated East 9ying to
oi-cupy the great praine lands of the
We^t; the " wild cat" currency and '• red
dog" banks were driven into oblivion,
and currency was made forever safe and
good. This revolutionization had a be-
neficent effect on the dairyman who has
backed in its golden sunshine ever since.
His $10 to $15 cow became worth $25 and
$30; liis 3Jc. cheese — sold now green
weight— for 5 and 6 cents cash — no more
store pay— and he was placed in the way
of invention, improvement and progress.
Science and lilerature came to his aid, as
did most profound and wise investigators
and chemists. What was this force, this
influence and expamlini; power? The
diwovery of gold in California. In the
five yearj from 1849 that new province
turned into the cofiers of this land more

FINE STOCK AT A BARGAIN.

One eight yearoH brown raare. Hackney and

TrottercroBs, fine drive-, gentle handBomB

and stylish, very fastt Welsht, 1 200 lbs.

Price. $17.5. Worth double that monej on

any city inarkCL
One fine, re,r. Aberdeen-.^ ngus bull calf, six

monihsold. ver^ finely bred.
Vine head beautiful, reg. .\rgora QoaU; On*

Buck; Price, saO Six D<ie«: Price, 112 each.

Two Buck Kids; Price, 110 each. Lamp

price of nine goats, 1100.
Two One. reg. Dorset Ewe lambs, abont 1 yr.

old. Price, SIO. each.
One Sclenilflc Grinding Mill, nearly new,

made bv Foos Manufacturing Co., Spring

field. O." Price. »2i.

Address W. M. WATKIN5 t SONS,
Cottage Valley Stock Farm,

Randolph, Charione Co , Va.

ABERDEEN-ANGUS

Bull calves, $40 'oJ60. heifers 5 to7mo8. old, f75.
Limited quantity

NEW SIBERIAN MILLET

Seed at $1 50 per bup.; tbU millet will prod ace
•i crop of seed aud h fair quality of hay at the
•«me time. It lefuUy two weeks earlier than
he GerraKD millet, «"'f fluer qual.ty, but wUJ
not yield quite as much.

C E, JONES, Carysbrook, Va.

ANGUS BULL CALVES

Registered and uoiec rded. Slock firsts
clas8, and breeding the best.

SHROPSHIRE SHEEP

First class yearling rams, ai'd ewes of
all ages. Several FL>E FARMS for sale.

WARREN RICE, ■ Winchester, Va.

FOR S.A.IL.E:!

One Young % Guernsev
Bull.

^ge2Vi years. G^nIle; in good condition; a
flue animal : weight about UOO lbs.
Also, o\er

20 EWES

From One to Thr
Years Old,

iTom my two Registered Southdown Rams,
White Kniflit. No. ;iti.>l. and Z>-b. \ ance, No.
l-'LW. and m,e flue LOhSET PWE, • o
7883, RECO - DED. «nd a lew TROSS DOR-
SET and SoLTHlJoWN EWES, from my
Registered l)o ►et Ram. No. 8066. For prices,
particulars, eic, address, eucloting stamp,

L. G. JONtS Bethania, N. C.

Large English Berkshire Hogs,
Barred Plymouth Rock Chickens

BEN. BOLT, 60TJ7, 410 lbs. as a yearling at
head of herd. «»-EGiJS IN SE.^suN.

JOHN P. FOSTER, Nocreek, Ohio Co., Ky.

1903.]

THE SOTJTHEEN PLANTER

57

X>00<>00<>00<>00<>^0<>00<I>00<X><>00<>00<>00<>00<>OC<K

HEREFORD CAHLE I

5 ANNEFIELD HERD OF REGISTERED ANIMALS O

HEADED BY

X Prince Rupert, No. 79539 x

X Winner of the Grand Sweepstakes at Kansas City, igoi. Sired by the famous herd if
A bull Beau Donald, No 58996. Grandsire Beau Brummel, No 51817. X

y^ The herd is rich m " ANXIETY " blood, the most desirable and sought O
X after breeding to-day. Stock for sale at all times. Inspection ]f

X invited. Correspondence solicited. X

I EDWARD G.BUTLER, Annefield/Briggs, Clarke Co., Va. |

X>OO<>OO<>OO<>OO<>OO<>OO<!XX>OO0OOOOO<>OO<>OC<>OO<K

• F/LSrO/V FARM. •

SECOND LARQEST

JERSEY HERD

IN AMERICA. FOUNDED 1882.

BULL C«LVES and for the first lime. Heifers
bred to Impoited Onlrteu Peter, and Heifer
Calves and a few aged Cows.

BERKSHIRES. all ages, sired by Imported
Storm Klnsr, or Iinportfd Esau 2nd, 8l»e.
good shape ^tnd large litters.

Visitors welcome. Address for Book of The
Farm, or prices

E. M GILLET, Clerk, Glencoc, Md.
ASAB GARDINER, Jr., Manager

Swift Creek Stock and Dairy Farm

Has for sale a large num
ber of nice young regis
tered A. J. C. C.

JERSEY BULLS
AND HEIFERS.

None iitiu-i Urea lu the South. Comhinlni
clo>"eIv the mo»t noted and up-to-dnte blooc
In Arnerlca. Bulls 10 to 12 months old. fiSOO
Heifers, same age, SSn.OO. POL.\Nt>-CHlNA
PIO.S, 15.00 each. Send check and get what
yoo want.

T. P BRaSWELL, Prop., Battleboro. N. C.

FOR SALE— Special Bargain in

Reg. HOlSTEIN-fniESIlN BULL.

To avoid In-breedlhi;. I will sell Lord
Fitch, No. 22ti8.5, H. F. H. B.
W.W.HARPER, - ORANGE, VA.

than $270,000.0(10 in gold, and on its
strength the nation took on a new lease
of life. From that day we ceased to be a
people of barter and exchange, and be-
came otie of cash on delivery. It was the
dairyman's first triumph ! After 18.52 (he
dairy became an industry ; hefore, it was
a strui/gle. Eveu in the fierce war of '61
came the cheese factory. Hardly a State
to-day but has its Dairy Associa ion, and
the best -"tatistics place the number of
milch cows at 18,500,OiiO, the income from
these dairies being approximately
J60il,000,0' 0— double that of any other
farm indiiptry.

The dairyman and his brother farmer
have po88e^'sed the land of this country
and covered it with their flocks and herds
and increased the prodiic-ng power of the
soil four-fold, so that while in 1850 they
had only $.500,000,000 worth of live stock,
in 19 Othey were valued at S4 000,000,000.
This has forced the semi-dairy farmer to
market purplu» abroad, "o that last year
of our surplus we supplied nearly 30 | er
cent, of the meat and 18 per cent, of the
grain Europe consumed outside of Russia.
Dairying has become a science and
art Not a prac ice of 50 vears ago now
exists in the dairy, pave hand milking.
Four distinct lines of dairy Vireeda have
been made prominent in our dairvine.
while 10 000 dairymen have mixed all the
breeds together and produced tbe ijenerHl
purpose cow, whose purpose i" to eat all
she can lay lip to and give in return as
little, aside from \ er company, as possi-
ble.

It ia compated that we are now pro-

READERS

OF THE

PLANTER

In want o) a PIANO will find it to their
Inierest to write to us. Weassure thera
there is such a thius; as buying an
honestly made Instrument at a mode
rale price.

We make COSH and TIME SALES,

an 1 are willing t<> take pail payment
iu St. ck and ear" Products.

Write and state your wishes.

F. W. WALTER & SON,

STAUNTON, VA.

FOR SALE,

JERSEY BULL.

A. J. C. C. Emperor Nero, No. 54171,

LEGHORNS, White, S, C. Brown, R. O.
Brown.

WYANDOTTE COCKERELS. Price,

SI W) per uead, three lor 1(2 M.
Address
J. B IT-'NSON Clover Htll Farm. Wanas'MS V->,

RUPTURE

CUKE I

<hi

are, no pay. ALEX SPKIKS. Box »4I

Mention the ■^(juIIihil i'kniltr vtlit:n cor-
responding with advertisers.

68

THE SOUTHERN PLAlTrBB.

[January

m

BILTMORE FARMS,

Poultry Yards Department.

BILTMORE,
N. C.

More than 50 matings of prize-winning standard birds from which we will ship a certain number
of sittings. WRITE FOR SPECIAL EGG CIRCULAR.

\ Plymouth Rocks. Light Brahmas, Buff Cochins, >

\ While and Barred. p

> Wyandottes, Black Langshans, Pekin Ducks, <

\ Golden, ijilver aod While. x

(Leghorns, Black Minorcas, Cor'sh Indian Games ?

i S.C.Wlilteand Brownand 11. C. White c

\ Toulouse Geese, M- Bronze Turkeys, W. Holland Turkeys. ^

MTE, A^FtE, FOR. 1303

On a larger scale than ever. Sending out better birds at more reasonable prices"

More than ever anxious to please customers.

OUR YEARLY SALES for the last three years have nearly doubled themselves each year over that of the preceding year.

jilM' I ti'iiitl III iH.|i|lM I Hafy^'aB^a^Ppqg:^a)^ftT-g-';^->f='=fpi'ljY , tiiu|i|| (\ iLiTll ]i|"ii_i^f f i" M'lil

BILTMORE FARMS, - Biltmore, N,C.

Headquarters for GOUDEN LAD JERSEYS,

Also get of TREVARTH and GEN. MARIGOLD. J^ J^ J^

GOLDEN LAD'S SUCCESSOR, First and sweepstakes OTer all at the Pan-American Exposition, the
champion JERSEY BULL OF AMERICA, and out of Golden Ora, our great prize-winning cow, both
bom and developed on these Farms, is among our service bulls.

Biltmore Jerseys are a combination of large and persistent milking qualities with an individoality
that wins in the show ring.

SPECIAL TY. Write for descriptive circular of the beet lot of young bull calvee ever offered, both for breed-
ing and individuality. They are by noted sires and oat of large and tested selected dams. Many of the«e
calves are fit to show and win in any company.

> >

BILTMORE POULTRY YARDS.

J- >

SPECIALTY. Write for descriptive circular of eggs from our prize- winning pens. Over 50 yards to select
from, made up of the winners at the leading shows for the last two seasons. If you want winners yon
must breed from winners.

Headquarters for the best IMPORTED ENGLISH BERKSHIRES.

APPLY TO BILTMORE FARMS, BILTMORE. N. C.

Ijt3.] THE SOTJTHBEN PLAMTBB. 59

Third Annual Brood Sow Sale,

FEBRUARY 3, 1903-

The demand for Biltmore Berkshirea during the last year has made it almost impossible to reserve a lufBcient num-
ber of high class individuals to make up a sale list. Therefore we decided rather than disappoint the many breeders that
yearly select foundation stock and out-crosses from these oflferings, to make a special importation for this sale.

This IMPORTATION represented nearly a month hunt over the whole of England, and we would willingly retain
the larger part of the sows, but realize that this is impossible without hurting the sale.

All are choicely bred and guaranteed safe in pig ; and moreover, this will probably be the last chance to select
from BO many Imported animals, as we hope next year to confine the sale to sows of our own breeding.

The entire importation of 65 head will be sold without reserve.

They are the tops representing our first choice from the most successful

English breeders.

English Live Stock Papers say ''this is the choicest, largest and most
costly purchase of Berkshires that has ever left England."

All guaranteed safe in pig to such great boars as Loyal Berks, The Duke
Imported, Royal Carlisle (First Prize at the Enghsh Royal Show),

Manor Faithful, etc.

Every Sow either sired by, out of, or a producer of WINNERS.

Take a Winter Tourist's Ticket at lys fare [for the round trip, to Asheville. Money refunded to all
purchasers of $125.00 worth of stock or more. If you cannot come send a mail bid to the Farms, or write
for Mr. W. R. Harvey, one of the most noted expert judges of America, who will be present in person,
to select you, in his opinion, one of the best bargains of the sale within a certain limit.

CATALOGUES OUT SHORTLY AFTER JANUARY 1st.

60

TfiS BOTTTBERN PLAKTEB.

[January

dacing 1,400,< OO.i 00 lb. of butter annual
Iv- anil about 50<i.O OOdO lb. of chfe?e. in
a'd.ntion to the milk tiailf, anH are ex-
Dortins i.iailii-allv n thine, while even
in 188Uwe sent ai'.roa.l 127,0iV10OO lb ..f
ohet-se and -lO.iiOo.iKK) lb. of liutter. 'Why
thie change? Be<-ause. with e<1ucation
and skill, with colli Morage and better
waT8 of bandlinp, we are now makine
our butter and cheese so muc'i finer that
we are coiisummir it at home and eavine
freight and i-onimi-fion. It is safe to
predict that we shall soon be importing
no inconsiderable proportion of the but-
ter and cheese we consume. At present,
no market in Europe can pay Jamestown
prices for these commodities

To the daiivman, new influences out-
side of the dai'ry are coming to help him
and make his country 1 fe one of higher
attainments. The dairying of the whole
country is in a rapid ttate of tiansition,
not only in labor but in protit. The dairy
man has now rural mail delivery, the tel-
ephone, the troUev; »n<l, better and grand-
er than all. with far wider- reaching influ-
ences, is the centralized counry school,
that gives the dairyman's boy and g il
the best English etlucation at their own
homes and associated with home and
rural influences— the verv thing which
makes for national morality and loyal
citizenship, the stability that shifta the
balance in our oft rocking "hip of State,
and again puts her on her course with
level keel.

VERIFIES THE CL.\IM.
WYTnEviLLE,V.\ , Feb. I, 1902.
Newton's H^ave and Distemper Cure is
the best mwlicine I ever had in my sta
ble. It doe- exactly what you claim.
Others here say the same thing.
Yours respectfully,

M. M. Sltherland,

Dealer in Horses.

GRIXD YOUR FEED.
We need not urge upon our readers
again the importance of grinding f. ed
for live stock. All farmers recognize its
economy. We do want to urge, how-
ever, the importan''e of getting a good
grinder of your own, an t desire to call
esvx-cial attention to tiie offer of G. M.
Ditto, of J'liiet, III, to send one of his
triple geared, i>all hearing grinders to any
resjM)iii-ible farmer on approval You can
try il before you buy it. The Ditto .Mill
is well and favora' ly known throughout
the country, and we believe our reailers
will be interested in the attractive lite-
rature Mr. Ditto sen Is out.

PRIZE WINNINGS

AT RICHMOND SHOW 1902

I received Isi on pen. 1st un lien, l.-i and

2o(l "Il pnlleu-. 3r(l on om kt rel.

Chol-e lookerelH. S-J Ui ^'l Hens and pulleig,

t2tolo. W.lie iiie.Miur Wiini-. I can please

you Eggs $2 per 15 in seafcon.

C 6 M. FINK. 1409 W. Leigh St , Rlcxmond.Va.

WE PiY S2o i WEEK ^, ^f,rm,Tod"i

• Hi liltrVI k I'akl toccilleciiind snllclt near
$Z4 nttKLl tioine. BUlLUCK S LEGAL
bU-.EAU, Indlanapsll*, Inl.

THIS CHECK

and several sm&ller ones

I received the past season
for Stra^v berries (not
plantsV That was because
I have only the best. It
pays to get the best. I
but the best. I can't afford to

cost of plants is comparatively a small
none too good. 1 will send my beauti-
fully illustrated catalogue with lithographed covers of
^ High Gnde Strawberry Plants by reram mailfortwo 2c
"X stamps. If interested send to-day. This will not appear
again. Address,

W. F. ALLEN. Salisbury. Md.

SUNNY HOME HERD OF

ABERDEEN-ANGUS CATTLE.

S/f?eS IN SERVICE

EULALIES LADDIE 41861 assisted by BARON ROSEBERRY,
The WESTERTOWN ROSE sun of U.aY BLACKBIRD (the sire of Qay Lad).

Most of the leading families of the breeil — Coquett Queen Mother, Westertown
Rose, Rose of .Adno. Ni'segay, Violets etc , — sired by fuch no'ed buils >b Gay Black-
bird, Ermoor 18171, bv Koval Eiie; Eulalies Erie 15568, bv Heather Lad 2nd; Bean
Bill lS6i7; Baron lea 20184: Dirk Prince 'Ott^S.

Quality combined with best of breeding, our motto.
No fancy prices, but business cattle at business prices.
Write for what you want.

■ A. L. FRENCH, Proprietor. Fitzgerald. N, O.

Kockingham Co., 24 miles south-west of Danville, Va.. on D. A W. Ry.

jt

CLEN ALLEN HERD OF

..ABERDEEN-ANGUS CATTLE..

Headed by ALLENHURST KING IV 4ri99,

Assisted by VICTOR G., No. 3r693.

I am now offering for sale a few choice young balls of serviceable age, at a
bargain. Any one wanting bulls from prize winning families at a moderate
price, will save time and money by calling on or addressing

GLEN ALLEN STOCK FARM, W. P. ALLEN, Prop., Walnut Hill, Va.

Farmers Mutual Benefit Association

A Fire Insurance Association, chartered by the State for the farmers
of Virginia, under an amended and well protected plan.

Insures, against hire and Lightning, only countir property — no stores or nnsaff-
"-iska. Average cost per year for three years has been |3.63| per $1000, inclndinf
Iwellings, bams, produce, ic., — about one-third the usual cost of insurance tt-
farmers. Amount of property insured $325,0ci0. Estimated security in real and
other estat*, $60(1,000.

For fvirther information, address, CHAS N FRIEND, Genera Accn t

vtmnriom tmib joumm*!.. CHBSTmi9. VIROIMIA

^-'^^ Radish.

can he forced |
:&cs or frames »ith«
ng pithy, and is reinvkal>Jyprodu<

atiish for every

King — =- ■_■ •

iid. Colux rich scarlet-

The Ide&l Radish for either Gardener or Amateur.

■r :l.i>il,< ><ir<l < irijiulaiipe. Alii>tik I'ras. VulenUne
nil:-. l.ruJu. l'cn>. I'iilil iinil (.iinlcn Srtil. Bulbustid Pliinta.

li;. J. Bolgiano a Son. Dtpi, P 5, Baltimore, Md

1903.]

THE SOUTHBEN PLANTBE.

61

Look for the full name IRON ACE ^^^^^^^ o" *he too!

Don't be imposed upon liv dealers selling implements made in iniitatk.ii oi tbe famous Iron Agi
All the IROJ* AGE tools i»re SIARKEU WITH THE FUJL.I. NAME. Thi- name is lor your prot
It is a guarantee of best materials, best ideas, best workmanship, and all tlie merits that hav
Iron Age tools popular with three generations of farmers and gardeners. Write for a FREE
of tbe SiEW IRON AGE BOOK, telling all about these marvelous labor savers, and giving prie
on Cultivators. Horse Hoes, Seed Drills, Wheel Hoes, Riding Cultivators, the Improved-Kobbins
Potato Planter, &c.

BATEMAK MFG. CO., Box 167, Grenloch, N. J.

BDOKS AND PAMPHLETS.

A B C of Bee Culture. A Cyclopaedia
of Everything Per'ainicg to the Care of
the Honey Bee. By A. i. Root, fievised
by E, R. Root.

We have lately received the 1903 edi-
tion of the A B C of Bee Culture, an illus-
trated enclopedia devoted entirely to thp
subject of beea. To all who are interest
ed, or those who want to know ni<-Te
about bees, we are sure that this boo
will be a real help, and we are glad to re-
commend it as being many times worth
its cost. Pric •, $1.20, postpaid. It can be
obtained from the publishers, The A. I.
Root Co., Medina, Ohio, or we can supply
it at the publisher's price.

Ginseng. Its cultivation, harvesting,
marketing and market value, with a
short account of its hist iry and botany.
Revised, greatly enlarged and brought
down to date. Illustrated, 144 pages, f)x7
inches. Clot'. Price, postpaid 50 cents.
Orange Judd Company, New York.

The impetus given to the American
Ginseng industry, through the ai pnar-
ance of the first edition of the book, has
been almost phenomenal. Ginsenii grow-
ing hat made such rapid strides and the
demand for information has increased so
greatly that a second and extended edi- {
tion has become necessary. The informa-
tion contained in the present volume,
which 18 nearly three times as large as
the first, has been culled from a larg»-
mass of material and is, decidedly, the
best that has appeared since ginseng cul- |
ture first attracted attention in America
Every deail bearinsj upon successful gin
seng growing 18 fully and minutely elab
orated ; and the author is confident ihat
ginseng culture will sirow in proportion
to the application of intelligence to it.
To any one intending to embark into this
industry this book must prove invalua
ble. We can supply the book at the
publisher's price.

Coffee Planting, a short treatise com- I
piled with special reference to the condi
tions of culture in Cuba and Porto Ri( o.
By Joseph Hillman. Puhllfiht-d by Wm. ]
S. Myers, Director Chilian Nitrate Propa-
ganda (nitrate of soda), 12 John street,
New York.

Mention the Southern Plamier when cor- {
responding with advertisers. \

S/R JOHN BULL'S R/GS.

All testify to his prepotency, nor is

UNGLE SAM.

Unlike him In strong points of transmission or reproduction

Every pig I ship has individual merit, aside
from the purest Englis*i strain of LARGE
BKRKSHIRES that I could import from
the most famous breeder in EngUnd

LET HE HAVE YOUR ORDERS

PROnPTLY FOR FALL SHIPHEiNT,

at Farmers* Prices

HUNTING DOQS and PUPS FOR SALE.
TUOS. S. WHITE, Fassiferu iStock Farm, Lexiugton, ^h.

POLAND-
CHIBIAS.

TecuMSEH G. 49283.

Have sold out all pigs on hand and am now booking orders for pigs
from my spring litters. Have a limited number of YOUNG SOWS
in pig FOR SALE. Address

J. B. GRAY, FREDERICKSBURG. VA.

FOR SALE— Three Finely Bred

V%. ■%/%^%/*/%^ ■%'%^%'%'%^ ■<

BERKSHIRE BOAR

PIGS ; ready the latter part of January.

FOREST HOME FARM, Purccllvillc, Va.

62

THE SOUTHERN PLANTER

[January

NO POETRY IN CATTLE BUSINESS.

"The cattle busineFS does not offer op-
portunities for poetry now," said a sun-
Dumed Westerner to' his Wall St. friend
the other day. The two men were taking
luncheon together at a downtown restau-
rant, and as the waiter spread the cloth
the city man remarked :

"What could a poet ever do out in your
wild West, except be a tenderfoot and an
easy mark, as we say now adays?"

"Well, what I meant was that ranch
ing is not such a romantic and picturesque
business now as some writers paint it,"
was the reply. ''There was a time, be-
fore I was baldheaded, about thirty years
ago, or perhaps less, when the cattlemen
had no fences to their pasture grounds.
They simply branded their cattle, and
once a year they went out and rounded
them up. Each man then singled out the
cattle of his mark, and then came a long
drive to the railroad. These early ranch-
ers thought that they owned the prairies
by divine right.

"About fifteen years ago a change came.
Hundreds of thousands of emigrants
came pouring in, the great majority of
whom were from Scandinavian countries.
The opening up of the Indian lands of
Oklahoma and its division into smaller
farms took away many a hundred square
mile from the old pasture lands. At the

E resent time a cattle-raiser must fence in
is property, own it or lease it, and by
irrigation get as much vegetation out of
it as possible. His cattle are carried
away from his barns b5' express trains, in
refrigerating cars, and everything is sys-
tematized as in a department store."

"Well, I shouldn't think a poet could
get very fervid over refrigerated beef," was
tne answer, as the Wall St. man drank a
glass of iced spring water.

underground:;water.

In the Eastern part of the country the
value and extent of underground waters
are illustrated oy the enormous quantity
used in the city of Savannah, Ga. In
1888, the entire' supply of the city was
drawn from wells yielding 5,850,000 gal-
lons a dav, a total for the year of
2,13.5,842 000 gallons. In the course of
time, this supply somewhat diminished,
and it was suspected that the flow was
obstructed in its entrance to the wells.
The pipes were accordingly flushed by
forcing into them water under bigh pres-
sure, and the flow was markedly im-
proved.

The"study of underground water in its
relation to the effective water supply of
the country is one of the most important
departments of the work of the United
States Geological Survey. It is carried on
in the arid regions, where water for irri-
gation is of the greatest value; in the
Middle West, where grazing and success
fnl farming largely depend on it, and in
the East, where an unpolluted supply for
domestic and municipal use is yearly be-
coming a more serious problem.

One of the greatest triumphs for an
ambitions young man is to learn to be
contented, to be satisfied with doing a
good honest day's work ; to be contented
to live humbly, if necessary, while his
neighbors roll m wealth. — StuxeM.

TWO CROP ESSENTIALS

are cultivation and keepiner down weeds.
M-'pe important than tieep cultivatiuu is
kt't-pinj? the surface stirrea, breafcin^ the
LTustdue to rains, and allowiu^ the lijjht,
air. moisture and warmth to penetrate
quickly to the roots of the prowinp plant.
I For do'ins just these things the ideal imple-
ment is the

Adjustable Weeder
and Shallow Cultivatop.

It kii'.< tlie weeds at tirst .■ihowiDK. the top soil is pulverized and kept mellow, the plant
roots are u .t disturbed and the moist soil is not brought up to dry in the sun. Adjustable
in width. Narrows to 30 Inches, widens to 754 'eet. StrouB, runs steady, no cumbersome
sliafts. Furnished either with round teeth or with flat to suit different soils, as we are
licensed by the Hallock Weeder Conipunv to use their famous flat teeth. Weeder booklet
mailed free We also make lust vies Corn Planters, li styles Cultivators.SO styles Com Shel-
lers, hand and power. Harrows, Field Rollers, Feed Cutters, etc. Write tor catalogue C.

KEYSTONE FARM MACHINE CO.,- 1554 N. Beaver St., York, Pa.

KEYSTONE

A Perfect Weeder

in all soils, under all conditious. The all important feature of tlexibihty
of teeth is near perfection in the YORK IMPROVED.

Made of square sprin^steel with round points, an>isetstaff-
pered in stronpr bat flexible ong^e Fteel frame. Wide clearance, no
oloirelnff. teeth t«o utrone to break. Multiplies producing qualities
of soil and does not whip or bruise grnwinff plant. Adjustable
handles and shafts. Write for free descriptive cirouiar.

Spangler Manufacturing Co., 501 Queeo Sheet, York, Pi.

CISMONT DORSETS..

CISMOST STOCK FARM offers well developed young
Dorsete of the beat blood of England and America.

Prices reasonable.

G. S. LINDENKOHL, Kaswick. Albemarle Co., Vi.

«C^23ei^t>««^220«4^S20]^D'^eai^<

HOI.STEINS THAT PAY.

Purchapers are olTered (^elections from our herd, both male and female ;
our C0W8 are of the leading strain?, including De Kols, Pauline Pauls, Mech-
thildes Hengervelds, Nether andg. Aggies, etc., etc. They are 11 well bred
and milking from 40 to ti"> lbs. per dav. Herd headed by Dry ALWINA
Count Paul De Kol and DeKol 29 Butter Boy 3rd No 2.

THOS. FASSITT & SONS, Ury Stock Farm, Sylmar, Md,

190S.]

THE SOUTHERN PLANTER

63

^^^^^V^^^^V^^^^^^^^»^X>^A^»V»^^^^^»X

THE BUGHER & GIBBS PLOW CO.,

^^^vou,,, EpiAL- C A-WTOKT, OHIO.

,. THE iWLiKTHEWORU) '

""«iST*''^*"°^°'"^°"''^ MANUFACTURE A FULL LINE OF

PLOWS in all sizes; SPIKE-TOOTH, SPRING-
TOOTH and DISC HARROWS; ONE-HORSE
CULTIVATORS, and LAND ROLLERS.

OHIO. V

This popular Plow is

made strong and durable.
Gives satisfaction to the
farmer.
Our full line of goods for
sale by

XH£: IlMCPI.E:iM[EN"r coi^pji\.ny,

Catalogue Free. General Ascents, I302-I304 E. Main St., RICHMOND, VA

..THE..

Cardwell Machine Co.,

Cary and ipth Sts., l^ichmondj Va„

. . MANUFA CTURERS..

AGRICULTURAL IMPLEMENTS

AND MACHINERY.

THRESHERS. HORSE POWERS, CORN PLANTERS, CORN
SHELLERS, SMITH WELL FIXTURES, GENUINE
SMITH STRAW CUTTERS, PEANUT MA-
CHINERY, BALING- PRESSES.

Tobacco Machinery, Trucks, Screws, Elevators, Hand and Power, for
Stores, Factories and Wareliouses.

Successors to J W. CARDWELL & CO. and H. M. SMITH & CO.

64

THE SOUTHERN PLAITrBB.

[January

WHAT WOMEN CAN DO FOR THE
PUBLIC SCHOOLS.

You can first visit the school and see
that the house is dean before the feesion
opens ; that there ate enough seats au<l
books, or nails, for hatn, wiaps and lunch
(•a^kels; that there are a pail for water,
drinking vtssels, basin, towels and soap ;
that thi^ yard is clean, and s-oine 8hrul)B
and trees planted, with vines to screen
out-iUiliiiii(!S. If the yard is muddy, anil
especially if it be the rt-d mud, tie mre to
have a walk made, and a few boards will
help a great deal. PUce on the walls one
or more good pictures. Copies of the
world's niaster pieces can be had for a
penny each, and large pictures for from
five to twenty five cents each. But do
not dfgrade the -rchool-room by filling it
with trash : better a perfectly bare room
than one filled with tawdry decorations
covered with dust Start a hbrary.

I have been in many comfortable
homes where the only hooks were a
few old school-books, the Bible, and the
Almanac, and it is no wonder that we
have suffered at ihe hands of the
hictorians when this is true. Help the
teacher by aiding in and arranging for
social evenings and ntertainmentsa' the
school houce. Vi-it the school and inter-
est others in d' ing so. The women of the
State can do for the school-houses a work
similar to that which they have done for
every clun-h, and the hopes of all good
women will be realized just in proportion
to the rational development and the
feteady progress of the civilizing work of
churches and schools. - jlfr.*. C. 1). Mrletr
in an Arldrers in A'ortli Carolina Federation
of Women'! Hubs.

LATEST GOVERNMENT MAPS OF
NORTH CAROLINA.
Two excellent maps of portions of
North Carolina have rt-cently i-ome from
the press of the United States Geoli gical
Survey. One of them, that of the Wil-
1 amston quadrangle, shows a section of
Bertie, Martin and Pitt lountiesand that
P' rtion of Roanoke Valley between Ham
ilton and VVilliams-on. The other, that
of Ihe Cranberry quadrangle, shows the
extreme northwestern portion of the State
in the heart of the Blue Ridgf, ai d in-
cludes pirtioneof .Mitchell, C.Mwell, Wa-
tautia, Ashe and Wilkes counties, N. C,
and of Carter and Johnson counties, Tenn.
Orandfaiber Mountain, with an elevation
of 5,'.iGt feet, is the highest represented
on tl e sheet, but many others are seen to
reacii the 5,i'i Ofool elevation.

Both these mans areunusually accurate
in derail, fhowing all roads and trail- anrl
even indicating the locations of dwellings
in the country dihtiict.4. 1 hey employ
contours, or lines of erpial elevation, to
indicate the topography, which g ves
vivid impressions of the shapes and
elopes of bills and mountninp, and espe
cially in the Cranberry (juadrangle.

IVNOVATION.

It was Communion Sunday in a church
where little Dorothy had never before
attended. On the way home she said to
her mother:

"Well, mamma, that is the first church
I ever was in where they served refresh-
ments."—/anuari/ LippincoU'i Magazine.

W'

ORDEF^ EARi:>"

wanttneet !

e bncgy i

, "BLoulilsund fof'ibe mamoiotli c.ualOk'u

SPLIT HICKORY VEHICLES

will tell you ^■boutour HJO eic]u«iv8 alyles of vehicles mad. _.
wth Split Hickor)—t.|.lit. not kaw.<.l-auy ot which will be made

^o',' 30 DAYS' FREE TRIAL

. iifter trirtl if not just, as joa expected. We have satia-

OurSPLIT HICKORY SPECIAL at $

Imho bifnest bu«(ry baruain in Ihe world. De-^

Send" for that

OHIO CARRIACE MFG. CO.,

CASTALIA HEREFORDS...

The bre»>(llngcow» and herd buUsat "Paiitxlla" havo been se-
lecled with one aliri; THE BEST. REUARDI ESS TO COST. Herd
headed by Ihe sa.OOO 00 Imcirted SALISBljRV. aRsi.-te.i b.v LAVS.
JR I Imve D*»w ftir sale a very fine bunch of bull calves by Ihese
Oullh. also a few feraaleH. Vibitors are welcome aud met at statluu.

Wille your needs.

MURRAY BOOCOCK.

Keswick, Va.

BACON HALL FARM.

PEREFOBDbesistebedCBTTLE

"TOP" BREEOINQ. CALVES NOT AKIN.
MOTTO— Satisfaction or no Sale.

E M. QILLET & SON,

Glencoe, Maryland.

NHKOPNHlRi; NHEKP.— BuckB, One yearold and over. 116 to CU. Buck Lambi, July Oe-

llvery, $10. and «r2. Ewe Lambs, Jaly delivery, $8. and $10.
pol.AI«D-«'HINA HO«n — Plge. «lx weeks old, 15. Pigs, two or three months old, r.M

H gs, Ovt months and over, 815 to 120.
M. BRORZe TrRKETN — Toms, M. Hens, $3. Eggs, per sitting of 12, when In seMon $4.
II|IN<M»VT nrcKN. - Pnre Whlt<- Drakes, J1.28. Pure White Dncks, »1. Pairs. 12.26; trios, »
RARKF.D Pl.TMorTH RO<«,)i4.
Ri>r FN UKEME — Uanders, J2.S0. 0«e«e. 18.60. Eggs, per sitting, $3.00

WILUAM L, Jr., No. 21068. half brotbor uf Axtell, will serve a Umlted namberof mare* ttn
tUS the season. Marea boarded at lowest llgnies per month.

1903 J

THE 80UTHRBN PLAJrTEB.

b6

SHELBURNES

Is the BEST WAREHOUSE

in Richmond, the BEST MARKET for all grades of Tobacco. It
is the home of sun and air cured Tobacco and headquarters for
flue-cured and shipping types. Here are located the head offices and
stemmeries of all the large corporations, Regie representatives and the
largest number of independent factories and buyers in the United States.

SHELBURNES WAREHOUSE

Has the largest lighted space, insuring equal attention to every pile.
Ample accommodations in every way for all our customers.
Correspondence solicited.

SILAS SHELBURNE & SON, Props., 12tli and Canal Sts.. RICHMOND, VA.

WAGONS and BUGGIES

MADE

RIGHT HERE

AT HOME

The BARBOUR BUGGY CO.,
The HUGHES BUGGY CO.,
The VIRGINIA WAGON CO.

All of Virginia.

These vehicles are gjaranteed to be as good as can be bought elsewhere ; material and workman-
ship unsurpassed ; all sizes and styles, prices low. We can save you time, money and freight by
purchasing our vehicles. Send for our illustrated catalogues. Drop in our warehouse and inspect our
stock. Inquiries cheerfully answered.

RICHMOND BUGOY & WAGON CO., 1433 E. INain Street, RICHMOND, VA.

J. T. DUNN, Manager.

66

IHB 80XJTHKBN PLAKTEB.

[January

A RELIABLE SEED HOUSE.
We tnifit that none of oar readers will
overlook the seed advertisement of the
Griffith & Turner Company of Baltimore,
Md., which ie running in our columne.
We believe it contains a suggestion which
cannot but be helpful in selecting seeds
for the new crop. Aside from the imper-
ative necessity of changing seeds from
time to time, bringing something new to
the same old soil which constitutes the
farmers' plant for a generation, it must
appeal to every one as being the wise
thing to procure the seed from that part
ticular region of country where that par-
ticular kind of seed reaches i's highes-
development. Right here is where the
Griffith & Turner people come in. They
make a study of seeds and seed-growing
in connec'.ion with climate and from the
region there any particular kind reaches
its best form, in that region they grow
and bring their supply to their Baltimore
house, and are thus enabled to furnish to
patrons in any part of the country what
18 certain to be the most protitable seeds
to plant This policy has been a most
advantageous one to the company, result-
ing in recent years in a most rapid exten-
sion of their trade, particularly through
the Xorthern regions. The firm is per-
fectly reliable and painstaking. Any one
writing for their catalogue, which is
mailed free, may rest assured that he is
about to deal with a firm whose chief
concern is to supply seeds which will
produce the very best results.

Every boy bom in the world should be

Eut in the way of maintaining himself in
onest independence. No education that
does not make this its first aim is worth
anything at all. The being able to do
Bomething is of infinitely more value
than the ability to answer questions.

More and more is it coming to be seen
that the industrial hope of the South is
in a wider dissemination of scientific, tech-
nical and manual education, in making
universal, so far as maj- be, that knowl-
edge of the forces of mechanics that will
le^ to the development and mastery of
the material resources that still lie slum
bering in the depths of our hills and
fields and forests — this is the supreme
need of our impoverished Southland. —
Prof. C. C. Thach, of JJfibama PolyUchnic
InstUuie. '

THE WORST PUXLSHMENT.

"De punishment what Dives — de rich
man — got down yonder is wusser than
fire," said the colored preacher.

" How come dat, parson," asked a mem- [
ber of his flock. ;

"Digapp'intment," was the reply.
" Ever' time he hear a rumblin' noise I
overhead, he 'low ter hisse'f it's thunder i
en it's fixin' t«r rain en ter put de fire
out ; but Satan des chuckle ter hisse'f,
en say ter 'im : ' Brace up, ole man 1 — dat !
ain't no thunder ; it's only yo' frien' Lath-
erus snorin' on Abraham's buzzum.' " —
Atlania Constitution.

A NEAT BINDEB for your back i
numbers can be had for 25 centfi. Ad-
dress the Business Office.

The Miller MANURE SPREADER and PULVERIZER

w^iflfOT^tei^ie. THE NEWARK MACHINE CO., - Newark, Ohio.

Mention the Southern Plaster when you write.

THE GREAT WESTERN

Manure Spreader

^J:.; r^ENDIiSS APRON Jl

ia place s^d ready to receive the load without

any tuming^backcitheTt'yhan-i or complicated.

easily broken machinery. ThefroDt and rear

axles are of same length which, with tbs

Broad Tires Prevents Ruttio£^

LIGHT DRJiFT. SPREADS ALL KINDS OF MANURE, s...d.. .c.p...^.>c.^.

hulls, etc. C«ii be cinnced InHontly to «prea<l thick or thin Vi "^ Jil-ll^ ..l^.ll.''

l?^'',.-.%.''^'c-«...iEND GATE AND BEATER AND HOOD PROTECTOR IN USE
"d^°i' POSITIVE GUARANTEE Sn.r.e'ii'L'i'/^^^^

Cataloroe— theSest3.Edmo5t cczip'.ete s^rc:iitT c3.t^.>g ever p-thiV-e.i. «___ ...

SMITH MANURE SPREADER CO.. 59 N. JEFFERSON STREET, CHICAGO, ILL.

n— s <o*a

cf best m»-
=e ye

»^^^^^»^^^^V»

GUERNSEY

I JERSEY AND

^CATTLE.^

D6rkShir6 HOSS, youne boars ready for 'ervice. and Pigs in pairs or trios not

akin. Large, young Bronze Turkeys. A few Plymontli Rock and Brown

Leghorn Fowls. All the above stock ready for shipment now.

A FEW BEAUTIFUL FOX TERRIER PUPPIES AT $5 EACH.

M. B. ROWE, - Fredericksburg. Va.

BLACK-LEGINE

Pasteur Blackleg Vaccine ready for use. ||pARi,Tlf

Single Blacklegine (for commou stock): 10 dose box, $1.50;
20 dose box, §2. oO; 50 dose box, $6.00. Double Blacklegine (for
choice stock) $2.00 for 10 dose.s, first lymph aud second lymph inclu-
sive. Blacklegiue Outfit for applying Blacklegine, 50 cents.

Pasteur Vaccine Co.,

CHICAGO - NEW YORX - FT. WORTH - SAN FRANCISCa

1903 J

THJi BOUTHERN PLAtTTBit

67

AGRICULTURAL CHEMICALS AND
FERTILIZE KS.
The ammoniate market is steady and
firm. Continued inquiries fiom the South
ftie being reported, but the business as
yet has not developed very large propor-
tions. Nitrates are inclined to be stiff,
but quotations are generally unchanged.
The demand for fish scrap and dried
blood continues active, while the supply
iB not large.

Ammoniates.

Nitrate of soda, spot, per 100 lbs....$2 05
Kitrate of soda, futures, 100 lbs... 1 95
Cottonseed meal, ton, c. i. f. N. Y.. 28 00

Bulph. ammonia, spot 3 00

Sulph. ammonii, shipment 2 97i

Dried blood. New York grades 2 47J

Dried blood, Western, high grade,

fine ground 2 60

Fish scrap, at New York 2 55 & lOe.

Tankage, per unit 2 60 & 10c.

Phosphates.

Acid phosphate, per unit 60

Bone black, apot, per ton 17 00

Ground bone, per ton 23 50

8. C. phosphate rock, ground, per

2,000 lbs 5 50

8. C. phosphate rock, undried, f.

o. b. Ashley River, 2,400 lbs 3 25

do. do do. dried.. 3 50

Florida, high grade phosphate rock,

f. o. b. Fernandina, per ton „ 7 60

Florida land pebble phosphate rock,

f. o. b. Fernandina, per ton 4 50

Tennessee phosphate, f o. b. Mt.

Pleasant, domestic 3 50

do. do. do. foliage.. 4 00

Potash.

Kainit, future shipment, per ton.. 3 05
Keiseret, future ehipment, per ton, 7 60
Mur. potash, 80 p.c, future shipm't 1 80
Double manure ealt (48a49 percent.

less than 2}^ per cent, chlorine),

shipment, per lb 1 00

Basis 48 per ct.
High grade manure salt (90a93 per

cent, sulphate potash) shipment, 2 09
Basis 90 per ct.
Manure salt in bulk, 20 per cent.

perunit, 0. F 64

— Journal of Commerce {N. Y.) Dec. S9, 'OS.

[Only highest prices quoted. — S. P.]

THE GROWING WHEAT CROP.

On December 4, it was pointed out that
while most of the recognized private au-
thorities were indicating a wheat acreage
smaller than last year, the actual area
was probably not much short of that
seeded last year, and much larger than
that harvested. The report of the De-
Bartment of Agriculture issued on the
10th, more than confirms this position, it
placing the acreage seeded at 34,000,000
acres, against 32,000,000 seeded last year,
and 27,000,000 harvested. This actual
increase in breadth comes as a surprise
and is at variance with all other informa
tion. The official estimate of area was
certainly too low for the last crop, and it
is quite possible that some correction of
past figures is involved In the present
estimate. To illustrate the differences
that now exist in erop-reporting circles.

1903.

The Line Includes
Up-to-Date Disc Plows,
Sulky & Gang Plows,
Stalk Cutters,
Subsoilers,
Planters,
Cultivators, Etc

Farm Right and Prosper.

farmer's genius is shown and his prosperity meas-
ured by what he works with.

Labor-Saving
TOOLS

have t lie mod-
9 ern idea,
make yoxir
lands yield the most
with least labor, ^ive you such
; as money makersin other call-
ingsenjoy. Write our nearest house
about any Lahor-Saving Im-
plements you require.

B. F. Avery & Sons,

Manufacturers,
Louisville, Ky,
Memphis, Tenn.
New Orleans, La.
Dallas, Tex.

JERSEY GATTLE^^

Bred from high-testing St. Lambert Cows.

LARGE VORKSHIRE HOGS.

The BACON BREED now leading all other breeds for making
high-priced bacon.

HWDIAX GAMES— The king of table fowls.

WHITE ^WYANDOTTES— The best general-purpose fowl.

WHITE IiEGHORjrS-All.sold out.
Address

Reg. HOLSTEIN-ERIESIAN

CATTLE of the Netherland, De Kol, Clothilde, Pietertje and

Artis families. Heavy milkers and rich in butter fat.

Stock of all ages for sale.

Reg. BERKSHIRES From noted strains. Imported Headlight, Lord
Highclere and Sunrise.

^^:^^DO/?SE'T SHEER. .^^

B. PLYMOUTH ROCK CHICKENS, Fifteen Cockerels for sale

N. and \V. and Southern B. B.

T. O. SANDY, Burkeville, Va.

'THE
OAKS

SHORTHORNS

FOR
SALE

2 Reg. Bull Calves; 2 Reg. Cows; 1 three-year-old Reg. Bull (immune) raised south
of Petersburg. Va. All right in every particular.

- I B. B. BVCHANAIV, Bedford City, Va.

RIPPLEY'S.

o^mMo^utn $163111 Gookcrs

Id undera guarantee torcookiDgfeed,lieating Poultry, Hop and
Dairy houses, heating water in stock tanks or cooking feed 200 ft,
from Cooker. Aremade of boiler steel; no flues to niBt or leak. Can
be usedoutsideorinhouse. Safe as a stove. Wlllcook25bu.offeed
inShrs. Used and endorsed by Wis., la,, Va.. Ga. and Ont. State

Sieam Coolcera. Cooker uid Broeden' Supply C&talogne and prices m&iUd free.

RIPPLET HARDWARE CO.. Cooker Mfn., Box 70 GRAnOH, ILtlNOIS.

68

THE 80UTHEEN PLANTEB.

[Jauuaiy

it ma-v be pointed out that the Kansas
State report shows wheat seedinfr 3.7 per
cent, less than last year, while thf bureau
BhowB an increase of 8 per cent., Illinois
reports 5 per rent, less, government 6 per
cent, more, Missouri reporta 10 per cent.
leea, government 11 per cent. more.

SOUTHERN ARTISTS.

Mary ■Washington.
After writinir a series of articles on va
rious Southern artists, such as Allston,
Sully, F. Hopkinson Smith, and others,
I received some belated intelligence of a
few others of which I will make, as it
were, a codicil to mv former articles. One
of these artists is Mr. J. D. Woodward, a
native of Virginia, though he has been
for several years a resident of New York,
when he has not been in Europ". adding
to his culture in art. His pictures are
well known in the exhibitions in New
York, as well as in other art centres, and
he enjoys a very good standing in his own
school.

Mr Woodward is a landscape painter,
mostlv in oil, but has done a great deal
of work for the publishers in bl ck and
■white, notably for the Appleton series of
" Picturesque America, Europe and the
Holv Land," besides contributing illus-
trations to a number of other publica-
tions.

Mr. Woodward's parents lived and died
in Virg nia, and his brother and ner.hew
are still prominent merchants in Riih-
mond.

Amongst the many objects of interest
in the Confederate museum in Ricbmond,
Va., may be mentioned a tet of water-
colorel pictures (twelve in number), hy
Mr. Wm. Shepherd, a Richmond (Va.)
man, illnBtraling the life of the Confed
erate solder. The subjects are as fol-
lows :
The Meis Bov.

Running the Blockade on Chesapeake
Bay.
Newspaper in the Trenches. 1861.
Sunday in Camp in 18M. !

Opening of Spring Campaign.
Company O. Stragglers.
News from Home.
Wounded Comrade.
Reveille.
A Last Parting.

Equipment in 1S61 (black and white).
Then there is an oil painting of Mr.
Shephenl's, representing an artillery
fight, and called "Virginia."

"in addition to the artistic talent and
ekill Mr. Shepherd has put into these
pictures, he has furthermore had the ad-
vantage of having had an intimate per-
gonal knowleilge of the scent-s he por
trayed, by which meaua he wa» enahlwl
to depict them in a far more life-like
manner.

Richmond has also produced a female
artist of talent. Miss Adele Williams,
who IB perhaps the tiest known Virginia
artist of the vourger generation. Her
wirk ranks high, especially in pastel por-
traits.

I regret that I have only been able to
procure such meagre information a^nut
the above-named gifted lady, but suffice
it to say she is an artist who does great
credit to the South.

ACME

Sizes
3to13 1-2 Feet.

Agsnts
Wanted

Pulverizing Harrow

Clod Crusher and Leveler

SENT ON TRIAL

be returned at my expense if not satisfactory.
The best pulverizer — cheapest Riding Har-
row on earth. We also make walk-
Acmes. The Acme
crushes, cuts, pulverizes,
^. turns and levels all
soils for all pur-
poses. Made en-
tirely of cast steel
and wrought iron
—indestructible.

Catalog and Booklet, ".4i /</«/ f/arrou." by Henr>- Stew-art. mailed free.
I deliver free on board at New York. ChicsfO. Colnmbns. Loaisvllle, Kansas City. Minneapolis, San Francisco, dc.
Address DUANE H. NA5H. .<:-->Lf5 MANUFACTURER - MILLINGTON, NEW JERSEY.

PiE.*^SE MENTION THIS PAPER.

POPULAR TOOLS FOR MARKET GARDENERS

iD DROPI NEW UNIVERSAL. I new universal j ^,=*==*=^

1 ^\m^^": "''■ °' c^riforrpiV: Sn'S.Orill 4 cultivator^ Jftmripi

.u

, NEW UNIVERSAL^

anisi t-el Wheel Plows.

jtmcd. Adit5a:letoanydcpth |jijjj^5f,.,^ For Garie:
POPULAR PRICES. 19ri3 calalr-rue of latest snips now rc'i'ly. Free. an i Po:;!terexs.

AMES PLOW COMPANY, 56 MARKET STREET, BOSTON, MASS.

FOR Sale by GRIFFITH & TURNER CO , BALTIMORE, M 0.

Farmers' $125 Saw Mill.

Cnti 2000 ft. InmlMr t day witli only 4 k. f ,

Oar large, handsome catalocae tails all
alKiut the lanioas DeLoacti Variable Frte-
tlon Feed Saw Hills, 4 to 10(1 h p.. IIJS up.
I>L«ach Saw Mill Machinery Planara,
Shingle. Ijih and Corn Mills. W»t«r
Wheels, •!«. Writ* for calalogne and prto*
t o. b. yonr depot, DbIX)ach Mill Mrs.
CX>., Box em. Atlanta, Oa. (Branch, UM
Liberty 8U, New York.)

Japan Plums

And all other deairable standard and new
varieties of PLUMS, APPLE, PEACH,
PEABand ORNAMENTAL TREES,
SHRUBS, ROSES, Etc.

HEADQUARTERS FOR TENNESSEE
PROLIFIC STRAWBERRY.

The Most Billable Variety Ever rrown In
the South.

Three bnndred and flrij- aorem under onlUvaMon. Write
II j»»u foiiiempliile pUntinc Catalogue tree.

AQENTS WANTED. WRITE FOB TERMS.

^AT. T. »:ooo

OLD DOMINION NURSERY.

CO.,

RICHMOND, VA.

1903.]

THE BOUTHBBN PLAN TEE.

69

Latest Improved FARM IMPLEMENTS.

HAND POWER CUTTER.

These machine* Mil at •Ight. They have heavy fly
wheels and mak« thre« can to each turn of th« crank.
■I hey will cut h»y, uti-aw or fodder, ano will cut ftom
y, to 1 1ncbaa. They are »lilpped K. D., securing the
lowest possible freight rates.

LITTLE GIANT CORN SHELLER.

The frame Is made of thoroughly dry hard wood-
Thtjoliita mortUed tenoned and bolted. The bear-
ings are bolted on to th« frame Instead of screwed.
The iron work Is made from thejvery best material,

I SCIENTIFIC FEED MILLS. All Sizes.'

evrr piece lscar<-fuliy Inspected before being put on.
This machine Is high gracte all the way through. " '°
handsomely palnt«d, striped and varnished.

Th» SCIENTIFIC Urinding iWills.

Are unequalled for grinding ear Corn, shucks on or ofl,

Com, Oats, Whtiat and all other grains,

single or mixed.

*

POWER MILLS In Five Sizes,

2 to 30 horte power.

SCIENTIFIC SWEEP HILLS In Five Sizes.

Geared— plain and combined, with horse power.

Wood Saws for Long or Short Wood.
Wood or Steel Frame.

ROSS

FodderCutters, Fodder
Shredders, Ontt»^rB for
all purposes. Corn Shel-
lers, GrIndlDg Mills,
Horse Powers and
Wood Saws.

ELI BaLINU HKEsSfcS.

SS styles and sizes. For horse or steam power.
Write for prices and catalogues.

Buckeye Force

Pumps.

Porcelained

W«od Pumps.

Wood and Steel

Wind Mills.

Bennett's Improved Stump
Pullers.

Three sUes and 10 styles.
Write for catalogues and price§.

Write for special catalogues aud price on
any Implements wanted.

Special prices given on Studebaker and
Brown Wagons, Buggies and Carts.

Studebaker Buggies, all styles, Studebaker
Carriages. Studebaker Carts, Stude-
baker Runabouts.

DON'T FORGET!

Wood Harr«ws— All sizes.
Disc Harrows— All sizes.
Ipring Tootli Harrows— All sizes.
Aeme Harrows— All sizes.

Harrows of all styles kept in stock at low- ver Plows and Repairs is at H36 and 1438 Eas

est net prices. *'*'° ^^^^^' ^""^

I in town who claim
to sell Oliver Plows and Repairs only sell the
Imitation, Bogus, Cheap Goods. The only
place in Richmond, Va., to buy Genuine 011-

t

~^-:^S^^

HENtNQ & NUCKOLS, cH'.ri!1.°rNll., 1436-38 E. Main Street, mmm, Vi.

70

THE SOtTTHEKN PLANTER

[January

CHRISTIAN SCIENCE.

A colored man, who worked for a
white man who believed in Faith Cure,
Christian S<.-ience,or whatever it is called,
was an hour or eo late reporting to work
one morning. His employer, upon in-
quiry, was told that he was detained at
home on account of the illnefp of his
brother. The Ctiristian Scientist ridi-
culed the idea of the brother's illne.«e,
and said :

"Henry, your brother is not sick. He
just thinks he is sick If he will just
use his mind, exercise his will-power,
decide that he is not going to be sick, and
will have faith in God, he will get right
up, and you won't have to use any medi-
cine "

This was all new and strange doctrine
to Henry, but he did not think it wi=e
to get into any kind of argument with
his boss, 80 he scratched his head and
said nothing.

The third day after this conversation,
Henry remained a»ay from work the en
tire day. AVhen he reported for work
the next morning, his employer said :

"Well, Henry, how is your brother to-
day? Does he still think he is sick ?'

■The colored man replied : "No, sir ; we
buried him yesterday. I reckon by this
time he thinks he's dead." — Silas X.
Floyd, in January Lif^pincotl's Magazint.

A PRUDENT SALMON.

Kitty Collins is a Newfoundland fish-
wife whose sharp tongue and dealings
have made her a celebrity the length of
the East Shore. The man or woman is
yet to be born who can beat her on any
trade which savors of fish.

She lives in one of the out-ports and
brings her fish ti S;. John's to market.

Early one spring she •••rought the first
salmon f.f the season to the house of
the Bishop to sell. It wa? a tine salmon
weighing eight pounds, and the Bishop
was so pleased that he gave her not only
the high price she asked for it, but a lit-
tle extra to show his appreciation of
Kittv's enterprise.

When the salmon was dressed it was
found to he stuffed with about two
pounds of gravel. The Bishop was angry
that the fish-wife should dare tiy her
tricks on him, and demanded that he
should be notified when she appeared
again.

Kitty was not long in making a return
trip

When Kitty stood before him, the
Bishop, terrible in his righteous wruth,
thundered :

"What do you mean, woman, by sell-
ing me a fish filled with rocks?"

"Oh, but, sir, your Grace," replied
Kitty, smiling and unruffled, "don't you
remember that last gale, sir? He took
on ballast, your Grace " — Cakoli.ve Lock-
BART, in January LippinroU't MiKjmine.

PIT GAMES.

LET THE HAWKEYE INCUBATOR

Pay Your Child's Way Thro' College.

id Ihe whnJe pr
T.. bi
T«rj- bt*it lucuii

30 DAYS' FREE TRIAL.

Froe Illnstrated Catalo
d receive in addii

leading poultry paper.

HAWKEVE INCUBATOR CO., Box 49, Newion, la.

^ INCUBATORS ON 30 D&YS' TRIAL. THE WORLD'S BEST STANDARD HATCHER. >

Tbousands of these incubators are iu successful
operation in the United States, Canada, South
Africa. New Zealand. Sweeden, England, Hollatd,
and Germany. These machines operate to perfec-
tion and always bring off a large brood of strong,
healthy chicks. Catalogue with full particulars
The Standard F. C. Incubator Co., Dept. 5. Rochester, N. Y.. U. S. A.

Highest Typewriting Possibilities
Available Only to Users

OF THE,

SMITH PREMIER
TYPE,WRITE,K

Known ETcrj-where. Employed by Governments and Great Corporations which command only the
best facilities. Illustrated Catalogue and *' Touch" Typewritinfi Instruction Book Free

THE SMITH PREMIER TYPEWRITER COMPANY

No. 519 Eleventh St., N. W., WASHINGTON, D. O.

jf- THE ^

SEABOARD

AIR LINE RAILWAY

OPfERS

PROFITABLE

INVESTMENTS

TO-

THE MANUFACTURER^
THE STOCK RAISER^
THE DAIRYMAN^
THE FRUIT GROWER^
THE TRUCKER.
WHERE YOUR LABOR IS NOT IN VAIN^.

Would a country where work can be carried on the entire year »nd where larjf*
profits can be realized interest you?

The SEABOARD Air Line Railway traverses six Southern States and a repon
of this character. One two cent stamp will bring handsome illustrated literatnre
descriptive of the feition.

J. B. WHITE. EDW. F. COST, CHARLES B. RYiN,

THOS. W. JARMAX. • Yancey Mills, V». flen. indastrial Agt., Portsmouth, Vs. Traffic Mgr. fien. Pass. Ag., Portsmouth, V».

BLACK DEVILS and RED HOHSES.

I have a choice lot of (Vicks and StagR for ^ale

cheap, writf for price.**. Kkh». 8*-' t>ersitl;ng.

Guarantee SHtlefaotlou.

1903 )

THE BOUrillRN PLAUTBB

71

Agricultural Implements and Machinery

The HockingValley Cider and Wine Mills

Have crushing rollers made of wood, which
Impart no taste or discoloration to the Juice.

Buckeye Grain and Fertilizer Drill

With hoes or disc. Drills grain of all kinds,
corn, peas, grass seed and fertilizers.

Our Five-Hoe Drill

For seeding between rows of standing oom Is
a great success.

Continental Disc Harrows,

Changed to straigbtor slanting tooth wlthoat
stopping team.

Ensilage and Feed Cutters.

Capacities from 600 to 16,000 pounds per hour.

The Union Cutter.

Crushes the stalk after it leaves the knives-
far superior to shredding.
The Combined Feed Mill and Horse Power
Is indispensable to every farmer. Qrlnd»
corn, shelled or on cob, grain of all kinds,
and is a flrstrclass horse-power for any pur-
pose. Three machines In one.

The McCormick Corn Binder

Works like a grain binder, cutting and tlelng
the corn and delivering In bundles.

The McCormick Husker and Shredder.

The most complete machine of its class made.
The very low price brings it within the means
of all.

■^^ Corn Shelters

For hand or power, separating corn from cob.

Ch u rns— Improved Buckeye
Rocker.

Unequalled for cheapness, with
simplicity, strength, durability
and perfect work.

OTOLONE
JTaed and Ensllag-e Cutters. All Sizes.

Cane Mills and Evaporators.

Turned rollers, steel shafts, brass
boxes, enclosed gearing. Made of
special Iron of great strength.

Portable Evaporators

With furnace. Pans of galvanized
st«el or copper.

Cucumber Wood Pumps

Willi porcelain-lined cylinder, for
wellB up to to feet In depth.

The Hancock Disc Plow,

Improved for 1902.
Will work In any land, and with less aran.
than any other disc plow.

Hand Power Press.

Full Circle Horse-Power Press.

THE WATT PLOW CO.,

Franklin and i 5th Streets,

ZUCIZ2ISOND. VJk.

72

THE 80UTHEEN PliANTBB.

[January

MARfHA'S SOLUTION.

A Washington housekeeper rejoices in
the po95e«»ion of a irasherwoniaii of the
olden style, and jjete much amusement
from the olil woman's converBalion. Ke-
cently, while counting over the d'lthes
the hou.ekeeper obietved Aunt Martha
gazing at herself in the mirror.

"What yo' think of this bonnet, Miss
Molly? It's new."

" It'i very becoming," said the lady,
more politely than truthfully, "but,
Annt Martha. I am afraid yoa are get-
tini{ very extravagant. I am sure yon
are spending all you make in clothea."

"I certainly do that thing." said Annt
Martha seriously. " I certainly do. You
Bee, I saved money once, and it was stole,
and I said then, " I'll spend ez I go, ez I
go,' Miss Molly, 'and th«n I gets the good
of it • "

" Btit, Martha, 8ur«ly you are putting
by a little money, just to bury you ?"

"Not much, I ain't. I ain't got none
of thi»t foolishness 'bout me. I'll enjoy
myself while I live, and I gness after I'm
dead I c»n stand it above ground jea' as
long ai any one kin stand havin' me." —
NiSA E. Ali.esdkr, in Lippincott's Maga
tine for January.

A LESSON TAUGHT AND LEARNED.

Not unlike some other great m^-n, Chief-
Justice Mar-ball gare little attention to
dress or to personal pulchritude, although
his face was unusually handeoiie A
•tory is told of a young man who had
recently remored to Richmond. 'This
new comer saw in the market a rusty-
looking old man making hlg way slowly
through the entrance, and walking up to
him abruptly, asked Mm if he woold not
like to make a ninepence by carrying a
tarkey home for him. Th«old man qui
etly took the turkey and walked behind
the newlv-arrived citizen without a word
mntil thelatter had reached his own gata.

" Catch !" said the young man, tossing
ft ninepence to his hireling.

The old man caught the ninepecce,and
aa he turned to walk away a gentleman
passing by bowed deferentially to him.

"Who i4 that shabby old fellow?"
uked the turkev buyer.

"The Chief-J^ustice of the United
States," was the reply.

" Impoaaible," stammered the blunder-
er. " Why did he bring the turkey —
why "

" To teach yon a lesson in good-breed-
ine." interrupted the gentleman. "He
will give the money away before he gets
h- mfl. but I have no doubt he is enjoying
the joke you have so condetcendingly
giien him."— Z Cocke, in January Lip-
pincoW$ Magazine.

BOWMONT FARMS.
We invi'e attention to the advertise-
ment of the Bowmont Farms, to be found
elsewhere in this issue. The offering this
month consists of Jerseys, large York-
•hire hogs anil Indian game fowls. You
will always get good stock and treatment
from OjI- Bowman, the proprietor.

A NEIT BIND EH for your back
numbprs can be had for 25 cents. Ad-
dress the Business Oflice.

CHARTER

Gasoline
Engines.

AL90 ON WHEELS.

The N. C. Department of Agriculture uses this engine in the
portable style on their Test Farm.

AS STEADY AND RELIABLE AS A
GRANDFATHER'S CLOCK.

SYDNOR PUMP & WELL CO.,

Box 949. RICHMOND. VIRGINIA, i

COLD WEATH

R IS HERE.

HAVE YOU A

CELEBRATED

LEHMAN
HEATERP

The areatcst Comfort Is to be Derived
Therefrom in Cold Weather.

NO CAKRIAQB OK SLEIOIJ IS
COMPLBTB WITHOUT ONE.

SALES ANNUALLY OVER 10.000. 175,000 IN USE.

For BooKlet and other Information address

LEHMAN BROTHERS, Mfrs , JAMES W, ERRINQER,

10 BOND ST., NEW YORK. Gen'i Western Sales Aft..

Mention Southern Planter when ivrilinff. J97 Wabash Ave., - CHICAGO, ILL

ASSETS. $900.000.

Virginia Fire and flarine

Insurance Company, of Richmond, Va.

Insures Against Fire and Lightning.

ALL DESCRIPTIONS OF PROPERTY IN COUNTRY AND TOWN. PRIVATE OB
PUBLIC, INSURED .\T FAIR RATES. ON ACCOMMODATING TERMS.

AGENCIES IJS E>l ERY TOWN AND COUNTY.

WM. H. PALMER, PRESIDENT. W. H. M'CARTHY, SECRETARY.

,.^,, DAVISON HARROW CO. ' ^,^=^>

■'■J^f^ ^'^^ THE LARGEST MANUFACTURERS OF /^ bA' -

yl^^^i SFRxisra- tooth hahro-ws ^^/sx . "

19§3]

THE 80UTHBEN PLAinBR.

73

I LEE'S PR^P^'^^P AQRiCUTURAL L|^E

For COTTON when used on land with a fair amount of veget*tion or with COMPOST (which is better the
crop» are as good as from any Fertilizer. It prevents RUST and SHEDDING and keeps the plants green much
longMr in dry weather.

PEANUTS With the same conditions as above, it is a COMPLETE FERTILIZER for this CROP. Our
cu-tomers say it is eq'jal to the BEST FERTILIZERS ON THE M ARKET.

DARK HEAVY TOBACCO Hani oat your farm pen .scrapings, plow under and broadcast 500 to 600
Us. per acre (the eadier the better), and you will get a heavy crop of Tobacco and a fine ciop of Wijeat and
Clover or other grass, and by proper rotation will have a rich lot for any crop.

BRIGHT TOBACCO Oar customers say that 200 lbs. per acre in the drill with other Fertilizer will prevent
the fobacco from FlRlNli and ijiving it a GOOD BODY and increase its value $20 per acre For Wheat, Oats,
Clover and other grass it is exceptionally good.

It prevents RUST. SCAB and SMUT in WHEAT and and all say it is the best thing for clover thev ever used. Fruit
Growers will find a WONDERFUL IMPROVEMENT by it use on their Orchards and Vineyards.

I

Our EXCELS80R TOBACCO PERTILIZER

Has been tested for six years and has proved equal to and in some cases superior to the high-grade ammoniated
goods on the market We put in no useless filler and ihe farmer gets the 20fi0 lbs. to the ton of valuable fertilizer
for the ciops and THE LAND. Hence they saj their succeeding crops are much better than from oUier fertilizers

Our SPECIAL CORN FERTILIZER For land where there is not an abundance of vegetation is equal to any.

J^General agents for B1.4CK DEATH BCO KIL.IjER for destroying Potato Bugs, Tobacco Worms-
and all insects injurious to vegetation; and Sifters and Insecticide distributors for applying it.

•y PtAII* SHELL, LIME Jfo. 1 WOOO-B€R]VT LIME

^ Constantly on hand at lowest prices. In car lots «t lowest market price from kilns-

y WRITE FOR CIRCULARS. A.. S. I^EE ^C SO W, RICHMOND. VA..

Pedigreee traced and tabslated. Catalogues compiled and cir-
culars prepared Special attention given registration
matters pertaining to thoroughbred and trotting horses

TAT. J. CA.JEVrm¥t (Broad Rock),

p. O. Box 929, RICHHONO, VA.

Sepresentlng the

RiOHMOMD Times, Richmond, Va.
SoaTHKBN Planter, Richmond, Va.
Spirit of the Times, >J«w York.
KEPTTOorr Stock Farm, Leilnfton. Ky,
Bbesdek and Sportsman, San Franclaco, Cal.

AINSLIE GARRiAQE CO.,

Nor 8. 10 and 12 Tenth St., RiGHMONO, VA.

Building Carriages to order is our special businei*.
Repairing and Repainting done, and best material used.
A full line of all the latest styles. Orders for all
classes of Vehicles solicited.

1903. IN THE STUD I903.

WEALTH, 29579.

RACE RECORD, 2: 17 J, Pacing.

Timed separately in 2:08 in a race at Indiana
State Fair, 1902.

Bay horse, foaled 1897 ; 16 hands high, weight, 1,200
lbs. Sired by Gambetta Wilkes, 2:19^ dam Mag-
nolia, by Norfolk, 3670, Wealth is grand
individually and in appearance.

FEE, $20 the Season with rituri privilegt, or $25 to insure.
Address S. F. CHAPMAN, Gordonsville, Va.

1903. mTHESTUD AT LAURELHILLFARM. 1903.
THE FINE HACKNKY STALLION

•t- HEIDRICK ■*•

Bay horse, foaled 1898 ; 16 hands high. This horse
has great natural action, and is capable of getting
the highest class harness horses.

FEE, $10 00 the Season or $15 00 to Insure.

Address C. F. & J. BUTTON, Walker's Ford, Va.

GREAT STAKES, 25521.

RACE RECORD, 2:20, Trotting.

Bay horse, by Billy Thornhill, 2:24, dam Sweetstakes,

by Sweep Stakes, 298. Great Stakes has sired

Captain, 2:i6i; Foxhall, 2:19!, and four

others in the list. He is handsome,

well-formed and sires speed

uniformly.

FEE, $25.00 for the Season of 1903^

Address

W. H. NELSON, • 1417 E. Franklin St, RIohmond, Va.

74

THE 80UTHBBN PLAJSTER.

[Jannary

THE NEED OF THE FARMER'S SON.

Although the farm keeps the balance
of trade ia the nation's favor, furnishes
two-thirds of our exports, contributes to
our manufacturing supremacy by provid-
ing cheap food for our mechanics, com-
paratively little has been done toward
educating the farmer for his work. To
be sure, the United States has done more
for him than any other country. In 1862,
Congress endowed agricultural colleges
to teach the sciences relating to agricul
tnre. In 1867, experiment stations were
provided for where research might be
made into the operations of nature.

But considering that Americans pay
more money for public education than
any other people on earth, a compara-
tively small proportion of the sum is de-
voted to stimulating and aiding that half
of our population who cultivate the soil.
The tendency of primary education has
been to lead the country youth away
from the farm instead of helping him in
the study of tho.se sciences relating to
production. It would be politic and pa-
triotictoincorporateintothe farm vouth's
education some knowledge that shall bear
more directly upon his future life and
work. — James Wiiso.v, Secretary of Agri- i
culture, in the Youth's Compardon.

A CA E N POINT. |

Attorney Jacobi had just successfully
defended Sim Walton, who was charged
with stealing a watch. When they were
outside the court-room, the lawyer asked
Sim for the ft-e, which was ten dollars.
Sim turned to him and said :

"Boss, I ain't got a cent."

"Well, haven't you something you can
give me as security until you can raise
the money?" asked .lacobi.'

Sim replied: "I ain't got nuthin' but
dat ol' watch I stole. Vou is welcome to
dat, ef you'll tek hit."— Sil.\s Xavier
Floyd, in January Lippincotl's Magazine.

St. Nicholas for January starts the New
Year in the happiest wav. Edwin L.
Sabin. Louisa M. Alcott, Howard Pyle,
Clara Morris. Malcolm Douglas, Harriet
Prescott Spofiford. Rov Benson Ri^^hard-
8on, Virginia Woodward Cloud, Zitella
Cocke. John Bennett, Cliftord Howard
Sarah M. B. Piatt, Albert Bigelow Paine,
and Carolyn Wells are onlv part of the
long list of writers and artists who con-
tribute to the current month's feast for
young folks. Really, the pirl or boy who
does not have .St. Nicholas to read ia to
be pitied.

Notable among the stories in the Janu
ary St. Nicholas is John Bennett's " Bob-
by's Newspaper," which has much of the
charm that made the author's " Master
Skylark" and " Barnaby Lee" immediate
readers young and old
John Bennett has never visited England"

^

and

Feeding

Prof. Henry's Great Book for
li < and Stockmen,

vered anywhere for - - ^2.00
With the SOUTHERN PLANTER, 2.26

Your money back

If you are not satisfied

DO YOU SUPPOSE that a company with a capital of $500,000.00, paid In full, and the
pioud reputation of 36 years of continuous success, would make such an otter and not cuttj
It out to the letter?

DO YOU SUPPOSE we would jeopardize our standine with the public and our chances
of still greater success by failing to fulHl any promise we make ?

DO YOU SUPPOSE we would make such an otter if we did not have the utmost confi-
dence in the satisfying quality of our goods ?

WE KNOW we can please you and save you money, for HAYNER WHISKEY goes
direct from our distillery to you, with all its oriirtnal richness and flavor, carrying a UNITED
STATES REGISTERED DISTILLER'S GUARANTEE of PURITY and AGE and saving
you the big profits of the dealers. That's why it's best for medicinal purposes. That's why
it's preferred for other uses. That's why we are regularly supplyine over a quarter of a
million satisfied customers. That's why YOU should try it

Direct from our distillery to YOU

Saves Dealers' Profits I Prevents Adulteration !

HAYNER WHISKEY

PURE SEVEM-VEAR-OLD RYE

4 FULL $0:20 EXPRESS
QUARTS O PREPAID

We will send you FOUR FTTLL QUARTS of HAYNER'S SEVEN-YEAR-
OLD RYE for $3.20, and we will pay the express charges. When you receive
the whiskey, try it and if you don't find it all right and as good as you ever
drank or can buy from any body else at any price, then send it back at our
expense and your $3.20 will be returned to you by next mail. How could
an offer be fairer? We take all the risk and stand all the expense. If
the goods do not please you. Won't you let us send you a trial order? We
ship in a plain sealed case; no marks to show what's inside.

Orders for Ariz., Cal.. C!ol., Idaho. Mont. Nev., N. Mex.. Ore.. Utah. Wash,
or Wvo.. must be on the basis of 4 Ooarts for »4.00 bv Express
Prepaid or !tO Quarts for S16.00 by Freiglit Prepaid.

Write our nearest office and do it NOW.

THE HAYNER DISTILLING COMPANY

ATUNTA' 6A. DAYTON, OHIO ST. LUUIS, MO. ST. PAUL, MINN.

1S6 DISTILLEBY. TBOT, O. ESTABLISHED 1860.

ers of j»

5WN J

Mauufacturer* of

THE CROW
CRESCENT
AND WATT
AND HEPAIHS FOB PLOWS IN GENERAL USE.

Dealers in AQRIGULTUR&L IMPLEMENTS, MACHINERY AND VEHICLES,

No 13 South Fifteenth Street, RId-IMOND VA

BETWEEN MAIN AND GARY STS., lA I ^rf PI ITI <>i/ l>l 1/ j » n.

TO THE PUBLIC: My connection with the corporation known as the Watt Plow Co. has
been i-evered, and the manufacturing of tbe CKOWN. CRESCKNT and W.\TT Plows, and
repairs for same. Is now conducted solely by THE CALL-WAIT CO.. of which I am general
manager. The new Arm bi-lng owner of all patterns for the.'.e plows, the trade-names which
are duly reRistercd under the tiade mark laws, and hiiving purchased from The Watt Plow Co.
their entire stock ol said plows and repairs, is prepared to furnish same promptly, and on
liberal terms.

In addition to these special plows, we hope to nupply the trade with the various plows
and castings now In general use; also. .AGRICULTURAL IMPLEMENTS. M.ACHINERY,
VEHICLK.S and HARNESS for all purposes. All articles are guaranteed to be strictly as
represented.

I take this r>ccasion to tender my thanks to all my old f lends whose patronage has been
bestowed upon me during the thirty yejirs in which 1 have been engaged in the raanufactur*
and 8*le of Agricultural Implements In this city, and solicit a couilnunnce of their favors with
the new firm. They and the public generally are assured that ail business entrusted to me will
receive careful and prompt attention. M \NFRE1) C.M.L,

Manager, The Call- Watt Co,

1903. J

THE 80UTHEEN PLA_NTBB.

75

If You Want

YOUR GOOSE TO LAY
"THAT GOLDEN EGG'

FEED HER PROPERLY.

I mean buy your supplies right. You should lay aside a few Gold Pieces
yourself, you might ask how it can be done— easy, dead easy— stop paying
high, country prices. The mail comes to your home six times a week, I car
get a letter from you every day.

6ET MY PRICES, I WILL BE GLAD TO MAIL YOU OR YOUR FRIENDS

MY PRICES EVERY NIGHT.

The railroads almost pass your house. Uncle Sam spends millions yearly
to give you mail and railroad accomodations. You need not come to town,
let Uncle Sam do your shopping. He can knock the spots out of you in
buying— just try him. No matter how small your order I will be glad to have
it and ship promptly. Here is what your groceries will cost you

/^^^ JUST ONE-HALF WHAT YOU ARE NOW PAYING,.^^s2v

Arbuckle'a Green Coffee 9i

Granulated Sugar ih

Best Family Flour 4 25

Byrd Island — have no other.

10,000 lbs. Nice Family Pork 9

7 Boxes Axle Grease 25

800 Bbls. White Oil 12

1,000 Bushels Seed Rye 68

600 Tons Fine Timothy Hay, hun-
dred 75

300 Tons Choice Clover Hay, hun-
dred 70

10 Large Cakes Fancy Soap 25

C r y 8 ta 1 Washing Soda, Light,
Smooth, and Durable, makes

Washing Easy 30

Washing Powders, 8 for 25

Fine Gun Powder Tea 40

Ben Mocha and Java Coffee Roasted 18
Large Fat Mackerel in Nice Buck-
ets or Kits, about 15 lbs 1 25

New River Herrings, 750 fish in the

barrel, Large and Fat ." 5 50

New Cut Herrings, barrel 5 50

Finest Cream Cheese 15

Baker's Chocolate — 2 Cakes 25

New Table Raisins— 6 Lbs 60

Fine French Candy 8

Pure Lard gj

610 Tons Pure City Made Shipstuff,

hundred \ Oo

Cotton-Seed Meal, Nothing Finer.
510 Tons Cotton-Seed Hulls— an ex-
cellent Winter Food, Cheap and

Nutritious, per hundred .... 50

This is as good as Coarse Meal for
stock.
60,000 lbs. Rock Salt for Stock— try
a bag, keep it in the Trough, im-
proves Stock very much, $1.00 for
100 lbs.

Chalmer's Gelatine, 3 for 25

Seedless Raisins in Packages 9

Cleaned Currants, per lb 8

New Citron for Fruit Cake 12

Home Made Mince Meat 8

1011,000 lbs. New Mixed Nuts 11

Virginia Hams, Choicest of Meat. I
have a Nice Lot of Hams Made

in Smithfield, Va 14

Fine Sweet Cider, per gallon 20

Home-Made Black Berry Brandy, 5
years old and nice.

Family Tonic, quart 20

Northampton Anple Brandy, 6 years
old— pure — Apple Juice— nothing

finer made— gallon 2 00

Clemmer's Fine Old Mountain Rye
Whiskey, double distilled, sweet

and wholesome, quart 40

Juniper Gin, sure cure for bladder
and kidney troubles ; relieves the
cutting, stinging ache in your back,
quart 45

I Gibson's Fine Old Rye Whiskey ; fit
for a king, get a quart 75

' O'Grady's Pure Malt. Try a bottle
of Malt for that hacking cough. It
is a sure cure. It is good for dys-
pepsia. Indigestion it cures at
sight. Warms the inner man;
makes new rich blood, and stimu-
lates the whole system. It has
saved many and many a man and
his family. 75 a quart. The price
is insignificant compared to the
benefit it will do you.

Country Cured Bacon Sides 13}

100,000 bushels finest Oats 40,

60,000 bushels fine Corn 66

Water-ground Corn Meal, made of
the finest White Corn, and ground
by one of the finest mills in Vir-
ginia. Bushel 72

I have everything that is required
by a farmer from a 1.000 acre farm
to a mouse trap. Write for my
price list that will give you more
information than a gossiping
woman.

Clover Seed, prime Crimson Clover
Seed 2 90

Choice Crimson New-Ciop Clover
Seed _ 4 26

Fine Winter Turf Oats (seed) 76

Prime Winter Seed Oats 60

I have an immese stock of NEW YEARS' GOODS, CAKES, CANDIES.
FRUITS of all kinds, and I will ship any quantity required.

D. O'SULLIVAN, Eighteenth and Main Sts., Richmond, Va.

76

THE 80UTHEEN PLAlTrBR

[January

bat his quaintly delightful ''Master Sky-
lark" is on tile in the reference library at
Stratford on Avon, and devout Shakes-
peare pilgrims use it as a guide book.

The Review of Reviews begins a new
Tolume with one of its characteristic
numbers— a publication that could never
by any possibility be mistaken for any
other magazine in the world — 128 pages
as fiill of real "news" as the morning pa-
per and y«-t as solid and well considered
as the best of the foreign quarterlies.
Venezuela is very much at the front at
the opening of the New Year, and the
Review not ocly gives space to a valuable
editorial discussion of the British and
German claims and the proposed modea
of adjustment, but opens its pages to a
full presentation of the case of the pow-
ers against the little South American
State, as set forth by Mr. A. Maurice
Low, a well-informed Washington jour-
nalist. The '-man of the month" in in-
ternational affairs is our Minister to Ven-
eiuela, Mr. Herbert W. Bowen. A char-
acter sketch of this typical diplomat of
the American school, written, it is un-
derstood, by an intimate perponal ac-
quaintance, forms a noteworthy feature
of the January Review. Ainong the
subjects engaging the attention of Con-
gress, hardly one can be named that is
more important in its bearings on the
public welfare than the question of pro-
tecting the grazing lands of the West,
from which comes the nnional meat
supply. This is the theme of the author-
itative and judicious article from the pen
of Dr. E. Benj»min Andrews, who has
made a special study of the Western cat-
tle situation. Dr. Andrews' article ia ac-
companied by an exhaustive inquiry
into the present advance in beef prices
by Mr. Fred. C. Croxton, of the National
Department of Labor. Another of the
problems before Congress— that of the
currency— is clearly outlined in a paper
by Charles A. Conant describing the ex-
pedient* recently resorted to bv the
Treasury to relieve the stringency in
the money market. The rural' free
delivery service, the advantages of which
were emphasized in President Ronse-
velt's message to Congress, is the subject
of an illustrated aniule by Dav Allen
Wiliey.

THE TOBACCO MARKET.
Editor Southern Planter:

Our market will open up on Tuesday
the 6th, and we look for good prices. No
doubt it will tie a good time to sell, as our
buyers will want stock to begin work on
Receipts will be light, and we are in-
clined to think it will be advisable to sell
what you have ready during the week,
as receipts will be heavy again as soon
as we have a good season.

We will be in a better fix than ever
to handle your crop, having secured the
services of Mr. A. 0. Davis, of Wilson,
N. C, ai auctioneer, who is the best auc-
tioneer to be found in the trade. We
want you to come and hear him and
judge for yourfelf. We believe he can
put more life in the sale and get you bet-
ter prices for your tobacco.

Silas Shelbubme & Bon.

A CHANCE FOR THE NEEDY.

We wish to state to readers of this magazine and the
public generally, that owing to the warm weather we have
h3d this Fall, we were unable to dispose of our Stoves and
Heaters which we bought in large quantities.

In order to reduce our stock, we are offering all

STOVES AND HEATERS

At greatly reduced prices.

if you intend coming to the city before the holidays, it
will pay you to see us before leaving, and if you cannot
come, drop us a postal and we will be glad to quote you prices.

Our stock of

FURNITURE, MATTINGS, OIL CLOTH,

PICTURES, SEWING MACHINES,

and everything for HOUSEKEEPING is complete and prices
LOWER THAN THE LOWEST.

Bear in mind the name and number,

M. ROSENBLOOM & SON, The Mail order House,

1536 E. Main Street, Adjoining: New Main Street Depot, RICHMOND, VA.

jfeitaiHfcMikJ

HowareYourEyes?

We are the largest optical establishment South, and give proper adjustment
of SPECTACLES and EYE GLASSE-. Completf- manufacturing plant on the
premises. Mail us the pieces and we will from them duplicate your Glasses.
Glasses bv mail our specialty.

lOurPHSIODlPMMlllT

is also complete with CAMERAS, KO-
DAKS and PHOTO SUPPLIES. De-
veloping and printing linely executed.

Oarlineof QRAPHOPHONES, with latest recorda. OPER-^ QLASSES.
FIELD GLASSES, Incubator and Dairy THEREnonETERS, etc, etc., is
also complete Lowest charges in all cases.

«

« THE S. GILESKI OPTIGl CO., Stii and Main Sts., Richmiind, Va.

I DO YOtTR TFIA.DING.. I

Z Where an establlshvd repuutlon warrant* continued confidence. The name of V

A LUMSOENonanytblnglu tbeJEWELRY or SIL«tlW*IIE UnelsasTAifDABD of m

A aUALITT. •

I FINE COLD AND DIAMOND JEWELRY,

I STERLING SILVERWARE AND CUT CLASS.

A SIX SOLID STERLIN6 SILVER TEA SPOONS, $8.40. Write for our cataloeue, H

A coutAlus mau7 articles on whlcb we can save .vou money. m

I C. LUMSDEN & SON, Established 1835, 731 E. Main St., Richmond, Va. f

AtftfJMI^AAA AAAAAAtfMI e£^A AtfMt^ C££A Adktf^tflAAAA Atft££ AAA£ I^AAA^A^^bB

1903.J

THE SOUTHERN PLANTEB.

77

IVANHOE POULTRY YARDS ^—

Breeders of

^ Exhibition Barred
Plymouth RocI<s

ENGLISH CARRIERS AND HOMING PIGEONS.

For information, address

Ivanhoe Poultry Yards, Box 258, Richmond, va.

THE RICHMSND PLUMBING
AND MANTEL CO.,

26 N. Ninth Strett, RICHMOND, VA.,

Has just received
an entirely new
Stock and com-
plete line of

STOVES, RANGES, FURNACES,

MANTELS, GAS and ELECTRIC

FIXTURES, FILTERS, TILING and

FIRE-PLACE TRIMMINGS.

We are contractors for

PLUMBINS, TINNING, SHEET-METAL
K and ELECTRIC WIRING.

Correspondence Solicited.
CALL AND INSPECT OUR 5HOW.R0OAIS.

n

THE SOUTHERN PLANTER

[January

The roUowlng list of papers and periodicals
ue tbe most popular ones In this section.
We can SAVE YOU MONEY on whatever
lonmal yon wish.

LIA IlilPfl. pR,oe WITH

ALONE. PLANTBR-

Tbe Dispatch. Richmond, Va 1 3 00 5 3 00

g 00 3 00
600 eoo

nie Times, " "

The Post, Washington, D. O

8EMI-WEEJCL1KB.

The Dispatch, Richmond, Va

The World (thrlce-a-week), N. Y....

1 OO

WEEKLIES.

Harper's Weekly „ i UO

Bazaar 1 00

Montgomery Advertiser 1 00

Nashville American 50

The Baltimore Sun „ _ 1 00

Breeder's Gazette „ _ 2 00

Hoard's Dairyman „ „ 1 00

Oonntry Qentleman. „ 1 50

The Times, Richmond, Va 80

Bellgloas Herald, Richmond, Va.... 2 00
Central Presbyterian, " " ... 2 00

Christian Advocate, ■' " ... 1 60

Turf. Field and Farm „ 4 00

Spirit of the Times 4 00

Horseman 8 00

SEMI-MONTHLIES.

Wool Markets and Sheep.. 60

Dairy and Creamery 50

Oomraerclal Poultry 50

All three 1 60

MONTHLIES.

North American Review 6 00

The Century Magazine 4 00

Bt Nicholas " 8 OO

260
4 00
300
300
1 00

, 1 CO
1 00
1 00

. 1 25
I 00
1 00

1 25
1 25

4 00
I 40
1 00
75
I 8i
175
1 85

1 76
80

2 25
250
I 75
400
400
800

106
1 35

lilpplncott's "

Harper's " ,

Forum "

Borlbner's "

Frank Leslies " „..

Cosmopolitan "

BJverybody's "

Munsey "

Strand "

McClure'B "

Puritan "

Bevlew of Reviews 2 50 2 75

X^elsure Hours.„ 1 00 IK

Blooded Stock _ 60 50

Where yon desire to subscribe to two or more
of tbe publications named, you can arrive at
the net subscription price by deducting 50
cents from " onr price with the Planter." II
you desire to subscribe to any other publica
tlons not listed here, write us and we will
cheerfully quote clubbing or net subscription
rates.

Subscribers whose time does not expire
until later can take advantage of our club
rotes, and have tbelr subscription advanced
one year from date of expiration of their
■Qbscrlptlon to either tbe Planter or any of
tbe other publications mentioned.

Don't hesitate to write us for any Informa-
tion desired ; we will cheerfully answer any
eorrespondenoe.

We furnish no tampU eopietot otbar perl.
oCUoaU.

Seed House of tbe South.

TIMOTHT.

BVCKWHEAT.
OATS and
CANE BEKD.

"Whatsoever One Sowelh, That Shall He Reap."

We seU strictly reliable FIEIiD AXD GARDEN SEEDS wt

every variety at liOwest Market rates, Incladed In wblcta

are RAGIiAJHTD'S PEDIGREE TOBAC€0 SEEDS.

.we ALSO SBLL

Our Ojxrn Brands of Fertilizers

For Tobacco, Corn. Wheat. Potatoes, &c.

Pare Raw-Bone Meal, Nova Scotia and Tirginia Plaster anA

Fertilizing Materials generally.

Parties wiabing to purchase will find it to their interest to price onr gooda
Samples sent by mail when desired.

Wm. A. Miller & Son, #

IOI6Main Street
LYNCHBURG, VA.

Headquarters for
Nursery Stock.

We make a specialty of handling dealers' orders.

ALL STOCK TRUE TO NAME.

Apples,

Pears,

Peach,

Plum,

Apricots,

Nectarines, Pecans, Ornamental and

Cherry, Chestnuts, Shade Trees,

Quinces, Walnuts, Evergreens,

Almonds, Small Fruits, Roses, Etc.

CALIFORNIA PRIVET, for Hedging.

WRITE FOR CATALOGUE.

..AQENTS WANTED..

FRANKLIN DAVIS NURSERY Co.,

B€#6feCCC<IC<

Baltimore, Md. <

1903. 1

THE BOTJTHBEN PLANTEB.

79

WHY USE DANGEROUS BARB WIRE

WHEN AN " -*®=— ^^'^™-

AHRACTIVE WOVEN
WIRE FENCE

CAN BE BOUGHT AT EVEN
LESS COST?

THE AMERICAN FIELD FENCING is made in many heights and styles for
turning the smallest to the largest animal. Write for special catalogue and prices.

PEA HULLERS* — it win pay to inspect the " STAR."
Will hull and clean from 10 to 15 bushels of peas every hour.

DISC HARR O WSb — send for special catalogue of
the " THOMAS," lightest draft and strongest harrow made.

OHIO FEED AND ENSILAGE
CUTTER.

For hand or power. The strongest, simplest and best made.
Write for prices, catalogues and testimonials.

THE IDEAL FEED MILL AND
POWER COMBINED

Has no equal for grinding shelled grain, corn and cob into excellent feed. The '
Horse-Power is very useful for lunning other machinery as well. A full line of
mills for horse and steam power.

THE No. 19 IDEAL MILL

For one horse. A very useful size for small farms. Price, $15.00.

PLOWS. — Try an "Imperial" and you will not want any other. It is admitted by all who have uaed

it to be the best in the world.

'WCRIMPED STEEL ROOFING

Made in lengths of from 5 to 10 feet. The most economical roof for
barns and all out houses.

■ A N N I N C M I L LS. — We can strongly recommend the
" LYONS " for cleaning any kind of grain or grass seed. Does its work clean,
and praised by every one who has used it.

If you are needing a wagon, try a " BIRDS£IiIi " with steel skeins, and be convinced there is none better made.
All irons used are either wrought or steel. The price too is very reasonable.

The finest and largest stock of BUGGIES, CARRIAGES, HARNESS and SADDLES in the South.

Write for special catalogue.

EVERYTHING THE FARM NEEDS WE CAN SUPPLY, AND THAT AT A CLOSE PRICE.

THE IMPLEMENT CO., 1302 and 1304 E. Main St., Richmond, Va.

80

THE 80UTHEEN PLANTEK.

[January

JOHN KERR BRANCH, Vice-President.

JOHN K. GLENN. Cashier.

JOHN P. BRANCH. President.

fJnhnP Brunch, Fred. W. ficott, C, S. Stringfellow, A. H, Biiford. John Kerr Branch, J.P.George. Thos. B. Hcott,

DIRECTORS. I 3 yy Branch, B. B. Munford, Jan. H. Uuoley, Alex. HamUton, R. C. Morton, S. T. Morgan, A. Plizlnl. Jr

CAPITAL STOCK, $200,000 00

Surplus and Profits. $600, coo. oo

MERGHAMTS NATIONAL BANK, RUhmond, Va.

UNITED STATES, STATE, CITY DEPOSITORY.
Comparative Statements for the Following Years.

ASSETS.

June 80, 1877.

June 30, 1882.

June 80, I8S7.

June 30, 1892.

June 30. 1897.

June 30, 1902.

»310,427 34
1.886 50
2,2.50 10
50,0^00
S.pOO (K)
2.5 4.55 30
94.342 11

S6(>4.880 05

1,82.5 42

11 800 00

20O.UU0 0O

23 .501 49"

152.616 15

t464.«6« 32
60.000 00
9.1100 00
700.00" 00
80.(X)0 00
6K 2(IS 0«
119,724 83

11,161 8.36 11

69.1:« 77

9.(100 00

4210(10 00

.34.000 no

69 B.36 21
48S.<>Stl 32

$1,12.5,610 04
83 ffl6 117
9 010 00
400 LI2 00
S:t..5.53 55
174 076 44
785.187 42

$1,284 060 45

74.088 34

10,000 00

961.260 00

22 763 48

686,430 48

1,023..506 10

S489,361 25

«1,054,823 11

11,559,599 15

12,249,767 41

$2,610,775 52

$4,082,108 85

LIABILITIES.

CLOSE OF BUSINESS ON June .30. 1877. June 30, 1882. June 30. 1887. Jnnr SO, 1892. June 30, 1897. June SO, 1902

Capital Stock

Surplus and undivided Profits..

$200,000 00

15.149 40

45 000 00

226.711 85

2.500 00

8200,000 00
5rt..5.51 Si
180 (HIO (10
618,071 79

(200,000 00
105.B76 K5
180 000 00

1,073,922 30

8200 000 00
186.7.58 68
ITT.WX) 00

1,685,108 78

8200 000 80
■m l:« 87
176 4011 (10

1,957,242 65

$200 000 00

588 017 55

200 Olio 00

8.074.091 30

BUSINESS Paper Discounted for Customers on Favorable Terms.

A 8D«clalty made of collections In Vlrjlnla, West Virginia, Kentnrky, Tennesee. and Norlh Oirollna. Dally and dtrpct oommunlcatloa

with over three-fourths of the baakirg pDlnts (n VlrKini^. Bcini; the lareest 'l-pository for bank* between Bultlmore and New

Orleans, tbU bank offers superior facilities fur direct and quick collv tlons.

INTERHST PAID ON DBPOSITS BY AOaEsM»NT.

CORRESPONDENCE SOLICITED. WE WOULD LIKE TO HAVE YOUR BUSINESS.

GONTENTS.

FARM MANAGEMENT :

Editorial— 1903 1

Work for the Month 3

Random I^T?8 ^ - •• 4

Fertilizers do Not Replace Tillage 6

Enquirer's Column (Detail Index, page 41) 6

TRDCKING, GARDEN AND ORCHARD:

Editorial— Work for the Month '. 8

Garden and Orchard Notes 8

Virginia State Horticultural Society 10

Pecans in Virginia - 11

Nut-Growing in Virginia _ 11

LIVE STOCK AND DAIRY :

The Dairy Breeds of Cattle 12

The DualPiirpose Brteds of Cattle, 17

Special Beef Breeds for Southern Farmers' 22

Foot and Mouth Disease in Cattle 27

Breeds of Hheep for the South 28

Deron Cattle 32

The Brood Sow 33

THE POULTRY YARD :
Feeding Experiments

36

THE HORSE:

Hackneys Sti!! in Demand 38

Notes ., 38

Seeding Grass 37

MISCELLANEOUS:

Editorial — Fence Laws in Virginia 38

Irrigation 33

Irrigation Problems in Virginia 39

Irrigation 40

Editorial — Our Illustrations 40

The International Stock bhow, Chicago, 1903 _ 40

Publisher's Notks 41

Advektisembnts 41

The Southern Planter.

DEVOTED TO

PRACTICAL AND PROGRESSIVE AGRICULTURE, HORTICULTURE,
TRUCKING, LIVE STOCK AND THE FIRESIDE.

Agriculture U the nursing mother of the Arts.—XENOPHON.
Tillage and pasturage are the two breasts of the State."SULLY.

64th Year.

Richmond, February, 1903.

No. 2.

Farm Management.

WORK FOR THE MONTH.

At the opening of a new crop year it may be of in-
terest and advantage that we review what was done
in the way of crop production in the Southern States
during the year just ended. Lessons may be learnt
from a consideration of this question which may re
suit in much benefit, and a comparison of these results
with what has been done elsewhere may lead to efforts
for greater results in the future. The past year, it may
be remarked, was in the South, on the whole, a fairly
normal one, so far as weather and climatic conditions
were concerned, except in respect to the wheat and
winter oat crops which suffered severely from very
late seeding in the fall of 1901, owing to the wet con-
dition of the land and also from severe weather in the
early winter. The area planted in corn in Virginia
In 1902 was 1,879,348 acres ; the yield per acre was
22 bushels ; the crop produced was 41,345,656 bushels
of the Talue of $21,499, 741. The area planted in corn
in North Carolina was 2,706,682 acres ; the yield per
acre was 13 bushels ; the crop produced was 37,622,880
bushels of the value of $22, 573, 728. The area planted
to corn in South Carolina was 1,825,837 acres; the
yield per acre was 10 bushels ; the crop produced was
18,988,705 bushels of the value of $13,102,206. The
area planted in corn in Maryland was 628,982 acres ;
the yield per acre was 32 bushels ; the crop produced
was 20,379,017 bushels of the value of $10,393,299.
In Tennessee the area planted in corn was 3,337,047
acres ; the yield per acre was 21 bushels ; the crop

produced was 73,081,329 bushels of the value of
$34,348,225. The wheat crop of Virginia was grown on
637,806 acres ; the yield per acre was 5 bushels ; the
crop produced was 3,635,494 bushels of the value of
$2,872,049. In North Carolina the wheat crop was
grown on 867,558 acres ; the yield per acre was a little
over 5 bushels ; the crop produced was 3,055,757 bush-
els of the value of $2,811,296. In South Carolina the
wheat crop was grown on 267,673 acres ; the yield per
acre was 5 bushels ; the crop produced was 1,495,969
bushels of the value of $1,528,948. In Maryland the
wheat crop was grown on 757,000 acres ; the yield per
acre was 14 bushels ; the crop produced was 11,129,223
bushels of the value of $8,013,041. In Tennessee the
crop of wheat was grown on 840,381 acres ; the yield
per acre was 7 bushels and the crop produced was
6,050,743 bushels of the value of $4,598,565. In Vir-
ginia the oat crop was produced on 222,074 acres ; the
yield per acre was 17 bushels ; the crop produced was
3,886,295 bushels «f the value of $1,632,244. In North
Carolina the oat crop was produced on 238,143 acres ;
the yield was 12 bushels per acre ; the crop produced
was 3,024,416 bushels of the value of $1,542,452. In
South Carolina the oat crop was grown on 216,541
acres ; the yield per acre was 13 bushels ; the crop
produced was 2, 836, 687 bushels of the value of $1, 673, -
645. In Maryland the oat crop was grown on 42,132
acres ; the yield per acre was 26 bushels ; the crop pro-
duced was 1,124,924 bushels of the value of $427,471.
In Tennessee the oat crop was grown on 180,071

82

THB 80TJTHKRN PLAHTEE.

[February

acres ; the yield per acre was 17 bushels : the crop
produced was 3,219,028 bushels of the value of
$1,351,092.

When we come to compare the yields of these cereal
crops with the production of the like crops la other
States north and west, we find that not only do these
Southern States fall in nearly all casf s much below
the average for the whole of the United States, but
very seriously below the yield per acre in other States
not nearly so naturally well situated for the produc-
tion of the crop. Take for example the New Englaod
States in the matter of corn. There the yield runs
from 21 to 31 bushels per acre. In Pennsylvania the
yield was 36 bushels per acre, whilst in the great corn
belt of the West the yield runs up as high as 39 bash
els to the acre. Again, take wheat. Whilst the aver
age for the United States was 14 bushels per acre here
we only made 5 bushels, this being the lowest vield
made in the South for many years, and about half the
usual average. The average yield of oats in the United
States was 34 bushels to the acre. Here we made less
than half that yield. Surely such a showing as these
crops make cannot be regarded with satisfaction by
our people. There is no reason whatever, either in
climatic or soil conditions, why the production of all
these staple cereal crops should in the South fall so j
much below the average of the country and so greatly
below that of other States not nearly so well situated.
The great underlying cause for this bad showing is
poor preparation of the land before seeding, and in the
case of the corn crop careless, inadequate cultivation
after planting. Sufficient effort is not made to secure
deep, well broken land, capable of conserving the
rainfall and moisture so much needed, especially in
the South, nor is adequate consideration given to the
necessity for filling our soils with vegetable matter —
(humus). Many Southern farmers insist that the
small yields of cereals here cannot be avoided on land
which has been so long under cultivation as Southern
lands have. That this conclusion is erroneous is shown
by the average yields of the cereal crops in England,
where the land has been under cultivation hundreds
of years longer than in the South. The average yield
of wheat in England was last year nearly 34 bushels
to the acre, and for the last ten years the average is
nearly 31 bushels per acre. The average yield of oats
there last year was nearly 44 bushels per acre, and for
10 years nearly 40 bushels to the acre. Corn is not
grown in that country, and therefore cannot be com
pared. It is time for the Southern farmers to take
this matter of crop yield per acre into serious consid-
eration with the determination that such paltry yields
as are now made shall cease. There can be no profit
in producing 20 bushels of corn or 5 or even 14 bush-
els of wheat, or 17 bushels of oats to the acre. What

is needed at the least is to double the yield per acre
and this will be soonest brought about by halving the
acreage planted or sown and giving the reduced area
the extra working and cultivation which in the past
has been expended on the larger area, and by p'anting
leguminous crops on the abandoned area and feeding
these to stock to make manure to feed the reduced
area and make it rich and productive. The crop sta-
tistics issued by the Department of Agriculture, from
which we have quoted the foregoing figures, in one
particular refute strongly the commonly current idea
that the South is not a section adapted to the produc-
tion of hay. These show that "Virginia devoted last
year 472,913 acres of land to the production of hay
and that the average yield per acre was 1.06 tons, pro-
ducing a total crop of .501 2SS tons of the value of
86,807,491. In North Carolina the average yield of
hay per acre was nearly 1* tons. In South Carolina
the average yield was nearly li tons per acre. The
average production of hay over the whole country
was only 1* tons per acre. In New York State, which
grows the largest acreage of hay of any State in the
Union, the average production was only H tons per
acre. In this respect, therefore, the South compares
favorably with the rest of the country, and this fact
should iaduce greater attention to this crop, which is
one which conserves the fertility of the land, renders
possible the keeping of a greater head of live stock,
and thus provides the means for producing heavier
crops without recourse to fertilizers. It is a crop also
which is as readily salable, as corn on the market,
and with our ability to produce the heaviest forage
crops on the arable land, can often be wisely converted
into a sale crop and its place be taken in feeding stock
by the forage crops.

The production of tobacco in the South Atlantic
States last year was in Virginia 136,769,250 lbs. grown
on 182,259 acres. In North Carolina, 142,520,950 lbs.
grown on 219,263 acres. In South Carolina 25,625,408
lbs. grown on 34,912 acres, with a small acreage in
Georgia, Florida and two or three ether States.. The
value of the tobacco crop in Virginia is put at
$12,309,232, in North Carolina at $15,677,304, and in
South Carolina at $3,331,303. In Maryland the quan-
tity produced was 31,300,625 lbs. grown on 34,081
acres, and of the vaiue of $1,491,044. With the ex-
ception of Kentucky, which produced 257,755,200 lbs.
grown on 322,194 acres. North Carolina and Virginia
are the largest tobacco producing States in the conn-
try. The yield per acre, however, in these States is
much below that of the New England and other North-
ern tobacco- producing States. In Virginia, tha aver-
age yield per acre was 750 lbs., in North Carolina 650
lbs., in South Carolina 734 lbs. In the New England
States, the average yield runs from 1,500 to 1,800 lbs.

1903.J

THE 80UTHBKN PLANTEB

83

to the acre, whilst in Pennsjlvaniathe yield was 1,275
lbs , and in Wisconsin 1 340 lbs. to the acre. Much
of this difference in the j ield is no doubt to be ac-
counted for in the different types of tobacco grown in
the South, but there is, nevertheless, room for great
improvement in the yield per acre here. We have
known over 2,000 lbs. of tobacco to be grown on an
acre here on several occasions, and something much
nearer this figure than 750 lbs. ought to be grown of
the dark heavy shipping types which are so largely
produced in this State. The same cause lies largely
at the bottom of this deficient production as of the de-
ficient production of the cereal crops, and the same
remedy should be applied. More intensive and less
exieimve farming.

The weather since the new j ear came in has been
quite seasonable. We have had severe frosts, but lit-
tle snow. We are always glad to have wintery weather
in January. It is needed for the beat interests of the
farm. Insect and fungous pests are very apt to be
come serious troubles during the period of crop pro-
duction unless we have sharp weather in January. If
we do not get winter in January in the South, we are
very apt not so get it at all, as the heat of the sun be
comes quite an important factor in February. With
sharp frosts in January, the ice crop can be seemed,
and this is quite an important feature in the South,
especially on dairy farms. This year good ice has been
secured right up to the Atlantic Seaboard. The frost
and wet condition of the land when not frozen has
put a stop to plowing, and it will take some little time
of dry warm winds to fit it again for the teams. The
long fine fall acd early winter gave abundant oppor-
tunity for fall and winter plowing, and very much
more land has been broken for crops than is often the
case. Where this work was properly done, there is
now a reserve of moisture in the ground, which, if
carefully conserved, will do much to meet the needs
of crops during the growing season. Land not al
jeady plowed should be given attention as soon as dry
enough to break, but do not be in too great a hurry.
Land plowed whea wet never makes a good sedbed,
however much it may be cultivated. Land already
plowed should not be allowed to dry out too much.
As soon as it is dry enough to harrow down freely,
put the harrows on it, and commence the preparation
of the sedbed. This will prevent the loss of moisture
from the subsoil and conserve the water for the crop.
It will also be the means of making available the in
ert plant food in the soil. Even in soils said to be
largely exhausted, there is always a great reserve of
mineral fertility, which can be made available for the
support of crops by frequent cultivation. Southern
farmers have been in the past very remiss in this re

spect. They will plow the land once and harrow once,
and then proceed to plant the crop either without fer-
tilizer or with just a small application, and then com- V
plain that the crop makes a poor yield. It cannot do ^
otherwise, because of the mechanical condition of the
toil. Even the fertilizer applied cannot be properly
or fully available for the crop under such conditions.
Experiments made in a numlier of States have shown
conclusively that it is possible to make a profitable
yield upon land said to be largely exhausted without
the application of any fertilizer by frequent and per
feet plowing and cultivation. Plowing too often fails
altogether to fulfil its proper function. Good plowing
is not merely the inversion of the surface soil — it is
the inversion and breaMng and mixing of the soil. It
is impossible for the fine hairlike root fibres, which
carry food to the plant to permeate and search out the
plant food in the soil where it is full of hard lumps.
The whole seed bed should be made as fine as possi-
ble, then these little fibres can thread their way in
and out of the interstices of the soil and appropriate
by the aid of moisture, the food elements always more
or less present. Another great purpose served in the
fine breaking of the soil by repeated plowing and cul-
tivation is that it permits of the free working and
multiplication of the soil microbes, uponiwhich large-
ly depends the fertility of all soils. A hard lumpy
soil is largely a dead soil, and a dead soil is an unpro-
ductive one. This necessity for microbic life in a soil
is largely a new discovery in agricultural science, but
the more fully it is investigated the^more important
appears to be its necessity. The^^presence of humus in
the soil and an alkaline conditicnjare found to be con.
ditions precedent to this active microbic life. Hence
the necessity for lime and leguminous ;; crops ;^in the
development of soil fertility. The; two^greatf factors
necessary to fertility are soil 'moisture^'and microbic
life, and these are both encouraged and maintained by
finely worked and brokan soil. Where it is intended
to apply mineral fertilizers to the*land, such as acid
phosphate and potash, these ingredients^^may be more
profitably applied nowthanjat thejtime of|seeding the
crops. Th«y require time to become available and
thoroughly assimilated with the^soil. a There need be
no fear of loss by leaching. Where^farm yard manure
is to be applied, it should be got on the! land at once
and be spread and worked into; the soil with harrow
and cultivator.

Get out all farm'^pen >ndjstable7 manure as it is
made, and spread it on sodlorjarable land. It had
much better leach out on 3the^ laud], than in the farm
yard. The leachings there ;will'noti be lost, as is too
often the case withjthose in^ the ^farmlyard. If grass
land, which is Intended to |be mown for hay be top-

84

THE 80UTHEBN PLAIJTER

[February

dressed with manure from the yard, which is an ex
oellent way in which to improve the soil, the manure
should be got out at once and be spread evenly on the
land. Afcer it has laid a week or two, run over the
land with a bush harrow and thus break the mauure
out finely and work it into the roots of the grass. Then
follow the bush with a horse rake, and thus get off
the long, strawy matter which, if left en, will mix with
the hay and spoil the sample.

It is too early yet to seed any crop, except Canada
peas and oats, in either Virginia or North Carolina.
Further South, oats may be sown after the middle of
the month. Canada peas and oats may be sown up to
the end of the month in Middle and Eastern Virginia
and North Carolina, and up to the middle of the month
of March in Piedmont and the mountain sections of
those States. This crop is better seeded in December
and January than in February, and we advised atten-
tion to it in those months. We have, however, known
good crops made seeded in February. It is a North
em climate crop, and reqi ires to complete its growth
before the hot weather sets in, or mUdew will destroy
it. Its value as an early forage crop for hogs, sheep
and cattle is great, and it also makes fine hay. Sow
li bushels of peas per acre, and plow them down or
put in deep with a drill ; they should have a cover of
at least four or five inches. Then sow broadcast three
quarters of a bushel of oats and harrow in. If the
land is poor, apply 300 lbs. of acid phosphate to the
acre and work in with the harrow. When the peas
and oate have commenced to grow freely, apply 75 to
100 lbs. of nitrate of soda to the acre aa a top-dress-
ing, and a vigorous g rowth will be assured. Where
the land is in fair fertility and has grown peas before
the nitrat« of soda will not be needed, as the peas
will soon be vigorous enough to secure their own
nitrogen from the atmosphere.

Grass and clover seed not seeded in the fall (which
Is the proper time all through the South, except in
the mountain sections) if a good stand is to be confi
dently expected, should be sown during this month
and in the first half of March. We have always ad
vised against sowing grass and clover with a grain
crop where a permanent stand of grass is desired; and
each year that passes only adds to our certainty that
we are right in this view. More money has been
wasted on clover and grass seed seeded with grain
than in almost any other way on the farm. The prac-
tice of 60 seeding was introduced from England, where
climatic conditions are so different from our own.
There, there is always an abundance of moisture in
the ground, and none of the hot, burning weather
which we have in the summer. Harvest time is much

late r, and thus the shading of the young grass and
clover is continued until the cool fall montts. Here,
lack of moisture in the land begins to be felt early in
the summer, and the grain crops matare and are cut
just at the time when the power of the sun is greatest
The result is, that the growth of the grass and clover
is weak and spindling, and it is laid bare to the burn-
ing sun just when it most needs protection. Thousands
of acres are thus lost every year. If seeded in the
fall, a much stronger root growth is secured before the
hot weather sets in, and the cutting of the grain may
not result so fatally; but our advice is, whether seed-
ing in fall or spring (but most certainly when seeding
in the spring), never to seed along with grain. The
grain crop is much more robust and quicker in growth
than the grass and clover, and is thus better able to
forage for support, and appropriates the moisture
which the small plants so greatly need. Instead of a
nurse crop, the grain crop becomes a robber crop, and
the grass and clover is a failure. When seeded alone,
the grass and clover is given a chance to secure what
it needs, and being unshaded, becomes robust and
hardy in growth and able to resist the power of the
sun and rarely fails to make a good stand if soil fer-
tility is sufficient; and if — and this is a great if^weeds
are not so numerous as to smother it out. Weeds will
beat even a grain crop in killing out a stand of graes
and clover. Never seed grass and clover on land full
of weed seed. It is only labor and seed wasted. If
land is clean, then sow from two to three bushels of
grass seed to the acre, with 10 or 12 lbs. of clover seed,
and a fair stand may be expected. We believe in
heavy seeding of grass. Our experience has con-
vinced us that only in this way can a satisfactory sod
be secured. The percentage of seed which is viable
and will grow, is in grass seed always much lower than
in the case of larger seeds, and much of that seeded
never comes to a mature plant. Even if it sprouts, a
large proportion has not vitality enough to resist un-
favorable conditions of weather and soil. Let the
land be well prepared and the seed bed be made aa
fine as possible before seeding, and do not spare ma-
nure and fertilizer. An application of 300 or 400 lbs.
of bone meal to the acre will always be found profit-
able when seeding to grass. It gives up its plant food
slowly, and thus the effect is long continued. After
seeding roll the land if it is dry enough to roll with-
out packing on the roller. This will do much to en-
sure quick germination. If a piece of land seeded
with grass or clover in the fall has failed to make a
good stand, this may be improved by harrowing
lightly and then reseeding with about a half seeding
of grass and clover, following with the roller. As to
the kind of grass to be seeded: For a permanent
meadow on good sound land, we would seed a mixture

IWS.]

THE SOUTHERN PLABTEB

S5

of Orchard Grass, Tall Meadow Oat Grass, Herds Grass
(Bed Top), and Meadow Fescue. On low, damp land,
we would seed Italian Rye Grass and Herds Grass —
adding in each case from 5 to 8 lbs. of red clover.
Timothy should be seeded alone. For a pasture, a
much greater variety of grasses is best, as they ma-
ture at differeat seasons and thus lengthen the season
of feeding. For this purpose sow on sound, loamy
soils Tall Meadow Oat Grass, Meadow Fescue, Virginia
Blue, Orchard, Pe ennial Eye, Red Top, and 2 or 3
lbs. of Red Clover. For moist bottom land, sow Red
Top (Herds grass), Italian Rye, Meadow Fescue,
Orchard Grass, Perennial Rye, and Alsike Clover.

Tobacco plant beds should be got ready and be
seeded as soon as possible. See that the land is well
burnt and all weed seeds destroyed and the surface
soil made fine and rich, so that the seed, when it ger
minates, may be able to grow off quickly. Select land
that is well filled with vegetable matter, se that it will
not crust and pack hard, and mind that provision is
made for drainage and for keeping the bed moist.
CJover with plant- bed muslin.

After deciding the location and area of the different
«rops to be grown, make out lists of the seeds and fer
tllizers required and give your orders to the merchants
at once, so that these articles may be on hand when
wanted. Do not have to wait and lose the best op-
portunity for putting in your crops from inability on
the part of the merchants to deliver goods just imme
■diately when ordered.

"JIANURE SAVING."

Editor Southern Planter :

By purchase we came onto a rather ancient and
much abused farm. Its barn was on the old-fash
loned plan of two log pens about 30 feetlsquare with
drive way through center under roof and a story
above.

A shed about 12 feet wide was built all the way
round and boxed up. After the first season's winter
feeding in the face of fast and frozen blasts, laden
frequently with sleet, snow and rain, we concluded
the thing was too open and friendly in its disposition
and that we would shut some m»re of the weather out.
So cracks on north, east and west sides were all bat
tened up tight, light studding was put up inside, cov
€red with building paper (this only cost 75 cents for

which had hitherto gone to waste on the dirt floor,
even in spite of a liberal use of bedding. One could
not read your paper long and continue to ignore the
saving of this moat available source of plant food for
the thin places in his land.

A thorough investigation of stall plans seemed to
indicate that the Van Norman would tuit us best.
With mill stuffs a cent and a quarter or half a pound,
and even hay nearly a dollar per cwt., it was estima-
ted to save its cost, extra over some of the simpler
sorts, in feed during a single season. What's lumber
here anyway . We bought two inch hard wood for these
floors and manure troughs at 50 cents per 100.

We find it almost impossible for a cow to waste a
particle of either bran or roughness out of these feed
troughs.

One shed on the south side of barn was taken up
by the feed alley running next to the log wall, thus
throwing all the droppings and walkway next the out-
side of barn. Through the outside of this shed we
cut holes about 18 inches wide and 3 feet long, one to
each two or three cows. The manure is thrown out
of these directly from the fork into a eecond leanto,
thus avoiding its handling twice and wheelbarrow
rolling. This addition is merely a light framework
running the full length of the barn or the south side
with shingle roof and sides looking very much like a
plank fence with the fence turned wrong side out. It
is handy to load manure from along side, and as the
manure thrown out is kept well covered with straw
and the sun shines into the shed nearly the whole
of a winter day, it makes a favorite place for the
Shorthorns to lounge around, basking In the sun-
shine.

A weekly sprinkling of dry dirt or Tennessee phos-
phate or gypsum prevents the escape of ammonia
whilst the tramping of other stock pacVs It down
after the tearing up of hogs hunting waste grain.
Heating Is thus avoided. The beneficent Influences of
dry dirt and sunlight are not fully appreciated by the
average farmer. We know from experience that stock
do better when given the freedom of covered yards
protected against north winds, and are of opinion that
a better quality of manure Is made thereby. Certainly
less water is uselessly loaded and hauled to the fields
than is the case when taken from manure cellars or
the stalls themselves. With all sorts of feed stuffs $1
per 100 pounds it is difficult to see much profit in
stock feeding without counting in the manure. This
is not unreasonable so long as we pay $20 per ton for
fertilizers. Manure carefully saved and wisely used

500 square feet), then ceiled with rough lumber up to

loft. Two heavy rolling doors were made to close will of itself pay a fair profit on the production of the

np the drive way from the north, each 13 feet wide. feed. The feeder's cash outlay for concentrated feeds

Having completed these cheap but most paying should be repaid otherwise,
mpro vements, we thought of all the liquid manure

' MAPLBHXmST.

86

THB 80UTHKBN PLASTEB.

[February

WHEAT GROWING.

SdHor Southern Planter :

In yonr November numbtr, under the head of "Farm
Management," yon say, "A crop of wheat that can be
well seen above ground before hard frosty weather seis
in will almost invariably make a better yield than one
which is two or three inches high at that time." This
does not agree with the opinion of most of the practi
cal farmers of this section. The aim is here to sow
as soon as can be done and avoid damage by the
"fly." There are gome farmers who are willing to
risk the fly in order to get their wheat in early, say
ing that late sowing has been more damaging than the
fly. This has been a very favorable fall on the wheat.
The land was or could be put in fine order, and the
rains have come In right quantity and not washing.
My neighbor, among many who sowed very early this
season, started his drill September 9th. Mine was
started September 22d. Both fields have a rank
growth. His has been well pastured and minegrazed
a little. There are those here who claim that wheat
pastured by sheep will yield four or five bushels more
per acre on ffood land. Still another successful farmer
says he does not think wheat should be pastured, that
he never saw any too rank in the fall. What I call a
rank growth is Irom 6 inches to 12 inches high, vary-
ing according to the lertility of the soil.

What you eay of a thorongh preparation of the soil
must be concurred in by every observing tiller of the
land, but my opinion is that this should apply to all
other crops. Tillage and clover is my motto In farm
ing.

We are all anxious to learn more, and we would like
to know, Mr. Editor, why you consider a short growth
of wheat in the fall better than a larger one which has
a chance to become well rooted before freezing weather
commences 1

Lexington, Va. P. M. W.

In leply to the foregoing we would say that the
opinion given was largely founded on personal expe
rieoce in wheat growing. We have vividly in remem-
berance a crop grown many years ago which so forci
bly impressed the lesson of too early sowing as to cure
us permanently of the habit. In that year we sowed
the first wheat on the 30th of September. We contin-
ued to sow as the laud was ready all through the
month of October, and finished seeding on the 5th of
November. At Christmas the wheat sown on the 30th
September was eo tall and rank as to completely hide
a hsre in the field. The wheat sown on the 5th of No
vember was nicely out of the ground — say 2 or 3 inches
high. The winter was not a very severe one, but
on the whole favorable for the crop. At harvest time
the difference between the earliest and latest seeded
crop was very marked. The earliest leeded had thou
sards of oars more per acre than the last seeded, but
these ears were small and badly filled, whilst the last
seeded were long and well filled. When thrashed the
last seeded made more than twice the yield per acre
of the early sown crop, and the quality of the grain
was very much superior. This has also been our ex-

perience in other years The effect of the early seed-
ing is to cause the wheat to spindle up and tiller too-
freely, thus inducing a weakly growth very apt to fall
down in wet weather and to stay down. The weak,
slender straw does not carry suflicient food to the ear
to make a good, plump long ear. Its root growth is
defective. Whilst, therefore, experience has convinced
us that reasonably late sowing is preferable to too early
seeding we desire not to be set down as advocates for
very late seeding. There is a proper time to seed, and
this we believe to be neither too soon nor too late. In
this section of the South we think October is the best
time, and not before the 10th of that month. We like
to have a sharp frost before we sted, and then we are
reasonably sure that we shall not suffer from the fly.
After the 10th of October there is plenty of time for
wheat on well prepared land to make all the growth
needed for it to go through the winter without serious
damage, and it will then start off in the spring vigor-
ously and with a strong root growth to maintain vig-
orous growth. There is considerable difference of opin-
ion as to the grazing of wheat. If the land be dry
and the crop has made a rapid fall growth we think
the practice one to be commended as tending to induce
root growth, but a weakly plant ought not to be
grazed. — Ed.

CLEANING UP WASTE LAND IN EASTERN
VIRGINIA.

Editor Southern Planter :

The longer I look around the more I become im-
pressed with the fact that I need advice by the
bushel.

There is a good deal of so called "waste land " on
this place. The slopes, bends, gullies and low lands
along acreek take up about 50 acres, including about
ten acres that were in cultivation up to a few years
ago. This ten acre patch I have plowed and sown to
rye (with fertilizer) for early pasture. I hope the
stock will leave enough standing so that I will not have
to sow it again next fall, and can keep it seeded by
plowing under what grain may be left over.

Part of the 50 acres is covered with tall grass,
among which young pines have grown up here and
there. I think this would make fair grazing by
burning the old grass and cutting down the few pines.

Part is grown .thickly with young pines. I pre-
sume there is nothing better to be done than to cut
these down and wait until the stumps rot.

Part — about ten acres — is grown up so thickly with
bushes and briers of all sorts that a dog can hardly
get through. I have been told that it will cost not
less than $10 per acre to clear this land. Is there no
other way than to grub out the bushes? If cut, will
not the stock keep down the young growth?

I have enclosed this 50 acres, together with 10 acres
of heavy wire grass, with twelve strand woven fence.
Nearly all of the sixty acres are fairly good clay soil.
Some places wash badly, and these I shall plant to

1903 J

THE 80TJTHBEN PLANTBE.

8T

wire gr£i88. Would plant wire grass all over but for
the fact that it lasts only for such a short season.
How would a mixture of native blue grass, red top
and fescue do for the wet places and timothy, orchard
grass, white clover, red top and, perhaps, a little Ken
tncky blue grass for the hillsides ?

If I can get a nice green sod on this waste land, I
shall consider it the most valuable part of the farm.
But I have other waste lands, little corners cut off by
ditches from the fields, river banks and corners of all
sorts, that are either too small or not conveniently lo
Gated to be attached to the pastures. The largest of
these patches may be five acres, others are only afrac
tion of an acre; some are grown up to weeds, others
to broom straw, others to scrub pines, and others to
timber that is of little or no value owing to location.
Some of this land is loam, some clay, and some gravel
or sand. These waste lands are unsightly, bring no
revenue, and add nothing to the value of the place.
I have been thinking of planting a few acres to cedars
to provide posts for the future, as I am clearing the
better located woods for fields. Would it be advisable
to plant young fruit trees, such as stacdard varieties
of apples, plums and cherries ? I might manage to
give them one or two cultivations for a few years, but
could not give much care to the trees. There are prob
ably over 30 acres of corners on the place that are not
easily accessible with wagons and machinery or acces
sible only during the dry months. I would like to
put this land to some moderately profitable use. Tbej
are now eyesores and harbors for all sorts of vermin.

Sanover Co.,Va. "Greenhorn."

The work of cleaning up the odd waste patches and
corners on a farm is one that is much too often neg-
lected. Even if the direct profit resulting from the
utilization of the land is not large, there is an indirect
profit which is a large one. The attractiveness of the
place is enhanced and value is added to it in the eyes
of a prospective bujer. As breeding places for insect
pests and fungoid diseases, and as nurseries for the
growth and perpetuation of weeds, they are sources o(
never ending loss on the farm until cleaned up. We
are thertfore heartily in sympathy with our carres
pondent in his effort to get rid of these places on his
farm. Wherever these places are covered with pines
and other forest growth, not of snflScientvalueto make
lumber, these should be cut down in the summer-, aijd
the stumps will then rot out in a couple of years.
Where there is a heavy growth of reeds and coarse
grass, these should be burnt off in the early spring,
and if the patch is not large enough to cultivate in an
arable crop, then Japan clover should be sown on it
at the rate of 12 pounds to the acre. This will grow
up with the grass, and in the end cover all the plot,
and at the same time improve the laud and fit it to
carry a better sod. This clover will make only graz
ing in this section, but will be found a great addition
in that respect, and will continually reseed itself.
Where the patch is large enough and the soil good
enough to carry a grass sod, we would break it with a

small harrow or cultivator, and the damp low ljing\
places we would seed with red top (herds grass), \
meadow fescue, peiennial rye and meadow grass. The
drier land we would setd in the same way with or-
chard grass, tall mea(?owoat grass, Virginia blue grass
and red fescue. Bermuda grass (wire grass) will also
do well on the drier land and keep green in the hot-
test weather. If along with the Bermuda grass some
Virginia blue grass, meadow fescue and perennial rye
grass was sown, it would help to make a winter pas-
ture. We could not advise the planting of fruit trees
on these low lying lands, as the chance of a crop would
be very doubtful. Frost is always more destructive
to fruit blosEom on these low Ijing lands than on the
hillsides. The cold cunents of air are there stagna-
ted, and even late blooming varieties are made un-
fruitful. Besides, fruit grown in such places never
keeps well. The idea of growing cedars for fence posts
on part of the lots is one worth considering. We would
suggest the growing of ca alpa trees on part of the lots
for the same purpose. Several of the large railroad
companies are now planting thousands of acres in ca-
talpa for ties and fencing purposes. The tree grows
fast, and makes excellent posts, rails and ties. The
Department of Agriculture has recently issued a bul-
letin on this subject which it may be well to obtain.
Wherever pieces of land are large enough and acces-
sible enough to be put under cultivation, we would,
as soon as the stumps are rotted out, put irto a crop
and work for at least a couple of years and then put
down to grass. In no other way can a good sod of
permanent grass be had. Whilst young cattle will
browse on bushes to gome extent, yet they will rarely
succeed in so keeping them down as to ultimately de-
stroy them. Goats will, however, do so, as they pre-
fer to browse rather than graze. In an experiment
recently made in one of the New England States, a few
Angora goats cleaned up a piece of brush land thor-
oughly in a couple of years. We should be inclined
to try this plan with some of the plots. The cost would
not be great, and the goats would bring in some in-
come, besides fitting the land for a better use, and at
any rate making it more sightly.— Ed.

Planting Bermuda Grass.

Will you please tell me in the next month's Planter
if it will do to plant Bermuda grass roots in the latter
part of February and March. I planted in August,
September and October, and did not get a stand.

Iredell Co., N. G. O. E. Shook.

Yes.— Ed.

When corresponding with advertisers mention the

Southern Planter.

88

THE SOUTHEBN pt.aVTKR-

LFebraary

ENQUIRER'S COLUMN.

Enqniriea should be sent to the office of The Southern Planter
Richmond, Va., not later than the 15th of the month, for re-
pliee to appear in the next month's issue of the Planter.

Qrass for Pasture.

Please let me know through your inquirers column
the kind of grass seed to sow on a field of woodland
which I have cut off. The land is a gray land with
red clay subsoil. I want to coulter it np and sow it in
February or March.

Orange Co., Va. E. M. Harnsbeegee.

We presume that this is intended for pasture as no
thing is said about having removed the stumps. We
assume the land to be dry and light. On this we would
sow 2 to 3 bushels per acre of a mixture made up of
Tall Meadow oat grass, orchard grass, Herds grass,
Virginia Blue grass, Meadow Fescue and Perennial
Eye grass. — Ed.

Nitrate of Soda on the Oat Crop.
Would you recommend the nee of a nitrate of soda
on oats and wheat? If you can, please state best time
to use it, and how much per acre. C. A. 8.

See reply in this issue as to the use of nitrate of soda
on wheat. Use iu the same way on oats.— Ed.

Canada Peas — Angora Qoats,

I tax you for a sufficiency of your valuable time to
answer the following questions :

Is it practicable to buy Canada field peas to sow this
winter now, here in Louisa county, with no visible
chance of getting them in the ground as early as you
advise in a recent issue of the Planter T Seed quoted
by a Richmond firm at $1 65 a bushelt

Having 135 acres of land, nearly all thicket, just
such as yon find over much of this section unfit on ac
count of growth for grazing cattle or sheep, would
you advise the purchase of a flock of Angora goats to
feed on this land ; and if so, how manj!

Would four strands of barb wire be a sufficient fence
to enclose? Have line, roomy barn, shedddd on three
sides on land, and land lies convenient to my farm.
Please state comparative profit of goats and sheep,
and also as nearly as you can, what first cost of goats
per head would be.

Apple Grove, Va. James H. Quisenbeeey.

We have known a crop of Canada peas and oats,
seeded in the first week in March in Chesterfield
county, to make a fair crop; but the spring was a
cold one. They should be got in earlier than this to
give them a fair opportunity. If you can seed this
month, the ciop might be worth the cost, and the land
would be improved for the cow peas to follow.

In this issue you will find a reply to a query as to
Angora goats, to which we refer you. We are strongly
of opinion that on such land as you describe, goats
will be found profitable, both directly and indirectly.
They will clean it np and fit it for cultivation cheaper '

than in any other way. You should have at least fifty
goats to get ahead of the brush growth on 135 acres
of land. We think four strands of wire would en-
close the goats. — Ed.

Rotation of Crops.

I have been sowing wheat every other year after
wheat — sowing clover with wheat in every instance,
cutting only one crop of clover when I gob a stand,
and when I did not get a stand of clover, I sowed
peas. Thus you see I got a clover or pea fallow each
time I Fowed wheat, using at time of seeding a heavy
application of bone meal and acid, and my lands seem
very much improved ; yield of wheat increases every
year. But now comes the question: Will they continue
to do so with this mode of treatment and farming, or
would you advise a rotation of crops 1 If so, please
name crops in rotation that should be cultivated on
these lands before they come to wheat again. These
lands, when I started four years ago, were as poor as
poverty; could not reasonably expect to more than get
my seed back, but I now get from ten to fifteen bush-
els per acre. C. L. Doggett.

Mecklenburg Co., Va.

Yes. Your lands will continue to improve under
this system so long as yon take care to supply every
year, or every other year, a sufficient quantity of
phosphoric acid in the shape of bone meal or acid
phosphate to meet the needs of the crops raised and
to balance the nitrogen gathered from the atmosphere
by the clover and peas. It would be an advantage to
use a dressing of, say 25 bushels of lime per acre
every third year on the clover fallow. This would
make available the potash and phosphoric acid in the
soil, and also tend to keep the soil alkaline enough
for the production of clover, which cannot grow in
acid soil. The turning down of so much green veg-
etable matter has a tendency to cause acidity, and
hence your clover fails sometimes. Possibly an ap-
plication of 50 lbs. of muriate of potash with bone
meal, and acid phosphate every few years, might also
be of service, though we think it likely that you have
a fair supply of potash in the soil naturally. — Ed.

Peas and Sorghum.

I have a forty acre field that was fallowed and sown
in wheat (red land), and sown with timothy and clover
with 200 lbs. of fertilizer. The drought caused no
growth in the fall, and in the spring the drought again
prevented any growth until late in May. The result
was no grass, and only some 240 bushels of wheat. I
am thinking of sowing it in peas, with a little sor-
ghum, by a disc drill, after plowing, say three fourths
bushel peas, two quarts sorghum, and 100 lbs. fertil-
izer per acre, in May, and cutting it by mower, when
peas are forming to make hay. Would this improve
the land and allow a crop of corn to follow in spring
of 1904; or can this be improved 1

Oulpeper Go.,Va. B. F. Clark.

The land should be in sufficiently good fertility to
make a crop of corn after the peas and sorghum; but
it would be an improvement to make an application of

1903.]

THE SOUTHERN PLAIITEE.

-V

200 lbs. of acid phosphate, instead of 100 lbs. of ferti-
lizer. Peas are great consumers of phosphoric acid,
and can never do their best and thus supply all the
nitrogen they are capable of doing unless it is present
in abundance. — Ed.

Cow-Peas, Soy Beans, Crimson Clover, Rape, &c.

I would be glad to know the besC way to cultivate
the following, and when to seed the same : Ist. Cow
peas. 2nd. Navy beans. 3d. Crimson clover. 4th.
Rape and Mangel Wurtzel beets for cattle or sheep in
fall and winter. J. W. Bonnee.

We shall deal with the raising of these various
«rops in our issues during the spring and fall months
when seasonable, and to these issues refer the enqui
rer. — Ed.

Horse Training — Articholces,

Please recommend to me some good book on train
ing horses from their birth up. Also please tell me
when and how to plant artichokes.

Isle of Wight Co., Va. N. Peyton Young.

The Saddle Horse — a complete guide to riding or
training. Price, $1.09. Horses — How to handle and
edacate vicious — Gleason. Price, 50 cents. We can
supply these books. In this i3«ue will be found ad-
vice as to artichokes. — Ed.

Corn-Qrowing.

In this neighborhood, people tell me that we cannot
raise corn except we plant the corn on ridges and
then keep it ridged as much as possible. Then I have
been told that it is an old custom and nothing in it.
That we can plant the corn just the same as in the
North and get just as good corn. Please give me the
best way, as I do not wish to make a mistake and lose
my corn.

Norfolk Co.,Va. Joe M. Christensen.

We shall deal with this subject fully in our spring
issues, to which we refer the enquirer. Meanwhile,
we would only say, take no notice of people who ad-
vise you to ridge corn. We have for years been preach
ing level cultivation of corn, and have got thousands
to follow our advice, and always with success. — Ed.

To Kill Wire Grass.

Could you give me a plan or system by which one
<3an most easily rid a piece of land of wire grass?

I have recently bought a piece of land, and five or
six acres of it is strongly set in wire grass, and has not
been cultivated for several years.

Any information along this line will be much ap-
preciated. Would be glad to know if wire grass and
Bermuda grass is the same in every respect.

Edgecombe Co., N. C. F. J. Doziee.

The only way to get rid of wire grass is to shade
it heavUy. We know of a case where a piece
of land similar to that described was completely rid
of the grass in two years by planting two crops of
corn on it. The corn was planted in rows three feet

apart and six or eight inches apart In the row, and^
was cut for the silo. The corn made a very heavy
growth, and at the end of first year very little wire
grass could be found. The second crop completed
the work. Bermuda and wire grass are the same. —Ed.

riaintaining Fertility of Land — Dorset Sheep —
Sheep for Mountain Land.

1. Can rolling land be kept up to its present fertil-
ity, or improved, by the following method of rota-
tion: Sow cow peas in corn at the last working,
and when the corn is in hard roasting ear state turn
in enough hogs to "hog down" the entire crop, then
sow rye on same land, and when it is large enough
graze with sheep or hogs as late in the spring as it
will be safe for it to make a crop; after the rye has
matuied "hog-down" the entire crop again. After the
rye is all consumed and the rag wteds have made a
good start commence to plow the same land again for
corn the following spring, subsoiling when possible
and sowing peas when practical, and "hog down" the
whole crop as before, then sow in rye and so on in-
definitely? The foregoing method would obviate the
risk of clover, save labor, machinery, a great deal of
worry and more money, if it does not impoverish
the land.

2. Do you know it to be a fact that Dorset sheep
will defend themselves against dogst

3. What breed of graie sheep would you recom-
mend crossing Dorset rams on to breed up a flock of
high grade Dorsets, providing you could not procure
grade Dorsets at a reasonable price! Are Dorsets as
good or better than some other breeds for mountain
land! C. T. Black.

Boyle Co., Ky.

1. Such a rotation and system of consuming the
crops on the land as you suggest would no doubt
maintain and enhance the fertility of the land for a
time, but could not be indefinitely continued without
impoverishing it and ceasing to be profitable. The
several crops named are large consumers of phosphoric
acid and potash, and whilst the existing supply of
these minerals in the land continues sufficient, the ro-
tation would be successful; but as soon as these begin
to fail, then profitable production would cease. You
cannot supply the deficiency in one form of plant food
by a superabundance of another. They must each be
present in equivalent proportion. If 300 or 400 lbs.
of add phosphate and 50 lbs. of muriate ol potash
was applied per acre each year, thea the rcc licn
might go on almost indefinitely with success, as 1 1
peas would supply the nitrogen from the atmosphere.

2. Dorset sheep we know will defend themselves
better from dogs than any other breed. We have one
advertiser of this breed who offered to make good
any Dorset sheep supplied by him which were killed
by dogs.

3. Whilst the Dorsets are hardy sheep, we do not
regard them as especially a mountain breed. Their
original home was on the low rolling lands of one o

90

THE SOUTHERN PLAUTBE.

[February

the warmest coanties in England, and they are most
fitted for similar lands in this country. The Merinos
will do better on high moantainous land, and the true
mountain sheep of the north of England and Scotland
still better. We would cross the Dorset rams on Me-
rino ewes. — Ed.

Nitrate of Soda for Wheat.

"When is the best time to apply nitrate of soda to
the wheat crop, and what quantity should be used!
Should it be harrowed in, or will it do as well left on
the surface? How much will it increase the yield?

C. M. H.

Nitrate of soda should never be applied to any crop
until it is commencing to grow. It is 60 very soluble
that unless root action is active, much of the nitrate
is apt to ba lo^t by leaching into tlie sabsMl. A.pply
to wheat just when the crop starts in the spring;
we have seen it make a wonderful change in the color
and rate of growth in a week. Apply from 75 to 100
lbs. to the acre, broadcast. It need not be harrowed
in, but it is well to harrow the wheat before sowing
the fertilizer to break the crust and incite root action.
We have frequently known it to Increase the crop
from five to ten buthels to the acre, and make what
would have been a complete failure a fair crop. — Ed.

Qrinding Bones for Fertilizer — Preparation for
Corn — rielon Growing,

I am starting on a farm outside the city. Among
other things, I shall raise some poultry.

1. I have bought a Mann bone mill to run by power.
Would it pay me to grind bones for fertilizer as well
as for chicks? I have plenty of green bones from my
own shops, and have the power on my premises. For
what crops would the bone be most suitable, and
abont what should be its marketable value? How
should it be applied ?

2. I have some land fallowed for corn. Would it be
best to broadcast the manure on now, and let it lay,
or keep it in the barn yard till spring, and then apply
just before planting time? Apply it now, will not
the ammonia and other parts of it evaporate and
be lost ?

3. What is the most approved manner for preparing
the ground for melons, and what is the best manure
and fertilieer? A. B. Burcher.

Warwick Co.,Va.

1. We do not think that you would find it practical
to grind bones for fertilizer with a Mann mill. The
bones used for fertilizer are first freed from grease and
fat by boiling before being ground. The fat is of no
value as a fertilizer, but rather a hindrance. These
bones are then dried and ground to a powder much
finer than a Mann mill will produce. Bone meal is
valuable, is a source of phosphoric acid, and has also
a small percentage of ammonia. It is one of the most
useful phosphatic fertilizers used — being lasting in its

action. It is excellent for wheat and grass produc-
tion, and should be applied broadcast at the rate of
300 to 500 lbs. to the acre.

2. Apply the mannre broadcast at once. It will
waste less in the field than in the barn yard.

3. The land should be deeply plowed as soon as dry
enough, and be left rough for the weather to break it
down until April. Then work it fine and lay off the
hills by running furrows lengthwise six feet apart and
cross furrows six feet apart. At the intersection of
these furrows, open a space with a hoe three feet in
diameter and put in two or three forkfuls of good
farm yard manure, upon which spread a handful or
two of good truck feitilizer and mix the two. Then
cover with good soil to the depth of three or four
inches and plant the melon seeds on this bed after the
ground is warm. — Ed.

Alfalfa Growing.

I want to raise alfalfa for meadow, and as it is a
new grass in Southwest Virginia, I want jou to please
advise me how to start it.

The Southern Planter recommends sowing it in fall;
but I do not think it can stand the freezing here in
winter, as the soil is of such a nature as to be readily
heaved by the alternate freezing and thawing.

What time in the spring do you recommend sowing
it? We very often loose red clover by sowing early
in the spring, and the frost killing it. Is alfalfa easily
killed by frost? Is it best to sow broadcast or drill
it? How much seed is required per acre? Ought it
to be fertilized? If so, what kind and how much per
acre? If it be fertilized, would it be bett to mix
grass seed and feetilizer together and drill, or not? If
sown in March or April, and it grows off nicely, should
it be mowed this year or not? The land is good where
I am going to sow it. Jno. B. Ferguson.

Busseil Co. , Va.

Whilst we are strongly of opinion that alfalfa should
in the South, as a general rule, be seeded in the fall,
yet exception should be made in the mountain sec-
tions— say above 1,000 feet in elevation, or wherever
the winter is very severe. Where these conditions
apply, the crops may be seeded in the spring at any
time from April to June. The land should be well
prepared and a tine seed bed be made. If not rich, it
ought to have an application of 250 lbs. of bone meal
to the acre, and if at all acid, which is nearly always
the case where clover fails, it should have a light
dressing of lime worked into the soil after it is plowed,
say 10 to 20 bushels to the acre. Alfalfa will not grow
on sour land. If alfalfa has never been grown on the
land before, it will succeed much better if a sprink-
ling of soil from a field which has grown alfalfa be ap-
plied. This will infect the laud with the necessary
bacteria. Some of these are always found on the seed,
but usually not as many as necessary to make the best
growth. Sow 20 lbs. of seed per acre broadcast. Do

1903.]

THE 80UTHBEN PLANTBR.

V

not sow with a grain crop of any kind. Be careful to
BOW only on land free from weeds. These are the worst
enemies the crop has usually to contend with in the
South. After the crop has grown five or six inches
high, run over it with the mower, clipping it back to
three inches. Eept at this three or four times during
the summer, leaving the clippings as a mulch, unless
they become too heavy and fit for hay, when they
should be removed.

The following remarks by Professor Hopkins on the
growing of alfalfa in the Middle West are so valuable
that we desire to bring them to the notice of all our
readers. We take them from the Breeders^ Gazette:

1. Nitrogen costs at least 15 cents a pound in com
mercial fertilizers, and the farmers of the Uaited States
(chiefly in the older States) are paying millions of dol-
lars every year for commercial nitrogen.

2. The atmospheric pressue is fifteen pounds to the
square inch; four fifths of the atmosphere is nitrogen;
there id as much nitrogen resting upon every square
inch of the entire surface of the earth as is contained
in one ton of ordinary farm manure.

3. Alfalfa requires moie nitrogen for successful
growth than any other farm crop and more than even
our rich prairie soils can furnish; and, consequently,
to grow alfalfa without bacteria not only exhausts the
soil of nitrogen, but requires heavy applications of
manure to keep the alfalfa from dying.

4. When inoculated with the proper bacteria and
grown on soils which are not acid, alfalfa has free ac
cess to the unlimited and inexhaustible supply of at
mospheric nitrogen, and it then becomes the greatest
nitrogen gathering plant known to American agri-
culture.

5. Alfalfa hay contains at least 2 J per cent, of nitro
gen and eight tons of alfalfa hay which frequently
have been, and can be, and should be, produced from
one acre of land in a single season contain at least 400
pounds of nitrogen, which is as much nitrogen as is
contained in 400 busheh of corn or in forty tons of
farm yard manure, an amount of nitrogen which in
the form of commercial fertilizers would cost at least
$60.

6. These are not estimates; they are facts, absolute,
positive and well established facts; and if we can put
our soils in suitable condition to grow alfalfa — by in
oculating the soils which need inoculation, by liming
the soils which need lime, by applying phosphorus to
the soils which aie becoming deficient in phosphorus
(and even at the expense of a few dollars per acre) —
shall we not do itt

7. The Illinois Experiment Station has cured four
crops of alfalfa hay without loss and without difficulty
during the very wet season of 1902. But even if we
should lose a crop of hay because of wet weather,
we could well afford to use it for manure. For ma
nurial purposes one ton of alfalfa hay is worth more
than four tons of ordinary farm yard manure.

8. Alfalfa hay is an excellent feed for horses, cattle,
sheep or swine. It is a richer feed than red clover and
requires less corn to be fed with it to produce equal
results.

Cotton Fertilizer— English Peas.

1. Muriate of Potash for Cotton. — I would like to
know if I can safely use 100 lbs. of potash per acre
for cotton. I used 50 lbs. per acre last seasoa with
satisfactory results. My lands are old cultivated, me
dium light soil, with clay subsoil.

2. English Peas.— I would like to have some infor-
mation in regard to English peas. How many bushels
(in the hull) is considered a fair crop per acre — say
land that will yield forty bushels of corn per acre
with good fertilization? Are they a profitable crop for
shipping to Northern markets, provided they are
ready for shipping in May ?

Vegetables and Fruit Packed in Lime. — I would like
to hear from others that have tried the lime receipt ia
the October issue. I packed a lot of tomatoes, some
nearly ripe, some green, in a box with air slaked lime
as per instructions, some two months ago. I opened
them recently, and found that some of them had rotted
and others had dried completely up.

Marlboro Co., 8. C. J. Pletchee.

In South Carolina a very elaborate and carefully-
conducted series of experiment* was made upon the
Experiment Station farms some years ago to determine
the fertilizer requirements of the cotton crop. The
soils selected were typieal of the upland soils of the
State, and had been much exhausted. The conclu-
sions reached were in part as follows:

1. Cotton requires nitrogen, phosphoric acid and
potash.

2. Of the three, phosphoric acid is relatively the
most important, and controls the action of the other
two.

3. Nitrogen Is relatively more important than potash.

4. Potash, when applied separately, is of little value.

5. With proper allowance for cost, as well as the
effect of each application, the requirements may be
more exactly given as follows, for a crop yielding 300
lbs. of lint per acre : Nitrogen, 20 lbs. ; phosphoric
acid, 50 lbs.; potash, 15 lbs.

It is concluded that the amount of phosphoric acid
and proportionate amounts of nitrogen and potash
cannot be indefinitely increased with the expectation
of obtaining a corresponding increase in the crops.
The maximum quantity of fertilizer that can in gen-
eral be used with advantage, is concluded to be an
amount that will furnish per acre phosphoric acid, 50
lbs.; potash, 15 lbs.; nitrogen, 20 lb3. In general, the
most effective amount of fertilizer was 652 lbs. per
acre, made up of —

Acid phosphate 468 lbs.

Nitrate of soda 130 lbs.

Muriate of potash 54 lbs.

652 lb3.
It would seem, threfore, that it would not be wise
for you to increase the potash to 100 lbs., even though
you correspondingly increased the other ingredients.

\

92

THE BOUTHBBN PLAITTEB.

[February

2. Very large crops of English peas are grown in
Tidewater Virginia for shipping in May and June to
the North and for canning. They are in a good season,
usually regarded as a profitable crop, and the area
planted is constantly increased. We have no reliable
data as to the average yield per acre. You ought to
be able to grow them quite as profitably in South
Carolina, as you should strike a very early market
when the price is high. They ought to be in the
ground now to do this. — Ed.

Grass Seeding.

Will you please state in your next number how
much Evergreen should be seeded to an acre. Some
say one bushel, bat I want to know for certain how
much, and how much red top or herd grass.

Campbell Co., Va. W.C.Jones.

We presume you refer to Tall Meadow Oat Grass
when you speak of Evergreen grass. We would seed
from a bushel and a half to two bushels of the meadow
oat grass and a bushel of herds graas. We believe in
heavy seeding of grass seeds, and this belief is founded
on long practical experience. We never sowed less
than three bushels to the acre, and nearly always se-
cured a good stand sufficient to smother down the
weeds. — Ed.

Pecans — Qrass 5eed.

Enclosed find half dozen "pecans" that I shook
from tree to day — 9th January. I have six trees 15
to 35 feet in height — the larger ones 40 inches in cir-
cumference—from Texas nuts planted about fifteen
years ago. Four of the trees have borne a few nuts
for some three years; two produced nuts not quite so
good as the ones enclosed. They bear more, but on
account of late ripening, they do not mature before
cold weather or frost. I do not know how those nuts
compare with the first nuts grown, but think they are
as good as the average nut oflfered in the stores. We
propose to graft some on seedling Hickories to try to
get them to come into bearing earlier. The trees stand
in stiff clay land or sod, but fertile.

I would take advantage of this opportunity to ask
you or yoar readers to advise us the best and most
practical way to get rid of "persimmon bushes."
They are a great nuisance with us. I have them from
half an incb to three inches in diameter at bottom
and ten to twelve feet in height. Will Angora goats
eat persimmon bushes?

What is the advantage of the lawn grass mixtures
over Kentucky blue grass for lawns where the soil is
stiff red clay and naturally runs into blue grass and
white clover! Z.

Rappahannock Co.,Ya.

Our Virginia friends se( m determined to prove to
na that pecans will grow in Virginia. We never dis
puted this, but merely said that it was not the best and
natural latitude for them, and that we could not ad-
vise planting them in this State for profit. The nuts

sent us are fair ones, but not so fine as those sent xxs
from Norfolk county, Va.

The advantage in seeding lawn grass over Kentucky
blue grass alone is, that yon secure a mixture of
grasses which mature at different times, and therefore
tend to keep a lawn in fine order through a longer
season than one variety alone. We know of no other
way to get rid of persimmons than to grub them out,
except that if browsed for years by goats sufficiently
numerous to keep them from leafing, they will die
out. Any tree or plant kept from leafing will even-
tually die, but some, like persimmons, are very tena-
cious of life. — Ed.

Improving Mountain Land.

My father has recently purchased about 2,000 acres
of very rich mountain land in Mitchell county, N. C.
Some 800 acres of this land is cleared, much of which
lays as smoothly as valley land, and is covered with
native sod, which seems to fatten cattle fairly well.
He is thinking of plowing up this sod and sowing
blue grass and red top, thinking that he can carry a
greater number of cattle. If any of your correspon-
dents have had any experience with this kind of land,
I would like to get some information as to whether it
is practical to establish a permanent blue grass sod.

The soil is very deep and black, and the timber is
mostly sugar tree, buckeye and bass wood. Timothy
grows to perfection, will produce about two tons to
the acre. How would a timothy seed farm pay on
this land? What machine would yon recommend for
thrashing timothy, oats and rye? This land is not
suited for growing wheat, as it lays from three to four
thousand feet above the sea level.

Sullivan Co., Tenn. J. H. Eeynolds.

We would like to hear from some of our subscribers
on this subject, as it is one with which we have had
no practical experience. Please oblige us. — Ed.

Fertilizer for Qrass and Clover.

I have a field well set with timothy and clover —
would it be profitable to sow Orchilla guano this
spring towards making a good hay crop, and next
spring to be turned under for corn, and how much
should I use per acre ?

York Co. , Pa. A Stjbsceiber.

We doubt much whether you would derive any
benefit in the hay crop from the use of Orchilla guano
ai a top dressing. This is a phosphatio fertilizer, and
wants to be mixed with the soil to secure Its benefit.
You would derive much more advantage from an ap-
plication of 75 to 100 lbs. to the acre of nitrate of
soda just when the crop commences to grow. This is
a very soluble fertilizer, and will benefit the crop at
once. Apply the Orchilla guano in the early spring
after plowing down the sod in the fall or winter, and
it will benefit the corn crop. — Ed.

1903.]

THE BOTJTHBBN PLA-NTBB.

93

Artichokes— Best Cross for Qrade Hogs.

The Southern Planter is the best "farming imple
ment" on my farm, and I can't do without it. Please
give in your next issue information about artichokes,
what is the best variety! how many to the acre! what
is the best time to plant 1 what kind of land is best
for them ! and what is the method of cultivation !

Which makes the best hog, Poland China male on
Berkshire sows, or Berkshire mjile on Poland China
bows!

Northumberland Co.,Va. W. S. Dillee.

We have a high opinion of the value of artichokes
as a feed for hogs. They are also good feed for milch
cows, but it is as a hog crop that we most value them.
Curiously enough, we have this month a letter from
an old subscriber complaining that his hogs will not
eat them. In all our long experience, we have never
before had such a complaint. We have subscribers
who grow acres of them and feed large herds of hogs
on them with the most complete success. The best
variety to grow is the Jerusalem or White French.
This variety will produce from 300 to 700 bushels to
the acre, according to the fertility of the land and
the season. They should be planted in rows about 3
feet apart and about 2 feet apart in the rows. Pre
pare the land as for corn. Then open out a furrow
and drop the sets as with Irish potatoes. These sets
may be either whole roots if small or cut ones if large.
Every piece with two or three eyes will make a plant.
Cultivate as for corn. In the fall turn in the hogs
and let them harvest them for themselves, digging
sufficient first to provide seed for another year. If
desired, a portion of the crop may be lifted, and be
stored like turnips to be fed to the hogs when the
land is too hard frozen for them to root them out.
If not needed for the hogs, they may be fed to cows.

A cross of Berkshire male on Poland- China sows
will be best, as the Berkshire is more prepotent than
the Poland China, having been longer bred pure. — Ed.

-Lice

Cattle Dying — Texas Fever or Blackleg
Hogs.

Through my pasture is a stream of running water
(a creek). The past summer being an exception it
dried up, except in holes. This my cattle would drink.
Fresh water was drawn for them daily, but they seem-
ed to prefer the creek water. In September two heifers
were sick three or four days, died, and were carried
off, and no one seemed to know what was the trouble.
In October two more young heifers died. In their case
I fouad it a genuine case of hemorrhagic fever. I be-
gan the use of quinine, but I think too late. In case
of another attack, will yon kindly tell me what to do !
Will kerosene oil, poured on hogs until it runs off their
•ides, damage them ? Object, to kill lice.

Cumberland Co., N. C. W. C. Fields.

We are inclined to think that your cattle died from
either Texas fever or Blackleg. If there was a puffed
and swollen condition of the skin on the legs up near

the body, and this when rubbed over with the hand-
gave out a crackling sound, the disease was Blackleg. V.
For this, inoculaCion with Blackleg vacine, which is ad- ^
vertised in our columns and ean be had from the Ex-
periment Station Blacksburg, is a certain preventive..
If the disease was Texas fever this is caused by ticks,
and there is no known cure. The remedy is to keep
the cattle free from ticks. Clean off all ticks by pick-
ing and then grease them about the legs and under
the body with grease of any kind, in which mix a lit-
tle carbolic acid. A pasture which has carried cattle
which have had Texas fever is sure to be infested
with ticks and no other cattle should be put on that
pasture for a year. The ticks will then be extermi-
nated as they cannot perpetuate themselves unless they
have cattle to feed and breed on, nor can they crawl or
fly out of the fields. Such a field so cleared can only
again become infested by the introduction of ticky
cattle and will be perfectly safe for clean cattle even
from the North.

We have frequently poured kerosene on hogs to
kill lice without any injury to them. Very thin
skinned hogs will sometimes be blistered by it. It
is not necessary, however, to do more than pour a
little oil down the centre of the back. This will
soon spread in a thin layer over the whole body
and will kill the lice without hurting the hog. — Ed.

Angora Qoats.

I am considering the purchase of a flock of Angora
goats, and as I know little more about them than
what I have read in the farm papers, I would like to
have your views on the matter. Are conditions in
this section favorable to them ! Will ordinary sheep
fence turn them ! Best age to buy ; about price ; lot
of say 25 head ; amount wool they shear ; its worth,
increase in kids per year. Will they cross on sheep!
Demand for Angora venison, &c., &c.

Caroline Co., Va. C. B.

In our July, October and December issues of last
year we published a considerable amount of informa-
tion on Angora goats, to which issues we refer our
correspondent. We believe that there is a field for
this kind of stock in this State, and that they would
do well here in any part of the State. You will find
them advertised for sale in our columns, and a letter
to our advertisers will give you the prices at which
they are selling. These run all the way from $10 to
$50. A good sheep fence will confine them. The wool
is always in demand at from 15 to 50 cents a pound,
according to quality and length and fineness of staple.
We would purchase young goats and breed up a flock.
They will not cross with sheep. There is not any de-
mand for Angora venison as such, but it sells well we
are told for lamb. If our correspondent has not the
issues of the Planter referred to, we will try to find
them for him if he desires. — Ed.

94

THE 80UTHESN PLANTEB.

fFebrnary

Clover Seeding.

I would be glad to have discussed through the col-
umns of your paper the best methods of getting a stand
of red cloves as adapted to this section.

Fall, winter, or spring sowing 1 Is it best to harrow
in seed ! With or without nurse crop ? What do you
think of early spring sowing — covering seed lightly j or June
and sowing rye at same time as a protection against sun
— the rye to be grazed or cut for ha^ when ready ?
How wo aid this combination do for August or early
September sowing?

I believe the salvation of much of our farming land
lies in the cultivation of clover and other legumes, and
therefore merits our most careful investigation. So
let us have a full discussion of the subject and the
opinions and experience of our up to date farmers.

I would also be glad to hear the best methods of
preparing a clover crop for the huller. Best time
to cut and cure

Culpeper Co..Va. A. G. Pake.

Tour land probably needs lime. Clover will not
grow on acid land, and this is probably the condition
of yours. Eender it slightly alkaline by using 25
bushels of lime to the acre. The clover microbes can-
not live or work in acid soil. We believe more clover
seed is lost by no^ covering sufficiently where the land
is in suitable condition for its growth than from any
other cause. We always harrowed it in lightly and
rarely failed of a stand. In another part of this
issue (Work for the Month) we have given our views
as to seeding grass and clover with grain. We are
opposed to the practice in this climate. Try the lime
and seed alone in the fall, or if not ready, then in the
spring. We think yon will succeed. We shall be
glad to have the views of our readers on the hulling
question. — Ed.

lbs. of acid phosphate or bone meal be applied and
be seeded with cow peas. This will smother the
weeds. After the peas are cut off for hay, cultivate
lightly with a harrow or cultivator and sow the alfal-
fa. In your section, the crop should be sown in Ma^
Ed.

Qreen Crops for Hogs— Sick Hogs.

I have five pigs ten weeks old which I wish to make
average 200 pounds at killing time. Propose sowing
three acres in oats and Canada peas, as this is the ear-
liest green feed I can get for them to grate on. During
summer they can have cabbages, squash, melons,
etc., and September will be turned in a pea field.
Would it be reasonable to expect 200 pounds each
with such fseding! The same pigs are at present
broken out with small sores all over; their hair looks
dead, yet they eat heartily. What is the probable
trouble with them ? What kind of medicine do they
need*

Many farmers have lost fattening hogs this season
through this section. They stem to take almost in-
stantly sick with a cough, hard breathing, very rapid
as though choked, and never eat anything scarcely,
and after a day or so of sickness they die. What do
you think the trouble is ? Three lots of those killed on
being dressed weie found to be full of little worms
about an incti long. They are principally around the
kidneys, though some were found in the livers. Those
so affected throve very poorly in the pen, and in most
cases were weak across the loins. Is there any tonic
which if given would kill such parasites 1

Mecklenburg Co., Va. A Subsceibee.

Alfalfa,

Can we grow alfalfa here on a well drained red clay
soil? No lime in our soil here, but we can grow red
clover. We have made a crop of corn, wheat and
buckwheat on the land, and now wish to seed it to al-
falfa. Please give us your advice as to seeding It.

Grayson Co., Va. P.

Yes, alfalfa can be successfully grown all through
the South if the proper conditions for its culture are
observed. It requires rich sound land with a subsoil
Into which the roots can penetrate, and must be free
from weeds, which are the greatest trouble with which
it has to contend in the South. In all sections except
the mountains, it should be seeded in the early fall.
The best preparation for the crop is to spend the sum
mer months in preparing the land intended to be
sown, and in killing out all -weeds by constantly
bringing the seeds near the surface, and, as soon as
they have commenced to grow, destroying them by
cultivation. Then in August give the land an appli
cation of 300 lbs. of bone-meal to the acre, harrow in
and seed ; or the land may be well prepared and 300

It is impossible for us or any one else to say that
hogs will make any particular weight on certain feeds
within a certain time, but thousands ot hogs fed
largely on green crops and only finished with a little
corn, make fevery year the weight you suggest before
they are a year old. Ton will, however, need to sup-
plement your peas and oats with some other crop to
carry the hogs to September, when the peas are ready.
Canada peas and oats make a fine grazing crop when
put in early enough (they ought to be sown before the
middle of this month at the latest); but the period of
their usefulness ends as soon as the hot weather sets
in. They cannot stand heat. You should plant some
sorghum and corn to come in for use in July and fol-
lowing months until the peas are ready.

As to the sickness of the little pigs : Give them a
little sulphur in slop feed, and keep them warm until
it has worked off.

As to the worms : These should be expelled by giv-
ing them a little turpentine, say a spoonful per hog,
in slop feed, followed with some Epsom salts in the
food to carry oft' the worms. It is impossible for us
to say from what the hogs died; probably from some
form of disease of the digestive organs or obstruction
of the bowels.— Ed.

1903 j

THE BOUTHIIEN PLANTEE.

9^

Fertilizer for Garden Crops— Lettuce.

I wonld respectfully ask your opinion as to the best
fertilizer to use on garden truck, especially lettuce,
and as to the application of nitrate of soda as a top
dressing. When so applied, should it be covered by
earth, or simply put on top near the plant ?

Cuniberland Co., N. C, H. J. McDuffie.

The beat fertilizer for all garden and truck crops is
rich farm-yard manure. This tends to keep the soil
full of humus and vegetable matter, without which it
is impossible to grow good vegetables. The soil can
scarcely ever be made too rich for truck crops, as un-
less grown quickly they are never of good quality.
Farm-yard manure can be profitably supplemented
by fertilizers espscially rich in nitrogen, like nitrate
of soda, blood, cotton seed meal and tankage. Nitro-
gen tends to induce quick and abundant leaf growth.
The cruciforous crops, like cabbages, also call largely
for potash, as also do Irish potatoes. In fact, nearly
all the vegetable crops require an abundant supply of
potash in the soil. The cereals, like corn, call also for
phosphoric acid. For lettuce, a fertilizer having
about 6 per cent, ammonia, 5 per cent, phosphoric
acid, and 8 per cent, potash, is about right. This may
be made up of 300 lbs. nitrate of soda, 800 lbs. cotton-
seed meal, 600 lbs. acid phosphate (13 per cent.), and
309 lbs. muriate of potash — to make a ton.

Nitrate of soda need never be plowed under. It is
as soluble as common salt, and will soon melt and find
its way into the ground. — Ed.

Tomato-Growing.

Will you kindly write an article on tomato culture?
1st. The character of soil best adapted. 2d. The best
seed to be used. 3d. The preparation of the land.
4th. Which is best to use, fertilizer or manure f

We have a new cannery and a number of farmers
in this neighborhood are anxious for the information.

King George Co. , Ya. H. T. Garnett.

We will write fully on this question of tomato grow-
ing in our next issue. Meanwhile, we would say that
the best land for the crop is a light loamy soil, which
should be deeply plowed and finely prepared. The
work of getting the land in order should be underta
ken as soon as ever the land is dry enough to work,
so that by 1st May it may be in good order and nicely
warmed, that the plants may start off freely. The
hot beds in which to raise the plants should be got
ready this month. They should be made up as for
striking sweet potato slips. Do not sow the seed un-
til a nice gentle bottom heat has been developed,
cover the manure with about 3 inches of loamy woods
earth. Sow the seed in this not too thickly about the
first week in March for the earliest plants. Stone,
Beauty, Acme and Trophy are good varieties for can-
ning purposes. — Ed.

Hen Manure.

Having gone into the poultry business on a small
scale, something like 260 chickens, and by gathering
the droppings once every week, I believe in one year's
time I will have a large pile of hen manure. I would
like to use this on my wheat in the fall.

1. Is this the crop to use it on ? Wheat and corn, are
the principal crops here in the northern part of Vir-
ginia.

2. How would you keep it from heating ? At the
present time I am mixing kainib with it, but do not
know if this will prevent it from heating. Wanted
this fall to take one part hen manure, one part potash,
one part acid phosphate.

3. Will this make a good fertilizer for wheat and
grass ?

4 Will you tell me a better way to use my hen ma-
nure? People tell me it is a very rich manure, but
have never been able to realize much out of It.

Shenandoah Co., Va. N. D. Hite.

Hen manure is rich in nitrogen with a small per-
centage of potash and phosphoric acid. It should be
gathered up regularly once or twice a week and be
stored in barrels. Kainit, or acid phosphate, or plas-
ter should be dusted over it under the roost every day
or two, and this will prevent the nitrogen from being
lost. It should be kept moist, not wet, in the barrels
or it will be difficult to handle when wanted, as it dries
into very hard lumps. Being rich in nitrogen, it is
more suited to vegetable or forage crops than wheat.
It lacks the phosphoric acid and potash which the
cereals call for. If used for wheat it should have three
or four parts of acid phosphate to one of the hen ma-
nure applied with it. The mixing of kainit with the
manure as It is gathered will supply the potash need-
ed. Used in this way it will make a good wheat fer-
tilizer.— Ed.

Budding Peaches.

I want to bud some peach trees next June. Will
you please tell me when to cut the buds! Please
answer by mail or through the columns of your jour
nal for February; and by so doing, you will greatly
oblige J. H. Davis.

Monroe Co., W. Ya.

The buds must be cut from a shoot of this year's
growth. The shoots containing the buds should be cut
when so mature as to be rather firm and hard in tex-
ture. They are usually in the best condition after the
terminal bud has formed. — Ed.

Holstein-Friesian Associations.

Have there ever been two Holstein-Friesian Asso-
ciations in America 4 If so, did one fail?

Nottoway Co. , Ya. Subsoeibee.

There was at one time a Western Holstein Friesian
Association, which was organized on October 28, 1891,
and held its first annual meeting at Marshall, Mo. ;
but this was consolidated with the Holstein-Friesian
Association of America in the spring of 1898. Mr.
F. L. Houghton, of Putney, Vt., is secretary of this
Association. — Ed.

96

THE aOUTHBEN PLANTBB.

[February

Trucking, Garden and Orchard.

WORK FOR THE MONTH

Not much can be done in the garden or track field
this month in the way of planting crops, but much
may be done in the way of getting the land into
condition for planting, and in applying the manure
»nd fertilizer necessary to ensure good crops. The
point we have emphasized in '-Work for the Month"
in the Farm Management Department is equally as
necessary here, yea, indeed, more necessary if that be
possible, and that is, the more perfec) preparation of
the soil for the crops before planting. Plow and re
plow, harrow and re- harrow, if you want to secure
the best results. In no other way can the Inherent
fertility of the soil be made available, nor can the
plant food supplied in the way of manure and fertil-
izer be otherwise made to give the best results. Get
out the barn-yard manure on to the plots and do not
be sparing in its application. A hundred loads to
the acre will not hurt the crops, and this may be sup-
plemented with 500 lbs. of acid phosphate and 100
lbs. of muriate of potash per acre. Spread the phos-
phate and potash on the barn- yard manure and work
all in together. These fertilizers are better applied
now than at the time of planting the crops, as they
require time to become available as plant food.

The crops which may be planted in this month,
in Tidewater Virginia and Eastern North and
South Carolina, are English peas and Irish potatoes.
In other sections of these States, and the States West
and North, March is soon enough to get in these
crops.

English peaa are very hardy, and even a sharp frost
will not hurt them much. They should be planted in

rills 2 feet 6 inches apart, and be given a cover of 4
or 5 inches of soil. Scatter the peas in broad rows,
and tread into the soil before covering. The early
smooth varieties are the hardiest, and should be first
planted. If the land needs additional fertilizer (though
it is not well to make land too rich for peas, as it tends
to cause them to run to vine,) apply acid phosphate
and potash, say 300 lbs. of phosphate and 50 lbs. of

potash.

The planting of Irish potatoes in this month is al-
ways attended with some risk, afl they are very sus-
ceptible to damage from late frost, and, when once cut
off, rarely make much yield, but the price of the ear-
liest potatoes is always a good one, and it is worth
while to take some risk. Commercial fertilizer usual
ly makes a better yield and sample of potatoes than
farm yard manure. Manure has a great tendency to
make the potatoes scabby. The spores of the disease

causing scab are often present in manure. A good
fertilizer for Irish potatoes may be made up of —

300 lbs. nitrate of soda.

600 lbs. cotton seed meal or fish scrap.

800 lbs. acid phosphate.

300 lbs, muriate of potash.

2,000 lbs.

This may be applied at the rate of from 500 to 1500
lbs. to the acre broadcast. If less than 500 lbs. is ap-
plied per acre, it may be put in the rows, but must
be well mixed with the soil before planting the sets.
Open the rows 2 feet 6 inches or 3 feet apart and drop
the sets 12 to 15 inches apart in the rows. The sets may
be if cut large, so as to leave two or three eyes on each
piece. Cover to the depth of 4 or 5 inches. The crop
should be cultivated with a harrow or weeder before
the plants come through the ground to kill off weeds
and open the soil. Cultivate frequently and keep level.

Small sowings of lettuce, radishes and other early
salads may be made in sheltered spots.

Hot beds should be got ready for raising tomato,
cantaloupe, melon, egg and pepper plants, and for
striking sweet potatoes. Make up the beds and cover
the manure, which should be fresh horse litter and
leaves with 3 or 4 inches of soil, but do not plant the
seeds until the first hot fermentation of the manure ia
over. What is needed is a gentle steady heat.

Spinach and kale may be seeded towards the end
of the month. These crops should be sown in rows
where they are to complete their growth and not In
seed- beds. If the weather is very cold, March is soon
enough to sow them.

Cabbage seed may be sown in frames for plants to
set out to follow the fall sown crop.

Asparagus beds should have attention. They should
be worked over and covered with manure and soil to
the depth of 10 or 12 inches. New beds may be made
and the plants be set out this month and the next. In
making the bed, plow out the soil as deep as possible
in the line of the rows, and then in the bottom of this
deep furrow spread 2 or 3 Inches of good soil and set
out the plants 12 or 15 inches apart. Cover with 2 or
3 inches of good soil, and make firm over and around
the plants. The rows should be not less than 6ifeet
apart, so as to provide for plenty of soil to cover.^the
beds the second year.

Don't delay ordering your seeds andnfertilizerluntil
time to plant the crops. If you do, yon are pretty
sure to have to wait for them, and thus miss the, best
time for planting.

1903.]

THE SOUTHBBN PLAJNTBR

97

GARDEN AND ORCHARD NOTES.

Editor Southern Planter :

Start the pruning implements now. What tools
should I use on the vineyard and in the orchard ! A
pair of lopping shears and a pair of ordinary hand
shears will do the work in the vineyard if moved by
the hand of an intelligent farmer. For the orchard, a
small hand saw, in addition, will be all that may be
needed. You can buy these of most large nursery
men and seedsmen, who advertise in the Planter. But
how shall I prune f Why should I prune? Whole
books could be written in answer to these two ques
tions. No one should prune who cannot give a good
reason for each operation and tell what the results of
each operation will likely be. This rule will exclude
the mere mechanic from fruit plantations. Fruit trees
and vines should not be cut because the tools are
sharp, nor for the sole object of permitting cultiva-
tors to go through the orchard more readily. Each
vine and each tree presents a separate and distinct
problem to solve before pruning. It requires as much
brains to manage a pruning implement properly as it
does to read Blackstone intelligently. The time has
arrived in the Old Dominion when many people be-
lieve it. But the State needs many more jnst such
believers. Training is quite a different thing from
pruning. We prune in order to train. Therefore, we
should have a well settled idea of training before we
attempt to prune. In pruning the grape, it is well to
remember that the fruit is borne in a few clusters near
the base of the growing shoots. These growing shoots
come out from wood of lasb season's growth. Thus it
<!an readily be seen that the amount of fruit a vine
will bear can be easily controlled by intelligent pru
ning. The shoot that grows out from each bud will
usually bear from three to four clusters of fruit. Forty
buds left on the bearing canes will produce about 150
clusters of good sized fruit. Strong vines will carry
more and weaker ones fewer. What system of train
ing is best f That depends upon the species or variety
you are growing, and also upon what system you like
best. After testing a number of the systems, we like
thelMunson system for several of the long caned spe
cies, and some modification of the old Kniffin system
for the shorter vined varieties, like many of the Ldbrusca
species. The bearing wood should be kept as near the
ground as possible to hold the vine in manageable
limits, to facilitate spraying and to make the fruit
easier to gather. Aiter pruning, we like to have the
bearing canes tied to the wires almost in a horizontal
positiOH, so fjhat the sap will be distributed as evenly
as possible to all growing shoots. About three or
four spurs with two buds each should be left near the
main trunk for bearing canes next year.

For more exhaustive discussion of this subject, send
postal card for Bulletin No. 48, Texas Experiment Sta-
tion, College Station,Texas, and Bulletin on the Grape,
published by Virginia Experiment Station, Blacks -
burg, Va. These bulletins should be in the hands of
all grape growers of the State. They may be ob-
tained if the editions are not exhausted.

* *

*

Commence pruning your trees this month, lor fear
yon may put it off till the sap starts and much dam-
age may be done when the bark slips. Daring my
travels over the State, I notice a very large number of
fruit trees planted out with the tops unpruned. They
are frequently left to grow with the same switch like
top they usually have when taken up from the nur-
sery where they grew in a crowded condition. This
crowded condition made the young trees push their
tops up in a tall and slender manner. The nursery-
man usually encourages this form of growth to meet
the erroneous popular demand for the tallest young
trees. The conditions are entirely changed for the
young tree's growth in the orchard. Nature will
usually try to correct this slender top herself by
pushing out thrifty sprouts lower down. These young
and thrifty sprouts will usually grow faster than the
older top growth, and thus make a very ugly and un-
desirable top. We usually prefer well-grown, one-
year trees, so that we can cut the top back within two
feet of the ground for most apple sections of the South-
ern States. The side buds usually push out readily
when growth starts, and, by a little early summer
pinching, we can usually start the top according to
our own ideal the first year. We like the low vase
form of top, with stout spreading^branches. The trees
are easier to spray, the fruit more readily gathered,
and the wind does not do so much damage to the tree
and fiuit.

Limbs that cross and are likely to rub'each other,
should be taken out early. The top should be made
open and spreading to carry a heavy load, and let the
sunlight and air enter freely to give color and size to
the fruit. Slender limbs should^belcntjback to keep
them from bending down too much'and°to cause them
to branch. When limbs are cut;off at the trunk, the
operation should be performed just outside of the col-
lar, and lihe cut surface be made parallel with the
main body of the trunk to facilitiite thellhealing over
of the wound. If pruning be intelligently done each
year, it will rarely be necessary to cut a limb off the
main trunk over one inch in diameter. White lead
paint is an excellent thing to put on the cut surface to
keep out disease germs and to facilitate the healing
over of the wounds.

These general remarks apply more specially to such
pomaceous fruits as the apple and pear, where the

98

THB 80UTHEEN PLANTEB.

[February

frnits are borne on spurs that grow out all along the
older limbs. The peach bears its fruit quite differ-
ently. In this instance the fruit is produced from
buds that are borne directly, nearly always^ on one-
year old wood. If all this wood is cut off, there will
be no peach crop the following season. We like to
prune ofif about one third of the previous year's
growth. This lessens the number of fruit borne, and,
accordingly, causfs the limbs to branch more, lessens
the tendency of the limbs to droop down and split ofif,
causes the tree to make more bearing wood for next
season, and increases the size of the remaining fruit.
Go out into the orchard and bring into the house some
apple and peach twigs. Notice the difference between
an apple bud and a peach bud. Learn the prospects
of a fruit crop the coming season. Teach the boy the
difference between a fruit bud and a leaf bud. This
may give him his first lesson in nature study and fitart
him in the study of horticulture. The State needs him.

For further study along this line, write for Bulletin
No. 58, on Pruning and Training Peach Orchards,
Texas Experiment Station, College Station, Texas,
and also the Bulletins on Pruning Orchards, pub
lished by the Virginia Experiment Station, Blacks
burg, Va.

*

Make preparations now for war on Injurious insects
and fungous diseases. Order a good spraying outfit.
Some good machines are advertised in the Planter.
Order a supply of bluestone to make Bordeaux mix
tore. This may be ordered from your local druggist.
Tou cannot afford to share your crop of fruit with in
sects and diseases. The bitter rot has done immense
damage to Virginia apple crops, and it is almost sure
to be ready to begin work again this coming season.
While pruning your apple orchards, notice very care-
fully for cankered places on the upper sides of the
limbs. Disease producing spores come from such
places, and cause bitter rot of the fruit. Cut out all
such limbs at least twelve inches below the infected
places, and burn them. Take off all dried up fruit
still hanging on the trees, and burn these also. Pre-
pare to give the orchard a good spraying with Bor-
deaux mixture before the buds swell. Begin work on
pear blight. Cut out all affected )imbs in the same
way, and burn them. The effectiveness of this work
will depend largely upon the thoroughness with which
it is done. If one single tree with diseased wood on it
is left in the orchard, a number of trees near it may
be seriously afiected from it. If all diseased parts are
cut out and destroyed early in the season, and this
work be followed by a good spraying with Bordeaux
mixture before the buds open, more than half the bat
tie has been won.

Give all garden soil a good, deep plowing as soon a»
possible. A freeze 1 will do^more in one night in help-
ing you to put the soil in a fine mechanical condition
than many days work! with harrows. The advice in
regard to early plowing," especially on heavy clay
soils, frequently given in the Planter, is good. It will
give the old pea vines, grass and weeds, a chance to
loake manure for the crops. Are you hauling out all
the manure from the barns during these lengthening
days of February to save time for pressing spring
work ?

Have you decided upon the best varieties of vegeta-
bles for your locality 1 Write a postal card to several
seedsmen for seed catalogues. T. W. Wood & Son,
Richmond, Va., and Geo. Tait & Sons, Norfolk, Va.,
publish valuable seed catalogues. You may learn-
something valuable by reading them. If yon want
any of Uncle Sam's garden seeds, write to your Con-
gressman for them. These politicians will be glad to
send them, but I cannot vouch for the satisfaction

they will give yon.

* *
*

The annual report of the Commissioner of Agricul-
ture of Virginia for (he year 1902, is before me. Have
you received a copy f If not, write for it. The report
contains some interesting information. The illustra-
tions of the San Jose scale insect and bitter rot of the
apple will interest our orchard friends. We hope the
Commissioner will permit us to make a few friendly
suggestions. While we realize the difficulties under
which the Commissioner has labored — such as the
limited use of tho money at the command of this de-
partment and lack of facilities — still, if the Commis-
sioner desires this general style of report, would it not
be better for Virginia farmers and Virginia horticul-
turists to write more of the articles for this report in-
stead of gathering them promiscuously from various
States and taking a number of second hand ones? Ifc
seems to me this would more readily meet the condi-
tions confronting the average Virginia farmer. While
it is true that science is the same the world over, still,
the correct application of scientific principles will de-
pend upon the peculiar conditions that characterize
each locality. We like reports concentrated upon one
subject — such as one upon beef in Virginia, one upon
apples in Virginia, one upon blue grass in Virginia,
one upon sheep in Virginia, one upon trucking in
Virginia, etc. Let these reports be made as exhaustive
as possible. They would be handed down from one
generation to another as standard works upon each
topic. The reports would become reference books in
the Old Dominion. While I may seem to be too crit-
ical, still, it seem» to me that the same mistake is be-
ing made at the Test Farm. Too wide a scope of work
is being undertaken for the force and the means at

1903.]

THE SOUTHERN PLANTER.

99

hand. Many Experiment Stations made the same
mistake in the beginning, in order to meet what was
thought a univeral demand for general information.
Many of those Stations had to begin over and spe
cialize. Some have never gotten over the A, B C'ti
along this line yet. Consequently, there is always
some "hindering cause" that prevented conclusions.
Let me urge the Commissioner to specialize more,
both in his reports and on the Test Farm. The best
reports that I have seen along this line are published
by the Secretary of the Board of Agriculture of
Kansas. I am reliably informed that the State has made
marvelous progress, both in stock husbandry and in
general agriculture, since these reports began to be
published.

*

What a great pity our Commissioner of Agriculture
was made elective by popular vote. Agriculture is
certainly broad enough for any man without being
forced to build political fences. The politician ' ' got
in a little of his work" on this law while the friends
of agriculture least expected it. These latter sentences
have no reference whatever to the report in question,
which we believe is an improvement upon several
previous reports, nor to the Commissioner. The De-
partment cannot be made what it should be under this
law. The man with industrial training and scientific
learning does not fit in with the politician. The in.
dustrial man is coming to the front in Virginia now.
A revolution along this line is silently taking place.
This law will be changed, Ijecause it is a step back-
wards. But the farmers must look after their repre-
sentatives more closely, and vote a little with the
postage stamps. R. H. Price.

Montgomery Co , Va.

SWEET POTATO QROWINQ-

Editor Southern Planter :

This is a good time to form new resolutions and
make out a plan of campaign for the year. Probably
I can drop a word to others who may profit by it.

First, let me just say a word about sweet potatoes.
They are the best crop I know of to raise on poor land.
Because you can do as I have done for several years,
raise 300 bushels per acre, and on as poor a gall as ex
isted in this old State. Plow land deep in the fall.
Do not harrow, let it stay rough, to crumble all winter
by the repeated freezing and thawings, crumbling and
disintegrating all winter. In the spring harrow early
and destroy weeds, if any ^rotU thereon. Then in May
after repeated harrowings, plow again and harrow
again, to destroy weed seeds.

Then about May 15th take your big plow and open
big furrows, four feet apart, running twice in the row.

Fill the trench so made full with good, well rotted ma-
nure, and put a bag (200 pounds) of tobacco fertilizer
on the top of the manure ; cover with two furrows,
making a good cover of earth on the top of it. Then
harrow longways, to bring it down nearly level. Then
either roll or drag a slab longways, to smooth the
top. If a rain comes run a weeder to prevent baking.
Now you are ready to set slips. Set your slips out
small, dcn't wait until they are a yard long to sap the
potato in the bed, six inches will do very well. After
setting (I always wait for a season) and after I get the
slips started, I work ciossways with a weeder, which
makes them just jump up and grow. I pulled out
only 7 in 8,000 plants last year. Don't be afraid
to work them. A garden rake beats a hoe every
time to work a garden with. Keep the ground loose
on top. Use the Iron Age Cultivator in the rows
often, and beyond all things keep your crop clean until
the planti commence to run, when they will smother
the weeds themselves. I always set slips 15 to 16
inches apart, which is about right.

About digging. Sweet potatoes grow until a frost
hits the Tines. I always await a frost myself. Still
they can be dug earlier. My sweet potatoes are put
away in boxes in my basement, where I keep about
50 bushels for seed, selling at $1 per bushel each
spring. They should be kept, not too warm and not
too cool, but at an even temperature of from 50° to
60°, if possible. If too warm they sprout badly ; if
chilled, they rot.

When fed to stock, I know one bushel of sweet po
tatoes and two of corn will beat three bushels of corn,
as I have often proved to my entire satisfaction. All
corn is too heating to keep a hog, steer, or sheep in
good health, whilst fattening, and the one third sweet
potatoes makes the animal enjoy his corn the more.
Any root will act the same, but sweet potatoes fatten
as well, for I fattened a large beef with sweet potatoes
alone one year, and have often fattened hogs on them.

Now, in conclusion, let me say I can raise as many
sweet potatoes on one acre as I can corn on 8 or 10
and that land will produce a fair crop of wheat the
following year, and grass as well, if the manure is
properly worked out and scattered by repeated har-
rowings and re harrowings, and the ground be put into
good order for a grain crop. I have raised 20 bushels
of wheat after my sweet potato crop, and you, brother
farmers, can go and do likewise. But I put work on
that sweet potato patch. One hundred dollars would
not buy my crop when I dig it. Have yon an acre to
pay more, even in tobacco ? I don't want to ride my
hobby to death nor do I want to tire others, but I want
all to try a sweet potato patch and report.

My potatoes have an extended redigree, probably,
but all I know of them is just this : A lot were in

100

THE 80UTHEKN PLAJfTEii.

[February

my cellar when I came here eight years ago, and I
have the same kind yet, with some additions now and
then from a good neighbor who gave me two or three
potatoes, and I put them in my hot bed because they
tasted so good when roasted of a cold winter's day or
night. My potatoes are some big, some little, from
eight pounds to one pound, every shape, size and
color. I pick them as I feed them, and always put
good shaped ones not too large or small into my hoc
bed for slips.

Yours for Sweets,
GoodHand Co.yVa. W. Elliot Hajimond.

NOTES ON VARIETIES OF APPLES AT THE
AGRICULTURAL EXPERIHENT STATION,
BLACKSBURQ, VA.

[Excerpt from Bulletin 130.]

Editor Southern Planter :

The Horticultural Department of the Experiment
Station is issuing at this time a second series of bnlle
tins dealing with the Experiment Station orchards.
This series Is entitled "Orchard Studies," and the
third number discnases some of the more important
varieties of apples growing in the test orchards.
Thirty two varieties are discussed in the bulletin; six
summer varieties, nine autumn, and seventeen winter
varieties. The bulletin is too long to be reproduced
in one issue of the Planter, hence the more Important
details are condensed and presented in advance of the
official publication for the benefit of the readers of
the Planetr.

While, as shown in the official publications, the
orchard studies deal with both scientific and practical
matters, the chief object of the bulletins issued for
the farmer is to convey information that is usable in
his work, hence, in condsnsing for the press, mention
is only made of those varieties which are summarized
in the bulletins as the most important. Under the
head of

Selection of Vakietits,
the question is sure to occur to every one familiar
with even the limited list treated in this bulletin,
"What shall I plant for my purposes!" To thisques
tion the following list is suggested as in part answer-
ing the same:

For Summer. — Select, Early Eipe, Yellow Transpa
rent and Oldenburg, as cosmopolitan varieties which
thrive in all apple soils. Chenango and Summer Rose
are fine amateur sorts for the home orchard. Jefferis
is a promising late summer variety here, but not well
enough tested to warrant distinct commendation —
quality excellent.

For Autumn.— Select, Maiden Blush, Buckingham
and Wagoner, again fairly cosmopolitan varieties,
which thrive almost everywhere. Bonum, Pall Or
ange, Tolman and others have special value for per-
sons desiring fine quality, and a commercial value
where they can be sold on their meriti.

lor Winter. — Speaking first of those which are not
cosmopolitan, and must be planted with nice discre
tion as to soil, conditions, etc., select, Albemarle Pip
pin, Winesap, and possibly Lawver. For standard

cosmopolitan sorts, select, Arkansas, Gano or Via and
York Imperial. As a secondary selection for quali-
ty, Grimes, Eoxbury or Smokehouse may be suggest-
ed, but these are not keepeis in ordinary storage.

The really interested orchardist can't afiford not to
try, in a small way, a varied list of old and new sorts,
for otherwise he misses the finest pleasures of his call-
ing, and gratification of his own aesthetic tastes for
fine fruits, but the Commercial Orchard must be kept clear
of experiments.

Desceiptive Notes on Above Named Vabieties.

All the varieties mentioned herein ware planted in
spring of 1889.

Early Ripe. — An old variety — origin, Pennsylvania.
While this variety resembles in some characteristicB
of trte and fruit the Early Harvtst, it is a decidedly
superior variety at least for this district. Tree quite
vigorous grower, measures at 14 years old in the or-
chard here 33 inches in circumference at base of trunk
and 29 inches just below limbs, free from blight, and
fruit free from rots.

First bloom noted in 1894, and bore few fruits in
189.5, fair crops in 1897, 1899 and 1901. The fruit is
larger than Early Harvest, roundish oblate, greenish
yellow, qaality acid, but good for culinary use and
eating. The best general purpose variety of the very
early sorts. It is to be regretted that it cannot al-
ways be purchased with certainty. Season with Early
HarreBt, but lasts better.

Yellow Transparent. — A recent but comparatively
well known early variety of Eussian origin. The tree .
is a vigorous though not large grower, and has been
very healthy here. In this respect surpasses some of
the other Eussians. The fruit has also been entirely
free from fungous diseases. After 14 years' growth,
the trees measure in circumference at base 24 inches ;
and at point where limbs start 22 inches. The head
is upright, compact. The first bloom was observed
on this variety in 1893, and in 1895 it bore a heavy
crop for the size of the trees. It has continued to
bear a heavy crop in the fruit years of 1897, 1899 and
1901, and also has borne a moderate crop the ofif years.
We have gathered as high as three bushels per tree.
The fruit here is mostly medium in size, rarely large,
although in some other parts of Virginia it grows to
excellent size. The shape is somewhat conical, color
light green, shading to an opalescent tint when fully
ripe, and can be called a beautiful fruit. The quality
is acid, but pleasant and agreeable when ripe, and
may be rated as a valuable dessert variety. It is far
the best dessert variety of any Russian fruit grown
with us. As an early variety, and a sure bearer, it
rather surpasses the other varieties mentioned in this
section. It is highly commended for home use and
for nearby market, where there is demand for sncli
fruit. Season follows Early Ripe.

Oldenburg (Duchess of.) — A well known variety of
Eussian origin, and quite generally planted for early
market and culinary purposes. The growth here is
fairly vigorous, but not heavy. Thus far entirely free
from blight and the fruit from rot. The trees now
measure 22 inches in circumference just above the
ground and 2© inches in circumference at the point
where the head starts. The growth is upright, rather
compact.
This variety bloomed first in 189i, and shows bloom-

1903.]

THE SOUTHBEN PLAIITEE.

101

Ing dates from April 28th to May 2d, daring the last
nine years. A few fruits were borne in 1892 ; a fair
crop for age of tree in 1895. Subsequently fair crops
have bepn produced in 1897, 1899, 1901, and moderate
crop in 1902. The fruit with us is never large, but a
good medium size, striped and handsome. Quality
suited only for culinary use. It is one of the very
best market sorts for local sale. Season 2ud early to
midsummer.

Chenango. — An old variety — origin New York State.
Only fairly vigorous in growth, subject to blight, and
fruit slightly subject to bitter rot. Tree at this time,
after fourteen summers' growth, measures 25 inches in
circumference at base and 22 inches at point where
limbs start ; head thick and round ; growth of wood
short.

Bloomed first 1893 ; fruited, few specimens, 1895 ;
very fair crop in 1897; lees crop 1899 and 1901. Fall
ing off in productiveness attributed to blight. Fruit
is beautiful pale green and striped with red, elongate
in shape.

Quality very good; one of the best for high class
dessert use. An amateur sort of the first rank for des
sert and the home orchard. Highly commended for
home use ; does not seem to warrant commendation
for commercial growing. Ripens mid season to late
summer.

Summer Bose. — An old but not well known variety
of Neiv Jersey origin. The tree is a vigorous grower;
forms an upright, compact head ; not subject to blight,
and the fruit quite free from fungous diseases. The
trees at fourteen years old measure 30 inwhes in cir
cumference at bise and 25 inches in circumference at
point where the head starts.

This variety shows its period of full bloom betwef n
the dates of April 24th and May Gth; bore a few fruits
in 1892. In 1895, the trees fruited very well for their
age, and in 1897 bore a full crop; in 1899. 30 per cent,
of a crop; and in 1901 a fairly heavy crop, about four
bushels per tree. The fruit is small to medium in size,
round and very prettily marked with stripes of red.
The quality is very good, especially suitable for des
sert use. While the fruit is not overly rich, it has a
very pleasant flavor. We consider it one of the very
best early dessert fruits, but the fruit appears to be
quite tender ; the skin cracks easily. Ripens mid-
season.

Maiden Blush. — A generally disseminated old vari
ty of New Jersey origin, but which has merits that
warrant its larger use in our plantations. The tree is
a healthy, vigorous grower, not subject to blight.
Measures 29 inches in circumference at base, and 27
inches at head of trunk. The habit is moderately
spreading, upright, and forms a very good top. First
bloom was observed upon this variety in 1893 ; it bore
a few fruits in 1895 ; and a very fair crop in 1901. The
largest crop has been 3 bushels per tree. This vari-
ety is acid, of very good flavor, desirable either for
home use or market. The size of fruit ia medium.
Color, greenish with a fine blush on one cheek. To
bp commended for the family orchard, or for market
whore fruit of this class can be disposed of. Season
early to mid autumn.

Buckingham. — This well known variety of Virginia
origin has also been called Fall Qaeen, but is now
rightly known as Buckingham. The tree is a fairly

vigorous grower but not large, comparatively free
from blight and other fungous diseases, and the fruit
is also quite free from disease here. Measurement of
trees at this time, 25 inches in circumference at the
base, and 22 inches in circumference at point where
the head starts. Head upright, moderately spread-
ing. First bloom noted in 1892, and also three speci-
mens of fruit were produced on one tree, 1895, a very
good crop for size of trees; and the same was true in
18*7. In 1899 the trees set so full that there was slight
breaking of the limbs, produced about four bushels
per tree; 1901 the crop was light. The fruit is of good
size, medium to large, and colors here so as to be most-
ly red. In quality it Js excellent, and very desirable
for both dessert and culinary purposes. It seems to
be very good for canning. Recommended for home
use, and for market where fall fruit can be disposed
of. Season mid autumn to late.

Wagener — An old variety of New York origin, but
rarely met with in our fruit plantations. The tree is
only a moderate grower, with well formed, open top,
wood short. Trunk 21 inches in circumference at base,
and 18 inches at head. Quite healthy, free from blight,
and moderately so from other fungous diseases. Bore
a few fruits in"lS92, three years alter planting; and a
full crop for size of tree in 1895 and 1897; in 1899 three
bushels per tree were gathered; fruit of good size and
fine quality. In fact, this variety fruits so heavily it
does noi; develop sufBcient wood. In 1901 the crop
was light, and also the present off year, 1902. The
fruit is medium to large, roundish oblate, greenish
ground, splashed and striped with red. Quality not
rich, but pleasant sub acid. Desirable for culinary
use and for market. This variety is one of tha most
promising as a bearer of any in the list of fall apples.
We have found it desirable for canning. Season mid
autumn to late.

Bonum. — A well known variety of North Carolina
origin. Tree fairly vigorous, but not large in growth.
Comparatively free from disease, both as to tree and
fruit. Size of trunk at base, 24 inches circumference;
at head, 20 inches. Upright, spreading habit. The
first bloom on this variety was observed in 1893; a
very few fruits were produced in 1895; in 1897 a fair
crop set; but in 1899 only a very few fruits were pro
duced; in 1901, the crop was fair, measuring 2} bush-
els per tree. A small but showy fruit of the very best
quality. Desirable either for dessert or market. Sea-
son is late autumn at this altitude.

Fall Orange — This is an old variety of Massachusetts
oriein; it is not common in the orchards and gardens
of Virginia The tree is a strong grower and compara-
tively healthy; measures at base, 21 inches in circum-
ference, and 20 inches at point where limbs start.
Head upright, moderately spreading. This variety
bloomed first in 1893, and produced a few fruits in
1895; in 1897, a good crop, and in 1899 a light crop
was produced; 1901, the trees produced 2! bushels of
fruit each, which is a full crop for this size. The fruit
is medium in size, of a yellowish red color here, and
fine looking. The quality is excellent either for des-
sert or culinary purposes. It is generally free from
rot. Rioens early to mid autumn.

Tolman Sweet. — An old variety of Rhode Island ori-
gin. It is rarely met with in our fruit plantations,
but is worthy of more attention, especially for the

102

THE SOUTHERN PLAIITBR

[February

farmily orchard. The tree is moderately robust in
growth, forming a broad, spreading top of quite dis
ttnct and peculiar type. This variety has shown some
blight, bat not serious. Trees measure 2!) inches in
circumference at base, and 25 inches at head. First
bloom was observed in 1894, and a few fruits in 1895.
The trees bore a full crop for their size in 1897; and a
light crop in 1899; in 190 1, a very fair crop was borne,
averaging about 4 bushels per tree. A. very light crop
was produced the present year, 1902. The fruit is
medium to large, round, compressed, of a yellowish,
golden color; and fairly free from disease; has shown
some a'^tack from the black and bitter rot on one occa
sion. The qualitj is rich, sweet, with a fine perfume,
making it an excellent variety for preserving and other
culinary uses. This apple is regarded as of special
value for home made goods of above description, and
should sell well for special uses where it becomes
known. Season mid autumn.

Wm. B. Alwood,
Dec. W, 1902. Horticulturist.

[TO BE CONTINUED. J

THE SPRING GARDEN.

Editor Southern Planter :

Winter is now upon us. Growing vegetation is al
most at a standstill. This is true of a very large part
of the country. But our country is so large, and cli-
matic conditions so varied, that we must take broad
views. While one section is clothed in ice and snow,
other sections are enjoying strawberries and vegeta
bles from open air gardens and fields. We have all
the gradations from 72° above to 22" below. Hence,
it is more or less timely to write of the spring gardec,
even in mid winter; but we write rather from another
standpoint.

It is always wise to look ahead and prepare for
coming duties. That ve may have the best spring
garden, it is necessary to do much of the work now.
Then, whether we live where spring comes in March
or in May, we can be ready to welcome her coming,
and gather the fruits of our thoughts and plans.
Preparing the Soil.

This is an important part of successful gardening.
The best soils for producing the most luscious fruits
and the choicest vegetables cannot be prepared hasti
ly. Time is needed for atmospheric action. For the
best 1 esults, we cannot have our soils too line, too deep
or too rich. We should break them very deep. And
this breaking should be done now if it has not already
been done. This will enable the rains and the snows
and the freezes to do their work. Their work is all
important, and we cannot do it. When we have used
plows, spades and harrows, we still leave millions of
little lumps or clods. These need to be broken finer.
The agents of nature will do this when we have pre
pared the way by doing our part. Aeration requires
time.

Manuring and Fertilizing.

Manuring is putting on vegetable matter and ani-
mal voidings to rot in the soil. It takes time for
these to become thoroughly incorporated with the soil
and to become soluble in water. They should be put
on as early as practicable, and mixed in with the soil.
Then they will decay. In so doing, they start fermen-
tation. This assists aeration, and the two working
together, get the plant-food in soluble form, ready for
use by the plants. But when we have done this, we
do not always supply all the elements of plant life
needed, neither do we give them in proper propor-
tions. This is very important.

One of the most important elements in plant-growth
is potash. This enters into the composition of all
plants. It gives health to the plant, and strength to
do its work. This element is very abundant in near-
ly all garden crops It is especially needed for all
those crops which have numerous seeds, and also for
crops which are liable to fangus diseases, such as rust,
wilt, etc.

Most soils are deficient in this element. Hence, it
is very important to supply it. German kainit and
muriate of potash are the cheapest and most reliable
of the sources of supply. These should be used libe-
rally on garden and truck patches. Phosphoric acid
is also needed. This we can get from superphosphates
and bones. The nitrogen is usually supplied from the
manuie and vegetable matter.

Planting.

Having made the soil rich and warm, we can begin
planting quite early. There are many vegetables, such
as radishes, lettuce, mustard, turnips, onions, salsify,
and so on, which, in many sections, grow all winter.
These can be planted early. Irish potatoes can be
planted in all the South any time you are ready. Pat
them in rather deep; cover with rotting straw or
leaves or other decaying vegetable matter; then throw
on soil as deep as you think best. As spring ap-
proaches, rake off the crust with a light harrow.

We do not propose to enumerate here what you can
plant. Tour locality and the seed catalogues will
help you to decide. But be sure to be ready to have an
early garden. This contributes so much to the happi-
ness of the family, and brings an income at a time
whtn cash is scarce. A garden may be ever so large,
or ever so small. But be sure to have a garden.

Atlanta, Ga. James B. Hunnioutt,

To winter twenty animals on the food that would
give best returns if fed to only fifteen, is poor policy.
Although the twenty might not starve, the extra time
required for them to regain their normal condition
would prove the experiment a sorry failure.

1903.]

THE SOUTHEEN PLAIJTER.

103

Live Stock and Dairy.

DEVON CATTLE.

Sditor Southern Planter :

We see a great deal writtea in the stock journals of
the country about beef and dairy breeds of cattle, and
also the " general purpose," or farmtr's cow, but we
seldom see anything fcald about one breed — the De
von — one of the oldest breeds In the United States,
and one which we do not think has yet outlived its
usefulness. Whilst there is eo much written about
the Red Polls, Holstein, etc., as " general purpose"
animals, we are sure that if there is a breed of cattle
worthy the name of "General Purpose" the Devon is
that one. We believe in the "general purpose" cow.
Sh« is not a myth by any means, as some writers seem
to think. When the good qualities of the Devon for
beef, butter and milk are taken into coi sideration,
the breed will be lound among the stayers, and will
always leave its mark. Now that "baby" beef is so
much in demand the Devon Is certainly in the race,
for they fattf n well at any age. The flesh is well mar
bled, and they kill well with less loss In offal than
most breeds. WhIJst we do not claim that they are
as large as the stately Shorthorns or Hereford s, they
are a medium size. Steers at two years old, weighing
1,725 pounds, when well fattened. The fat does not
lay in lumps, as we see In some of the other breeds.
Bulls of this breed weigh 1,700 to 2,100 pounds. Cows
900 to 1,500 pounds. The steers grow rapidly,
and are always hearty, and while their weights are
not aa large as those of the other beef breeds, they are
plenty large enough for the general market for a
large portion of our country. In a hilly country where
the feed is not so abundant as it is in some of our West
«rn States, this breed does well, and even in the West
they make their mark. We quote from an Eoglieh
writer: "The Devon breed has been traced from
the earliest period when its existence was scarcely
known beyond the then remote county from which
it derives Its name, and it having been shown
how a small band of farmers, j ustly proud of their
native breed, by their own exertlors sustained Its pn
rity and carried it triumphantly through a critical
period until at length its own intrinsic merits attract-
ed the attention at first of a few discriminating judges,
and finally of the general public, leading to Its in
troduction into various parts of Great Britain, Ireland,
France, Jamaica, Mexico, Australia, Canada, and last
ly, in the United States. A breed whose native home
is a bleak, hilly district several hundred feet above
sea level. Flourishing as they do there, it is not sur-
prising that they maintain their reputation when
transplanted to a richer soil and milder climate."

Another writer says of the Devoa: "In all points
the Devon is the finest formed, most blood like and
active of cattle. He Is to his congeners what the Ara-
bian is to other horses." Another writer of experi-
ence says: "I find Devon cattle the most profitable
breed in America, and can raise more valuable beef
on them with the same amount of food than on any
other breed."

We quote from a South Dakota ranchman as fol-
lows : " I am thinking of buying Devon bulls to turn
on the range with Shorthorn cows. Shorthorns are
too large and slow for the short grass country. Here-
fords I do not like, and Angus are shy breeders. De-
von cows will last two or three years longer on the
range than Shorthorns, and always be in better fix.
They have proved to be the best of breeders with a
good calf every spring. The steers are good ones.
This is a short grass and a short feed country, and we
want something that can get a hustle on. Some of our
farmers here milk their cows and I think Devons
would suit them."

A South Carolina breeder says of the Devon : " My
experience and observation of the Devon steer leads
me to think that they are far superior to any other
breed of cattle for beef purposes. They are far more
thrifty and docile than any cattle I have ever seen,
and can be fattened on one third less feed than is re-
quired for any other breed of cattle. They are par-
ticularly hardy and will thrive where others would
almost starve.

The dairy qualities of the Devons are not lacking.
A Pennsylvania breeder says: "My cows give six
times their weight In milk per year. Such an animal
should not be despised. I have not bred for quantity,
but rather for quality and ualformlty. All my cows
have the wonderful staying qualities that stamp the
Deven breed the world over." Mature cows of the
Devon breed yield from fifteen to twenty quarts of
milk per day, testing from 4 to 6 per cent, butter fat.
One ten- year old heifer has a record of 7,000 pounds
of milk and 423 pounds of butter for her first year.
She Is now nearly dry and In perfect beef condition.
Her dam has a record of 453 pounds of butter per
year, and her grand dam has a record of over two
pounds of butter per day, showing that this cow is no
sport.

We quote once more from a large breeder of Devons
and Shorthorns In California (he has over 100 head of
Devons) as follows : " From here southward is a dry
country, and we find the Devons do better than any
other breed where they have to go a long distance to
water. We have sold very few Devon heifers, as It Is

104

THE 80UTHBEN PLAirTEB.

[February

onr intention to Increase our herd. Our bulls find
ready sale all over tbe coast. The Derons are not
only an excellent beef breed but are also great milk-
ers."

The above experience of those who have handled
other breeds besides Devons goes to show that they
are certainly a general- purpose breed of cattle. They
are good for btauty, beef and butter, three B's that
are hard to beat.

Newark, Ohio. L. P. Sisson.

BLACK-LEQ IN CATTLE.

Editor Southern Planter :

I saw an article in a Blacksburg bulletin claiming
that black leg in calves was a germ disease. I don't
agree with them. I bought some yearlings and put
them on blue grass, and salted every day for 5 days.
One died and another went lame. I bled the one that
was lame, and skinned one that died, and found that
the blood had settled in one leg and neck. I moved
them to a field that was short grass, and lost no more.

2. My neighbor had over a hundred yearlings in the
woods and lost nine, supposed black leg to be ihe cause.
He said that he knew it was not for the want of salt,
for he had two men salting every day. I told him
that the salting was what was killing them, and he
quit salting and lost no more. Last fall in dry weather
some of my neighbors salted their yearlings everyday,
and several died. Water was scarce, and. after the
cattle drank water, they had strong appetite and eat
very heartily, and, having very rich blood, lay down
and died. The blocd would settle in some place aud
that caused death. Y.

We referred the foregoing to the Blacksburg author-
ities for their comment. Below is their reply. We agree
with theui. Black leg is undoubtedly a germ disease,
and salt has nothing to do with it.

"The party from Warm Springs, Va., has no know-
ledge of the nature of the highly infectious disease,
black leg in cattle, or else he could never have made
the foolish statement that the disease was the result of
cattle being allowed to have sodium chloride (common
salt). Nor has he a knowledge of the action of the
salt on the healthy animal.

When I tell jou that I have sent out from this Sta
tion a vaccine, which is prepared by the Bureau of
Animal Industry, Washington, D. C, and is made
from the muscular tiesue of the animal which has died
from black leg, thus containing the germ, in an atten-
uated form, and (hat this vaccine has so successfully
prevented the disease in cattle in this State that the
farmers have written for and obtained over five thou
sand doses of this vaccine during the last four months,
which they have seed with the satisfactory result of
preventing the outbreak of blackleg, you will doubt
less see that we t.o understand the cause of the dis
ease, and are not simply guessing at it."

J. G. Fernethough,

Blacksburg, Va. State Veterinarian.

THE STATUS OF ABERDEEN-ANQUS CATTLE.

Editor Southern Planter :

Those fortunate enough to be able to visit the last
great International L'.ve Stock Exposition, were
struck, in the first place, with the vastness of the
show; and in the second, by the uniform high quality
of the numerous exhibits. A really poor animal was
hard to find. Taken altogether, it was simply a mass
of grand individuals of the horse, cow, sheep, and
hog kind.

To see the draft horse show alone was well worth a
thousand mile trip, while in the cattle classes, the
show was grand beyond conception. The long rows
of fine breeding animals led one to iconder at the vaab
improvement made in the several beef breeds, even
in the past ten years.

The Breeders' Gazette, in its report of the show,
said "It it was a 'black year' at the show. The ejrade
Aberdeen Angus bullock was dominant. Whether in
the pavilion, in the pens, or in the slaughter test, the
color was 'black, and all black.' Never has a breed
accomplished such sweeping victories at a fat stock
show. Two out of three of the breed championships
by ages, the grand championship of the show, the
grand champion herd, and reserve for the herd (sec-
ond), fell to the blacks withiu the building, while in
the pens the carload lots made almost as sweeping a
victory. On the block it was repeated, as five of the
ten prizes for carcasses fell to the 'blackekins,' together
with the championship."

This victory was the more remarkable because of
the great inducements offered by the other breed asso-
ciations— one of which offered $1,000 for the grand
champion car lot should it fall to their breed. In the
sales of these, both single animals and car lots, the
Angus again demonstrated the fact that the breed was
at the top in the estimation of the butchers — the
champion steer selling at 56 cents per pound; cham-
pion car lot at $14.50 per hundred gross.

Prom Chicago the writer made a trip to Channing,
Texas, and visited Mr. Boyce, manager of the X. I. T.
ranch, the largest in the world.

He there raises all three breeds of beef cattle — each
breed in separate pastures — and all given the same
treatment. Speaking of the qualities of the different
breeds, Mr. Boyce said : "I wish all of our cattle were
the Angus, as the Angus feeders always sell first. We
never have to keep onr Angus steers until three years
old, but have a good many of the other breeds of that
age; generally sell all the Angus steers as calves and
yearliugs. I spent a pleasant week at the ranch, and
brought home five cars of two year old Angus heifers
as souvenirs. No one in the 'Pan Handle' has a word
to say against the 'doddies,' but every one who is so
fortunate as tu own a black herd, speaks in the highest

19«3.]

THE 80TJTHBEN PLANTBE.

105

terms of them; and it must be remembered that the
Angus bull was unknown on the range twelve years
ago."

Taken altogether, I believe the Angus breeders have
have every reason to congratulate themselves upon
the achievements of their favorite breed, and are in
position to shake hands with themselves, and

"Hurrah ! for the doddies ;
With their glossy black bodies.
Hurrah ! for the doddies ! hurrah ! hurrah !"

Rochingham Co., N. C. A. L. Feench.

DAIRYING IN SOUTHSIDE VIRGINIA.

Editor Southern Planter :

As I Irequently get letters asking what I consider
the proper management of and feed for cows in order
to make them profitable, I concluded that I would
write a short article giving my experience with Hoi-
stein cattle at the Grove Stock Farm, Nottoway coun-
ty, Ya. It may be of interest to some of your name
rous readers. These cows have not been made to do
their best, as they were running on a broom straw
field from the Ist of May until the 10th of August.
Then I commenced t o feed some green corn, peas and
such green crops as were then on hand. I milked on
an average eleven cows during the year. From this
number I sold $1,623 worth of cream and skim milk
in the twelve months. This skim milk was allowed
to sour and was used for baking purposes. One half
of the skim milk was fed to calves and hogs. Each
cow had a calf during the year, the price of which
would average $25.

The manure frem these cows is worth a great deal
In bringing a farm up to a high standard of fertility.
The daily ration per cow, when in full flow of milk,
is two bushels of ensilage, eight pounds of bran, and
all of the cut coi n fodder they will eat up clean. The
cost of this would be as follows :

Ensilage 4c.

Bran 7c.

Corn fodder 2c.

13c.

I feed this ration five months of the year. I feed
bran summer and winter. It pays to feed it in warm
as well as in cold weather. My experience is that
cows will do better when fed ensilage in winter than
when feeding on the best grass in summer. Ensilage
is truly the poor man's friend. Think of the amount
that can be raised on an acre — from twelve to twenty
tons. With ensilage and peas for feed, both of which
can be produced at small cost, we can raise cattle in
Eastern Virginia at a profit.

Nottoway Co., Va. T. O. Sandy.

POLLED DURHAHS.

Editmr Southern Planter :

Many people seem to get the Eed Polled and Polled
Durham confused, or to think the Polled Durham are
grade cattle. I take the opportunity of answering in-
quiries through your valuable journal.

The pure Shorthorn branch of Polled Durhams are
known as "Double Standards," because, being of re-
corded Shorthorn ancestry, they are eligible to registry
in the Shorthorn record. Being naturally polled, they
are also eligible for registry in the Polled Durham
Eecord. The origin of the breed is as follows: Oak-
wood G Wynne Fourth, registered in Vol. 15, p. 803,
had loose horns or scurs. When bred to seventh
Duke of Hillhurst, 34221, she dropped a pair of horn
less roan heifer calves, now named and recorded aa
Mollie and Nellie Gwynne.

Oakwood Gwynne Fourth to the service of Bright
Eyes Duke Eighth, 31874, produced a hornless red
bull calf, recorded as King of Kine, No. 23, Polled
Durham Record, and No. 87412, Shorthora Herd Book.
King of Kine, bred to these heifers, laid the founda-
tion of this popular breed.

All Shorthorn breeders know that the Gwynnes are
of the Princess family, from which more noted dairy
cows have come than from any other strain. The
Princesses are known, wherever Shorthorns have been
bred, as "Milkino- Shorthorns." The Princesses, too,
have the distinguished honor of the longest recorded
ancestry found in the Herd Books. It is a matter of
history (see Sander's Shorthorn Cattle, p. 94. Belve-
dere, 1706, of the Princess blood); that when Mr.
Bates came to the point of calling on an out-cross to
reinforce his celebrated Duchess tribe, he bought Bel-
vedere, 1706, in the conviction that in all the strains
of Shorthorn blood there was none worthy to be com-
mingled with it but that of the Princess blood. It was
a fortunate incident that so good a family produced a
hornless animal. J. L. Humbert.

Albemarle Co., Ya.

There is also a single standard Polled Durham which
is only eligible for registry in the Polled Durham reg-
ister. This strain came originally from a Muley
and Shorthorn bull. — Ed.

It may not be gCEerally believed that a horse wilJ
put on flesh more readily if watered regularly. A
light drink in the morning before feeding will assist
very materially in improving the digestion and gen-
eral health of our noble friend.

Mention the Planter when corresponding with ad-
vertisers.

106

THE SOUTHERN PLANTEE.

[February

The Poultry Yard.

HATCHING CHICKENS.

If yoQ intend to have good winter laying hens, it is
time that yon set about the work of hatching the
chickens from which the pulleta which are to be the
beet of these layers are to be selected. If large num-
bers are to be kept, you want an incubator to do this
work. If only a few fowls are needed, the old hen
will meet the requirements. If you determine to try
an incubator, buy a good one from a reliable firm
which has a reputation to maintain. Tou will find all
the best machines advertised in The Planter. We have
friends who are making successes with nearly all the
different makes advertised, and therefore we do not
feel justified in selecting any one maker's machine for
special commendation. When you have got the ma-
chine, follow the instructions given for operating it
closely, and do not experiment with your own ideas.
If the machine is to have a fair trial, operate it ac
cording to the maker's directions. If it fails, then the
machine is at fault, and the maker should be held re
sponsible. When you buy an incubator, buy a brooder
as well, or your Investment in the incubator may be
a waste of money. Incubator chicks must have brooder
mothers, or they will make but poor progress in
growth. It is true that it is not a difficult matter to
make a brooder which will do good work, but
this requires time and a knowledge of the require
ments for maintaining an equable temperature nei
ther too high nor too low. Later in the season,
when the weather is warm, this is not a matter of so
much importance, as the chicks are not likfly to snf
fer, even though the temperature in the brooder may
not be exactly right. If you do not have, or intend to
have, an incubator, select some short legged, year old
hens, well feathered, and encourage them to become
broody by leaving them some eggs in the nest (mark
these so that they may not get mixed with those sold
as new laid eggs), and (eed the hens with a stimulating
heating diet like corn and warm maehes. When they
take to the nest, make up nesta in a house where the
other hens will not disturb them, and give them no
more than eleven eggs each at this early season. The
house in which they are set should be a warm house,
free from drafts, and not too light. We prefer always
to set a hen on the ground on a dirt floor, as the mois
ture from the soil helps the hatching of the eggs. If
more than one hf n is set in a house, cover each hen
with a wire coop or put a wire door before each nest.
This will pi event the hens leaving their nests and
crowding two or three on one lot of eggs and spoiling
the otheis. Take the hens off every day, and feed and
water them and air the eggs. See that they return to

the eggs in due time — say fifteen minutes after being
taken off.

ARTIFICIAL INCUBATION.

Editor of Southern Planter.

It takes a lot of big words and long phrases, per-
haps, to write an up todate article on Incubators, bat
some how or other I have been reasonably successful
with just common United States language when it
comes to the hatching question.

Let us be plain and call things by their right names.
A fertile egg is a seed ; it must have ihe necessary
warmth to sprout and grow — a temperature of 103 ; it
must, also be cultivated, the eggs must be turned, aired
and manipulated after nature's ways.

A temperature of 103 seems to be a standard, al-
though very few recognize that placing the thermom-
eter differently would necessarily mean that it would
read differently, but such is the case. With the ther-
mometer between the eggs showing 103, the eame ther-
mometer lying on the eggs would show 104, or if sus-
pended above the eggs near the tank it would show
still more. I prefer placing the thermometer on the
eggs, thus showing the combined heat of the eggs and
the heat applied to them. Still more, I prefer a varia-
tion of temperature as tke hatch progresses ; for in-
stance, 102 to 103 first week, 103 second week, and
104 third week ; this variation being due to the in-
creased animal heat in the eggs as the chick devel-
ops. This temperature will bring good results.

There are bushels of iron clad preset ibed rules
about turning the eggs just so, but my advice is to
turn them as often as you have time, and air them
as often as you have time. I don't mean that it would
be necessary to put in your whole time or even a tenth
of it turning and airing the eggs, but I do mean that
they should be turned at least once every day, and
twice every other day, and that when looking at the
thermometer the tray should be pulled out and let the
eggs get a whiff of pure air. Why t yon would ask.
I will tell you. Turning the egg ripens it clear around,
the germ comes to the top ; every movement of the
egg makes a corresponding movement of the embryo
chick ; besides ripening the shell clear around, these
movements wake the chick up, it's exercise for it, ifc
moves, expands and develops its own strength ; this
principle applies to all life, whether stock or eggs ;
for instance, a stock breeder would not pen up a dam
in close quarters to bring a strong young one. There
is simply nothing mysterious or unaacoantable in
hatching eggs ; a little reasoning in advance of the
real thing explains most everything about it.

1903 .j

THE 80UTKBRN PLAlirrBE.

107

Now about moisture. An egg must get rid of a lot
of moisture before it can hatch. Eggs during incuba
tion get smaller and lighter ; this being the case ap
plied moisture could not enter the egg. The moisture
and ventilation questions are so entwined with each
other that the effects©' one are often taken for the
effects of the other. Personally, I do not believe in
dosing out the air in prescribed quantities. There is
lots said about governing the siae of the air cell by
opening or closing the dampers, but I prefer correct
and continuous ventilation. If the incubator is cor
rectly fitted there need be no dosing of the air in z.
mystical way with dampers. I prefer a constant mild
circulation of air, and depend on airing the eggs in the
open air to conform to nature's ways.

What's the good of airing the eggs ? might be asked.
In answer, I will say that the egg shells, like many
other things, expand in heat, and contract in cjld.
This expansion and contraction breaks down the
tough fibres of the shell, and when the chick is due to
hatch it can hatch. I am sure moisture, however light,
is good for shells, good for the reason that it affects
the shell only.

Good hatches are made with and without moisture.
Opinions are about equally divided. I am satisfied, in
fact I know, it does no barm to apply a little moisture
directly to the shells if the ventilation is sufficient.
Have tried all the moisture plans, and plans without
moisture, and have, at this time, more faith in the old
fashioned way of sprinkling the eggs occasionally than
any new way.

The old fashioned sprinkling is applied directly to
the shells, and does not make a heavy, continuous,
damp air in the egg chamber. It does not matter
about exact dates in sprinkling, exact dates would be
nonsense, but I can guarantee that you will do the
eggs no harm if you sprinkle them with tepid water
on the 12th, 15th and 18th days.

Ohio. M. M. Johnson.

FEEDINQ FOR EGOS.

Editor Southern Planter :

I would not advise any one who has a good healthy
flock to undertake doctoring them with drugs with a
view to forcing egg production, either summer or win
ter. On most farms, there are plenty of feeds that
would go towards making a perfect balanced ration,
if we took advantage of them. The secret in making
bans lay. is simply providing them with suitable feed;
and it is the safe way.

Corn, wheat, oats, barley and millet seed are good
poultry feed; some do not believe In corn, but their
reasons are mostly like the small boy's "because."

The Agricultural Experiment Stations tell us that
corn is one of the best feeds for poultry, buti they do
not tell us to feed it exclusively; still more, cool rea-
soning would not suggest that we feed it exclusively.

The natural make up of their feed is a variety; a
little of this and that and constant exercise in procur-
ing it. Some tell us to make them t cratch for their feed.
A more correct way to say it would be to let them
scratch for their feed; they would rather do it than
not; besides, it does away with gorging and encoura-
ging a lazy disposition.

Corn exclusively, or wheat or millet exclusively, is
too heavy and too rich; something to make bulk must
be added. I know of nothing better than wheat bran to
balance up a heavy rich food; it is so common, though,
that it is hardly popular. Bran makes bulk; not only
bulk, but it clears the passages and keeps the diges-
tive organs in condition. Bran alone would be too
light for exclusive food; besides, it would not be in
line with nature to feed nothing else. The craw is a
grinding mill, and we must keep i» at work.

The different grains would not be a perfect feed
alone. Grass, insects and dozens of things we hardly
think of, go towards completing the natural wants.
Fowls on free range usually find these extra knick-
knacks; but penned up fowls, or fowls in winter, must
have their equivalent in some form, or they cannot do
the very beit. Cut clover or alfalfa hay, or cut vege
tables and green cut bone, help to make summer out of
winter as near as it is possible. All these things are
within our reach, and the time required to procure
them win return a nice profit. These means will bring
eggs, and it is the safe way. M. M. Johnson.

Clay Center, Neb.

GREEN BONES.

I never fed very much green bone until last fall,
when I started early and fed all winter, and was more
than paid for my trouble with an abundance of eggs.
In the month of January, I received more eggs than
in any other month of the year, but the previous win-
ters the eggs did not pay for the chicken feed. The
cost of the green bone is a mere trifle, and it requires
only an ounce to each hen about every other day, and
it is enjoyed and craved for above all the other foods.
A bone mill is as much a necessity to a poultryman as
an anvil is to a blacksmith. As an egg producer, a
bone producer, and a health producer, green bone la
unexcelled. B. H. Sewell.

Galva, 111.

When corresponding with advertisers, kindly in«a-
tlon the Southern Planter.

108

THE SOUTHEEN PLAlTrER

[February

The Horse.

NOTES.

Imported Diomed, thoroughbred son of FJorizel
and the sister to Juno, by Spectator, was a chestnut
horse, foaled 1777, and brf d by Sir C. Bunbury, Ei g-
land. He was imported to Virginia in 1799, when 22
years old, and died the property of Col Hoomes, in
1808, aged 31 years. The initial Derby, probably the
most noted of English classicj of that character, was
run in 1780, and won by Diomed, then three years
old, which gained him distinction, and he was for a
term of years well patronized in the stud, but then
his popularity bf gan to wane, and he was sold for
export Tn Virginia, importtd Diomed Eired such
horses as Ball's Florizel ; Euroe, the sire of American
Eclipse, and Sir Archy, who got Timoleou, sire of the
famous Boston. What Diomed did toward the im-
provement of the thoroughbred in this country is a
matter of history, and in its annals the name of this
famous son of Florizel will endure as long as the
horse holds a place in the afifections of the peoplp.

Mr. A. PoUaid, who removed from Toronto, Cana
da, during the early part of 1902, to the Dunraven
Farm, three miles east of Richmond, reports that he
is well pleased with his purchase, his determination
being to devote the place mostly to breeding, grazing
and rearing of live stock. The greater attention, how
ever, will be given to horses, for which Dunraven is
admirably adapted on account of its location and the
fine loads in the vicinity. During the past season,
Mr. Pollard lost by death the registered hackney stal
lion Aristocrat, ches'nut, foaled 18S9, by Bauca, dam
Polly, by Nf rfolk Hero. Among the horses now at
Dunraven are Margery, the good looking half bred
hackney mare, by Eo?eberr) . She was foaled 1893,
and is in foal to Aristocrat. The yearling chestnut
colt, by the tackney stallion Squire Rick els out of
Margery, is a fine specimen, as also a couple of fillies,
viz, a black two year old and a yearling chestnut,
both by Squire Rickels, out of a well made bay mare
of Morgan blood. The latter is owned on the farm,
and will be mated this season with some good thor-
oughbred sire, and the prodace should make a high-
claas hunter.

among them the fine young mare Princess, of Ridge-
field, by Prince Belmont, now in foal to the great
young sire Lynne, 2:10}.

The Ainslie Carriage Company, of this city, report
that the season has been a prosperous one and the de-
maud good for all classes of fine pleasure and business
vehicles. Among the orders recently filled was one
for a new ambulance for the Virginia Hospital, which
s ■^ model in point o' workmanship, and finished and
furnisbed with all modern conveniences. Mr. David A.
Ainslie, ths head of this concern, sho«s, among other
innovations at the Company's bi? warerooms, a new
style of runabout vagon, the body of which swings
higher and is finished in gaudy colors, wide stripes
being noticeable and yellow the most prominent
shade. The carriage house of Ainslie has been estab-
lished for generations, and as designers and builders
of the highest class of vehicles has gained a wide
reputation.

Dr. J. C. Walton, prominent for years as a physi
cian and railway surgeon, also as a breeder and owner
of light harness horses at Reid?ville, N. C, has re
moved to Chase City, Va., where he has headquarters
at "The Mecklenburg," the elf gant new hotel and
sanatorium there, which is under the same manage-
ment as "The Jefferson," in this city. Chase City
has become noted for its lithiaand chloride of calcium
waters, while The Mecklenburg has complete electri
cal and hydriatic apparatus, with a splendid chemical
and microscopic library. Dr. Walton is the resident
physician at Chase City, and his presence and wide
experience is likely to be of lasting benefit to this new
health resort. During recent years, the Doctoi has
owned and driven such good horses as Lucy Ashby,
2:21} ; a full sister to her, who was sold for export ;
Matie, 2:30i ; Miss Parker, trial, 2:39}, and others,

The imported Hackney stallion, The Duke, son of
Silver Star and Lady Fanny, Rob Roy, offered for sale
in our advertising columns by T. O. Sandy, of The
Grove Farm, Burkeville, Va., should prove a most
desirable acquisition to any stock farm or breeder in
search of a horse whose get develop into well made,
handsome and serviceable horses. The Duke is regis-
tered in both the English and American Hackney Stud
Books. He is well preserved, unusually vigorous, and
in rugged health, while kind and tractable in harness
and under the saddle. This good stallion will be sold
at a price which he can more than earn if placed in
proper hands in a single season. Statements made by
Mr. Sandy can be relied on, and he will be pleased to
furnish full particulars.

Capt. C. B. Denson, widely known as a soldier,
statesman and scholar, and for more than a quarter of
a century past prominently identified with the affairs of
the North Carolina Agricultural Society in the capac-
ity of secretary, treasurer and member of the Board
of Directors, died at Raleigh on January 15th, his
death being due to general debility, at the age 65.
Capt. Denson was born at Suffolk, Va., September 29,
1837, but had passed the greater part of his life in
North Carolina.

Broad Rock.

The thoroughbred stallion. Saint Charles, out of
Carita, by Saint Blaise, owned by D. H. Barger, pro-
prietor of "Walnut Grove" Farm, and L. E. Johnson,
vice president and general manager of the Norfolk and
Western Railway, has been given by these gentlemen
to the Virginia Polytechnic Institute and Experiment
Station, at Blacksburg. Saint Charles is one of the
best bred horses in America, and is a great acquisition
to the pure -bred stock of the farm. The thanks of the
people are due these gentlemen for their liberility.

1902-]

THE 80UTHEEN PLANTEB.

109

riiscellaneous.

FORESTRY— PRACTICAL.

Editor Southern Planter:

The Division of Forestry of the National Govern-
ment in recent years has given much attention to the
improvement of forestry and the prevention of the
destruction of the timber of the country. The im-
mense devastation of property by forest fires, which
sweep over the extensive mountain territory annually,
leaves a charred and blackened district repulsive to
the eye and destructive to the fond expectation and
hopes of the dwellers on the surrounding farms, many
losing their fences and also their humble homes, filled
with terror in danger of their personal safety. The
desolation can be more easily imagined than described.
The beautiful Blue Ridge, once the pride and resource
of the Valley of Virginia, now, in large part, periodi-
cally i3 made to resemble a smoking volcano, denuded
of her valuable forests and the population discouraged.
Other mountain districts of the State, suffering like
wastes of immense values. The causes of these fires
are numerous, but a majority of them from moat trivial
and unpardonable recklessness, neglect, don't care and
badness. The public and private persons have snfifered
so long and so frequently from "the fire fiend" that
this great evil has been regarded as a matter of course,
and a resort Is sometimes had to insurance. But this
does not restore the forestry which has gone up in
smoke. It only transfers the loss from one pocket to
another. The value is irretrievably wasted.

A remedy proposed by the Forestry Division is to
arouse public sentiment and direct it in an organized
and effective action to express by suitable official vigi
lance, strengthened by official legislation. The time
has passed for continued indulgence In a slipshod neg
lect, "I didn't think," "I don't care," or a "defective
flue," to satisfy the reasonable and just demand of a
thinking and moral civilization. Those who are inca-
pable of handling the many modern combustibles can
be taken care of by the State. An aroused and vigilant
public sentiment can save more values from destruction
annually than any increased toil and enterprise can
replace. If we would have capital and immigration
come to Virginia, we must show a resolute disposition
to protect both by intelligent methods. But to return
to forestry proper. At once measures should be em-
ployed to restore the denuded places in the farm for-
ests by plantations of walnut, locust, white oak, hick-
ory and other timbers. It is entirely practicable. If
prompt action is taken, there can still beiseed from
last J ear's crop gathered. Do not conclude that the
profit is too remote. The cost will be small in labor
and expense. It will be a goodjinvestment for poster.

ity. It will add value to the farm, if for sale. Cases
are reported by the papers of remarkable success in
the boost of values produced in ten to fifteen years.
The annual value of the growth of new timber on our
barren wastes, if protected from fire, would increase
from year to year until in twenty-five to forty years it
would amount, at a low estimate, to $500,000, or per-
haps $1,000,000. The necessities of the State will con-
tinue with the lapse of time. A wise forecast demands
attention to this waste of public and private resources.
If we have a government, it should govern. If it is
"up to date," it should immediately suppress this In-
dian lelic of barbarism and stupid indifference to the
future prosperity of Virginia.

Augusta Co., Va Peo Bono Publico.

This appeal for attention to our forest valnes comes
from one who was long honored with the confidence of
his fellow citizens as their representative in the Legis-
lature, and who only retired when the pressure of long
years made the burden of attention too onerous. He
is one of the far-sighted and thinking men of the State,
yet withal most conservative in hi i views, and what
he says ought to have great weight given to it. "We
are heartily in sympathy with his views. — Ed.

LIVE STOCK A NECESSITY.

Editor Southern Planter :

Age usually brings infirmities, but after the lapse of
more than sixty years. The Southern Planter comes to
us rejuvenated as if she had bathed herself in the
fountain of youth.

Tour last issue has determined, 'in my mind, that
you have found the philosopher'sjstone. If there is
any one thing that the Southern ifarmer must learn,
either sooner or later, it is that all successful agricul-
ture has a sure and abiding, foundation in stock rais-
ing. It is a pity that your.last number could not find
its way into every Southern 'home. As a boy at the
beginning of the war, liwas sent to school in East Vir-
ginia, and when I came back my father was greatly
amused at my impression of the country. Its vast
sedge fields, red and'guUied hillsides and scrub pine
forest, gave to my youthful mind^ia weird and deso-
late picture. My frequent visits li to that part of the
State since has never rellevedimy mind of those early
impressions. The good oldi days; of yore have de-
parted. The negro as a farm laborer is a thing
of the past. Tobacco must in i part be supplanted by
clover and peas, and they in^tumlby other cultivated
grasses and followed by'cattle, sheep and hogs. When
that happy day shalljcome, then your brightest hopes
and the labor of all these :years^will have found their
full fruition and 01d];Virginla will. blossom as the rose.

110

THE SOUTHERN PLANTER.

[February

It is time that Sonthwestem and Eastern Virginia
shonld become acquainted. Tt was my good pleasure,
some months ago, to introduce to our people a gentle
man from Orange county, and before he left he bought
ten head of thoroughbred Angus cows and heifers
from one of our breeders, and he went away happy,
because he found here what he wanted at prices much
lees than if he had gone North for them. If more of
such wide awake farmers could be induced to venture
this way, they would realize what it is to be a stock
raiser, and they would aho see a fine grass country
with plenty of fine cattle, sheep and hogs, and find a
prosperous, sleek and saucy yeomanry.

PulasU Co.,Va. , B.E.Watson.

Accept thanks for your kind words and compli
menta. May the day of grass, forage crops and live
stock soon come to every farmer in the South. Then
truly will he be in the way of prospeiity.— Ed.

TIDEWATER (VIRGINIA) NOTES.

Editor Southern Planter :

I want to write you of a little patch of turnips
grown by one of our friends who has a habit of
calling on us now and then, and he always has a
pleasant effect— something like a strengthening
plaster on a weak back. It makes us feel better
long after he has gone, because he lias a way of put-
ting matters up in a cheerful sort of way, which
makes one more hopeful and more happy than be-
fore his visit.

In February, 1902, he planted two acres in pota-
toes—a small patch by itself— and dug therefrom in
June 90 barrels of fine potatoes, which he sold at
$3.25 per barrel.

The last week in August he sowed the two acres
to clover, and mixed with his clover seed 25 cents
worth of turnip seed, sowing both with one hand,
one motion and one time.

Now he has finished harvesting or pulling fully
1,000 bushels of turnips from the two acres, and his
clover is looking fine and promises three good cut-
tings next year, good for not less than five tons to
the acre.

Where land can be so handled, there surely is
profit in tilling the soil. On being asked if the
pulling of the turnips did not injure the clover, he
replied: "No; the stirring up of the soil did not
dislocate the clover. On the contrary, it operated
as a sort of cultivation of the clover, and it grew
faster than ever."

Upon another patch of two acres, adjoining the
first two acres mentioned, he sowed clover alone,

and the seed potatoes, or potatoes left in the ground
from the potato digging in June, came up thickly
through the clover, and about the middle of Decem-
ber he went through and pulled up the potato vines
and saved 14 barrels of fine potatoes for winter's use
and to plant in the spring.

Your readers can figure out the profit of such
farming. They have plenty of time when the
Northern winter rules at the North, East and West.
Here it is — viz.: " Forty-five barrels of potatoes to
the acre, and 500 bushels of turnips in one season,
and the land — the acre — in a fine stand of clover
for another year. Potatoes sold for $3.25 per bar-
rel, and the turnips worth fully 20 cents per bushel
to feed on the farm and cost only 25 cents for seed
for two acres and the cost of harvesting the crop."

This is not a big thing, it is true. But still it may
be called a big little thing, which can be repeated
and duplicated upon every farm in Eastern Vir-
ginia, especially on each farm which lies under the
warm and genial influences of the "Gulf Stream."

This same farmer has 200 acres of cleared land
in cultivation, but cultivates only a small portion
thereof himself, renting out the balance to colored
farmers, who handle the land under his direction.
He dictates or stipulates what crops are to be grown
and how the soil is to be handled, and under his
instruction both the soil and the tenant prosper.

It is not so where the tenant rents from year to
year and has his own way. That is one great rea-
son why Virginia lands, as a rule, do not improve.
They, under the tenant system, have been robbed
for years and years.

Our farmer referred to above does not consider it
any trick at all to grow 45 barrels of potatoes to the
acre and 500 bushels of turnips on the same land
in one growing season, and then leave the land in
such a fine stand of clover as to yield him five tons
of good hay the next year, worth, right on the farm
where grown, fully $10 per ton. Land so handled
pays well. Land so handled improves each year.

The soil, the climate, and the markets permit the
intelligent owner here to handle his land just as a
skillful teamster handles his team. We want more
clover; more stock; more general farming. The
farmer referred to above did not wait for " things to
turn up," but he "turned out" a tater crop and then
" turned up a turnip crop ; " and when the " returns "
are all in for the year, there will be no " sheriff's re-
turns" to disturb the dreams or interfere with the
peace of mind of the "turnip" grower.

It is just so with this same farmer with his cow-

1903.]

THE SOUTHERN PLAirTBR.

Ill

peas and his corn. He grows the best and largest
crops of peas and corn of any man in his section,
and he does it "just as easy as falling off a log."
He does not get out so very early in the morning,
nor does he stay out in the fields at work late at
night.

He does not do a real hard day's work in the year.
But he manages matters. The principal ingredients
in his management are simply "git," "grit" and
"gumption," with a very strong emphasis on the
last-named qualification.

If our Virginia farmers, as a rule, would " turn
up" the soil a little more vigorously, and engage
more in the raising of turnips and such like crops,
and "turn up" at the country grocery a little less
frequently to discuss politics, a wave of prosperity
would sweep over the Old Dominion sufficiently
large and strong enough to crowd out all the
croakers.

Let us dig up new ideas and new methods ; tur^i
up new soil with new implements, and beat the
world in results, as we already excel all other sec-
tions in great natural and acquired advantages.

Norfolk, Va. A. Jeffers.

NOTES.

I have observed that plowing is the work that makes
corn. The stalk does not need a large hill of dirt
heaped np around it to become "baked" and com
pressed; but the earth being made loose around it is
the prime necessity.

If the fence rows are not kept clean and free from
briers and bushes, the rails will rot and the fence will
settle down to a rotten mass.

Fowls will do much better if they can be allowed the
"run" of a stretch of woodland upon the farm instead
of being confined in close unhealthy quarters. They
will present a much neater and cleaner appearance
nnder such conditions, and the man who comes round
with the poultry wagon will notice the difference.

Ton cannot get more strength from the horse than
you give him through his feed. The horse is the farm-
er's best friend, and he should be more than half
cared for.

There is nothing like doing everything on the farm
at the proper time. A few day's delay of work while
the weeds are growing will make extra work. If the
farmer gets behind hand with his work, it is most
probably his own fault.

Dickenson Co., Va. T'rank Moneoe Bevekly,

Mention the Plcmtar t» yonr friendn.

READING FARflERS

Editor Southern Planter :

It is a question well worth consideiing, how little
reading is done by farmers, and how well satisfied
they are without it.

A vast number of our land-owners go on year after
year doing the s»me things their fathers did before
them, in the same old wajs, and generally with the
same results, contentedly asking nothing better.

No thought is given new ways and means that are
daijy coming in use to shorten and make work easier
and more profitable, the success of the reading man
often being attributed to unfairness and greed.

There is something new under the sun, and it only
remains for men to avail themselves of such know-
ledge as will benefit them in their life work.

A reading farmer has a decided advantage over his
neighbor who does not read, and he is very quick to
use this advantage to the detriment of his non-reading
neighbor; and why shouldn't he! He knows from
his agricultural journal that prices are higher on all
cattle this week than they were last. He knows that
hogs are higher in price and scarcer than ever. He
also knows that fodder and hay need only to be seen
to bring fancy prices.

This much he has learned from the market quota-
tions he has taken pains to have in hand ; consequent-
ly, he is on the alert for the non-reading farmer who
labors without this knowledge.

His watchful eye tells him where to go to find cer-
tain farm products, cattle, &c., that the careless far-
mer must dispose of in order to live, and thither he
goes.

The non reader sells, and is glad to do so, thinking
of his necessities, not of the possibilities of the future,
with which he would b e familiar but for shortsighted-
ness, stinginess, or, what is oftener, self conceit, some-
times called lack of time.

Many men know too much for their own good; very
often they are so full of their own ideas concerning
things that no room remains to imbibe ideas of men
better informed ; in other words, they are self sufifi-
cient and suffer blindly, while they labor with no
visible success, ascribing failure to everything except
themselves.

Farm papers, and good ones, are to be had for a
mere song in this day of enlightenment. A man must
own himself behind the times who does not read and
keep abreast of the times. While no one will as-
sert that every idea contained in a farm paper is in-
fallible, yet the wheat can be sifted from the chaff,
and a man with good common sense, willing to learn,
can cull a vast amount of information in a year's time
beside helping the press to disseminate the knowledge
in fields where it is possibly more needed.

112

THE 80UTHEEN PLANTEB.

[February

A wide awake business man or woman must read
or suffer themselves to be justly called old-fashioned
and out of date.

Knowledge is now no more a fouatain sealed.

Jno. F. Payne.

PROPOSED STOCK LAW FOR THE STATE OF
VIRGINIA.

A bill to prevent live stock from running at large and
trespassing upon the lands of others wlttin the
State, or tanging upon the public highways thereof,
and authorizing the holding of an election on the
petition of freeholders of any county, to determine
whether such county or district shall be subject to
the provisions of this act.

1. Be it enacted by the General Assembly of Vir-
ginia, That it shall be unlawful for the owner or man-
ager of any horse, mule, cow, sheep, swine, cattle or
goat, or any herd of such live stock, to permit the
same to go or range at large or trespass upon the
lands of others within this State, or range upon pub
lie highways thereof unattended, or to permit such
live stock to range over or upon the public highways
of the Commonwealth for the purpose of grazing
thereon. For each and eve y violation of the forego
ing provision, the owner of such animal, or herd of
animals, shall be proceeded against as prescribed in
sections 2,042, 2,049 and 2,050of the Code of Virginia
of 1887, and bs subject to the fines prescribed in said
sections; provided, however, that this act shall not
apply to any lands or territory within the limits of
any incorporated city or town of this Commonwealth.

2. Whenever a petition shall be presented to the
circuit court of any county of this Commonwealth,
signed by a majority of the freeholders cf such county,
or any magisterial district within such county, peti-
tioning said court to order an election of the qualified
voters thereof to determine whether such county or
district thereof shall be subject to the provisions of
this act, it shall be the duty of such circuit court to
order an election, to be held within sixty days from
the presentation of such petition, within such county
or d&trlct, as the case may be, notice of which elec
tion shall be published once a week for four succes-
sive weeks in such of the _ ewspapers published in such
county if it be a county election or such newspapers pub-
lished in the district, if it be a district election, as the
couJt making the order may designate, and also by no-
tices posted at each voting precinct within said «ounty
or district requiring an election to be held to determine
the question whether such county or district will be
subject to the provisions hereof, the question to be
voted upon and printed or written upon the ballot
shall be ''for the stock law," or "against the stock
law," which election shall be held, canvassed and re-
turned in the mode prescribed by law for the holding,
canvassing and returning of county elections, and if
a majority of all the votes cast shall be against the
stock law, then, and in that event only, the provis
ions of this act shall not apply in such county or dis-
trict, and which return shall be duly certified by the
commissioners of election to the said circuit court, and
it shall be the duty of said court to enter of record the

result of such election, and if it be determined against
the application of the law to the county or district,
the said court shall in its order so declare and deter-
mine, and thereafter this act shall be of no force in
such county or district.

3. Nothing in this act shall be construed to alter or
change the laws now in force in reference to the fencing
of lines of railroads and right of way thereof through
this Commonwealth, nor to amend or repeal the exist-
ing laws in force in any of the counties of this Com-
monwealth in regard to the trespassing of stock where
no fence is required.

4. This act shall be in force after January 1, 1904.
This is the form in which Mr. Leake's bill has come

fiom the Committee of the House. Whilst not alto-
gether what we should like, it is an improvement on
the existing laws and should have the support of all
farmers. We would like to see every man's line made
his fence, and every crossing of this line by man or
beast be at the peril of the trespasser. — Ed.

Feed for Hens — Service of Sow.

Will you please tell me what amount of feed and
what hind to give to chickens. I have got 50 laying
hens and get but very few eggs. I am afraid I have
got them too fat, although I keep them scratching all
the time. My chickens are yarded and I feed them
fresh bone every other day. I also have 50 puUeta
and I am not getting very many eggs from them.

Also, will you please tell me if it is advisable to keep
a boar with the sow all the time or just when she is
ready for service t

I always have grit and oyster shells before my
chickens.

Gloucester Co. , Va. Peed Schway.

If our correspondent will refer to our last October
and November issues he will find this subject of feed-
ing hens for egg production very fully discussed. If
the hens are fat, no way of feeding will make them lay.
They must be reduced in flesh by short feeding and
plenty of exercise. Feed plenty of green food, or in
its absence roots.

Put the boar to the sow only when in service, and
after service take him away. — Ed.

THE CHESTNUT QOINQ.

The former millions of wild pigeons of Ashtabula
county, O. , says the Jefferson Sentinel, are only known
to the "oldest inhabitant," and now the chestnut, the
king of all nuts for boys, will soon only be known
as a cultivated nut. Parties at Harriman, Tenn., are
preparing to locate a mill for grinding chestnut tim-
ber into pulp for tanning purposes. It is proposed to
consume one hundred cords per day. At this rate,
and with the destruction the hard headed borer is do-
ing, chestnuts to eat will soon be a thing of the past.
In the early set clement, chestnuts, it is said by early
settlers in Tennessee, were so abundant that the In-
dians, after burning the leaves off the ground, would
pick them up roasted and sell them at the stores for 6i
centa per bushel. — Country Gentleman

1903]

THE 80UTHBEN PLAITTEB.

113

THE

Southern Planter

PUBLISHED BY

HE SOITBERN PLANTER P0BLISHIN6 GOIP'T,

RIOHKOND, VA.

IbSITED on IST OF EACH MoNTH.

J. F. JACKSON,
Editor and General Manager.

B. MORGAN SHEPHKRD,
BUBINSSS Manaosb.

TERMS FOR ADVERTISING.
Bate card fUmlKhed on application.

TERMS OF SUBSCRIPTION.

me BontberB PlaHt«r i« mailed to sub-
svlban In the United States and Canada at
503, per annam ; all foreign oountrlei and the
Oity of Richmond, 75c.

Remittanoes should be made direct to this
OlBo*, either by Registered Letter or Money
Order, which will be at our risk. When made
otherwiie we cannot be responsible.

Wa iMTlte Farmers to write ui on any
•Crlcaltural topic. We are alway« pleased to
raoeive practical articles. Criticism of Artl-
aleo, Suggestions How to Improve Thi
Plahtir, Descriptions of New Grains, Roots,
or Vegetables not generally known. Particu-
lar* of Experiments Tried, or Improved
Methods of Oultivation are each and all wel-
•oma. Contributions sent us must not be ftir-
nlahed other papers until after they hare ap-
Beared in our columns. Rejected matter will
M returned on receipt of postage.

Address- THE SOUTHERN PLANTER,

RICH mono, VA.

Detail Index to Enquirer's
Column.

Planting Bermuda Grass 87

Grass for Past .re 88

Nitrate of Soda on the Oat Crop 88

Canada Peas — Angora Goats 88

Rotation of Crops 88

Peas and Sorghum 88

Cow Peas, Soy Beans, Crimson Clover,

Rape,&c 89

Horse Training — Artichokes 89

Corn-Growing 89

To Kill Wire Grass 89

Maintaining Fertility of Land— Dor-
set Sheep — .~heep for Mountain

Land 89

Nitrate of Soda for Wheat 90

Grinding Bones for Fertilizer — Prep-
aration for Corn— Melon Growing, 90

Alfalfa Growing 90

Cotton Fertilizer —English Peas 91

Grass Seeding 92

Pecans— Grass Seed 92

Improving Mountain Land 92

Fertilizer for Grass and Clover 92

Artichokes —Best Cross for Grade

Hogs 93

Cattle Dying — Texas Fever or Black-
leg— Lice on Hogs 93

Angora Goats 93

Clover Seeding 94

Alfalfa 94

Green Croos for Hogs — Sick Hogs 94

Fertilizer for Garden Crops— Lettuce, 95

Tomato-Growing 95

Hen Manure 95

Budding Peaches 95

Holstein-Friesian Associations 95

Feed for Hens — Service of Sow 112

PUBLISHER'S NOTES.

Our January L sue.

We have been the recipients of
congratulations without number
on our January issue, and what
has been, and still is more pleas-
ing to us, of hundreds of new sub-
scriptions. For these favors, we
beg to tender our warmest thanks
and aesure those who have sent
the messages and subscriptions
that it will be our constant en-
deavor to merit the same by de-
votion to the interests of agricul-
tural advancement in the South.
We would ask that all to whom
we have sent sample copies of the
January issue will carefully read
and examine the same, and note
particularly the low yearly sub-
scription. We feel assured that if
they do this, we may confidently
count upon receiving their sub-
scription to the journal. We asked
in our last issue that each old sub-
scriber should send us at least one
new subscription with their own
renewal. Hundreds have done
this, and hundreds more have
sent us two new names with their
own renewal at our special rate.
May we again urge this request.
There are still thousands of South-
ern farmers who take no agricul-
tural journal. They cannot ex-
pect to make advancement in their
calling until they become readers
and students of the facts, princi-
ples and science underlying the
scientific cultivation of the soil,
and the breeding and feeding of
live stock. If they will read The
Planter regularly, and practice
what it teaches, they will soon see
better results from their labors,
and cease to complain that "farm-
ing does not pay," Every one of
our r'egular subscribers knows of
neighbors who never read an ag-
ricultural paper. See some of
these men, and try to interest

'S "TRADE MARK"

Farm Seeds

are the best that can be obtained
— free from weed seeds and impur-
ities and of st ong germinating
qualities. It is very important if
you desire to secure good stands
and good crops to purchase the
highest grade seeds obtainable.
This you can always do by pur-
chasing ■' Wood's Trade Mark
Brand " of Farm Seeds.

Wood's New Seed Book for 1903

mailed on request tells all about

Vegetable and Flower Seeds,
Grass and Clover Seeds,

Seed Potatoes, Seed Oats,
Tobacco, Seed Corn,
Cow Peas, Soja, Velvet and
Navy Beans, Sorghums,
Broom Corn, Kaffir Corn,
Peanuts, Millet Seed, etc.
Write for Seed Book and prices
of any Farm Seeds required,

T. W. WOOD & SONS,

Seedsmen, Richmond, Va,

THE "LANSINQ" PERFECT
TUBULAR SILO

IS THE BEST SILO MADE.

A. M. D. HOLLOWAY,

Builders' Exchange, Phila., Pa., D. S. A

Write for Catalogue and price.

"BOYS AND GIRLS." Send for latest

game out, " The Magic Orarle." .Sent by return

mail witli our large, new illustrated catalogue,

for only lOcts, in coin (no stanipe).

1 STANDARD SPECIALTY CO., Dept. 1, Anton, Me.

114

IHB SOUTHBEN PLASTER,

[Febraary

them in the matter of reading.
Get them to give you 50 cents,
and let us send The Planter for a
year. Every new subscriber se-
cured enables us to make The
Planter a better journal, and there-
fore benefits not only the new
subscriber, but every old reader.
Give us your help, and we can
yet add thousands of new names
to our list before the winter's sub-
scription season is over.

DEAFNESS CANNOT BE CURED
by local applications, as they cannot
r^h the (lieea-sed portion of the ear.
There is only one wav to cure Deafness
and that is by constitutional remedies
Deafness is causeti by an inflamed condi
tion of the mucous lining of the busta
chian Tube. When this tube gets m
flamed vou have a rumbling sound or
imperfec't hearing, and when it is entirely
closed Deafness is the result, and unless
the inflammation can be taken out and
this tube re.stored to its normal condition,
hearing will be destroyed forever; nine
cases out of ten are caused by catarrh,
which is nothing but an inflamed condi-
tion of the mucous surfaces.

We will give One Hundred Dollars for
any case of Deafness (caused by catarrh)
that cannot be cured by Hall's Catarrh
Cure. Send for circulars, free.

F. J. CHENEY & CO., Toledo, 0.
|»-Sold by Druggists, 75c.

Hall's Family Pills are the best.

WITH THE ADVERTISERS.

The Morewood Farms are new adver-
tisers in this issue. They ofi'er prize-
winning poultry. — >

The Elkhart Carriage and Harness
Manufacturing Co. begins the season's
advertising with a card in another
column.

W W. Boob, maker of buggy and
wagon wheels, renews his advertising
contract for a year, beginningwith this
issue. — rJZ '' -5» ■•■^

A H. Reid, of Philadelphia, is oflTer-
ing his excellent Separator in this issue
to our farmers and dairymen.

H. C. P. is advertising for a position on
a farm in the South where he can learn
the business.

The celebrated BuUfield Farms of Dos-
well, Va , are advertising some well-bred
Poland-Chinas.

W G Owens, proprietor of "The Ce-
dars " Midlothian, Va.. is advertising
Thoroughbred Poultry, Pekin Ducks and
Bronze Turkeys in this issue. _^ ^.i^

Rand, McNally & Co., New York, want
some salesmen for their well-known pub-
lications.

B. W. Stone & Co., Nurserymen,
Thomaiville, 6a., offer some choice stock
in another column.

Schiider Bros., Chillicothe, 0., Grow-

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QUICK HEAUNG POWERS.

IN THE TREATMENT OFDISEASl^S REQUIRING
Wll MN EFFICACIOUS EXTERNAL REMEDY.-

V.\i^:\\:\^A±V\UMUY.\m

^='Prepared Only B v-sr-^r;^

ERT BROSr^C?

^ ^ SOLE PROPRIETORS «=, ^

B A LTiM OH E , /A; Di i

* ^ .:.--U.S.A.--'. ■ i,

EXACT SIZE OF BOTTLE.

TJkXEE NO sxtbstitxtte:.

1803]

THE SOUTHEBN PLAirTEB

115

«r8 of Onion Seed, have an advertise-
ment in this issue.

The Neck of Land Farm, Jamestown,
is for rent, and a good lot of stock, etc.,
•with which it is equipped, is for sale, as
•will be seen by advenisementa elsewhere
in this issue.

R. A.Courtenay,of Pennsylvania, desires
to purchase a good farm of 250 or 3U0
acres. Look uo his ad.

Stratton & Brags, Implement Dealers
and Hardware Merchants, Petertburg.
have an extra half page ail. in this num-
ber. We invite the attention of our read-
•ers to it.

Mrs. J. D. A. Fisher, Salisbury. N. C,
is advertising Thoroughbred Poultry
«lsewhere in this number.

The International Stock Food Co.,
Minneapolis, have a large ad. on another
page. Kindly refer to it and answer the
<}uestions they ask, and get a })3,000 stock
book free

In addition to its Weeder advertise-
ment, the Spangler Manufacturing Co.
offers its celebrated Ccrn Planter to our
readers.

Meyer & Son, Bridgeville, Del., have
made a good hit with their Premo Dew-
berry. They advertise in another column.

A new advertisement this issue is the
Economy Bu.gy Co. of Cincinnati. Look
up their ad., if interested in their line of

The Cyphers Incubator Co. advertises
with us for the first time in this issue.
We take pleasure in referring our poul-
trymen to the card of this company.

The well-known firm of Hench &
Dromgold Co., York, Pa , resumes its ad-
vertisement in this issue. This firm
makes a full line of farm implements,
and offers a seasonable one in another
column.

The Columbus Carriage and Harness
Co. are out with their usual spring an-
nouncement in this issue. They have
been selling their goods from factory to
consumer for a number of years, as many
of our readers well know.

The Oakland Poultry Farm is adver-
tieing Thoroughbred Poultry and Eggs
in this issue.

The Indiana Steei and Wire Fence Co.
is a n^ w advertiser with us this season.
Look up their card on another page.

J. W. Hall is advertising a new Straw-
berry. Look up the advertisement.

J. W. Apperaon & Bro., Yancey's Mills,
are advertising Farms and Homes in
Piedmont Virginia.

The Dairy Association, Lyndon, Vt.,
is advertising its preparations in this
issue.

Gilbert Bros. & Co., Baltimore, have
their usual announcement of Yager's
Liniment in another olumn. Kindly
refer to the advertisement, or better still,
inquire of your merchants for a bottle.
It will be found very useful in emer-
gency cases.

Note the change in the advertisement
of S. L. Allen & Co., makers of the fa-
mous "Planet Jr." Implements.
The Marvin Smith Co. has several ad-

FOUNDED
1802.

GOLD MEDALS :

Paris, 1900. Pan-American, 1901.

J^'X

For over a hundred years have been"universally recognized
as the standard of excellence. They received the GOLD
MEDALS (the highest award) both at the Paris Exposition
of 1900 and at the Pan-American, 1901.

Oijp — the io2d successive annual edition — con-

^ . I tains a more complete assortment and fuller

v-OlQlvlCJUv^ cultural directions than any other seed annual
published. It is beautifully illustrated, not with highly colored
exaggerations, but with the finest half-tones from life photo-
graphs. It contains 128 large size pages, and in addition 16
full page half-tone plates, and is in every respect and with-
out exception the most complete, most reliable, and most
beautiful of American Garden Annuals. We will mail it free
on receipt of 10 cents in stamps, which amount may be
deducted from your first seed order. ....

MclPkCt are invited to send for our special price-list

^ . of high-class vegetable seeds for truckers and

vICll vH^mCI ^ large market growers. It contains all sorts
of approved merit.

J. M. THORBURN & CO.^

36 Cortlandt Street NEW YORK.

Seed for New Leetder Cabbage

is now ready for the public. The greatest money maker ever produced. Will yield big crops of the
finest large, flat, solid, perfect keeping cabbages ever bred. Tested thoroughly, and proven to b
derful improvement over any extra early cabbage now grown. The best of all early flat headed v

Bol^idLivo New Leader

is the cabbage that will make your fields yield you big returns. Write for
large, free illustrated catalogue of Rocky Ford Cantaloupe, Alaska
Peas, Valentine Beans, Oradus Pens and all Sesde, Plants, Bulbs,
etc, for the Garden and Farm. Write now.

J. BOLGIANO S. SON. Dept. P 6, Baltimore, Md.

(^'•Special line of Tiwiato, Cucumber, Radish and alt garden seed."

OLIVE'S PRIDE.

hecond crop Seed Potatoes, etc.

The GREATEST OF ALL NEW STRAWBERRIES.
It contains more coints of excellence
than anv other varieiv introduced la
recent years. WRITE FOR FREE CA.TALOGUE; it tellR you all about this
grand variety and forty other varieties of choice stock free from all diseases.
^ J a._j T..._. .. J.W. HALL, Marion STATION, Mo.

116

THE SOUTHERN PLANTER

[February

OUR LOW HITCH DISC HARROW

Best, simplest, Btrong-
est and most durable
Disc Harrow made. All
steel. Double levers.
Low hitcl). Center
draft. All sizes
With or with-
out seeding
attachmentM.
Write for cir-
culars and
prices.
TOLEDO PLOW CO

Toledo, Ohio.

Don't Monkey with t'DCCDI CCC "
anything but the rCCIlLCOd)

If it is clean, unbroken
peas you want. The
•■PEEHLESS" Is easy to
operate. light to handle,
strong and durable, ele-
gantly finished. Itwill
clean peas to perfec-
llnu, also millet, sor-
ghum seed and velvet
beans. .1. K. Sanders'.s
latest Improved, fully
guaranteed, ^^'o pay
"'---^i-^v^ irelghts. Write to-day
for prices, acldres.s,
PEERLESS PEA HULLER CO. Box V, Dallon. Ga.

Kfausers' Liquid
Extfaci of Sntolte

Snin)<.'!i iru'iit ix-Tfcclly in a

vertisements in this issue. This house
can furnish anything needed on the farm.
Write them for their latest catalogue.

The "Iron Age" Cultivators are gain-
ing in popularity. An ad. of them will
be found in this issue as usual. If you
have not yet gotten the latest ca'alogue,
address the Bateman Manufacturing Co.,
Box 167. Grenlofh, N. J.

Gleason's Horse and Cattle Powder
should be in every stable. Look up the
ad. in this issue.

The Lansing Silo is offered to our read-
ers by A yi. D. Holloway. The silo has
many commendable features, and we in-
vite those interested to write for cata-
logue and prices.

Foutz's Horse and Cattle Powder is ad-
vertised elsewhere in this issue. It is
recommended as one of the finest tonics
on the market. Your dealer probably
sells it. Look up the ad., and write for
pamphlet No. 8, which will be mailed
free.

Tlie DeLoach Mill Manufacturing Co.
are advertising their well-known Pony
Saw Mill. This is a very low priced mill,
and is guaranteed in every particular by
its makers.

The Richmond Plumbing and Mantel
Co. have a half page advertisement in
this issue. They are having a good run
at present on their "Favorite" Range.

Woodland Farm is offering some nice
Dorsets this month.

W. T. Thrasher is advertising Short-
horns at right prices.

The Ruumsy- Williams, C, St. Johns-
ville, N. Y., are offering Gasoline Engines
and Threshers in this number. Get prices
and catalogues.

The Peerless Pea-Huller Co., Dalton,
Ga., is a new advertiser in this issue.
They exhibit splendid testimonials re-
garding the Peerless.

SPECIAL OFFER.

To poultry raisers who read the SoiUh-
ern Planter we will send a leading poul-
try journal, subscription 50 cents, pre-
paid, for one year, if you will fill out the
following blank and forward it to us by
earl y mail :

How many hens have you?

How many chickens do you expect to
raise next year? Do you in-
tend to buy an incubator?

Cut out and mail to the Hawkeye Incu-
bator Company, Newton, Iowa, Box No.
119. Our contract is limited for subscrip-
tions, send at once.

Gasoline is to the country what elec-
tricity is to the city ; with the " big end"
in favor of the farmer, as he can get both
light and power without running wires
or paying bills which are measured out
monthly by the meter system.

As an economical and reliable power
for the farmer, the Engine manufactured
by the Weber Gas and Gasoline Engine
Co., of Kansas City, Mo., seems to have
solved the problem. A mechanical tri-
umph, which requires no engineer, no
fireman — in fact, can be operated as effi-
ciently by the farm hand as by the ex-
pert. A power which is ever ready and
can be run without danger to life or its

STuriP— ^

PULLERS

All Sizes and Prices. Catalogue Free.
MOHLAND & COMPANV,

BURLINGTON, IOWA.

THE IMPROVED

ChanberUi Hfg, Co., Oleu, N. ¥., D. S. A.

STUMP PULLER

Most Powerful. Handiest
and Strongest Built in
the World.

>'e make 4 kindn In sIZM

lit all needs and of any

•ed strength. Saves kim«

and does the work rifiht. The

operation of pulllnff

Btuiupsand trees by oor

methods is simple and

easy. Heud for Fre«

CutillOKilC

CHICAAA STCaP nACIIINE UFO. COt..

" La Salle Street, ChlBaycs lU.

HERCULES STUMP PULLER

Clears an acre af heavy timber land each day.
Cleara all stumps In a circle of 150 ft. without
moving or changing machine. Strongeat,
most rapid working and best made.
Hercules Mfg. Co.. 413 l7thSt..Cantravlll«, Iowa

FREE.

From anxiety over
wash day, .are all who
use a OILLEY QUE'EN
WASHER. We guaran-
tee it to be the best. A
trial machine sent at
factory price. Agents
wanted for exclusive
territory. Write for

catalogue with full description. We will

surely please you.
LYONS WASHING MACHINE CO., Lyons, Mich.

1903 1

THE SOUrMERN PLAISTEB

117

IF WE DID
NOT KNOW

OUR

SPRAYER

AND
SPRAYING
MIXTURE

I lie Best ever de-

' \ isui. we wiiuUl

ij_,' iiDt buy ex pen-

Mve sjiace to tell
) ju about them.
WRITE TO-DAY an^ we vrill Fend
you a Booksliowing llie benefits derived
by tlie Use of our Mixtures and Spray-
ing OutHts.

Lenox SBrayer & Clieinical Co,, Inc.

Dept U PITTSFJELD, MASS.

THE APPLE MAN

abovcall others is the one who needs to spray. Good,
smooth, even sized, disease-free, salable apples are now
an I inpossibility without spraying. For the apple man's
use nothing quite equals our

Century Barrel Sprayer.

Submerged brass cylinder, brass ball valves, everlasting
plunder packing, automatic agitator. Unequalled fo>
durthility, case of operation, free water avays. Eighteen
stjlpBof Bpr»yer8. CaHUi-^uo with form ulna M^ tesdmonUlfl free.
THE DEMINC COMPANY, SALEM, 0H!0.
Western A^ts., llenion & llnbboll, ChJca^o.

Get the Best

A Gootl Spray Pump earns big- —
profits and lasts for years. W

THE ECLIPSEl

good pump. As prac- ■
1 fruit glowers we ■
were using the com-
mon sprayers in our
own orchards— found
their defects and then invented
The Eclipse. Its success
practically forced us into man-
ufacturing on a large scale.
You take no chances. We have
done all the experimenting.

Large fully illustrated
Catalogue ovd Treatise
on Spraying— FREE.

MOKRIIvL A- MORLET, Benton Harbor. Mich.

SPRAY PUMPC

B9 Save Money B9

^^ BY Buying One of Ouks. ^^
They will do as much work, being all brass
are lighter to handle aud are more durable,
will generate a higher pressure thereby mak-
ing ttjem the easiest pumps to operate on the
market. Write forcati>log audgel treatise on
Bpraying free. Agents wanted. Mention this

Baper. J.'F. Gaylord. Successor to P. C. Lewit
linufacturing Csmpany, Catskill. N. C.

Mention the Southern Planter when cor
leaponding with advertisers.

surroundings. Many of these engines,
stationary, or mounted on all iron and
steel trucks, are used for heavy work
throughout the civilized world ; grinding,
shredding, threshing, wood sawing, and
many other classes of work requiring
heavy and light power. This Company
also makes a specialty of a Farm Engine
of 2} H. P., called the " Weber Junior,"
which is used to great advantage on the
farm and about the dairy in operating
small machinery and pumping water for
stock. These little engines are mounted
on a wood base and so constructed as to
be easily moved about as required, the
weight being but 650 pounds.

On every up to date holding will be
found a gasoline engine of such size as
amply meets the requirements.

We are glad to direct the attention of
our readers to the advertisement of the
Field Force Pump Co., of Elmira, N. Y.,
which appears on another page of this
issue. This pleases us in the iirst place,
because these people are old and valua-
ble advertising patrons of ours, and in
the second place it pleases us, because we
know that their goods are satisfactory to
our readers. In any event, we have had
no single complaint since we have been
carrying their advertisement. They make
a fall and complete line of spraying ma-
chinery, apparatus and appliances.

They are manufacturing only such
things as have been thoroughly tested
and have been found to be of merit to
the orchardist and others who find it to
their advantage to spray. Write them
for matter touching the subject of their
specialty.

AN HONEST ANSWER.

Nathan, when a small boy, once drifted
into a Sunday-school, or was dragq;ed
there — accounts differ — and when asked
concerning the chief end of man, merely
shook his head. The question was not
clear. Trying again, the teacher sought
to get from him some idea of moral re-
sponsibility. There was no reply. A
third effort was made by gradually ap-
proaching the subject, the teacher asking
him what he best liked to do.

"Shirk work," was the prompt reply. —
Dr. C. C. Abbott, in February Lippincott's.

The Pastor. — I hope you never swear
when the baby is irritable."

The Parent.— "Oh, no; the baby at-
tends to all that."

" I 've made it a practice to put all my
worries down in the bottom of my heart,
then set on the lid an' smile." — From
"Lovey Mary," The Century, January,
1903.

Government statistics show that the
Miami Valley in Ohio produces better
grain and has purer water than any other
section of this country. It is Nature's
garden. Right in the heart of this favored
spot is our distillery. We have at our
very door the two essentials for produc
ing the finest whiskey in the world — the
best grain and the purest water. Add to
these one of the most completely equip-
ped distilleries ever operated and an ex
perience of 36 years in distilling whiskey

! hnveclTenanoivleaseof life to thousnnds ot oia
i " a^-ons 1 h<..y can be luid in nny desired heik'lit.and
t any « idth of tile up to 8 Inches. Witli a set oftbeso
a «u..eisyoucaniiiafe\v minutes Lave either a high
^o, a l.)w down wa-..,in. Ihe Eleelrlc Unnily
J Wn^on IS made by skilled workmen, of best selecc-
i Pel nniu- rial— white hickory axles, steel wheels, steel
n.ls, etc. Guaranteed to can-y 4000 lbs. Here is
a U..V wa-'on that will save money for you as it
! liusts almost forever.Ourcntalogdesci-ibine the uses
fl of these wheels and wagons sent free Writeforit

1 ELECTRIC WHEEL CO., BOX 146 QtlNCY. ILLINOIS.

WE'LL PAY THE FREIGHT

d ssiJd 4 l!u£g; H krvls. Slul Tira UD, . ^t.SS
-.ilh aubbi-r Tires, $I5,UU. I mfg. whetle ^i lo 4 in.
rea,i. Top Baggies, 828.75; Harness. $S. 60. Write for
imlogue. Ltarn how lo buy vcliirl-i and parts direcL
VagoB tUubrellaFltEE. W.' V. BOOB, t'iacinnali, 0,

MTEST — .,^gs> (Newton'i Pateat.)

DEHORNER oSwrnep
mpRovEo ' — *=^^ Guaranteo^

THOUSANDS IN USE. _

Ajsk your hardware dealer for them or write
■. gu BROWN MFG. CO., - - DEOATITB, ILU

BOSTRON'^ IKIPROVED FARM LEVEL

Pat'd 1902. „„H AND WITHOUT TELESCOPE

Is no MAKESHIFT, but the
best one made for
chingand Drain
$; and SIO, including Tripod
and Rod, Send for descriptive
m Ter-

A Kmd«B€log

SPRAYER

We want to send into CTcry town SP'^^^^K^
and county a sample of our new g^ ff^^/Ct
self-operating Kant-Klog Sprayer.
No farmer, fruit or vegetable grower can aflord to
be without one. They inerea.se crops both in quan-
tity and quality, and double your yearly profit.
•Pft mg^CttTti m »80.00 A DiY is vrhai one
TU AUbN I 9 S ?c<> agent nmrle. Another has
sold and delivered 660 machines and has 100 more sold for
later delivery. With thccomplete dolailcd instructionswescnd
our agents any man of ordin try ahility can do as well.
For further information address,

RochesterSprayPumpCO., 21 East Av. Rochester, N.V-

118

THE BOUTHBBN PT.ANTTCR

[February

HENCHS

20th
Century
Steel Ball Coupling Cultivator

W.th OouDle Rov
HIanlcr and Ferliliicr
Attachment Complete
onOneMaclirnc.
Ilc'l l<'aiii iMori'.

Iilv

III III

and (• I o N 1 n ir Bliovel

TheHENCH& DROMGOLDCO. Mfrs., York. Pa.

FEED MILLS.

EVERY MtN HIS OWN MILLER.

The latest improved. Does all
kinds of work. Moot durable;
baa groun I over 15,000 bushels
without repairer expense The
fastest grinder; has ground 300
bushels In 4 hours. Lightest
draft and lowest price. The
World's Best I Send for prices
to the manufacturers.
N. M. FIELD MFO. CO., St. Louis, Mo.

Ground Feed

KELLY

IDuplexGrindingMill.
Crushes and primis In any
fineness, ahvays tinlfomi Mas
1^ great capacity. l-asyninninR.

THE 0. S. KELLY CO.. Dept. T SPRINGFIELD, OHIO.
The Old Reliable Antl-Frictloo, Four-Rurr

MOGUL MILLS,

No gearing, no friction.
TboUNandH in use. Kour-
horse mill grinds 60 to 80
bus. per hour. Wemakea
full line of Feed Mills, best
ever sold, Inciurtlngihe fa-
mous Iivwa grinder No. 2.
for»12.5C. Send for free cat.

Manufactured and sold by the
Iowa Grinder and Steamer Works, Waterloo, Iowa

Tile "Weber Junior" f •''-•"••■'"•'*- '^^-y •*■
Pumper

im plug water.

OS but Uttle foa-

no I. Bhlpr.o.l

- Jlca cumpletrlf

J ef^etcd, all cuddoc-

iftdo. Easytoilart.any

-jQ oporato It. Every

Kiiarant«ocl. Otlicr eizea

jpio 60 H. P. Send for cnt-

uog. Wnli«r Gas * Oa»()'

Engl no Co.. Box 128

Kaua&a City.

T^

jkDITTO'S J.Tp'kl

if ^g

''," ;.M4 Ball Bearing

JLjMmI i^eed grinder.

u ^MJfi

X^^IQS^ Hnl.l on triiil. \\',.ftHkno

Ai^^^kuI

It _^l«rK-CTt capoclty. (■unicM

fpf • runnlnir mill niont durable.

"^ don't liiip It. Circulars tree.

0. M. DITTO, BOX 48, JOLIET, ILL

and you have a combination that is un-
equaled anywhere. That's why Hayner
VVliiskey is the best for medicinal and
other uses That's why we have over a
quarter of a million satisfied customers.
That's why you should try it. Don't for-
get that it goes direct from our own dis-
tillery to you, with all its original strength,
richness and flavor, carries a United States
registered distiller's guarantee of purity
and age and saves you the dealers' enor-
mons profits. Your money back if you're
not satisfied. Read our offer eleewhere
in this paper. The Hayner Distilling
Company.

HOME, SWEET HOME. LENAWEE
COUNTY.

That's the name of our home county,
and after selling our products here for
over seventeen years, during the last year,
1902, we sold to the farmers in this coun-
ty alone, for their own use, over seventy-
six thousand (7H,000) dollars worth of
Page Fence— our own home county, so
far, being the banner county to use Page
Fence.

If anything would make a company
proud, how ought this to affect us.

Here is where our first fences were
erected, and here the bulk of our experi-
menting was done, and still each year we
sell more fence right here at home than
we did the previous year.

Our average total sales bv months for
the year just passed, 1902, were over
twenty seven per cent, greater than for
the year 1901.

During the latter month of 1902 there
was quite a drop in the price of some
qualities of fence wire, which accounts
for other companies cutting prices a little
below ours, but there was no drop in
prices of the materials of which " Page-
Wire" is made. Indeed, the pig-iron out
of which it is made costs $5.75 per ton
more to-day, December 11, 19C2, than it
did December 11, 1901, and cannot be
gotten for immediate delivery for less
than eight dollars more than it cost a
year ago. See prices in The Iron Age
December 11, 1902, and December 11
1901.

Thus, vou see, our prices mast remain,
at least, as high as last year ; but, not-
withstanding their lower prices, our sales
have been larger than ever before. We
cannot use their kind of wire. It will not
hold the coil feature in our fences.

A FIFTY-FOOT CALENDAR.

N. \V. Ayer & Son, the Philadelphia
advertising agents, who have a national
re|)utation for "keeping eveilastingly at
it," believe in sticking to a good thing
when they have one. For instance, their
calendar for 190.3 follows the design used
for several years past, but with new col-
oring. And in truth, it would be hard
to improve upon their design ; the dates
are plainly readable at fifty feet, yet the
calendar is not unpleasanfly conspicu
ous; it is artistic, simple and useful, and
It is not surptising that it has become so
popular an adjunct to business oilices
thaJt the supply never equals the demand.

While they last, one will be mailed to
any address for 25 cents, which barely
covers cost and postage.

Announcement

additional nianul.ai'lurers who Imve iK-en liilriiiK-
InK unr patent. Tlie rule of law Is : "■I'he maker
seller or user of an infringing deviie are aU liable'
In daiiKiges to the owner of tlie patent infringed."
1 lie .lanesvllle Utaclilne Co. and tlie Keystone
lann Machine Co. arc the only firms licensed to
tm! ajlcl loolh covered hy our patent, and we
Unally warn sellersandiisersof all otlierinakes So
ailuuraljly liavBtliewi.ow-lIallock" Wcedersdone
the work for whi.h they were designed, that one
niakerafteranolhersoughttocopy it. Ilowever
Ipy I he various Courts' decisions, these makei-s are'
luiiipelled to abandon tlie uianufacture of a
W ceder having Hat teeth, and they are now ei-
perhncTiIIng with other shapes; but It is the Hat
toulh ih;,t mafle the "Hallock'' Weeder famous
and 111 vievy of ttienianner in wliich our patent has
been sustained, it IS dangerous to usean InfrlnirinE
tootli. Write for descriptive circularsand prices.
HALLOCK WEEDER & CULTIVATOR CO.,
Box 839 York, Pa.

Heavy lateral wires, heavy hard steel staya.
oolled spring wire. Sure Grip lock. In strength!
appearance, and durability, the Hard Steal
o»nnot be e.Toelled. Write for catalogue anil
price.. THE HARD STEEL WIRE FENCE CO .

Cuyahoga Falls, Ohio

Page Poultry Fence

ipelghs 10 pounds to the rod-bottom wires onlr
M inches apart-and don't cost any more erected
iban a Blazy nettine Send for descriptions.
PAGE \V0VKMWIUKFK!«CKC0.,ADIIUI1|. MICH.

LAWN FENCE

Many designs. Cbeapi

, paKe Catalogoc

free. Sprelal Prlrento Cvr—
t«rleBaDdChDrchf>i. Addr

ARM FENCE

PRICE iIND QUALITY
WILL PLEASE fOU~»

_„. WRITE US NOW.

'DOWWIRE WORKS- Louisville.Ky:

STROMGESW
MADE. Ball.

stron*;. Chlckeiv
tight. Sold to the Farmer at WbolKsaU-
PrlMa. Folly WftrrftDt«d, Catalog Fre»
„ „_„ 1

e.g. 1.

FENCE!

I^^H

Vi'rV >i INDIANA STEEL & WIRE CO.

MUNCIE, INDIANA.

WE PAY S26 A WEEK ^"'> expenses to men
poni.r., r. ^ "'"■'> '•'ss 'o introduce

roultry Compound.

I^TER^aTIO^AL M'F'G. CO., Parsons. Kan.

$1 00.001 ^''"'fo'^I'HEECopyoftllcNEWMAGA.

■ ZINH S,,.T,....I .. W.„n foy J.J. ^ 1

For the BestI Siob. No m..ney requircTin thf!, „..

NA Hi! c" I Enclose 3C. stamp for particulars. NEWS-
A M E I OS THE World Co., Rochester, N. i.

1903 J

THE SOUTHERN PLA-NTBIK.

119

fOUR

MWmi

FRIEND^

J FOR

fmuM

Our money winning books,
written by men who know, tell
you all about

Potscsh

They are needed by every man
who owns a field and a plow, and
who desires to get the most out
of them.

(Ill incr CPU r <^i"l other inaectB oai.
OiN uUOL OUALL be coDtroUed bj aalmi

Ctood'B Canstic Potash Wbal*
Oil Soap, No. 3.

It also prevenU Curl Leaf. Endorsed by u
tomologlsts. This soap is a fertilizer as w«l
as insecticide. 60 lb. kegs, t2.50 ; 100 lb. keei
»4.50. Half barrels, 270 lbs., at SJ^c. per lb.
barrels, 425 lbs., at 3Hc. Large quantltlw
■I>eclal rates. Send for circular.

JAMES GOOD,

Sge-U N. Front St., fhiladelphi*. »•

FRAZER

y^xle Grease tue^worid.
wearing qualities are unsurpassed, ac-
.lly outlasting 3 bxs. any other brand,
t affected by heat. svGet the Ssnain*.
FOR SALE BY ALL, DEALERS. WW

LIME

A6RIGULTURAL
and BUILDERS'

Send lor Circulars and Price-LUt.
FELLSWORTH LIME WORKS

REEVES CATT, Agent,
Bodley, Auguata County, Va.

S.B.ADKINS&GO.

m

4 and 6 Governor Street,

RICHMOND, VA.
EXPERT BOOKBINDERS
and Commercial Pnnters.

MAGAZINES.

The leading color pictures in the Feb
ruary Century — the most novel and curi-
ous in subject of any that magazine has
yet published — are from interesting and
beautiful studies of the aurora borealis
made by Frank Wilbert Stokes while in
the Arctics in the fall of 1892 and are
richly worthy the subject. They repro-
duce in tint for the first time in a popu-
lar magazine the wonderful effects of the
aurora. Mr. Stokes, probablj; the first
real colorist to visit the Arctic regions,
was with the Peary and relief expeditions
on the Kite when he was privileged to
see some color displays worth all the
dangers and privations of the trip. His
word painting is as vivid and interesting
as his color work.

That the Senate is the most powerful
body in the government, that it has slip-
ped out of its orbit and is describing a
larger area in the political heavens than
that which the fathers marked out, that
its constituent elements make the Senate
self assertive, tyrannical and prone to
prefer the material to the moral advan-
tages of the republic, these and many
other statements not altogether compli-
mentary are made and discussed by Hen-
ry Loomis Nelson in his article on " The
Overshadowing Senate" in the February
Century, which is enlivened by plenty of
lively anecdotes and clever pictures by
A. I. Keller.

For those to whom the fiction of the
magazines is always first the February
Century has provided liberally. Lovey
Mary visits Miss Viny and goes with Mrs.
Wiggsand in the family on a picnic which
proves decidedly Wiggsesque. The sec-
ond part of Abigail H. Fitch's " When
the Consul Came to Peking" carries its
characters to safety through some thrill-
ing adventures. ''The Yellow Van" con-
tinues in interest. There is wit in Vir-
ginia Frazer Boyle's "Her Freedom," and
much pathos in Kate W. Hamilton's "The
Baby From Ruggles'e Dip." There is an-
other Pa Gladden story, too, " Knights to
the Rescue," in which Elizabeth Cherry
Waltz takes her gentle, lovable hero on
an unusual errand of mercy.

Arnold's battle with the wilderness is
the dramatic subject of the dramatic
chapter in the February Century, form-
ing the third installment of Justin H.
Smith's " The Prologue of the American
Kevolution." The sufferings and heroism
of that terrible march to Quebec make
sad but inspiring reading. Prof. George
E. Woodberry, editor of the valuable Poe-
Chivers papers, which are concluded in
the February Century, finds in the cor-
respondence evidence that Chivers, who
thought himself a genius, was to Poe, who
really was one, not unlike what Alcott
was to Emerson. William Gage Erving's
storv of his ISOOmile trip from Khartum
to Cairo in an Adirondack canoe is full of
exciting experiences, and tells something
incidentally of Egyptian affairs. "Nobody
associates fires with spinsters in any '
pleasant way," muses Lillie Hamilton i
French in " My Old Maid's Corner," but
her winter night dreams over the ashes
are sweet and wholesome and tenderly
sympathetic. There is much verse in the
number, and the Century's standard of
illustration is maintained.

T TOUR IDEAS

,000 offered for one in-

venlion; SS,500 for anotlier.

B<..iU- "How to Obtain a Patent"

"Whattolnvenf'sentfree. Send

^li sK-etch for free report as to

patentability. We advertise your

p.itent for sale at our expense.

CHANDLEE & CHANDLEE, Patent Attorneys

972, r Street, Wasliingtan.D.C.

AMD SHEEP PELTS TO

McMillan fur &. wool go..

Minneapolis, Minn. ,

WRITE FOB CIRCULARS

Law and Collection Association.

Established 1884. Claims collected
in all parts of the United States.
No collection — no charge.

P. 0. Box 503. 905^ East Main Street,
RICHMOND, VIRGINIA.

120

THE SOUTHERN PLANTER.

[Febraary

evidence:!

Extraordinary Statements Sapported by

Strong Testimony (Iffered by People "
of Four States.

The unuBual claims made for Yager's
Sarsaparilla with Celery, as to its won-
derful effiMcy in curing the many dis-
eases caused by impure blood and weak
nerves, are substantially supported by
unsolicited testimony from many States.

J. F. Brown, of Delmar, Del., says: " I
suffered greatly from rheumatism last
fall and winter, and found no relief until
fused Yager's Sarsaparilla with Celery.
I am now on my third bottle and hope
to be cured permanently."

BKS.SIE K. SiicKi.EV, of Oranda, Va., says:
"I have been taking Yager's Sarsapa-
rilla with Celery for two years, and can
say it is a great medicine ; it ha-i been of
much benefit to me in restoring health.
While taking two bottles I gained 101 lbs."

E. B. Bk.mh.ey, Expert Penman and
Teacher of Public Schools, Lanna, W. Va.,
says: 'During tbe summer and fall of 1899
my health was very bad. I would get
very hungry but could scarcely eat any
thing. I wai weak and losing flesh all
the time. In tbe latter part of tbe fall
every little scatch on my skin woulo
result ir a running sore. I had quite a
number of boils Finally I was so weak
and had such bad health I had to stop
work. On the recommendation of
friends I commenced to take Yager's
Sarsaparilla with Celery, which has
effected a positive cure, .'■ince taking a
course of this valuable medicine I have
never been sick. I have as good an ap-
petite as is necessary for any man, and
am gaining flesh all the time I heartily
recommend it to those afliicted as I was."

Ella Di.\o.n, Montford Ave., Aeheville,
N. C., says : " 1 have taken onlv one bottle
of Yager's Sarsaparilla with Celery,
but it has done me so much good that I
shall continue its use until I become a
healthy woman, as I feel it will ultimately
cure me. I cheerfully recommend it."

These are four statements taken at
random from thousands of similar state-
ments recently received. Yager's Sarsa-
parilla with Celery is sold by leading
druggists, 50c. a bottle. Made by Gilbert
Bros & Co.. Baltimore, JSId.

DON'T NEGLECT, Get a Package
to-day of

GLEASON'S

HORSE and CATTLE

POWDER.

Feed it to your stock and note the re-
sults—they will Improve at once. It is
the most reliable and uiidoubtfdly the
best Powder for all kinds of stock. It
can be had from any dealer, so ^Ive it
a trial. Prepared by

GILBERT BROS. & CO , Ballimore. Md.

Honey-Tolu

CURES THE CROUP.

The prominent feature in Lippincott's
Magazine is always a complete novel.
That contained in the February number
is by Alice Duer Miller, entitled "A Man
of His Word." IMrs. Miller, by the way,
belongs to a popular New York story-
writing family. Both her mother and
sister are well-liked contributors to the
leading magazines. The motive in "A
Manof His AVord" is the moral obliga-
tion of a member of the Four Hundred
to marry a young school-teacher because
her mother'had saved his life at the ex-
pense of her own. Before her death she
whispers to her debtor, " Marry my
daughter." On this foundation the author
has built a tale of compelling interest
and infinite diversion.

In addition to the novel, eight striking
short stories enliven the pages of the
February Lippincott's" W. A. Fraser's
"The Capture of the Canton" is a rattling
good yarn of the sea. Beulah Marie Dix
contributes one of her striking and unu-
sual stories called " The Scythe in the
Oak Tree " This is a Puritan incident
where a man's " masterful temper" runs
up against a younger man's obstinacy.
" Deceivers Ever," by R. E. Vernede, is a
bright sketch of a pretty, perverse girl
who hated boys. The cause for sui-h a
sentiment is the point of the story. Elliot
Flower calls his humorous story "The
Demure Wife of Ned Barrett." An oblig-
ing friend of the husband's who consents
to entertain her for a while is doubtful
about the applicability of the adjective.
" Brother Johnsing's 'Sperience," by Ella
Middleton Tybout, has to do with a
'• brother" of color whb is wont to stray
from his own fireside. Clinton Danger-
field writes a tale called "A Game of
Chess" which has great dramatic quali-
ties. The game is played between lovers.
The man's life is staked on it, but his fair
antagonist, unaware of this, uses all her
skill in his undoing. "A Race Through
the Night" is an exciting automobile
story by Edgar Jepson ; and " Till A'
the Seas Gang Dry" are letters written
by a young widow to her " dear depart-
ed." It is the collaborated work of Mary
and Rosalie Dawson.

A novel and attractive feature of the
February St. Nicholas is an operetta in
three acts, " Prince Charming's Fate," by
Catherine C. Lovell, the full production
calling for nineteen characters besides
lords and la<lies, heralds, guards and
pages, a gipsy tribe and a corps de ballet.
The scenes are laid in the Kingdom of
Imagination, and Prince Charming is the
" leading man." There are directions for
the stage business and costuming; and
the girls and boys and their elders should
have much enjoyment from " Prince
Charming's Fate."

Most important of the stories in the
February St. Nicholas, of course, is the
new installment of Howard Pyle's "The
Story of King Arthur and His Knights,"
which tells of the Sable Knight and how
King .\rtluir fought with him, even unto
grievous wounding. Tudor Jenk's " The
Castle of the Beeches" is a good, old-fash-
ioned story of buried treasure. Jack Lon-
don's " In Yeddo Bay" will delight every
adventurous, loyal American lad. Charles
Newton Hood's "The North Shore Lim-

This illustration was made from the
photograph of a field of Timothy.
The portion on the left was not,
that on the right was, fertilized with

Nitrate of Soda

400 pounds to the acre. Every far-
mer is interested in getting the
heaviest possible yield of grass.

The latest edition of our Dullelin, " Food
for Plants." contains an e.-scellenl article on

" Grass Growing for Profit." with proof
that the yield of barn-cured hay may he in-
creased 1000 pounds per acre for each loo
pounds of Nitrate of Soda used, will be sent
/><■<■ to ail interested. Send name on Post Card.

SALESMEN WANTED IMMEDIATELY

For Rand, XrcNally & Company's "Practi-
cal Farming and Gardening" covering soil
fertllHy, irrigation, drainage, cron culture,
gardening, trucking, fruits, forestry, pruning,
grafting, budding, training ihe giape, Injuri-
ous Insects, plant diseases, spraying, selecting
and feeding farm animals for profit, diseases
of farm animals, silos and silage, making
poultry pay, hand.v rules, useful information,
farm cooker.v : a new work covering ail local-
ities ; destined to have an extensive sale;
those first in the lield will have the advan-
tage; exclusive assignment of territory ; new
plan of work makes it sell at sight; no pre-
vious experience necessary; immediate re-
turns guaranteed ; permanent employment.

Address
RAND. McNALLY & COMPANY,

142 Fifth Avenue. New York.

•?• iA£ K N T E D f

Competent poultryman desires correspon-
dence wltQ men having; capital with a view
of establishing a Market Poultry and Duck
Plant the coming summer. Salary expected,
until business is on a paying basis. Qood
references given from former employers.

Those with land but no capital need not
answer. Address
JH. S., CARESOUTHERN PLANTER.

i^TAT jil ro^ 7 e: D €

Situation on a farm in the southern half of
the State of Alabama, by a Chicjigo man, ZA
years old, single, who wlshe? to study south-
ern farming. Best of reference given. Cor-
respondence solicited. Addre-s.-s

H. C. P., The Southern Planter.

SITUATION WANTED.

I.i years practical experience with poultry.
Understand artlUcial incubation. Caponiz-
ing and raising capons for market.

R. RANDOLPH CUYLER, - Orangre.Va,

WANTED— POSITION

As manager of a stock or grain farm by a
young man, a graduate of an Agricultural
College. Can give good reference. Address
CLARENCE SYMNS linsioe, w. v*.

1903 J

THE BOUTHBBN PLAlTTBlt.

121

BLENDED PANSY

A TEST OFFER
FOR lO f'ENTS

For 10c. in Stamps or Coin we will mall
you one packet of our BLEMDED PANSY
SEED, comprising all the bright rainbow
colorings imaginable— a veritable flower
garden-tot ether with our Illustrated An-
nual ( FREE), containing valuable hints
on flower seed culture.

WM. ELLIOTT S SONS,

Dept. F. s4=S6 Dey St., New York.

2IO Kinds for 16c.

S;Uzer'a seeds are found In J
^ and on more farms ibao^
■ in America. __

ir this. We own and op-
oouo acres for ttie produc-
c'loico seeds. In order to ^

, e you to try them i;

the following unprecedented oirer:|

For 16 Cents Postpaid ^

25 Bor's iTondfirful oaioos,

Sa|ioerlp?iS Ipltuce varieties,

S5 rare luscious radtob,

S0 8)>lrnilitl beet sorts,

*5slorlou!il7 bpiicliful flower eeeds,^

all CIO kind^ positively fumisliing

ud lots
ables. togeth-i
ae telling all /

Oiihn) fccd at bat 00c. a ponnd.
JOHN A. SALZER SEED CO.,
La Crosse. Wis.

1,000,000

CABBAGE PLANTS For Sale

Varieties: Charleston Wakefleld. Brill's
Early Flat Dutch. Price, cash i.o. b. Charles-
ton, 81.25 per 1,000, $1 00 per 1,000 above 5,000.
ALSO 500.000

GIANT ARGENTEl IL ASPARAGUS ROOTS,

1 and 2 years old. grown exclusively from
Imported seeds, at 85.00 per 1,000.
ALFRED JOUANNET, Mount Pleasant, S. C.

NEW CROP TOBACCO SEED.

Cabbage, Tomato, Radish, Lettuce,
and all seed for hot bed.

Send for Catalog of Garden, Farm
and Flower Seed.

DIQQS & BEADLES, Inc..

SEEDSMEN, 1711 E. Franklin Street,
Long Dlltance 'Phone 2966. RICHMOND, VA.

ited" has the merit of being as true aa it
is exciting. Joseph Blethen's "The Fire
Cat" gives beside its thrills a fascinating
storv of an Indian superstition and an
Indian hero's bravery. Some animal
sketches, an account of child life in Ger-
many and verse and pictures, written and
designed for the hearts and eyes of the
girls and boys, fill up the February num-
ber.

PIONEER FARM IMPLEMENT
MAKER.
The pioneer manufacturer of the all-
steel harrow was Mr. Roderick Lean,
founder of the Roderick Lean Manufac-
turing Co., of Mansfield, Ohio. From a
meagre beginning in a small blacksmith
shop to the largest barrow works in the
world, is the typical illustration that true
merit wins. Early in his career he real-
ized that to merit success his product
must not only be right in principle but
also right in construction and material —
honest through and through. The evi-
dence that be applied in practice what
he believed in theory, is proved by the
universal use and recommendation by
farmers throughout the length and
breadth of this country, of Roderick Lean
harrosvs, land rollers, band carts and
other farm implements. Their catalogue
is sent free on request.

INCUB,\TORS vs. HENS.

Artificial Incubation by Far the Most
Satisfactory.
The fact is generally recognized by
farmers and poultrymen, that to success-
fully meet business compstition, the in
cubator is a necessary acquisition. The
question of quantity is not the only
point of vantage over the hen's ruethod
of raising her brood, but quality is also
to be considered. The chick that owes
its existence to the incubator and passes
the earlv stages of life in a brooder in-
herits a stronger vitality and is less sub-
ject to the attacks of disease and vermin
that beset the life of the chick that
breiks through the shell in the chicken-
house nest.

I'he success of the incubator and brooder
has created an industry that has rapidly
grown to large proportions. Easily the
leaders in this enterprise is the George
Ertel Company, of Quincy, 11!., the
makers of the celebrated Victor Incuba-
tor. An idea of the magnitude of their
business can be formed from the state
ment that in one day of February, 1902.
thev made the enormous shipment of
five carloads of Victors, covering orders
from every part of the world.

The Victor has many proven points of
superiority — the claim that it will hatch
ever}' fertile egg is based on many record
cases where 100 per cent, hatches have
been realized. This is the crucial test of
worth in an incubator — success in its pri-
mary purpose — and should be the first
point considered in purchasing a ma-
chine.

The Ertel Company is a long estab-
lished firm, and their products are
known and appreciated in every part of
the world.

A very valuable book about poultry
raising and breeding, illustrating and

^^?srs^*

Are Reliable Seeds

The best crop3 come from stte:^ tlmt ure thrown It
best suited tn their proper develop-

West. THi3i3 our speci;il business.

A Large Crop

Is dependent upon the eharafter of the seed
you sow. We can please you. Everythiiip: for the
Garden and Field. Prices riffht tor choice stoclc.
Full and completelineot Kami, Garden, Dairy and
Poultry Supplies. Write for new cataloR No. 10,
free. HanHsoinerthanever; cnntainsmuch inform-
ation. All Farmers and Gardeners should have it.

CniFFlTH & TURNER COMPANY,
20B N. Focn Street, Balllmore, MaryUnd.

WINES APS

I have for sale several blocks of the
finest two-year old Winesaps Apple trees
ever grown in the State. The trees are
well branched and measure from five to
eight feet in height Trees are dug from
the nursery the day they are shipped.

8c. each for the finest in lots under 100.

7c. " " " " " over 100.

6 to 7c. wholesale.

CHAS. F. HACKETT, Manager,

Bonavista Narseries,
Albemarle County, Greenwood, Va.

FIVE=EAR CORN

I have been planting this corn for 4
or 5 years, and never expect to plant
any other kind. Ou ordinary land it
makes from 25 to 80 bushels per acre.
On 1% acres last year I gathered over
70 bushels. It Is a flrm, while corn,
and keeps well; ears under medium
size. Averages about three ears to the
stalk, some stalks having as many as
Ave and six ears. Every farmer ought
to plant It. Hena 15 cents in stamps
for a start— enougbt to make jou two
or three buphelf. .Will send one peck
by express, collect, for 75 cents.

W. M. HOBBY,

Sylvania, Qa.

Georgia melon Seed.

"HOW TO GROW MELONS,"

FREE.

Write for prices of .Select
Pure Melon Seed.

B. W. STONE & CO., Thomasville, Qa.

Mention The Southern Planter.

122

THE 80UTHEBN PLANTER.

[Febmary

ELMWOOD NURSERIES.

ASPARAGUS

100.000 2-yr.-oia Asparagus roota,
6 varieties A special rate of $350
per icon for 2 mos. for BARR'S,
PALMETTO, CONOVER.

APPLES

A large general assortment, in-
cluding WINESAP8 and YORK
IMPERIALS.

Splendid Assortment of

Ornamental. Shade

and Fruit Trees.

Splendid lot of POLAND-CHINA
pigs ready for shipment. Also pure
BARRED PLYMOUTH ROCK,
BROWN LEaHORN, BRAHMA
fowls at $1 eacti.

WRITE FOR OUR CATALOGUE.

J.B.WATKINS&¥o..Hallsboro,Ya.

APPLE TREES

The Bonavlsia Nurseries will have some
•xcepllonally fine apple trees for orchard this
year. Wine Saps. Paraeon (M. B. Twig),
York Imperial (J. F. Winter), Albemarle
Pippin, etc.

We did not have a complaint last season.
Every tree Is perfeci. and guarantead, taken
from the nursery block the day It is shipped,
carefully packed.

Our prices are the lowest.

CHAS. F. HACKETT, Manaeer,

Qreenwood, Va.

MONEY IN STRAWBERRIES

Ir you GET (JooD Plants. One of ray cus-
tomers the past season sold JIKXl.OO worth of
Htraw'peirles from one acre. 1 sold him the
plants for lai. You can do the sau.e If vou
buy the best— and Unit's the kind 1 have.
CataU g ! H. LIGHTFOOT, Ch>tlanooga. Tenn.

ONIONSEED.

We are large growers of Onion Seed,

and can quote attractive prices.
Write us when you are ready to buy.
Estaolishcd 1876.
SCHILDER BKOS., - Chlllicothe, O.

1,000 Bushels SEED CORN.

Horte loiilh variety. rjOc. per bun.

200 Bushels BLACK PE'S.

200 Bushels SOJA BEANS.

W. H. WILSON, St. Bridea, Va.

giving full information about the Victor
machines will be sent to all who request
it. It is not a mere advertisemj; circu-
lar, but a book valuable as a work of
reference. It is free for the asking.

In addition to having distributing
points all over the country so that he
maj' fill orders from any quarter in the
least piBsible time, Duane H. Nash, the
manufacturer of the famous Acme Har-
row, of Millineton, N. J., makes fair con-
ditions for the patron to become ac-
quainted with the implement which he
manufactures,

Mr. Nash will send the Acme Harrow
to any farmer, and will give ample time
for its thorough trial and test.

If the purchaser does not find it en-
tirely satisfactory, he may return it at
Mr. Nash's expense. This is a most fair
and honest proposition, and relieves the
purchaser from all element of chance in
the expenditure of his money. The de-
cision is left entirely in his hands, and
he may render it according to his best
judgment after trial.

These harrows are delivered free on
board at distributing depots conveni
ently located, and can therefore be de
livered promptly.

In commendation of Mr. Nash and
his business methods, and the quality
and utility of the Acme Harrow, we
must say that in all the years during
which we have carried this advertising,
we have never heard a single complaint
against either of them. The implement
is too well known to require commenda-
tion at our hands.

Write Mr. Nash for printed matter,
prices and terms of free trial

REPORTS.
U. S. Department of Agriculture, Wash-
ington, D. C. Report of the Secre-
tary of Agriculture. Departmental
Reports for ^he year ending June 30,
1902.

Eighteenth Annual Report of the Bu-
reau of Animal Industry for the year
1901.

Rules and Regulations in regard to
Renovated Butter in accordance with
the Act of Congress approved May 9,
1902, and information concerning
Adulterated Butter.

Report of the Editor for 1902.

Experiment Station Record, Vol. XIV,
No. 5.

Bureau of Plant Industry. Bulletin
.31 Cultivated Forage Crops of the
Northwestern States.

Farmers' Bulletin 163. Methods of
Controlling the Boll Wet^vil.
California Experiment Station, Berkeley,
Cal. Report of Work of the Agri-
cultural Experiment Station for the
years 1898-1901.

Bulletin 142. Grasshoppers in Cali-
fornia.

Bulletin 143. The California Peach
Tree Borer.

Bulletin 144. The Peach Worm.

The Red Spider of Citrus Trees.

New Method of Grafting and Budding
Vines.

At* one S

HALF THE COST

Lion Coffee

has better strength and
flavor than many so-call-
^ed "fancy" brands.

Bulk coffee at the same
price is not to be com-
pared with Lion in quality.

In I lb. air tr;;ht,
seated packages.

"Feeds^i^Feeding"

Prof. Henry's Great Book for

Farmers and Stockmen.

Delivered anywhere for - I2.0O

*it.h the SOUTHERN PLANTER, 2-25

GREENSBORO, N.C.

For the treatment of THE LIQUOR, OPIUM, MORPHINE .n*
other Drug Addictions. The Tobbacco Habit, Nerve Exhaustion

PreamSEPABATORi

^# All about them and other things for the
dairy and creamery. A. H. REID, Phila.. P«.

$20.00

will buyan "0" size Eclipse
hand cream Separator— 1 to
3 cows— in perfect condition.
AMES, CLAREMONT, V«

WINIED

'WANTED-

A spcoiirt hand ONE-HORSE TREAD
POWER. Must lie in good repair. Wive
full particulars style, age, maker's name,
condition and lowest price.

A. S. CRAVEN, - Qreenwood, Va.

GASOLINE E^GINE SECOND-
HAND PUMPING APPARATUS
and WOOD SAW.
H. H. MESCHENDORF, Forest Depot, Va.

Strawberry Plants

AVe grow lliem on virgin soil, conse-
quently tliey are free from disease and
true to name. Leafing varieties, 81.65
per 1.000 and up. Every one says we
have the finest plant-bed the.y ever saw.
ij acres In plants. Circular free.
JOHN IIGHTFOOT. - Sherman Heights. Tenir.

GINSENG SEED

We offer for sale a limiled quantity of fresb
seed, which we guarantee to be Qrstqaality,
»10 per 1,000. Address

COMMERCIAL GinSEKG CO., Crozet, Va.

Mentioa tlu Southern PiaiUrr when
writine advei »«»erB.

1«03.]

THE BOUTHEEN PLAJiTrEE.

123

/ CariSellYpur Fann

letrnhow. Est. "96. Highest references, b^ces in 14 cities.

W. M« Osuander, ikj<6N. a. Bld^., Philadelphia

Virginia Farms

All prices and sizes. Free list on application.
WM. B. PIZZINI CO., Rlchmeiid, Va.

GO soon.

For full p«rticularB

write A. JEPFERS,

Norfolk, Va.

VIRGIHIA FARMS

$3 PER ACRE AND UPWARDS.

Eabv Payments. C*TALOaue Fhcc.

eSO. E. CRAWFORD & CO.. Richmond, Ys.

Established 1875.

> stock section of VIBO-INIA.
Best climate and water In the U. 8. Near
rreat markets, with best educational adTan-
laees. For further information, address

ALBEMARLE IMMIGRATION CO.,
Bam'i. B. Woods, Pres. Charlottesville, Va.

"PIEDMONT XS.??'

Good land, climate, markets, shipping fa-
cilities, churches, schools, good health, mode-
rate prices, eas.v terms.
MACON & CO., - Orange, Va.

IV-A.NTSD TO BXJY

A Farm of about 250 or 300 acres, near R. R.
station and town. Land must be first clasR in
eevry way. With good buildings. Am willing
to pay fair price for sucli a place. Anyone
bavlng such a farm for sale, can address
R. A COURTNAY, 339 Wyoming Ave .Scranton. Pa_

— FARMS —
ORCHARDS and HOMES

In the best fruit and agricultural
sections of Virginia.
Virginia Buoklet and information free.

J. W. APPERSON & BRO., Yancey Mills, Va.
FOR SA.X.E:.

" DAIRY and POULTRY FARM."

Large house, plenty of out buildings In good
order, SOJ;^ acres of highly iraproved land, with
stock, crops and all equlpraenis. 6 miles from
Richmond. A bargain can be secured in this
property. Address

"DAIRY," care Southern Planter.

FOR RENT.

To a good tenant ou shares or otherwise, a
fine, improved farm at Jamestown. Va. 1,100
acres cleared land, stocked with cattle, sheep,
horses and mules and all necessary imple-
ments. Finest farm on the peninsula. Apply

NECK OF LAND FARM,

Jamestown, Va.

WANTED TO SELL.

Having a government position. I am com-
pelled to sacrifice my apiary, poultry and
fruit bnsinese located on 15 acres of fertile
land on navigable tidewater river, about 25
miles from Richmond; six-room dwelling,
kitchen, hen-house, about 60 colonies of bees,
Implements, etc. No malaria; very healthy.
Price, real estate, 8750 ; bees, etc., about $250.
B. F. BITCHIE, - Bichmond, Va.

Illinois Experiment Station, TJrbana, III.
Bulletin 79. The Corn-Bill Bugs in
Illinois.
Bulletin 80. Methods and Results of
Field Insecticide Work Against the
San Jose Scale.
Bulletin 81. Forcing Tomatoes.
Kansas State Board of Agriculture,
Topeka, Kas. Report of the Board,
1901-1902. This, like all the reports
of this Board prepared under the di-
rection of Mr. F. D. Coburn, the
well-known Secretary, is a volume of
great interest and value not only to
Kansas, but to all farmers every-
where. The Report makes an octavo
book of 1,118 pages, with a full Index
in addition. It gives valuable infor-
mation upon Shorthorns Herefords,
Aberdeen-Angus, Galloway, Red
Polled, and Polled Durham cattle;
the breeding, rearing and fattening
of farm animals ; the growing of al-
falfa and numerous other crops, and
full statistics of the products of each
county in the State. It is a sample
of what such a report should be, and
makes the reports of our own State
Board and many other States look
miserable subterfuges.
Louis'ana Experiment Station, Baton
Rouge, La. A Report on the Geol-
ogy of Louisiana.
Minnesota Experiment Station, St An-
thony Park, Minn. Bulletin 75. Fat-
tening Lambs of Different Grades.
Oats as a Factor in Feeding Lambs.
Balanced and Unbalanced Rations.
Bulletin 76. Fattening Steers of Dif-
ferent Types. Feeding Steers for Short
and Long Periods. Feeding Steers
in the Stable and the Open Shed.
Bulletin 77. Insects Notably Injurious
in 1902.
North Carolina State Board of Agricul
ture, Raleigh, N C. Bulletin, No
vember, 1902. Miscellaneous Sub-
jects
Columbus Horticultural Society, Colum-
bus, O. Journal of the Society, De-
cember, 1902.
Pennsylvania State Board of Agricul-
ture, State College, Pa. Bulletin 61.
Annual Report of the Director.
Hampton Institute, Hampton, Va. Na-
ture Study Leafletf, No. 8. Winter
Buds.
Virginia Weather Bureau, Richmond, Va.
Report for December, 1902.
Department of Agriculture, Richmond,
Va. Annual Report of the Commission-
er of Agriculture. This is a small octavo
volume of 170 pages, of which the Report
of the Commissioner occupies three pages,
the report of the manager of the test farm
in Charlotte county 21 pages, and the
report of the chemist 13 pages. The bal-
ance of the book is mainly made up of
clippings from agricultural and other
journals published in various parts of the
country. The only suggestions of the
commissioner for making more efficient
the work of the department for the ad-
vancement of the agricultural interests
of the State are one in favor of an appro-
priation for the execution of a pure-food

IF YOU WISH TO SELL

OR. BUY

VIRGINIA LANDS

Communicate with us. Write for free
"Virginia Real Estate .lournal," con-
taining many i-plendid bargains.
R. B. CHAFFIN & CO.. Inc.,

No. 1 N. 10th St., Richmond, Va.

WE HAVE A LARGE LIST OF

FRUIT, POULTRY and TRUCK FARMS.

Ten, Fifty and One Hundred Acres each, with
good buildings, close to steam and trolley

lines, easy access to the city. Also

QRAIN AND STOCK FARMS

From lOO to 1.000 acres at low prices, all th»

way from ;5 to «50 per acre. Write for

Catalogue.

THE VIRGINIA LAND AGENCY. RIclimand, a.

J. R. HocKADAT, Manager.

linilCC AND THE PLACE TO
nUlfICO FIND THEM..^^

No place in the United States can a man
do 80 well at farming, for the money in-
vested, as in Virginia. Lands are cheap ;
climate good, and the best of market*
close at hand. It is the State of all
others, for a comfortable all the year
round home. The James River Valley
Colonization and Improvement Company
offer superior advantages to land pur-
chasers. For free 36 page land pamphlet,

VV?A. PARSONS, Vinita, Va.

"Crop Growing
I Crop Feeding'

j BY PROF. W. F. MASSEY.

383 Pp. Cloth, $1.00; Paper, 60c.

We oiler this splendid work in connec-
tion with the Southern Planter
at the foil lowing prices:

OW or new subscriptions.

The RICHMOND, FREDERICKSBURG

and POTOMAC R. R.
and WASHINGTON SOUTHERN R'Y

Form the Link connecting the

Atlantic Cost Line R. R.,
Baltimore and Ohio R. R.,
Chesapealce and Ohio R'y,
Pennsyivania R. R.,
Seaboard Air Line R'y
and Southern R'y.
Between all points, via Richmond, Va.
Fast Mall. Passenger ard Express Route be-
tween Richmond, Fredericksburg, Alexan-
dria, Washington, Baltimore. Philadelphia,
New York, Boston, Pittsburg, Buffalo and All
Points North, East and West.
I W. P. TAYLOR. Traffic Manager, Richmond, Vi,

124

THB 80T7THBRN PLAIITEB.

[Febraary

CYPHERS

GUARANTEED.

It is to give uniformly bigger
per cents in hatches than any
other incubator, or your money
back. Self-reKulatin«. self-vcn-
tilating. supplies moisture auto-
matically. The machine that
makes its ownwayinto all parts
of the world. Our brand new
poultry book of l*'o paiies shows
Cyphers Incubator and Brooder scenes in this

and

htry, hnfjlanj. German,', Moll:

jsses from practical and scientilic standpoints al-
rry phase of the poultry business. It is without
the greatest catalofpic and general

.. „ poultry work

ever issued. It is free, but we ask you to send us the post-
age, 10*:. Write to-day f..r Book No. 177 Circulars free.

The Automatic

Sure Hatch

30

s Free Trial

luatlc. Nev

iilutor— (rreatestimprn

incubators. No conipIk-aiJons.

of the bcsi

direct^i

niado

illnstratfa catalogue free.

SURE HATCH INCUBATOR CO.,

Clay Center, Neb. or Columbus, Ohio

onublc price. Don't pay double for ouiof dati

The PRAIRIE STATES

KEEP AT THE HEAD
More made-more sold-
pri:;es won than
ILL OTHERS Combined,
3---ad for catalocie-just out-fin-
est ever le sued. Monti on this pape:
PRAIRIE STATE INCUBATOR Co.
HOMER CITY , Pa,, U.S.A.

342

FIRST

PRIZES

WON

RELIABLE GUARANTEED.

he KtlluMe

molitur., I

Yards Fine Poultry, g^^ Bell>bl.l»h, andBn

BoxB II ,. qiiino,. 111.

Build Your Own Incubatof,

(rat4-<l I'lans Bad lo^ti^cUunH

ng Incubators and Brooders hy
which a SOO-Kge Hot Water (Q

How 10 flake 0

d Sato HoDey ,,Illi aa
-AOKSTS WiNTKU.

rnA>x«>N.sM>>r .( <i»..iiii.i. lan jjuin

VICTOR,
INCUBATORS

-J \i

MARK YOUR STOCK.

U«e the

KENTUCKV ALUMINUM EAR LABEL.

Made by F. H. J ack.son & Co., Winchester,
Ky, Write to them for free gamples.

law and another authorizing the depart-
ment to analyze minerals and mineral
waters, neither of which it would seem
to U8 would amount to much in the way
of helping firmers to make their labors
more profitable. When one considers the
cost and expenditures of the Department,
which amounted in the year to $.35,070.10
actually expended, and $8,500 in addition
appropriated for work not yet executed,
and the showing of the work done, as ex-
hibited by these short reports, it would
seem that, like Falstaff's celebrated tav-
ern bill, there is an " intolerable amount
of sack to very little food." The salaries
and commissions of the officers of the
Department and the oflice expenses
pniount to $8,930.12, nearly as-much as
c Legislature (when the Department
was given an appropriation and the fer-
tilizer tax was turned into the treasury),
appropriated fer the whole cost and ex-
penses of the Department and the cost of
the fertilizer inspection. Now, in addi-
tion to this outlay, there is an additional
one of $6,.S97.U for expenses of inspec-
tion. iSurely this is an extravagant out-
lay for the work done ami recults attain-
ed. We are also disappointed at the re-
sults obtained at the test farm, as dis-
closed in the manager's report. Perhaps
it would be unjust to charge or blame
this wholly to the manager as he seems,
like the Israelites of old, to have been
expected largely to make bricks without
straw, notwithstacdingthe fact that there
has already been expended on the farm
during the vear $9,843.04, and appropria-
ted for it, but not expended, .$4,500.00.
He complains that he cannot make com
rlete experiments and give the results
reached frooa lack of scales to weigh his
crops, and we judge from lack of measure
in which to measure them, as he gives
estimates of the production in many cases
where actual measure ought to be given,
even to fractions of a pound. Experi-
ments conducted on such a loose system
aa this can never result in supplying re-
liable data for the guidance of farmers.
Judging from the amount alrealy spent
on the farm and appropriated for it, and
the lack of equipment as yet for carrying
on the work of an Experiment Station as
disclosed in the manager's report, it
would seem that this gift is likely to
prove rather a costly one for the State
before it makes any" returns. Frankly,
when one compares what is being done
by the Department of Agriculture of this
State with that done by the Department
of Agriculture of the State of Kansas, as
disclosed in each case by the reports sub-
mitted by the executive officer of each
department, both of which reports the
Virginia one of 170 pages, the Kansas
one of 118 pages, are now lying before us,
we are compelled to feel ashamed and
humiliated at the poor showing made by
tfiia State. It is time for an awakening of
interest in the Department by those in
whose interest it is supposed to be run
and who supply the funds to run it by a
tax levied upon the fertilizer they use,
which tax they as certainly pay as though
collected directly from them. So far as
one is able to gather from the report the
function of the Boa-d of Agriculture is
now simply that of an auditing commit-
tee for a fertilizer inspection department.

Moorewood Poultry Farm,

Chesterfield Co., - Wisevllle, Va.

BRBBDERS OF

HlgliestrGiade Barred Plymouth Roclt,
White Wyandotte, Black Minorca and
Partridge Cochin Fowls. We won 19 prizes
at late Richmond Show. Breeding stock
and eggs for sale at al 1 times. If you mean
business, write for Handsome and Valu-
able Illustrated Catalogue and Poultry
Guide. Write to-day.

PURE BRED, PRIZE-WINNING

^ FOWLS ^

MAMMOTH BRONZE TURKEYS.

We have the winuiug pen of Madison
Square Garden Show. Gobbler weighs 45
lbs. ; beus, 26 lbs.

PEKIN DUCKS. . .

Prize-winning drake at Philadelphia and

New York Madison Square Garden. Young

ducks weigh 14 lbs. pt-r pair.
PLYMOUTH ROCKS, Barred and White.
WHITE HOLLAND TURKEYS.

A limited number fowls and eggs for sale.
Also pure bred P0L.4ND CHIN.A.S. SHET-
LAND PONIES. HORSES, and RED POLLED
CATTLE, the milk, butler and beef breed.
ALBEM.VRLE PROLIFIC SEED CORN.

ARROWHEAD STOCK FARM,
Sam'l B. Woods, Prop. Charlottesville, W«.

QRANITE POULTRY YARDS.

^ Fine Laying Strains <^

BIRRED PLYMOUTH ROCKS
Silver LigedWYANDOITES

My best pen of Silvers will be headed this
season with a fine cock direct from Mr. J. T.
Orr, out of his famous laying htraln of Silver-
Laced Wyandottes. EGGS at 81 00 per setting
of 15 at Express Office, Salisbury, IN. C.

Mrs. JOHN D. A. FISHER,

R. F. D. No. 3, Salisbury, N. C.

BARRED and BUFF

PLYMOUTH ROCKS

Cocks and Cockerels, 81.50 and 81.00 each,

trios, 85.00.

FRED NUSSEY, ■ Summit. Spotsylvania Co., Va.

1903. J

THE SOUTHERN PLAHl'BB.

125

..HOLLY8ROOK FARM..

EGGS^"SETTING

From Thoroughbred Poultry.

In our poultry yards we have the loUowlDg
thoroughbred poultry, all flrstrClass stock,
•riglnallv started frora the bf st stock in this
country,"aud carefully cross-mated so as to
give strong and vigorous stock and the best
laying strains of the different breeds that it Is
possible to obtain :

BARRED P. ROCK. $1.00 per sitting.
BLACK LAN&SHAN. $r.oo per sitting.
BUFF PLYMOUTH ROCK. $1.50 sitting.
LIGHT BRAHMAS. $1.50 per sitting.
SILVER LACEO WYANDOTTE. Price,

$1.50 per sitting.

WHITE WYANDOTTE. $1.50 per sitting.

In addition to careful breeding, we pay

special attention to the handling and packing

of our Eggs, so as to ensure good fertility and

a good hatch.

We have also for sale a few tlrstrclass young
cockerels of B.\RRb'.D and BUFF PLY-
MOUTH ROCKS, SILVER L.\CED WYAN-
DOTTE, LIGHT BR.^HMAS AND WHITE
WYANDOTTE.
Price, 81.50 and S2 each, crated for shipment.
HENRY W. WOOD,
P. 0. Box 330. Holl)brock Farm. RICHMOND, VA

SILVER L&GED

WYtNDOTUS

Choice purebred spec-
imens of eitb er Eex, $1
each, in any quantity.
Eggs in season.

SRECiAL SALE.

Natioaal strain,

M. BRONZE TURKEYS.

Descendants of prize winners. Sold in
pairs or trios. Lar^e, beautiful birds,
at exceedingly low prices. The first
orders will get pick of large flock.

Correspondence solicited.
PIEDMONT POTJLTBY PLACE,
MIssE.Calile Giles. Prop., Whittle's Depot, Va.

Barred, Buflf and White P. Rocks, Light
Brahnias, Whit-e Wyandottes, Buff Coch-
ins, Partridge Cochins, Black Langshan,
Black Minorca, S. C. Brown Leghorns and
S. C. White Leghorns. Stock for sale cheap.
Prize winner eggs, $1 for 1.3. A hatch of %,
or order duplicated al half price.

OAKLAND POULTRY FARM. Ruffln, N. 0.
Box 5. C. 1. Warriner, Manager.

FINE ILLUS-
TRATED
I CATALOG
' for stamp,
if 3'ou men-
this paper.
J All poultry

32 Varieties
Best Poultry |

keepers should have It. J NO. E. HEATWOLE,
Harrisonburg, Virginia.

F B I Z £ WINNINGS

AT RICHMOND SHOW 1902.

I received 1st on pen, 1st on hen, 1st and

2nd on pullets, 3rd on cockerel.

Choice cockerels, 82 to $.5. Hens and pullets,

12 to 15. Write me your wants, I can please

you. Eggs, $2 per 15 in season,

C. G. M. FINK, 1409 W. Leigh St., Richmond, Vi.

Surely this was not what was contem-
plated by the Constitution and the Legis-
lature when it was created. It should be
a force foT the advancement of the agri-
cultural interests of the State with the
Commissioner as merely an executive
officer.

RELIABLE INCUBATORS AND
BROODERS.

In the Iccubator World there are com-
paratively few who discover at first hand
and apply any necessary principle of arti-
ficial incubation. There are many Jol-
lowera. Ideas are quickly appropriated
and dozens of coniems are constantly
engaged in hurriedly throwing together
machines and foisting them upon the
market in imitation of any valuable dis
covery, in the hope of getting a share of
the profit.

Perhaps the most important feature
which distinguishes the Reliable from
any and all other makes of incubators is
its superb construction, which enables it
to produce and hold a uniform tempera
ture upon all parts of the egg tray
throughout the entire hatch. This does
not mean that it fails in any essential
possessed by any other incubator, but in

LEGHORN POULTRY YARDS

this one particular it stands in a class by
itself. Poultrymen everywhere recognize
the superior genius manifested by the
Reliable's work. The manufacturing
company is enabled to take a broad
stand upon it. The offer they make
shows that they never doubt for a mo-
ment that the machine in comparison
with others will give the highest per
cent, in hatches under all conditions and
in any impartial man's hands. They
make the statement everywhere in the
form of a positive guarantee that "the
machine must prove satisfactory to the
customer in his own hands and hatch the
largest possible percentage of chicks
from the fertile eggs or his money will
be refunded." We are showing here cut
of one of the incubators.

For detailed description, we must refer
our readers to the company's catalog and
Poultryman's Guide, mentioned in the
advertisement elsewhere in our journal.
This book will be mailed to any one
writing for it on receipt of ten cents to
pay for postage.

Now is the time to terrace and irrigate
your farms. You should not delay this
work any longer. See advertisement of
Bostrom's Improved Farm Level in this
journal. ' 'S:^SMilaiBl • .

. _. r^r:*

T* aakecows ^ay, ate Sharpies Crean Seearatert.
Book "Business Dairytng " A Cat. 305 free. W.
Oliester, Pit.B

Have for sale a limited number of .Single
Comb Brown and White Leghorn Pullets and
Roosters. Best Layei's known. Prize-winning
stock. Price, $1.00 to SI. 50 each. Eggs in season
at 81.00 for 16 : 85 00 per 100. Satisfaction guar-
anteed. Address

A. T. MATTHEWS, Box 36, Parksiey, Va.

WHITE LEGHORNS,
BLACK MINORGAS,

PULLETS, HENS and COCKERELS.

High-grade at low prices,
lor quick sales.

CHtS, P. WINSTON, - Amelia, Va.

Blaol( Langshans.

Fine stoclr and free range. Only breed

kept. Splendid winter layers, A

few birds for sale.

Cocks, $2..50; Hens, $1.50; Eggs. SI.50, perlo.

Satisfaction guaranteed.

A. N.JOHNSOF,

Parksiey, Va.

RINGLETT WINTER-LAYING STRAIN

B. PLYMOUTH ROCKS.

Choice Cockerels, Si. 50 t.o $2.50. Eggs, in sea-
son, per 15, Jl.OO. Incubator Eggs, 83.00 per
hundred. If not as good as you cau get else-
where for twice the money, return and get
your money back.

8UNNYSIDE POULTRY FARM
Reference: Christiansburg, Va.

Bank of Christiansburg.

BRGWN LEGHORNS

(Single Comb.)

Eggs from prize winners and good layers S.I50
per sitting. Reduction on larger lots.

WHITE PLYMOUTH ROCKS

R. W. HAW, Jr., - Centralia, Va.

PLYMOUTH ROCK EGGS
FOR BROILERS.

The undersigned can furnish them In

limited quantities at H for 100.

F. O. B. at Claremont, Va.

J. M. HUGHES. Claremont, Surry Co.. Va^

126

THE SOUTHEEN PLAITTEE.

[Febraary

LIVE WILD TURKEYS. SWANS,

QEESE. DUCKS of all kinds,

SQUIRRELS, etc.

Write me for prices.

Dr. CECIL FRENCH. - Wasliinston. D. C,
TISTweltth St.. N. W.

EGGS! EGGS! EGGS!

Best B P. Hooks in Virginia.
I IHawkiiis. riii.inpsuu and Bradley sIraiDS.

tl.ii p.-r titling .13i.

M. B. Turkey Egtis. .iOc. each. M per dozen.

Even the best is never loo good, you'd better
buy of me Mammoth Pekin Hocks.
THE CEDARS WM. G. OWENS.

P. and S. FARM. Midlothian. Va.

COCKERELS.

.S. C. B. Leghorn. $i each, li for j... As
good as the best. SatisfaclioQ or money
refundc'l.

TURKEYS all sold.

Eggs from B. P. HOCKS. $1 per sitting.

Mrs .I.Ml. K. PAYNE.
Clairmont Dairv Farm. I'niversitv of Va.

w

hite and Barred Rock
cocx£E:R£:r.s

single bird, *I.O0: trio. $-.".50. Eag* for hatch-
ing. 7.5 els. for setting of 1.5. JERSEY BULL,
No. S4I71. J.B.JOHNSON,

Clover Hill Farm. M.\nass.\s, Va

"WUTTC PLYMOUTH ROCKS,
W nl 1 E HOLLAND TURKEYS

Fine strains and beantlfal birds. Will
be sold at reasonable prices. Farm
bred birds and very healthy; six
months old. A few Setter puppies a
month old. For pricesa nd particulars
apply
JOHN A. CLARK. - SHIRLEY, VA.

THE IMP. FRUIT AND POULTRY FARM

OFFER.'i

200 B, P. ROCK and S. C. B. LEGHORN
COCKERELS and PULLETS

At only II each. This stock Is pure,
and will please.

P. H. MEYDENREICM, Prop , Staunton, Va.

FOR S.A.r.E:.

This year's bird. Weighs 25 lbs. Price, 15.

APPLY

MRS. A. E. JOHNSON. - .Manchester, Va.

Barred Plymouth Rocks

EXCLUSIVELY

.Strong, healthy, vigorous, larm-ralsed
stock ; bred for laying : 75 els. per setting.

WM. B. LEWIS, Irby, Nottoway Co., Va.

MAMMOTH BRON Z E~T U R K E Y S

FOK S.^i-K at reasonable prices, Barred
Plvinouih Kock K tigs. SI per dozen.
RObI. B. TAYLOR. Cedon Caroline Co . Va.

I have a few purebred

BUFF PLYMOUTH ROCKS FOWLS

FOK SALrf. Price, tl apiece.

W. C. DORSET, - Pllkiaton, Va.

COMPULSORY SCHOOL ATTEND-
A.N'CE-SOME REASONS FOR IT.

The best schools will never eradicate
the evil of illiteracy until there is an effec-
tive attendance law in every t^tate. To be
etfective the law must be compulsory,
with sjllicient penalties to cause it to be
obeyed. This has been the exp rience of
all other States and countries, and we may
not expect a different result here in the
South. The sooner we profit by their ex-
ample the better.

At pretent Austria, France, England,
Scotland, Hungary, Italy, Norway, Swe
den. Denmark, the Swiss Cantons, the
German .States, British Columbia, New
Zealand, Prince Edward Island.Taamania,
Queensland, .South .■Vustralia, the prov-
inces of Canada, and tbirly-two of the
United States have compulsory attend-
ance laws. With a few minorexceptions,
these laws require artendame six, seven
or eight years, from twelve weeks to ten
months annually. In all the States in
which such laws have been enforced
longer than twenty-five or thirty years
the percentage of illiteracy has been re
duced to a minimum. These States and
countries contain a population of more
than two hundred and fifty million peo-
ple, the freest and most progressive in
the world— more than eighty per cent of
all the people we call enlightened and
progressive. Of the thirty-two American
States having such a law only two — Ken-
tuck}' and West Virginia — are Southern
States. But what has been found good
for all these great States and countries
will probaoly not prove otherwise for ue :
and it is noted with pleasure that the
sentiment in favor of such a law is devel
oping rapidly in all parts of the South.

The following seems to be a fair sum-
mary of the arguments for compulsory
school attendance :

1. Universal education is essential to
the material, intellectual and moral wel-
fare of the State. Illiteracy is a bur Jen
and constant menace to public morals
and civil liberty, and threatens the very
existence of the State. The State pro-
vides schools at public expense, collect-
ing money for their support by law, and
by force if necessary. It, therefore, has
a right to enforce attendance, that its
money may not be wasted and that its
interests may be protected.

2. Individual welfare depends on the
general welfare. Having taken the money
of one man to educate the children of an-
other, the State must protect that man
and his children from the oppression and
dangers of illiterate neighbors and fellow-
citizens.

3. Children have rights as well as pa-
rents, and the State must protect them m
their rights. Chief among these is the
right to such education as will enable
them to live useful and happy lives and
become intelligent and self-supporting
citizens. The importance of this right
and the necessity of its being recognized
increase as comoetition becomes more
fierce, the use of machinery more com-
mon, the demand for intelligent labor
greater, government more democratic,
religious liberty more perfect, and the
obligations of the individual to himself,
his family, his country, and the world
more complex and bindiing. Especially

For Sale » "^^^ '^'"^ M. 8. TOMS

EGGS In geaeon of M. B. Turke.vf. s. C. B.
Legborn and Wbile \V>andolte Cblckens and
Pe^in Ducbs. Addre&s aiiss CLARA L. SMI th.
Croxton. Caroline Count). Virginia,

FME B. PLYMOUTH «iOCKS.

.S. C Brows and White Leghoi'.vs and

BcFF CocHi.N OmcHENB. and Ff.ki»

DrcKS FOR SALB. oOcts to Jl.

Re«. J. W HECKMAN. - Spot s>lvanla, Va.

BUtCk DEVILS ant RED HORSES.

These Cocks won 90 per ct. of battles fought

in 1901 and 1902. and have never losi a battle

when gameness and cutting qualities could

win. Kggs, $2 per sitting and st*jck for sale.

THUS. W. JARM.^N. Yancey Mills, Va.
MAVVKSLEV STOCK FARH.

Large ENGLISH BERKSHIRES
B. P. ROCKS FOWLS,

Eggs from same, ?t per IX
J. T. OLIVER, Allen^s Levef, Va.

WANTED-A LARGE JACK,

Must be good foal-geiler.

ADDRESS, stating age. size, price, etc.,

WILLIAM E. SANDERS. Gratitude. Kent Co.. Md.

JACKS and JENNETS

FOR SALE.

Enclose 2 cent stamp for
new catalogue.
W. E. KNI6HT& CO.,

R. F. D. 5. Nashville. Tana.

!h

riNE JACKS.

Mulfs are equal to Gold Dollars, from

'• youth to old age." Several nice ones

and 2 very flne Jennetts for sale. Bay

Jack now and get hira ready for spring.

Write your want* to

L. 1_ THOHAS.
722 W. Campbell Ave.. - Roanoke. V«.

KNIGHT & JETTON,

Breeders of and, Dealers in

Jacks, Jsnnits,
Stallions.

Fine lacks A Speciilt|
Write for cat.

150 Jacks, Jennets & Mules ISO

Best assortment 1
ever owned. Can
suit you exactly.
NVrlte for descrip-
tion and prices.

Also will sell two
Percberon stalliona
at close figures.
BAKER'S JACK FARM,

Lawrence. Indiana.

CLYDESDALE STALLION.

Will trade for Hereford bull and heifers
or Angora go ts. Must be registered stock.
Horse it No. 4561, .5ih Vol., American blud
Book. Hecost, J1.4U0, flvejears ago.

Wilte what you have.

JO. HaROIE, Brown's Summit. N. C.

i»y3.]

THE 80UTHBEN PLAJSTTBE.

127

Now we do not claim that Kow-Kure
will make milk, because it is not a food,
but it puts the digestive organs in condition
to get the most out of what is eaten. In
this way it makes the cow give a larger
flow of richer milk.

Sutton, Vt., March 6, iSgg.
Dear Sirs; I had doubts about Kow-Kure
increasing the flow of milk in a cow in the best con-
dition. To make a test I weighed each milking.
After feeding the medicine three days there was an
increase of two pounds, and a gradual increase
through the week until she had gained two and
three-fourths pounds per day. This cow had the
same feed while tjiking the medicine as she did
before. I consider this result simply wonderful in a
cowthatwasin the best condition. F. M.Abbott.

Kow-Kure is in powder form, to be given in
regular feed. It cures abortion, barrenness and
scours, removes retained afterbirth and caked
udder, strengthens the appetite, purifies the blood,
vitalizes the nerves and prevents disease. It in-
creases the milk. It is a medicine for cows only,
made by the Dairy Association, Lyndonville, Vt.,
and for saie by

READERS

OF THE

PLANTER

In want of a PIANO will And it to their
interest to write to us. Weassure them
there Is such a thing as buying an
honestly-made instrument at a mode-
rate price.

We make CASH and TIME SALES,

an'l are willing to take part payment
in Stock and Farm Products.

Write and state your wishes.

F. W. WALTER & SON,

STAUNTON, VA.

€m WFFIf I Y straight salary and ex-
^aw ntblVbli penses pad to advertise
and introduce our Poultry Compound in tlie
country ; rig necessary. Encios*- staiup.
Oept.ZI 8, Royal Co-Op. Mfg. Co.. Indianapolis, Ind.

must it be regarded in those States in
which the right of suffrage depends on
educational qualification.

4. Such a law cannot interfere with jny
right of parents ; for no parent has a right
to make a slave of his child or to rob it
of the opportunity of gaining an element-
ary education. Parents who would com
mit this crime against their children
should be restrained and punished. Such
a law cannot be a burden to those who
would educate their children without it.
As the laws against stealing are not bur-
densome to honest men, so a reasonable
compulsory law cannot be burdensome to
parents who desire to deal honestly and
justly with their children.

5. The experience of other States and
countries has demonstrated that such laws
may be made effective, and that they
need not work any hardship on individ-
ual citizens.

Teachers, school officers, and all leaders
of thought in the South must begin and
continue to cultivate sentiment on this
subject, until just laws are on the statute
books and are properly enforced.

CATALOGUES.

J. M. Thorburn & Co., 36 Cortlandt
street. New York, Seedsmen. This is a
beautifully got up book, and contains
much valuable information. The firm is
an old and reliable one.

Griffith & Turner Co., Paca street, Bal-
timore, Seedsmen. A. handsome book
replete with information on farm and
garden supplies.

H. Lightfoot, Chattanooga, Tenn.
Strawberry plants.

The A. I. Root Co., Medina, 0. Bee-
keepers' supplies.

Sure Hatch Incubator Co., Clay Cen
ter, Neb., and Columbus, O. A useful
catalogue for those needing an incubator
or brooder.

Landreth's Seed Catalog, Market street,
Philadelphia, Pa.

James Vieks Son?, 191 Main street
East, Rochester, N. Y. Seedsmen.

J. I. Case Threshing Machine Co, , Ra
cine, Wis.

The Deming Co., Salem, 0. Spray
Pumps and Nozzles, Hand and Power
Pumps. This firm is one of the oldest
makers of spraying appliances.

John Lightfoot, Sherman Heights,
Tenn. Strawberry plants.

J. W. Jones & Son, Allen, Md. Straw-
berry plants.

F. S. Bullinton, Richmond, Va. White
Minorca fowls.

Bateman Mfg Co., Grenloch, N. J.
Makers of the well known and highly
satisfactory Iron Age Cultivators and
other farm and garden implements.

Lovers of flowers will find many inter-
esting hints on flower seed culture in the
1903 Illustrated Annual of Wm. Elliott &
Sons, 56 Dey street. New York. It con-
tains a valuable collection of flower, gar-
den and vegetable seeds, and will prove
interesting to every one interested in
flowers. It is sent free with a packet of
pansy seed.

Horse Owners! Use

GOIIBAULT'S

Caustic
Balsam

i Saf0 Speedy and Positive Curt
The Smfeat, Best BLISTER ever used. Takes
tbe place ox all liniments i<jr mild or severe actioo.
Removes Bunches^r ^J^erajshes from Hone*

Every bottle sold l3 warranted to give satisfaction
Price tl.SO per bottle. Sold by drupdista, or
lent by express, charses pald» with full directiooS
for its use. Send for descriptive Girculara.
THB LAWRBNCE-WELLIAMS CO., CleTelaad <\

FOUTZS,

Horse

AND .

CATTLE
POWDER

A mtdidnc which makes

animjis well, the diseased

whole, the weak strong and the

thin fat. It will restore lost Appetite,

expel Worms and cure Chronic Cough,

Heaves, Influenza, Distemper, Hide-

k. \ bound, Indigestion, Constipation, Flat-

t ulcncy ir.d all Stomach and Bowd

The finest of al! ,
viulizers and I
the only

DAVID E.FOUTZ

BALTIMOf>£,MD.

Fistula and
Poll Evil- . .

You can
treat these
d i seases
yourself
and cure them in 1.5 to 30 days. FlPm-
Ing's Fistula and Poll Evil Cure is easy
to apply, perfectly safe to use, and
your raoney is promptly refunded if it
should ever fail to cure.

Interesting Booklets Free.

We have two booklets to send you.
One tells about Fistula, Poll Evil,
Spavin, Ringbone, Curb, Splint, Knee-
.Sprung. Lump Jaw. etc., with instruc-
tions bow to cure them.

The other proves that you can cure
them. Write to-day.

FLE^'INQ BROS., Chemists,
22 Union Stock Yards. - Chicago, III.

temper and IndigfcfitioB Cur*,

terlnary ipe^igo for irln4.

Toledo. OhI..

As I retire from farming: Q ' I I pUriD
this Spring: I wi 1 ,^ ,^ U LL UllLAr

the following slock and implements little
used, and almost as good as new :

1 PRICK'S ENGINE AND BOILER,

io horse-power, on wheels,
1 McCORHICK REAPER and BINDER

7 foot cut.
1 DEERINQ CORN HARVESTER,
1 HARTEL FULL CIRCLE BALING

PRESS, 17x22,
1 QEISER THRESHING MACHINE,

30 inch feed.
Also Stallion. "KING IDLER,"

by King Alphonso, Idle Girl, a seal brown
horse. \hY, hands, thoroughbred, has got some
fine stock on Virginia Common mares, is a
sure foal getter. Apply

NECK-OF-LAnD farm, Jamestown, Va.

128

TflJfi BODTHJflKK PT.ATimcB

t February

• F/LSrOA/ FARM. •

SECOND LARQEST

JERSEY HERD

IN AMERICA. FOUNDED I88Z

BULL C*LVES. and for the first time. Heifers
bred to Imported Oolden Veler, and Heifer
OalTfs and a few aged Cow8.

BERKSHIRES. all ages, nired by Imported
Storm Kins, or Imported Esau 2nd, 81»«,
good shape HUd large litters.

Visitors welcome. Address for Book of The
Farm, or prices

E. M. GILLET. Clerlt. Gleneot. Md.
ASA B. GARDINER, Jr., Manager

Swift Creek Stock and Dairy Farm

Has for sale a large num-
ber of nice young regis-
tered A. J. C. C.

^^^H|l JERSEY BULLS
jj Wmmm- AND HEIFERS.

None better bred In the South. Combining
Closely the most noted and up-to-date blood
In America. Bulls 10 to 12 months old, $25.00.
Heifers, same age, {35.00. POLAND-CHINA
PIGS, $5.00 each. Send check and get what
you want.

T. P. BRASWELL, Prop., Battleboro, N. C.

ELLERSLIE FARM^^.^
Thoroughbred Horses

AND SHORTHORN CATTLE,

Pure Southdown Sheep
and Berkshire Pigs.

Fob Sali. B. J- HANCOCK & SON,
Chabu)ttesvillb, Va.

cook's creek herd,

Scotch-Topped

Shorthorns

Herd Headed hy liovi-nior Tyler, 1.58548
Yonng Bulls and Hiifer.s fur salt-. Inspection
and correspondence invited.
HEATWOLE & SITTER, Dale Enterprise, Va.

FOR SA.I.E

SHORTHORN BULL CALVES,

POLAND -CHINA PIGS,

Sired by Black Lad. No. 47427 and Spring-
wood Guy, No. ^X^Vi. Pedigrees furnished with
all stock sold. Ef;gs In season from M. B. TUR-
KEYS and B. P. ROUK CHICKENS. Come or write.
WM. T. THRASHER, SPRINCWOOD. VA.

EAST RIVER SIDE

SHORTHORNS

One choice Red Bull, old enough
for service.
Address

JAMES F. CLEMMER, - Snmmerdean, Va.

rk shire,
C. Whitas. Kine large
strains. All ages, mated
not akin, 8 week. pigs.

Bred sows. Service boars

and Poultry. Wrlteforprlcesanrt free circular.
P. F. HAMILTON, CochranvUle, Chester Co., Pa.

WHOLESALE PRICE ON AGRICUL-
TUR.\L CHEMICALS AND FERTI-
LIZERS.

Tlie market continues firm and steady,
with an upward tendency. Southern
business is picking up, and prices are
well maintained. Nitrate of soda re-
mains strong and sulphates of ammonia
are a little stifl'er.

AM.MONIATES,

Nitrate of soda, spot, per 100 lb8..$ 2 10
Nitrate of soda, futures, per 100

lbs 2 00

Cotton-seed meal, per ton, c. i. f.

N.Y 28 00

Sulph. ammonia, spot 2 07J

Sulph. ammonia, shipment 2 07i

Driedblood,New York, low grade. 2 47J
Dried blood, Western, high grade,

fine ground 2 60

Fish scrap, at New York 10

Tankage, per unit 10

PHOSPHATES.

Acid phosphate, per unit 60

Bone black, spot, per ton 17 00

Ground bone, per ton 23 50

S. C. phosphate rock, ground, per

2,000 lbs 5 50

8. C. phosphate rock, undried, f.

o. b. Ashley River, 2,400 lbs 3 25

do. do. do. dried.... 3 50
Florida high grade phoa. rock, f.

o. b. Fernandina, per ton 7 00

Florida land pebble phos. rock,

f. o. b. Fernandina, per ton 4 50

Tennessee phosphate, f. o. b. Mt.

Pleasant, domestic 3 50

do. do. do. foreign... 4 00

POTASH.

Kainit, future shipment, per ton... 9 06

Keiseret, future shipment, per ton 7 50

Mur. potash, 80 p. c, future ship-
ment 1 80

Double manure ealt (48 a 49 per
cent, less than 2 J per cent, chlo-
rine), per lb 1 09

Basis 48 per cent.

High grade manure salt (90 a 93
per cent, sulphate potash), ship-
ment 2 08

Basis 90 per cent.

Manure salt, in bulk, 20 per cent,
per unit, O. P 64

—N. Y. Jour, of Commerce, Jan. 10, 1903.
[Only highest prices quoted. — 5. P.]

The Frank B. White Co. of Chicago
and New Yoi'k, send us a very nicelj' got-
ten up pamphlet — "Your Business and
Ours" — in which they bring before ad-
vertisers the advantages they can offer
them in the way of preparing and dis-
playing their advertisements and secur-
ing their insertion in the best agricul-
tural journals in this country. This firm
makes a specialty of agricultural adver-
tising, and does its work well.

We beg to acknowledge with thanks
the receipt from the Holstein-Friesian As-
sociation of America of the official record
of cows and their sires, and list of official
butter and milk records of the Asso-
ciation from 1894 to 1901.

We acknowledge with thanks a copy
of the Baltimore Sun Almanac for 1903.
It is full of useful information.

MARKET TOPPERS FOR SALE, LOW.

One thoroughbred Antfus cow, unregistered.

coming 3 yrs., with heifer calf at foot

Price, r75.
Four three-fourths Angus heifers, two coming

3 yrs., two coming 4 yrs., bred to reg. An-
gus bull. Price, $oO each <«
Four seven-eighths Angus heifers, coming 2

yrs., bred to reg. Angus bull. (i50each.
Three seven-eighths .\ngus heifers, coming 1

yr. 830 each.
Four one-half Angus heifers, coming 1 yr.

i20 each.
One bull calf, out of a thoroughbred Shorthorn

cow, by a reg. Angus bull. Price, 850.
One 9-mos.-old reg. Angus bull. Price JIOO.
One 12-mos.-old reg. Angus heifer. Price, $100.
All of the above cattle are blaclj. and as well

polled as a thoroughbred Ancus.
Eight beautiful reg. Angora goats, six does

which will kid soon, two fine bucks.

Price, $100 for the lot.

Address W. M. WATKINS & SON,

Cottage Valley Stock Farm,

Randolph. Charlotte Co . V«.

ANGUS BULL CALVES

Registered and unrecorded. Slock Qrst-
class, and breeding the best.

SHROPSHIRE SHEEP

First class yearling rams, and evres of
all ages. Several FINE FARMS for sale.

WARREN RICE, - Winchester, Va,

FORiMlliertleen-Jnjus Cattle

Choice breeding. Registered bulls ready for
service. Address A. 0. PARR, care*. G. PARR,
Jeffersonton, Va.

FOR SALE.

SIR NETHERLAND OF THE GROVE,

No. 30672.

ThisHolstein bull is3 yrs.old. His dam has
given S gals, of milk per day, testing 4ft per
cent, of butter fat. His sire is equally well
bred. Price, 880. ; f. o. b. cars, Burkevllle, Va.

T. O. SANDY, - Burkevllle, Va.

^V.P.I.^

Farm Bulletin

We are offering some nice BERK-
SHIRE PIQS. Let us have your
orders early. Choice stock ; prompt
attention.

0. 0. NOURSE, Prof, of Airr.
J,Vi.

1903 J

THE 80UTHBEH PLAIITBR.

129

FOR S.A.IL.S

At a price which he can easily earn
himself out in a single season, the

Imported and Registered
Hackney Stallion ■

The Duke

son of Silver star and Lady Fanny,
by Rob Roy. This horse is good
looking, of fine size and well made,
having no waste substance. He is
a sure foal getter and his produce
sell readily. Simply offered be-
cause I wish to procure a horse of
diflerent breeding to cross on fillies
sired by The Duke. Address

T. O. SANDY,

The Grove Stock Farm, BrRKEVILLE,VA-

COLLIE PUPS!

By prize-winning Imported sires and trained
dams. Eligible. Fit for bench, ranch or farm.
Prloe, $10, either sex. Also a book on the care
»nd training of the Collie for all practical uses.
Price, SOc. Copy of book free to purchaser o(
OoUie.

Stock Farm, " MAPLEMONT," Albany, Ver.

POLAND-CHINAS

Closely related to such famous hogs as
Anderson's Model, Model of 97, Hands
Oft, etc. Choice pigs, and gilts for
Bale. Sock that will please and not
disappoint you. References and testi-
monials furnished Also extra good,
dark-red, 8 mos.-old SHORTHORN BULL
CALF for sale. Prices right.
J. F. DURRETTE. Birdwood, Albemarle Co., Va.

BERKSHIRE PIGS

I have a few first-class eight weeks old

BERKSHIRE PIGS for sale. From

regl.^teied stock. Biltmorestraln.

Prices quoted on request.

HENRY W. WOOD, - Hollybrook Farm,
Box 330. Richmond, Va.

Large English Berkshire Hogs,
Barred Plymouth RockChickens

BEN. BOLT, 60747, 430 lbs. as a yearling at
head of herd. VS-EQGS IN SEASON.

JOHN P. FOSTER, Nocreek, Ohio Co., Ky.

Ayrshires, Berkshires and Oxftrd-Downs.

^Ayrsaire calves of both sexes, Berkshire
pigs and boar, aud 2 Oxford-Down Rams For
Sale. MELROSE ClSTLE FARM,

ENDS H. HESS, Manager, Casanova, Va.

FOR SALE at SlOeach,

Three pure-bred

ANGORA BUCKS

Price includes crating and delivery on

cars at Columbia, va., C. & O. R. R.
A good fiock of Angoras can be built
up by using pure bucks In cross-
ing with common does.

C. E. JONES, - Carysbrook, Va.

THE GROWTH OF OUR SHOE IN-
DUSTRY.

The boots, shoes and slippers made by
machinery in the United States, every
vear, would provide a pair of some kind
for more than one-seventh of the inhab-
tants of the eartb. If they were arranged
by pairs, heels and toes touching, they
would make a belt that would encircle
the globe, with enough to spare to stretch
across the North American Continent
from New York to San Francisco. Placed
singly, heel and toe, they would go around
the world two and one-half times. If
placed on the tracks of our great trunk
railroads, the rights on one rail and the
lefts on the other, they would cover the
irons, from the Atlantic to the Pacific, of
all the continental lines that now cross
our country. The hides and skins used
to form this immense quantity of shoes
come from all over the world, but chiefly
from the East Indies, South America and
Europe ; and if they were sewed together
in one sheet, they would make a tent
large enough to cover Manhattan Island.

The following statistics, showing the
condition of the industry, were furnished
in advance of their general publication
by S. N. D. North, Chief Statistician of
the United States Census for manufac-
turers :

Pairs of Boots and Shoes Made in 1900.

For men, youths and boys 89,123,318

For women, misses and chil-
dren 107,415,855

Slippers for men, etc 4,456,965

Slippers, Oxfords and low-cuts
for women 12,655,876

Another kinds 5,583,4U5

Total pairs 219,2.35,419

Total value, wholesale $261,028,580 00

Cost of materials used 169,604,054 00

Capital invested 101,795,233 00

Wages paid 59,175,883 00

Average number of wage earners
employed 142,922

The industry is largely concentrated in
New England, chiefly in Massachusetts,
where, in 1900. 45 per cent, of the pro-
duction was turned out, principally in
Brockton, Lynn, and Haverhill, and the
smaller places in the immediate neigh-
borhood. The figures for Massachusetts
are as follows :

Value of product $117,115,243 09

Cost of materials used 75,751,964 00

Capital invested 37,577,630 00

Wages paid 27,745,820 00

Average number of wage-earners

employed 58,645

Since 1890 the production in the whole
country has increased a little over 18 per
cent.; the cost of materials used 42 and
eight-tenths per cent.; while the capitali-
zation has only increased 6 and eight-
tenths per cent., and the number of
wage earners 6 and nine-tenths percent.
Ten years ago Massachusetts produced
over -52 per cent, of the total ; but while
she has made an absolute gain in the
value of goods turned out, in 1900 she
had less capital invested and fewer es-
tablishments engaged in the manufac-
I turf) of shoes than in 1890. During the
last decade, the effectiveness of the ma-

chinery used in the manufacture has
been greatly increased.— iJofiert Grieve, in
the February Success.

FINE SEED CATALOGUE.
That the Griffith & Turner Company of
Baltimore, Md., propose to occupy a high
position among seedsmen is apparent
from the magniBcence of their catalogue.
It is indeed a most handsome book. The
attention is arrested at once by the ele-
gant front cover page, and with any one
at all interested in the garden, the inter-
eat is kept up unti Ihe has looked through
all its pages. It contains 145 pages, and
is profusely illustrated with large size
cuts of vegetables, fruits and flowers.
They also catalogue a full and complete
line of agricultural implements. One
cannot escape the conclusion, both from
the illustrations and from the extended
and painstaking descriptions, that the
Company is endeavoring to present only
the best to their customers, and that
their patrons are to know what the char-
acteristirs aod qualities of what they are
buying are, before p:acing their orders.
Their advertising is elsewhere in this
paper. They are perfectly reliable, and
their trade, already large, ia rapidly
growing. Every one interested in fruits
or vegetables should at least send for ;he
catalogue, which is mailed free. Look
up the advertisement for correct address.

BOWLINQ QREEN

SHORTHORNS.

HERD NUMBERS 75 HEAD.

HEADED by the Scotch bull ROYAL CAN-
ADA 136788. Crulckshank and .Scotch
tribes represented are Duchess of Gloster, Non-
pareil, Mina, Rose of Strathalean, Ury, Crim-
son Flower and Louisa. Also popular Amer-
ican families.

FOK SALE Cows, heifers and young bulls
Foundation herds a specialty; inspection solici
ited, and if notified parties wll I be met at depot

D. M. KIPPS, Success, Warren Co., Va.

DORSETS

Woodland
Farm<^

Of 16 rams, 9 to U mos. old, we now have
on hand, i are not quite good euough to head
any herd in the United States. The best
ram Harding could find In England now
heads our fiock. Are buying a few ewes-
none to sell, but are booklngorders for October
dropped ewe lambs.

WOODLAND FARM, Mechanlcsburg, 0.
(.T. B. Wing, Willis O. Wing, Chas. B. Wing.)

DORSETS AND
HEREFORDS

H. ARMSTRONG, ■ Lantz Mills, Va.

FOR. SA.LE.

5 Reg. HEREFORD BULLS

From e mos. to 3 yrs. old.

8 FfcEG. HSIFERS

From 6 to IS mos. old.s At reasonable prices.
HAYFIELDS STOCK; FARM, Cockeysville, Md.

— i ou pay U when cured.
No cure, no pay. ALEX. SFEIRS, Box 8U.
Westbiook, Maine.

130

THE SOUTHEKN PLANTEK

fFebruary

THE MILLER MANURE SPREADER-

The practical benefitB following theuBe
of manure spreaders in llie country have
led to a large demand for such machines
throughout the entire United States. Va-
rious manufacturers have added such a
machine to their line, and jobbers have
eeenthe advantage of carrying them also.

The Miller Spreader has proved a win-
ner in previous years, but 1903 has been
improved in every particular where trou-
ble has arisen. Malleable iron is used
on this machine for every part where
Btrenglh is required. A method has been
devised for driving from both wheels,
which gives double traction power. The
cylinder is now made two inches larger
than heretofore, and is made with eight
beaters instead of six. A new end-gate,
which can be raised or lowered at will
from the driver's seat, does away with
Bome of the objectionable features com-
mon to most manure spreaders. This ma-
chine is low down, which makes it very
easy to load. There are other excellent
and exclusive features, among which are
the following: . , , , ^ jji

It is just the right width to straddle
corn-rows and leave all the land evenly
covered with manure This is a strong
feature on corn-stubble land, owing to the
fact that other machines cannot do good
work without driving team and spreader
wheels on the cut corn-hills, a thing that
any farmer knows is impossible.

The Miller is the only spreader that
will do perfect work in winter with ma-
nure from the stable daily. We have
solid bottom, which is scraped clean
every load ; nothing can freeze to it, as in
tread-power bottom machines.

It doubles the value of manure by cov-
ering two acres where you could only
cover one by hand.

For further particulars, address ihe
Newark Machine Co., Newark, Ohio.

A MUNIFICENT GIFT.
The Studebaker Bros. Manufacturing
Company, of South Bend, Ind., has just
presented to the Young Men's Christian
Association of that city $200,000 in cash,
to be used in the construction and equip
ment of a magnificent new building for
theusesofthe Association. The buifdiug
is to be a memorial to the original five
Studebaker Brothers, who have always
been closely identified with philanihio-
pic and charitable work. This munifi-
cent gift will give South Bend one of the
handsomest Young Men's Christian Asso-
ciation buildings in the United States.

THE DEMING CATALOGUE.
The 1903 Catalogue of the Deming Com-
pany of Salem, Ohio, is justofi the press.
It includes hand, bucket, knapsack, bar-
rel, mounted and power sprayers. In
certain sprayers of their line, notably the
Century, Simplex, Peerless and Success
Knapsack Sprayers, the mechanical agi-
tation of the liquid, insuring the perfect
mixing of poison with the water, is
worked out to a nicety. The wide adap-
tability and general usefulness of the line
cannot be realized without perusing the
catalogue, as usual. It will be mailed to
any one writing for it.

Four
of the
Famous

wnrfcprs that have made the Iron Age line of farm and garden implements
irnnu-n all Over the continent. You can malje more money this year than lost
If you will decide now to let them help you. Look at the good points of

frofi /Ifiie Implements

.. B iti . *^ i<0. 60 iron A(rc

. .,i.Hoi,t,i.. p. ^^g out how much time, work, seed, fertill- pi.otHh

zer, Ac, you might save with a very small «^

outla.v, by buying Iron Ajje implements.
They have won their way by hon-
est performance of every promise,
Write for free book.

JERSEY CATTLE.^^^

Bred from high-testing St. Lambert Cows.

LARGE YORKSHIRE HOGS.

The BACON BREED now leading all other breeds for making
high-priced bacon.

IIVDIAIV GAMTES-The king of table fowls.

WHITE WYANDOTTES— The best general-purpose fowl.

WHITE L.EGHORNS— All sold out.
Address

B03fl£7WVONT I=MR7M5S, Ski-bm. V«.

REGISTERED JERSEYS,^ i
REGISTERED BERKSHIRES. |

YOUNG STOCK OF BOTH KINDS
jt jt. FOR SALE. ^ jt

p POREST HOME FARM, - Purcellville, Vo. i

HOIiSTEINS THAT PAY.

Purchasers are ofl'ered selections from our herd, both male and female;
our cows are of the leading strains, including De Kols, Pauline Pauls, Mech-
thildes. Hengervelds, Netherlands, Aggies, etc., etc. They are »11 well bred
and milking from 40 to 05 lbs. per day. Herd headed by Ury ALWINA
Count Paul De Kol and DeKol 29 Butter Boy 3rd No. 2.

THOS. FASSITT & SONS, Ury Stock Farm, Svlmar, Md.

When corresponding; Avlth advertlsei^, always mention
The Sonthern Planter.

1903 .J

THB 80UTHBEN PLANTKE.

131

for this top bupg>', pi
body liU. 22 or 24 in. w
seat has solid panel spring
back. Wheels, choice o'
height and size, 8 or 4 bou
top. Boot, storm apron
shafts and anti -rattlers.

A'les top bugr^ies illuS'
I trated with large

45

fully described in catalog.

ha^ For this top bui^L;
._,, ./ixj,^ Guaranteed RubberTir«s.

roomy' seats'with'soiiii panel Pif„"*J^°J^
spring backs and cushf i^^"- cr.^,.

olid

les 1 l-16in. Lamps and
fenders extra. Every ve-
hicle guaranteed for two
full years.

les surreys in

22 oL';'

big catalogue,

For this large, roomy
pli • - . -

what '

SEND FOR OUR CATALOG.

It illustrates and fully <
■ ■ "s ad out and i

panel springbackandspring
cushion, 3 or4 bowtop. The
Most Wonderful Bargain

in a guaranteed rubber tired

bugp ever offered. Write ] bX^|ci;;th . Full pa"tent
for free catalogue. It has ipaiiiar fenders, lam lamps
large illustrations and full|ti>i)g distance axtce.' R«tailii

solid panel
spring back 33 in. high.
Trimmed with heavy
'-nported all

For this high arched
axle, low wheel. Cuor-
anteed Rubber Tired
driving wagon, open
head springs, long dis-
tance axles, Bradley
couplers, Bailey loops,
stick seat, rubber pad-
ded steps .Trimming- fine
whipcurd or broadcloth.
21 other styles. Don't
buy until you <iee
catalogue and r

Stick seat driving wagon,
Long distance axles. Bai-
ley loops All complete.

Platform

spring wagon. 7

No. 105

Sln-l

t. body

heavv gear and

OTim.rub

>ertri

12 other styles

Dbl. hame

ss.troc

<el}4\n.9\i.W

spring w

agons in catalog.

98BtTUB6

howni

a CsUlopie.

MARVIN SMITH CO.,

SS.S7-59 N. J.flerson SI-
CHICAGO, ILL.

GREAT POULTRY BOOK FREE.

On another page of this issue of our
paper will be found a new season's ad-
vertisement of the Cyphers Incubator
Co., Buflfalo, N. y.

We wish to
point out to
those of our
readers w h o
have seen
their annual
books and cat-
alogues in the
past that the
New Year
Book for 1903, entitled " How to Make
Money with Poultry and Incubators,"
now being sent out, is in every way supe-
rior to its predecessors. Nothing has
been left undone to make this Poultry-
man's Guide and Catalogue most enter-
taining and instructive, devoted exclu-
sively to the real business of growing
and marketing poul.ry for profit.

" How to Make Money with Poultry
and Incubators," consists of 19G pages,
8x11 inches in size, is profusely illustra-
ted, giving over 300 photographic views
of many of the largest and most success-
ful poultry plants in the United States.
England, Germany, New Zealand and
South Africa, and contains twelve special
chapters, each written by an expert,
treating of profitable poultry keeping in
all branches, as follows: Starting with an
Incubator, Handling Chicks in a Brooder,
Feeding the Chicks, Duck Producing on
a Large Scale, Broiler Raising, Profitable
Egg Farming, The Egg and Poultry Com-
bination, Egg and Fruit Farming, Scratch-
ing Shed. House Plans, Incubator Cellar
and Brooding House Plans, Feeding for
Eggs, and Standard Bred Poultry.

Everything is made so plain that it
can be understood by all. Those of our
readers who have never seen a "Cyphers"
Annual Guide, and are interested in the
latest developments in incubators, brood-
ers, poultry foods and appliances, should
write at once to the Cyphers locubator
Company's nearest office, Buffalo, N. Y.,
Chicago, 111., Boston, Mass., or New York
City, N. Y., and they will send a copy
free, postage paid (during the next thirty
Jays only), provided you mention this
paper.

"I b'lieve in havin' a good time when
Tou start out to have it. If you git
knocked out of one plan, you want to git
yerself another right quick, before yer
Bperrits has a chance to fall." — From
"Lovey Mary," The Century, February,
1903.

Reg. HOLSTEIN-PRIESIAN

CATTLE of the Netherland, De Kol, Clothilde, Pietertje and

Artis families. Heavy milkers and rich in butter fat.

Stock of all ages for sale.

Reg. BERI^SHIRES From noted strains, Imported Headlight, Lord
Highclere and Sunrise.

<^^ DORSET SHEER. ^^^>

B. PLYMOUTH ROCK CHICKENS, Fifteen Cockerels for sale.
N. and w. and soothem R. R. T. O. SANDY, Burkeville, Va.

I JERSEY MD GUERNSEY

^CATTLE^

DBrKShlrB HO£S, young boars ready for service, and Pigs in pairs or trios not

akin. Large, young Bronze Turkeys. A few Plymouth Rock and Brown

Leghorn Fowls. All the above stock ready for shipment now.

A FEW BEAUTIFUL FOX TERRIER PUPPIES AT $5 EACH.

. M. B. ROWE <& CO., Fredericksburg, Va.

POLAND-
GHIIIAS.

TECUMSEH G, 49283.

Have sold out all pigs on hand and am now booking orders for pigs
from my spring litters. Have a limited number of YOUNG SOWS
in pig FOR SALE. Address

J. B. GRAY, FREDERICKSBURG. VA.

'THE
OAKS

SHORTHORNS

FOR
SALE

2 Reg. Bull Calves; 2 Reg. Cows; 1 three-year-old Reg. Bull (immune) raised south
of Petersburg. Va. All right in every particular.

_B. B. BVCHANAJy, Bedford City, Ta.

132

THE 80UTHBBN FT. ANTES.

I February

The Venezuelan and Panama Canal
eituationB are editorially diecussed in the
Review of Reviews for February. In ad
dition to his commentB on these very
prominent topics of the hour, the editor
gives his usual valuable survey of the
month's important happenings, at home
and abroid. Among the contributed ar-
ticles there are two character sketches of
exceptional interest ; "Abram 8. Hewitt,
a Great Citizen," is the subject of a dis-
criminating tribute from the pen of Ed-
ward 51. Shepaid, the New York lawyer
and politician, who knew Mr. Hewitt in-
timately, while George Perry Morris re-
views the too brief career of Mrs. Alice
Freeman Paloier, the former president
of Welleelev College and a leader in
many intellectual movements. The art
treasures of the late Henry G. Marquand,
manv of which were sold recently in New
York at almost fabulous prices, are de-
scribed in an illustrated article by Ernest
knaufft. The latest developments in
wireless telegraphy are recounted by
Prof. A. Frederick Collins, while Mr.
Thomas C. Martin describes the new Pa-
cific cable lines— the all- American and
the all-British. Prof. Frank A. Wilder
elves much interesting information about
the coal deposits of our great Northwest.
The fullest statement yet published of
the impending land reforms in Ireland is
furnished by Mr. Walter Wellman, who
has just returned from that country. The
recent Taff Vale Railway decision in Eng-
land on the rights and liabilities of labor
unions in connection with strikes is re-
viewed by Mr. A. Maurice Low. " Some
Taxation'Problems and Reforms" is the
subject of a comprehensive article by Sec-
retary Commons of the National Civic
Federation. " Some Cartoon Comments,"
" Leading Articles of the month," and
the other regular departments, round out
the number.

AN INEXPENSIVE COFFEE FRUIT
CAKE.

To make coffee fruit cake, beat half a
pound of butter to a cream ; add one cup-
ful of brown sugar. Dissolve a tea.spoon-
fiil of baking powHer in two tablespoon-
fuls of water; add it to half a pint of
New Orleans molasses; add this to the
butter and sugar ; add a teaspoonful of
allspice, one egg well beaten, a table-
spoonful of cinnamon and one grated
nutmeg. Mix a quarter of a pound of
shredded citron, two pounds of seedless
raisins and three-quarters of a pound of
cleaned currants. Measure three cupfuls
of pastry flour; take sufficient from it to
flour the fruit thoroughly. Add half a
pint of warm, strong coffee to the sugar
mixture; then add the Hour; beat until
smooth ;'add the fruit, pour into well-
greased cake pans, and bake slowly in a
moderate oven.

"Don't you go an' git sorry for yerself.
That 's one thing I can't stand in no-
body There 'a always lots of other folks
vou kin be sorry fer 'stid of yerself.
Ain't you proud you ain't got a hare lip?
Why that one thought is enough to keep
me from ever gittin' sorry for myself."—
From "Lovey Mary," The Century, De-
cember, 1902.

ANNEFIELD HEREFORDS,

" PRINCE RUPERT," No. 79539.

Winner Sweepstakes at Kansas City, 19C1. Herd rich in " Anxiety " blood.

BERf^SHIRE HOQS^^>

FINEST STRAINS OF BLOOD.
INSPECTION INVITED CORRESPONDENCE SOLICITED.

EDWARD G. BUTLER, - " Annefield Farms," Briggs, Clarke Co., Va.

CASTALIA HEREFORDS...

The breeding cows and herd bulls at " Castalia " have been se-
lected with one aim; THE BEST, REGARDLESS TO COST. Herd
headed by Ihe Si.OOO 00 Imported SALISBURY, assisted by LARS,
JR. I have now for sale a very flue bunch of bull calves by these
bulls, also a few females. Visitors are welcome and met at station.

Write your needs.

MURRAY BOOCOCK. - Keswick, Va.

BACON HALL FARM.

PEIIEFOBDBBiiSTEtEDCfllTLE

"TOP" BREEDINQ, CALVES NOT AKIN.
MOTTO— Satisfaction or no Sale.

E. M. QILLET & SON,

Glencoe, Maryland.

SHROPHHIRE NHCEP Bucks, one year old and OTer, J15 to tao. Buck I/ambg, July de-
livery, $10. and 512. Ewe Lambs, Jnly delivery, 18. and $10.

P«I.ANI>-CHIKA HO€)S — Pigs, «iz weeks old, K. Plea, two or three months old, flM,
pigs, five mouths and over, $15 to 130.

M. BKOHZETCRKKTS Toma, M. Hens, tS. Eggs, per sitting of 12, when In season, $4.

■VBOOTT DCOKJ* Pare White Drake*, $1.36. Pnre White Dnoks, tl. .Pain, «2.2S; trio*, W

BARRED PI.TMOITTH ROCKS.

ROOEB tIBESE GHmders, tZJO. a««ae, ILSO. Ecn. P«r dtUng, $3.00

WIL.LJAK L, Jr., No. 21068, half brother of AsteU, will Mrre a limited nnmbarof mara lor

|3t the leasen. Mares boarded at lowwt agiam per Moatli,

1H03.J

THE SOUTHERN PLAJNTEB

13^

I I I I I I

'■""

THE $60,000

PACING STALLION

Just purchased by M. \V. Savage. Minueapolis, Minn., as one of
the leading stallions for his "International Stock Food Farm."
The purchase of Dan Patch was a tremendous sensation in
horse circles, and was taken up and given columns of notices in
all of the leading dailies throughout the entire country. The
price was over Three times as much as was ever paid for a pacer,
and by far the largest price paid for a harness horse for a long
term of years. This farm is now one of the most famous horse-
breeding farms in the world, as Mr. Savage owns the Three Fastest
Stallions ever owned by one man or by one farm. Dan Patch 1:59 J^i—
Directum 2:05'4— Roy Wilkes 2:06K. The establishing of this
farm in Minnesota, 12 miles from Minneapolis, means a great
deal for the live stock interest of the Northwest as well as for the
entire world. It will add thousands of dollars every year to the
live stock interests of Minnesota alone, and Mr. Savage expects
to prove to the world that high-class harness horses can be raised
in the Northwest as well as ia other parts of the United States.
You are cordially invited to visit "International Stock Food
Farm" wheneveryou are in this vicinity. You will find the cele-
brated "International Stock Food" «i^3 FEEDS for ONt; CENT*^©*
fed every day to our Stallions, Brood Mares, Colts, Race Horses
and other stock. "International Stock Food" has the largest sale in
the world for Horses, Cattle, Sheep. Hogs. Colts, Calves, I.ambs
and Pigs. Over 50.000 dealers sell it on a "Spot Cash Guarantee" to
Refund Your Money if the results of feeding it are not perfectly
satisfactory to you. It will cause your colls and other young
stock to grow rapidly even during the winter. Keeps them free
from worms and tones up and strengthens the entire system.
'^^It Wilt Fay You To Test It Al Our Risk On Your Slock.

IT CONTAINS 183 LARGE ENGRAVINGS OF HORSES, CATTLE. SHEEP. POULTRY, ETC.

n* CoTer of this Book

This Book
of Uollirs. It dei
History and lUust

C?-Priiited In Six Brilliant Colorn. Book is (
i cover. It coit as $aoi>0 to have our Artists i
ntains a Finely Illustrated V^terinsry Departmen
hea common Diseases, and tells how to treat them
ona of the Different Breeds of Horses, Cattle, Shet
d Life EngravinEBof many very noted i

Ihat will Save Vou Handrl•d^

It also gives Description
), Goats. Hogs and Poultry

The Editor Of This

Will Tell You That You Ought To Have This Book In Your' Library For Koference.

$10.00 CASH, we will send you. IF BOOK IS NOT AS STATED.

TIlIi Book Mailed Free, Postage Prepaid, If TonWrKe Is (letter or postal) and Answer These 'J tioestic
lit —Name This Paper. 'id.— How Much Stock Have You?

Writ

s today for book.

Largest Stock Food Factory i

Capital Paid in, $1,00

We Occupy liJ.OOO Feet of Fl

TEST

I I I I I I I i

International Stocli Food Co.,

■ INNEAPOLIS, Wc emrloy 0
BINH., I. 8. A. ^

ENT1REL.V
AT OUR RISK.

i I I I I I I I I

SPLIT HICKORY vs. SAWED-

A vehicle is only as
strong as its weakest
part. A wheel, with
^•^hub, spokes and fel-
^lows made from the
.^strongest wood, if the
'■^ wood is sawed across
the grain, lias little strength. The "Split
Hickory" line of vehicles, as their name
indicates, is constructed of split hickory
not sawed — and is of greatest strength
and e n <1 u r ^ "
a n c e and
u n i f or nilv
strong in all
its parts. To
obtain these
splendid, strong and stylish vehicles,
send to Station 41, the Ohio Carriage
Manufacturing Company, Cincinnati, O.,
for complete illustrated catalogue. Their
prices are low, quality high, and their
thirty days' free trial offer is genuine and
bona fide'

Mention the Southern Planter in writing

i n M 8 1 1 1 1 ! 1 1 i I n I e n 1 1 1 1 1

Japan Plums

And all other desirable standard and new
varieties of PLUMS, APPLE, PEACH,
PEAR and O R N A M E N T A L TREES,
SHRUBS, ROSES, Etc.

HEADQUARTERS FOR TENNESSEE
PROLIFIC STRAWBERRY.

The Most Reliable Variety Ever grown in
the South.

Three Iinndred and fifty acres under cnltivation. WriteiJuB
if you contemplate planting. Catalogue free.

AGENTS WANTED. WRITE FOR TERMS.

•W. X. XIOOD A: CO.,

OLD DOMINION NURSERY. RICHMOND, VA.

134

THE SOUTHERN PLAITTEB.

[February

The American Free Trade League Bend
us copy of the Free Trade Almanac, for
which we return thanks. It would do
the hide-bound protectionigte good to
study the matter contained in this issue.

TAKEN ORDERS.

When Miss Lucy wanted particularly
fine chickens, she always drove over to
Bee old Aunt Etta, who had a scrap of a
&rm and made a specialty of raising
chickens for the quality folks.

One day, as the lady stopped in front
of the cabin, Aunt Eita came out and
hung over the gate.

" Chickftns !" she exclaimed in answer
to her customer's request,— "chickens !
Why, law, Miss Lucy, don't you all know
there's been a camp-meetin' and preach-
ers'conference down here? Why. 1 ain't
got one chicken left. They're all done
emtered the ministry." — N. E. Allender,
in February Lippincott'g.

THE GROWTH OF THE SEED HOUSE-

The above cut is a faithfiil picture of
the extensive new buiidinj; recently oc-
cupied by J. Bolgiano & Son, of Balti
more, Md. This concern is one of the
oldest and most substantial in the East,
with a record and reputation extending
far back into the very infancy of modern
seed business. Their growth has been
most commendable, because it has been
forced upon them more by the excellency
of their product.-* than by a grasping de-
sire to capture everything. Some of their
most noted specialties this season are the
New Century Tomato, Ruby King Rad-
ish, New I.«ader Cabbage and the New
Early Fortune Cucumber. In their sto<'k
is also to be found fresh tested seeds of
the Rocky Ford Cantaloupe, Valentine
Beans, Alaska and Gradus Peas, and a
general line of farm and garden seeds.
Look up their advertisement elsewhere
in our paper and write for the catalogue,
kindly mentioning where you saw this
notice.

A Neat BINDER for your back nom-
ben can be Itmd for 25 cents. Addreee
the Busineae Offloe.

1903. ^;^Farm Right and Prosper.

The farmer's genius is shown and his prosperity meas-
y what he works with.

The Line Includes
Up-to-Date Disc Plows,
Sulky & Gang Plows
Stalk Cutters,
Subsoilers.
Planters.
Cultivators, Eto<

have the mod-
ern idea,
make your
lands yield the most
^^ with least labor, give you such

advan tastes as money makersin other call-
ingsenjoy. Write our nearest house
•■ aiKjut any Labor-saving Im-
plements you require.

B. F. Avery A. Sons,

Manufacturers,
Louisville, Ky.
Memphis, Tenn.
New Orleans, La.
Dallas, Tex.

CLEN ALLEN HERD OF

..ABERDEEN-ANGUS CATTLE..

Headed by ALLENHURST KING IV 4W9,

Assisted by VICTOR G., No. 3r693.

I am now oflFering for sale a few choice young bulls of serviceable age, at a
bargain. Any one wanting bnlls from prize-winning families at a moderate
price, will save time and money by calling on or addressing

GLEN ALLEN STOCK FARM, W. P. ALLEN, Prop., Walnut Hill, Ya.

SUNNY HOME HERD OF

ABERDEEN-ANGUS CATTLE.

BARON ROSEBOY ( The great son of the world-famous
GAY BLACKBIRD) in service.

Nearly all the leading families of the breed represented by females sired by the
most famous bulls of the age. Wechallenge oomparis on both as to individual excel-
lence and pedigree. Another car of grand cows just arrived, personally selected
from one of the best herds in central Illinois. Ttie tops out of one hnmired head.
Six animals of the same family and strain as ROSEGAY (for two years the champion
of Ametica), others equally good. All young stuff of weaning age sold ; am booking
orders for future delivery.

Write your wants; we are bound to please you.
^=B- 4. L. FRENCH. Proprietor. Fitzgerald, N. G.

Rockingham Co., 24 miles south-west of Danville, Va., on D. 4 W. Ry.

POLAND CHINA BOARS

«@°THE KIND THAT GETS BIG.=^

Sired by sob of PROUD PERFECTION. Have now 8 on hand, from

2 to 3 months old. Price, $10 for 2 months old, $11 for 3 months.

Expressage prepaid to Virginia poinis. Your money back

if you are not satisfiied.

^ BULLPIELD PARMS, ■ -Doswelb Virginia.

1903.]

THE SOUTHBEtN PLANTER

135

THE ADVANTAGES OF FARM LIFE'
It is the farmers' boys who are most
likely to succeed, whetlier in business or
in professional life. Spending most of
their time under the open sky, breathing
fresh air, and eating simple food, they
are more likely to have vigorous health
and strong constitutions than are their
city cousins. Brought into constant
contact with nature, they absorb a
great deal of useful knowledge, and ac-
quire habits of observation. Then, too,
the regular farm work, the '-chores," and
numberless other little things keep them
well occupied, and enable them to feel that
they are earning their way, thus giving
to them a sense of independence and cul-
tivating a spirit of self-reliance and man-
liness.

The performance of a deal of drudgery
is an indispensable preparation for all
real success in life, whatever the occupa-
tion. A boy who is afraid of work or
of soiling his hands need not expect to
accomplish much in the world. Country
boys have their full share of fun, but
there are many disagreeable duties on a
farm which farmers' boys learn to accept
as a matter of course. Edward Eggleston,
speaking of the value of his farm training
when a boy, once said to me : " I learned
one thing of great value, and that was to
do disagreeable things cheerfully." — Jo-
siAH Strong, in " Uncle Sam's Talks on
Our Country," in February " Success."

FAMOUS PRESCRIPTION FOR ALL
HOUSEKEEPERS.
Dr. O. B. Joyful,
21 Sunshine Avenue.
Office Hours : 6 A. M. to 12 P. M.
A little dash of water cold,
A little leaven of prayer,
A little bit of sunshine gold.
Dissolved in morning air.
Add to your meal some merriment,
Add thought for kith and kin.
And then as a prime ingredient
A plenty of work thrown in ;
Flavor it all with essence of love
And a little dash of play ;
Then a nice old book and a glance

above
Complete the happy day.
Take daily, and repeat.

Patrick Murphy was taking a walk one
Sunday through a field where cows were
grazing. The bull took after him, and
before he could get over the ft-nce the
bull caught him with its horns and
pitched him right over into the adjoin-
ing field. When he got himself gathered
up, the bull was standing on the other
«ide of the fence, scraping and booing.
" Oh, be me sowl," said Pat, " ye needn't
stand there apologizing, for ye intinded
it all the toime."

Ruth was watching mamma for the
first time prepare some hominy for break-
fast. " What is tliat, mamma?" she
asked. "It's hominy," said raanima.
Ruth still looked puzzled, and pretty
soon she said again. "What ie that?"
"Hominy," mamma answered once more,
*nd somewhat impatiently Ruth looked
at her and said, "Why, I don't know how
many!"

Portable Saw Mills

Ith EiiBinej* and Boilcrt* Complete.

JIade in seven aizes, friction feed, cable
liglitninK Pb'. piiteut chain set works and
improved dogs. A J AX CENTER
CKVNK em; INK!* are constructed
M, ith pspe<*ial reference to the peculiar
,.-,..t re.iuired of them. This com-
bmaiion of engine and mill
miikesthe best sawujill
oiuiit on earth.

RUMSBY=WILUAMS COMPANY

GASOLINE ENGINES and
GRAIN THRESHERS.

ST. JOHNS»ILLE, MEW YORK.

SIR JOHN BULL and UNCLE SAM

Have become so famous that I found a multiplication of their progeny
necessary to the filling of orders; hence I have added a large

number of purest-bred Imported and
American Sows, no akin to my old herd,
and most of them now in farrow to Im-
ported Berkshire Boars of a new strain.

HUNTING DOGS and PUPS FOR SALE.

A D U R H A n BULL CALF, a picture,
cheap. Write for particulars.

THOS. 8. WHITE, Fasslfern Stock Farm, liexlngton, Vm.

CISMONT DORSETS..

CISMONT STOCK FARM offers well developed young
Dorsets of the best blood of England and America.

Prices reasonable.

G. S. LINDENKOHL, Keswick, Albemarle Co., Va.

RIPPLEY ScomblDOtlon

Steam Cookers

I ■ r IT bk I W UomDIDUliun ^pbwvb..* ^w^.-w- ■»■
,.7ld undera guarantee torcookingfeed, heating Poultry, K»B?yd
Dalr^hou4f heating water in stock tanks or cooking f eed 20Ji f t.
fromCooklr'S.Seofboiler8teel;nofluestoniBtorleak.Ca,
be°Sed°outtid^?SFoase sareasastoye. WUlcook^buotf^^^^^
'-,2hr9. Usednndenrtorsedljy Wis.,_Ia., Va., Ga. ana onl. state

.III..

SuT™ Cooke,,. Cook.,ud Bit^cra- S^^plif cVwoji. wd p'""« °'^='> '"»•

RIPPLET HMDWARE CO., CooHr Wire.. Bo» 70 SB>nOII. ItlHOIS.

When corresponding with Advertisers, always |ay that you saw their
advertisement in The Southern Planter.

136

THE SOUTHEKU PLANTEB.

[February

One very cold day Tom, in his first
trousers, was walking along with his tiny
overcoat turned back to its utmost limit.
"Tom," said his father, meeting the
child, " button your coat." But the boy
demurred. " Look at mine," added his
father. "Yes," said Tom, ruefully, and
obeying under protest, "hut everybody
knows that you wear trousers !"

A minister whose education in business
matters had been sadly neglected had a
email charge, and eked out a living by
writing for the papers. One day he re-
ceived a check for $15, made payable to
his order. He took it to the local bank,
and, banding it in, was told to indorse it.
He hesitated a moment, and then, taking
up the precious document, wrote on the
back : " I heartily indorse this check."

TOWNS MADE BY RAILWAY'S.
To-day towns do not grow merely be-
cause of their location, and this factor of
location will become less and less impor-
tant as the years go by. Chicago is situ-
ated upon the most impossible an un-
lovely of all places of human habitation.
She is simply a city of transportation and
is no better than her rails and boats,
though by her rails and boats she lives
in every Western State and Territory.
The same is true of St. Louis and the
vast Southwei?t. One railroad recently
planned for Western extension, and laid
out along its lines the sitesof thirty eight
new towns, each of which was located
and named before the question of inhab-
itants for the towns was ever taken up.
Another railway in the Southwest has
named fifty cities that are yet to build,
and Ptill others have scores of commuui-
ties which in time are to he the battle-
grounds of human lives, the stages of the
human tragedy or comedy. The railways
have not only reached, hut created prov-
inces; they have not only nourished, but
conceived communities.

Maine Lawyer — What is vour opinion
of the character of Deacon Blank?

Witness (cautiousiy) — 1 never heard
nothin' agin him.

"Don't you know him to be an honest
man?"

"Wall, he's befn fair an' square in all
his dealin's with me, and with others as
far as I know."

"Isn't that sufficient to prove him a
man of sterling integrity?"

"Wall, I dunno. I never traded horses
w th him."

"You never kin tell which way any
pleasure is a' comin'. Who ever would 'a'
thought, when we aimed at the ceme-
tery, that we 'd land up at a first-class
fire?" — From "Lovey Mary," The Cen-
tury, February, 190.3.

"The way to git cheerful is to smile
when you feel bad, to think about some-
body elsf's headache when yer own is
'most buBtin', to keep on believin' the
Bun is a-shinin' when the clouds is thick
enough to cut." — From "Lovey Mary,"
T he Century, .January, 190.3.

Mention the Southern Planter when cor-
«epo nding with advertisers.

The Miller MANURE SPREADER and PULVERIZER

Is a machine every farmer should have. It will SAVE YOU its cost In a short while.
IT MAKES FRIENDS WHEREVER SOLD.

wnflforSogue. THE NEWARK MACHINE CO., -

Mention the Southern Plantbb when you write.

Newark, Ohio.

Made for the Man
Who Wants the'
Best.

ThO; Great Western
Manure Spreader

will also spread compost* Hmc, land plaster, enlt. wooJ o-hi _ _

do it quicker, better and more evenly than it can be done by hand. Spreads as much manure in one day as twelve

load and spread by hand and the job is much better when done. Spreads the largest load a team can haul in 2 to 4 minutes. It

makes thesamearaount of manure go three times as far and at the same time produce better results.

)r little while in motion. Puts tlini C9Q | nnnu— always ready to load. Notumlngf
orspots— Sto2JloadsDeracre. LnULLOu ArnUII back into position with crank,
away from beater while loading and acts as hood in spreading,
ig sticks, stones, etc. Front wheels cut under, and machine can
izes. Capacity 30 to 70 bushels. It saves time, labor and moner
d spreads it so evenly thatitisimmediatelyavailableforplantfood,
I iDOr OlTll nfilir lObvKiinclies.withSUrcrecutsshowsthespreaderperfectlyanddescribcsitfuIly. Tellsalsohow
LAnbt bA I aLUuUt to appiv manure to secure bestresults. Mailed tree. <

SMITH MANURE SPREADER C0.» &H N. JEFFERSON ST., GHiCAQOi ILU

wnlem^. Madein twostjles and foui

BLACK-LEGINE

Pasteur Blackleg Vaccine ready for use. UpARAxlf

Single Blacklegine (for common stock): 10 close box, $1.50;
20 (lose box, 12.50; 50 dose box, $6.00. Double Blacklegine (for
choice stock) $2.00 for 10 doses, first lymph and second lymph inclu-
sive. Blacklegine Outfit for applying Blacklegine, 50 cents.

Pasteur Vaccine Co.,

CHICAGO - NEW YORK - FT. WORTH - SAN FRANCISCa

SPB*

Best sprayer made for nlnei
Shrubbery, etc. Rite^ilj carric

YING IS EASY

and you have an outfit always ready at a mementos
notice for u small or larpe job in the

GARFIELD KNAPSACK SPRAYER.

i?iitb9 of all work, a?< Cotton, Tobacco, Potatoes, Cardans

I luid worked, .simple and durable. C'ui.pnr tank foncaved to til
hinp: to corrode. We also mako the Empiro King and Orchard
rlartre operations, and others for all purposes. l-uUy described

FIELD FORCE PUMP CO.. 223 Eleventh St.,Elmira. N.Y.

1903.J

TKB SOUTHBEN PLANTBB.

137

THE GENTLEMAN ON THE PLANTATION

SHOULD HAVE AS MANY COMFORTS AND CON-
VENIENCES AS THE GENTLEMAN IN THE CITY.

With a WIND MILL or GASOLINE ENGINE farm
work can be made easy and at a small cost.
You can CUT and GRIND FEED, SAW WOOD, THRESH
GRAIN, PICK PEANUTS, SHELL CORN, MAKE CIDER,
PUMI' WATER FOR STOCK, and

LAST BUT NOT LEAST

PUT WATER IN YOUR OWN HOUSE.

STRATTOIM tc BRACC

20 and 22 N. Sycamore St., PETERSBURG, VA.

You can have your Bath
Tub, Water Closet and Hot
and Cold Water in your
own Home.

WE CAN FIT YOU UP

FROM START TO

FINISH.

We have our own compe-
tent and skilled workmen,
which we send out to install
our fixtures.

NO DISTANCE TOO FAR.

- Let us figure with you.

IVANHOE POULTRY YARDS———

Breeders of

e^

Exhibition Barred
Plymouth Rocks

ENGLISH CARRIERS AND HOMINQ PIGEONS.

For information, address

Ivanhoe Poultry Yards, Box 258, Richmond, va.

\SM^1t^M^MM

138

THE 80UTHEEN PLANTER

[February

ADVANTAGES OF CONSOLIDA-
TIONS OF SCHOOLS.

The educational problem of the pre-
sent is the problem of the rural school.
The cry has gone up for longer term, bet-
ter eupervLson, better teaching, better
houses, with improved equ;pment, in-
cluding well selected libraries. The de-
mand is for a school that shall be in
every respect the center of a richer social
life. This can never be so long as we
have eo many small schools. At the very
basis of all reform of the rural school
is the problem of consolidating small
echools into larger ones centrally located.
CoasolidatioQ of rural schools is made
all the more necessary in the South be-
cause of the great multiplicity of schools
resulting from separate schools for the
two races. In view of our problem, it is
of interest to see the resnlta of consolida-
tion in other States.

A summary made up from the reports
printed and written from the eighteen
States in which consolidation has been
tried, shows the following advantages ac-
cruing from the consolidation of small
echools and the transportation of pupils
at public expense :

1. The health of the children is bet-
ter, the children being less exposed to
etormy weather, and avoiding sitting in
damp clothing.

2. Attendance ie from 50 to 1-50 per
cent, greater, more regular, and of longer
continuance. There is neither tardiness
nor truancy.

3. Fewer teachers are required, so bet-
ter teachers may be secured and better
salaries paid.

4. Pupils work in graded schools and
both teachers and pupils are under sys-
tematic supervision.

5. Pupils are in better school houses,
where there is better heating, lighting
and ventilation, and more appliances of
all kinds.

6. Better opportunity is afforded for
special work, such as music, drawing, etc.

7. Cost in nearly all cases is reduced.
This includes cost and maintenance of
school huildings, apparatus, furniture,
and tuition.

8. School year is often much longer.

9. Pupils are benefitted bv a widened
circle of acquaintances and' the culture
resulting therefrom.

10. The whole community is drawn to-
gether.

IL Public barges used for children in
daytime may be used to transport their
parents to public gatherings in the
evenings.

12. Transportation makes possible the
distribution of mail throughout the whole
township daily.

13. Finally, by transportation the farm
becomes, as ofold, the ideal place in which
to bring up children, enabling them to
secure the advantages of centers of popu-
lation and spend their evenings and holi-
day time in the country in contact with
nature and work, instead of idiv loafing
about town

The Parson— Your wife, sir, is trying to
run my church.

Witherby— If that is really the case,
the only thing for you to do is to join my
poker club.

ipmiE Pulverizing Harrow

H U Ifl C ^B%^ Clod Crasher and Le

Sizes
3to13 1-2 Feet.

Agents
Wanted

Leveler

SENT ON TRIAL

be returned at my expense if not satisfactory,
best pulverizer — cheapest Riding Har-
row on eartli. We also make walk-
ing Acmes. The Acme
crushes, cuts, pulverizes,
turns and levels all
soils for all pur-
poses. Made en-
tirely of cast steel
'-' and wrought iron
-indestructible.

Catalog and Booklet, ".4n Ideal Harrow," by Henry Stewart, mailed free.
I deliver free on board at New York, Cfakafo, Colaobns, LoolsrlUe, Kansas Clly, Mlsoeapolls, Sio Francisco, etc
Address DUANE H. NASH. SOLE MANUFACTURER - MILLINGTO.N, NEW JERSEY.

PIEASE MENTION THIS PAPEB.

POPULAR TOOLS FOR MARKET GARDENERS

SEE SEED OROPI NEW UNIVERSAL. I mew universal i V „fe,rf_

dOrill 4 Cultivator*^ J(Tr$f1?)D

NEW UNIVERSAL. I mew universal

In Plain '>«''''l» Whrei Single Wheol

Sight ■■

The only implement
made which cao be used
as seeder and
cultivator. 1 or -l
■vheels as de-
sired. Quickly

POPULAR PRICES, i:*^ catal

NEW UNIVERSAL^

Wheel Plows. |

Three stales. For Cai-deaeis Ij (

AMES PLOW COMPANY, 56 MARKET STREET, BOSTON, MASS.

FOR SALE BY GRIFFITH & TURNER CO , BALTIMORE, MD.

RODERICK LEAN Implements

Famous f
gooJ

spent for

a postal requesting illustrated catalogue will save you dollars in :tie

"' ■* purchase of Spike-tooth. Spring-ton::i

and Disc Harrows or Land Roi:-

Don'tbuv until vou learn

■/..■ the RODERICK LEAN

RODERICK LEAN MFG.C0.,Mansf1eld,0.

ASSETS, $900,000.

Virginia Fire and flarine

Insurance Company, of Richmond, Va.

Insures Against Fire and Lightning.

AGENCIES IX E%ERY TOW> AXD COUXTT.

H. PALMER, President. w. h. WCARTHY, secretary.

Farmers Mutual Benefit Association.

A Fire Insurance Association, chArtered by the State for the farmera
o( Virginia, under an amended and well protected plan.

Insures in counties Burrounding and accessible to Richmond, against Fire and
Lightning, only country propertj- — no stores or unsafe risks. Policv holders amply
secured — all losses paid. Average cost per year less than other plans, and a great
saving to farmers. Amount of property now insured, $330,000, and increasing
yearly. Estimated security in real and other estate, t"50 000.

For further information, addrees, CHAS. N. FRIEND, General Acent,

mmmriom this joukhal. CHESTBR. VmaiMIA.

IWS.J

THE SOUTHKR5 PLAJNTBB.

139

BILTMORE FARMS, - Biltmore.N.O,

Headquarters for GOUDEN LAD JERSEYS,

Also get of TREVARTH and GEN. MARIGOLD. J- ^ *

GOLDEN LAD'S SUCCESSOR, First and sweepstakes over all at the Pan-American Exposition, the
champion JERSEY BULL OF AMERICA, and out of Golden Ora, our great prize-winning cow, both
born and developed on these Farms, is among our service bulls.

Biltmore Jerseys are a combination of large and persistent milking qualities with an individuality
that wins in the show ring.

SPECIALTY. Write for descriptive circular of the best lot of young bull calves ever offered, both for breed-
ing and individuality. They are by noted sires and out of large and tested selected dams. Many of these
calves are fit to show and win in any company.

^ J6

BILTMORE POULTRY YARDS.

je j6

SPECIALTY. Write for descriptive circjilar of eggs from our prize- winning pens. Over 50 yards to select
from, made up of the winners at the leading shows for the last two seasons. If you want winners yon
must breed from winners.

Headquarters for the best IMPORTED ENGLISH BERKSHIRES.

APPLY TO BILTMORE FARMS, BILTMORE. N. O.

The most popular Machine in use for Peanut Picking and Grain Threshing are the

HEEBNER'S,
LITTLE GIANT ^^°
PENNSYLVANIA

Machines, and they have splendid improvements for 1903.
They are built in first-class manner, and are strong and dur-
able. The price is within the reach of all. We guarantee
them to do the work satisfactorily. We will mail catalogue
and testimonials, and quote prices on application.

RUBBER, LE&THER

and

GANDY BELTING.

^^

FRICK'S "ECLIPSE"
ENGINES and BOILERS.

ERIE ENGINES and BOILERS.

"LITTLE
SAMSON"
Automatic
Engine.

THE CELEBRATED

•'CHASE" SAW MILLS

This cut shows our 5 and 7 h.p, " Little
Samsom " Vertical Automatic Engine, for

ii np I AlAU ff UAPIIiyCRV running threshers, peanut pickers, cnttins

feed, sawing wood, etc.
Larger sizes also furnished.

STRATTON & BRAGG, 20 and 22 N. Sycamore St., Petersburg, Ya.

140

THE SOUTHfiRN PLA-NTEB.

[Febrnary

Send for Our Catalogue

il mnd cable tnck <

It has 133 pagM. size 9t

cut this ad out lad scn^ i

i-yVi^tii' MARVIN SMITH CO., """-"lit^dS^UT'

USELESS TRICKS FOR FARMERS.

To try to farm without a judicious ap-
plication of manure to your lands.

To buy what you do not need because
it is cheap — or nice.

To plant more acres than you can prop-
erly take care of in the way of cultivat-
ing because you wish to have a ' big"
crop.

To expect to grow crops without due
attention being given to their cultivation.

To expect to grow good crops from poor
seed.

To expect to have good farm stock
without feeding and giving attention to it.

To expect to have good milih cows
without providing for their comfort at all
seasons.

To leave your farm tools exposed to
the weather.

To lounge about the village store or
postoffice when the weeds are growing in
your crop.

To talk of what your farming opera
tions will be np.vt year while you are do-
ing nothing this year.

To plant fruit trees and then allow the
cattle to destroy them.

To leave your neighbors' gates open
and then expect yours to be shut always.
You thus teach a bad lesson by your own
example.

To elect to oflSce men who cannot take
care of themselves by the ordinary pur-
suits of life.

To he surrounded by mud when you
can easily have good paths about your
premises.

Frank Moxeoe Beverlv.

Dickenson Co., Va.

QUICK PROFITS IN POULTRY.

With the exception of strawberries,
says Prof. A. G. Gilbert, it takes three
years to realize on small fruits ; a milch
cow does not approach her full produc-
tion short of three and a half years; ap-
ple trees do not begin to bear freely short
of seven or eight years. How about the
hen? Three weeks from the setting of
the hen you have a hatch of chickens;
from four to four and a half months from
hatching the cockerels are readv for the ,
market, and in five to five and a half
months the pullets will begin to lay. Add
to this the fact that in cities at the pres-
ent time fresh laid eggs are selling at 30
to 3-5 cents a dozen, and it is clearly de-
monstrated that poultry-raising well-
ma-^aged is one of the most profitable
branches of farming.

Author— My book, sir, will be in exist-
ence long after you are forgotten.

Critic— Yes, I should say that it is
likely to escape the wear and tear of ex-
cessive reading.

HowareYourEyes?!

-•———— — »

I

We are the largest optical establishment South, and give proper adjustment k

of SPECTACLES and EYE GLASSE-:. Complete manufacturing plant on the J

premises. Mail us the pieces and we will from them duplicate your Glasses, f

Glasses by mail our specialtv. k

EMliiiiT

is also complete with CAMERAS, KO-
DAKS and PHOIO SUPPLIES. De-
veloping and printin;

finely executed. P

* Our line of QRAPHOPHONES, with latest records. OPERA GLASSES, i
J FIELD GLASSES, Incubator and Dairy THEREnonETERS, etc , etc., is '
H also complete Lowest charges in all cases. p

I TIIE8.G1LESKI0PTIC1' CO.,BtliandMainSts.,Ricliiiioml,Va. i

J* THE <*

SEABOARD

AIR LINE RAILWAY

OFFERS

PROFITABLE

INVESTMENTS

TO — -.

WW

THE MANUFACTURER^
THE STOCK RAISER^
THE DAIRYMAN^
THE FRUIT GROWER^
THE TRUCKER.
WHEBE TOUE LABOR IS NOT IN VAIN.

Would a country where work can be carried on the entire year »nd where large
profits can be realized interest you?

The SEABOARD Air Line Railway traverses six Southern States and aregioB
of this character. One two cent stamp will bring handsome illustrated literatore
descriptive of the sectioa.

J. B. WHITE, EDW. E. C(»ST. CHARLES B. RYAN,

Gen. Indastrial Agt., Portsmoath, Va. Traffic Mgr. Gen. Pass. Aff., Portsmouth, Vt.

When you write to an advertiser, always say you saw the adyer-
tisement in THE SOUTHERN PLANTER.

1»«S.]

THE 80UTHBEN PLAlirrBB

141

SHELBURNE'S

Is the BEST WAREHOUSE

in Richmond, the BEST MARKET for all grades ot Tobacco. It
is the home of sun and air cured Tobacco and headquarters for
flue-cured and shipping types. Here are located the head offices and
stemmerles of all the large corporations, Regie representatives and the
largest number of independent factories and buyers in the United States.

SHELBURNE'S WAREHOUSE

Has the largest lighted space, insuring equal attention to every pile.
Ample accommodations in every way for all our customers.
Correspondence solicited.

SILAS SHELBURNE & SON, Props., 12th and Canal Sts, RICHMOND. VA.

THE RICHMOND PLUMBING
AND MANTEL CO.,

26 N. Ninth Street, RICHMOND, VA.,

Has just received
an entirely new
Stock and com-
plete line of

STOVES, RANGES, FURNACES,

MANTELS, GAS and ELECTRIC

FIXTURES, FILTERS, TILING and

FIRE-PLAGE TRIMMINGS.

We are contractors for

PLUMBING, TINNING, SHEET-METAL
WORK and ELECTRIC WIRING.

Correspondence Solicited.
CALL AND INSPECT |0URiSH0W-R00MS.

142

THE 80UTHEEN PT.AWnCR.

[Febrnary

INVENTIONS WHICH HAVE
BROUGHT WEALTH.

By Maky Washington.

No. 1.

In rendering the records of modern in-
ventors in the United Stales, two points
strike me especially about them— tirst,
that the great majority of them are me-
chanics, or at lea-,1, plain, practical men,
without scientific training; and eecondly,
that thev have a much easier and more
prosperoiis fate than the inventors of past
ages, few of whom reaped any pecuniary
reward, or even obtained recognition and
appreciation of their services durmg their
lifetime.

Among the long list of men in the
United States who have made useful and
important inventions during the last
quarter of the 19th century, few of them
except Dr. Alexander Graham Bell (in-
ventor of the telephone) enjoyed the ad-
vantages of early scientific training, al-
though those who had a strong bent that
way, managed to pick it up, to some ex-
tent, in later life.

In 8tud\ ing the career of Dr. Bell, it is
very interesting to note how hi.s previous
experience both in his studies and hfe
work, and even in those of his father
before him, seemed to pave the way to his
great invention. His father. Dr. Alexan-
der M. Bell, was an educator of deaf
mutes, born in October in 1819. In 1843,
he became a lecturer on elocution and
voice cultare in the University of Edin-
burgh and in New College, but his prin
cipal work was instructing deaf mutes.
In 1870, he removed to Camden, and in
1881, settled in Washington City. He
published many works on elocution and
phonetics, but was chiefly distinguished
as the author of "Visible Speecti," a
method highly successful in teaching
deaf mutes to speak. His son, the re-
nowned Alexander G. Bell, was born in
Scotland March 31, 1847. He was edu-
cated in Edinburgh, but went to London
in 1867, and to Canada in 1870. In 1872,
he introduced his father's system of deaf
mute instruction into the United States,
and was made a Professor in Boston Uni-
versity. After having experimented for
years on the transmission of sound by
electricity, and devised various apparatus
for the purpose, he, at length, produced
the telephone which he exhibited in
Philadelphia, in 1870, and this seemed
ft fitting climax to all his previous
studies, efforts and labors which had all
had a bearing on the human voice and
on electricity. This invention brought
him a large fortune, but not all at once.
He carried the first working model of his
telephone to John A. Logan, ofleriag him
a half interest in it at $25, but Logan
made light of his machine, and rejected
his offer. Then he offered a tenth inter-
est in it to an examiner in the Patent Of-
fice for $100, but this ofler was also de-
clined. Within fifteen years this tenth
interest was worth a million dollari, so
great a commercial success did the tele-

fihone become, when its claims were fair-
y set before the public. No one has done
more than Bell to annihilate the barriers
of space. Moise's work was wonderful
enongh in enabling us to receive tele-

DEAL DIRECT ^JTe" FACTORY

Don't pay n-tail price fnr r:ir
leurn iil>out our byBiem ufscilii
il to yon. Saiisfactiufi

■ harness. "VVHte for our catalogue and
from factory lo customer. Two profits
, meed, or you can return the purchase
wtir pav freight charges both wavs. We have the largest assortment
of huT'i«*s. surreys. pb!et4)U8, carriaees, and other hierh grade vehicles.
well lis harnes.". "horse rups and other horse accessories, in America.
Write fur the catalogue to-day.

THE COLUMBUS CARRIAGE & HARNESS COMPANY,
Factory and General Office. COLUMBUS. 0. \ V/rite to

Western Office and Distributing House. ST. LOUIS, MO. /nearest office.

30 YEARS SELLING DIRECT

, We are the larcrest manufacturers of vehicles and har- ^
ness in the world selling to consumers esclusivelv. tl^

WE HAVE (NO AGENTS

butship auy\\ hero fur ex-
amination, guaranteeing
sale delivery. You arc
out notbiii g if notsat-
isfled We make l".
styles ot vehicles au..
65 styles of harness. ;
Visitors are always
welcome at our
factory.

1.42— DonbleSurre Harnr.<;s. 1

As good as sells for^lOiuorc.
Lrtrge Catalogue I EEE — Send for it. *"^ww»j . rio.33I — Surrey.

ELKHART CARRIAGE & HARNESS MFG. CO-, Elkhart Ind. As good

R Perfect Weeder

in all soils, under all conditions. The all important feature of flexibility
of teeth is near perfection in the YORK BMPROVED.

Made of square spring steel with round points, andsetsta^r-

gered in stronj? but flexible aiifiHe steel frame. Wide clearnnce, no
*-'^ogeine. teeth too stroni; to break. Multiplies producing (qualities
of poii unci d'les not whip or bruise growing plant. Adjustable
handles ai.d shafts. Write for free descriptive circuiiir.

Spang'er Manufacturing Co.. 501 Qusen Street, York, Pa.

TWO CROP ESSENTIALS

are cultivation and keeping; down weeds.
More important than deep cultivation is
keeping the surface stirred, breakinsr the
crust due to rains, and allowing the li^rht,
air, moisture and warmth to penetrate
quickly to the roots of the growine plant.
For doing: just these things the ideal imple-
ment is the

Adjustable Weeder
and Shallow Cultivator.

It kills the weeds at first showing, the top soil is pulverized and kept mellow, the plant
roots are not disturbed and the moist soil is not brought up to dry in the sun. Adjustable
in width. Narrows to 30 inches, widens to 7J4 feet. Strong, rims steady, no cumbersome
shafts. Furnished either with round teeth or with flat to suit different soils, as we are
licensed by the Hallock Weeder Conipany to use tlieir famous flat teeth. Weeder booklet
mailed free. We also make 10 styles Corn'Planters, 12 styles Cultivators. 20 styles Com Shel-
lers, hand and power, Harrows, Field Rollers, Feed Cutters, etc. Write for cataJogue C.

KEYSTONE FARM MACHINE 00.,^ 1554 N. Beaver St., York, Pa.

KEYSTONE

Highest Typewriting Possibilities
Available Only to Users

SMITH PREMIER
TYPE,WRITE,R

Known Everywhere. Employed by Govemnients and Great Corporations which command only the
best facilities. Illustrated Cataloeue and **^ Touch** Typewriting Instruction Book Free

THE SMITH PKEMIER TYPEWKITER COMPANY

No. 519 Eleventh St., N. W., WASHINGTON, D. 0.

1903. J

THE 80UTHBBN PLAlITBli.

143

graphic messages over the wires, but
Bell's is far more marvellous, enabling us
to hear the living voices of our loved
ones with all their lesser peculiarities of
accent and inflection. The Bell appara
tus, however, was improved upon by a
clerk named Emile Berliner, who evolved
ideas which made the long distance tele-
phone possible. The monopoly of the
Bell Telephone Company is now held
under Berliner's patents, and Emile Ber-
liner has reaped prosperity from them.

Thos. Alva Edison was born at Milan,
Ohio. February llth, 1847, the same year
in which Bell was born. He received all
his early education from his mother, and
at the age of twelve was a train boy on
the railroad. A station-master taught
him the art of telegraphy, in which he
Boon became remarkably skillful. He
studied the principles of the science, and
his quick and inventive mind soon turn-
ed towards making practical applications
of electricity to the wants of every- dav
life.

When he made his first important in-
vention, he carried it to a company on
Broadway, N. Y., and the manager told
him he would pay him 136,000 for it, but
not a cent more. This announcement
amazed Edison, as he had not dreamed
of aspiring to so large a sum, and when
the check was paid him he still distrust-
ed that it might be a bogus one, especial-
ly as the clerk refused to cash it off
hand, but when Edison established his
identity the money was paid to him with-
out further difficulty.

It would be tedious to enumerate all of
Edison's hundreds of inventions. Sufii-
cient to say, he has attained not only
fame, but great wealth by means of them.
Amongst his marvellous inventions may
be mentioned the phonograph, which is
the root from which have sprung the
graphophone, gramophone, and all the
talking and singing machines which can
BO wonderfully reproduce the voices of
the absent or even of the dead, the
strains of concert singers, and of bands
and orchestral music.

Augustus Schultz, of New York, in-
vented the modern method of tanning,
which has reduced the process of making
leather from a year or two to a few
"weeks. All thin, tough leather now
manufactured is made in this way.
Prior to this invention, Schultz was very
poor, but he became wealthy by means
of it.

L. C. Crowell, who was a day laborer,
made a large fortune by his invention of
a paper folder which made possible the
present enormous edition of many paged
newspapers. The Crowell folder takes
the sheets as they receive impressions,
packs them into neat shape and stacks
them up, ready for distribution.

Hugh Cook, of Dayton, Ohio, was a
worker for wages when he made the in-
vention on which the most efficient cash
register in the market is based, from the
proceeds of which he receives about
$25,000 a year.

Amongst the men who have reaped
wealth from their inventions, I am glad
to say I can enumerate Mr. John N.
Gamewell, of South Carolina, who in-
vented the fire and police alarm now
generally used throughout the whole

Th^ n<^l r\\CH SAW MILLS ARE SURE WINNERS.
1 llw LJ^l^KJrW^t I Eight sizes, from Farmers' 4 h p. up to 200-h. p.

If Interemted, write for large Illustrated catalogue ot OeLoach Patent Saw Mills to suit
any power from 4 to 200-h. p.; Shingle Mills, Planers, Edtjers, Trimmers, Stave and Lath
Mills. Bolters, Corn and Baljr Mills, Water Whf els, etc. To introduce our New Farmers'
Saw Mill, fitted with De Loach Patent Variable Friction Feed, we make this special ofl'er:

We will deliver on cars at factory our
No. O Pony Farmers' Saw Mill, with
Duplex Dogs, Imp oved Head Blocks
and Ratchet Set Works, complete as
shown in cut, except it has Carriage made
in two 4-foi)t sections, with Rope Drive
instead of Rack and Pinion, without Saw
or Belt, for $115.00 Spot Cash I
With .36" Solid Saw, iViTAO; 40", 8132.50;

44", 8140.00; 48", .1:1.50.00.
With 36" Inserted Saw. S147.S0: 40" 5152.50;

44", 8100,00; 48", J170.00.

Best Rubber Belting, 4-ply, 6", 20 cents

per loot ; 8", 30 cents per foot, n et.

No discount from these prices.

Our Warranty: This mill is warranted to be made in a workman-llke manner, of first
class material throughout, and to live perfect satisfaction if operated accoraing to our
printed instructions, which are so simple that a boy can understand them. Any one with
ordinary Intelligence can set and operate without the assistance of an experienced
sawyer; will easily cut 2.000 to 2 .500 feet of first class board lumber per day with only 4-h. p.;
3,000 ft. with 6-h. p.; 4,000 ft. with 8-h. p ; is adapted to any kind or size power up to 15-h. p.
DeLOACH MILL MANUFACTURING CO., Box 600, ATLANTA, GEORGIA, U. S. A.
The DeLoach is the only mill made that is shipped to all partsof the world. Over 10,000 in use.

THERESA HEN ON

doing her duty and making yoa easy i

II The ilawkeye

Made in eizes to suit your needs, from 60
eggsto200, all of the finest and most approv-
ed construction and ^aaranteed in every
particular. Our littie price includes every-
thing needed. W"e send our incubators on
30 DAYS' FREE TRIAL. Sendforfree
illustrated catalogue describing fully all
sizes of Hawkeye Incubators and Brooders,
paper, or send 10c and we
leading poul-

VW^"

^

3 and s
B year.
Box 49, Nf

m 9^ ^w^^^ ^..^

THE HATCHBNG INSTINCT. 1^,::^^'";:^::^:^

been ■„r„i„^ all fertile petalumH incubator.

non-shrinking- redwood, lieaters of c
itiUting. self-'eeuUtinjT. Devices the mostsensitivcand depe. Jal le. Supplies moisture
dry climates. U^ed all over U. S. with great e-Kp.rt demand. IVtulumu Ifrooderi.
'C no superiors. Fair prices and freight paid all over U. S. Write for latent free catalogue.

PETALUMA INCUBATOR CO., Box 46, Petaluma, Cal., or Box 46. Indiaaapolts.lad.

^ INCUBATORS ON 30 DAYS' TRIAL THE WORLD'S BEST STANDARD HATCHER. ^

Thonsands of these Incubators are in successful
operation in the United States, Canada, South
Africa, New Zealand , Sweeden, England, Hollan d,
and Germany. These'machines operate to perfec-
tion and always bring off a large brood of strong,
healthy chicks. Catalogue with full particulars
sking The Standard F. C. Incubator Co., Dept. 6, Rochester, N. Y., U. S. A.

I DO YOXTFt TIiA.JiJ.NG.. |

TO Where an established reputation warrants continued confidence. Th« name oi $

^ LUMSDEN on anything in the JEWELRY or SILVERWARE line is a standard of at

A QUALITY. O

i FINE COLD AND DIAMOND JEWELRY, I

I STERLING SILVERWARE AND CUT CLASS. |

% SIX SOLID STERLING SILVER TEA SPOONS, $3.40. Write for our catAlosue, it J

A contains many articles on which we can saye you money. a»

I C. LUMSDEN t SON, Established 1835, 731 E. Main St., Richmond, Va. |
a6«€€e€€C<aocccac6c«ccecc'e€€€€€€cao<iqcc«ac«o«ctt»i»ai>9ai»e

Wlien corresponding with Advertisers, alTvays mention
The Soutliem Planter.

144

iTHB 80UTHEEN PLANTER.

[Febrmarj

civilized world. Mr. Gamewell received
a me-lal both from the French and Rus-
Bian Governmeat for this invention.
He took up his residence in New York
citv, was made Superintendent of the
Fire Department, and acquired a large
fortune from his patents.

Another Southerner who has achieved
prosperitv bv his inventions, ia Mr.
Jam«s Albert Bonsack, of Virginia, who
invented the cigarette machine, which
has redounded so largely to the wealth
both of the State and of himself.

OF 217 MOSTILLITERATE COUNTIES
IN THE UNITED STATES, 212 ARE
IN THE SOUTH.

In the Southern States there are two
hundred and twelve counties in which
one-fifth or more of the native white
males of voting age (twenty one years
old and over) are illiterate; in all other
States of the Union only five. In two
States — North Carolina and Louisiana—
nearly half the counties are in this cla.=s.
In fifty-one of the SDUthern counties the
illiteracv in this class is thirty per cent.
or more! Of these, three are in Virginia,
three in North Carolina, nine in Ken-
tuckv, eighteen in Louisiana and eighteen
in Texas. In any of these counties the
balance of power is in the hands of the
illiterate voters, and illiteracy is king.
Under such conditions Democratic gov-
ernment must be in great danger Its
form mav remain, but its substance can
hardly exist longer. If it does continue
to exist, it can only be to illustrate the
truth of the fact that it is woe unto any
country when the ignorant man and the
evil bear rale in it.

Prunes are exceedingly wholesome and
should be used often as dessert. Many
whose digestion forbids the eating of
other fruit can eat stewed prunes and
be benefited by them. Prunes have a
curative property. They are very suita-
ble for the diet "of convalescents. They
are nutritious, laxative, and healing to j
the membranes of the stomach. Do not ]
taie medicine, but eat liberally of stew-
ed prunes. They have been known to
cure inflammation of the stomach. There
are several difierent varieties of as many
different qualities, sour and sweet, but
the large French prunes are the best that
can be had.

Stewed prunes are the best for general
use. Wash thoroughly and soak them
an hour in cold water, then stew slowly
in a porcelean-lined stewpan until soft.
Sugar to taste before sending to the table,
or they can be sweetened wnile stewing.

The heavy charges on small parcels
come pretty near being outrageous. The
robbery is all the worse where a package
has to travel between two small towns
and over the routes of two express com-
panies. There should be a universal par
eels post. This reform should precede
any reduction of letter postage. Now
that rural free delivery will soon be
made universal, the next great reform to
be insisted upon ia the parcels post.
Then, for a few cents, farmers can supply
customers in the cities directly with nice
fresh fruits, vegetables, etc., just as is
done in England.

Uncle Sam says it's
all right

Uncle Sam. In the person of ten of his government otBcials, is always In chares of every
department of our distillery. During the entire process of distillation, after the whiskey
Is stored in barrels in our warehouses, during the seven years it remains there, from the
very grain we buy to the whiskey you get. Uncle Sam is constantly on the watch. We dare
not take a gallon of our own whiskey from our own warehouse unless he says it's all right.
And when he does say so. that whiskey goes direct to you. with*all its original strength, rich-
ness and flavor, carrying a UNITED ST.^TES REGISTERED DISTTLLER'S GUARAN-
TEE of PURITY and AGE, and saving the dealers' enormous profits. That's why
HAYNER WHISKEY is the best for medicinal purposes. That's why it is preferred for
other uses. That's why we have over a quarter of a million satisfied customers. That's
why Y'OU should try it. Y'our money back if you're not satisfied.

Direct from our distillery to YOU

Saves Dealers' Protits I Prevents Adulteration I ^^""

HAYNER WHISKEY

PURE SEVEN-YEAR-OLD RYE

4 FULL $0:20 EXPRESS
QUARTS W PREPAID

■We will send you FOUR FULL QUART BOTTLES of HAYNER'S SEVEN-
■YEAR-OLD RYE for $3.20. and we will pay the express charges. Try it and
if you don't find it all right and as good as you ever used or can buy from
anybody else at any price, send itback at our expense, and your J3.20 will be
returned to you by next mail. Just think that ofler over. How could it be
fairer? If you are not perfectly satisfied, you are not out a cent. Better let
us send you a trial order. If you don't want four quarts yourself, get a
frieud to join you. We ship in a plain sealed case, no marks to show what's
inside.

Orders for Ariz., CaL. Col., Idaho, Mont., Nev., NMex.. Ore. , Utan. 'Wash,
or Wyo. must be on the basis of 4 ({aarts for S4.00 by Express
Prepaid or HO ^,uATts tor S16.00 by Freisht Prepaid.

■Write our nearest office and do it NOW.

THE HAYNER DISTILLING COMPANY

ATLANTA. GA. DAYTON, OHIO ST. LOUIS, MO. ST. PAUL, MINN.

153 DiSTnXEKT, Tbot, O. Estabushkd 1866

OHAKTEKEO 1370,

Merchants National Bank

OF mCHMONO, VA,

Designated Depository of the United States, City of
Rlchmona and Commonwealth of Virginia.
Being the Largest Depository for Banks between Baltlmor*
and New Orleans, this Bank offers snperior facilitlec fbr
direct and quick oolleotlons.

ISO. F. BRANCH.

President.

JNO. K. BRANCH,

■Vloe-Presiaent.

Capital Stock, $200,000,00

Sarplns and Proflta, 5600,000,00

JOHH r. QUENN,

Oaahler.

DiBioroBS.— John3'.;Brancli, B. B. Mnnford, Chaa. B. StrlnglUIow, Tbos. B. Soott, B. W
Branch, Fred. W. Soott, Jas. H. Dooley, Jno. K. Branch, A. 8. Bnfbrd, B. C. Morton. AnOnw
Plxalnl. Jr.. J. P. Qeorge, Alex. Hamilton, Sam'l. T. Morgan.

1903.]

TETB BOT7THEBN FLAKTEB.

146

If You Want

YOUR GOOSE TO LAY
"THAT GOLDEN EGG"

FEED HER PROPERLY.

I mean buy your supplies right. You should lay aside a few Gold Pieces
yourself, you might ask how it can be done— easy, dead easy— stop paying
high, country prices. The mail comes to your home six times a week, I can
get a letter from you every day.

GET MY PRICES, I WILL BE GLAD TO MAIL YOU OR YOUR FRIENDS

MY PRICES EVERY NIGHT.

The railroads almost pass your house. Uncle Sam spends millions yearly
to give you mail and railroad accomodations. You need not come to town,
let Uncle Sam do your shopping. He can knock the spots out of you in
buying— just try him. No matter how small your order I will be glad to have
it and ship promptly. Here is what your groceries will cost you

/=^^ HIST ONE-HALP WHAT YOU ARE NOW PAYING.^-^

Arbuckle'e Green Coffee 9^

Granulated Sugar i\

Beat Family Flour 4 25

Byrd leland — have no other.

10,000 lbs. Nice Family Pork 9

7 Boxes Axle Grease 25

800 BblB. White Oil 12

1,000 Bushels Seed Rye 68

500 Tons Fine Timothy Hay, hun-
dred 75

300 Tons Choice Clover Hay, hun-
dred 70

10 Large Cakes Fancy Soap 25

C r y B ta 1 Washing Soda, Light,
S m o ot h, and Durable, makes

Washing Easy 30

Washing Powders, 8 for 25

Fine Gun Powder Tea 40

Ben Mocha and Java Coffee Roasted 18
Large Fat Mackerel in Nice Buck-

ete or Kits, about 15 Iba 1 25

New River Herrings, 750 fish in the'

barrel. Large and Fat 5 50

New Cut Herrings, barrel 5 50

Finest Cream Cheese. 15

Baker's Chocolate— 2 Cakes 25

New Table Raisins— 6 Lbs 60

Fine French Candy 8

Pure Lard 9J

•10 Tone Pure aty Made Shipstuff,

hundred 1 00

Cotton-Seed Meal, Nothing Finer.

510 Tons Cotton-Seed Hulls — an ex-
cellent Winter Food, Cheap and

Nutritious, per hundred 50

This is as good as Coarse Meal for

60,000 lbs! Rock Salt for Stock— try
a bag, keep it in the Trough, im-
proves Stock very much, $1.00 for
100 lbs.

Chalmer's Gelatine, 3 for 25

Seedless Raisins in Packages 9

Cleaned Currants, per lb 8

New Citron for Fruit Cake 12

Home Made Mince Meat 8

100,000 lbs. New Mixed Nuts 11

Virginia Hams, Choicest of Meat. I
have a Nice Lot of Hams Made

inSmithfield, Va 14

Fine Sweet Cider, per gallon 20

Home-Made Black Berry Brandy, 5
years old and nice.

Family Tonic, quart 20

Northampton Anple Brandy, 6 years
old — pure — Apple Juice — nothing

finer made— gallon 2 00

Clemmer'a Fine Old Mountain Rye
Whiskey, double distilled, sweet

and wholesome, quart 40

Juniper Gin, sure cure for bladder
and kidney troubles ; relieves the
cutting, stinging ache in your back,
quart 45

Gibson's Fine Old Rye Whiskey ; fit
for a king, get a quart 75

O'Grady's Pure Malt. Try a bottle
of Malt for that hacking cough. It
is a sure cure. It is gewd for dys-
pepsia. Indigestion it cures at
signt. Warms the inner man ;
makes new rich blood, and stimu-
lates the whole system. It has
saved many and many a man and
hie family. 75 a quart. The price
is insignificant compared to the
benefit it will do you.

Country Cured Bacon Sides ISJ

100,000 bushels finest Oats 40;

60,000 bushels fine Com 66

Water-ground Com Meal, made of
the finest White Corn, and ground
by one of the finest mills m Vir-
gmia. Bushel 72

I have everything that is required
by a farmer from a 1,000 acre farm
to a mouse trap. Write for my
price list that will give you more
information~than a gossiping
woman.

Clover Seed, prime Crimson Clover
Seed 2 80

Choice Crimson New-Ciop Clover
Seed _ 4 26

Fine Winter Turf Oats (seed) 78

Prime Winter Seed Oats 60

I have an immese stock of NEW YEARS' GOODS, CAKES, CANDIES.
ERUITS of all kinds, and I will ship any quantity required.

D. O'SULUVAN, Eighteenth and Main Sts., Richmond, Va.

146

THE SOUTHERN PLAlTrKB.

[Febmary

Tlia following list of papers and perlo<Uoala
•!• the moA popnlar ones in tliU section.
We can SAVE YOD MONEY on whatever
Jonmal yon wish.

DAXLTES. pii,c( WITH

«LONE. rLANTt>

Tlmes-Dlspatoh. Richmond, Va 1 5 00 1 5 o"

The Post, Washlngrton, D. C S 00 6 00

News-Leader, Richmond, Va „.. S 00 3 00

TRI-M'EEKXT.

The World (thrloe-a-week), N. Y 1 00 1 26

VKKKT.TKB.

Harper's Weekly „ 4 UO 4 00

" Bazaar_ «.,..,_„. 1 00 J 40

Hontcomery Advertiser.. 1 00 1 00

Nashville American _ SO 76

The Baltimore San 1 Ot 1 8t

Breeder's Gazette _ 2 00 I 75

Hoard's Dairyman _ ..... I 00 1 SS

Ooontry Gentleman^ _ 1 60 1 75

Tlmee-Dlspatch, Richmond, Va.-... 1 00 1 25

BellglonB Herald, Richmond, Va.... 2 00 2 26

Central Presbyterian, " "... 2 00 2 50

Christian Advocate, " " ... 1 60 1 75

Turf, Field and Farm 4 00 4 00

Spirit of the Times 4 00 4 00

Horseman S 00 S 00

SEMI-MONTHLIES.

Wool Markets and Sheep 60 75

Dairy and Creamery 6t 76

Commercial Poultry 50 76

Allthree _ 1 50 1 15

MONTHLIES.

North American Review 5 00

The Oentnry Magazine 4 00

600
4 25

St. Nicholas " _ g 00 8 26

Iilpplnoott's •■ 2 SO 2 50

Harper's '• 4 00 4 00

Fomm " ~. 8 00 3 26

Borlbnei's " $00 S 25

Frank LesUee " 1 00 1 »5

Cosmopolitan " ...._ 1 00 1 SS

Kverybody's " ....„ 1 00 1 36

Mnnsey " __ I 00 1 36

Strand " — » 1 25 1 (o

McClnre's ** -... 1 00 1 i6

Puritan " 1 00 1 85

Bevlew of Revlewa.....„....._....„„. 2 50 2 75

Lelsnre Honrs 1 00 1 25

Blooded Stock. 60 60

Where yon desire to subscribe to two or more
of the pnbllcatlona named, yon can arrive at
the net subscription price by deducting 60
cents from "our price with thePlarUer." If
yon desire to subscribe to any other pnbllca
tlons not listed here, write ,ns and we will
eheerfUlly qnots clubbing or net subscription
rates.

Subscribers whose time does not expire
vntll later can take advantage of our club
rates, and have their subscription advanced
one year from date of expiration of their
mbssrlptlon to either the Ptanler or any of
the other publications mentioned.

Don't hesitate to write ns for any Informa-
tion desired ; we will cheerfully answer any
earrespondenoa.

We famish n» tampu eopia4ot othar pen-

Seed Jlouse of the South.

TIHOTHT.
OBCHARD

JoxursoH

BUCKWHEAT.
OATS »Bd
CAHK SEED.

"Whatsoever One Soweth, That Shall He Reap."

We seU strictly reliable FI£LD AUTD GARDEN SEEDS •!

every Tarlety at liowest Market rates, Incladed in wUcta

are BAGIiAND'S PEDIGREE TOBACCO SEEDS.

.we ALSO SMLL.

Out Own Brands of Fertilizers^

For Tobacco, Corn. Wheat. Potatoes, &c.

Pare Raw-Bone Meal, Nova Scotia and Tlrcinla Plaster and

Fertillzlns: Materials generally.

Partiee wishing to pnrcliase will find it to their intereet to price onz (oodi.
Samples sent by mail when deeired.

Wm. A. Miller & Son, ^

1016 Main street
LYNCHBURG, VA.

Heodquorters for
Nursery Stock.

We make a specialty of handling dealers' orders.

ALL STOCK TRUE TO NAME.

Pecans, Ornamental and

Chestnuts, Shade Trees,

Walnuts, Evergreens,

Small Fruits, Roses, Etc,

CALIFORNIA PRIVET, for Hedelng. WRITE FOR CATALOGUE.

..AQENTS WANTED..

FRANKLIN DAVIS NURSERY Co., Baltimore, Md.

■ccoce«ieeee«ie<iccccc<«<€cc<i<i— c«<e<i«ie«cwwc<«»<<(

Apples,

Nectarines,

Pears,

Cherry,

Peach,

Quinces,

Plum,

Almonds,

Apricots,

1903.]

THE SOTJTHEEN PLAIJTEB.

147

> LEE^S P'^^P^'^^P AQRICUTURAL L|ME|

rOr CO I I ON when used on laud with a fair amount of vegetation or with COMPOST (which is better the ^
crops are as good as from any Fertilizer. It prevents RUST and SHEDDING and keeps the plants green much ^
longer in dry weather. ^k

PEANUTS With the same conditions as above, it is a COMPLETE FERTILIZER for this CROP. Our %
customers say it is equal to the BEST FERTILIZERS ON THE MARKET. C

D/\Rll HE/A V Y I OD/\Cv-0 Haul out your farm pen scrapings, plow under and broadcast 500 to 600 ^
lbs. per acre (the earlier the better), and you will get a heavy crop of Tobacco and a fine crop of Wheat and ^
Clover or other grass, and by proper rotation will have a rich lot for any crop. ^

DRIuH I I UDACCO Our customers say that 200 lbs. per acre in the drill with other Fertilizer will prevent f

the Tobacco from FIRING and giving it a GOOD BODY and increase its value $20 per acre. For Wheat, Oats, ^

Clover and other grass it is exceptionally good. ^

It prevents RUST, SCAB and SMUT in WHEAT and and all say it is the best thing for clover they ever used. Fruit ^

Growers will find a WONDERFUL IMPROVEMENT by it use on their Orchards and Vineyards. >

Our EXCELSIOR TOBACCO EERTILIZER

Has been tested for six years and has proved equal to and in some cases superior to the high-grade ammoniated
goods on the market. We put in no useless filler and ihe farmer gets the 2000 lbs. to the ton of valuable fertilizer
for the crops and THE LAND. Hence they say their succeeding crops are much better than from other fertilizers

Our SPECIAX. CORN FERTILIZER For land where there is not an abundance of vegetation is equal to any.

^•-General agents for BliACK DEATH BUG KIIiI.£R for destroying Potato Bugs, Tobacco Worms,
and all insects injurious to vegetation ; and Sifters and Insecticide distributors for applying it.

PI.AIN SHEIiL. lilM E

Constantly on hand at lowest prices.

WRITE FOR CIRCULARS. A._

No. 1 WOOD-BURXT lilME

In car lots at lowest market price from kilns.

Im'EL'E a. sow, R^icHxaoi'D. va.

WAGONS and BUGGIES

MADE

RIGHT HERE

AT HOME

The BARBOUR BUGGY CO.,
The HUGHES BUGGY CO.,
The VIRGINIA WAGON CO.

All of Virginia.

These vehicles are guaranteed to be as good as can be bought elsewhere ; material and workman-
ship unsurpassed ; all sizes and styles, prices low. We can save you time, money and freight by
purchasing our vehicles. Send for our illustrated catalogues. Drop in our warehouse, and inspect our
stock. Inquiries cheerfully answered.

RICHMOND BUGGY & WAGON CO., 1433 E. Main Street, RICHMOND, VA.

J. T. DUNN, Manaeer.

148

THE 80T3THEHN PLAITTEB.

[Tebmary

Established by GEO. WA.Tr, 1840.

MANTBED CALL, Genera! Manager.

THE CALL- WATT CO.

MANUFACTURERS OF

Crown, Crescent and Watt Plows,

AND REPAIRS FOR PLOWS IN GENERAL USE.

Dealers in AGRICULTURAL IMPLEMENTS, MACHINERY & VEHICLES,

No. 13 S. Fifteenth Street, Between Main and Gary Streets, ■ RICHMOND, VA.

ItEFA.IB8 for all the plows in general use.

COBir PLANTEBS with and without Fertilixer Attach-

tachment.
OULTIVATOBS— Iron Age pattern, Disc, Biding and

Walking Shovel Cultivators.
HABBOWS— Iron Age, All-Steel Lever, Solid and Cut-

Out Disc.
FIELD BOLLEBS— Steel or Wood, Two and Three

Section.

PODDEE AND ENSILAGE CUTTEBS. FEED

MILLS, COEN SHELLEHS.
HOBSE FOWEBS, COMBINED FEED MILLS

AND POWERS.
ENGINES, THRESHEBS, SAW MILLS, BAKES

MOWEBS.
FARM AND FREIGHT WAGONS, all sizes.
BUGGIES, SUBBETS, DAYTON WAGONS.

EOAD CABTS.

Implements, Machinery and Vehicles for all Purposes.

*&- WRITE FOR PRICES.-^

AINSLIE CARRIAGE CO.,

Not. 8, 10 and 12 Tenth St., RICHMOND, VA.

Building Carriages to order is our special buslne».
Repairing and Repainting done, and best material used.
A full line of all the latest styles. Orders for ail
classes of Vehicles solicited.

1903. INTHESTUDATLAURELHILLFARM. 1903.
THE FINE HACKNEY STALLION

+ HEIDRIK +

Bay horse, foaled 1898 ; 16 hands high. This horse
has great natural action, and is capable of getting
the highest class harness horses.
FEE, $10.00 the Season or $15 00 to Insure.

Address C. F. ft J. BUTTON, Walker's Ford, ¥a.

I903. IN THE STUD 1003.

WEALTH, 29579.

RACE RECORD, 2:17i, Pacing.

Timed separately in 2:08 in a race at Indiana
State Fair, 1902.

Bay horse, foaled 1897 ; 16 hands high, weight, 1,200
lbs. Sired by Gambetta Wilkes, 2:19^, dam Mag-
nolia, by Norfolk, 3670, Wealth is grand
individually and in appearance.

FEE, $20 the SBisoniwith rituri privilege, or $25 to lisuri.
Address S. F. CHAPMAN, GordonsvllU, Va.

GREAT STAKES, 25521.

RACE RECORD, 2:20, Trotting.

Stallions at SpringGarden

The Property of Mr. ROBERT TAIT.

Burlingame, 26235, record 2:18}. trotting bav horse, by Guy
Wilkes, 2:16i, dam the famous brood mare Sable, by The Moor.
This horse is richly bred, a prize winner, at the New York
Horse Show, and sires grand looking colts. Fee. $'io toe sea-
son. Ed. Kearney, chestnut horse, bv Tom Ochiltree, dam
Medusa, by Sensation. A grand looking specimen of the
thoroughbred, and will sire not only race horses, but hunters
and jumpers of the highest class. Fee, |10 the season.

Addren SPRING GARDEN FARM, Coelwell P. 0., Va. | W. H. NELSON,

Bay horse, by Billy Thornhill, 2:24, dam Sweetstakes,

by Sweep Stakes, 298. Great Stakes has sired

Captain, 2:i6i; Foxhall, 2:19!, and four

others in the list. He is handsome,

well-formed and sires speed

uniformly.

FEE, $25.00 for the Season of 1903.

Address

1417 E. Franklin St, Riohmond,Va.

1903.]

THB SOUTHERN PLANTHS.

149

UB0R-SAVIN6 IMPLEMENTS AND MACHINERY.

Oom Planter.

CORN PLANTERS.

for Com, Peaa and Sorghum.

The HOOSIER, both single and double row, with
and without fertilizer Attachment. The SPANGLER

Olll Till ITnDQ PLANET Jr. and
WULIIff AlUlfOi IRON AGE Culti-

vators and Horse Hoes. CONTINENTAL Disc
Com Planter. Cultivators and Harrows, the best in the world.

Spring tooth attachments for Cultivator. RODERICK LEAN steel lever harrows for
one, two and three three horses.

THE SOUTH
bEND CHILLED
PLOWS.

DISC OXTLTrVATOB.

HOBSE HOE.
Wood or Steel beam ; all sizes. Guaranteed equal to any made.

THE CELEBRATED

HANCOCK DISC PLOW.

Single n Double Disc.

^tr=.__-v.i-li^

lUT

DISC HABS0W3-AU Sizes.

.SPIKE TOOTH HASBOW.

THE OLD RELIABLE

PEERLESS ENGINES.

SAW MILLS and
THRESHING MACHINES.

The FISH, The WEBER and The CHAMPION Wagons

IN ALL SIZES.

General agency for the Columbus Buggy, Co., Col-
umbus, Ohio, A. Wrenn & Sons, Norfolk, Va., and
other celebrated makers of vehicles. All grades in
stock.

Harness, Bobes and Whips, Pittsburg Per-
fect Wire Fencing, welded by electricity. Circular
for the asking. Correspondence solicited.

THE WATT PLOW CO., ;*S^ I '„''£T^^^^j^, Richmond, Va.

160

THE SOUTHERN PLAlTrBB.

[Febrtuury

PUKE-BRED FOWLS.

Why is the pare-bred fowl better than
the mongrel T The reasona are many.
For one, you can alwayi depend on the
pure-bred for uniform ^owth. Take a
mongrel hen, and her chickens will vary.
They never grow fiiet, and one or two in
the Dnnch will be ready for market two
months before the others. Not only that ;
the pure-bred are uniform in looks after
dressing, and sell higher on this account
for breeding and hatching purposes.
Their eggs and themselves always sell
higher than the market price for either.
Persons raising the pure-breds exclusive-
ly in this country must keeo all their
eggs from early spring until the hatching
season is over to supply the demand for
the eggs ; and now, since incubators are
so useful and common, those who want
eggs often order many wseks ahead to
get all they need. Another reason is that
the mongrel hen averages at the best
about forty eggs per year. The pure-bred
laying breeds with worst care given will
lay over a hundred eggs, and with mod-
erate attention I have known them to
lay very close to two hundred eggs per
year.— Chae. Amge Coy, Georgia.

A DELICIOUS NEW SALAD
DRESSING.

A most delicious dressing for green
salads is made by putting one tablespoon-
ful of lime juice in a bowl, adding a tea-
spoonfol of celery salt, a saltapoonful of
white pepper, and a dash of cayenne.
Mix in, a little at a time, alternately,
three tableepoonfuls of oil and two of
lime juice. Stir all the time, or the in-
gredients will separate. Add a table-
spoonful of finely cut chives, or an equal
amount of chervil or fi-eah tarragon
leaves.

Nodd— I shall have to postpone that
dinner for a week.

Todd — Certainly. Nothing wrong, I
hope.

Nodd — Oh, no ; but when I asked you,
I was under the impression that it was
the cook's night in.

Mother — Have you any waterproof
boots for a boy?

Salesman — We have waterproof boots,
ma'am ; but they are not for ooys.

Mother— Why don't you have some for
boys?

Salesman — When somebody has in-
vented a boot that has no opening for
the foot to get into it, we may hope for
boys' waterproof boots, not before.

"Pretty tiresome, isn't it?" remarked
the first man at a reception.

"It is so," replied the other.

"I'd sneak out, if I could, but my wife
would get mad. She's a friend of the
hostess,

"I'd sneak out, too, but my wife would
be furious. She's the hostess."

Mistress— Jane, I hear the bell. I
think there must be somebody at the
door.

Maid— I think likely, marm ; but it
don't be for me; my company always
call at the;kitcben door, you know.

GASOLINE ENGINES,

ALL SIZE5 AND STYLES.

Rams, Wind Mills,
Tanks, Towers, Coun-
try Plumbing a Spec-
ialty, Saw Mills,
Saws, Engines and
Boilers, Pipe, Fit-
tings, etc. Water-
Supply Contractors.

POKTABLB OASOLINB ENOINBS.

We drilled the well and installed the complete pumping plant at
the famous old James River country place, " Westover."

SYDNOR PUMP m WEIL GO. Inc., Box 949, Richnioml, fa.

Rural Books!

Every farmer should have these books on his library table.
They are invaluable.

Feeds and Feeding. Henry, • • - 93 00

Fertility of the L.and. Roberts, • - 1 35

Crop Growing and Crop Feeding. Slassey, 1 00

All Cloth Bound, Post Paid.

Let us order your magazines and other literature for you.
We can furnish almost any periodical and save you money.
Get our prices.

THE SOUTHERN PLANTER, Richmond, Va.

Seeds! Seeds! Seeds!

We sell the BEST Seeds for this section. Our long expe-
rience and study of the farmer's needs and the climatic and
soil conditions enables us to make this statement.

Have you seen our NEW SEED BOOK for 1903.? If not,
send for a copy to-day. It is well worth your while to do so.

T. W. WOOD <& SONS,

SEEDSMEN. RICHMOND, VA,

1903.]

THE SOTTTHEBN PLAHTTEB.

161

The Chesapeake & Ohio Railway

EXTENDING FROM CINCINNATI AND LOUISVILLE, AND
THROUGH ITS CONNECTIONS i

THE BIG FOUE SYSTEM, from Chicago, St. Louis, Peoria, IIldiaIlapoU^
Sandusky and Cleveland ;

THE OHIO CENTRAL LINES, from Toledo and Columbus j

THE CINCINNATI, HAMILTON & DAYTON, from Detroit. Toledo. Lim*
and Dayton —

FORMS THE MOST DIRECT *-ir^»K>'^i?„ir" ROUTE

To STAUNTON, LYNCHBUBQ, CHABLOTTESVILLB.
BICHUOND, FETEBSBITBO, NOBFOLK.
And Frinoipal Virginia Points.

H. W. FULLER, Gen. Pass. Agt. C. & O. Ry., Washington, D. 0.

RURAL BOOKS

OF EVERY DESCRIPTION

AT LOWEST PRICES.
SOUTHERN PLANTER, - Richmond, Virginia.

THE SEX OF EGGS.

An English poultry keeper, who has
been working on this subject for several
years, thinks that he has at last discov-
ered a way to insure a large proportion of
either pullets or cockerels, as may be de-
sired. He has given up all idea of being
able to determine the sex by the shape
of the egg, size of air-cell, time of day it
was laid, or any external charact«ristic8.
He now thinks the sex of the egg is de-
termined at the time of sexual contact,
and that there are two elements or forces
which unite, a positive from the male and
a negative from the female.

Where the predominating force is posi-
tive, a male will result, and vice versa.
To test this, he mated in April a very
vigorous cockerel, with two hens which
had ;iaid all winter, with the object of
getting cockerels. The hens had worked
hard for some months, and the conclu-
sion was that they must be more or less
weakened bj; it. Thus was obtained a
condition which pointed to a preponder-
ance of the positive element, and the re-
sult was about 80 per cent, cockerels.

To fiirther test this matter, six pullets,
in the pink of condition, were put in a
pen by themselves, and every afternoon a
two-year-old cock, which all the rest of
the day was running with 40 hens, was
placed with them. This mating resulted
in 80 per cent, of the chicks coming pul-
lets. Similar matings have been prac-
ticed by American breeders for some
years, and they have been able to obtain
a large per cent, of pullets or of cockerels,
but not always as high as 80 per cent., as
here mentioned.

THE TRAP HAS BEEN SET, BUT THE FARMERS "ARE ON TO IT."

S^T^BuvTHElWALTER A. WOOD MACHINES.

^..^^.v--4^.;.-^^.

7^-*^ •*

WHY?

Because it is the Best fla-

chine Hade.
Because it Belongs to no

Combination.
Because its Repairs Cost

Less.

The Wood Binders, Reapers,
Steel Hay Rakes, Tedders,
Corn Harvesters, Knife
Grinders the world knows
and the world endorses.

SEND FOR SPECIAL CATALOQUE.

WALTER A, WOOD MOWING and REAPING MACHINE CO., Richmond, Va.

162

THB BOTJTHBEK TJjAKTBR.

fFebnuuy

Latest Improved FARM IMPLEMENTS.

FARn THRESHERS iMACHlMES.
ENGINES AND SAW HILLS.

Steel Lever Harrows.

Wood Harrows— All sizes.
Disf Harrows— All sizes.
Sprin,? Tooth Harrows— All sizes.
Acme Harrows- All sizes.
Harrows tf all styles kept in stock at low-
est net prices.

i».43:

DON'T FORGET!,

A\] the merchants
' In town who claim
to sell Oliver Plows and Repairs only sell the
Imitation, Bogus, Cheap Goods. The only
place In Richmond, Va., to buy Genuine Oli-
ver Plows and Repairs is at 1436 and 1438 East
Main Street.

^^^'tSc^C.^^-'-

One and Two-Horse Planter, Plain or

with Fertilizer Attachment.
Special prices given on Studebaker and
Brown Wagons, Buggiec and Carts.
Studebaker Buggies, all styles, Stude-
baker Carriages, Studebaker Carts,
Studebaker Runabouts.

Buckeye Force Pumps.
Porcelained Wood Pumps.

Wood and Steel Wind

Mills.

ELI BALING PRESSES.

68atyles and aius. For horse
or ateam power. Write for prices
and witalogues.

Bement Disc Cultivator, with 6 or 8 Disc.

Built entirely of steel, steel forgingsand malleable iron.
The most simple and easiest adjusted cultivator on the
market to-day. Write for circulars and testimonials.

>• SCIENTIFIC FEED iMILLS, All Slzea."

The SCIENTIFIC Urindlng Mills.

Are nnequalled for grinding ear Com, ahncks on or oB,

Com, Oats, Wheat and all other grslna,

single or mixed.

POWER MILLS In Five Sizes,

2 to 30 horse-power.

" SCIENTIFIC SWEEP niLLS In Five Sizes."

Geared— plain and combined, with horse power.

LITTLE aiANT CORN

SHBLLERS,

One and Two Hole.

The f.-ani9 is made of thor-
oughly dry hard wood. The
joluta mortised, t«noned and
bolted. The bearings are bolted
on to the frame instead of
screwed. The iron work is made
from the very beat material,
and ever piece la carefully in-
spected before being put on.
This machine la high-grade all
the way through. It la hand-
somely painted, striped and
varniahed.

Write for special catalogue
and price on any imple-
ments wanted.
Superior Grain anrt Fertilizer
Drills. Hoe and Disc.

Wood Saws for Long or Short Wood.
Wood or Steel Frame.

ROSS

Fodder Cutters, Fodder
Bhreddera, Cnttera for
all purpoaes. Com Shel-
lera. Grinding Mill a.
Horse Powers and
Wood 8a wa.

HENING & NUCKOLS,

SucMssors to
CHAS. E. HUNTER,

Bennett's Improved Stump Pullers.

Three sizes and 10 styles.
Write for catalogues and prices.

I43i-3IE. Main Street IIIG10ND.H.

The Southern Planter.

DEVOTED TO

PRACTICAL AND PROGRESSIVE AGRICULTURE, HORTICULTURE,
TRUCKING, LIVE STOCK AND THE FIRESIDE.

Agriculture Is the nursing mother of the Arts.— XENOPHON.
Tillage and pasturage are the two breasts of the State."SULLY.

64th Year.

Richmond, March, 1903.

No. 3.

Farm Management.

WORK FOR THE MONTH

Since writing oar article on "Work for the Month"
for the February issae, weather conditions have been
Buch almost throughout the whole South as to prevent
the carry in g out of the programme of work therein
laid out for February. The frequent rains have kept
the land too wet for plowing, and those who failed to
make good use of the time in the fall and early winter
months to push on the work of breaking land to be
cropped this year will now find themselves likely to
be behind hand when seeding time is at hand, and will
perforce be compelled to try to put four months' work
f into two. The result will be incomplete preparation
j of the soil and diminished yields of crops. Year after
year we keep on urj ing the full utilization of the fall
and early winter months in the breaking of land in
order not only to lessen the pressure of work in the
spring, but also that advantage may be had of the
ameliorating influence of the winter's frosts on the
soil, but with comparatively small results. The far
mer Is usually a procrastinating individual — very
much like the Spaniard who always, when urged to
make an immediate effort, replies, 'Manyana," "to
morrow," a to morrow which often never comes. So
with the majority of farmers — they put off the plow
ing of land in the fall and winter months, confident
that in the spring there will be ample time to plow
and fit the land for the crop. And yet re flection would
assure him that probably in a majority of years in the
South there is always at least one month, and often

two, when the winter weather and the spring rains
are so persistent as to practically compel him to lose
at least one month of the time he had confidently reck-
oned on within which to complete his preparation of
the land for the crop. This practice of neglecting the
golden opportunity of the fall and early winter months
also results even when the spring is fairly genial in
largely limiting the amount of work which he can find
time to put on the preparation of the soil, and this, as
we pointed out in our last issue, is, in our opinion,
largely the cause of the small yields which crops make
in the South. Where land was broken in the fall and
winter, it is now well filled with moisture, not merely
on the surface, but in the subsoil, and this, if con-
served as it ought to be, will serve to meet all the
needs of the crop, even though we should have a dry
summer, whilst land yet to plow, though now wet on
the surlace, is likely to be dry in the subsoil, and will
require very careful management to make a crop
should the summer be dry. Very much of the rain
which falls on unplowed land during the winter is lost
to the soil, as it largely runs off the soil into the creeks
and ditches, and it is rarely the case in the South that
we can afford to waste water in this way if we are to
make a full yield from the land.

As soon as the land is dry enough, let the plows be
set to work first in breaking the land intended to be
seeded with oats, and then upon the land intended for
corn and forage crops. Do not, however, be tempted

164

THE SODTHBRM PLA_NTKlt.

I March

to plow until the land 13 dry enough to work freely
and leave the plow in a crumbly condition. Land
plowed wet can never be made into a good seed bed,
however uuch labor may be spent on it, whilst the
injury done to the productive capacity of the land by
the trampiug of the horses, especially in the bottom
of the furrows, is great, not only affecting the first
crop, but many subsequent ones, unless remedied by
8ul)soiling. Plowing, to be effective, should not mere
ly turn the soil over, but should do a great part of
the work of breaking that soil into fine particles and
leave it in such condition as that the harrow and cul
tivator can thoroughly and completely disintegrate it
and reduce it to a fine loose condition, at least to the
depth of 6 inches, and much better if to the depth of
9 inches. We would once again nrge the importance
of a more perfect preparation of the soil before plant
ing any crop than is customary in the South, or indeed
any pi.rt of this coantry. Instead of placing reliance
upon the application of commercial or other fertilizer
for the making of crops, let the first reliance be upon
the perfect preparation of the soil. There is an Im
mense reserve of plant fool placed by nature in al
most every kind of soil, as analysis proves, much more
than suflBcient to meet the needs of crops for yearti if
only available. This availability can only be secured
by the breaking up of the soil into the smallest parti
cles and subjecting these to the action of water, a!r
and sunlight, and later to the action of the acids de
veloped in the roots of almost all kinds of plants du
ring the process of growth, and which acids have a
powerful solvent effect on inert plant food. Only
when the soil is thus finely broken can the soil mi
crobes bring to bear upon it the wonderful fertilizing
qualities which recent investigation has demonstrated
them to possess. Mr. Geo. M. Clark, of Higganum,
Onn., probably the mosi successful hay grower in the
country, and who has made over 200,000 lbs. of hay
in one year on 16 acres of land, and over 20,000 lbs.
of hay on one acre of land, says the secret of his sue
ce'S is perfect preparation of the land and not the fer
tilizer which houses. He 1 hus describes his method
of fitting his land for a grain and gra'^s crop. He
begins on July Ist with the Double Action Cutaway
Harrow going over the field twice the first week in
half lap, the second time at right angles to the first.
The second and every subsequent week till August
Ist he goes over once in half lap each time at
right angles to the preceding. He thus harrows
five times in July, and in August follows in
half-lap with an 8 toot smoothing harrow with level
ling board until the surface is true. He then plows
the field with a 24 inch Torrent Cutaway plow to a
depth of six or seven inches, then trues the sur
face with the smoothing harrow again, and finally

harrows the field with the Double Acting harrow once
a week until September first (say three times), when
the field will be in condition for sowing wheat or rye,
if desired, or to lie until spring for oata. In this way
the land is stirred 43 times before sowing a seed. In
the secot d season, before sowing the grass seeds and
after cutting the wheat or oat crop, the field is stirred
32 times, at regular intervals, from July Itjt to Sep-
tember 1st, with the same implements as before, thus
making a complete stirring of the soil 75 times before
the sowing of the grass, which makes so great a yield
of hay. Mr. Clark has for ye.rs demonstrated that
fnch thorough woiking of land j ields a heavy profit.
With hay selling at $12 per ton he has made a net
profit of $42 per acre on his crop. Whilst it U not
possible for a farmer having a large area to put into
crops of various kinds to give so much work to each
acre, yet there is a great difference between one plow-
ing, one harrowing, and three cultivations, which is
about the average of that given to a crop of corn in
the South and the foregoing method of Mr. Clark.
It would certainly pay to give land here three or four
times the preparation usually given to It. Try the
experiment.

Oats for grain, forage or hay should be seeded du-
ring this month. It is too late to sow Virginia
grey winter Oits after the 15th of the month with
the expectation of their making a heavy crop. Up to
that time they may be sown, but they will not usually
make anything like so great a yield as when sown in
the fall or in January or February. The rustproof
oat is about the best variety to sow after the middle of
March in the South. None of the Northern spring
oats are suitable for Southern cliiaatic conditions, as
the weather becomes too warm for them before they
have had time to makesnfiacient root growth to with-
stand the heat. Land for the oat crop should be deeply
plowed and finely broken, and the seed should be well
covered, so that the roots may be protected from the
heat. The oat is a cold climate crop. Most Southern
farmers seed oats on their poorest; land, and without
any fertilizer. This is a mistake. " If oats are worth
growing at all they are worth better care than this.
P;obably in the South their greatest value is as a
forage or hay crop, as the grain is not so plump and
heavy as Northern grown oats, and therefore not so
good feed nor so valuable on the market. If given
good land to grow on, or they are helped with 250 to
500 pounds of acid phosphate to the acre, they will
make a hay or forage crop of value for stock-feeding,
especially for cattle, and can be followed with a cow-
pea crop, to be sown in June or July. Sow from a
bushel and a half to three bushels to the acre, accor-
ding to the fertility of the land. Put the heaviest

1903.]

THE SOtTTHBRN PLANTEB.

155

seeding on the poorest land and decresise the quantity
of seed as the land is more fertile. Whilst phosphoric
acid has been proved to be the dominant fertilizer re
■quired in the production of the oat crop, y* t experi
ence has also proved that a nitrogenous fertilizer will
materially help a weak growing;crop. An application
of from 76 to 100 pounds of nitrate of soda to the acre,
made just when the crop has fairly started to grow,
■will generally largely increase the yield, and especially
so of the straw, a matter of great importance wheie the
crop is to be used for forage or hay.

Grass and clover seed should be sown this month
•where not already seeded in the fall, which in the
South is undoubtedly the best and most proper time
for the crop. In our last issuei we wrote fully on this
question, and to that issue refer our readers. We
want again to emphasize the importance of not seed-
ing glass with a grain crop at any time if the best
stand of grass is desired, but certainly with spring
seeding nothing but grass and clover should be sown.
In the earlier part of this article we have made a quo-
tation from Mr. G. M. Clark as to the way in which
he prepares his land for seeding with grass, and there-
by secures enormous crops of hay. We refer our
readers to this and ask them to follow the directions,
certainly to as great an extent as time will allow.
Fine and perfect preparation of the land before seed-
ing is absolutely essential to successful grass growing.
As a fertilizer for the crop Mr. Clark, after long ex
perimenting, finds that he succeeds best by using all
his coirse farm -yard manure for the production of
corn and other cultivated crops where the weeds can
be killed as they sprout. When seeding with grass
lie uses only commercial fertilizers made from bone,
muriate of potash and nitrate of soda. He applies
these ingredients to each crop of grass — that is to say,
twice in each year, as he makes two crops of hay each
year. In the fall he applies 1000 lbs. of bone meal,
800 lbs. of potash, and 200 lbs. of nitrate of soda per
acre. In the spring he applies one third of each of
these ingredients. This app]ies:to fall seeding of grass.
If seeded in the spring we would give the heavy dress-
ing before sowing the grass seeds, and harrow in, and
then in fall, after the hay has been cut, apply the
lighter dressing as a top-dressing. Mr. Clark sows
only timothy and red top (herds grass) 16 quarts of
each per acre. On his very finely prepared land he
finds this quantity of seed sufficient, but on less care
fully prepared land we would sow twice this quantity.
The poorer the preparation of the land and the less
fertile the soil the more seed should be used, up to
three bushels to the acre. The sowing of timothy and
red top alone presupposes that the Held seeded is only
to be used for mowing for hay. If it is desired also

to secure a pasture after mowing, say two or three
years, then it will be well to sow also Orchard grass,
Meadow Fescue, Perennial Rye and Virginia Blue
grass. Under grazing, the timothy will die out, whilst
the other grasses will tndure. Be very careful to sow
the seeds with regularity. It is well to sow half one
way of the field a id the other half across. Harrow in
the seed with a smoothing harrow, running the harrow
both lengthwise aud across, and then roll. If after
the grass has commenced to grow it looks yellow, or a
light green, apply 75 lbs. to 100 lbs. to the acre of
nitr^tte of soda as a top dressing. The quantities of
fertilizer used will seem large to Southern farmers, but
it should be borne in mind that they are intended to
produce a heavy yield of hay. Mr. Clark has made
over 23,000 lbs. of cured hay to the acre in two crops
in one year. Our own experience has convinced us
that it pays to be liberal in the use of bone meal before
seeding grass, and we would never apply less than 500
lbs. of this to the acre. We believe that much less
potash (probably less than onethlrd) than Mr. Clark
uses will be found sufficient in Virginia, and that
probably 150 lbs. of nitrate of soda to the acre in two
dressings will suffice.

In the cotton section land should be broken and be
got into fine condition for planting as soon as it is suf-
ficiently dry to work. The same remarks as to the
importance of perfect preparation of the land before
seeding apply to cotton growing as to other crops.
The yield of cotton per acre is, on the average, less
than half a bale; whilst there is no reason whatever
why at least a bale to the acre should not be pro-
duced, and on much of the land, properly adapted to
cotton, li bales can easily be made. Where land wiU
not, under proper cultivation, and with leasonably
heavy fertilization, make a bale to the acre, it should
not be planted in cotton until sufficiently improved to
make that quantity. There is not a living profit in
making half a bale to the acre even at present prices.
The cause of the failure to make more than half a bale
to the acre is mainly two fold— lack of fertility in the
land and lack of preparation of the soil before plant-
ing. The lack of fertility is mainly a lack not so much
of the mineral fertilizers as of humus (vegetable mat-
ter) in the soil. No application of, commercial fertili-
zers alone, however heavy, will correct this. Vegeta-
ble matter must be grown, and be put into the soil,
and then even a moderate application of fertilizer will
produce a paying crop if only that soil, when thus re-
inforced with life giving matter, is properly prepared
before the crop is planted. We would strongly urge
that only such land as is not altogether devoid of hu-
mus should be planted in cotton, and that other land
should be planted in peas to prepaie it for cotton next

166

THE BOUTHBBN PLAJSTKEL

[March

year. Only by following this practice of growing ha
mns making crops aid turning them into t e land in
the late fall, or feeding part of the crop to stock, and
applying the resulting manure to the land and turn-
ing down a heavy stubble, can the increased yield be
secured. Do not bed up the land intended to be
planted unless it is wet land or liable to be flooded.
Cotton, like corn, succeeds best with level culture.
Plow an inch or two deeper than was plowed last year,
and plow all the land, not merely just where the row
Is to be. After plowing, use a good heavy drag har
row or cultivator, and work the land both length
wise and across until reduced to a fine seed bed.
The fertilizer intended to be given to the crop should
be applied during the harrowing and working of the
land, and will thus become thoroughly mixed with the
soil, and will be much more effective than if applied
just previous to planting the seed. If less than 500
lbs. to the acre be applied it may be put in the row,
and should be thoroughly mixtd with the soil by run
ning a cultivator through it, but we are on principle
sljongly in favor of broadcast fertilizing. Before
planting the seed freshen up the soil by running a cul
tivator down the row. As to the fertilizer to be used.
A series of experiments made in South Carolina dem
onstrated very positively that it is an easy matter to
supply more plant food than the crop can utilize with
profit. The maximum quantity of fertilizer that can
generally be used to advantage on average land Is such
an amount as will furnish 50 lbs. of phosphoric acid,
15 lbs. of potash, and 20 lbs. of nitrogen to the acre.
A fertilizer made of 1,200 lbs. of acid phospJate, 600
lbs. of cotton seed meal, and 200 lbs. of kainit will
supply this need if applied at the rate of 800 lbs. to the
acre. If peas have been previously grown on the land
as a preparation for the crop and acid phosphate was
applied to them both the acid phosphate and the cot-
ton seed meal in the moisture may be redaced or a
less quantity be applied per acre.

In laying out tie land for crops see that provision
is made for growing an abundance of forage crops,
such as cow peas, Soy beans, sorghum, millet (so called
Pencillaria, which has been much advertised and re-
commended, is nothing more than the old cat tail mil
let), and in Southern Virginia and the States South
Teocinte. Do not let the live stock have to depend
for their long feed next winter on the blade and corn
fodder made in the production of the corn crop.
Southern lands will never be improved until more
stock feeding crops are produced and either fed or
turned ander.

Mention the Flcmter to your friends.

"ALL FLESH IS GRASS."

Editor Southern Planter :

Improved stock must have improved forage — pala-
table, wholesome, nutritious forage, and plenty of it.

Until better and cheaper winter forage plants ar»
found than are now in common use in Alabama, and
until better summer pastures are provided than suclt
as our old fields afford, we cannot sell beef, butter and
pork in our own markets in competition with Illinois
and Kansas.

Our usual sources of winter forage, consisting o^
cotton seed, blade fodder and corn, are well enough a»
far as they go, but the trouble is they do not go far
enough. In truth, they furnish an altogether inade-
quate supply, and are far too costly.

There is no denying that a man newly arrived from
a stock country, and viewing Alabama from Norch ta
South through the windows of a railroad car, would
not be favorably impressed by it as a stock farming:
country. He would naturally ask. What is there to-
feed stock on » and say, I see no green pastures — noth-
ing but broomsedge and coaise weeds. Neither do I
see any meadows of timothy and clover; nor, indeed,
anything to take their places in supplying winter for-
age. Very likely some one would tell him that "her©
in the sunny South cattle do not need to be fei, or, at
least, but very little." And maybe a diminutive fod-
der stack would be pointed out as the only provision
necessary to carry a dozen head of stock through thfr
balmy and beautiful winter of our Southland.

Is it not time that such nonsense was ended t Im-
proved stock are only improved machines for turninpf
forage into meat and butter. For "all flesh isgrass,"^
and instead of giving stock only enough to keep them
alive, or "enough to do 'em," as the saying is, they
ought to be fed to the full from the time they are born
until they are ready for slaughtering.

It will not do for us to blindly copy the practices of
stock farmers in other countries. Our conditions dif
fer widely from theirs ; and let me say right here that
I fully believe our conditions, though difi'erent, are
fully as favorable as those of the farmers of Illinois or
Kansas. Our Alabama has just as grand possibilities
as the very best of them. She has wonderful capaci-
ties in the etock food line. Bat like the iron and the
coal in these mountains and valleys, they lie hidden,
and it will take ingenuity and industry to develop
them.

We must provide a bill of fare for onr stock for each
and every season here. No single grass, for instance,
will afford pastuie from spr ng to fall, as the "June
grass," or Kentucky blue grass of the North does.
I find Bed top and Orchard grass the best for spring
and fall pasture. I say "spring and fall," because
our winter is too cold to keep them in active growth^

1903. 1

THE 80UTHBEN PLANTEB.

167

«nd they carl up to take a summer siesta during our
hot season. Bermuda has no equal as a hot weather
grass. It is a vegetable salamander, and I am sure it
in a mystery to me that here in its own home it is not
more highly appreciated. It is time we honored our
own prophet ; for no other grass known to botanists
presages so much to the stockman of the South. It is
my humble opinion that even the "June grass" of
the North cannot compare as stock pasture with our
Bermuda. It used to be said in Old Virginia that
two months on a wire grass field, as Bermuda was
called there, would fatten any run down mule or steer.
Dairymen in the North have to supplement their pas
tares in the heat and drought of even their short surii
mers by soiling with cut up corn or sorghum. But
we of the South can do well in our long semi tropical
summers if provided with plenty of Bermuda.

For the winter part of oar bill of fare in stock food,
after experimenting for several years, I have settled
on Soy bean hay as a staple general ration for cattle,
horses and hogs. As I find it, the Soy bejn is the
most reliable, the most productive, the most palatable
and, above all, the most nutritious of all hay plants.
Neither is it very difficult to cure. It Is much less so
than field peas, and is in every way a fine superior
plant.

In choosing forage plants, preference ought to be
given to legumes, because they are not only rich in
protein, but yield well on land poor In nitrogen, pro
vided sach land can stock them with the necessary
parasitic microbe, as is now well known. In other
^oids, the millets, sorghums, and fodder corn, must
have nitrogen to produce a heavy yield, and that be
ing the costliest, as well as the most generally lacking
element in our Southern soils, the advantage of le-
gumes will be the more apparent.

I have experimented with sand vetch and am great
ly pleased with It. I am gradually extending the area
of it on my farm. This takes time, as unless the soil
be Inoculated naturally or artificially. It Is not worth
while to sow it on common land expecting to obtain
either hay, pasture or seed. Notwithstanding the
drought of last summer, it grew waist high for me,
and I threshed out several bushels of seed far superior
in vitality to such as I could buy. As my soil Is heavy
and moist, a winter pasture Is not of much value, but
in dryer and warmer soils than mine, sand vetch can
be of great service in helping out the winter ration.
Doubtless It may be a substitute for orchard grass and
red top In soils and situations too dry and warm for
them, and thus provide stock food in the Interval be
tween hot and cold weather, as those grasses do for
me. For such a purpose, I know no plant to compare
"with sand vetch. But our old friend rye must not be
forgotten. The stockman will always find it a valua

ble assistant In time of need. It does not gather ni-
trogen from the atmosphere, but it gathers It from the
soil, where it otherwise would be leached out by the
winter's rain (which Is often of just as much Impor-
tance), and then turns it over to us just when we most
need it In the shape of green succulent cattle food in
the early spring.

I have tried Essex rape ; it has done well ; but to
my mind It has no advantage over rye. I have also
tried Crimson clover. On damp, but not wet land it
does fairly well. But it is far less reliable than sand
vetch, which, while It stands cold as well as rye, also
stands heat as well as corn. Seed of sand vetch
plowed under (where It had shattered) in early July
never came up until the following September. Then
every grain sprouted, seemlrgly. Better still, where
there was any moisture It sprouted, and withstood the
terrible drought of last July and August unharmed,
and now carpets the ground all over. With such a
plant as that, together with Soy beans and Bermuda,
there need be no excuse for hungry stock In Alabama.
All the work In making and saving them can be done
by machinery, while blade fodder, corn and cotton
seed are gathered by costly and slow hand labor.

Moseley, Ala. Joshua Feanklin.

The advice given In the above article Is equally as
adapted to Virginia and North and South Carolina
as to Alabama. — Ed.

HIGH CULTURE, OR THE INTENSIVE SYSTEH,
AS APPLIED TO THE CULTURE OF CORN,

Editor Southern Planter :

There must be something radically wrong in the
present system of fertilization for corn; or possibly the
"wrong" may be In the composition of the fertilizer
itself, as usually compounded for this crop. I think
it is both. Why so ! Because it is so common for
one to read in experiment station bulletins and in the
writings of some editors of farm papers, that "chem-
ical or commercial fertilizers are not profitable when
applied to this crop; that the increase obtained by
their use will not repay the actual cost of fertilizer
employed."

I suppose this is somewhat dependent upon the
value (market price) of the crop when gathered.
Throughout the entire South, it would not be going
too far were I to say that there is never a single sea
son passes when corn falls to sell as high as 50 cents
per bashel, and oftener at 75 cents and $1 per bushel.

I have oftentimes stated the fact, and now reiterate
It, that chemical fertilizers get in their best work
(that is, do the most good, give best results, and prove
most profitable) in correatinj; known deficiencies in
the soil. Used Intelligently, and with this specific

158

THE 80UTHEEN PLAIITEB.

[March

object in view, their liberal use cannot fail to be both
beneficial and profitable. If the so called " com
plete" fertilizers fail to give a profit, why use a com-
plete fertili7er at allt It is entirely nnneceeeary for
us to purchase the more costly nitrogen when we can
raise our own needed supply in the field, right wheie
we want it, and without the trouble and expense of
hauling or distributing it, by means of the cow pea,
clover or vetch. This is essential t j good farming,
to intensive and profitable farming, let the main reli-
ance as a cash or money crop be what it may.

Corn needs an abundance of both nitrogen and pot
ash, and where these are lacking, or deficient, a large
or remunerative yield of corn cannot be obtained.
With a clover sod or cow pea stubble, or indeed any
other good sod to turn under, for the purpose of fur
Dishing humus, retaining moisture, and also of fur
nishing the netded supply of nitrogen, but little if
any more nitrogen will be needed than these will fur
nish, but where said humus is deficient, stable or lot
manure becomes an actual necessity in order that best
results may be attained. For l)e8t results, said stable
manure should be reinforce 1 by both phosphoric a;id
and potash. It is to be supposed that both clover and
cow peas were fertilized with these substances previ
ous to planting, as no really luxuriant growth of either
can be obtained where these are deficient, and amount
of nitrogen abstracted from the atmosphere is of course
entirely dependent on paucity or luxuriance of growth
of the manurial crop.

In the absence of a clover sod or cow pea stubble,
instead of depending upon a paltry 200 pounds of a
low grade (8-2-2) fertilizer, from 800 to 1 000 pounds
of a fertilizer containing 2 per cent, nitrogen, 7 per
cent, potash, and 6 per cent, available phosphoric acid
should be applied per acre. This should be applied
broadcast previous to breaking ; the ground immedi
ately broken deeply with two horse plow ; then
broQght in?o fine tilth by a free use of the harrow.

I have found the ordinary high grade "vegetable
grower," ready mixed goods, applied at rate of 500 to
600 pounds per acre on our rich bottom lands, to be
pre-eminently fatisfactory, obtaining a yield of 120
bushels per acre thereby.

The brat ch, creek or river bottoms are undoubted
edly the best corn lands we bave in the South. As
they ara more or less subject to overflow, they should
not be broken until spring. I have found May the
month for breaking these lands, and also the month
for planting on thete lands for maximum crop. There
is quite a large amount of native fertility in our allu
vials that deep preparation and intensive culture will
brirgtut ; but wLeie nraximum jields aredesired, not
only mmt the culture be intensive enough to make the
largest possible quantity of this native fertility avail

able; not only should chemical fertilizers be used to
the extent of correcting any excess, or making good
known deficiencies in the soil, but when all this ha»
been done, and not before, then the use of these same
chemical fertilizers may be satisfactorily and profita-
bly used ia feeding the crop. Maximum crop yield»
actually demands the presence in the soil of an ac-
tual excess of pUnt food, in an easily available form^
over and a'love any and all demands that the growing
crop can possibly make upon it. Do not be afraid
that if, from any cause beyond your control, yon fail
to get the full benefit of the manures applied the same
season in which the application has been made, that
they are irretrievably lost, lor they are not, but will
give evidence of their presence in the way of increased
crops for at least the next five years to come.

Above objection might hold good with a renter or
share worker, bat not with a land owner. Take the
crop yield (255 bushels of corn per acre) of Zechariah
Drake, for instance : J50 worth of stable manure and
$69 worth of commercial fertilizers were applied to
the single acre. Four years afterwards, in a personal
interview with Mr. Drake, I was assured by that gen-
tleman that "the jield of oats the succeeding season
on that acre was 150 bushels ; and that it had not
jielded less than two bales of cotton any jear since ^
and that without the addition of fertilizing agents of
any kind.

Mr. Alfred Ro9e, of Penn Tan, N. Y., succeeded In
obtaining a yield of 213 bushels per acre with but 800
pounds of a high grade corn fertilizer, and costing but
$17,50, but the land of Mr. Eose was extra good, while
that of Mr. Drake had previously been so desperately
poor as to yield but five bushels of corn per acre, and
had enjoyed the rather undesirable cognomen of ' 'star-
vation's empire."

After Mr. Drake's experience, it would seem that it
is needless to get out of heart with any ground simply
on account of its poverty. I have myself seen and
walked over this premium acre, and have no hesita
tion in saying that I have never been in a single State
in this Union, nor even a single county of any of the
States, but that I there found land that was naturally
superior to this prize acre. Truly: "There is more
in the man than there is in the land."

Burgess, Miss. G. H. TUENEB.

Wood Ashes and Fertilizer.

Is it proper to mix wood ashes and commercial fer-
tilizer together! SUBSCEIBEE.

Dinw'tddie Co., Ya.

It is better always to apply the ashes alone first and
work in, and then the fertilizer later. Ashei have &
tendency to set free the ammonia in the fertilizer. —
Ed.

1903.]

IHB SOUTHEEJSl PLAJsTTElt.

159

A QREEN CROP ALL SUHMER— CORN AND
COW-PEAS.

Editor Southern Planter :

If corn be planted in drills 7 feet apart as early in
the season as a good stand can be procured (for this
climate about the first of April) and from six weeks
to two months thereafter cow peas be drilled midwaj
between the corn rows and both well cultivated until
the peas become too large to work, a fall crop of corn
and very nearly a full crop of peas can be grown.

The following is an extract from Bulletin No. 70, is
sued in 1901 by the Arkansas Agricultural irxperi
ment Station : " The value of two successive crops of
corn without cow peas sown in them was $21.10, while
the value of tte two successive crops of corn, plus the
value of a crop of cow peas sown in the first crop, was
$33.54."

Here is an increase on the aggregate value of both
corn crops of (54 per cent., to say nothing of the im
provement of the land that resulted from growing the
peas, and if peas had been grown in connection witi
the second crop of corn, the percentage of gain would
don >t less have been mueh greater.

The question here arises, " Is it better to plant the
corn in ordinary drills — say 4 to 5 feet apart — and sow
the peas broadcast at the last workin^.^ of the corn, or
plant the corn and peas in alternate drills, as afore
said r '

Prof. Massey expresses himself in The Southern Planter
of June, 1901, relative to drills as follows :

" I am putting all my peas in rows this year and am
rapidly coming to the conclusion that this is the best
plan as a rule." He sajs nothing here nor do I find
an expression from him anywhere else, relative to
growing corn and cow peas in connection.

When peas are planted alone, the drills, for forage
or improvement purposes, may be 3 to 3* feet apart.
For bearing purposes they may be 3 to 6 feet apart,
according to the kind of pea grown. In either case
they should be well cultivated until the vines become
too lirge.

Drills, in connection with corn, are preferable for
several reasons : First. A saviug of at least three
fourths of the seed necessary for broadcastiag can be
effected. An actual test has shown that 12 pounds of
seed per acre in drills will produce a larger quanlity
of forage or shelled peas than a larger qu-»ntity, say
18 pounds, will, and it is believed will also produce a
larger quantity than one bushel broadcasted. Second,
Fertilizer applied to peas in drills, in connection with
proper cultivation, will act far better than it will with
peas that are broadcasted without cultivation.

When corn i'S planted, especially in the Southern
States, where the season is long, provision should in-

variably be made for cow peas by adopting the wide
row sjstem.

A deep, loose bed of proper width should be pro-
vided for the corn by running a suitable narrow plow
several times in the drills. A good dressing of stable
manure may then be applied in the drills to which
may be added 30 pounds of muriate of potash and 50
pounds of acid phosphate for each ton of stable ma-
nure, which will correct the excels of nitrogen in the
manure ; then mix well with the soil before planting.
A sufiaciency of corn should be used to procure a stand
at one planting. When thinned, single stalks may be
left in the drills 10 to 12 inches apart. This close dis-
tance, however, implies proper fertilizing and thor-
ough cultivation.

Last summer I had corn in 7 feet drills 8J inches
apart, with rows of peas between, tliat eared well.
With 12 inches distance, 100 ears to the bushel, an
acre should produ e 62 bushels of corn, and with 10
inches distance 74 bushels.

The corn should receive one or more deep cultiva-
tions, provided that the roots are not materially
broken. A belt of proper width midway between the
corn rows may be plowed deep with some suitable nar-
row plow up to the time the peas are planted.

Fektilizee foe Peas.

Mix 1600 pounds of acid phosphate with 400 pounds
of muriate of potash to make a ton. This mixture will
contain lO per cent, each of p( tash an 1 phosphoric
acid. Apply 600 pounds per acre on a belt about a
foor broad midway between the corn rows and mix
with the soil, preferably a few weeks before seeding.
* From 30 to 40 pounds of nitrate of soda per acre
may be added ; it will give the young plants a good
send off.

Id order to utilize the wide spaces, it will be neces-
sary to plant a rank grower. The Red Ripper, Won-
derful and Clay peas, in the order named, appear to
be among the rankest growers. The past setison I
grew the Wonderful with excellent results. With
single stalks, 3 feet apart in the drill, they covered
the ground to a sufficient extent to completely smother
the crab grass, and also climbed the corn stalks to a
iocsiderable extent. They appeared to yield better
th»n those in adjicent rows of half the distancp, and
if 4 feet distance had been given, I believe that they
would have yielded still better ; they were well fer-
tilized. These peas for bearing purposes are usually
left much too thick. Six to eight quarts per acre in
7 feet drills will be ample for forage or improvement
purposes, while for bearing a far less quantity will be
needed. Pant about the 15th of May. From
20,000 to 35,000 pounds of green pea vines can easily
be grown per acre. The smaller quantity, 20,000

160

iHJfi BUCTHBKi!J PL.A_NTKii.

[March

poands, will draw from the air and store in the vines
about $15 00 worth of nitrogen. When the vines are
turned down, after maturity, eaid nitrogen will be
utilized by the next crop.

Cow pea hay is far too rich in protein to be eco
nomically fed alone. Cooeequently it should be mixed
with timothy or some similar hay in equal parts, or
the timothy may be mixed with the pea vines in the
proportion of 7 to 6.

Shredded corn fodder (the entire plant, less the ears
of corn,) may be used in lieu of the timothy.

Carthage, N. C. Beyan Tyson.

GRASSES AND LIVE STOCK HUSBANDRY-
BERMUDA GRASS.

Editor Southern Planter :

The interest manifested by Southern farmers in
questions relating to grasses and live stock farming is
indeed very gratifying. There i3 no question that live
stock farming, when properly conducted, is profita
able, and will enable the farmer to improve the fertil-
ity of his soil. I have recently had occasion to study
the amount of commercial fertilizers used in the vari
ous States of the Union, and find thit in the great
live stock growing sections of the country the soil is
richer now than it was twenty years a^o, while com
mercial fertilizers are prac ically unknown to the gen
eral farmer. On the other hand, in those parts of the
country where live stock are not an important feature
of farming, the soil is for the most part in a sadly de
pleted condition and the commercial fertilizer bill
amounts to 5 to 10 per cent, of the total value of 'h6
crops produced. The correspondence of this oflBce in
dicates that the farmers of the South are thoroughly
interested in live stock farming, but, like all conserv
ative men, they wish to learn all they can about the
subject before making any radical changes in their
system of farmirg. For many years past the writer
has taken every opportunity to visit successful farm-
ers wherever they might be found and to learn as
much as possible concerning their methods, and he is
convinced that more valuable information can be ac
quired in this manner than in any other. It is a cus
tom in this ofBce, when we learn of a successful farmer
whom we cannot visit, to secure as much information
from him as possible by correspondence and to use
this information for the benefit of other farmers.

Fiom what we have learned in this way concerning
results that have been achieved in the Southern States,
there seems no question that, on the better class of
soils, Bermuda is the best pasture grass so far availa
ble. It also seems that in many places burr clover and
hairy vetch may be established on Bermuda sod, both
of which furnish valuable green feed during the win

ter. Occasionally we meet a farmer who is afraid of
Bermuda because it is somewhat difiBcult to eradiaate.
Personally, the writer believes that this fear is not
fully justified. It is true that Bermuda Is tenacious
of life, and this is one reason why it is so valuable;
but it is not difiBcult to eradicate if one will take the
trouble to perform the necessary labor. In many
places it can easily be eradicated by growing a crop of
wicter grain, preferably oata, sown very thick, cutting
this for hay and following with a thickly sown crop of
peas. Two season's cropping of thi^ kind has com-
pletely eradicated Bermuda in several cases with
which the writer is familiar. Fortunately, this
method of treatment is not expensive, and yields two
good crops a year.

Occasionally the assertion is made that stock do not
do well on Bermuda pasture in the summer. I have be
fore me a letter from Mr. J. D. Herring, of West Car-
roll Parish, Louisiana, an extensive cattle grower, in
which there is some valuable information on this
point. He says :

"I had enclosed a pasture containing 140 acres,
about 100 acies were set to Bermuda and 40 acres
woodland; upon this I put 100 head of two year old
cattle about; the first of April. These cattle had been
used to a large range. Up to the 1st to 15th of July
they did well. After that date they began to fall off
and look bad. About September Ist I took them off
the pasture and put them in the cane brakes for the
winter. I think they were much stunted in their
growth by keeping them on the pasture the last two
months. The Bermuda becomes hard and woody in
the late summer, and I don't like it for pasture after
July 15th unkss there is much rain to keep it ,• row
ing. I had uome 10 to 12 milk cows on a i asture last
summer that contained 15 acres Bermuda and 40
acres woodland, and they did very well all summer.
I advise all farmers to have a Bermuda pasture. It
makes good hay, and cattle will do well on Bermuda
hay all winter; besides, it is a good hog pasture. I
think it feasible to pasture cattle on Bermuda during
the spring and summer and winter them on alfalfa,
cow pea or Bermuda hay, and finish them for the mar
ket on cotton seed meal and hulls. I think the bad
effect of Bermuda in late summer c^uld be overcome
by mowing the pasture before the Bermuda goes to
seed."

I wish particularly to call attention to the recom-
mendation made by Mr. Herring that in order to pre
vent Bermuda from becoming hard and wiry, it should
be mowed so that slock may have the benefit of the
fresh growth that follows the mowing. Where it is
practicable to do so, it is probable that there would
be an advantage in dividing the pasture Into three or
four fields, so that stock might .• raze one of them
close and then be turned into another. If the grass
got too wiry before the stock had gotten over all of
the pasture, the part not yet grazed might be cut for
hay. In this way it ought to be possible, at least In

1903.]

THE 80IJTHEEN PLANTER.

161

aeasons of sufficient rainfall, to provide stock with
fresh Bermada pasture daring most of the summer.
W. J. Bpillman, Agrostologist.
TJ. 8. Department of Agriculture.

THE DIFFERENCE IN RESULTS FROM USING
A BALANCED AND AN UNBALANCED FER-
TILIZER

Editor Southern Planter :

The following is the result of a recent test with
■corn :

Plot 1— No fertiliser.

Plot 2 — An unbalanced fertilizer applied in the
drill at the rate of 450 lbs. per acre and well mixed
with the soil.

Plot 3 — The same quantity (450 lbs.) of the unbal-
anced fertilizer after suitable materials had been added
to properly balance it.

The fertilizer for plot 2 contained, as per analysis,
ammonia 2 per cent, (equivalent to one and eleven
seventeenths per cent, of nitrogen), phosphoric acid
S per cent., and potash 1 per cent.

The fertilizer for plot 3 was properly balanced for
corn by adding to eafh sack of 200 lbs. of the unbal
anced fertilizer, or, at that rate, nitrate of soda 6 lbs.
and muriate of potash 30 lbs. (120 Iba of kainit in
lieu of the muriate of potash could have been used).
Said additions changed the 2 per cent, of ammonia to
2 per cent, of nitrogen, and the 1 per cent, of potash
to 7 per cent, of potash. The new fertilizer then con-
taioed nitrogen 2 per cent., phosphoric acid 8 per
cent., and potash 7 per cent., which is a faiily well
balanced fertiliser for corn. There was still an excess
of from 1 to 2 per cent, of phosphoric acid, but it did
not hurt anything. It would, however, be better to
avoid all this trouble by compounding properly at the
start.

The three plots received the same treatment, being
fairly good.

Plot 1 made little growth, the soil being poor.

Plot 2 largely exceeded the growth of plot 1.

Plot 3 largely exceeded plot 2, producing more than
double the corn.

The fertilizer used on plot 2 was manufactured at
Wilmington, N. C, and is largely used in this State
for corn, cotton and other crops.

The six Southern States east of the Mississippi,
commencing with Alabama, use annually about one
million fi^^e hundred thousand tons of commercial ff r
tllizers, which, at $20 per ton, amounts to $30,000,000.

It is now safe to say that by reason of a large pro-
portion of said fertilizers not being properly balanced
for the crops to which they are applied the farmers
frequently sustain a loss of at least one half of the
money invested.

Cotton requires a fertilizer containing nitrogen 3
percent., phosphoric acid 8 percent., and potash 3
per cent. (4 per cent, on lighter soil). If a fertilizer
is properly compounded far corn, it is not suitable for
cotton, nor is a fertilizer that is suitable for cotton
suitable for corn. Hence, the necessity for farmers to
procure the necessary fertilizer materials and do their
own mixing. A saving of 25 and more per cent, can
frequently be effected and a better fertilizer produced
than the ready mixed goods.

There is not a known crop grown that does not re-
quire in the fertilizer more than 1 per cent, of potash,
yet manj fertilizer brands are on the market having 1
per cent, and even less.

I would, however, emphasize the fact that good re-
sults cannot be procured for a series of years, say five
to ten, by the application of commercial fertilizers
alone, no humus in the meantime being pioduced. In
this case, the soil may even become poorer, however
abundant the applications of a well balanced fertilizer
maj have been. Therefore, the rotation should be
such that an occasional legume crop, such as clover or
cow peas, will be grown and turned down at maturi-
ty. Said plants will draw the needed nitrogen from
the air, and the rotted vegetable matter will properly
increase the supply of humus.

The ranker the growth the larger will be the sup-
ply of available nitrogen and humus, hence it usually
pays well to fertilize liberally.

If the soil is deficient in the mineral elements of
fertilit7 (phosphoric acid and potash), they should be
applied direct ; they cannot be drawn from the air.
For cow peas, the following materials for an acre may
be mixed, applied in 3i feet drills and well mixed
with the soil, preferably a few weeks before seeding.
Acid phosphate, 285 lbs. and muriate of potash 75
lbs.; 300 lbs. of kainit may be used in lieu of the mu-
riate of potash.

For clover, add 10 lbs. of muriate of potash or 40
lbs. of kainit to the above.

The above dose can be advantageously doubled. I
have used for cow peas in drills 1,200 lbs. per acre of
a fertilizer, substintially the same as the above, with
the best of results. In this case the fertilizer was ap-
plied in a furrow on either side of the young plants
soon after they came up. When planted in drills and
cultivated, one peck of seed per acre will be ample
for forage or improvement purposes, thus affecting a
saving of three fourths of the seed usually required
for broadcasting.

If from 30 to 50 lbs. of nitrate of soda be added to
the fertilizer, it wi!l give the young plants a good
send off.

Moore Co., N. C. Beyan Tyson.

Whilst the mentioned proportions of the different

162

THE SOUTHBEN PLANTBB.

(lh,(li

ingredients of the fertilizer used fairly represent the
needed requirements of the crops, yet experience has
shown that more or les»s of these ingredients may be
needed to secure the best resnUs, from the fact that
lands vary so much in their different content of fer
tilising material present naturally, and also in the
availability of that present. E^pecially is this the
ca^e with the potash in this State. Even in Eastern
Virginia, the light sandy lands, usually largely dtfi
cleat in potash, have been found not to respond prof
itably to large applications of that mineral. In the
Western and Central parU of the State, potash is usu-
ally present naturally in sufficient supply for all crops
except tobacco. Nothing but actual tests with the
land can determine exactly what is the proper qaan
tity to supply. The great need of all lands In the South
is vegetable matter. If this be supplied, then the
needs in other respects can be easily ascertained.
This vegetable matter will largely make available the
natural supplies of mineral plant food in the soil, and
thus render unnecessary heavy applications of mine
ral food. — Ed.

ITALIAN RYE QRASS.

nV EXPERIENCE WITH ARTICHOKES.

Having read a good deal in The Southern Plantar and
other agricultural journals about the value and health
fulness of artichokes for hogs, I concluded to make a
trial of them, hoping to raise pork at a minimum cost.
I bought seed and planted at least an acre, got a good
stand, and cultivated well, and they made a heavy
yield. I turned the hogs into them about the 20th of
October, expecting to see them go for the tubers with
Toracious appetites, but to my surprise and disgust
they would not rooc for them nor eat them when pull
ed out of the ground I did not feed them anything
else for several days, but they all seemed to have made
up their minds to starve rather than eat artichokes.
I then fed on coj n till 1st of November.

I then put them In a floored pen, feeding them only
new corn for ten or twelve days. Thinking they would
then enjoy a change of diet, I again gave the artichokes
to them. They rooted them around and turned up their
noses and seemed to be as much disgusted as myself
80 I am done with the artichoke.

Mecklenburg Co., Va. W. EueSELL

This is the first time in our long experience that we
have ever had a c jmplaint that hogs would not eat ar
tichokes. These hogs must have been very fastidious
animals. We think we c^uld have got them to eating
them. If a few of the tubers had been sliced up and
put in a trough or on a floor an i a handful of meal
spread over them we believe the hogs would at once
have taken to them. We know many people whoited
them every year and make cheap and good pork on
them. Try them again friend, and just tempt the hogs
to taste them. They will find them good eating and
will not fail to take to them. These fastidious appe-
tites require to be brought down. — Ed.

Editor Southern Planter :

This is said to have been the firs! grass cultivat«d
sep-irately f< r agricultural purposes. It is fii-st men-
,i ned in a book published In England in 1611, and
seems to have been about the only grass cultivated for
a hundred years afterwards. To those who are not
familiar with it, the following description will be bet-
ter understood than the technical terms of the botanist:
The culms (stalks) grow from two to three fe»t high,
and are very fall of leaves. I he p^nnlcle (head) is
six inches or more In length, contains from seven to
eleven seeds, and bear.=i a striking resemblance to those
of couch, or quack grass.

A well informed writer says: "It occupies the same
place in England that timothy roes with us, and Is
there esteemed on the whole, higher than any other
species of grass " Its name, Italian rye grass, Is de
rived from the fact that iti native habitat, or home, is
on the plains of Lombardy, where broad and exten-
sive areas of pasture land are frequently inundated by
mountain streams that intersect them. In irrigated
meadows, it is undoubtedly superior to any other
grass. It thrives well in the moist climate of Great
Britain without irrigation, and no doubt would flour
ish along the rivers in the United States where the
land is subject to yearly oveifl)w.

Prof Phares, of Mis^i8i>ippi, some years since, said:
"This year Italian rye grass stands drouth well, and
erows most luxudantly in the Southern States. If nob
kept well grazed or moTs-ed, however, the leaves
cover the ground so deeply and densely tha*^^ an excess
of rain in very hot weather In the extreme South
(ianses it to rot suddenly, destrojlng even the roots."

If It will flourish well in the South, farmers could
afford to take the risk of having it rot on the ground
occasionally, as the benefit to the land by shading and
rotting like surface manuring wouM more than com
oensate for the cost of the seed and labor of seeding.
It may be, however, that Prof. Phares was too san
guine about its value in the South.

Prof T. M. Tracy, of the Mississippi Experiment
Sfation, sajs. In the Report of the Depart m- nt of
Agrlcult re for the year 1890: ' From five sowings in
the field of Italian, English and perennial varieties,
we have nothing left ex ept an occasional plant. None
of them seem able to stand our summer, and cannot
be lecomnaended for the Southern States."

As long' ago as ISGO, the Rev. 0. W. Howard, in a

letter printed In the Patent OfiBce Report, said: "The

Italian seed was sown last spring; they came np and

■grew vigorously, but almost entirely perished daring

the severe drouth of the paar summer."

At the Wjoming Expeiimeni Station, out of twenty
dififsrent kinds of gra«s seed selected for trial, Piof.
D.V ce Ml Liren gives Italian rje grass the second place
in the otder of excellence.

The Report of the Department of Agriculture for
1870, places it among the best grasses as regards re-
sistance to drouihs and power of endurance when
subject to the scorching sun and parched soil.

"The grasses," saj s the Library of Universal Knowl-
edge, "are distributed over all parts of the world.
Some are characteristic of the warmest tropical re-
gions and some of the vicinity of perpetual snow; but

15K>3 J

THE BOUTHEKW PLAJ^ITEK.

163

they abound most of all, and particularly in their
social character, clothing the ground with verdure
and forming the chief vegetation of meadows and
pastures in the northern 'emperate zone. There is no
kind of soil that is not suitable to sonic or other of the
grssses, and while some are peculiar to dry and sterile
soils, others are only found on rich soils with abund
ant moisture; some grow in marshes, stagnant waters
or slow streams; some only on the sea coast. Some
grasses are annual and some perennial. The most im
portant fodder grass in Britain is the rye grass."

The Encyclopaedia Biitannira says: "Italian rye
grass and red clover are now frequently sown in mix
ture for soiling, and succeed admirably."

A Kentucky farmer gives the following mixture of
grass seeds to be sown for pasturage: Blue grass, 8 lbs. ;
orchard grass, 4 lbs ; timothy, 4 lbs ; re clover. 6 lbs.
And to this. Dr. George Vasey says add Italian rye
grass 4 lbs , which, altogether, will make heavy seeding,
bat heavy seeding is what is needed to make a good
pasture. For pasturage, he recommends a variety of
grasses, as stock like a variety, and thrive better
on it.

There is no question about the excellence of Italian
grass in Italy and England, but the testimony con
cerning its value in this country is conflicting, and
"when doctors disagree" there is no way but for farm
ers to experiment for themselves.

J. W. IxaHAM.

Italian rye grass has been very successfully grown
on the James River low grounds and also on some
other of the river bottom lands of the State. On
these lands it makes a crop which can be cut two or
three times unless the summer is ve'-y dry. We have
grown it largely in England on similar lands, and
always with great success. Ic is one of the best grasses
for growing under irrigation, and will yield four or
five cuttings in the year. It is largely grown on the
sewage farms which have been established in England
for the disposal of sewage from the large cities where
Bewage is not allowed to be turned into the rivers nn
less first purified by some means. The filtration of
this sewaj e, by using it for irrigation purposes on
sewage farms, has been found to be one of the best and
cheapf st methods of complying with the law. — Ed.

IMPROVING MOUNTAIN LAND.

Editor Southern Planter :

I think it is almost impossible for anybody not per
fectly familiar with Mr. Reynolds' soil to give the de-
sired information. Mr. Reynolds informs us that his
soil is deep and black, and that timothy grows to per-
fection. This generally indicates that the soil is rich
In humus, and it is therefore questionable if blue
grass, which makes other demands on the soil than
timothy, will make a good sod there.

It is quite true that timothy alone, or even as the
prevailing grass in a pasture, is not as desirable for
cattle as other grasses are. Timothy is tender when

quite young, but soon gets hard and they hay is en
tirely too hud for cattle, besides that it does net pos-
sess the feeding value of some other grasses.
Whether it is advisable to plow the sod up depends
upon the denseness of the sod, its being free from ob-
noxious weeds and its lasting qualities. If the sod
is weedy, it should be plowed up, and the best plan
will probably be to fallow the soil. In a climate like
ours, fallow is generally not given a regular place in
the rotation, but if I want to clean a soil quickly and
thoroughly and be sure of the success, I prefer it to
any other method.' It should, however, be taken into,
consideration that on some soils it is a very difBcult
matter to get the' new sod as dense and last ng as the
old sod. If the soil is not weedy, some other method
of improving the sod without plowing it up may be
resorted to.

Another way>f improving the god is to top dress it
with manare or .fertilizers and sprinkle smaU quanti
ties of suitable clover and grasses over it. Horse ma-
nure deserves for cattle pastures the preference, but
as it can seldom' be obtained in sufficient quantities,
other manure or commercial fertilizers will have to be
substituted. Next to manure stands hard wood ash.
These bring out;. the leguminous crops in a remarka
bly short time. The phosphates and potash salts will
have to be applied early in fall, as it has often been
noticed that grass top dressed with th< se fertilizers is
objectionable to cattle. Without manure or fertilizer,
I think, it will hardly be possible to bring about a
change in the pasturage. The fine growth of the timo
thy, which at the present time occupies the soil, is pre-
eminently due to theicause that the soil supplies the
food which the timothy demands, in liberal quantities.
If other grasses with difi'erent demands on the plant
food of the soil shall take the place of the timothy, or
at least to a certain [extent, it will be neces8ar,\ to
change the plant food, by 'applying liberal quantities
of the food demanded^y those plants. Without this
change, I think, it will hardly be possible to obtain
the desired effect.

If it will be profitable to'make this change on a per-
manent pasture, only experience can tell. Generally
it is not. It not only requires considerable manure or
fertilizer to maintain'an artificial pasturage, but the
other land, set aside for the growing of crops, being
continuously cropped, will also require more manure.
On most soils which do not produce a natural good
sod, it is decidedly more' profitable to have crops and
pasture in rotation. One piepares the soil for the
other. If the crops are well fertilized, there is suffi-
cient available plant food left in the soil to produce a
good pasture. If the soil is seeded with a variety of
clover and grasses, these pastures will be for three or
four years all that can be desired. The grass is also

164

THE SOtTTHBBN PLANTER.

[March

■of a finer texture, sweeter and better than that of a
fertilized permanent pasture, and is also better liked
by the stock.

Bat as I have sa'd before, it is a difficult matter to
suggest anything without having s en the soil and the
sod. There are so many products which have to be
taken into consideration in the management of a farm
that they often outweigh the profit from a desired
change in one of the branches.

District of Columbia. H. Wink ELM AN.

NITRATE OF SODA AS A FERTILIZER FOR
TOBACCO PLANT BEDS.

Editor Southern Planter :

As the time is close at hand when the tobacco raiser
•will have to prepare his plant bed, with your permis
aion, I will give my experience with nitrate of soda
as a plant grower. Last spring I prepared and seeded
my beds as usual and put about 75 lbs. of regular to
bacco fertilizer to the hundred square yards, which is
considered a liberal application Both beds were on
a good southern exposure, bat the situation was rather
dry for the light rains of the latter part of April and
the first of May. and my plants came up very scatter
ing, and these few were growing vfry slowly, and
my prospect for a crop of tobacco looked very blue.
I had to do something, and that very quick, or miss a
crop. I sent to Richmonl for a sack of nitrate of soda
(200 lbs.), for which I was charged at the rate of $50
per ton cash. I top dressed my beds with this at the
rate of about 10 pounds to the hundred yards, and then
put on a light sprinkle of straw to hold the moisture.
"We had a light rain that night, which dissolved the
nitrate, and in a week the plants that came up first
and were the size of a quarter when I dressed them
•with the nitrate, were six inches high, and the darkest
green I ever saw. In the meantime the others had
come up, and were large enough to plant in half the
time it usually takes a plant to grow in, and all
of them were of that healthy, robust character that
take root and grow off -o nicely, as the tobacco raiser
likes to see.

Well, I would not have known whether it was the
nitrate of soda, the straw or the rain, had I not left out
a strip through the middle of each bed with no nitrate
of soda on it, but this told the tale. The plants on
this strip were not large enough to plant by the first
of July, and they were then little yellow, tough things
compared to the others growing within a foot of them.
In the meantime I had finished planting my crop of
60,000 hills by June 15th, and a week later I think I
could have planted as many more out of the same
beds, whilst another bed close by, that had a good ap
plication of guano and hogpen manure, had dried up

after the first drawing. I think that the plants where
the nitrate of soda was applied, after leaving the
ground, without exaggeration, grew at least an inch a
day, and this vigorous growth continued in the beds
until August, dry or wet.

I thiak the best time to apply nitrate of soda to
plants is about the time they come up, as it acta at
once ; it is not needed earlier than this. A heavy
dew is sufficient to dissolve it. Care should be ob-
served in top dressing with it not to put it on when
there is any water on the plants, as it will certainly
harm them. I never expect to try to raise plants in
the future without it, as it acts more like magic than
anything in the way of fertilizer that I have ever
tried. I think plants can be produced at least two
weeks earlier by the use of it.

Cumberland Co., Va. H. P. Baker.

HUMUS.

Editor Southern Planter :

How shall we teach our farmers the necessity for a
constant accumulation of humus in the soil f One of
the greatest evils we labor under is the constant wast
ing of humus out of our lands. They are farmed year
in and out without any regard to gaining humus. We
will have to change our plans entirely or our lands
will get 80 poor they will not pay for the plowing.
Lard is put in c.rn year after year, or corn and then
oats, and nothing added to help it. E^ery farm should
have so many acres (say ten or twenty) every year
sewed in rye early in fall to fallow in the spring for
corn and a like area to be sowed in peas in spring to
fallow in fall for wheat, oats or grass. If this plan
was followed every year, and some good fertilizer used
with every crop, our lands would soon begin to pay a
profit for working. Fertilizers on lands devoid of
humus are almost useless. Land with plenty of humna
in it will stand dry spells so much better, be easier
improved and work much easier All persons renting
out lands should stipulate in their contracts that all
grain crops grown should be preceded or followed by
a humus makine; crop. Then, if every few years a
good dressing of lime could be added on top of a good
fallow of vegetable matter, our farms would soon take
on new life and the country would look far better than
it does now. Some may say peas are too high to sow
and fallow. Try corn ; I am told by some that it does
nearly or quite as well as peas. Many of you have
noticed wherever a shock of corn stood late in the
field that the next crop grown on the land will show
where those shocks stood. Even where your plows
come out on the end to turn around the land shows a
better growth of vegetable matter.

Henrico Co., Va. Country.

It is not the corn that improves the land, but the
shading of the soil by the shock which promotes nitri-
fication in the soil. Corn will not improve the land
like a leguminous crop does. It takes nitrogen from
the soil instead of adding it. — Ed.

1903.]

THE 80UTHEEN PT.A NTEB.

165^

ENQUIRER'S COLUMN.

Enquiries should be sent to the office of The Southern Planter
Kichmond, Va., not later than the 15th of the month, for re-
plies to appear in the next month's issue of the Planter.

Fertilizer for Peanuts and Corn.

1. From what scarce is it best to obtain nitrogen for
Spanish peanuts and for corn ?

2. From what source is it best to obtain phosphoric
acid for each of the above crops ?

3. From what source is it best to obtain potash for
each of the above crops t

4. Do you think a field on which Spanish peanuts
were grown last year, on which barn yard manure and
guano was used, would be benefited and the yield of
corn increased this year by application of lime? If so,
what quantity to the acre should be used !

Please furnish me formulas for the above crops, and
what quantity of mixture to the acre should be used.
Sussex Co., Va. Geo. D. Geizzaed.

1. Cotton seed meal or dried blood are good sources
from which to obtain nitrogen for the peanut. It, how
ever, does not call for the application of much nitrogen,
as being a legume it can obtain its supply from the at
mosphere after it once gets a start, It is, of course,
necessary for it to do this that the land should have
in it the microbe peculiar to the peanut plant. This,
however, is always found more or less abundantly
wherever peanuts have been grown in the past few
years. We deal with the fertilizer for a co:n crop in
our reply to No. 4.

2. The phosphoric acid is cheapest and best supplied
from acid phosphate.

3. Potash can be had from either kainit or muriate
of potash, but we should prefer the muriate, as we do
not think the salt in kainit is of any value to the plant.

4. We think it very doubtful if lime applied now
would be of any service to the corn crop of thi« year.
If applied in December or January it might have
helped it. The action of lime is largely mechanical
and takes time to become effective. Directly, it is of
little value as plant food, but indiractly it helps much
in correcting acidity in the soil and in liberating pot-
ash and phosphoric acid. For these effects it must
have time, as it acts slowly. We have no confidence
in advising the use of any commercial fertilizer on the
corn crop. A critical examination of many experi
ments conducted in many corn States justifies us in say
ing that rarely has the application of commercial fer
tilizer been profitable on the corn crop. It often re-
sults in increasing the yield, but rarely sufficiently so
to pay for the fertilizer. If used we would apply only
add phosphate — say 300 lbs. to the acre. The land
you refer to will, no doubt, have sufficient nitrogen
stored in it by the peanut crop to mtet the needs of a
corn crop. Potash has rarely been found necessary in

this S'ate for corn, or, indeed, for any crop except to-
bacco and Irish potatoes. For the peanuts mix :

80 lbs. acid phosphate,
300 lbs. cotton seed meal,
50 lbs. muriate of potash,

and apply this quantity per acre. You, of course,
know that the peanut requires lime for ita successful
growth and the pei fection of the nuts. About 25 bush-
els of lime per acre should be applied every three
years. — Ed.

Improving Land with Peas and Crimson Clover.

I am a subscriber to your valuable journal, and have
read with great interest therein, as well as in other
agricultural journals, what has been said and encour-
aged along the line of "green manuring" aLd the cul-
tivation of nitrogen producing plants, with a view to
rai-iing, with the least possible cost, impoveiished soils
to the highest state of cultivation.

I have a plot of from six to eight acres of land —
light grey soil, fairly red subsoil, land level, no gauls,
but thin — veiy responsive to fertilization. I desire to
prepare this piece of land for corn for the year 1904,
and it has occurred to me that the proper course to
pursue will be to sow it to peas this coming spring and
either mow the vines or turn them under and follow
with Crimson clover, to be turned under during the
spring of 1904, and then plant to corn.

1. Will this be practical ? If so,

2. Will it be proper to mow the peas and feed te
stock, or plow them under t

3. Should the peis be sown broadcast, or should
they be drilled?

4. Should it be proper to drill peas, should the fer-
tilizer be drilled or should it be broadcasted t

5. If broadcasted, what number of pounds of fertile
izer should I sow to the acre, and kind t

6. If broadcasted, what number of bushels of peas
should be sown t

7. Should it be proper to follow the peas with clover,
how should the seed be applied, and what number of
pounds to the acre T

8. What kind, and what number pounds of fertil-
izer should there be used in connection with the sow-
ing of clover t

Nottoway Co., Va. W. M. White.

1. Yes ; entirely so, and most proper.

2. As to whether the peas should be cut and fed to
stock depends on the condition of the land. If
almost completely devoid of humus or vegetable mat-
ter, we would say let the vines bee jme nearly ripe and
then plow the whole crop down ; but if the land Is not
so poor as to call for all this vegetable matter, then cut
the crop, leaving a tall stubble, and plow this down.

3. On such a piece of land as you describe we would
sow broadcast. If the land was in better condition
we would drill them.

4. Sow the fertilizer broadcast.

5. Apply 300 or 400 lbs. of acid phosphate and 50
lbs. of muriate of potash per acre.

6. A bushel or a bushel and a half of peas will be

166

THE SOUTHERN PLAHTEK

[March

sufiScieDt broadcast. If drilled, two pecks or less will
euflSce.

7. Yes ; follow the peas with Crimson cloTer. After
plowing the peas or stubble down harrow the land,
then BOW 12 lbs. of the clover seed per acre and cover
with a BtLOOthing harrow or a bosh harrow.

S. We would give the clover 250 lbs. per acre of acid
phosphate, sown broadcast, after the land waa plowed
aid before harrowing. — Ed

Hogs Pasturing In Corn Field.

Can you, or any subscriber, give espprieoce with
regard to turning hoijs on corn, as described on page
89 of Planter for February. I intend growing some
acrfs of Eoja beans fo this purpose. Would half corn
and half beans make a bftter pasture? I fancy hog3
would eat corn first and likely waste considerable.

Amherst Co , Va. Thomas Howell.

We have had no personal experience in hogging
down a crop of corn in the way suggested. Shall be
glad to hear from those who have. We have a sub
scriber who grows corn and Soy beans together, and
turns his hogs into the field after the beans have pod
ded and begin to ripen. Before doing so, he feeds the
hogs Soy beans pulled from the field for a week or ten
days. After they hav acquired a liking for them, he
says they may be safely turned into the field and will
not trouble the corn until the beans are eaten. Corn
and beans grown together make an excellent hog pas
tnre. The two crops make a balanced ration. The
one is rich in protein, the other in carbohydrates. — Ed.

Renewing Pasture.

We have a blue grass meadow, which we have re
cently obtained, and which has been pastured exces
sively. The blue grass is very thin over a good por
tion of it. and weeds have sprung up in such places.
Would it be better to plow it and sow to cow peas, cut
them for hay, then turt under the stubble, and seed
with a mixture of grass seed suitable for a permanent
pasture 1 If so. what seeds had best be sown or would
It be better to disk it out and sow to grass this springt

Loudoun Co.yVa. W. M. M.

We would advise that the field be plowed up and
deeply and thoroughly worked, and then be planted
in cow peas. We would help these peas to make a
heavy crop in order to smother all weeds by giving
them 200 . r 300 lbs. of acid phosphate per acre. We
would cut the crop for hay and then plow down the
stubble, say in September. Work the soil very fine,
and fertilize with bone meal, potash and nitrogen and
seed. In our article, "Work for the Month," in this
and the last issue, will be found full information as to
the varieties of grass to sow. A meadow which has
been run so long as this one, and which is badly in
fested with weeds, can never be made a satisfactory
sod except by starting completely afresh. — Ed.

Stump Pullers— Sweet Potato Slips — Tomato Fer-
tilizer.

1. I see advertised in the Planter four different kinds
of stump pullers. I would like to know if they do
the work all right, and the one which is the best. I
have about 15 acres to c'.ear of pine, about 12 or 15
inches across the stump. Would they be the right
thing ?o use in clearing itt

2. I would like to know if there is a machine to
transplant sweet potato sprouts — run the row, distrib-
ute the fertilizer, list the land and set the plant all at
one time; if there is, where can it be bought) and what
is the price t

3. I would like to know how to mix the chemicals
to make the proper fertilizer for taniatoes. I have
not been growing tomatoes, and don't know what to
use.

Accortiac Co.,Va. T. D. Maetin.

1. We have excellent testimonials as to the effec-
tiveness of the different stump pullers advertised in
our columns, and we know many who are using them.
One man prefers one make, and another the others.
Send for information to the advertisers.

2. The MeSherry Manufacturing Company, of Mid-
dleton, Ohio, advertised a machine for this purpose
in our columns last year and will do so, we believe,
again this year, probably next month.

3. The following ingredients will make a good to-
mato fertilizer :

200 lbs. nitrate of soda.

700 Ibj. cotton seed meal.

840 lbs. acid phosphate (13 per cent.).

260 lbs. muriate of potash.

2000 lbs.

Apply from 300 to 500 lbs. to the acre.

-Ed.

Peas for Hogs.

Will T on kindly tell me what is the best pea to sow
to raise peas to turn hogs on in the fall to fatten themf
How many hogs could I run to the acret Will it in-
jure or improve a piece of land to put it iu peas year
after year, and eat them off with hogsT Would I raise
a pretty fair crop of peas without fertilizer on clay
land that will produce about two or three barrels of
corn to the acret

Albemarle Co., Va. J. L. Deyden.

Either Black Clay or Whippoorwill peas make the
best hog pasture for your section. You would not
find that the peas would continue to produce a good
crop grown year after year unless helped every year
with acid phosphate and potash. Peas get their ni-
trogen from the atmosphere, but are large consumers
of phosphoric acid and potash, which, if not present
in available form In the land in abundance, must be
snpplitd or the land will soon be impoverished.

You will not be likely to make much of a crop of
peas on such land as you describe without the appli-
cation of 200 or 800 lbs. of acid phosphate.— Ed.

1903.J

THE 80UTHEKN i'JLAIvTBB.

167

Cow-Peas and Corn as a Fodder Crop — Crimson
Clover — Sulphur for Stock.

Last Jane I sowed five acres of cow peas and corn
with drill for hay. When the fodder was ma
tnred I cut the crop wi h a wheat harvester, making
small, loose bundles. I shocked it in the same way as
wheat, patting four to six bundles to the shock. It
cured out nicely and was ready to put in bulk in timt-
for seeding the land to wheat. Ic made an excellent
balanced ration, and was easily and cheaply handled.
The forn stalks did not attain sufficient size to make
shredding necessary for feeding in the barn.

Should any of your readers try this they might find
it necessary in case of warm, wet weather during cur
ing to cut the bands on the bundles to prevent mould
Ing inside. In this event I would suggest rebinding
in larger bundles for convenience in handling. 1
had no trouble about this

1. So well pleased was I with the experiment that I
shall increase my acieage next season if you will help
me over an obstacle. The fodder on very fertile soil
will grow too high to cut with harvester unle-s sown
very thick, in which case it will crowd out the peas.
Do you know of any plant of good feeding value that
will overcome this difiiculty !

2. What do you know of the feeding value of Grim
son clover hay ! Is there any danger in feeding it to
stock 1 Will the crop produce second growth like
red clover when first growth is cut 1

3. Is there any danger in feeding flowers of sulphur
to stoc? carrying their young ?

Oulppper Co., Va. A G. Pake.

1. Many of our snbacribers use sorghum with the
peas instead of corn, and find that it makes a finer
and shorter stalk and nicer feed. Possibly one of the
millets, either German or Cat Tail (Pencillaria) would
make even still finer and shorter stalks, and they both
make good feed, and would, we think, mature along
with the peas. We would like a report on this if
tried.

2. Crimson clover makes excellent green feed cut
when in bloom. It also makes a nice hay if cut when
in bloom or just when coming into bloom. If not cut
until the seed forms ic is dangerous to feed to horses,
as the hulls of the seed mat in- o balls in the stomach
anb cause stoppage of the bowels. We have had balls
as large as an orange taken from the bowels of horses
which they killed. We have, however, never heard
of the hay injaring cattle in this way. It will not
make a second growth.

3. We have never heard of any Injury from sul
phur. It should not be fed in cold weather when ani-
mals are exposed to the weather, as its action is large
ly on the skin and makes the animals sensitive to
changes of temperature. — Ed.

Cow-Peas and Corn.

Can you, or any of your correspondents, give me
any information as to the efficicy of Kafl&r corn or
sorghum in serving to hold up cow pea vines when
mixed with the peas when sowing with drill t If so.

Then which is best, Kaffir corn or sorghum, and the
proper quantity of either to sow with the peas ner
acre in order that the growth of the corn or sorghum
may not grow so high as to prevent their harvesting
vith binder, ^

ran,e Co., N. C. j. p. Tayloe.

In our October, 1902, issue we replied to a very
similar enquiry to this one supplementing what we
said in our July issue on the same subject. We have
many subscribers who have for years adopted the prac-
tise of growing peas and corn and peas and sorghum
or Kaffir corn together, and are well pleased with the
results, especially when used for fi,ling the silo. Per-
.sonally, we prefer to mix cow peas and sorghum, as
making a better and richer feed than peas and corn,
though probably the corn would make the heavier
crop, and if intended to be made into ensilage would
be quite as cleanly eaten up, Kaffir corn would do
equally as well as so ghnm or corn as a supporting
crop for the peas, but does not make as rich feed. The
edvantage it possesses over sorghum and corn is that
it withstands drouth better. Experiments made at
the Delaware Station seemed to demonstrate that the
mixicg of the peas with corn did not result in increas-
ing the yield so much, but that it resulted in making
a better balanced ration for stock without materially
increasing the cost, the only increase in cost being
the cost of the pea seed, say 50 cents to $1 per acre.
We refer the enquirer to our July and October 1902
issues for fuller information. — Ed.

State Orange— Marl— Hulching Potatoes.

L3t me express to yon briefly my hearty apprecia-
tion of the Southern Planter. It is exceedingly helpful
to me. Also permit me to propound these queries :

1. Is there a State Grange in Virginia!

2. How is marl best used, and for what crops?

3. Is it well ordinarily to mulch Irish potatoes, and
if so, how would saw dust do for a mulch r I have
near my place— within a mile— quantities of saw dust
which can be had for the hauling. '

James City Co., Va. Chas. H. Geosvenoe.

1. There was a State Grange in Virginia, but we
believe it is now moribund. We have heard nothing
of it for several years. The Grange never made head-
way in the South.

2. Marl may be applied in heavy dressing to light
or loam land with great advantage. The percentage
of lime and phosphoric acid is, however, so low in
comparison to the weight.of the whole that it will not
pay to haul It far.

3. The mulching of Irish potatoes is not usually of
material advantage, as the vines themselves serve aa
a good mulch. Saw dost is of no value except as a
means for lightening heavy land, and it is even for
that purpose of doubtlul utility. — Ed.

188

IHK OUDTHJfiiUI PLANT&U.

I March

Renewing a Pasture— Preparing Land for Peas

Kindly give me the following information :

How can permanent pastures be renewed without
plowing, etc.t What would be the result of ruaning
over a pasture, early in the sprlug, with a disc har
row, sowing grass seed, and harrowing or rolling it
int I have top dressed a pasture that needs renova
tion with manuie, but the grass has run oat, and I
wish to know the most practical way of getting seeds
into the ground without plowing the land.

Can light land be successfully prepared for cowpeas
by using a disc harrow instead of plowing!

Fauquier Co ,Va. H C. G.

In this issue will be found a reply to a similar ques
tion from a subscriber in Loudoun county, Va. Where
a pasture or a meadow is only failing in places, it may
ofcen be successfully improved by harrowing in the
spring and sowing grass seeds and top dressing with
manure. But where the grass has run out and weeds
have taken possession, nothing but plowing up and
finely preparing and reseedlng will secure a good
result.

Yesjlwe have known many good crops of peas made
without plowing by the use of the disc— Ed.

Crimson Clover — Rape.

Will Crimson clover make a good hog pasture f
AUo, will rape make a good hog pasture for the sum-
mer! Will rape do well on low land!

Dinmddie Go. , Va. SuBecEiBER.

Crimson clover will make a good pasture up to the
end of May, when it begins to ripen and gets hard
and dry. Rape makes a splendid hog pasture in the
fall and in spring, but cannot stand the hot weather
of summer. If sown now, it will make a pasture up
to June, and should then be plowed up and sown with
cow peas, or cow peas and sorghum, to make hay or
pasture. Sow rape again in August or September for
fall and winter grazing. Cow peas or Soy beans make
the best summer pasture for hogs. —Ed.

Diseased Hogs.

Win yon be kind enough to tell me through the
Planter what is the matter with my hogs and give me
a remedy. They will eat ouly enough to keep them
alive, sometimes only a mouthful, and sometimes an
ear of corn. They eat very heartily of dirt. I keep
them in a close pen until they get restless, then turn
them in a large lot without any change for the better.
They have a cough. I have 20 head, and this is their
condition. I feed on hard corn, soaked corn, ground
peas and collards.

Pamlico Co., N. G. E. A. Hough.

Your hogs are no doubt badly infested with worms.
Stop off the corn feed, and let them fast a day, then give
them some slop made of mill feed and bran half and
half. In this give one tablespoonful of turpentine for
each hog. After this, give in the next feed a half a
pint of raw linseed oil for each hog. After this has
purged them, then give mill feed, bran and corn meal
In a slop. If they still do not appear to be Improving,
repeat the turpentine in a week or ten days. Give a
handful of bone meal for each hog once a week. Feed
all the green food possible, and let them have a range.
—Ed.

Plants Destroyed by Moles or /lice.

We have hundreds of j uccas in this place that are
being destroyed by moles (!) or fi-ld mice (!) — eaten
at the roots. With dogs and chickens around, I am
nnwilling to use poison. Can you suggest any remedy
in your valuable paper!

Charlottesville, Va. E. W. H.

Traps might lessen the trouble, bat poison would
be much more effective. — Ed.

Qinseng.

Will you please tell me of the standing of the Com-
mercial Qinseng Co., Crozet, Va.! How do you grow^
ginseng! R. H. Noreis.

Lancaster Co., Va.

We believe the Commercial Ginseng Co., Crozet, Va.,
to be perfectly reliable. We know nothing of ginseng
growing except from what we have read about it. We
are not at all favorably impressed with the crop. We
doubt much whether it will be found generally a profit-
able one. In any event, it takes five years to realize
the profit, if there be one. The Pennsj Ivania Exper-
iment Station has just issued a bulletin on the subject,
giving results of experiments made there. Write Di-
rector of Experiment Station, State College, Penn.^
for copy of this. — Ed.

Silo — Storing Cut Fodder.

I wish to feed ensilage the coming winter. Can I
make one silo do, or shall I have to have more than
one!

I wish the most convenient plan for storing cut fod
der. SUBSCHIBEB.

Louisa Co., V*.

One silo will be all yon will need for ten cows. Later
in the year we shall write fully on the question, giving
full information as to construction and capacity of silos.
If you will refer to our issue for July, 1902, you will
find an article on the subject which will probably give
you all the information you need.

Cut fodder should be stored In a bay of the bam or
under a shed boarded up in front. — Ed.

Kaffir Corn.

Will you please say what you think of Kaffir com
as a forage crop and for seed !

Dimciddie Go. . Va. R. Dewsburt.

We have frequently advised the growing of Kaffir
corn in the South. Whilst not quite so good feed as
sorghum, It will do better than either corn or sorghum
in a drouth. — Ed.

1903.]

THE SOUTHERN FLANTIIB.

109

Stump Killer— Disease in Hog — Breeds of Hogs.

1. Please tell me some simple and cheap way to kill
stumps that will not die, such as gum and poplar.

2. I had a litter of pigs farrowed April 26th last
year, and when they were about six weeks old one of
them became affected very peculiarly. He could not
walk or run in a straight line, but would go around
in a circle, and had fiequent spells when it could not
walk at all, especially when it became excited. It made
a very peculiar load and coarse noise in squealing or
gruQting, which it did almost continually. Its head
was twisted a little to the right, and In running around
a circle it would always go to the left. After about a
month it began to get becter and became very thrifty,
but its head did not get straight, and it continued to
make the same peculiar noise until I killed it a month
ago. I thought it must have got ten a lick on its head
which affected its brain, but when I killed it I exam
ined it carefully and could find nothing wrong with
the brain.

Upon examination of the lungs I found the bron
cbial tubes full of little worms not larger than spool
cotton and about an inch long. Will you or some
of your readers tell me whether these worms caused
the trouble, and if not, what did cause it, and give
me a remedy.

3. If it wDl not take too much of your space will
you please give briefly the merits and demerits of
Berkshire and Poland China and O. I. G. hogs?

Campbell Co., Va. L. C. A.

1. This query seems on first reading it to be an ex-
cellent example of an Irish bull, but we realize what
our friend means. He has stumps which will persist
in sending up sprouts. We know no means of killing
th« se stumps except either pulling them out or blow
ing them to pieces with dynamite. There have been
a number of methods recommended for killing such
stumps, such as boring holes in them and filling with
kerosene or saltpeter at d other things, but we have
no faith in them. A &Iend of ours who has cleared a
large piece of land of such stumps says dynamite is
the best and cheapest thing to use.

2. The worms, we believe, caused the trouble. Tou
should give the hogs a dose of turpentine now and
again to kill these parasites.

3. All these breeds are good. One man has a fancy
for one and another a fancy for the other. We think
In a corn country like the West the Poland China Is
the hog to keep. He never tires of this diet, and con
sumes an enormous quantity. Where corn is cheap
and far from market this is the animal wanted. The
Berkshire is more a grazing hog and better adapted
for the South, where corn Is high in price and other
feeds, like peas, are plentiful, or should be. The O. I. C.
is a good hog, but of too large a type for Southern mar
kets. Its color iklso (white) is against him for the
South. A black hog is the best for a hot climate.
White hogs must have plenty c f shade or the skin will
burn and blister In the hot sun. — Ed.

Tobacco-Q row i n g,

I never see any method of plowing and preparing
the land for tobacco in your columns to destroy the
great "pest." we have— viz., the "cut" worm and
" wire" worm. We so often fail in making a good
crop on account of not gett ng a stand on stubble
land. Some say plow early in the fall, re-plow in the
winter, while others gay wait uniil just before plant-
ing time, and plow while everything is green. I
would ask for advice as to the best and cheapest
way to raise the greatest number of pounds per acre,
regardless of color. I grow 10 acres of tobacco, and
the average weight is 6,000 to 7,500 lbs. I want 10,000
on a ten acre lot.

I'ittsylvania Co..Va. J. w. Giles.

We usually give each yeer In the spring our
views on the best way to make a tobacco crop, and we
will do so in next month's issue. Winter plowing and
replowing is of great service in getting rid of cut and
wire worms, as it brings them to the surface, where the
cold kills them and birds eat them. Where a piece
of land is infested with these pests it should never be
planted in a crop until an effort has been made to de-
stroy them. The land should be plowed and harrowed
and all green pknts buried. Then buches of green
clover or cabbage leaves dipped in a solution of Paris
green should be dropped at short intervals over the
field. The worms will come out and eat these and be
poisoned ; or balls made up of bran and mill feed,
mixed with Paris Green, should be dropped over the
field. Thfse will poison the worms, as they are fond
of the feed. With persistence in this woik, before
planting the crop a stand can be secured.

We will try to help you to make 10,000 pounds to
the 10 acres, but cannot say that you can certainly do
so. The first requisite is better preparation of the
land before planting. Begin at once this work. See
our last issue for remarks on preparation, and also
this one. The next requisite Is more abundant fer-
tilization. In Pennsylvania and New England to-
bacco growers often apply 1,000 pounds of high grade
fertilizer to the acre — Ed.

China Tree — Corn Breeding.

Please tell me whether or not the "China tree" will
last if used for fence posts.

I have two varieties of twin corn — one very tall and
large, the other very low and small ; and I wish to
breed a corn that will twin and be of good size, and
yet not so tall. Please state how it should be done.

Mecklenburg Co., Va. C. L. Eussell,

We do not know the "China tree" by that name,
and therefore cannot advise you. Can you give ua
the botanical name 1 If so, we can help you.

If the two varieties of corn you have are planted
near to each other they will cross polinate, and then
by selection of seed from stalks of the type you want
you may In a few years establish a corn meeting your
requirements and of fixed type. — Ed.

170

THE SOUTHERN PLAJNTEB.

[March

Butter Will Not Come— Grass for Pasture-
Sorghum.

I have a cow from wh >se milk we have not been
able to get any batter for some tia:e. The miik seemi
to be all light ; it eonre all right, bat as so n as yon
begin to chnrD it begins to foam ; the more you churn
it the worse It gets. The application of warm or cold
water has no effect whatever. Is it bef^uee of a cer
tain stage of pregnancy of the cow t Pleast give the
cause and a remedy.

What is the best grass to sow for a permanent
pastnre, and what the beet tin e to sow, and how to
sow itt

Do J on consider sorghum a profitable crop for the
average farmer to raise 1

Scoitsville, Va. 8. E. Beale.

Why butter cannot be got from the milk is not al
wajs easy to account for. Sometimes it arises from
the temperature at which it is churned. It may be
too hot or it may be too cold, but in your case this
does not seem to be the cause, as jou say neither
warming nor cooling affects it. Sometimes it arises
from the manner of feeding the cow, but more fre
quently it arises from a condition of health, brought
about by pregnancy or from the cow having been
very long calven. We would try varying the tem
perature at which the milk is churned. If the cow is
advanced in pregnancy let her go dry, and when she
calves again her milk will probably be all right again.
We know of no positive remedy for the trouble.

See our last issue as to grasses for a permanent pas-
ture.

We think highly of sorghum as a forage crop, and
every farmer should grow it. — Ed.

Watermelons.

I would like instructions as to the best mode of
growing watermelons. The land I propose putting in
melons was in peas last year, and the vines were left
on the land. How should I proceed t The land lle«
gently to the south.

Botetourt Co., Va. J. W. Smilet.

We wiU give full instructions on this subject in a
later issue. Meanwhile plow the pea-vines down and
g«t the land into good condition for planting. — Ed.

Wood Ashes for Irish Potatoes,

In your next issue, will you tell how to use wood
ashes on Irish potatoes.

Alexandria Co., Va. C. R. HoFF.

Either sow broadcast on the land if you have suffi-
cient to cover the field, or, if in lees quantity, sow in
the rows and mix with the soil by running a cultiva
tor through before planting the sets. They only pro-
vide potash for the crop. Phosphoric acid and nitro-
gen should be supplied also. See our article on Work
for the Month in Garden Department for a complete
I>otato fertilizer. — Ed.

Alfalfa.

I have three acres of good rerf land on which I wish
to sow alfalfa this spring. P.ease inform me what
time to BOW it; anddoesit suit this climate bfst to sow
it in the spring or f Jl t

H. R. May.

Sow the alfalfa in the fall— say Augnst or Septem-
ber. Spend this spring anri summer in preparing the
land for the crop. It requires the land to be deeply
broken, finely cultivated and made rich. When the
land is in fine condition — eay in Jane — apply 300 or
400 lbs of acid phosphate and 50 lbs. of muriate of
potash to the acre. Then seed witli cow peas a bushel
or a bushel and a half to the acre. This should make
a heavy crop and smother all weeds. Cut for hay in
August, and then prepare the surface soil finely with
a disc harrow, and work in 500 lbs. of bone meal to
the acre. Sow I'l to 20 lbs. of alfalfa seed to the acre
and cover with smoothing harrow, and roll. — Ed.

Crimson Clover in Cow- Peas and Kaffir Corn.

Will you be so kind as to tell me in the Planter how
it would do to seed Crimson clover with aw peas and
kaffir corn, as I expect to mow the peas or feed and
not turn under T X. Y. Z.

Lynchburg, Va.

We have known Crimson clover to be successfully
sown in cowpeas and corn. Much, depends, how-
ever, on the thickness of the cow-pea crop. If very
h«avy, the Crimson clover is apt to be smothered out
Sow the clover about July or August. —Ed.

Beans for Name.

Enclosed find beans. Please give me name of them,
and what they are good for. H. T. Nuckols.

Buckingham Co.,Va.

We cannot identify the beans. They look like a
large variety of Pole or L.ma beans, but may be the
seed of some other legume, or possib-y of soma
wild plant. If we had seen them in England, we
should bave said that they were White Broad beans,
but this bean does not grow here. — Ed.

Cow-Pea and Sorghum Ensilag^e.

Will you kindly advise me in the next issue of your
journal whether or not cow peas and sorghum, growTi
together and put in silo together, will make an ensi-
bge that will keep as well as corn ensilage?

Princess Anne Co., Va. BuBTB C. Hanibs.

Yes.— Ed.

Lump Jaw.
I have a nice Jersey heifer about three years old
which has Inii p jaw. Will you please tell me what is
the beet treatment T Subsceiber.

In this issue you will find a remedy for this disease
advertised by a well known reliable firm. The address
of the maker is Fleming Bros., 22 Union Stock Yards,
Chicago.— Ed.

i»o3.]

THE 80UTHBEN PLAliTrBE.

171

Trucking, Garden and Orchard.

WORK FOR THE MONTH.

The month of February has been 80 unfavorable for
•work in the £;arden and truck field that little of the
work snggested for that month can possibly have been
done. This means that two months' work will have to
be crowded into one, and the planting of many crops
will have to be delayed. As soon a^ the land is dry
«nough to haul on, get out manure and have it spread
and plowed in and set the harrow to work fitting the
land for the crops. Both manure and commercial fer
tUizer are better applied some time before the plant
ing of the crops. They become better fitted to supply
the needs of the crops, and by frequent working of
the soil become better assimilated with it and their
plant food more available. In supplying manure and
fertilizers, do not economize on the quantity or qual
Ity. To succeed in growing fine vegetables, there
must be a very abundant supply of available food, so
ae to force the growth. Unless vegetables are grown
quickly they are not tender and succulent, and hence
will not command the best price or be acceptable on
the table.

Baglish peas do not require the soil to be overrich,
or they will run too much to vine. A piece of land
manuied for potatoes last year makes an excellent
place for peas. If the land is not rich enough, use
acid phosphate at the rate of 300 lbs. and 50 lbs. of
muriate of potash to the acre, and after the peas have
commenced to grow freely, give a light top dressing of
nitrate of soda, say 50 lbs. to the acre, when the plants
are dry. Sow in broad rows three feet apart.

Kale, spinach and salad crops, like lettuce and rad-
ishes, may be sown in the latter part of the month.

Irish potatoes and English peas should be planted
as soon as the land can be got into good order.

Irish potatoes require plenty of available plant
food, and this is best supplied by commercial ferti
liters, as farm yard manure is very apt to induce scab.
In planting the crop, be careful not to plant on land
where scabby potatoes were grown last year, as the
spores of the disease will have infected the land and
the crop will be sure to become infested with the dis
ease. Also be careful to see that seed is free from
scab, or the same trouble will arise. If there is any
indication of scab on the sets, they should be soaked
in corrosive sublimate solution (2 ounces of sublimate
to 16 ounces of water) for an hour before being
planted. A good fertilizer for Irish potatofs can be
made up of 300 1 bs. of nitrate of soda, 600 lbs. cotton
seed meal or fish scrap, 800 lbs. of acid phosphate,
and 300 lbs. of muriate of potash ; or one of the special
potato fertilizers put up by manufacturers can be used.
Apply at the rate of 500 to 1,500 lbs. to the acre. II
not more than 500 lbs. is used, this may be put in the
row and be well mixed with the soil before planting
the sets. If more than 500 lbs. is used, apply broad
cast aadiharrow in. Cat the sets so as to have two
eyes at least on each piece, and i,lant as soon as cut.
Plant 15 inches apart in the row and the rows two feet
six inches apart. Cover with six inches of soil to be
raked down to four inches before the plants come
through.

Fall planted cabbage should be encouraged to grow
by cultivating the land as soon as dry enough, and
after they have started a top dressing of nitrate of
soda will greatly help them. A test of the use of
nitrate of soda on cabbage made in North Carolina
gave the following results : "When no nitrate of soda
was used there was a yield of but 910 prime heads of
cabbage per acre, showing that the ground itself was
'poor.' When 300 lbs. of the nitrate was applied per
acre on the same sort of land in two equal dressings,
the number of prime heads obtained was 3,260. When
the same amount was applied in three equal dressings,
the yield of prime heads per acre was 6,390. On the
plat which had received 400 lbs. of nitrate of soda per
acre in two equal dressings, the yield was 4,160 prime
heads per acre, and when the same amount was ap-
plied in three equal dressings, 7,580 prime heads were
obtained per acre." Harden off cabbage plants raif ed
in frames during the winter and set out as soon as the
weather is mild and the ground fit.

In this issue will be found instructions for making
a hot bed and raising plants therein. This should
have attention at once.

Strawberries should be cultivated as soon as the
ground is dry enough to encourage growth, and if not
looking vigorous and healthy in a week after cultiva-
ting, give a top dressing made up of 100 lbs. of nitrate
of soda, 50 lbs. of muriate of potash, and 260 lbs. of
acid phosphate per acre, and work in with the culti-
vator. Apply the dressing when the plants are dry.

The pruning of all fruit trees and vines should be
completed as soon as possible before the sap begins to
be active.

When correaponding with advertiBen, kindly k«b-
tioB the 8iftk4m FkuU*r.

172

THE BOUTHERN PLANTBB.

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THE 80UTHEEN PLANTEB.

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174

THE 80UTHEBN PLAirTEE.

[March

NOTES ON VARIETIES OF APPLES AT THE
AGRICULTURAL EXPERIHENT STATION,
BLACKSBURQ, VA.

[Excerpt from Bdllbtin 130.]
[Continued from February number, 1903.]
Editor Southern Planter :

Albemarle Pippin — While this name is not recog
nized in the standard lists, as a variety, it seems to us
quite clear that the type of tree, and in certain char-
acteristics the fruit, have departed suflBciently from
the old Newtown Pippin as grown in the North, to at
least warrant position as a subvariety. The trees, cer
tainly, show considerable differentiation, and there is
some slight diflference in regard to fruiting habit and
in size and shape of the fruits, as grown upon the Ex
periment Station grounds here.

It is a vigorous grower, forming a strong, upright,
moderately spreading head, thus far, making long
wood growth, very much branched. Trunk 26 inches
in circumference at base, and also averaging same at
head. Thus far, this variety has not blighted here to
notice, and maintains a very healthy appearance.

The trees bloomed in 1895, six years after planting,
and have set a few fruits annually, since 1895, bur
there has not been enough at any time to mention as
a crop. The general character of the fruit is so well
known that it does not need particular description,
but it is interesting to note that on this soil, which is
distinctly not suited to Pippins, the variety becomes
rather more elongate than ordinarily, and shows the
ridges around the eye, characteristic of Oregon Pip
pins, but the fruits are not so large. The fruit shows
a strong tendency to scab, and is also attacked by
bitter rot. In 1901, eight well grown trees yielded
133 bushels of fruit, of which 6J bushels might have
been reckoned as approaching near to first class fruit.

Experimenta are under way to determine whether
we can make this variety jl^ld good commercial fruit
on heavy clay soil. In a previous Bulletin, No. 98, of
the Station series, I have discussed the soils to which
this variety is adapted. It is so well knosvn that this
tree is a shy bearer until it reaches a good age, that
further notes in regard to it are hardly necessary.

Lawver (Delaware Red Winter).— A fairly well
known variety of Missouri origin. Tree only fairly
vigorous, forms a round, spreading top of good form.
Trunk measures in circumference at base, 26 inches,
and at head, 22 inches. The tree is fairly healthy
and free from blight here ; but the fruit has been
more or less subject to bitter rot at this place.

The first bloom was noted in 189-t, a few fruits were
produced in 1895. and in 1897 the tiee bore very well,
furnishing fine specimen?, free from diseasp; in 1899
the trees bore a fair crop, and also in 190 L This
variety cannot be co-nmended eepeeiaily for it« be
havior here, but in soil adapted to Pippins and Wine
saps, I have known it to do remarkably well, and it
is worthy of trial in a small way in such situations.

Winenap —One of the very best known varieties of
red apples grown in America ; of New Jersey origin,
and generally disseminated over the Eastern United
States. The tree, on proper soil, is a vieorous grower,
but unless pruned carefully to a central stem, the
head becomes very procumbent, giving it an ugly

form. It is quite free from blight, and the foli-ige
not particularly subject to fungous diseases. At this
time the tree measures here, 25 inches in circumfer-
ence at base and 2.3 at head.

The first bloom was noted In 1893, and the first fruit
in 1895; in 1897, a light crop was borne, and in 1899j
a crop averaging three bushels per tree ; in 1901, the
crop averaged six bushels per tree; but on this soil the
fiuit is very small, poorly colored and badly attacked
by the common apple scab; bitter rot has not been
noted on the fruit, chougb it stands adjacent to Ben
Davis, which is badly attacked. The character and
quality of fruit are too well known to need descrip-
tion. As a red apple of market grade, it has no-
superior on those soils which produce fine, clean fruifc
of good size. It, however, is illy adapted to th*
heavy clay soils or moist situations

Arkansas (Mammoth Black Twig). — This variety
has but recently become generally disseminated, and
is not yet known as a commercial sort in the markets
to any extent. It is said to have originated in Ar-
kansas, and few aoples ha.ve been more discussed re-
cently th»n it. The tree is a strong, vigorous grower,
entirely healthy, free from blight and fungous disease;
trunk measures 28 inches in circumference at base,
25 at head. This tree is said to be a seedling of Wine-
sap, and in some respects reminds one of the Winesap^
in appearance of wood, yet its growth habit is dis-
tinctly different and be'ter than the Winesap.

This variety showed the first bloom in 1894, five
years after planting, and bore a few fruits in 1895,
also in 1897, but showed up better in 1899; in 1901, it
bore a very heavy crop, twelve bushels of very fair
fruit bf ing picked from one tree, of which 90 per cent,
graded drst claPS. The size and color, however, were
not up to the standard of this variety in better fiuIt
soils than ours. The fruit is roundish, oblate, regu-
lar, much larger than Winesap, and of a dull reddish
color, nothing like so precty as Winesap. The quality
is also below Winesap, but distinctly better than York
Impel ial. It promises to be a good keeper in thi»
latitude. The fruit has been thus far entirely frte
from scab and bit er rot, except on one occasion it
showed some slight attack of the latter. This variety
is mentioned as a promising cosmopolitan apple on all
of our good fruit soils, and it will probably be far lesa
attacked by blight than York Imperial.

Gano.—A supposed seedling of Ben Davis, dissem-
inated from Tennessee, and by many thoaght to to»
clo&ely resemble Ben Davis to warrant separate variety
position. The true Gano is, however, dls'inct from
Ben Davis in character of tree, and also to a less ex-
tent in character of fruit, and has distinct claims as a
variety. At this place it is a strong grower, forming
an upright, slightly spreading head, with well devel-
oped wood. Tae trunk is 31 inches in circumference
at base and 28 inches at head.

This variety bloomed first in 1893, and produced a
fair crop for the size of the trees in 1895 and a heavy
crop in 1897; in 1899, the crop was injured by bitter
rot. and only about three or four bushels picked per
tree ; in 1901, a crop of 8} bushels per tree wa»
picked, which was quite free from disease except
slight attack of scab. The fruit is round, ovate,
larger than Ben Davis, more distinctly washed with
red and quite blighter in appearance. The quality
is almost or quite identical with Ben Davis ; some-

1903

THE SOUriiBRN FLAMTEB

176

times one thinks there is a slight difference in favor
of Gano, bat it is very slight indeed. This variety as
a filler for an early bearer is, in our es imation, quite
superior to Ben Davis, but it is quite true that in
many cases Ben Davis is sold for Gino, and the oppo
site may also be true.

Via. — A. little known variety of origin.

Though it appears to be an old variety, it has gained
very little notice, and is rarely found in cultivation;
here it has shown some remarkable qualities. The
tree is a fairly good grower, not large, forming a well
rounded spreading head. The trunk measures 23
inches in circumference at base and 21 a*} head. It is
quite free from blight and fungnns diseases.

First bloom wa^ noted in 1893 and the trees bore
heavily in 1895, six years after planting. Pull crop?
were borne in 1897 and 1899, the latter jear three
bushels per tree. In 1901, ttie trees bore six bushels
each, which for their size is a very heavy crop
About 90 per cent, of this crop was fiists. In the off
years, there is ordinarily a light crop produced. The
fruit is roundish, oblate, a dull red in color, of fine
appearance. The quality is medium to good, and the
season is early winter. This fiuit ought to cold store
well, and thus become a very profitable sort because
of its great productiveness. The size of the tree and
its early bearirg habit, renders it valuable as a filler;
and this, coupled with irs freedom from disease both
in fruit and tree, leads us to commend it for this pur
pose. In the warmer parts of Virginia, it will prove
a fall apple, and prompt cold storage will be necessary
to carry it into winter.

Wm. B Alwood,

Dec. 20, 1902. Horticulturist.

[to be continued.]

GARDEN AND ORCHARD NOTES.

Editor Southern Planter :

The farmer should have a hot bed to start early
garden plants in. Commence making OLe now. Se
lect a location wich good drainage and sloping towards
the south. If the location have some protection from
the cold north winds, it is much more desirable.

A bed nine feet long and six feet wide will usnall
be ample for ordinary purposes. la such a bed
enough tomato seed can be germinated for two a^res.
But to carry this many plants through, a cold frame
is also necessary, into which the young plants may be
transplanted when aboat one and a half inches high.

For the hot bed, excavate the ground to a depth of
about three feet, and throw the dirt on the north side
of the bed for protection against cold north winds.
Plank up the sides of the bed and make the north side
at least six irches higher than the south side, so that
water will run off the glass readily.

Place cross pieces of 2 x 4 inch material at intervals
of three feet to make the bed more substantial, and
also for the sash to meet over. Good stobs of 2 x 4
inch material should be driven into the ground even
with the side walls of the bed, and to which the plank

should be nailed. If all wooden parts are given a good
coat of paint before they are put in place, they wiU
last much longer.

The bed is now ready for the heating material. This
should be good, fresh stable manure. Fill the bed up
to eighteen inches with it. Now, to st rt ferm«nta
tion evenly, tramp the material down and make it
moist, but not too wet. Fork it over once or twice
at intervals anid retramp.

When the temperature CDmes down to about 95 de-
grees, fill in with six inches of very rich loam soil.
Rotted sods mixed with about one half good wood's
earth make a good hot bed soil. The soil should be
run through a coarse sieve before putting it in place.
The sash should now be put on for several days to give
Che weed seed time to germinate, and also to keep out
water from drenching rains. Hot bed sash can usually
be purchased for about $2 50 apiece. The bed is now
ready to sow. Take a stick as long as the width of
the bed and press it into the soil, sow the seeds in the
depression and cover them lightly. Sprinkle some
fine sand over the rows to keep the soil from baking
above the seeds.

The surface of the soil should be kept moist, but
not too wet. Take one part sulphur and ten parte
slaked lime, mix well, then make the soil appear
nearly white with it to prevent fungus diseases from in-
juring the young plants. Give the bed good ventilation
during fair weather. It is a good rule to give enough
ventilation during the day to keep moisture from set-
tlii g on the under side of the glass. However, if the
weather is very cold, great care must be exercised in
ventilating. The most critical time is when the young
tender plants are coming through. How to manage a
hot bed correctly must be learned from experience.

The joung plants must be lept thinned out and
given one or more transplantings to keep ihem from
spindling up too much. This senteuce does not ap-
ply to sweet potato beds, since ve want such plants to
be about six inches high.

The tubers for sweet potato plants should be selected
with the greatest care. No disease of any kind should
appear on them, since disease producing spores will
get onto the plants and may seriously afifect the crop.
I have frequently been successful in preventing all
diseases, except soft rot, from injuring m> sweet po-
tato crops by selecting clean tabers for the hot bed.
Spores of soft rot fungus appear in the atmosphere,
and frequently do seiious damage to the crop when
carelessly harvested.

I may treat this subject more exhaustively at the
time of harvest. Plant a gooii crop of this most ex
cellent vegetable. Those who may desire an ex-
haustive treatise upon nearly all phases of sweet po-
tato growin? and storing, are referred to my book
upon the subject, as space will not permit a full dis-
cussion here. R H. Peice.

Montgomery Co. Va.

176

THB SOUTHERN PT.ANTTgR.

[March

WORK IN THE STRAWBERRY PATCH.

Editor Southern Planter :

The great planting season is now at hand at the
South, trending northward as the ground thaws. For
fully three -fourths of the planting of berry plants in
this country is done in late winter and early spring
For many reasons it should be disposed of as early as
practicable. Done now it competes little with the
pressing work to come later. It can be done better
whUe there is no rush, then in a climate that admits of
It the winter is the safest season to transplant all fruit
trees and berry plants. They are then in a dormant
state and it is as hard not to get a stand as to get one
later on when the sun gets hot and parches the
ground hard.

For field culture of strawberries set plants in rows
three feet apart. The distance apart in the row de
pends on whether the stool system or the matted row
systeTi is to be followed. For nearly all varieties the
Btool or hill system is the simplest, most profitable and
in the long run the cheapest. For hills we set
plants fifteen to eighteen inches apart in the row,
according as the vaiiety is a rank grower or not. For
thin matted rows, the only matted row at all ad visa
ble, plant two feet apart.

The quantity of manure allowable will also depend
entirely on how it is applied. If broadcastei^i and thor-
oughly mingled with the soil an almost unlimited
quantity can be used. If to be applied in the drill,
judgment must be used not to overdo the thing and
bring too much manure in immediate contact with
the plant roots.

We have often broadcasted one hundred loads of
stable manure an acre, or in lieu of this applied in the
same way two tons of cotton-seed meal. Both of these
manures being highly nitrogenous and tending to
greatly stimulate plant growth at the expense of fruit.
It is always best to apply the following fall as a top
dressing a liberal quantity of potash and phosphoric
acid ; the first in the form of sulphate of potash and
the latter in the form of acid phosphate or dissolved
bone.

Where manuring is to be confined to the drill, 500 to
700 pounds cotton seed meal to the acre, evenly sown
and mlxf»d with the soil by running a cultivator, har
row or plow lightly down the furrow is beat. Lacking
the cotton-seed meal, any fertilizer rich in ammonia
will answer. What is desired is to promote a steady,
vigorous plant growth. The fruit producing proper
ties of manure, potash and phosphoric acid, should be
applied the following fall, winter or early spring, as a
top dressing.

More depends on the proper setting of a strawberry
plant, or any kind of plant or tree than most people

can be led to believe. If the roots of the strawberry
plant are very long, it is best, though not essential, to
trim them back to about four inches. The holes should
be opened broad and deep enough to admit of the
roots being spread fan shaped, and the earth should
be pressed firmly around them. The pioper depth to
set a plant or tree of any kind is the depth that na-
ture set them. Observe and discover this when you
dig them up.

In a garden bed strawberry plants can be set in
rows fifteen inches apart with the plants fifteen Inches
apart in the row. Bat between each series of three
rows there must be left an alley or walk two feet
wide. All runners must, of course, be kept closely
clipped from plants set this way, and, indeed, from
all plants grown in the stool or hill system.

Dewberry plants should be set six feet apart. A
good plan is to run the rows six feet apart and then
cross them at right angles with jows the same dis-
tance apart. Eight in the check, where the cross
comes, the plant can be set, spreading out the roots
well. Easpberries, blackberries, and grapevines can
all be set this way. Plants or vines set this way can
be plowed both ways, and hoe work almost entirely
dispensed with in cultivating the crop.

A good way to apply manure or fercilizer to plants
set this way is to drill it in the open furrow on the
four sides of the plant and cover with earth. About
the same manure can be used on the dewberries, black-
berries and grapfs as on the straw oeiries.

KUtrell, N. G. O. W. Blacknai-l.

SPRAYING FRUIT TREES AND VEGETABLE
CROPS.

In this issue will be found a Spray Calendar giving
instructions for the treatment of trees and vegetables
infested with disease or insect pests, and also for the
preparation of the fungicides and insecticides re-
quired. In our advertising columrs will be found the
advertisements of numerous makers of spray pumps.

SAN JOSE SCALE.

The Virginia Experiment Station (Blaeksburg, Va.)
has prepared and is now issuing a bulletin on the best
treatment for destroying this pernicious and deadly
enemy of apple pear, plum and peach trees. If yon
have not received a copy, write for one at once, as in-
fested trees should receive the first treatment before
the buds begin to push.

PECAN NUTS. .

Mr. Pendleton, who wrote on this subject in our
January issue, asks us to say that he has neither trees
nor nuts for sale. He has received many enquiries
for same.

1903.]

THE 80UTHBEN PI1A.NTBB.

177

Live Stock and Dairy.

HEREFOEDS AT ANNEFIELD, CLARKE CO.. VA.

Prince Rupert.

Prince Rupert, No. 79539, sire Beau Donald,
58996, by Beau Brnmmel, 51817, out of Donna,
33735, dam Sallie Morton, No. 44785, sire Roscoe,
16509, dam Loyala 3d, 17683, first attracted attention
when a yearling by winning first premiums over all
beef breeds at several Missouri fairs. In 1901 as an
aged bull, he won first premium at the big Lexington
{Ky.) Fair, and the same year won sweepstakes over
all aged bulls at the Royal Show of America at Kan
sas City. In 1902, he start d again at Lexingt n, win
ning second in his class and first at the head of his
herd, at L iwrenceburg, Ky. He won over all beef
breeds first in class and first at the head of his herd
At the Ohio State Fair, he won first in class first at
head of herd, also at the head of his herd he won
sweepstakes over all beef breeds. At the West Vir
ginia State Fair he won first in class and first at the
head of his herd, and at the same place, wifh the as
sistance of hie family, the Bean and Belle Donalds,
won the get of a siie which was the largest cash Here
ford premium paid in America in 1902. We congrat
ulate Mr. E. G. Butler on having secured so fine a
specimen of the Hereford breed to head his herd.

Wood Ashes for Qrass Land.

Will yon tell me in yonr next issue the best way to
apply ashes to grass as a t op dressing 1

Alexandria Co. , Va. C. R. HoOFF.

Sow broadcast by hand. — Ed.

HEREFORDS AT CASTALIA, ALBEMARLE
COUNTY, VA.

Editor Southern Planter :

I am glad to say that my present lot of calves and
yearlings are the best I ever had, and in the best con-
dition. It is worth a visit to Castalia to see them, and
no buj er can afiford to overlook this opportunity to
buy cattle at home which are as good as can be found
anywhere at a distance, and at prices which are ex-
tremely low for value received.

I have shipped Hereford bulls from the Castalia
herd to over a dozen States, but Virginia leads them
all in the number purchased; and I look for a still
better demand here, as farmers begin to realize the
real value of good cattle to make the farm pay, and
especially Hereford cattle, which are the best adapted
of all breeds for the South.

My recent visit to Herefordshire, England, con-
firmed the opinion formed before I decided on Here-
fords, that the climate and soil conditions of Hereford-
shire are more like those of Virginia than any other
part of England; and thus it is only natural that the
Hereford should thrive well on Virginia pastures when
transferred from his native heath.

So it is that Imported Salisbury 76059 (19083), the
chief stock sire at Castalia, found in the salubrious
climate of Albemarle a home so much like that of his
birthplace, that he had a rare opportunity to thrive
steadily, and his calves all show remarkable develop-
ment and hardy, thrifty condition.

My visit to Mr. John Price, of Court House, Pem-
bridge, Herefordshire, was worth the journey across
the se». Mr. Price will be remembered as the breeder
of Salisbury, and a more geiial, hospitable and culti-
vated host it would be difficult to find. Mr. Price is
one of the few great breeders of to day, and the cattle
from his herd of the choicest "White Faces" have
been sought after by the best breeders of America.
To give a history of Mr. Price's fifty years' experience
in breeding Herefords, would be to largely give the
history of Hereford cattle in England for that period.

Words are inadequate to picture the beauty of
Herefordshire with Its park like farms, its winding
and picturesque River Wye, its rich pastures and roll-
ing meadow lands, and, above all, the herds of fin
Hereford cattle grazing in nearly every field.

We have much to learn from the Old Country —
much of intensive and less of extensive farming. The
fields there are so clean that one can ride for days
without seeing "a stick or a stone;" and the neatness
of the hedges and fence rows and barn yards, and the
smooth stone roads in every direction, show a high

178

THE SOUTHERN PLANTBB

TMarch

Btate of cultivation and activity which makee Vir
ginia — acd, indeed, all of this New World — eeem new
in fact; but gi?e us time. Give us the same time that
It has taken to produce that state of systematic devel
opment and culture, and this fair Vii ginia will bios
Bom like a garden, and surely we shall not be far be
hind. In fact, Mr. Price said that we have as good
cattle in the United States as they have in England.
We onght to have. Have we not been buying the
best Herefords in England for the past half centurj?
Salisbnrj is one of them; "and there are others."

There is another point I wish to impress, and that is
the regard for trees manifested in Eoglacd. Nearly
every field has a doren fine old trees dotted aronid in
such a manner as to aflford good shade for the cattle at
all times of day, and also to form an artistic landscape
feature. The trees are not Mowed to grow along the
fences, which are always clean — the grass growing to
the very edge of the hedges or continuing under the
fences. The efifect of such care over a large ai ea* of
country is very beautiful, and an example which we
may well profit by.

The new barn at Caafalia is almost completed, and
will be a great improvement in the facility of feedicg
and handling the cattle. It is 58 by 110 feet and 43
feet to the ridge, well lighted, and buiit in the modern
Btjle of two inch plank frame — not a heavy piece of
timber being in the barn. The passages behind the
cattle are 10 feet wide for a manure spreader to go
through every morning, thus keeping the barn clean
and putting the manure where it will do the most
good with the least waste; also forming a wide lane
for the calves to exercise in in stormy weather. There
are many other features in this barn which are worth
studying, and visitors will find a good opportunity to
see the cattle comfortable in all kinds of weather.

I am glad to see more and more adyertisements of
Hereford cattle in the columns of the Planter. Keep
up the good work. The West, always eager to take
hold of a good thing, was not slow to recognise the
merits of the Hereford for feeding purposes, and
"the peerless grazing breed" have found their way
into every section where good cattle are raised. The
field of opportunity in Virginia, where pure bred
bulls of the right type and breeding are so much
needed, is very great, and with such bulls already
here, there is no excuse for cattlemen to breed or feed
"scrubs." There is alwajs a demand for good beef.

Albemarle Co., Va. Muebay BoococK.

Heart is a hope place, and home is a heart place,
and she sadly mistaketh who would exchange the
happiness of home for anything less than Heaven.

CONFINING COWS CONTINUOUSLY DURINQ
WINTER.

Editor Southern Planter :

I am well aware that some exceedingly able, well-
educated dairymen have for several years practiced
keeping their cows closely and continuously confined
in their stables four or five months during the winter
season. They assert that the animals have done well;,
that no injurious coneequences have been observable,
and recommend the practice to others. They claim
that it is much less trouble, and that the cows give
more milk under this arrangement.

This would seem to settle the matter and leave no
ground for argument, but nature's laws ca mot be In-
fringed without sooner or later incurring the penalty.
Some diseases aie very insidious in their approach —
stealthily, silently and secretly creeping upon the an-
imal's system, making no sign until their deadly fanga
are fastened firmly upon the victim's vitals. When
tuberculosis or consumption shows itself, It is gener-
ally too firmly seated to be removed !iy medical skill,
and the only cure is slaughter and the fertilizer man-
ufactory.

Tuberculosis and pleuro pneumonia are contagious
diseases, but there can be no doubt whatever that they
break out spontaneously, without previous contact
with infected animals, under conditions favorable for
their germination. If this were not so, where did the
first case come fromt Did the Lord create one in-
fected animal to inoculate others and keep the icourge
In the world! Pleuropneumonia broke out in the
herd of N. C. Elsbree, of Bradford county, Pa , and
the cattle had not been In contact with any other cat-
tle for years.

Animals which were created for an active life, as
well as human beings, must have regular exercise, or
their health will fail, if not break down altogether.
This fact in regard to the human family is established
beyond all controversy. Nobody, that I am aware of,
ever disputed it. A.11 the doctors, from the earliest
ages down to the present time, have agreed that regu
lar exercise of i-he body wa^> necessary to the preserva-
tion of good health. Piof. F. D. Chaumont says : "A
man of sedentary occupation ought to take exercise
of a physical kind, varied from 50 to 100 foot tons per
diem."' Prof Charles S. Rjyse says: "We may give
the digestive apparatus the Oest material for the for-
mation of blood ; we may furnish the lungs with the
purest air for vitalizing the blood ; we may secure the
proper amount of sleep under the most favorable cir-
cumBtances ; we may so clothe the body as to afford it
the best possible protection ; but if we fail to take the
proper amount of exercise, there cannot be a harmo
nious development of the phjslcal man."

L903]

THE 80UTHBBN PLANTER

179

The Library of Universal Knowledge says: 'Exercise
l9 an important element of hygiene. To preserve all
the functions of the body in healthy action, it is neces
sary to secure their due and regular action or exer
else." Dr. Dunn says: "Everything that tends to
lower the health and vigor of the system, increases
the susceptibility to disease." Inaction will certainly
lower the health and vigor of the system. There can
be no question that human beings must take regular
exercise to preserve good health; and reasoning from
analogy, cows must also. The analogy is perfect so
far as regards the means of locomotion. Cows have
good legs, and can run as fast and travel as far in a
day as the average man. In their «*ild state they take
a great deal of exercise, and are travelling half the
time. No valid reason can be given why cows should
not have exercise as well as mankind. Even clams
and oysters, not provided with legi, manage to crawl
about and exercise their bodies in the mud. They tell
US that cows get exercise enough in lying down and
getting up, and stepping back and forth in their stalls
They might, with equal propriety, say that a man
could get sufficient exercise in turning over in bed.

The convicts in the Eastern penitentiary of Penn-
•ylvania are taken out Into the yard every day (about
twenty at a time), and made to run around in a circle
like circus horses. The convicts love it as well as
children love to play, and they know the exercise is
for the benefit of their health.

To retain our present itrength and increase it, we
must regularly use what we have. Man, horse or ox
will lose much strength if they do not work or take
exercise for four or five months. Oarsmen and pugi
lists go into training for weeks before their contests
come off in order to develop the strength of their
bodies and the staying power of their Inrgs. Of equal
Importance to exercise for the preservation of health,
Is pure fresh air. Dr. Gunn says : "Pure air may be
considered the prime necessity of life." In New Eng
land, sfatietics show that agriculturists who pass most
of their days out of doors, live to an average of sixty
four J ears, while the average attained by persons who
have indoor employment does not exceed forty one.
Pure air is perhaps of equal importance to wholesome
food. Does it appear reasonable that the air in a
stable where fiom ten to forty cows are confined con-
stantly day and night, can possibly be kept as pure as
the air of out of doors 1 No building on earth can be
ventilated so ^ell as the free winds of heaven venti
late the barn yard and the fields. Every person
knows that on entering the stable in the morning,
after the wind has changed to the south and it is rain
ing, that he encounters a vitiated atmosphere.

Human ingenuity has never yet been able to devise
a means of ventilation whereby the air in congress

ional halls, parliament houses, churches and theatres
can be kept as pure and wholesome as that on the out-
side. To talk about stables being perfectly ventilated
with the dung and th« urine, the breath of numer-
ous animals, and the (ffluviumof their bodies present,
is perfectly preposterous.

Fifty years ago, when farmer's cows were wintered
in the barn yard, we heard nothing about tuberculosis
and pleuro pneumonia, and even now it is mostly
found in rich men's stables, where they keep their
high priced cows, and have stopped every crack and
crevice where fresh air could enter, except the tubes
they call ventilators.

Sunlight, for the promotion of full health, is almost
as necessary as pure air. In many hospitals, rooms
are provided where patients can take a sun bath.
That is the best that can be done until the patient is
able to walk out of doors. It is not the sunshine that
is reflected, refracted and intercepted by a few win
dows in the stable that invigorates the cows, but the
bright, piercing rays that dart down unobstructed
from the luminous surface of the King of Day, full of
healthful magnetism. J. W. Ingham.

Bradford Co., Pa.

BACON, AND A "BACON BREED "

Bditor Southern Planter :

A gentleman who is a recognised national authori-
ty, in a published statistical estimate of the meat sup
ply of the world, has the following among his conclu-
sions :

"The world's population is getting far and away
ahead of the available meat supply. The hnman race
has eaten the live stock of the world to a standstill.
In the progress of man and of animal life, the multi
plication of the former has so outstripped the latter
that the decennial ratio of ihe two has increased to
an alarming extent in the last fifty years. We have
enteied upon a period of permanently high meat price*
in this country."

This condition of affairs shonM put our Southern
farmers to thinking. There is opportunity presented
here that, if improved, will bring many thousands of
doUar-i into the pockets of our people. It is true that
in many sections of the South our farmers cannot com
pete with the natural gra-.s producing regions in the
production of beef. But there is no section of the
world that is better alapted to the production of the
highest class of pork or the finest quality of bacon.
This is proven by the fact that Virginia hams have,
for a hundred years, commanded the highest market
prices.

To produce the highest quality of meat, the hog
needs a variety of food. An exclusive corn diet tends
to produce lardy meat, which cannot be converted

180

THE SOUTHERN PLANTEB.

[Mai ch

into that quality of bacon that is demanded by the
class of consumera who are willing to pay the highest
prices. An exclusive corn diet also tends to sterility,
and this has done much to destroy the vitality and
breeding qualities of the best known breeds of this
country.

There is no country on earth where such a variety
of the best hog feed can be grown as right here in Vir
ginia, and in our Southern States. Field peas, Soja
beans, oats, corn, rape, sorghum, Kaffir corn and pea
nuts, all grow to perfection here, and afford a bill of
fare that is unsurpassed for the production of the
highest type of the bacon hog. Besides the btst fa-
cilities for growing the greatest variety of forage and
feeds, we have a very decided advantage over the
North and West in our milder climate, which is an-
other important factor in the economical production
of pork, as no domestic animal suffers more from cold
than the hog.

There is also as much in the breed as in the feed.
A bacon hog must possess the characteristic, or qual
ity, of pioduciDg bacon, instead of lard, as much so
as the dairy cow must have the tendency to produce
milk or butter fat. Instead of beef, or vice versa. If
we wish to produce the highest quality of family ba
•con, that will command the highest market prices,
we must grow a type of hog that will produce It.

In our travels, in rece::t years, through portions of
the Dominion of Canada, in search of St. Lambert
Jerseys, our attention has been called . o the improved
large Yorkshires, as possessing more of the qualities
of the Ideal "bacon breed" than any other with which
we are acquainted, and, though we have been great
admirers of the Poland China and Berkshires for a
quarter of a century, we have abandoned them in fa
vor of the large Yorkshiies.

This breed is not so well known in the South as
other breeds, and, for the benefit of your readers, we
append a few extracts, giving the opinion of well
known authorities on their merits as a profitable bacon
breed.

Prof. John A. Craig, Professor of Animal Husban-
dry at the Iowa Experiment Station, made a test of
various breeds lately. Writing In reference to this,
he remarks :

"We took all of our experiment hogs into Chicago,
and I followed them right through the slaughter tests
there. In onr results, I fiad that the Yorkshire has
given the greatest gains on the leivst feed."

Hon. Eichard Gibson, an Influential breeder of Can-
ada, in the Breeders^ Gazette, writing about "The Im
proved Yorkshires," says :

"To them we Canadians owe onr present standing
in the Boglish markets, where we have ousted the
Dinish and Irish bacon from the second place, and
sent them down to third and fourth rank. Some peo

pie will tell you, ' Oh, it is Canada peas ;' others say,
'Oh, It is dairy slop.' " Agair it is claimed, "They
feed no corn in Canada," but none are right. We feed
corn in Canada, and lots of it. I have the reputation
of sending the best hogs to our buyer. He never asks
to see them, because he knows exactly what he will
get, but, nevertheless, I feed lots of corn, because I
can grow it. Here is the rub. One may shove all the
peas he chooses Into a Poland China or Cheshire, and
he will have fat meat. Just the same, I can feed corn
to Yorkshires and get lots of lean. It is all in the
breed. Can one by feeding a Holstein Increase butter
fat up to that yielded by a Jersey? It is the breed.
Neither by high feeding can a Jersey be made to pro-
duce the yield of milk of the Holstein, or put on flesh
like a Shorthorn, bud she can make richer butter than
either. Again, It is the breed. It is the same with
8«Fine. When yon want good bacon, you must get a
bacon breed. Your folks want bacon now, and as the
trade develops all intelligent farmers will want bacon
breeds and the Improved Yorkshire, which has done
so much for us, will be popular with you."

Roanoke Co., Va. A. M. Bowman.

BILTHORE BERKSHIRE SALE.

Editor Southern Planter:

I enclose with this priced catalogue of onr Third
Annual Brood Sow Sale of Berkshires just held which
I feel will be to your interest to devote a little more
than the usual space to on account of the unparalled
average secured ($221 90) at the sale on account of the
high quality of the offering and the large number of
prominent breeders attending, as you will see, from
nearly every State.

Although the Farms held mail bids, probably ave -
aging nearly $100.00, only five of these secured ani-
mals, and of these three were unlimited. The other
56 head were sold to breeders right In the ring, and
who made these bids as the resnlt of the quality of the
animals before their eyes.

Col. Bailey, the auctioneer, knouked down the whole
61 head at an average of 2} minutes to the animal.

Probably the sensation of the sale was the boar,
Manor Faithful, who, notwithstanding the fact that he
was sold first of all at a time when the bidding sel-
dom commences at an auction, went for $615 to the
Filston Farms, the contending bidder being Mr. J. M.
Overton, of Nashville, Tenn. There was not another
boar found in England combining so much quality and
size without any serious defect, with probably one ex-
ception, and he could not be guaranteed a breeder.
The sow. Manor Corydon Duchess, was most unfortu-
nately lame, owing to a felon, but In epite of this she
sold for $505, Filston Farms again being the fortunate
buyer, and many present thought she would have
reached $1,000 had It not been for this temporary lame-
ness.

One of the most gratifying features of this sale was

1908.J

THE 80UTHEEH PLANTEat.

181

that these high prices were made by contending breed
ers of such high reputation and so widely scattered
that it is impossible to impute any intention of forcing
prices up so as to boom the breed. They simply rep
resent the demand now before the breeders for an extra
good individual that will, in addition, form a desirable
ontcross for the home bred animals

There were over 65 buyers present, but of this uum
ber only 19 secured animals.

The gavel with which Col. Bailey knocked down the
sale was presented to him by the Faims, and he has
promised to use it until this record is broken, which
the Farms think will be a long time ahead.

Very low special rates were secured at the Kenil
worth Inn, probably one of the most sumptuous win
ter resort hotels in the South, and where transactions
between the breeders were very active after dinner
during the days preceding and after the sale. The
whole herd of Berkshires was insptcted with much
Interest both before and after the sale, and some of
the offers were so tempting that several sales were
made at what would have been considered a long price
a few months ago.

The sow. Her Majesty, did not bring what was ex
pected by the Management, especially considering the
very fine litter that she has raised since her importa-
tion.

At the completion of the sale a sealed e velope con-
taining an offer of the Biltmore Farms of six animals
of $50 each in cash, if the buyer would leave them
and call their bid off, was opened by the auctioneer,
but in each instance was promptly refused. Three of
these animals, one of which Manor Faithful, went to
Filston Farms and the other three were purchased
by Mr. Guy C. Barton, of Nebraska, whose represet ta
tive also refused the offer.

Such prominent breeders were present, as Mr. N. H.
Gentry, Sedalia, Mo.; F. E. McEldowney, Portland,
Ore., and H. C. Taylor, Orfordville, Wis., repesent
ing the Ladd Estate ; J. E. Dodge, from Hood Farm,
Lowell, Mass.; W. J. Lovejoy, Eoscoe, 111.; W. R.
Harvey, Sibley, 111.; J. G. Yeager, Shelbjville, Ky.;
W. F. Lillard, Lawrenceburg, Ky. ; J. M. Overton,
Nashville, Tenn.; G. A. Swartwout, Piston Farms,
Glencoe, Md. ; J. K. Honeywell, Lincoln, Neb. ; Lor
ing Brown, of Belmont Farms, Smyrna, Ga. ; James
Gibson, Jr., New York City ; W. H. Carpenter, New
Middieton, Tenn.; J. W. Akin, Cartersville, Ga ; W.
B. GrifBn, Paris, K. ; W. J. Milner, Cartersville, Ga. ;
William Edwards, Jr., Plymouth, Fla.; T. H. Bait
zell, of Indiana ; H. W. Fugate, of Fngate's Hill, Va. ;
M. K. Munson, of Eidge Farm, Vinemont, Ala. ; Brent
Van Swearicgen, Simeon, Va.; J. L. Ellis, Baldock, S.
C; M. O. Dowd, Lowell, N. C; W. B. Beaty and
brother, Mt. Holly, N. C. ; A. P. Walker, Rushville,

Ind. ; Jas. T. Anderson, Marietta, Ga ; Geo. T. Mont-
gomery, Marietta, Ga. ; H. Roquemore, Mansfield, Ga.-
G. M. Middieton, Shelbyville, Ky.; L. Letterle, Har^
rod's Creek, Ky.; T. B. Carney, Murfreesboro, Tenn.;.
A. H. Tipton, Greenville, Tenn. ; Dorr Clark, Freder-*^
icksburg, Va.; W. I. Johns, Baldock, S. C; H. T. Pan-
coast, of the Forest Home Farm, Pnrcellville, Va. • W.
H. Hicklin, Greenville, 8. C; T. J. White, of South
Carolina ; B. Hirris, Pendleton, S. C. ; F. T. Meacham
Morganton, N. C. ; 8. L. Trogdon, Greensboro, N. 0.,.
and others.

Biltmore, N. G. Geo. F. Weston.

It is very gratifying to us to see that at last South-
ern hog breeders are realizing the truth of what we
have been so long telling them, that the secret of suc-
cess in hog breeding, as in all live stock breeding, is
good foundation stock, and that It will always pay to
buy the best, even though the price be a long one.
We congratulate Biltmore Farms on the record made*
— Ed.

THE BROOD SOW.

Editor Southern Planter :

As my article on the hog in the November Planter
is causing a little comment, I will explain my plan of
handling the sow and litter.

I will say, in the first place, I have no special breed,
but a good cross of Berkshire and Poland China.

I raise three litters one year and two the next from
my sows. I arrange the pen so that the little pigs can
creep through the fence, and I teach them to eat while
on the mother. I begin taking them ofi two and three
per week until I have all off by the time they are four
weeks old, taking off the largest first.

I withhold all slop food a day or two before I begin
taking off the last pigs, so that when all are off the
sow's milk will have ceased, and she will always come
in use within a week if in good condition, but never
have her fat. If fat, stop all milk foods a week be-
fore weaning, feeding the pigs plentifully away from
the sow. This method gives the pigs a good start,
without check, when separated from the mother.

With good feed, I sell them from five to seven months
old with big interest on my money invested.

Goochland Co.,Va. N. S. Watkiits.

Hog Pasture,

I want to go into the hog raising business. Will al-
falfa, German clover or sapling clover make a good
hog posture t

Dinwiddle Co., Va. Subbcbibee.

Either German (Crimson) clover or sapling clover
will make a good hog pasture. Alfalfa ought not to
be pastured. It will not stand grazing. Cow peas or
cow peas and sorghum or Soy beans will make you the
best hog pasture for summer. Rape for the fall, arti-
chokes for winter, and clover for the spring. — Ed.

182

THE 80UTHBEN PLAITTEB.

[March

The Poultry Yard.

EOa-LAYINQ COnPETITION OF BREEDS.

These competitions are very popular in England,
but have been little followed in this country. The
last winter one was conducted in New South Wales,
and the results are published in detail in the Agricul
tural Gazette. The competition arose out of a coDtro
versy between two breeders regarding the merit of
Silver Wjandots and Buff Orpingtons. The minister
of agriculture became interesced, and it was finally
decided to open the contest to all bieeders who should
contribute six pullets each of any one breed. The gov
ercment put up yards 57 x 17 feet and pens 6x5} feet
for each flock of six birds. The fowls were in charge
of the poultry expert at the Hawkesbury Agricultural
College.

Prizes were given for the greatest total number of
eggs laid by each pen and for the greatest aggregate
weight of eggs. A record was kept of the mark^t
value of the eggs, total quantities of food consumed,
and the average cost per hen. The first prize of |50
for total number of eggs, and of $15 for greatest ag
gregate weiglit, was awarded to a pen of Black Orp-
ingtons.

Ttiere were 41 pens entered, which makes it the
largest competition of Its kind ever conducted. All
but one pen paid for its food. The average value of
the eggs was $1 54 per hen, and cost of food 66 cents,
leaving a profit of 88 cents each. The first pen of
Black Orpingtons gave a profit of $2 18. The follow-
ing table shows the average resulis of the various
breeds, also the record in detail of those pens which
laid a total of 400 eggs or more during the six winter
months, April to September being winter in New South
Wales :

AVEEAGE KE8ULTS OF THE VAEIOU8 BREEDS.

No. and T<ilal

Breed. Eggt.

6 Imperials 426

24 Silver Wyandots 1681

48 Black Orpingtons 3 127

30 Buff Orpingtons 1,949

18 Buff Wyandots 1.145

30 White Leghorns 1,746

12 Anconas 672

6 Golden Wyandots 317

« "Birrilees" 317

18 White Wyandots 8t8

6 White Orpingtons 273

12 Buff Leghorns 493

12 Andalusians 464

18 Minorcas .-•• 589

246 Hens 14,047

Av.

per

Pen.

$71 00

70 04

65

14

64 96

63 61

58 50

56 00

52

83

52

83

47

11

45

50

41

08

38

66

32

72

57

10

Now is the time to plan for the coming season ; eggs
and poultry of all kinds have been in good demand ;
this is sure to continue, and all should profit by these
conditions.

No one kind of poultry has been so scarce and high
in price as turkeys. The stock in storage has been so
reduced as to insure good prices another season.

Prepare for this in time, and guard against the great-
est of all danger in growing turkeys — inbreeding.

Make full preparation for growing early pullets.
Begin now to plan for this. Get the incubators and
brooders in shape for spring work. Try them ahead
of time and see if they work right. You may save a
lot of eggs by so doing Be sure they are in good
working order before putting in the eggs.

When brooders are properly made and run, they
will do good work; but each is as important as the
other. After the maker has done his part, you must
do yours. It is quite as important for the brooder to
be run right as it is absolutely necessary that the in-
cubator be properly managed ; look out for this.

Strong, vigorous stock is the proper kind to use for
breeding ; this holds good in fowls as in all kinds of
slock. The same rule holds good throughout nature.
If we ho>e for the best results, we must make use of
the best means to gain the desired end, whether after
better crops — fruit, vegetables or live stock — the prin-
ciple of production is the same. Good quality is not
to be gained through the use of inferiority.

COST OF PRODUCINQ A BROILER.

One of the most successful broiler raisers in this
country markets his chicks at 11 to 2 pounds weight,
at an average cost to raise of 25 cents each. He is able
to market a broiler chick for every two eggs put in
his incubators (including infertiles) and his carefully
kept entimate of cost, extending over several years, is
as follows :

Two eggs 5 cents.

Labor 7 "

Feed 8 "

Picking 5 "

Total 25

At the price he paid the farmers for eggs his aver-
age cost is not quite two cents an egg, as the price
paid for picking is one to two cents above the market
price for picking broilers, his estimate of the total
cost is a liberal one. He said : " I would rather pay
that price and have the chicks carefully picked, each
man picking 50 or 60 a day, than have a picker earn the
same amount of money by hurriedly picking 100 a
day. It is quite easy for a picker to 'skimp' his work,
and the broilers would be a cheaper looking lot in con
sequence, shrinking the price perhaps four or five
cents a pound." In other words, quality pays in broil-
ers as well as in other things, and the fact that this
man's broilers frequently bring him five cents a pound
above the highest market quotations, approves the
policy of paying the picker a good enough price to
insure having the chicks carefully picked.

Broilers bring the hightst prices in April. At this
season of the year they bring 40 to 50 cents a pound,
which price gradually scales down to 20 cents or a I'*-
tie less in August. Later in the j ear the price again
advances, the advance being most rapid in February
and March.

1903 .J

THE 80UTHEEN PLAUTBB.

183

The Horse.

NOTES.

Prominent among the stallions in the stud of the
Hon. William C. Whitney at La Belle Farm, Lexing
ingion Ky., is Ballyhoo Bey, winner of the Fatnrify
in 1890. Ballyhoo Bey is a brown horse, foaled 1698
by Kingston, dam Ballyhoo, Dake of Magenta; sec
ond dam Biiby, by imported Strachlno; third dam
Elliptic, by imported Eclipse; fourth dam the eyer
famous roare Nina, by Boston. Baby and Ecliptic,
the second and tbird damso' Ballyhoo Bey, were bred
in the former noted Bnllfitld Stud, Hanover couiitj ,
Va., while Nina passed most of her life there. A
great fountain head of speed and race horse quality
was this great daughter of Boston. Another of Nina's
descendants now prominently before the public is
The Commoner, who heads the famous Belle Meade
Stud, Nashville, Tenn. He was sired by Hanover,
dam Margerine, by Algerine. Algerine was got by
Abd El Kader, formerly a member of the Bluefield
Stud, out of Nina He was foaled 1873, and his full
slater, Algeria, came in 1875, while the dam was bar
ren in 1874 and 1876, and September 19, 1879, th«
great daughter of Boston succumbed to the weight of
years at the age of 31, and was interred on the hill
■ide overlooking the training track.

Mr. W. E. McComb, of the Union Stock Yards,
this city, haa sold to Trainer George E. Eichmond,
who has charge of the Deep Eun Hunt Club stables
and track, the bay filly, one year old, by Orphan
wood, dam Vida B. Wilkes, by Brignoli Wilkes, sec
ond dam Vida B., by Almont M., and third dam Mary
Bell, the dam of Urbana Belle, 2:20i, and Eex, 2:22h
Both the sire and dam of this filly — who, by the way,
is quite promising — are the property of Mr. McComb,
who also owns Joyful Maiden, 2:L9}; Medinawood,
both by King Nutwood, and others as well bred and
speedy, too. Orphanwood, who is large, handsome
of King Nutwood and Young Mollie, by Baron Luff,
2:27, will be kept in the stud this season at the Mc
Comb Farm, Fiehersville, Va., and the bay stallion
will doubtless be well patronized by breeders in that
section.

In Burlingame, 2:18}^, trotting, the splendid son of
Guy Wilkes, and Ed. Kearney, thoroughbred son of
Tom Ochiltree, Mr. Eobert Tait, of Spring Garden
Farm, near Cool Well P. O., in Amherst county, Va.,
offers the services ot a grand pair of stallions, and
breedeis in that section can make no mistake in
patronizing such horses, especially those who own
good mares. Burlingame is of fine size, bred in the
richest lines, and his get take after him, which shows
his potency as a sire. Ed. Kearney is one of the
finest looking thoroughbred stallions to be f een, while
he is grandly bred, and will sire not only race horses
from thoroughbred mares, but grand hunters, jump
ers and cross country horses from general purpose
mares. The fees of both Burlingame and Ed. Kear
ney are moderate, and intending breeders should
write for extended pedigreeei and other desirable In
formation concerning them.

The International Stock Food Company of Min-
neiipolis, Minn., whose advertisement appears in the
Southern Planter, offers an article of prime merit and
one that hai borne the test in their stock food, which
is sold at a price that enables three feeds to be had
for one cent. It has the largest sale of any similar
preparation in the world. Mr. M. W. Savage, the
head of the concern, is also proprietor of rhe Inter-
national Stock Food F^rm, home of the famous pacer,
Dan Patch, 1:59}; the great trotter and sire, Directum,
2:ii5}, and E )y Wilkes, 2:06J. also famous as a sire.
List season Dan Patch was timed in l:59Jat Eead-
ville, Mass , and during the coming one is more than
likely to pace a faster mile than has ever been seen
done by any harness horse. Not only are the stal-
lions at this establishment great, but the brood mare
band is one of the choicest in the country as well.

The stockholders of the Peninsular Fair Associa-
tion, Tasley, Va., met recently and elected the follow-
ing ofiScers: Judge John W. G. Blackstone, president;
N. W. Nock, vice president; Thomas S. Hopkins, sec-
retary and treasurer. The executive committee la
made up of W. H. Parker, G. W. Kilman, T. H.
Melson, J. H. Ay ers, W. T. Wright, H. O. Finney,
John W. G. Blackstone, John E. Hickman, and G. F.
Parker. The Sixth Annual Fair of the Association
will begin August 4th and continue four days. The
Tasley Fair marks the beginning of the Maryland
and Virginia circuit of fai^s and race meetings, which
will be followed by that at Pocomoke City, Md. , thir-
ty five miles distant on the N. Y. P. and N. E. E.
Four stakes of $500, two each for trotters and pacers,
will be included in the speed programme of each asao-
tjiation.

Wealth, 2:17i, the fine, big son of Gambetta Wilkes
and Magnolia, by Norfolk, who heads the Chapman
Stud at Gordonsville, Va., I* just six years old, and
has probably never eerved more than half a dozen all
told in his life; yet from one of these, served when he
was three yeais old, there is a two-year old owned by
M. E. Doyle, of Lynchburg, Va., who is described as
a great prospect for speed and is entered in something
like 150.000 worth of stakes. The dam of Mr. Doyle's
precocious youngster was sired a son of Belmont.
Wealth will make a short season in the stud and then
be placed in training, when good judges predict a
record of better than 2:10 for the handsome brown
son of Gambetta Wilkes before snow flies this fall.
Col. W. H. Chapman, the owner of Wealth, is in a
position to accord him good advantages, hence the
horse will be sent to Joe Eea, of Danville, Ky., in
whose masterly hands Wealth will be trained and
raced this season.

Eecent winners at New Orleans include Cogswell,
black horse, 7, by Jim Gray, dam Leola, by Eolua,
second dam Vigiline, by Vigil. Cogswell was bred
in the Ellerslie Stud of A. D. Payne, Charlottesville,
Va. Bkoad Bock.

Mention the Southern Pkmter to your frienda.

184

THE SOUTHBEH FLAlITBB

[March

riiscellaneous.

BROWNLOW'S GOOD ROADS BILL.

A Practical and Conservative Measure.

A representative of the press called upon Hon. W.
P. Brownlow, member of (Dongress from Tenneseee,
and asked him whether his bill, recently introduced
In Congress, and providing for national aid to road
Improvement, conld not properly be condemned as a
paternalistic and impracticable scheme, pleasing to
visionaries, bnt regarded by conservative men as de-
Bigned to loot the treasury and to complicate the fnnc
tions of the national government.

"The answer to that question," said Col. Brownlow,
"may be found in the bill itself, and in the editorials
and articles appearing in the leading newspapers, ag-
ricultural and scientific journals of the country."

"I am afraid," he continued pleasantly, " that like
some others, you are talking about my bill before you
have read it, for it is not proposed to build roads at
government expense alone. The general policy, as
stated in the bill, shall be to bring about, so far as
may be, a uniform system of taxation for road pur
poses, and a uniform method of construction, repair
and maintenance throughout the United States, and
to CO operate with any State, or civil division thereof,
in the actual construction of permanent highways."

If you see anything paternalistic and impracticable
in that, you differ from the best editors of the moet
conservative journals in the country. It has been
said that a just cause will raise up friends to fight its
own battles. This is certainly the case with my bill,
for even the editor of the Washi7igton Post, who claims
to be against it, says :

" The Post is surprised at the amount of favor, or
rather lack of disfavor, with which it has been received
by the press. Even the Democratic papers, some
of them prominent, and in all leepects reputable, have
discussed it without a word of condemnation."

In dealing with the question of paternalism; the
editor of the Manufacturers' Record, which journal
represents important industrial, railroad and financial
Interests, sa j s :

"Many objections will be made to this bill of Mr.
Brownlow's. Some of these objections will come from
honest men — men who were taught a different theory
of government from that which exists to day. The
greatest objections, however, will come from two
classes — first, those who afftrct to regard it as pater-
nalism in the government, and those who belong to a
class of politicians who, to be consistent, must be nn
progressive; who sit in darkness on the dry branches
of a dead era and brood over the past, and hoot at
those who prefer to live among the green branches of
prosperity and influence. Such politicians as these
consider prejudices as an evidence of wisdom and
patriotism. They vent their indignation against all
v(ho do not sing the lugubrious song of their infinite
pessimism."

The objection raided becanse of the so called pater
nalism in this bill is puerile, inconsistent and irra
tional. It is pure demagogy. The regulation of
public affairs by the government is not paternalism.
The building of postoffices, the carrying of the mails,

the collection of the revenues, the regulation of com
merce and the building of highways, are all objects
in which every class is interet-ted. These things do
not enter into the private life of a citizen. Should
the General Government prescribe " what we shall
eat, or what we shall drink, or wherewithal we shall
be clothed," it would be paternalistic in character.
It would indeed be an enervating paternalism, de-
stroying individuality and repressing energy. The
government, in aiding to build roads, would stimu-
late industrial activity, while it would, at the same
time, arouse the highest ambition in the citizen, com
mand his lojalty and insure an ardent patriotism.

To illustrate that my bill is regarded as piacticable
by conservative men, I quote the following from Col-
man's Rural World, which represents the farmer of the
great Middle West, and which is edited by Hon.
Norman J. Colman, the first Secretary of the U. S.
Department of Agriculture :

"The feeling is growing that some sort of systemlzed
effort is necessary involving a broader scope than ha»
heretofore been generally accorded. That the effective
solution of the good roads problem is too great a task
for merely local effort, is shown by the futile results.
The business for constructing highways is a job the
average farmer should not be expected to tackle. He
has his hands full managing one business already that
rf quires all of his thought and most of his time. It
has been suggested that co operation of National,
State and local interests Is logical, practicable and
essential. The logic of State co operation is shown
by the fact that the benefits accruing from the estab-
lishment of public highways extend far beyond their
locality. Whatever the unit of organization, whether
8tat«, county, township or road district, there is no
doubt that concerted action is necessary, and that all
who share in the benefits should divide the costs.

"The invoking of National aid In building roads is
so expansive a topic that it would fill all the pages of
the Rural World and then run over. We have but to
say at this time that the most rational thing we have
seen in this connection is the bill Introduced in the
present Congress by Hon. Walter P. Brownlow, of
Tennessee. The fundamental principles of the bill
are sound and equitable It provides for the estab-
lishment of a bureau of public roads in the Depart
ment of Agriculture. This we have long advocated
as being the first step in the preliminary educational
w^rk which must precede actual business of organiza-
tion and construction.

"The Brow(jlow bill provides that the director of
this bureau may co operate with any State or county,
and that one half of the expense of road construction
shall be paid by the United States Government only
when the work actually progresses through local effort
and only when the road districts have raised the other
half required.

The constitutional provision is ample justification,
and the rural free delivery system demands National
aid. The tremendous growth of rural routes, and the
unanimity of opinion on their value in bringing about
the revolution in country life, encourage the belief
that the government will give this matter the serious
consideration that It deserves."

iSK)3.j

THE SOUTHBEN PLAIJITEB.

185

THE

Southern Planter

PUBLISHED BY

111 mwn PLANTER PUBLISHING GOIP'Y,

SIOHMOND, VA.

ISSDED ON 1st of EiCH MoNTH.

PUBLISHER'S NOTES.

J. F. JACKSON,

Eilitor and General Manager.

B. MORGAN SHEPHERD,

BTTSINESa Managbb.

TERMS FOR ADVERTISING.
Rate card furnished on application.

TERMS OF SUBSCRIPTION.
7lBe SontberB Planter is mailed to snb-
8 irlbers in the United States and Canada at
60 ••. per annam ; all foreign countries and the
O ty of Richmond, 75c.

Kemlttauces should be made direct to this
ounce, either by Reg^lstered Letter or Money
Order, which will be at our risk. When made
otherwise we cannot be responsible.

Wa Invite Farmers to write us on any
•Krlouiturai topic. We are always pleased to
receive practical articles. Criticism of Arti-
cles, Suggestions How to Improve Thb
Flantbk, Descriptions of New Grains, Roots,
or Vegetables not generally known, Partlcu-
ism of Experiments Tried, or Improved
Methods of Cultivation are each and all wel-
come. Contributions sent us must not be fur-
nished other papers until after they have ap-
Mared In our columns. Rejected matter wm
•• returned on receipt of postage.

Address— THE SOUTHERN PLANTER.

Jt/OHMOMO, VA.

Detail Index to Enquirer's
Column.

Fertilizer for Peanuts and Corn 165

Improving Land with Peas and Crim-
son Clover 165

Hogs Pasturing in Corn Field 166

Renewing Pasture 166

Stubap Pullers^Sweet Potato Slips —

■Tomato Fertilizer 166

Peas for Hogs 166

Cow-Peas and Corn as a Fodder
Crop — Crimson Clover — Sulphur

for Stock 167

Cow-Peas and Corn 167

State Grange — Marl —Mulching Po-
tatoes 167

Renewing a Pasture — Preparing Land

for Peas 168

Diseased Hogs 168

Plants Destroyed by Moles or Mice... 168

Crimson Clover— Rape 168

Ginseng 168

Silo— S'oring Cut Fodder 168

Kaffir Corn 168

Stump Killer — Disease in Hog —

Breeds of Hogs 169

Tobacco Growing 169

China Tree — Corn Breeding 169

Butter will not Come — Grass for Pas-
ture— Sorghum 170

Watermelons 170

Wood Ashes for Irish Potatoes 170

Alfalfa 170

Crimson Clover in Cow-Peas and

Kaffir Corn 170

Beans for Name 170

Cow-Pea and Sorghum Ensilage 170

Lump Jaw 170

Patronize Our Advertisers.

In this issue of the Planier will
be found advertieements from all
the old reliable houses with which
farmers in the South have been do
ing business in the past, and also
offers of goods from scores of others
who have never previously patron
ized our columns. We are most
anxious to make this advertising
pay our patrons, and therefore ap
peal to every reader of the Planter
to read the advertisements as well
as the body of the journal. To do
this will be a liberal education in
itself, and it will bring home to
every farmer wh*t an enormous
business is done with farmers.
When you require anything on the
farm just turn to the advertising
columns of the Planter and it is ten
to one that you will there find it
offered. Patronize these men. They
are reliable men or their adver
tisements would not be found in
the Planter. We will see that no
one who deals with our advertisers
is fleeced or faked. When you
write to any advertiser always say
you saw the advertisement in the
Planter This helps us to make the
journal more helpful to each farm-
er, as it ersures us the patronage
of the advertisers. We could not
afford to issue The Planter for 50
cents per year without a liberal
support from advertisers.

WITH OUR ADVERTISERS.

Dr. Cecil French wants all kinds of live
wild birds and animals. He has an ad.
elsewhere in this issue.

Messrs. Heatwole & Suter are offering
some nice Scotch topped Shorthorn cat
tie. Look up their ad.

Dr. R. K. Gregory, a well-known phy-
sician, has something very compliment-
ary to say in another column regarding
the Keeley Institute at Greensboro, N. C.

The Rife Engine Co. of New York re-
sumes its advertising with this number.
The Rife Hydraulic Ram is well known
to numbers of our readers, and to those
who have not investigated its merits, we
beg to suggest that they get a catalogue
at once.

The Call- Watt Co. is advertising Agri-
cultural Implements and Machinery in
this number.

'S "TRADE

Farm Seeds

are the best that can be obtained
—free from weed seeds and impur-
ities and of St ong germinat ng
qualities, it is very important if
you desire to -secure good f- lands
and good crops to purchase the
hiahest grade seeds obtainable.
This you can always do bv pur-
chasing "Wood's Trade Mark
Brand " of Farm Feeds.

Wood's New Seed Book for 1903

mailed on request tells all about

Vegetable and Flower Seeds,
urass and Clover Seeds,

Seed Potatoes, Seed Oats,
Tobacco, Seed Corn,
Cow Peas, Soja, Velvet and
Navy Beans, Sorghums,
Broom Corn, Kaffir Corn,
Peanuts, Millet Seed, etc.
Write for Seed Book and prices
of any Farm Seeds required,

T. W. WOOD & SONS,

Seedsmen, Richmond, Va.

Sows OF Drills

! Stevens
Fertilszer
i Sower

ills 200 tn

All Com-
mercial
Fertilizers

Broad Tired Wheels Make V-.^hi Draft

BelcKer Q Tayloj- A. T. Co.,
es Chicooee Falls, Mas:

Don't Mnnkey with ^'DCCDI CCO II
anything but the rCSlllLCOO)

If it is clean, unbroken
peas you want. The
•'PEERLESS "is easy to
operate.light to handle,
strongand durable, ele-
gantly finished. It will
clean peas to perfec-
tion, also millet, sor-
ghnni seed and velvet
beans. J. E. Sanders's
latest improved, fully
guaranteed. We pay
freights. Write to-day
for prices, address,
PEERLESS PEA HULLER CO., Box V, Gallon Ga

'-»ujsr

186

THE SOtrrflEEH PLAUTBB.

[March

A new advertiser in this issue is the
S. Freeman & Sons Mfg. Co. They have
a splendid windinill, in which our sub-
scribers sliouUi become interested.

The -Etna Life Insurance Co. publishes
its annual statement in another column.
If our readers will take the trouble to
compare this statement with the one
published last March, they will find that
this well known old company is getting
its share of life insurance.

Currie Bros., of Milwaukee, are adver-
tising clover seed, which it is claimed
will make 42 tons to the acre. In this
section, if we can make as many tons as
are represented by the first figure above,
we think we are doing well. This, how-
ever is Egyptian clover, which it is
claimed yields 42 tons to three cuttings.
It might be well to investigate this new
grass.

The Belcher & Taylor Agricultural
Tool Co. has two ads. in this number.
We invite the attention of our readers to
both of them.

Mr. Henry Blosser is advertising Short-
horns again with us this season.

Mr A. M. D. Holloway, Philadelphia,
has an ad. of the Hardie Spray Pumps in
this number. He is the Eastern repre-
sentative of this concern, as well as the
Lansing Tubular Silo, which will also be
found advertised in this issue.

We have a new advertiser of fencing
in this issue in the person of the Inter-
national Fence and Fireproofing Co. Look
np the card among the fence ads.

The Meadowvale Farm of Lutherville,
Md., is also a new comer in this issue.
There are two ads. of this firm— one
ofl'ering live stock and the other poultry.
It is worth while to look up these ads.

Some nice Line-bred Plymouth Rocks
are olfered by E. F. Somers.

The American Stock Food Co. ofifers to
send a trial package of its food under
conditions mentioned in its ad.

The B. B. Fence Co. of Racine, Wis., is
after the trade of the farmers of this
section.

A public sale of Thoroughbred Stock
at Hagerstown, Md., is booked for March
12th. Mr. H. L. Strite, manager of the

City op Toledo, \ ^^
Li'CAS County, /

Frank J. Cheney makes oath that he
is the senior partner of the firm of F. J.
Cheney & Co., doing business in the city
of Toledo, county and Stiite aforesaid,
and that said firm will pay the sum of
ONE HUNDRED DOLLARS for each
and every case of Catauuh that cannot
be cured bv the use of Hall's Catarrh
Curb. frank J. CHENEY.

Sworn to before me and subscribed in
mv presence this 6th day of December,
,>iL_, A.D. 1886.
/ 8KAL. \ A. W. GLEASON,

I ■_ . ' > Notary Public.

Hall's Catarrh Cure is taken internally,
and acts directly on the blood and mu-
cous surfaces of the system. Send for
testimonials, free. „ „ , , ^

F. J. CHENEY & CO., Toledo, 0.
Ii^Sold by druggists, 75c.
Hall'B Family Pills are the best.

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QUfCKHEAUm POWERS.

//V THE TRFATMENT OF DISEASES REQUIRING
AN EFFICACIOUS EXTERNAL ffEyfEDY.=^=^-

V.\^l\S:\MA^V\\i\iUV\m,

.,*-'**■■

cRi BRQSi^C?

SOLE PRO PR ( ETOP.S -^

BALTIMORE, m.a

-»» illWMfc «><St»fc,

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CO

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EXACT SIZE OF BOTTLE.

TAXLEL NO STrBSTITXTTE.

1903.J

THE BOUTHERN l-LANTKli

187

sale, haB a half-page ad. elsewhere in this,
number. Our intormation is that some
splendid stock in the shape of Shorthorns
and Berkshires is going to be offered. We
feel satisfied that any of our readers who
can attend the sale will tind it profitable
to do 80. For further particulars, look
up the ad. and address Mr. Strite

Some nicely-bred Red Polled cattle are
oflered by W. S. Foster, Blackeburg, Va.
Look up his ad. for further particulars.

Yager's Liniment, for nan and beast,
is advertised as usual in this number.
Nearly all the drug and country stores
hare it in stock.

Notice the change in the ad. of the
Forest Home Farm in this issue.

The International Stock Food Co. has
a full-page ad. elsewhere in this issue.
They are offering a large cash sum for an
article, for which any farmer or student
of an agricultural college can compete.
Look up the ad. and enter the oompe-
ti_tion.

The well-known house of the A. B.
Farquhar Co. has a couple of ads. in this
issue, to which we invite the attention of
our readers.

The Castalia Herefords are in nice
shape this spring, as evidenced by a let-
ter from Mr. Boocock and a half page ad.
of them in this number.

The Electric Wheel Co. of Quincy, 111.,
has two ads. in this number, to which we
ask the attention of our readers.

" How to Grow Melons " is the title of
a pamphlet, which B. W. Stone & Co.,
Tfaomasville, Ga., will mail free.

Yager's Sarsaparilla with Celery is
offered in third of a page space in this
issue. The makers furnish splendid tes-
timonials as to its value.

Fleming Bros., Chemists, 22 Union
Yards, Chicago, are advertising their
well-known remedies with us. Look up
the ad. and send for interesting free cata-
logue treating the various diseases of
horses and cattle.

The Bowmont Farms advise us that
they are having numerous inquiries for
large Yorkshire hogs.

The Pasteur Vacine Co. is advertising
its well-known Black Legine in another
column.

Look up the ad. of the Ames Plow Co.
They are offering a lot of useful and val-
uable tools for market gardeners.

Herefords and Do. sets are offered by
H. Armstrong.

Spravers are advertised by the F. B.
Smith 'iMfg. Co., Buffalo, N. Y.

Farm Bells, Spraying outfits and Farm
Machinery are offered by Eclipse Hard-
ware and Mfg. Co., Shiloh, Va.

Hurraw & Son have a Sprayer about
which they would like to tell our readers.

R. W. Haw, Jr. , of Centralia, Va., is
offering some nice Brown Leghorns.
Get his prices.

J. M. Hughes sends us a good recom-
mendation as to fair dealing with his
customers. He has two ads. elsewhere
in this issue.

The splendid Hackney stallion " Cis-
mont '" is making the season at Keswick.

FOUNDED

1802.

QOLD MEDALS :

Paris, 1900. Pan-American, 1901.

J^'^

For over a hundred years have been^universally recognized
as the standard of excellence. They received the GOLD
MEDALS (the highest award) both at the Paris Exposition
of 1900 and at the Pan-American, 1901.

QUP — the I02d successive annual edition — -con-

y^_|.^|_ _.-_ tains a more complete assortment and fuller
^*"Q'"y*J'^ cultural directions than any other seed annual
published. It is beautifully illustrated, not with highly colored
exaggerations, but with the finest half-tones from life photo-
graphs. It contains 128 large size pages, and in addition 16
full page half-tone plates, and is in every respect and with-
out exception the most complete, most reliable, and most
beautiful of American Garden Annuals. We will mail it free
on receipt of 10 cents in stamps, which amount may be
deducted from your first seed order. ....

MOPkCt ^"^^ invited to send for our special price-list

l^^^t^Hi^-n^ns °^ high-class vegetable seeds for truckers and
vlQI vIv-llCl ^ large market growers. It contains all sorts
of approved merit.

J. M. THORBURN & CO.^

36 Cortlandt Street NEW YORK.

The TomdLto

never has been produced that can equal in
flavor and fine form our

NEW CENTURY TOMATO.

Bred and trained for years, this tomato is extra large
and heavy, hardy, early, free from blight, and will not
crack nor scald. Pronounced by growers remarkably

solid, full fleshed and free from seed. The right size and color to bring the
price on the market, it pleases the eve and brings most money. Ships and
keepsunusually well. 800 bus. per acre is the record for this tomato and the
seed is all controlled by us. Write to-day forour new illustrated catalogue.
showing our New Leader Cabbage, Dark Fortune Cucumber. Ruby King
Ra.dish, Rocky Ford Cantaloupe, Alaska Peas, Valentine Beans. Gradus
» and all of our big line of garden and field seeds. It is free. Write r
J. BOLGIANO (S. SON. Dept. P 7. Ba^ltii

When corresponding -wltli Advertisers, al'ways mention
Tlie Southern Planter*

188

THE SOUTHERN PIANTBB.

[March

The No. 8
"PlaLnet Jr."

Horse Hoe and
C\i]tivator

is without doubt the best, best known
and most larsely used one horse cultivator
in ihe world. Th.re is not a civilized
country en the Blobe in which it is not
known and used. This could not be so
if it did not possess true merit and worth.
It has a laree number of atl.ichnients
which make it readily adaptable to all
u^es and nearly all crops. Note the two
standing upritht is for

the

idlh.

the

width of the _

The other lever operates the~wheci"an"d
depth recul.itor simultaneously to a ni-
of the very best materi-

al througho

ilh

ill last indefinitely,
ite with potato erowers. truck fanners
and {general farmers. It is but one of our
fifty seeding and cultivating implements,
including plain and combined Seed Sow-
f,"'„ .^^I'cel Hoes. Hand Cultivators,
W alkme Cultivators and One and Two-
horse Kiding cultivators. Special Sugar
Beet Tools, etc. Our new 1W3 catalogue
"■''."%■ „M '^' "!"'"S over 100 illustrations
wu.i full (lesciiptinns and prices. It costs
you nothing and will niake you money.
\\ iile lor It at once.
S.L. AT.T.KNft CO.,
Box ilof-X
Fhiladelphi:

GET ^ GOOD
W^IND MltL

Don't buy a poor wind mill. Dont
pay a double price. Send dirtrt lo
cur factory for catalogue of the

FreemaLn
Steel Wind Mills

and four post ancle steel towerc. A
cuiM! letc line of pumping ar.^ power
mills of the hichest crade at exlreme-
1> low prices. We can save you
money on a^oo<f article.
S. Freeman ® Sons Nf^. Co..
110 Hamilton St.. Elacine. Wis.

Wagon World Awheel.

Half a million of thvsse steel
wheels have been sent out on
our ow n wagons and to fit other
wagons. It is the wheel that
determines the life of any
wagon, and this is the longest
} lived wheel madr. Do yoti want
I a low down Handy Wagon to
iiseaboulthe place? Wewillflt
out your old wagon with Elec-
tric Wheels of any size and
any shnpe tire, ftraiL'ht or fitaK-
eere<l spokes. No rra'kt li tnibs. no
■nlien Iel|..e?, no resetting-. Writu for
„.^ ..,„ 'iinie. Ills tree.

Electric Wheel Co., Box 146 Quincy, Ills.

looa*^

Fee, $10, with the usual return privilege
or $15 to insure. There is a half-page ad.
(jf Mr. Lindenkohl, the owner, elsewhere
in this numher.

The F. S Peck Co. have an interesting
offer for poultrymen in another column.

MAGAZINES.

The frontispiece of the March Century,
a half-tone reproduction of the William
M. Chase portrait l)y John S. Sargent,
posses-sea unusual interest. This picture
of a noted American artist, the work of a
fellow-painter equally distinguished,
holds high rank among the best exam
pies of American portraiture, and, it is
hoped, will find permanent place in the
.Metropolitan Museum of Art in New
York City, a testimonial to Mr. Chase,
"on account of his unceasing devotion
to American students and American
art." Other illustrations of more than
ordinary interest in the March Century
are Ernest Blumenscheiu's eighteen
ctrawings of typical characters and scenes
vivifying Ray ^tannard Baker's "The
Great Northwest," G. W Peters' strong
sketches for Jacob A. Riis' " In the Gate
way of Nations,'' VV. L. Jacobs' sympa-
thetic picturing of " The Passmg of El-
kanah Ritter" and Fanny Y. Cory's
dainty coi.ceptions for jNIadieon Cawein's
" There are Fairies."

Ray Stannard Baker's series of articles
on "The Great Southwest," published
last year in the Century, won favor that
means a welcome for the new series on
"The Great Northwest," whose begin-
ning is the leading article in the March
Century. To many readers the story of
the Northwest's march of events, which
in the last eight years have moved "with
a rapidity which must always remain a
world's wonder," will have the charm,
aside from its picturesque telling, of land
and life as novel and unfamiliar as if
from another world. The illustrations,
froai drawings by Ernest Blumenschein,
add much to the interest and value of
the narrative. Jacob A. Riis' " In the
Gateway of Nations," contains authori-
tative information touching phases of life
little known to mott Americans, and
leaves the reader with a kindly feeling
for these humble pilgrims from the Old
World to the New. Allied in interest is
the article immediately following, Gus-
tave Michaud's "What Shall We Be?" a
discussion of the coming race in Ameri-
ca, illustrated from photographs furnish-
ed by the author. Our native stock, Mr.
Michaud says, is becoming a small mi-
nority, and the nature, exteat and prob-
able influence of the human current
flowing from the Old World to the New
are matters of vital importance. Mr.
Michaud's figures and inferences are fol-
lowed by comments thereon by Franklin
H. Giddings, Professor of Sociology at
Columbia University. George Buchanan
Fife'. "The So Called Tobacco Trust,"
another of the Century's notable series
on the great business combinations of the
day, is very readable.

St. Nicholas this month not only temnts
its young friends to read, but sets them
to thinking about their books and gives
them some helpful hints on how to read
for the best results. The editor of the

Ohamberlui Mfg. Co., Olean, N. T., D. 8. A.

stUtTpZ^"

PULLERS

All Sizes and Prices. Catalogue Free.
MOHLANO & COMPANY,

BURLINGTON, IOWA.

HERCULES STUMP PULLER

Clears an acre •f heavy tlmberland each day.
Clears all stumps in a circle of 150 ft. without
inoTiDg or changing machine. Strongest,
most rapid working and best made.
Hercules Mfg. Co.. 413 17thSt..Centr«vllle, lowi

bostboh's improved parm livel

Pafd IS02. „„„ ^„o WITHOUT TELtSCOPE

Is no MAKESHIFT, but the

Ditching and Driinage. Price
$S .and Jio, including Tripod
and Rod. Send for descriptive
circulars and Treatise on Ter-

Bostrotn, Brady Hfg. Co.,

W. Alabama St., Atlanta, Ga.

DEHORNER oSwnner
•PROVED — =^fe» Cuaranteetl

THOUSANDS IN USE. _^

Aak Tour hardw.ire dc.ilcr for them or WTlU
■• B. BBOWN MFG. CO., • • DEOATVlitlU*

IHE 80UTHEBI1 PLAJfTEK

18s^

orn Planting

aca tertiiizing go nana in band, w-k

You can plant in hills, drills or 0

^^_ checks and put in thegrround all com-

^CseC mercial or home made fertilizers in

any condition, as wet, lumpy, etc. with

THE ECLIPSE

Corn Planter and

Fertiiezer Distributer,

With Improved Row Marker.

Adaptedas well to Peas, Beans, Beets, etc.
Hills 6 to 45 inches apart. Distributes 50 to
■150 lbs. fertilizer per acre. Wide and easy
adjustment. Light draft, weight 150 lbs.
Ei^-y to handle, a model for accuracy and
durability. Investigate our Eclipse Two
Row Two Horse Planter. Agents wanted in
new territory. Write for circulars and terms.
BELCHER & TAYLOR A. T. CO.,

Box 25 ,Chlcopee Falls, Mass.

n^BAiSY&%^?or

'22 l> 33 1'irhes ar^rt. 8 extr% feed wheela for fertilizer a<
tachment drills 20 to6'J"> Ibsferiilizer per acre. Groand whpcl i:
front CI 1 be nisedorlowerpd f"r deep or shallow plantini
CitrarinjscaabesupTilipd for dropping: ordrilliD?peu5,)

cream

^^ All al...iu llii-in

SEPARATORS

aery. A. H. REID, Philadelphii

Book8 and Reariing department invites
the girls and boys to send in lists of the
book friends they have made since 1903
began, to tell whether they like or dis-
like "Water Babies," Lamb's "Tales from
.Shakespeare," and "Alice in Wonder-
land," with reasons for their judgment,
and to write, illustrating if they wish,
accounts of their favorite place for read-
ing, prizes being promised for the best
work. The clasBitioation of books as
"spectacles," "kaleidoscope" and "micro-
scope" books, and the suggestions on how
to read and t^st worth-while books should
be of great help to thoughtful girls and
boys.

The March Lippincott's Magazine con-
tains a new novel bv the author of "Fruit
Out of Sea'^on " This, Mary Moss' lates:t
story, is called "Julian Meldohia,' and
Lippincott's is again so fortunate as to
secure it. It is a story of society, yet
having a curious element not met with in
tlifi usual society novel. It is handled
wiih the characteristic breeziness and re
freshing vigor that was a strong feature
in Mii-8 Moss' eailier work, and critics
pre lict for her a future of no ordinary
kind.

There are niue short stories in the
March Lippincott's of plea ing variety
and bv many names well known in mag-
azinedom: Cy Warman's animal stories
ate as popular as are those of the "rail
road." This, entitled "The Fidelity of a
Dog " is strictlv good "Told After Din-
ner," by EUa'Middleton Tybout, may
'come home" to some Senator or Mem-
ber of Congress at Washington. Phrebe
Lvde calls her story "Tiberius the Tru-
ant," after a pet lamb, "Tiberius" A
neculiarly powerlul tale bv Clara Eliza-
beth Ward is callfd "The Regeneration
of Mary Mather." It ilirealens a tragedy
but ends happily. "The Other ^ide of
Boss," by Jerome Case Bull, is a spirited
story of a Western logging camp "Pis
cator and the I'eri," a young 6sherman's
love storv, is by Henry Wysham Lanier,
who is. bv the way, a son of the gifted
poet, Sidney Lanier. He possesses the
family talent in a marked degree. The
stock exchange is the scene of a remark
ably g)id storv called "The Bull in
Lamb-Skin," bv Edward Childs Carpen
ter. A story "of the mines of Clinton
Dangerfield, called "The Wheel of For-
tune," is a happy illustration of the best
man winning with a woman's timely aid.
The March n mber closes with an en
tr'acte entitled "Ten Minutes," by A. H.
Shirres.

In a paper by Mrs. Sara Yoke Steven-
son in ihe March Lippincott's Masiazine
some present day abni^es are lishtly
pointed out, interspersed with anecdotes.
The title is "Intellectual Communism"
Ebeii E. Rexfoid gives sound advice to
cities as well as villases in h s artii-le en-
titled "Rural and Village Improvement
Societies."

THE FENCE QUESTION.
The increased number of in(|uiries we
are receiving of late in regard to tlie best
and most economical means, evidences
the fact th t the question of Fencing is
one of the most important matter.^ in the
minds of the farmers to day, and that

Handy Farm Wagons

for both the l
Tiie tires being wide they do notcuti
the laborofioadins is reduced niani
of the short lift. They are equipped with our fam-
ous Electric Steel Wheel", eitheretraiprhtorstag-
per spokes. Wheels any height from 24 to 60 inches.
White hickory axles, steel hounds. Guaranteed to
carry 40110 lbs. Why not get started riphtby putting
in one of these wagons. We make our ateel wheels
to fit any wagon. Write for the catalog. It is free.
ELECTRIC WHEEL CO.. BOX 146, QUINCY, ILL.

FARMEtiOYS

3 your neighbors. We beat

rite at once for catalogue
;pticy plan. Acracker-
c^c Top lEoesy QAQ

J Economy Bukk} Co.,
iBor J Cincinnati, Oh loy<

OUR LOW HITCH DISC HARROW

Best, simplest, strong-
est and most il u r a b I e
DI^c Harrow made. All
steel. Double levers.
Low hilcb. Center
draft. All stzes
With or with-
out seeding
att-achments.
Write for cir-
culars and
prices
TOLEDO PLOW CO.,

Toledo, Ohio

Roderick Lean

FARM

Implements.

Made hy experience it5"
workmenof special ma
terial. Acknowledged li\
farmers superior to all

Sold OH Xlieir ^lerit-?.
Spike Tooth II inows Bprin„' Tn< th
- Harrows. Dl^c Han.
Land Rollers. Hand V:

rite for catalogae.

RODERICK LEAN I

MFG

COMPANY.!

Mansfield, Ohio.

Com Piantihg

done, as the fu-
For all purposes,
in any smi, on all kinds of
ground uothiug equals the

SPANGLER

CORN PLANTER.

u\^ \;^»Tf^iYn- crop. ^Yon

\v itliM: \vithout n-rtilizor

I'tti' l:i U'lUsSpanglorLow-
^n'd fVr'il.ljiT Drill. W i le fur c ,ial.« auj ore

SPaWGLEB IHaMUFACTIimilB CO., 50IQ en St., York, fa-
ult DtV eiC A WCCV And expenses to men
lit rfll ito fl ntCK ^-itb rigs to introduce

Poultry Compound.

INTERNATIONAL M'F'G. CO., Parsons, Kan.

190

fHB 80DTHBRH PLAKTJfiK.

i March

IF WE DID
NOT KNOW

OUR

SPRAYER

AND
SPRAYING
MIXTURE

the Best evt-r de-
vistd, we would
not buy expen-
sive space to tell
you about them.
WRITE TO-DAY and we will send
you a Book showing the benefits derived
by the use of our Mixtures and Spray-
ing Outfits.

Lenoi Sprayer & Chemical Co., Inc.

Dopt. 11 PITTSFIELD, MASS.

Gei the Best

I

THE ECLIPSE

poo.i pump. Asp
1 fruit growers

u^ing the com-
sprayers -" ""-

I

orchards— (ound
their defects and then iuvented
The Eclipse. Its. success
practifally forced us into man-
ufacturine on a lar^e scale.
You take no chances. We have
done all the experimenting.

Large fully illustratfd

Catnln^ir and Treatise
on Spraying— FREE.

MO K BILL A- MOBLEY. Benton Harbo

, Mich.

A BIG C ROP OF FRUIT

FREE- 3 tH^stal card will irin;^ it.

«. M. HOLLOWAT Eastern Agent
:^^^r^ Builden Eichange, Philidelphia

CPRAY PUMPC

■9 Save Mokky IB

^^ BY Brvi>G One of Ours. ^^
Tbey will do as macb work, being all brass
are lighter to bandle and are more durable,
will generate ft higher pressure thereby mak-
ing them the esiHlesl pumps to operate on ihe
market. Write forcatj^log and get treatise on
spraying free, .^senl* wanieil. Mention Ibis
p«per. J. F. Gatlord Siiccesttr to P. C. Lewli
Manufacturing Cempan). Catsklll. N. C.

Hrausers' Liquid
Extract of Smoke

^ntui^r^ Iin-ftt I^Tfvrlly In a

, .Made f rum hickory wood.

iirliiiousllavor. Cleaner, cheafer. So

Btiiokebouse nwnled. !^eud for firvular.

E. KK.tl >KK Jl IIBU., MIIIoo, Pa.

more thoaght is being given to it each
year. There ie nothing a fanner can so
foolishly waste money on, or that oflEers
a greater field of econbtny, than the item
of Fencing. A cheap fence in quality, as
well as in price, is not economy, but a
good and strictly up-to-date fence in every
particular at a reasonably low price is
true economy. In thfa day and age of im-
provement tiieoriinary fence is not good
enough for the the progressive farmer.
It takes something more than the ordi-
nary, and the fencing made by the Coiled
Spring Fence Company, Winchester, Ind..
it is claimed, fills all these requirements.
All of the line wires are of high-carbon
coileii spring wire, making it self-regula-
ting in every particular. It is sold to the
farmer at wholesale price, and is within
reach of all. It is. as adTertised, bull-
strong and chicken-tight, and sold at a
price below many of the styles of fence
now on the market. The Coiled Spring
Fence Company, Winchester, Ind., whose
advertisement you will find elsewhere in
this isau«, will take pleasure ia sending
any one (»talogue and full particulars
regarding this Fencing for the asking.

PROF. BLAIR OX SPRAY OUTFITS.

In his address before the Apple Grow-
ers Congress, at its first meeting in St-
Louis in November last. Prof. Blair made
these sensible statements in regard to
spraying outfits :

" I would say we must be careful about
the apparatus we use in spraying. Just
any old pump and any kind of nozzle
will not do. We must have the best ap-
paratus obtainable, and must use a pump
of great power, to produce the mist-like
spray which is so necessary. As commer-
cial growers, we must consider the ad-
visability of using more power.'ul pumps
than many of us have been using. And,
too, we must pay more attention to get-
ting the mixture properly made. Thase
are the details of spraying to which I
would ca'il especial attention."

The Field Force Pump Company, of
Elmira, N. Y., claim for their sprayers
magnificent power, which, with their ex-
cellent nozzles, make the finest, most
mist-like spray, covering all sides and
every part of leaf, fruit and flower. Their
automatic agitators keep the mixture
thoroughly stirre i, preventing spoiling
foliage with too much poison The au-
tJmatic brushes used on their agitators
prevents the clogging of the pump or
nozzles.

IN 1845 AND NOW.

The inside front cover of the Deering
''Golden Era" catalogue for 1903 contains
a story without words. .\ section of the
Ch cago River as it was in 1S45 is pic-
tured. It shows an Indian wigwam, In-
dians in canoes and upon the banks of
the river ; there are no signs of civiliza-
tion.

On the same page is shown the river at
the same point, as it is to-day, ftill of ships
and lined with docks. The banks con-
tain the great Peering works, S5 acres of
buildings and a veritable hive of indus-
try. A marvelous change and one that
has taken place in less than fifty years.

T IS beyond qjcsiion the most perfect and effective
SPRAYER and FIRE EXTINGUISHER ever
vrnied. and supplies a universal want In vanety of
Tvice. stmplictly of constructron and ease of opera-
yn. It has no equal Ask for catalo^e and price,
hich costs you nothing AGENTS WANTED^

F.B.SAMTH AVFG.CO.,

355 MAIN ST. BUFFALO. N.Y.

A Kant-Klog

SPRAYER

We want to send into every town ^^I^^T^T
and county a sample of our now ^F M%M^^^
sell-operating Kant-Klog Sprayer.
No farmer, fruit or vej^iable grower can afford to
be without one. They mcrea.«e crops both in quan-
tity and qualirv. and double vour vearly profit,

TO AGENTS: ff^i^^.tr^ l:.".';,"."

sold and delivered 660 machines ao.i has 100 more sold for
later deliTenr. With the complete detailed io*inicti©BS»e send

Foi'farther'informatioa *.infess,

RoctiesterSprayPumpCO.. 21 East Av. Rochester. N v

e SPRAY PUMPS

Save your fruit and make
money. The Daisy is 15 yrs. old
and 200,000 in use. Has every im-
provement—rubber hose, perfect
nozzles and valves. >'o l.tln tl..50;
!, iron.?'-: No. 5, brass, $4. We pay ex-
press. Agents wanted. Catalogue free.

HL'RRAW & SON, Box 2, Wilmot, Ohio.

FREE

From ansieiy over
wash dav, are all who
use a OILLEY QUE'EN
WA HER We guaran-
tee it to be the best. A
trial machine sent at
factory price. Agents
wanted for exclusive
territory. Write for

cataiogue with full description. We will

surei>' pleai-e you.
LYONS WASHING MACHINE CO.. Lyons, Mich.

Mention th? So^Mhrm Planter when
writing advaiisera.

1903.]

THE SOTJTHEEN PLAIITEK.

191

THE "LANSING" PERFECT
TUBULAR SILO

IS THE BEST SILO MADE.

A. M. D. HOLLOWAY

Builders' Exchange, Phila., Pa., D.

Write for Catalogue and price.

S. A.

YOU OUGHT TO KNOW BETTER

About the B B. Stays. They make a cheap
strong fence with barber coil wire. Easily
bandied as nails, self locking, can't slip,
and no machine necessary. Tbey are made
of heavy, hard wire, and won't wlit down.
Try a basketful to stiffen the old fencing
(barb or woven wire), and you will use
nothing else to build new fence. We sell
coll wire too. The B. B. FENCE CO.,

14th and Clark Sis , Racine. Wis.

WIRE fence;

Heavy lateral wires, heavy hard steel st«yB,
oolled iprlns wire, Sure Grip lock. In strength,
•ppearanoc, and durability, the Hard StMI
onset be excelled. Write for cataloene and
prioei. THE HARD STEEL WIRE FENCE CO .

Cuyahaga Falls, Ohio

■^ - f ■ f Genuine spiral Spring wire
Ji=r==t^ FENCES HND GATES

denier does not have our

;k \'ou can buv direct

jf.icturers" Price. Write

logue and secure agency.

INTERNATIONAL FENCE AND F. CO-
Columbus, Ohio.

Caives Fenced

■with Page Fence never pjrow in'.o bre.vcby cattle.
fA(iElH)VK.\ IVIUKKKXCKCO., .4llltlA>,JlICH.

THE CHIEF CONSTRUCTIVE FORCE
IN AGRICULTURE.
Two generations ago our grandfathers
harvested their wheat and oat crops.with
the McCormick Reaper; and little did
they dream that the crude naachine they
used then would be the forerunner of
such marvellous advancement in the
methods of harvesting grain as has been
developed in recent yeare. To-day more
than two and one-half million agricultu-
rists harvest their crops with McCormiek
machines. Since 1831, the year in which
the first successful reaper was construct-
ed in a blacksmith shop at Steele's Tav-
ern, Va., the McCormick has been one of
the chief constructive forces in develop-
ing the agricultural resources of the
world. For more than three-score years,
the McCormick has represented the
highest attainment in the manufacture of
harvesting machines, and this name has
become a household word throughout
the world. ''A Model Machine " is the
title of a new book which has just come
from the press. It is an interesting pub-
lication, and should be in the hands of
every one who needs or operates a har-
vesting machine. When writing, please
mention the Southern Planter, 9.nd ask for
a 1903 McCormick Calendar, if you have
not received one, which will be sent, to-
gether with the book, without charge.
Address the nearest McCormick agent.

THE ^TNA LIFE.

The .(Etna Life Insurance Company of
Hartford, Co'-in., publishes in another col
umn its fifty-third annual statement.
This shows that the business done in
1902 was one of noteworthy growth in
every direction, and the resulting big
figures put the ^Ema Life as the leader
among the great life insurance companies
of New England.

The total premium income for the year
was the large sum of $10,224,260, and the
total pavments to policy holders was the
sum of $6,368,099.

The detailed statement of the company
shows that the investments of the iEtna
are conservatively and wiseh' made, and
the abundant strength of the company is
recognized by all familiar with financial
matters. Its president, in fact, as well as
in name, is Ex-(;tovernor Morgan G.
Bulkeley, who has given its afl'airs his
closest attention. When he became its
head twenty vears ago its assets were
about $25,000,000. To-day they are about
$63,500,000. Under his management the
iEtna has developed into its present great
proportions, and it stands a proof of his
and his associates' large business and ex-
ecutive ability.

THE ACME HARROW.

Mr. Daane H. Nash, of Millington, N.
J., the maker of this well known harrow,
desires us to call attention to the unusu-
ally favorable conditions under which
this harrow is sold. It is sent to any
farmer who will order it, and he will be
allowed ample time to try it on any kind
of ground under any conditions.

As Mr. Nash has distributing points
throughout the country, there will be no
delay in getting a harrow promptly.
Look up his advertisement in this issue.

Announcement

Wehaveobtaineilthe Court's decree apainst two
additional niuuuiiiciurers who have been infring-
ing our patent. Tlie rule of law is : ''The maker,
seller or user of an infringlne device are all liable
in damage3 to the owner of the patent infringed.'*
The Janesville JIachine Co. and the Keystone
Farm Machine Co. are the only lirms licensed to
use Ajlat tooth covered by our patent, and we
ilnally warn sellers and usersof all otber makes. So
admirably ha vethe 6(J,ouu"Hallock" Weedersdone
the work for whirh they were designedLthat one
maker after another sought to copy it. Hoi\-ever,
by the various Courts' decisions, these makers are
compelled to abandon the manufacture of a
Weeder liaviner flat teeth, and they are now ex-
perimenting with other shapes: but it is the flat
tooth that made the "Hallock" Weeder famous,
and in view of the manner in which our patent lias
been sustained, itis dangerous to use an infrintring
tooth. Write for descriptive circulars and pnces.
HALLOCK WEEDER & CULTIVATOR CO.,
Box 839 York, Pa.

^i^^^^^L^^ LAWN FENCE

Many deeigms. Cheap L
wood. 32 iiago Cataloem*
free. Specl.lPrltestoCeme-
UrleBOiidChDrchei. Addreaa
COILED SPEISG FISCK CO.
Box y, WUielieiter, I»t

FENCE!

STROKGESr
MADE, Boo-

Btponff. Chiekea-
tight. Sold to the Farmer at Wholrsato
FrifM. FdHt Warranted. Catalog Fre«.

COILED SPRlXfl FBSCB CO.,
Box 69 Vlncfaester, Indiask, C. S, !•

WE'LL PAY THE FREIGHT

^d send 4 UosEf »ki'i-l«. Sle«l Tir« o., - »T.2»
J With Eubb.r Tire., glo.OO. I mtg. wh<!.l. ?i lo 4 i>.
J tr..d. Top Buggle.. $28.75; H.m..s, »3.60. Wme fol

.talonue. L.trn h.w lo huj i-€hiole. Md p.ru direct.

•.6on CmDrella FBEK. W. V. BOOB, ClaetoMU, O.

19<

THE SOUTHERN PLANTBE.

(Ai»t.tli

tooAatjgiSj^ FARM "><<*». li-l's-

SEEDS

SALZER'S SEEDS HZVER FAIL!

1, 000,0S0 Customers

in.l V.-l V ■ ,1 ■ ■ .. _■ : 1 : ■ - :■: WO

l-'»:r'.>, Iv .1 V 1 ■. - . ■•! IIP-. I- ;iiia Ijciico

$1 aOO for lOc.

1 Wcv, 111 mail 1

of ir

awnke farmer ci-
'"r Willi many fan.i
^L .' . nt !, Ueanlless r. ■ r

1^ Sl.M-i I ) i-t a M:.iI V ah, ^
I'na of IfutliM:.

!•■.•'.■ .I^IT.

^ISKH

For Every Climate.

That Is our business. We crow an.l sell you what
has been developed anrl is Rdnpf.'il to your par-
ticular section. Norib.Sout!i,i;ttStan.l West.

GRIFFITH & TURNER'S

TESTED SEEDS

drt not depen i tn oictiMive n

plump, fi-e
•ry a eomp!
Dairy Kupplie

ih, 1;

ii,P<

-V doi:or
.ipe. W,
iiHi-y aiu

free. Hondso

GRIFFITH & TURNER '

SEEDS.

SEEn POTATOES,

QARDEV SEED,

FIELD SEED.

DGGSJ BEADLES, Seedsmen,

1711 E. Franklin St.,
RIGHKOND, - VIRGINIA.

Send fo Catalogue.

FIVE=EAR COi^N

I have beoD planting: this corn for 4
or ^ years, and never expect ti> plnnt
any other kind. On onlnary land It
maHeR from is to 30 bushels per acre.
On i;^ "cres la»t year I gathered over
70 bUHhels. It Is a firm, while corn,
and keeps well; ears under meditiiu
slz". Averages about three ears to the
stalk, Koiiie stalks havjnir as many as
flveand six ears. Kvery fanner ought
to plant It. .Senl 15 cents in stamps
for a -tart— enought to make >ou two
or three hu'heU. Will send one peck
by express, collect, for 75 cents.

W. M. HOBBY,

Sylvania, Ga.

GINSENG SEED

Weotler for sale a llmiied quantity of fresh
seed, which we gnarantee to be Urst niialltv,
110 per 1.000 A(ldre»p.

COMMERCIAL GIBSEHG CO., Crozet. Va.

THIRTY-SIX YEARS OF CONTIN-
UOUS SUCCESS.
Just think what that lueans. Thirty-
six lon^ yeas in business, each year
more euccesefiil tlian the previous one,
with never a backward movement, always
growing larger, ever increasing in popu
iar favor. How many that were doing
business thirty six years ago are even in
existence todav? Very, very few. In
this age of development and fierce com-
petition, a concern must do business
right, treat its customers right and sell
what is right, to even hold its own much
less advance. To do otherwise means
that the concern of to- day is likely to be
out of the running to-morrow. The grave-
yard of business failures is full to over-
flowing. But thirty-six years of contin-
uous success and still growing. Think
of it! How has it been accon plished?
In just one way. By seiing absolutely
pure whifkey, direct from our own dis-
tillery to the consumer, saving him the
enormous profits of the dealers, and car-
rying out to the letter every statement or
offer we make, thereny creating a confi-
dence with our over a quarter of a mil-
lion satisfied customers that cannot be
broken. Read our offer elsewhere in
this journal. The Hayner Distilling Co.

"THIRTY Y'EARS SELLING
DIRECT."
This is the headline with which our
friends the Elkhart Carriage and Harness
Manufacturing Co. of Elkhart, Ind., an-
nounces their readiness for this season's
campaign. To have been continuously
in businef s for so long a time and all that
time to have been selling direct to the
consumer, is in itself noteworthy and
speaks louder than anything else of the
high quality of their goods and their
honorable and liberal methods in deal-
ing with t leir customers. The Elkhart
people make every vehicle and harness
they sell, and sell only to the consumer.
Tlieir catalogue is illustrated with large
photographic views of the latest styles
and will be sent free to any reader of this
journal. Write today and address as
above.

MARCH ON!

The artistic hanging calendar of the
Champion Harvesters begins with the
spring month and carries one clenr
through to the next spring. It shows a
handsome farm team refreshing them
selves at the watTins; trough, and is ir
brilliant colors and handsome enough to
please every one. This art calendar is
offered fr.-e fo all of our readers who will
send their name on a po-tal to Champion
Division, International Harve.»ter Co of
America. Ctiicago, and make request for
same. We know this is an opportunity
of which many will take advantage.

1,000,000 CUSTOMERS.

The J. A. Salzer Seed Company, of La
Crii.~se, Wis., claim to have Ibis vast
number of patrons. When you vOme to
think of it, there must lie a "why." An
inspection of their new catalogue migtit
throw some light on the sul ject. Send
for it, and refer to their advertisements
and see what tempting offers they make.

CLOVER

To the Acre.

42

^V Mb F.>jui>i;an Cl-nrr—nirecAfrum the

" ""^ .\,tc y,:ii,->,.

Impui ted by us into tli- Unuid Slates for t he
liisctuiie. Readytocut48 daysaftersow
ins. First cuttiM,' II t n-i. sei.-uud <nittini,' 1.5
tiins, thi il. 1:1 t-.ms c.r Qvcen l..r.i;re per a.-re,
all in one soas.m. The Dept. of Agriculture
at NN'ashinKton publishes a special bulletin
cndorsmg it. The supply nf seed isliniited.
Write at once if interested. Price per lb.
;;■'<-■; 1111 us, i'J.Ki; l'il)ll,s, S3(i.(W.

LAHGE ILLUSTRATED CATALOG

describing; this wonderful Clover and a thou-
sand (tiicr things of gnat value to the
Farmer or Gar..!, uer. mailed free. Write now.

CURRIE EJ83S,^,5?uV.'u"KE\rwTi:

APPLE TREES

« ^.^ « «

The Bonavlsla Nurseries will have soma
•xceptionall.v One apple trees for orchard thl»
year. Wine Saps. Paragon (M. B. Twig),
York Imperial (J. F. Winter), Albemarl&
Pippin, etc.

We did not have a complaint last season.
Every tree Is perfec and guaranteed, taken
from the nursery block the day it Is shipped,
carefullv packed.

Our prices are the lowest.

CHAS. F. HACKETT, Manager,

Qreenwood, Va.

Georgia Melon Seed.

"HOW TO GROW MELONS,"
FREE.

B. W. STONE & CO., Thomasville, Qa.

Mention THE Southern Planter.

Strawberry Plants

We grow them on virgin soil, conse-
quently they are fr-^e from disease and
true to name. Lea ing varieties, 81.65
per 1,000 and up. Every one says we
nayethetinest plant- bed they ever saw.
25 acres in plants. Circular free.
JOHN UGHTFOOT. - Sherman Heights, Tenn.

MONEY IN STRAWBERRIES

If you get Good Pjl.\nts. One of my cus-
lomeiblhe past season sold JtiOO.OOworth of
St raw berries from one acre. I sold him the
plants for 120. You can do the san.e If you
buy the best — and that's the kind I have.
Catalrg ! H. LIGHTFOOT, Ch ttamoga. Tenn.

LATE SEED II^ISM POTATOES
— FOR SALE. —

1002 was another good year for the
CLAREMONT PEACHBLOW POTATOES.

A late variet.v. has been crown here for 10
yrs. or more, and never failed to make a crop
when planted July first yields from 15 • to a»
bUB. 10 the acre. See description in last May
issue of thi.s paper. Price, $3.60 per bbl., f. o. b.
here, as long as stock last.

J M. HUGHES, riaremont Surry Coun>y. Va.

Mention the SoiUhern Planter when cor
responding with advertisers.

1»03 J

THB BOUTHBEN PLAJSTEK.

193

ELMWOOD NURSERIES.

ASPARAGUS

100,000 2-yr.-old Asparagus roots,
5 varieties A special rate of $3-50
per 1000 for 2 mos. for BARB'S,
PALMETTO, CONOVEB.

APPLES

A large general assortment, in-
cluding WINESAP8 and YORK
IMPERIALS.

Splendid Assortment of

Ornamental, Shade

and Pruit Trees.

EGGS

from B. P. Rrckg, Light
Brahmas, Brown Leg-
horns at $1 OU per 13.

WRITE FOR OUR CAT.4L0GUE

J.B.WITKIHSSBRO.,Hallsboro,*a

WINES APS

I have for sa'e several blocks of the
finest two-year old Winesaps .\pple treee
ever grown in the State The trees are
well branched and measure from five to
eight feet in height Trees are dug from
the nursery the day they are shipped.

8c. each for the finest in lots under 100.

7c. " " " '• •' over 100.

6 to 7c. wholesale.

CHAS. P. HACKETT, Manager.

Bouavista Nurseries,
Albemarle County, Greenwood, Vs.

ONION SEED.

We are large growers of Ouion Seed,

and cau quote attractive prices.
Write us wliea you are ready to buy.
Established 1876.
SCHILOER BROS., - Chillicothe, O.

Improved Golden Dent. Ears measur

Ing from 10 to 14 inches in length.

Price, Jl.OO per bushel,

J. F DURRETTE. Birdwood. Alemarle Co.,Va.

SK^o czoFinr.

300 bushels of Albemarle Prolifle Corn,

.?1.0O per Dus. at d»-pot.

L. B. JOHNSON. - Red HiM. Albemarle Co., Va.

MARK YOUR STOCK.

Use the

KENTUCKY ALUMINUM EAR LABEL.

Made by F. H. Jackson & Co., Winchester.
Ky. Write to tnem for free samples.

POPULARITY OF THE "IRON AGE"
FARM IMPLEMENTS.
The fact that "Iron Age" Farm and
Garden Implements are built of good
materials, on sound mechanical princi-
ples, and that they contain all the la'est
improvements, is" what has made them
famous from one end of the country to
the otlier. So great has been the de-
mand for these products, that the manu-
facturers found the greatest difficulty the
past season in supplying it. And fore-
seeing, for the season just opening, an
even greater call upon their resources
these have been greatly enlarged, both
plant, machinery and stock of raw mate-
rials, an.i they are now able to meet any
demands that may be made upon them.

No. 6 Iron Age Combined Double and Single
Wheel Hoe Hill and Drill Seeder.

The manufacturers of the Iron Age
tools have just issued an enlarged cata-
logue, showing more comp'etely than
any previous one, their full line. Old
friends among farm and garden imple
ments are there found, but to the num-
ber are added many new and interesting
members of the family, which must still
further extend the fame an 1 sale of the
"Iron .Age" tools.

Any one interested should obtain a
copy of this Iron Age Book for 1903 by
writing to the Bateman Mfg. Co., Box
167, Grenloch, N. J.

A LONG RIDE.

" Old Salt" was interested in the first
railroad that was built in the State— a
very crude line, forty miles in length.

After it had been operated for years
the companv was sued for damages. Old
Salt was called as a witness for the de
fence. Counsel asked a question during
his examination of Salt which seemed to
the judge to make it proper for p aintiflf's
counsel to go into the general reputation
of the roa i. He asked if it were not true
that numerous accidents had happened
on the line.

" N-n-never knew but wu-wu wu-one,"
was the answer.

"And what was that. Mr. Williams?
Explain the character of it in full, please."

"A mi-mi-mimiddle aged gi-gi-gi girl
eoton thet-t-t-train at P-p-p Pontiac, and
d d-d-died of old age before she got to
De-de de Detroit." — Henry M. WiLTSE.m
Lippincolt's Magazine for March.

Poet— That fool editor said I would
never write well until I had a great sor-
row, but I showed him.

Wife— Showed him what?

Poet — Our wedding certificate.

'0 make cows pay. niie Sharpies Cream Separators'
Book "Business Dairying" 4 Cat. 305 free. W
Chester, Fa.

Glootl's Caustic Pofamh WtaaH*
Oil Soap, TXo. 3.

It also prevents Curl Leaf. Endorsed bj ma-
Lomologists. This soap is a fertilizer as wrL-
as Insecticide. 50 lb. kegs, $2.50; 100 lb. keg»
M.50. Half barrels, 270 lbs., at S^c. per lb
barrels, 425 lbs., at SMc. Large quantltlM.,
tpeclal rates. Bend for circular.

JAMES GOOD,

939-41 N. Front St., ^hilaoelpmi*. rx.

, Axle Grease tife^woSd.

> Its wearing qualities are unsurpassed, ao- \
< tnally outlasting 3 bxs. any other brand, ,
' Not affected by heat. a9~Get the Genuin
|wv FOB SALE BY ALL DEALERS. '

Llln

AGRIGULTURAL
and BUNDERS'

Send for Circulars and Price-Llst,

FELLSW08%TH Li»AE WORKS

REEVES CATT, Atent,

Bodley, Augusta County, Va.

S.BJDKINS&GO.

4 and 6 Governor Street,
* RICHMOND, VA.

EXPERT BOOKBINDERS

and Commercial Pnnters.

194

THE SOUTHERN PLANlBli.

[March

Life and Accident Insumnce.
^^A ANNUAL STATEMENT.

(Condensed.)

/Etna Life

Insurance Company,

HARTFORD. CONN.

MORGAN G. BULKELEY. President.

Assets, Jan. 1, 1903.

Prerainm receipts in 11102,

Interest receipts in 1902,

Tolal receipts In 1902, -

Payment to Policy Holders
In 1902,

Legal Reserve, on Policies,
and all claims, -

Special Keser\e in addition
to Reserve above given, -

Guarantee Fund in ex-
cess of Requirements
b Company's Stand-
ard, - - - - .

Guarantee Fund in ex-
cess of Legal Require-
ni«nts, - - . .

Life Insurance issued and
revived in 1902, -

Life Insurance in force
Jan 1, 1903, .

Accident Insuran
force Jan. 1.1903, - -199,650,204.00

Paid Policy holders since organization,
$132.383.973 96.

$63,493,545.73

■ 10,224,260.93

2,592,539.16

12,816,800 09

6,368,099.76

55,879,111.68

2,113,933.00

5,500,501.05

7,604,434.05

30,489,838.00

213,762,977.00

MEIGS & HEISSE. Mgrs.,
Herald Building, Baltimore, Md

W. W HAHDWICKE,
General Agent for Eastern and Cen-
tral Virginia,
No. 7 N. Tenth St , Richmond, Va.

J. B. MOOBE & CO.,
Gen. Agents, Accident Department

W-flLWrXJED \

Practical poultryman deslrescorespondence
with men liavlns; <rapital with a view of es-
tebllshing a Fkki.v Dcck RANcu-ralsing
ducklings forthc- early marhcLs. .Many having
the means and water facllllles do not realize
that there Is -uch a large profit on the capital
Invested in this business. Best of references
as to ability and chiracter. Adi)Kk.ss
C J., CARE SOUTHERN PLANTER.

Law and Collection issociation,

Established 1884. Claims collected
in all parfja of the United States.
No collection — no charge.

P. 0. Box 503. 905 Ji East Main Street,
RICHMOND. VIRGI.VIA.

A NEAT BINDER for vour back
numbers can be had for 25 cents. Ad-
dress the Business Office.

AN OPEN LETTER FROM DR.
GREGORY.

Grbe.n-sbobo, N. C, Jan. 1, 1903.

Col. W. H. Osborn, President

The Kreley Inslilute, Greensboro, N. C. :

Dear Colonel, — I send you this letter to
congratulate yon on the success of your
work with Tlie Keeley Institute.

Like all other good and grand discove-
ries and inventions in the healin; art,
Tlie Keeley Trenlmtnt, now so well known
and successfully used, met with bitter op-
position, but it has lived and flourished,
proving that " Truth is mighty and will
prevail."

Eleven years ago, October, 1S91, The
Keeley Institute was opened in Greens-
boro, N. C, under your management.
Being a jiracticing physician of the city,
and having the pleasure of the acquaint-
ance of the gentlemanly officers of the
Institute, and feeling the greatest interest
in the practical testing of the discovery
of Dr. Keeley, I watched with cl Dse care
the results ; and I unhesitatingly say, that
from my personal knowledge and personal
observation of the Keeley Treatment, in
cases in which it is indicated, that it is
the best and most suc>;es9ful plan of cure
now known. Facts prove the truth and
value of it.

Year after year the good work and suc-
cess have rewarded vour eflferts. Business
has steadily incieased. The year just
ended shows a registration of 20f patients
with a total of 3,500 sin:e the Institute
was opened. Over 100 men from Greens-
boro and Guilford county have been cured
and returned to their families and homes,
and patients have been received from
nearly every State in the Union. It
would be a great pleasure if I could tell
of the joyful and glad hearts this Insti-
tute has made, but I know that words
cannot express the gratitude t-at the
manj' wives, mothers, children, and
friends have felt at the restoration of
their loved ones. In my own heart I re-
joice with you and ask G'^d's blessings on
The Keeley Institute and its officers.

In the management of the Institute
every auxiliary is used. The officers
know that the patient is diseased from
drink or drugs, or both, and the co opera-
tion of the patient must be had in his
treatment. He is a sick man. and must
be treated as such under the direction and
guidance of that skilled resident physi-
cian— Dr. B. B. Williams.

The Institute is an ideal home, the
splendid residence of Gov. Morehead.with
all to make it attractive and every com-
fort and convenience which modern in-
vention has brought out. In connection
with the Institute and f)r its use is a
magnificent farm with its fine Jersey cat-
tle, poultry, etc., to supply the Institute
with the ne.'essariesand luxuries to build
up the broken-down man.

It is 3 wise and essential requirement
that the patient must reside in the Insti-
tute while undergoing treatment, where
all necessary influences lan be brought
to bear upon him and under the kind and
watchful care of its officers.

Now, in conclusion, I congratulate you
again, and assure that I feel the deepest
interest in the Institute and its continued
success and prosperity, and will always

SCRATCH!

SCRATCH!

SCRATCH !

From morning till night. Hot 1 Itch-
ing ! Sore ! Ashamed to be seen 1 Face
covered with pimples. Hair falling outl
Who isn't sorry for the auflferer from
eczema?

And it is so unnecessary! There's a
cure for eczema as sure as to-morrow will
follow today. YAGER'S SARSAPA-
RILLA WiTH CELERY gets right
down to the source of the disease — the
blood. It draws out the impurities,
which otherwise would come through
the skin. It puts functional activity in
such perfect order that each part of the
system does it work and does it well.

A. A. Wilson, of Portsmouth, Va.,
was affiicted with eczema and itching
sores. He writes : " Permit me to thank
you for the great benefit I have derived
from the_taking of YAGER'S SARSA-
PARILLA WITH CELERY. My body
was broken out all over with pimples
and sores; and my flesh constantly
itched. I heard of YAGER'S SARS.i-
PARILLA WITH CELERY, and the
wonderfol cure it has made for others,
and concluded to give it a trial Toe re-
sults are most satisfactory. My face is
becoming as smooth as an infant's."

If you are troubled in any way with
any disease resulting from impure blood,
you can absolutely relv on YAGER'S
SARSAPARILLA to effect a cure. Try
it. You can get it at anv drug store, 60
cents a bottle. Made by Gilbert Bros.,
Baltimore, Md.

►^ IT STOPS
THE COUGH

" The quickest remedy for a cough I
ever saw,'* is the way one Maryland
maiden expresses her appreciation of
HONEY-TOLU. It stops the cough al-
most instantly. It cures the cold
quickly. It benefits the health perraa^
nently. Sold by all druggists. 2oc. a bot.

h.

(ilLBKKT BROS. & CO.,

BALTIMORE, MD.

WHAT /igtmiT _— ^

GLEASON'S

HORSE AND CATTLE

POWDER?

HAVE YOU TRIED IT YET?

1903.]

THE 80UTHEEN PLANTER.

195

Tobacco Profit

Seventy-one dollars a
cents per acre was
crease in value of the
CO grown at the Kentucky
Agricultural Expe
Station, by feedinj
growing crop with
hundred and six
pounds of

NITRATE
OF SODA

costing less than
four dollars.
Every tobacco farmer

ing how i

will bring
telling abo

WILLIAM S. MYERS, BIr
Boom la John Street, NEW TOKK.

A Package of the Famous

American Stock Food

FREE.

Send us the names of ten of the best
farmers and stock raisers in your vi-
cinity, and we will mail you. post-paid,
a sample package of American Stock
Food.

THIS IS THE GOMINS STOCK FOOD.

Every package guaranteed.

Every fu 1-tized package baa on it
picture of Uncle Sam. None genuine
without.

AMERICAN STOCK FOOD CO , Fremont, Ohio.

Fistula and
Poll Evil. . .

You can
treat these
diseases
yo urseif
and cure them in 15 to 30 days. B'lcm-
ing's Fistula and Poll Evil Cure is easy
to apply, perfectly safe to use, and
your money is promptly refunded if it
should ever fail to cure."

Interesting Booklets Free.

We have two booklets to send you.
Oue tells about Fistula, Poll Evil,
Spavin, Ringbone, Curb, Splint, Knee-
Sprung, Lump Jaw, etc., with instruc-
tions how to cure them.

The other proves that you can cure
them. Write to-day.

FLEMINQ BROS., Chemists,
22 Union Stock Yards. - Chicago, III.

'Feeds »"^ Feeding'

Prof. Henry's Great Book for
Farmers and Stockmen.

Delivered anywhere for - - 82.00
With the SOUTHERN PLANTER, 2-25

take pleasure in doing anything in my
power to direct in the future, aa I have
done in the past, the poor unfortunates to
The Keeley Institute, Greemhoro, N. C.

With my highest regards and best
wishes for your continued success in the
future. I am verv truly yours, ■■^'^

R K. Gregory, M. D., Greensboro, N. C.

A MIDNIGHT MISHAP.

Uncle Ned returned from his 'possum-
hunt about midnight, bringing with him
a line, fat 'possum! He built a glowing
fire, dressed the 'possum, pared and split
the swMt potatoes, and pretty soon he
had the " 'possum an' 'taters" in the
oven. While the meal was cooking Uncle
Ned amused himself with his favorite
old banjo. When the 'possum had been
brown and crisp, he took it out of the
oven and sat it on the hearth to give it
time to cool. Mentally congratulating
himself upon the glorious repast he
thought soon to enjoy, he sat silently for
awhile in the old arm-chair, but presently
was snugly wrapped in the arms of "tired
nature's sweet restorer — balmy sleep."

It happened that two youn» fellows
who were pretty well acquainted with
Uncle Ned's habits had been stealthily
watcliiug about the house, waiting this
particular chance. As sood as they were
^•invinced that the old man was safe in
the arms of Morpheus, they crept into the
house and hurriedly helped themselves
to Uncle Ned's supper, including even
thecoffeeand bread. When they finished
the hasty meal, by way of attempting to
cover up their tracks they smeared Uncle
Ned's hands and mouth with the 'possum
gravy and then heat a retreat.

After a time Uncle Ned aroused from
his peaceful slumber. It is needless to
say that he had dreamed about his sup-
per. At once he dived down to inspect
the viands, when, li and behold, the
hearth was empty ! Uncle Ned steadied
himself and studied awhile.

"VVel!,' said he finally, ' I must 'a' et
dat 'possum ; I must 'a' et dat 'possum in
my sleep!"

He looked at his hands. They were
greasy. He smelt his hands. As he did
so he said :

"Dat smells lak 'possum grease ! I sho
must 'a' et dat 'possum."

He discovered grease on his lips. Oat
went his tongue.

"Dat tas'es lak 'possum grease," he said.
He got up. He looted about the room.
There was no sign of intruders. He
rubbed his stomach. He resumed his
seat, and, giving up all for lost, he said :

"Well, ef I did eat Hat 'possum, it sets
lightah on my appertite dan any 'possum
I eveh et befo'." — Silas Xavier Floyd,
in the March Lippincott's.

One day the mate of atrading'schooner,
overhauling the log, found that the cap-
tain had written in ii, "Mate drunk to-
day " The mate expostulated with the
captain, saying, "W'.at is the use of put-
ting that down ?" The captain said : "It
happened. Why shouldn't I writs it
down?" The next da_v the mate wrote
the log, in which afterward the captain
found the record, "Captain sober to-day."

Mention the Southern Planter when cor-
responding with advertisers.

Warranted

to give satisfaction.

GOMBAILT'S

CAISTIC BALSAM

A safe, speedy
positive cure

for

Curb, Splint, Sweeny, Capped Hock,
Strained Tendons, Founder, "Wind Puffs,
and all lameness from Spavin, Ringbone
and other bony tumors. Cures all skin
diseases or Parasites, Thrush, Diphtheria.
Removes all Bunches from Horses or
Cattle.

As 1

_ „ Balsam sold is

Warranted to pive satisfaction. Price 9Sl<SO
per bottle. Sold by dnippistSj or sent by t

Address
THE LAWRENCE-WILIUMS COMPANY, Cleveland. Ohio.

FOUT2S

HORSE A^^D CATTLE
I^OWPER^

\

(i

^

IN HORSES

IN CATTLEI

s:".?r:,r";:

^

«i>

/,

goMn"

Appeljle. lo.

Bowel T.o»blt R
Mores U:i Appelit

IN

HOGS

,'"

i Ri'rk

els in°e"lves

Cough. Sc

m. M.satlQ

■ f„

Tr

Zi °L^

.enu Col.tky .tla.

'

HimMM,

'""'■"'"8 "

' I

.01,1,

or mill, ..a

ceJilhe'eoJa"!.*''

7

™!JS

yofmolelo"^

odl

eool,

ooe.bleO...

S Pkgs. SI

00

12 Pkzs. S2.00.

0 u). Pampblet No 3

Charges

Paid.

i Teteriaary apo-itav; for wiaA,

OREENSBORO. N.C.

For the treatment of THE LIQUOR, OPIUM, MORPHINE an*
other Drug Addictions. The Tobbacco Habit, Nerve Exhaustion

19«

THE SOTJTHBEN PLAlTrKR

[Marcih

UnMEC AND THE PLACE TO
nUmCO FIND THEM._^

Mo place in the United States tan a man
do 80 well at farming, for the money in-
Tested, as in Virginia. Lands are cheap ;
climate good, and the best of markets
close at hand. It is the Stale of all
others, for a comfortable all the yeai
round home. The James River Valley
Colonization and Improvement Company
offer superior advantages to land pur
chasers. For free 3G page laud pamphlet
address

W. A. PARSONS, Vinlta, Va.

To HOMESEEKERS.

"THE BUSINESS OF FARMING
IN VIRGINIA"

Is the iltle of a new pamphlet Issued by the
Norfolk and Western RullwayCoaipany. We
will gladly mail you a copy.

W. B. BEVILL, PAULSCHERER, fgi..

G P. A . Lands .>nd Immigration,
Roanoke, Va

WE HAVE A LARGE LI.-ST OF

FRUIT, POULTRY and TRUCK FARMS.

Ten, Fifty and One Hundred A

ch, with

good buildings, close to steain and trolley

lines, easy access to the city. Also

GRAIN AND STOCK FARMS

From 100 to 1.000 acres at low prices, all the

way from »o to $.50 per acre. Write for

Catalogue.

THE VIRGINIA LAND AGENCY. Richmond, a.

J. K. HocKADAY, Manager.

FOR SALE AT A BARGAIN.

A floe farm oi UTOacies, in Mecklenburg Co
one and one half mile from station on .So. Ry
five mlle.'^ east of Boydton. Has new 8 roo"in
dwelling, large new .table, (i barns, large pack
house, cabin, crib, shops, etc., all In jood re-
pair—as place has been cleared up In past 7
yrs. Pl»ce paid nearly Sl.OOO rem last year.
Any one wauling a flrsl class place at a low
price ADDKii.s.s

S. J. TURPIN & CO., - Antlers, Va.

IF YOU WISH TO SELL

OR BUY

VIROinslA LANDS

Communicate wttli us. Write for free
" Virginia Real I-Mate Journal. • con-
taining many bplemlld bargalus.
R B. CNAFFIN & CO., Inc ,

No. 1 N. lOth St., Richmond, Va

I WANT TO RENT (Money Rent)

A small dairy, poultry and truck farm (with
or without siocic and Implements), with a vu-w
ol biivlnginthefall. If a ready well-quipped,
would take It nn a reasonable protlt-sharlnir
principle. Close to R R. „r good city, or both,
prefene Would want possession .\prll 1.
Address FARMER, c-ire Southern Pltnter.

"PIEDMONT ftiVpllcs"?'

Good land, climate, markets, ^hipping la-
cllltles, churches, schools, good lit-allli, inode-
rate prices, easy terms.

MACON & CO., - Orange, Va.

/ CanJ^el/ Your Farm

Mv iii^iicr wi.cre It is. ^end descriptiun, stale nrlce KaJ
I^.I,ow tsl.>. Hlehcslre(cr.„.o. Oll.ces l^u cl«S

W. M. Oftrander, I885N. A. Bide., Philadelphia

JESTS OF SENATORS.

Incidents of the Lighter Side of Life
IN THE Senate.

John C. CalhouD, when Vice President,
did not believe that, as the presiding
officer of the Senate, lie had any right to
call Senators to order for words spok;n
in debate. John Randolph of Roanoke
abused this license by opening a speech
with the words: ''^Ir. Speaker— I mean
Mr. President of the Senate, and would-
be President of the United States—
which God, in his inlinite mercy, avert,"
and then launching into one of hie char-
acteristic tirades.

Calhoun's name recalls nullification.
When this heresy was at ite most ram
pant stage, the Notthern Senators de-
pended largely upon John Holmes, of
Maine, as champion of their side of the
chamber, on account of his ready wit
John Tyler tried to badger him one day
by asking wh^at had become of that po-
litical firm once mentioned by Randolph
as "James Madison, Felix Grundy, John
Holmes and the devil."

"The partnership," answered Mr.
Holmes, promptly, "has been legally
dissolved. The senior member is dead ;
the second has gone into- retirement: the
third now addresses you; and the last
has gone over to the nullifiers, and is
electioneering among the hon .rable Sen-
ator's constituents."

Clay and \\'ebster were not habitual
humorists, but both had the gift of enter
taining as well as enthralling their audi-
ences. Clay ran most to illustra ive an-
ecdote. V/bile he was in the House, a
proottinent politician deserted the Whig
party in the hope of sta'ting a general
revolt. To his dismay, he found himself
quite alone, and then bent all his ener-
gies to glutting back into good standing.
The incident reminded Clay of a story.
Said he :

"-4. stage-coach took aboard a passen-
ger ..ho insisted upon riding with the
driver, and who diliuently drew upon the
contents of a bottle carried in his great-
coat pocket. When his potations at last
overcame him, he fell oS. The coa'^h
stopped long enough for some charitable
travelers to alight and pull the poor fel-
low out of the mud.

"'Ha!' he exclaimed, as he looked
down at his tattered garments, 'we had
quite a [hie] turnover, didn't we? ' "

'■ ' 0*1, no,' answered one of his rescn-
er,o, ' there was no turnover. You only
fell oir'"

"'I Fay,' he persisted, 'there was a
[hie] turnover, and I leave it to the com-
pany."

■' Every one joined in assuring him that
the coach had not u iset.

" ' Well,' he remarked ruefully, as he
tried to climb baik to his former perch,
'if I'd known that [hie] I wouldn't have
got o(i'.' "

On a certain aflernoon, the Senate
clock got a fit of striking in the midst of
one of Webster's most effective speeches.
After it had struck fourteen or fifteen,
Webster held up one finger. " Mr. Pres-
ident," said he, "the clock isout of order.
I have the Aoor.— Leupp'aHttmcrrsof Con-
great, m March Century,

Virginia Farms

All prices and sizes. Free list on application.
WM. B. PiZZmi CO., Rlchmend, Va.

SO soDig.

For full particulars

write A. JEFPERS,

Norfolk. Va.

VIRCmiA FARMS

$3 PER ACRE AND UPWARDS.
Easy Pavmcnts. CATALOCut Frcc.

>*i;(». E. CR.AWKORD & CO.. Richmond. V».

Established 1870.

ClUr riDMQ in the great fruit grain and
linL rnnrnu stock section of VIKGINIA.
Best climate and water In the U. S. Near
great markets, with best educational advan-
tages. For further Information, address

ALBEMARLE IMMIGRATION CO.,
Sam'l B. Woods, Pres. Charlottesville, Va.

— FARMS —
ORCHAv^D? and HOMES

In the best fruit and agricultural
sectioDM of Virginia.
Virginia Booklet and infurnjaiion free.

J. W. APPERSOX & BRU., Yancey Mills. Va,

FOR SA.L.E:

"DAIRY and POULTRY FARM."

Large house, plenty of out buildines In good
order, SOJ-^acresof highlj Improved land, with
stock, crops and all equipmenis. 6 miles from
Richmond. A bartiam can be secured in this
property. Address

" DAIRY,'' care Southern Planter.

'Crop Growing
i Crop Feeding"

BY PROF. W. F. MASSEY.
383 Pp. Cloth, $1.00; Paper, 60c.

We offer this splendid work in conneo-

tlon with the Southern Planter

at the foil lowing prices:

The RICHMOND, FREDERICKSBURG

and POTOMAC R. R.
and WASHINGTON SOUTHERN R'Y

Form the Link connecting the

Atlantic Cost Line R. R.,

Baltimore and Ohio R. R. ,

Chesapeake and Ohio R'y,

Pennsylvania R. R.,

Seaboard Air Line R'y

and Southern R'y.

Between all points, via Richmond, Va.

Fast Mall. Passcnge-ard Express Route be-
tween Kiciimond, Fredericksburg, .Xlexan-
drla, VVashiuKlon, Baltimore Philadel|.hla,
New York. Boston, Pitlsbnri;, Buffalo and All
PointK North, East and West.

W P TAYLOR. Traffic Manager. Richmond. Va

ISO?.!

THE 80UTHBEN PLANTEB.

197

How To MakeMoney

With Poultry and Incubators. ~

CY

oeiwcrjBATOiis

the lieM uf suctisiLl -.kiiU
illustTatiot^sshinv punltry pl.ii
Cyi>hersestli(sively In theU.S / ai
England, Germany, IIull.in<l, New

is free) fi.>r hook X

CYPHERS INCVBATOR. CO.

Biiiral.., N. Y., Cliicaco, III .
BoetoD, Mass., .\ew y(irk,N. T.

PER EGG CAPACITY

The Suro Hatch Incubator is a
hitxh ffrade maciune through.
ou"t,(over30,000inuse)anror.e
can operate them, and whea
it is considered that wo pay
the freight and that the ma-
chines are all larger than
rated capacity and are st
on 30 days trial, the egrg cap;
ity is the cheapest ol a
goodincubatoronthemarket,
Our Free 1903 Catalogue was made to order for the
poultry raisers— poultry and egc record tables, etc,
Abigboob full of goodthings. Address nearest office.

SURE h)iTCH incubator COMPANY.
Columbus, Ohio. Clay Center, Nebr. Eugono, Ore.

Build Your Own Incubator,

Complete lllaatrated Plans and liietnicLions

for building Incubators and Brooders by

iwhicii a 300-EgB Hot Water *0

llncabator can be builtforabout tPU

I We sellthe Tanks, Lamps, RcKulators,

InCDbnlor. t^ AGENTS WANTED.
OHANNJttW.giyOW' aVo.. nei't. laS Qiilncy. ill.

IT COSTS YOV NOTHING

llOias

»ards Fine Poultry

- Rcllnhio Inch, and BroorlcrCn.,
r'-";!!-!! qnincv. III.

VICTOR,
INCUBATORS

tiveij as represented. Wepny freight.
Circular free; catalogue (ic.
C«o. Ertel Co.. gutacy. 111.

INVENTIONS WHICH HAVE
BROUijHT WEALTH.

By Mary Washington.

No. 2.

Amongst the most useful and famous
inventor.^ of the last 25 years is Mr.
George Westinghouse, known chietiy for
his great invention of the air brake which
ia used in every country where railroad
travel is practiced. This invention has
been of the greatest utility in saving life
and property. As a result of it, a loco-
motive engine can, in a minute, apply the
brake to a train of as many as 60 cars,
and should a car break away, the brakes
set themselves automatically.

Mr. Westinghouse followed the inven-
tion of tlie air brake by that of the West-
inghouse engine, which has also passed
into wide use He carries on many large
electrical and machine works both in this
country and Europe, bringing out both
his own inventions and those of others,
for he is ready to give prompt and remu-
nerate recognition to any inventor, either
in this country or Europe, whose work is
valuable in tlie field that interests Mr.
Westinghouse.

Gifted with inventive faculty and great
mechanical ability, his technical educa-
tion and service in the engineering branch
of the United States Navy have given
tiim both theoretical and practical knowl-
edge which have immensely forwarded
Mr. Westinghouse in his career. Amongst
the benefits he has conferred on the
world, I may mention the utilization of
natural gas. Conveying the gas by pipes
from its natural wella to wide areas of
use is due almost entirely to his personal
and unremitting efforts. His inventions
{and especially that of the air brake) have
brought him a large and well merited
fortune, and it is said that his various
factories in this country and in England,
France, and Russia represent a substan
tial, productive investment of probably
one hundred million dollars.

The inventor of the type writer was
W. M. Jenrie, of Ilvin, N. Y., who was
a mechanic working by the day when he
started on his invention. He is now a
wealthy man — is superintendent of a
type wi iter manufactory. C. L. Sholes
is also entitled to part of the credit of the
development of the writing machines of
the present day. He began as a mechanic,
but died rich, and a universally known
type-writer of the day was, to a great ex-
tent, his creation. It is remarkoble how
many patents have been granted, of late
years, to mechanics and other persons
working for day wag s. For inst.Huce,
Mergenthaler, who invented the linotype
machine, and received millions for it,
was an expert mechanic, engaged in mak-
ing telescopes and other scientific appa-
ratus. His contrivance is now in use, all
over the civilized world, the mechanical
compositor having taken the place of the
human type setter in nearly every great
printing establishment.

Frank A. Johnson was a mechanic in
Minneapolis when he invented a type-
setting machine which has made him a
wealthy man.

Alexander P. Morrow was a mechanic
employed by a bicycle company when he

The PRAiniE STATES \ 342

KEEP AT THE HEAd\ ^^"^f
More made-icore sold- ^ PEU2ES

-e prizes won than
ALL OTHERS combined.
Send for catalogue-just out-fin-
ever issued. Mention this pape
PRAIRIE STATE INCUBATOR Co.
HOMER CITV , Pa., U.S.A.

EGGS FOR HATCHING.

Purebred B. P. Rock, Black Miwokca
S. C. B. Leghokn. Fine stock, excellent
layer.s. I guarantee eggs to be true to
name, fresh, ano to Hrrive in good condi-
tion. 75 ets. per 15, $2 per 45, jj per 100.
Miss S. M. HITER, E!lisvi;le. Louisa Co.. Va.

EGGS FOR HATCHING.

White Wyanrtottes, Barred Plymouth
Roclts, S. C. Whit.- Legliorns and Pekin
Duclid. Prize winners at New Yorlj, Bos-
ton, Ptjiiadelphia. Cieveiand, Hagerstown
Pan-American and Charleston. Some ex-
tra fine stocis for sale. For prices and de-
scription, address

LEWIS E. BENEDICT, Proprieior
Meadcwv le Farm, . Lutherville Md.

EGGS FOR HATCHING

From White Holland Turkeys, White

Plymouth Rock and Rose Comb

White Leghorns.

White Plymauth Roclis are the best ail pur-
pose fowls. My .^toclc is of the flne.st strains.
R. C. W. Leghorns are the champion layers
Neat Rose Combs ilo not freeze. Bend for
''"•'^""^'•- Mrs LIZZIE OYER, Versailles. Tenn.

EGGS! EGGS! EGGS!

Best B. P. Roclis in Virginia.

Hawliins, Thompson and Bradley strains

S1.25 per sitting Ilo).

M. B. Turkey Eggs, 50c. each. S4 per dozen

M. P. Duck Eggs. fJ.OO for 11. Even the best
is never too good, you'd better buy of me.
THE CEDARS WiW. Q. OWENS

P. and S. FARM. Midlothian. V«.

EGCrS EGCrS ECiG-s

That will hatch out Dollars. Not real
dollars, but Turkeys and Chickens of the best
strains in this country, which will net the
owner more real dollars of profit than anv
others I handle "Nothing but the Best" in
my line. My prices are higher than some
others, but the quality more than makes the
ditTi'rence. National strain. Mammoth Bronze
Turkeys, sitting 13 1(2. National strain Barred
Plymouth Chickens, sitting 1.5, i(;1.50.

PIEDMONT POULTRY PLACE

MIssE. Caliie Giles. Prop., Whittle's Depot! Va.

S G- Gr S FOFt SALE.

M. B. Turkey, t3 per doz.; Pekin Duck 81
perdoz.; White Wyandotte, {1 forts- b'p
Rock. 81 for 13; S. C. B. Lfghoru, .$1 for 15. '

IWIss Clara L. Smith, Croxto-i, Caroline Co. Va.

-FRO M—

WHITE HOLLAND TURKEYS.

J2.25for9; .»;1.00 for IS.

WHITE PLYMOUTH ROCKS,

«1.25for 13; $2.25for30.

Packed and f. o. b. Express Office.

JOHN A. CLARK, - SHIRLEY VA

Barred P. Rocks S. G. B. and W. Leghorns.

15 eggs, Jl ; 30. 81,75. Pekin Duck.s-U

eggs, Jl; 22. 81.7.5. 8a isfaction

guaranteed.

Rev. J. W. HECKIMAN, - Spottsjivania, Va.

198

IHB 80UTHBBN PLANTKB.

[March

Moorewood Poultry Farm,

Chesterfield Co., ■ Wlsevllle, Va.

BREEDERS OF

Hlghe8^GIade Barred Plymouth Rocki
White Wyandotte, lilack Minorca and
Partridge Cochin Fowls. We won 19 prizes
at late Richmond Show. Breeding stock
and eggs forsaleatall times. If you mean
business, write for Handsome and Valu-
able Illustrated Catalogue and Poultry
Guide. Write to-day.

PURE BRED. PRIZE-WINNING

-* FOWLS ^

MAMMOTH BRONZE TURKEYS.

We have the winning pen of Madison
Square Garden Show. GJobbler weighs 45
lbs.; bens, 26 lbs.

PEKIN DUCKS. . .

Prize-winning drake at Philadelphia and
New York Madison Square Garden. Young
ducks weigh 14 lbs. p«r pair.

PLVMOUTH ROCKS, Barred and White.
WHITE HOLLAND TURKEYS.

A limited number fowlsand Eggs for Sale.
Also Dure bred POL.\ND CHINAS. SHET-
LAND PONIES. HOaSES, and RED POLLED
CATTLE, the milk, butter and beef breed.
ALBEM.-VRLE PROLIFIC SEED CORN.

ARROWHEAD STOCK FARM,
Sam'l B. Woods, Prop. Charlottesville, V».

GRANITE POULTRY YARDS.

^ Fine Laying Strains ^

BM[D PLYMOUTH ROCKS
Silver liGEDWYiNDOmS

My best j»n of silvers will be headed this
season with a flne cock direc t from Mr. J. T.
Orr, out of his famous laylui; i- train of Silver-
Laced Wyandottcs. E(iiiS at 81 00 per setting
of 15 at Express Office, .Salisbury, N. C.

Mrs. JOHN D. A. FISHER,

R. F. D. No. 3, Salisbury, N. C. j

White Leghorns.

Eggs, 12 per 15 ; 8,5 per 00.

Write for circular to-day.
C. Q. M. FINK, 1409 W.Leigh St., Richmond, Va.

invented the coaster brake which bears
his name, and which has made him a
wealthy man.

Hugh Cook of Dayton, Ohio, was a
worker for wages when he made the in-
vention on which the mopt efficient cash
register in the market is based, from the
proceeds of which he receives about
$25,000 annually.

F. A. Flanagan had a little jewelry
store in Washington City, when his for-
tune took a rise by his deviling a method
of cleaning oil wells by dropping an elec-
tric stove down into them. Prior to this
invention, when oil wells became choked
with paratin, they were cleaned by ex
ploding nitroglycerine cartridges, which
were both costly and dangerous. The
electric stove process is safe and cheap,
and has made the inventor rich.

I have heard that the inventor of the
safety-pin made a fortune by this inven-
tion, but I do not know "what's his
naoae or where's his home," or any au-
thentic details about him.

The Americans have shown more in-
vention than any other nation in regard
to the daily wants and conveniences of
life. Edison alone has taken out 750
patents, numbers of them applications
of electricity to common daily needs.
But we must not forget nor fail to ac-
knowledge our debt to the great inven-
tors of other nations, notably the Scotch,
English, German, French and Italian.
To Scotland is due (in the person of
James Watt) the invention of the mod-
em condensed steam engine, with the
incalculably great results that followed
in this invention. It was Hargraves, an
English carpenter, who, in 1767, invented I
the spinning jenny which gave means of
spinning twenty or thirty threads with
no more labor than had been employed
on a single one. This was followed by
Arkwright's still more important inven-
tion of the spinning frame which it is
interesting to connect with the subse-
quent invention of the cotton gin in
America. The two gave an enormous
impetus to the cultivation and manufac-
ture of cotton, and like the two wings of
a bird, ctiused commerce to soar aloft,
where formerly it had crept.

To Germany, in the person of Guten-
burg, we owe the invention of printing.

..HOLLYBROOK FARM .

EGGS^'SETTING

From Thorouglibred Poultry.

In OLr poultry yards we have the following
thoroughbred poultry, all flrst-class stock,
originally started from the best stock in this
country, and carefully cross-mated so as to
give strong and vigorous stock and the best
laying strains of the different breeds that It 18
possiijle to obtain :

BARRED P. ROCK. $i.oo per sitting.
BLACK UkN&SHAN. ti.oo per sitting.
BUFF PLYMOUTH ROCK. $1.50 sitting.
LIGHT BRAHMAS. fi.soCper sitting.
SILVER LACED WVANOOTTE. Price,

$1.50 per sitting.
WHITE WVANOTTE. $1.50 p3r sitting.
In addition to careful breeding, we pay
special attention to the handling and packlDg
of our Eggs, so as to ensure good fertility and
a good hatch.

We have also for sale a few flrst-class young

cockerels of BUFF PLYMOUTH ■» ROCKS,

SILVER LACED WYANDOTTES AND

LIGHT BRAHM.\S.

Price, 81..50 and $2 each, crated for shipment.

HEiNRY W. WOOD,

P. 0. Box 330. Hollybrook Farm. RICHMOND, VA.

LEGHORN POULTRY YARDS

an obligation so vast, BO overwhelming j cS^^Blll^'^n^^'^l^e'Ullf^^SL^''^^

that all words fail in making an ade-
quate acknowledgment of it.

To Italy is due, in the person of Galileo,
the invention of the telescope, with all
its valuable offshoots, as for instance,
spectacles for the use of old persons, or
others suffering from weak or imperfect
vision. No.' did the great inventors of
Italy become extinct with Galileo, for it
is an Italian of the present day, Marconi,
who has successfully established the sys-
tem of wireless telegraphy. But it was
primarily Morse's invention of the tele-
graph which has paved the way to Mar-
coni's invention, and all others along
that line. -^■^^^-^— ^— ^— ^-^-^_i_^.^__

To France, in the person of Daguerre, ni \/MrM ITU r»ri/~K' l=/^/~e
is due the invention which paved the rl^l nUU I M KULii CUUd
way to modern photography with all its

Roosters. Best layers known. Prize- winning
stock. Price, {1.00 to 81.50each. Eggs in season
at $1.00 for 16 ; $5 00 per 100. Satisfaction guar-
anteed. Address

A. T. MATTHEWS, Box 36, Parksley, Va.

BROWN LEGHORNS

(Single Comb.)

Eggs from prize winners and good layers J1.50
per sitting. Reduction on larger lots.

WHITE PLYMOUTH ROCKS
R. W. HAW, Jr., - Centralia, Va.

wonders and beauties. I remember the
pale, shadowy pictures called "Daguer-
leotyes " in my childhood, and after-
wards succeeded by a better style of pic-

FOR BROILERS.

The undersigned can furnish them In
limited quantities at fj.50 for 100.
F. O. B. at Claremont, Va.
M. HUCHES, Claremont, Surry Co.. Va.

IM03.J

THE SOUTHERN PLAUTEB.

i99

PECJK'S EGG-FOOD.

CCCn FOR SOHENS ^1 OO
rCCU FOR 60 DAYS Qli PREPAID.

It Is the cheapest food ou earth. It
pays others, aud will pay you. It makes
the poultry business interesting, Be-
CACSK It produces lesults — We Si:g-
GEST a trial order. Our Booklet and
Egg-Record— F. ek.

THE FRED S. PECK CO.,
21 1 W. Mitchell SI , - Petoskey, Mich.

ALL KINDS OF

LIVE WILD BIRDS AND ANIMALS,

CECIL FRENCH,

7 1 8 Twjilth St. N. W., Washington. D. C.

Barred, Buff and White P. Rocks, Light
Brahmas, White Wyandottes, Buff Coch-
ins, Partridge Cochins, Black Langshan,
Black Minorca, S. C. Brown Leghorns and
S. C. White Leghornt. Stock for tale cheap.
Prize winner eggs, tl far 1.5. A hatch of %,
or order duplicated at half price.

OAKLAND POULTRY FARM. Ruffin, N. C.
Bo:^5. C. J. Warriner, Minager.

32 Varieties j"p|-s
Best Poultry !r3;:

m^^^m^^^m^m^^^^^^J All poultry
keepers should have It. J NO. E. HEATWOLE,
Harrisonburg, Virginia.

BLACK MINORCAS.

These fowlsare noted for their prolific
laying and non-setting qualities, and
are Tery highly bred.

Eggs, 81.50 per setting of thirteen.

WINSTON & BRANCH,

2024 Floyd Avenue, Rfchmond, Va.

Black Langshans.

Fine stock and free range. Only breed

kept. Splendid winter layers. A

few birds for sale.

Cocks, S2..50; Hens,jl..50; Eggs. $1.50, per 15.

Satisfaction guaranteed.

&.W. JOHNSON,

Parksley, Va.

W

hite and Barred Rock

Single bird, ?1.00: trio, 12.50. Eggs for hatch-
ing, 75 cts. for setting of 15. JERSEY BULL,
No. 54171. J.B.JOHNSON,

Clover HIU Farm. Manassas, Va.

BARRED and BUFF

PLYMOUTH ROCKS

Cockerels, 81.00 each.

Buff eggs, 81.50 per elttlDg ; Barred, 81.00.

FRED NUSSEY, - Summit, Spotsylvania Co., Va.

ture called ambrotypes. But imperfect
aa were the daguerreotypes, they were
headed in the right direction, and with-
out the invention (or discovery) that lies
at their basis — namely, that the sun can
be utilized as a picture- taker, modern
photography could not have come into
existent e.

THE PL.\XET JR. NO. 4 DRILL.

The little hand implement shown here-
with. Planet Jr. Combined Drill, etc., is
probably a familiar sight to most of our
readers. This Planet Jr. No. 4 is a most
serviceable all around tool. The thing
that distinguishes it especially is its com
prehensiveness. By means of its attach-
ments, the purchase of a single tool gives
you'the service of four— seeder, hoe, culti-
vator and plow— every one suited to its
own particular work. Though for years
it has been considered a splendid tool, it
has received valuable improvements for

BARRED PLYPIOUTH ROCK COCKERELS.

We have ten cockerels which we could hava
sold readily at f2 50 each, but the late cold
snap slightly fronted their comb.s not enough
to make them sick, but still euou"h to
detract from their appearance, we will seU
for 81 each If o dered at ouee. ' The^ i^n be

lund the dollar. Eggs. 81 for 15; Incubator
eggs, »3 per hundred. No C. O. D shiprnen^s
to any one. SUMNYSIDE POULTRY F«RM
Reference: Chrisliansburg.'va.

Bank of Christiansburg. '"■"■y. »«.

1903. For every purpose short of the
large operations where a Planet Jr. tool-
horse tool might profitably be substitu-
ted, this is a good tool to buy. Convert-
ing it from one tool to another is the
work of a minute. Its perfect work, its
special adaptation to the thing which
needs to be done, and its easy running
put a premium on good cultivation. It
will be found advertised elsewhere. De-
scriptive catalogue and free information
by the manufacturers, S. L. Allen & Co.,
Philadelphia.

AW OBJECT LESSON.

A few weeks ago, Southern Education
Notes published a list of counties in the
South in which more than 20 per cent, of
the native white men are illiterate.
About one of those counties in Virginia
a man who has traveled much in the
South, and knows the people, writes aa
follows :

" Perhaps my experience in travelling
in that county twenty five years ago may
be of interest. A few years before I went
into the county, the people discovered
that a good deal of the white poor soil
was especially adapted to the raising of a
very fine grade of tobacco. Farmers who
had scarcely eked out an existence before
this discovery were now sometimes able
to realize as much as $-500 or $600 from
the sale of a single acre of fancy wrappers.
But the great tide of prosperity in the
growing of this tobacco came and passed
away without benefitting very largely the
people of the county. I never saw so
much drunkenness and debauchery in
my life. One day I went to as many as
three houses in the course of my travels
in which I found men too drunk to at-
tend to business. They got big prices for

The Racket Poultry Farms,

A. S. JOHNSON, Man., Parksley, Va.

Bretder of High-ciass Land and Water Fowls.

Black Langshan.s, Hhode Island Reds
S. C. Brown Leghorns, Toulouse Geesb

Pekin Ducks and Belgian Hares
T Oe«'s» eggs, 25cts each. Langshans, Rhode
Island Rfds SLSd aittlng, others. $1.00 Our
birds are bred from winners at largest shows,
and have the range of three farms. Satisfa<>
factory guarantee.

BARRED PLYMOUTH ROCKS

A SPECIALTY.

Line bred for twelve years ; beautifully

barred, large and healthy, farm-raised

birds for sale all seasons.

Eggs, 81 per sitting 1,5. two sittings, $1.50.

Cockerels, 81 to $2; Pullets, »l!

E, F. SOMMERS, Somerset, Orange County, Va.

WHITE WYANDOTTES
and BUFF P. ROCKS.

Beautiful birds, and grand layers

Cockerels. S1.50 each.

Eggs, $1 per 13 ; ?5 per lOO.

EDGEMONT POULTRY YARDS, Liberty Mills. Va.

S. C. BROWN LEGHORNS

Loing bred for fine plumage, strong vitality
and laymg qualities. One sitting of 16 eggs.
Li^l^ikcJ^° sittings of 32 eggs, 81.25; per 1(»
eggs, S3..50. Address

J. N. HANGER,

Lasley, Va.

Barred Plymouth Rooks

EXCLUSIVELY

Strong healthy, vigorous, larm-ralsed
stock ; bred for laying ; 75 cts. per setting.

WM. B. LEWIS, Irby, Nottoway Co., V».

PIT GAMES

Red Horses, Eggs, $1.60 per sitting (15).

Also a few Red Horse and Irlsh Red Cock*

for tale at reasonable prices.

A. S. CRAVEN, - Qreenwood, Va.

BLACk DEVILS and RED HORSES.

These Cocks won 90 per ct. of battles fought
Id 1901 and 1902, »nd have never lost a battle
when gameness and cutting qualities could
win. Egg«, r2 per sitting and stock for sale.

THUS. W. JARM.\N, Yancey Jlills, Va.

WANTED

50 Fine Brown Legi-
HORN Hens and 1
Cockerel to be de-
livered to Burkevllle, Va. E. M. SANDYS,

16 Eighth Street, Pittsburg, Pa.

S. C. B. LEGHORN ROOSTERS OR HEMS^

75 cts. each ; Eggs, "5 cts. for 15.
Mrs. a. W. DAVIS, - BLANTON.VA.

200

IHE SOUTHERN PLANTER.

1 March

SHORTHORNS

SPECIAL OFFERING FOR
30 DAYS.

Owing to the scarcity of feed, I will
offer 20 Cows and Heifers, and 14
Young Bulls for immediate sale, at
prices ranging from $75 to tloO each.

Parties desiring to purcha'^e shoulil not
miss an opportunity to see these cattle.

This oflfering consists of popular Amer.
ican and Scotch families. All animals
either Recorded or will be Recorded in
purchaser's name, and a certified copy of
registration furnished with each animal
D. M. KIPPS,

Success, Warren Co., Va.,

ELLERSLIE FARM-*^-*.
Thoroughbred Horses

AND SHORTHORN CATTLE,

Pure Southdown Sheep
and Berkshire Pigs.

FobSalb. R.J. HANCOCK & son,
Chaklottbsvillb, V A,

COOK'S CREEK HERD,

Scotch-Topped
Shorthorns^^

Herd Headed bT Governor Tjler, 158.548
Young Bulls and Heifers for sale. Inspection
and correspondence Invited,
HEATWOLE & SUTER, Dale Enterprise, Va.

EAST RIVER SIDE

SHORTHORNS

FOR SA.r.E.

One choice Red Bull, oli enough
for service.
Addkess

JAMES P. CLEMMKR, - Snmmmlean, Va.

VIRGINIA VALLEY HERO

" Of Registered Shorthorn Cattle.

Choice yoang bull, owe. and heifers bred.

Also Poland-China Hogs and Barred

Plymouth Rock Chic ken.s.

Prices Keasonable

HENRY BLOSSER, Harriso.sburc, Va

FOR SALE

Fine, Thoroughbred JERSEY BULL CALF,

I) months old.

1 have the finest set d corn in this section.

C.N.STACY, - Amelia C. M.,Va.

Sn Uf I [PUnDUO fufe stock. Bred to
. U. n. LtUnUnilO. lay. Kggs.tl per 20.
IDEAL POULTRY YAKDS, Kopp, Va.

their tobacco, handled a good deal of
money, knew no higher sense of enjoy-
ment thfi to spind it, for whiskey, and
all the evils which follow in the trail of
its use came to them.

"Later it was discovered that certain
lands in Kentucky would grow the same
tobacco equally as well and better. The
price of tobacco went Jown and the great-
est opportunity ttiat the people of that
county ever had to become wealthy pass-
ed away. Not more than one man in
twenty was permanently benefitted by
tobacco culture, and a great many were
seriously damaged." The writer adds:
'• Permanent prosperity is impossible in
any illiterate community. We may strike
oil, find coal, iron and gold, but the peo-
ple who live where such wealth is stored
will not be benefitted unless they are
sufficiently educated to take advantage of
the opportunity to improve euch natural
resources and make them a means of per-
manent social betterment."

A BRIGHT THOUGHT.

She was a fair young thing from Bosfon
with an inquiring mind, and having run
the blunt old sealing captain into the
farthermost corner of the Labrador coast
ing steamer and cut off from him all
means of retreat, she begged of him to
tell her of his perilous vocation.

" But, Captain," she asked, " how is it
you catch so very many dear, little, tiny
seals ?"

'' Well, you see," replied the Captain
in his husky voice, hesitating as he hunt-
ed for a word other than "females" which
he thought objectionable, " you see, the
ladies pup on the ice." — Caroline Lock
HART (Suzbttb), in March hippincoU's.

IMPROVED POLAND-CHINAS
FOR VIRGINIA.

Mr. J. B. Gray reports the demand for
Poland-Chinas unprecedented, an.i in
order to fill orders has made the follow-
ing additions to his herd of Poland-Chi-
nas from the leading breeders of Ohio :
Two sows by Penfrede Perfreter, and two
sows by Ohio Black Chief, 52101, and
two sows in pig by Big Ideal, 53426, and
a young boar by J. H. Big Chief, 46085,
out of Beat Sunshine. Ihe oreeder of
this boar says that he is the best all-over
pig that he has ever seen or raised, and
Mr. G says that it is impossible to con-
ceive of a more perfect spine in a Poland-
China pig.

VALUABLE CATALOGUE.

We have looked over the catalogue we
have just received from Morrill A Mor-
ley, of Benton Birbor, Mich., makers of
the Eclipse .Spray Pumps and our adver-
tisers. From cover to cover it is full of
valuable matter, compiled from years of
practical experience and representing
tests that have cost the makers thou-
sands of dollars. Any of our readers who
are using spray machinery will find it to
their interest to write for a copy of the
above catalogue and to give it careful
study. Write direct to the makers, Mor-
rill & Morley, Benton Harbor. Mich., and
mention this paper when writing.

RED POLLED
CATTLE

rOR SALE.

One purebred registered bull, three-year-old.

Price, S125.
One purebred registered cow, four-yearold,

due to calve iu April. Price, S150.
One pure-bred registered heifer, two year-old,
due to calve Iu June. Prlct% $125.
rPlce on the lot, $350., f. o. b. cars Cbristtans-
burg. Va.
Will keep cattle until April loth, for buyer.
These cattle are all purebred iiud resbtered
Iu American Red Polled Cuttle Club Herd
Book, aud are all in fine, healthy condition.

WM S. FOSTER. Blacksburg. Va

MEADOWVALE FARM

OFFERS FOR SALE SOME CHOICE
JERSEY and GUERNSEY CATTLE,
BERKSHIRE SWINE, WHITE WY-
ANDOTTES, BARRED PLYMOUTH
ROCKS and WHITE LEGHORNS.

The cattle offered consist of Young Cows,
Yearling Hellers, Heifer and Bull Calves aud
Bulls old enough for service. Berkshiresof all
ages and both sexes. The poultry is all fine
breeding stock and healthy.

Meadowvale Farm has won la the past thre«
years over 600 First and Special Prizes at the
Leading Fairs and Expositions; Including,
New York, Boston, Philadelphia, Higfrstown,
Pan-American and Charleston. For Descrip-
tion, Pedigree and Prices, address
LEWIS B. BENEDICT. Prop , Luttaervllle, iVld.

Farm Bulletin

Splendid ANGUS BULL for sale.
1 year old in April.

We are now booking orders for
DoRSKT Ram Lambs. No more
Berkshire Pigs now.

D. 0. NOURSE, Prof, of A?r.
Blaoksburg, Va.

For Sale ^-^

A.NGOIi.A. C3-OiA.TS.

Registered and Grades. " One to carload
Pairs, 110.00; trios, 817.00.

lots.'

Write for carload prices.

x^J

"^"

'W

'''¥

— V ■

J^t

.^g,^pi

^^p

JtKtMY IMPROVEMENT CO.,

1903.]

THE BOUTHEEN PLAlTrBE.

201

III Miiiimmnimmiiiiii iiiiiiiMiiiiiiiiiiii

$100 CASH PRIZE ""^Nv
ST«»ENT„;^;1l COLLEGE

We hereby oiler $100 to cash for the best article to be written on
breeding and raisineHogs. Describe ten sows that you ivou'd select
for breeding. Describe boar that you would select for a croas with
these sows. Describe how and what kind of grain, grains or mill
stuffs you would feed sows until pigs were farrowed. Tell how
many pigs you would e:;pect from the ten sows and describe how
and what you would feed sows after pigs were farrowed. State when
you would commence feediug pigs aud what you would use. blate
when you would wean pigs and what kind of feed you would give
them from that time until they were sis months old and what you
would expect to make them weigh at the e.^piratiou of six months.
State why you w-ould expect such results from your care and kind
of feed used. Describe kind of pens and yards you would use for
each condition. Our aim is to have you write an article describing
in a practical way just howyou would raise hogs to obtain thebest
results. The breed ol hogs selected will Not be considered in the decision.
The use of "INTERNATIONAL STOCK FOOD" will Not be considered m the
decisiDD. The decision will be published in every leading Farm
Paper in the United Stales and Canada. Mail your article to The
American Swineherd. Chicago. 111., on or before May 10th, 1903. The
judges willbe J. W. Baynes, editorand proprietorof American Swineherd,
Prol. Thomj'S Shaw of The Farmer. St. Paul, Minn., and Henry Wallace.
editor of Wallace's Farmer, Des Moines, Iowa. These gentlemen are
well known throughout the entire country and the decision will be rendered in May. 1903. The winning article is to be o"/ P™P"'y
and will be circulated throughout the world aud will attract universal attention of all swine raisers Who wil win (he $100 Cash and he Honor
and at the same time write an articlethat willbe of great practical value to every stockman? AiTTry for il. «* Vou may be lhe_^winner. AU articles
must be mailed to The American Swineherd, Chicago. 111., on or before May lOlb. 1903. Mark your envelope

"International Slock Food" Oiler."®*

•HUTKRlfATIONAL STOCK FSOD" tys /EEDS fob ONE CENT=5;S i» Trcpared from T.^pt^, Herbs, Seeds and Barka •nawonthe Highest Medal at Paris Exposi
)Hfgli^;i»iK vegetable, medicinal preiiaraticm to be fed to stock in email nmonp.ts ea an addition to tbo regilar feed. It is a Great Aid in Growii
iDerea.eB the appetite BDd Aide Digestion and Assimilation so that each animal obtains more nntrition from the graia €

extra money over the nnoBl Plan of Growing and Fattening stock. "InternallnDal Stoeii Food'

It is Absolutely Harmless even if taken into the Human System. Vou insist on eating i
medicine. Pepper i

thej

, (rtustard is a remedy for dyspepsia,
;nts promote health and strength for people
^ssary an addition to tlie regular feed of yo

dients with yoar Own food at every meal. Salt ii
ar is a diuretic. ¥oa eat these medicinal ingredients almost v
1 improve theirdigestion. "iBtcrnotional Stock Food"

^^ck if you desire to keep them in the best possible condition.

,... Itpurifieflthe blood, stimulates andpermanentlyfltrenethensthoentireaystem sotliatd

1 a '-Spet Casli <^maraatee" by yifty TboasaDd Dealers tbrsaghoat the World. ^^ Tonr Money ^ill he Promptly Refi

ted '.

onal Stock Food"
. "lolercalional
of failui*.

Btoek Food' -^ -, -, , - - .- . . .

II win make your Plye or He?a grew Anaslnely and has the largest eile in the World for CBrinf or preventing Bog Disease. «g=- Beware of the many Cheap and Inferior
iBllationa ! No Chemist eaa aeparal« mil the Dlffereat pawdered Beols. Herbs, Barks aad Seeds that we aa«. Any One olalmlne to do so Most be an IgnoramoB or Falsifier.

A $300000 STOCK BOOK FREE IlSs^

IT CONTAINS 183 LAI6E ENGXAVINGS OF BOISES. CATTLE, SHEEP, POULTRY. ETC.

«ie Caver of this Book U % Beautiful Live Stock Picture erPrUled in 8U Brilliant Colers, Book is 6^ by 1%. See engravinftor
greatly reduced design of cover. It eost as $2000 to have our Artists and Engravers make these life
Engravings. This Book contains a Finely Illustrated Teteriaary Departaieat that will Save You Haadreds
of Dollars. It describes common Diseases, and tells how to treat them. It also gives Description,
History and Illustrations of the DiffersBt Breeds of Horses, Cattle, Sheep, Goats. Bogs and Poultry.
It contains testimonials, and Life Engravings of many very noted Animals. The Editor Of This Paper
WiU Tell Ton That You Ought To Have This Book In Tour Library For Reference.

$10.00 CASH, ws will sand yon, I? BOOK IB MOT AS STATKD.
»k iMk MaUed Free. raltss< rrapald, If Tan Write Ca (lettar ar pestnl) and Auwer These i 4a«UlBS:

1st.— Nwalluarapar. M.— Haw Huk Stock BaTeToat
Write aa teday far book.

Largest Stock Food FaetAry in the World.

Capital Paid in. ll.MO.OOO.
Wo Occupy 62,000 Feet of Floor Spaae.

Iiternatioiial Stock M Co.,

HmntAPOIill. ^* e»ploy OTer 300 people and have
Hundreds of Thoasands of Testimo-
lials frem Fannere and Stockmen.

■nm.. u. a. a.

3FfFDSFpRQNEGFNT

/>-! ri 15 r isK.,

1 1 i i I f I i 1 1 1 1 i 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 II 1 1 I III 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 II 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 II 1 1 1 1 1»

202

THE SOUTHERN PLAIJITEE.

[March

• FILSTON FARM. •

SECOND LARGEST

JERSEY HERD

IN AMERICA. FOUNDED 1882.

BULL CALVES, and for the Oral time. He''*"
bred to Imported Golden Peter, and Helf.r
Cfclreg and a few aged Cows.

BERKSHIRES. all »ge«' "'■•^„V/Qn<?"'~B'^*
Storm King, or Imported Esau and, »ii«,
good shape and large Utters.

Visitors welcome. Address for Book of Th«
Farm, or prices

FILSTON FARM.GLENCOE, MP.

Swift Creek Stock and Dairy Farm

Has for sale a large num-
ber of nloe yonng regl»-
tered A. J. C. C.

JERSEY BULLS
AND HEIFERS.

None better bred In the South. Combining
closely the most noted and up-to-date blood
to America. Bulls 10 U, 12 ■gof^s o^d, KSm
Heifers, same age, »35.00. POLANU-CUIWA
PIGS, fc.00 each. Send check and get what
you want.

T. P. BR AS WELL, Prop., Battleboro, N. C.

Hackney Stallion

FOR SALE.

Only 4 yrs. old, and Is a prize winner.

Send for particulars.
I also have some very fine purebred

S. L. Wyandotte Cockerels.
Eggs in season at SI per sitting of 16.

Dr. H H LEE, - Lexington, Va.

*m.

Woodland
Farm'*-

DORSETS

Of 16 ram-!, 9 to H mos. old, we now have
on hand, 4 are not quite good enough to head
aSy herd in the United Staters. The best
ram HardlPg could And In England now
SSds our (lock. Are buying a few ewes;
Sone to sell, but are booking orders for October
dropped ewe lamb.s.

WOODLAND FARM, Mechanlcsburg, 0.
(.1. E. Wing, Willis O. Wing, Chas. B. Wing.)

AND

DORSETS
HEREFORDS

H. ARMSTRONG, - Lantz Mills, Va.

SRcg.HEREPORDBULLS

From 6 mo.s. to ;i yrs. old. '

8 REGr. ItlSIFSRS

From 6 to 18 mos. old. At reasonable prices.
HAYFIELOS STOCK FARM, Cockeysvlile. Md.

HAWKSLEY STOCK FARH.

Large ENGLISH BERKSHIRES
B. P. ROCKS FOWLS,

Eggs from same, $1 per 13.
J. T. OLIVER, Allen's Level, Va.

REPORTS.
U. S. Department of Agriculture, Wash-
ington, D. C. Bureau of Chemistry.
Bulletin 69. Part 3. Foods and Food
Control.

Part 4. Foods and Food

Part 5. Foods and Food

Bulletin 69.

Control.
Bulletin 69.

Control.
Office of Experiment Stations. Experi-
ment Station Record, Vol. XIV,
No. 6.
Public Road Inquiries. Bulletin 23-
Road Conventions in the Southern
States.
Farmers' Bulletin 164. Rape as a For-
age Crop.
Farmers' Bulletin 152. Experiment
Station Work.

Alabama Experiment Station, Auburn,
Ala. Bulletin 121. Dairy Food Record
and Creamery Notes.

Illinois Experiment Station, Urbana, 111.
Bulletin 82. Methods of Corn Breed-
ing.

Iowa Experiment Station, Ames, Iowa.
Bulletin 67. Chemical Composition of

Food Preservatives.
Press Bulletin. Moisture in Corn.

Kansas Experiment Station, Manhattan,
Kan. Bulletin 11.5. Exact Calcula-
tion of Balanced Rations.

Michigan Experiment Station, Agricul-
tural College, Mich. Bulletin 203.
Analyses of Some of the Commercial
Feeding Stuffs of Michigan.

Nebraska Experiment Station, Lincoln,
Neb. Bulletin 76. Experiments with
Dairy Herd.
Bulletin 77. Poisoning of Cattle by
Sorghum and Kaffir Corn.

New Hampshire Experiment Station,
Durham, N. H. Bulletin 94. Rem-
edies for Fleas.
Bulletin 95. How to Grow a Forest from
Seed.

New York Experiment Station, Geneva,
N. Y. Bulletin 217. Inspection of
Feeding Stuffs.
Bulletin 218. Strawberries in 1902.
Bulletin 222. Report of Analyses of
Paris Green and Other Insecticides.

North Carolina Experiment Station.
Press Bulletin 7 Silk Culture for
the Season of 1903.

North Dakota Experiment Station, Fargo,
N. D. Bulletin 53. Food Products
and Their Adulteration.

Pennsylvania Experiment Station, State
College, Penn. Bulletin 62. An Ex-
periment in Ginseng Culture.

South Carolina Experiment Station,
Clemson, College, S. C Bulletin 74.
Experiments with Poultry.
Bulletin 76. Bermuda Grass.

Virginia Experiment Station, Blacks-
burg, Va. Resume of the Official
Work in Relation to the San Jose
Scale.

Virginia (Hampton Nature Study Bureau),
Hampton, Va. Care and Management
of Horses.

READERS

OF THE

PLANTER

In want of a PIANO will find it to their
Interest to write to us. We assure them
there is such a thing as buying an
honestly-made Instrument at a mode-
rate price.

We make CASH and TIME SALES,
anl are willing to talie part payment
in Stock and Farm Products.

Write and state your wishes.

F. W. WALTER & SON,

STAUNTON, VA.

COLLIE PUPS!

By prize- winning Imported sires and trained
dams. Eligible. Fit for bench, ranch or farm,
Prlee, JIO, either sex. Also a book on the car*
and training of the Collie for all practical use*.
Price, 50c. Copy of book free to purchiw«r of
Collie.

Stock Farm, " MAPLEMONT," Albany, Ver.

Large English Berkshire Hogs,
Barred Plymouth RockChickens

BEN. BOLT, 60747, 430 lbs. as a yearling at
head of herd. «S-EGG8 IN SEASON.

JOHN P. FOSTER, Nocreek, Ohio Co., Ky.

ANGUS BULL CALVES

Registered and unrecorded. Stock flrstr
class, and breeding the best.

SHROPSHIRE SHEEP

First class yearling rams, and ewes of
all ages. Several FINE FARMS for sale.

WARREN RICE, - Winchester, Va,

150 Jacks, Jennets & Mules 150

Best assortment 1
ever owned. Can
suit you exactly.
Write for descrip-
tion and prices.

Also will sell tw»
Percheron stallions
at close figures.
BAKER'S JACK FARM,

Lawrence, Indiana.

rilNE JACKS.

Mulf s are equal to Gold Dollars, from

" youth to old age." Several nice ones

and 2 very line Jennetts for sale. Buy

Jack now and get him ready for spring.

Write your wants to

L. L. THOHAS,
722 W. Campbell Ave., - Roanoke, Va.

JACKS and JENNETS

FOR SALE.

Enclose 2 cent stamp for
new catalogue.
W. E. KNiaHTt CO.,

R. F. D. 5. Nashville, Tann.

^

1J*1;3.J

THE SOUTHERN PLANTEB

203

MARKET TOPPERS FOR SALE, LOW.

One thoroughbred Aneus cow, unregistered,
coming 3 yrs., with heifer calf at foot
Price, 575.

Four three-fourths Angus heifers, two coming
3 yrs., two coming -4 yrs., bred to reg. An-
gus bull. Price, J.50 each.

Four seven-eighths Angus heifers, coming 2
yrs., bred to reg. Angus bull. S50 each.

Three seveu-eighins Angus heifers, coming 1
yr. $30 each.

Four one-half Angus heifers, coming 1 yr.
J20 each.

One bull calf, out of a thoroughbred .Shorthorn
cow, by a reg. Angus bml. Price, S.50.

One St-mos.-old reg. Angus bull. Price 8100.

One 12-mos.-old reg. Angus heifer. Price, JIOO.
All of the above cattle are black, and as well
polled as a thoroughbred Anjius.

Eight beautiful reg. Angora goats, six does
which will kid soon, two fine bucks.
Price, 8100 for the lot.

One fine reg. Angus Bull Calf, .5 mos. old, at 875.

One pair Bay Mares, with black points, com-
ing 5 yrs. old. Weight, 1,200 lbs. each.
Well broken to harness and all farm ma-
chinery. An ideal farm team. Heavy
enough for farm work and active enough
for good drivers, and gentle enough for
anybody to handle. If sold very soon, will
tal^e 832.5.. which is very cueap.
Address W. M. WATKINS & SON,

Cottage Valley Stock Farm,

Randolph, Charlotte Co , Va.

SEED CORN

^^ FOR SATm^ ^^

By W. M. WATKINS & SON,

RANDOLPH, CHARLOTTE CO.,VA.
Snow White Dent.

This variety has proven the grandest mill-
ing corn in the world, and far above all other
varieties of White corn in average yield. Last
year from one bushel planted on ordinary high
land, without fertilizers, we gathered sixty
barrels of flue corn. Price, $1.50 per bus.

Pride of Cottage Valley.

A large eared, deep grained early white
corn with 16 to 24 rows on a cob and stalks 13
to 15 feet high, usually two ears to the stalk
and yielding an abundance of fodder. This
corn is very productive and makes the best
meal. Price, $1.50 ptr bus.

White Champion.

Earliest corn on record. Ears 10 lo 12 Inches
long, with 18 lo 20 rows on the cob. Good-sized
grains. Planted Juoe tenth, cut, and in .«hock
by Sept. tenth. From one gal. planted, we
gathered 12 barjels of good corn on ordinary
highland. Price. $2.50 per bus.

Early Yellow Variety.

Popularly known as Huron Dent, the most
perfect^shaped ear and most reliable •arly
yellow corn ever introduced. Planted May
10th. cut, and in shock by the latter part of
August. Price, $100 per bus.

lUPnDI PfllTC ^I'B handsome, hardy and
ANbUnAbUAlO profitable. For large clr-
onlar address E. W. COLE & CO.. Big Clilly, Ky.

Virginia Weather Service, Richmond,Va. '
Report for January, 1903.

Wisconsin Experiment Station, Madison, j
Wis. Bulletin 97. Licensed Com-
mercial Feeding Stuffs.

Imperial Department of Agriculture for
the West Indies, Barbados, W. I.
Seedling and other Canes in the Lee-
ward Islands.
Do. in Barbados. Hints on Onion Cul-
tivation. General Treatment of Fun-
goid Pests. Plaintalk to Small Own- 1
ers. West Indian Hams.

HE KEPT HIS VOW.

From an anecdote told by William Ele-
roy Curtis in his " Yankees of the East" '
it may be inferred that the attitude of
the small boy toward a fence is the same
in .Japan as in other countries.

Mr. Gobel, the missionary, built him j
self a modern house on what is known as
" The Bluff," south of Yokohama, and !
surrounded his grounds with the first
fence that was ever built in that part of
the world. It was mad« of bimboo pail-
ings, and the boys of the neighborhood
used to annoy the good missionary great-
ly by rattling sticks against it as they ran
along the street.

The British admiral lived just above
him, and had a very natty Tommy At
kins for an orderly. He wore a little
round cap on the northeast corner of his
head, and always carried a little cane of
rattan in his hand. One morning, having
been sent with a message, he appeared
before the admiral with his face bruised
and his uniform battered and torn and
covered with dust.

"Mercy on us!" exclaimed the admi-
ral, in astonishment at the spectacle.
" What has happened to you ?"

" Hi beg your parding, sir," replied
Tommy, "but as Hi was coming, along
hup the 'ill a-rubbing me stick against
the missionary's fence, sir, 'e come hout
in 'is pajamas and said as 'ow 'e 'ad vow-
ed by the grace of God to lick the 'ide off
the next man who did that, and 'e done
hit, sir." — Youth's Companion.

THE OLD BOY.

Mrs. C. was horrified to discover that
her little seven-year-old daughter was
rapidly acquiring the habit of alluding
very freely to the devil, and at last she
told her determinedly that a repetition
of the obnoxious word would bring se-
vere punishment.

The child knew that her mother was
in earnest, so she set a seal on her lips.
At last she seemed to have forgotten it ;
but one Sunday Mrs. C, who had been
too ill to go to church, asked her if she
could tell what the minister had preach-
ed about in his sermon.

"Oh, yes'm," she answered; "he preach-
ed about Our Lord going up into the
mountain and being tempted by — by —
by the gentleman who keeps hell !"

She didn't intend to run any risks of
being punished. — Lippincolt's.

" Does your cook ever wear your wife's
clothes?"

" I guess not. Why, my wife hasn't
anything the cook would be seen wear-
ing"

POLAND-CHINAS

P^r 'piSr* l?,^'.?^ "^^^'^ '■'"• biglily-bred
P. O. Pigs, 8 to 12 weeks old. lor May and
June delivery. Sired by Chief Best 4S3SS
and voorish Perfection S S4 177 "on and
grand-son of Chief Tecumseh 2nd 2ssi k
and Chief Perfection 2nS^ "ss'S .Ifpe'c^-
tively, and ol matured sows of Perfection
Tecumseh, Free Trade and Black U S. Breed-
ing. ALSO a youug >-o\v sired ijy Chief Best
and bred to M. Perfection S for ^nd litier

a/d';)^rn^e™br?^^'}n^g,^S??o^r ?.f,IS"d'^l?r

THOS. R. SMITH, Lincoln, London Co., Va.

ALBEMARLE PROLIFIC

SEED CORN

For 4 years past, the entire crop at Arrow-
head farm ha- been sold for seed, and those
who put off ordering until the last, could not
be supplied. We have several thousand
bushels for sale. Price, 817.5 in small lots-
ba.lf bus.,si.00; peck, 65o. No smaUer orders
shipped. If the land is good and properly pre-
pared before planting, and properly worked
after planting over 100 bus. per acre should
be the yield More forage will be grown than
from any other variety.

HRROWHEAD STOCK FARM,<=*'V,'°^'"'""«

' V'rgi ma.

5"ulL%".?sTF"oURPL0WS'S%"gE"o"-

Wade from best mate-
rial. Best workman-
ship. Best plows on the
market. Both right and
left hand. Sod, stubble
'and general-purpose
^ , - . — . - mould boards. Kither
steel or chilled. Wood, iron and steel beams
We makeover 100 different styles and klndTof
plows, including the celebrated Buich Full
line ot other agricultural implements. ' Write
for catalogue and prices. "m.«

THE TOLEDO PLOW CO . Oivis. S, Toledo, O.

TURKEY

EGGS

From heavy-weights with brilliant plumao-e
SaOOdoz. B. P. Bock and Pekin Duck E"ks"
81.00 per 15. A two-year-old Scotch Collie
female; bred from prize-winning imported
stock, well trained, 82.5.00, Pups, SIO 00

C. H. BENNETT, Goodman, Va.

WHISKEY

4 full quarts Corn Whiskey 10 years old, $3.60

J .. " '/. ". „" •■ " a.50

OA ,\, , Private Stock,

20 years old, for invalids and other

.loved ones qqq

Plain packages. Express paid. Purest
and Best Whiskey, and Oldest House
in America. Established 17H8— 135 years
ago. Justas Corn-bread is more whole,
some and palatable than Rye bread-
So with the Whiskey— so say all Doctors
-try it and be convinced. Nothing on
earth as beneflcial to weak lungs as this
absolutely pure mountain beverage.
THE OLD NICK WILLIAMS CO.,
Lock Box No. 1 1. Williams, N. C.

RUPTURE CURED while you work
(% w r ■ w n K You pay J4 when cured.
No cure, no pay. AJ.,EX. SPEIKS. Box »M
Weatbiook, jfaine. ' "

204

THE SOUTHERN PLANTER.

[March

NELSON AND THE COXSWAIN.

Just before the Battle of Trafalgar a
mail was sent from the English tleet to
England, and word was passed that it
might be the last chance to write before
the expected engagement. The letters
had been collected from the ships, the
letter-bags were on the vessel which was
to take them, and she had got some dis-
tance on her way, under full sail, when
Lord Nelson saw a midshipman approach
and fpeak to Pasco, the signal otlicer.
Then Nelson bhowed the side of his na-
ture which so often won the sailors'
hearts.

Pasco nttered an exclamation of disgust
and stamped his foot in evident vexation.
The admiral called him and asked what
was the matter.

" Nothing which need trouble your
lordship," was the reply.

" You are not the man to lose your
temper for nothing," rejoined Nelson.
"What was it?"

" Well, if you must know, my lord, 1
will tell you. You see that coxswain?"
pointing to one of the most active of the
petty officers. " We have not a better
man on the Victory, and the meseag^
which put me out was this : I was told
that he was bo busy receiving and g 'tting
oflF his mail-bags that he forget to put his
own letter to his wife into one of them ;
and he has just discovered it it his pock-
et."

"Hoist a signal to bring her back!"
■was Nelson's instant command. " Who
knows that he may not fall in action to-
morrow? His letter shall go with the
rest."

The despatch-vessel was brought back
for that alone. Captain Mahan tells this
Btory on the authority of the son of Lieu-
tenant Pasco, who used to say that the
Bailors idolized Nelson. Evidently it was
with reason.

HE GAVE THE REASON.

Uncle Silas, an inveterate horse dealer,
was one day called upon by an amateur
in search" of "something fast."

"There," said Uncle S., noir^ting to an
animal in a meadow below the house,
"there, sir, is a mare yonder who would
trot her mile in three minutes were it
not for one thing."

"Indeed !'" said the amateur.

"Yes," continued Uncle 8.; "she was
four years old last spring, is in good con-
dition, looks well and is a first rate mare,
and fche could go a mile in three minutes
were it not for one thing I"

"That mare," resumed Uncle S., "is in
every way a good mare ; she trots square
and fair, and yet there is one thing only
why she can't go a mile in three min-
utes."

"What in the name of thunder is it,
then 7" cried the amateur, impatiently.

"The distance is too great for the time,"
was the old man's reply.

"I don't care for looks or riches," she
said. "The man I marry must be a hero."

"You are right," my child, said the
father, "he must.

A. NEAT BINDER for your back
numbers can be bad for 25 cents. Ad-
dress theBuainesB Office.

NON^ AHEAD

npHETiK \s no hluder aliend of the Oifiniplon for etreucrth aud durnbUity. bpsideg It has valuable
* hnprovciiKMiTs which greatly lucrcase Its cnpaoify for handling (llfticult conditions of praln, and
are useful In the usual anil ordinary c ndltlons. The most important is the force feed elevator which
deliver? the grain positively but gently to the packincarms where It Is made into bundles, and choking
In tbeelevatnr and waste of grain arc prevented. Next l*) the eccentric power-frivins: irlieel on
the blntling attachment which plves the needle an Increase in po-'cr of 16 S-*! per cent over the commoQ
wheel, and permits the champion to bind large and tight bundles in the heaviest grain without jerk or
Btrain on the machine or on the team. Write for catalog describing these and other practical improve-
ments* on the Cliam[»i<>u binder, also on the Champion niow^ers and Champion hay rakos.
Handsome c.lc.red r:ilrnd:ir sent Ore uImi If riM)ue>-ted.
CHAMPION DIVISION. INTERNATIONAL HARVESTER COMPANY OF AMERICA, CHICAGO.

GLEN ALLEN HERD OF

..ABERDEEN-ANGUS CATTLE..

Headed by ALLENHURST KING IV 47199,

Assisted by VICTOR G., No. 37693.

I am now oflfering for sale a few choice young bulls of serviceable age, at a
bargain. Any one wanting bnlls from prize- winning families at a moderate
price, will save time and money by calling on or addressing

GLEN ALLEN STOCK FARM, W. P. ALLEN, Prop., Walnut Hill, Va.

SUNNY HOME HERD OF

ABERDEEN-ANGUS CATTLE.

BARON ROSEBOV (The great soa of the world-famous
QAV BLACKBIRD) in service.

Nearly all the leading families of the breed represented by females sired by the
most famous bulls of the age. Wechallenge comparis on both as to individual excel-
lence and pedigree. Another car of grand cows just arrived, personally selected
from one of the best herds in central Illinois. Ttie tops out of one hundred head.
Six animals of the same family and strain ai ROSEGAY (for two years the champion
of America), others equally good. All young stuff of weaning age sold ; am buoking^
orders for future delivery.

Write your wants ; we are bound to please you.

■ — A. L. FRENCH. PROPRIETOR. Fitzgerald. N. 0»

Rockingham Co., 24 miles south-west of Danville, Ya., on D. k W. Ry.

When oorresponding with Advertisers, always say that you saw theiv
advertisement in The Southern Planter.

IMS.]

THE 80TJTHEEN PT.ANTWTt

205

The Review of Reviews for March
opens with an editorial tribute to the
■late Dr. J. L. M. Curry, the veteran leader
of the movement for poi^iular education
in the South. In the same magazine,
Mr. George Perry Morris reviews the long
public career of the late ex-Senator Henry
L. Dawes, of Massachusetts, the steadfast
friend of the American Indian. " The
Sultan of Morocco and his Present Trou-
bles" ia the subject of an article by Dr.
Talcott Williams which embodies full
and accurate information regarding po-
litical and social conditions in Morooo ;
Mr. Walter WiUman describes the work-
ings of the United States Steel Corpora-
tion's great profit-sharing and stock-dis-
tributing plans ; there is a character
sketch of the Hon. George B. Cortelyou,
th« first Secretary of the Department of
■Commerce and Labor, by Mr. H. B. F.
Macfarland ; Dr. J. M. Buckley describes
the methods by which the Methodist
Episcopal Church has raised its '■ Twenty-
Milliou-Dollar Fund," to celebrate the
opening of the twentieth century ; Mr.
Winthrop L. Marvin sketches the recent
remarkable progress of Germany as a
ehip-building; nation ; " The Lumber In-
dustry of the Pacific Coast" is described
by Alvin Hovey-King ; Mr. Thomas C.
Martin gives the latest information as to
" Long Distance Power-Transmission in
Canadd" ; and the work of the first fed-
-eral Parliament of Australia is revieived
by the Hon. Hugh H. Luak. Other im-
portant topics of the day are editorially
treated in " The Progress of the World."

The Cosmopolitan Magazine for March
■contains a number of noteworty articles.
"" The Police System of Europe," by Ave-
ry D. Andrews, formerly Police Commis-
sioner of New York, embodies many of
the results of the investigations of the
author on his recent official visit to Eu-
rope, where he went to study the police
systems of the leading countries. It is
capitally illustrated. "The Selection of
a Home," by Clarence A. Martin, Profes-
sor Architecture at Cornell University, ia
the first of twelve articles on the general
subject of " How to Administer a House-
hold." Louise Parks Richards contri-
butes an interesting personal sketch of
the great painter. Von Lenbach. Two
other character sketches deal with James
Brooks Dill, the prominent corporation
lawyer, and Edward Henry Harriman,
the Western Railroad Czar. Elbert Hub
bard, in article on "A Gladiatorial Re-
naissance," makes out a strong case
against football as it is played to day,
«nd Tom Masson discusses how many
men a girl should be engaged to before
she marries. -'The Woman of Fifty,"
by Mrs. Wiison Woodrow, deals with the
victory of modern woman over her he-
reditary enemy. Time. Other articles
are : " The Young Napoleon," bv Field-
marshal Viscount Wolfeley. K. P."; " Man-
kind in the Making," bv H. G. Wells;
■"Insurance as a Profession," by Charles
F. Thwing, LL. D., President of the West-
•ern Reserve Universitv ; and " Beautv in
the Modern Chorus."' The March Cos-
mopolitan also contains four complete
«tories in addition to Henry Seton Merri-
man's new novel, " Barlasch of the
Guard."

POPUIAE, GOODS-POPULAR PRICES.

"£5fer New Universal

HAND SEEDERS AND CULTIVATORS.

ff^^SmUblefor^every

All stj'les. Only combination 1 and 3 wheel culti'

drill made. Everyway adjustable. All our tools h:
toug-h oak bent handles and are made of best matei
throughout. Send fnr catalog-, describin^complete Ir —
labor saving specialties. Free. "

'^""*"'"'^ Planter and Fertilizer

BILLINGS

For CORN,

BEANS, PEAS

and

BEET SEED.

If you want them, we fur-
nish Marker and Trip At-
tachraeut for rowing both

New Universal]
Wheel Plows.

THREE STYLES.

The best made. Light and strong.
AMES PLOW CO., 56 MARKET ST., BOSTOW. MASS.

For Sale by GRIFFITH & TURNER CO., Baltimore, Md.

JERSEY CATTLE^^

Bred from high-testing St. Lambert Cows.

LARGE YORKSHIRE HOGS.

The BACON BREED now leading all other breeds for making
high-priced bacon.

IUVDIAKT GAMES— The king of table fowls.

WHITE WYAWDOTTES— The beet general-purpose fowl.
WHITE liEGHORNS— All sold out.
Address

SIR JOHN BULL and UNCLE SAM

Have become so famous that I found a multiplication of their progeny
necessary to the filling of orders ; hence I have added a large

number of purest-bred Imported and
American Sows, no akin to my old herd,
and most of them now in farrow to Im-
ported Berkshire Boars of a new strain.

HUNTINQ DOQS and PUPS FOR SALE.

A DURHAH BULL CALF, a picture,
cheap. Write for particulars.

THOS. S. WHITE, Fasslfern Stock Farm, Liexington, Va.

When corresponding vritli advertisers, always mention
The Sonthem Planter.

2«6

THE 80UTKBRS PLAUTEB.

March

BOOKS.
Home Floriccltcre. A Practical Guide
to the Treatment of Flowering and Or-
namental Plants in the Houeeand Gar-
den. By Eben E. Rexford. Illustra-
ted, 5x7 inches, 300 pages, cloth. Or-
ange JuJd Company, New York. Price
postpaid, $1.

This fascinating book is written by one
of the most experienced amateur flori-
cnlturists and most pleasing writers in
this country. His intimate knowledge
of the wants of the people has cmvinced
him what is wanted in this direction is
not scientific text books, but plain, prac-
tical, eapily understood information,
which will enable those who love flowers
to grow them successfully. It has been
written from the author's life long per-
sonal experience among flowers, and not
from theory. Every detail in the princi-
ples and practice of plant growth and
management is concisely, clearlv and mi-
nutely explained, and yet there' is not an
unnecessary line in the book.

It treats on the soil for plants in pots,
potting, watering plants, insects and how
to fight them, care of house plants dur-
ing summer, fertilizers, diseases of plants,
winter precautions, dormant plauts, ap-
pliances for the amateur's use, small
greenhouses. Very complete lists and
descriptions of plants be:t adapted to
window culture are given, also of the
best outdoor annuals, hardy perennials,
shrubs, and plants for various purposes.
The closing chapter, entitled ".\fter
Thoughts," forms a unique and pleasing
combination of floricultural odds and
ends, without which the book would
have been deprived of one of its most
instructive and attractive features. Over
70 excellent illustrations add considera-
bly to the artistic appearance of the
book.

We can supply the book st the pub
lished price.

PAMPHLETS, &c.
The Menace of Arid Lands. An Ad-
dress delivered at the Farmers' National
Congress at Macon, Ga., by Gilbert M.
Tucker Editor of the Country Gentleman.
Mr. Tucker takes up strong ground in op-
position to the irrigation work which it is
hoped to put upon the back of •' Uncle
Sam." He thinks it would be woll to let
this alone until the farmers of the Ea.st
have had a period of prosperitv long
enough to enable them to show what j
Eastern lands can be made to produce.
No objection whatever to the owners of
arid lands doing all they can to make
their lands productive at their own ex-
pense. This is what the Eastern farmer
has to do.

Report of the A. 0. U. Committee on
the Protection of North American Birds,
and of the National Committee of Audu-
bon Societies. The good wo. k done bv
these ."Societies deserve" every support
from farmers. The birds are' his true
friends and ought to be protected by him
in every way possi tie.

We tender thanks to Senator Martin
for copy of the Congressional Directory,
2nd session 57th Congress.

machine: manufacture

IS THE

McCORMICK
BINDER . . .

During 1902 more McCormick machines were sold than In
any previous year, a fact which attests the wide-spread
popularity of the world-renowned machine. The seventy-
two years success of the McCormick has made this name a
household word throughout the world.

The McCormick is the machine to buy for 1903.

Write for beautiful McCormick calendar and copy of 1903 book entitled "A MODEL

MACHINE."

W. K. BACHE, Gen. Agt. for McCormick Machine,

RICH7UVOND.

VIRGINIA.

Reg. HOLSTEIN-FRIESIAN

CATTLE of the Netherland, De Kol, Clothilde, Pietertje and

Artis families. Heavy milkers and rich in butter fat.

Stock of all ages for sale.

Reg. 5ERKSHiRES From noted strains, Imported Headlight, Lord
Highclere and Sunrise.

<^:a^DORSE"T SHEER. ^^^£:>

B. PLYMOUTH ROCK CHICKENS^ Fifteen Cockerels for sale.
N. and w. and Southern R. R. T. O. SANDY, Burkeville, Va.

^SHORTHORNS'^.

2 Reg. Bull Calves; 2 Reg. Cows; 1 three-year-old Reg. Bull (immune) raised sontb.
of Petersburg. Va. All right in every particular.

^B. B. BUCHAXAX, Bedford City, Va.

1903. J

THE 80UTHBEN PLAJNTBB.

207

BILTMORE FARMS. - Biltmore, N. G.

Headcjuarters for GOUDEN LAD JERSEYS.

Also get of TREVARTH and GEN. MARIGOLD, > j« >

GOLDEN LAD'S SUCCESSOR, First and aweepatakes over all at the Pan-American Exposition the
champion JERSE? BULL OF AMERICA, and out of Golden Ora, our great pnze-winnmg cow, both
born and developed on these Farms, is among our service bulls.

Biltmore Jerseys are a combination of large and persistent milking qualities with an individuality
that wins in the show ring.

SPECIALTY. Write for descriptive circular of the best lot of young bull calves ever oflFered, both for breed-
ing and individuality. They are by noted sires and out of large and tested selected dams. Many of these
calves are fit to show and win in any company.

Ji ^

BILTMORE POULTRY YARDS.

j» j«

SPECIALTY. Write for descriptive circular of eggs from our prize- winning pens. Over 50 yards to select
from, made up of the winners at the leading shows for the last two seasons. If you want winners yon
must breed from winnera

HeadQuarters for the best IMPORTED ENGLISH BERKSHIRES.

APPLY TO BILTMORE FARMS, biltmore. N. C

The most popular Machine in use for Peanut Picking and Grain Threshing are the

HEEBNER'S,
LITTLE Gil ANT ^^^
PENNSYLVANIA

Machines, and they have splendid improvements for 1903.

They are built in first- class manner, and are strong and dur-
\ I '\. able. The price is within the reach of all. We guarantee

B.5a-*«^ them to do the work satisfactorily. We will mail catalogue
^^^^ ""l^'i?^ and testimonials, and quote prices on application.

- ^-: RUBBER, LEATHER

■J and

G&NDY BELTING.

PRICK'S "ECLIPSE"
ENGINES and BOILERS.

ERIE ENGINES and BOILERS.

THE CELEBRATED

"CHASE" SAW MILLS

This cut shows our 5 and 7 h.p, "Llttls
Samsom " Vertical Automatic Engine, for
nning threshers, peanut pickers, cutting

"DE LOACH" MfiCHINERY.feeCsaW.^fvte ,^

Larger sizes also furnished

STRATTON & BRAGG CO., 20-22 N. Sycamore St., Petersburg, Va.

208

TAB 80UTHEBN PLAinBa.

[Maich

PRICES FOR CANNING CROPS.

At a recent meeting of the Farmers'
Produce Associati jn of Centra) New York
at Oneida, the followinR bc ^edule of
prices for products grown for canning fac-
tories was adopted :

Evergreen sweet corn, 65c. per 100 lbs.;
Country Gentleman and Crosby corn, 80c.;
tomatoes, $10 per ton ; beets, 115 and |18; [
peas, $2.25 per 100 lbs.; cucumbers, $12 j
per ton. It was algo agreed that in cases
wlere members of the Association de- I
liver peas at the factory, and do not take
away the vines, the operators of the fac-
tory shall pay the farmer for the vines at
the rate of $S for each acre the farmer
has devoted to the culture of peas. This
schedule, in the form of an agreement, is
to be circulated among the farmers of the
adjoining towns for their signatures.

Canners are now making contracts with |
the farmers in our county for growing
peas. The seed supply is short, and the
growers must pay $4 per bushel for the
seed. The price to be paid for picked I
peas is 70 cents per bushel for "viner"
peas, 2} cents per pound shelled peas,
weighed as they come from the vines It ;
is not quite time for making contracts for |
tomato-growing. The canners claim that
$8 per ton will be their limit, but it will
not be surprising if the price will be 19
pertonaround this place, .^t thisaraount
per ton, another year of good yields will '
leave the farmers in fine financial condi i
tion. — W. G. D.\wsoN, Dorchester county '
Md., President Peninsula Horticultural '
Society.

HYMNS UP TO DATE.

An old gentleman of eighty-two, whose
occasionally cynical speeches are always
tinged with good humor, was asked hi"
opinion of modern church music.

" It's all very fine," he said dry'y,
" and I like to hear it ; but there's one
thing I've noticed. It may be just I
chance, but I've noticed it a good many !
times. I

" When I was a boy, the people went ■
to two services a day, and sometimes
three, and they sat on hard seats with i
straight backs, and sang with all their
hearts —

" My God, the spring of all my joys." ,

" Now the congregation lean comforia
bly back in softly cushioned pews and
listen to the choir singing —

"Alt thou weary, art thou languid."

I may be mistaken, but it comes home
to me, every now and then, that hym-
nology is changing to suit the times.

"" She used to say she'd never marry a
man who wasn't as beautiful as a Greek
god. What is her husband like?"

"Well, he'a left-haiuleil, cross-eyed,
stammers, and has a 'game' leg. He may
beaGreekgod turned inside out, though." , ___^__

Stranger (meetine old friend in New J» IHCUBAT0R5 ON 30 DAYS' TRIAL.
York). — How de do? Still living in New
York, eh?

.' Gothamite (who has just had half a
dozen narrow escapes from vehicles, sib

takedlmy
in me
old fashioned
way.

IDEAL
RAKEStMOWERS

ayf used nowadays
Ijy uplo date fai'mei's.

DEtRING DIVISION
INTERNATIONAL HARVESTER CO.

OF AMERICA

CHICAGO. U.S.A.

CISMONT DORSETS..

CISMONT STOCK FARM oflfers well developed young
Dorsets of the best blood of England and America.

Prir«!) reasonable.

G. S. LINDENKOHL, Keswick, Albemarle Go., Va.

THE WORLD'S BEST STANDARD HATCHER.^

ThmisaiifiB of the.se IncubalDrs are In .suciessful
operHtlou 111 the United Hliiles, Canada, wouth
Africa, NewZeiilaad,.Sw(;tflpn, England, HoIIhi d,
and Germany. TheRe niachliips operate to peifec-
tton and always hrlni^ ofTn larse brood of strong,
■ "' ' ' ' C'atMlogae with full particulars

^'i inlv^ng""' ^°'' ''*'"^ «-i^e«)- Y-e-8 I ^ ,„, j^, „^,„g_ .THE IxANniRDK C. INCUBATOR CO., Z,epf.-5, Rochester. N. Y., U. 8. A.

1»03.]

THB SOUTHERN PLAJTrEB.

209

$18.50

The Most Perfect Made.

We have other alvle diavs
for tlS.ao. We ssve you
aboat 1-Z in price.

Send for Our Catalogue "

Steel Ream CalUrator,

plain, with 5 ehOTela,

i32 pajres. Ei7(

!« Mathews New
MMel garden
drill, larpa sizi? with 11 tool*.

M./ 3 only, .ame prmci-

$15.95L'

blnatiODfl.
Most Wonderful Cul-
tivator Bargains evei
offered. Also Plows,

MARVIN SMITH CO.,

66.&7-59 N. Jefreraon Sb,
CUICAfiO, ILL.

A distinguished law5'er and politician
was travelling on a train wh^n an Irish
woman came into the car with a basket,
bundle, etc. She paid her fa.e, but tlie
conductor passfd b^' the lawyer without
<x)llecting anything. The good woman
thereupon said to the lawyer, "An' faith
an' why is it that the co.iductor takes the
money of a poor woman an' don't ask ye,
who seem to be a rich man, for any-
thing?" The lawyer, who had a pass,
replied. "My dear madam, I'm travelling
on my beauty." The woman looked at
him for a moment, and then quickly an
Bwered, "An' is that so? Then ye must
be very near yer journey's end"

A Scotchman in London noticed a
bald-headed druggist standing at his
shop door, and inquired if he had any
hair restorer.

"Yes, sir," said the druggist; "step in
side, please. There's an artitcle I can
recommend. Testimonials from great
men who have used it. It makes the
hair grow in twenty-four hours."

"Aweel," said the Scot, "ye can gie the
top o' yer head a bit rub wi' it; and 111
look back the morn, and see if ye're tell-
ing the truth."

The druggist returned the bottle to the
shelf, and kicked the errand boy for
laughing.

In au Iowa court, recently, a lawyer
arguing his case became very earnest.
Then he paused a moment and said : " I
see Your Honor shakes your head as to
that statement, but I desire to re affirm
what I have remarked." The court re-
torted : '■ I have not intimated how I
shall construe your evidence or what my
decision shall be. Your remarks are un-
called for." " You shook vour head,"
was the reply." "That may be true,"
retorted the court. " There was a fly on
my ear, and I reserve the right to remove
it any manner I see fit. Proceed with
your argument."

" Excuse me, but I am in a hurry.
"What do you want?" tie was asked.
"A job." "Do you? Well," suorted the
man of business, " why are you in such
a hurry?" "Got to hurry," replied the
boy. " Left school yesterday to go to
work, and haven't struck anything yet.
I can't waste time. If you've got nothing
for me to do, say so, and I'll look else-
where. The only place I can stop long
is where they pay me for it." " When
can you come?" asked the surprised mer-
chant. " Don't have to come," he was
told. " I'm here now, and would have
been to work before this if you had said
90." I

ANNEFIELD HEREFORDS,

" PRINCE RUPERT," No. 79539.

Winner Sweepstakes at Kansas City, 19C1. Herd rich in " Anxiety " blood.

BERKSHIRE HOGS_^^

FINEST STRAINS OF BLOOD.
INSPECTION INVITED CORRESPONDENCE SOLICITED.

EDWARD G. BUTLER, - " Annefield Farms," Briggs, Clarke Co., Va.

BACON HALL FARM.

PESEFOeDBiSTEBEDGflTTLE

"TOP" BREEDING, CALVES NOT AKIN.
MOTTO— Satisfaction or no Sale.

E, M. QILLET & SON,

Qlencoe, Maryland.

iCEREFORU CATTUB.— Calves, entitled to registration, »75 to JIOO. Grade Calves by "BIT

Bdward ' Cio to (40.
SBROPMHIBE NHEKP — Bucks, one year old and over, 115 to m. Back Lambs, July €»•

Uvery, $10. and $12. Ewe Lambs, jHly delivery, J8. and $10.
POI.A<«»-ClIIIIA WOfin — Pigs, six weeks old, »5. Pie; two or three months old, C7JB.

F^gs, At* months and over, 115 to $20.

M. BKOXZCTrRKKTS Toms, W. Hens, S3. Eggs, per sitting of 12, when In season, $4.

If mrOTT DVCKN Pure White Drakes, 11.25. Pure White Ducks, 11. Pairs, $2.25 ; trloa, •

BARRED PLTHOUTH ROfHS.

RurEH CIKEHE — Qanders, $2.60. Oeese, $e.aa. Egct, per slttins, $3.00

WILLIA_M L, Jr., No. 21058, half brother of Aitell, wlU s«rv« a limited number of mares Mr
t2S the seaxon. Mareg boarded at lowest Ogore* per montli.

210

THE 80UTHBBU PLANTEB.

[March

WHOLESALE PRICE ON AGRICUL-
TURAL CHEMICALS AND FERTI-
LIZERS.

The demand continues strong for the
leading ammoniates, withcut, however,
any special feature. Nitrates are firm
and business is of moderate proportions,
while inquiry from the Western farmers
is expected to develop before long.
Prices for potash salts have been fixed
for the year, and will remain unchanged
until the tirst of March next, when the
castomary enhancements take place.

AMMONIATES.

Nitrate of soda, spot, per 100 lb8..$ 2 05
Cotton-seed meal, per ton, c. i. f.

N.Y 28 00

Sulph. ammonia, spot 3 15

Dried blood. New York, low grade. 2 65
Dried blood. Western, high grade,

tine ground 2 75

Fish scrap, at New York 10

Tankage, per unit 10

PHOSPHATES.

Acid phosphate, per unit 60

Bone black, spot, per ton 17 00

Ground bone, per ton 23 50

8. C. phosphate rock, ground, per
2,000 lbs 5 50

8. C. phosphate rock, f. o. b. Ash
ley River, 2,400 lbs , dried 3 50

Florida high grade phos. rock, f.
o. b. Fernandina, per ton 7 00

Tennessee phosphate, f. o. b. Mt.
Pleasant, domestic 3 60

Double manure salt (48 a 49 per
cent, less than 2J per cent, chlo-
rine), per lb., shipment 1 09

Basis 48 per cent.

High grade manure salt (90 a 93
per cent, sulphate potash), ship-
ment 2 OS

Basis 90 per cent.

Manure salt, in bulk, 20 per cent.

pfr unit, O. P 64

POTASH.

Kainit, future shipment, per ton... 9 05
Keiseret, future shipment, per ton 7 35
Mur. potash, 80 p. c, future ship-

ment 1 80

—A'. }'. Jour, of Commerce, Feb. 17, 1903.

[Only highest prices quoted. — S. P.]

SUREHOLD TRDS-^ES
Mr. Alex. Speirs, Westbrook, Maine,
has testimonials from cured patients in
every State in the Union and in Canada
who have used his Surehold Trusses and
the medicine he recommends with per-
manent beneficial results. He a.sks an
opportunity of sending to every sufJerer
from hernia and kindred ills his free in-
formation for their benedt.

There is some pleasure in coming upon
an anecdote in which the barber does not
have the last word. .Judne relates this
dialogue: "Hair's very thin, sir." "It
was thinner than that thirty years ago."
"Indeed, sir! You surprise me. Why,
you don't lo:ik more than thirty now,
sir!" "Thirty yesterday !"

" Whv do you insist upon my pet bull-
dog riding in the baggage car? ' asked the
indignant matron.

" Because he has a grip, ma'am," chuck-
ed the porter."

POLAND CHINA BOARS

THE KIND THAT GETS BIG.

Send your check and we will tend you as good a pig as money will buy
anywhere, »lred by a son of " Proud Perfection." We pay the e.-ipressage.
No guesswork what the cost will be. If you don't like the pig give it a good
feed, send U Back, exprrssage prepaid, and we will return your check.

We are careful In eelectinc animals and would not sell a poor one at ANY
PRICE, for it would spoil ourtrade. PRICKS:— 2 months old, $10; 3 months
old, $11 ; 4 months old, $r2 No more sows or sow pigs for sale.

^ BULLFIELD

FARMS, - Doswell, Virginia. ^

LARGE ENGLISH BERKSHIRES

IMPORTED IN 1902.

OUR HERD IS CHOICE, BUT NOT LARGE.

Would you like your boy to get interested in Stock-raising and
I Farming.' Then whiy not buy a pair of CHOICE BERK-

J SHIRE Pigs and give him a start. WRITE

1 rOREST HOME EARM^ - Purcellville, Vo

hiz][lrg][5TfH][5Ti^[5ifa[5iia[5na][sPi[5ira[5^^

ECCS for HATCHING

y From Fowls of High Merit, Fresh, and a Good Hatch

itiuaranteeil of the following varieties:—
PLYMOUTH ROCKS, BROWN LEGHORNS, WHITE LEGHORNS
and PEKIN DUCKS at $i.oo per sitting of 15.
> BRONZE TURKEY Eggs, $3 per doz.

i Jersey and Gu^rnsHy Cattle and Berkshire Pigs. Four handsome

> . Oireat Danes and three Fox Terrier Puppies.

\ M. B. ROWE <& CO., Fredericksburg, Va

VS <SAA^SA^«MV^A^^^A^^^^ A ««^^AAAA^AAAAA^AA^^A^^^^^^^^^^

EASTERN SHORE POULTRY FARM.

S. C. WHITE, BROWN and BUEE LEGHORNS.

THE EGG MACHINES OF POU LTRYDOM.

The reoord at fuch shows aa Washington, D. C , Philadelphia and Ne-^ York proves

the quality of my stock is 8e(M)nd to none. I always breed my winners.

Correspondece cheerfully answered.

A. C. VAN DEMAN. leghorn specialist, Parksley. Va.

OLIVE'S PRIDE.

The GRFATESTOF ALL NEW STRAWBERRIES
It contaius more Doints of excellenc
tliiin any other variety Introduced In
recent years. WRITK Kull KRKK C.VTALOGUE; it tells you all about this
Brand vark-ly and forty otiier varieties of choice stock free from all diseases,
second crop seed Potatoes, eic. j y,, ^^lL, Marion Station, Md.

I nnn nnn strawberry plants

l.llllll. UIJU ■>>:•<. I IlK'in. Thompson's PBrliest, Mar

■7"'"" ^m^^ ;,„,, Annua will priilnii^'l lie season fro

100 Varieties. If you wish the
best and earlles't. von must
.Mrs. Mark Hanna Howell
.5 to 6 weeks. 200.000 Early
eisey, Wakefield Cahliace ami Leilnce I'lant-f r.ady to plant any time. Hardy Chrysanthe-
iiums, Dahlias, Tobacco Dust, ate. Address Originator, MARK T. THOMPSON, Rio Vista, Va.

1903. J

THE 80UTHEEN PLA_NTEB.

211

'But; a PLANO and get
LASTING SATISFACTION

For five years past you have not seen our advertisement in this
paper— we'\ e been"cram full"of business; had no need for more Our
lactones have been growing, but the satisfviug quality ol our machines
the same— a quality that's hard to rn-jt h at any price.

The Piano Binder holds the world's record for accurate tying; is the only
harvester with a Fly Wheel, l,ever Driven Binder, Friction Clutch Reel etc

The Jones Vertical Mower, though one of the simplest mowers made,' shows
many valuable features found in no other. Its Lifting I.ever brings the bar
light up to pass a tree or stump.

The Piano Husker and Shredder and Corn Binder are among the latest tri-

phs of farm implement construction; get doublf prufit from the corn crop

The Piano cataloeue t-'lls more aboiit' thi

PLANO DIVISION

International Harvester Co. of America, Chicago, Ills

CATALOGUES.
How to Make Money with Poultry and
Incubators, Complete Catalogue Cyphers
Incubator Company, Buffalo, N. Y. This
iB one of the finest catalogues we have
ever seen gotten out by any Incubator
Co. It reflects the highest credit on the
Co.

Peter Henderson & Co., Courtland St.,
N. Y. Everything for Garden. Price
20 cents. Like everything else gotten
out by this Co., this catalogue ia a credit
to the firm. Their old standing has given
them a reputation of which they are
jealous.

Weber Gasoline Engines and Hoists,
Kansas City, Mo. This firm has adapted
the gasoline engine to all kinds of work,
and makes it a success.

W. F. Allen, Salisbury, Md. Strawber-
ry Catalogue. Mr. Allen is an old grower
with an established reputation.

Jno. W. Hall, Marion Station, Md. Mr.
Hall makes a specialty of strawherriep
»nd second-crop potatoes for seed. He
has built up a trade in these and means
to keepit if quality and price are counted.

Morrell & Morley, Benton Harbor.
Mich. Eclipse Spray Pumps and Spray-
ing Apparatus. Makers of some of the
best pumps and sprayers in use.

Field Force Pump Co., Elmira, N. Y.
Spraying Puoips, Well Pumps. Force
Pumps, Nozzles, etc. A reliable house.

Wm. Cooper & Nephew, Illinois St.,
Chicago. Makers of Cooper's world-
known Sheep Dip.

Hammond's Slug Sho'. Benj. Ham-
mond, Fishkill on Hudson, N. Y. In-
secticides and Fungicides.

Diggs t^ Beadles Inc., 1711 Franklin St ,
Richmond. Seedsmen. A very neatly
gottenup catalogue.

Mention the So'itkern Plantervihea cor-
eepoDding with advertisers.

TWO CROP ESSENTIALS

are cultivation and keeping down weeds.
More important than deep cultivation is
keeping the surface stirred, breaking the
crust due to rains, and allowing the light,
air, moisture and warmth to penetrate
quickly to the roots of the growing plant.
For doing just these things the ideal imple-
ment is the

Adjustable Weeder
and Shallow Cultivator.

It kills the weeds at first showing, the top soil is pulverized and kept mellow, the plant
roots are not disturbed and the moist suii is not brought up to dry in the sun. Ad.iustable
in width. Narrows to 30 inches, widens to 7'/^ feet. Strong, runs steady, no cumbersome
shafts. Furnished either with roimd teeth or with flat to suit different soils, as we are
licensed by the Hallock Weeder Conipanv to use their famous flat teeth. Weeder booklet
mailed free. We also make 10 styles Corn Planters, 12 styles Cultivators. 20 styles Corn Shel-
lers, hand and power. Harrows, Field Rollers, Feed Cutters, etc. Write for catalogue C.

KEYSTONE FARM MACHINE CO.," 1554 N. Beaver St., York, Pa.

KEYSTONE

A Perfect Weeder

in all soils, under all conditions. The all important feature of flexibility
of teeth is near perfection in the YORK IMPROVED.

Made of square spring steel with round points, and set stag-
gered in stron-? but flexible angHe steel frame, wide eleuraDcc. no y^
• locu-lne. teftlitoo stroiis to break. Itcltipliesprodiicing qualities /-y^l
of soil En.l does not whip or bruise growinc nKuit. Adjustiibl.-f // 11
handles .'.-id sliafts. Write for free descnplive eircular.
Cpn77ij!cr :^anufactui*ing Co., SOI Qii:en Street, Yorlc, Pa.

ING IS EASY

CDRAY

^^k ^^ ■ ^f * and you liave an outfit always ready at a moment s
_ ^fc I p *^ notice for a small or large job in the

^#^ GARFIELD KNAPSACK SPRAYER.

Best sprayer made for nlne-tenttis of all work, as Cotloi

Shrubbery, etc. Easily carrit-d and worked, simple and durable. Lopjjer

back, and all brass pump. Nothin,^ to corrode. We also make the Empi

Monarch, mounted sprayers Cor lariiice operations, and others for all pur p'

in free catalog. Wnte forit. FIELD FORCE PU MP CO.. 223 Eleventh St. .Elmira. N.Y

Tobacco, Potatoes, Cardens,

e. CopiJertanb concaved to flt
- the Emoire King and Orchard

IS. Fully described

HOIiSTflNS THAT PAY.

Purchasers are offered selections from our herd, both male and female ;
our cows are of the leading strains, including De Kols, Pauline Pauls, Mech-
thildes. Hengervelds, Nether'ands, Aggies, etc., etc. They are 11 well bred
and milking from 40 to 65 lbs. per day. Herd headed by Dry ALWINA
Count Paul De Kol and DeKoI 29 Butter Boy 3rd No. 2.

THOS. FASSITT & SONS, Ury Stock Farm, Svlmar, WId.

212

THE SOUTHERN PliA^TTBR

[Maroh

If the two young people of whom "An-
swers"' telli this story were not reconciled
by their own absuraity, they at least fur-
nished amusement for others.
I They had been engaged, but had quar-
reled, and were too proud to make up.
Both were anxious to have people be-
lieve that they had entirely fo gotten
each other.

He called at her home one day to see
her father— on business, of course. She i
answered the door-bell. |

Said he: "Ah, Miss Jepkin, I believe.
Is your father in?"

" No, sir," the replied, " father is not
in at present. Do you wish to see him ;
personally?"

" I do," he answered, feeling that she
was yielding, " on very particular per-
sonal business," and he turned proudly
to eo away.

I beg your pardon," she cried after
him, as he reached the lowest step, " but
who shall I say called?"

The little daughter of the house sat
down beside the minister, and began to
draw on her slate. '"What are you doing?"
asked the clergyman. '' I am making
your picture," said the child. She work-
ed away earnestly, then stopped, com- :
pared tier work with the original, and
shook her head. " I don't like it much," '•
she said. "Taint a great deal like you
I guess I'll put a tail to it, and call it a
dog."

The pamphlet, "Stassfurt Industry,"
ust published, contains an interesting
description of the famous potash mines
in Germany, from which all the potash
imported into this country and used for
manuring is derived. The chapter about
the use of potash in agriculture as one of
the important ingredients of a complete
fertilizer, adds largely to the value of the
book, and among the many fine illustra-
tions, those showing the experiments at
Southern Pines, X. C.. are of particular
interest to practical farmers. Copies of
this pamphlet can be had free by writing
to the German Kali Works 93 Nassau
St., N. Y., and mentioning the Southern
Planter.

The Morewood Poultry Farm sends us
its annual catalogue. It is descriptive
of their prize-winning Plymouth Rock
White Wyandottes, Black Minorcaa and
Partridge ^Cochins. This catalogue in
nicely gotten up and will be sent free to
all applicants.

A county curate in England who was
newly married called on a great lady of
the village, and, as he presented his wife,
introduce<l her with the flippant and hor
ribly ill bred quotation, "'A poor thing,
madam, hut mine own.'" The lady,
looking at the curate severely, replieil :
" Your wife ought to have introduced
yon as '.A. poorer thing, but mine owner.'"

" These aren't the kind of biscuits my
mother used to make," he said. " Oli,
Oeorge" she faltere<l, on the verge of
tears. " Well, they're not," he repeated,
emphatically. " "They're enough sight
better." And then the sun came out
again. I

LONG'S WHITE TARTAR OAT

The Ideal Oat for the American Farmer.

Remarkably early, of robuet and vignrous constitntinn. Iriimonse yicldi-r. Described and
lllastrated in our Catalc.Kue of this KeHMon. 7."ic. jht perk: *L' 00 per bush, of 33 Iba.;
10 bu«h.. *1 K.I per bush : 30 bush , »1 7.". pcrbuwh.; 100 bush, f Lf.-I p<T bush.

Our AMERICAN KAKMEH.S" M ANVAL for 19o:i.a book of 4+ pnjres (85 illastra-
tiou8) devote<I entirely to Grass and other .^seeds for the Farm. niaile<l free on application t«
tlioftc who btate where tbe.v saw this ndvertist'ment. Correspondence invited.

PETER HENDERSON & CO,.™«rsTNEW YORK.

.A.Xyi.A.I^Cr.A.IME

( -W- ARflANTEO )

Southern areuts for "Eclipse" Orchard Spmv Pumps, msda
by .Morrlil A .Morley, Bentor Harbor. .Mich : Cat. free. We pay
frVlght on same. Krick Co.'s Eugines, Thresherts, .Siw Mills, etc.,
easy paymeiitJ*. Cat. free. Gas and Ga.-^olene Kngines. Cannlne
Machinery. Boggles, Snrreys. Waaons. etc. O'Iglual '•Dandy"
Belting, 7 in.. 4 ply, j>er ft.. 20c.; 8 in.. 22<-.; 10 In., 28c. Disston
Saws and Joints and holders. Orders from this point whole-
sale to consumers.

ECLIPSE HARDWARE aid M'F'G CO., Box R, Shilok.Va.

BLACK-LEG-INE

Pasteur Blackleg Vaccine ready for use. H^ln'^'^lf

Single Blacklegine (for common stock): 10 close box, $1.50;
20 dose box, S2. 50; 50 dose box, $6.00. Double Blacklegine (for
choice stock) $2.00 for 10 doses, first lymph aud second lymph incla-
sive. Blacklegine Outfit for applying Blacklegine, 50 cents.

Pasteur Vaccine Co.,

CHICAGO - NEW YORK - FT. WORTH - SAN FRANCISCO

RICH HARVESTS

WILL BE REAPED BY

SPRAYING NOW.

All klads and sizes of SPRAY PUnP5.

Write for new catalogues and price-lists.

Our puiupB are used by the Virginia and North

Carolina Agricultural DeparlineDts.

SYDNOR PUMP AND WELL CO.^ Inc.,

Box 946, RICHMOND, VIRGINIA.

GASOLINE ENGINES. WIND MILLS,

RAMS, TANKS.

WATER SUPPLY CONTRACTORS.

ARTESIAN WELL DRILLERS.

The Weed K-rrossne Sprayer, with de-
tachabtr kerosene tank, u bucke', knap
Back and kerogooe »pra.ver all In one.

It03.] THE 80UTHBEN PLAITTBE. 218

Hackney Stallion CIsmont,

J^. HI. S. B. 399.

IN THE STUD AT CISMONT FARIYI,

One and a half miles from Keswick, Va., on the C. & 0. Railroad.

Telephone Connection with CHARLOTTESVILLE and RICHMOND, VA.

For approved mares, $10.00 the season with return privilege, or

$15.00 to insure.

tG. S. LINDENKOHL, Owner, Keswick, Albemarle Co., Va.

^

IMPFRIAI FRUIT AND POULTRY pflRM

Is now booking orders for Eggs from the best strains and careful matings of

Barred Buff and White Plymouth Rocks,

Silver-Laced and White Wvandottes,

S. C B. Leghorns and Mammoth Pekin Ducks,

AT S1.00 PER SITTING.
EGGS FROM BLACK DEVIL RIT GAMES.

Never known to run. The grittiest of all games. $2 per Sitting. We give 15 Chicken and 13 Duck Eggs for sitting.

Offer Fifty Barrels White French or Jerusalem Artichokes at $2.50 per 3 bus. bbl.

The cheapest of all hog feeds. I raised 500 bushels on one acre of only fair land. Order at once. Write name and
address plainly. Remember, the express is no more on 2 or 3 sittings than on one. Refer to Augusta National Bank
and former patrons. Satisfaction guaranteed or money refunded.

P. H. HEYDENREICH, = Staunton, Va.

214

THE 80DTHEBN PLAiiTER.

[March

HUMORS OF TRAVEL.

T love the cheerful Western liar. He
has more humor in him than the Eastern
liar. He is at his best when talking to
the tenderfoot. John Gould and I sat
together on a Minnesota train ; John re
gembles a deacon in the church and I
carry a meek and subdued countenance.
The big burly man in the seat in front
turning to us announced that he was
from the Black Hills. We expressed our
wonder. "That's a bad country out there,"
he went on. "You go into a butcher shop
and the best cuts are eight cents ; that is
because the meat is all 'rusted.' The
men go out at night and shoot a steer
and bring in his meat, leaving the hide
where it lay. You see the brand is on
the hide and they don't dare take that.
A man can swear to the hide but not to
the meat."

" How are the cattle thriving out
there?" I asked. "Fme. There have
been no storms to amount to anything.
If vou want to know about bad storms
in Dakota you can find all about them in
the Eastern papers ; you don't find them
anywhere else. Yes, it is a fine cattle
country, but after all it takes nearly four
acres to support a steer a year." I ex
pressed wonder and suggested that I had
supposed that nearly forty acres would
be required. ''Yes, along the blufls the
land has all slid ofi into the river and
left the rock bare. There it takes a good
deal of country. I asked if there were
many Texas cattle in his country. ''No,
none at all. Y'ou see the Texas cattle
have the tuberculosis so bad that the
Government had to shoot more than 160
at one time and since then they have not
allowed them to come in. Texas cattle
have tuberculosis, and in Texas it is
very bad. I am breeding; the black
Angus Galloway Aberdeens; they are
fine cattle and very hardy. The Gov-
ernment agents kill a good many cattle
to keep from losing their jobs. You see
if they did not pretend to find some sick
stock there would be no use for them
and they mij^ht lose their jobs. You
would laugh to see how they inspect
horses for the cavalry. They will throw
out three or four from each bunch, but
that fellow will just put them into some
other man's bunch and next time they
will be passed all right and some others
thrown out. In that way the Govern-
mens agents keep their jobs."

This is a sample of his talk. When I
quietly told him that I had been a
rancher myself and had traveled over
every range State except Arizona, he
drew in hii horns and began to talk of
mining operations, concerning which he
had similar wondert to relate, such as
finding wealth untold in digging a hotel
cellar and blowing away all surrounding
buildings with dynamite to get at the
masses of ore. John Gould and I are
having plenty of fun out here.

Joseph E. Wing.

p. Chlnaa

Berkshire,
Whites. Klue large
strains. All ages nmt«(l
not ftltln. 8 week. pigs.
Bred sows. Service boars _ _

and Poultry. Write for prlcesandfreeclrcular.
P F HAMiLTON, Cochranvllle, Chester Co., Pa.

The Miller MANURE SPREADER and PULVERIZER

Is a macbine everv farmer should have. It will SAVE VOU Us cost in a short while.
iT MAKES FRIEISOS WHEREVER SOLD.

wri!l?orrtS!ogae. THE NEWARK MACHINE CO.. - Newark, Ohio.

Mention the Southern Planter when you write.

THE GREAT WESTERN

Manure Spreader

:EHDLtSS APRON "

maDy advantages which it i

and ready to receive the load without
ng back cither by hand or complicated.

It's always

lad with

ly brukeo machinery. The froot and r

leng^th which, with the

Broad Tires Preyents^ RuttiDg

dr5-.froz.

LIGHT DRAFT. SPREADS ALL KINDS OF MANURE, ,, ^

hulls, etc. C»n be chanccil InntantlT to.prenrt thick orMnvhUcth

l?S''t;.-o'„Vs'.c^;.r.,END GATE AND BEATER AND HOOD PROTECTOR IN USE
T.i,r.' POSITIVE GUARANTEE ?.^l\lr,"^,V^'e:>'^>"?:r.^^,,?".l^"-'^^^^

C«talorue— the best and most complete spreader cauluR ever published, _ .. .

SMITH MANURE SPREADER CO., 59 N. JEFFERSON STREET, CHICAGO, ILU

seed and
In motion— S to «5

Made of best ma-
terial inevery way

. All parts breaking within one year

Write for free lUustratedsDdOescrptlT*

If^iflC Pulverizing Harrow

It V Iff! k ^^^ Clod Crusher and Le

Sizes
3 T0 13 1-2 Feet.

Agents
Wanted

Leveler

SENT ON TRIAL

To be returned at my expense if not satisfactory.
The best pulverizer — cheapest Riding Har-
row on earth. We also make walk-
ing Acmes. The Acme
crushes, cuts, pulverizes,
turns and levels all
soils for all pur-
poses. Made en-
tirely of cast steel
and vvroujilit iron
—indestructible.

Catalog and Booklet, 'Mn Ideal flarroiv."\>\ Heno' Stewart, mailed tree.
I deliver free on board at New Yorlc, CliiMito, Columbus. Louisville, Kgnsas City, Minneapolis, San Francisco, etc.
AddresB DtlANR H. N4SH SOI P MANUFACTURER . MiLLINCiTON, ,\EW JERSEY.

PtE.4SE MKNTION THIS PAPER.

RIJMSEY=WILUAMS COMPANY

'WtfUffS^jPl^l

QASOLIINK ENGINES and
GRAIN THRESHERS.

ST. JOHNSViLLE, NEW YORK.

1903.]

THE SOUTHBEN PLAN'IBB

215

LET THERE BE FREE BUYING j
COMPETITION. I

The United States Circuit Court says I
that all of the big packers and the little j
ones too, for that matter, engage J in buy-
ing live stock at Chicago, must quit their
secret methods employed to hold down |
prices. This is as it should be. The in i
junction of the Court against the so-called
beef trust, if obeyed, must mean a broader
market for farmers' shipments of meat
animals to this great packing and distrib
uting centre. The arraignment against
the long time actions of the cattle-buyers
is concise, far reaching and just.

The Court finds a clear case of combi
nation. It finds that the defendan-.s are
engaged in an unlawful conspiracy under
the Sherman act,thi8 being manifested in
various ways : That the big packers of
live stock direct their buyers at tUe yards
to refrain from bidding against each
other; that they not infrequently bid
higher prices for a few days in order to
induce large shipments from the country,
subsequently depressing the market to a
point much below the normal level ; that
they have secret agreements about fixing
the prices of meats and the quantities to
be shipped, and that they use harmful
methods in restricting trade, requiring
their agents throughout the United States
to impose uniform cartage and delivery,
thus increasing to dealers and consumers
the cost of meat ; and, finally, that un-
just agreements are made with the trans-
portation companies for rebates and other
discriminative rates.

This condition of afiairs, succinctly
described by the Federal Court, has long
been so understood by common agree-
ment in trade circles. But if the na-
tional law, framed to regulate trusts,
means anything, it should be enforced.
The great packing interests of the coun-
try have done much in the last twenty
years to solve the question of economi-
cal distribution of meat animals, and
are given proper credit for this. It does
not follow, however, that they can be
permitted to crush out all competitive
bidding in what should be a free and
open live stock market at Chicago, at
Missouri river points, or elsewhere.

Gilhooley — Oi jist bought me a bottle
of hair restorer.

Mulcahey — But your hair ain't falling
out.

Gilhooley— Thot's jist it! If Oi shtarr
UBin' it now, Oi won't git bald when me
hair does fall out.

Offended Mother — Now, Bobby, don't
let me apeak to you again !

Bobby I helplessly)— How can I pre-
vent you, mamma?

Split Hiekory Buggy Bargains

Sold direct to user from factory atfactorj' price?, sent sDywhere on 30 DAYS* FREE TRIAL
and puarantced for two years. Our 1903 catalogue Im notv ready and ooutaiiiM liun-
dredn orexclii!sive »>i^'le»i ofvehloles and harneNS of every deMcriptiou. It is free
and you should send for it before buyinp a vehicle or harness. We manufacture every vehicle
W6 otler for sale. If you get a Split Hickory you arc sure of getting somethini? that will please
you and a bargain. Remember you can only buy a Split Hickory of us direct as we do not
sell jobbers or dealers. ^— --=^

SPLIT '^HICKORY
WINNER

iyrshires, Bsrkshirss and Oxfard-Downs.

Ayrshire calves of both sexes, Berkshire

Slgsand boar, and 2 Oxford-Down Rams For
ale. MELROSE C4STLE FARM,

ENOa H. HESS, Manager, Casanova, Va.

FOR^iliertleen-Snps Cattle

Choice breeding. Registered bulls ready for
service. Address A. D. PARR, care A. G. PARR,
Jeffersonton, Va.

This IB c

SPLIT HICKORY
HUMMER

Has 30 nz. full
top, split hickarv
wheels, hfsteleel
axles & Fpnnse,
anely fini^^hed.
neat, t^trnne and
substantial, the
best value ever
offered at the price,
Sold on 30(iaye' f
a bargain and if ^
$15.00 send it back.
And here Is oui

SPLIT HICKORY
SPECIAL

the buggy that
won 6 u c h
favor In every

=ider you have saved date

every user. Hai
Renuine leath*
er quarter top,
' sprmg cushloQ
and back, boot,

_- carpet, double

nd If it don't prove itself braced shafts, in fact evprythlDgcompleteandup-to-
''"*" ''" -oomy, comfortable, easy riding and light

- _.- Everyone shipped on trial, no questions

asked if not satisfactory; just send it back It It len't
t20. 00 cheaper than equal quality at retail.

This Is our

Split Hickory
VFASHION"

extension t<\p

SURREY

Roomy, com-
fortable, strong
and substantial.
Equal to surreys

elble to give

description here.

Has lOO points of v/Yv/vi\xy x/m-»-i*x/-

morlt. Nothing like it ever offered vehicle buvers VZ Nd-^iX jr XZ ry^.i \ y that retail for

before. We only ask a comparison with a $65.00 bugcy "^■:AU-i>l-- ==-'— ^from $100 to $125.

at retailandif.in your Judgment, It isn'tbetter don't Will last a lifetime. Everyone shipped on 30 days*

keep it. Costs you nothing for the trial. free trial and guaranteed two years.

Write at once for our free catalogrie of vehicles and harness; a penny spent for a postal

jay save you $25.00. Remember there is only one place to get Split Hickory Veliicles

<tid that is at our factory. We have no agents.
>1IO CARRIAGE MFG. CO.,

Station 41, Cincinnati, Ohio.

30 YEARS SELLING DIRECT

We are the largest manufacturers of vehicles
and harness in the world selling to con-
exclusively.
HAVE NO AGEXTS

butsiiip aDywherefor

No. 327— Surrey. Price i
A=i p""i 39 sells for $5l> r

ELKHART CARRIAGE & HARNESS MFG. , CO. Elkhart, Ind.

DEAL DIRECT ^Ji^E" FACTORY

Don't pay retail price for carrieiges or harness. Write for our catalogue and
leurn about our Si'stem of selling direct from factory to customer. Two profits
are saved to you. Satisfaction is guaranteed, or you can return the purchase
and we will pay freight charges both ways. We havo the largest assortment
of bLii;gii:*s, surreys, phaetons, carriages, and other higli grade vehicles,
well as harneas. horse rugs and other horse accessories, in America.
Write for the catalogue to-day.

THE COLUMBUS CARRIAGE & HARNESS COMPANY. . ^^.

Factory and General Office, COLUMBUS. 0. \ Write to v aL

Western Office and Disinbu+ing House. ST. LOUIS, MO. /nearest office.

OUT THIS AD OUT i

and send to us and

nail yoo

ree our 1903 spe-

been the most complete bouk printed, antl for
Jard from which others fijjure — welead.the

icrs follow. Top Buggies 27.90. The greatest buggy offer ever made ■!

341.70 Top Buggies witfi guaranleed rubber tires at 945.00. 45st)'lesto

andlia

catalopue. It ha!

t from

lithe

ag Wagons. Sprintj Wagons,

nopya

D$ll;

buy until you get our catalog and see our wonderful offers.

MARVI.N SMITH CO., 55-57-S9 North Jeffersoa Street, Chicafo, Illigols.

When you write to an advertiser, always say you saw the ailver-
tisement in THE SOUTHEEN PLANTEB.

216

THE SOUTHERN PLAJSTBR.

[March

THE SAN JOSE SCALE
PROPOSITION'.

Bt R. S. Emokv, Kbst County, Md.

You could not begin the new year will.
• proposition that ie of greater interest to
fruit-growers than the eradication of tlu-
Ban Jose ecale. It is of iuterest to ever>
horticulturist in this country, and mos'.
people who expect to grow fruit in the
the future mu^t consider the scale in n
very careful way in planning their or
cbarde. The insect is now bei;oaiing f(
generally disseminated, one can H^r^elv
find an orchard of any very great extern
that is exempt from it I know of sev-
eral peacQ orchards, mw dead from tht
attacks of this pest, as a result of care
lessness or indifft^reuce on ttie part of ibf
owner, who did not consider the mittei
in a serious light. When these treet
should have been in their prime and
yielding. good returns, it was necessary t(
dig them up and burn them. We hart
togrjw the trees before we can get i\n
fruit, and in many cases the pests get be
yond our control unless we keep a clott
watch on the creatures all the time.

I know of one peach orchard five years
old from which about 6.O1O baskets ol
fine fruit were picked and sold in 1901.
while not a peich was gathered last yeai.
The scile was so bad the trees were ton
out and destroyed. Another orchard sij
years old had over 2,000 baskets pickeo
from it last year and is now nearly dead
and will have to be taken up in tht
spring. These are illustrations of wha;
this pest can do in a short time, if it ir
not taken in hand. In my own case, )
am satiefied that we shall be obliged t'
practice diflerent methods of fruit grow
mg, if we retain control of our orchardh
Hereafter I shall practice more intensivi
culture, plant my trees nearer together
head them near the ground and giv.
more careful attention to larger area con
taining a larger number of trees than for
merly.

As a pioneer in the use of the whalt
oil soap method, I still believe that thif
material can be used to good advantage
in most cases. But in all my pra<-tical '
experience nothing has been so effective!
as the gas treatment. In peach orchards (
I shall hereafter depend on the use of;
hydrocyanic acid eas until the trees are '
five or six years old, or even longer, if I
can handle the apparatus conveniently.
My plan would be to fumigate the young 1
trees the second, fourth and sixth year j
after they were planted, thus making !
three fumigations. When properly han '
died, nothing has been so satisfactory as '
the gas treatment on my place. ,

I am now ooni'tructing a series of emal' I
box tents, which were designed by Prof

FIVE TOOTH Cultivators UNEQUALED

All steel. BlDgleand'
double lever •. Fur- I
nlsbed with front and
^. .— — .— rear wheels. .><even

"■M "Mk- •**. •^'(^Driag Teeth attach-'
ments. Cultivator sweeps, lieverslble and ■
adjustable Horse Hoe Celery Hillers. Best in !
the world. All kinds of o'her agricultural
Implements. We can save you money. Write |
us for cjitalogue and prices. 1

THE TOLEDO PLOW CO., Dtvla. S., Toledo, oj

Your money back

Ef you are not satisfied

DO YOU SUPPOSE that a company with a capital of SSOO.OOO.Oa paid in full, and tha
proud reputatioD of 36 years of continuous success, would make such an offer and not carry
It out to the letter?

DO YOU SUPPOSE we would jeopardize our standing with the public and our chances
of still greater success by failing to fulfil any promise we make ?

DO YOU SUPPOSE we would make such an offer if we did not have the utmost confi-
dence in the satisfying quality of our goods ?

WE KNOW we can please you and save you money, for HAYNER WHISKEY goes
direct from our distillery to vou, vrith all its original richness and flavor, carrying a UNITED
STATES REGISTERED DISTILLER'S GUARANTEE of PURITY and AGE and saving
you the big profits of the dealers. That's why it's best for medicinal purposes. That's why
it's preferred for other uses. That's why we are regularly supplying over a quarter of •
million satisfied customers. That's why YOU should try it

Direct from our distillery to YOU

Saves Dtaltrs' Profits! Privsnts Adultsration ! ^""

HAYNER WHISKEY

PURE SEVEN-YEAR-OLD RYE

4 FULL $0:20 EXPRESS
QUARTS O PREPAID

We will send you POUR FULL QUARTS of HAYNER'S SEVEN-YEAR-
OLD RYE for 13.20. and we will pay the express charges. When you receive
the whiskey, try it and if you don't find it all right and as good as you ever
drank or can buy from any body else at any price, then send it back at our
expense and your 13.20 will be returned to you by next mail. How could
an offer be fairer? We take all the risk and stand all the expense, if
the goods do not please you. Won't you let us send you a trial orderf We
Ship in a plain sealed case; no marks to show what's inside.

Orders for Ariz., Cal.. Col.. Idaho. Mont.. Nev., N. Mex.. Ore.. Utah. Wash,
or Wvo.. must be on the basis of 4 Onarts for S4.00 by Express
Frepaid or SO quarts (or SIO.OO by Freight Frepaid,

Write our nearest office and do it NOW.

THE HAYNER DISTILLING COMPANY

ATUNTA- GA. DAYTON, OHIO ST. LOUIS, Ma ST. PAUL, MINN,

156 DISTILLSBT, TBOT, O. ESTABLtSEED 1866.

OHAHTeneo is 70.

Merchants National Bank

O^ niOHItOHO, VA.

OMlj^nated Depository of th« United States, City of
Rlobmona and CXimmonwealtb of Virginia.
Being the largest Depository for Banks between Baltlmors
and New Orleans, this Bank offers superior taollltlea for
direct and quick oolleoUons.

JNO. P. BRANCH,

President.

JNO. K. BRANCH,

'^ioe-PiMiaant

Capital Stock, $200,000.00

Sarplu aad Profits , $600. 000,00

JOHN F. QLKNB,

Uaahler.

DISBOTOBS.— Jotm;P. Branob, B. B. Uimford, Chas. B. Strlnxfellow, Thos. B. Soott, B. W.
Branch, Frsd. W. Soott, Jas. H. Dooley, Jno. K. Branch, A. 8. Boford, R. 0. Morion. Andrew
Claalnl, Jr., J. F. Qsorse, Alex. Hamilton, Bam'l. T. Morgan.

1903.J

IILB 80UTHEKN PLAKTEB.

217

Johnson, in hia book on " Fumigation
Methods," as the " Emury Fumigator."
With a eufBi-ient number of these small
box fumigators, I have proved by actual
experience that I can keep the pest in
check aad st'cure crops of fruit at a small-
er expense than when I resort to epray-
ing. When the trees get beyond the
height where I can fumigate them readi-
ly I will resort to spraying.

THE OLD-TIME PEDLER.
"Don't the pedlers come through any
more, daughter?" I've been here for a
whole su Timer and fall, and not one have
I seen. When your father and 1 lived on
the farm, they used to drive up twice or
three times a week when the weather was
good."

The question was asked by an ?ged
woman whose home is now in a neigh-
boring city, but whose summers are spent
with her daughter and son-in-law on the
old homestead, whose red brick and cob-
ble-stone front stands hospitably smiling
upon the level stretches of the great ridge
road just as it has stood and smiled forty-
eight years The reply to the old woman's
query was that of late years the pedlers
had begun to drop off with their visits,
until at last they came so seldom that the
little children did not know what the red
wagons signified.

The vehicles were built all along the
eame geaeral line, like barges or steam
tugs. The length was about ten feet, the
height eight. The box was oblong, and
in front an elevation arose over the fore
wheels for the seat, which sometimes was
protected by a huge sun umbrella. Some-
times two, but generally one horse haul-
ed the outfit, and a weary time he had of
it, too, with his oat bag slung under his
poor old neck and his hide worn bare
from the constant shifting of the thills.
The red body of the wagon on both sides
was planted with scores of little white
knobs. This opened up the treasure house
within, and each marked the location of
a tiny door. Within, the wagons were
compact and complete " general stores."
One could buy anything under the sun
small enough to be carried— cloth, tin-
ware, iron utensils, straw and felt hats
for men and women, boots and shoes,
ready made suits — but these came later —
canned goods, patent medicines, dried
fish, tobacco — generally on the sly — nee-
dles, pins, threads, yarn, matches, and
stuck up in front or looped underneath,
brooms of all sizes and qualities. Often
a snow-shovel and a trio of scoops and
spades were laid carefully on the roof.
Up in front, under the driver's seat, was
a jug of molasses and prepared honey, or
some delicacy for the kitchen or table.

ROLLERS'"*""'"

WIDE.

Strongest, most durable
and easiest running
rollers made. Self-nillng
Jhubs. Revolving shafts.
Wood, Iron and steel
rollers. Stee! and wood
frames. Cneapest and
be<t rollers made. We
make over 40 different styles and kinds of rnll-
«r8 and can suit you no matier what kind
of roller you may want. All binds of other
agricultural implements. Write for catalogue
and prices.
THE TOLEDO PLOW CO., DIvls. S, Toledo, 0.

Tl-ifk np»l OATH SAW MILLS ARE SURE WINNERS. I
■ lie L/CLVyrWI 1 ElgWsizes, fromFaimers'4h p upto200-h. p.

If Interested, write for large illustrated cutal gue ot DeLoach Patent Saw Mills tosuit
any power from 4 to 200-h. p ; Shingle Mills. Planers, Edgers, Trimmers, Stave aud Lath
Mills Bolters, Corn and Buhr Mills, Water Wh. els etc. To introduce our New Farmers'
Saw Mill, fitted with DeLoach Patent Variable Frictl .n Feed, we make this special offer:

We win deliver on cars at factory our
No. 0 Pony Farmers' Saw Mill, with
Duplex Dugs, Imp oved Head Blocks
and Ratchet Set Works complete as
shown in cut, except it has Carriage made
In two 4foi>t sections, with Rope Drive
instead of Rwck and Pinion, without Saw
or Belt, for $115.00 Spot Cash I
With 36" Solid Saw, jr27..50 ; 40", 8132.50 ;

44", $140.00; 48", $150.00
With 36" Inserted Haw. $147 50; 40" $152.50;

44", 8160,00 : 48", C170.0U.

Best Rubber Belting, 4-ply, 6", 20 cents

per foot ; 8", 30 cents per foot, net.

No discount from these prices.

Our Warranty: This mill Is warranted to be made In a workmanlike manner of first
class material throughout, and to . ive perfect satisfaction if operated according to our
printed Instructions, which are so simple that a boy can understand them. Any one with
ordinary Intelligence can set and operate without the assistance of an experienced
sawyer; will easily cut 2,000 to 2 500 feet of first class board lumber per day with onlv 4-h. p.;
3,000' ft. with 6-b. p.; 4,000 ft. with 8-n. p ; Is adapted to any kind or size power up to 15-h. p.
DeLOACH MILL MANUFACTURING CO , Box 600, ATLANTA, GEORGIA, U. S. A.
The DeLoach is the only mill made that is shipped to all parts of the world. Over 10,000 in use.

CAPITA.!. S5 0.0 0 0

BANK OF MANCHESTER

lMEA.1SrCIIESTER. ^riL.

A. D. SHOTWELL, Pres., CLARENCE VADEN, Vlce-Pres., S. R. BllAME, Cashier.

rM oc/^T-riDc/ A. D. Shotwell, B. C. Broaddus, S. R. Brame. E. H. Wells,

Dl RtC I Ono-^Qj,^ngucj; ViDEN, W.J.Carter, Kknueth Smith, B. A. Bowen.

A general Banking business transacted. Every facility extended consistent with sound banking
Interest paid on time deposits. We solicit your business.

ASSETS, $900.000.

Virginia Fire and Harine

Insurance Company, of Richmond, Va.

Insures Against Fire and Lightning.

ALL DESCRIPTIONS OF PROPERTY IN COUNTRY AND TOWN, PRIVATE OR
PUBLIC, INSURED AT FAIR RATES. ON ACCOMMODATING TERMS.

AGEHrCIES IN EVERY TOWN AND COUNTY.

WM. H. PALMER, PRESIDENT. W. H. M'CARTHY, SECRETARY.

* ■^XTS.O-XlSrXA. IDIVISIOIsr. *

Farmers Mutual Benefit Association.

A Fire Insurance Association, chartered by the State for the farmers
of Virginia, under an amended and well protected plan.

Insures in counties surrounding and accessible to Richmond, against Fire and
Lightning, only country property — no stores or unsafe risks. Policj holders amply
secured — all legitimate losses paid. Average cost per year less than other plans, and
a great saving to farmers. Amount of property now insured, $.330,000, and increasing
yearly. Estimated security in real and other estate, S750 000.

For further information, address, CHAS. N. FRIEND, General Agent,

MBMTION THIS JOURH*L. CHESTER, VIRQINIA.

When corresponding with advertisers, say you saw their adver-
tisement in the Southern Planter.

2L8

THE SOUTHEEN PLANTEB.

' March

The jewelry which the pedler carried he
kept close o his peraoii with great show
of caution, and the more brassy, it was
the more closely he pretended to guard it.
Does any one who reads through this
list of invaluable appurtenances to the
happy home wonder that the pedler's ad
veni was welcomed by all departments of
t e house fifteen ortwentyniilesfrom the
nearest store, and perhaps fifty or one
hundred from the nearest city? When
the cloud of dust would arise over the
brow of the hill on a June afternoon, up
would go the cry, "Jim the pedler's com-
ing. Ma, Run and get Henry, and tell
him to have the rags ready."

Then, when the pedler had arrived,
■would Vjegin a game of win aud lose such
as has been played since the days of the
flood wherever one man had what an-
other man had not, but thought he need-
ed. Litile money changed hands in this
trade. It was barter, primeval, barbaric
barter, except that the things traded for
bore the mark of the machine instead of
the flint. The medium of exchange was
generally rags, "paper rags." as they were
inown. This included rubber boots, cop-
per and brass junk and lead pipe. In
those days paper was made from rags,
and the wood-pulp process was still dim
in the future. Good rags, no matter of
what wool or consistency, had a distinct
market value, and the pedlers, recogniz-
ing this, depended on the farmers' wives
to hoard the supply. In exchange, he
gave them the commodities mentioned,
making, of course, a comfortable profit

>.mk*ik^^Mitmkmkjmsmkmk0ikmkmkmkmkmkmkmkJiikmkittkiiik.iiii^m:*it,mkMiik

HowareYourEyes?

We are the largest optical establishment Sonth, and give proper adjustment
of SPECTACLKS and EYE GLASSES. Complet*- manufacturing plant on the
premises. Mail us the pieces and we will from them duplicate your Glasses.
Gla.=ses by mail our specialty.

is also complete with CAMERAS, KO-
DAKS and PHOJO SUPPLIES. De-
veloping and printing finely executed.

4 Oiirlineof QRAPHOPHONES, with latest, records. OPERA GLASSES. %

J FIELD GLASSES, Incubator and Dairy THEREnonETEKS, etc., etc., is ff

i| also complete Lowest charges in all cases. ■

i TliES.GlLESIIOPTIGt G0.,9tlianilMainSts.,llicbiiioiiil,Va. I

RURAL BOOKS

OF EVERY DESCRIPTION

AT LOWEST PRICES,
SOUTHERN PLANTER, - Richmond, Virginia.

^jgg[gggp^igi5)pji5ir2j[5ua][5nai5ifajL5iRj[5na[sTia[5na[si]

££?."' REGIS. HEREFORD CATTLE '

CHIEZF" STOCXC SIREISs

liMMAvtAtl QftI IQDIIDV 7l«ni«Q ('^OS^) ^'■^'^ •'y ^°^^ P™®' ^o"'* House, Pembridge, Heve-
IIHpOncnuHLIODUIff IDUwSI fordshire, England. Sired by Boniface (9600 , the sire of the
First Prize winner at both the Smithfield and Birmingham Fat Stock Shows ^England) in 1897. The sire of Boni
face is The Grove 3d 2t90. Snowfall (v. 24, p. 65.i) the dam of Salisbury is in the herd of His Majesty King
Edward VII. The eire of Snowball is the grtat breeding bull Pioneer ( 140.'5 i by Monarch 20001, the winner of the
Frst Prize at the Royal Show at York, in 1883. Monarch is by Lord Wilton 4067 and is generally considered one
of the best of Lord Wilton's sons. and

I ipC Ir fllt9Q7 ^"^ ^^ Thomas Clark, Beecher, HI. Sired by Lars (50734), a winner at the
LHIIO Uli Ov^vl) World's Fair at Chicago, First and Cham oion Prize winner as a Two, Three and
Four-year-old at all principal Fairs ; also headed the herd winning Grand Sweepstakes at the great Live Stock Show
of America; at Madison Square Garden, N-w York, 1898. The dam of Lars Jr. is Judy 55711, one of the best breeding
cows in the Castalia Herd, by Peerless Wilton 12774, the well known sire of prize winners ; and the dam of Judy is
Jessie 3d, by Sir Richard 2d, the English prize winner and producer of show animals.

FOR SALE

A very choice lot of BULL CALVES and YEARLING BULLS by above
sires ; also a tew COWS IN CALF, or with calf at foot.

All of the cows at Castalia are well bred, being by such good sires as Wild Tom, E»rl of Shadeland 22d, Beau
Real, etc. Visitors met at station when notice is given in advance. The prices are right; it will pay intending
buyers to see these cattle.

BOOGOCK, Owner, Castalia, Keswick, llbemarle County, Va.

g] ra[5ua[5iiaiiTra[5iral[5Tra][5Tfa(s!fg][5i[a[^

1903.J

THE 80UTHEEN PLANTBB.

219

out of the transaction. Good raga brought,
twenty years ago, from a cent and a half
to two ceutg and a half a pound. The
pedler was fair ; that is, if he was not ex-
actly fair, he was as fair as he could be,
and both sides parted satisfied, the house-
wife with her new granite iron tea-ljettie
and he with his huge ragbag bulging out
a little further than it did two milesdown
the road. The ragbag was an index of the
state of trade. When the wagon started
out it hung limply behind, like a punc
tured balloon. It was a huge affair, made
of coarse burlap, blackensed and stained
by time and use. Sometimes huge squares
of new burlap stood out in startling con-
trast against the old face of the bag, in
spots wtnere holes had been patched with
coarse twine. Into this grimy receptacle
the matted rags were hurled with a
short, Btout, iron hook like an elephant
goad.

The capacity of these great bags was
amazing, and on homeward trips they
would protrude with mastodonic fatness
from the rear of the red wagons as far as
the length of the vehicle itself, and the
poor horse would tug and sweat at his
increasing burden as the camels did un-
der the soaked sponges in the fable. The
rags were weighed on drop scales attach-
ed to the rear of the wagon, and of course
the honesty of the spring within the brass
and iron case had an important efiect
upon the fairness of the barter. At times
doubts would surge up in the shrewd
housewife's mind, especially when the
pedler's scales indicated a weight three
or four pounds lighter than her own had

FOR SAZ.E.

BEAGLES aid ENfiUSH HARRIERS

Well broken to hunt. Also Barred Plymouth
Eggs, SI per sitting. Apply to

R E CREE. - C90ZET. VA.

. . FOR SALE . .

PUREBRED SHORTHORN BULL CALVES,

Dropped last, spring; ; will weigh about

500 lbs. lu nice order. For funber

Inf-jriuatioD address,

T TOUR IDEAS

•,000 offered for one in«

Jon: SS,500 for another.

Book "How to Obtain a Patent"

and "What to Invent "sent free. Sead

srh sketch for free report as to

patentability. "We advertise your

patent for sale at our expense.

CHANDLEE & CHANDLEt, Patent Attorney.

972, F Street, Washington, D.C

Mention the Southern Planter in writing

0^^

Japan Plums

And all other desirable standard and new
varieties of PLU.MS, APPLE, PEACH,
PEAR and ORNAMENTAL TREES,
SHRUBS, ROSES, Etc.

HEADQUARTERS FOR TENNESSEE
PROLIFIC STRAWBERRY.

The lIo»t Keliable Variety Ever grown In
the South.

Three huntlred and flfty acres under cnltlTation. Write as
if jon contemplate planting. Catalogue free.

AO-ENTS WANTED. 'WRITE FOB TEBMS.

TAT. X. XSOOJD <Sc

OLD DOMINION NURSERY.

CO.,

RICHMOND, VA.

GREAT ^^m SALE

SHORTHORN CATTLE and BERKSHIRE HOGS,

On the Fairground at Hagerstown, Md., March 12, 1903.

50 REGISTERED SHORTHORNS,

Including Cows, Heifers and young Bulls; 15 high grade Shorthorns by registered sires, including

Cows, Heifers and young bulls.

30 REG. BERKSHIRE HOGS,

Including Sows, younger Sows not bred down to pigs and young boars. Also one imported

CLEVELAND BAY STALLION.

TERlVtS.— 6 months credit on sums exceeding $25 by giving approved notes. For cata-
logue giving description and pedigree of each animal, write to manager of sale.

H. L. STRITE, Leitersburg, Md.

ON MARCH Nth, F. "W". Mish will have a large sale of REGISTERED STOCK near Hagers-
town, consisting ot Percheron horses, Aberdeen-Angus and Dutch Belted Cattle, Poland-China and
Berkshire Hogs, Oxford and Shropshire Sheep. For sale list write to

F. W. MISH, Hagerstown, Hd.

220

THE 80UTHEKN PLANTEB.

[Mai ch

registered. But the sight of a polished
gray granite iron surface peeking craftily
out from the shelf behind the half-ojien-
ed door of the wagon woulil prove too
strong, and her lips would remain silent
when her heart was filled with distrust.
Rags were not destroyed in those days,
but were hoarded up in flour sacks in the
cellar from fall until summer, for they
were legal tender bank notes of the ped-
ler'a realm. But those primitive ti nes
have passed to return no more. The sub-
urban trolley car has done its clearing
work, and the wood-pulp process has
completed the change. The red wagons
stand falling to pieces in forgotten sheds,
and the bags have rotted away. The ped-
ler's reign is over. — N. Y. Tribune.

HER PART IN THE PLAY.

" I was coming along New Jersey Ave-
nue the other day," said Senator Dubois,
? noted by the New York 'World," " and
saw two little boys playing horse, as ]
thought. One boy was in a small cart,
and the other boy was drawing him.
Trailing along behind the cart came a
most disconsolate-looking little girl, a sis-
ter of one of the little boys." I stopped
the boys, whom I knew, and said to one
of them, 'Tommy, what are you playing?"

" ' We're playing automobile" replied
Tommy.

" ' I asked, ' why don't you let sister
play, too ?'

'• ' She is playing,' said Tommy. ' She's
the gasoline smell.' "

THE GRE.\T WESTERN MANURE SPREADER.
The Marvin Smith Co. of Chicago has been advertising this well known machine
in our last fe v issues. They have just gotten out a nice catalogue giving full particu-
lars, and we hope many of on r readers will apply for it. It will be sent free.

We are showing herewith a
small cut of this Spreader that
our readers may have some
idea as to its construction. It
has a great many improve-
ments this season, in addition
to other special features. Its
Endless Apron enables it to
be always ready to take on a
load. The combined Hood
and End Gate serves the dual
purpose of keeping manure from the Beater during the process of loading or in
starting. It acts as a hood and shield while spreading. You had better send to-day
and get a cataloEue.

I^ural Books!

Every farmer should have these books on his fibrary table.

They are invaluable.

Feeds and Feeding. Henry, - - - 93 00

Fertility of (he Iiaud. Roberts, • - 1 35

Crop Growing and Crop Feeding. Massey, 1 00

All Cloth Bound, Post Paid.

Let us order your magazines and other literature for you.

We can furnish almost any periodical and save you money.

Get our prices.

THE SOUTHERN PLANTER, Richmond, Va.

CARDWELL% EUREKA and CENTENNIAL FERTILIZER ATTACH-
MENT are the best^ therefore they are the cheapest.

^^yvMvwyww»^^»^»^^^^>^^^^^^>^^^v<^^^^^»^^^^^»^^^^ »

PLANTERS

They Plant..

BEANS,

ENSILAGE

CROPS.

And Distribute

FERTILIZER

any distance apart^
r=-^rL and any quantity.

We make THRESHERS^ HORSE POWERS, PEANUT MACHINERY,
STRAW CUTTERS WELL FIXURES, and all Implements
formerly made by H. M. SMITH & CO. and
J. W. CARDWELL & CO.

THE CARDWELL MACHINE CO., = Richmond, Va.

1803.J

THE 80UTHBEN PLAlirrBE.

2;il

X>OO<>OO0OOOOO<>OO<>OO<I>OO0OO<>0OO0O<>0O0<X>OO<K

I Farm Implements and Machinery.

i GASH PRICES FOR MARCH, 1903

ADDRESS

ASHTON STARKE,

RICHMOND, VIRGINIA.

i

DISC HARROWS (complete with Whiffletrees).

8 disc— 16 inch 16 50

10 disc— 16 inch 17 75

12 disc— 16 inch 19 50

All Steel Lever Spike Tooth :

2 section, 50 t«eth 10 00

2 section, 60 teeth... H 00

Spring-Tooth Harrow, 18 teeth 12 50

PLOWS.

1 horse Syracuse Chilled 3 50

Light 2 horse Syracuse Chilled 6 60

Regular 2 horse Syracuse Chilled 6 75

No. 11 Imperial Chilled, R. H 7 50

No. 10 Oliver Chilled, L, H 5 25

No. 13 Oliver Chilled, R. & L 5 50

No. 10 South Bend, R. H 5 25

No. 15 South Bend, R. & L 5 75

No. 7 Farmer's Friend 2 75

No. 8 Farmer's Friend 2 85

CORN SHELLEHS.

Shenandoah Valley 5 50

" Favorite," Giant, Milwaukee, Right Hand.. 4 75

" Star," Right Hand 5 00

Left Hand Shelters 4 50

GENUINE MALTA SHOVEL PLOWS.

Double Shovel Plow 2 25

•' No. 2 2 00

•' No. 3 1 75

Single Shovel Plow, Genuine 1 70

FIELD ROLLERS.

All Steel, 30 inches diameter, 3 sections, 6 ft..

CULTIVATORS.

5 tooth Steel Frame

Cultivator and Harrow, 14 teeth

Disc Cultivator on wheels, pivot franc

Walking Wheel Cultivator

Combined Riding and Walking Cultivator

PEED CUTTERS.

Smith's Lever Cutters

1 blade Revolving Cutter

Hand and Power Cutter, with pulley.
Bark Mill, for horse sweep

25 00

1 75

2 50
28 00
15 00
24 50

2 75

9 00

15 00

25 00

CORN PLA.NTERS.

Single row, with fertilizer 18 00

Single row, without fertilizer 10 50

Double row, with fertilzer 38 50

Double row, without fertilizer 28 00

WEEDER.

Keystone Expanding...

00

WHEAT DRILLS.

Bickford & Huffmann Disc Drill, with Fertili-
zer and Grass Seeder 66 50

Hand Corn Planters 75

And so we might continue through our almost limit-
less stock.

A Whenever or whatever you need in our line, write to

I ASHTON STARKE, ■ Richmond, Va.

X>OOOOO<>OO<>OOOOOOOO<I>OOOOO0OO0O<>OO<>OOOO»<X

222

rHB BOUTHBBN PLANTBB.

[March

The following list of papers and perlodlcalB
u« the most popular ones In this section.
W« can SAVE YOU MONEY on whatever
Journal yoa wish.

DAJUB8. PR.OE WITH

AtONI. PLANTER.

Tlmes-Dlspatoh. Richmond, Va $5 00 $5 00

The Post, Washlneton, D. 0 6 00 6 00

The Sun, Bnltlmore, Md 00 40

N«W8-L.eader, Richmond, Va 8 00 S 00

TRI-WEEKLY.

me World (thrlce-a^week), N. Y 1 00 1 28

WEEKU.ua.

Harper's Weekly 4 W * O"

Bazaar 1 00 1 «

Montgomery Advertiser 1 00 1 00

Nashville American 60 76

The Baltimore Sun 1 00 1 35

Breeder's Gazette 2 00 1 76

Hoard's Dairyman 1 00 1 36

Country Gentleman 1 60 1 75

Tlmes-Dlspatch, Richmond, Va 1 00 1 25

Beli^ons Herald, Richmond, Va.... 2 00 2 25

Central Presbyterian, " "... 2 00 2 50

Christian Advocate, " " ... 1 50 I 76

Turf, Field and Farm 4 00 4 00

Spirit of the Times 4 00 4 00

Horseman 3 00 3 00

SEMI-MONTHLIES.

Wool Markets and Sheep 60 76

Dairy and Creamery 5* 7S

Commercial Poultry 60 76

All three 1 50 1 15

MONTHLIES.

North American Review 5 00 6 00

The Century Magazine 4 00 4 25

Bt. Nicholas " 3 00 3 25

Llpplncott'a " 2 50 2 50

Harper's " 4 00 4 00

Forum " 3 00 3 25

Soribner's " 3 00 3 26

Frank Leslies " 1 00 1 36

Cosmopolitan " 1 00 1 35

Everybody's " 1 00 1 35

Hnnsey " 1 OO 1 35

Strand " 1 25 1 66

MoClure's " 1 00 1 36

Argosy " 1 00 1 35

Review of Reviews 2 60 2 75

Lelsnre Hours 1 00 1 25

Blooded Stock 60 60

Where yon desire to subscribe to two or more
of the publications named, you can arrive at
the net subscription price by deducting 50
oents from "our price with Ihe Planter." If
yon desire to subscribe to any other publlca
tlons not listed here, write us and we will
oheerfnlly quote clubbing or net subscription
rates.

Subscribers whose time does not expire
until later can Uike advantage of our club
rates, and have their subscription advanced
one year from date of expiration of their
■nbsoriptlon to either the Planter or any of
the other publications mentioned.

Don't hesitate to write ns for any informa-
tion desired ; we will cheerfully answer any
eorreepondenoe.

We fomlili no tamplt eopiea of other peri

Seed House of the South.

BCCKWHEAT.
OATB and
CANE BKED.

"Whatsoever One Soweth, That Shall He Reap."

We sell strictly reliable FIEIiD AND GARDEN SEEDS at

eTery Tariety at I^owest Market rates, Inclnded in wbicb

are RAQIiAND'S PEDIGREE TOBACCO SEEDS.

_We ALSO SELL

Onr Own Brands of Fertilizers

For Tobacco, Corn. Wheat. Potatoes, &c.

Pare Raw-Bone Meal, Nova Scotia and Tireinia Plaster an4

Fertilizing: Materials generally.

Partiea wiahing to purchase will find it to their interest to price our goocte.
Samples sent by mail when desired.

Wm. A. Miller & Son, 0

lore Main street
LYNCHBURG, VA.

Headquarters for
Nursery Stock.

We make a specialty of handling dealers' orders.

ALL STOCK TRUE TO NAME.

Pecans,
Chestnuts,
Walnuts,
Small Fruits,

Apples, Nectarines,

Pears, Cherry,

Peach, Quinces,

Plum, Almonds,
Apricots,

CALIFORNIA PRIVET, for Hedging.

..AGENTS WANTED

FRANKLIN DAVIS NURSERY Co.,

i»CCC<CCOO«CC<ICCOC^€€€«««€€€»^'

Ornamental and
Shade Trees,
Evergreens,
Roses, Etc.

1908. j

THE SOUTHESfS PLaHTEB.

223

SHELBURNES

Is the BEST WAREHOUSE

in Richmond, the BEST MARKET for all grades ot Tobacco. It
la the home of sun and air cured Tobacco and headquarters for
flue-cured and shipping types. Here are located the head offices and
stemmeries of all the large corporations, Regie representatives and the
largest number of independent factories and buyers in the United States.

SHELBURNE'S WAREHOUSE

Has the largest lighted space, insuring equal attention to every pile.
Ample accommodations in every way for all our customers.
Correspondence solicited.

SILAS SHELBURNE & SON, Props., 12tli and Canal Sts., RICHMOND, VA.

THE RiCHMGND PLUMBING
AND MANTEL CO.,

26 N. Ninth Street, RICHMOND, VA.,

Has just received
an entirely new
Stock and com-
plete line of

STOVES, RANGES, FURNACES,

MANTELS, GAS and ELECTRIC

FIXTURES, FILTERS, TILING and

FIRE-PLACE TRIMMINGS.

We are contractors for

PLUMBING, TINNING, SHEET-METAL
WORK and ELECTRIC WIRING.

Correspondence Solicited.
CALL AND INSPECT OUR SHOW-ROOMS.

t24

THE SOUTHERN PT.ANTRTR.

[MATCh

THE GENTLEMAN ON THE PLANTATION

SHOULD HAVE AS MANY COMFORTS AND CON-
VENIENCES AS THE GENTLEMAN IN THE CITY.

With a WIND MILL or GASOLINE ENGINE farm
work can be made easy and at a small cost.
You canCUTandGRIXD FEED, SAW WOOD, THRESH
GRAIN, PICK PEANUTS, SHELL CORN, MAKE CIDER,
PDMI- WATER FOR f-TOCK, and

LAST BUT NOT LEAST

PUT WATER IN YOUR OWN HOUSE.

STRATTON & BRAGG CO.,

20 and 22 N. Sycamore St., PETERSBURG, VA.

You can have your Bath
Tub, Water Closet and Hot
and Cold Water in your
own Home.

WE CAN FIT YOU UP

FROM START TO

FINISH.

We have our own compe-
tent and skilled workmen,
which we send out to install
onr fixtures.

NO DISTANCE TOO FAR.

Let us figure with you.

IVANHOE POULTRY YARDS ^-^

Breeders of

«^

Exhibition Barred
Plymouth Rocks

ENGLISH CARRIERS AND HOMING PIGEONS.

For Information, address

Ivanhoe Poultry Yards, Box 258, Richmond, va.

1903.]

THE SOUTHERN PIiAJirrBB.

236

LABOR-SAVING IMPLEMENTS AND MACHINERY.

OADU Dl ABITCDC '^^^ HOOSIER, both single and double row, with
uUKIl iL All I bllWi and without fertilizer attachment. The SPANGLER
for Corn, Peas and Sorghum.

Olll Tllf ATnDQ PLANET Jr. and
UULI Iff AlUllOi IRON AGE Culti-
vators and Horse Hoes. CONTINENTAL Disc
Com Planter. Cultivators and Harrows, the best in the world.

Spring tooth attachments for Cultivator. RODERICK LEAN steel lever harrows for

one, two and three three horses.

PEERLESS ENGINES.

The FISH, The WEBER and The CHAMPION Wagons miM

IN ALL SIZES.

General agency for the Columbus Buggy Co., Col-
umbus, Ohio. A. Wrenn & Sons, Norfolk, Va., and
other celebrated makers of vehicles. All grades in
stock.

Harness, Robes and Whips, Pittsburg Per-
fect Wire Fencing, welded by electricity. Circular
for the asking, Correspondence solicited.

THE WATT PLOW CO.^ \tll I KVirsTRElT^ Richmond, Va.

226

THE SOUTHERN PLANTER

[March

JUST FOR FUN.

Auntie (finding Jackie sobbing in a
corner) : " Why, Jackie, what has hap-
pened to make you feel so badly this
morning?

Jackie: M — ma m— issed some jelly.

Auntie: IIo, ho! I see. And her sus-
picion fe!l upon yon, eh?

Jackie: No, auntie: it was her slipper.

New Boarder (at winter resort). — Do
you call this bleak, forsaken place crowd-
ed? I thought that you advertised that
there was a perfect host here every win-
ter?

Landlord (blandly).— Yes, indeed ; I
am the perfect host, and my wife is a per-
fect hostess.

A TOAST. '
A Toast to those who come to grace,

This day our boird.
And, with the cheer of smiling face,

to share our hoard !

They are our friends, and friends are
sent —

O plan benign ! —
To ^^e the home's best ornament,

Heav'n spare me mine !

And may our larder e'er contain

Of meat and drink
Enough to forge for friendship's chain

Another link ! — Columbus Dispatch.

A Neat BINDER for your hack nam-
hars can be had for 25 cents. Addresp

J* THE J»

SEABOARD

AIR LINE RAILWAY

OrPERS

PROFITABLE

INVESTMEMTS

TO-

m&

THE MANUFACTURER,
THE STOCK RAISER,
THE DAIRYMAN,
THE FRUIT GROWER,
THE TRUCKER.

WHERE TOUR LABOR IS NOT IN VAIN.

Would a country where work can be carried on the entire year and where larga
profits can l)e realized interest you?

The SEABOARD Air Line Railway traverses six Southern States and a regioa
of this character One two cent stamp will bring handsome illustrated literatnre
descriptive of the sectiou.

J. B. WHITE, EDW. P. COST, CHARLES B. RYAN,

Gen. Indastrial Aj;t., Portsinonth, Va. TraflBc Mgr. Gen. Pass. Ag., Portsmouth, V».

I FF^S PREPARED ACmCULTURAL L|^|E

' "• ^" i I UlN When used on land with a fair amount of vegetation or with COMPOST (which is better the
crops are as good as from any Fertilizer. It prevents RTJSr and SHEDDING and keeps the plants green much
longer in dry weather.

PEANUTS With the same conditions as above, it is a COMPLETE FERTILIZER for this CROP. Our
customers say it is equal to the BEST FERTILIZERS ON THE MARKET.

"'^■»'* nC/\V Y I UD/aCCO Haul odt your farm pen scrapings, plow under and broadcast 500 to 600
ll>s. per acre (the earlier the better), and you will get a heavy crop of Tobacco and a fine crop of Wheat and
(lover or other grass, and by proper rotation will have a rich lot for any crop.

UKIUti I I UD/\LCO Our customers say that 200 lbs. per acre in the drill with other Fertilizer will prevent
the I'obacco from FIRING and giving it a GOOD BODY and increase its value $20 per acre For Wheat, Oats,
Clover and other grass it is exceptionally good.

It prevents RUST. SCAB and SMUT in WHEAT and and all say it is the best thing for clover they ever used. Fruit
Growers will find a WONDERFUL IMPROVEMENT by it use on their Orchards and Vineyards.

Our EXCELSIOR TOBACCO FERTILIZER

Has been tested for six years and has proved equal to and in some cases superior to the high-grade ammoniated
goods on the market. We put in no useless filler and t he farmer gets the 2000 lbs. to the ton of valuable fertilizer
for the crops and I'HE LAND. Hence they say their succeeding crops are much better than from other fertilizers

UUr orfcCIAL CORN FERTILIZER For land where there is not an abundance of vegetation is equal to any.

, li^General agents for BLACK DEATH BUG KI1.L,ER for destroying Potato Bugs, T^obacco Worms,
and all insects injurious to vegetation; and Sifters and Insecticide distributors for applying it.

PliAIX SHELL LIME No. 1 WOOD-BURNT LISIE

Constantly on hand at lowest prices. In car lots at lowest market price from kilns-

WRITE FOR CIRCULARS. A.. S. X^EE ^C SOW, RXCHSaOND. VA.

1903.]

THE 80UTHEBN PLAHTBK.

227

A C. SINTON, President.

J. J. SUTTON, Secretary.

THE WATT PLOW CO.,

HACHINERY, FARH inPLEMENTS, VEHICLES
^:^-^and HARNESS. .-^^

1452 Franklin Street, 1404 East Main Street, RICHHOND, VIRGINIA.

TO OUR FRIENDS AND PATRONS:—

We have just contracted for a large supply, during the entire season, of a stan-
dard fertilizer, adapted to all the crops raised in Virginia, and we are prepared to
supply our customers direct from our warehouse, corner Fifteenth
and Franklin Sts., at the lowest possible prices and upon favorable
terms. We call special attention to the " OWL " Brand Guano,
prepared especially for Trucks, Tobacco, Corn, Etc.

Correspondence solicited, and we will cheerfully quote prices
and furnish analyses upon application.

THE WATT PLOW CO., Richmond, Va.

THE TRAP HAS BEEN SET, BUT THE FARMERS "ARE ON TO IT."

..fc-^/A/ /903— — a.

THEY ARE
GOINQ TO BUY

THE WALTER A. WOOD MACHINES.

WHY?

Because it is the Best fla-

chine Hade.
Because it Belongs to no

Combination.
Because its Repairs Cost

Less.

The Wood Binders, Reapers,

^ Steel Hay Rakes, Tedders,

??5!^^ Corn Harvesters, Knife

Grinders the world knows

and the world endorses.

SEND FOR SPECIAL CATALOGUE.

WALTER A. WOOD MOWING and REAPING MACHINE CO., Richmond, Va.

328

THE SOUTHERN PLANTEB.

[March

NO TROUBLE TO HELP SEARCH.

A woman stopped at a cloth-counter in
one of the large department-stores rei'ent-
ly, and asked to be shown some dress-
patterns suitable for early autumn wear.
The salesman began on the lowest row
of shelved compartmenta. and pulled out
and opened box after bjx until the count'
er on either side of him waq piled as high
as his head with goods. Three times he
climbed a la Ider to the upper rows and
staggered down under a weight of boxes
of pa terns until, when the woman took
a survey of the shelves, but two patterns
remained unopened. Then she said, very
sweetly, "I don't think I'll buy any to-
day. I'm sorry to have troubled you, but
you see I only came in to look for a
friend."

" No trouble whatever, madam," he re-
plied, politely. " Indeed, if you think
your friend is in either of the remaining
two boxes, I don't mind opening them
too." — Philadelphia Times.

WHAT HE WAS DOING.

Mother—" You naughty boy ! You've
been fighting "

Little son—" No, mother."

Mother— "How did your cloth-s get
torn and your face get scratched 7"

Little son — "I was trying to keep a
naughty boy from hurting a good little
boy."

Mother—" That was noble. Who was
the good little boy ?"

Little son—" Me."— Pittsburg Bulletin.

The Chesapeake & Ohio Railway

EXTENDING FROM CINCINNATI AND LOUISVILLE, AND
THROUGH ITS CONNECTIONS^..^

THE BIG FOUR SYSTEM, from Chicago, St. LouiB, Peoria, Indianapolis,
Sandusky and Cleveland ;

THE OHIO CENTRAL LINES, from Toledo and Columbus j

THE CINCINNATI, HAMILTON & DAYTON, from Detroit, Toledo, Uxom
and Dayton —

FORMS THE MOST DIRECT ^"iJ'.r.Ei'aiTcl:.^' ROUTE.

To STAUNTON, LYNCHBUBQ, CHAELOTTESVILLB,
RICHMOND, PETEBSBUBQ, NOBFOLK,
And Principal Virginia Points.

H. W. FULLER, Gen. Pass. Agt. C. & O. Ry., Washington, D. 0.

When corresponding with advertisers, always mention that you
saw their advertisement in the Southern Planter.

WAGONS and BUGGIES

MADE

RIGHT HERE

AT HOME

The BAI^BOUR BUGGY CO.,
The HUGHES BUGGY CO.,
The VIRGINIA WAGON CO.

These vehicles are gjaranteed to be as good as can be bought elsewhere ; material and workman-
ship unsurpassed ; all sizes and styles, prices low. We can save you time, money and freight by
purchasing our vehicles. Send for our illustrated catalogues. Drop in our warehouse and inspect our
stoci<. Inquiries cheerfully answered.

RICHMOND BUGGY & WAGON CO., 1433 E. Main Street, RICHMOND, VA.

J. T. CUNN. Manager.

AH of Virginia.

1903 J

THE SOTJTBLBEH PLAJSTTEB.

229

If You Want

YOUR GOOSE TO LAY
"THAT GOLDEN EGG"

FEED HER PROPERLY.

I mean buy your supplies right. You should lay aside a few Gold Pieces
yourself, you might ask how it can be done— easy, dead easy— stop paying
high, country prices. The mail comes to your home six times a week, I can
get a letter from you every day.

GET MY PRICES, I WILL BE GLAD TO MAIL YOU OR YOUR FRIENDS

MY PRICES EVERY NIGHT.

The railroads almost pass your house. Uncle Sam spends millions yearly
to give you mail and railroad accomodations. You need not come to town,
let Uncle Sam do your shopping. He can knock the spots out of you in
buying— just try him. No matter how small your order I will be glad to have
it and ship promptly. Here is what your groceries will cost you

z^-^JUST ONE-HALF WHAT YOU ARE NOW PAYING.^^s^.

Arbuckle'e Green Coffee 9i

€lranulated Sugar 4|

Best Family Flour 4 25

Byrd Island — have no other.

10,000 lbs. Nice Family Pork 9

7 Boxes Axle Grease 25

800 Bbls. White Oil 12

1,000 Bushels Seed Rye 68

600 Tons Fine Timothy Hay, hun-
dred 75

300 Tons Choice Clover Hay, hun-
dred 70

10 Large Cakes Fancy Soap 25

C r y 8 ta 1 Washing Soda, Light,
S m o ot h, and Durable, makes

Washing Easy 30

Washing Powders, 8 for 25

Fine Gun Powder Tea 40

Ben Mocha and Java Coffee Roasted 18
Large Fat Mackerel in Nice Buck-
ets or Kits, about 15 Iba 1 25

New River Herrings, 750 fish m the

barrel. Large and Fat. 5 50

New Cut Herrings, barrel 5 50

Finest Cream Cheese 15

Baker's Chocolate — 2 Cakes 25

New Table Raisins— 6 Lbs 60

Fine French Candy 8

Pure Lard 9J

610 Tons Pure City Made Shipstuff,
hundred 1 00

Cotton-Seed Meal, Nothing Finer.

510 Tons Cotton-Seed Hulls— an ex-
cellent Winter Food, Cheap and

Nutritious, per hundred 50

This is as good as Coarse Meal for

60,000 lbs. Rock Salt for Stock— try
a bag, keep it in the Trough, im-
proves Stock very much, $1.00 for
100 lbs.

Chalmer's Gelatine, 3 for 25

Seedless Raisins in Packages 9

Cleaned Currants, per lb 8

New Citron for Fruit Cake 12

Home Made Mince Meat 8

100,000 lbs. New Mixed Nuts 11

Virginia Hams, Choicest of Meat. I
have a Nice Lot of Hams Made

in Smithfield, Va 14

Fine Sweet Cider, per gallon 20

Home-Made Black Berry Brandy, 5
years old and nice.

Family Tonic, quart 20

Northampton Aople Brandy, 6 years
old— pare — Apple Juice — nothing

finer made— gallon 2 00

Clemmer's Fine Old Mountain Rye
Whiskey, double distilled, sweet

and wholesome, quart 40

Juniper Gin, sure cure for bladder
and kidney troubles ; relieves the
cutting, stinging ache in your back,
quart 45

Gibson's Fine Old Rye Whiskey ; fit
for a king, get a quart 78

O'Grady's Pure Malt. Try a bottle
of Malt for that hacking cough. It
is a sure cure. It is good for dys-
pepsia. Indigestion it cures at
sight. Warms the inner man ;
makes new rich blood, and stimu-
lates the whole system. It has
saved many and many a man and
his family. 75 a quart. The price
is insignificant compared to the
benefit it will do you.

Country Cured Bacon Sides 18*

100,000 bushels finest Oats 40

60,000 bushels fine Corn 66

Water ground Com Meal, made of
the finest Whit« Corn, and ground
by one of the finest mills in Vir-
ginia. Bushel 72

I have everything that is required
by a farmer from a 1.000 acre farm
to a rriouse trap. Write for my
price list that will give you more
information than a gossiping
woman.

Clover Seed, prime Crimson Clover
Seed 2 90

Choice Crimson New-Ciop Clover
Seed „ 4 25

Fine Winter Turf Oats (seed) 78

Prime Winter Seed Oats 60

I have an immese stock of NEW YEARS' GOODS^ CAKES^ CANDIES.
FRUITS of all kinds^ and I will ship any quantity required.

D. O'SULLIVAN, Eighteenth and Main Sts., Richmond, Va.

230

THE SOUTHERN PLAJrTEE.

[March

NO WONDER THE CHILD OBJECTED

A New York Professor had a wife and
family, but, profeesor-like, hia tbongbts
■were mostly with his books. One even-
ing his wife returned home from late af-
ternoon visits to find the house sirangely
quiet. Nowhere were the children to be
seen. She demanded of the man of books
what be had done with the youngsters.
The Professor explained that they l>ad
become rather noisv, and so, without
calling the maid, he had stuffed them
into bed.

" I hope they haven't given you much
trouble," Mrs. 'P^ofe8.^or said.

"Oh, no," said the Professor. "With
the exception of the one in the cot over
there, perhaps. He objected a good deal
to my undressing him and putting him to
bed."'

Mrs. Profe.=eor went to inspect the cot.

" Why," she cried, " that's little Fred-
die Jones from next door."— r/i« World's
Event*.

" I suppose," said the physician, smil
ing and trying to appear witty, while
feeling the pulse of a lady patient," " I
suppose you consider me an old hum-

" Why, doctor," replied the lady. " I
had no idea vou could ascertain a wo-
man's thougats by merely feeling her
pulse."

A NEAT BINDEB, for your back
numbers can be bad for 25 cents. Ad-
dress the Business Office.

Seeds! Seeds I Seeds !

We sell the BEST Seeds for this section. Our long expe-
rience and study of the farmer's needs and the climatic and
soil conditions enables us to make this statement.

Have you seen our NEW SEED BOOK for 1903.? If not,
send for a copy to-day. It is well worth your while to do so.

T. W. WOOD <& SONS,

SEEDSMEN. RICHMOND. VA.

Established by GEO. WATP, 1840.

MANFBED CALL. General Manager.

THE CALL- WATT CO.

MANUFACTURERS OF

Crown, Crescent and Watt Plows,

AND REPAIRS FOR PLOWS IN GENERAL USE.

Dealers in AGRICULTURAL IMPLEMENTS, MACHINERY & VEHICLES,

Ho. 13 S. Fifteenth Street, Between Main and Gary Streets, • RICHMOND, VA.

REPAIRS for all the plows in general use.

CORN PLANTERS with and without Fertiliier Attach-

tachment.
CULTIVATORS— Iron Age pattern. Disc, Riding and

Walking Shovel Cultivators.
HARROWS— Iron Age, All-Steel Lever, Solid and Cut-

Out Disc.
FIELD ROLLERS— Steel or Wood, Two and Three

Section.

FODDER AND ENSILAGE CUTTERS. FEED

MILLS, CORN SHELLERS.
HORSE POWERS, COMBINED FEED MILLS

AND POWERS.
ENGINES, THRESHERS, SAW MILLS, RAKES

MOWERS.
FARM AND FREIGHT WAGONS, aU sizes.
BUGGIES, SURREYS, DAYTON WAGONS,

ROAD CARTS.

Implements, Machinery and Vehicles for all Purposes.

»&- WRITE FOR PRICES. -m

1903.1

THE SOUIKERN PLAJSTBB

231

BOILING IT DOWN.

An amusing story is told of the editor
of a go-ahead London evening newspaper
who in the eternal rushing to press to get
ahead of the opposition was constantly
impressing upon his reporters the nfces
aity for conden^iug all news

A. terrific boiler explosion had taken
place on board a big ship lying at Ports-
mouth.

'■ Get down there as hard aa you can,"
he said to one of his men. " If you catch
the eleven-fortv from London Bridge
you'll be there eoon after two. and can
just wire us something for the fifth edi-
tion ; but boil it down."

And the reporter went. Soon after
three o'clock that afternoon they got a
wire from him ;

•"Terrific explosion. Man-o'-war. Boiler
empty. Engineer fuil. Funeral to-mor-
row."— London Tit-Bits.

KNEW HIS BUSINESS.

If I were the mayor," remarked the
Btranger who had attended a meeting of
the city council, " I wouldn't permit the
aldermen to waste so much time in use-
less wrangling over trivial matters."

" The mayor knows what he is about,"
replied the citizen. " When they're
wrangling they're not doing any mis-
chief."— Chicago Tribune.

"Of course, John Is a thoroughly Eng-
lish name."

"Oh 1 I don't know."

"O, but it is. The 'h,' you'll notice, isn't
sounded at all."

MORPHINE,

OPIUM, WHmHliDUl
DRUG HteilS

Cured Without Pain at Your Home.

THE BEST OF SANATORIUM FACILITIES
IF DESIRED.

If you are addicted to these habits you
can be cured and restored to your former
health and vigor without paia or the loss
of an hour from your business at a
moderate cost. The medicine builds up
your health, restores your nervous system
to its normal condition; you feel like a
different person from the beginning of
treatment, LEAVING OFF THE
OPIATES AFTER THE FIRST DOSE.
You will soon be convinced and fully
satisfied in your own mind that you will
be cured.

Mr. T. M. Brown, of DeQueen, Ark.,
says : " Over seven years ago I was curf d
of the opium habit by your medicine,
and have continued in the very best of
health since."

Dr. W. M. Tunstall.of Lovingston, Va.,
says : " I am glad to say that I firmly
believe that I am entirely and perma-
nently cured of the Drink Habit, as I

have never evea fo much as wanted a
drink in any form since I took your
eradicator, now eighteen months ago. It
was the beat Dollars I ever invested."

Mrs. Virginia Townsend, of Shreve-
port. La., writes: "No more opium. I
have taken no other remedy than yours
and I make no mistake when I say that
my health is better now than it ever was
in my life, and I owe it to you and your
remedy. It l^as been twelve years since
I was cured by your treatment."

For full pan iculars, address Dr. B. M.
Woolley, 201 Lowndes Bldg , Atlanta, Ga!

There are many times during the year
when you can probably do your neighbor
or friend a good turn. Perhaps he wants
something new for the farm; perhaps the
wife or daughter wants something new
in her department. If she does not know
just where to buy it. recommend that she
look through our paper and puiehaee
from its adverti-ers. In this way you
will be doing the editor a great favor, and
that favor will be returned to you many
times over in the addition of new and
interesting features to the paper. Always
mention the paper when writing adverti-
sers ; note our guarantee on this page.

A SAFE HATCH.

When 40 per-cent. of the eggs used
brings chicks to maturity, they are called
safe hatches by a large and sui'cessfnl
poultryman, who runs several incubators
and keeps a record of hatches and broods.

AINSLIE CARRIAGE CO.,

Nos. 8, 10 and 12 Tenth St., RIOHMOND, VA.

Building Carriages to order is our special business.
Repairing and Repainting done, and best material used.
A full line of all the latest styles. Orders for all
classes of Vehicles solicited.

1903. INTHESTUD AT LAURELHILLFARM. 1903.
THE FINE HACKNEY STALLION

* HEIDRIK -f

Bay horse, foaled 1898 ; 16 hands high. This horse

has great natural action, and is capable of getting

the highest class harness horses.

FEE, $10 00 the Season or $15 00 to Insure.

Address C. F. & J. BUTTON, Walker's Ford, Va.

Stallions at SpringGarden

The Property of Mr. ROBERT TAIT.

Burlingame, 262,3.5, record 2:18}, bay horse, by Guy Wilkes,
2:15}, dam the famous brood mare Sable, by The Moor. This
horse is richly bred, a prize winner at the New York Horse
Show, and sires grand looking colts. Fee $25 toe season.

Ed. Kearney, chestnut horse, bv Tom Ochiltree, dam Medusa,
by Sensation. A grand looking specimen of the thoroughbred,
and will sire not only race horses, but hunters and jumpers of
the highest class. Fee, $10 the season.

Address SPRING GARDEN FARM, Goolwell P. 0., Va.

I903. IN THE STUD I903.

WEALTH^ 29579.

RACE RECORD, 2:17}, Pacing.

Timed separately in 2:08 in a race at Indiana

State Fair, 1902.

Bay horse, foaled 1897; 16 hands high, weight. 1 200 lbs

Sired bv Gambetta Wilkes, 2:19}, dam Magaoha, by Norfolk"

3b70. Wealth is grand individually and in appearance. *

FEE, $20 the Season with return privilege, cr $25 to insure.
Address S. F. CHAPMAN, Gordonsvlile, Va.

ORB A TSTA KBS, 2552 1 .

RACE RECORD, 2:20, Trotting.

Bay horse, by Billy Thornhill, 2:24, dam Sweetstakes
by Sweep Stakes, 298. Great Stakes has sired Cap-
tain, 2:16}; Foxhall, 2:i9f, and four others in the list.
FEE, $25.00 for the Season of 1903.

W. H. NELSON. - 1417 E. Franklin St, Riohmond, Va.

Pedigrees traced and tabulated. Catalogues compiled and cir-
culars prepared. Special attention given registration
matters pertaining to thoroughbred and trotting horses

..BY..

"W". J. CA.RT£:r (Broad Rock),

p. O. Box 929, RICHnONO. VA

Etepresentlng the

The Times-Dispatch, Richmond, Va.
SOOTHEKN Planter, Richmond, Va.
Sports of the Times. New York.
KENTncKT .Stock Farm. Lexington. Ky,
Brebdeb and Sportsman, San Francisco, Cal.

232

THE BOUTHEKN PLAISTBB.

[Maich

Latest Improved FARM IMPLEMENTS.

iRONRor'^'

Aspinwall Potato Planter.

Auloraarlo, Accurate aurt Reliable. Used
by thousands of practlPAl growers the world
over. Over twenty years on the market.
Don't be fooled by Imitations and make-khlfts,
but write for attractive lllustraleil catalogue.

Steel Lever Harrows.

Wood Harrows— All sizes.
Disc Harrows— All sizes.
Spring Tooth Harrows- AH sizes.
Acme Harrows— All sizes.
Harrows or all styles kept in stock at low-
est net prices.

I9.S.B.

Special prices given on Studebaker and
Brown Wagons, Buggies and Carte. Be^cnt Disc Cultivator, with 6 or 8 Disc.

Built entirely of steel, steel forglngsand raall©*
_ , , , _ , 11 » i_« e>,,.j. ablelroii. The most Blinple and easiest adju8t«d

Studebaker Buegles, all styles, btuae- cultivator on tne market to-day. Write for cli^
b.ker Carriages. Studebaker Carts, cularsand le.umonlals.

Studebaker Runabouts. Tlie SCIENTIFIC Grinding Mills.

Tlie Improved Foos Qas and
Buclceye Force Pumps. Porcelained Qasolene Engines.

Wood Pumps. Wood and Steel
Wind Mills.

ELI BALING PRESSES.

6$ styles and sizes. For horseor steam

power.

Write for prices and satalogues.

Frick and Aultmen and Taylor Engines,
Saw Mills and Tlireshers.

DON'T FORGET '..n^r::^^

to sell Oliver Plow.s and Repairs only sell the
Imitation, Bogus, Cheap Goods. The only
place In Richmond, Va., to buy Genuine Oli-
ver Plows and Repairs Is at 1436 and 1438 Bast
Main Street.

r^^'^"a-<^^^"'"

One and Two-Horse Planter, Plain or
witli Fertilizer Attachment.

Cahoon Seed Sower.
Michigan Wheelbarrow Sower.

Three sizes.

CUHBERLAND VALLEY CORN

SHELLERS,

jj^i One and Two Hole.

The frame is made of thoroughly
dry hard wood. Thejolnta mortised,
tenoned andbolled. The bearings are
bolted on to the frame Instead of
screwed. The Iron work Is made from
the very best material, and ever piece
Is carefully inspected before being put
on. This machine Is high-grade all
the way through. It is handsomely
painted, striped and varnished.

Vyrlte forspecial catalogue and

price on any Implements

wanted.

Superior Grain and Fertilizer
Drills. Hoe and Disc.

Kemp's Improved Manure Spreader,
Three sizes.

> Bement" Improved Duplex Tooth Weeders.

Write for circulars and prices.

HENING & NUCKOLS,cHVs?rH°iSI{|R. 1436-31 [.Main Street

.HI.

The Southern Planter.

aeVOTED TO

PRACTICAL AND PROGRESSIVE AGRICULTURE, HORTICULTURE,
TRUCKING, LIVE STOCK AND THE FIRESIDE.

Agriculture la the nursing mother of the Art^.—XENOPMON.
Tillage and pasturage are the two breasts of the State.--SULLV.

d4th Year.

Richmond, April, 1903.

No 4.

Farm Management.

WORK FOR THE flONTH.

The month of March has given us a most welcome
change in the weather conditions over the Southern
States. Up to the 3d- of February, whilst we had only
very little severely cold weather, we had almost con-
tinuous rains, and February itself was, with the excep-
tion of the years 1897 and 1899, the wettest February
we have had since the records were kept, giving a
record of 4.97 inches for this State. The month of
March up to this writing (20th) has been spring-like
and genial — indeed, in many sections, has been warmer
than could have been wished, and unless we are to have
a continuance of such weather, is likely to cause pre-
mature blooming of fruit trees, with consequent great
risk of loss of crops. The warmth of the weather, with
the abundance of moisture in the soil, has caused vege-
tation to make a rapid advance, and wheat, oats, grass
and clover are, generally, looking and promising well.
We have heard little complaint of winter killing of the
wheat and oat plant, but some complaint of damage
by fly in some sections. The continuous rain of Febru-
ary caused some delay in the sowing of tobacco plant
beds, but with the warmth of this month this seed,
when sown, will germinate quickly, and probably no
harm has been done to the prospects of the crop. We
may, we think, with confidence assert that we enter
upon the crop season with good prospects. The only
drawback would seem to be that plowing of the land

has been delayed with those, and unfortunately there
are many, who did not avail themselves of the fall and
early winter months. Whilst very many more now
use these months as they ought to be used in getting
forward the preparation of the land for spring crops,
there is yet much room for improvement. The sowing
of the spring oat crop has also been delayed, and we
fear much that many crops will be put in too late to
make a profitable yield if hot weather should set in
as early as is often the case. We believe that much bet-
ter can be done with the land than seeding to oats at
this late period of the spring. In the South spring
oats are mainly grown as a forage crop. To put the
crop in after February, or at the latest, the first half of
March, is to run a great risk of a crop hardly worth
the cutting for hay. Far better would it be to leave
the land unseeded in mSst eases until after the com
crop is planted, and then sow to one of the numerous
summer forage crops of which we can grow so great a
variety, and which make a yield so much greater per
acre of the best and most nutritious feed for stock.
Where a farmer can grow, but say at best, two tons
to the acre of oat hay, he can readily grow twice or
three times that weight of peas and sorghum, sorghum
alone, or of German millet or Pencillaria (Cattail mil-
let), or of Soy beans, or even of com, and can cut some
of these crops and harvest them in time to follow with
another crop of the same kind. Indeed, we know of

234

THE SOUTHERN PLANTER.

[April

men who niakx' three crops of peas and sorghum hay
or two crops of millet in the season. Teocinte, also
in the Southern portion of this State, and in all the
States South of this will make two or more crops of
the finest feed either for green feed or for fodder from
one. seeding. We would urge this matter on the atten-
tion of our readers.

We hear excellent reports of the Crimson clover
crops from almost every section. The mildness of
the winter has favored the growth, and there will be
a heavy yield per acre. We would urge our readers
not to let the crop stand too long before cutting for
h*y. It is a perfectly safe crop to feed to stock of
all kinds when made into hay if cut just when
coming into bloom, but if allowed to stand until
the seed forms it is not safe to feed to horses (we have
never heard of any trouble caused to cows). The hulls
of the seed mat together in the stomach and form hard
balls which cannot be passed through the bowels. We
have had several such balls sent in, taken from horses,
and which had caused their death, as large as an orange.

The preparation of the land for the corn crop and the
planting of it will be the chief work calling for the
attention of farmers during this month. A careful con-
sideration of the subject in the light of the numerous
experiments made in different States compels us to the
conclusion that the successful and profitable produc-
tion of corn depends more upon the perfect prepara-
tion of the land for the crop before planting, and the
subsequent cultivation of the crop, than upon the quan-
tity and quality of the fertilizer used on the crop.
Whilst the average production of com in Virginia is
about 20 bushels to the acre; in North Carolina about
13 bushels, and South Carolina about 10 bushels, yet
Virginia upland has made, in one experiment, nearly
100 bushels to the acre, and Virginia lowland nearly
200 bushels to the acre. South Carolina has made the
largest crop to the acre of any State in the Union —
nearly 250 bushels to the acre. In all these cases of
great yield the preparation of the land before planting
was such as to put the soil into nearly a perfect condi-
tion as a seed bed, not merely just on the surface, but
to a depth of 12 to 15 inches. Com is a crop with an
enormous capacity for root development, and it is upon
this development that the power of the plant to produce
a great yield largely depends. If the soil is deeply and
finely broken the roots will fill the whole soil for an
area of 6 feet around each plant and to the depth
of the finely broken soil. With such an enormous feed-
ing area and the known capacity of the crop to utilize
even tough and largely unavailable plant food for other

crops, and the fact that it exercises this capacity during
the hottest months of the year when nitrification is
most active in the soil, there can be no reason why we
in Virginia, North and South Carolina should rest
content with such miserably poor yields of this crop as
are common. With a yield of 20 bushels to the acre
how can there be profit in the production of corn even
at 50 cents per bushel ? The average cost of the produc-
tion of the crop was ascertained for the United States
several years ago by the Department of Agriculture,
and was fixed at $11.81 per acre for the South. This
cost included an item of $3.00 per acre rent for the
land. At this figure, with 20 bushels to the acre, the
cost of the corn is 59 cents per bushel, showing even
at a sale price of 50 cents a loss of 9 cents per bushel on
the cost of production. The Maryland Bureau of Sta-
tistics has recently investigated this question of the cost
of corn production in that State, and fixes the cost,
under ordinary conditions of cultivation, at $10.10
per acre, or 50 cents per bushel with 20 bushels to the
acre. We want to see this year an effort generally made
to alter this condition of affairs, and make the produc-
tion of the corn crop a profitable one. It is a most
important one to this State, as the total crop of last
year was over 41,000,000 bushels. As we have above
stated, the first step in this work should be a better
preparation of the land. Where the land was deeply
broken in the fall and early winter months this better
preparation can be brought about by the use of the bor-
row, roller and cultivator in most cases, but if the soil is
at all packed hard in the bottom do not hesitate to
replow after well breaking the surface with the harrow
and cultivator. It will pay well to adopt this course.
There should be at least a foot deep of finely broken
soil before seed is planted. Where the land is still to
plow it is too late now to turn up the subsoil on to the
surface. Plow an inch or two deeper than last year,
and then break the subsoil with a subsoil plow or
coulter, but do not bring it to the surface. Then
harrow, reharrow, roll and cultivate until the whole of
the field is a bed of finely broken soil. As the sub-
sequent cultivation of the crop during growth has a
large bearing upon the yield, do not break or plant an
acre more than you will be able to care for as it ought
to be done during growth. Better to plant a short crop
and care for it well than pitch a large one and have
subsequently to neglect it. Land not planted can sub-
sequently be put into a forage crop of some kind and a
good return be obtained from it in the way of feed for
stock. Do not plow the land until it is dry enough to
leave the plow in a crumbly condition; wet clods
turned up now are very apt to remain clods until next

1903.]

THE SOUTHERN PLANTER.

235

year with all the plant food in them securely locked
away from the use of the crop. Land plowed wet is
land ruined for at least one year, and often for very
many years.

Whilst, as we have stated, we believe that much more
depends upon the perfect preparation of the land than
upon the fertilizer used, yet we are compelled to say
something as to fertilizing the crop, as we have so
many enquiries upon the subject. A careful examina-
tion of the result of the experiments made in the differ-
ent States upon this question show that with but very
few exceptions, there is no fertilizer which can be used
with profit on the corn crop except farm yard manure.
We do not want to be understood as asserting that fer-
tilizer is of no use to the crop, but that its use is rarely
profitable. It can be so used as to materially increase
the yield, but with a crop having a comparatively low
market value like corn the increase of yield required to
be made to be profitable over the cost of the fertilizer
is so large as to be rarely reached. A crop of 30 bushels
to the acre removes from the "soil 40 lbs. of nitrogen,
41 lbs. of potash and 13 lbs. of phosphoric acid. This
would point to the necessity for using a fertilizer rich
in potash and nitrogen, yet many of the best crops have
been grown with the use of a fertilizer in which a low
percentage of both these ingredients Jiave been applied.
. The explanation of this so far as the nitrogen is con-
cerned may probably be found in the fact that corn
makes its growth at a period of the year when nitri-
fication is most active in the soil, and with its great
root growth the plant is able to seize upon this nitro-
gen over so large a surface as to meet all its require-
ments. Whilst as to the potash, the natural supply
of this in the soil of most of the land east of the Blue
Ridge is sufficiently large to meet requirements of a
plant able like corn to utilize plant food in a somewhat
tough and unavailable condition as compared with the
ability of most plants to utilize such food. In experi-
ments made at the Virginia Experiment Station, the
needs of the crop, as shown by what plant food an
average crop removed from the soil, were sought to be
met by the application of 80 lbs. of muriate of potash,
SO lbs. of dissolved bone black and 254 lbs. of nitrate
of soda. With this application the yield of the plots
over those upon which no fertilizer was applied were as
follows: Where only the potash was applied the in-
crease was 3 bushels to the acre, where only the phos-
phoric acid was applied the increased yield was 5
bushels to the acre, and where only the nitrogen was
applied the increased yield was 2 bushels to the acre.
The best yield made in the experiments was where 130
lbs. of potash, 120 lbs. of bone black and 381 lbs. of

nitrate of soda were applied. This increased the crop
6 bushels over that on the unfertilized plot, but the
cost was greater than was justified by the increase, as
where only half this amount of fertilizer was used the
yield was only 1 bushel less. The conclusion to be
drawn from the experiments is that the most import-
ant factor in a corn fertilizer is the phosphoric acid,
which can just as well and as cheaply be supplied by
acid phosphate as bone black, and that with this should
be used a small proportion of nitrogen and probably
with advantage in some sections such as the sandy lands
of the coast plain a small amount of potash. Where
land is very deficient in vegetable matter cotton seed
meal has been found to be a useful help in the making
of the crop, and we would certainly advise its use in the
cotton sections. It supplies nitrogen and a small per-
centage of phosphoric acid, and being only slowly avail-
able, helps the crop all through the growing season.
Whenever farm yard manure is available do not fail
to use it. Its results are certain, and nowhere on the
farm can it be better used than on this crop. Wherever
fertilizer is used in excess of 250 lbs. to the acre apply
it broadcast and work it well into the land. If only
250 lbs. or less be applied put it in the row and mix it
well with the soil before planting. The best fertiliza-
tion for the corn crop is to let it always follow a clover
and grass sod upon which the farm yard manure has
been gotten out during the winter. If a heavy yield is
to be looked for there must be a heavy growth of stalks
to carry the ears. It is no use expecting a great crop
with rows 4 feet apart and the stalks 3 feet apart in
the rows. There are not sufficient stalks on the land to
make a great yield. The rows should not be more than
3 feet apart, and the plants should he 2 feet apart in the
rows. If the land will not make a good yield planted
at this distance it is not in good enough fertility to be
utilized profitably for a corn crop, and ought to be
improved by growing peas and having manure applied
to it. In planting the crop use a planter that will throw
out a furrow and drop the seed in the bottom of the
furrow, and then cover it, say, 2 or 3 inches. This
allows the crop to be cultivated more closely to the
plants without injuring them in the early stage of
growth, and later permits of the soil being worked to
them, and thus gives them a better hold on the land to
withstand the wind.

If cut worms are likely to be troublesome poison
them before planting the corn. It is no use doing so
after the com is up, as they will prefer the corn to the
poison. Mix Paris green with bran moistened so that
it will stick together in balls and drop these over the
field or dip bunches of green clover in Paris green
mixed in water and drop these in the field.

23G

THE SOUTHERN PLANTER.

[April

Push on the planting of the cotton crop as fast as the
condition of the land will allow. In our last issue we
gave advice as to the planting and fertilization of this
crop, and to that we refer our readers.

In this issue will be found an article on the prepara-
tion for the tobacco crop.

PREPARING FOR AND FERTILIZINQ THE
TOBACCO CROP.

The tobacco crop is one of so much importance to the
South Atlantic Coast States that we are not surprised
to receive numerous requests to discuss the question
of preparing the land for it and the fertilizer neces-
sary to be used to produce it profitably. In 1892 Vir-
ginia produced 136,789,250 lbs. of tobacco on 182,259
acres; North Carolina produced 142,520,950 lbs. on
219,263 acres, and South Carolina 25,629,948 lbs. on
34,912 acres, and Maryland 31,300,625 lbs. on 34,081
acres. The indications now are that, notwithstanding
the action of the so-called "trusts," the area in tobacco
will this year be still larger than the last. This would
seem unmistakably to point to the fact that tobacco pro-
duction is still a profitable business, and we believe
this to be true, notwithstanding the complaints as to
limitation of buyers. The truth is, that the demand
for the weed grows apace, and, though there are fewer
buyers, those on the market have much greater demands
to supply than ever in the past, and by their enormous
command of capital they have extended their busi-
nesses so as to command world-wide trade instead of,
as formerly, merely local consumption, and they can
therefore afford to give good prices for good tobacco.
Poor they do not want. For good tobacco there is,
and seems likely to be, an almost unlimited demand,
and these coast States being in a latitude and an
isothermal belt, where conditions are most favorable
for its production, the growth of it here is likely each
year to become larger. Under these circumstances it
is wisdom on the part of our tobacco planters to give
greater consideration to the problems involved in its
culture and curing. Tobacco is a crop that requires
for its successful culture more care in the preparation
of the land and the fertilizing of it than in the past
has been given to it. It is a plant that is more in-
fluenced in its growth by soil conditions than almost
any other crop. Whilst almost every kind of land in
these coast States will grow tobacco, yet each different
kind of land and the condition of that land as to fer-
tility and mechanical condition so changes the charac-
ter of the growth as to make it practically a different

crop on each different kind of land. The influence of
the soil and the character of the plant food in it and
its degree of availability so affects the "cure" of the
crop as to make some of it most desirable upon the
market, whilst other lots will go begging for a buyer
at the price of trash. One of the most essential requi-
sites for a successful tobacco crop is the most perfect
physical and mechanical condition of the soil before
planting. This is necessary for two or three reasons.
Primarily and mainly, it is necessary because of the
fact tliat the crop has only a short season of growth,
about 100 days on the average, and it starts out on this
season of growth one of the smallest and most delicate
of plants. To enable such a plant with naturally a
limited root growth to acquire the size and leaf area
necessary to make it profitable in that short period it
must have the finest mechanical condition of the soil,
so that the tiny rootlets may run freely and be able to
lay hold of and utilize the plant food within their lim-
ited area, and this plant food must be in a most avail-
able condition. Hence arises the necessity not only for
a fine mechanical condition of the soil, but also a fine
physical condition. The soil requires to be well filled
with vegetable matter, so that it may hold moisture
and that the acids developed by this vegetable matter
may give aid in dissolving and rendering available the
natural and applied plant food in the soil. Very much
of the failure to grow tobacco successfully in recent
years in the South arises from the fact that the vege-
table matter in the soil has been depleted so much by
constant cropping and the failure to return vegetable
matter to the soil, either in the shape of humus pro-
ducing crops or farm-yard manure, as to leave the soil
lacking in this essential to successful quick growth.
The first step therefore required to be taken by tobacco
planters is to break their tobacco fields early and set
about tlie complete pulverizing of the soil. The land
should be plowed, harrowed, rolled ,and replowed, har-
rowed and rolled until a deep bed is made as fine as an
ash heap. To do this, however, on land devoid of
humus will be waste of labor and money. Therefore
select only such land for planting as is well supplied
with this necessary ingredient. If lacking it must be
supplied by farm-yard manure or other vegetable mat-
ter. Commercial fertilizer will never make good this
deficiency. With reference to the fertilizing of the crop
Professor Patterson, the director of the Maryland Ex-
periment Station, discussing experiments made at that
station, says:

"In applying fertilizers or manure to most crops, of
course it is always desirable to increase the yield, and
in general that is the primary object of fertilization.

1903 ]

THE SOUrHERN PLANTER.

237

and it is only in the increased yield that we commonly
look for profit from the application of manure. With
tobacco we find ourselves confronted with a very dif-
ferent condition of affairs, it often being easy to pro-
duce an increase in the yield, but the product will be
of an inferior quality, and in consequence its total
value much less than it would have been without fer-
tilization. Again, fertilizers will often show little, if
any, increase in yield, but cause a decided improvement
in quality, and thus give return by the tobacco bring-
ing more per pound than it would have otherwise done.
The Maryland Agricultural Experiment Station has
been making experiments along this line and studying
the effect of our chief fertilizing elements upon the
feeding habits of the tobacco plant, and their ulti-
mate effect upon its quality, particularly the burning
quality. These experiments, thoixgh conducted upon
Maryland soils, yet have brought out many facts that
are equally applicable to the crop wherever grown.
These experiments showed the potash salts to be the
most potent factors in changing the composition and
quality of the tobacco produced. It was shown very
plainly that muriate of potash, kainit and loiv grade
sulphate of potash were unfit for use as tobacco fer-
tilizers, and should never be applied to lands that
were ever to be cultivated in tobacco, because the
chlorine which these potash salts contain is taken up
very freely by the tobacco plant, and chlorine always
produces a tobacco with bad burning qualities. On
the other hand, high grade sulphate of potash always
improved the burning qualities. Carbonate of potash
(ashes) produced tobacco with the best combustibility.
The application of potash was, in most cases, accom-
panied by an increase in yield, Lnt in many cases the
increase was small.

Phosphoric acid proved to have but little direct
bearing upon the combustibility, but generally pro-
duced a very decided increase in the yield. Lime and
magnesia compounds, in small quantities, seemed to
produce a tobacco that cured badly and had an in-
ferior texture; the duration of glow was considerably
longer with the lime and magnesia tobaccos, but in
many cases the ash was of a bad color. On the whole,
while lime and magnesia will often very materially
increase the yield, yet the quality is such that their
application cannot be recommended.

The salient principles in the use of fertilizers for
the tobacco crop may be summarized as follows:

1st. Apply fertilizers with reference to improve-
ment of quality rather than quantity, and never sac-
rifice quality of tobacco for quantity.

2d. Many things that produce marked increase in
yield make tobacco of inferior quality.

3d. Use concentrated fertilizers as the extraneous
matter — matter, not plant food, very often has the ef-
fect of making inferior tobacco.

4th. Tobacco lands should not be cropped by plants
that take out of the soil relatively much potash and
little chlorine.

5th. Never apply any fertilizer to tobacco that con-
tains much, if any, chlorine.

6th. Chlorine always causes tobacco to burn badly.

7th. Never apply common salt to tobacco lands.

8th. Do not furnish the potash of a tobacco fertilizer
by means of muriate of potash, as it produces a bad
quality.

9th. Do not apply kainit to tobacco or tobacco lands,
as it produces a bad quality of tobacco.

10th. Do not use low-grade sulphate of potash in
tobacco fertilizers, as it causes inferior quality in the
tobacco.

11th. High-grade sulphate of potash always im-
proved the quality of tobacco, and generally increased
the yield.

12th. The tobacco having the best combustibility
was grown with carbonate of potash, but the cost of
carbonate of potash often excludes its use.

13th. Never apply lime to land immediately before
planting it in tobacco. In fact, its bad effects upon
curing will sometimes last for several years.

14th. Phosphoric acid generally increases the yield,
but does not affect the quality.

loth. Nitrogen produces in most cases an increased
yield; but no marked effects on quality could be de-
tected.

16th. Yard manure is not well adapted to tobacco,
as it is apt to contain detrimental chlorine compounds,
and contains relatively too much nitrogen and too lit-
tle phosphoric acid and potash.

Having thus discussed the general principles af-
fecting the production and fertilization of the tobacco
crop, we think it may be well to conclude with two or
three specific formulae for the fertilization of the crop.
These were tested in this State by one of the most in-
telligent, studious and successful growers, the late
Major R. L. Ragland, and may therefore be taken to
be reliable. He tried six different system of fertiliza-
tion one year. On Plot No. 1 he applied 50 lbs. of sul-
phate of ammonia, 80 lbs. of dried blood, 50 lbs. of sul-
phate of potash and 114 lbs. of acid phosphate. This
plot produced tobacco of the value of $131.20. Plot
No. 2, fertilized with 72 lbs. of nitrate of soda, 80 lbs.
of dried blood, 120 lbs. of sulphate of potash and 114

832

THE SOUTHERN PLANTER.

[April

lbs. of acid phosphate, produced tobacco of the value of
$127.90. Plot No. 3, fertilized with 160 lbs. of dried
blood, 120 lbs. of sulphate of potash and 114 lbs. of
acid phosphate, produced tobacco of the value of
$146.60. These three plots were the most successful
of the six tested. He remarked that where dried blood
and nitrate of soda were used, in combination or sepa-
rately, there was scarcely any field firing, much less
than where no fertilizers were used.

CORN CULTURE,

Editor Southern Planter:

So many inquiries have come to me about the grow-
ing of corn that I take the liberty of replying to them
through the columns of the Southern Planter.

There are some general impressions regarding seed
and the corn plant which are erroneous, and which I be-
lieve affect very much the yield of corn in our State.
In the first place it is a general practice in preparing
seed to cut off the tips and butts of the ears and plant
only the middle grains. This is unfortunate, for the
small grains on the tip of the ear have more vitality
and are the best on the ear ; the butt grains are slightly
better or certainly as good as the middle grains. An
experiment in the field or garden will convince the
skeptical of the truth of this. Seed corn should be
taken from good sound ears and the whole ear should
be used. If prolific seed is used the lower and smaller
ear which comes out last will have the tendency to
multiply ears to a much greater extent than the large
ears above. If the large top ear is continually used ii
will soon grow only a one-eared corn.

Another popular error is that the com plant has
shallow roots. It is often the case that the roots of
the corn plant are all near the top of the ground, but
it is because the ground has been so poorly prepared
that the roots cannot go deeper. If the land permits it
the roots will go six feet and more into the ground, and
the intermediate space will be filled with roots. It'is of
first importance in cultivating corn to break the ground
as deeply as possible, otherwise our clay subsoil will stop
the roots near the surface. I use a three-horse plow
and run a two-horse subsoil plow in the furrow. The
subsoil plow is rather expensive, and I have gotten
almost as good results is most soils, in some soils better
results, with a long heavy coulter with projecting
tongue. I have in this way broken bottom land 22
inches, hillsides 14 to 16 inches. The benefit of this is
three-fold, it allows the roots to go deep into the soil
to feed; it stores up the winter and spring rains and
insures against dry weather in summer, and by takin

the rains down into the soil it prevents washing. By
plowing in this way "worn out" lands will soon be
brought back to fertility. Shallow plowing is the curse
of our farming; it means twisted com when hot and
dry weather comes, "short" corn at harvest, galls and
gullies. The subsoil when acted upon by sun and air
becomes valuable for plant food and restores fertility
to the soil. After the land is deeply plowed it should
be put into perfect order before planting. All clods
left at planting time can be counted on to roll around
the rest of the season, or, if buried, to lock up the fer-
tility. It is easier to cultivate corn before planting
than after. In our section I have found it better not
to plant too early. Hill land planted by May 10th and
low grounds by May 20th is early enough. I would
rather have it put in then than a month earlier,
especially if the land is thoroughly worked in the
meantime.

The cultivation after planting should be shallow and
level. A weeder, if started early enough and kept
going, is a splendid implement, one hand and horse going
over 20 acres a day and doing all that is needed. If
you let the weeds get a few days start the weeder is no
earthly account. Kill the weeds when they first
"hatch." After the corn gets a foot or so high" a five-
tooth cultivator should be used, nothing heavier. The
soil should be gently stirred and kept clean.' Any
breaking of the roots of the com plant is injurious,
and even in a wet season, when it is least harmful, it
will lesson the yield.

Another caution seems to be needed. Do not plow-
land when wet, especially clay soils. Next to shallow
plowing this is mining more land in Virginia than any
other cause. Take up a handful of the soil near the
bottom of the furrow and squeeze it hard three or four
times, then throw it on the ground, if it goes to pieces
the land will do to plow, but if it hangs together in a
clod, or like putty, it is too wet. Land plowed too wet
will take several years to recover. Winter plowing and
freezing is the best way to get it back to proper tilth.

In planting I like to lay off the rows with a one-horse
plow, mnning several times in the row, and put the
seed down in the ground deep, then cover lightly.
After the corn is up, at each working the soil works
to the corn. This helps the com later on to stand up
when heavy rains and winds come. Covering too deep
retards the sprouting and growth.

Where land is rich and well plowed put more seed in
the ground. On bottom lands with the kind of com
I grow I try to have the rows 2^ feet apart and a single
stalk every twelve inches in the row. This looks very
thick, but it pays if the land is plowed deep enough to

1903.]

THE SOUTHERN PLANTER.

239

let the roots down into the ground. A good Valley
farmer was driving into my farm with me, and looking
at the gromng corn, said: "Mr. Woods, if you don't
thin that corn you will get nothing but fodder." Tt
yielded a fraction over 163 bushels (shelled com) to
the acre: I believe we are making the same mistake
with all other crops — wheat, oats, and especially grass.
We do not put enough seed on the ground, or better
still, in the ground, for all seed ought always to be well
covered.

I think we do not appreciate the possibilities in our
hands when we plant our crops. We have too little
faith. A farmer who does not believe that more than
60 bushels of corn can be raised to the acre is not apt
to raise more. It will be an accident if he does. But
the man who knows what has been done will try to come
somewhere near the mark. The best authentic crop of
corn, as far as I am informed, was 250 bushels of
shelled corn on one acre of land. Most of us cannot
attain this perhaps, but we can easily double or triple
the crops we are raising by a judicious selection of
seed and by intensive farming. The average yield
credited to Virginia in the Agricultural Department
Reports should suggest something to us Virginia
farmers. We all ought to have the latest work on Corn
Culture, and read it and practice its teachings.

Albemarle Co., Va. Samuel B. Woods.

SHALL IT BE COW-PEAS OR SOY BEAN

Editor Southern Planter:

The year 1902 gave the writer a season of experience
with rich results. He has contended that when better
known the Soy bean would, as a farm and feed crop, be
second only to corn. Events of 1902 bring the matter
right to the door of the dairyman, feeders, breeders and
farmers.

All kinds of ordinary hay and fodders can be per-
fectly cured and housed. The farm press bears evi-
dence that curing cow-pea hay is a difficiilt problem,
too often a total failure.

In ten years' experience more than one-third of the
time we have either lost all or a large part of our pea
hay. Our best seasons we have lost a large part of the
best of it, the leaves. If rained on after they are cut
the leaves, stems and vines turn black, the leaves shatter
off, we get into the bam a lot of stringy stuff with a
hempen fiber so tough stock cannot masticate it, and
have a big waste. The quality of the feed is seriously
injured.

For hogging off, for pasture, or to plow under I re-
gard the cow-pea a wonderful crop.

In this correspondence I have given tables taken
from the bulletins of the Department of Agriculture,
of Washington, D. C, showing that as a means of tak-
ing nitrogen from the air and fixing it in the soil the
Soy bean stands first, clover second and cow-peas third.

I have also shown from the letter of Mr. James Bell-
wood, of Virginia, that he has thrashed "over one hun-
dred bushels of Soy beans from one acre of rich 'James
river' bottom land." No man in Virginia has higher
standing or character than Mr. Bellwood. I copied
from these bulletins that analysis shows that one bushel
of Soy bean seed has a feeding value equivalent to more
tlian three bushels of corn. Then (I don't say it, but
the United States says) this one acre of beans was
worth more than 300 bushels of corn for feeding pur-
poses.

1 have also given tables showing that corn fodder and
Soy bean liay, equal parts, make a perfectly "balanced
ration."

The difficulty in getting seed that would grow, and
harvesting Soy beans, have kept them in the back-
ground. With our better knowledge both are over-
come.

The Soy bean is so rich in nitrogen that if thrashed
and put in bulk with the least moisture in the seeds
the will heat enough to injure the germ. That part of
the crop the farmer wants for seed he should let stand
until the leaves fall off then cut, shock and let stand
until the seed is dry, thrash and put in sacks (do not
bulk) and store in a dry place. Thus treated, every seed
will grow. The idea is to thoroughly eliminate mois-
ture. A common separator thrashes them as easily as
oats.

Haevesting and Curing This Crop.

Previous to 1902 I have been able to cut and bind a
few bundles in a comparatively green state. They cured
out perfectly, but following the cutting we had ideal
curing weather, hot with fresh winds. I feared to put
it out to the public lest wet, muggy weather might cause
them to heat and mould. In 1902 I determined to test
the mater and found a machine that could cut and bind
them in their greenest stage. The weather was cloudy,
with showers every few days. I selected about three
acres of very heavy beans from 3^ to 5 feet high, in full
bloom (their greenest stage). I cut them in the after-
noon, leaving them on the ground to wilt and dry out a
few days before shocking. That night a hard shower
wet the bundles thoroughly. They were shocked the
next day as we would wheat.

A few days after they were shocked we had a down-
pour; the dense and immense foilage turned the water
off like a duck's feathers, then we had four weeks of

240

THE SOUTHEKN PLANTER.

[April

cloudy and showery weather, ideal to test the question
whether Soy beans cut green and tightly bound would
cure out into perfect animal feed. They were left six
weeks, until perfectly cured and dry, and when fed out
not a moulded bundle was found.

Two days before I cut the beans I cut four acres of
cow-peas. The continued wet weather caused us to lose
the pea foilage, it rotted. I got a fair crop of pea seed.

The superiority of the Soy bean over any other crop
will be empliasised in our future farming by growing
Soy beans alone for feed, pasture and to plow do\^Ti.

Olnetj, Illinois. Robert C. Morris.

RANDOM NOTES ON MARCH NUHBERS.

Editor Southern Planter:

Mr. Clarh's Grass. — The wonderful results that have
been secured by Mr. Clark, in Connecticut, as noted in
your editorial remarks, show conclusively the value of
heavy fertilization for grass, and the crops he has made
show that this lavish fertilization is done at a profit.
Then, too, as we have often insisted, the corn crop is the
place where the farm manure pays best and furnishes
humus to enable the fertilizers to act more efficiently
through the retention of moisure in the land. What
crops of grass could be made on the mellow lands of
Eastern North Carolina and Southeastern Virginia by
Clark's method? The black peaty soils of Eastern
North Carolina naturally produce grass in abundance,
and on these soils the potash that Mr. Clark uses would
pay as well as there. You are right, so far as most of
the Piedmont soils of Virginia are concerned, in sup-
posing that they need little potash, but on the sandy
soils of the coast plain potash is an important matter.

Flat Culture of Cotton. — I have recently gotten let-
ters from all over the South showing that here and
there the growers are realizing that the old plan of
ridging and hilling is not best for the cotton crop any
more than for the com crop. The leaven of improve-
ment is working all through the cotton country, and
flat culture will soon come to be the method of the im-
proving farmers, and ere long the man who grows but
half a bale per acre will be looked upon as behind the
times as a farmer. Keep on urging the need of humus
in the cotton field. They cannot get humus with cot-
ton on the land every year, and the fertilizers will never
have their best effect till the cotton farmers go to
farming and quits cotton planting.

All Flesh is Grass.— And I am glad to see that the
farmers in the cotton belt are gradually losing their
dread of Bermuda and are beginning to realize that
grass and forage and cattle are as important in the im-

provement of the land for cotton as they are for the
crops of the North. When the cotton farmers fatten
three beeves for every bale of cotton they raise they will
grow more cotton on fewer acres and at a smaller cost
per pound.

Fertilizers for Peas. — On the sandy soils where Mr.
Tyson lives there is no doubt that liis mixture of acid
phosphate and potash will be the thing for peas, but on
the red clay uplands I had rather depend on the acid
phosphate alone or a much smaller percentage of the
potash. I used here last year a fertilizer with but 1
per cent, of potash on peas with marked results. The
recommendation of a fertilizer for any crop will de-
pend on the land where it is to be used, and no one but
tlie farmer can tell what his land needs, and he needs
to experiment to find out. Every thoughtful farmer
should study his soil and thus avoid the buying of what
he does not need.

Improving Mountain Land.~On the land in the
North Carolina mountains I am sure that the best
pasture can be made of the so-called English or Canada
blue grass, Poa Compressa. On these rich lands it will
be what Bermuda is to the lower South, and it thrives
on land where there is no limestone, while the Kentucky
grass does not.

Peas and Sorghum.— My advice is to put the peas
by themselves and the sorghum by itself. Sorghum
among the peas will make tliem hard to cure, for sor-
ghum never cures dry. Sorghum is valuable as a forage
but the peas are better without it. There is no diffi-
culty in curing peas by themselves, and I have the hay
to show that it is so. My hay has the leaves all green
m color and not a speck of mould, and it went into the
barn the third day after it was cut, and was cured there.
It is easier to balance the ration with the crops grown
separately than to try to grow two plants where but one
should grow.

Ginseng.—R&Tdly a day passes that I do not get an
inquiry about the cultivation of ginseng. The imagi-
native newspaper reporters have told such wonderful
tales about it that the men who are always ready to
drop the crops they know for others they know nothing
about, are all now seeking to know more of ginseng.
My advice is to stick to wheat, cotton, corn and peas
and let the men who want to, experiment with gingseng.
Like silk culture, there is nothing in it for most of us,
certainly not in the warmer sections of the South.

W. F. Massey,
Editor of Practical Farmer.

When corresponding with advertisers mention the
Planter.

I!i03]

THE SUUIHERN PLANTER.

241

NITRATE OF.SODA ON TOBACCO PLANT-BEDS.

Editor Southern Planter:

Mr. H P. Baker, of Cumberland county, Va., says in
March Planter that he used 10 lbs. to 100 square yards,
which would be at rate of 500 lbs. to the acre. He ap-
plied it when some plants were the size of a quarter.
I should have supposed that so heavy an application
would have burned the tender young plant. I have, a
number of times, experimented with nitrate soda on
tobacco plants, but never with such positive or imme-
diate action. In fact, I have been somewhat disap-
pointed in results and have concluded that I put
nitrate on too late, after plants were up, and felt con-
vinced that the proper time to put it on was a little
before plants came up. I tried to put at rate of 150
lbs. to acre, which I supposed was sufficient, as we put
on a pound to the yard of the highest grade plant bed
fertilizer when we sowed seed.

Nitrate of soda is very lumpy, and I found difficulty
in getting it fine enough to sow evenly, for if you sow
good sized lumps and they dissolve right around the
plants it will be apt to burn them. I have seen plants
burned entirely up in this way, and have also seen a
small piece of "Green Sward grass" burned up com-
pletely by a heavy application of nitrate.

jMy experience is that if you are going to put it on
plants after they are up, that it should either be dis-
solved in water and sprinkled on or else be sown on
bed while it is raining. If you knew positively it was
going to rain before night sow just before the rain. I feel
sure that my failures with nitrate of soda were caused
by putting it on too late. I have never had plants much
benefitted by it in time to plant but have gone back
to the bed after we had finished planting and found
it wild with green plants. I believe that nitrate is in-
valuable for plants if applied at right time and in
proper manner, and that you can have plants as early
as you choose.

it is Just such extravagant accounts as Mr. Baker's
which first started me to experimenting with nitrate,
not only on plants, but on numbers of other things,
greatly to my disappointment.

I believe that you can greatly benefit the tobacco
raisers by explaining to them the proper manner of
putting nitrate on plant beds. The next issue of your
paper will be out before the tobacco plants are up.
Myself and a number of my neighbors would have been
greatly benefitted by the proper information on this
very important subject several years ago, and would
have saved us the expense of buying our experience.
To the ordinary farmer the whole subject is a sort of a
mystery. Anyone expecting to see such miraculous
results as nitrate turning grass "a vivid green" in a
week after applied will be disappointed as I was. T
read about nitrate of soda years ago, and sent to New
York to the importer to get 300 lbs. A friend of mine did
the same. We tried it and gave it to others to try in
every conceivable manner without slightest results on
anything. We were so much disgusted that I waited
ten years before trying it again. We expected too imme-
diate action.

After readincr Planter to-dav I concluded to scribble

this with the hope that you might spare the time to
take it into consideration.
Albemarle, Co., Va. J- S. Wood.

Whilst we have never used nitrate of soda on tobacco
plant beds we have used it largely on farm and vege-
table crops of various kinds, and can, therefore, speak
with confidence as to its action. Nitrate of soda is
peculiar amongst fertilizers in that it is the only one
in use which is naturally in the condition in which
plants take nitrogen. All plants assimilate nitrogen
in the form of a nitrate. In all other forms of nitrogen
fertilizers the nitrogen is chemically when applied in
some other form than a nitrate, and has to undergo a
chemical change in the soil before the plants can utilize
it. It first passes into the form of a nitrite and then
into a nitrate, which absorbs time. In the form of sul-
phate of ammonia it is a sulphate, and has to pass
through several chemical changes before assimilable. In
the organic from, such as dried blood, fish scrap, cotton
seed meal, it has to decompose before the nitrogen takes
the form of a nitrate. A knowledge of these facts
should regulate the use of the different nitrogenous
fertilizers. Another feature about nitrate of soda in
which it differs from other fertilizers is its extreme
solubility. It melts as quickly as salt. If, therefore,
when applied the plant is not in a state of root activity
so that it can immediately utilize the nitrate, the
chances are strongly in favor of a heavy loss of the
nitrogen by leaching. This was clearly demonstrated
by Sir J. B. Lawes in one of his experiments. He ap-
plied nitrate of soda to a plot of tile drained land, the
drains of which discharged into tanks. On part of the
plot there was a growing crop, on another part there
was no vegetation. He applied equal quantities of
nitrate of soda to each plot. On the part where there
was a crop with active root growth the nitrate was all
assimilated by the crop and little or no trace of it could
be found in the drain water in the tank. On the other
plot, where there was no vegetation, nearly the whole of
the nitrate of soda was recovered from the drain water
in the tank. Bearing these facts in mind, the proper
time to apply nitrate of soda to any crop is after the
plants have commenced to grow, when root action is
active. We would always apply just previous to a gentle
rain if possible, but a heavy dew will readily dissolve
it. We have frequently seen the result of applying
nitrate of soda within a week after the application,
when conditions of root growth and moisture were favor-
able. The nitrate should be in as fine a condition as
possible when applied, all lumps being broken by beat-
ing with the back of a shovel or running a roller over
it on a hard floor before sowing. — Ed.

242

THE SOUTHER PLANTER.

[A|.ril

GRASS SEEDINQ— CORN QROWINQ— HAY
QROWINO.

Editor Southern Planter:

In your March edition you again advise sowing on
permanent meadows seeds of grasses that will die out,
relying upon other varieties to endure and to keep the
land covered. You have often recommended clover for
the same purpose.

This is all wrong. Where grass dies out weeds,
brushes, etc., will grow up. If you want a meadow or a
pasture to last, say five years, sow only grasses that will
last, and do not mix in anything that will not last.
This very common mistake is one of the reasons why
grass lands are not lasting here.

Here is a problem for you : Corn can be raised to
profit in Kansas, Nebraska and other Western States at
25 cents per bushel ; 40 to 50 bushels per acre is con-
sidered a good crop there.

Now, here corn sells at 50 cents per bushel. As there
is little difference in the cost of cultivation, provided
the corn is planted with check cable, so that the disk
cultivators can be worked both ways across the field, it
would seem that the Virginia planter could afford to
spend 25 cents per bushel in fertilizer for every bushel
of com if he can thus increase his harvest to 40 or 50
bushels per acre.

I read your account of the Clark system of hay cul-
ture. Over $40 per acre net profit looks big to a West-
erner who has seen real good hay sold at $3 per ton. I
take it, however, that Virginia soil is either not suited
to such intense culture or that Virginia farmers are
able to make more profit by other crops, else the Clark
system would be followed by those who have the means.
Has our Agricultural Experiment Station ever given
the system a trial? I have some red soil, some choco-
late color soil, some gray, wet soil and some river bot-
tom, and would like to know whether it is suited to the
Clark system, especially since some of the gray soil does
not seem to be much good for anything else.

Apropos of flat cultivation of corn. Why not publish
a few articles on the Campbell system of soil cvilture?

I notice many inquiries in regard to alfalfa. Farm-
ers should read Coburn's work on the subject. The
price, I think, is 50 cents, and it is worth $5 for every
acre of alfalfa. Seed should be sown with press-drill,
30 lbs. to the acre, drill twice, 15 lbs. each way. It does
not pay to sow alfalfa unless the soil has been infected
with tubercles. Probably most soils will require liming.
After the first year disk and cross-disk and roll every
spring. Sow between 1st and 20th of September.
Alfalfa will stand grazing well after the second year.

Hanover Co., Va. Greenhorn.

We are not in agreement with our correspondent on
the subject of grass seeding. The most permanent
grasses are slow to take hold of and cover the land,
hence the wisdom of seeding with them some of the less
permanent varieties to occupy the land for two or three
years until the permanent ones have gotten good hold.
These prevent weeds killing out the permanent grasses

in the first two years, and in their decay provide food
for the permanent grasses. The clover, whilst it lasts
and in its decay supplies nitrogen for the use of the
permanent grasses, hence its value in addition to its hay
value. There is no reason why corn cannot be grown
here as profitably as in the West, seeing the much
greater price for which it sells. The greatest crop ever
grown on an acre — 250 bushels — was grown in the
South, and several crops in excess of 150 bushels to
the acre have been grown in this State. What is more
needed to secure this end than periodical doses of fer-
tilizer is the enchancement of the permanent fertility
of the land by the addition of humus to our soils. The
corn crop is best fertilized with the coarse, home-made
farm yard manure. It is difficult to fertilize the com
crop with commercial fertilizers with profit. Read
what Professor Massey says in this issue as to Clark's
method of sfrowinff hav — we agree with him. — Ed.

THAT LITTLE FARM WELL TILLED.

Editor Southern Planter:

I do not believe that either you, or I, or anybody
else can over estimate the advantages growing out of the
"intensive" cultivation of the soil in Eastern Virginia.

The motto of our farmers should be "not how much,
but how well and how thorough." The aim should be
not how many acres can I till, but how much can I get
per acre.

Take a worn and "run down" farm in Eastern Vir-
ginia, worn by the tenant system, which robs the soil,
and by shallow plowing — there are two good farms un-
derneath the worn one. There are two good farms upon
which the sun has never shone, which have never been
brought to light and life by the influence of the frost,
air and sunshine.

Deeper plowing, subsoiling and tile drainage, aided
by the splendid influences of the clover and pea crops,
will bring up these two idle farms to the surface, or will
bring up their hidden stores of plant food and make
these stores available, instead of lying there dormant
as at the present time.

A few weeks ago we sent the Planter a short article
showing what one of our farmers had done on two acres
of land planted to early potatoes, followed by a crop
of turnips sowed with clover.

The showing was a good one, but a reader of the
Planter has sent us a statement still better. With your
|icrmission we will make a brief statement. We do this
fnr the encouragement of your readers who have small
farms and who wish to get the most out of them.

The gentleman referred to writes that in March last

1903]

THE SOUTHERN PLANTER.

243

year he planted two acres of Irish potatoes. In June,
before digging his potatoes, he planted corn between
the rows.

The last of June he dug one hundred and seventeen
barrels of marketable potatoes, then went on and culti-
vated the corn, which was making a very rapid growth.
When he finished working his corn in August he sowed
the land to clover and turnips. The turnips grew very
large, some of them being six inches or more in diame-
ter, making an enormous yield, which he failed to
measure.

In the fall the case stood like this. He had taken
from the two acres 117 barrels of fine potatoes, had 60
bushels of shelled com, $9 worth of fodder, also a
splendid crop of turnips, and the land was seeded to
clover with as splendid a stand as he ever saw. This
clover he expects to cut in May, 1903, and turn down
the stubble and prepare the ground for sweet potatoes.
Our correspondent stands readv to prove the truth-
fulness of all his statements, and it goes to show the
advantage of cultivating small areas of land and doing
it well, and we mention these matters for the en-
couragement of farmers in general, and for those in
particular who own small farms. We can but say to
them that if they will do their work thoroughly and
study the agricultural journals, especially the Southern
Planter, and be governed by its teachings, they will find
themselves making more money, and making themselves
more independent from ten acres of land than the West-
em farmers do off one hundred and sixty acres.

The whole of Eastern Virginia will some day be one
vast garden. It will all be farmed intensively; every
acre will be brought into subjection and put under
thorough cultivation.

If cows are kept, there will be two or three cows kept
to the acre. If sheep are kept, they will be kept just as
they are now on the high-priced lands in England, and
all farm work will be thorough, practical and intensive.
Why should not these things be done? The soil and
climate permits and encourages it, and the markets are
at our doors, and all things combine to demand that
man shall do as much for himself here as nature has
done for him.

The man above mentioned, who raised 117 barrels
of fine potatoes, 60 bushels of shelled com, $9 worth of
fodder, and so many turnips that he could not meas-
ure them, from two acres of ground, and now has that
same two acres in a splendid stand of clover, has
demonstrated what can be done, what should be done,
and what will be done all over this fair section of ours
a few years hence, when the leaven of development and
improvement has permeated and penetrated the whole

May the shadow of the Planter never grow less and
may its influence ever broaden, deepen and expand
until the agricultural interests, especially of Eastern
Virginia, shall be thoroughly and properly developed.

Norfolh, Va. A. Jeffers.

POTASH.

Mr. Stubbs, of Gloucester county, wrote several arti-
cles in the "Planter" on the subject of "Potash," which,
together with my own experience, proved to me con-
eiusivelv that it does not pay to buy "potash. From
the way he wrote I had supposed that he was an
authority on the subject, and that his opinions de-
served consideration. I think Mr. Stubbs was so posi-
tive that he urged that agricultural papers should not
continue to advise its patrons to use potash m order
to benefit manufacturers at the expense of farmers.

I liave been greatly surprised that Mr. Stubbs expe-
rience has made so little impression. I think Mr.
Stubbs alluded to potash on "tobacco" principally. His
opinion, however, has made no impression, as all tobacco
fertilizers continue to come with a high per cent, of pot-
ash. All Mr. Stubbs' experiments were in Gloucester,
where the soil is supposed to be devoid of potash, whilst
our soil here has it sufficiently, according to Professor
]\Iassev and many others.

Experience has pretty conclusively shown here that
tobacco wants "phosphoric acid" and nothing else. Still
when farmers see agricultural papers urging use of
potash, especially on tobacco, they imagine that per-
haps their experience is wrong, and continue to buy it.

This is contradictory to all theory, and as Mr.
Stubbs says, he imagined that of all plants tobacco
stood more in need of potash.

I think I've heard that Mr. Stubbs is not only a
practical farmer, but also a scientific man. I should
imagine that his opinions ought to have a great weight.

J. S. Wood.

Albemarle Co., Va.

Dr. Stubbs. who is a most able and scientific chemist,
and director of the Louisiana Experiment Station, is
also a farmer in Gloucester county, Va., where he owns
the old ancestral home of his family. This plantation
is managed under his direction by his nephew, who has
had a scientific education. In the course of experiments
which he conducts regularly every year on his Virginia
farm in a scientific manner, he has arrived at the con-
clusion that potash is little needed, even on the Eastern
lands of this State, except it may be for tobacco, Irish
potatoes and some vegetable crops. ' On the middle and
Western lands he does not think it at all necessary
except for these special crops. His opinion ought to
have weight as he is a most careful experimenter and
has had a long experience both theoretical and prac-
tical.— Ed.

244

THE SOUTHERN PLANTER.

[April

SOWING CRIMSON CLOVER SEED.

Editor Southern Planter:

For years I have been sowing crimson clover, both to
turn in and for grazing. As a fertilizer it is estimated
to be worth about $10 per acre. It gives better spring
grazing, while it lasts, than any grass we have. The
seed ranges in price from $2.50 to $4 per bushel, and up
to a year or two ago I had great trouble in getting "a
stand."

I determined, if it could be done, to save my own
seed. I wrote to the Aultman-Taylor people for prices
on clover-hulling machinery, and found it cost too much
for a small quantity — $500 to $800 — so I concluded
I would cut it with my mowing machine, rake in wind
rows when the dew was on, and then beat out as you
would black field peas or oats, when only small quanti-
ties (of oats) are needed.

It was more than a success. I not only got more
seed than I needed, but seed that cost me but little, and
which would always germinate. Since then (about three
or four years ago) I have never had to buy any seed.
This season I cut less than two acres and I secured
enough seed to sow over forty, and I have beautiful
stands wherever sown. I will be more than glad to give
further information about this to anyone interested.

Several of my friends are now sowing their seed with
the same results I have mentioned. The seed will be no
trouble to sow, though they are in the husk and look
like Orchard grass. A man can sow a drift of five or
six feet. It cost me less than $5 to save the seed. So
on forty acres at 75 cents an acre (one peck at $3 per
bushel, the present price) I save $25, and, what is best
of all, get perfect results.

Isle of Wight Co., Va. C. F. Day.

FERTILITY WITHOUT HUMUS.

Editor Southern Planter:

It is usually taken for granted by farmers that com-
mon clay contains no plant food. They think the latter
exists only in humus or decayed vegetable matter. Such
an impression comes from the fact that in worn-out
land the humus has disappeared and nothing but clay
remains.

It is true that little plant food that is available exists
in such clay, for the nutrient element has been
weathered out, or carried away in crops. There is plant
food still remaining, hwever, but it is not in a chemical
condition suitable for absorption by the plant.

That plant food exists abundantly in clay that has
not been exhausted, we have many proofs. Near my
place there is a fill in the public road, the dirt for which
was taken from a red clay hill that contained no humus
whatever. Yet the sides of that fill now sustain a vigor-
ous growth of blackberry briers. The briers must

obtain their plant food from the clay, the elements of
wliich have been made soluble by the incidental manipu-
lation and exposure to the weather.

In a similar manner I have seen peach trees growing
on the sides of railway embankments where it did not
seem at all probable that there could have been any
humus. At least it could not have existed in sufficient
quantities to have produced the observed result.

A few years after the siege at Knoxville, during the
Civil War, I noticed rank vegetation growing on the
mounds of clay thrown up from the rifle-pits on the
picket line. Poke stalks were especially vigorous. In
this case it may be argued that the superimposed layer
of clay was so thin that the roots of the large plants
penetrated to the original surface and fed on the humus
there found, but this would not seem to account for the
growth being more vigorous than on the adjacent sur-
face where there was no superimposed clay.

I have also noticed a decided improvement in crops
where clay has washed down upon low land at the foot
of a hill. In all the cases mentioned, the clay must,
of course, have sufficient length of exposure to the
action of air, rain and frost. If a lot of raw clay should
be turned up in the spring, and at once planted, the
result would prove disastrous.

Still another evidence that humus is not essential to
fertility is furnished by irrigated lands in arid dis-
tricts. There has been no opportunity for vegetable
mold to accumulate on these lands, and yet they are
exceedingly productive. The plant food lies in abund-
ance near the surface because there have been no rains
to wash it away, nor has it been exhausted by crops.

I do not set forth these facts as newly discovered, but
as overlooked by the general farmer. The exhaustion
of our fields is, perhaps, as much a result of shallow
and imperfect cultivation as of a loss of humus. In
fact, it has been claimed that deep and thorough cul-
tivation will make humus. It may be better to say that
it will preserve humus and make plant food more avail-
able. We certainly may say that the better the cultiva-
tion the less need for a fertilizer and the more it effects.
To use an expensive fertilizer on poorly cultivated lands
is anything but a paying business.

Knox Co., Tenn. K. N. Crast.

Whilst it is undoubtedly true that most clays are
rich in plant food, yet it is equally true that unless these
clays become filled with humus they cannot be kept in
a condition in which plants can utilize that food. In
hot dry weather they bake into bricks, whilst in wet
weather they become puddles. Neither conditions are
conductive to plant growth. The presence of humus
prevents both these conditions and makes clay soils some
of the most productive soils in the world. A clay soil
devoid of humus can never be kept in a productive con-
dition by cultivation alone, as it practically becomes im-
possible to work in either very dry or wet weather. —
Ed.

Mention the Planter to vour friends.

1903.]

THE SOUTHERN PLANTER.

245

inPROVINQ nOUNTAIN LAND PASTURES.

Editor Southern Planter:

I take pleasure in describing the value of our moun-
tain lands. As my father owns several thousand acres,
I have had some experience in the management of the
same. In regard to Mr. Reynolds' letter, will say that
we have lands at an altitude between 3,500 and 5,000
feet, and we think that these lands make the finest pas-
tures in the South.

The land is very black and deep, with very rich soil,
composed of rotten vegetable matter, which grows a very
heavy growth of wild weeds or rattle weeds. In order
to get a good stand of grass the land should be culti-
vated one year, or sow the grass seed (Orchard, Herds
and Blue grass) the same year in the corn. This land
will make 40 bushels of corn to the acre, and the pas-
tures will last from 30 to 50 j'ears. Mr. W. D.
McCracken, of Crabtree, N. C, keeps his short horns on
his pastures until Christmas in good condition.

As the land is cold it should be free from shade or
trees. The grass is very tender from early spring until
very cold weather. The land will keep one short horn
three years old on every two acres for several months.
The sod will be equal to any lawn or bottom land hay
field, and after a good stand of grass will get better
without renewal almost to the end of time.

A very economical way of setting mountain lands is
to clean up the undergrowth, deaden all standing trees,
sow seed March 1st, then keep enough calves (year olds)
on same to keep the weeds down, and then the grass
will spread to a solid sod.

Our mountain land will make cattle fatter than any
other land in pasture, but will not grow them as large
on account of the lack of lime in our soil. And as to
finishing cattle, I am sure that yoxi cannot find a soil
that will equal ours in West North Carolina.

Mr. R. E. Osborne, of Waynesville, N. C, finished
cattle on his mountain pastures, making a gain aver-
aging 437 lbs. per head in one season.

Haywood Co., N. C. Alden Howell, Jr.

COAL ASHES.

Editor Southern Planter:

Seeing an item in the Planter some time ago stating
that there was no fertilizing value in coal ashes, and
recently several articles relating to the cause and pre-
vention of potato scab, will give you a little of my expe-
rience in Pennsylvania. Some years ago I had a piece
of land cleaned off and had it broken up for Irish pota-
toes. The land had been a sugar bush timbered with
sugar maple, therefore, I considered it plenty rich

enough without manure, but when I planted I put a
pretty good sprinkling of coal ashes right on the pota-
toes in the furrows of part of the lot, then covered as
usual. When I dug them in the fall the part that had
the coal ash application had considerably larger and
nicer tubors and they were entirely free from sc&b. I
have since used coal ashes occasionally, and I always
found nice clean tubers where so treated, and this leads
me to believe that there is some fertility in coal ashes,
and that they might be used to advantage as a preven-
tive of potash scab.
Goochland Co., Va.

It is possible that ashes may be a preventive of scab,
though we know of no chemical reason why they should
so act, but certainly they have no value as a fertilizer as
they contain no plant food. — Ed.

KILLING STUMPS— LICE ON HOQS.

Editor Southern Planter:

I noticed in the March issue of the Planter a query
by L. C. A., who wished to know a simple and cheap
way to kill stumps, such as gum and poplar. Having
received so much valuable information through the
Planter I can, and will, furnish the desired informa-
tion:

With a hoe pull away the dirt around the stump till
the roots nearest the surface are exposed. The dirt must
be pulled away about 13 or 15 inches from the stump,
then place dry brush around the stump and burn till
the exposed roots are well heated, and the stump will
surely die, never putting out another sprout. I clear
some land every year, and all stumps too large to take
up with a hoe I kill in this way. I have killed many
stumps with an armful of corn stalks applied in the
above way. I think kerosene oil would do as well,
though the brush or corn stalks is cheaper and avail-
able. If the stumps have no roots near the surface
dig around the stump about 8 inches deep and bum as
above directed. While I am writing I will give a
remedy to rid hogs of lice. Take a small wooden pad-
dle and dip in gas tar and apply to the hog where the
nits are most found, say on both sides of the neck
and hams. If the first application does not suffice make
the second in a week or ten days, and it will utterly
exterminate the lice. This can be done while the hogs
are eating slop, which saves the trouble of catching
and holding them. M. C. Hawkes.

Nottoway Co., Va.

Mention the Planter when corresponding with adver-
tisers.

246

THE SOUTHERN PLANTER.

[April

ENQUIRER'S COLUMN.

Enqturiee should be sent to the office of The Southern PUaUer
Richmond, Va., not later than the 15th of the month, for re
plies to appear in the next month's issue of the Planter.

Soia Beans.

I should be greatly obliged for the experience,
through the columns of the Southern Planter, of any
of your patrons as to the growing, cultivation, etc., of
Soja beans in connection with ensilage corn for ensiling
together. Also as to the growing, harvesting, thresh-
ing and feeding of Soja beans as a grain crop for grind-
ing into meal to take the place of cottonseed meal,
bran, etc., and as a forage crop to be made into hay.

Shenandoah Co., Va. W. H. Newman.

In this issue you will find an article dealing with
Soy beans as a fodder crop. In last month's issue you
will also find an article, "All flesh is grass," recom-
mending them. They can also be grown with corn for
the silo, but we prefer to grow them alone and then
cut and fill into the silo with the corn load for load.
This makes excellent silage, and you get a much heavier
yield per acre than when grown together with the com.
When grown for the grain alone they should be planted
in drills 2 feet apart and 10 inches apart in the row
and be allowed to stand until the pods begin to turn
yellow, but not until they are ripe, or they will shell
out badly. Then cut and bind in bundles and set up
in shocks like wheat until cured thoroughly. They
may then be thrashed out with the separator, taking
out the whole or part of the concaves and running the
machine slowly. They should not be put in large
bulk until thoroughly dry, as they heat quickly. We
shall have more to say about this crop when writing
on forage crops in our next issue. — Ed.

Corn Fertilizer — Composition of Fertilizers.

I have a field that has been pastured for several years
which I propose to plant in corn. Will it pay me to
use commercial fertilizer? If so, what? When and
how should it be applied?

I am offered a fertilizer said to contain 4 per cent,
potash, 10 per cent, phosphate and 86 per cent?

Now, can't I get this 80 lbs. potash and 200 lbs.
phosphate and use them without hauling and handling
1,720 lbs. sand, or whatever it may be? If so, where
can I get them, and how and when apply ?

What and how much should I use for cow-peas, and
when and how apply ? Also for Irish potatoes.

Henrico Co., Va. "W."

In this issue you will find in an article on '*Work
for the Month" our views on com fertilizing. Phos-
phorus, the element from which phosphoric acid is
obtained, is Qnavailable for use as a fertilizer. It is

so highly combustible that on exposure to the air it
bursts into flame and has to be kept under water to
preserve it for use in scientific experiments. Phos-
phoric acid for use as a fertilizer is always in some
combination; most generally as a phosphate of lime,
as in bone and South Carolina rock. In this combina-
tion it is largely in an unavailable form or only slowly
available. To render it available the rock or bone ia
treated with about an equal quantity of sulphuric acid.
When the acid is mixed with the rock or bone it com-
bines with two-thirds of the lime, forming sulphate
of lime (plaster), and leaving the phosphoric acid pre-
viously united with all the lime united with one-third
of the lime as mono-phosphate of lime. This mono-
phosphate is then in a condition to give up its phos-
phoric acid to the crop, the same being in that form
soluble in water. The buyer of a ton of acid phos-
phate, analyzing 10 per cent, phosphoric acid, does not
therefore haul and handle sand or useless material to
the extent of 1,500 lbs. to the ton, but 800 lbs. of
phosphate of lime containing 200 lbs. of available phos-
phoric acid and 1,200 lbs. of sulphate of lime (plaster),
which in itself is available as a fertilizer. In no other
form can you get phosphoric acid for use as a fertilizer
than as a phosphate of lime. In the case of potash —
this is a natural mineral production brought into this
country from German)'. In the mines it exists in com-
bination with other salts and minerals. Kainit is the
form in which it is most largely combined with other
elements. Kainit analyses usually only 12 per cent,
of potash and the other 88 per cent, is largely chloride
of sodium (common salt). In the form of muriate of
potash there is usually about 45 to 50 per cent, of pot-
ash, and the other 50 per cent, is made up of other
salts and acids. In buying muriate of potash or sul-
phate of potash, which is even purer than muriate, you
will get the least admixture of any other element in
any form of potash, and therefore have less to haul
and handle to get the same quantity of pure potash.
You can get the 80 lbs. of potash you mention in
something less than 200 lbs. of muriate of potash and
the 200 lbs. of phosphoric acid in 1,500 lbs. of 14 per
cent, acid phosphate.

For cow-peas apply from 250 to 350 lbs. to the acre
of acid phosphate. For Irish potatoes a good fer-
tilizer may be made up of 300 lbs. nitrate of soda, 600
lbs. cotton seed meal, 800 lbs. acid phosphate, 300 lbs.
muriate of potash to make a ton. Use from 400 to
1,000 lbs. to the acre.— Ed.

When corresponding with advertisers mention the
Planter.

1903.1

THE SOU I HERN PLANTER.

247

Sorghum and Millet — Plowing for Wheat.

I want to know how will sorghum and millet do to
sow for feed for stock. Will they mature together? If
so, how much to the acre, and when to sow it, and at
what stage to cut it. I also want to know about break-
ing land for wheat at this time of the year and then let
it lay till July, as I can plow then with less rain.
By plowing now is it against the land or not ? I have
about forty acres of old Held that has been cleared
of pine and stumps and has been run for years
and is too thin for clover, and as labor cannot be had
it is left to lay. I don't want it to grow up again in
brush. I broke part of my land last spring at idle
times, and if I had not done so then it would not have
been in wheat to-day, as it was so dry. I could plow
where I broke in the spring when I could not crack the
other land. I never had a finer looking wheat crop
at this time of the year.

Ouildford Co., N. C. D. B. Smith.

Sow the sorghum and millet separately, as they will
not mature together. Millet and peas and sorghum and
peas make good hay when grown together. Break the
land for wheat as soon as convenient, and keep work-
ing it during the summer and up to within a short
time of seceding, and you will make a wheat crop. — Ed.

Qras5 for Name.

I send you to-day under separate cover a sample of
grass that seems to grow vigorously in a piece of low
land I have. Will you please give me the name of the
grass? I would like to put the land in it for a per-
manent pasture. It stays green nearly all the winter
and can't be killed easily.

Princess Anne Co., Va. . . Thos. S. Land.

It is impossible for us to name a grass from a small
sample of the first spring growth. We must have the
seed stalk with the seed head on it and the root. If
you will send us these later, we will endeavor to help
you. — Ed.

Blight on Apple Trees.

Some of my young apple trees are affected with what
I call blight. The ends of some of the twigs are dead.
You will find some twigs enclosed. Will you kindly
tell me in the next issue of the Planter what kind of
insects are on them, and if they are very injurious?
Also suggest a remedy ; and oblige a subscriber.

Accomac Co., Va. Lee R. Phillips.

The dead twigs have suffered from twig blight, a
disease of the same nature as that called "fire blight"
in pears. It is a bacterial disease for which no remedy
has yet been found except to cut out the dead twigs
below the point to which the disease has run. The
apple being much more resistant to the disease than

the pear, it does not often cause more than temporary
injury. Spray the trees with Bordeaux Mixture as ad-
vised in our Spray calendar published in last month's
issue. — Ed.

Corn Fertilizzr.

In next issue of your excellent paper kindly tell what
a good fertilizer for corn should contain, and how much
per acre should be applied (broadcast) on land from
which a medium crop of clover hay was cut last sea-
son. This land will produce 30 or 25 bushels corn per
acre without the use of any fertilizer, if season is good.

Northuinherland Co., Va. Subscriber.

See our article, "Work for the Month," in this issue —
Ed.

Seeding Crimson Clover and Vetch.

Will you please tell me if I can put in vetch and crim-
son clover seed with peas, say in July, and get a stand
of the vetch and clover, or will the peas shade it to
death ? I expect to mow the peas off for hay in the fall.

Iredell Co., N. C. 0. E. Shook.

We have known crimson clover to be seeded with peas
in July and August, and to make a stand, but it is a risky
proceeding, as if the peas are at all a heavy crop they
will smother the clover. It is too early to sow vetch ia
July. This crop can well be seeded after the peas are
cut for liay, and unless the peas be cut very late the
crimson clover can also be then seeded, though not with
quite as good a chance of success as if seeded in Au-
gust.— Ed.

Cut Worms and Tomatoes— Fertilizer for Toma-
toes— Qrubs in the Backs of Cattle.

I have been troubled with worms cutting off my
tomato plants as soon as they are set out ; what is a pre-
ventative? How much fertilizer must I use to insure
a good crop of tomatoes on land which will produce
from 5 to 6 barrels of corn per acre? Is it proper to
remove the so-called "wolves" from the backs of cattle
or let nature pursue its course in expelling them?
Which do you consider the better method of cultivating
corn, flat or in beds, and what the best implement to use
in working it?

Westmoreland Co., Va. F. E. Omohundeo.

Previous to setting out the tomato plants, and when
the field is clear of vegetation of any kind, mix Paris
green with bran moistened so that it will stick together
in balls. A little molasses mixed with it will help it to
stick and make it more attractive to the worms. Drop
the balls at intervals over the field. The worms will
find them and be poisoned. Or dip bimehes of green
clover in Paris green mixed in water, and drop these at
intervals over the field. In this issue you will find an
article dealing with the tomato crop in which you will

248

THE SOU'lHERN PLANTER.

[April

find our views on this fertilizer best suited to meet the
needs of the crop. These so called "wolves" are one
stage in the life history of a fly which troubles cattle
when flying about. They should be squeezed out of the
hole, which will be found at the top of each cell, and be
killed, and thus lessen the number of pests for another
year. — Ed.

Johnson Grass.

Professor Massey strongly condemns Johnson grass
and sustains his argument with the experiences of farm-
ers residing in the cotton and sugar regions. Do you
know any farmer residing north of Richmond, Va., who
has experimented with this grass? Bulletin No. 11, on
Johnson grass, of the United States Department of Ag
riculture, throws no light on this inquiry, for the inves-
tigations of its author, Mr. E. E. Ball, were confined
to the States of Alabama, Louisiana, and Texas, and is
therefore of no more weight for us farmers in Northern
Virginia than bulletins devoted to cotton and sugar.
We need a permanent pasturage grass, which will be to
our lands what Blue grass is to my old home limestune
farm in Ohio.

Can you aid to that end? R S. Lacet.

Alexandria Co., Ta.

We have heard of several farmers to the north of
this city who have tried Johnson grass and are satis-
fied with it. It makes a good growth, and, cut early
enough, makes good hay. It is valuable as a pasture,
but should not be grazed too closely. It may be killed
out by close grazing in this State and by exposing the
roots to the winter's frost. Bermuda grass makes the
best summer pasture of any grass we know of for the
eastern and middle sections of this State, and Virginia
Blue grass (Poa compressa) for the other sections. — Ed.

Failure of Soil to Grow Crops— Insects in Seed.

Please advise me in your next issue about the follow-
ing:

1. I have a piece of land which I think is very rich
and light, with cla;v subsoil, which makes a fine yield
of col lards, corn and snaps, but turnips and salad don't
do so well. Salad comes very readily, but is a light,
delicate green, and in spring after having been through
the bad weather, it puts out very small, but with a very
good flavor.

2. I used a piece of land for tomatoes which is very
light and rich, with a slight sprinkling of clay and with
clay subsoil, and after seeing that they did not make
the yield they ought to do, as the vines grew fast
enough, I tried nitrate of soda, a small quantity, and in
a short while the vines became yellow, and showed signs
of dying. This I do not attribute to the soda, as the
same land did so on previous occasions. It brings snaps,
butter beans, etc. I depend on stock manure, but tried
the crops without manure, as I thought the land was

in prime condition, having been manured for previous
crops.

3. I kept snaps in hulls in a bag in a dry place for
seed, but on looking over my seed the other day I dis-
covered that they were full of insects. What must I do
to get rid of these ?

Chesterfield Co., Va. A Subscriber.

1. The failure of the land to grow turnips and salad
would indicate that it is lacking in nitrogen and potash.
We would apply 100 lbs. of muriate of potash and 100
lbs. of nitrate of soda and 500 lbs. of cotton seed meal
to the acre.

2. We tliink if you had applied 100 or 150 lbs. of
nitrate of soda to the acre on the tomato field that it
would have had a good effect, that is, assuming the land
to be as well supplied with fertility, as you suggest. It
may be that this land also lacks potash as well as nitro-
gen. It would be well to test this by applying muriate
of potash to some part of it.

3. Put the seed snaps into a box and place a saucer
full of bisulphide of carbon on the top of them and
close up tightly, and this will destroy all insect life in
them. Be careful to keep lights away from the bisul-
phide, as it is very explosive. — Ed.

Top-Dressing for Meadow — Fertilizer for Young:
Apple Trees

1. What makes the best top dressing for meadow?
Would you harrow after making application?

2. What is the best fertilizer for young apple trees?
Patrick Co., Ya. R. S. Martin.

1. In our last issue in our article on "Work for the
Month" you will find particulars of the fertilizer used
by Mr. Clark in his most successful grass growing
experiments. The fertilizers he uses we can endorse as
being suitable. The quantity per acre we should much
reduce, say to one-half, unless the land had been as per-
fectly prepared as Mr. Clark's. In a series of experi-
ments made at the Rhode Island Experiment Station,
three plots of grass land have been tested with difl'erent
top dressings for the last four years, with the following
results: On each of the plots 130 lbs. of phosphoric acid
per acre supplied by 807 lbs. of acid phosphate has been
applied in each year. In 1899 and 1900 180 lbs. of
muriate of potash was applied to each plot. In 1901
and 1902 200 and 300 lbs. of muriate of potash were
applied, respectively. On plot 17 no nitrate of soda was
applied, on plot 19 130 lbs. of nitrate of soda was applied
per year, and on plot 21 414 lbs. of nitrate of soda was
applied per year. The following are yields of field cured
hay harvested in 1902 from these three plots thus top
dressed :

1903.J

THE SOUTHERN PLANTER.

249

Plot 17, without nitrate of soda, but

with the phosphoric acid and pot-
ash mentioned above 2,950 lbs. per acre.

Plot 19, with 138 lbs. nitrate of soda

and the acid and potash mentioned

above 4,850 lbs. per acre.

Plot 21, with 41-1 lbs. nitrate of soda

and the acid and potash mentioned

above 8,200 lbs. per acre.

2. For the young orchard apply 250 lbs. of acid phos-
phate and 150 lbs. muriate of potash per acre, and sow
cow-peas to plow down in the fall and then follow with
crimson clover or vetches for a winter cover — Ed.

Lame Horse.

I want some information about curbs on horses. My
horse has a knot on both liind legs just below the knee
joint. Can you recommend anything to cure same?

Brunswick Co., Va. C. I. Mitchell.

Firing is the best remedy for a long standing curb,
and even this is not always effectual. The animal
should have rest, and high-heeled shoes should be ap-
plied.— Ed.

Cow-Peas and Oats — Cow-Peas and Corn — Killing
Persimmons.

We of this section know but little about raising cow
peas for hay or forage, and I am going to ask for some
information along that line. How would it do to sow
peas, corn, and oats together about the 10th of May,
to cut for hay when peas are ready, and, if advisable,
how much of each should be sown ? Expect to put them
in with a wheat drill and use small amount of fertilizer.
Would you advise planting peas in the hill with com,
where corn is to be ciit by hand?

You can say to your inquirer who wants to know
how to get rid of his persimmon bushes that if he will
cut them off even with the top of the ground during
the months of January or February he will find it a
sure way to get rid of them. This is best done when
the ground is frozen, and it is claimed to be more suc-
cessful if done at that time. This plan acts equally
well with all other kinds of bushes.

Fauquier Co., Va. W. L. Eichaeds.

Cow peas and corn may be sovm together in May, but
we do not think that oats sown with them will be likely
to make much growth. We think sorghum seeded with
peas make a better hay than com. If put in with a
drill, half a bushels of peas and a peek of sorghum will
be sufficient. If com is planted with the peas, a peck
will be sufficient. The practice of planting cow peas in
the hill with corn is being largely practiced in some sec-
tions, and with good results. They are so planted even
when the corn is to be cut with a machine. For filling
the silo, this makes a most valuable crop, as the result is

a much better balanced ration for stock. For a fodder
crop, they are excellent. Our Northern Virginia farm-
ers should give more attention to cow peas and other
forage crops. There is profit in growing them. The
quicker maturing varieties of peas should be planted. —
Ed.

Lime — Nitrate of Soda — Potash.

. 1. How can we farmers get stone lime?

2. How apply it? How much to an acre?

3. Is it cheaper to buy stone lime by the barrel at 80
cents a barrel, or shell lime slacked at 6 cents a bushels ?

4. How do we get nitrate of soda and muriate of
potash ?

Chesterfield Co., Va. An Old Subscbibeh.

'l. You will find stone lime advertised in The Planter
by Eeeves Catt. Write him for quotations delivered
at your depot. He will, we think, give you a much bet-
ter price than you name.

2. Apply from 15 to 25 bushels to the acre in the
fall or early winter. Set the lime on the field in the
stone in small lumps of less than half a bushel each.
Throw half a bucket of water on each lump and then
spread broadcast with a shovel.

3. We prefer the stone lime to the shell lime. A
bushel of stone lime should slack out to 3 bushels.

4. You will find nitrate of soda and muriate of pot-
ash advertised in The Planter by E. Mortimer & Co.,
New York. — Ed.

Value of Milk Cows.

I have two graded milk cows that eat the same
amount of food. One of them gives me 6 gallons of
milk and 3^ lbs. butter per day. It is firm, but white.
The other cow gives me 5 gallons of milk and 2^ lbs.
butter that is as yellow as gold. Which one is worth
the most on the market or to breed from? Also state
what you think they are worth, at a reasonable price.

J. 6. Andhews.

The one giving the most milk and making the most
butter is the more valuable cow either to sell or breed
from. The want of color in the butter can easily be
remedied by a little butter coloring added to the cream
before churning. We have used a little annato or the
coloring matter from a good red carrot for this pur-
pose. We could not undertake to place a value on cows
we have never seen. — Ed.

Wood Ashes,

I would like to know the constituent quantities of
wood ashes.

Berkley Co., S. C James Joyneh.

A good sample of hardwood ashes (unleached) will
analyze 5.25 per cent, potash, 34 per cent, lime, with a
small percentage of phosphoric acid. — Ed.

250

THE Southern planter.

[April

Trucking, Garden and Orchard.

WORK FOR THE MONTH.

The remarkable burst of >i)riiig weather which has
distinguished the month of Marcli has set all vegeta-
tion to growing, and is going to make the months of
April and :May very busy ones in the garden and truck
fields, as all the earliest crops now press for attention.
Do not, however, be in too great haste to plow or work
land, but wait until it is dry enough to crumble as it
falls from the plow, and then it will warm up quickly
and work freely all through the season, and clods will
be conspicuous by their absence. Continue the work of
getting out manure on to the land and apply with it the
acid phosphate and potash which you intend to use, and
then work the whole tiioroughly into the land. These
mineral fertilizers require time to become available, and
they are so essential to the suec-essful growth of vege-
tables that their use is to be encouraged by all truckers
and gardeners. Before planting any crops lay out a
plan of the garden, and so apportion the land as that you
may be able to have a continuous sujiply of vegetables
for the table all through the season until frost cuts them
off. Work the land as finely as possible, and then lay
off the rows so that cultivation may be done by horse
labor. Where this is not done, crops are frequently lost
from lack of time to give the necessary hand labor to the
work.

Irish potatoes and English peas, not already planted,
should be gotten in at once, and those planted should be
encouraged to grow by cultivation. Whilst the weather
is so genial as to encourage the planting of full crops it
should be borne in mind that it is yet too early for us
to feel safe from frost, and, therefore, it will be wise
not to put into the ground more than a small part of
the crop except in those sections near the coast, where
frost rarely does much injury after this time. The
end of the month and the first half of May is soon
enough to put in the full crop. Salads, lettuce, radishes,
onions and successional crops of English peas may be
sown. Onion sets may be planted and cabbage plants
be set out if well hardened.

Fall planted cabbages should be encouraged to grow
bv cultivation .and after they have made a good start
a top dressing of 100 lbs. of nitrate of soda to the
acre will help them greatly.

The seed of tomatoes, egg plant and peppers should
be sown in gentle hot beds in frames, and as the plants
become large enough to handle they should be trans-
planted into cold frames or where they can be protected

by canvas or mats at night and during the cold season.
Sweet potatoes may be bedded in the hot beds to pro-
vide l)lants for setting out in ilay. In our last issue
will be found instructions for making a hot bed.

Strawljerry beds should be worked out and the plant-
i>e encoxiraged to grow. If not looking thrifty a top
dressing of nitrate of soda, 100 lbs. to the acre, should
be applied. After working the beds and ^op dressing,
api>ly between the rows a mulch of pine tags or trash,
free from weed seed of any kind, to keep the l)erries
clean.

See that attention is given to the spraying of the
orchard, vineyard and small fruit plantation. In our
last issue will be foimd a spray calendar, giving full
instructions on this subject.

Clean up all trash from the lawn and flower garden
and dig up the flower beds and give them a dressing of
good, rich manure. Plants that have been kept in the
house or in pits during the •winter should now be exposed
to the air on every fine day, and thus be hardened so
that they may be ready to plant out in the beds next
month. Send to the seedsman for a copy of his cata-
logue, and make a selection of hardy flower seeds and
plants. For a dollar or two enough can be bought to
make a good sized garden gay with bloom all summer.
Strive in this way to make the home beautiful and
attractive. It will do more to keep the young people in
the countrj- than much advice. Imbue in them a love
of nature and of nature's productions, and they will
long more every day to spend their lives with these sur-
roundings.

TOMATO QROWINQ.

During the past two years there has l>ecn a great de-
velopment of the canning industry in Marj-land and
part of this State, and this seems likely to be still ftir-
ther developed this year. The result is that there is
demand for information as to the raising of the
tomato crop. For canning purposes the crop raised is
the medium and late crop. The early crop is
grown mainly to supply the markets with tomatoes for
the table. The soil best adapted for the crop is a well
drained, sandy loam, though it is not so essential that
this should be the character of the soil where the crop
is not required to be early. One having greater natural
fertility and a stronger consistency will grow the crop

1903. J

THE SOUTHERN PLANTER.

251

equally well, and produce more fruit if well drained and
finely prepared. It should be free from weeds, and
•deeply and thoroughly broken and fined. The fertiliza-
tion of the land may be either with farm yard manure
or partly manure and partly commercial fertilizer, or
solely with commercial fertilizer. If farm yard manure
alone is used it ought to have been gotten on the land
in the winter and be thoroughly worked in previous to
planting, and a good shovelful of the best manure should
be placed in each hill at the time of planting. Where
manure and fertilizers are both used they are usually
applied in the hill at the time of planting. This is gen-
erally the most successful way. Where fertilizers only
are used they should be applied part on the hill at the
time of planting and part during the growth of the crop.
The tomato is a plant that responds well to heavy
manuring and fertilization. Experiments made at the
!N^ew Jersey Station show that nitrate of soda is one of
the best nitrogenous fertilizers for this crop, and that its
used in small quantities, 160 lbs. per acre in one appli-
cation, or in large quantities, 320 lbs. per acre in two
applications increased the yield materially. Where the
soil is poor naturally in plant food a fertilizer made up
of 600 lbs. of acid phosphate, 300 lbs of muriate of
potash and 500 lbs. of tankage or cotton seed meal
should be applied at the rate of 500 lbs. to the acre pre-
vious to setting out the plants and be well mixed in the
soil. Then at the time of setting out the plants apply
100 lbs to the acre of nitrate of soda. This should be
spread in small quantities around the hills, but not bo
allowed to touch the plants. Where nitrate of soda is
used along with manixre the manure should be applied
in the hill, or be mixed with the soil, and the nitrate of
soda be applied on the hills after setting out the plants.
Acid phosphate and potash can be used with advantage
along with manure, and should be worked with the soil.
The plants should be set from 4 to 4^ feet apart each
way, and should be sturdy, stocky plants, which should
have been transplanted once or twice from the hot bed
before being set out in the field. The seed for raising
the plants should be sowed in a gentle hot bed in March
or April, and the young plants should be transplanted as
soon as they can be handled into a cold frame or on to
beds where they can be protected with canvas or mat>
at' night or in case of a cold season. Do not force the
growth so as to make the plants spindling, but aim to
use stout, stocky plants. When setting them out in the
hills plant somewhat deeper than they stood in the plant
beds, and this will increase the root growth. Cultiva-
tion should begin as soon as the plants are set out, so
as to lighten and freshen the soil, which will have been
tramped down in the .setting. Cultivate deep the first

time, and afterwards shallow so as not to disturb the
roots. Frequent cultivation is desirable to encourage
rapid growth. The variety to be planted for canning
purposes is very much a matter of local adaptability.
The Stone, Paragon, Trophy and Perfection are good
and reliable sorts. The yield per acre will vary from
5 to 10 tons, -and sometimes goes as high as 20 tons.
About 8 tons is considered an average crop in canning
sections.

NOTES ON VARIETIES OF APPLES AT THE
AGRICULTURAL EXPERIHENT STATION,
BLACKSBURO. VA.

[EXCBRPT FROM BULLETIN 130.]

[Continued from March number, 1903.]

YorTc Imperial (Johnson's Fine Winter;. — This is
one of the best known of Virginia standard orchard
fruits. It originated in Pennsylvania. The tree is a
very vigorous grower, forming a rounded head, fairly
compact, of excellent shape ; trunk 30 inches in cir-
cumference at base, 27 inches at head The tree de-
velops in certain situations a giave weakness in re-
gard to blight and of recent years this has very
much damaged its standing as a commercial variety.
Thus far it has not been possible to determine whether
this peculiarity is more markedly developed on one
soil than another.

Here the firs: bloom was noted in 1893, and the first
fruit in 1897; that year the trees bore a very fair crop
of fruit for their size, of fine form, and free from dis-
ease ; in 1899, the crop was light ; in 1901, the crop
was lairly heavy, being an average of six bushels per
tree. The fruit was of fine character, about 70 per
cent, first class. This crop is not at all heavy for the
size of the trees, and in this characteristic the variety
does not at present compare well with the productive-
ness of Arkansas. The fruit of York Imperial, and
also the quality, do not require a description in this
State, but to our taste it is lower in quality than Ar-
kansas.

Whether this variety will continue to hold its place
as one of our chief market sorts, is a question which
must be considered in the gravest manner by growers,
and we suggest that observation in every community
ought in a measure guide planters. If it continues to
show serious trouble from the blight, other more hardy
varieties ought to take its place in the planting of
commercial orchards.

Grimes' Golden. — This is an old variety of Virginia
origin, and though well known as the standard of
quality of distinctly dessert apples in America, it is
not so commonly met with in our fruit plantations as
its worth warrants. Here the tree is a good grower,
quite healthy: forms an upright, moderately spread-
ing top with well grown wood. The trunk measures
28 inches at base and 26 inches at head in circum-
ference.

This variety bloomed first in 1893 and gave a few
fruits in 1895, and a fair crop in 1897 ana 1899 ; in
1901, the crop was much better, but was not measured.
The past season it bore a light crop of fruit, though it
was the off year. Up to the pieeent, though the trees

252

THE SOUTHERN PLANTER.

[April

are fine and large, they have never borne a heavy
crop of fruit. The fruit is medium to large, round,
oblong, a beautiful golden yellow color when ripe.
Quality as to spicineas and high flavor, unsurpassed.
No home orchard should be without this valuable
variety, and as grown here, it has every quality to
warrant its shipment to market as a fine grade of
boxed fruit.

Roxbury. — A famous old variety of Massachusetts
origin, but which is little grown at the South. The
tree is a robust grower, forming a low spreading head,
strikingly characteristic. The trunk measures 38
inches in ciicumference at base, and 22 at head. It
has been entirely healthy at this plac«, free from
blight and fangous diseases.

First bloom was noted in 1895, and first fruit in
1897; in 1)399, the trees bore a half bushel each, and in
1901. 2} bushels each. The fruit is of large size, round
ish, oblate, with a distinctly characteristic russet skin,
which plainly distinguishes it. In quality, it has a
peculiarly fine flavor and aroma all its own, and is un
surpassed in this regard by any other American va
riety. In this regard, the Southern grown fruit seems
to be superior to the Northern grown. We think that
especially in the high mountain situationi of Virginia,
this apple could be grown to perfection, and as it
keeps well in cold storage, it might prove a desirable
commercial sort.

Smolcehouse.— An oM variety of Pennsylvania origin,
and widely known as one of the finest autumn and
early and winter varieties, especially for dessert and
kitchen use. The tree is a vigorous grower, forming
a well-shaped, spreading head. The trunk ii 36 inches
in circumference at base, and 31 at head. It is prac
tically free from blight, and not overly susceptible to
fungous diseases.

First bloom was noted in 1893, and the first fruit in
1895; in 1897, the trees bore a full crop for their size,
but in 1899 and in 1901, the crop was very light — only
one bushel per tree. Thus far the tree is a shy bearer
in this situation. The fruit is roundish, oblate ; yel
low color, spotted with crimson. The quality is ex
cellent, and the fruit is fairly free from rot and scab.
This variety has excellent qualities for the amateur
and for the home orchard, but hardly to be com-
mended as a commercial variety. Season, eaily win
ter; here, autumn in all lower parts of Virginia.

dons. — Since issuing Bulletin 128, we have a con
siderable number of requests for Cions. So far as
possible each year we will furnish a limited number of
cuttings from the Station orchards to interested par
ties who are willing to bear the expense of preparing
and transpoi'tation of the same.

Wm. B. Alwood,

Dec. SO, 1902. Horticulturisl.

ORCHARD AND GARDEN NOTES.

Editor Southern Planter:

The farm garden is too frequently a source of vexa-
tion and annoyance to the farmer instead of pleasure
and profit. This owing to a bad location, poor
arrangement and an insecure fence, that permits fowls
to get into the grounds and scratch up the plants and
seeds. All these things can be easily prevented. See

to it that the garden fence is made secure at once.
It is too late this season to change the location or
arrangement. The rush of spring work is now on in
earnest, but the garden must not be neglected. If the
grounds are enclosed by a good fence, and the ro\^s of
vegetables and fruits are made straight across the gar-
den to permit of easy cultivation, many pleasant hours
of healthful exercise can now be spent in it. To watch
the flowers open and the plants grow after a spring
shower is a rare treat to all lovers of nature. Take
the boy into the garden and teach him how the different
blooms fertilize themselves — teach him the meaning of
color in flowers, why the most highly colored flowers
are the least fragrant, why the white flowers are usually
more fragrant, and why insects are attracted to flowers.
Nature offers to teach us a thousand lessons now if
we would only learn. All our work must not be for the
dollar. Our greatest efforts should be to make better
men and women. I never saw a good garden where an
uneducated and unhappy family lived. The garden tells
something about the family to the passer-by. What
does it tell about you ?

Plant some melons in the garden for the boy. If
he can invite some of his playmates to his home some
warm Sunday afternoon in August to help to eat a fine,
red, luscious watermelon, grown by his own hand, and
just from the cool spring, he will be more contented to
stay on the farm when grown up. Plant some Duke
Jones watermelon seed and Ideal or Rockyford can-
teloupe seed the last of this month. Use a shovel full of
well-rotted manure thoroughly mixed with the soil of
each hill before planting the seed.

Now is the time to do some top grafting in the orch-
ard. Nearly all orchards have some undesirable trees
iu them which may be made to bear good fruit by top
grafting. While this fact is often realized still the
grafting is usually put off and neglected in the great
rush of spring work.

Explain all the details of the operation to the bright
farm boy, and he will usually attend to it in time.
While teaching horticulture for ten years, I found no
subject so fascinating to the young man as that of how
to bud and graft. It was a marvelous thing to him to
learn that by grafting the tree with small pieces and
twigs from other trees that same tree could be made to
bear early apples, late apples, red apples, yellow apples,
&c. — infact, be a small orchard in itself.

When I was a boy it always appeared to me that the
nurseryman had a great secret in propagating and grow-
ing so many nice young trees. How he did it appeared

1903.

THE SOUTHERN PLANTER.

253

a great mystery, and was past finding out by other peo-
ple. I was never satisfied until I learned about this
secret, and found what the mystery was. It was inter-
-esting to me to learn that there were many other young
men who had the same desire. Just here let me state,
parenthetically, that most nurserymen do have certain
rules to follow in propagating particular kinds of fruit,
which rules they find from their own experience are
best. These particular rules are not published in the
books, and the nurseryman does keep them "a secret"
■as much as possible. These special rules are for the
professional nurseryman and not for the farmer.

The first thing in successful top grafting is to have
the scion, or piece of wood, you are to use in grafting,
more dormant than the tree upon which the grafting
is to be done, though grafting is successful sometimes
■after buds are swollen. I cut off the water sprouts that
are the size of a lead pencil before the buds swell and
bury them to hold them dormant till the buds on the
tree I want to graft on begin to open. We call these
sprouts, scions. Label them carefully. The next thing
is to have good grafting wax. This you can make your-
self.

Melt together in a kettle, 2^ lbs. of English rosin and
6 ounces of bees wax. Melt 9 ounces of tallow in another
vessel. Then stir them while mixing together. Let the
material partially cool and then work it like people do
the old-fashioned home-made candy or "tafEy." Use a
little oil on the hands to keep the wax from sticking.
You need a sharp, thin-bladed knife, and you are ready
for the work.

Limbs from one-half to one inch in diameter are
about the right size to cut off and graft into the stubs,
though much larger ones can be used. If so, insert a
graft on each side. Use a thin, sharp implement for
splitting the stub. Make the graft wedge-shaped to fit
into the cut nicely. The bark must not be bruised.
Now, the "great secret" in grafting is to make the inner
bark (cambium) of the graft fit up closely with the
inner bark of the tree or stock. When growth starts at
these places union will soon take place. Put on the wax
carefully to keep the water out, and the job is completed.
It is best not to cut off all the limbs on the tree at one
time, since one or two should be left to elaborate the sap
till the grafts grow up.

Later on I will have something to say about budding.

Let the boy start a small nursery in the garden and
plant peach seed, apple seed, plum seed and cherry seed
for grafting and budding stocks. Remember this when
ihe seeds ripen. Make cuttings of grape vines and
■quinces for setting out now. The quince cuttings will

make good stock upon which to bud pears. Of course,
this stock will make dwarf pear trees, just the right
kind for garden planting. Now is the time to make
them, though cuttings made in the fall do best. Cut
them about 13 inches long and plant them into the
ground in rows 3 feet apart, and 13 inches apart in the
row. Do not injure the bark on the end that goes into
the ground. Press the dirt firmly around the cuttings.

Plant some Haverland and Lady Thompson straw-
berries now in your garden for family use.

Montgomery Co., Va. R. H. Price.

SPRAYING PEACHES.

Professor M. B. Waite, the pathologist in charge of
Investigations of Diseases of Orchard Trees, suggests
that the following treatment should be given peaches :

First treatment before the buds swell, in addition to
copper sulphate, give for San Jose scale and curl leaf,
lime, sulphur, salt solution; second treatment, just be-
fore the flowers open, Bordeaux mixture, 6-4-50
formula; third treatment, when the fruit has set, weak
Bordeaux mixture, 3-9-50 formula; fourth treatment,
two weeks later, the same. Peach foliage is sensitive to
Bordeaux, even the 3-9-50 formula, which consists of 3
lbs. bluestone, 9 lbs, lime and 50 gallons water, being
somewhat injurious.

Tomato Blight and Rot.

Professor M. B. Waite suggests the following treat-
ment :

First application Bordeaux mixture on seedlings in
the seed bed when they first begin to form rough leaves ;
second application 5 to 7 days later, repeat ; third appli-
cation when they begin to grow and form new leaves in
the field; fourth, fifth and sixth at intervals of from
10 to 15 days.

Canteloupe Blight.

Professor M. B. White suggests the following treat-
ment:

First application Bordeaux mixture when the vines
begin to run; second, third, fourth and fifth repeat at
intervals of 10 days to two weeks, or in such a manner
as to cover the new leaves as rapidly as possible after
they are formed.

CORROSIVE SUBLiriATE FOR SCAB ON IRISH
POTATOES.

In our last issue in advising a remedy for the pre-
vention of scab on Irish potatoes the types make us say
a solution of 2 ounces of sublimate to 16 ounces of
water. What we did say was 2 ounces of sublimate to
16 gallons of water.

254

THE SOUTHERN PLANTER.

[April

EXPERIHENTS WITH INSECTICIDES ON IRISH
POTATOES.

Brci Death, Paius Gbei;,\', and Arsenate of Lead
Com PARED.

Three series of experiinonts were made during the
seat^on of 1902 with the pui-pose of comparing Bug
Death, Paris green and Arsenate of lead as insecticides
as measured by the readiness with which they kill the
potato beetle and particularly, the yield per acre. One
set of these experiments (5 plots) was made by the
Danforth Chemical Company at Caribou; another (12
plots) by the Maine Experiment Station at Houlton :
and another (9 plots) by Mr. E. A. Kogers at Brunswick
The Caribou experiment was also under the care of Mr.
Rogers. The insecticides were used in conjunction with
Bordeaux mixture, the plots being sprayed five times.
The details of the experiments will appear in a bulletin
of the Maine Experiment Station to be published as
soon as the analyses of the potatoes are completed. The
average yield per acre of merchantal)le potatoes from the
plots ill the experiments are given here without discus-
sion.

AVERAGE YIELD PER ACRE OF riERCHANTA-

BLE POTATOES.

Exi'kkimext at Caribou by Danforth Chemical Co.

Bush,
per acre.

Bug Deatli 288

Paris Green 247

Arsenate of Lead 345

Experiment at Houlton by Maine Experiment
Station.

Bug Death 319

Paris Green 314

Arsenate of Lead . . . . ^ 318

Experiment at Brunswick by Mr. Rogers.

Bug Death 382

Paris Green 38]

Arsenate of Lead 335

Orano, Me. Chas. D. Woods.

Director.

When corresponding with advertisers mention the
Planter.

ORCHARD PLANTING IN PIEDMONT VIRGINIA.

.Mr. S. H. Woods, the president of the Horticultural
Society, writes us that he is pushing the work of plant-
ing orchards in the Piedmont section. In one orchard
they are planting out 10,000 trees this spring, and in
another 20,000 trees. The owners of the latter orchard
will then have about 54,000 trees planted. Virginia is
fast making her way to the top of the list of fruit pro-
ducing States. She now stands about the fifth, with
over 10,000,000 trees planted.

LIME- SULPHUR-SALT WASH FOR SAN JOSE SCALE

In the West, especially in California, where San Jose
scale and similar insects have been a great menace to
frnit growii g, the lime tnlphnr salt wash has become
the dependable means of depression. Tested in the
East, some years ago, It rec ived an nnfavorable re-
port, as it seemed to wash off the trets by rains before
esertlng much destructive effect on the insects. But
tfsts made by the Station at Genjiva, N. Y., during
the pa«t season, show that, properlj made, it adheres
to the twigs and limbs remarkably well, even durinor
6uch exceptionally wet weather as we had last spring.

In the teste more than seven hundred trees, in five
orchards scattertd well over the State, were treated
with this wash. Only in one instance, when the fo-
liage was too far advanced, was there any injury to
fruit, leaf or twig, and this damage was slight When
applied before the buds began to swell, their opening
was retarded a few days, but within two weeks or so
all difference between treated and untreated trees, in
I his respect, had disappeared ; but later the untreated
trees continued to lose vigor and heal thfulnees through
the work of the scale, while the treated trees were
practically cleared of the pests.

The mixture is made by boiling together 40 pounds
of lime, 20 pounds of sulphur, and 15 pounds of salt,
in about 30 gallons of water. Boil for two hours; then
add more water to make 60 gallons, and apply while
hot, using a powerful pump and good nozzle.

PAWPAW AND PERSIMMON.

Considerable interest is being taken In Orange coun-
ty, Ind., in the cultivation of the pawpaw and the per-
simmon. Already the latter has been doubled in size,
the seeds i educed in size and number, and the puck
ery taste largely eliminated, so that the fruit, when
placrd on the city markets, finds ready sale. The
groweis have received substantial returns for their
effoits, and as both wild Iruits respond so readily to
cultivation, they feel assured that there is a great fu-
ture for them. Both are beautiful shade trees of rapid
growth, and it is urged that farmers plant them along
the roadsides for the benefit of the travelling public,
where the trees can easily be oared for and giren a
chance to develop as well.

KAFIR CORN, SORGHUM AND MILLET
AS FEED.

Editor Su'uthern Planter:

I have tried Kaffir corn, sorghum and German millet
with cow-peas for feed. I drill 1 bushel of peas and 1
peck of German millet per acre. I like the millet the
best, it gives a much finer feed, and cures better than
Kaffir corn or sorghum. As I have to cut with a mow-
ing machine, I find that the rake will pick it up cleaner
than either Kaffir corn or sorghum; but whatever is
sown with peas let every farmer sow peas. It is the
liest cow feed given when properly cured, and brings
tlio land into a better state of fertility at the same

Stafford Co., Va. Aug. Sorgenfrei.

1903]

THE SOUTHERN PLANTER.

255

Live Stock and Dairy.

A FARMERS OBSERVATION ON FEEDINQ.

Editor SoutJieni Planter:

Domestic animals cannot provide food for themselves,
but are entirely dependent on their owner, who is re-
sponsible for their condition, and is rewarded for his
labor and kindness, financially, in proportion to his
knowledge and skill in the art of feeding. He is also
compensated, morally, by the pleasure it always gives
the righteous man to confer comfort and happiness on
dependent creatures. "The righteous man regardeth the
life of his beast. "" The "Good Book"' makes kindness
to animals the test of righteousness.

The subject of feeding to the best advantage has en-
gaged the attention of farmers and herdsmen ever since
the herdsmen of Abraham and Lot quarreled about the
pasture and Jacob fed Lahan's cattle.

That able, careful and candid experimenters should
not always be able to arrive at the same conclusions is
not surprising nor derogatory to scientific research. It
only shows that human knowledge is limited, and that
different minds pursuing different courses of reasoning
may arrive at different results. Experiments differ in
spite of all painstaking, because they cannot be made
under the same conditions.

The first and most important thing about feeding
for profit is to supply the animals with the kinds of food
in the qualities and quantities that will produce the
most flesh or milk at the least possible cost. This
problem most farmers must solve for themselves, because
the different cost of feeding stuffs in different localities
renders the experience of other feeders (though accu-
rate for the places where made) unreliable in other
regions. There is, perhaps, no investigator among the
large body of able and educated men who has given the
subject of feeding animals more study than the late
Professor E. W. Stewart, or whose writings -are more
valuable than his. But there is such a difference in the
capacity of different animals of the same species, age
and size, to appropriate and digest food, that neither
Professor Stewart nor any other person could prescribe
a ration that would be exactly suitable for all. By my
o\ni experience in feeding I have found that animals
with the most ravenous appetites are not always the
ones that fatten the fastest, or can endure the strongest
feeding without becoming cloyed. It may be their greed
and hasty eating impairs digestion, and a portion of
their food passes away without giving up the nourish-
ment, and creates a looseness of the bowels not favorable
to putting on flesh or secreting milk. Some of our fat-

tening steers that increased in weight the fastest were of
a quiet, stolid disposition, ate their rations with great
deliberation, and no matter how much meal was given
to them, would never eat enough to cloy their appetites
or bring on diarrhoea. When they left a little feed in
their boxes I took it out before the next feeding time,
and gave them a little less for the next meal..

The right quantity to be fed for the cheapest produc-
tion of flesh or milk and the maintenance of the health
of the animals, is the quantity they will eat up clean
evorv time. I know of no better criterion. No animal
can gain in flesh if only fed enough to keep it alive.

Inexperienced feeders are apt to feed too strongly,
especially at the start. They are in a hurry to get their
animals fat, and so crowd them with grain, thinking
that is the right road to the end they have in view;
but they soon find their animals refusing their food,
their dung as thin as water, and that they have lost
flesh instead of gaining any. It requires time to fatten
animals, the business cannot be hurried, and it is bet-
ter to feed too little grain than too much.

Most steers of 800 lbs. weight, after becoming grad-
ually accustomed to it, will eat 8 quarts of corn meal
per day to advantage, besides what hay or stalks they
re(]uire. If corn and oats were of the same price per
hundred I would grind equal parts of them together,
and feed about l-l lbs. per day of the mixture. It is
relished better, furnishes a more bulky ration to fill the
stomach fuller, and does not become so compact as com
meal alone. There is not much doubt that it pays to cut
the fodder, whether straw, stalks or hay, into half-inch
pieces, wet the mass and mix the meal with it
thoroughly, thereby securing a better digestion of the
meal by having it raised and remasticated with the cut
fodder to which it adheres. j

Professor Sanborn does not believe in this mixing
meal with cut fodder for cattle, but Professor Stewart
recommends it, and my own experience sanctions the
practice. When meal is to be put on cut straw, hay or
stalks, I have enough rye ground with the corn and oats
to make the meal and fodder stick together, so that the
animals must eat the whole in order to get the meal.
One bushel of rye ground with three bushels of corn
and one of oats is sufficient for the purpose, or the oats
may be left out entirely if oats are relatively dearer
than corn and rye, which is frequently the case. Corn
and rye are of the same weight, and usually the same
price in this locality. Eye is not quite so fattening as
corn, but when ground is a healthful, palatable food

256

THE SOUTHERN PLANTER

I April

for cattle, and improves the ration without adding to
its cost. The most profitable feeding I ever did was to
fatten a lot of ten steers which weighed 800 or 900
pounds each when first put up, almost entirely on cut
straw mixed with rye and corn meal. I give each steer
about a bushel basketful of straw moistened with water,
and mixed with r lbs. of meal at each feed, and two
feeds per day. Dry hay was fed after the cut feed was
eaten, but it required very little to satisfy them. A
greater gain will be made if each animal is supplied
with a few pounds of roots every day in addition to its
other food. There is not much fattening substance in
roots, but they sharpen the appetite, assist digestion and
promote the general health of the animals. There is no
doubt that when ensilage is well preserved and fed in
addition to hay and grain by adding to the variety of
foods, it gives a change of diet which animals, as well as
human beings, crave, and is favorable to the preserva-
tion of vigorous health, and the formation of flesh and
milk.

Animals are not kept on the farm like canary birds,
gold fishes and lap dogs, for amusement and playthings,
but for profit, and the foundation law of feeding re-
quires foods that will produce the greatest quantity of
flesh or milk at the least possible cost. The next most
important requirement is to secure the most perfect
digestion and assimilation of the food after being eaten.
This in my opinion, can only be done by grinding the
grain in order that all its parts may be acted upon by
the digestive organs of the stomachs. Another thing,
the stomachs mu.st be well filled in order that all the
organs may liave a chance to do something, instead of
standing idle spectators of the work going on.

There must be some mistakes in the chemists' tables,
as printed in the United States Report of the Depart-
ment of Agriculture for 1894. The average amount of
fat in com kernels is placed at 5.4. The average amount
of fat in corn meal at 3.5. Corn honestly ground will
surely contain exactly the same ingredients, and in the
same proportions as in the unground kernels. The
average amount of fat in unground oats (by the same
authority) is placed at 5., and the amount of fat in oat
meal at 7.1. Either the chemist, the miller or the
printer must have made mistakes.

According to the authority above stated, the richest
thing in fats is peanuts without the shucks, 39.6; sun-
flower .seeds, 21.2; cotton seed, with the hulls, 19.2.

J. W. In'gham.

When corresponding with advertisers mention the
Planter.

BUY THE BEST BREEDS.

Editor Southern Planter:

We are more and more impressed with the short-
sighted folly of the men who buy cheap, inferior sires
for their flocks. Every year we receive a limited num-
ber, usually about a half dozen, of letters like this:

'Tlease reserve me your best ram lamb ; the best one
you have to offer. I want him to be specially strong in
points, and I am willing to pay a good price

for him."

It is a pleasure to deal with such a man. We frankly
describe what we have, and if we think that nothing is
good enough we cheerfully say so. Then comes another
class of letters like this:

"I want a good ram, cheap in price only."

Well, we haven't got him, because we are not doing
business for our health. Finally a man writes:

"Have you any $10 or $15 yearling rams for sale?"

We haven't. The ewes we have purchased have cost
us an average of about $35 each, and our rams from
$60 to $100. When we have to raise rams from as high
priced stock as this, kept on high priced land, fed high
priced feed and tended by high priced help, and sell for
$10 a head, spending perhaps $300 a year for adver-
tising them and $150 worth of time and postage in cor-
respondence, we want somebody to help us out of the
business.

But now, suppose a man pays $25, or $50, or $100
for a ram. Suppose he has fairly good ewes — 50 head of
them. Suppose in a year he raises 50 lambs, 25 rams
and 25 ewes. Suppose he sells of these rams 10 head
at $20 each, 10 head at $25, 3 head at $30, and 2 head
at $50, a total of $640. Now, on the other hand, sup-
pose he buys a $10 ram for a like number of ewes of
like quality and raises a like number of lambs. He sells
his rams, 5 head at $10, 10 head at $15 and 10 head at
$20, a total of -$400. But suppose his customers are not
quite satisfied, and, besides, he will want to save his ewe
lambs, the best of them, and to gradually help out the
average of his flock. Now he has saved fifteen whole
dollars, maybe more, on his ram, and his first year's
lamb crop has lost him the price of several good rams.

One of our greatest living sheep authorities says : "Al-
ways remember that an exceptionally good creature is
worth ten ordinary ones." If the extraordinary ram
has an earning capacity of $250 a )'ear over the com-
mon one, and if his period of usefulness be only 6 years,
it makes $1,500.

Woodland Farm has one ewe that we value at $100.
We wuld not sell her for a half more than that. She
has twins at side, a ram and ewe. Now, suppose in the

1903.]

THE SOUTHERN PLANTER.

257

next five years she raises six lambs. If we get $50 each
for 2, $25 each for 2, and save two ewe lambs worth
$35 each, she will surely earn more than the $100 calua-
tion. We wish that we had a photograph of this ewe
to show you, but have none at present. We shall hope
to show you some of her lambs, and in the show ring.

Chas. B. Wing.
Woodla7id Farm, Mechanicsburg, Ohio.

ORAZINQ AND FEEDINQ EXPERHENTS WITH
PIGS.

The following plants were tested as hog food on the
farm of the Experiment Station, at Auburn, the hogs
doing the harvesting; these plants are available for use
in the months indicated :

Spanish peanuts, August to December.

Chufas, November to March.

Cowpeas, July to November.

Sweet Potatoes, August to November.

Sorghum, July to November.

Yetch and oats, March, April and May.

Dwarf Essex rape (spring sown), May and June.

Dwarf Essex rape (fall sown), December, January,
February, March and part of April.

In most cases it was found best to feed, in addition to
the above crops, from one-fourth to one-half of the usual
ration of grain. If we assume that of this grain 5 lbs.
was required to produce 1 lb. of increase in live weight,
we have left the following amount of growth of shoats
attributable to one acre of each crop after deducting the
increase due to the grain consumed:

An acre of peanuts in 7 tests averaged a net return
of 333 lbs. of growth, now worth $16.65.

Peanuts alone in two tests averaged 281 lbs., worth
$14.05.

Chufas in two tests averaged 307 lbs., worth $15.35.

Cowpeas in two tests averaged 229 lbs., worth $11.45.

Essex rape in two tests averaged 453 lbs., worth
$22.50.

Sorghum in two tests averaged 174 lbs., worth $8.70.

One acre of the best of these crops (peanuts, rape and
chufas), afforded pasturage for one month for at least
25 100-lb. shoats, when a half ration of grain was fed.

It usually requires about 5 lbs. of grain to make 1
lb. of growth in live weight of such shoats as these.
However, when they grazed on the crops named below,
1 lb. of increase in weight required only:

1.77 lbs. of grain with peanuts.

2.30 lbs. of grain with chufas.

3.07 lbs. of grain with cowpeas.

2.68 lbs. of grain with rape.

3.70 lbs. of grain with sorghum.

3.13 lbs. of grain with sweet potatoes.

Pigs grazing on sorghum, fully headed out, ate only
12 per cent, less grain per lb. of growth than those sup-
ported entirely on corn.

Shoats fed on a mixture of corn meal and of 20 or 25
per cent, cotton seed meal in most experiments ate but

little food and made very slow growth. In other experi-
ments they required only 3.84 and 4.68 lbs. of this mix-
ture per lb. of growth.

The feeding of cotton seed meal as one-fifth or one-
fourth of the grain ration for 34 to 38 days in most
cases had a poisonous effect on shoats weighing from
59 to 118 lbs. each. No ill effect was noticed prior to
the 33d day, and some pigs showed no perceptible ill
effects on the 32d day.

Young pigs were more susceptible to injury from cot-
ton seed meal than older shoats.

Peanuts fed up to the date of slaughter made a very
soft lard. Chufas softened the lard to an almost equal
degree. Sorghum did not soften the lard to the same
extent.

Rice polish proved to be a better hog food than com
meal, 78.6 lbs. of polish equaling in feeding value 100
lbs. of corn meal.

J. F. DUGGAR,

Agriculturist, Alabama Experiment Station.

ANGORA GOATS,

Editor Southern Planter:

As I have had a few years' experience with Angoras,
probably I can be of service to those contemplating buy-
ing them.

I think they are a wonderful animal and that every
land-owner in Virginia can handle them at good profit.

They will do well on any kind of grasses and sod
land, whilst at the same time they will thrive and fatten
equally as well on brush land.

We do not have to dispense with our sheep or any
other stock to make room for goats.

Last spring we pastured a fresh sodded field with
sheep until June, and poke weeds had grown up in great
clusters all over the field. We turned in our Angoras
and in less time than three weeks not a stalk over 3
inches high could be found.

Even if we pasture them on our grass land, their
fleece will pay for their keeping.

If nannies are properly cared for, will raise a kid
every year for 15 years or more, which will bring as
much as a well-bred lamb.

Our nannies are always kept to breed from, as the
demand for them is rapidly increasing.

Wether Angoras are not butchered young like sheep.
They live to a greater age, hence it takes longer to make
their growth.

Wethers are generally sold with sheep at about the
same price per pound, and after being dressed are called
mutton (Angora venison), simply because there is pre-
judice against the old-time goat, as their meat was not.
palatable.

A short time ago a gentleman caUed in to dine with
us. Fortunately, we had killed an Angora, conse-

258

THE SOUTHERN PLANTER.

[April

quently had fresh mutton, and as we returned from the
dining-room he smacked his lips and said: "Your
wife certainly knows how to serve mutton."

It does not require a very high fence to turn Angora
goats, but it mu.st stand up straight, or they will walk
up the locks.

I do not advise using barbed wire fence, especially of
only four strands. The goats are liable to get fast
reaching through between the wires.

Woven wire is preferable. Either board or rail
makes a good chca]) fence for us, as timber is plenti-
ful.

I think it would be requiring too much of 50 An-
goras to kill out underbrush on 135 acres of land, and
it mostly a thicket. However, it might succeed if the
lot is divided into smaller plots and use 50 Angoras on
one i)lot at a time and then cultivate this plot when the
Angoras are moved off to another plot.

Stockmen in Texas, Xew Mexico, Arizona and Kan-
sas and in many Western States have become independ •
ent raising Angoras, and why can't we make a success
at the business in Virginia ?

Carroll Co., Va. J. M. Marshall.

BOAR INCAPABLE OP SERVICE.

At the retjuest of Mr. Thomas S. Whitf, of Lexing-
ton, we publish the following remedy, which we recent-
ly advised him to use upon a very valuable boar pig,
which had become incapable of serving a sow and which
completely restored him to service. From the descrip-
tion he gave us, we came to the conclusion that the boar
was suffering from ulceration of the sheath, caused
either by an accident or from serving a diseased sow.
We advised the thorough cleansing of the sheath by
syringing with warm water, and then the injection by
a .syringe of a lotion made of 4 drams of Sulphate of
Zinc, dissolved in a pint of water, to lie used twice or
three time.s a day.

Kecent foals dropped at the EUerslie Stud of R. J.
Hancock & Son, Charlottesville, Va., are as follows:

Mcrnuiid, dam of :\rerry Day and Eonic, by imp. St.
Blaise, dam Palmetto, by Virgil, foaled on March 14th,
a chestnut filly by Eon and was bred back.

Aurinc, by Eon, dam Sample, by imp. Rotherhill,
foaled on March 16th, a chestnut coit, by imp. Father-
less, and was bred liack.

Winter Cherry, full sister to Aforello, by Eolus, dam
Cerise, by imp. Moccasin, slipped her first foal (a colt),
by imp. Fatherless, and was bred hack.

Mention the Planter to vour friends.

NEW MEAT FOODS FOR STOCK .

The farmer who is feeding only corn to his steers or
hogs, literally, must have corn to burn. For years it
has been a difficult matter to know wliere pi-otein could
bo obtained at such cost that the farmer could afford to
sell some of his corn and buy a protein feed with which
to properly balance the remainder. The results of ex-
periments quoted have surprised the oldest practical
feeders of many States and would seem to indicate that
the solution lies ready at hand in the large output of
hy products prepared in the packing house.

Many men object to the use of animal foods in the
shape of blood meal or tankage. We do not find this
objection well founded in actual practice. Hogs will
greedily eat all kinds of refuse coming fresh from the
slaughter-lioiise. Many people have objected to the use
of slaughter-house-fed animals, owing to the danger of
disease infection. Packing-house foods are free from
this objection. In their manufacture they are sub-
jected to such a high temperature that any germs which
might cause trouble are destroyed. In the fir.«t place,
every animal which goes into the packing-house has
passed a careful inspection by officers of the United
States Bureau of Animal Industry, so that the dan-
ger of infection is reduced to a minimum.

These foods are cheap, clean and highly concentrated.
It is not necessary to handle a large bulk in order to get
the food constituents required. We do not believe in
tablet rations, but recommend a wise and carefully
planned system of feeding by which an animal will get
])lenty of bulk food and at the same time plenty of mi-
tritive material. The following table will give a better
idea of the relation existing between some of these feeds
and the ordinary feeds of the farm. These analyses
are authentic:

Per Pounds

cent. protein in

Feed — protein. one ton.

Corn 08 160

Wheat bran 13 240

Oil meal (0. P.) 50 580

Cottonseed meal 3T 740

Digester tankage (iO 1300

Blood meal . .'. 87 1740

Soluble blood flour 87 1740

One tif the by-product foods mentioned above is like-
ly to become of great interest and importance to prac-
tical dairymen. We refer to soluble blood flour. This
pi'oparation has been tried and proved to be an excellent
food to develop rapid growth in young calves feeding
on skimmed milk. Different .stations have found that
blood meal absolutely cures and prevents scours, which
causes so much trouble with skimmed-milk-fed calves.

Digester tankage is a food for hogs only. It is made
from pure meat scraps thoroughly dried and carefully
ground. Hogs eat it greedily, and, as noted before,
make large and satisfactoiT gains.

Meat meal is a product of higher grade meat scraps,
dried and ground, and is meeting with a large demand

1903]

THE 80U1HERN PLANTER.

25i»

from poultrymen who wish cheap winter eggs. Every
practical poultryman knows that no food is a better egg
stimulant than meat scraps, fresh from the butcher
shop. Such scraps cannot be stored except in refrige-
rators during hot weather, so are not available to many
poultrymen. Many of our best breeders of pure-bred
swine are thoroughly alive to the fact that if they are
going to develop proper bone in their breeding stock
they must make a radical change in the methods of
breeding, feeding and treatment. It has been a prac-
tice in Great Britain and Germany for many years to
feed swine, especially early in life, liberal rations of
ground bone. Ground bone contains a large amount
of digestible protein, from twenty to twenty-five per
cent., and is rich in phosphates, containing from fifty
to fifty-five per cent. It will be readily seen that this
material affords the swine breeder valuable help in over-
coming the serious defect in his breed stock. In con-
clusion, we would say that we believe that a great fu-
ture is in store for the use of animal foods. We be-
lieve that it is a matter of only a few years until every
available material from our great packing houses will be
converted into palatable and nutritive foods for the
growth and maintenance of farm live stock.

Iowa Prof. .T. J. Fergusox.

THE CHESTER WHITE HOG.

Editor Southern Planter:

This valuable breed of hogs originated in Chester
county, Pennsylvania. They are the result of a cross of
Bedfords upon the native hogs. Captain James Jeff-
reys brought a pair of white pigs from Bedfordshire,
England, in 1818. These were crossed upon the native
hogs and by careful selection and judicious breeding
have produced the Chester white hog, a most desirable,
well-formed, large-sized, easily fattened hog. The Ches-
ter white hog sprung into sudden popularity before
there were enough genuine Chesters to supply the de-
mand. As a result formers sold all kinds of white pigs
at fancy prices as genuine Chester whites. As a natural
result, the Chester whites got a very bad name and it
took them years to overcome this setback. Of recent
years the value of the Chesters as good economi-
cal pork producers is generally recognized. The
record that they made at the International Fat-Stock
Show in 1901, at Chicago, gave them quite a boom. The
Chesters won Sweepstakes prizes over all other breeds.
My experience with the Chesters is that they are very
fast growers, very healthy and easily fattened at any
age. The sows usually farrow large litters, and they
are good mothers. A few years ago I put up the runt
pig of a litter of eight. The pig was just eight weeks
old and weighed just 20 lbs. when put up, while its
mates weighed about 30 lbs. each. The pig was put up
on the first day of June, and was reasonablv well taken

care of until November 21, when it was killed and
dressed 197 lbs.

A neighbor butchered a Chester white pig of last
May's farrowing. He killed it the week before Christ-
mas, and it dressed 256 lbs. Some ten years ago I pur-
chased my first Chester white boar and crossed upon a
grade Poland China. I was so well pleased with the
result that I decided to raise full bloods. They have
proved to be the most satisfactory hog that I have ever
tried. If there is mast they will take to the mast and
do quite as good a job of ranging as the old native
scrubs, and they will fatten much faster. If there is no
mast they will pay much Ix'tter for feed consumed than
the hogs that have a reputation as rangers.

Albion, W. Va. A. J. Legg.

EARLY LAMBS.

Editor Southern Planter:

I would 1)0 very glad to have you inform me through
the Planter what treatment should be given sheep to
have them lamb early, say about January, which is the
best time to have them in order to be ready for the early
market, at which time you always get better prices than
later in the season. I expect to keep grade Shropshire
ewes and a thoroughbred Shropshire ram, which I think
far ahead of all other breeds for all purposes. I have
now 14 grade ewes and 2.5 lambs, therefore, I hardly
think the Dorsets can excel that, for the Shropshire is
not only prolific, but also good milkers as well. Any
information on the breeding subject and how to have
earlv lambs will be gladly accepted.

Altjemarle Co., Va. W. C. S., Jr.

The first thing to be done to encourage early mating
of the ewes is to get the j)resent crop of lambs off as
quickly as possible. After weaning tiirn the ewes into
a short pasture and keep them in fair thriving condi-
tion, but with no tendency to becoming fat. In August
put them on to a rich, full pasture and feed them a little
grain, peas and oats daily, and turn the buck to them
at night. They will usually soon accept service. — Ed.

THE BROOD SOW.

Editor Southern Planter:

I see two mistakes in my article, "The Brood Sow,"
in March Planter, page 181, which you will please
correct, as they are misleading. I begin' taking off the
pigs a few weeks before they are a month old. Take
off two or three per day until all are off, and withhold
all slop food a day or two before I begin taking off the
pigs.

Goochland Co., Va. N. S. Watkins.

2'JO

THE SOUTHERN PLANTER.

[April

The Poultry Yard.

THE BROWN LEQ HORNS

Editor Southern Planter:

The good qualities of the Brown Leghorn I find are
far from being generally known.

So many questions are asked concerning them that I
think it would be well to speak of some of their good
points through the medium of your most excellent
journal.

They are not, as many think, very delicate and hard
to raise, on the contrary, I believe they are the hardiest
chicken I know. If well cared for a few days after
hatching, they need only to be fed to grow right off. I
have raised fifteen from one hatch and shut them up
only three nights, and I might say fed them very irregu-
larly, as they left their house before I went out to feed,
and spent most of their time around the stables.

In fact, I believe the Leghorn thrives best with little
attention. They are great rovers, and will come nearer
gathering their own food than any breed. They do not
like confinement, and never live on good terms with
other breeds. I find they lay much better kept by
themselves. They have the name of being great egg
producers, which is very correct. For all the year round
no better layers are known. They never set unless ad-
vanced in years, when they cannot be trusted with the
eggs to the hatching day. I have often had them kill
chickens as soon as they left the shell, and still oftener
to spoil the eggs in a few days after being trusted with
them. I once set a Leghorn on a few of her own eggs,
and put in three Plymouth Kocks to make up the right
number. Several visits paid to her henship showed three
eggs too few. I noticed that the yellow eggs were the
discarded ones, which goes to show the discriminating
power of the TjCghorn hen.

One question I am often asked is: Aren't the Leg-
horns easy to frost bite? I never saw large combed
chickens less susceptible to cold.

Naturally, the Leghorn is wild, and prefers out-door
roosts, often choosing trees and open sheds. I have
kept one hundred through the winter and only two show
any signs of frost bitten combs, and they stayed with
about fifty others under an open shed on an old wagon.
I have had the Tieghorn for ten years, and my father
kept them, the first I ever saw in Virginia, gathering
eggs daily in a peck basket, the envy of his neighbors,
who were so an.xious to exchange eggs with him.

For beauty, style, hardiness and laying qualities, I

cheerfully recommend the Leghorn. They are a little
longer getting large enough to eat than the Brown' Ply-
mouth Rock, but are in every way as good with that ex-
ception, but verj- few persons would wish to eat such
handsome chickens.

Albemarle Co., Va. Mrs. Jno. F. Paynb.

PULLETS FOR LAYERS.

It ia the pallets that do the late fall and early win-
ter lajing, and if we would have an abundant supply
of eggs at the time of highest prices a goodly propor-
tion of our birds must be early hatched aad well-
grown pallets. An experiment illastrating the doa
bled profits to be gotten from pullets as compared with
year old hens was carried on at the Utah Experiment
Station, Logan, Utah, a few years ago. and the results
were most instructive. Two pens of old hens averaged
85 eggs apiece, while two pens of pullets averaged 170
eggs apiece — exactly doable the number. The doubled
uamber of eggs laid by tae pallets djes no!; rightly
present the ratio of profit, however, because from one-
half to two thirds of the increase comes ac a time of
decidedly higher prices, hence the proportion of profit
is much greater. Ia this Utah experiment fhe aver-
age value of the eggs per hen was $0. 78, while that of
the eggs per pullet wis $1.78. The food, eos^, laboj
and intersst on buildings, eM;., is no greater for a pal-
let than it is for a hen, and it wjuld seem to be the
part of wisdom to have the bulk of oar docks early -
hatched and well grown.

To keep away mites and lice from sitting hens, paint
the inside of nest-boxes with crude carbolic acid. This
has been used with perfect success for the past two
years.

The idea that nature will supply both food and shel-
ter must be banished before the hen can be made prof-
itable. Houses must be built, food must be given and
water and grit must be supplied.

Biddj-^'s chicks are as strong as machine hatched
ones. If given reasonable comon sense care, she will
give strong, fast growing chicks that will eventually
bring good returns to the owner.

If furnishing eggs for table use is your branch of the
poultry business, there is no need of having males in
the flock. In fact, it is better to have none. It saves
feed ; it saves worrv of the hens.

Though ducks are water fowl, they do better to be
kept dry while wearing their downy cloths. Even
waddling through wet grass is not helpful to their
growth and development.

1903.

THE SOUTHERN PLANTER.

261

Bowel trouble that carries off many chicks when one
or two weeks old may be often corrected by taking away
their drinking water and giving scalded milk instead.

Hens enjoy scratching for a living. Give them the
enjoyment and they will reward you with a good supply
of eggs — provided their scratching is rewarded with
finding grain.

Wheat contains a larger per cent, of albumen than
any other grain and for this reason it is one of the best
grains to feed for egg production. It should not be
made an exclusive ration, however.

In buying an incubator get one that is run by simple
rules — if the riiles are long and complicated you may
get discouraged before you master them and start the
machine before you can run it successfully.

There is not a great deal of difference in the feeding
value of buckwheat and wheat, pound for pound. Buck •
wheat is a good winter feed and may be fed as one feed
two or three days in the week if it is not too high
priced.

Don't forget about the lice. There may be thousands
in your poultry house before you find one. Look for
them and take measures to prevent them from getting
started. Lice killers are plentiful and cheap, and they
save a lot of money by preventing losses.

If the fowls are let out for a run through the only
door in the hen house, be sure it is fastened open so they
can go in at will, either through the day or at roosting
time. The weather is uncertain in March and an open
door is often needed to escape a sudden storm.

Every poultry house should have a platform under the
roosts to catch the droppings. Such an arrangement
allows all the floor space to be utilized for scratching
purposes and lessens the work required to keep the house
clean and sweet. Have a droppings board and clean
it at least twice a week — six times would be better.

This is a good time to start your son or daughter in
the poultry business. Let them care for the flock,
market the produce and have the returns for their own
spending. If they cannot get enough out of the flock
to pay for their keep you inquire into the management
and suggest the remedy, for poultry will pay if man-
aged rightly.

At the South Carolina Experiment Station the past
two seasons several remedies have been tried for sore
head. The best results were obtained from the follow-
ing mixture: Chloronaphtholeum one part, lard four
parts. Mix well and grease the whole head. If in an
advanced stage, wash the head in warm water to remove
scabs before using.

Mention the Planter when corresponding with adver-
tisers.

WHAT A SMALL FLOCK 15 DOINQ.

Editor Southern Planter:

I have 20 Plymouth Eock and 16 White Wyandotte
hens and six cocks. It has cost me to feed them during
January and February SJ cents each per month, or 7^
cents each for the two months. I have got an average
of 31 eggs from each hen in the two months. You can
judge for yoiirself from tliis whether it pays to put in
any time with good poultry. I feed my chickens in the
morning first green, cut bone and bran mush; next a
liberal supply of green vetch, turnips and beets, and in
the evening I feed corn, peas and wheat mixed together.

Iredell Co., N. C. 0. E. Shook.

INCUBATORS NECESSARY.

Eecently we have been getting numerous letters
from our subscribers asking us if we really think in
cubators neceasary to the successfnl prosecution of
the poultry business.

We certainly do think incubators necessary, or we
would not use them, recommend them or urge their
use by those who raise each year one hundred or more
chickens.

We believe an incubator is Just as necessary as any
other form of improved machinery.

The farmer, the village poultry breeder, and the
man in the city who likes poultry, may each derive
much benefit Irom the use of incubators Instead of re-
lying on hens, always untrustworthy and never pleas-
ant to handle nor easy to manage.

An incubator may be kept in a kitchen, cellar, bed-
room or living-room without any oflfenee to any of the
senses.

There is no more odor to an incubator than there is
to an ordinary kerosene lamp, and often not as much,
for as a rule, the combustion of the oil in an incuba-
tor lamp is more perfect than it is in an oniinary
house lamp.

As incubators are now made they are not unsightly,
and look as well as ordinary house furniture.

We are thoroughly and unreservedly in favor of in-
cubators.

Often we gtt a letter saying the writer has bought
some certain kind of an incubator, but has not made
as much of a success of it as has a neighbor who has
another kind.

The trouble is almost invariably in the operator.

If our correspondents would trade incubators with
their neighbors, they would probably not change
their "luck" in the least, and their neighbor would
continue to get good hatches and they would get poor
ones. ^; .^.j

The incubator has come to stay; is firmly fixed, 'juid
the poultry breeder who does not use them Is fallin
behind the procession. — Commercial Poultry.

If you set any hens this month do not give them all
the eggs thev can possibly cover, for we may expect
some cold days, and eggs are liable to be chliled if
near the nest's edge.

202

THE SOUTHERN PLANTER.

The Horse.

April

A LIBERAL OFFER.

Mr. R. Harvey Barton, of Dublin, Pulaski county,
Va., writes that he will bo glad to allow his stallion
Wilberforce, 2:21, by Pilot Wilkes, out of Nellie Green,
2:25, to .serve three mares of approved breeding free
of charge. If the mares are shipped to him the 1st of
of May or later he will keep them a month free of
charge. He would prefer well l)red Hul mares.

N0TE5

The Virginia Horse Show Association is making
active preparations for the greatest season of its career,
and not only will larger prizes be offered, but more
varied programmes be gotten out and a large number
of novelties introduced. At a recent meeting in Wash-
ington twelve organizations were represented and a
schedule of dates arranged that seems likely to meet
with general approval. This schedule was prepared by
J. T. Anderson, of Richmond; C. W. Smith, of War-
renton. and Charles Milliken, of Berryville. An amend-
ment, howe\er, was offered by J. J. Davies, of Manassas,
and adoptd to the effect that within fifteen days from
the date of the meeting that the various horse show
organizations in the association may have the days of
the week alloted them changed to some other days in
the same week, if desired. The Virginia Horse Show
Circuit is an interesting one and yearly enlarges and
grows more important. This is as it should be, as some
great show horses are developed, while the impetus given
the breeding of high-class harness horses, saddlers,
hunters and jumpers is very decided and of much bene-
fit to breeders and farmers in general. The dates of
this circuit follow :

Leesburg, June ;i, 4; Upperville, June 10, 11; Cul-
peper, July 3, 4; Manassas, July 21, 22; Orange, July
28, 29 ; Front Royal, August 5, 6 ; Berryville, August
12, 13; Harrisonburg, August 19, 20; Warreiiton, Au-
gust 26, 27 ; Charlottesville, September 2, 3 ; LjTich-
burg, October 7, 10; Richmond, October 12-17.
* * *

M. W. Savage, of Minneapolis, Minnesota, proprietor
of the famous International Stock Food, and of the ele-
gant stock farm bearing the same name, which is the
home of the noted stallions Dan Patch, 1:59^; Direc-
tum, 2 :05i, and Roy Wilkes, 2 :06J, is stocking his great
breeding establishment with a band of brood jnares in
keeping with the sires in \ise there. Mr. Savage has
recently purchased from W. J. Carter, the brown mare
Alcyrene, 2 :275, by Alcyone, dam Bessie Oliver, by
Kearsarge, the son of Volunteer and famous old Clara,
dam of Dexter, 2:17^; Dictator, etc. Alcvone is in fonl
to Red Leo, 2:26|, by Red Wilkes. The brown colt
Featherbone, one year old, by Whalebone, 7872, out of
Alcyrene, bred and owned liy Mr. Carter, is a trotter
and promises to develop both speed and race horse
capacity.

Whalebone, 7872, the son of Abdallah Wilkes and
Molly 0., by Adallah, 15, owned by W. J. Carter, of
this city, is making his third consecutive season here,
and so well pleaaed with his foal are those who bred to
him, that his book is fast filling. This horse is not
only well bred, but has manners, style, speed and action
that fit him for the show ring, and these qualities are
uniformly transmitted to his get. That the latter are
large and well formed is an item of great importance
that should not be lost sight of by breeders, as such
horses find ready sale now at paying prices.

* * *

The Ainslie Carriage Company, of south Tenth street,
this city, of which David A. Ainslie is the head and
moving spirit, reports a fine trade this season, which
applies not only to business wagons and the like, but
to pleasure vehicles of all classes, including landaus,
broughams and family carriages. Particular attention
is directed to the stock of the last named, especially to
those designed for the use of farmers and others away
from cities. The Ainslie Carriage Company is the old-
est hou,«e of its kind probably in the South, and has
enjoyed a long and continued prosperity on account of
uniform fair dealing and strict attention to recognized
btisiness methods.

* * *

T. 0. Sandy, of the Grove Stock Farm, Burkeville,
Va., has made a number of sales recently and his patrons
are well pleased with his method of doing business, ^fr.
Sandy is one of the most progressive, up-to-date farm-
ers in the South, and has achieved an envialble degree
of success. Through an advertisement in the Southern
Planter he has recently sold to parties on the Eastern
Shore of Virginia, the imported hackney stallion The
Duke, by Silver Star, dam Lady Fanny, by Rob Roy.
The Duke was brought to the above section by the late
Captain Orris A. Browne, of Cape Charles, and from
him passed to J. A. Jarvis, Eastville, who sold him to
Mr. Sandy. The Duke left a number of promising
colts around Cape Charles and Eastville, which induced
his return to that section.

* * *

Wickham, the clic-^tnut son of Willful and Ecliptic,
who heads the Cedar Grove Farm of Mr. Harry Gid-
dings, Ontario, Canada, is attracting attention as a sire
in the Dominion of King Edward. Recently ^Ir. Gid-
dings sold two of his get in Wire In, 4, and War Whoop,
2, both out of Lady Liglitfoot, for $7,000. Wickham
was bred in the Bullficld Stud of the late Major
Thomas W. Doswell. and was foaled in 1882. His
sire. Willful, son of imp. Australian, formerly headed
the Bullfield Stud, while his dam. Ecliptic, was one of
the foundation brood marcs. She was bred by Major
Doswell and sired by imp. Eclipse, dam the ever famous
Nina, by Boston. Wickham was a successful turf per-
former, and though well along in years, he is still siring
speed and race horse quality.

Broad Rock.

1903]

THE SOUTHERN PLANTER.

263

niscellaneous.

VIRGINIA POLYTECHNIC INSTITUTE, AGRI-
CULTURAL AND riERCHANICAL COLLEGE,
BLACKSBURQ, VA.

The wonderful reputation whicti this most excellent
institution has made during the last ten years under the
direction of Dr. J. M. McBryde has resulted in such an
influ.x of students during the past five years that the
facilities afforded by the e.xisting buildings are more
than exhausted, and class rooms and dormitories are
so overcrowded as to render good work and discipline
difficult. The youths of this State have Ifearned to ap-
preciate the fact that what they need in order to insure
success in life is a practical technical education rather
than a merely literary training. They see that it is
the men who know how to do something rather than
those who merely know how to say something who are
the ones wanted and who succeed in life. They realize
that it is the j'outh who has had a special technical
training for his calling, be it as a farmer, as an engi-
neer or as a scientist who is wanted by the makers of
the destinies of the country. As a result of this knowl-
edge they clamor for admission to the technical col-
lege. Realizing this fact, and the impossibility of re-
sponding to the demand without further help from the
State, the Board of Visitors of the Polytechnic Institute
are applying to the Legislature of Virginia for an ap-
propriation of $] 40,(i00 to enable them to erect and fur-
nish the required buildings and appliances, and for an
annual grant of $40,000 to enable them to maintain the
fabric of the institution, and keep it fully equipped
with the necessar)^ scientific equipment to enable it to
give the training for which it was instituted. Whilst
realizing as fully as any one can do the necessity for
keeping down the expenditure of the State and curbing
all extravagance in order that she may be able to live
within her income and avoid an increase of taxation, we
feel constrained to support the Board of Visitors in their
appeal, and to ask our readers to urge upon their repre-
sentatives in the Legislature to give favorable consider-
ation to the appropriation asked. The farmers of the
State are deeply concerned in this question. The Poly-
technic Institution is the only one in the State where
their sons can receive free of cost for tuition special
training in scientific agriculture, horticulture and fruit
growing, and the pi-esident of the college informs us
that they are realizing this fact, and that the students
in the Agi'icultural Department now more than utilize
all the accommodation which the board have provided.
Unless the appropriation asked for is made the college

will have to refuse admission to any more students. It
if a serious responsibility for the State to deny to its
youth the opportunity of obtaining that training which
is needed for success in life. We trust that the Legis-
lature will realize this and make the appropriation, even
though in order to do so it may have to deny some
other appropriations which are being asked for. We
think that the appropriation asked for the alteration
of the Capitol ($200,000) might well be postponed in
favor of that for the college. The Capitol and new
Library Building has met the needs of the State for
public offices up to this time, and we think they might
well continue to do for some years to come. The claim
of the Polytechnic Institute is for help which is urgently
and immediately needed to prevent the necessity for
denying admission to the youth of the State to the first
rung of the ladder on which they may mount to success.
Such a claim as this ought to have priority over every-
thing but the absolutely essential needs of economical
government.

THE WASTING OF THE LANDS.

Editor Southern Planter:

I am encouraged by seeing that you put so much
stress in your valued monthly on diversity of agricul-
tural products, importance of live stock raising, grass,
clover, peas, small grains, &c., as against too much
cotton and other cleanhoed crops. And in this connec-
tion permit me to say that another ray of hope I have
for our Piedmont sections is that the higher prices of
meats, &c., coupled with the scarcity of farm labor, may
soon lead or drive us hill-side farmers to adopt a more
rational system of agriculture, one consistent with the
topography of our country, and with the nature of our
soil and climate. I mean practices which will tend to
hold the sand and soil on the upland, where nature
init it. and where it should be kept ; for, doubtless, far
more land in rolling regions is ruined by washing away
than is impoverished by cropping. As a consequence
of existing suicidal methods in many instances the beds
of the streams are filled with sand, and the low-lands
(formerly worth 5 times the upland, acre for acre)
are in part, or totally abandoned, except possibly as cow
pasture in dry summers.

More and more timber is being cut each year, more
land cleared and cultivated if possible, and" mostly in
such a way as to furnish more and more sand to cover
up the bottoms. The question naturally arises: What
will we or posterity do forty years hence if this kind
of work goes on and increases as it has done in the last
forty years? Isn't it high time to call a halt and take
our bearings ? Talk about draining your bottoms when
tons and tons of sand come in with every heavy rain !
Go back to your hills and set things right there first,

264

THE SOUTHERN PLANTER.

[April

and give nature a chance ; she is as ready to restore as
she is to waste, and more so.

I have noticed that some streams having from 25
to 35 feet fall to the mile are almost constantly clogged
with sand. On the other hand, the Illinois river runs
250 miles with only about 28 feet fall in that distance,
and still remains a river. The different surrounding
conditions and methods of working and cropping lands
are the key to the true solution of this problem.

I have watched with interest this trend of things for
nearly forty years, and I must say that I deem it one
of the biggest questions of the day, in a material way,
and which must be grappled with in earnest, and the
sooner the better. It means millions for weal or for
woe.

But I must desist. Go on, Mr. Editor, with your
work of reform.

Rowan Co., N. C. J. K. G.

PROPERTY GONE IN SHOKE.

Editor Southern Planter:

Ever since the beginning the creation of property has
employed intelligent people. Property has been the
basis of support and arises from the hand of industry
and economy. The marvelous waste of the products of
labor by blind stupidity and recklessness, and the crimi-
nal use of fire, has been a besetting frailty of the ages,
but now challenges the attention of modern civilization.
The effort has been to succeed by increased toil and
study despite the ravages of fires, which have been tol-
erated as a fatality. Intelligent thinkers consider con-
flagrations with their horrors, the creatures of cause and
responsibility. They are blows directed not only against
individuals, but against society and the State, the body
politic. In this age of intensive thinking and investi-
gation, the rude and barbarous customs of the past must
give place to common sense and improved methods by
which immense savings may be accomplished and the
general welfare promoted.

That class of people with minds and dispositions hos-
tile to private accumulations and public prosperity must
be dealt with and cared for by the government arms.
Their number is small and can be diminished by suita-
ble discipline, and fire-waste may be reduced to the un-
avoidable minimum. It was a maxim at common law
that an individual should suffer rather than the public
be incommoded, but here the public suffers to indulge
the base passion of the individual. The waste referred
to in the February paper referred to the waste caused
by fprest fires. The lack of information in the census
retqrns, and also on the part of the State on fire losses,
is strange in view of the immensity and retarding in-
fluence upon the property and the country, and the de-
struction of life..

The Year Book, American Agriculturist, 1898, pp.
271-2, represents the fire losses in the United States
from 1877 to 1896, inclusive, $2,337,000,000. In the
State of Virginia for 21 years at $28,427,000. This
appears to be insured property ; the uninsured should be
added, and this would probably increase the loss in Vir-
ginia to double. This data is obtained from "the great

problems of 1898 insurance." It is astounding to see
the lack of sagacity and practical financial acumen
which has permitted this great grievance to run on. If
committed by a foreign power it would long since have
been declared a cause of war.

Will the Assembly of Virginia take hold of this sub-
ject before it adjourns, and inaugurate remedial meas-
ures to be perfected as time shall suggest? The burning
can produce something besides persimmons, broom straw
of institutions of charity, schools, the university, semi-
naries, hotels, factories, towns, cities, private resi-
dences, country homes and property, and not least, pre-
cious lives, should command relief, if the ingenuity of
man can devise it, increased revenue demands it. Turn
attention to saving this waste to the relief of increased
taxation. ,

Augusta Co., Va. Pro. Bono Publico.

A BIT OF EXPERIENCE IN FARMING IN
VIRGINIA.

Editor Southern Planter:

Last October, twelve months ago (1901), I had on
a small piece of ground com, sweet potatoes and peas.
That same month I sowed on that same piece one bushel
of rye. The third week in the following April (1902),
I began to cut it for feeding. The first crop was heavy ;
three weeks afterwards I cut the second crop, very fair;
several weeks after this I cut for the third time a thin
but well matured crop. In June I broke the ground
with a one-horse plow and sowed peas and planted sweet
potatoes, both of these crops doing well. I plowed the
vines under the first of October, and seeded to rye again,
this being the sixth crop put on the same land in one
year.

If any brother can beat this I would like to hear from
him. I write this to show you that "Old Fluvanna"
and pretty girls.

Fluvanna Co., Va. S. E. Bbale.

CONFEDERATE BAZAAR APRIL 15, 19o3, RICH-
MOND. VA.

All over the South we have placed monuments to
our private soldiers and sailors and their great com-
manders.

It now remains for the capital of the Confederacy to
crown the whole by raising one to our first, our last, oiur
only President, the head of our civil government — a
government as wonderful as it was brief.

We owe this duty to ourselves, and to our children,
that they may realize what a sublime record was made
for them in history. The whole South unites in this
loving tribute to the men who died to uphold that gov-
ernment, and to those who, with no less devotion,
steered the Ship of State. What have you done to help
us? What will you do to complete the work? We
ask both your influence, and your sympathy, that we
may build a monument worthy of our people and their
deathless past.

This movement is endorsed by the United Confed-
erate Veterans and the Daughters of the Confederacy.

1903]

THE SOUTHERN PLANTER.

265

THE

Southern Planter

PUBLISHED BY

Tl( SODTBERN PIAIITER PUBIISBING GOIP'T,

RICHMOND, VA.

Issued on Ist of each Month.

J. F. JACKSON,
Editor and General Manager.

B. MORGAN SHEPHERD,
BUSINKSS Manaqbk.

TERMS FOR ADVERTISING.
Kate card fnrnlstied on application.

TERMS OF SUBSCRIPTION.

Ttie Sontbern Plnnter Is mailed to snb-
■ irlbers In the United States and Canada at
60 1, per annum ; all foreign countries and the
O ty of Richmond, 7.50.

Bnmlttaiices should be made direct to this
office, either by Registered Letter or Money
Order, which will beat our risk. When made
otherwise we cannot be responsible.

We Invite Farmers to write ub on any
«trlouItural topic. We are always pleased to
Ttoelye practical articles. Criticism of Artl-
■eles, Suggestions How to Improve Thk
Plantir, Descriptions of New Grains, Roots,
or Vegetables not generally known, Partlcu-
lAn of Experiments Tried, or Improved
Methods of Cultivation are each and aU wel-
aome. Contributions sent us must not be fur-
iLlMhed other papers until after they have ap-
peared In our columns. Rejected matter will
te returned on receipt of postage.

Alwavs give tbe Name of the Post Office
to which your paper U sent. Your name can-
not be found on our books unless this Is done.

>nh«erib«rs EalUng to receive their paper
promptly and regularly, will confer a favor
»y reporting the fact at onoe.

TI>« Date ob yonr Label shows to what
«lme your subscription Is paid.

■o aHonymoas communications or en
^nlrlee wlU receive attention.

Address- THE SOUTHERN PLANTER.

RIOHMOHD, VA.

Detail Index to Enquirer's
Column.

Soja Beans 246

Fertilizer — Composition of Fertil-
izers 246

Sorghum and Millet — Plowing for

Wheat 247

Grass for Name ., 247

Blight on Apple Trees 247

Corn Fertilizer 247

Seeding Crinson Clover and Vetch... 247
Cut Worms and Tomatoes — Fertilizer
for Tomatoes— Grubs in Backs of

Cattle 247

Johnson Grass 248

Failure of Soil to Grow Crops — In-
sects in Seed..^ 248

Top-Dressing for Meadow — Fertilizer

for Young Apple Tress 248

Lame Horse 249

Oow^Peas' and Oats— Cow-Peas and

~Cc;rn — Killing^Persimmons 249

Lime— Nitrate of Soda — Potash 249

Value of Milk Cows 249

Wood Ashes 249

PUBLISHER'S NOTES.

TO ADVERTISERS.

All advertiaemente and matter
pertaining to advertising must
Teach us by the 25th of each month,
please bear this in mind.

To Subscribers.

The season for sabscribiug to
journals is fast drawing to a close.
Work on the farm is beginning
to tax the time and energies of
the farmer to keep up with it,
and little opportunity will now
offer for inducing your friends to
become readers of The Southeen
Planter. We would, however,
ask our friends to avail them-
selves of what time they can spare
to give us yet another lift. Most
farme.'S find time to attend the
April Courts, as they have gener-
ally supplies of some kind to pro
cure or have stock to sell or bay.
When starting out for court, put
yonr copy of The Southern
Planter in your pocket, and
when an opportunity offers bring
it to the notice of your friends,
and secure us a few subscribers.
This you can easily do, and at the
same time benefit yourself by se
curing the terms which we offer to
old subscribers who send us in two
or more new names with the money
for them. We have had a most
successful subscription season so
far, having within the past three
months secured more new subscri-
bers than ever before in the same
time. We want, however, to add
yet more to the list, and yon can
help us to do so. Will you try?
We feel that it is not necessary for
us to say one word in commen-
dation of the journal. Tke thou-
sands who read it and send us tes
tlmonials, unasked, £8 to its help-
fulness to them, emphasize this
point better and more disinter-
estedly than we can do.

A Neat BINDER for yonr back nom-
.'>erB can be bad for 26 cents. Addrees
the Basineas Office.

WOOD'S SEEDS.

Cow Peas
Soja Beans

WRITE FOR^PRICES.

We have issued two special
circulars entitled, "Soja Beans
vs. Corn," and " Cow Peaj, The
Clover of the South," which we
will mail free to parties in-
terested, upon request.

T. W. WOOD & SONS,

Seedsm;n, Richmond, Va,

Spring Samples

FREE

Fine Suitings

7cnth tape measure atid self
measurement blank.

You Save a half by
Buying Direct from the Mill.

suits — our prices are

STYLISH SUITS
$7.50 and $10.

We buy raw wool and do all tlie rest under
one roof, selling you these line ail wool suits
direct. We call special attention to three facts:
These suits have all liniid shrunk coIIrvs,
hand uiaile buttonholes, padded shutil-
dera. We invite comparison of our suits
with suits costing §18.00 to $-2o.uo that are sold
in the usual way. Every garment bears our
label and is gimranteed/or one yfur.

Men's all wool and worsted trousers S2., $2.50 and
$'■:. llaiidsoiiiPlymatie and trimmed. Wenavetlie
all-wool boyseloth-

ihy>

iii-'^anaskirlii

GLEN ROCK WOOLEN MILLS, Son

CRONK'S

Improved c
Staple Pullef

IS AT THE FKOXT. Ask your dealer to show
it. TUreswire cuttL-rs, two ham!iioi"i, two splicing
clamiji— all In ouo toil A Staple Puller tti. twill
pu;i staples when no OL-ber make will. A cuttertiiat
will reaca wir^ when the button cutt«r will nut. One
days usewillsavethecostot It. asl.oo, postage paid
CKON1S& CAKKIKK MFG.CO., iilmira.N. li.

266

THE SOUTHERN PLANTER.

[April

WITH THE ADVERTISERS.
The Studebaker Bros. Mfg. Co., of
South Bend, Ind., send us a very
beautiful poster, showing a photo-
graphic reproduction of the original
log cabin aird blacksmith shop, which
was the beginning of their mammoth
enterprise, which is also shown. The
lesson of the wonderful progress made
by this firm is forcibly presented.

The Granite Poultry Yards are of-
fering eggs from fine laying strains
of Barred Plymouth Rocks and Sil-
ver Laced Wyandottes.

"The Cultivation and Storing of
Sweet PoUtoes," is the subject of a
little pamphlet advertised for sale
by Bryan Tyson in this issue.

T. W. Jarman reports that business
is good in Pit Games, as a result of
his advertising with us.

Hawkins and other fine strains of
poultry are advertised by the Oak-
land Poultry Farm, Ruffin, N. C.

A. S. Craven is also advertising Pit
Games elsewhere in this issue.

Baker's Jack Farm, Lawrence, Ind.,
Issues a little pamphlet, containing
20 reasons why a farmer should raise
mules. He will send it free on ap-
plication.

S. P. Yoder is advertising Silver
l,aced Wyandottes in another column.
He claims the Golden Rule for his
motto.

The Onstad Chemical Co. is adver-
tising its well-known Lumpy Jaw Cap-
sules in this issue. This company
will gladly mail a circular, giving tes-
timonials as to the merits of this
preparation.

Note the advertisement of the Cas-
talia Herefords in this issue. Some
splendid stock is offered.

CATARRH CAXXOT BE CURED

with LOCAL APPLICATIONS, as the^r
cannot reach the seat of the disease. Ca-
tarrh is a blood or constitutional disease,
and in order to cure it you must take in-
ternal remedies. Hall's Catarrh Cure is
taken internally, and acts directly on the
blood and mucous surfaces. Hall's Ca-
tarrh Cure is not a quack medicine. It
was prescrilied by one of the best phvsi-
''cians in this country for years, and is a
regular prescription. It is composed of
the best tonics known, combined with
the best blood purifiers, acting directly on
the mucous surfaces. The perfect combi-
nation of the two ingredients is what
produces such wonderful results in curing
Catarrh. Send for testimonials, free.
F. J. CHENT;Y, & CO., Props.,
Toledo, O.
Sold by druggists, price 75c.
Hall'e Family Pills are the best.

(^

THE •

FARMER WITH AN
EYE r^fe FOR

^

BUMfESS

PURCHASED

the McCormick whenever he wants a binder, reaper, mower,
rake, corn binder, husker and shredder, or other harvesting
machine, because he prefers machines that meet his require-
ments— machines that give him satisfaction — machines that
are worth ever\' dollar that he pays for them.

!t will help your farming business to read the McG>rmick book. "A
MODEL MACHINE." which is mailed free.

W.

w

K. BACHE, General Agent for

McCormick Machines, Richmond, Va. rv I j

ORDER AND SEE THAT YOU GET

Pasteur Black Leg Vaccine

If not obtainable from dealers, refuse substitutes and ■wire your
order to us. Over 20,000,000 calves successfully vaccinated with
the original Vaccine during the la.st eighteen years. Powder form
and Cord form both for Single and Donljle treatment.

PASTEUR VACCINE COMPANY, Ld.,

CHICAGO - NEW YORK, - FT. WORTH = SAN FRANCISCO.

Save Time, Labor and Money ^':>;'j9«jh«;hing

This Bo. t PeBa(TiT].nU TkrMhrr kad ClMser &ad RoU*r B^uIb^ ^^r^h^-^^^^^
Ltnl Tr«»d Pvwcr is t.'.c bestiadividuki outfit far threshing rycbarler,

••M»,p«Bpv*Mv,«p«»l»cv«M,4tan,ato. Aln sikc Wtw pMwt, ^Md mA 1^

1903.]

THE SOUTHERN PLANTER.

267

The Virginia Cattle Food Co. starts
Its spring advertising in this num-
ber. This company is sole proprietor
of Mrs. Lea's Milk and Butter Puri-
fier. That this preparation removes
all taint of garlic or weeds from the
mill, and butter is amply attested by
the numerous testimonials, which they
will be pleased to send any one in-
terested.

Slug Shot is offered our readers as
usual this season by Benj. Hammond,
Fishkill, N. Y. This well-known in-
secticide has been on the market over
20 years, as numbers of our readers
know.

Look up th^ ad. and get circulars
and other information in regard to
it.

Thomas S. White, of Lexington, Va.,
offers 65 head of Shorthorn Cattle for
sale. One-third of these are regis-
tered, one-third are entitled to regis-
try, and the remaining third are
grades. If you want some good stock
you had better investigate this offer-
ing.

Laidlaw, Mackill & Co. have a halt-
page ad. of their well-known Sheep
Dip and Cattle Wash in this issue.

The Filston Farm increases its
space in this Issue. There is al-
ways something good offered by this
well-known firm.

In addition to its Keystone Corn
Planter, the A. B. Farquhar Co. is ad-
vertising its splendid Threshing out-
fit.

A three-quarter Hereford Bull is of-
fered by Mr. W. C. Reed.

F. W. Walter & Son will sell you a
fine Piano and take stock in payment.

Look up the advertisement .of the
International Stock Food Co.

A NEA.T BINDER for your back
numbers can be had for 25 cents. Ad-
dress the Business Office.

AN EXCELLENT WEEDER.
A weeder that takes a very high
rank with the farmer is the "Key-
atone Adjustable," the advertisement
of which appears elsewhere in our col-

umns. The adjustable feature, which
permits it to be used at any extension
between 30 inches and 7% feet, makes

FOUNDED
1802.

QOLD MEDALS :

Paris, 1900. Pan-American, 1901.

For over a hundred years have been universally recognized
as the standard of excellence. They received the GOLD
MEDALS (the highest award) both at the Paris Exposition
of igoo and at the Pan-American, 1901.

(jUr — ^^^ '°^'^ successive annual edition — con-

p — .|„|„ _..-^ tains a more complete assortment and fuller
^..QIQIUylJC cultural directions than any other seed annual
published. It is beautifully illustrated, not with highly colored
exaggerations, but with the finest half-tones from <ife photo-
graphs. It contains 128 large size pages, and in addition 16
full page half-tone plates, and is in every respect and with-
-out exception the most complete, Ynost reliable, and most
beautiful of American Garden Annuals. We will mail it free
on receipt of 10 cents in stamps, which amount may be
deducted from your first seed order. ....

MflrkCt ^■'^ invited to send for our special price-list

riflPHpn<?r«, °^ high-class vegetable seeds for truckers and

rge market growers. It contains all sorts

of approved merit.

J. li. THORBURN & CO.^

36 Cprtlandt Street, NEW YORK.

m 9yt^wm^^^ i>..M

THE HATCHING INSTSNCT.

?Si^i^?;f?.^o';,^.-v'iro,r'?Sci;Ur;ilePetaluma incubator."

non-shrinking redwood, heaters of t
lost sensitive and depe._ Jal ile. SuppI
.-J. U.J V.K..X.IU, ^r,cu dii uvcr (J. 3. wiui jrreat export deraan-l. j'ctaliinia urtfuut- tm
have no superiors. Fair prices and freieht paid all over tT.S. W'rice for latest free ^at^ln^Ml^

PETALUMA INCUBATOR CO.. Boi 46, Pefalimia. Cil., or Boi 46. SiadaMJsjDd.

tchioe fhat adapts |H

iubator. I

rs of copper, self- H
SuppliM moisture ■
Ulim lirooder.H

est free catalof^ue. ■

iodianapolis.lod. ■

^ INCUBATORS ON 30 DAYS' TRIAL THE WORLD'S BEST STANDARD HATCHER, o*

Thousands of these Incubators are in successful
.operation m the United States, Canada, South
Africa , New Zealand , Sweeden, England, HoUan d,
and Germany. These machines operate to perfec-
tion and always bring off a large brood of strong,
healthy chicks^ Catalogue with full particulars

, , ^ ., „ ucniiiiji uuicito. kjaiaiogue wiin lull particulars

free for the asking. The Standard F. C. Incubator Co., Dept. 5, Rochester, N. Y.. C. S. A.

When corresponding with advertisers, always mention that you
saw their advertisement in the Southern Planter.

HIE SOUTHERN PLANTER.

[April

Rend for free
illustrated

CAtalORUC

of farm
Implenients

Corn Planting

lit be well and carefully done, as the fu-
o crop depends upon it. For all purposes,
(nany soil, on all kinds of
ground nothiug equals the

SPANGLER

CORN PLANTER.

UoMD Grain and K.-rlUlrrr Drill. Wnle fur c-tlaUc arul circ

SPANGLER MAKUFICTURIII6 CO., SOlO le^n St., York, Pa

20th

Century

Stee! Bali Coupling CuHivator

" *■ With Doutle Row Cor-

HENCH

Planter and Fertilizer
Attacliment Complete

on One Machine.

r»ruIU-l lieam inm-c-

menl, pivoted axle.witli

latt-rul beam lliove-

nifnt in connexion with

tlit-m<ivuble«plii<lle>.

or eitlior independent

of I'liili other. Centre

lever for aprcmllnir

and e 1 o > I n B shovel

The HENCH & DROMGOLD CO. Mtrs.,York. Pa.

Butler Cart

Zntirely Ncif Vrparlure.
InJispc-iSablc to l-'ar^
mer, Gar<leiifr, l>airy-
raan or Mt-rchant.

tfj-Steel wheels oiid
frame; sideboartl3 re-
movalilc; carries 500
pouuds.

itriioj.

First orders from
new territory' se-
cures .agency ifile-
sircd.

'I', Roderick Lean Mfg. Co.

" MANSFIELD, O.

it very valuable— more so than a
weeder without this feature, inasmuch
as the different adjustments o£ widths
permit it to be used for more varied
purposes, such as fining and leveling
unplanted acres and dragging and loos-
ening the surfaces of grain fields,
meadows, etc., as well as between
rows, not only as a weed exterminator,
but as a shallow cultivator. The ab-
sence of shafts make the weeder less
cumbersome and enables the operator
to work close to the fence. It has a
wheel at its front which secures
steady and smooth motion, which
wheel, by a very simple device, can
be made stationery or • swivel. As
heretofore, round or flat teeth are sup-
plied on this weeder. For the infor-
mation of our readers, we would say
that the manufacturers of the "Key-
stone Adjustable" have been licensed
by the Hallock Weeder Co. to use a
flat tooth covered by their patent, 600,-
7S2. If interested in weeders, write
the Keystone Farm Machine Co., York,
Pa., for a little booklet they are dis-
tributing. Kindly mention this paper
in writing.

GET A GOOD
^V^IND MILL

pay a double price. Send direct to
our factory for caia'cgue of the

FreeniaLi\
Steel Wind Mills

and four post antle steel ti^wtrc. A
coniil'-te line of pumpintj and power
mills of the hithest crade at ixtreme-
ly low prices. We can save you
money on a ^oorf article.

S. Freeman 11 Sons Mffi. Co.,
110 Hamilton S( , Racine, Wis.

1 r.m' I«e line .^f 1><:'1 an.l EnsiLiee C.itlere.
,in Shcllcre. W..U1I Sa»s, etc., at low prices.

MAGAZINES.
Of high importance among the mag-
azine articles of the month is "The
Restoration of the White House,"
written for the April Century by Chas.
Moore, clerk of the Senate Committee
of the District of Columbia, whose
accounts of "The Improvement of
Washington City" appeared in the
Century for February and March last
year. Mr. Moore tells in detail the
story of the President's house, its
fir.st plans, its occasional remodeling,
and all the design and accomplish-
ment of the present restoration, an
event full of interest to every Amer-
ican. In illustrating the article the
Century has employed its best illus-
trative resources. The exterior draw-
in.2:3 by Jules Guerin and the interior
by Alfred Brennan, bring out the in-
tention of the architects to a remark-
able degree. The frontispiece of the
number is a picture by Jules Guerin
of the new East Entrance on the oc-
casion of an evening reception. Mr.
Brennan has made, among other pic-
tures, double drawings of the new
State Dining Room and of the new
Blue Room. Miss Cecilia Beaux's
portrait of Mrs. Roosevelt (with her
daughter Ethel) Is published for the
first time.

Ray Stannard BaKer follows up his
general view of the Great Northwest
in the March Century with detailed
description In the April number of
"Butte City, greatest of copper
camps." "Few American towns," he
says, "arouse a keener Interest In the
stranger at first glimpse than Butte
City"; and most readers are likely
to be surprised, if not thrilled, by the
figures proving Butte City's claim to
its high rank among the country's
great wealth producers. In 1790 be-

Don't Monkey with >'DCCIII FCC "
anythlnK but the rtbllLkWW)

if 11 is cleau. unbroken
peas voii waut. The
••PEEhLESS" is easy to
optrate.liglil to handle,
Ktrougand durable, ele-
gantly fluished. It will
clean peas to perfec-
lion, also rulllel, sor-
ghum seed and velvet
beanR. J. K. Sanderg'8
latest improved, fully
guaranteed. We pay
freights. Write to-day
for prices, address,
PEERLESS PE» HULLER CO., Box V. DaUon, Ga

THE IMPROVED

Clears an acre •f heavy timber land each day.
Clears all stumps In a circle of 150 11. without
moving or changing machine. Strongeet,
most rapid working and best made,
Hercules MIg. Co, 4 1 3 1 7th St., Centrsvllle. Iowa

Power in the Stream

RIFE

\ RIFE ENGINE CO.. 126 Liberty St.^NewYork^X

1903.]

THE SOUTHERN PLANTER.

269

Contains

SMiUBBilRGIiSNS

Our wonderful offers will
surprise you. ^^'el•se Che best
material and guarantee every
gfor2 years. If tile buggyyou
uy from us is not better in
very \vzy than you can get
elsewhere then return it and

U^ other equally big I

Cut out this 3d. send ittu us and we will mail you catalog free.

MARVIN StiJSITH CO., Chicago, Illinois.

Hie •'Weber Jonlor" f] SefJpX'.Vs'/"-'*'

Pumper

■P80VED

THOUSANDS IN USE.

Aak yonr hardware denier for thein or write
& B. BBOWN MFO. CO., - - DEOATVB, lUL

gan the taking of the country's first
census. Taking the census of these
United States even then was not an
easy task. To-day, in spite of all the
help of modern mechanical invention,
to secure the necessary decennial snap
shot of the nation is a herculean un-
dertaking. "The Evolution of Amer-
ican Census-Taking" is discussed in
the April Century by no less an au-
thority than the director of the census
himself, the Honorable W. R. Merriam.
There is another of "The Great Busi-
ness Combinations of To-Day" series,
J. D. Kelley, Commander United
States Navy, telling the story of "The
So-Ca.ied Steamship Trust." "A Pic-
turesque Politician of Jefferson's
Time," by J. Fairfax McLaughlin, re-
counts incidents in the life of Colo-
nel Matthew Lyon. Francis E.
Leupp's "Some More Humors of Con-
gress" throws amusing sidelights on
that august body, and should prove a
mine for all who want another good
story to tell. Topics of the Times
discuss "The Restored White House,"
"Shocks to National Fride," and "The
Genial in Literature;" and the other
departments are not lacking.

The leading article* in the April-
June Forum is a review of "American
Politics" by Henry Litchfield West,
who deals particularly with the legis-
lation of the last Congress, the fight
on the Statehood Bill, the suggested
nominations for the next Presidency,
and the appointment of colored men to
Federal offices. A. Maurice Low dis-
cusses the most important "Foreign
Affairs" of the quarter, with special
reference to the revival of the Eastern
Question and to the internal and ex-
ternal politics of Germany. Alexan-
der D. Noyes treats of the events and
tendencies of the same period in the
world of "Finance." Recent progress
in "Applied Science," especially in en-
gineering, is described by Henry Har-
rison Suplee. Literature is repre-
sented by a review of Sidney Lee's
"Life of Queen Victoria," contributed
by Prof. W. P. Trent. Under the
heading of "Music," Joseph Sohn sets
forth the "Lessons of the Operatic
Season." A paper on "The Educa-
tional Outlook" is contributed by Os-
sian H. Lang. Dr. J. M. Rice's "Edu-
cational Research" for the current
quarter takes the form of a discussion,
based on his investigations in public
schools, of the respective importance
of talent and training in teaching. The
special articles concluding the present
number are "The Present Estimate of
the Value of Human Life," by Prof.
Rudolf Eucken, of Jena, "The Scope
of a Permanent Tariff Commission,"
by Albert H. Washburn, and "A Ramls-
ling Discourse on Submarine Naviga-
tion," by Comdr. F. M. Barber, U. S.
N., retired.

It will be difficult to find a more
attractive magazine for the entire
household than the April "Success."

,j^>Wise Man's
^Wi Wagon.

who has had experience
gon knows that it

■vhcels that d

have given f

11.^ ui iiic >\iai;uu useii.

ELECTRIC

life of the wagon itself. Ou

STEEL
_ WHEELS

lease of life to thousnnds of oltl
.1 u^u.,:>. 1 uey euii be Jind in any desired heitrht.and
aiiy width ottiieuptoSinHies. With a set of these
wheels you eaniaa lew minute's have either a high
or a low doiyn wasrnn. 'i |,o Eleelrlc Unndy
Watron Is made by skilled workmen, of best select-
lerinl—wliitc liieltory axles, steel wheels, steel

hounds.

Here 1

nteed to carry 4000 lbs
11 save money for yon, as it
Ourcf'talop describiiinthe uses
oltliese Nvlie<lsaiid wnitonssintrreo Writeforlt.

ELECTRIC Vt HEEL CO., BOX U6 QUINCY, ILLINOIS.

WE'LL PAY THE FREIGHT

d send 4 Uu^r Wh«ela, Steel Tire on, . 1^7.35
] Witti Rubber Tires, $lo.UO. I mTg. wheels U lo 4 io.
f tread. Top Buggiee. |2B.75: Harnesa, |3.60. Write fol
catalogue. Learn how to buy vehiclea aud parts direct
WagOD Umbrella FREE. W. V. BOOB, I'loclanatI, 0.

BOSTROM'S IMPROVED f ABM LtVtL

PatM 1902. „„„ ^^^ WITHOUT TEL€SOOPE

Is no MAKESHIFT, but the
best one made for Tcmcing,
Ditching and Drainage. Price
$S and Jig, including Tripod
and Rod. Send for descriptive
circulars and Treatise on Ter-
racing, etc.. Free.
Bostrom, Brady Hfg. Co.,
SIJ2 W. Alabama at., Atlanta, Ga.

STEEL ROOFING

ordinury hammer or hatchet the only
tools. vou need. We furnish nails free
afid paint rooting two sides. Comes
either flat, corrugated or "V" crimped.

$2.00 PER SQUARE,

A square means 100 square ff^et. Write
DSts., thicRBO

Announcement

i n^ our patent. The rule of law Is :
seller or user of an infringing devire are all liable
in damages to the owner of the patent infringed."
Tlie Janesville Machine Co. and the Keystone
Farm Machine Co. are the only hrmsliceneed to
use &flat tooth covered hy our patent, and we
finall y warn sellers anduseraof all other makes. 80
admirably have the 60 ,000 "I lallock"Wee(lers done
the work for which they were designed, that one
malier after another sought to copy it. Hoivever,
by Mie various Courts' decisions, these makers are
compelled to abandon the inanufacture of a
Weeder having fiat teeth, and they are now ex-
perimenting ' — *■' — "''

touih. \\rite for descriptive circulars and prices.

HALLOCK WEEDER & CULTIVATOR C0.»

Box 839 York, Pa.

270

THE SOUTHERN PLANTER.

[April

DUST SPRAY.

Write to the

DUST SPBIYER f F'e. 00.

At
503 Broadway, Kansas City, Mo ,

Asking tlieiii for information relative to
their Dust Sprayer, wliicb has many ad-
vantages, and Is something every Fruit
Grower. Cotton Planter, Tobacco Grower
and Truck Gardener should be familiar
with.

A BIG CROP OF FRUIT

und ilfrlliini In four |iooL

Irccsand vines will

HaRDIE SPRAY PUMPS

I hey mil tlic Spray .m witli such

a spray as fui.: .is f.-n mid tl

Hnc is fitteit so' .i(tur.itcl>
Kit tlicrc is nil frittfi.ii. Thiif.
iij ltiP7 work »u riuijp. Uiir i.-it-

•. M. HOLLOW«r Eastern tgent
Bullden Eicliange. Philadelphia

which has just appeared. It is filled
with a variety of good things for peo-
ple, young and old. The opening ar-
ticle, "Burrowing in the Nether
Gloom of the Hudson's Bed," hy Frank
Fayant, interestingly describes the dif-
ficult work now being done in tun-
neling under the Hudson river. New
York, in order to connect New York
city with New Jersey by a direct rail
route. Owen Kildare, whose life-
story, "My Rise from the Slums to
Manhood," appeared in the February
"Success," creating almost infinite at-
tention, has written a true story of his
dog. It is entitled "My Good Old
Pal," and is thrillingly interesting. In
keeping with Eastertide, is a touching
poem, "An Easter Song," by Richard
Le Gallienne. The same writer has
also contributed a valuable article on
"How to Form a Library," which
gives some excellent advice on collect-
ing books for a library at a moderate
expenditure. Mrs. Charlotte Perkins
Gilman, in an article entitled "The
Home as a Food-Purveyor," deals with
the problem of home-cooking, and at-
j tributes many ill effects to the general
mode of preparing food.

G. W. Orton, who won the American
cross-country championship in 1897,
and who is the two-mile world's
steeplechase champion, in the April
St. Nicholas tells his young readers
about "Training for Interscholastic
Athletics," with some helpful points
for instructors and parents as well.

The same authority will follow this
article with another in the May St.
I Nicholas on pole-vaulting, throwing
[ tlie hammer, broad-jumping, high-
jumping, and other timely athletic
sports.

Lippincott's Magazine has won a
reputation for its monthly novels.
That in the April number, a stunning
pood one called "The Trifler," is writ-
ten by Archibald Eyre, an English au-
tlior of rising fame. "The Trifler,"
a member of London's smartest so-
ciety, has a kind heart and an almost
too keen sense of humor. He is ap-
poa'ed to by his new sister-in-law to
pxtricate her from an appallingr situa-
tion. A man to v/hom she had once
bcpii pnsaged and had jilted for Sir
Grralyd Trewint has had her love-let-
ters printed "for private circulation
only." "The Trifler," having himself
fplt the brunt of his brother's anger,
shov.'s quick sympathy for the bride
and rashly promises assistance. In
pxpcuting a plan to effectually stop
the whole thing, he is taken for a
tliipf. This leads to some delicate
prodicaraents and amusing escapades.
"The Trifler" shows he can be earnest
enough in winning the girl he ardent-
ly loves.

The number closes with a laughable
?tory by Elliott Flower. An amateur
I hypnotist puts up a joke on his sis-
I ter's lover, which might have been

FertlliKer Chemicals for Home Mixing

Nitrate of Soda

Nitrate, Sulphate and Miriate of Potash.
Acid Phosphate, etc. Write us lor prices
GENUINE

PERUVIAN GUANO

Analyzing ■) to 5 p.c. Ammonia. 18 to 20 p.o.

l^hosphorlc Acid 4 p.c. Potash.

Price, K2S..50 per ton, F. O. B., Charleston

or Baltimore.

E. MORTIMER & CO. 9 William S*., New York

9KU inCC OPII r "^'^'^ other msects eaa
Mn iiUOt tiUfiLL be controUed by uatufc

fjtood's Caustic Potash WIial»
Oil Soap, ]Vo. 3.

It also prevents Curl Leaf. Endorsed by «ii-
tomologists. This soap is a fertilizer ai w«l!
!is insecticide. 50 lb. iiegs, 82.50; 100 lb. keg*.
H.50. Half barrels, 270 lbs., at 3V^c. p«r lb. ,
barrels, 425 lbs., at S^ic. Large quautltlu,
ipeoial rates. Bend for circular,

JAMES GOOD,

989-41 N. Front St., fhiladelphi*. fo.

AGRICULTURAL
and BUILDERS'

LIME

Send for Circulars and Price-List.

FELLSWORTH LIME WORKS

REEVES CATT, Agent,

Bodley, Augusta County, Va.

ilxle Grease

> Its wearing qualities are unsurpassed, «m!- ,

> tually outlasting 3 bxs. any other brand, ,
' Not affected by beat. Ci-6et the Genuine.
1^ FOR SALE BY ALL DSALEBS.

1903.J

THE SOUTHERN PLANTER.

271

1311

Order Now. It.
Is dangerous to
wait uutll the
flowers have
pistils and the
bulrushesout
and the grass
springs up.

YOU OUGHT TO KNOW BETTER

About the B B. Stays. They make a cheap
strong fence with barb or coll wire. Easily
handled as nails, self locking, can't slip,
and no machine necessary. 'J'faej' are made
of heavy, hard wire, and won't wlit down.
Try a basketful to stiflTen the old fencing
(barb or woven wire), and you will use
nothing else to build new fence. We sell
coll wire too. jhe 8. B. FENCE CO.,

14th and Clark Sis , Ranlne. Wis.

Heavy lateral wires, heavy hard steel stays
coiled spring wire. Sure Grip lock. In strengthj
Appearance, and durability, the Hard Steei
cannot be excelled. Write for catalogue and
prloes. THE HARD STEEL WIRE FENCE CO .

Cuyalioga Falls, Ohio

Barbed & Smodf h Wire

Wire. i'iiintedandi,'^alvan

Smooth Galvanized Wire Shorts

Gautres. 10. 11, 13, 13 and 14: Pries from $1.50
to $I.7S per hundred. Write for Catalogue No. 166

CHICAGO HOUSE WRECKING CO.

West SBth and Iron .St.s., CHICAGO.

kiiw Spiral Spring Wire
FEh'CES AND GATES

If your Jealer dues not have our
goods in stock vou c.nn buydirect
,it Manubcture'rs' Price. Write
for Catalogue and secure agency.

INTERNATIONAL FENCE AND F. CO.
Columbus, Ohio.

PRICE CATCHES TRADE,

' duality h.ud < It :

old" |i;ivi»!o;it:ii ~i(i%^i

ffi

FENCE!;

STROMGESI
MADE. BaU

aVroag. CtUckeo
tight. Sold to the Farmer at Whoi««^<
PriM^ Pally Wamnt«d. Cat&log Fne

COIUD SPHItIS FENCE CO-
B«x •■ WUehMUr, ladlau, t.a, K

.LAWN FENCE

Many designs. Cheap m
wood, 32 iiage Catalo^oi
free. SpeclalPrireBtoCpme.
t«rleiiandCbarcheB. AddresC
COILED SPRING FENCE CO.
Box (4> Whiehest«r, Ud.

serious but for the sister. It is called
"A Fiance in Triplicate."

Much information timed exactly to
the planting season is to be found In
a paper by Bben E. Rexford on "Next
Summer's Garden." Mr. Rexford
speaks with authority and his sug-
gestions are thus most valuable.

REPORTS.

U. S. Department of Agriculture,
Washington, D. C. Bureau of
Animal Industry. Circular 39.
The Water Content of Creamery
Butter.
Office of Experiment Stations. Ex-
periment Station Record. Vol.
XIV., No. VII.
Public Road Inquiries. Bulletin
23. Road Conventions in the
Southern States.
Bulletin 24. Proceedings of the
North Carolina Good Roads Con-
vention.
Bulletin 25. Proceedings of the
Jefferson Memorial and Inter-
state Good Roads Convention.

Kansas Experiment Station, Manhat-
tan, Kan. Bulletin 116. De-
stroying Prairie Dogs and Pocket
Gophers.

Kentucky Experiment Station, Lex-
ington, Ky. Bulletin 103. Hes-
sian Fly Experiments.
Bulletin 104. Commercial Fertili-
zers.

Louisiana Experiment Station, Baton
Rouge, La. Bulletin 73. Analyses
of Commercial Fertilizers and Pa-
ris Green.

Maryland Experiment Station, College
Park, Md. College Quarterly.
Fertilizer Experiments

Missouri Experiment Station, Colum-
bia, Mo. Bulletin 58. Feeding
the Dairy Cow.

Nebraska Experiment Station, Lin-
coln, Neb. Bulletin 78. Macaroni
wheats.
Press bulletin 18. Pig feeding ex-
periments.

New Mexico Experiment Station,
Mesilla Park. New Mexico. Bulle-
tin 75. Pumping for Irrigation.

New York Experiment Station, Gen-
eva, N. Y. Bulletin 228. Popular
Edition. Spraying for San
Jose Scale with Lime, Sulphur,
Salt and other washes.

Ohio Experiment Station, Wooster, 0.
Press bulletin 248. Fruit list.

South Dakota Experiment Station,
Brookings, South Dakota. Bul-
letin 75. Treatment of Smuts and
Rusts.
Bulletin 77. Macaroni Wheat In
South Dakota.

Virginia Weather Service, Richmond,
Va. Annual summary, 1902.
Report for February, 1903.

West Indian bulletin Agricultural De-
partment, Bridgetown, Barbadoes.
Vol. Ill, No. 4. Scale Insects.
Sorghum Poisoning, etc.

Mention tlr^ Snuihem Planter when
writine idvertisera.

of Cotton on the same land
with the same labor which now
makes one.

Nitrate of Soda

fed to growing crops at the
right time repays its cost many
times over.

Our Bullelin, written by men who know be-
cause they have tested it, tells what planters
may do. It is sent/rf? to all interested. Send
name on Post Card.

WILLIA.M 5. MYERS, Director,
12 John Street, New York.

FOR SALE.

I FIVE-HORSE FRIGK MOUHTED ENGINE,
I 24-ln. EMPIRE THRESHER.

LOUIS F. BREWER,

1422 Main St., Richmond. Va.

WHO WANTS A BARGAIN?
I No 2, KEMP'S

MANURE SPREADER

Practical. y new. U^ert oue season
only. In perfect working shape, for
580. Write to-day, you might miss it.

W. M. WATKINS& SON, - Randolph, Va.

$.B.ADi(INS&GO.

jg, 4 and 6 Governor Street,
^ RICHMOND, VA.

EXPERT BOOKBINDERS
and Commercial Printers.

law and Collection Issociation,

Established 1884. Claims collected
in all parts of the United States.
No cwllection — no charge.

P. 0. Box 503. 905>^ East Main Street,
RICHMOND, VIRGINIA.

with rigs to introdnc*
Poultry Compound.

INTERNATIONAL M'PG. CO., Parsons, Kan.

272

THE SOUTHERN PLANTER.

[April

d«*^^>

Are Reliable Seeds

Btrcilnns te-t fnUed tn th. ir prop' r dcTeloj^

ment. lu tlie N-rtli. South. K:>st and

West. TliSsiH oursptti-il business,

A Large Crop

1« depenJ*T*t upon thy rhara-ter of the seet
you (-OW. Xs fCiiri Dlease Toa. Evervtblne for th<
Garden i
Kull and

poultry Suppile-. _,.

free. Han.'Romer than ever; Containsmurti inform-
ation. All Farmers an.l Gardeners fhniil.i have it.
GRIFFITH A TURNER COMPANV,

RELIABLE

SEEDS

Selected Seed Corns, Sweet
and Irish Potatoes, and all
vatitTie.s of Field and Gar-
den Sieds.

DiGGSJ BEADLES, Seedsmen,

1711 E. Franklin St.,
RICHMOND, • VIRGINIA.

Catalogue maileii FREE.

ELMWOOD NURSERIES.

ASPARAGUS

100,000 2-yr.-old Asparagus roots,
5 varieties A special rate of $3 50
per 1000 for 2 mos for BARB'S,
PALMETTO, CONOVEB.

APPLES

A large general assortment, in
eluding WINESAP8 and YOBK
IMPEBIALS.

Splendid Assortment o1

Ornamental, Shade

and Fruit Trees.

rppp from B. P. Recks, Light
llllll •5'*l'™aSi Brown Leg-
LUUU horns at $100 per 13.

WRITE FOR OUB CATALOGUE

J.B.WATKIHS&BRO.,Hallsboro,Ya

Improved Golden Deut. Ears measur-
ing from 10 to U inches In leugtli.
Price, $1.00 per bushel,
J. F. DURRE1TE.BIrdwaod.AleinBrltCo.,Va.

BOOKS.
A Manual of Goat Raising, with a
Chapter on Milch Goats, by Geo. F.
Thompson. Bureau" of Animal In-
dustry. Published by the Ameri-
can Sheep Breeder, Chicago, 111.
Price, fl.OO.

This is a book of 236 pages, con-
taining the fullest information on An-
gora and other breeds of Goats, and
will be found of great service to those
keeping or contemplating keeping
Goats. We can supply the book at
the publisher's price.

Bacteblv in Milk and its Pboducts. |
Designed for the use of students in
dairying, and for all others con-
cerned in the handling of Milk, But-
ter or Cheese, iiy Dr. H. W. Conn.
Illustrated. Published by P. Blakis-
ton's Son & Co., Philadelphia. Price.
$1.25. [

This is a book of 300 pages, giving
full information on the subject upon
which it treats, and will be found of
great service to those handling milk,
butter or cheese, enabling them to
sruard against and control the in-
fluence of bacteria, influencing the |
flavor of milk, butter or cheese. 1

The Book of Corn.

A complete treatise on the culture,
marketing and uses of maize in Amer-
ica and elsewhere, for farmers, deal-
ers, manufacturers and others. A
comprehensive manual on the produc-
tion, sale, use and commerce of the
■world's greatest cereal, prepared under
the direction of Herbert Myrick by
the most capable specialists in Amer-
ica and Europe. King Corn is to
have still larger prosperity in the fu-
ture. This is true not only of the
grain, but of the whole plant. Maize
is the most important cereal grown,
yet in spite of the overshadowing im-
portance of this crop, practically no
book worthy of the subject axists". Re-
cent improvements in all methods per-
taining to raising, harvesting and
utilizing corn certainly warrant a
book that shall be the standard au-
thority on this subject at home and
abroad for years to come.

The Book of Corn supplies this want.
The writers are practical, scientific
and commercial experts — each the
master of his subject, from every
standpoint, making this -work of in-
dispensable utility to every one inter-
ested in this crop. While authori-
tative both as a practical manual and
scientific treatise, "The Book of Corn"
is strong and accurate on the commer-
cial or business aspects of this great
industry. A system of blanks by
which growers can keep an accurate
account of every Item of expense in
raising, harvesting and selling corn is
an additional feature that makes this
book constantly used and referred to
by corn growers everywhere.

Richly Illustrated, 5x7 inches, about

^.

^ Greatest, Cheapest Food
\] on Earth for Sheep, Swinei

Ji 100 tona

JOHN A.5.ALZER SEED CO.."^eSi^^

ALBEMARLE PROLIFIC

SEED CORN

For 4 years past, the entire crop at Ari-ow"
head farm ha^ been Sfild for seed, and those
who pui ofl ordering nniil the la.st. could not
be supplied. We a fine crop for sale. Price,
5175 In (.mall lots; half bus.. $1.00; peck, 65c.
No smaller orders shipped. If the laud is good
and properly p. pared before planting, and
properly worked after plant Ine. over 100 bus.
per acre should be the yield. More forage will
be grown than from any other variety.

VIrgi

FORS_ALE.

luOO bD. Clay Peas, at - $1.00 per bn.
500 " Black " " - 1.U5 "
500 '" Wbippoonrill Peas, 1.25 "
500 " Soja Beans, at - 1.50 '"
200 " BQckwheat. at - 1.00 "

All Seeds recleaned and In heavy bags
delivered Free our depot.

20 large E\«L1SH BKKKSHIRE PIGS,
17.50 eaeb.
1 2-yr.-old Black .lack) Sired by Imported
1 IS mos. old " " I Spanish Jack.

Price on Application.

HICKORY MILLINti CO., - Hickory, \. C.

LATE SEED IRISH POTATOES

— FOR SALE. —

1902 was another good year for the
CLAREMONT PEACHBLOW POTATOES.
A late variety, has been ^rown here for 10
yrs. or more, ai d never failed to make a crop
when planted July first, yields from 15J to 250
bus. to the acre. See de-crlption in last May
issue of this paper. Price, $3.50 per bbl., f. o. b.
here, as long as stock last.

J. M. HUGHES. Clafemont Surry Coun'y, Va.

se:e:d cofur.

300 bushels of Albemarle Prolific Corn,

fl.OO per bus. at d'pot,

L. B. JOHNSON. • Red Hill A'bemarle Ca., Va.

MARK YOUR STOCK.

V»e the

KENTUCKY ALUMINUM EAR LABEL.

Made by F. H. Jackson <S Co., Winchester,
Ky. Write to them for free samples.

Mention the Southern PlanUr wh«i co»
'eaponding with advertisers.

1903. J

THE SOUTHERN PLANTER.

273

500
Chickens

can be raised

iu a season by using

A HAWKEYE Incubator & Brooder

with less oxpenso aui] trouble Ihan the old
way with bens. More and stronger chicks.

They Set While The Hens Lay.
Enough eggs to nay for the au outfit in a
short time. They are self-regulating, self-
ventilatinsr. non-moisture and so simple that

No Kxperieuce is Necessary
to run them. A good hatch is guaranteed
first trial. Every iruchine guaranteed to
be perfect in manufacture and to give
entire satisfaction or no sale.

e-i-l «» on l\«,..« T-:«l The lUWKEVF. Brooder

Sold on 30 Days Trial. HvHrs E«ry niict.

Won first honors at three state fairs last fall; were
defeated. 190B i'atnloff. 8» pQ|C(
IT'S TREK

e who'.o s
nd II )c fo

nd for i

Also

try papfr for one jeRp.

HAWKEYE
INCUBATOR CO.,
Box 49 Newton, la.

RELIABLE GUARANTEED.

The PRAIRIE STATES

KEEP AT THE HEAD>
More made-iDore sold-
more prizes won than
ALL OTHERS combined.
Send for catalogue-just out-fin-
est ever issued. Mention this paper;
PRAIRIE SIATE INCUBATOR Co.
HOMER CITY , Pa.f U.S.A.

VICTOR^
INCUBATORS

1 Hatch everv fertile egg. Siiuplest.
mtiit ■iiii-:ilili', cheapest fir:

Geo. Ertel Co.. Qtiincy* 111.

[

PECSC'S EGG-FO Hi .

rCbll FOR 60 DAYS Qli PREPAID.

It l8 tbe cheapest food on earth. It
pays otiiers, ana will pay .vou. It makes
the poultry busiDess interesting. He-
cause It produces lesults— We SCO
GE9T a trial order. Our Booklet and
Egg-Record— F. ek.

THE FRED S. PECK CO..
2)1 W. Mitchell SI . - Petoskey. Mich.

WROUGHT IRON PIPE

d condition, used short time only; newthreads

£lint^; for Steam, lias or Water; sizes from J^
diameter. Our price per foot on 3^ inch is
1 1 inch 3:-ic. Write for free catalogue Nol Igg

CHICAGO HOUSE WRECKING GO.,

Cloth. Price, postpaid.

500 pages.
?1.50.

Orange Judd Company, 52 Lafayette
Place, New York, N. Y. Marquette
Building, Chicago, 111.

We can supply this hook at the pub-
lisher's price.

The Weather and Practicai, Methods
OF Forecasting It. By "Farmer"
Dunn, famous as New York's Weath-
er Forecaster. Price, $1.60. Pub-
lishers, Dodd, Mead & Co., Fifth
avenue, New York city.
Why not he weatherwise? We can

send you the hook at the price named.

CATALOGUES.
American Farmers' Manual, 1903.
Peter Henderson & Co, Cortland street.
New York. Catalogue of Seeds,
Grasses, Clovers, Cereals, Forage and
Root Crops.

J. B. W'atkins & Bro., Hallshoro, Va.
Nurserymen. Surplus list of Trees,
etc., for spring 1903.

Pinehurst Nurseries, Pinehurst, N. C.

Hammond's Slug Shot Insecticide.
B. Hammond, Fishkill on Hudson, N.
Y.

The McCormick Division of the In-
ternational Harvester Company of
America, Chicago, 111., send us a
copy of a booklet they have just got
out, giving full particulars of their
celebrated Wheat Headers and Header
Binders, two new and distinct ma-
chines, which are highly recommended
for. harvesting great crops of wheat,
where the straw is not a matter of con-
sideration. The booklet is beauti-
fully gotten up and fully illustrated.

AGRICULTURE AT THE
WORLD'S FAIR AT
ST. LOUIS.

Mr. Frederic W. Taylor, the Chief
of the Departments of Agriculture and
of Horticulture, has under way plans
for emphasizing certain of the lead-
ing money-making crops of the United
States, such as Corn, Cotton, Tobacco,
Wheat, Oats, Rice, Sugar (beet, cane
and maple), etc. These are de-
signed to be concentrated or universal
exhibits, taking each subject from the
seed to the finished product, illustrat-
ing all the relations pertaining there-
to, and also all the phases presented
by varying latitude, soil, climate, as
well as the methods of cultivation and
of handling the crop in the several
States in the Union and in the Amer-
ican dependencies.

These special features should appeal
strongly to our Virginia Commission.
Virginia is the third State in the
Union in the production of tobacco,
and with its more than 122,000.000
pounds for the crop of 1901 — the last
available statistics — it should domi-
nate that special tobacco feature. This
great graphic picture Is intended to

Horse Owners! Use

GOMBATJLT'S

Caustic

Balsam

i Safe Speed; and Positive Cort
The Safeat, Beat BLISTER ever used. Take*
the place of all llnimenta inr mild or severe action.
Removes Buncbes or Eleraisbes from Horsea
and Cattle. SUPERSEDES ALU CAUTERY
DR FIRING- Impossible to produce scar or bUmishm
Every bottle sold is warranted to give satlsfactloa
Price $1.50 pcr bottle. Sold by drugEists, or
lent by express, charxea paid, with full directloaa
for its use. Send for descriptive circulars.
reE LAWRSNCB-W1I.L1AMS CO.. Cieveland Qt

r0UTZ5

mm

: AND -

CATTLE:
POWDER

DAVID E.FOUTZ

A medicine which makes
sick animals wt'J. the diseased
whole, the weak strong and the
thin fat. It will restore lost Appetite,
expel Worms and cure Chronic Giugh,
Heaves, Influenza, Distemper, Hide-
bound, Indigestion, G)nstipalion, Fbt-
kulency and all Stonuch and Bowel

5>K6S.*I2S

Fistula and
Poll Evil .

1 ou can
treat these
d i seases
yourself
and cure them in l.i to 30 days. Fi^ m-
ing's Fistula and Poll Evil Uure is easy
to apply, perfectly safe to use, and
your money is promptly refunded if It
should ever fail to cure.

Interesting Booklets Free.

We have two booklets to send you.
One tells about Fistula, Poll Evil,
Spavin, Ringbone. Curb, Splint, Kuee-
.Sprung, Lump Jaw. etc., with instruc-
tions bow to cure them.

The other proves that you can cure
them. Write to-diiy.

FLBMINQ BROS., Chemists,
22 Union Stock Yards. - Chicago. 111.

ONSTAD'S

LUnPY JAW

CAPSULES.

We are specialists in this
disepse. Wecharge noth-
ing for information and
only a reasonable price
foracuie. Write us.
Sold by Druggists.

he ONSTAD CHEMICAL CO.
Room 1, Indian polis, Ind.

DEATH TO HEAVES

nrftamsEPARftTORS

^^ All about tliem and other thines for the
dairy and creamery. A. H. REID, Philadelphia.

274

THE SOUTHERN PLANTER.

[April

UnMCG AND THE PLACE TO
nUIIICO FIND THEM.^^

No place in the United States can a man
do so well at farming, for the money in-
vested, as in Virginia. Lands are cheap ;
climate good, and the best of markets
close at hand. It is the State of all
others, for a comfortable all the year
round home. The James River Valley
Colonization and luiprovement Company
offer superior advantages to land pur
chasers. For free 36 page land pamphlet
address

W. A. PARSONS, VlnlU, Va.

To HOMESEEKERS.

"THE BUSINESS OF FARMING
IN VIRGINIA"

Is the title of a new pamphlet Issued by the
Norfolk aud Western RsllwayComrany. We
win gladly mall you a copy.

W. B. BEVILL, PAULSCHERER, «g!.,

G P. 4 . Laids and Immigration,

Roanoke, Va

WE HAVE A LARGE LIST OF

FRUIT, POULTRY and TRUCK FARMS. I

Ten, Kiay and One Hundred Acres each, with
good buildings, close to steamand trolley

lines, easy access to the city. Also

GRAIN AND STOCK FARMS

Krom 100 to 1.000 acres at low prices, all the

way from »5 w »50 per acre. Write for

Catalogue.

THE VIRGINIA LAND AGENCY. Richmond. Va

J. R. HocKADAY, Manager.

IF YOU WISH TO SELL

OR BUY

VIRCIiiilA LAIRDS

Corarnunlcale wilh us. Write for free
Virginia Real Estate Journal, ' con-
taining uiany tpleuclid bargains.

R B. CHAFFIN & CO.. Inc.

No. 1 N. 10th St., Richmond. Va.

" PIEDMONT X5L":!'

^1^,^^ land, climate, markets, shipping la-
ollltlcs, churches, schools, good health, niodt
rat« prices, easy terms.

MACON & CO., . Orange, Va.

I CanSpnYour Farm

Virginia Farms

AU prices and sizes. Free list on application
WM. B. PIZZINI CO., Richmond, v..

GO SODT)

For full p^rticula^s

write A. JEFFERS,

Norfolk, Va.

VIRGINIA FARHS

$3 PER ACRE AND UPWARDS

E«»v PATMCNTS. CtTALOCUC FRCt.

fiEO. E. CRAWFORD & CO., Richmond, ?».

EatabUihed 1876.

embrace every item connected with
tobacco, beginning with the seed and
carrying it through the plant bed, the
transplanting, the field culture and
growth, the cutting or stripping,
through the curing barns, the leaf
sales warehouses, and on to the fac-
tory, thence through Its various prep-
aratory forms to the finished product;
its final disposal depending upon its
type, or the purpose for which it was
grown. It is confidently expected that
Virginia will not only take advantage
in this special feature, but will as-
sume in it her rightful place as the
third producer of the leaf In the
United States.

The State also produces 40,000,000
bushels of corn annually, of the bread
type, not like the yellow stock corn
of the West. Here again the State
should co-operate in the special corn
exhibit, which promises to be the most
striking exposition of corn ever be-
held.

Information as to exhibits at the
Fair can be obtained from the Hon.
G. E. Murrell, Fontella, Va.

THE EAST TENNESSEE FARMERS'
CONVENTION.

The 28th annual meeting of the
East Tennessee Farmers' Convention
and Farmers' Institute will be held
in Knoxville on May 21st, 22d and 23d.
The railroads have granted a single
fare for this meeting over a wide
territory, embracing not only East
and Middle Tennessee, but reaching
out into the adjoining States. Tick-
ets to this meeting will be good going
May 20th, 21st and 22d, with a final
limit of May 24th for returning. Last
year there were 1,.500 tickets sold to
the meeting, and there is every reason
to expect a much larger attendance
this year.

An unusually strong programme is
being prepared. The very best agri-
cultural experts of the United States,
and of the South in particular, will
occupy places on the programme. The
local interests have not been over-
looked, and the practical discussions
of every topic by the leading farmers
of Ea<^t Tennessee will be a very in-
teresting feature of the programme,
which win be issued about the middle
of April.

Any perpon desiring further infor-
mation about the meeting should ap-
ply to Professor Andrew M. Soule,
Secretary, Knoxville, Tenn., who will
cheerfully answer all letters of in-
quiry.

WALTER'S

Piano Exchange

We buy, sell and eich.inge PL\NOS.
do a general musical u,erchandlse
buslnefsaud lake trade.

PRICES THE LOWEST.

TERMS THE BEST.

F. W. WALTER & SON,
Staunton, Va.

Now Ready. A Valuable Pamphlet,
"CUTUATION and STORING of SWEET POTATOES"

This patrphlet. with necehssary cuts, gives
plain directions for constructing a sweet po-
tato house that, in conne< tlon with Iniporlant
details, will easily kcp sweet pototoes In good
condition until the new crop conies iu, or
longer. Also some new, well tested and valu-
able plans for bedding aud growing sweet
pota'oes.

A. F. Funderburk. Dudley. S. C. In speak-
ing of this pamphlet says: '•! would not take
ten times Its cost for 11."

The parr.phlet has been introduced into 18
States aud 2 Territories, and it Is believed that
the plans given will eventually, to a great ex-
tent, supersede the present mode of growing
and storing sweet potatoes.

The paiupMet also contains a number of
number of my best agricultural articles.

Price of pamphlet postpaid 50 cents.

Address Bryan Tyson. Carthage, N. C.
Please mention this paper.

"Crop Growing
(f Crop Feeding"

BY Prof. w. F. MASSEY.
383 Pp. Cloth, $1.00: Paper, SOc.

We offer this splendid work In connec-
tion with the Southern Planter
at the folllowlng prices:

Southetn Planter snd Cloth

Bound Volume, $1.25
Southern Planter tni Paper

Bound Volume, 90<

GREENSBORO, N.C.

for the treatment of THE LIQUOR, OPIUM, MORPHINE .nd
other Drug Addictions. The Tobbacco Habit, Nerve Exhaustion

A squal caught a party of tourists
on a lake in Scotland and threatened
to capsize their boat. When it seemed
that the crisis had really come, the
largest and strongest man in the
party, in a state of intense fear, said:
"Let us pray." "No, no, my man!"
shouted the bluff old boatman; "let
the little man pray. You take an
oar." — April "Success."

For Sale.

.500 acre firm and
fine country home,
near Natural Brfdge.
.,, , , Postal card Inquiry

win bring you paitieulars.

Mrs. Tompkins, giasgow. va.

FINE FARMR ^° *''® «•*** f™" e™'" »«*

I IHL I nnnid stock section of VIKGINIA.
Best climate and water In the U. 8. Near
peat markets, with best educational advan-
tages. For further Information, address

ALBEMARLE IMMIGRATION CO.,
Sam'i. B. Woods, Pres. Charlottesville, V%.

1903.]

THE SOUTHERN PLANTER.

275

The most popular Machine in use for Peanut Picking and Grain Threshing are the

HEEBNER'S.
LITTLE Gil ANT ^i^o

PENNSYLVANIA

Machines, and they have splendid improvements for 1903.
They are built in first-class manner and are strong and dur-
able. The price is within the reach of all. We guarantee
them to do the work satisfactorily. We will mail catalogue
and teBtimonials, and quote prices on application.

RUBBER, LEATHER

and

G&NDY BELTING.

PRICK'S "ECLIPSE"
ENGINES and BOILERS.

ERIE ERGINES and BOILERS.

"LITTLE
SAMSON"
Automatic
Engine.

THE CELEBRATED

•'CHASE" SAW MILLS

This cut shows o«r 5 and 7 h. p. "Little
Samsoni " Vertical Automatic Engine, for
running threshers, peanut pickers, cutting

"BE lOaOH" MaGHIMERY.fee. aw,„,^,„,e„ , ^

Larger sizes also furuishea.

STRATTON & BRAGG CO., 20-22 H. Sycamore St, Petersburg, Ya.

LANTERS

CARDWELL'S, EUREKA and CENTENNIAL FERTILIZER ATTACH-

MENT are the best^ therefore they are the cheapest. |

CORN^ I ^^^^S^ttl^^ n IS ri u e s

BEANS, JB^^MLt ^"^^^^^^^^ \

ENSSLAGE ^^^H^^^^^ any distance apart, |

CROPS. jBB^^^^^^^^'^^ ^"^ ^"V quantity. |

We make THRESHERS, HORSE POWERS, PEANUT MACHINERY, |

STRAW CUTTERS WELL FIXURES, and all implements |

formerly made by H. M. SMITH & CO. and I

J. W. CARDWELL & CO. I

THE CARDWELL MACHINE CO., = Richmond, Va. \

27(1

THE SOUTHERN PLANTER.

[April

SEED CORN

Cottage Valley Stock and Seed Farm,

W. M. WATKINS & SON, Preps.,
Randolph P. 0., • Charlotte County, Va.

White Champion

Ttie Earliest corn on record. E:ars 10 to 12
Incbes long, witli is to 20 rows on a cob. Fine
Blze grain. Tne finest Eearly corn ever planted.
Planted June lOlh.on ordinaryhigh land, cut.
and wa.i In ^hOlk .Sept. lOlh. We made from
one gal. planted, 12 barrels of good corn.
Price— 1 peck 76c.: ;^bus. $ l.BO ; I bus. $2.50.

Pride of Cottage Valley.

A large earel, deep grained Early White
Corn with 16 to 34 rows on a cob and .stalks i;!
to 15 feel high ; usiiiilly two ears to the stalk
and yieldlns; an abundance of fodder. Tblt
Com Is very productive and makes the besi
table meal.

Price— I peck 45c.; Hbut. 85c.; ! bus. $1.26.

Early Yellow Variety

Popularly known as Huron Dent. Most per-
rect-shapert earand most reliable Early Yellow-
Corn ever Introduced. Planted May lOth. cut,
and In shock by the latter part of .\ngusl.
Price— 1 peck 30o.; J-^bus. 60c.; 1 bus. $1 00.

Snow White Dent.

It has medium ear,", and grows very large
compactcloseset grains, well filled out thec<)l)
being medium size, very while, and requirln"
grains to span it, and weighing about 7}4 lbs

Ser70lb.s. of ears. Another point, .Snow White
ent matures a good yield duiing droughty
years, growing along side of oiher corn that
makes lili e or nothing. Taking all points
Into consideration, Snow White Dent is the
^,?'^*L "■'''!;? variety for millingand allother
FilTl?"*"'- J"'^*^ "'«'■« ^'■o """-e than 30
artlc es made from white corn, and Snow
White Dent is the best one for all purposes
..,i.^i"" '■^'.""- ',"" hest white corn in America.
^hi?!^'"^'"?r'^*'* '"'»''''^« by planting Snow
« ^it^n"?^- /''«year 1901 was the flrlttimc
it was ollered for sale by any one, when It
hn^KS,"' '•^'^ '?7 '^"'•"nd no more' than one
bushel was sold a ►ingle customer. We are
now able to olTer It in quautitv. but in any
event, solicit early orders, as there promise?

^rn^dnrln''*.''*.''*""";'* '"' '^" '«"«'ty <>' 8ee<i

^«r« ^, r" the coming season than for many
fo deX^^J^* 'r """'■" "^* right at all times
to decline orders for more than one bushel.

Price- r peck 45c. : 1$ bus. 8Bc.; I bus $1.50.

ob^t^rnedTasTll^.r''f*'^ ^'Z"- ^he seed were
meni l^„r. L'h?"^ '"",? KP'toralst Eiperi-

sif^grfs'j3°o:i't''s:sss;'"i-i,^-^:;t?tU?n^Nfc:

W. RtrSSELL, Abbyville, Va.

"Feeds ?^™^ Feeding"

Prof. Henry's Great Book for

Farmers and Stockmen.

Delivered anywhere for - - |2 00

With the 80DTHERN PLANTER, 2-26

CONFERENCE FOR EDUCATION
IN THE SOUTH.

The Sixth Session of the Confer-
ence for Education in the South will
be opened in Richmond on the after-
noon of Wednesday, April 22d, and
will close on the evening of the 24th.

The decision to hold the Conference
this year in Richmond was reached
only after the Executive Committee
had given careful and respectful con-
sideration to the invitations from a
number of representative Southern
cities. The invitation to Richmond
was cordially and earnestly presented
by the Richmond Education Associa-
tion, the Richmond Chamber of Com-
merce, the Governor of Virginia, the
Legislature, the State Department of
Education, the University of Virginia,
Washington and Lee University, and
many other representative institu-
tions of the Commonwealth.

The conference will open for organ-
ization in Richmond on the afternoon
of April 22d, in the Academy of Mu-
sic, on Eighth street, between Grace
and Franklin streets. The formal
opening will occur on the evening of
the 22d, at which time the Hon. A.
J. Montague, Governor of Virginia, will
deliver the address of welcome, and
Mr. Robert C. Ogden will present the
annual address of the president.

The interest of the programme will
continue until its close on the evening
of the 24th. Representative educa-
tor=. statesmen, men of letter,? and
men of affairs will be present from
every section of the country. Much
importance will be given to such sub-
jects as agricultural and technical
education, and there will be opportu-
nity for informal discussion of such
topics as the consolidation of schools
and the improvement of public school-
houses and school surroundings. The
conference has always been especially
interested in the problem.s connected
with the rural school.

The local arrangements as to the
meetins: are in the hands of the Exec-
utive Committee of the Richmond
Education Association. P. O. Box G88,
Richmond. Va. The programme, in
full, will be published at an early
date. The plans for the week will
include a public service in memory of
Dr. Curry.

Arrangem.ents as to reduced fares
over the railroads, and as to hotel
and boarding-honse accommodations.
will be announced within a few days.

NO HUSHIBUG.

FARMER BRICHTON/FAIRFIELoi lOWA^ |

M. W. Savage has refused an offer
of $70,000 for Dan Patch. The fa-
mous pacer cost Mr. Savage $fi0.000
about three months ago. He bought
the stailion in New York city, and
now eastern men are so anxious to
get him back that they telegraphed
the offer.

Horsemen doiibt whether Mr. Sav-
age would entertain any proposition
for the pet of his stock farm. At anv
rate, the strong Increase of $10,000 in

A Pachage of the Famous

American Stock Food

FREE.

Send us the names of ten of the best
farmers and slock raisers in your vi-
cinity, and we will mail you. post-paid,
a sample package of American Stock
Food.

THIS IS THE GOMIN] STOCK FOOD.

Every package guaran'eed.

Every fu l-<ized package has on It
picture of Uncle Sam. None genuine
witbout.

AMERICAN STOCK FOOD CO , Fremont. Ohio.

150 Jacks, Jennets S Mules ISO

Best assortment I
ever owned. Can
suit you exactly.

^Vrite for descrip-
tion and pi ices.

Also will sell two
Percherou stallions
at close figures.
BAKER'S lACK FARM,

Lawrence. Indiana.

PINE JACKS

Mulfs areeqnal t« Gold OolUrs. from

jouih to old age." Several ulce ones

and 2 very line Jennetts for sale. Buy

Jack now and get him ready f,jr spring.

Write your wants to

L. L. THOHAS.
722 W. Campbell Ave., . Roanoke. Va.

JACKS and JENNETS

FOR SALE.

Enclose 2 ceni stamp for
new catalogue.
W E KNIGHT & CO.,

R F D. 5 Nashville, Tann.

^

For Sale —

Registered and Grades. " One to carload

lots." Pairs. flO.no : trios, 817.00.

Wilie for carload prices.

JEREMY IMfMOvEMtNT CO.,

INOORA GOATS ^;«fl^.«??^'"?.« ^^ras^<i

I'niar addr

For large cl>
B:g Cllfly. Ky

"HARVEST FOR HUSTLING AGENTS. Send .30o.
for sample corn sheller. Just out. Illustrated
catalogue of quick s lUng goods furnished
free. S.u hern Noveily Works, Ru hn-.ord, Va "

1903.]

THE SOUTHERN PLANTER.

277

QRANITE POULTRY YARDS.

EGGS! EGGS! EGGS!

From fine laying strain of

Barred Plymouth Rocks

And

Silver Laced Wyandottes.

I will scDd you nice, fresh layed Eggs, and
All your order promptly. Eggs 81 per sitting
of 15, at express oflice, Salisbury, N. C. No
more birds fir sale at present.

Mrs JOHN D. A. FISHER,

R. F. D. No 3, Salisbury, N. C.

PURE BRED, PRIZE-WINNING

^ FOWLS ^

MAMMOTH BRONZE TURKEYS.

We have the wiaoing pen of Madison
Square Garden Show. Gobbler weigtis 45
lbs. ; beus, 26 lbs.
PEKIN DUCKS. . .

Prlze-winnlug drake at Philadelphia and
New York Madison Square Garden. Young
ducks weigh 14 lbs. per pair.
PLYMOUTH ROCKS, Barred and White.
WHITE HOLLAND TURKEYS.
t,.- A limited number fowls and Eggs for Sale.
Also pure bred POL.\ND CHINAS, SHET-
LAND PON IBS. HORSES, and RED POLLED
CATTLE, the milk, butter and beef breed.
ALBEMARLE PROLIFIC SEED CORN.

ARROWHEAD STOCK FARM,
Sam'l B. Woods, Prop. Charlottesville, Va.

iToLLYBROIIK FARM

Eggs I Incubators

We can name a spefial low price on
Barred Plymouth Hock Esgs, flrst-cl iss
stock, in 100 lots and over, for Incuba-
tor use. Write for price, slating num-
ber required.

HENRY W. WOOD,
Hollybrook Farm. P. 0. Box 330. RICHMOND, VA

We also have a 'ew flrst-elass Pullets of Sif
ver-Laced Wyandottes for sale: Price, 81.50
each.

The Racket Poultry Farms,

A. S. JOHNSON, Man., Parksley, Va.

Breeder of High-c'ass Land and Water Fowls.
Black Langshaks, Rhode Island Reds,
S. C. Brown Leghorns, Toulouse Geese,
Pekin Ducks and Belgian Hares.
Geese eggs, 25cLs, each Langshaus, Rhode
Island Reds, 81.25 sitting, others. 81.00. Our
birds are bred from winners at largest shows,
and have the range of three farms. Satisfac-
tory guarantee.

E'CS-GS EGG-S EGGS

That will hatch out Dollars. Not real
dollars, but Turkeys and Chickens of the best
strains in this country, which will net the
owner more real dollars of profit than any
others I handle " Nothing but the Best" In
my line. My prices are higher than some
others, but the quality more than makes the
difference. National strain. Mammoth Bronze
Turkeys, sitting 13 82. National strain, Barred
Plymouth Chickens, sitting 15, $l..50.

PIEDMONT POULTRY PLACE,

MIssE.Calle Giles, Prop.. Whittle's Depot, Va.

the market price within the short
space of 100 days was not too great
a temptation.

Tuesday morning Dan Patch will be
removed from the Savage private
stable on Portland avenue to the In-
ternational Stock Food Farm on the
Jlinnesota river. An arrival of in-
terest yesterday at the farm from
Pleasanton, Kan., was the first Dan
Patch colt to be brought to Minne-
sota. Mr. Savage has bought a half
interest in the stud colt and he will
live at the farm. The colt was
foaled January Gth and $1,000 was
offered for him before he finished his
first day. The colt is named "Young
Dan." His first dam was Cedar
Belle and his grandmother Oleta.

Henceforth "Savage" will be a sta-
tion on the Omaha road. The offi-
cials have notified Rlr. Savage that
they will call the farm station Sav-
age hereafter instead of Hamilton. —
From Minneapolis Journal, March 14,
1903.

LEGHIRH POJ-TRY YARDS

GOOD ROADS vs. WIDE TIRES.

Tue question of good road-making
is now being agitated pretty generally
throughout the United States. In this
connection we are glad to note that
wide tires are coming into promi-
nence. This is just as it should be,
because if there Is one thing that con-
tributes to make a good road it is a
broad tire.

Sn UI I FflUnDUO Pure stock. Bred to
. b. If. LtuHUnNo. lay. Egg8.81 per 20.
IDEAL POULTRY YARDS, Kopp, Va.

We reproduce herewith, by the cour-
tesy of the Electric Wheel Co., Quincy,
111, a cut, which shows the relative
advantage of the broad over the nar-
row tire. The advantage of the former
is apparent to all, as, in addition to
making good roads, it reduces the
draught, thereby making the load
much lighter on the horses.

The above company makes all kind
of metal wheels, and has some in-
teresting literature, which it will send
free to any one requesting it.

Address them at Box 146, Quincy,
111.

Have for sale a limited number ol Single
Comb Brown and White Leghorn Pullets and
Boosters. Best layers known. Prize-winning
stock. Price, $1.00 to S1.50each. Eggs In season
at 81.00 for 16 ; 85 00 per 100. Satisfaction guar-
anteed. Address

A T. MATTHEWS, Box 36, Parksle>, Va.

BROWN LEGHORNS

(Single Comb.)

Eggs firora prize winners and good layers 81.60
per sitting. Reduction on larger lots.

WHITE PLYMOUTH ROCKS

R. W. HAW, Jr., • Cenfralia, Va.

EGGS FOR HATCHING

From White Holland Turkeys, White

Plymouth Rock and Rose Comb

White Leghorns.

White piymduth Rocks are the best all pu^
pose fowls. My stock is of the finest strains.
K. C. W. Leghorns are the champion layers.
Neat Rose Combs do not freeze. Send for
circular. Mrs. LIZZIE DYER, Versailles, Tenn.

A CHANGE.
"Well," said Noah, as he hunted for
a dry spot on the top of Ararat, "a lot
of people came down to the pier to josh
us when we started, but I don't see
any of them around to poke fun at our
home-coming." — Liie.

Eggs for Hatching

Toulouse Goose eggs, J2 per doz.; Barred and
White Rock,«, S. L. Wyandottes, Brown Leg.
horns, S. and R. C. S. C. White Leghorns 75c.
per sitting of 15. A few more Leghorn Cocke,
rels left, ?1 each. j.b. JOHNSON,

Clover Hill farm. Manassass, VA.

To makecowi pay, use Sharpies Crtam Separalori.
Book "Business Dairying " & Cat. 305 free. W.
Chester, Pa.

•^^ EGGS 1^

BARRED PLYMOf TH ROCK, S C. B.

LEGHUKN.S.

Biltmoreand Thompson strains.

SI per 15 ; prompt attention.
MRS. UNO F. PAYNE,
Clairmont Dairy Farm. Unl>ersity of Va.

Barred Plymouth Rocks

EXCLUSIVELY

Strong, healthy, vigorous, tarm-raised
stock; bied for laying; 75ctB. per setting.

WM. B. Lewis, Irby, Nottoway Co., V«.

278

THE SOUTHERN PLANTER.

[April

-F B O M-

WHITE HOLLANDTURKEYS

J2.25for9; U.ODtor 18.

WHITE PLYMOUTH ROCKS

»1.25forl3; $2.25 for 30.

Packed and f. o. b. Kxpiess Office.

JOHN A. CI-ARK. - SHIRLEY. VA.

Home of High-breds.

Even the besi Is never too good,
you'd better buy of me.
FANCIERS STOCK AT FARMERS PRICES.
Duroc-Jerseys, the best nil purpose hog!
also Poland-China* ; 8 P. Rocka, M. B.
Turkeys ana M. P. DucKs. Ems lu .■reason.
THE CEDARS WIW. O OWENS,

P. and S. FARM. Midlothian, Va.

BUFF ORPINGTON

EGGS FOR SALE.

This wonderrul-laylng and general utility
fowl Is taking the day. Eggs, »1 per 15. Good
batch guaranteed. Will prepay expre-s on 83
orders. .. qccONEECHEE FARM," Jeflress, Va

FINE ILLUS-
TRATED
I CATALOG
for stamp.
If you men-
thls paper.
All poultry

32 Varieties
Best Poultry

keepers should have It. JHO. E. HEATWOLE,
Harrisonburg, Virginia.

EGGS FOR HATCHING.

White Wyandottes, Barred Plymouth
Rocks, S. C. WhitB Leghorns and Pekin
Ducks. Prize winners at New York, Bos-
ton, Philadelphia. Cleveland, Hageretown,
Pan-American and Charleston. Some ex-
tra fine stock for sale. For prices and de-
scription, address

LEWIS E. BENEDICT, Proprlelor
Meadowvdle Farm. • Lulhervllle. Md.

Barred, Buff and White P. Rocks, Light
Brahraas, White Wyandottes, Buff Coch-
ins, Partridge Cochins, Black Langshan,
Black Minorca, S. C. Brown Leghorns and
B.C. White Leghorns. Stock for sale cheap.
Prize winner eggs, $1 f >r 15. A hatch of %,
or order duplicated at half price.

OAKLAND POULTRY FARM. Ruffin, N. C.
Box 5. 0. J. Warrlner. Manager.

EGGS FOR HATCHING.

Purebred B. P. Rock. Black Minokca,
B. C. B. Leghokn. Fine stock, excellent
layers. I guarantee eggs to be true to
name, fresh, and to arrive in good condi-
tion. 75 cts. per 15, $2 per 45, H per 100
Miss S. M. HITER, Eillsvllle. Louisa Co.. Va.

WHITE WYANDOTTES
and BUFF P. ROCKS.

Beautiful birds, and grand layers.

Cockerels, 8I..50 each.

Eggs, $1 per 13 ; 8.5 per 100.

EDGEMONT POULTRY YARDS, Liberty Mills. Va.

EGGS FOR SALE

From purebred S. C. B. LEGHORNS,
SI per 15 ; $5 per 100.

Mrs. B. D. CHANDLER, R. F. 0.. Charloltetvllle, Va

NATIONAL AID TO ROAD BUILD-
ING.

BY J. B. KILLEBREW.

There is no questioning the fact
that the subject of road building is
engaging the attention of the people
of the United States to a greater ex-
tent than ever before in the history of
the country. Not only is the subject
discussed in every county, township,
and civil district, but the Legislatures
of the several States are beginning to
listen to the coming storm of public
applause or public indignation by de-
vising methods to improve the roads.
But by far the most important, be-
cause the most comprehensive, move-
ment inaugurated is that of the bill
presented to Congress by the Hon. W.
P. Brownlow, of Tennessee. In its
scope this bill provides for national aid
in road improvement to every politi-
cal division or sub-division of the
country. Section 12 of the bill pro-
vides "that one-half of the expenses
of the construction shall be paid by
the Treasurer o f the United States
upon the warrant of the Comptroller,
issued upon the requisition of the Di-
rector of said Bureau, out of any spe-
cific appropriations made to carry out
the provisions of this act, and one-
half of the expenses thereof shall be
paid by the State or political sub-
division thereof making application
for the co-operation provided for; pro-
vided, that nothing herein shall be con-
strued to prevent the State or politi-
cal sub-division thereof from distribu-
ting the said half so that the State
may pay a portion, the county a por-
tion, and the owners of the land abut-
ting upon said road another portion.
And provided further, that no money
be advanced by the United States in
payment of its portion of the cost of
construction as provided for, except
as the work of actual construction pro
gresses, and in no case shall the pay-
ment or payments made thus prior
to the completion of the work be in
excess of 80 per centum of the value
of the work performed, but in all cases
20 per centum must be held until the
completion of the work according to
the plans and specifications and to
the satisfaction of the Director of said
Bureau."

This is a wise provision, and will
put every community upon its mettle.
Those that are imbued with the spirit
of progress and improvement will not
hesitate to avail themselves of this
assistance in building good roads. The
passage of this bill will be a distinc-
tive and era-making event In the legis-
lation of the country. To one who
properly considers all the benefits that
will accrue to the nation and to all its
citizens by the passage of this bill, it
must be conceded that no other legis-
lation has ever been fraught with so
much good for the people and with
such grand possibilities. Say what we
please about the influence of public
schools, the press, the pulpit, the plat-

Cramer's Poultry Yards

Hatching Eggs frr m m yl30 pure-
bred Si I ver L. wy an dottes at 75c per
sitting of 15. 84.1 0 per 100 eggs.

JOHN CRAMER, - South Boston, Va.

WiNTED AT ONCE

OLD LIVE PIGEONS

In any quantity.
W. C LYNHAM, 4I2W Marshall St., Richmond, Va.

BLACK MINORCA EGGS

(iO ctp. per i^etling of 15-

Mrs. X. 0. HILL, Huoii P. 0 , Louisa Co , Va.

EGGS FOR HATCHING.

From ciioice, iiigh scoring, B. and
W. Plymouth Rocks, «2 a sitting.
% From good, purebred B. Leghorns
'-' ano B. Plymoutli Kocks, $1 a sit-
ting, 83.50 per SO. H. A. KUHNS, Atlanta, Ga.

ECrCrS FOR SA.I.E.

M. B. Turkey, 8.3 per doz.; Pekin Duck, SI
perdoz.; White Wyandotte, Ji for 13: B. P.
Rock, 81 for 13; S. C. B. Leghorn, Jl for 16.

Miss Clara L. Smith, Croxton, Carotin* Co, Vi.

Barred P. Rocks S. G. B. and W. Leghorns.

15 eggs, tl ; 30, 81.7.5. Pekin Ducks— U

eggs, $1 ; 22, 81.75. 8a isfaction

guaranteed.

Rev. J. W HECKMAN, SpoHsilvaiila, Va.

SILVER WYANDOTTES

EXCLUSIVELY.
Famous "Blue Grass" Strain; none finer.
Eggs, 81 per 13 ; 82 per 30. 22 years a breeder
and shipper. g p 70DER. Denljigh, Va.

EGGS FOR SALE

From purebred

W. F. FLANAGAN, Chrlstlansburgr, Va.

BARRED AND BUFF

PLYMOUTH ROCKS.

FRED NUSSEY,

Summit, Spottsylvania Co., Va.

White Leghorns.

Egg;Record, 2,213 eggs in one 3 ear ,
m from eighteen heus.|

— '—F.yps-lta'npr 15 ; J5 per 60. MIRB """

. Write for circularito-day. "•({J
C. G.|M.;fINK, 1409tW. Lelgh|St..;:Rlchmond,:Va.

From prize-winning matingb
BARRED and WHITE PLYMOUTH ROCK,
WHITE WYANDOTTE and BLACK MIN-
ORCA. Reduced rates to secure widest
patronage— 81.00 per 13.
KENTON POULTRY FARM, Olenadale, IWd.

EGGS

B:A:R:R;EJ3t ■.PjU.YJVI.O U.TH R OC.K

^ E: G- G S o(

From the Sonnyside winter laying strain'of
ri n glct s. Ji per 15. » 1 .90 per 30. 83 per .50. Incu-
bator Eges, 83 per 100. No. C. O. D shipmenta
to any one. SUNNYSIDE POULTRY FARM,

Reference: Mpw Chrlstlansburg, Va.

Bank of Cbrlstlaneburg.

1903.]

THE SOUTHERN PLANTER.

279

S. C. BROWN LEGHORNS

Long bred for fine plumaee, strong Tltallty
and laying qualities. One bitting of 16 eggs
75 ots.: two sittings of 32 eggs, 81.25; per 100
eggB, J3.50. Address
J. N. HANGER, - Lasley, Va.

PIT GAMES

Ked Horses. Eggs, $1 50 per sitting (15).

Also a few Red Horse and Irish Red Cocks

for tale at reasonable prices.

A. S. CRAVEN, - Greenwood, Va.

BLACk DEVILS and RED HORSES.

These Cocks won 90 per et. of battles fougln

In 1901 and 1902, and have never lost a battle

when gameness and cutting qualities could

win. Kggs, 82 per sitting and stock for sale.

THUS. W. JARMAN, Yancey Mills, Va.

M. B. TURKEY EGGS

From extra heavy weights and brilliant

glumage, 83 doz. B. P. Rock and Peklu Duck
Iggs 61 per 15. Pedigreed Scotch Collie Pups
$5 each. 8 mos. male Collie partly trained $10.
C. H. BENNETT, - Qoodman, Va.

ALL KINDS OF

LIVE WILD BIRDS AND ANIMALS.

Particularly Wild Turkeys, White
Squirrels, Ducks, Swans, Etc.

CECIL FRENCH,

7 1 8 Twellth St. N. W., Waslilngton, D. C.

RIVER VIEW POULTRY FARM.

EGGS FOR HATCHING

From purebred B. P. R. My hens weigh
from 8 to 10 lbs. and cocks from 10 to 12 lbs., at
1 yr. old. I handle only B. P. Rocks, and they
are farm range. Price per sitting, $1 for 15,
81.50 for 30, 82 for 45

M. E. ANDREWS, Hurt, Va.
One-half mile from Depot. On Southern R'y.

MAWKSLEV STOCK FARH.

Large ENGLISH BERKSHIRES
B. P. ROCKS FOWLS,

Eggs from same, $1 per 13.
J. T. OLIVER, Allen's Level, Va.

FOR Sikl.£:.

Large English Berkshire Hogs,
Barred Plymouth Rock Chickens

BEN. BOLT, 60747, 430 lbs. as a yearling at
head of herd. .»-EGGS IN SEASON.

JOHN P. FOSTER, Nocreek, Ohio Co., Ky.

...A BARGAIN...

1 DE L&VAL CRANK

HUMMING BIRD SEPARATOR,

275 lbs. capac, In perfect order. Price, $50.

1 SHARPIES SAFETY HAND SEPARATOR,

Capac, 300 lbs.. In need of slight repairs.
Price, »25.

W. B. GATES,

RICE DEPOT, VA.

form, and other institutions that mark
the civilized progress of mankind,
yet all these are more or less depen-
dent upon the facilities of intercourse
between the people. In fact, it is an
undeniable truth that civilization
means labor in some form, and labor
is the ability to move things from
place to place, and its efficiency de-
pends upon the ease with which they
are moved. No nation has ever yet
achieved permanent renown without
good roads, or ever built them and
regretted it afterwards. No commu-
nity in possession of good roads would
be willing to surrender them upon
the repayment of their cost and main-
tenance. Of all the expenditures made
by aggregated bodies or by govern-
ment agencies, while it may not be the
least felt, it produces the greatest
good and the greatest satisfaction to
the greatest number. Everybody uses
good roads — the millionaire and the
beggar, the black and the white, the
lame and the blind, women and chil-
dren— all enjoy and participate in the
advantages and blessings of good
roads. They are the morning star of
progress; they are the fountain heads
of trade and commerce; they are the
avenues over which pass the main
agencies for the dissemination of
knowledge and the increase of Intelli-
gence, as well as the enjoyments of
social intercourse in rural life. They
provide the means for the performance
of public duty; of reaching local mar-
kets or shipping points on the rail-
ways. They serve more country peo-
ple in the aggregate than the railroads
themselves.

This bill of Mr. Brownlow's is most
timely. The rapid extension of the
rural free delivery system, now cover-
ing 300,000 square miles, and destined
in the near future to be extended to
the 40,000,000 people living in the ru-
ral districts, make good roads a ne-
cessity. Why should the United
States, that has attained supremacy
over all other nations in wealth and
in a world-wide influence in commerce
and diplomacy, hesitate to enter upon
a work that will bind its citizens to it
with a loyalty exceeding the loyalty
of the people of any other nation
whatever? Why hesitate to do that
which every person desires to be done
in some way? Why hesitate, when
good roads are the most Important fac-
tors in carrying out the wise provis-
ions for increasing the intelligence
of its citizenship through rural free
delivery? No other highly civilized
nation on earth has so many bad roads
as the United States. England,
France, Germany, Spain, Italy — all
have good roads.

This government belongs to the peo-
ple. They Instituted It for their own
welfare. They are the rulers. Con-
gress Is but one of the agencies they
have created to provide for their
wants and to execute their will. There
is no constitutional barrier to the

MARKET TOPPERS FOR SALE, LOW.

k!^?^^W^""

One thoroughbred Angus cow, unregistered,
coming 3 yrs., wil h heifer calf at foot. i

Four three- fourths Angus heifers, two coming
3 yrn., two coming 4 yrs., bred to reg. An-
gus bull.

Four seven-eighths Angus heifers, coming 2
yrs., bred to reg. Angus bull.

Three seven-eighths Angus heifers, coming
I yrr

Four one-half Angus heifers, coming 1 yr. ,

One bull calf, out of a thoroughbred Shorthorn
cow. by a reg. Angus bull.

One 9-mos.-old reg. Angus bull.

One 12-mos.-C'ld reg. Angus heifer. ""■'I

All of the above cattle are black, and as well

polled as a thoroughbred An^us, ,j\j

One fine reg. Angus Bull Calf, 5 mos. old.; i

One pair Bay Mares, with black points, com-
ing 5 yjs. old. Weight, 1,200 lbs. each.
Well broken to harness and ail farm ma-
chinery. An ideal farm team. Heavy-
enough for farm work and active enough
for good drivers, and gentle enough for
anybody to handle. If sold very soon, will
take $325., which Is very cneap.
Address W. M. WATKINS tc SON,

Cottage Valley Stock Farm,

Randolph, Charlotte Co. , Va.

The RICHMOND, FREDERICKSBURG

and POTOMAC R. R.
and WASHINGTON SOUTHERN R'Y

Form the Link connecting the

Atlantic Cost Line R. R.,

Baltimore and Ohio R. R.,

Chesapeake and Oliio R'y,

Pennsylvania R. R.,

Seaboard Air Line R'y

and Southern R'y.

Between all points, via Richmond, Va.

Fast Mall, Passenger ard Express Route^b©-
tween Richmond, Fredericksburg, Alexan-
dria, Washington, Baltimore. Philadelphia,
New York, Boston, Pittsburg, Buffalo and All
Points North, East and West. ~~^

W. P. TAYLOR, Traffic Manager. Richmond, Vi.

WHISKEY

4 full quarts Corn Whiskey 10 years old, 13.50
i " " " " 6 " " 2.50

4 " •' " ■' Private Stock,

20 years old, for Invalids and other

loved ones 6.00

Or win ship the 12 qts. named above for Sll.OO
Plain packages. Express paid. Purest
and Best Whiskey, and Oldest House
In America. Established 1768—135 years
ago. Just as Corn-bread Is more whole-
some and pa'atable than Rye bread —
Sowlth the Whiskey— go say all Docton
—try It and be convinced. Nothing on
earth so beneficial to weak lungs as thU
mountain beverage.

THE OLD NICK WILLIAMS CO.,
Lock Box No. 1 1. Williams, N. C.

280

THE SuUTilEUN PLANTER.

[April

gERKSHIREg

ANNEFIELD HERD

Represents the

Finest Blood Lines

In Eng and or America.

Stock for sale at all times.

J Correspondence Solicited. >

^ Inspection Invited. J

J EDW. Q. BUTLER, Annefieid Farms. >

$ Brlgga, Clarke Co , Va, C

Farm Bulletin

Splendkl ANGUS BULL for sale.
1 year old in April.

We are now booking ordei-s for
DoRSKT Ra.m Lambs. No more
Berkshire Pigs now.

D. 0. NOURSE, Prof, of A?r.
Blacksburg, Va.

Woodland
Farm^*-

DORSETS

Of 18 rarus, 9 to 14 mos. old, we now bave
on hand. 4 are not quite good enougb to be^d
any berd in llie United Slates, Tbc best
ram Harding could find in England now
beads our fliK-k. .\re buying a few ewes;
none to sell, but are booking orders for October
diopped ewe lambs.

WOODLAND FARM, Mechanlcsburg. 0.
(J. E. Wing, Willis O. Wing, Chas. B. Wing.)

FOR SALE-A SPLENCID YOUNG

y. bred, sired liv the fluest Hereford bull in
Virginia, and probably in the U. S. His dam
was also sired bv a ii.agniflcent big rangy
Hereford of royal breeding. This young bull
will point with any thoroughbred, and for
crosKbreedlngisfully as valuable. He weighed
500 lbs. all nios. audi>50 lbs. at (i iimg. He Is In
perfectconditlon, having wintered splendidly,
and is nowl year old. For further partlculp.rs
and price address,

W. C REED, P 0 Box 26, Richmond, Va

FOR s.A.r.E:.
S Reg. HEREFORD BULLS

From li iiios. to \\ yrp. old.

8 Reg HEIIFEFIS

from 6 to IS mos. old. At reasonable prices.
HAYFIELOS STOCK FARM, Cockersvllle. Md,

DOJ^SETSAND
HEREFORDS

H. ARMSTRONG, - Lantz^Mllis, Va.

building of roads. The same clause
iu the Constitution that authorizes
tiie establishment of post-offices au-
thorizes the establishment of post-
luads. These two constitutional be-
tlowments are co-ordinate branches
created for the accomplishment of the
same great end — that is, the conveni-
tuce and happiness of the people. But
aside from the necessity of building
good highways for the better distribu-
tion of the mails through rural dis-
tricts, It should be borne in mind that
the agricultural classes, while doing
more to sustain the credit of the gov-
ernment and the financial strength of
its people than all other classes com-
bined, have had the smallest appro-
priations made for their immediate
benefit. The urban population have
long been provided, at the expense of
the government, with messengers for
the delivery of mail. The shipping
interests have had the harbors and riv-
ers improved to expedite their busi-
ness. The cities have been provided
with post-office buildings, the archi-
tectural beauty and cost of which sur-
pass those of any other nation. Rail-
roads have made use of the credit of
the government. Iron masters have
depended upon the government to con-
struct great locks and dams for facili-
tating the assembling of the materials
at cheap rates for making iron. The
tariff laws have been shaped to benefit
the manufacturers. No sane man ob-
jects to the majority of such appro-
priations. They are needed to foster
and increase the commerce of the na-
tion. But are they more important
to the great mass of citizens than good
roads through the country? Such
roads cheapen food and clothing, ex-
tend trade, make many commodities
valuable that are valueless without
them, save time, and, indeed, improve
the opportunities of every citizen,
whether he lives in the town or coun-
try or is a sailor on the wide ocean.
Good roads through the rural dis-
tricts would relieve the congestion of
population in the great cities. Country
life, with its moral influences, would
be made attractive and pleasant. The
dens of vice in the cities would be de-
prived of much of their malign influ-
ence. Homes would be sought after
by thousands who now live in squalor
in tenement houses in the cities. In
short, through government aid in the
establishment of good roads, every
phase and every feature of business,
social and educational life, would be
immeasurably advanced.

YOUR MONEY BACK IF YOU'RE
XOT SATISFIED.
Do you suppose that a company, with
a capital of $500,000.00 paid in full
and the proud reputation of thirty-six
years of continuous success, would
make such an offer and not carry it
out to the letter? Do you suppose we
would jeopardize our standing with
the public and our chances of still
greater success by failing to fulfil any

MEADOWVALE FARM

OFFERS Fi^R SALE SOME CHOICE

JERSEY and GUERNSEY CATTLE,
BERKSHIRE SWINE. WHITE WY-
ANDOTTES, BARRED PLYMOUTH
ROCKS and WHITE LEGHORNS.

The catile offered consist of Young Cows,
Yearling Heiiers, Heifer and Bull Otlves and
Bulla old enough for service. Berkshireaof all
ages and both sexes. The poultry is all fine
breeding st(H*k and healthy.

Meadowvale Farm has won In the past tbre*
years over 600 First and Special Prizes at the
Leading Fairs and Expositions; Including,
New Y'ork, Boston, Philadelphia, Higerstown,
Pan-.Muerican and Charleston. Foi- Descrip-
tion, Pedigree and Prices, address
LEWIS E. BENEDICT. Prop. , Lutherville, Md.

ELLERSLIE FARM-^.-^.
Thoroughbred Horses

AND SHORTHOnN G&TTLE,

Pure Southdown Sheep
. and Berkshire Pigs.

?0B Sale. B. J. HANCOCK & SON,
Charlottesville, Va.

EAST RIVER SIDE

SHORTHORNS

FOR sA.r.E:.

Two red heifer calves to be
shippei about May 1st.
Address
JAMES F. ILEMMER, - Snmmerdean, Va

COOK'S CREEK HERD,

Scotch-Topped
Shorthorns ^^

Herd Headed by Governor Tyler, 158518
Young Bulls and Heifers for sale. Inspection
and correspondence invited,
HEATWOLE & SUTER, Dale Enterprise, Va,

SHORTHORN BULL CALVES from 3 lo 10
mos. old. Close desceudauls <)f the World's
Fair greatest winners In 18!1.3, and also up
lothepreeuttime. POLAND-CHINA PIGS
of the best and most 'ashlonable breeding.
Pedigrees furnished with all stock sold.
Eggs for hatching from M. B. TURKEYS
ano B. P. ROCKS. Come . r Write.

WM. T. THRASHER, - Springwood, Va.

VIRGINIA VALLEY HERO

Of Reffistered Shorthorn Cattle.

Choice yoangbull,c>ws.and heifers bred.

Also Foland-China Hogs and Barred

Plymouth Rock Chickens.

Prices Reasonable.

HENRY BLOSSER, Harkisosbcro, Va.

P. Chinas

Berkshire,
C. Whites. Fine large
strains. All ages, mated
not akin, 8 week. pigs.

Bred sows. Service boars ' _ _ _ _

and Poultry. Write for prlcesandfreecircular.
P. F. HAMILTON, CochranvlUe, Chester Co., Pa.

l'.()3]

1 VIII 1 1 1 1 1 e

THE SOUTHERN PLANTER.

I I I i I I I I I i

281

hTTThiT^

ENGLISH STOCKMEN LIKE

3 PEEDS m ONE CENT

WESTON COYNEY HALL.
Nr. Longton.

Staffordshire, England.

International Stock Food Co.,
Minneapolis, Minn.

Dkar Sirs: — I have pleasure in handing you remittance to cover
your invoice for "International Stock Food.'* I have given it a thorough trial on
my horses, both drivers and draft, and I find it justifies all you claim for it in
every way. All my stock are in exceptional condition this year and this I
attribute to the use of *' Internationftl Stock Food." I tender you my sympathy
for the loss you have sustained by the death of Online 2:04, a loss which will
be felt by the whole of your district. I had great success in tny experiment of
crossing the French Coach Horse with the American Trotter, the result being a
fine heavy harness horse. I am, sirs, Yours faithfully,

F. J. RIDGWAY.

We will Pay you $1,000 CASH to Prove that our Testimoaials are not Genuine.

"INTERHATIORAL STOCK FOOD" ^^3 #£EDS vos 0IT1S CENT=gS ta Prepared ffOM Rooto, H»rbs, Sceda and Barks andWcn the Eigheet M«dal at Paris Eipositioa In 1900*9*
High-Cla^B vegetable, medicinal preparation to bo fed to itock in aiuall amounts as an nddltion to the regular feed. It fa a Great Aid in Growing or Fattening stock beoauia W
Incretues the appetit* and Aids DiRcetioti and Asntrailation bo that each animal obtains morg nutrition from tho grain eaten. We positively guarantee thnt its use will make yoa
•itra money over the osual Plan of Growing and Fattening otcck. international SLoek FooJ" can bo fed in aafoty t» Horssi, Cattle, Shesp, Qoats. Hogs, Colts, Calvee, Lambs or Pigj.

' " ~ - . . . enting medicinal ingredients wilhyonrUwBfoodat every meal. Salt i« a stomach tome and worm

■Ungredienta almost with every mouthful of your
_. o,._-.. m.-. J.. _ _ ^_- g vegetahlo medicinal

I Systei
irdisare

) health a

medicine, Pcppei

foed, and it i* proven tnat

iBfrediontB that arejustftss . „___.._

ia endorsed by Every High Class Farm Paper. Itpnrifics the blood, sti_.
Btoek F»o<" Is boM on a "Spot Cash tiaaraatee" by Vitiy Thousai
It will mak* yonr Pin or Ho^ grow Amactaslr and has the large:
iKlUtloo* ! So Chembt Ma Hpu-at« *U tbe OUTerent powdered Hot

dy for dyspepsia. Vinegar is a diuretic. You eat'these mod
strength for people and improve their digestion. "International Stock Food
gular feed of your stock if you desire to keep them in tbo beslposaiblo conditii

nd permanently a

throughoQt ih© World. 0r\oTiT't,loue-

■ - •• - rovsnlmgH.- h

no; Any One i

hod

Gftle in tha World for .

, Uerb^, Barks and Seeds that

i that c

viU\ be Prorr

iaterDatlunal 8took Food'
9 prevented or cured. "International
tly pLefunded in Any case of failara.
ware of the many Cheap and Inferior

A SMOMa STOGIi B(M>K^^ f ^^^

IT CONTAINS 183 LARGE ENGIAVINGS OF flORSES. CATTLE, SHEEP, POULTRY, ETC.

A* CaTer of this Book it a Beaatiful Live Stock Picture ^Prlote^ in Six BrIUlBBt C-olort. Book is 6k by 9}.j. See engraTtngfor
greatly reduced design of cover. It ecat ds $300U to have our Artists and KngraTers make thesb life
Engravings. This Book contains a Finely Illustrated Veterinary department tbat will S«Te Yon HnadredB
of Vollars. It dcscrihea common Diseases, and tells how to treat thom. It also gives Description,
History and Illustrations of the Different Breeds of Boraes, Cuttle, Sheep, Goats, Hogs and Poultry.

Itc

testit

Dgo of mimy very noted Animals. Tbe £dltgr Of TUa Fapfr

Will Tell You That You Ought To Have This Book In Tour Library For K^fet

$10.0O CASH. w« will BendyoE. IF BOOK IS NOT AS STATED.

nts Book HaUed Free, FMtof e Prapald, If Tea WrUd Ca (letter or postal) aad Answer Theee 2 QsmUou:

lat.— nauie This Paper. M.— Bow Kne h Stock Bava Tm t
Write QB t«day for book.

Largest Stock Food Factory in the World.

Capital Paid in, $1,000,000.
We Occupy 62,000 Feet of Floor Space,

loterogtioGal Stock Feoii Co.,

BUI., C. a. A. „!,,, £,„„ Firmer, uid Stockm.a.

T E Sn^ « 3fWOSE2BONE ©ENT i^Si

EN"T1HEI_V

AT OUR PI SK.

1 11 1 r 1 n TiTri li n » n » 1 8 1 ! I I n I M n II 1 1 1 1 1 II I a I i 1 1 1 II I II 1 1 1 II

'sa

Swift Creek Stock and Dairy Farm

Has for sale a large uum*
ber of nice young regis-
tered A. J. C. C.

JERSEY BULLS
AND HEIFERS.

None better bred In the South. Combining
<jl06ely the most noted and up-to-date blooS
in America. Bulls 10 to 12 months old, 125.00.
Heifers, same age, SS.'i.OO. POLAND-CHINA
PIGS, 85.00 each. Send check and get what
yon want.

T. P. BRASVVELL, Prop.. Battleboro, N. C.

lyrshires, Berkshirss and Oxford-Downs.

Ayrsi ire calves ol both sexes, Berkshire
pigs and boar, and 2 Oxford-Down Rams For
Sale. MELROSE C4STLE FARM,

ENDS H. HESS, Manager, Casanova, Va.

FiLMI^teteiT^ngus Cattle

Choice breeding. Registered bulls ready for
service. Address A. D. PARR, care A. G. PARR,
Jeffersonton, Va.

promise we make? Do you suppose we
would make such an offer if we did not
have the utmost confidence in the sat-
isfying quality of our goods? We
know we can please you and save you
money, for Hayner Whiskey goes di-
rect from our distillery to you, carries
a United States Registered Distiller's
Guarantee of purity and age, and saves
you the big profits of the dealers. Read
our offer elsewhere in this paper.

The Hatneb Distillinq Co.

A DUST SPRATBR.
Among the numerous Sprayers ad-
vertised with us from time to time,
we do not recall that a Dust Sprayer
has ever been offered our readers.
This month, however, we have the
card of the Dust Sprayer Mfg. Co.,
and to which we invite attention.
This Sprayer will be found useful in
applying all dust and powder insec-
ticides to trees, plants, etc.

ANGUS BULL CALVES

Registered and unrecorded. Stock flrstr
class, and breeding the beet.

SHROPSHIRE SHEEP

First class yearling rams, and ewes of
all ages. Several FINE FARMS for sale.

WARREN RICE, - Winchester, V«.

FOR SAX.E.

ABERDEEN-ANGUS BULL.

"Carlos of the Wells" 279.58: Also some

nice Cows and Heifers.

WM. B. iWACOREOOR . Avon, Va.

~~ 0. I. C. PIGS

FROM REG. STOCK.
FOR SALE. PRICES RIGHT.

F. S. MICHIE, - Charlottesvilte, Va.

282

THE ^OU^HEKN PLANTER.

[April

FEMALE INVENTORS.

I believe there is a general impres-
sion that women are lacking in the
inventive faculty, but this impression
or theory may be controverted by the
fact that the Patent Office has issued
one bound volume and two hand-books
Betting forth separately the inventions
of women. True, we do not find in
this list a female Arkwright, Whitney,
Rumsey, or Morse; nevertheless, these
female inventors have contributed to
the service of the world many use-
ful and valuable contrivances, saving
labor and promoting comfort and con-
venience; nor are feminine inven-
tions connned solely to household
conveniences. Amongst them we find
Bteam boilers, baling presses, fire
escapes, car wheels, hospital beds, and
improvements in pyrotechnic night sig-
nals. Perhaps the most remarkable of
the female inventors is Madame Cos-
tin, inventor of the famous Costin
signals. Her husband had made some
experiments on the line of night sig-
nals, and after his death she took up
the work, and by dint of patient and
Intelligent labor finally perfected a
code containing well defined combina-
tions of three-colored lights— red,
■white, and green — indicating the nu-
merals, and by this method a number
of signals may be conveyed. During
the Civil War these signals were em-
ployed to advantage, and since then
they have been adopted by different
European governments. They are
also valuable in the life-saving ser-
vice.

Miss Emma J. Hughes, daughter of
the inventor Hughes, seems to have in-
herited her father's talent, and is not
only an inventor, but a practical busi-
ness woman, visiting the shops almost
daily to superintend the making of
models and construction and master-
ing every detail of her work. She has
made about ten inventions, not all of
which, however, are on the market.
The best known of these is the adjust-
able table attached to the bed for the
use of invalids, or to the chair for
various other purposes, and this in-
vention is used in the hospitals of the
War Department, in the Marine Hos-
pital, and in schools and homes.

The wife of ex-Senator Henderson,
writer, artist, and patron of art, is
also the Inventor of an extremely use-
ful and popular bicycle seat. Mrs.
Henderson is a thorough business wo-
man and practical machinist. She
was a frequent visitor at the shops
while her invention was being con-
structed, and showed excellent judg-
ment in the selection of forms and
materials.

Harriet Hosmer, the sculptor, dis-
covered the process of making mar-
bis from limestone, and a Lima girl
found the way to extract 1,000 feet
of gas from one barrel of Lima oil.

Mrs. Theodore Blrney, so well known
as the originator of "the Mothers' Con-
gress" movement, has devised and

A GIRLCAN RUN IT

^\s.

jittnost anyone can run a

Piano 'Binder

It*s simple; free from needless compU-
catious; has haudy operating levers; works
easily every way.

For over twenty years our experts have
studied this machine; planned out a rigid
and enduring frame; discovered how to
use a lever in place of several corj-whecls;
qtiipped the reel with a self-jicting
'ction clutch which prevents break-
age; applied the stored power
of a self-regulating fly-wheel
to equalize the draft;
perfected the simplest
Knotter yet devised, one
that holcfs the world's
record for accurflte tving.
In short, they have fitted
this machine for the great-
est practical field servica
anywhere.

The Piano catalogue de-
scribes it. and tells about
some other interesting
cash and labor sav'ers; ask
for a copy.

PLANO DIVISION

International Harvester
Company of America

CHICAGO, ILLINOIS

SUNNY HOME HERD OF

ABERDEEN-ANGUS CATTLE.

BARON ROSEBOY (The great son of the vi'orld-famous
QAY BLACKBIRD) in service.

Nearly all thfi leaiing families of the breed represented by females sired by the
mo3t famous bulls of the age. Wechallenge comparia on both as to individual excel-
lence and pedigree. Another car of grand cows just arrived, personally pelected
from one of the best herds in central Illinois. The tops out of one hundred head.
Six animals of the same family and strain as ROSEGAY (for two years the champion
of Ameiica), others equally good. All young stuflFof weauing age sold ; am booking
oniers for future delivery.

Write your wants ; we are bound to please you.
— ^ L. FRENCH. Proprietor. Fitzqeralo. N. O.

Rockingham Co., 24 miles south-west of Danville, Ta., on D. k W. Ry.

Products are Good
FOR SALE

ice Bred A. J. G. G. Bull Gaivas

Yirite tor descriptive circular. General OfBces, 520 &. 534 N. Calvert Street, Baltimore, Md.

1903.]

THE SOUTHERN PLANIER.

283

patented something for the comfort
of the little ones — the "catch-all bib."
It was a woman (naturally and prop-
erly) who invented the baby carriage,
realizing about $50,000 from her in-
vention; but, I am sorry to say, I
have not been able to ascertain her
name. Doubtless, too, it was a wo-
man who invented the safety pin,
which has been such a boon to babies
and saved their little tender flesh from
so many cruel scratches which com-
mon pins would have inflicted. •

The first native born American wo-
man to take out a patent was Agda-
lene Goodman, of Florida, who devised
an improvement in broom brushes.

The first female name that occurs
on the records of the Patent Office is
that of Mary Kies, inventor of the art
of weaving straw with silk or thread,
but she was foreign-born. The straw
industry was founded in 1798 by Miss
Betsy Metcalf, and tradition says she
wove the first bonnet from only seven
straws. A Chicago woman invented
the paper water pail, and a clever wo-
man made a fortune by the invention
of a glove buttoner. Miss Carrie Hurl-
but, of Washington city, is the inven-
tor of an accordion pleater, and is
now engaged on an invention des-
tined to be of great use to the shoe
trade.

Amongst recent female inventors,
honorable mention should be given to
Mrs. E. C. Bell, of Washington, who
has invented a telephone mouthpiece
and holder, and to Mrs. Mary Baker,
who has Invented a practical fire
escape.

At the Atlanta Exposition there was
a special department for the inven-
tions of women, and this was not the
least interesting feature of the occa-
sion. Edison has been quoted as say-
ing that "he prefers women machin-
ists for the details of his electrical In-
ventions, as he thinks they have a
more delicate perception of machinery
than men."

The female Inventors who have
gone on record are about 200 in num-
ber.

Errata to be corrected in my two
articles on "Inventions Which Brought
Wealth," published respectively in the
February and March numbers of
The Southern Planter:

Dr. Bell offered a half interest In
his telephone to John A. Logan for
$2,500.00 (twenty-five hundred dol-
lars), not 125.00.

W. M. Jenne, of Ilion, N. Y., was
the inventor of the typewriter, not
W. M. Jenrie, of Ilvin, N. Y.

Maey Washington.

COLLIE PUPS!

By prize- winning Imported sires and trained
dsma. Eligible. Fit for bench, ranch or form.
Prlee, JIO, either »ex. Also a book on the car*
»nd training of the Ck)llle for all practical ages.
Price, 60c. Copy of book free to pnrohaaer of
OoUle.

Stock Fann, "MAPLEMONT," Albany, Ver.

DEAL DIRECT ^{?e" FACTORY

.-n't I ;iy r-'tsin v;i'''? f'r" carriages or harness. ■N\'rlte for our catalogue and
■n iiiioiil our sysifiu ot Meliin:^ liiri'ct from factory to customer. T\vo jiraiUs
Ba^•t•^l toyou. Satisfaction is t,'iiaranteed, or you can return the purtliuae
I « «■ w ill pay freliiht charges belli ways. We have the largest as^-'urtment
»u-'^!. s, Rurifys, pbxions. carriages, and other high grade vehicles.
I as h.irness. horse iiiiri and other horse accessories, In America,
iio f ■ r the caiulogue to-day.

THE COLUMBUS CARRIAGE & HARNESS COMPANY,
Factory ar.d General Office. COLUMBUS. 0. \ Write to

stern Office and Distributing House. ST, LOUIS, MO. /nearest office.

^30 YEARS SELLING DIRECT

TSest manufacturers of Vehicles and Harness in the
A'orld selling to consumers exclusively.
WE HAVE NO AGENTS

but bLip anywhere for examination,
guaranteeing safe dpliv-
ery You are out nothing
If not satisfied. We make
195 styles of vehicles and
65 styles of harness.
Visitors are always welcome
atourf»ctor>-.
I. Lar^e Catnhgue FREE.

^KHART CARRIAGK & HARNESS MFG. CO., Elkh'^, Ind.

JERSEY GATTLE,^^

Bred from high-testing St. Lambert Cows.

LARGE YORKSHIRE HOGS.

The BACON BREED now leading all other breeds for making
high-priced bacon.

IIVDIAN OAMES— The king of table fowls.

WHITE WTAIVDOTTES— The best general-purpose fowl.

WHITE liEGHORlVS^All sold out.
Address

BOin£7WTOWT F=3=tR7wrS. Shlbtvi. \Ltk.

We Have Some EXTRA CHOICE

Berkshire Boar Pigs

READY FOR SHIPMENT, AND OTHERS
raj SOON TO BE READY.

g] THEY ARE FINE. AND FROH PROLIFIC SOWS

p 7, 9 AND 13 TO LITTER.

I POREST HOME PARM^ - Purcellvllle, Vo.

HOLSTEINS THAT PAY.

Purchasers are offered selections from our herd, both male and female ;
our cows are of the leading strains, including De Kols, Pauline Pauls, Mech-
thildes. Hengervelds, Netherlands, Aggies, etc., etc. They are 11 we'll bred
and milking from 40 to 65 lbs. per day. Herd headed by Ury ALWINA
Count Paul De Kol and DeKol 29 Butter Boy 3rd No 2.

THOS. FASSiTT & SONS, Ury Stock Farm, Svlmar, Md.

When you write to an advertiser, always say you saw the adver-
tisement in THE SOUTHEBN FLANTEB.

284

THE SOUTH EKN PLANTER.

[April

TUE JOY OF WORKING.

Think not, Sir Manof-Leisure, as
you peep lazily through your heavily
curtained window at the scurrying 7
o'clock crowd on the way to its daily
toil, that you have the best of it be-
cause you can snuggle back beneath
your luxurious covering and sleep un-
til Jeems or Meadows brings your
morning coffee and paper and asks if
you prefer the Yellow Dragon or the
Green Devil for your forenoon spin.

Do not lay the flattering unction to
your soul that yours is the happier

iot.

Yonder youth with swinging step,
with fists dug deep into the pockets
of his thread-bare coat and a cold
luncheon wrapped in paper tucked be-
neath his arm, tastes a finer, sweeter
joy than all your luxury can bring.

His is the pleasure of incentive —
the glory of work.

For there is a zest to it all. The
quick spring from bed at the alarm
clock's summons, the hastily-swallowed
breakfast, then out into the wine-like
air of early morning. To it'orA— vig-
orous work of brain or brawn, whether
It be pegging away at a desk or di-
recting the eternal grind of clanking
machinery.

It is occupation — accomplishment!

Do not pity these work-a-day folk.
Save your sympathy for the hapless
and hopeless idle fellows — the unfortu-
nates or unwillings, alike commiser-
able.

Joy goes with the working masses.
There Is joy in the noonday luncheon,
whether in a gilded cafe or a cold
snack hastily devoured "before the
whistle blows."

The evening meal is a feast to the
weary man, and his well-earned rest is
the greatest joy of all.

Hard work is the best of all cures
for Insomnia.

Thank God you can work!

Though your office labor strains
your nerves and racks your brain;
though the "shop" takes the best of
your strength and vitality, be glad
to be living, an active part of the
working world.

You must earn your amusements be-
fore you can enjoy them. Ennui has
no part in the strenuous life.

Be glad, for conscience sake, that
you are not one of those most misera-
ble of all men, a fellow without a job —
a human machine standing idle, rust-
ing and losing its value from disuse.

Thank Ood you can work I

When sorrow and grief come, when
you seek to forget, to crush out cruel
thoughts, thank God that you can ab-
sorb yourself in your occupation,
plunge deep Into the details of your
duty.

Thank Ood that you can work —
that you can grasp your pay envelope
and say: "This is mine — the rightful
pay for the labor of my brain, the just
earnings of my strong right arm."

There is no

record of a

iFARQUHARBOILERl

1 having exploded [

The BEST Threshing Outfit

for a tlin';*Iienii!tn lu I'lij
A.f.V.V I'lIKbMll.NUi.
iiiailc in sizes 4 h. p. aittl u.
Kasy steamers iiiid develo]
bnike ar»d two injectoi
si/cr for Mierrlmnt tl

for a faniMT to use is tliePurqahnr Celebrated
INKaiuMliet- VKUlllAKMKiVVKATUK. Engines
iiKlcoinUaie tlie adTaiitaKesof nil anocessful engines,
iiure tliau raietlhorio- power. }hive driver's Beat, loot-

sKFARATORSorallBlrleMand -^

Farquliar

■!lV

■X

^mL A. B. Farquhar Co., Ltd

^"■^^SB YORK, pa. -"

RUMSBY=WILL1AMS COMPANY

'■jyawynji,!*'**'-'

QASOLIINK ENGINES and
GRAIN THRESHERS.

ST. JOHNSVILLE, NEW YORK.

SIR JOHN BULL and UNCLE SAM

Have become ao famous that I found a multiplication of their progeny
necessary to the filling of orders; hence I have added a large

number of purest-bred Imported and
American Sows, not akin to my old herd,
and most of them now in farrow to Im-
ported Berkshire Boars of a new strain.

HUNTINQ DOQS and PUPS FOR SALB.

A DURHAH BULL CALF, a picture,
cheap. Write for particulars.

THOS. S. WHITE, Fassifern Stock Farm, Lexington, Ta.

|»v^^l^^^v^^^v^^^»^v%

ECCS for HATCHING

Froiij Fowls of High Merit, Fresh, and a Good Hatch
Guaranteed of the following varieties : —

PLYMOUTH ROCKS, BROWN LEGHORNS, WHITE LEGHORNS

and PEKIN DUCKS at $i.oo per sitting of 15.

BRONZE TURKEY Eggs, $3 per doz.

Jertey and Guernsey Cattle and Berkshire Pigs. Four handsome
Great Danes and three Fox Terrier Puppies.

M. B. ROWE <& CO.

Fredericksburg. Va.

EASTERN SHORE POULTRY FARM.

S. C WHITE, BROWN and BUPF LEGHORNS.

THE EGG MACHINES OF POULTRYDOM.

The record at euch shows as Washington, D. C, Philadelphia and New York proves

the quality of my stock is second to none. I always breed my winners.

Correspondece cheerfully answered.

A. O. VAN DEM AN, lebhorn specialist, Parksley, Va.

When corresponding with advertisers, say you saw their adver-
tisement in the Southern Planter.

1903.J

THE SOUTHERN PLANTER.

285

BILTMORE FARMS. - Biltmore, N. C.

Headquarters for GOLVEN LAD JERSEYS,

Also get of TREY ARTE and GEN. MARIGOLD, j^ j^ j^

GOLDEN LAD'S SUCCESSOR, First and Bweepatakes over all at the Pan-American Exposition, the

champion JERSEY BULL OF AMERICA, and out of Golden Ora, our great prize-winning cow, both

born and developed on these Farms, is among our service bulls.

Biltmore Jerseys are a combination of large and persistent milking qualities with an individuality

that wins in the show ring.
SPECIALTY. Write for descriptive circular of the best lot of young bull calves ever offered, both for breed

ing and individuality. They are by noted sires and out of large and tested select* d dams Many r>f thnge

calves are fit to show and win in any company.

J« J«

BILTMORE POULTRY YARDS.

j» j»

SPECIALTY. Write for descriptive circular of eggs from our prize- winning pens. Over 50 yards to select
from, made up of the winners at the leading shows for the last two seasons. If you want winners yon
must breed from winnera

Headquarters for the best IMPORTED ENGLISH BERKSHIRES.

APPLY TO BILTMORE FARMS, BILTMORE. N. O.

IMPFRIfll FRUIT AND POULTRY FARM

Is now booking orders for Eggs from the best strains and careful matings of

Barred Buff and White PIvmouth Rocks,

Silver-Laced and White Wvandottes,

S. C. B. Leghorns and Mammoth Pekin Ducks,

AT S1.00 PER SITTING.
EGGS FROM BLACK DEVIL PIT GAMES.

Never known to run. The grittiest of all games. $2 per Sitting- We give 15 Chicken and 13 Duck Eggs for sitting.

Offer Fifty Barrels White French or Jerusalem Artichokes at $2.50 per 3 bus. bbl.

The cheapest of all hog feeds. I raised 500 bushels on one acre of only fair land. Order at once. Write name and
address plainly. Remember, the express is no more on 2 or 3 sittings than on one. Refer to Augusta National Bank
and former patrons. Satisfaction guaranteed or money refunded.

P. H. HEYDENREICH, - Staunton, Va.

286

THE SOCTHERN' PLANTER.

[April

Be thankful, employer as well as em-
ployee, for the joj' of working.

Tou know the pleasure of It.

Do not deceive yourself by the prom-
ise (nine times in ten a pleasant lit-
tle Action) that by-and-by you will re-
tire, ease up, end your life in idle
luxury.

The business game is not alone for
the pleasure of the spoils, but for the
Joy of playing it.

What the world may call greed and
avarice you know to be the fascina-
tion of success — the intoxication of ac-
complishment; and it will keep you
untiringly at it — on your mettle in
the battle— till the end of life.

For life is work.

And work is life. — D. Herbert Moore.
in Judiciou-^ Advertis i/ig.

We present herewith a cut of the
Empire King Spraying Pump, which
Is manufactured by our advertising
patrons, the Field Force Pump Co.,
of Elmira. X. Y. These people are
manufacturers of a large and com-
plete line of machinery, apparatus, and
appliances devoted to the very essen-
tial and necespary practice of spray-
ing. They have about everything
anybody could wish in this line, from
the small bucket sprayer to their Or-
chard Monarch, which is a large
mounted power machine. The outfit,
however, which is something of a spe-
cialty with them, is shown here. This

'8 due ' _ which

may h. liability

to all coil. lit i., lis and lo all classes of
work. It is small enough and lew
enough in price to fit the needs oC the
man having only a small orchard,
and yet, if properly handled, it will
at the requirements of the large fruit
grower.

We cannot take the space to further
describe it, hence recommend that all
those who are interested in sprayins
write the manufacturers for their
printed matter on this subject. They
will be glad to mall this to you. with-
out cost, if you mention this paper in
writing.

Mention the Souihern Plonler in writing

AN ARMY OF 15,000 DE.E,RING
AGE.NTS AT YOUR SERVICE.

There is no lo'wn of importance
w^here you can not secure

DEERING LIGHT DRAFT HARVESTERS

All stanch, reliable machines for the harvest

binders Headers Header-Binders Mowers "Keapers Corn Binders

Corn ShocXers HusXers and Shredders "KaXes Binder Twine Oil

and ask for a copy

Dcering Division

International Harvester Co. of

America, Chicago

At WHOLESALE or RETAIL.

65 Head of SHORTHORNS (Durham)

1-3 Registered; 1-3 Eligible; l-3arades.
CALVES, YEARLINGS. TWO-YEAR-OLDS, COWS.

The head of the herd is a FANCY B.^ED BULL.

TiiC lot will be sold to a breeder at a bargain. Cattle in perlect health.

— THOS. S. WHITE, - LEXINGTON. Va.

"THE
OAKS"

SHORTHORNS

FOR
SALE

2 Reg. Bull Calves; 2 RcfT. Coss; l ihree-\ ear-old Reg. Bull (immune) raised south
of Petersburg. Va. AM right in every particular.

». B. BrCH.iX.4>\ Bedford City, Vh.

Farmers Mutual Benefit Association,

A Fire Insurance Association, chartered by the State of Virginia, for
farmers, under an amended and well protected plan.

Insures in counties snrroumiing and actes;iible tn Richmond, against Fire and
Lightning, only (ouiitry property — no stores o • unsafe risks. Policy hoMers amply
secured-all legitimate losses paid. Average cost per year less than "other plane, and
a great saving to farmers. Amount of property now insured. $330,00(1, and increasing
yearly. Estimated security in real and ottier estate, J750 000.

For fiirther information, address, CHAS. N. FRIEND, General Agent,

mmHTiOH TMia jourhml. CHeSTBR. VIRGINIA.

1903.1 THE SOUTHERN PLANTER. 287

.i^LAIDLAW'S^
CONCENTRATED TOBACCO POWDER,

Sheep Dip and Cattle Wash.

A SURE CURE FOR THE EXTERHINATION OF

SCAB AND TICK IN SHEEP. LICE ON HORSES AND CATTLE.

LICE ON HOGS. MANGE ON DOGS.

Kills all vermin. AUaya all irritation. Promotes growth of wool. Makes animal feel well and take on flesh.

ABSOLUTELY NON-POISONOUS.

PRICES: 5 -lb. bag, 75c. ; 10-lb. bag, $1.25 ; 25 -lb. bag, $2.60 ; 50-lb. bag, $5.00.

One 50-lb. bag makes 500 gallons Dip for Scab, and 1,000 gallons for Tick, etc.

SOLE MANUFACTURERS,

LAIDLAW, MAGKILL & CO., Limited, Richmond, Va., U. S. A

To be had at all leading Drug stores.

f Hackney Stallion Cismont,

J^. H. S. B. 399.

IN THE STUD AT CISmONT FARM,

One and a half miles from Keswick, Va., on the C. & 0. Railroad.

- Telephone Connection with CHARLOTTESVILLE and RICHMOND, VA.

For approved mares, $10.00 the season with return privilege, or

$15.00 to insure.

G. S. LINDENKOHL, Owner, Keswick, Albemarle Co., Va.

288

THE SUUIHKRX PI.ANiER.

[A,„il

UNEXPECTED ANSWERS.
A man who answered advertise-
ments in cheap "story papers" has had
Borne interesting experiences. He
learned that by sending $1 to a Yan-
kee he could get a cure for drunlten-
liess. And he did. It was to "take
the pledge, and keep it." Then he
sent 50 two-cent stamps to find out
how to raise turnips successfully. He
found out: "Just take hold of the
tops, and pull." Being young, he
wished to marry, and sent 34 one-cent
stamps to a Chicago firm for Informa-
tion as to how to make an impression.
\Vhen the answer came, it read: "Sit
down on a pan of dough." It wa.s a
little rough; but he was a patient
man, and thought he would yet suc-
ceed. Next advertisement he answer-
ed read: "How to double your money
In six months." He was told to con-
vert his money into bills, fold them,
and he would see his money doubled.
Next he sent for twelve useful house-
hold articles, and he got a package of
lieedles. He was slow to learn, so he
sent |1 to find out "How to get rich."
"Work like the devil, and never spend
tl cent." And that stopped him; but
his brother wrote to find out how to
write a letter without pen or ink.
tie was told to use a lead pencil. He
paid |1 to learn how to live without
Work, and was told on a postal card to
"Pish for suckers, as we do." — From
an Exchange, in Our Dumb Animals.

THE HEALTH OP YOUR HORSE.

A valuable little book to horsemen
is published by the Newton Horse
Retnedy Co., of Toledo, O., in which
symptoms are described whereby ail-
ments can be recognized, and in which
remedies and treatment are given for
specific diseases. The proprietors have
built up a I'eputation that is famous
on Dr. Newton's Heave, Cough, Dis-
temper, and Indigestion Cure, and
they will be pleased to send the book
frfee to all who make a request for it.

Farmer Brighton, of Fairfield, la.,
is just entering upon an advertislns
campaign in this paper. In his com-
bination tool — the Swine V to prevent
hogs from rooting. Cattle Dehorner,
and Stock Marker — Farmer Brighton
has something which other farmers
want and buy liberally, else he could
not afford to advertise it. His ad.,
headed. "No Humbug," and accom-
panied by a cut, shows the tool and a
hog's snout operated upon to show
how it works. Look up this ad., if
you keep hogs or have occasion to
mark or dehorn.

BUGGIES FOR THE MILLION.

The opportunity to get one of the
famous Split Hickory Vehicles at the
low prices at which they are now
offered to the public by manufacturers
Is one that it is the part of wisdom to
take advantage of. Especially is this

TWO CROP ESSENTIALS

are cultivation and keeping down weeds.
More important than deep cultivation is
keeping: the surface stirrea, breaking the
crust due to rains, and allowing the light,
air, moisture and warmth to penetrate
<|uickly to the roots of the growing plant.
Kor doing just these things the ideal imple-
ment is the

Adjustable Weeder
and Shallow Cultivator.

It kills the weeds at first showing, the top soil is pulverized and kept mellow, the plant
roots are not disturbed and the moist soil is not brought up to dry in the sun. Adjustable
in width. Narrows to 30 Inches, widens to 7^ feet. Strong, runs steady, no cumbersome
shafts. Furnished either %\ith round teeth or with flat to suit different soils, as we are
licensed by the Hallock Weeder Company to use their famous flat teeth. Weeder booklet
mailed free. We also make 10 styles Corn Planters, 12 styles Cultivators, 20 styles Corn 5hel-
lerj, hand and power, Harrows, Field Rollers, Feed Cutters, etc. Write for catalogue C.

KEYSTONE FARM MACHINE CO.," 1554 N. Beaver St., York, Pa.

KEYSTONE

Reg. HOLSTEIN-FRIESIAN

CATTLE of the Netherland, De Kol, Clothilde, Pietertje and

Artis families. Heavy milkers and rich in butter fat.

Stock of all ages for sale.

RCQ. BERKSHIRCS From noted strains, Imported Headlight, Lord
Highclere and Sunrise.

B. PLYMOUTH ROCK CHICKENS^ Fifteen Cockerels for salo.

N. and W. and Bouthern R. R. T. O. SANDY, Burkevllle, Va.

POLAND CHINA BOARS

THE KIND THAT GETS BIG.

Send your check and we will tend you as good a pig as money will buy
anywhere, hired by a son of " Proud Perfection." We pay the expressage.
No guesswork what the cost will be. If you don't like the pig. give It a good
fteed, send ll Back, ezprrssage prepaid, and we will return your check.

We are careful In selecting animals and would not sell a poor one at ANY
PRICE, for It would spoil our trade. PRICKS :— 2 months old, $10 ; 3 months
old, $11 : 4 months old, $12. No more sows or sow pigs for sale.

BULLFIELD FARMS, - Dosweij, Virginia.

SPB*^

ING IS EASY

and you have an ovitfit always ready at a moment's
notice for a small or Uirge job in the

GARFIELD KNAPSACK SPRAYER.

Best sprayer made for nine-tenths o( all work, as Cotlon, Tobacco, Pulaloes, Cardans,

Shrubbery, etc. Eoaily carried and worked, simple and durable. Copper tank concaved to (It
back, and all brass pump. Nothing to corrode. We also make the Empire King and Orchard
Monareh, mounted 9praTers for large operatloaa, and others for all purposes. Fully described
In free catalog. Writetorit. FIELD FORCE PUMP CO., 223 Eleventh St,. Elmlra, N.Y.

SLUG SHOT

B, HAMMOND.

Kills Insects on Melons, Potatoes.
Cabbage and Flowers.

SOLD BY SEEDSMEN EVERYWNEiiE.

Used 22 Years.
Send for Free Booklet on Bugs and
Blights to
FISH KILU-ON-HUDSON . NEW YORK.

11)03.]

THE SOUTHERN PLAN TER.

289

true in view of the fact that thirty
days are allowed every purchaser, who
desires it, to try the buggy on his
own premises and ascertain by actual
use and inspection how good the vehi-
cle actually is. The first step is to
send your address to the Ohio Car-
riage Mfg. Co., Station 41, Cincinnati,
O., for their illustrated catalogue and
price list. The rest of it is easy. Their
catalogue illustrates and quotes prices
on vehicles, harness, and saddles of
every description also, and will be
found interesting to all horse owners.

■•OLD HICKORY'S" FAIRNESS.
Andrew Jackson has two sorts of
reputation. He is credited, on the one
hand, with being the father of the
spoils system; but, on the other hand,
he is said to have been staunch and
stubborn against wire-pulling. A story
told in the Washington Post throws
light on the best side of Jackson's
character.

When Jackson was President, Ma-
jor Gibbon, a New Jersey man, was
postmaster at Richmond, Va. A dele-
gation from Richmond waited on Jack-
son to demand the postmaster's place
for a Democrat.

"Isn't Major Gibbon an old soldier
of the Revolution?" asked Jackson.
"Well, yes."

"Any charges against his official
character?"

"No-o; but he stumps up and down
the streets of Richmond abusing you
and your administration."

"Does he?" said Jackson, grimly.
"Yes; and, besides, he's an old-time
Federalist."

"Well," said Jackson, seriously,
"you call to-morrow morning and you
shall have an answer."

When the delegation had withdrawn,
Jackson sent promptly for the Audi-
tor of the Post-Office Department.

"Mr. Auditor, what sort of an official
is Major Gibbon, postmaster at Rich-
mond?"

"A model postmaster, Mr. Presi-
dent."

"Any charges against his official in-
tegrity?"

"None whatever, sir. His accounts
are scrupulously correct and always
rendered on time."

"That will do, Mr. Auditor. Good
morning!"

The next day the delegation called
promptly, expecting to receive Major
Gibbon's head.

"Gentlemen," said Jackson, "you ad-
mitted yesterday no charge lies
against Postmaster Gibbon's official
character or conduct. This is verified
by the accounting officer of the Treas-
ury. But you dwelt on the fact that
he villifies me and openly opposes my
politics. For that you would have me
turn adrift and penniless an elderly

Registered HEREFORD CATTLE.

Service Bulls ; Imported Salisbury 7(iU6y mm). Lars Jr. 8o29, .

MURRAY SOOCOCK, Owner. Keswick, Va.

rHHREFORD CATTLE \

) Annefield Herd Richly Bred In ••Anxiety" B'°°f "^ ""''^'' >

S by the Sweepstakes winner at Kansas City 1901, ^

/ PRINCE RUPERT No. 79539. (

) FEE. 923.00 FOR THE SEASON OF 1903. >

\ CORRESPONDENCE SOLICITED. INSPECTION INVITED. C

ANNEFIELD FARMS, - Briggs, Clarke Co., Va. ^

BACON HALL FARM.

HEREFOBDiESiSTEtEiieflTTLE

•• TOP " BREEDINQ. CALVES NOT AKIN.
MOTTO— Satisfaction or no Sale.

E. M. GILLET & SON,

Qlencoe, Maryland.

You pflv $.1 when cured
No cure, no pay. ALEX. SPEIFLS, Boi W.
Weatbi 00k, Maine.

HBREFOBM CATTL^.-Calves, entitled to reglstrfttlon, »75 to 8100. Grade Calves by "BUT
Edward" Sis to MO.

SHROPSHIRE SHEEP.-Bucke, one year old and over, »16 to J20. Buck I^mbs, Jnly de-
livery, $10. and J12. Ewe lAmbs, Jaly delivery, tl8. and $10.

petAND-CHIHA HO«8.-Plg8, six week, old, $5. Ple«, two or thre. months old, 17*.
Pigs, five months and over, $15 to VSO.

H. BRONZE TlTRKET8.-Tom8, ti. Hens, S3. Eggs, per sitUng of 12, when In season, J4.

MtJSCOVT DCCKS.-Pnre White Drakei, 11.25. Pure White Ducks, $1. Pairs. $2.25; trtom f«

BARRED PI.TMOUTH ROCH8.

ROUEH tlEESE.— Ganders, $2.50. G^ese, $J.60. Ktf, per slttlag, $S.OO
WILJJAM L, Jr., No. 21058, half brother of Axtell, wUl serv. a limited nomber of marw to?

fXtbcMaiutn. Hares boirded at loweat flcnras ver month.

290

THE SOUTHERN PLANTER.

[April

man — the man who led the forlorn !
hope at Stony Point, and left his
right leg there.

"Such a man, gentleman, has bought
the right to entertain his opinions
and speak them, and to abuse me
as much as he pleases. While Andrew
Jackson holds the White House,
Major Gibbon shall not be disturbed
In his little office. You have my
answer. Good-morning! " — Youth's

Companion.

INSURING THE HARVEST.

The harvesting of grain has been
from the most primitive times until
the present an object of solicitude on
the part of the farmer.

Upon the successful harvest is de-
pendent the feeding of the world.

The farmer who uses the Deering
line of harvesters, however, is free
from worry so far as the prompt and
effective gathering of the crop is con-
cerned. These ideal machines are al-
ways ready when needed, and can be
relied upon.

GOOD FOR ALL EXTERNAL TROU-
BLES.
Elkton, Va., Dec. 6, 1902.
The Lawrence-WiUiams Co., Cleveland.

0.:

I have used Gombault's Caustic Bal-
sam very successfully for a number
of years on my horse for swelling,
stiff joints, abscesses, etc., I consider
Gombault's Caustic Balsam the most
valuable external remedy and lini-
ment I have ever seen or used, and
keep it on hand all the time.

W. S. SOUTHALL.

MRS. LEA'S MILK AND BUTTER PURIFIER.

Removrs all Weed, Qarlic, Vegetable and Animal Odor and Taint
from the milk and in no way injures the cow to which it is fed.

Dr. Jacob Mlchanx, Richmond. Va., and Dr. W. L.
Robinson, Danville, Va.. Ex-Presidents of The Vir-
ginia Medical Society, write as follows :

Qendemen:— Having been couaulted by you with
regard to your "Lea's Milk and Butter Fdrifier,"
we beg Jeave to state after many careful experiments
that we are mo«t favoratly impressed with its value.
From the standpoint of physicians, we have no
hesitation In saying that the mill? from cows to which
It is fed is acceptable to the delic^ite palates and
stomachs » f the sick in cases where ordinary railk Is
not borne We. having a knowledge of the formula,
further state thai it is not lu any way injurious to
either the stomachs or syslemB of the animals to
which It is fed, nor to the stomachs or systems of
"'"- persons using the milk from such animals. We

further believe from our knovs ledge of your preparation that it so favorably influences
the digestion of the animal that it will prevent those abnormal fermentations which pro-
duce injurious chemical reactions in the secretions and milk of said animals.

We advice tliat i^auitary Dairies be encouraged to use this product, as it furnishes a
milk not only devod of all vegeJablean animal oders and flavors so objectionable and
so frequemiy found In milk not thus treated, but that it is a sweet and pure article
for the table and for the u^e of invalids

Jacob Michaux, M D.,
W. L. Robinson, M. O.

(Signed)

WVi. by VIRGINIA CATTLE FOOD COMPANY, Danville, Virginia.

Write us for prices and further information.

The Pasteur Vaccine Co. have just
moved their headquarters to more com-
modious and convenient premises at
219 Randolph street, Chicago. They
occupy the whole building, and it is
located in the center of the drug busi-
ness. The Pasteur Vaccine Co. is
very well known to all stock owners
who have had any trouble with an-
thrax or blackleg, as they introduced
the vaccines for these diseases into
this country in the early part of 1895.
The extent and success with which
the Pasteur Vaccines have been em-
ployed are too well known to need
comment. It will be interesting to
note that up to the end of 1902 about
forty-five millions of animals have
been vaccinated with the original
vaccines. This is a wonderful show-
ing, and speaks volumes for the suc-
cess of the Pasteur Company's reme-
dies.

Messrs. W. M. Watklns & Son, pro-
prietors of the Cottage Valley Stock
Farm, Randolph, Va., reports that
their sales have been good during the
year 1903. Among recent sales are
as follows: W. G. Rogers, Warrenton,
N. C, 2 horses: C. P. & J. Button,
Walker's Ford, 1 mare: J. A. Lang,

CISMONT DORSETS..

CISMONT 8T0CK FARM offers well developed young
Dorsets of the best blood of England and America.

Prices reasonable.

G. S. LINQENKOHL, K8swicl(, Albemaria Co., Va.

WOOL

Whereto Sell Your

WE ARE THE LEADING DEALERS IN THE WOOL TRADE IN VIRGINIA.

HIGHEST MARKET PRICE PAID, and no Commission, Freight, &c., charged
SACKS FURNISHED FREE. Checks remitted promptly. Correspond with us when
ready to sell. THE WALLERSTEIN PRODUCE CO.,

References: 19 and 21 So. 13th St., RICHMOND, VA.

American National Bank and Richmond merchants generally.

" BRBD.IN. THE. purple:

DUNTREATH BERKSHIRES^^*-

Extra choice lot of Young Pigs for sale : ready for shipment after April
'20th, 1903, all eligible to registry, and sired by our famous boar,

BARON SYLMAR OF DUNTREATH.

Our advance bookings have been so great that we

can only accept a limited number of orders.

DUNTREATH STOCK FARM, Box 666, Richmond, Va.

1903.]

THE SOUTHERN PLANTER.

291

M^

IVANHOE POULTRY YARDS ^— ™

Breeders of

i^

Exhibition Barred
Plymouth Rocl<:s

ENGLISH CARRIERS AND HOMING PIGEONS.

For Information, address

Ivanhoe Poultry Yards, Box 258, Richmond, Va.

0E55^fS^5SS^ffS5

THE TRAP HAS BEEN SET, BUT THE FARMERS "ARE ON TO IT."

— — //V 1903 — -.

S^o'buv the WALTER A. WOOD MACHINE.

WHY?

Because it is the Best Ha-

chine Hade.
Because it Belongs to no

Combination.
Because its Repairs Cost

Less.

The Wood Binders, Reapers, a-
Steel Hay Ral<es, Tedders, f
Corn Harvesters, Knife
Grinders the world knows
and the world endorses.

SEND FOR SPECIAL CATALOGUE

WALTER A. WOOD MOWING and REAPING MACHINE CO., Richmond, Va.

292

THE SOUTHERN PLANTER.

[April

Haw River, N. C, 1 mare; W. D.
Grimes, Washington, N. C, 1 mare;
A. C. Canada, Lynchburg, Va., 1 pair
mules; the County of Meclilenburg, 1
mule; C. A. Williams, Ringwood, N.
C, 1 3-year old cow, 1 C-monthsold
calf; D. L. Berry, Abingdon, Va.. 1
6-months-old bull calf; B. L. Gill, Re-
hoboth Church, Va., 1 bull calf; R.
Turnbull, Lawrenceville, Va., 1 bull
calf; J. F. Jones, Laurel, N. C, 1 bull
calf; J. E. Connell, Irwin, Va., 8
sheep; H. A. Black & Bro., Stuarts, N.
C. 1 ram lamb; J. W. Smith, Stuarts
Draft, Va., C ewes, 3 lambs. 3 old ewes;
W. R. McKenney, Petersburg, Va., .''.
milk cows. Look up this firm's ad-
vertisements in this issue.

THE BUSINESS EYE.

It requires a business eye to see an
opportunity when it presents itself.
The ability to see things as they are
Is the one thing which agriculturists
should possess, if they mean to make
a success out of whatever they under-
take to do. It is the power of dis-
cernment that enables them to keep
up Interest in their work, and it is
enthusiastic interest in what one is
doing that gives life its zest and en-
ables one to do his best. In the pur-
chase of a binder, for example, a good
business eye is needed. There are
many details in the construction of
the machine that should be carefully
examined, and where this is done the
farmer. In the great majority of in-
stances, buys the McCormick, because
it is pre-eminently the machine for the
man with an eye for business.

$276,553,894

38,009,619

975,514

26,252,265

the South

The Southern Farm Magazine of
Baltimore has compiled from official
reports of the government the sta-
tistics of grain crops of the South
in 1902. The total values are as fol-
lows:

Corn .... 502,487,609
Wheat . . . 48,872,127
Rye .... 1,352,892
Oats .... 56,178,672

In addition to grain
raised 21,897. 5.'5.''i bushels of Irish po-
tatoes, valued at $14,116,169; 3,905,423
tons of hay, valued at $46,734,706, and
630,258.898 pounds of tobacco, valued
at $63,843,025. The total for these
three items added to the total for
grain makes $466,545,192, or, approxi-
mately, about one-half of the total
value of the agricultural products of
the South. In this report no mention
is made of the cotton crop, of sweet
potatoes (the yield of which in the
South is much larger than the yield
of Irish potatoes), of sucrar. rice, and
fruit crops. These figures show that
the grain crop of the South — corn,
wheat, oats, and rye— Is about the
same in value as an average cotton
crop, but the growth of diversified
farming in the South promises within
a few years to make the value of these
crops much larger than that of cotton.

Th<» Ht^l n\CH SAW MILLS ARE SURE WINNERS.
I llv^ LycL_V/r*v^5 I Eight sizes, from Farmers' 4 11 p up to 200 h. p.

If Interested, write for larcc llluslrated catiilogue o! DeLoach Patenmaw Miil.'i lokuU
any power from 4 to 200-h. p ; .Shingle Mills. Planers, Edgers, Trimmers, Stave and Lath
Mills. Bolters, Corn and Biilir Mills, Water Wh«el8, etc. To Introduce our New Farmers'
Saw Mill, fitted witb DeLoach Patent Variable Friction Feed, we make thlsfepeclai oflbr:

We will deliver on cars at factory onr
No. O Pony Farmers' Saw Mill, with
Duplex Dogs, Imp oved Head Blocks
and Ratchet .Set Works, complete as
shown in cut. except It has Carriage made
In two 4-foot sections, with Rope Drive
Instead of Rack and Pinion, without Saw
or Belt, for $115. 00 Spot Cash I
With 36" Solid Saw, $127.,50: 40", S132.30;

44", 8140.00; 48", $1.50.00.
With 86" Inserted Saw. »147.50: 40" J152.60:

44", $160.00; 48", S170.00.

Best Rubber Belting, 4-ply, 6", 20 cents

per foot; 8", SO cents per foot, net.

No discount from these prices.

Our Warranty: Tins mill Is warranted to be made In a workman like manner, of flnV
class material ihriiuj^liout. and to 1 Ive perfect satisfaction if operated according to onr
printed Instructions, which are so simple that a boy can understand them. Any one with
ordinary Intelligence can set and operate without the assistance of an experienced

sawyer; will easily cut 2.000 to 2 .500 feel of first class boatd lumber per day with only 4-h. p.;
3,000 ft. with6-h. p.; 4,000 ft. with H-h. p ; is adapted to any kind or size power up to 15.h. p.

DeLOACH MILL MANUFACTURING CO , Box 600, ATLANTA, GEORGIA, U. S. A.

The DeLoach Is the only mill inadethat isthlpped to all parts ofthe world. Over 10,000 In use.

FRUITS and
VEGETABLES

ARE LARGELY INCREASED
IN YIELD AND, GREATLY IM-
PROVED BY TME USE OF

Srray Pumrs.

Write for new catalogues and price-lists.

Our pumps are used by the Virginia and North

Carolina Agricultural Departments.

SYDNOR PUMP AND WELL CO., Inc.,

Box 946, RICHMOND, VIRGINIA.

GASOLINE ENGINES, WIND MILLS,

RAMS. TANKS

WATER SUPPLY CONTRACTORS.

ARTESIAN WELL DRILLERS.

Cut shows a Kerosene Sfprayer which can
can be used for any other mixture.

OMMftTEIteO rS70.

Merchants National Bank

OP KIOHMONO, VA,

Designated Depository of the United stales, city oi
Richmond and Oommonwealtb of Virginia.
Being the Largest Depository for Banks between Baltimore
and New Orleans, this Bank offers superior facllltlee for
direct and qalok collections.

JNO. P. BRANCH, .INC. K. BRANCH.

President. Vloe-Presldenl.

Capital stock, $200,000,00

Sarplas ta* Pt-ofito, $628,000,00

JOHN P. QLKNN,

OMblar.

DiBBCrroKS.— John P. Branoh, B. B. Munford, Chas. B. HlrlngfeUow, Thos, B. Soott, B. W
Branch, Fred. W. Scott, Jas. H. Dooley, Jno. K. Branch, A. 8. Boford, Andiew Flzalnl, Jr.'
J. P. Qeorge, Alex. Hamilton, Bam'l. T. Morgan.

1903]

THE SOUTHERN PLANTER.

298

, ^»<^^^^^^^^^<M»^>8>i^^r»^#>^^^w^^^^^»<^^^^»»<^^^^%

V»^^^^A»»^^^^l^»»^^^^^»»^^^^^^^^^V^^^W»»

WAGONS and BUOOIBS

MADE

RIGHT HERE

AT HO

The BARBOUR BUGGY L^.
The HUGHES BUGGY CO.,
The VIRGINIA WAGON CO.

Alt of Virginia.

These vehicles are gjaranteed to be as good as can be bought elsewhere ; material and workman-
ship unsurpassed ; all sizes and styles, prices low. We can save you time, money and freight by
purchasing our vehicles. Send for our illustrated catalogues. Drop in our warehouse and inspect our
stock. Inquiries cheerfully answered.

RICHMOND BUGGY & WAGON CO., 1433 E. Main Street, RICHMOND, VA.

J. T. DUNN, Manager.

AINSLIE CARRIAGE CO.,

Nos. 8, 10 and 12 Tenth St.. RICHMOND, YA.

Building Carriages to order is our special business.
Repairing and Repainting done, and best material used.
A full line of all the latest styles. Orders for all
classes of Vehicles solicited.

1903. IN THESTUD AT LAURELHILLFARM. 1903.
THE FINE HACKNEV STALLION

I903. IN THE STUD I903.

WEALTH, 29579.

RACE RECORD, 2:17J, Pacing.

Timed separately in 2:08 in a race at Indiana
State Fair, 1902.
Bay horse, foaled 1897; 16 hacds high, weight, 1,200 lbs.
Sired by Gambetta Wilkes, 2:19}, dam Magnolia, by Norfolk,
3670. Wealth is grand individually and in appearance.

FEE, $20 the Season with return privilege, or $25 to insure.
Address S. F. CHAPMAN, Gordonsville, Va.

4- HEIDRIK -f GREAT STAKES, 25S2I.

Bay horse, foaled 1898 ; 16 hands high. This horse
has great natural action, and is capable of getting
the highest class harness horses.
FBE, $10 00 the Season or $15 00 to Insure.

Address C. F. & J. BUTTON, Walker's Ford, Va.

WHALEBONE, 7872.

Sired by Abdallah Wilkes, eon of George Wilkes, 2:22. Dan
Maggie 0., by Abdallah, 15, sire of Goldsmith Maid, 2:14 ; sec
ond dam Viley Filley, by Pilot, Jr., sire of dam of Maud S., 2:08 J.

Note.— Wiialebone is a richly colored bay horse of fine size,
handsome and well formed. Hia disposition is perfect. He
has sired Visitor, 2:26J, and other winners.

FEE, $15, with usual return privilege.

Address W. J. GARTER.

p. O. BOX 3S9, RIOHMOND, VA.

RACE RECORD, 2:20, Trotting.

Bay horse, by Billy Thornhill, 2:24, dam Sweetstakes,
by Sweep Stakes, 298. Great Stakes has sired Cap-
tain, 2:i6i; Foxhall, 2:19!, and four others in the list.
FEE, $25.00 for the Season of 1903.

W.H.NELSON. • 1417 E.Franklin St, Riohmond.Va.

Pedigrees traced and tabulated. Catalogues compiled and cir-
culars prepared. Special attention given registration
matters pertaining to thoroughbred and trotting horses

..BY..

W. J. GA.TVr'E.Ti. (Broad Rock),

p. O. Box 929, RICHnONO, VA.

Representing the

The Timks-Dispatch, Richmond, Va.
SotTTHKRN Planter, Richmond, Va.
Spoets of the Times. New York.
Kentucky Stock Farm, Lexington, Ky.
Brebdeb and Sportsman, San Francisco, Cal.

294

THE SOUTHERN PLANTER.

[Aj.ril

RIGHT VEHICLES AT RIGHT

PRICES.

The illustration ehowe a standard, well- '
made, serviceable, stylish buggy, whicl
the Marvin-Smith Company are selliof:'
for 158.20. Local dealers would probabh
claim to be making a rare bargain on thie
same vehicle at JKiO. This ie but one o)
a long line of vehicles, comprehendin;;
every purpose and style which this houfe
is selling at such prices as readers havi
doubtless noted from their advertise !
ments regularly seen in our columns
Dealers agree that by patronizing them
you have the opportunity to examinf-
and make choice before buying. This
does not compensate for the high price?
charged. Thi fact is, that the Compary
named ships anything you may sekct
from their complete vehicle catalosi e
showing many times over the varietiiS|
and styles the local dealer carries, with-
out any payment in advance, and per-
mits full and free examinatioa withovt!
obligation to purchase if not satisfactory, j
They make it possible for every one to ;
own a good conveyance by paying only
reasonable prices. We commend the
house to readers who have under consid-
eration the purchase cf a conveyance of
any 'feort. ;

THE MANLOVE SELF-OPENING
GATE,

Shown in the above cut strikes us as be-
ing a very valuable and sensible device.
The ease of operation and the time and
trouble saved Dy its use makes it invalu-
able to every thoroughly up to-date farm-
er. Seethe advertisement elsewhere in
this issue.

A NEAT BINDER for your back
numbers can be had for 25 cents. Ad-
dress theBusiness Office.

Mention the Southern Plamter when cor-
reeponding with adyertiserB.

Uncle Sam says it's
all right

Uncle Sam, in the person of ten ol his government ofBcials, Is always In charge of every
department of our distillery. During the entire process of distillation, after the whiskey
Is stored in barrels in our warehouses, during the seven years it remains there, from the
very grain we buy to the whiskey you get, Uncle Sam is constantly on the watch, We dare
not take a gallon of our own whiskey from our own warehouse unless he says it's all right.
And when he does say so, that whiskey goes direct to you, with»all its original strength, rich-
ness and flavor, carrying a UNITED STATES REGISTERED DISTILLER'S GUARAN-
TEE of PURITY and AGE, and saving the dealers' enormous profits. That's why
HAYNER WHISKEY is the best for medicinal purposes. That's why it is preferred tor
other uses. That's why we have over a quarter of a million satisfied customers. That's
why YOU should try it. Your money back if you're not satisfied.

Direct from our distillery to YOU

Saves Dealtrs' Profits I Prevents Adulteration I ^"""^

HAYNER WHISKEY

PURE SEVEN-YEAR-OLD RYE

4 FULL $9:20 EXPRESS
QUARTS O PREPAID

We will send you FOUR FULL QUART BOTTLES of HATNEK'S SEVEN-
■YEAR-OLD RYE for $3.20, and we will pay the express charges. Try it and
If you don't And it all right and as good as you ever used or can buy from
anybody else at any price, send it back at our expense, and your is. 20 will be
returned to you by next mail. Just think that offer over. How could it be
fairer? If you are not perfectly satisfied, you are not out a cent. Better let
us send you a trial order. If you don't want four quarts yourself, get a
friend to join you. We ship in a plain sealed case, no marks to show what's
Inside.

Orders for Ariz., Cal., Col., Idaho, Mont., Nov., N.Mex., Ore. , Utan, Wash,
or Wyo. must be on the basis of 4 tluarts for S4.00 bv Express
Prepaid or !SO Quarts for ei6.0o by Freight Prepaid.

Write our nearest oface and do it NOW.

THE HAYNER DISTILLING COMPANY

>>iLANTAi GA. DAYTON, OHIO ST. LOUIS, MO. ST. PAUL, MINN.

153 DiSTiLLEBT, Trot, O. Established 1806

The Chesapeake & Ohio Railway

EXTENDING FROM CINCINNATI AND LOUISVILLE, AND
THROUGH ITS CONNECTIONS — fT»

THE BIG FOUR SYSTEM, from Chicago, St. Lome, Peoria. IndianapollB,

Sandusky and Cleveland ;
THE OHIO CENTRAL LINES, from Toledo and Columbue .
THE CINCINNATI, HAMILTON 4 DAYTON, from Detroit, Toledo, Lima

and Dayton —

FORMS THE MOST DIRECT *"ir-"^tE*.'ai?.Kr.'" ROUTE.

To STAXTNTON, LYNCHBUHG, CHABLOTTB8VILLE,

BICEMOND, FETEBSBTTBG, NOBFOLK,
And Prinoipal Virginia Points,

H. W. FULLER, Gen. Pass. Agt C. A O. Ry., Washington, D. a

1903.]

THE SOUTHERN PLANTER.

295

The following list of papers and periodicals
•re the most popular ones In this section
We can SAVE YOU MONEY on whatever
journal yon wish.

DATTiTEB. priob with

ALONE. PLAHTin.

Tlmes-Dlspatch. Richmond, Va tS 00 $5 00

The Post, Washington, D. C 6 00 « 00

The Sun, Baltimore, Md 00 40

News-Leader, Blobmocd, Va S 00 S 00

TRt-WEEKLY.
The World (thrl06*-week), N. Y 1 00 1 25

WEEKLIES.

Harper's Weekly 4 UO 4 00

" Bazaar 1 00 ] 40

Montgomery Advertiser 1 00 1 00

Nashville American 50 75

The Baltimore Sun 1 00 1 36

Breeder's Gazette 2 00 1 76

Hoard's Dairyman 1 00 1 35

Oonutry Gentleman 1 50 1 76

Tlmes-Dlspatch, Richmond, Va 1 00 i 25

Religions Herald, Richmond, Va.... 2 00 2 26

Central Presbyterian, " "... 2 00 2 SO

Christian Advocate, " " ... l 60 1 75

Tort Field and Farm 4 00 4 00

Spirit of the Times 4 00 4 00

Horseman 8 00 8 00

SEMI-MONTHLIES.

Wool Markets and Sheep 50 75

Dairy and Creamery 50 7S

Commercial Poultry 60 75

Allthree 1 50 i 15

MONTHLIE8.

North American Review 6 00 5 00

The Century Magazine 4 00 4 25

8t. Nicholas " 8 00 3 26

Upplncott'i " 2 50 2 50

Harper's " 4 00 4 00

Forum " 3 00 8 25

Borlbner's " 8 00 8 25

Frank LesUes " 1 00 1 86

Cosmopolitan " 1 00 1 86

Everybody's " 1 00 1 86

Mnnsey " 1 00 1 35

Strand " 1 26 1 66

McClnre's " 1 OO 1 36

Argosy " 1 00 1 36

Review of Reviews 2 50 2 75

Leisure Hours 1 00 1 25

Blooded Stock 60 60

Where you desire to subscribe to two or more
of the publications named, you can arrive at
the net subscription price by deducting 50
cents from "our price with the Planter." If
yon desire to subscribe to any other publica
tlons not listed here, write us and we will
cheerfully quote clubbing or net subscription
rates.

Subscribers whose time does not expire
until later can take advantage of onr club
rates, and have their subscription advanced
one year from date of expiration of their
inbsoriptlon to either the Planter or any of
the other publications mentioned.

Don't hesitate to write us for any informa-
tion desired ; we will cheerfully answer any
eorrespondenoe.

We furnish no tample copies of other perl-
oOioals.

Seed House of the South

CBIK^ON

C1.0VKR,

liDCEBirB

OI.OTKR,

CI.OTKR,

JAPAN

OI.OTXR,

TIKOTHTI'.

BVCKWBEAT.
OATS and
CANE 8KE».

"Whatsoever One Soweth. That Shall He Reap."

We sell strictly reliable FISI^D AND OABD£N SEEDS •»

everj rariety at I<owest Market rates, incladed in wbicli

are BAGIiAND'S PEDIGREE TOBACCO SEEDS.

.we ALSO SEi-L

Onr Othtil Brands of Fertilizers

For Tobacco, Corn. Wheat. Potatoes, &c.

Pore Raw-Bone Heal, NoTa Scotia and YirKinia Plaster ancS

Fertilizing Materials generally.

Partiea wiahing to purchase will find it to their interest to price our goods.
Samples seut by mail when desired.

Wm. A. Miller & Son, 0

iOI6 Main Street
LYNCHBURG, VA.

Headquarters for
Nursery Stock.

We make a specialty of handling dealers' orders.

ALL STOCK TRUE TO NAME.

Apples,

Pears,

Peach,

Plum,

Apricots,

Nectarines, Pecans, Ornamental and

Cherry, Chestnuts, Shade Trees,

Quinces, Walnuts, Evergreens,

Almonds, Small Fruits, Roses, Etc.

CALIFORNIA PRIVET, for Hedging.

WRITE FOR CATALOGUE.

..AGENTS WANTED.,

FRANKLIN DAVIS NURSERY Co.,

Baltimore, Md.

296

THE SOUTHERN PLANTER.

April

LABOR-SAVING IMPLEMENTS AND MACHINERY.

Oom Planter.

PHDM PI ANTFR^ '^^^ HOOSIER, both single and double row, with

and without fertilizer attachment. Tbe SPANGLER

for Corn, Peaa and Sorghum.

Pill TIUATnDQ PLANET Jr. and
UULillff AlUIIOi IRON AGE Culti-

vators and Horse Hoes. CONTINENTAL Disc
Corn Planter. Cultivators and Harrows, the best in the world.

Spring tooth attachments for Cultivator. RODERICK LEAN steel lever harrows for
one, two and three three horses.

THE SOUTH
BEND CHILLED
PLOWS.

DISC CULTIVATOR.

HOBSE HOE.

Wood or Steel beam ; all sizes. Guaranteed equal to any made.
THE CELEBRATED

HANCOCK DISC PLOW.

Single or Double Disc.

DISC HABEOWS— All Siz^s.

SPIKE TOOTH HAHBOW.

THE OLD RELIABLE

PEERLESS ENGINES.

SAW MILLS and
THRESHING MACHINES.

The FISH, The WEBER and The CHAMPION Wagons

IN ALL SIZES.

General agency for the Columbus Buggy Co., Col-
umbus, Ohio, A. Wrenn & Sons, Norfolk, Va., and
other celebrated makers of vehicles. All grades in
stock.

Harness, Robes and Whips, Pittsbtirg Per-
fect Wire Fencing, welded by electricity. Circular
for the asking, Correspondence solicited. ^,'.

THE WATT PLOW CO., IJI51 SiAfrsx^lT-ilRichmond, Va,

1903.]

THE SOUTHERN PLANTER.

297

Seasonable Implements of Latest Patterns.

EsUblished by
GEO. WATT, 1840.

Deere disc cultivator.

THE CALL- WATT CO.,

BIGHMOND, VIRGINIA.

The WATT, CROWN, and ORES- j^
CENT PLOWS. ^

Especially adapted to the Corn
Grower. Equally adapted to the To-
bacco Planter, the Cotton Planter and
the Gardener.

DISC HARROWS— All sizes.

Independent Flexible Ganges, ope-
rated by one or two levers. No end thrust.

DUST PROOF BEA.RING BOXES.
Flexible Scrapers. ^Steel Shanks.

All Steel Lever Harrows. Made up
of sections of 25 teeth each. We have the
Continuous frame with sprihg trip,
which relieves all strain on the teeth, or the
U Bar, by means of the lever instantly
changed to a straight or slanting tooth
harrow.

The DEERE SINGLE and
DOUBLE ROW CORN PLANTER.

The Corn Drop works on the " edge
selection principle. Simple in construc-
tion and next to impossible to get out of or-
der. These Planters have features not
possessed by any other, and are fully de-
scribed in special circular.

The EMPIRE SINGLE ROW
CORN PLANTER with the celebrated
Marks Force Feed Fertilizer. The lightest
Combination Planter made.

The EUREKA CORN PLANTER.
Known so long as to require no special
description.

The DEERE DISC CULTIVATOR
is made almost entirely of Steel and Mal-
leable Iron. Light weight and great
strength. High solid steel arch.
Wheels adjustable in width. Pivoted
Tongue. Dust proof bearing boxes. Con-
vertible into an Eight Disc Harrow or a
Spring Tooth Cultivator.

The DEERE RIDING and WALK-
ING CULTIVATORS. With four or
six shovels or spring teeth,
features not found in any other.

HANFRED CALL,
Hanager,

J ^~n IT

LEVER HARROW.

DEERE DOUBLE ROW PLANTER.

Walkinq Cultivator.

Iron Age Cultivators, Iron Age Combined Cultivator and Harrow. Double
Shovel Plows^ Feed and Ensilage Cutters, Peo Hullers, Threshers, Engines,
Saw Mills^ Grain Drills^ Hoe or Disc, farm Wagons, Buggies, Road Carts.
Implements, Machinery and Vehicles for all purposes.

WRITE FOR DESCRIPTIVE CIRCIJIiARS.

Le.wU'i'ifaTn'andclTJ: MCHMOND. VA. THE CALL- WATT CO.

298

THE SOUTHERN PLANTER.

[April

"THE EARLY BIRD ' V°» ^now ttc Rest

I mention this well-known adage, because so many of my customers
have proved the old and true saying about the early bird— what he
caught. He got the best, and he got there first. Now, you must do the
same thing. You know our prices all "change without notice"— so send
your orders in on time, and you will get the pick and choice of every-
thing—though we keep nothing but the best. We buy at the market
and sell at the market. Write for prices and I will be delighted to send
them to you as fast as your mail service can carry them. I have at this
writing but I don't know how long they will last :

10,000 bushels Feed Oats

40

6,000 bushels Mixed Corn „ 60

Both of these are big drives, and you should
order at once.

600 kits of Large Mackerel, per kit l 25

6,000 bushels Early Bose Potatoes- 70

4,000 bushels Burbank Seed Potatoes 75

10 large bars Laundry Soap 25

60,000 lbs. Rock or Lump Salt for stock.

Take 1,000 lbs, and I will make it for 7 60

600 bbls. North Carolina Cut Herrings.... 4 75

600 bbls. Lime, Cement, Plaster, at cost.

Paints, Oils, Nails, and everything that is
needed by a Farmer we keep, and will
sell at actual cost to reduce our stock.

Drop me a line, keep in touch with head-
quarters, and by doing this you save money.

READ CAREFULLY THE rOLLOWING PRICES

wines, lilqnors and Cordials.

Gibson's fine old Rye Whiskey, six
j-ears old— Quarts, 75c., or gallon,

jugs free $3 00

Bumgardner's fine old Rye Whis-
key, six years old, per gal 2 75

Fine old Anderson County gal. (this

^ is four years old) 2 00

Clemmer's fine old Rye, three sum-
mers (it is thick and drinks like

nectar), quart 40

Fulcher's old Mountain Dew, guart, 45
Imported Juniper Gin. For Kidney
aiid kindred troubles it gives in-
stant relief, and you should get a

quart — only 45

346 bottles, quarts, imported Three

Star French Brandy 75

McDermott's Pure Old Malt Whis-

"key, quart 85

Pure old Northampton Apple Bran-
dy, 7 years old, strictly choice, gal. 2 CO

Old Rye Whiskey,* years old 2 00

Pure 0\d Virginia Apple Brandy 2 00

Blackberry Brandy, per gallon 75

Good Holland Gin 1 50

Duffy's Malt Whiskey 85

Floor.

Pillsbnry Flour, per bbl 4 90

Pillsbury, per bag 32

Graham Flour, per bag 25

Dunlop Patent Flour, bbl 4 50

Dunlop, per bag 29

Byrd Island Flour, per bbl 4 40

Jersey Lily Flour, per bbl 4 00

Fine Fairy Flour, per bbl 8 85

Best Family Flour 4 25

Seeds.

Sapling Clover Seed, per bushel $7 50

Alfelfe Seed, " 7 40

Alsyke Seed, " 9 50

Timothy Seed, " 2 75

Orchard Grass Seed, •' 2 10

Tall Meadow Oats, " 2 00

White Clover Seed, " 13 00

Potato Onion Sets, " 2 00

Black Spring Oats, " 52

Rust Proof Oats, " 65

Turf Oats, " 70

Fine Winter Turf Oats (seed) 75

Prime Winter Seed Oats 60

1,000 bushels Seed Rye 68

10,000 bushels Choice Seed Potatoes,
all varieties — Early Rose, Burbanks,
Beauty Hebrons. Am prepared to make
very low prices.

I have everythine; that is required by
a Farmer, from a 1,000 Acre Farm to a
Mouse Trap. Write for my Price-List
that will give you more information than
a gossiping woman.

Sngar.

Best American Granulated 4J

White A Sugar, per lb .... 4|

Cut Loaf 6

Powdered 6

Light Brown Sugar, 6 lbs 25

Bacon and iLard.

Best Sugar Cured Hams, lb 15

California Hams, per lb ~ lOi

Breast Bacon, per lb 13

Good Lard _... 9

Genuine Smithfield Hams, lb 15

4-lb. Can Cottolene 44

Country Cured Bacon Sides 12

10,000 lbs. Nice Family Pork 9

Feed.

Oats, per bushel 46

Ship Stuff', per 106 lbs 1 10

Brown Stuff, per 100 lbs 1 05

Good Corn, per bushel 52

Coarse Mea', per bushel 65

Best City Meal, per bushel „.... 70

Linseed Meal, per 100 lbs 1 75

Cotton Seed Meal, per 100 lbs 1 40

510 tons Cotton Seed Hulls— an ex-
cellent Winter Food, cheap and
nutritious — as good as Coarse

Meal for Stock, per 100 50

70,000 lbs. Rock Salt for Stock, per
100 lbs 1 00

5,000 Bales of Fine Shucks.

Coffee, Tea, Soap, Ac.

Arbuckle's Green C!offee 11

Best Mocha and Java Coffee, roas'd.. 18

Fine Gunpowder Tea 40

800 barrels White Oil 12

7 boxes Axle Grease ~ 25

10 Lan;e Cakes Fancy Soap 25

Crystal Washing Soda, light, smooth

and durable — makes washing easy 30

Washing Powder, 8 for 25

Large Fat Mackerel in nice buckets

or kits, about 15 lbs 1 25

D. O'SULLIVAN, Ifith and Main and 502 1 Marshall Ik, Bicliniond, Va.

1903.]

THE SOUTHERN PLANTER.

299

THE WONDER OF THE 20 CENTURY. .

The AGME GHURN,

MILK AERATOR and CREAM SEPARATOR.

Guaranteed to make butter from sweet or sour cream In from
three to ten minutes. The manufacturers offer JlOO to any one who
can beat this machine on time, quality and quantity on any given
amount of sweet or sour cream. Made of the very best materials
and is guaranteed.

It will pay for Itself In six months. It will interest and please
father, and lessen and lighten the labor of wife and daughter. It
is a pleasure to churn with this machine. I have used the churn,
as shown in this cut, dally since July, 1902, and it is as good now
as it was then. It shows no wear, and the more I use It, the better
I like it. In 3, 6, and 10 gallon, siies. Correspondence solicited.
Information circulars furnished on application.

Make a note of this and continue to watch Southern Planter.
Address
THE ACne CHURN, Lock Box, Richmond, VlrglHU.

ZESTPUL, BTiANKNESS.

Unexpected frankness now and then
gives a special zest to the humor of a
situation in Congress. When "Gabe"
Bouck was the Representative from
the Oshkosh district of Wisconsin, a
pension bill came before the House,
to his great vexation of spirit; for,
while his personal convictions were
directly opposed to it, his political
interests were strong enough to whip
him into line. On the day the bill
came up for final disposal a fellow-
member met Bouck in the space be-
hind the last row of seats, walking
back and forth and gesticulating ex-
citedly, bringing his clenched right
flst down into the hollow of his left
hand, to the accompaniment of ex-
pletives which would hardly look well
In print.

"What's the trouble, Gabe?" In-
quired his friend. "Why all this ex-
citement?"

"Trouble?" snorted the irate law-
maker. "Trouble enough! That pen-
sion bill Is up, and all the cowardly
nincompoops in the House are going
to vote for it. Its sure to pass — sure
to pass."

"But why don't you get the floor
and speak against it — try to stop It,"
suggested the other.

"Try to stop it?" echoed Bouck.
"Try to stop it? Why, I'm one of the
cowardly nincompoops myself!" —
Francis E. Leupp's "Some More Hu-
mors of Congress," in April Century.

Representative Hilborn, of Califor-
nia, after a vote In the House unseat-
ing him, retired to the cloak-room,
where he held a levee as friends
crowded in with expressions of sym-
pathy and good will.

"Well, Hilborn," said one of them,
"you are certain to come back, so you
ought not to feel so bad."

"Yes," said Hilborn, in his dry way;
"we all cherish the Christian belief In
the resurrection, but I don't think that
it entirely reconciles us to death."

j» TZXE j»

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ALL DESCRIPTIONS OF PROPERTY IN COUNTRY AND TOWN, PRIVATE OB
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ANGORA GOATS^

550 HEAD of registered and high-grade
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Clean your land of brush and fllth and double yonr
money invested. I HAVE DONK IT. Come and see
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and expenses.

19-See Bulletin No. 27, Bureau Animal Indnstrr,
Department of Agriculture, for information about th.
Angora.

M. M. SUTHEELAND, WytheviUe, Va.

300

THE SOUTHERN PLANTER.

[April

Latest improved FARM IMPLEMENTS.

Aspinwall Potato Planter.

Automarlo. Accurate and Reliable. Used
by thomands of practical growers the world
over. Over twenty years on the market.
Don't b« fooled by Imitations and make-shlfls,
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Special prices given on Studebaker and
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Built entirely of steel, steel forglngsand malle-

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Studebaker Buggies, all styles, Stude- cultivator on the market to-day. Write for olr-

... _ ^ culars and testimonials.

baker Carriages, Studebaker Carts,

Studebaker Runabouts.

Steel Lever Harrows.

Wood Harrows— All sizes.
Disc Harrows— All sizes.
Spring Tooth Harrows— All sizes.
Acme Harrows- All sizes.
Harrows of all styles kept in stock at low-
est net prices.

i9.aA:

Buclceye Force Pumps. Porcelained

Wood Pumps. Wood and Steel

Wind Mills.

ELI BALING PRESSES.

6> styles and sizes. For horseor iteam

power.

Write for prices and <atalognei.

The SCIENTIFIC Grinding Mills.

The Improved Foos Qas and
Gasolene Engines.

nnU'T CflDISET T AU the merchants
UUn I rUnUCI ilntownwboclalm
to sell Oliver Plows and Repairs only sell the
Imitation, Bogus, Cheap Goods. The only
place In Richmond, Va., to buy Genuine OU-
Ter Plows and Repairs Is at 1488 and 1438 East
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One and Two-Horse Planter, Plain or
with Fertilizer Attachment.

Cahoon Seed Sower.
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Three sizes.

CUHBERLAND VALLEY CORN

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price on any implements

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Superior Grain and Fertilizer
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Frick and Aultmen and Taylor Engines,
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Kemp's Improved Manure Spreader,
Three sizes.

' Bement" Improved Duplex Tooth Weeders.

Write for circulars and prioea.

HENING & NUCKOLS, ^iT&i», 143i-3i E. Main Street. RIGIIMOND, H.

The Southern Planter.

DEVOTED TO

PRACTICAL AND PROQRESSIVE AGRICULTURE, HORTICULTURE,
TRUCKING, LIVE STOCK AND THE FIRESIDE.

Agriculture is ttie nursing motlier of ttie Art8.=-XENOPHON.
Tillage and pasturage are the two breasts of the State. —SULLY.

64th Year.

Richmond, May, 1903.

No. 5.

Farm Management.

WORK FOR THE MONTH.

The uioiith of April iijj to this writing (20th of the
month) has been throughout the South the most un-
genial April wo have ever known. It has been one
succession of cold, showery days, with one of tli'
sharpest frosts in the first week we have had since
February. Following two months of excessive rai'i-
fall, this weather has put the land into such a con-
dition that no work has been or is even yet possible.
Tn the past three months we have had nearly one-half
<if tlie average rainfall of the year. As the average
rainfall of each year is usually about the same, we
may reasonably expect that this wet spring will be
followed by a dry summer or fall, and that the water
now in the depths of the soil will be needed before
crops are matured. It will be well, therefore, to con-
serve this by keeping the surface mulched with fine
soil as much as possible after crops are planted. T-
the semi-arid regions of the \Yest a new method has
been introduced for conserving soil moisture, Avhifl
is being found to be of great value. It is called the
Campbell method of sub-surface packing. Tb^
method is to plow very deep, and by means of a spe-
cially constructed implement to pack the bottom of
the furrow and then to keep the surface well culti-
vated and covered with a mulch of fine dust. Bv
pursuing this method of conserving the winter and
spring rains it has been found possible to make suc-
cessful crops on land where little or no moisture fall?

from June to the fall. An adaptation of this sj\"st(nn
niav be fmind to be of service here in manv seasons.

The condition of the wliear, oat, eluvcr and grass
crops are most promising. The genial weather of
March set them to gTowing, and this has continued,
notwithstanding the coolness of the month. The
average condition of the wheat crop on April 1st
throughout the country was 97.3, as against 78.7 on
April 1st, last year, and 82.1 the mean of the April
averages of the last ten years. Virginia is ahead of
all the States in the condition of the crop, which
stands at 103 as against 54 last year, and 84 for ten
years. Xorth Carolina stands at 100, as against 64
last year. South Carolina at 93, as against 80 last
year, and Maryland at 99, as against 70 last year.
Tennessee, Kentucky and West Virginia have also a
high average condition. Should there be no serious
set back during the next three months, the promise is
for the largest winter wheat crop ever grown. Grass,
crimson and red clover have made splendid growth,
Miul promise early and full crops of hay — crimson
clover is being cut alreadv for feed in this section.

The work of planting the corn crop should be push-
ed on as fast as the land can be got into good order.
We would, however, strongly wvge that too great
haste be not made. Let the land dry and be thor-
oughly worked before planting, even though the crop

302

THE SOUTHERN PLANTER.

[May

may be put in somewhat late. As we pointed out in
our article on "Work for the Month,'' in our last issue,
more depends on a fine condition of the seed bed than
on the fertilizer that may be applied. Corn planted
in cold, wet and cloddy land is not going to make a
good crop, however well it may be cultivated after-
wards. The best and most successful cultivation of
the corn crop is that which precedes the planting of
the crop. In our last issue will be found our views
as to best method of planting and fertilizing the cro]).
and to that issue we refer our readers.

The cultivation of the corn crop will require atten-
tion through this month and the next. The object of
cultivation is two-fold. One to kill the weeds, the
other the conservation of the moisture in the land.
The latter is the most important of the two. With-
ovit abundant moisture the crop cannot be a success,
and this conservation of moisture can only be secured
by keeping the top three or four inches in a finely
broken condition so as to destroy the capillarity of
the soil. When once the soil becomes consolidated,
moisture evaporates from it in the hot weather so
quickly that the tender rootlets of the corn are abso-
lutely i^revented from securing the food needed to
make growth. All plant food is taken up by plants
in a liquid form, and the amount of this liquid re-
quired is enormous. At the Wisconsin station it has
been proved that every pound of dry matter in a corn
crop requires 310 pounds of water to make it. To
secure this it is necessary not only to utilize the rain-
fall during growth, but also to call upon the reserve
moisture in the soil accumulated during the winter
and sjjriug months. This can only be done by keep-
ing the surface soil finely broken. To plow the crop
deeply will not serve this purpose. Plowing deeply
and exposing large surfaces of the subsoil to the ac-
tion of the air and sun is the way to dry it, and n')r
to conserve moisture. This method of cultivating
the crop has also the further disadvantage that it
damages and breaks the tender roots of the plant, and
thus curtails its feeding power. What is needed is
to encourage the making of more roots; rather thnr
the cutting off of those roots already made. Ye'
fanners realize how quickly the corn plant will fill
the ground with roots if the soil is in a fine condition
and well supplied with moisture. Long before the
corn is too tall to work tlie whole width between the
rows should be filled with the feeding rootlets of the
plants and to use a plow through these is to irrepara-
bly injure the crop. The best implements to culti-
vate a corn crop with for the first two or three work-

ings are a harrow or a weeder. One or the other of
these implements should be run over the crop before
it breaks through the land, and this be repeated at
intervals of five or six days until the crop is too tall
to be thus worked. Whilst this may seem a harsli
method, and likely to result in pulling up or injurin-
tlie plants, it will be foimd in practice to have ii"
such effect, but will result in keeping a fine mulcli
on the surface and will destroy all weeds as fast ;i-
they germinate, thus accomplishing at one time boll
tlie objects of cultivation. The number of tini'
which a crop should be cultivated in order to seci.i
the best results de2:)ends largely upon the character •
the weather during the growing season. It should lie
ciiltivated after every heavy rain as soon as the land
is dry enough to work freely, and at other time*
whenever the soil is showing signs of crusting or
whenever weeds are appearing. The advantages <A'
frequent cultivation are forcibly shown in an experi-
ment made at the New Hampshire Station,
where certain plats were given no cultivation, other
plats were cultivated five times and other platn
were cultivated fourteen times. Some of the
plats wore cultivated shallow and others deep. Oi
the plats not cultivated the weeds grew luxuriantly,
and the yield was 17 bushels of shelled corn to the
acre. The jolats cultivated shallow fourteen times
yielded at the rale of 80 bushels of shelled corn to the
acre. On the plats cultivated shallow five times the
yield was 79 bushels of shelled corn to the acre.
Where the plats were cultivated deep five times the
yield was 69 bushels per acre. A plow should never
be used to cultivate a corn crop. It has no place in a
corn field after the crop is planted, except it maj' be
in the rich liver low ground, where climbing vines
are so troublesome, growing between the plants in tin
rows. ;Vs these cannot be reached by a cultivator if
any kind, and hoeing is too costly, a light furrow
may be jilowed ou to them to smother them out, bui
the space between the rows should be cultivated level
with either an Iron Age or disc cultivator after the
crop is too well gro^vn to be worked with the weeder.
Keep the soil as nearly level as possible, and throw
no hills to the corn. The idea that throwing a hill
to the corn will prevent it being blown down is a fal-
lacy. If the corn roots have not been cut during
growth by deep cultivation they will have such a hold
on so large a surface of the soil that no ordinary wind
storm will hurt the crop. Hills thrown to the corn
only expose a much larger surface of soil to the dry-
ing winds and sun, and lead to drouthing of the crop
and a reduced yield.. Cultivate frequently and cuUi-

1903.]

THE SOUTHERN PLANTER.

303

vaie level and shallow. At the last working sow
eitlier cow peas, sapling clover, crimson clover or
rape, or a mixture of all these, and then in the fall
after the crop is harvested there will be good pas-
turage, the land will be protected from washing, and
a humus making crop be ready to turn under in the
spring.

The chopping out and cultivation of the cotton
crop should have attention as soon as the plants are
large enough for it to be clearly seen which are the
strongest and most likely to be left. The longer the
chopping out is deferred the less plant food there
will be left in the soil for the plant which is to make
the crop, and the more the plant is likely to be drawn
and spindling. Bring to a stand as soon as can be
done with safety, and then cultivate frequently, and
cultivate level. Do not use the plow, but an Iron
Age or disc cultivator. The same principles apply
to the cultivation of the cotton crop as to the cultiva-
tion of the corn crop. Sow crimson clover at last
working to cover the land in winter and make humiis.

Tobacco plants should be set out on well prepared
land as soon as they are large enough. Better to
plant small, stocky plants than drawn ones. In our
last issue we discussed fully the preparation of the
land for this crop and the fertilizer best fitted to
make a crop which will sell well. To this article we
refer our readers. The indications are that for good
tobacco there will be a good market next season as
stocks in dealers' hand are light and consumption i-^
active.

Peanuts should be planted this month. The de-
mand for these nuts has been good, and prices better
than for some years past, and the stocks held by deal-
ers are, we are told, small. This would indicate n
good demand for tlie next crop, as the consumption i?
a growing one both for domestic use and for oil and
feeding purposes. We are strongly of opinion that
if better methods of preparation of the land and r
better system of rotation was followed and more con-
sideration given to the requirements of the crop in
the way of fertilizer, that much heavier crops wouL^
be grown than the average now raised. The crop it
an important one in Eastern Virginia and North
Carolina, and the land well suited for its production,
but in many sections they have been too long grow,
on the same land without a rotation of other crops.
According to the census reports, the area devoted t'
growing peanuts in 1899 in Virginia was 116,914

acres, and the product was 3,713,34-T bushels, the
average yield per acre being 31 bushels. In North
Carolina, in the same year, 95,856 acres were de-
soted to the crop, and tlie yield was 3,460,439 bush
els, the average yield per acre being 36 bushels.
These yields are too small to be profltable, and fall
far short of Avhat can easily be made. Fifty bushel?
to the acre can readily be made by planting in a
proper rotation and by fertilizing scientifically. One
hundred bushels per acre have been frequently grown.
Too often the 'practice is to follow peanuts with pea-
nuts year after year imtil the land will not produce
a crop worth gathering. At best, the only rotation
is peanuts followed by corn, and then by peanut.«
again. This is too short a rotation. A more proii-
table way would be to grow cow peas or soy beans,
and then follow with peanuts, and after this crop
plant sweet potatoes — the three crops to be followed
each fall with crimson clover and oats or wheat
mixed, to keep the gi-ound covered during the winter,
and to provide a humus making crop to be plowed
ilown in the spring. A dressing of 300 pounds to
the acre of acid phosphate should be applied to the
cow pea crop, and a mixture of 100 pounds of acid
phosphate, 300 pounds of cotton seed meal, and 65
pounds of muriate of potash, or 30 pounds of kainit
to the acre should be applied before planting the pea-
nuts. A dressing of 25 bushels of lime to the acre
should be given every three or four years. We are
satisfied that if such a system as we suggest be fol-
lowed it will result in a much heavier average yield
of nuts and the fertility of the land will be main-
tained and enhanced.

After the planting of the staple crops is completed
attention should be given to the planting of forage
crojis. It is one of the cheering evidences of an
improved system of farming being adopted in the
South that we almost daily receive enquiries as to the
proper forage crops to be planted and the method of
growing and harvesting them. This is an indication
that live stock is receiving attention and becoming a
factor in farm economy. In the past the absence of
tliis factor has been the great weak point in Southern
farming. Live stock, instead of being regarded as
the sheet anchor of successful farming, was looked
upon as merely an incident of the occupation of land
and as a means of getting rid of some of the waste
products of the farm without regard to their profi-
table utilization. If the corn stalks and straw
sufficed to keep the animals, apart from the team,
alive during the winter all was regarded as well. If

304

THE SOUTHERN PLiJSTTEE.

[May

nov, vliy they merely pined to death or so near i-
death as to be practically worth uitich less in the
spring than in the fall. Now on thousands of farm?
the prolit derived from cattle and sheep is a large ele-
ment in the farm returns, and the resulting mauuri
a great factor in reducing the fertilizer bills. Tin.
is as it should be. No country ever became a pro.
peroiis, fertile, agricultural country without liv(
stock, and even on the highest priced lands in ili
world they arc the main factor in securing a prot^
table result from farming. To succeed with live
stock provision miist be made for their maintenance
all the year round by crops specially grown for thai
jmrpose. The need for these in a hot climate is of Ic
almost as great during part of the summer as in th;
winter. ^Ve have known few summers in which in
the South there \vere not one or two months, when in
the absence of forage crops, cattle did not suffer front
shortness of feed and make no progress towards ma-
turity or maintain their flow of milk. All this can
be ob\iated by growing a variety of forage crops
coming to maturity at different seasons of the year.
The climate of the South is especially favorable to
the production of the greatest variety of the most
nutritious forage crops, and due attention given them
will place the stockman in a position to compete suc-
sessfully with stock raisers in any section of the
country. In another article in this issue we deal
with tliis subject more fully, and to that refer our
readers.

When planting the corn crop don"t forget to use
some pumpkin seed with the corn. On the low grounds
esp(!cially pumpkins can be grown with advantage
in the corn, and will make an excellent return in the
way of good feed for cattle and hogs during the
winter, and at the same time do no injury to the corn
ci'op ; inded, some growers maintain that they help
the corn crop by shading the land and conserving the
moisture. Mi.x the seed in the proportion of aboufi
1 of pumpkin to 5 or U of corn. The Virginia Mam
mouth is a good variety to grow. If not mi.^ed with
the corn, see that a field is planted with pumpkins
alone. Lay of! the rows 6 feet apart, and drop the
seeds (two or three at a place) 6 feet apart in the
rows. The more fertile the land the better will be
the yield. It will pay to give the crop some fertil-
izer, say some cotton seed meal and acid phosphate.

\\'heii cnrresponding with advertisers, kindly men-
tion the Southern Planter.

FORAGE CROPS.

in our article "■Work for the Month," we have
drawn attention to the importance of making prepa-
ration for the seeding and planting of forage and feed
crops for live stock at this time of the year. The
number and variety of these crops, which can be suc-
cessfully grown in the South, is so great and their
importance in the farm economy so weighty, that we
have thought it wise to devote a special article to the
suljject. These crops may conveniently be divided
into three classes — first, those which planted now will
make summer forage crops; second, those which
planted a little later, say June, will make fall and
winter feed; third, those which planted still later^
say August, will make fall, winter and spring grazing
and an early hay crop. In addition to these forage
crops, there arc the root crops, which are of such
great service in tlie successful wintering of cattle,
sheep and hogs. Of these mangold wurtzel and
sugar beets should be planted this month, ruta baga
turnips in Jul}- and August, common turnips in Ati-
gust and September, and artichokes in ]\Iarch and
April. Among the forage crops in the first class
above mentioned are the millets (Pencillaria, German
and Hungarian), sorghums, and (south of the James
river), Teocinte. Pearl or cat-tail millet (Pencil-
laria, as it is called in the West) is one of the best of
the millets for making a green forage crop to be cut
and fed to cattle during the summer. Sown at the
rate of one bushel to the acre, on well prepared land,
in good fertility during May and June, it will make
a crop ready to ctit in fifty days, and will yield any-
where from five to ten tons to the acre, according to
the fertility of the laud. German and Hungarian
millet may be sown from this time until the end of
•J uly, and will make a fine hay crop iu from sixty to
seventy" days from the time of seeding. To make a
heavy yield the land should be in a good state of fer-
tility, and be.finely prepared. Sow one bushel of seed
per acre broadcast, cut and cure before the seed forms.

Cow peas either sown alone or mixed with sorghum
or millet make an excellent crop for green feeding or
grazing or for hay. To he used for these purposes,
they may be sown broadcast from May up to the end
of July. Sow at the rate of one bushel to the acre, if
sown alone, or, if mi-Ked with sorghum or millet, sow
three pecks of cow peas and a peck of millet or sor-
ghum. If cow peas are wanted for a seed crop, they
are better planted in drills two feet six inches apart,
and scatter thinly in the drills. They should be cul-
tivated once or twice, and will make a much heavier
seed crop than if sown broadcast.

1903.]

THE SOUTHERN PLANTER.

305

Sov heaiis are oue of the best feeds that can l)c
groAni either for cutting green to be fed to hogs or
other stock, or to 1>e made into hay or to be allowed to
stand until the seed matures for a seed crop. They
are the richest of the leguminous crops in protein and
fat, and at the same time are, like cow peas, improvers
of the land. In our last two issues, and in this issue,
will be found articles from farmers who have grown
soy Iwans, speaking in the highest t-erms of the value
of the crop and of its case of cultivation and curing.
Tliey are best gro^\ni in drills two feet six inchts apart
and dropped in the drills five or si.x inches apart. A
peck of seed will sow an acre. They should be
planted in May or June.

Teocinte is a most valuable fodder ])lant either for
cutting green or cured, but is not suitable for growing
north of the J ames river. It is a sub-tropical plant,
growing very much like corn, but will not mature seed
north of the Gulf States. This plant will make a
mucli heavier yield of feed than corn, as it stools
enormously after being cut, as many as fifty stalks
having been counted coming from one seed. It may
be cut two or three times during the summer. It re-
quires rich land to produce these heavy yields. The
land should be deeply and finely broken and the seed
be planted in rows tliree to four feet apart. Two tc
three pounds of seed will sow an acre. The seed
should be soM'n in ilaj-, o)-, at the latest, in June.

In the second class of forage plants — that is, plants
intended mainly for fall and winter feeding — sor-
ghum and Xaihr corn are amongst the best. These
crops may also be used for feeding green, sorghum
of the Early Amber variety being an especially good
green feed for cattle and hogs. The saccharine sor-
gliuins, like the Early Amber, are not so resistant of
droiith as the non-saccharine oneSj like Kaffir corn,
and it is therefore often well to plant some of both
varieties, so that if the season should prove a dry one.
there will be a certainty of crop. Kaffir corn will
stand drouth better than any other forage crop. Botl
the forage and seed are good feed. These sorghump
may be planted at any time from now to the end of
July. They will make a crop on poorer land thai
corn, but, like corn, will make the greatest yield O'
good land. They should be planted like corn, in row?
three feet apart and the plant be left about four
inches apart in the row. Cut and cure like corn. A
jieck of seed will sow an acre. When intended for
a hay crop, from two to three pecks should be sowi
broadcast, and the crop should be cut before the secf^
forms, and be cured like hay. We will deal with the
crops in the tliird class in later issues.

SUCKERING CORN.

There has always been considerable dift'ereuce of
opinion as to the injury which suckers do to the crop
of corn. AVe are glad, therefore, to be able to report
the following e.xperiment made by Mr. C. E. Day, of
Isle of Wight county, \a., on the subject. He says:
"For vears I have been pulling off the suckers when
I could have it done, being of the opinion of many of
the best farmers of this section, who thought it in-
jured the corn not to pull them off. I determined,
as it was a question of surmise, to gn'e the matter a
practical test.

"Last year I had a ten acre field of corn planted
after potatoes, which was full of suckers. Thinking
thev would reduce the yield, I secured a force of
hands and pulled them off, which I found to be the
hardest job of any done during the year. I directed
the manager on iny farm to leave two rows at differ-
ent places in the field with the suckers on. The rows
were 200 yards long.

•Tn the' fall, when it was time to 'get in' the corn.
I took two carts with some men, and superintended
most carefully the gathering and measuring. Erom
"the two rows not suekered I gathered three flour bar-
rels and a bushel and one-half in the ears. Erom the
two rows alongside, which were suekered, I gathered
three flour barrels and a scant bushel. So you will
see I not only lost the cost of suckering, which is prob-
ablv three times as great as thinning, but I made less
corn by half a bushel in the ears. I examined (but
did not shuck) the other rows, and could see no dif-
ference.

"Now, whilst 'one swallow does not make a sum-
mer,' nor may one experiment prove the truth, it was
so convincing that 1 will never pull off any more
suckers."

BETTER PLOUGHING PAYS.

Otmee Natioxs 1'eat us — Good Flows foe Good

Fl.OtTGHING.

Editor ,':^oidlicni Planter:

Flows have been going for some time, and will be
kept busy for a month yet to come. Generally, pain.?
enough are not taken by ploughmen in the United
States. The object of ploughing is twofold— to get
the stubble, rubbish, grass and weeds buried, and to
make the soil mellow, soft and fine, so that the roots
of the plants to be gTOwn upon the field may pene-
trate it easily in all directions in search of nourish-
ment and moisture. The cohesion of the particles
must be overcome and they must be loosened and

306

THE SOUTHEE]^ PLANTER.

[May

separated from each other, because crops do not grow
well among clods.

Unlike the food of men and animals, the nourish-
ment of plants must be in the liquid state, and the
finer the soil is reduced the easier it is for them to
obtain it. This being the case, it is easy to under-
stand that the better the reduction by ploughing and
harrowing the better will be the crop, if we only
"cut and cover" we should not expect the plants to
flourish on the "balks," nor very well in other places.

It has been frequently said, and is, no doubt true,
that ploughmen in this country do not take pride
enough in ploughing. In Great Britain ploughing
matches are of frequent occurrence; the ploughmen
by constantly striving after perfection become very
expert. The writing master's direction: "Every
line and every letter strive to make a little better,"
is as applicable to ploughing as to writing. In all
kinds of work unless there is a constant effort made
for improvement, the product will not be kept up to
the high standard. We must continue to do our best
all the time, or our workmanship will deteriorate.
English, Scotch and Irish ploughmen beat us. In
Canada also, according to Professor Shaw, the
ploughmen excel us. He says that in a journey
through Ohio he ,'did not see a really straight furrow.
AVe have young men in this college who can turn a
furrow as straight as an arrow course."

Some may say it is only a matter of looks, and that
grain will grow on a crooked furrow as well as on a
straight one. So it will, if the crooked furrow is as
well crumbled to pieces and refined, but such is not
generally' the case. Ploughing on a long curve may
do tolerably well, but on short crooks the ground
cannot be well pulverized, because there it is impos-
sible to maintain an even furrow slice.

Good ploughing cannot be done without a good
plow. Xo amount of skill or watchfulness on the
part of the ploughman will avail with a poor tool.
According to my experience a short plow with con-
siderable twist in the mold-board will mellow up the
furrow slice in a stubble field better than a longer
plow with less twist in the mold-board. The short
plow M'lll require more power to draw it through the
ground, because it is doing more work at crushing,
kneading and disintegrating the particles of the soil.
The long plow with but little twist in the mold-
board is best for ploughing sod-ground, because it
raises the furrow slice more gradually, lays it over
so gently that it does not become broken or kinked
and draws easier.

To do the best work, and for the comfort of the
ploughinan, plows should have wheels to regulate the
depth of the furrow and maintain an even depth on
uneven ground. This cannot be done with the clevis.

A\ heel plows were common in England more than

140 jcars ago. They used two wheels and four coult-
ers on each plow. The coulters were not all placed
in a straight line on the beam, but were fastened
diagonally across the beam, the object being to cut
up the ground to the width of the furrow slice be-
fore it was turned. The jointer, or diminutive ulow,
luiug in the beam of some of our plows, w^hich is so
valuable for getting the grass and stubble under, is
a modern invention. We find no account of it in the
old English books on husbandry.

Hales's Book of Husbandry, published in London
in 1753, says: "Ploughing is the capital operation
of husbandry." ''To give the crop the full benefit
of the land evei'y lump should be broken." "The
more we break the particles of earth the more we put
ihe soil in condition to furnish plants with nourish-
ment." J. W. Ingham.

Our correspondent is undoubtedly right in assert-
ing that the English ploughman is, as a rule, a
much belter u-orkmau than his colaborer here. There
great rivalry exists between the ploughmen on neigh-
boring farms and the work done under such circiun-
stances is of the best. We have seen scores of acres
ploughed so skilfully that the furrows were as true
and straight as though laid off with a ruler, and the
width and depth of each furrow almost mathemati-
cally exact. This results in an evenly grown and
ripened crop and rows capable of being easily culti-
vated bv machinerv. — Ed.

IMPROVEMENT OF SOUTHERN PASTURES.

WjUClI IlIIAl.L IT BE, TUEEE xVcEES TO EaCH HeAD

OF Stock, ok Thkee Head of Stock to
Each Acee?
Editor Southern Planter:

It lies in the power of each and every land-owner
throughout the entire South to determine the man-
ner in which he individually will answer the above
query. If he so elects, he can leave his so-called
"pastures" in the condition so many of them are to
be found in at this present time — to wit, three acres
furnishing but a very scanty subsistence for one
single head of live stock; or, if he so elects, he can
so improve the general condition and fertility of his
pasture as that a single acre of it shall funiish more
and better grazing than is now furnished by three
acres.

I have seen high, dry and comparatively poor pine,
sandy land, that would have beeu considered a dear
bargain at 50 cents per acre, so enhanced in value by
Bermuda taking complete and entire possession of
it (though much against the owner's will or wishes
in the matter) that $5 per acre would have failed to

1903.]

THE SOUTHEEIT PLANTEK.

307

purchase it. I have seen many acres on high, dry
and comparatively poor sandy pine hills that were
so heavily set Avith Bermuda and the turf so dense
that one single acre of it would, and did, furnish
more and better grass than was furnished by three
or more acres of rich bottom land where the so-called
"native" gTasses were the sole dependence.

One reason the average southern pasture is no bet
ter til an it is is on account of so many useless, un
sightly and pestiverous weeds that, each in its season.
are allowed to take possession and crowd out the more
useful and valuable grasses, as dog-fennel, sneeze
weed, etc., and that pest of every lover of good milk
and butter, the "bitter" weed, each and all of which
might be eradicated by a little effort in the way of
running the mower, or if too rough or too many
washes and gullies, even a sythe, and cutting them
just as they come into bloom and before any of the
seeds have had time to mature. Hand-pulling is a
somewhat slower, though surer, method. I have de-
pended exclusively on the latter, hence it is a mere
chance if I ever see any of them in my pastures, and
if so, they are immediately pulled up and more often
than any other M'ay, carried to the fire and burned.

I am satisfied that the leeside of a barb-wire fence
is a rather poor protection from either a cold north-
west wind or an easterly rain, sleet or snow, and ii
is an undoubted and indisputable fact that animal
heat must somehow or other be maintained and also
that said animal heat is far cheaper when maintained
from the outside by the aid of a good shelter, than
from within by the more costly carbonaceous foods.
ISTo pasture, even in the "Sunny South," is complete
without some shelter for the stock to rim to from
sudden northers, etc. "The merciful man is merci-
ful ti his beast."

Sufficient timber should be left for necessary
shade, but as grass does not, and cannot, thrive where
shade is too dense, all tiinber not actually needed for
shade is a detriment to the pasture, and should be
cut down without mercy.

Whaever arrangements are made about water, and
from whatever source obtained (living springs are
best), the supply should be both abundant and pure.
Tlie health of the stock is largely dependent on the
water supply, and still more on the purity of thai
supply. The fence should connect with the barn
yard by at least a lane, if not other way, and be put
up so firm, stout, close and high that any and all live
stock enclosed therein shall be actually and positively
restrained from depredating on either your own fields
or those of your neighbors. This tends to keep

peace in any neighborhood, and may save lots of
trouble, both home and abroad ,as well as some ex-
pensive law suits.

The one great error into which many of our farm-
ing friends have been led is that something can be
obtained from nothing; that the pasture forms the
single exception to nature's inexorable law of resti-
tution or "so, much for so much," and that as the
animals are continually depositing excrementitious
matter on every square yard, or even foot, of it, that
instead of the soil of a pasture becoming depleted or
exhausted of its fertility until grass refuses to grow
and noxious weeds and useless moss supplant them,
that the pasture of all places on the farm should
finally become iuunensely rich and fertile, in fact,
the richest land on the place.

It is needless to undertake to prove the above to
be a fallacy; it proves itself on every hand the entire
country over and i n each and every individual
pasture.

To keep a jjermanent pasture in good order and
increase its ability for growing grass, hence its
capacity for supporting stock, the soil should be fed,
and the more liberally it is fed the gTeater the
quantity of grass furnished by it and the better its
quality, as far as succulence and nutrition is con-
cerned.

It is seldom necessary to apply nitrogen to a per-
manent pasture, the droppings of the stock and the
leguminous plants, as the vetches and clovers inva-
riably found in every good pasture, tending to keep
up the needed supply. Still I have derived both sat-
isfaction and profit from an application of fifty or
seventy -five pounds of nitrate of soda per acre broad-
casted in early spring before the weather has become
sufficiently warm for active nitrification to set in.

The pasturing of stock, particularly of growing
animals and of cows whose milk is sold, exhausts
the phosphate and potash of the soil very rapidly,
and it is important that these be restored if the sod
is to be kept in the best condition. To do this 500
pounds of a fertilizer containing 8 per cent, phos-
phoric acid and 8 per cent, potash may be applied
per acre.

Tt is a great mistake to locate the permanent pas-
ture on the poorest part of the farm, as it requires
as good soil, better and more thorough preparation
and a greater amoitnt of after-care to make and main-
tain a really poor permanent pasture than it does for
any other crop on the farm. But when all this has
been efiiciently and rightlty done, aside from the
vegetable garden, no other crop on the farm affords

3u8

THE SOUTHEEX PLANTEK.

[May

as uuicb satisfaction nor so much clear profit, thougli
more often than any other way, it gets the least
credit for it. G. H. Tukxek.

Biirgrss, Misf.

THE NEED OF POTASH IN VIRGINIA LANDS.

h'dlior boiitliciK I'lanlcr:

As ilr. J. S. Woods, in the April niHuber qnotes
nic in regard to jwtash 1 feel that some additional
words on the subject may not be amiss. Dr. Stubbs's
experience was in the low-lands of a river heading
ill the Blue Jvidge, and it is generally found that
where this is the ease that potash is plentiful in such
lands. But if he applies the results there to all the
sandy soils of Tidewater Virginia I think he will
make a serious mistake. The gradual decay of epi-
dotic rocks in tlie Blue Itidge brings down the rivers
tliat rise there a goodly supply of potash, which i-^
lacking in tlu; Tidewater section, where this is not
the case. It depends very largely on the nature of
the soil anywhere as to what its requirements are as
to plant food. The lands that are devoted to tobacco
in ?<orth Carolina are very different from the bot-
tom lands of Albemarle and grow a very different
tobacco. If ilr. Woods practices on the theory that
phosphoric acid is all that tobacco needs he will soon
iind that he is growing a very poor grade of tobacco.
While the lands of the Piedmont section are abun-
dantly supplied with potash it is doubtful whether in
most of the lands there is a suliiciency of readily
available potash for the tobacco crop. The require-
ments of tol)acco are mainly for nitrogen and potash,
as is shown in the experiments of j\lajor Kagland,
which you give in the Ajiril number of the Planter.
An excess of phosphoric acid will harm the quality
of the leaf more than anything else, making it, as
tlie growers say, "boney." The best crops of tobaccn
grown in North Carolina are grown by men who use
potash in the form of a sulphate largely, and while
the lands of Piedmont Virginia may have potash
enough available for most farm crops, if lime is
used on them it will be found that tobacco needs more
readily available potasii. Still, a great deal does dc
pend on the soil and its treatment. In Nelson counts
they grow fine black wrappers with no fertilizer but
the clover, while in North Carolina the growers say
that they cannot grow fine wrappers after clover or
peas, even when otherwise well fertilized. The fact
is, that every farmer should experiment and study
the needs of his particular soil, and not jump to con-
clusions based on local experience.

W. F. Massey,
Editor of Practical Farmer.

HOW TO PREVENT TOBACCO FROM DROWNING.

Edilvr Souilieru Planter:

I would like for many of your readers to know
wliat to do in ease there should be much luet weather
after weeding their tobacco. The rows should be left
nearly level after the crop has been ploughed. If
the tobacco begins to wither or droop go quickly and
get your horse and plow and turn the soil from the
liill again.. By so doing you will leave the plant in
a draining condition and the plants will soon flourish
again. I presented several thousand plants of my
crop of 1!>02 from being drowned by this means. 1
am sure this will be helpful to those who are now
preparing to raise the vecd in some of our eastern
counties. D. D. Cartek.

Halifax county, Ya.

THE VALUE OF SOJA BEANS AS A FORAGE CROP.

f'Jditoi- ,'^'iiiitlicrii Planter:

At this season of the year, when onr farmers are
]>lanning for their spring and summer crops, it would
be \\-e\\ to comjiare notes as to the value of some of
the eroj)s raised the preceding year. Often it is well
to exchange views as to value of crops raised, even
on adjoining farms.

We well know that it would be a mistake to try
and feed stock without a corn crop, but how many of
us have raised, in connection with our corn crop, a
ciop of Soja beans?

About six years ago I planted three pecks of Soja
beans in drills three feet apart and sown about like
garden peas. Tlie soil was a sandy loam, and con-
sidered above the average. This three pecks yielded
t\\'cnt\-three bushels measured, allowed to ripen for
seed and cut with sickle. This little crop opened my
eyes as to the value of this new crop for feed. The
dry, Avoody stalks were eaten with a relish by all
stock. I had some ground with corn — one peck of
beans to three pecks of corn. This made one of tho
best rations for milk cows I ever used, and also fin-
work horses.

The following year I sowed twenty acres broad-
cast and cut for hay and found them first-class for,
general feeding of all kinds of stock.

The next year I planted ten acres in drills and
began to cut and feed when in full bloom, and they
were relished in this stage by cows, horses, mules and
hogs.

Each year the yield of grain was about the same.

•Last year I sowed four acres on the 3rd of July

and ploughed in with a small Dixie plow; dragged

flat next day. The season was favorable and I had a

nice lot of hay. Cut when the leaves began to turn

1903.]

THE southerns" PLANTEK.

30y

yellow — before dropping — and this made as fine a
lot of hay as any one could wish for. I would not
sow more than one bushel to the acre when wanted
for hay, as the natural grasses help to make it easier
to cure. Don't house until dry. It may take two or
three days, but when cured properly it is one of the
best crops I know of.

Xow for the benefit to the land. If you will pull
up some of the growing plants you will find the roots
thickly "set" with nitrogen nodules. From this
source comes the great benefit to the soil, gathering
and storing for future crops the most expensive ele-
ment of plant food — ^viz., nitrogen. Corn planted
on land the following year after Soja beans will he
benefited by an increased yield of 30 per cent.

Experience with the cultivation of cow peas and
blackeye peas teaches that sowing very early gives a
larger yield of hay and less grain than sowing later.
The L'Oth of June, in my judgment, is the ideal time
for sowing cow peas and blackeye peas and the 20th
of ^lay for Soja beans.

Let the farmers who M'ant to try this new ( '.) croiJ.
and who think it overrated, plant three to five acres
and they will never be sorry. D. W. MoRnis.

Yorl- county, Va.

RESTORING THE WORN LANDS OF VIRGINIA.

Editor Southern Planter:

A great difference is found in what ai-e termed
"Svornout" lands. The "wornout" lands of the East-
ern, Xorthern and many portions of the Southern
States are brought to productiveness only by a long,
tedious and expensive process, biit the "worn" lands
in Eastern Virginia are entirely different.

Comparatively level lands, with a good subsoil of
clay, say from eight to twenty-four inches under
the surface, where the original timber was pine, oak,
hickory-, gum, beech, walnut etc., etc., are not "worn-
oul" in the true sense of the term.

Such land is like the blooded horse. The horse
may be thin and "worn" and ''run down" by hard
usage and abuse, but the bones, the hide, hair,
muscles, sinews and tendons are all there. The hoof,
the eye, the spirit, vim and vigor are all there (par-
tially dormant, it is true), but hay, oats, curry
comb and brush will resurrect, reconstruct and re-
store the thoroughbred and make a good horse of him,
because the foundation is there.

So with our land. If the foundation is there our
lands can be easily, cheaply and quickly recon-
structed, restored, rebuilt and made reproductive.

If poor, "wornout" land is open at the bottom so

that it will not hold mamire and fertilizer, and is
washed away on top, it is then poor and "worn" indeed.

Thin, "worn" lands, with porous subsoils and sur-
face quite rolling will require the best of handling to
bring them up, and such will not "stg-y there" after
iieing brought up.

In a recent pamphlet, issued by the Xorfolk and
Western Railway (said pamphlet edited, and very
ably edited, by Dr. Patil Scherer), the subject of
'"worn out" land is well treated. We recommend the
testimony contained therein to the owners of "worn
out" lands of Eastern Virginia. We also commend
the treatment suggested for such lands.

By the way, the subject matter in said pamphlet is
not only comprehensive, covering a great scope, but
it is remarkably well and concisely treated, and we
can heartily endorse the jjamphlet from start to finish.
The "worn" lands of Virginia are, in the main, all
rigiit for quick improvement.

XorfnJl.-, Va. A. Jeffer.

BLACK ROT OF SWEET POTATOES.

Can you, or some of your subscribers, tell me what
causes sweet-potatoes to turn black, and what to do
to prevent it? I have been told that fresh stable
manure makes it, but this cannot be so, as I did not
use any at all last year, still they turned black badly.

llanovcv county, Ya. Joiix Flick.

Black rot of sweet-potatoes is a specific germ dis-
ease which affects tlie crop in all stages of its growth.
Tlie spores of the disease infect the soil from the
tuliers and are carried also from the vines to other
vines. In this way when once it has got on to a farm
it is a most difficult thing to get rid of. Professor

Price, who has made most careful study of the dis-
ease, says: "There is no doubt but that only healthy
slips should be used, which means the careful selec-
tion of perfectly sound roots for the seed bed."
These healthy sprouts must tiien be set in soil which
is perfectly free from infection — that is to say, on
land on which the crop has not been gro-svn for several
years. It is impracticable to apply any substance
to the soil to kill the germs that have accumulated
there. If the seed j'otatoes are grown from vine
cuttings it is easy to get rid of the disease by plant-
ing the sprouts from these seed on fresh land. A
crop grown even from vine cuttings taken from dis-
eased tubers has turned out to be entirely free from
the disease, whilst one grown from sprouts from the
same tubers was almost ruined by the disease. The
manure or fertilizer used has nothing to do with the
disease. It is only propagated by the spores from
diseased tubers or vines. — Ed.

310

THE SOUTHERN PLANTER.

[May

GINSENG CULTURL

Ginseng {Panax quinque folia) is a native peren-
nial plant closely related to the garden parsnip, car-
rot and celery. It grows wild in oak and maple
woods in all the more Northern States and extends
southward along the Allefhany mountains. In North
Carolina this plant is found only in high mountain
valleys. It is found only iu moist, loamy soil under
deep shade. The plant cannot endure the sun and
when timber is cut out it dies from the locality.

The plant as found growing wild is from eight to
sixteen inches tall with from one to three leaves,
which are in turn composed of from three to five, or
rarely seven, leaflets. The leaflets are arranged like
fingers on the hand ; they are ovate, sharply toothed
on edges and taper pointed at tip. The flowers are
greenish-yellow and appear in Julj. The root re-
sembles a parsnip.

Wild ginseng is extensively collected wherever it
abounds. The rapacity of collectors is fast extermi-
nating the plant and many attempts have been made
to cultivate it artificially. Most of 'such attempts
have ended in failure. The plant is very difficult to
grow and only with great care, patience and consider-
ble expense is it possible to succeed.

The wild root, dried, brings about $2 per pound.
Cultivated roots often bring $5 per pound. The
market is China where this plant is the universal
nostrum. American physicians say it has no medici-
nal virtue and never prescribe it. Owing to the fre-
quent stories told of enormous profits to be made by
cultivating this plant there is a constant demand
upon the North Carolina Department of Agriculture
for advice regarding methods of growing ginseng.
To those who want to try the experiment the follow-
ing advice is offered:

J. Ginseng cannot be profitably grown anywhere
in North Carolina east of the mountains. The climate
is unsuitable.

2. There may be profit in growing ginseng west of
the Blue Ridge.

3. Ginseng cannot be grown in full sunlight. It
must have a loose, rich, moist and cool soil. Drought
is fatal.

The plant is propagated from roots and from
seeds. The plant produces seed in abundance, but
the seed requires to be planted immediately after it
becomes ripe, and then does not germinate until after
eighteen months. The best plan is to sow the seed
as soon as ripe in shallow boxes, tack wire cloth over
these to keep out mice and worms and jdace box
where it will be continuallv moist and well shaded.

Let the young plants grow one year in the seed box,
then transplant to the permanent bed. This must be
rich, moist, loose soil well shaded. Set the plants
about six inches apart iu rows eighteen inches apart.
Cultivate frequently and each fall mulch the bed
with straw or pine branches. If everything goes
right the roots will be fit to sell the fifth year after
transplanting. But a single drought may ruin the
entire ei'op at any time.

Mice, moles and boys are the only pests of the
croj).

In starting a new plantation, unless the seed can
be had directly from the plant, it is best to begin
with small roots, which may be purchased for about
$2 per 100. H. P. Kelsey, Kawana, N. C, and
George Stanton, Summit Station, N. Y., supply such
roots.

The plantations should be made from October 1st
to April 1st.

When ready for harvesting the entire bed should
be carefully dug up and the crop assorted. Plants too
small to sell may be replanted. The larger and
smoother the roots the higher the price. The roots
are simply washed clean and dried in the sun or in a
fruit evaporator. The following persons buy for ex-
port, viz. : Wallace Brothers, Statesville, N. C. ; M.
Sabel i' Sons, Louisville, Ky. : S. Wells k Co., 211
Vine street , Cincinnati, O. ; J. L. Cilley, 101 Gold
street. New York. Gekald McCaktuy,

Jidlelrjli, N. C. Biologist.

ARTIFICIAL PROPAGATION OF BERMUDA GRASS.

Bermuda is proi)agated most successfully by plant-
ing pieces of the sod. In the fall while breaking the
land wiih a turning plow, drop pieces of the sod in
every third furrow behind the plow and co\'er with
the next plow slice. Sow rye on the land as left by
the plow and harrow or drag it smooth, covering the
rye seed. In spring turn cattle on to pasture the
rye and aid the Bermuda by removing shade and firm-
ing the soil upon the Bemuda roots. Neither horses,
sheep nor hogs should be allowed upon young Ber-
muda pastures. These animals will interfere with
the sjjreading of the Bermuda by biting o£F the over-
gi'oiuid stems.

For spring planting, prepare the land by plowing
and harrowing as for corn. Open furrows 2 feet
apart, and in these drop pieces of sod every 2 feet.
Cover with a light furrow and roll down smooth.
This should be done late in March or in April. It
may be planted in this way at any time during the
summer and early fall by covering the pieces of sod
deeply. — J. S. Newman^ Experiment Station, S. 0.

1903.]

THE SOUTHEEN PLANTER.

3]!

ENQUIRERS' COLUMN.

Enquiries should be sent to the office of The Southern Plan-
ter, Richmond, Va., not later than the 15th of the month for
rephes to appear in the next month's issue.

Artichokes.

Will you state in j'our next issue the time for
planting artichokes, method of cultivation, and cost
of roots required per acre ?

Bedford Co., I'a. W. A. Pexxer.

Artichokes should be planted in March and April,
though if got in even in the first half of May they will
usually make a fair yield, though this is late to plant
them. They should be set in rows three feet apart,
and the sets be dropped two feet apart in the rows,
and the land be then cultivated during the growth of
the crop like corn. It requires about six bushels to
plant an acre. The sets usually cost about $1.00 pei
bushel. — Ed.

Applying Ashes.

Please let me know, through the columns of your
paper when is the best time to apply imslacked ashes
to the land.

Fittsylvania Co., Va. H. M. Watkins.

Ashes, which are valuable for the potash and lime
which they supply to plants, may be applied without
fear of loss from leaching at any time of the year, but
as they are slow in becoming available, they are best
put on during winter or in the early spring. — Ed.

Nitrate of Soda— Effect of Use of Fertilizers on
Land.

Will you kindly tell me in your magazine whether
nitrate of soda strains land or not, and if the use of it
is once begun will it have to be kept up and used in
larger quantities every year ? I have heard such a
theory from some good farmers around me, and would
like to have your valued opinion. I was of the opin-
ion that nitrate of soda was plant food in its most
available form, and that the reasons plants showed
such a change as soon as the soda was applied was be-
cause the food was immediately available, not that it
made the laud give up its own food. I may add, this
is my first year at farming, and I have no practical
experience whatever. Your answer to the above will
be greatly appreciated, and I am sure there are others
who would be benefited by your remarks.

Darlington Co., S. C. Pussell Acree.

Xitrate of soda is the most readily available form
of plant food, as it is in tlie condition in which plants
take nitrogen when applied. It has to undergo no
change in the soil except to be dissolved. Like all

other forms of plant food, the effect is, or oiight to be,
to encourage and strengthen the gi-owth of the crop.
The stronger and more vigorous the growth of a crop
the greater the amount of the available plant food
naturally in the soil which it will assimilate, and thus
talce from the soil, and the more of the tough, im-
mediately unavailable plant food it will act upon by
its root acids and bring into available form. In this
way all fertilizers and manures, if they are worth
anything at all, deplete the fertility naturally in the
land, which by their action is converted from an un-
available asset into a money crop. Any land pro-
ducing heavy crops must sooner or later become de-
pleted of natural fertility, and to continue the pro-
cess must be helped by good tillage, to get the bene-
ficial action of the sun, air and moisture, and thus
make available more of the natural plant food in the
soil, and by manure or fertilizers, or both, to con-
tinue the healthy growth of the crops. — Ed.

Crop Rotation.

I would appreciate a suggestion as to what crop or
crops may follow on land at present in onions. I
want something that is readily marketable. I have
alfalfa to plant, and according to The Planter, I think
the best land I have is in my orchards. Would you
advise using it there? Any information on these
two subjects will be greatly appreciated. I keep my
orchards in peas.

Haywood Co., N. C. John F.\rrior.

L We would suggest tomatoes (we assume that
you want a trucker's crop) or a late crop of Irish
iiotatoes.

2. Tes. The alfalfa would be beneficial to the
orchards and a source of profit as feed. We have
seen fine crops of alfalfa in an orchard. — Ed.

Top Dressing Oats-Cow Peas for Hay-Top Dress-
ing for Clover— Fertilizer for Corn.

1. Kindly advise me, through your columns, whe-
ther it will pay to top dress an oat crop that was put
in with drill on fairly good land, and on which I used
JOG pounds of alkali bone, a medium grade corn fer-
tilizer when seeded. If so, please, advise me what
to use. My land is somewhat of a red, stiff chocolate.

2. Which is the best way to put in cow peas to be
cut for hay. I want to use fertilizer enough to get
a rank crop of vines, so please advise what kind and
how much to use, and what time to seed.

o. I have a field of clover on red, stiii" land, that is
nearly in bloom. Some of my neighbors advise mc
to top dress it with 200 pounds of plaster to the acre.
Please advise whether you think I would get enougli
clover to paj' for the plaster above what I would ha\ (^

312

THE SOUTHEKX TLAXTEK

[May

got without using: the plaster, say the plaster cost 90
cents per aere^

4. Please advise me which is the best way to iise
fertilizer on the corn cro]), and what do you think of
])uliin<; about half the quantity I expect to use under
the croj) when 1 jilant it, and the other when I give it
the last working <

Halifax Co., I'n. X. A. Tclloii.

1. We have used nitrate of soda (100 pounds to
the acre) as a top dressing on oats with gi'eat advan-
tage.

2. Sow tile i)eas broadcast one bushel to the acre
on the ])luwed land, and cover with a harrow. Apply
from oOO to 500 pounds to the acre of acid phosphate
and work into the land before seeding. Sow the jjeas
at any time from the middle of May to the end of
June.

•". It is ^'ory doubtful if you would have obtained
any advantage from the use of plaster even had you
apjilied it just when the clover commenced to make
growth. Certainly you would get no advantage from
its use now. Plaster is very uncertain in its effect.
If the land to which it is applied is rich in potash,
l)laster will generally show marked results, l)ut if
jiotash be wanting, no effect can usually be seeu.

4. In our last issue we wrote fully on the use of
fertilizers on the corn crop, and to that issue we refer
the inquirer. If applying introgenonis fertilizers
heavily it is often advisable to apply part at planting
and the residue at the last working, as these fertil-
izers are apt to be readily washed out of the land by
heavy rainfall. The mineral fertlizers are not sub-
ject to this loss, and therefore may safely be applied
at, or better, some little time before planting. — ^Ed.

To Prevent Injury to Tomato Plants by Cut Worms.

Tell F. E. Oumhundro (page 2-iT) if he will get
some stiff ]iaper, not pasteboard (old postal cards will
do), cut it iu pieces 2x3 or 3i, and fold it around a
lead ])encil to form a tube folding the longest way.
Pul one of these tubes around each tomato plant when
he sets them out. This will keep the cut worms from
cutting his plants. Put them in the earth about one
incli, so tliat tiie wind will not blow them awav.

Cow Peas for Improving Land.

A\'iiat is the liest jiea to sow as an improver, and
is it Ix-st to turn them under green or wait until they
are dry?

Hanover county, I'a. II. J. Rosba>_h.

Either the black or clay peas. The black usually
make most vines, exce])t south of the James river,
where the Unknown variety grows well and makes a

lieavy crop of vines. Lot tlie vines die before plough-
ing down. — Ed.

Wtiitewash.

I would like to ask you for a receipt for whitewash.
Knu.r county. Tenn. ~S[. B. Gat.von.

An excellrnt whitewash that wears four or live
years is made iu this way: Slake a bushel of lime,
strain, add a half bushel of salt which has been dis-
solved iu water and six pounds ground rice, after
being made into a ])a.ste. Stir in while boiling one
pound of ground A\hiting and two pounds glue well
dissolved in a double boiler. — Eu.

Seeds for Pasture and Meadow— Fertilizer for Corn
Land and Wheat.

1. I have a field of rye that I wish to turn and
sow to millet, with some other crop that would make
a good winter pasture as soon as the rye is cut. Would
this Ik? practicable, and if so how many pounds of
millet and other seed should be sowed per acre ?

2. What would make the best winter pasture ?

?>. IIow mucli and what kind of fertilizer should I
use per acre with millet?

4. I have a meadow that I wish to turn as soon as
the first crop of grass is cut iu order to make it very
rich for meadow lUOl. Is it practicable ?

5. If so, what kind of crop would be best to sow
that would make a good forage '{

0. How many pounds of seed should be sowed per
acre (

7. How many pounds and what kind of fertilizer
should be tised per acre i

8. What time this fall and what kind of grass
would _you recommend to sow with timothy for
meadow ?

'•>. What kind and how many pounds of fertilizer
]3er acre ?

10. What is the best crop to sow iu working corn
the last time to turn down in the fall for wheat?
if. How many pounds per acre?

12. What kind and how many pounds of fertilizer
should l>e used per acre for wheat?

13. What crop would you recommend to be sowed
iu working corn the last time for winter pasture?

14. How many pounds of seed should be sowed per
acre ?

15. I want to make a piece of land very rich for a
premium crop of corn. In the absence of stable
manure what kind and how much fertilizer should
be used per acre ?

10. Would you please give me the name and ad-
dresses of those who deal in seed and fertilizers whom
you would recommend '. C. M. T.

Scoll county, ^'a.

1 and 2. We don't think it ])racticable to sow a

1!)03.]

THE SOUTHEEN PLANTER

313

crop for winter pasture with a millet crop. Sow the
millet in ]\ray and in sixty days it will be ready to
cut for hay. Then break the land with a disc har-
row and in ^lugiist seed with a mixture of hairy
vetch, crimson clover, winter oats and wheat. This
will give good winter and spring grazing. Sow twenty
pounds of vetch, ten pounds of crimson clover and
half a bushel each of oats and wheat.

:>. Apply 300 to 500 pounds of acid ]>hosphate per
acre.

•i. If you will refer to our article on "Work for
the ^louth" in the J\Iarch issue you will find a full
discussion of the subject of growing hay grass.

;"i. A'o crop should be grown nntil the grass seeds
are sown. AV'ork the land fre(]uently and get it into
fine (irder.

(i and 7. See reply to !No. 5.

•S. AVe always advise that timothy should be seeded
alone. The market demand is for clean timothy hay
nor mixed. For home use we would seed clover with
timoth}-.

9. See reply to jSTo. C.

10. If wheat is to follow corn we do not think it a
good plan to seed any crop at the last working, as
with a crop turned down it is not possible to get the
land sufficiently compact for the growth of wheat
after the corn is harvested.

12. We will write fully on this subject later in
the summer nearer the time when the crop is to be
seeded.

13 and ii. Sow sapling clover, crimson clover,
hairy vetch and rape, say five pounds of sapling-
clover, ten pounds crimson clover, twenty pounds
hairy vetcli and two or three jjounds of rape.

ir>. In our last issue Ave discussed fully the fer-
tilizing of the com crop. We refer you to this
issue. Increase the qxiautity of each ingredient ad-
vised to the extent to which you feel disposed to pay
for it. The corn crop, however good, will never pay
for it, but the crop may be largely increased and the
land improved.

IC. Hefer to our advertising columns. You can
safely deal with any of the parties whose advertise-
ments vou will hnd there. — Ed.

but 1 was not then interested in the subject and both
these gentlemen are dead. The dose will be a public
benefit.

A"('/(;/ W'iUlain county, Va. B. D. Moncukio.

Xux vomica (strychnine) is deadly poison to
either man, beast or bird if given in even a compara-
tively small quantity. We are aware that it is fre-
quently administered in two or three drop doses to
human beings, animals and chickens and is a power-
fid tonic in this form. We cannot, however, conceive
it possible to give a dose sufficient to kill a hawk to a
chicken without causing the death of the chicken as
well. We shall bo glad to hear from any one who
has e.\i>erimented with this remedy for hawks. — Eu.

Protecting Chickens from Hawks.

I know jSTux vomica given to chickens will not in-
jure them, but is certain death to a hawk which
catches one of the nux vomica-fed chickens. Will
some one tell me how much nux must be given in feed
for ten chicks % Dr. John Lewis, of this county, pro-
tected his chicks that way, as did Mr. R. T. Meech,

Soy Beans.

( 'ould you collect data from those who have raised
Stiy liean hay as to methods of raising and curing.
I tried last year your method of putting in small
]ulcs, l)ut it moulded before curing. M.

llioiiias county, Ga.

In our April issue information is given by a con-
tributor on this subject. We have never found any
difficulty in curing the Soy bean for hay or for seed^
Cut the crop for hay when in full growth. Let lie in
the sun until thoroughly wilted and partially cured.
Then put into small cocks or heaps and it Avill lie sc
open that both wind and sun can penetrate them and
complete the cure. It is not easily injured by rain
during curing. This is the testimony of nttmerous
grov\'ers. Mr. Morris, of Olney, 111., says he cuts the
(?rop when in bloom with a down corn binder and
hinds the crop into the smallest sheafs he can make
and shocks them up in long, narrow shocks and lets
them stand until thoroughly dry before putting in
bulk.— Ed.

Teosinte.

Will you, or some subscriber, give an article in
the May Planter on the cultivation of teosinte?
Have read great deal of it recently and wish to try it.
Mrs. Ch.vrles Guthrie.

Chariot fe county, Va.

In our article on i'orage (^rops will be fotmd in-
■formation as to the growth of this crop. It is as easily
;;rown as corn and should be planted and cultivated
in the same way. — Ed. f

Curb on Horses.

C I. Mitchell, of Brunswick county, Va., wishes to
know what will cure curb on horses. I find that the
most simple and eii'ectual remedy is kerosene oil.
Apply every morning and rub in gently until th >

314

THE SOUTHERN PLANTER.

[May

knot disappears and let the horse have rest until the
forward action of the leg is natural again. Kerosene
oil is a good remedy for any unnatural groAvth on
horses. It gently blisters and dissolves the knots to
which it is applied. It will cause the hair to come
out. lUib 0)1 a little vaseline and the hair will soon
grow again. H. J. Kosbacii.

Hanover county, Va.

Removing Stumps With Dynamite— Horse Apples-
Remedy for Scab on Irish Potatoes— Obstructed
Teat of Cow.

1. Will you, or some of your readers who know,
please give me minute directions for using djniamite
to remove stumps ? I want to know where to get it,
cost, etc. 1 have a lot of old oak stumps from 15 to
36 inches in diameter cut from one to twenty years
ago, which I want to get out of the way.

2. Will horse apples come true from seed, or do
the}' have to be grafted ?

3. I use flowers of suljihur on seed pieces of Irish
potatoes after cutting with very satisfactory results
for scab. It has the advantage of not being poison.
What kind of lime, sulphur or salt are used in the
tvash for San Jose scale ?

4. I have a cow with her first calf whose milk
comes in a sj^ray instead of a steady stream. I have
to put the bucket very near the teats to catch the milk,
What can I do to remedy it ? It comes this way
unless I milk very slowly.

Areola, N. C. J. F. Huntee.

1. Dynamite is sold by the railway supply stores
and by hardware merchants in the mining sections.
It is sold put up in cartridges, with time fuses ready
to be attached. We cannot give the price, but dealers
will gladly quote. A hole is driven under the stump
with an iron bar large enough to take a cartridge.
This is then pushed down the hole, with the fuse at-
tached, until fairly under the stump, and the hole
then tamped solid with damp soil and the cartridge
tlien fired. It is the most effective way of removing
stumps, but requires handling by careful hands.

2. We cannot say. Some of our horticultural
Iriends will please answer.

?>. liock lime, flowers of sulphur and common salt.

4. The mouth of the teat is obstructed and should
be opened by the insertion gently of a steel probe. —
Ed. . '

Obstructed Teats.

I have a three-fourths Jersey cow (four years old),
which calved at two and one-half years of age. In
light or nine months after dropping her calf, there
: I'peared in one of her teats what seemed to be a

gristle or lump at the neck of the teat, where it joined
the udder. The flow of milk from this teat was im-
mediately greatly decreased, and what she did give
was bloody, and consequently unfit for use. About
one month ago she dropped her second calf, and at the
time all her teats seemed to be in good milking con-
dition and all right, except the one above named.
That one seemed to have the same gristle in it that it
had at the time she went dry, but does not discharge
any bloody milk. Within the last few days two other
teats have got in the same condition as the first named
•lie, and the flow of milk has greatly decreased from
all three of them. I kept her well milked when she
ih'st dropped a calf, and thought I had her udder
well "broke." Please give me all the information
vou can upon this matter and suggest a remedv.
Caswell Co., N. C. A. H. D. Kixg.

The cause of the obstruction in the teats may have
been either mammitis, which is an inflammation of
the mammary glands, or it may be stricture of the
teats or internal warts in the teats. If caused by
mammitis, we are afraid that it is now too late to
remedy the injur}-. A ease of mammitis should be
treated vigorously immediately it is foimd out. It is
indicated by swollen, hard glands, which are tender
to the touch, and there will be fever present, the
muzzle of the cow being dry and hot. A purgative
of one pound of epsom salts in warm water should bo
given. A suspensory bandage should be made large
enough to take in the whole udder and to fasten over
the back of the cow. In this bandage or bag holes
should be made for the teats to pass through. The
bandage should be packed with bran and hops mixed
in hot water and applied as warm as can be borne by
the udder, the teats being passed through the holes
and the glands resting on the hot bran and hops. The
bran and hops should be kept warm by pouring warm
water on them frequently. Keep the animal warm,
and give an ounce of alcohol three times a day. The
cow should be milked many times a day and the
lumjjs in the teats be worked with the fingers, and
thus be broken down, if possible. If this treatment
fails, the teat will become iiseless. Frequently the
glands will gather or suppurate, and they should then
be opened when a head is formed to allow the matter
to escape. If the cause of the trouble is stricture or
internal warts, these can only be removed by an opera-
tion by a veterinarian. — Ed.

Injury to Wheat Crop.

Our wheat is turning red, and the top blades look
as if they had been burnt. There are blades all
through the bunches that look as though fired from
the ground. From what I can hear, all the wheat

1903.]

THE SOUTHERN PLANTER.

il5

tliroiigh the country is affected in the same way.
Please inform us in your next issue what is the cause
of the troulile, and whether or not it will hurt the
crop, and if anything can be done for it. The wheat
has a fine growth. We are both subscribers to The
Planter, and woiild like very much for you to answer
this in its columns. Yours verv triilv,

G. H.'^Walkee,
Charles City Co., Va. E. H. Stubbs.

We have a similar complaint as to the wheat crop
from many different sections. We believe the cause
to be the cold weather and the frosts. As the plant
has generally made such a good growth, we are hope-
ful that this may not prove hurtful to the yield. — Ed.

To Prevent the Growth of Horns — Buckwheat for
Bee Feed.

^^'ill j-ou please tell me how I can prevent the
horns from developing on young calves so that it will
not be necessary to use the saw ? Also, when is the
best time to plant buckwheat to get the best results
from bees?

Faulkner county, Arh. W. G. Denison.

1. Get a stick of caustic potash from a drugstore
and as soon as the little button from which the horn
grows can be felt on the head of the calf cut off the
hair upon and around it for a small space, wet the
end of the caustic potash and rub on the button. This
will burn out the embryo horn and no cutting will
afterwards be necessary.

2. Buckwheat for bees should be seeded in June or
July.— Ed.

Moles.

Can you tell me the best trap to use for catching
moles, and if they can be poisoned, and with what?
There are a great many round the house, and they
ruin the gTass by their passages under it, the hot
weather killing it out. H. G. C.

There is a steel trap sold generally by hardware
dealers which is as effective as any. Moles are diffi-
cult to poison, a.s they are not gi-ain or flesh eaters.
They are almost -wholly insectivorous in their diet,
and therefore are usually much more beneficial to
farmers than otherwise. We have heard of the ani-
mals being poisoned by arsenic mixed in corn meal
dough made into little balls and dropped in their
runs. — Ed.

Feed brood sows very little for the first week after
farrowing; by that time the pigs will be able to use
all the milk.

NOTES FROM SOUTHEASTERN VIRGINIA.

Editor Southern Planter:

jMarch, 1903, gave us no frost at all. The coldest
was one day at 35. The rain fall for March wa.s
6.01 inches, that being 1.37 inches above the average
March rain fall for the past thirty-three years.

Rain fell on thirteen different daj-s — namely, on
the Sth, 9th, 10th, 11th, 12th, 17th, 20th, 21st," 22d,
23d, 29th, 30th and 31st. No damage done except
in a few cases where the newly planted potatoes did
not come up even and regiilarly — one-fourth to one-
third the seed rotting in the groimd.

We ne^'er suffer from high water, as the only rise
and fall in our streams is the regular rise and fall
of the tide. If the entire rain fall of the year —
about 50 inches — fell during a period of thirty days,
the surplus water would all be in the sea within
twenty-four hours after falling; and it would not
carry houses, bridges or fences with it either.

While the surface here is only from eight to twenty
feet above the sea level, still our section is well drain-
ed. Our lands do not wash, and our plows are run-
ning sooner after heavy rains than in the interior,
where the lands are on edge.

^Vllile we escaped all frost in March, the full moon
period in April did us some damage. When the
moon gets full during the first half of April we look
for a cool spell, possibly frost. Just what relation
there is between the full moon and cool weather we
can't say; but still we look for a cool wave at the
time stated. The moon was full on the llth of
April and on the 4th and 5th nights there was frost.

Fully three-fourths of the trucking section escaped
damage, and the other fourth was not damaged se-
riously. The thermometer stood between 30 and 31.

The tender radish was not injured at all. The
snap beans, just up, and the young potatoes and the
strawberry bloom in about one-fourth of our truck-
ing section were slightly injured. The prospect is
good for a full crop of fruit.

A. Jeffee.

Norfolk, Va.

Whole or piece roots— Jacob Wise, a West Vir-
ginia nurseryman, says he sees no difference between
budded and grafted apple tree stocks. He strongly
urges the use of whole roots and covers the graft with
a wax made by boiling together two pounds English
resin, one pound beeswax, and one pint linseed oil.
He does not believe in the use of piece roots for
o'rafting.

3:6

THE SOUTHERN PLANTER.

[Mav

Trucking, Garden and Orchard.

WORK FOR THE MONTH.
The continuous season of wet and cold weather
which we have had during April has caused serious
loss to the truckers of Tidewater Virginia and East-
ern North Carolina. A large part of the early Irish
l)otato crop will be a complete failure from the rot-
ting of the sets, and English peas have in many
plaoes Ijen badly cut by the frost. The strawberry
crop has also been injured by the frost. It is proba
hie that whilst the total yield of this crop may not be
materially reduced, yet the return from it will be
loss, because of the fact that the earliest blooms and
berries have been injured by tlie frost.

The work of sowing and planting out crops of
vegetables has been almost completelv stopped by the
weather, and what promised in March to be one of the
earliest seasons known is now likely to be a 1 ate one.
As soon as the land is dry enough to work the main
crops should be seeded or planted. The hardiest,
such as English peas, onions, spinach, carrots, beets,
lettuce should be first got into the ground. Later
sweet corn, snap beans, lima beans and pole beans
may Ije planted. Then should follow cucumbers,
squashes, melons and cantaloupes, and later peppers,
tomatoes and egg plants may be set out.

Whilst ricli soil is absolutely necessary for the
best production of vegetables of almost every kind,
vet it is possible to make land too rich for all the dif-
ferent kinds of beans. These are very apt to run too
much to vine where the soil is.overrich. A piece of
land that was well manured for a crop last year will
usually make more beans than a piece manured just
previous to the jjlanting of the croj). When planting
lima and pole Ix-ans see that the poles are well set in
the ground at or before the planting of the crop. They
should be set at least a foot in the ground, and it is a
good plan to slay them by running rods from the tops
of one row of poles to the next row. Many beans are
lost every year by the poles being blown down. The
dwarf lima beans save trouble with poles and make a
good yield, but as large a yield cannot be got from
this variety as from the tall growing ones.

form the .soil should be thrown from them, as onions
ougiit to mature on the top of the gi-ound and not in
it. Wiiere plants have not been raised the seed
siiould be sown at once in rows a foot or fifteen inches
apart. Sow the seed rather thickly so as to ensure
plenty of plants. When as thick as a quill thin out
so as to stand about three inches apart. The Pearl,
the Prize Taker and the Southport White Globe are
varieties that make excellent crops from seed in the
iSouth. The onion set crop is one from \\hich money
can be made, as there is always a large demand for
sets. The soil for growing sets ought not to be so
rich as for grow ing onions. The seed should be sown
at once in drills a foot or so apart and very thickly.
Do not thin out. As soon as ripe they should be taken
tip and cured with the tops on.

C ucumbers, cantaloupes and squashes should Ix- set
in hills four or five feet apart each way. Give each
hill a good shovelful of manure and a handful of
high-grade fertilizer having 0 or 7 per cent, of am-
monia, i per cent, of phosphm-ic acid and 7 or S per
cent, of potash. I'lant three or four seeds in each
hill and thin to one plant when well started. Dust
the young plants with bone meal as soon as they arc
%vcll out of the ground and when wet with dew. This
will help to keep otf the bugs. Where melon bugs are
very troublesome the only way to save the plants is
by covering them with little frames covered with
plant muslin.

Tomato plants should be set out at once. In our
la.<t issue we wrote fully on this crop, and to that
issue refer our readers. It is well to plant a hill of
corn every five or sir feet apart This will save the
tomato plants from the worms, which prefer corn to
tomatoes. The corn can be pulled out and fed to
stock when the tomatoes do not need fttrther protec-
tion.

Where onion plants have been raised from seed in
cold frames thej* should now be set out in rows wide
enough apart to admit of working with a small culti-
vator like the little Plantet Jr. Set them about four
inches apart in the row. When the bulbs begin to

Plant sncccssional crops of sweet corn every week
or ten days until the end of July to keep up a supply
through the season.

Cultivate all growing crops frequently and keep
down all weeds.

Egg plants require rich, light land and a warm
situation. Give them plenty of mantire and a hand-
ful or two of rich fertilizer to each plant Look out

1903.]

THE SOUTHEEX PLANTER.

317

for potato bugs. They are as destriictive to egg
plants as to Irish potaroes. Use Paris green in
good time.

Don't forget the front garden and yard. Set out a
few flowering plants in the beds where they will make
a good show from the house and from the highway,
and sow a few packets of flowering annuals on all the
beds and borders. X dollar or two spent in plants
and seeds will make the home much more attractive
and home-like and add. to its value. Keep the lawn
mown frequently and the walks swept and free from
weeds.

ORCHARD AMD GARDEN NOTES.

Editor Southern Planter:

While examining a peach tree for borers recently,
I was greatly surprised to find six large ones and
about one thousand very small ones. The life of that
tree would have lasted about three months. Examine
the peach trees at once for these borers. Use a sharp-
pointed knife and a piece of wire or a nail to destroy
them. The presence of borers is indicated by gummy
exudations and sawdust-like particles of wood. The
best preventative I have ever used against peach
borers was made of white lead paint and Paris green.
Take one-half gallon of the paint and mix with it
one teaspoonful of Paris green. After the borers are
taken out of the trees paint the trunks of the trees up
to eighteen inches. Rake the dirt back around the
trunk and the job is completed. After the eggs are
deposited on the trunks of the trees and the young
borers hatch and begin to cut through the bark they
soon get enough of the poison to kill them. I have
also known this paint to save trees from injury done
by mice and rabbits.

To be most successful the trees must be repainted
each year.

At the present writing (April 15th), the prospects
for a good fruit crop in Southwest Virginia were
never, perhaps, better. Of course, the peach crop
has been damaged about 50 per cent and sweet cher-
ries about 25 per cent., while all other fruits seem
safe. There is the heaviest bloom on fruit trees this
year ever seen by me. If 50 per cent, of the apple
and cherry bloom sets these crops will be ample. It
is a great pity that some overzealous newspaper cor-
respondents should send alarming reports to our
State papers about the damage done to fruit, when
frequently there is very little done. It is a very

simple thing to learn how to know when fruit is
damaged, and there is no excuse for not knowing, by
even a newspaper correspondent.

The Virginia Polytechnic Institute, formerly the
State Agricultural and Mechanical College, is in
need of more money. The number of students at-
tending this Institution have increased very much
during the past five years, as I know from personal
observation. Being an alumnus of the Institution,
no one can be more proud of its progress than my-
self. Desiring to see still more progress in the agri-
cultural side of the Institution prompts me to make
a few plain statements about the needs along this
line. I think it can be truthfully stated that the Ag-
ricultural Department has no home. The agricul-
tural teaching is done in spare rooms at different
places. There are good agricultural buildings at
many other agricultural and mechanical colleges with
fine agricultural laboratories, libraries, seed roomis,
tool rooms, soil physics rooms, stock judging rooms,
etc. The sons of the farmers of the Old Dominion
deserve as good agricultural equipment as those of
any other State. While it is true that the Agricul-
tural Department has a good barn, still such a build-
ing serves a very small part in class instruction.

Students of the Horticultural Department are
crowded in small rooms of a Imilding which was n ot
built for teaching purposes at all. The building is
not suited for such work. It is a wonder to me how
any professor can teach any considerable number of
students in such a building with any satisfaction to
himself or students. The building is used also for
station work. Still good work in both lines has been
done. The veterinary department has a small, barn-
like biiilding in which afflicted animals are kept.

The equipment for the dairy is not at all adequate.

There is needed a large agricultural building to
hoiise all these related departments. This would
economize space, since several of the rooms and some
of the equipment could be used jointly.

The work along all these lines should be broadened
very much. I would like to see a short winter course
offered in agriculture, horticulture, entomology,
veterinary science and dairying. This would give
practical men an opportimity to learn something
about tlie latest methods along all these lines. Prac-
tical instruction and demonstration along these lines
would be a great help to the agi-icultural interests of
the State, but I doubt whether, with the present
equipment and the way these related departments are
scattered, such a course would be feasible. These

318

THE SOUTHER?^ PLANTER.

[May

short winter courses of practical instruction have
been successful at every agricultural and mechanical
college that I am familiar with where the equip-
ment was anything like what it should be. Efforts
were made a few years since to secure an appropria-
tion for an agricultural building at this Institution,
but no such building exists on the grounds.

There is not only need of improvement along agri-
cultural lines at this Institution, but with the State
Department of Agriculture also. How to improve
the many worn farms where the fertile soil is being
washed to the rivers ; how to rehabilitate the old
homesteads with all their interesting memories; how
to develop stocic husbandry, improve the dairy inte-
rests, take proper care of the immense orchards now
being planted, grow more grass and hay, better
forage crops, in short, to make rural and suburban
homes more attractive, are great things that affect the
jA'eal or woe of the State. There are no other inte-
rests of as great importance to the State, and this
fact is not doubted by any fair, competent and unpre-
judiced person.

Let the equipment come. We need it for the agri
cultural and related interests. R. II. Price.

Montgomery county.

ning a roller over them or by patting down with the
shovel and plant in each hill five or six seeds. Thin
to two plants when they have made good growth. Cul-
tivate until the plants commence to run. After this
time the vines should not be disturbed.

WATERMELON GROWING.

The best soil for the watermelon is a high, warm,
sandy soil. Land that has been newly cleared or an
old field that has been laying out some years are
usually good places for melons. It is well not to
plant them on land which has grown melons within
the last two or three years, as a fungoid disease
which affects the plant seriously and causes failure of
crop is kept alive in the soil on which a diseased crop
has been grown, and will assuredly affect a crop
planted on such land within two or three years. Pre-
pare the land well by deep breaking so that moisture
will be conserved in the soil. Lay off the rows in
checks ten or twelve feet a part each way and plant
at the intersection of the rows. Throw out the soil
at the intersection of the rows for a space of four or
five feet each waj'. In the hole thus made fill in a
few shovelfuls of a good compost of well-rotted
mature and woods mould and add a few handfuls of
a rich fertilizer analyzing C per cent, ammonia, 4 per
cent, phosphoric acid and 7 per cent, potash, which
may be made up of 300 pounds of nitrate of soda.
750 pounds cotton seed meal, 750 pounds acid phos-
phate and 250 pounds of muriate of potash to make
a ton. Mix the fertilizer and compost well and cover
with good soil. Make the hills solid by either run-

CANTALOUPE GROWING.

Mr. W. F. Allen, of Salisbury, Md., one of the
largest cantaloupe growers in the South, gave the
following description of his method of growing and
ha7idling the crop at a recent' meeting of the Mary-
laud Horticultural Society :

"My experience has been that one of the most im-
portant items in profitable cantaloupe culture is good
seed, true to name, of the variety that you have de-
cided to grow, to commence with, as I know of no
crop where more harm can be done with poor or
mixed seed than with the cantaloupe crop.

"The most desirable location for cantaloupes is a
sandy loam which has not been tilled for a year or
two or a clover sod, or, better yet, where cow peas
have been grown the year before and the vines left
on the gTound to be ploughed in during the winter
or very early spring, when you want to commence
preparing your ground, which should be well broken
with a Uvo or three horse plow and put in thorough
condition with disc, acme or spading harrow, or
something that would produce the same results.
After your land is prepared take a two-horse plow
and run out furrows about Scinches deep, 4^ to 5 feet
apart, going twice in the same row, in order to
broaden out the trench and clean it out well. Next
you must turn to your manure pile. A good compost
of stable, pound and hog-pen manure is very good.
Stable manure would be very preferable, everything
else being equal. I use New York citv stable manure,
as J cannot possibly get enough at home.
/'"This trench or furrow should be filled one-half
or a little more than one-half full of compost or stable
manure, as the case may be. If your furrows are
'ran out yoii can put on your manure even if the
ground should be frozen. If your ground is not
frozen or as soon as it thaws, if it is frozen, take from
your cultivator the front shank on one side and the
rear shank on the other side and provide the other
three shanks with 1 j and IJ inch blades and shut up
cultivator close enoTigh to go in the furrow, go four
times or more, if necessary, to thoroughly work the
manure in the soil, then let it remain until about ten
days before you are ready to plant your seed; when
your fertilizer should be put in five days before plant-
ing will do, but ten days is better; put about 800 to
1,000 pounds an acre, running something like 6 per
cent, annnouia, 8 per cent, phosphoric aeid,6 per cent,
potash.

1903.]

THE SOUTHEEN PLANTEE.

319

"The best thing to put your fertilizer on with is a
hand drill, which will do the work better and quicker
than you can do it by hand. After the fertilizer has
been put in take the cultivator which you have al-
ready prepared and go twice more in each row. jSTow
take your two-horse plow again and throw up a two-
furrowed list over your manure. Any time between
this operation and planting take a big roller that
will cover two rows at once and roll the rows off.
This leaves you a nice, firm, smooth seed bed to plant
in with manure firmed in the soil and moisture pre-
served to germinate the seed should dry weather set
iu. x\ow we are ready to plant the seed, and I
usually feel safe in maliing the first jjlanting by April

JDtli. Small, light weeding hoes are used for this,
and six to eight seed are planted at intervals of about
eighteen to twenty inches along the row; plant one
inch deep. One week from first planting plant again

I iu the same way, putting the hill beside the first one.
Two weeks from the first planting plant again the
same as at first, putting the third on the other side
of the first one. Three plantings are usually suffi-
cient, but if there is any doubt about gettinp' a stand
I would not hesitate to plant the fourth time, al-
though I have never found it necessary to do so.

"These repeated plantings are very imnortant,
especially in the event of a cold snap late in the
spring. If your first planting is up they may all be
cut off. The second planting would be already
sprouted and ready to come through. If your second
should meet a like fate your third planting would be
ready to burst through the next warm day, and you
would be a week or ten days ahead of your neighbor,
who waited for his first planting to come up before
he made the next. I made this mistake once and it
was a costly one. When the plants have made tiie
third leaf from the size of a dime to a quarter they
should have the first thinning and the ground should
be lightly stirred around thepi. If the first planting
are good, healthy plants pull out all but two or three
of the most vigorous looking. By this time all three
plantings will likely be up, and it may be that in
some hills the second planting will have the thriftiest
healthiest-looking plants. If this is the case the hill
may be established from this planting. It will not
be necessarj" to thin out any but the bunch, or rilant-
ing from which the hill is to be established, this time.
By the time the plants have the fourth or fifth leaf
they should be again stirred and get their last thin-
ning, leaving one plant in a place, the surplus plants
in the hill to be carefully pulled out, and the surplus
hills can be easily chopped oft' by one stroke of the
weeding hoe.

"Keep the middles thoroughly cultivated and the
rows clear of all other growth until the vines are
about two feet long, when all cultivation should

cease, and the vines will quickly cover the ground.
It has been my custom, and I think it a good one, im-
mediately after giving the cantaloupes the last work-
ing to drill in a row of cow peas between every can-
taloupe row with a one-row drill. These can be cul-
tivated after the cantaloupe crop is harvested and
left for seed, cut for hay or left on the ground, as is
ruo.st desirable. It sometimes happens that there is
a mat of crab grass on the ground by the time the
melon crop is off, and iu this event I often let the
grass and peas grow up together and cut for hay. It
niakes a very fine hay, only being surpassed by hay
that is all pea vine. JSTow the cultivation is done
and the peas drilled in if desired ; there is nothing
else to do to the crop until we go to haiwest it. One
hundred and fifty crates an acre is a fair yield. 1
find there is some difference of opinion about pick-
ing, and it is really necessary to pick them greener
when they are to be several days in transit, but I will
give you my way of doing it. The first half of the
season I pick them as soon as the stems can be forced
with the thumb to part from the fruit without break-
ing out a piece of the melon with it — that is, it must
come off smooth and not tear or break iu the flesh,
'fhis condition should prevail before the cantaloupe
has begun to turn yellow } but a cantaloupe that is in
this condition and just right to ship to-day will be
quite yellow and unfit for transportation the next
day.

"After the season is one-half or two-thirds gone,
and the weather is very hot, as is usually the case, I
find it safe to cut them off with stems after they are
full grown and become densely netted. It requires
careful help to pick a crop of cantaloupes without
considerable losses from picking too green or too ripe.
In either case those too ripe or too green should not
go in the package. x\n expert should follow just be-
hind every fifteen or twenty pickers to see that thev
are doing their work properly. Wagons should be
ready to take, the cantaloupes to the packing shed
soon after they are brought out to the end of the
rows."

HEDGE PLANTS.

I cannot understand the interest the people North
are taking in the so-called California privet. It
grows fast and makes a pretty hedge in summer, but
it browns up and losses its leaves in winter, so that
we have other things that are far better. The Amoor
river privet is far better and more nearly evergreen,
though it does bro-^vn a little. There is another
privet — Ligusfrum Japonicum or Ihota — which is
as evergreen as a holly. It is more dwarf in its habit
than the California, which is from Japan, too, and
does not need half the trimming, while growing more
dense at the bottom. All the privets are easily pro-

320

THE SOUTHERN PLANTER.

[May

pagatecl by long cuttings set in the open ground in
tlje late fall. Make the cuttings about ten inches
long and insert them full length in the ground after
taking off all the leaves. Work them one season in
the nursery row and then transplant where wanted or
set the cuttings at once in the hedge row and culti-
vate there. Head the hedge back to within six inches
of the ground the second spring to get it to spread at
the base and then shear it broad at the bottom and
sloping to a sharp ridge at top. Most people shear a
hedge too upright and flat on top and the base gets
thin because it is over shadowed. Advise your in-
quirers to get the Amoor river privet from the Barck-
mans Company, of Augusta, instead of the Califor-
uia, or get the Ibota, which is more costly and slower
to grow, but is far better when grown.

W. F. Massey.

IMPORTANT AND WELCOME NEWS FOR THE
FRUIT GROWERS OF VIRGINIA.

Editor Southern Planter:

For several years the Virginia State Horticultural
Society has endeavored to obtain better rates for
shipments of apples than have been in existence.
The Committee on Transportation and Marketing
was specially instructed to make representations to
the railroads operating in Virginia on this subject.
As a result of these representations it is with the
greatest satisfaction that I, as chairman of this com-
mittee have received official information that the rates
have been adjusted. Mr. E. D. Hotchkiss, general
freight agent of tlie Chesapeake and Ohio railway,
writes to this effect, and in his letter says, in part:

"You will, no doubt, recall quite a lengthy corres-
pondence and several conferences on the subject of a
modification of the rates on fruit from Virginia fruit
growing sections to eastern territory. The matter
has been one of consideration for a good while. I am
very glad to be able to advise you that at several re-
cent conferences this matter was considered, and the
following announced by the various lines:

''That the rates on apples from the Virginia ter-
ritory included in Charlottesville, Eockfish, Lynch-
burg, Staunton, Goshen, Lexington and Roanoke
groups to the following eastern groups, viz. : New
York, Newark, Allento%\'n, Flemington, Philadel-
phia, Reading, Chadd's Ford, Baltimore, York,
Odenton, Harrisburg, Hagerstown and Washington
be made — less car-loads fourth-class (former rate
thii'dclass) and car-loads sixth-class, the minimum
rate to be observed being to Baltimore 15, to Phila-
delphia 16 and New York 17 cents per hundred
pounds.

''The above is a material reduction on the present
basis, and I am sure will be entirely satisfactory to

yourself and your associates, and it will be our pur-
pose some time before the fruit season is on to arranee
to publish the rates in accordance with above * *
and for your further information I desire to say that
this basis will be applicable in connection with the
Southern railway, Norfolk and Western and Balti-
more and Ohio, the same as with our company (the
Chesai5eake and Ohio)."

The above means that car-load rates to New York
will be 252 cents or thereabouts per barrel. It is
with a sense of the greatest satisfaction that I find
myself in a position to submit the above information
us the result of our efforts on behalf of the fruit
growers, thus tending to advance the development of
the fruit-growing industry, and I now appeal (with
confidence after this showing of what we have been
able to effect) to all fruit growers and parties inte-
rested in this industry who are not already members
to join membership in the Virginia State Horticul-
tural Society, ilembership fees are $1 annually,
which can be sent to me, as secretary and treasurer,
at Crozet, Albemarle county, Va., and entitles each
member to a copy of our annual report and all other
privileges of membership. Our organization is
steadily increasing each year, and I believe no better
proof is now needed that the society is doing all it
promised on behalf of fruit growers. These efforts,
of course, cost time and money, and we need every
member we can obtain.

Our thanks are due to the railroad companies for
the recognition mentioned above. I feel satisfied they
will find themselves gainers by the increased impetus
that will be thus given to our industry.

Yours very truly, Waltek Whatei.y,

Secretary and Treasurer Virginia State Horticul-
tural Society, Chairman Connnittee on Transpor-
tation and [Marketing.
CrozrJ, Va., April 15, 1903.

We are very much gratified to know that the efforts
of the Horticultural Society to secure a reduction in
ra!es has been successful Great credit is due the
Committee on Transportation, and especially the
chairman of that committee, for the persistent way
in which he has followed up the matter. The fruit
gro\vers of the State owe ilr. Whately a debt of
gratitude which they may, and should, repay by be-
cojning members of the society. Concerted efforts by
a strong organization may always be counted on to
secure success sooner or later. Make the society
stronger and still greater results will be obtained. —
En.

.\.u old broom is useful in the stable to clean the
thickest mud from the horses' legs. Finish up with
a coarse cloth or a handful of clean straw.

1903.]

THE SOUTHERI^ PLANTEE.

321

Live Stock and Dairy.

THE MALE THE HALF OF THE HERD OR FLOCK.

For years we have been trying to convince our
readers that the only way in which they can succeed
in grading \ip their herds and flocks is by breeding to
pure bred bulls, boars and rams. In defiance of all
our arguments and illustrations, there are yet, we
are sorry to say, many who, whilst most anxious to
have better stock, yet begrudge the money to pay for
a pure bred male animal of fine breeding and an-
cestry, and therefore prepotent in power to im-
press his qualities on his produce. We are con-
stantly in receipt of letters from breeders complain-
ing that Southern farmers decline to pay more than
$50 for a bull calf or $10 for a ram or boar pig.
This is very false economy on the part of would-be
buyers. To want a bull calf six months of age and
weighing anywhere between 500 and GOO pounds as
a pure bred animal of the beef breeds ought to do at
that age for $50 is an imreasonable request. Breed-
ers having bulls at the head of their herds which have
cost them into the thousands of dollars cannot
afford to sell at such prices. Jfo man who wants to
do himself justice should hesitate to give $100 for a
bull calf, or $25 for a boar pig or a ram lamb when
he knows that he is buying pure bred, registered stock
from breeders of repute. The get of the animal in
one season, even when bred only upon grade stock,
will amply repay such an outlay. The increased
size of the calves, pigs and lambs and their greater
thriftiness will make them worth half as much more
when they are six months old as animals the produce
of grade sii-es, whilst animals kept to maturity will
show the prei:)otent power of their male parent in the
increased size yield and well doing on the feed con-
sumed. A long experience in keeping stock of all
kinds enables us to speak without hesitation on this
subject. Whenever you decide to set about the im-
provement of your herd or flock, and the sooner you
do so the sooner you will get into the line of those
whose animals are keeping them instead of the own
ers keeping the animals as is so largely the case now
in the South with cattle especially, for it is well
within the truth to say that more than one-half the
cows in the South to-day are costing their owners
money every year, instead of bringing money in ;
let the first step be the purchase of a pure bred, reg-
istered bull, boar or ram of the breed jou have de-
cided to adopt, and when you order him let your in-
structions be liberal. Do not say to the breeder.

however good the animal be, I will only give $50 or
$10, as the case may be, but ask to have the best
animal put to you at the lowest price the breeder can
alford to sell at, and give him credit for knowing
what will result in the most profit to you and the
greatest credit to him as the breeder.

BLACK LEG -TEXAS FEVER.

Editor Southern Planter:

I frequently hear of losses of live stock, or rather
cattle, from black leg, and I write to ask that you
will call the attention of farmers to the fact that if
they will take the precaution to vaccinate their young
cattle that there is no danger of losses from that dis-
ease. It is to be used as a preventative and not as a
cure. And it would be well to describe the disease,
as but few of them recognize it when their cattle are
suffering from it. Hundreds of cattle are destroyed
in this Stats by it every year when there is a remedy
at hand, or, rather preventative.

I am also a firm believer that the fatal Texas fever
can be prevented by the use of the salt, sulphur and
saltpeter mixture which I think you published once.
I give it to you, as I think it will do no harm to put
it before your readers again :

One gallon salt, 1 quart sulphur, 1 gill powdered
copperas, 1 gill powdered saltpetre. Mix and keep
before the cattle at all times, under shelter or in
covered troughs, and do not give them any other salt.

Fluvanna county, Va. Stockman.

We have repeatedly drawn the attention of our
readers to the importance of their availing them-
selves of the means afforded by vaccination for pre-
venting loss of cattle from black leg. In almost
every issue of the journal there appear advertise-
ments offering the remedy for sale and testimonials
as to its effectiveness. In our issue of August, 1902,
we published a report on the subject from the Veter-
narian of the Experiment Station at Blacksburg, in
wliich he showed that the average loss of cattle in
thirty Virginia coimties from black leg was, before
ihe introduction of vaccination, 11 per cent., whilst
since vaccination had been practiced the loss had been
less than 1 per cent. In this report the Veterinarian
says : "Tt must be remembered that vaccination has
no curative effect. An animal, therefore, which is
infected at the time of vaccination is just as
sure to die as one which has not received the
vaccine. '' ^ * Although the disease appears to
be on the increase there is no doubt that it could be

322

THE SOUTHERN PLAiN^TER.

[May

stamped out in a few years' time by concerted action
on the part of farmers by a thorough system of vac
cination and thorough destruction by burning of all
carcasses of animals which have died of the disease.

Black leg vaccine can be obtained from the Experi
ment Station, Blacksburg, on complying with certain
rules and regulations.''

And now, as requested, a word as to the disease
itself: It is a bacterial disease in which, under cer
tain conditions, spores (eggs) form which are capable
of great resistance to detructive agents, and when
once scattered in a field or pasture may remain for an
indefinite time, only waiting for an opportunity to
enter the system of a sTisceptible animal and produce
the disease, hence a pasture once infected may remain
so for years. The carcass of an animal which dies of
black leg contains countless numbers of these spores,
and unless destroyed by burning may be the means
of infecting a whole neighborhood. The disease itself
occurs much more frequently in young cattle ranging
from 6 months to 2 years old than in old cattle. It is
not often seen in calves under 6 months old. The
most fatal period is ] year and under 2. All young-
cattle, therefore, between the ages of G months and 2
years should be vaccinated. The symptoms of the
disease are loss of appetite, dullness, cessation of
rumination, harshness and staring of the coat, eleva-
tion of temperature, rigors, coldness of the extremi-
ties, lameness or stiffness Avhen moved. Tumors form
under the skin, most frequently on the shoulders or
the loins. These tumors are first hot and painful
when touched and then become cold and insensitive.
If incised a dark colored and foetid fluid is dis-
charged. As the disease progresses the tumors en-
large and the animal shows great pain, the breathing
becomes hurried and the temperature rises. After
death the animal will be found to be enormously
swollen with bloody froth issuing from the mouth,
nostrils and anus.

Texas fever preventive: Whilst this will do no
harm to try it, we confess that we have no faith in its
efficiency wherever the Texas fever tick is to be
found. :Ed.

A RECORD TEST FOR MILK AND BUTTER OF A
HOLSTEIN COW.

The secretary of the Ilolstein Freisian Advanced
Registry sends us the following particulars of the
testing of Sadie Vale Concordia. It establishes a
new record for the breed :

Sadie Vale Concordia, 32259, age 10 years, 2
months, 24 days. Record for twenty-eight days —

days after calving 5 — milk 2,565.6 pounds, butter
fat 'J2.327 pounds, equivalent to 115 pounds, 6.5
ounces butter 80 per cent, fat, or 107 pounds,
11.4 ounces 85.7 per cent, fat; best seven consecutive
days — days after calving 14 — milk 694.3 pounds,
butter fat 24.508 pounds, equivalent butter 80 per
cent, fat, 30 pounds, 10.2 ounces, or 28 pounds, 9.5
ounces 85.7 per cent. fat. This cow was retested
twice, the first time showing a product of less than a
half ounce of the average of the previous seven days ;
the second a product of eight one-hundredths of an
ounce less than the average of the best seven days.
This record is undoubtedly the largest strictly official
record ever reported. Owner, McAdam & Von
Heyue, Deansboro, N. Y.

As showing what such a record adds to the value
of the progeny of a cow, we note that Henry Stevens
& Son, well-known !New York breeders of Holstein
nattle, have recently paid $4,000 for the 9-weeks-old
Ijull calf out of Sadie Vale Concordia, the cow that
established new records for seven and thirty days'
production of milk and butter fat.

A FARMER'S OBSERVATIONS ON FEEDING-
FEEDING FOR PROFIT.

Editor Soidhern Flaider:

Next in importance to providing the kind of food
that will produce the largest amount of flesh, or milk,
at the least cost, is to secure a perfect digestion of the
food. A food may be rich in all the elements nature
requires to support the animal economy, but unless
the nourishment is extracted from it the food will be
of no value to the animal, or its owner, except for
manure. Digestion is the process by which the food,
after having been reduced by mastication to consider-
able fineness, and mixed with the saliva of the mouth
and throat to facilitate swallowing, jDasses into the
first stomach, is there acted \ipon by a powerful sol-
vent called the gastric juice, is subjected to a grinding
process to still further reduce its particles, the coarse''
parts returned to the mouth for remastication to be
again swallowed and acted upon by the organs of the
four stomachs and intestines ; the most nutritious por-
tions, called cliyle, extracted and absorbed by the
lacteals, or vessels provided for the purpose, is
changed into blood and from blood into flesh

This being the case, it will be readily seen that one
great aid to digestion when grain is fed is to have it
ground, and the finer the better. I am aware that
many western feeders have declared that cattle will
fatten just as well on whole corn as on corn meal,
and that with hogs to follow the steers to eat the

1903.]

THE SOUTHERN PLANTER.

323

whole grain that is voided, there is no loss whatever.
Eastern farmers with smaller corn-fields to draw
upon, and forced to observe closely and practice rigid
economy, do not find this to be the case. To feed
whole grain to cattle without waste would require
hogs to follow the cattle and hens to follow the hogs.
A neighbor, when showing me his hogs, said he was
feeding them whole buckwheat without cooking or
soaking, and thereby saved the miller's toll. Appa-
rently they were doing well, as he was also feeding
them sour milk and buttermilk in considerable
quantities. I pointed him to their dung, which con-
tained many grains that were entirely whole and
many more that were merely cracked.

"Oh, that's nothing," he said, "they eat the whole
grain all over again." Every observant feeder has
noticed that when hog-s are fed all they want of whole
corn their dung is full of half-chewed kernels, which,
unless eaten by the hens, is wasted. Hogs are
naturally so greedy they do not properly masticate
whole grain, and as they do not have the power to
raise and rechew it, as cattle do, it is utterly impossi-
ble to feed them whole gi-ain without waste ; and, in
my opinion, to force them by hunger to eat it the
second time, is not only improper, but positively dan-
gerous.

To make hogs eat the voidings of cattle may not be
quite so bad, but it is contrary to the instincts of
nature and correct judgment. "With the dung is
ejected the impurities and poisonous germs of the
body. No animals will eat their own dung or that
from another species, if provided with sufficient food
that is clean, fresh and of good quality.

The almost universal practice of feeding whole
corn to cattle in the West and compelling hogs to get
their living from the catties' dung, no doubt supplies
a fruitful field for the propagation of hog cholera.
Something must be allowed for the greater number of
hogs raised in the West, but it is a well-attested fact
that hog cholera is hardly known in the Middle and
and Eastern States, where hogs are mostly raised and
fattened on ground grain.

WTiy should animals be allowed to wear out their
teeth and tire their jaws in grinding whole grain,
which they do not grind good, in order to save the
miller's toll, when by so doing they are sure to waste
more than a tenth because it is not fine enough to be
digested ?

Numerous experiments have sho^\'n that it is un-
necessary to cook food for cattle and hogs, unless it
be potatoes for hogs. From the immense number of
great kettles manufactured at North Aurora, 111., it

;is evident that many farmers in the West practice
boiling potatoes and other roots for their hogs. Eor
tlie human stomach nearly all foods, except fruits and
berries, need to be cooked ; but the case is different
with animals. As nature has not supplied them the
means of cooking food it is reasonable to suppose
she has provided them with organs of digestion so
powerful and perfect they do not need it, and this
reasonable supposition has been supported by many
experiments. If grain is to be fed to animals with-
out grinding, then by all means it should be cooked —
not for the purpose of making it more palatable or
nutritious, but to secure a better digestion by making
it softer. Soaking might answer the purpose if it
could be soaked long enough to soften without sour-
ing it.

ily experience is favorable to boiling potatoes and
turnips for hogs. The hogs eat them greedily, and
with a small quantity of meal mixed with them they
fiirnish a cheap fattening food. On raw potatoes
they will nearly starve. Cattle, on the contrary,
prefer all kinds of roots in the raw state, and accord-
ing to my experience roots are better for them raw.
I have tried feeding boiled potatoes and pumpkins
to cattle, and unless they were fed sparingly they
l;rought on the scours.

To raise and fatten animals the most profitably
they must be sheltered from cold storms and housed
in warm, well-ventilated stables in the winter. Kept
warm and comfortably all kinds of stock will grow
and fatten on a smaller quantity of food. Cattle or
liogs keiot out of doors in the winter require a good
deal of corn to maintain the warmth of their bodies,
to say nothing about making a gain in weight.

The cruelty of the western ranchmen in starving
their imsheltered herds in the winter is punished by
the great loss of stock and the pitiful appearance in
the spring of those that survive.

Cattle have been grown to good size and fattened
on the prairie farms of the West exposed to the fear-
ful blasts of winter tliat sweep over those fertile
plains without the protection of any shelter or wind-
break whatever ; but it was done at a fearful cost of
corn. It is said that western farmers have sometimes
burned corn to warm their houses, because it was
cheaper than coal, but there is not a particle of doubt
they have burned it of tener, and in larger quantities,
inside their cattle to keep the unsheltered beasts
warm in the winter.

John I). Gillette, of Illinois, took premiums at fat-
stock shows, and his steers were famous for their
size and beauty in all the eastern markets. He raised

324

THE SOUTHEEX PLANTER.

[May

aud fattened them iu the open fields summer and
winter on pasture and unhusked corn. His cattle
were excellent, not because they were exposed to the
blizzards of winter,, but in spite of it. A great deal
of the corn he fed his steers was required to supply
warmth to their bodies and was as surely wasted as
if it had been thrown into the Illinois river. Had he
built barns for the comfort of his stock he would have
made a great deal more money aud slept better iu his
warm bed. J. W. Ingham.

CHANGING THE BREEDING HABIT IN SHEEP.

We are frequently asked as to the possibility of
changing the breeding habit of sheep so as to make
them produce their lambs in the winter months and
thus meet the requirements of the early-lamb market.
The ilinnesota Experiment Station has conducted a
series of experiments extending over a period of six
years with the object of reaching conclusions on this
subjeft. The ewes selected for the experiment were
at the outset common western grade sheep carrying
the blood of the American Merino and probably of
the Cotswold, Shropshire and Oxford Downs. The
following are the conclusions reached:

1. That the breeding habit in ewes which usually
droj) their lambs in the spring may be so changed that
they will produce them in the fall and early winter.

2. That this change can be effected sufHciently for
practical uses in from two to three generations of
judicious crossing when accompanied by a judicious
selection.

3. That it may be effected thus quickly by choosing
very common ewes of mixed breeding and mating
them with pure bred Dorset rams, always reserving
the earlier dropped lambs for breeding uses.

4. That in the transforming process, the dams
which have suckled winter lambs may usually be bred
more readily before being turned out on grass than
subsequently, and especially when fed a stimulating
grain portion while yet in the sheds.

5. That when the change sought has been thus
effected in the dams, a superior quality in the lambs
may be obtained by using rams in service of certain
of the dark-faced typos and more especially of the
Southdown and Shropshire breeds.

POISONING BY SORGHUM AND KAFIR CORN.

In Bulletin Xo. 77, issued by the ISTebraska Ex-
periment Station, stockmen have at last been fur-
nished information of the highest importance rela-
tive to cattle poisoning by Kaffir corn and sorghum.
Why these two plants so generally useful should un-
der some circumstances be so deadly to cattle has at

last been explained by this bulletin. We quote the
ffi] lowing:

'■Some three years ago Dr. A. T. Peters arrived at
the following conclusions regarding the loss of cattle
from eating green sorghum :

•'1. Animals do not die from bloat or indigestion.

•'2. They do not choke to death.

'■3. Tlie deaths result from a violent poison in sor-
ghum of stunted growth.

''4. The symptoms are those of prussic acid
poisoning."

The last two conclusions are the ones of deepest
interest to stockmen feeding sorghum and Kaffir
corn. They have observed that large mature stalks
eaten while green or fed as dry forage made a whole-
some niitritious food, while stunted plants or those
springing up as a second growth brought on the
trouble.

The following from the bulletin is to the point :

■'As both sorghum and Kaffir corn are important
forage plants, and as the investigations of the writer
show that they contain as normal constituents com-
pounds jaelding ])russic acid, the important question
naturally arises, iu what condition of growth are
these plants dangerous? The following have been
suggested :

■'1. Young plants.

"2. Second growth.

"3. Frosted plants.

■'■i. Stunted plants.

"Unfortunately sufiicient data have not been se-
cured to enable the writer to give a final opinion on
all of these points. They will, however, be dis-
cussed in the light of the facts at hand.

''Young plants of vigorous growth contain a higher
per cent, of prussic acid than the bright green leaves
of plants reaching maturity. As the stalks and
seeds contain no prussic acid, the young plants con-
tain a much greater per cent, of acid than the mature
plants considered as a whole.

"Second growth is not more deadly than first
growth, although, as falls in the West are often
bright and dry, conditions may be favorable for the
elaboration of excessive amounts of poison during
the second growth.

"Frost is without influence except as the forerun-
ner of a period of bright dry weather.

"Growth arrested by dry weather before the plant
begins to mature presents a condition very favorable
for the elaboration of the poison. Growth stunted
by too much water, sterile soil, shade of trees or hard-
ness of ground does not result in the formation of
dangerous quantities of poison.

"A study of the data at hand, field observations
and chemical analyses, indicates that the poisoniu"'
is most deadly in Missouri, JJ^ebraska, Kansas and
Colorado, and that it is rare east, north and south of
these States. — Breeders' Gazette.

1903.]

THE SOUTHETllSr PLANTER.

325

The Poultry Yard.

THOSE DESTRUCTIVE LICE.

Of all ailments of the poultry yard, none equals
the scourge of hen lice. They destroy more thou-
sands of yonug chicks than we have any idea of.
Bowel trouble, brain trouble and debilitated condi-
tions are brought about by these blood-sucking pests,
some of which work by day and others by night.
The first of all these is the head louse, which comes
into active service as soon as the chick is out of the
shell. We have seen over a dozen of them clinging
to the top of the head and under the throat within a
few hours after the coming from the shell. To de-
stroy these, oil the top of the head and under the
throat with sweet oil. Dip your finger into the oil
and rub the top of the head and under the throat with
it as soon as they come from the nest.

Much of this insect pest may be avoided by having
clean nests for the sitting hens, and by filling the
plumage of the hens with insect powder, at least
twice during the three weeks of their time of incu-
bating. Dalmatian insect powder — better kn^o^^^l
perhaps as I'ersian — which is sold in the drug stores
by the pound, is excellent; or any good insect pow-
der will do, providing it will not injure the eyes of
tlie young chicks. If nest boxes are fresh and clean
to start with, then clean nests are made of soft straw,
the hens' bodies well powdered with the insect pow-
der two or three times during the three weeks they
are sitting, you have at least established a barrier
against their gaining much foothold ; but the eggs
of these ever-active pests are hidden away in the
feathers of the hen, and continue to hatch and propa-
gate after their creators or sponsors have been killed.

Following the head lice on the chick come the body
lice, that hide under their little wings, about their
vent and in the neck — in fact, they go where they will
be kept warm from the heat of the chick's body, and
where the chick cannot get at them with beak or toes.
Here they live and thrive, and scatter utter destruc-
tion by sucking the life blood from their bodies.
Some make use of oil of different kinds to rid the
chicks of them. Kerosene oil is often made iise of.
This is not good, because it will blister the tender
skin of the chick; also, this or any kind of oil will
grease the down or feathers and gather dirt; for
these reasons they are not desirable. If any kind of
oil is used, to be rid of lice, use sweet oil ; but the
best thing is powdered anise seed. When this is
powdered very fine, and kept perfectly dry, it is an
excellent destroyer of all kinds of lice that infest the

yoimg chick. It must be fine and di-y to do good
execution. The beauty of it is it is harmless, if they
eat it, and it will not injure their eyes.

There are several kinds of body lice that bother the
young chick, as well as tlie mother hen; all of these,
however, can be destroyed by the use of finely pow-
dered anise seed or any good insect powder. When
you see the young chicks standing in the sun as if
asleep, and peeping in distress, you had better look
tlirough their plumage, head and neck, for lice. If
found, begin war on them as soon as possible by
powdering them well, also the mother hen ; but ever
have in mind that the powder you must use must be
very fine, perfectly dry, and of a kind that will not
make their eyes sore. Some kinds of powder will
cause them to have sore eyes, when it gets into them,
as it is apt to do when put into the feathers of the
mother hen. — Country Gentleman.

TEN POINTERS IN SUCCESSFUL POULTRY KEEP-
ING.

Editor Southern Planter:

1. Give your fowls a dry, comfortable, roomy
hoTise; crowded winter quarters are expensive.

2. Breed only from healthy, vigorous stock; never
inbreed.

3. Feed a variety of wholesome food, but do not
over feed.

4. Let your hens scratch for a part of their living ;
exercise is essential.

5. Be sure that they have grit of some kind ; hens
have no teeth.

6. Provide clean water for drinking; foul, stag-
nant water breeds disease.

7. Clean and disinfect your poultry houses and
coops at least once a week; fowls have breathing
organs.

8. Look out for lice ; give them no quarters. Lice
breeding and poultry breeding make an unprofitable
combination.

9. Dampness, filth and cold drafts cause roop ;
avoid them.

10. ''Be sure that you are right, then go ahead" ;
persistent pushing in the right direction insures

success. S. P. YODEE.

Warwich Co., Va.

When corresponding with advertisers, kindly men-
tion the Southern Planter.

:;26

THE SOUTHERN PLANTER.

[May

AUSTRALIAN LAYING CONTEST.

Secretary Duniiicliffe sends us clippings from the
Daily Telegraph, Sydney, New South Wales, from
which we learn that great interest is felt in that
country over the coming laying contest between
American and A\istralian hens, which is now under
way.

The clippings are from the Telegraph for Jan-
uary 7th, and give the results for ten months in the
year's test being carried on at the Hawkesburg Agri-
cultural College with Australian hens.

This report makes a better showing than was made
at the end of six months, and we are inclined to a
belief that some Australian hens are rather good
layers.

If we remember that midsummer comes in Jan-
uary in New South Wales, we will better understand
the allusions to hot weather in the following extracts
from the report:

"Considering the lateness of the season, the hens
are laying wonderfully, and no doubt many breeders
will be greatly surprised to know that the total num-
ber of eggs for the month exceeded that for Decem
ber by 51.

''The warm weather seems to be suiting the Leg-
horns from Wagga, as Mr. Horwood's six hens gave
the splendid total of 118 eggs. Grantham's rose-
comb and Mr. Kennedy's single-comb White Leg-
horns are having a ding-dong race, and no doubt,
from the condition of the birds, they will have a hard
battle during the next two months. It is surprising
how the Orjiingtons and Wyandottes maintain their
position, and there is no fear of any of the leading
general utility pens being displaced by the Mediter-
raneans now below them.

The total number of eggs laid for the month was
2,00.'{, as comi^ared with 2,942 in December, 2,213
in November, and 3,735 in October. The itotal
nimiber of eggs from the 38 pens for the 10 months
was 25,035, or an average of 113.75 per hen.

'■The six leading pens for the prizes for the second
six months are : D. Scott, 447 eggs ; Grantham Poul-
try Farm, 445 ; G. Ivennedy, 439 ; Dr. Fiaschi, 425 ;
Mrs. A. Ilislop, 41S ; W. Haydou, 412."

The report before us shows tliat at the end of ten
months a pen of rose-comb White Leghorns was first,
a pen of White Leghorns second, and these were fol-
lowwed by Silver Wyandottes, Black Orpingtons,
Silver Wyandottes, Black Orpingtons, Black Orping-
tons, in the order named.

Beginnijig with the lowest on the list, we find
Minorcas, Buff Leghorns, White Wyandottes, Anda

lusians, Minorcas, Anconas, Black Orpingtons,
White Wyandottes. The first and second pens have
l.")2^ and 152^ eggs, respectively, as the average pro-
duction for the ten months. The last and next to
last have 70f and 78 eggs, respectively, to their
credit as the average production for the ten months.
The best pen of Buff Orpingtons appears as eleventh
on the list from the top and the poorest as tenth from
the bottom. This places them very close to the gen-
eral average of all the breeds.

Of the thirty-eight pens, not one is composed of
Plymouth Rocks of any variety. A private letter
from a breeder in Australia assures us that the Ply-
mouth Rock is in bad savor in that country solely on
account of the quality of the specimens that have
been sent from this country on orders from breeding
stock.

We are not at all alarmed over the prospect of
defeat for the American hens, as we believe they will
be al)le to make a good showing compared to the one
above given. We are looking for a report from them
on the next Australian mail. — Commercial Poultry.

SITTING HENS AND NESTS.

When the sitting hens leave their nests before the
hatch is due, it is an infallible indication of lice,
and the nests should be taken outside, cleaned of the
contents, the material burned, and the next-boxes
swabbed with kerosene, to which a lighted match may
be aiijjlied. If the nests crowd the poultry houses,
causing room to be restricted, they may be left out-
side at this season by being placed against the fences
and partially covered with briish.

If a chick stands drawn up or acts droopy, ex-
amine it at once. Either lice, bad bowels or indi-
gestion is probably the ailment

Eggs that have been exposed over night to a tem-
perature of 31 degrees have been hatched and a fair
hatch has been had from an incubator where the tem-
perature got as high as 115 degi'ees. Much depends
on the degree of moisture in the air, a dry air being
the least dangerous.

Few of us would enjoy a steady diet of cold vit-
uals. The hen is a good deal that way. She ap-
preciates warm food and will respond quickly to it
and in a way to make the pocket-book of her owner
fuller.

1903.]

THE SOUTHEEJSr PLANTER.

327

The Horse.

NOTES.

Breeding, rearing and developing hunters and
jumpers has assumed important proportions in Vir-
ginia live stock circles, and the industry is one that
richly merits the encouragement and support of
breeders and farmers in general. These horses,
usually and preferably, too, perhaps, are the pro-
duct of thoroughbred sires from general purpose
mares, and many of them bred and reared on our
native heath have gone out and captured the highest
honors in the greatest of American show rings and
in hunting fields known the world over. Probably
the best known centres of this breeding industry are
Warrenton, in Eauqiiier county; Leesburg, Loudoun
county, and Charlottesville, in Albemarle county,
which are in the midst of rich grazing districts, but
there are scores of establishments in other sections
that have attained prominence, and whose products
have gained fame and the smile of fortune as well.

The season has been a busy one at Hampton farm,
and the big stable of hunters and jumpers has been
thinned down considerably by a number of quite im-
portant sales. The farm is in Fairfax county, and
just three miles out from the staid old Virginia town
of Alexandria. Hampton, with its broad acres, i?
the ancestral home of Courtland H. Smith, who di-
rects affairs, and in all Virginia there is probably
not a bolder or more inti'epid horseman. In addi-
tion to the horses at Hampton, Short horn cattle and
Southdown sheep are also kept, and these, with poul-
try of all kinds, help to make the establishment a
paying institution. Since the beginning of spring a
new and profitable market has been found in Kansas
City, and the sales of Firebrand, Rosscommon, The
Greyling, Montrose, and another light weight hunter
were followed by those of Marmion, b. g., 16.2, up to
200 poimds, by Marmion ; Well Over, br. g., 16 :2, up
to 200 poimds, by Jake Shipsey ; Valley Boy, b. g.,
16:1, up to 180 pounds, by Jake Shipsey; Blue Bot-
tle, blue roan g., 16 hands, up to 180 pounds, by
Golden Deer; Troope, br. m., 16 hands, up to 180
pounds, by Philadelphia; ch. g., 15:3, up to ISO
pounds, by Guardsman; Minerva, ch. m., 16 hands,
up to 180 pounds, by Torchlight; The Witch, br. m.,
16 hands, up to 175 poimds, by Eomnev; Panther,
b. g., 15:3, up to 175 pounds, by Panther; Milk
Maid, br. m., 15:2, up to 150 pounds, by Tecumseh;
Mr. Dooly, br. g., 16 hands, up to 225 pounds, by
Zuave; Scattercash, 16 hands, up to 175 pounds, by
Delurie; Cascade, b. g., 15 hands, up to 150 pounds,
by Imp; Water Level; Juniata, b. m., 16 hands, up
to 175 pounds, by Richelieu; Archduke, b. g., 16:2,

up to 200 poimds, by Jake Shipsey, and The Lamb,
gr. g., 15 :3, who has a record of 6 feet 5 inches, and
is up to 250 pounds, by Botheration. The schooling
and handling of these horses represented both care
and outlay, but the outcome was satisfactory, and
they averaged over $500.

The Hampton Farm stable has recently been
strengthened by new additions, and the string is now
the best ever owned on the place, its most important
and best known members are, of course, the well-
known prize winners. Up-to-date, Tip-Top, Chappie
Lee and Ongonquitt, all of whom are in grand shape,
and are confidently expected to duplicate their vic-
tories of other years when taken down the line of
horse shows this season. The new ones, however,
include Flambeau, ch. g., 4, 16 hands, by Torchlight,
who is a fine looker and able to jiunp a fence with
ease; Skibbereen, ch. g., 4, 16:3, and up to 225
pounds, and can jump close to six feet; Potential,
b. g., 15 :3, by imp. Potentate, dam Moline, by imp.
Blythewood. A grand type with perfect conforma-
tion and safe for a lady, while up to 180 pounds and
safe over any country; Pride of Hampton, b. g.,
15 :3, up to 180 pounds, by William, dam Best Girl.
This horse is a grand fencer, with nice mouth and
manners as well; Senegal Rad, ch. g., 15:1, by Cal-
cium, dam Columbia, a perfect type of the thorough-
bred hack, with perfect mouth along with manners,
and good enough to win in the best company down
the line of horse shows; Fire Light, ch. g., 15:3, 4,
by Torchlight, dam nearly thoroughbred; one of
the clean bred galloping sort rarely found, and up to
175 pounds; Yorrick, r. g., 16:2, 5, by Merry Lad,
is a grand big youngster, up to top weight, and fast
with it, while a magnificent fencer; Daylight, b. g.,
16:3 1-2, 5, by Torchlight. This gelding is up to
230 poimds, and one of the fastest weight carriers
of his day, safe over five feet; Courageous, b. g.,
16:2, by Zuave, dam by Underwood, is a big one
without flaw or fault, and can both fence and gallop,
and some dozen or more other good ones, among them
the fine, big roan gelding Brigadier, by Guardsman,
and one of the finest horses ever sired by him.

The brown pacing mare Skyland Girl, 2 :19^, by
Simmons, who was so successfully campaigned dur-
ing 1902 by George F. Dyer, then of Greensboro,
N. C, but now at the Fair Grounds track, Lynch-
burg, Va., is now in the stable of A. H. Tyson,
Newark, Del., who will race her this season. Mamie
Woods, 2 :20, the dam of this mare, was purchased
while in foal and taken to Winston, N. C, by R. J.

328

THE souther:n^ pla:nter.

[May

Eejnolds, the head of the noted Southern manufac-
turing house of the E. J. Reynolds Tobacco Com-
pany, and foaled his property. Mr. Reynolds is
still interested in fine harness horses, but of recent
years has turned his attention to breeding coachers.

^ JH J*

Among the horses in the training stable of George
il. Harden, Raleigh, X. C, are the big chestnut
mare, Petronel, 2:19 3-4, by Expedition, 2:15 3-4,
dam Petrel, by Onward, who made her record in
1902, and is likely to go much faster this season ;
Sweet Rector, bay horse, 5, by Director, 2 :17:|r, dam
Sweet Alca, by Alcazar, and John T. Moore, the
bay pacing stallion, foaled 1899, by Hal Wooldridge,
dam by Locomotive, second dam by John Dillard,
Jr., who is well formed, handsome in harness, and
has a nice way of going. This horse was brought to
Xorth Carolina by T. M. Arrasmith, of Greensboro,
who named him for '"Trotwood," the widely known
poet, author, charming turf writer and horseman, of
Columbia, Tenn., and the son of Hal Woodridge
promises to be a credit to the famous pacing family
from which he springs.

Wealth, 2:17^, the son of Gambetta Wilkes and
Magnolia, by Norfolk, who heads the stud of Col.
W. H. Chapman, Gordonsville, Va., is doing finely,
and at the close of a limited season will go into train-
ing, and if he keeps right a record of 2 :10 or better
will be credited up to him before snow flies. Wealth
is a horse of grand size, finish and splendid appear-
ance in harness, while he has frequently sho-vvn two
minute speed in both his work and in races. Col.
Chapman is determined not only to accord the son of
Gambetta AVilkes the benefit of speed development,
but opportunities in the stud as well, as shown by his
recent purchase from W. J. Carter of the richly bred
brood mare Lanciana, a good looking daughter of
Lancelot, 2:23, and Mariana, by Sorrento, second
dam, Mary Whitman, by Kentucky Prince, third
dam, Xancy Whitman, dam of Robert McGregor,
2:17 1-4, sire of Cresceus, 2:02 1-4, the trotting
king, Lanceana, is now in foal to Red Buck, Jr., the
sire of Ben D., 2 :08 3-4, and after foaling will be
mated with Wealth.

Eriends of the well-known Virginian, Algernon
Daingerdeld, now assistant secretary of the Wash-
ington Jockey Club, will welcome the news that he
has been appointed clerk of the scales for the Metro-
politan Circuit of the Jockey Club of the United
States. This is the largest organization in the
countr}-, and the position is an important one. Since
Mr. Daingerfield left Harrisonburg, his native home,

he has been prominently identified with the turfmen

of the coimtry, and has become widely known in

raeiug circles.

js ^ jt

The former well-known Virginia bred pacing mare,
Princess Eulalie, 2:17 1-4, by Prince Belmont, dam
by Red Jacket, owned by the Hon. W. R. McKenney,
of Petersburg, Va., foaled on March 30th, a fine
filly by Judge Cox, the sire of Coxey, 2 :13.

John G. WTiite," Leesbiirg, Va., has sold, through
W. D. Grand, of the American Horse Exchange,
ISTew York, eight half bred hackneys, all of whom
were high stepping harness horses, among them be-
ing the Virginia Horse Show winners. Lord Fair-
fax; the prize team. Threads and Patches, and Grey
Eagle.

The Boscobel Farm Stable of Mr. and Mrs. Chas.
H. Hurkamp, Fredericksburg, Va., includes some
choice young horses in addition to a few older ones
that will be taken down the line of horse shows this
season. Grand old Hornpipe, the big, sturdy roan,
son of Young Sanford : Amaret, the crack high
jumper, and others will compete for honors in select
company. With Mr. Hurkamp up, Amaret has
cleared the bars at dizzy hfiiarhts, while Hornpipe
has fignired as a winner season after season when
pitted against the best in the land, and can usually
be depended upon to do his best whenever called
upon.

Joseph Lassiter, of the Richmond Horse Bazaar,
has made a number of sales of well known trotters
and paoers recently, among those passing through
liis hands being Whitby, 2 :1S 1-4 ; Florence Miles,
2:21 1-4; Kitty B., 2:23 1-4; Lenore Riissell, Rose
Bow, Crissie, and others.

Bkoadeock.

SALE OF IMPORTED JERSEYS.

We invite attention to the advertisement in this
issue of the sale of imported Jerseys by Mr. T. S.
Cooper, the well-known importer and judge of stock.
The sale will include some as fine animals as Mr.
Cooper ever offered, and he has imported and sold
some of the finest Jerseys now in the country. Buy-
ers who cannot attend the sale are invited to send
their bids to Mr. Cooper, who \vill use his best eifforts
to execute ordei-s entrusted to him. Send for cata-
logue.

1903.]

THE SOUTHERN PLANTER.

329

Miscellaneous.

GOOD ROADS.

The long continued wet weather has once more
aroused attention to this subject, and for a time at
least caused one to believe that at last something is
to be done to rid the State of the greatest incubus on
its advancement. We, however, regret to say that
the question has not yet assumed that phase which
leads us to think that we are on the eve of the only
sound and satisfactory settlement of it. Not until
the State itself as a whole realizes that the subject
of roads is one calling for the help of the State in its
solution can there be a just settlement of the matter.
The dealing with it as one affecting the counties
alone can only result in injustice to farmers. It is
neither just nor right that the burden of making good
roads throughout the State, and thus advancing its
prosperity more than any other thing can do, should
be wholly borne by the farmers. The cities of the
State will be as much — nay, more certainly — bene-
fited than the counties by the making of highways
leading into them upon which heavy loads can be car-
ried at all seasons of the year, and the cities therefore
should bear their fair share of the taxation, which
must be imposed to secure this end. We advanced
this idea many years ago, when first the subject of
roads became a living question throughout the coun-
try. It was then strongly opposed everywhere, but
it has proved its soundness by commending itself to
the enlightened communities in the North. New
Jersey, New York, and Pennsylvania have adopted
the principle, and each of these States annually ap-
propriates from the State taxes several million dol-
lars to supi^leraent the efforts of the counties. Penn-
sylvania only the other day appropriated $6,500,000
to be expended this year. The result is already seen
in New Jersey and New York States, where scores of
miles of good highways are already made, and hun-
dreds more are under construction. The counties
readily burden themselves to meet the offer of State
aid, and the work progresses to the manifest advan-
tage of every one o^'ning property, whether in city
or county. We are expecting to see this system of
help to the counties still further extended in the
near future by the recognition by the Nation of its
responsibility in the matter. We urged this in a
Convention at Washington many years ago, when the
Road Inquiry Bureau, of the Department of Agricul-
ture, was first formed. Then the idea was scouted,
now it is being favorably considered, and there is

tliroughout the country a strong current of feeling
being expressed in favor of the Brownlow bill, now
before Congress, which makes provision for this Na-
tional help. There is no more reason why water-
ways (rivei's and harbors) should be aided by na-
tional assistance than why highways should not be
helped. If the one system is sound and just, then the
other is certainly so. Millions have been spent and
are being spent eacli year in rivers and harbors, which
are much less the highways of the people than are the
public roads of the State. The national revenues
are largely drawn from the country people, yet they
receive little in return. Millions of this national
money are expended in the cities and towns in build-
ing government buildings. Let the country people
have their share in the building of highways. We
are glad to see that some of the counties of the State
are asking for power to borrow money to build high-
ways. This, when borrowed, should be met by help
from the State and nation, and then good roads will
be built without being too great a burden upon the
farmers of the State. They are willing to bear
their share, but should not consent to carry the whole
burden. '"'Equal burdens break no backs."

AN IMPORTANT VIRGINIA INDUSTRY.

Editor Southern Planter:

In no other portion of the habitable globe does the
productive water meet the productive land on such
close, intimate and easy terms as is shown every-
where on the lower Chesapeake, James river, Hamp-
ton Roads, and their tributaries.

These productive waters penetrate the land in
everj' direction, making thovisands of beautiful coves,
inlets and snug little harbors, and here and there we
find a body of water like Hampton Roads, which
contains nearly fifty square miles of surface; the
lower James, which is from five to seven miles in
width, and the lower Chesapeake, which comprises a
thousand square miles of water, all of which waters
are imderlaid with oysters and clams, and the waters
are fairly alive with fish and crabs.

Norfolk is a logical centre for fish and oyster busi-
ness, and the report of the United States Commission
for the year 1901 places Norfolk well vip on the list.
The States included in the report are New York, New
Jersey, Pennsylvania, Delaware, Maryland and Vir-

330

THE SOUTHERN PLANTER.

[May

A few "facts, figures and features" relating to the
fish and oyster industry may be of considerable in-
terest to many of your readers, both in and out of
the State.

The value of the Virginia catch for the year 1901
was more than four and one-half million dollars —
this for fish alone. Only one State exceeds the Vir-
ginia figures, and this is New Jersey. The New
Jersey figures were only about one hundred thousand
dollars over and above the Virginia figures.

The number of fish caught in Virginia waters dur-
ing the year 1901 reached the grand total of 378,-
183,358, against less than half that number for New
Jersey.

The value of the New York catch of fish was
nearly one million dollars less than that of Virginia.
Virginia leads all the States in the clam industry,
and is second on the list in the quantity and value of
crabs handled.

lu oysters Virginia leads every State except one,
that being Maryland, and leads Maryland in the
quantity, but falls slightly behind her in value of the
oysters handled.

The Virginia catch of oysters was 7,885,447, and
the value of the catch was $2,923,456. The Mary-
land catch was 5,685,561, and the value was $3,-
031,518.

In the matter of oyster business, Norfolk is rapidly
gaining on Baltimor>3. For many years Baltimore
has had the distinction of being the greatest oyster
centre on the face of the globe, and for many years
Norfolk has been a pretty good second in the race,
and is gaining each year, and will soon lead Balti-
more, because the great bulk of oysters and the best
oyster grounds lie nearer Norfolk than Baltimore.

Norfolk waters are always free from ice, making
it easier for the oystermen to handle their business.

Maryland employs 36,260 hands in the oyster busi-
ness, Virginia employs 29,325 hands. Virginia uses
1,086 sailing vessels in the prosecution of the oyster
business. In addition to these vessels, 12,174 smaller
boats are used.

The oyster fieet alone employed in these Virginia
waters would make quite a respectable showing.
Just imagine 1,086 quite good-sized sailing vessels
and 12,174 smaller boats all going and coming like
bees all winter in the oyster business. It makes a
very lively scene, and results in the handling of large
sums of money. The hands are paid every week,
and much money is placed in circulation in Norfolk
by reason of the oyster business.

Nature has been very good to Eastern Virginia, in

supplying her with such an ine.xhaustible meat bar-
rel. It is filled each year by the provident hand of
nature, and, notwithstanding man's best efforts, the
supply continues pretty nearly the same from year
to year.

The fish that are caught for the oil are dried out
and the oil extracted, and the fish scrap is used for
fertilizer purposes, but most of the catch are confined
to the food fishes, such as spots, mullets, blue fish,
sheep's head, croakers and other varieties, including
large numbers of sturgeon, which often reach the
weight of three to four hundred pounds each.

The hook and line fishing is also very fine in the
waters adjacent to this sea port, and we have to con-
fess that the inducements offered here to extract a
living from the salt water are so numerous and so
weighty that thousands of good farmers have been
spoiled by being attracted by the profits offered to
fishermcji.

In other words, Eastern Virginia is long on good
fisliermen and good oystermen, but rather slion on
good farmers; but it is a fact that here in Eastern
Virginia fishing is not only a pleasure, but it seems
to be highly profitable. A. Jekfees.

IMPROVING LAND.

Editor Southern Planters

If I were going to preach three sermons on fer-
tility, or land improvement, I would take as my first
text Deeji Plowing, my second would be Humus,
and my third would be Lime. Any one of these
three "texts" is a subject for unlimited discussion.
But I am going to combine them in one, and if my
views have any weight, I will feel honored to have
you give them space in your columns. If I am
wrung,. then consign this to the waste basket, and I
will not complain. But my faith is in my subject,
and my heart is with my Brother Farmer, and if I
can say anything that will aid him, then I am happy.

Deep soil, humus, and lime go hand in hand to-
gether. They were joined together in the beginning,
and they stand together in the bond of nature, and
can be counted on to do their work, if man will let
them. T'hey are devoted and true to each other, and
dependent one upon the other.

Living as I do, on the border of Loudoun and
Fairfax counties, I have abundant opportunity to
see the benefits derived from the practice of deep
plowing and liming, as well as to note the baneful
results of the system of shallow plowing.

We have in this section of the State a beautiful

1903.]

THE SOUTHERN PLANTEK.

3ul

country, about 300 feet above sea level^ with a climate
unsurpassed for man, beast and vegetation. (A
(Jcrman editor who spent his simimer here says our
county is the Italy of America.) The nature of our
soil is both loam and clay, adapted to the growing of
grain, grass and fruit, as Avell as trucking. We have
tlie best of railroad facilities, with Washington city
as our market, where they pay fancy prices for all
good articles. We are in easy distance of the city,
and this is the cause of the majority of the farms
wliich are worked by tenants, becoming impoverish-
ed. A great many of our land owners hold office iji
the city and live there. They lease their farms, and
the renter hauls about everything that the farm pro-
duces to the city. They feed little or no stock, make
no manure, and sow a cheap acid fertilizer on land
plowed from two to four inches deej).

Tlie owners of these rented lands are now placing
these farms on the market, and they are being rapidly
bought up by home seekers, and where they have
plowed deep and put a little lime the improvement
has been like magic. I have frequently, in jDassing
a poor held of corn, asked what was the matter with
the crop, and the answer would always be, the land is
"worn out."

iVow, nearly all of this land in this section was
good to begin with, and I do not believe that natur
ally good land can become permanently exausted
under any system of farming in three or four gen-
erations, and yet this land fails to produce, under
the tenant system. I think it is God's plan of lock-
ing up the fertility of the soil, and rendering it un-
productive until some man gets hold of it who knows
how to farm it.

These so-called worn out lands are lacking mainly
ill humus, and the quickest way to fill these lands
with humus is the shortest road to permanent im-
provement. Deep plowing and sub-soiling is the
first essential thing to do. I am frequently hearing
the question, "What are the benefits derived from
deep plowing?" This question was ably answered
by Mr. A. Jeffers, in his article : "That Little Farm
Well Tilled,'' in the April Planter. He preached
sound doctrine there, and it should be preached in
every journal. Another article in the April Journal,]
written by ]Mr. K. ]^. Crast, headed "Fertility With-
out Humus," is a strong argument for deep plowing
and sub-soiling. Whilst I do not agree with him,
that we can maintain fertility without humus, still
his article shows that the sub-soil, dug deep in the
ground to make the embankments, had plant food in
it, and when loosened up and brought into contact
with the sunshine and frost, brought forth rank vege-

tation. For the past twenty years I have used chem-
ical fertilizers, and am still using, yet I am con-
strained to say that I believe a great part of the
money spent for fertilizers was lost, and I would have
derived better results if the same money had been
spent in legumes and barn yard manure, for no so-
called complete fertilier ever took the place of stable
manure for me.

As humus is partially decomposed vegetable matter
in the soil, its duties are many. First, it is used for
the purpose of keeping the particles of soil separate,
so that air may find access, and the roots may have a
chance to develop. It keeps the soil from puddling
in a wet time, and from baking in a drouth ; second,
it serves as an absorbent or a sponge, to hold mois-
ture, and gives it out in the time of a drouth. It
is a conservor of heat, which warms up the soil and
causes the seed to germinate properly, and it is the
home and storehouse of nitrogen. Humus is the re-
sult of fertility ; at the same time, it is the mother of
fertility. We can best obtain it by thorough culti-
\-ation and the plowing under of vegetable matter,
Miich as weeds, stubble, clover, peas and barnyard ma-
nure. In doing this we often turn under too much
green vegetable matter, and this causes our land to
become "sick or sour" from too much acid being left
in the soil. In this event we want something to take
uj) and neutralize these liberated acids before they
accumulate in such quantity as to injure vegetation.
Slaked lime is one of the best materials for this pur-
pose, and has clearly demonstrated the fact in this
section.

We are told by the chemist that the conversion of
refuse vegetable matter, as well as animal matter,
into plant food requires the intervention of chemical
and other agencies, which will transform this inert
nitrogen into ammonia or nitrates. The natural
forces that do this work cheaply and beneficially are
the microbes that feed upon the refuse vegetable
matter of the soil. These nitrifying microbes can-
not do their work in a soil where any considerable
amount of free acid (other than carbonic acid) ex-
ists, but they work well and multiply in the presence
of lime. In this neighborhood hay has been made
to increase from 50 per cent, to 100 per cent, per
acre from the apjilication of lime, and from my
experience and observation, I would advise an ap-
plication of 25 bushels to the acre every four years,
as this quantity is giving as good results as 100
bushels per acre. It is an easy matter to locate the
lands in this section that have been limed by the
abtmdance of grass and the absence of sheep sorrel.

As a rule, farmers are not chemists, and do nci

o32

THE SOUTHERX PLAIS^TER.

[May

know Avhat their lands need in the shape of fertil-
izers, as different laud requires different fertilizers.
But '«'e cannot go amiss in putting lime on any kind
of land. It will make stiff land more porous, and
sandy soil more comi)act.

Let me repeat, deep plowing, clover, peas and barn
yard manure and lime have reclaimed more worn out
or abused land than all other agencies combined.
Lime works wonders under certain circumstance?,
But like medicine, it should not be given in over
doses, and should be accompanied by some kind of
stock raising for the manure. W. E. Milleb.

Fairfax Co., Va.

HOW THE FARMER HAS BEEN EDUCATED.

Editor Southern Planter:

A great deal has been said of the educational ad-
vantages of city life over that of the country. This
fact has had a definite bearing on the agricultural
conmiunity in all sections of the country. Parents
have left the farm in order to give their children the
benefit of the advantages which city life affords.
The older sons and daughters have left of their own
volition, leaving the farm to their parents on which
to live out their natural term of years. Any gi-eat
industrial enterprise cannot long attract labor and
capital of a productive nature, which plays this losing
game in its process of development. But now as
agriculture in its various phases represents the great-
est of all industries of the country, there must have
beein some agency by which this stream of emigra-
tion has been checkmated, or a new force set in mo-
tion to counteract this condition.

The solution has been found in the farmer himself.
The general awakening of the farmer came simul-
taneously with the organization of such self-helping
societies as the fanners' clubs, the Grange, etc. The
government also lent a hand, not with a spirit of
philanthropy, but as a matter of business policy, and
which took the form of departments of agriculture
and agricultural colleges. From these two widely
different points of viev.- a systematic method of co-
operation has been evolved to solve the difficulties of
rural progress.

In nearly every State in the Union a central or-
ganization has been formed to promote the interests
of agriculture. The direction of the work may fall
to an agricultural board especially created for the
purpose, or under the auspices of the agricultural
colleges. The object in any case is the same —
namely, the diffusion of knowledge in matters per-

taining to agriculture. By far the most potent in-
duence for agricultural progress has come through
the Farmers' Institute. The general supervision is
in the hands of the State, and it represents the co-
operation of the farmer and the scientist in a common
interest. On the average, each State holds 175 meet-
ings in as many places during the year, and the bene-
ficial results accruing cannot be estimated. An In-
stitute lasting from one to two days, and ha^-ing gen-
erally four sessions a day, affords ample opportimity
for a great range of subjects, and while the purpose
is to draw out local experience, the scientific lecturer
may be able to point out from experiences in other
communities practical ideas applicable to conditions
obtaining in the district where the Institute is held.
In the State of Pennsylvania there is a corps of 95
Institute lecturers. Their reports show 200 Insti-
tutes during the year, and an attendance of 150,000
people.

The Institute or other voluntary organization for
the promotion of agrictiltural science in any com-
munity marks the intelligence of the inhabitants of
that locality, and in the most progressive sections
they flourish in great number and variety. In
Massachusetts great encouragement has been given by
the State Board of Agriculture. At the present time
there are thirty-four agricultural societies, sixteen
horticultural societies, forty-seven farmers' and me-
chanics' associations, fifteen Pomona granges, one
hundred and fifty-nine subordinate granges, and
eighteen organizations of a miscellaneous nature, all
of which are connected with the State Board. The
secretary of the Board believes this communion of in-
terests and tinity of purpose is in a very great meas-
ure responsible for the general prosperity of its agri-
cultural population. Such a comprehensive method
cannot but leave its impress on an agricultural com-
munity, developing both a better social condition and
a consequent high standard of living. The field of
association is constantly widening in its usefulness,
and their need is becoming more fully demonstrated
throughout the country. George E. Ciiadsey.

District of Columbia.

Bermuda Grass from Seed.

If seed is used, the land should be thoroughly pre-
pared as for other grass seed, having the surface thor-
oughly pulverized. Draw a smoothing harrow over
the surface, leaving the whole surface corrugated
with small furrows. Sow the seed, after danger of
late spring frost is over, at the rate of five pounds of
seed to the acre and brush in very lightly, or better,
press in with a heavy roller. J. S. N'ewman.

1903.]

THE SOUTHEEN PLANTEE.

333

THE

Southern Planter

I'UBLISHED HY

RICHMOND, VA.

Issued on 1st of each Month.

J. F. JACKSON,
Editor and General Manager.

B. MORGAN 8HEPHEUD,
Business Manager.

TERMS FOR ADVERTISING.
Rate card furnished on applicatlo

TERMS FOR SUBSCRIPTION.

THE SOUTHERN PLANTER is mailed to
subscribers in the United States and Canada
at 50c. per annum; all foreign countries and
the city of Richmond, 75c.

REMITTANCES should be made direct to
this office, either by Registered Letter or
Money Order, which will be at our risk. When
made otherwise we cannot be responsible.

WE INVITE FARMERS to write us on any
agricultural topic. We are always pleased to
receive practical articles. Criticism of Arti-
cles. Suggestions How to Improve THE
PLANTER, Descriptions of New Grains.
Roots, or Vegetables not generally known.
Particulars of Experiments tried, or Improved
Methods of Cultivation are each and all wel-
come. Contributions sent us must not be
furnished other papers until after they have
appeared in our columns. Rejected matter
will be returned on receipt of postage.

ALWAYS GIVE THE NAME of the Post-
Offlee to which your paper is sent. Your
name cannot be found on our books unless
this is done.

SUBSCRIBERS falling to receive their paper
promptly and regularly, will confer a favor
by reporting the fact at once.

THE DATE ON YOUR LABEL shows to
what time your subscription is paid.

NO ANONYMOUS communications or en-
quiries will receive attention.

Address— THE SOUTHERN PLANTER.

RICHMOND, VA.

DETAIL INDEX TO ENQUIRER'S
COLUMN.

Artichokes 311

Applying Ashes 311

Nitrate of Soda— Effect of Use of

Fertilizers on Land 311

Crop Rotation 311

Top Dressing Oats — Cow Peas for
Hay — Top Dressing for Clover —

Fertilizer for Corn 311

To Prevent Injury to Tomato

Plants by Cut Worms 312

Cow Peas for Improving Land. . . . 312

Whitev,-ash 312

Seeds for Pasture and Meadow —
Fertilizer for Corn Land and

Wheat 312

Protecting Chickens from Hawks.. 313

Soy Beans ^±6

Teosinte 313

Curb on Horses 313

Removing Stumps with Dynamite
— Horse Apples — Remedy for
Scab on Irish Potatoes — Ob-
structed Teat of Cow 314

Obstructed Teats 314

Injury to Wheat Crop 314

To Prevent the Growth of Horns —

Buckwheat for Bee Feed 315

Moles 31.5

PUBLISHER'S NOTES.

TO ADVERTISERS.

All advertisements and matter
pertaining to advertising must
reach ns by the 25th of each
month. Please hear this in mind.

SPECIAL OFFER.

For 25 cents we will send the
Southern Planter for the re-
mainder of this year (May to De-
cember inclusive) to any one who
is not now a subscriber. We make
this liberal offer in order to induce
a large number of farmers to send
ns at least a trial subscription.
We will greatly appreciate it if our
subscribers will bring this notice
to the attention of their friends.
They will thereby do us a favor
and indirectly help themselves.
Remember, this offer is for new
subscribers only. We have an-
other offer, which we make to those
already on our list. Eemittances
can be sent in the most convenient
form, coin, stamps or money or-
der.

This month the Southern
Planter appears in entirely new
dress from cover to cover. We ex-
perimented last month with the
type machines, and were so well
pleased with the appearance of the
journal that in future all composi-
tion will be machine set. We will,
therefore, give our readers a brand
new tyjie in every issue. How do
you like it ?

WITH THE ADVERTISERS.

The Chicago Stump Machine Manu-
facturing Company resumes its adver-
tising In this issue.

The Occoneechee Farm, Durham, N.
C, desires to exchange a shorthorn
bull to prevent in-breeding.

Breeders of live stock should look up
the advertisement of "Stock" elsewhere
in this issue.

W. B. Fleming, proprietor of the
Bridle Creek Stock Farm, is adver-
tising some choice Berkshires in this
issue. Mr. Fleming is a new adver-
tiser, and we bespeak the patronage of
our readers for him.

The Gans-Rady Company, the well-
known Richmond clothiers, have an ad-

WOOD'S SEEDS.

Plant Wood's
Prize Head
Late Fiat
Dutcti Cabbage

FOR LATE FALL AND WINTER CROP,

Our easterners pronounce it,

" The finest Cabbage for winter
I have ever grown."

" The best late Cabbage I have
ever planted,"

"Makes the largest and most
solid heads of any late Cabbage
grown in this section."

Price of seed, pkt. Sc; oz. 20c.; 1-4 lb. SOc;
lb. $1 SO, postage paid. See page 17 of Wood's
Seed Book for m03, for further information about
Late Cabbage Seed. Wood's Seed Booli mailed
Free on request.

T. W. WOOD & SONS,

SEED GROWERS AND MERCHANTS,

RICHMOND, VA.

Did you ever buy

a SUIT direct

from the MILL?

If you liave.all right, you will buy again.
If you haven't yuu will be surprised to
see how much you have been paying for
dealers' prortts. We send you FREE
sampiea of Spring and Summer Suitings
with tape measure andself-measurement
nk. Then send us your meusurements
)U a suit for

.00

and 1

vill make you a fi

$75'>«r$|0

that would cost you $18 to ?2o at your
tailor's. All our suits are all wool, made
complete in our own mill from the raw
wool up. Every suit bears our label and
ia guaranteed for one year. Every suit
has hand shrunk collars, hand
made button holes, padded
shoulderH. We sell either tailor-made
or ready-made clothing. Men's all wool
and worsted trousers $2., $2.50 and $3.
Handsomely made and trimmed. We
have the cheapest, strongest and best all-
wool boys' clothing. Also cloth by yard
or pieceand ladies' suitings and skirtings.
Write to-day for samples, &c.
CLEN ROCK WOOLEN MILLS.
Somervllle, N. J.

CRONK'S
improved'
Staple Pullef

IS AT THE FRONT. Ask your dealer to show
it Tliree wire cutters, two hammers, two splicing
cl:imps-all In one to^-1 A Staple Puller th.iiwill
puil fet^pios when no oiher maUe will. A cutterlhut
will reach wire when the button cutter will not. One
day's use will save thecost of it. 4>i.UO, postagepaid
CKUNK & CAKKIEK lUFG. CO., Ji:imira,N. X.

334

THE SOUTIIERX PLANTEK.

[May

vertisement on another page, to which
we invite the attention of our readers.

The Armour Fertilizer Worl<s are ad-
vertising blood meal in another col-
umn. This packing-house product is
receiving the attention of farmers and
feeders everywhere at present.

E. F. Schlichter starts the season's
advertising with this number. The
Philadelphia Silo is his specialty.

The Defender Spray Pump is offered
our readers by J. F. Gaylord. Catskill,
N. Y.

The West Disinfecting Company is
advertising Chloro-Naptholeum in this
issue. Look up the advertisement and
write to the company for pamphlets,
prices, etc.

A new advertiser in this number is
J. H. Boelte. He offers some choice
Shorthorns.

The Leaksville Woolen Mills are
with us again this season. Farmers
can ship rheir wool direct to these
mills, and have it made into any gar-
ment desired.

John P. Mays, a prominent Leghorn
breeder, lias an advertisement in an-
other column.

Well-drilling outfits can be purchased
from the Loomis Machine Company,
Tiffin, Ohio. We invite the attention
of our readers to a card of this com-
pany in another column.

Some finely-bred Aberdeen-Angus
bulls are offered by Rear-Admiral B. F.
Day.

Miniborya Farm offers some choice
Berkshires. both sexes, this month.

We invite attention to the advertise-
ment of the Messinger Manufacturing
Company. Tatamy, Pa.

The Majestic Rotary Washer is of-
fered by the Richmond Cedar Works.
This is a splendid machine, with hoops
electrically welded and sunken in the
groove — a patent owned exclusively by
them.

Hereford bulls and heifers are offer-
ed by the Stonehurst Fruit and Stock
Farm.

Farms, orchards, and homes are for
sale by J. W. Apperson & Brother.

Note the offering of Duntreath Farm
this month.

HOW'S THIS?

We offer One Hundred Dollars' Re-
ward for any case of Catarrh that can-
not be cured by Hall's Catarrh Cure.
F. J. Cheney, & Co., Props.,

Toledo, 0.
We, the undersigned, have known F.
J. Cheney for the last fifteen years, and
believe him perfectly honorable in all
business transactions and financially
able to carry out any obligations made
by their firm. Wkst & Tit.vix,

Wholesale Druggists, Toledo. 0.
W.\i,mx(;, Ki.NNAN & M.\nvix,
Wholesale Druggists. Toledo. O.
Hall's Catarrh Cure is taken inter-
nally, acting directly upon the blood
and mucous surfaces of the system.
Price, 7.5c. per bottle. Sold by all drug-
gists. Testimonials free.

Hall's Family Pills are the best.

Uhe Practical Man

appreciates the sa\'ing in wear and tear, in friction, draft
and labor gained by the simplicity of

Piano Mowers

He knows the value of abolishing needless mechanism
and applj-iug power direct.

Piano's simple, automatic Clutch Shift, strong internal
Drive Gear, easy-acting Vertical Lift Device and self-
adjusting Draft Rod are the kind of Mower improvements
that appeal to him. They are the outgrowth of experience
and scientific ingenuity.

Our catalogue explains them and tells about some
other interesting products of the Piano shops — Grain
Binders, Headers, Reapers, Mowers, Rakes, Corn Binders,
and Huskers and Shredders. The "Piano" is the Husker
famed for its safe, swift and satisfactory work. Catalogue
free.

PLANO DIVISION

International Harvester Co. of America

CHICAGO. ILL.

SEND US YOUR WOOL
WE PAY THE FREIQHT.
WRITE FOR CATALOQUE.

We make from your
Own Wool on Shares
Or for Cash
White or Gray
Large or Small
Blankets, Coverlets
Dress Goods, Skirts
Underskirts, Flannels
Cassimeres, Cheviots
Jeans

Art Squares,
Carpets
Stair Carpets
Smyrna Rugs
Buggy Robes,
Lounge Covers

LEAKSVILLE WOOLEN MILLS, YamS EtC.

Leaksville, N. C. Write Us.

ORDER AND SEE THAT YOU GET

Pasteur Black Leg Vaccine

If not obtainable from dealers, refuse substitutes and ■wire your
order to us. Over 20,000,000 calves successfully vaccinated with
the original Vaccine during the last eighteen jears. Powder form
and Cord form both for Single and Double treatment.

PASTEUR VACCINE COMPANY, Ld.,

CHICAGO - NEW YORK, - FT. WORTH = SAN FRANCISCO,

11)03.]

THE SOUTHERN PLANTER.

SSc

40

SPLIT
,., ^__'HICKORY
WINNER TOP BUGGY

Made of solectod second prowth split hickory
throuEhout. iiand.sonio aud durable. Tbis is
a thorou'.-hly hittli-Krade vehicle at a low
price and has noel braces on shafts, panel
carpets, leather quarter top, solid panel spnni;
back, open bottom sprins cushion, boot on bac.>t
of body, hiah leather dash, storm apron, sidj
curtains, oil and lead paint (choice of colors),
open hearth oil-tempered springs, Norway iron
clips, bolts and foriincs and a hundred othev
points of merit. Guaranteed for two years.
SENT ON 30 DAYS' FREE TRIAL.
Hitch up to It and uee It before you decide.
It will pay anyone to b.irrow the money and pay
Interest on It to take advantiice of the ereat stvinK
contained In this bugey barealn. It 18 an Investment
for years. Secure our lart'e catalogue, sent tree It
you write, describing this and numeroue other
vehicles and harness at bargain prices. We lead
the world In quality, style and price. Address
OHIO CARRIAGE MFG. CO.,Station ». Cincinnati.O.

^«^iGET:;A'GOOIl'

^Mi^itm^mvim

Don't buy a poor
pay a double price,

d dir
factory for cata'ogue of th.

FreeniaLFv
Steel Wind Mills

and four post ant;le steel towors. .^
comrlete Hue of pumping and power
mills of the highest grade at extreme-
ly low prices. We ran save you
money on a ^ood article.
S. Freeman €1 Sons Mf^. Co.
7 110 Hamilton Si., R.acine, Wis.

A romplete line of Feed and Hnsilage Cutters
Corn Shellers, Wood Sa»;i, etc., at low prices

Corn Piantirig

well and carefully done, as the fu-
p depends upon it. For all purposes,
in any soil, on all kinds of
ground nothing equals the

SPANGLER

CORH PLANTER.

Ubnr, money and insures (he crop. %Yon
itnow whenit is worliinE; you can see the corn on its
way to the ground. Made with or without fertlllier
attachment. New device for sowing peas, benns, ensi-
fa .m lusSpangler Low-

Do H

.rain

rltrill. \Vr

SPANGLER filANUFACTilMNS CO.. 5010 620 St.. York, Pa.

WROUGHT IRON PIPE

Good '.-onditicn, ust'd short time: only; newthreadf
and ooupliiigs; for Meam. Gas or \Vater; sizes from ]■<
to 12 inch diameter. Our prictr ;ur toot on ^inf^hj;
So; onlicoh.li-.c. V>iitf^ tor fre..- catalogue No, 166

CHICAGO HOUSE WRECKING CO.,

NO HUMBUG.

Mention the Southern Planter
writing.

A GOOD SUGGESTION.

Editor The Southern Planter, Rich-
mond, Va. :

Dear Sir, — I am a subscriber to your
paper, which is a source of much valu-
able information for the up-to-date and
progressive farmer.

Now, a word to my brother farmers:
Let each and every reader of the South-
ern Planter try to persuade at least
cue neighbor to subscribe to the paper.
In this way, we can double its present
circulation, and thus enable the editor
to make it even more interesting than
now. We farmers are scattered over
tite country in such a way that we can
speak almost every day of the South-
ern Planter to some neighbor or friend
who is not familiar with it. This the
editor cannot do. as there is only one
of him, but there are many of us.
Let's get a hustle on its and make it
the greatest farm paper in the world.
A. H. D. KiKG.
Caswell County, N. C.
We certainly very greatly appreciate
the above letter from our correspond-
ent. He states our position exactly.
We want every farmer in the South to
become a reader of the Southern
Planter. We know we can help them
in their farming operations. Look up
the special offer we make in this issue
to new subscribers. We appreciate the
support of every one of our friends,
and we endeavor to make our .iournal
a credit to our section, as well as to
ourselves as publishers. — S. P. Pub.
Co.

PURIFIED MILK.

"Purified Milk" is the title of a little
pamphlet from the Virginia Cattle
Food Company. Danville, Va. This
company manufactures Mrs. Lea's Milk
and ButtPr Purifier, which is adver-
tised in another column.

The pamphlet referred to contains
splendid testimonials from prominent
physicians and dairymen, who have
used this preparation in their herds.

The McCormick Division of the In-
ternational Harvester Company sends
us some unique advertising novelties
in the shape of barometers. This ba-
rometer consists of a little girl wearing
a dress, which changes color according
to the weather. They also send us
some useful memorandum books.

THE HILL-TOP STOCK FARM.

We invite the attention of our read-
ers to the advertisement of the Hill-
Top Stock Farm, Staunton, Va., of
which Colonel S. Brown Allen is now
the proprietor. This farm is well
Inown to numbers of our readers who
have purchased stock there for the
p£ist number of years.

Berkshire hogs and Southdown sheep
are the offering this month. Look up
the advertisement elsewhere.

Hollybrook Farm offers eggs from
its splendid strains of pure-breds.

Wise Man's
Wagon.

Arho has hade
ling a ■wagon knows that it
-vlieels that determine the
the wnpon itself. Our

STEEL
WHEELS

havegivenanewlea.^eof life to thousands of old
wagons, lliey can he hnd in any desired htight.and
any width or tire up to 8 inches. With a set ot these
wheels you can in a few minutes have either a high
or a low down wacon. The Electrle llamly
Waeon la made by skilled workmen, of best select-
ed material — white liickory axles, steel wheels, steel
hounds, etc. Guaranteed to carry iOOO lbs. Here'
the wairon that will save money for you. as i
lasts iihnost forever. Ourcntalog describingthe us
oC these wheels and wagons sent free U' rite for

ELECTRIC WHEEL CO., BOX 146 QUlNCV, ILLINOIS.

WE'LL PAY THE FREBGMT

id send* Buggy Wheels, Slvdl Tir« un, . ii(7.2:-

\Wlth Bubbtir lires. $16.0U. I mlg. wheels % iu4il

I tread. Top Bagglea, $28,75; Harness. J3. 60. Write fi-

CBtalogue, Learn how lo buy vehlclfs an-l pmns direct

W»gon Ombrella FREE. W. V. BOOB, ClDCinnaU, W

FLOWING WATER.

RIFE

Hydraulic Engin<

Defender
Sprayer

Expansion

double strainer.

of Pumps and

I Spraying free.

WANTED;

J. F. Qaylord, Box S2 CateUll, N. T.

STEEL KING CULTIVATOR

with 5 reversible ])Oints
and hillers. The best tool
i>f its kind in the market.
Get our catalogue of Sep-
arators and Powers for 2
and :! horses, level or e

'it-a-i .-u-^^-T ^u»>L..-, Corn Shellers. Feed Mills.
Steel and Plank KmIKts. Mowers, Rakes. Corn
Planters, Saws, ?:niiines. :' ini.'.'> H. P. mounted
and stationary. The Messinger Mfg.Co.,Tatamy,Pa.

336

THE SOUTHEKN PLANTER.

[May

KENTUCKY ALUMINUM EAR LABEL

Mude by F, H. Jackson & Co., Winchester. Ky.
Write to them for free samples.

SPLIT HICKORY BUGGIES.

The Split Hickory line of vehicles
is sold only direct to the user at the
wholesale price, not being on sale at
any store, nor it is handled by any
jobber or dealer.

The Ohio Carriage Manufacturing
Company, Station 41, Cincinnati, Ohio,
sole makers of Split Hickory vehicles,
is a highly reputable firm, with a re-
cord of years of honesty and success as
makers and sellers of high-class vehi-
cles at moderate prices. Their offer to
sell heir jobs on thirty days' free trial
is bona tide and liberal. It enables the
intending purchaser to see and try
just what he intends to buy. A postal
card or letter addressed to them at
Cincinnati will secure their valuable
new catalogue, containing all the latest
things on four wheels for people who
like stylish, long-wearing, and well-
built buggies and vehicles. Send for
it before you forget it.

The Fanciers' Supply Company,
whose advertisement appears else
where in this issue, is unique in that
it is the only exclusive poultry supply
house in the South. Their line em-
braces everything In foods, remedies,
appliances, incubators, and brooders.

The business is under the manage-
jiient of Mr. Frank Jenkins, well
known throughout the South as a judge
and a fancier of life-long experience.
The company issues a handsome cata-
logue, which is sent free for the asking,
and should be in the hands of every
pcultryman.

WILD TURKEYS WANTED.

Dr. Cecil French is advertising in
another column tor all sorts of wild
game, and especially wild turkeys.

Our readers should be on the lookout
for wild turkey eggs, and also any
flocks of these birds, which they may
run across. Dr. French will pay $5.00
apiece for them next fall.

BEST LINAMENT FOR ENLARGE-
MENTS OP ANY KIND.

Carrie, Va., Jan. 22, 1903.
The Lawrence-Williams Co.. Cleveland,

O.:

I was induced one year ago by my
family physician to try Gombault's
Caustic Balsam. A fine mule that had
an enlarged hock that all other lina-
ments failed to help at all; after using
two or three applications of Caustic
Balsam, added J75.00 to its value. Af-
terwards used it for another one with
bone spavin that was so lame he would
give out in one day's drive. Gave one
month's rest, and the mule Is well. So
I am proud to say Gombault's Caustic
Ba'sam is tar the best linament I have
found for enlargements of any kind. —
J. C. Dixon.

■'The difference between water and
air is that air can be made wetter, but
water cannot." — New Orleans Pica-
yune.

Announcement

We liave obtained the Court's decree against two
additional manufacturers who have been infring-
ing our patent. The rule of law is : *' The maker.

The Janesville machine Co. and the Keystone
Farm Machine Co. are the only limisllcensed to
use tLjiat tooth covered by our patent, and we
finally warn sellers and users of all other makes. So
adinii'ablyhavethe6u,000"IlaUock" Weedersdone
the work for whi<-h they were designedLthat one
maker after another sought to copy it. However,
by the various Courts' decisions, these makers are
conipeUed to abandon the manufacture of a
Weeder having tlat teeth, and they are now ex-
pt^rliiuMiting w ith other shapes- but it is the flat
tooth that made the '"Hallock'' "Weeder famous,
and inview of the manner in which our patent has
be'-n sustained, it is dangerous to use an infrindng
tuoth. Write for descriptive circulars and pnces,
HALLOCK WEEDER & CULTIVATOR CO..
Box 839 York, Pa.

THEIMPROVED

Chamberlin Mfg. Co., Olean, N. Y., U. S. A.

STUMP PULLER

Most Powerful. Handiest
and Strongest Built In
the World.
We make 4 kinds In eliss

suit ul) needs and of any

iired ^lt^en^;th. Saves time

and does the work right. The

operation of pullinc

stumps and trees \>J our

methods is simple and

eat>y. >iend for Fre»

Cutuloiciie.

CUIClflO STUMP HACIIINE IffFll. C(K

^26 La SftHe Street, Chicago, IIL

HERCULES STUMP PULLER

Clears Hii ncre of heavy timber land each day.
Clears all slumps In a circle of I.* ft. without
movinK or changing machine, Strongest, most
riipid working and best made.
Hercules MIg. Co., 413 17th St.. Centreville. Iowa.

WE PAY $26 A WEEK ^■>" o-r>er.sesion.en

I'oultry Comp

with rigs to Introduce
INTERNATIONAL M'F'G.CO., Parsons, Kan.

li)03.]

THE SOUTHEElSr PLANTEK.

337

Golden Rule
of Agriculture:

Be good to your land and your crop
will be good. Plenty of

Potash

in the fertilizer spells quality
and quantity in the har
vest. Write us and
we will send you,
free, by next mail,
our money winning
books.

GERMAN KALI WORKS, ^

93 Nassau Street, Sf

New York. . ciw

A/ft

SAN JOSE SCALE""'"'-"

Unil JUU\. UUni.1. trolled by ubing

GOODS CAUSTIC POTASH

"WHALE OIL SOAP. No. 3.

It also prevents CurJ Leaf. Endorsed by en-
tomologists. This soap is a fertilizer as well as
Insecticide 50 lb. kegs, $2.50; 100 lb. kegs. $4 .iO.
Half barrels. 270 lbs., at 3Hc per lb.; barrels,
425 lbs., at 3'4C. Large qaantltles, special rates
Send for circular.

JAMES GOOD,
939— 11 X. Front St., Philadelphia. p«.

Agricultural
and Builders'

LIME

Send for Circulars and Price-List.

FELLSWORTH LIME WORKS

REEVES CATT, Agent

Bodley, Augusta County, Va.

STEEL ROOFING

Slrictlv new, perfect, Semi-Harden<
Steel Sheets, 2 feet wide. 6 teet long. Tli
be&l RooriDc, Siding or (eilf

■ necessary to lay it.

We furnisb nails free
Tg two EidE'S. Corner
igattd or ■■V" crimped.

$2.00 PER SOUARE.

A square means lOO square feet. Write
CUICAGU 11(11 SE WBECUKU CO.,--?. ilSlli i Iron sin., llilc»«o

FRAZER

AX C UrCflSC the world.
I Its wearing qualities are unsurpassed, ac-
tually out'asiing 3 bxs. any other brand.
Not aflectt-d bv beat. «3-Get the Genuine.
FOI-; ,<.^LE BY ALL DEAI.KKS.

TEACH THE COMMANDMENTS.
The Ten Commandments, if I may
be allowed the expression, are that
quantity of eternal righteousness of
which human nature is capable, writ.-s
Rev. Dr. H. Martyn Hart, dean of St.
Johns' Cathedral, Denver, Col. Ther-s
was one man who kept them intact,
one perfect man, and only one. But,
inasmuch as Jesus of Nazareta did
keep them, it is proof that they can he
kept by human nature. That lhes&
Ten Commandments were spoken by
God and were not the emanation of the
mind of Moses is plain enough. We
have some intimation of the caliber ol
the ancient Egyptian mind and of their
rotions of morality. The outcome of
the Ten Commandments from that
source is impossible. The Jews were,
and had been for two centuries, labor-
ers, ground down in slavery. Moses
could not have gained such a notion of
righteousness from that source. Then,
how did this man, without assistance
from his environment, suddenly pro-
duce a code of laws which the highest
intellectual capability of our race has
never approached, much less equaled?
The Ten Commandments are the: only
invariable moral standard the v/orld
has ever possessed, and those men
whose characters have most closely
reached that standard have been the
best men, the nien who have been most
honored, who have had the best in-
fluence on their generation, and whose
memories the world has treasured.
What ordinary man can even mention
ten men who lived in the different cen-
turies after Christ other than those*
the world has called "saints"? And
the saints are the men who ruled their
lives by the Ten Commandments. "Wis-
dom." said the wisest man who ever
lived — "wisdom is the principal thing,'-
and everybody knows that the ancient
writer wrote truth when he said: "The
tear of the Lord is the beginning of
wisdom." When that man whom God
raised up to try to the fullest every
scheme human nature has proposed for
the securing of happiness reached the
end of his career, having travelled
every road to its farthest end, and
declared of each one: "It Is vanfty;
all, all is vanity," Solomon bequeathed
to his race the result of his vast ex-
perience. Let us hear the conclusion
of the whole matter. He wrote: "Fear
God and keep His commandments, for
this is the whole duty of man.''

The Ten Commandments are the oniy
rules we possess for the eduetiaon of
the heart — the man.

And inasmuch as it is the heart
v.hich govorrs the man, and not the
head, the Ten Commandments are the
most important implements of educa-
tion we possess.

The Ten Commandments are the
rules of morality. There is not a
breath of ecclesiasticism or sectarian-
ism in the Ten Commandments. Let
the Ten Commandments be incorpo-
rated in the regular school curriculum.
They carry with them a subtle feeling

Impartial Time bestows none in
passing on vehicles. Each is
judged by its fitness and the ser-
vice rendered. It is through more
than half a century's duty that

Studebaker

Vehicles and Harness

acquired the

Dod opinion of all

that they are staid.

h. dependable goods, that eive full
value ever>-\vhere and always. There's
variety and fitness for all service, tiood
taste style, and above all. Honesty in
Ma.ke a.nd Ma.teria.1. You are entitled
to these things for your money. The place
where vou are sure of getting them is the
Studebaker local dealer. Catalogue and
particulars sent direct on request.

StudebaLker Bros. Mfg. Co.,

SOVTH BEND, IND.

WELL

DRILLING
MACHINES

The most successful mouey-making ma-
chines ever made. Also machines for boring
wells with augers by horse power. Write
us if you mean business.
Loomis Machine Co., Tiffin, Ohio.

First check for S'iO.OU will get :i

Sharpies Safety Hand Separator,

350 1b capacity. Doe.s good work.

>»

'*Feeds snd Fetding

Prof. Henry's Great Book for
Farmers and Stockmen.

Delivered anywhere for - - $2.00
With the SOUTHERN PLANTER, 2.25

338

THE SOUTHEUxN PLAKTEK.

May

impiUHl. eco-
nomlfal, prnfti-
enl. hleh i,'nule
saver. rse<l bv
jfooit, prucllcul
tar 111 ITS every-

< l■■■^ NANLOVt CAIE CO.:

272 HU.RON SlCHICACp.lu

iitlstiic

YOU OUGHT TO KNOW BHTTER

About the U. H. Stays. Thf-y make a
cheaij, strong fonce with barb or coil
wire. Easily handled as nails, self-lock-
ins, can't slip, and no niarhine neces-
sary. They are made of heavy, hard
wire. un<i won'i sliii dnwn. Try
a basketful to stiffen the old fencing
(barb or woven wire), and you will use
nothing else to build new fence. We sell
coil wire. too.

THE B. B. FENCE CO..
14th and Clark Sts.. Racine. "Wis.

wire: rENCE.

Heavy lateral wires, heavy hard steel stays.
colled spring wire. Sure Grip lock. In
strength, appearance and durability, the
Hard Steel cannot be excelled. Write for
oatalogue and prices.

THE HARD STElOb WIRE FENCE CO..
Cuyahoga Falls. Ohio.

Page Gate Frames

are solici round Iron, welded by electricity. Gates
have to stand more banginn than fence. Cure are
Dowerfully braced. Meeh entirely woven by hand.
PA(JK WOVEN WIBK FENCE CO., AUIUAN, MICH.

Genuine spiral Spring Wire

FENCES AND GATES

If \our dealer dues not have our
gooJs in slock \i»u can buv direct
at Mnnufacture'rs" Price.' Write
for C.Ti ilogue and secure aE;ency.

INTERNATIONAL FENCE AND F. CO-
Columbus. Ohio.

Barbed & Smooth Wire

Smooth Galvanized Wire Shorts

(iani."-s. 10. 11. 13. i:l and 14; Prices from $1.50
to $ 1 .75 per hundred. Write tor Calalogue No. lli'i

CHICAGO HOUSE WRECKING CO.

West 35tli anil Iron Sts.. C'llICACiO.

itl^^^LkiiiLAWN FENCE

ii'ii"iO';'*>;">:».''i '\i»\w

Many deslRTiH, Cheap (_
■wood. 32 [laKC Catalogue
free. Spi>rl«lPrlreatoCi<iB«>
t«ri*flBDd('horrbeK. Afldresi
COILED SPBINfl FRIVCE CO.
Box U. Wlneh(Mit«r. i>d

FENCE!;

STROHGESt
MADE. Ball

■trotiff. Chicken
tlKbt. Sold to the Fanner at WbolMsk
Prif«a. rnlly WaminUtd. Catalog Fn*

of awe — "God spake these words" — and
ihe fear that the Great King will hold
us responsible for breaking them is a
continual incentive to our careful keep-
ing of them.

Mr. MacDonald, the specialist in the
United States Bureau of Education, in
his statement just presented to Con-
gress, says, without question, that
crime is steadily on the increase. This
may be seen from these figure.-i, !)ub-
lished ten years ago (the data of f^e
last census have not yet been issued,
so that 1S90 is as far as we can go) :

In 1850 there was one criminal to
every 3,442 of the population.

In 1860 there was one criminal to
every 1,647 of the population.

In 1870 there was one criminal to
every 1,021 of the population.

In 1880 there was one criminal to
every 837 of the population.

In 1890 there was one criminal to
every 715 of the poulation.

There were 8,834 murders in the
United States last year; the year be-
fore the number was 7,852 — an increase
of 1.000. One death in every 112 is
murder! There were 986 more sui-
cides last year than the year before —
8,231 is the fearful record of godless
unrestraint. One death in 65 is either
a murder or a suicide in the United
States.

In the face of this alarming condi-
tion of the mortality of the nation, it
must be confessed that the public edu-
cation is a failure. It falls to do tha'.
very thing for which education is un-
dertaken; it fails to train our youth
to the yoke of discipline and obedi-
ence; it fails to create in them a prin-
ciple of energy which enables them to
resist temptation; it fails to induce
them, of their own free will, to accept
the law of labor and duty; it fails to
make them patriotic citizens and God-
fearing men and women.

I have little respect for the man whn
is only a destructive critic. Do not
pull down even the hovel which shel-
ters you, unless you have prepared a
better house for your refuge, I there-
fore would venture to suggest a rem-
edy to arrest this increasing torrent of
anarchy and revolution.

I would stop the public education at
about the sixth or seventh grade, t
would take the money now expended
on high schools and universities and
spend it on lower education. The char-
acter is formed practically between the
ages of seven and fourteen years.

■I would supply a teacher to every
twelve children. I would make those
children, by almost individual atten-
tion, master, and thoroughly master,
the groundwork of education. Thej
should read aloud history, geography,
etc., and plenty of it; they should write
composition, commit to memory the
best of literature.

I would publish a book of extracts
from the Bible, which is the highest
literature we possess. I would have
the Ten Commandments often repeat-
ed and thoroughly taught, and some

FARMS FOR SALE!

Farm No, 2.
Contains 265 acres; 215 under culti-
vation; 50 acres original oak and
hickory. Fronts on the pike running
from Winchester to Alexandria; five
miles from railroad; one-half mile
from proposed electric railroad. Excel-
lent six-room dwelling house, with
broad halls, standing in a large, nicely-
shaded blue-grass lawn; all necessary
outbuildings; land chocolate clay, with
stiff clay subsoil; all level, but rolling
enough to drain well; fine for wheat
and grass; well watered. Owner con-
templates making improvements. But
if sold before, price $25 per acre, on
•?asy terms.

No. 3.
Contains 430 acres; 350 acres under
cultivation; SO acre<« in good original
oak and hickory timber. Situated in
Louiloun county, four miles from rail-
road station; one mile from proposed
electric railroad. Soil in fine state of
cultivation; adapted to grain and grass.
Land level and watered by streams,
and a beautiful, bold spring in the yard.
Good dwelling and outbuildings; two
new stock barns. Greater part of farm
in grass. Price now, $20 per acre.

No. 4.
Contains 100 acres, all under cultiva-
tion, and in good condition. Good
frame dwelling and all necessary out-
buildings in good condition. Situated
on the pike, with market wagons pass-
ing every day. paying Washington city
prices for produce. Splendidly situated
for fruit, poultry, dairy and trucking.
Price now, $2,000, on easy terms.

No. 5.

Contains 163 acres; one-half under
cultivation; balance in second-growth
timber. Good seven-room dwelling and
necessary outbuildings; good orchard
in fine fruit section. Farm lies near
Southern railroad, twenty miles from
Washington; well watered; a splendid
dairy farm. Price, $2,000,

The above-di'scribed farms are situ-
ated in a neighborhood of refined citi-
zens, with good labor plentiful, and
will not be on the market long before
being sold. For further information
and M more detailed drscription of any
one of them, write to

W. E. MILLER,
Herndon, Va.

To HOIYIESEEKERS.

"THE BUSINESS OF FARMING
IN VIRGINIA."

Is the title of a new pamphlet issued by the
Norfolk and Wtstern Railway Company. We
will gladly mail you a copy.
W. B. UI'JVILL. PAUL SCHERER. Agt.,
G. P. A., Lands and Immigration,
Roanoke, Va.

1903.]

THE SOUTHERNS' PLANTER.

339

UflMCQ AND THE PLACE TO
nUIVIto FIND THEM. . .

No place in the United .States can a
man do so well at farming, for th e money
invested, as in Virginia. Lands are
cheap; diraate good, and the liest of
markets close at hand. It is the State
of all others, for a comfortable all the
year round home. The .Tames River
A'alley Colonization and Improvement
Company otter superior advantages to
land purchasers. For free 36 pa?e land
pamphlet, addre.ss

W. A. PARSONS, Vinita, Va.

WE HAVE A LARGE LIST OF

FRUIT, POULTRY and TRUCK FARMS

Fifty and One Hundred Acres each.

■ith

good buildings, close to steam and trolley

lines, easy access to the city. Also

QRAIN AND STOCK FAkMS

From liiO to 1.000 acres at low prices all the

way from $o to ?oO per acre. Write for

Catalogue.

THE VIRGINIA LAND AGENCY. Richmond. Va.

J. R. HOCKADAY. Manager.

IF YOU WISH TO SELL

VIRGINIA LANDS

Communicate with us. Write for tree
"Virginia Real Estate Journal," con-
taining many splendid bargains.
R. B. CMAFFIN & CO., Inc .

No. I N lOth 3t , Richmond. Va

VIRGINIA FARMS,

ORCHARDS and HOMES

In the >'est frnii and aerlcultural eections of
the stale. VirgiDla folder, lists of property
and information free

J. W, APPERSON & BRO„
Yancey Mills, Va,

JAMES RIVER FAhM FOR SALE!

2?0 acres— 120 in high state of cultivation, in
Wheat, Grass and Corn ; will produce SO bushelp
of Wheat per acre. Land adapied 'o variety of
truc^ine. Dwelling honse, Barns and other
out-building?. One mile from regular steam-
boat wharf. For further information write to
"J.\MF,s River,"

Careot The Southern Planter.

; PI ED MO NT rini^'-^

Good land, climate, markets, shipping fa-
cilities, churches, schools, good health, mode-
rate prices, easy terms.

HACON & CO., = Orange, Va.

VIRGINIA FARMS

All prices and sizes. Free list on application.
WM. B. PIZZINI CO.. Richmond. V».

Go South.

For full par-

ticiilurs write

A. JEFFERS,

Norfolk, Va,

/ Can Sell Your Farm

Send descriptjo:

text-book proviaerl tor the explanation
of their principles.

By this plan a boy or girl of fifteen
or sixteen would leave the public care
thoroughly and accurately instructed
in the groundwork of education, and.
which is of far more importance, with
habits of careful observation, accurate
expression, and economy of time well
established, and — above all — with the
law of labor, not play, stamped upon
the character.

Every civilization which has prac-
ticed immorality has decayed and
finally disappeared. And this great
country is not beyond the reach of a
universal law. This country is rapidly
deteriorating in its moral fiber, and
the material decline will Inevitably
follow: and, unless our citizens arise
and grapple this demon of irresponsi-
bility and immorality by reorganizing
the public education, even this land of
vast opportunity, rapidly becoming the
land of license, will fall from her ma-
jestic height into an unimaginable
chaos of social disaster.

PRIZES FOR AGRICULTURAL STU-
DENTS, NORTH CAROLINA
A. AND M. COLLEGE.

The Vermont Farm Machine Com-
pany, of Bellows Falls, Vt., offers a
prize of their No. 7 U. S. Sepsrator
for the student preparing the best
essay on "The Making of a Daily
Farm." The value of this prize is
$100.

P. M. Sharpies, West Chester, offers
a prize of one-half the list pric" of the
separator to the student preparing the
best essay on the subject. "The Middle
South as a Dairy Section." Th^? value
of this prize is from $.50 to $250.

The Caraleigh Fertilizers aui Phos-
phate Company, Raleigh, offers a prize
of a ton of high-grade fertilizer to ihe
student preparing the best essay on
"S.-^il Fertilization." The value of this
prize is $.35.

Mr. Grimes Cowper, Raleigh, offers
a prize of a pure-bred registered .Jersey
bull to the student preparing the best
essay on "The Conformation of the
Dairy Sire and Cow." The value of
this prize is $50.

The McMillan Company, of New
York, offers a prize of a set of books,
"Rural Science," complete, to the stu-
dent preparing the best essay on "The
Farmer and His Library." The value
of this prize is $25.

Charles Scribner's Sons, New York.
offers a prize of a set of books on Agri-
culture to the student preparing the
best essay on the subject, "The Farmer
Should be a Student Always." The
value of this prize is $5.

The Zenner Disinfectant Company,
Detroit. Mich., offers a silver medal to
the student making the best report on
live stock exhibit at the State Fair.
The value of this medal is $25.

The North Carolina State Fair Asso-
ciation offers a prize of $5 to the stu-
dent preparing the best essay on the
"Live-Stock Exhibit at the State Fair."

ELMWOOD NURSERIES.

ASPARAGUS

100,000 2-yr. old Asparagas roots,
n varieties. A special rate of S3..50
perlO'iO for 2 mos, for liAHR'S,
rALlIETTO, CONOVER,

APPLES

A large general assortment, in-
cluding WINESAPS and YORK
IMPERIALS.

Splendid Assortment

of Ornamental, Shade

and Fruit Trees.

from B. P. Rocks, Light
Brahmas, Brown Leg-
horns at SI, 00 per 13.

WRITE FOR OUR CATALOGUE.

Wood's Farm Seeds.

Cow Peas

and

Soja Beans

Two of the most important crops
for farmers everywhere. Write for
leaflets entitled " Soja Beans vs.
Com " and " Cow Peas — ^The
Clover of The South," giving
special information about these
crops. We carry large stocks of all
SEASONABLE FARH SEEDS,
Seed Corn, nillet, Sorghums,
Teosinte, Late Seed Pota-
toes, Crimson Clover,
Buckwheat, etc.

Wood's Seed Book and Special Circu-
lars giving prices and seasonable in-
formation, mailed free.

T.W. Wood & Sons, Seedsmen,

RICHMOHD,- VIRGINIA.

VrRGINIA FARMS

S3 PEB ACRE AND UPWARDS.

EASY PAYMENTS. CATALOGUE FREE.

GEO, E, CRAWFORD & CO,, Richmond, Va,

Established 1S73.

riMC TADIUC '" 'he great fruit grain and
rlllL rAnlYlO stock section of VIRGINIA.

j3e»t cliuiate ana water in the V. S. Near great
markets, with be.st educational advantages.
l*'or further inforniation. address

ALBEMAKLK IMMIliRATION CO.,
S.\M'L B. Woods. Pres. Charlottesville, Va.

340

THE SOUTHS RX PLAXTER.

SEED CORN

Cottage Valley Stock and Seed Farm,

W. M. WATKINS & SON. Props..
Randolph P. 0., Charlotte County. Va

White Champion.

■J'he Earliest Cornou record. Ears 10 to 12
Inches long, with IS to 20 rows on a cob. Pine
size grain. The Onest Early Corn ever
planted Planted Juno Inili on .i-.linM'iv liMi
land, int, and wiis in sh.n-k Sei.t. imii Wi-
made irom i.nc KullDn ).lnnied. r.' barrels i>l
good Loru:

Price— 1 peck. 75c.: )J, bus..$r50: 1 bus., $2.50.
Pride of Cottage Valley.

A large eared, deep grained Early White
Corn with 16 to 21 rows on a cob and stalks
13 to 15 feet high; usually t«i. ears to the
stalk and yielding an abundance of fodder.
This Corn is very productive and makes the
beet table meal.

Price— 1 peck. 45c.: H bus.. 85c.: I bus.. 1.25.
Early Yellow Variety.

Popularly known as Huron Dent. Most per-
fect-sbaptd ear and most reliable Early Yel-
low Corn ever introduced. Planted May luth.
cut. and in shock by the latter part of August!
Price— t peck. 30c.: y. bus. 60c.; 1 bus.. $1.00.
Shuw White Dent.

It has medium cars and grows very large,
compact, close-set grains, well filled out. the
cob being medium size, very white, and re-
quiring grains to span it, and weighing about
7H lbs. per 70 lbs. of ears. Another point.
Snow White Dent matures a good yield
during droughty years, growing along side of
other enrn that makes little or nothing.
Taking all points into consideration. Snow
White Dent is the coming white variety for
milling and all other purposes. To-day there
are more than thirty articles made from
white corn, and Snow White Dent Is the
best one for all purposes.

If you want the best wnite corn in America,
you larnot make a mistake by planting Snow
White L'ent. The year IPOl was the first time
It was offered for sale by any one, when it
brought $5.00 per bus. and no more than one
bushel -;vas sold a single customer. We are
now able to offer it in quantity, but in any
event, solicit early orders, as there promises
to be a larger demand for all variety of seed
corn during the coming season than for many
years past. We reserve the right at all tim.s
to decline orders for more than one bushel.
Price— 1 peck. 45c.: '^ bus.. 85c.: 1 bus.. $1.50.

DIGGS& BEADLES

/?fcX/4 BLE

SEEDS

Selefted SEED CORNS. SO.JA an.l
VELVET BE.ANS, COW PE.\S
MILLET and SOKGHU.M,'^
Write lor jirioes.

DIGGS & BEADLES, Seedesmen,

1711 E. Franklin Street,
RICHMOND, - VIRGINIA.

Catalogue mailed FREE.

sx«b:d coRitf.

IMPROVED aOLDEN DENT— iVir a large
yielding, qulek-growing yellow corn, this va-
riety is, In my opinion, unequalled.
$1.00 (one dollar) per bushel.

J. F. DURRETTE,
BIrdwood, Albemarle Co., Va.

[Mav

HONOR TO WHOM HONOR IS DUB.
(Mary Washington.)
Whilst the whole civilized world is
throwing up its cap (as it were) and
cheering for Marconi, there is no fact
in histor.v better authenticated than
that the original inventer of wireless
telegraphy was Dr. Mahlon Loomis,
whom we may justly call a Virginian,
for. though he was born in what is now
callled West Virginia, it formed at
that time (1826) a part of the "Old
Dominion." Fairfax county claims Dr.
Loomis as one of her citizens, on the
strength of his having spent the great-
er part of his life there, his parents
having carried him to that county
when he was only ten years old. It is
not a matter of mere tradition, but of
record, that in July, 1872, Dr, Loomis
obtained a patent for his wonderful
invention, but, as usual with men of
genius, he had to encounter the sneers,
incredulity, and ridicule of his contem-
poraries, with a few honorable excep-
tions. The following winter, he tried
to get the recognition of government
for his invention, and accordinsrlv on
the 16th of January, 1873. the United
States Senate passed a bill incorpora-
ting the Loomis Aerial Telegraph Com-
pany, and the act was signed by Presi-
dent Grant on the 21st of Jantiary.

The whole transaction had been con-
signed to oblivion until lately, when it
was recalled to recollection by Sena-
tor Hoar's introducing a resolution
that Congress should extend a vote of
thanks to Marconi for his invention of
wireless telegraphy. On reading of
this, Mr. E. W. Whitaker (who had
been Loomis' attorney when his bill
was passed, and who had assisted him
in getting a patent) wrote to Senator
Elkins. of West Virginia, calling his
attention to the fact that wireless tele-
graphy had been invented by a man
from his State thirty years before,
"but that a foreigner had taken and
perfected the ideas and invention of
Dr. Loomis, who had died poor, be-
cause his countrymen had failed to rec-
ognize his genius." I am not aware,
however, if any proof exists that Mar-
coni appropriated Loomis' idea, or even
knew of it as such. It is more proba-
bly one of those coincidences (so num-
erous in the annals of the world) in
which the same idea dawns almost
simultaneously on persons living
widely apart and having no communi-
cation with each other.

The records amply verify Mr. Whit-
aker's assertions about Dr. Loomis' in-
vention. It appears from the debates
held on the sub.lect that the bill was
warmly championed by Senator An-
thony, of Rhode Island, but most of
the other senators were disposed to I
laugh at it, and treat it as a freak.
Even Senator Thurman, although he
gave the bill his support, showed some-
thing of this spirit. "Now," said he,
"I want to perfect this measure as well
as I can. The promoter of It has dis-
covered some new mode of telegraphy,
which he assures me will enable him to

STOCK AND IMPLE\1ENTS
For Sale.

BeinK unable to finish my Auction Sale on the
20th ult., on account of darkness, I now ofler
'he following stock and implements at very low
prices «8 I must leave this farm.

KiNQ IDLER— A seal brown, thoroughbred
Stallion, by King Alfonso, a sure foal-getler and
a beauty.

3 YEAR OLD COLT by King Idler— as fine an
ndlTidual as llvei ; can jump a 4 foot rail fence
now. with ease

2 MILCH COWS with calves by tbelr sides; 4
Yearlings, 2 Heifers and 2 Bulls

1 McCormick Reaper and Binder, used only one
'eason and Is as good as new

1 GEISER THRESHING MACHINE with 30 inch
cylinder.

One 2-hoIe Corn Sheller: 1 Nesbitt Grain Meas-
urer-
Remember: everything Is In good condition
and will be sold cheap.

THOS SHOOSMITH,
Naok of Land Farm, Jamestown, Va.

WALTER'S

Piano Exchange

We buy, sell and exchange PIAXOS,
do a general musical merchandise
business and take trade.

PRICES THE LOWEST.

TERMS THE BEST.

F. W. WALTER & SON,
Staunton, Va

Crop Growing
and Crop Feeding.'

Bv Prof. W. F. MaSSEY.
383 Pp. Cloth. $1.00: Paper. 50c.

We offer this splendid work In connec-
tion with the SOUTHERN PLANTER
at the following prices:

Southern Planter and Cloth

Bound Volume. SI. 25.
Southern Planter and Paper

Bound Volume, 90c.
Old or new subscriptions.

FOR SALE.

In Albemarle Co., Vu., l'., miles from Crozel
depot, u VALUABLE FRUIT AND STOCK FARM
There are li.Jmi I'ruit trees of the best varieties-^
winesaps, etc.; over one-third of these iu bear-
ing. New dwelling and outbuildings, well tim-
bered and HKtered. A lariro part ot the land in
grass, ^(v) acres in the tract.
For particulars, apply Ki ARTHUR T. EWINQ,
Wintergretn, Nelson Co., Va.

For Sale.

you particulars.

■'lOO acre farm and line
I'limtry home, near the
.Natural Bridge. Postal
card inquiry will bring

Mrs. Tompkins, Glasgow, Va.

1903.]

THE SOUTHERN^ PLANTER.

341

Fistula and'
Poll Evil

treat these
d i s e a s es
y n u r s e I r
and cure them in 15 to 30 days. Flem-
ing's Fistula and Poll Evil Cure is easy
to apply, perfectly safe to use. and
your money is promptly refunded it It
should ever fail to cure.

Interesting Booklets Free.

We have two booklets to send you.
One tells about Fistula, Poll Evil,
Spavlu, Ringbone, Curb, Splint, Knee-
Sprung, Lump Jaw, etc., with instruc-
tions how to cure them.

The other proves that you can cure
thtm. Write to-day.

FLKniNO 1-KOS.. Chemists.
^2 Union Stock Vardii ■ Chicago. Ill

Pressing Hard Easy

Hay
Press

.^ __ it with the

. n'tfie horse.' The Red Ripperhas

ntered in competition ^vith other presses.both

RED RIPPER

It bales tight bundles, large or^small. and d^c.

here it was awarded first
premium* Dealere who handle the Red Ripper say that
it just drives other hay presses out of the market. The low.
est priced press on the market, and --- '— "-- -"■ —
to operate. Progressive, e = ■

Uistributin^ points. B.iltini

Address SIKES MFG. CO., Helena, Georgia.

i less than others
cal farmers will want to
our new Cataloi: No. 4.13.

ROUND SILO

THE PHILADELPHIA.

The only Perfect Continuous Open Front
SILO made. See Open-Top Patent Hoot. Ask
tor Catalogue. E. F. SCHLICHTER.

321 Vine St., Philadelphia, Pa.

Also made in the West by Duplex Mfg.
Co., South Superior. Wis.

SE)E:I3 OODEB3>Cr

The Prize WHITE DENT Corn. The seed
were obtained last year from Epitomist Ex-
periment Farm, Indianapolis. Matures in 90
days and grows about like Southern White
Corn. A heavy yitldcr. Price, J1.40 per bus.,
75c. per half bus.

W. RUSSELL, Abbyville, Va.

300
BUSHELS

Soja Beans

FOR SALE— ;iOc. per bushel.
Seed Corn, irw,. Bluck Peas, 51 30.
W. H. WILSON. St. Brides, Va.

llfifiJTE

GREENSBORO, N.C.

For the treatment of THE LIQUOR, OPIUM, MORPHINE „nc
other Drug Addictions. The Tobbacco Habit, Nerve Exhaustior

Tou piiv S^ when cured.
No cure, no pny. .\LE.\. .«PE1K.S, Box .S44.
Westbrook. Maine.

telegraph all around the world without
any wires, cables, or anything of that
kind. I have not the least objection
to his doing it, provided so great a
feat can be accomplished."

One section of his bill provided that
"the business and objects of said cor-
poration shall be to develop and utilize
the principle of and powers of natural
electricity to be used in telegraphing,
generating heat, light and motive
power, and otherwise make and ope-
rate any machinery run by electricity
for any purpose."

Finally, the bill passed, more as a
compliment to Senator Anthony than
anything else, and because it did not
commit the government to anything,
or involve any appropriation. But I
cannot see that the passage of this bill
effected anything, except to place on
record the fact that Loomis was the
original inventor of wireless telegra-
phy. It left him still without ade-
quate means to put his great invention
into practice, and though he used his
own means unsparingly for the pur-
I'ose. he was only able to demonstrate
on a very small scale the feasibility
of his plan. He succeeded in trans-
mitting messages without wires be-
tween stations fourteen miles apart,
these stations being on the spurs of
the Blue Ridge mountains. He me-
morialized Congress for an appropria-
tion of $50,000 to enable him to carry
out his invention, and the House of
Representatives passed the bill, but
it was defeated in the Senate, and thus,
tor want of this trivial sum (trivial
in comparison with the matter at
stake), one of the greatest inventions
of modern times fell to the ground, in-
stead of soaring triumphantly aloft,
and the name of Loomis, instead of
being proudly inscribed on the roll of
fame, along with that of Morse and
other great inventors, is known to only
a very few of his countrymen.

His fate reminds me very much of
that of Columbus, who, after all he
bad risked and endured in making the
discovery of the new world, saw him-
self virtually pushed aside in favor of
a later explorer, and the crown of lau-
rels he so richly merited placed on
the head of Amerigo Vespucci, in honor
of whom the two continents of the new
world were named^ instead of their
j liearing the name of "Columbia," and
I the fact of Columbus' rival being an
I Italian renders the parallel yet more
I Eiriking.

After sacrificing his health and
means in the effort to secure recogni-
lion for his invention. Dr. Loomis died
at the residence of his brother, at
Terra Alta, West Virginia, in 1SS6,
aged sixty, fully convinced that pos-
terity would acknowledge the import-
ance and utility of his invention.

A neat Binder for your back num-
bers can be had for 25 cents. Address
our Business Office.

Mention the Southern Ptanter when
corresponding with advertisers.

Wapranted

to give satisfaction.

GOMBAILT'S

CAUSTIC BALSAM

A safe, speedy ,
positive cure

Curb, Splint, Sweeny, Capped Hock,
Strained Tendons, Founder, Wind Puffs,
and all lameness from Spavin, lUngbone
and other bony tumors. Cures all skin
diseases or Parasites, Thrush, Diphtheria.
Removes all Bunches from Horses or
Cattle.

As a. HUMAN REMKDT for Rhen-
matUm, Sprains, Sore Xhroat* etc., U
is invaluable.

Everv bottle of Cnaotlc Balsam sold is

Warranted to pive satisfaction. Price 8^1. 50
per bottle. Sold by drugpists. or sent by ex-
press, charges paid, with full directions for its
use- Send for descriptive clrculara, testimo-
nials, etc. Address
THE LAVRBRCB-WILLIAMSCOMPAST, Cleveland, Ohio.

FOUTZ'3

MORSE A^'■' CATTLE
PpWDERv^

1

// ^ i>l

IN HORSES \

>y IN CATTLE

^^" i^

^ Depraved Appeiiie, In-

Innuenia. Dislemper.

^•i ^^^

d.g«tion. Const.pal.on.

.nd all Siom^/h .nd

IN HOGS

^'d J^'"'J^°'"*'"''

ough. Scours. IndigMl

on, Supprewion of Milk

vents Colicky .tucks F

The Fin«i otall *n.n

*l viuliten and lonici

■Dd (be ooly one wbkb id-

jeitibility of proleiQ.

S Pkffs. $1.00

12 Pkis. J2.00

Ui. Pamphlet No,

. Chargrcs Paid.

HORSE COLIC.

Send me $1 00 iind T will tell you
liow to cure

HORSE COLIC

IL.- in 15 minutes at home.

t I Address —

rjj. C. PITCHER, - South Boston, Va. 1^

DEATH TO HEAVES

NKHTO.V'S Hea-e, routh, DU>
U-mper aod Indlf^eMljoD Care.

342

THE SOUTHERX PLAXTER.

[May

Home of High-breds.

Kven the best is never too good,
you'd better buy of me.
FANCIERS STOCK AT FA -MEKS PRICES,
Dl'KOC-.IKRSEYS. the best all-purpose
hug; also J'OLAND-CHINAS: U. P. ROCKS.
M. B. TURKEYS and M. P. DUCKS. Eggs in
F:enson.

THE CEDARS Wn. 0. OWENS,

P. and S. FARfl. Midlothian. Va.

FINE ILLUS-
TRATED CAT-
AI.OCI UE for
stamp, if you
mention this
paper. All

32 Varieties
Best Poultry

poultry keepers should have it.

JNO. E. HEATWOLE. Harrisonburg. Va.

BROWN LEGHORNS

("Single CombJ

Eggs from prize winners and good layers, $1.50
per sitting. Reduetion on larger lots.

WHITE PLYMOUTH ROCKS

R. W, HAW. Jr.. - Centralia, Va.

Barred. Buff and White P. Rocks, Light
Brahnias, White Wyandottes, Buff Coch-
ins, Partridge Cochins. Black Langshan.
Black Minorca, R. C. Brown Leghorns and
S. C. AVhite Leghorns. Stock for sale
cheap. Prize winner eggs, $1 for 15. A
hatch of two-thirds, or order duplicated
at half price.

OAKLAND POULTRY FARM, Rultin. N. C.
Bo« 5. C. J. Warriner. Manager

BROWN LEGHORNS

[ROSE COHB.]

" The Celebrated Maryland Strain." Prize
Winners. Eggs. SI 00 per Kj: S.^..^ per hundred.

JOHN P. MAYS,

Olencoe. Maryland.

EGG H

FROM

WHITE HOLLAND TURKEYS

i2.^T, for 9; $4.00 for IS.

WHITE PLYMOUTH ROCKS

$l.r, for 13: $2.25 for 30.

Parked and f. o. b. Express Office.

JOH^ A CLARK, - Shirley, Va.

FLOWERS TELL TIME.

Largest Timepiece Ever Built, Design-
ed Entirely in Flowers; Is An Ag-
ricultural Feature of the Louisiana
Purchase Exposition.
With its mechanical frame quite con-
cealed beneath beautiful flowers and
varicolored foliage plants, the mam-
moth floral clock that may be seen at
St. Louis by visitors to the Lousiana
Purchase Exposition in 1904, will be
by far the largest timepiece ever con-
structed.

The floral clock is immediately north
of the Agricultural Building, and to
the visitor appears to be made entirely
from contributions from the floral
world. The mechanism of the clock
is buried and the huge dial, 100 feet
in diameter, shows its face six
inches above the ground. The dial,
the hands, the minute hand being lifty
feet long, and moving five feet at each
move, and all the frames are so cov-
ered with flowers as to quite conceal
any mechanical contrivances.

The numerals making the hour are
fifteen feet in length, and are made
of bright-colored coleus. a foliage plant
that grows dense, and may be pruned
with the gardener's shears and kept
symmetrical without fear of impairing
the growth of the plant.

In the circle surrounding the numer-
als are collections of twelve distinct
plants, each collection being twenty-
five feet long and twelve feet wide. Na-
ture has ordained that each of these
plants should open its blossom at a
certain hour of the day. and the great
floral clock shows how the laws of na
ture are as exact as the mechanical
laws discovered by man. As the hands
of the giant floral clock reach the num-
eral naming a certain hour the flowers
in the great bed at the back of the hour
so designated begin to open their buds
and to exhale the perfume peculiar
to the plant.

Still another mode of computing
time will be shown by this immense
recorder of time's flight, and this by
the primitive hour-glass. On the south
side of the dial, behind the numeral
that denotes mid-day or midnight, is
built a tower, twelve feet square and
eighteen feet high. The tower is of
wood, and, like most of the beautiful
structures within the City of Knowl-
edge, is covered with staff. The archi-
tecture is graceful and ornate. The
top of the tower is surmounted with a
mammoth hour-glass, made of the hea-
viest and clearest crystal, with the re-
ceptacles for holding the sand, each
six feet in length and four feet in di-
ameter, as the base. The hour-glass
is so suspended that when the sand is
spent the glass automatically reverses
itself, and another hour is being told
off.

Concealed in the picturesque tower
is the massive machinery, weighing
tons and controlling the powerful steel
shaft that extends under the centre
of the floral dial more than fifty feet
distant. The powerful machinery is so

thrive when fed on our

BABY CHICK FOOD.

.\ perfect bulanceil f<n)il. Send lor free
■iinnpleand oiir laiKC illustratcil catalog
of POULTRY SUPPLIES.

INCUBATORS and

BROODERS.

FANCIERS' SUPPLY CO.,

517-519 West Broad St.,

Richmond, Va.

EVERYTHI.NQ FOR THE FANCIER,

PK*.H.'» mm FOOD.

rLLU rOR OO DAYSJ)!, Prepaid.

It is the cheapest food on earth. It
pays others, and will pay you. It
makes the poultry business interesting.
DECAUSE it produces results— WE
SUGGEST a trial order. Our Booklet
aud Egg-Record— FREE.

THE FRED. S. PECK CO..
211 W. Mitchell St.. - Petoskey. Mich.

EGGS EGGS EGGS

That will hatch out DoLLiiM Not real dol-
iiirs, but Turkey sand Chickens of the beat strains
in this country, which will net the owner more
real dollars of prohi than any others. I handle
'■ Nothing but the Beet " in niy line. My prices
are higher than some others, but the tjuality
more than make" the dfference. National attain
Mammoth lirnnze Turkeys, sitting 13, S'2 Nat-
ional strain, Barred Plymouth Rock ('hlckeni,
sitting, I.t) Sl.fiO.

PIEDMONT POULTRY PLACE,
Miss E, Callie Giles, Prop. Whittle's Depot, Va,

EGGS FOR HATCHING.

Toulouse Goose eggs. $:i per dozen; Barred
and White Rocks. S. L. Wyandottes, Brown
Leghorns, S. and R. C. S. C. White Leg-
horns T.'ic. per setting of 15. A few more Leg-
horn Cockerels left. $1 each.

Clover Hill Fartti.

J. B. JOHNSON,
Manassas, Va.

WHITE WYANDOTTES
and BUFF P. ROCKS.

Beautiful birds and grand layers.

Cockerels, $l..'in each.

Eggs. $1 per 13; ?3 per 100.

EDGEMONT POULTRY YARDS. Liberty Mills. Va.

PIT G'^JYIES.

BLACK DEVILS «ND RED HOaSrS.

These Cocks won 'JO per cent of battles foughl
In UiOl and l'.i(i_'. and have never lost a battle
when gamenesand cutting qualities could win.
Kggs, SJ per silling and stock for sale.

THOS. W. JARMAN, Yancey Mills, Va.

S. C. Brown Leghorns

Long bred for tine plumage, strong vitality
and laying qualities. One setting of eggs,
75c.; two settings of 32 eggs. $1.25; per 100
eggs, $:'.50. Address
J. N. HANGER, - Lasley, Va.

SO \U ICPUnOMC I'ure stock. Hred to
. U. ¥¥. LLUnUnnO. I«y Kggs si per20.
IDEAL POULTRY YAR03, Kopp, V«.

1903.]

THE SOUTHERN' PLANTER.

343

LEGHORN POULTRY YARDS

Have tor sale a limited number of Siugle
Comh Brown and White Leghorn Pullets and
Roos-ters. Best layers known. Prize-winning
stock. Price, $1 to $l.,iO each. Eggs in season
at $1 (or 16; $', per 100. Satisfaction guaran-
teed. Address

A. T. MATTHEWS. Box 36. Parksley. Va.

WANTED!

ALL KINDS OF

LIVE Wl* D BIRDS AND ANIMALS

Particularly Deer. Wild Turkeys, White

Squirrels. Ducks, Swans, Etc.

CECIL FRENCH,

718 Twelfth St. N. VI.. Washington. D. C.

EGOS FOR HATCHING.

White Wyandottes. Barred Plymouth
Kocks, S. C. White Leghorns and Fekin
Ducks. Prize winners at New York, Bos-
ton, Philadelphia. Cleveland. Hagerstown.
Pan-American and Charleston. Some ex-
tra fine stocic for sale. For prices and de-
scription, address

LEWIS E. BENEDICT. Proprietor,
Meadowvale Farm. - Lulherviile, Md,

Barred and Buff

PLYHOUTH ROCKS.

FRED NUSSEY,

Summit, Spottgylvanla Co., Va.

White Leghorns.

Egg Record— ",21i; efgs in one year
from eighteen hens.
Eggs, $2 per 15; $S per f.O.

Write for circular to-day.
C. G. M. FINK. 1409 W. Leigh St.. Richmond. Va.

SILVER WYANDOTTES

EXCLUSIVELY.

Famous "Blue Grass" Strain: none finer.
Eggs, $1 per 13; $2 per 30. 22 years a breeder
and shipper.

S. P. YODER. Denbigh, Va.

EGGS For Sale of Best Pure-Bred Stock,
fresh laid. M. P.. Turkey, Pekln Ducks,
White Wyandotte, B. P. Rocks and S. C. B.
Leghorn. Write. Miss CL.A.RA L. SMITH,
Croxton, Caroline county, Va.

delicately adjusted that it measures
off each second of time with as much
certainty as does the most accurate
ship's chronometer.

Above the hour-glass is suspended
a sweet-toned bell, weighing 5,000
pounds, on which the hour is an-
nounced. The sound-waves thus cre-
ated penetrate to the extreme ends of
the grounds.

With the first sound of the bell, the
massive and beautifully - decorated
doors to the tower swing open, and the
machinery that propels the great time-
piece is exposed to the view of the pub-
lic. In one minute the doors are again
closed, and the vine-covered hands con-
tinue their never-ending journey, pro-
pelled by a power as incapable of de-
tection as the power that causes the
flowers to unfold its blossom at the
hour appointed by nature, or the force
of gravity that causes the hour-glass
to deplete itself in a given space of
time.

The entire centre of the face of the
mammoth floral clock, a space inside
the circle created by the numerals, and
seventy feet in diameter, is composed
of alternanthera, a foliage plant which
is commonly known as "Joseph's
Coat." because of its many colors. This
plant grows low and exceedingly dense
and mottled, and brightly-colored fo-
liage completely covers the ground, but
will never grow close enough to be
touched by the hands as they pursue
their never-ending course.

Encircling this immense bed of al-
ternanthera, and separating it from
the fifteen-foot floral numerals that
mark the hour, is a narrow band of
centaurea, another foliage plant, popu-
larly knows as "Dusty Miller." This
species of plant, a beautiful silver in
appearance, grows a trifle higher than
the alternanthera. The band of "Dusty
Miller," only eight inches wide, sepa-
rates the seventy-foot circular bed of
alternanthera from the twelve beds of
the same plant that surrounds the
space on the dial allotted to the large
numerals.

The hands of the clock are made of
a frame-work of steel, but wooden
troughs filled with soil are provided,
and in these troughs myrtle, ivy, and
other creeping green plants grow lux-
I'.riantly and completely conceal from
view everything but themselves.

The crowning glory of the floral
clock is a group of twelve distinct
plants that begin unfolding their petals
with the morning-glory at the peep
o' day, and as each hour is registered
a new plant begins displaylngr Its
charms, while the bloom of the plant
of an hour before falls and dies to be
reincarnated twenty-four hours later.
The circle surrounding the numerals
is 300 feet in circumference, and the
sections of hour flowers each occupy a
space twenty-five feet long and
eighteen feet deep. The sections are
divided by narrow strips of foliage

HOLLYBROOK FARM.

fiGGS [5? Sill'lNG

From Thoroughbred Poultry.

In our poultry yards we have the following
thoroughbred poultry, all flrst-class stock,
tripinally started from the best stock in this
country and carefully cross-mated so as to
(rive strong and vigorous stock and the best
laying strains of the diUerent breeds that It
is possible to obtain:

BARRED P. ROCK. $1.00 per sitting.

BLACK LANGSHAN, $1.50 per sitting.

BUFF PLYMOUTH ROCK. J1.50 sitting.

LIGHT BRAHMAS, $1.50 per sitting.

SILVER LACED WYANDOTTE, $1.50.

BLACK MINORCAS. $1.50 per sitting.

In addition to careful breeding, we pay

special attention to the handling and packing

of our Eggs, so as to ensure good fertility

and a good hatch.

HENRY W. WOOD,
p. 0. Box. 330. Hollybrook Farm. RICHMOND. VA.

Barred Plymouth Rocks

— EXCLUSIVELY

Strong. healthy, vigorous, farm-raised
.=;tock; bred for laying; 75 cts. per setting.
WM. B. LEWIS. Irby, Nottoway Co.. Va.

EGGS

BARRED P. ROCK

from Sunnvslde Winter layiDK Ringlet strain.
SI .00 for 1.5; «2.ii0 tor 4.i.
SUNNVSIOE POULTRY FARM,

Christlansburg, Va.

Refekenck; Bank of Christinnsburg.

EGGS FOR HATCHING.

Purebred B. P. Rock. Bl,uk Mi^jo^ff^;
S C B Leghorn. Fine stock, excellent
lavers: I guarantee eggs to be true 'o na"«.
fresh, and to arrive In good condition.
7.5 cents per 15, S2 per 45, Jl per 100.
MIssS M. HITER, Ellisville. Louna Co ■ Va

BOGS FOR SALE

From pure bred

M B. TURKEYS. WHITE and BARRED

PLYMOUTH ROCKS.

W. F. FLANAGAN,

Christlansburg, Va.

BARRED P. ROCKS and
S. C. B. LEGHORNS.

15 eggs, SI 00: 30, $1.75.

Pokin Ducks— 11 eggs, si; 22, $1.75.

Barlains in Incibators, Organs "l^ Pi.anos.

Satisfaction guaranteed. Rev. J. W. HECKIVIAN,

ai>nTT*VI VA NT A _ VA.

Spottsvi.'

^ ^« «% #« From prize-wlnnine matings.
C n n O BARREDand WHITE PLYMOUTH
r ll ll .N ROCK. WHITE WYANDOTTE and

L U U U BLACK MINORCA. Reduced
ratesTo secure widest patr.,nage-Sl 00 per 13.
KENTON POULTRY FARM, Qlendale, Md.

EGGS. EGGS.

M. B. Turkey Eggs, bred from 45-lb. torn, bril-
liant plumage. »;-;.00 doz. B. P. Rock and Pekin
Duck Eggs,S1.00per20, S4.00 per 100 Yearling
Male Scotch Collie, trained, 510 00: Pups. S.i.OO.
C. H. BENNETT. Goodman. Va.

EGGS FOR SALE

From purebred S. C. B LEGHORNS,

$1 per 15: So per 100.

MPS. B. D. CHANDLER. R. F. D. . Charlottesville. Va-

344

THE SOUTHERN PLANTER.

[May

I The Southside J

I Manufacturing Co*, i

^ PETERSBURG, VA. A

I AH Kinds of,.. t

Fruit and
Vegetable
Carriers.**

I Send for Catalogue and Prices, t

K>»»»>»»»»>>»»>»}

NOW READY, A VALUABLE
PAMPHLET,

CULTIVATION AND STORING OF
SWEET POTATOES.

This pamphlet, with necessary cuts, gives
plulo directions for constructing a Sweet-
Potato House that, in connection with im-
portant details, will easily Keep sweet-
potatoes in good condition until the new crop
comes in, or longer.

Also some new, well-tested and valuable
plans for bedding and growing sweet-potatoes.

A. F. Funderburk. Dudley, S. C. in speak-
ing of this pamphlet, says: "I would not
take ten times Its cost for It."

The pamphlethas been introduced into
eighteen States and two Territories, and it is
believed tljat the i^lans given will eventually,
to ii grt^at extent. supers<'de the present mode
of growing and storing sweet-potatoes.

The pamphlet also contains a number of
my best agricultural articles. Price of pam-
phlet, postpaid, 50 cents.

I have a few copies of forfula for con-
structing "A .Mothproof Bee Hh'e" that will
be sent, as long ns they last, without extra
charge. Address

BRYAN TYSON, Carthage, N, C,

150 JACKS, JENNETS

V and Mules 150

^^^^^^^^^^ Best assortment I ever owned.
^^^^H^H Can
^^^^^^^H for de.scrlption and price?
^ WAlsowill sell two Percheron

^^I^^^^^J Stullions at close liguree.
BAKER'S JACK FARM. Lawrence. Ind.

FINE JACKS.

Mules are eaual to GOLD DOLLARS,
from "youth to old age." Several nice
ones and 2 very fine Jennets for sale.
Buy Jark now and get him ready for
spring.
Write your wants to

L. L THOMAS.
722 W. Campbell Ave . Roanoke. Va.

E. W. COLE & CO.. Big Clilty, Ky,

Mention the Southern Planter when
corresponding with advertisers.

plants, and each section thus retains
its individuality.

Surrounding the twelve groups of
flowers that open their blossoms on
llie approach of the hour hand of the
beautiful floral time register and com-
pleting the picture, is a circle of grass,
six feet wide, and as smooth as velvet.
The visitor may walk around the clock
on a spacious granitoid promenade,
but a chain encircles the six-foot sward,
and the dreaded sign, "Keep off the
grass," is not in evidence.

The floral clock will be as attractive
an exhibit at night as it is in day.
Among the foliage of the hour numer-
als are 1,000 incandescent electric
lamps, not visible during the day, but
after nightfall, when the electric cur-
rent is turned on, the myriads of lamps
illuminate the entire exhibit, and make
it as light as day, and more beautiful.

The floral clock is the exhibit of the
Johnson Service Company, of Milwau-
kee.

BLOOD MEAL.
Calves scour and die as the result of
incomplete nutrition. Too little pro-
tein has been furnished in the food
of the pregnant dam: hence the foetus
is imperfectly developed. The milk
of a dam so fed is similarly lacking in
this most requisite ingredient. Armour
& Co.'s dried blood meal, advertised
elsewhere in this issue, serves to im-
mediately balance the ration of cows
and calves — of other females and their
offspring — so that these evils do not
occur. It is pure dried powdered blood
of bullocks, and contains 87 per cent,
of digestible protein, besides the other
necessary and valuable constituents of
fresh blood, so that starchy foods may
be easily and cheaply balanced by the
addition of small quantities of this
important product of the packing-
houses. Working animals are strength-
ened and invigorated; young growing
animals fully nurtured, and sick ani-
mals restored to normal weight and
health when fed dried blood meal as an
adjunct to their other foods. It has
a hundred other important uses. Many
of these are set forth simply and truth-
fully in the booklet published by the
Armour Fertilizer Works. Readers of
the Southern Planter should procure a
copy of this booklet, which will be sent
free of charge. Blood meal will keep
poultry healthy and make hens lay.

LORD & THOMAS' NEWSPAPER
DIRECTORY.

The 1903 edition of "The Pocket Di-
rectory of the -American Press," re-
cently issued by Lord & Thomas, Chi-
cago, is of great value to all who are
interested in the subject of newspaper
or magazine advertising. In compact
and convenient form, this little, neat-
ly-bound, handsomely-printed volume,
besides giving the claimed circulation
of all papers in the United States and
Canada, contains a vast amount of de-
tailed information classified and ar-
ranged with admirable skill. It is in-
valuable to general advertisers.

MARKET TOPPERS FOR SALE, LOW.

One thoroughbred Angus cow, unregistered

coming 3 yr».. with heifer caH at foot.
Four three-fourths Angus heifers, two coming

3 yrs,, two coming 4 yrs , bred to reg, Angus

bull.
Four seven-eighths Angus heifers, coming 2

yrs , bred to reg Angus bull.
Three seren-elghlhs Angus heifers, coming

lyr.
Four one-half Angus hellers, coming 1 yr.
One bull calf, out of a thoroughbred Shorthorn

cow, by a reg. Angus bull.
One 9-mos-old reg Angus bull.
One 12-mo80ld reg, Angus heifer.

All of the above cattle are black and as well
polled as a thoroughbred Angus.
One fine reg. Angnsbull calf, 5 mos. old.

Address W, M. W ATKINS & SON,
Cottage Valley Stock Kajm,

Randolph, Charlotte Co., Va.

V.P.I.

Farm Bulletin

Splen.lia ANGUS BULL for sale.
1 year old in April.

We are now booking orders for
Dorset R.^m L.\mbs. No more
Besk.shire Pigs now.

0. 0. NOURSE, Prof, of Agr.
Blacksburg, Va.

ABERDEEN-ANGUS BULLS FOR SALE.

1. Mv Herd Bull. ROCKBRIDGE ADAC-
rOR, No. -,036-1. 3 yrs. old Dec. 2d last; J400.

2. A Bull Calf, born Dec. 20th; sired by 'he
above "Abactor"; dam, "Pride of Potomac";
Ko. 42607; $100.

3. A Bull Calf, born Dec. 12th; slrtd by
the above "Abactor"; dam. a thoroughbred
Angus Cow bn d by the late William A. Ruff,
pure breeding can be shown tor this calf,
but being out of an unrecorded dam he can-
not be registered; $50.

None of thfse will be sold until October,
and should the calves at that tife not prove
to be a;ood spiclniens of the br<ed they wlU
he withdrawn from sale.

B. F. PAY. Glasgow, Va.

MONTKBELI.O UKRD OF

Aberdeen-Angus Cattle.

■J Rci;. Bull (Hives for sale. Ages, », 4 and S
months;

1 Thoroughbred (not entitled to registration),
male, 2 months old.

BERKSHIRE PIGS of Biltmore Strain,

L. H. GRAY, LOCK BOX 58, oniNGE. va.

iyo3.]

THE SOUTHERN PLANTER.

345

lYIEADOWVALE FARM

OFFERS FOR SALE SOME CHOICE
JERSEY and GUERNSEY CATTLE.
BERKSHIRE SWINE, WHITE
WYANDOTTES, BARRED PLY-
MOUTH ROCKS AND WHITE
LEGHORNS.

The cattle oKertd consist ot Young Cows.
Yrarliiis Heifers. Heifer and Bull Calves and
Bulls old enough for service. Berkshires of
all ages and both sexes. The poultry is all
fine breeding stock and healthy.

Meadowvale Farm has won in the past three
years over 6nn First and Special Prizes at the
Leading Fairs and Expositions. Including
New York. Boston, Philadelphia. Hagerstown,
Pan-American and Charleston. For Descrip-
tion. Pedigi-ee and Prices, address

LEWIS E. BENEDICT, Prop. Luthersville, Md,

Swift Creek Stock and Dairy Farm

Has for sale a large num
her of nice voun? regis-
ere.l .\. .1. C C.

FORESTRY PROFITABLE IN THE
SOUTH.

The University of the South, at Sewa-
nee Has Found It So.

What Can Be Done When Forestry Is
Practiced With Lumbering — High
Profits and a Better Forest the Re-
sults.

^Wl JERSEY BULLS
jjimmid m HEIFERS.

None better bred in the South. Combining
closely the most noted and up-to-date blood
in An'-erica. Bulls 10 to 12 months old, $25;
Heifers, same age, $35. POLAND CHINA
PIGS, $5 each. Send check and get what
jou waut.

T. P. BRASWELL. Prop." Battleboro. N. C.

FOR 5ALE

Reg. .A.VRSHIRE BULL, 2 years old in
July, $.-,0.

15 Fresh MILK COWS, singly or the lot.

75 Fine NATIVE EWES, with High-Grade
Dorset Lambs at side. Choice, not less than
VO, or $8 tor the flock.

Will have for sale five or six Selected-
Grade Dorset Buck Lambs and several Regis-
tered Dorset Buck Lambs— all from one ot
the Finest Registered Dorset Bucks In the
country. GEO. R. S. CIINNELL.

Irwin, Va.

ANGUS BULL CALVES

Registtred and unrecorded. Stock Urst-
class and breeding the best.

SHROPSHIRE SHEEP

First-class Yearling Rams, and Ewes of

all ages. Several FINE FARMS for sale.

WARREN RICE, - Winchester, Va.

HAWKSLEY STOCK FARM.

Large ENGLISH BERKSHIRES
B. P. ROCKS FOWLS,

Eggs from same, SI per 13.
J. T. OLIVER, Allen's l.evel. Va.

FOR SilLS.

Large English Berkshire Hogs,
Barred Plymouh Rock Chickens

BEN. BOLT, 60747, 430 lbs. as a yearling at
head of herd. ;f rEGGS IN SEASON.
JOHN P. FOSTER. Nocreek, iihln Co.. Ky.

"WHITE MINORCAS." As layers unsur-
passed. Catalogue explains fully. Eggs
shipped auywhere with good results. They
will please you. F. S. BULLINGTON, Box
P, Richmond, Va.

Ttie direct and immediate advan-
tages of careful lumbering, when com-
bined with the practice of forestry,
have seldom been so forcibly shown as
in the case of the University of the
South, at Sewanee, Tenn., whose tim-
berlands have been managed since 1900
under the direction of the Bureau of
Forestry.

Although 13,000 for all of its timber
was considered a fair offer by the Uni-
versity in 1899, the Bureau, by its plan
of management, has already secured a
net profit for the University of .tS.EOO
Four more years of lumbering remain
to be done, and for three years at least
there is an assured annual profit of
$1,500. In a word, timber formerly
valued at $3,000 will have been made
to yield a profit of over $7,000.

Sewanee is on the top of a spur of
the Cumberland Plateau, and is a noted
I summer resort. Every summer when
the University opens, hundreds of per-
sons from all over the South take cot-
tages in the town to enjoy for the sea-
son the fine climate and the beauties
of the woodland scenery. The work
of the Bureau of Forestry is thus
brought to the attention of a large
number of people, many of them own-
ers of Southern timberlands. who see
for themselves the great practical ad-
vantages of forestry and careful lum-
bering in the suprisingly large profits
and improved appearance of the for-
est.

A detailed account of how the results
in the Sewanee forest have been
achieved has just been published by
the Bureau of Forestry in Bulletin 39,
entitled, "Conservative Lumbering at
Sewanee," by John Foley. The bulletin
does not furnish such specific instruc-
tions for the management of timber-
lands like those at Sewanee that they
can be applied to them without expert
assistance. It illustrates, however,
what may be done with such timber-
lands; and especially does it empha-
size that lumbering and forestry may
be practiced in the South, as elsewhere,
with profit.

SHORTHORN S^.^o'^^'^"

FOR SAI£.

' mos. old

THE POINT OF VIEW.

"Life, however short, is made still
shorter by waste ot time." — Johnson.

Although these words were uttered
by the great scholar and philosopher
more than two hundred years ago, long
before the invention of the reaper, they
come down to us freighted with the
same meaning they had when first
spoken, but from the modern point of
view they perhaps have greater signifi-
cance. They mean more now, because

Close descendants of the World's Fair greatest
winners in 1893, and also up to the present time
wi'EciAL Offer:— A 1-year old Roan Bull Calf at
87.=) if taken soon.

Poland-China Pigs of the best and most fash-
ionable breeding. Spring Pigs now ready
Pedigree furnished with all stock sold. Come
or write.

WM, T. THRASHER, Sprin(twood, Va.

ELLERSLIE FARM l:--
Thoroughbred Horses

AND SHORTHORN CAHLE,

Pnre Southdown Sheep
and Berkshire Pigs.

Fob Sale. R. J. HANCOCK & SON,
Chablottesville, Va.

COOK'SCREEK HERD

Scotch-Topped
Shorthorns^^

Herd Headed by Governor Tvler, 1.58.5 4S.
Young Bulls for sale. Inspection "and corres-
pondence invited.
HEATWOLE & SUTER, Dale Enterprise, Va.

SHORTHORNS

FOR SALE.

The Red and While Hull Calf Westover
138579; Roan Cow Dina, 4 years old, oat
of Red Jacket; also 10 months old Bull, to be
registered if desired. Inspection of stock In-
vited. J. H. BOELTE.Redfield Stock Farm.
News Ferry, Va.

EAST KIVER SIDE

SHORTHORNS

FOR SALE

Two Red Heifer Calves to be
shipped about May Ist.
Address

JAMES F. CLEMMER,

Summerdean, Va.

VIRGINIA VALLEY HERD

Of Registered Shorthorn Cattle.

Choice young bull, cows and heifers bred
Also Poland-China Hogs and Bar-
red Plymouth Rock Chickens.

Prices Re.\sonable.
HENRY BLOSSER, Harrisonburg, Va.

WE WILL EXCHANGE A

Reg. SHORTHORN

(Durham) Bull. 2 years old, well bred, for bull
of same breed to avoid inbreeding. We refer to
former owner, Mr. R. L. Owen, of Lexington,

WANTED— Pair Pure Bred PERCHERON
and CLYDESDALE Brood Mares; DUROC
Bear and Sows; one SHROPSHIRE, SOUTH-
IjOWN and LINCOLN Ram and five Ewes.
Address STOCK, care Southern Planter, with
prices and particulars.

>T REVOLVERS, GUNS, SWORDS.
I Military Goods, NEW and old, auc-

tloned to F. Bannerman, 679 Bowery,

>*■. Y. 15c. Catalogue mailed, 6c.

GOV

346

THE SOUTHEllX F1.AXTKR.

[May

RERKSHIRES

ANNEFIELD HERD

Represents the

Finest Blood Lines

in England or America.

Stock for sale at all times.

Correspondence Solicited.

Inspection Invited.

EDW. G. BUTLER. ftnnelield Farms.

Briggs. Clarke Co.. Va.

We Have Some Choice

BERKSHlih^r.

...BOTH SEXES....
By Highclere Topper of Bilt-
more II, o"' ''^ Harlene, I"'-
ported. Also Two Ke^'istere.I
JERSEY BULL Calves
MINIBORYA FARM. - BOX 901.
RICHMOND, VIRGINIA.

ESSEX PIGS-FOR SALE.

Some fine Pigs, fniiii

KeKistered Stock, nnl

.mated. Ht $10.00 per pair,

ted F. O. B. 8 to 10

c'kso'.d. Your orders

solicited.

L. Q. JONES, Bethania. N. C.

C. Whites. Fill.- lar^-
strains. .Ml a'..'.-s. inaU'
not akin, s ».-.k. pi---^
Bred sows. SiTvi.-cl.oai
ami ronltry. WriU- tor pri
P. F. HAMILTON, c.il.ranv

RED POLL

BULL CALVES FOR SALE.

Keglstered. .Uso DEVONS, "" "Scs.

B. P. JONES. South Montrose, Pa.
WANTED A thoroughbred

RED POLL BULL

Calf. 1 to s monlhs old. lorrt-sponden.i-

soliclted. J. D. JOHNSON. Garland. N C.

COLLIE PUPS!

Lly prize-winning imported sires and trained
dams. Eligible. Fit for bench, ranch or farm.
Price 110, either sex. Also a book on the
care and training of the Collie tor ail practi-
cal USPS. Price, iOc. Copy of book free to
purchaser of Collie.

Slock Farm. •'MAPLEMONT." Albany, Vermont

time is worth more. On tlie farm to-
day one man and a good binder will
accomplish more in a day than a dozen
men cotild do in a week in the olden
time. Thus time has come to be a
very important factor in modern farm
work, and it behooves the farmer to
sttidv his best interests from every
point of view and do the right thing
at the right time, McCormick ma-
chines are great time-savers— they en-
able the farmer to think and plan and
look at things from the correct point
of view.

SUCCESSFUL RIDING CULTIVA-
TORS.
The only way to find out whether a
farm implement will work or not is to
try it in the field under all the various
conditions of soil, climate, crops and
seasons that farmers in various parts
of the country have to contend with.
This is the test that has been applied
during manv years to the line of Iron
Age Riding Cultivators, and they have
come out winners in the trial. To meet
various conditions, they are made with
pivot wheels, with fixed wheels, or
with a combination of the two, and
they are adaptable to all conditions of
soil' or crops, hills or plains, Espe-
ciallv desirable tor cultivating crops
on hillsides or for work among crooked
rows is the Iron Age Pivot Wheel Cul-
tivator, a movement of the foot carry-
ing the whole implement, with its
gangs of teeth, to right or left as de-
sired.

The cut shows one of the popular
Iron Age Riding Cultivators having
pivot wheels: spring pressure lock-
down, to prevent the gangs rising and
slipping over hard places; and lever
gang adjuster, which gives the opera-
Tor immediate control over the width
of his gangs.

Among the attachments for these cul-
tivators are the fallow-tooth attach-
ment, for work in orchards and for pre-
paring land in the fall for sowing
grain: the plows for turning earth
away from the plant, hilling up, and
marking rows: spring hoes, adjustable
in every way: and discs, for working
crops and for exterminating wire-grass,
coffee, etc.

Prices and full descriptions can be
obtained from the Bateman M'f'g Co.,
Box 167, Grenloch, N. J.

A neat Bfnder for your back num-
bers can be had for 25 cents. Address
our Business Office.

"WOODLAND," 239-2569.

Bred hv us. The finest Dorset ram we ever saw.
Isnow"ai the head of our flock with •• WOOD-
LANI'." -Ml-STl." Imp.
J. E. WING & CO., Mechanicsburg, O

WANTED

SHEEP, GOATS, HEREFORD CAHLE

Am cpen to buy 25 to oO Angora Goats,
25 to l'>0 Shropshire or Dorset Sheep.
1 Hereford Bull (yearling), 5 Hereford
Htifers.

Cattle must be registered stock; Sheep and
Cioats r?gistered or high grades.

JO HARDIE.
Brown Summit. N. C.

Hereford Gattle.

A number of vouul' HERE-
FORD Bulls iinii Heifers, not
akin, at reasonable prices,
STONEHURST FRUIT AND STOCK FARM,

Union Mills. Fluvanna Co., Va.

FOR SALE
8Reg. HEREFURDBULLS

I'rom 6 mos. to 3 jts. old.

8 Reg. HEIFERS

From 0 to IS mos. old. At reasonable prices.
HAYFIELOS STOCK FARM. Cockeysville. Md.

Dorsets and Herefords.

1 am now ottering niv line herd bull. ROY
MAY. ,S01S3: am also liookine orders for Dorset
ram lambs,

H. ARWSTRONS. L*NTZ MILLS, V*.

.\ thoroughbred H O LSTEI N - FRESI AN

BULL one year old, eliL'iMe to registration.

For prices, etc.. address

0. R. PETTYJOHN. Mgr. Tate Spring Farm.

Dnchburg. va.

Aryshires, Berkshires and Oxford-Downs.

.\yr.shiri Calves of both se.\es. Berkshire
I'igs and Boar and 2 Oxford- Down Rams for
Si.lc. • .MELROSE C.\STLE FAK.M.

Enos H. Hess, ManaRcr. Casanova. Va.

WANTED

POSITION by Practical Poultry man
to plan and biiiUl a duck and poultry
plant for market, for a man liavinc; loca-
tion an<l capital None other need an-
swer Salary expected until business is
established." No 1 references given and
same re(iuired. Address c. F. G.,

Car.i SOfTHERN" PLANTER-

Mention the Southern Planter in Mention the Southern Planter in
writing, writing.

I'.Mi:;.

THE SOL'THEKX PLAMKR.

34^

SKIM MILK mi EQUAL io NEW MILK

I^TERNATIO^•AI. STOCK FOOD CO. GaRDEM PLAIN, ILL.

Gentlemen:— I have used "Inlernational Slock Food" for three
year sand can recommend it. 1 mixed it in skim milk for calves
and they thrive as well as when fed new milk. II also prevenla
acours. Butchered one of my calves at si.>c months that dressed
I would not lead stock wilhoul using "International
Very truly, T. H. ADAMS.

Slock Food.'

HOW ARE YOUR CALVES?

f-yff« hare thoosands of slmlla

International Stock Food Co. Avon. New York.

Dear Sirs:— I have used "Inlernational Stock Food" quite ex-
tensively. It is the best food I have ever used or knovpn ol for
fattening cattle or milk cows or calves. I do not hesitate to
recommend it very strongly. Yours truly,

CHAS. C. RATHBURN, Veterinary Surgeon.

teitinonlali and will pay yoa $1000 Cash (a prove that thtij are not f;«DaU* and nosolieited.'^ipi

i ONE CEiNT^ea Is Prepared from Roots. Herbs, Seeds
fedtofrtockin tmall amount
Illation so that each animal (
1 Fattening stock. •'InteroalionalStoek Food

d Barks
■ regular feed,
from the grain

) food, and it is proven that the
ingredients that are just as saf
* endorsed by Every Higb-Cla
• " ■■• U sold CD a"!
e your Calves oi
NoChemUtc

otheHu

g tonic, Mustard isc

ts promote health a

ular feed of your

:inal ing
di
i; their digestion

rm Paper. It purifies the blood, stir
Ca«h OnaraDtee" hy Flttj Tbnasand Dealers ti
:9 grow Ama7inKly and has the largest sale
■ate all the Different pondered Roots, Herbs, Bar

Dd Se

n. Wo positively gua:
rses, Cattle. Sheep, Goats, Hogs, Colls, Calv
our Own food at every meal. Saltis a etoiuach tonic and Tvorm
these medicinal ingredients almostwith every mouthful of yooi
"InternatloDal Stock Food'' contains puru vegetable medicinal
keep them in the best possible condition. ^'iDteroaiional Stock Food"
ngtheos the entire svstem so that disease is prevented or cured. "InternatioDal
World. tS^Your Monty will he Promptly Refunded in Any case of failure,
for keeping them healthy. |^~ Beware ofihe many Cheap and Inferior
hat ive use. Any One claiming to do so 31iut be aa Ignoramus or FatsiSer

IMTHRNATIONAL STOCK FOOD CO.,

WHAT PEOPLE SAY ABOUT THIS BOOK.

International Stock Food Co., Odessa, Mo.

Eait Claire. Wis. Dear sirs:— Your "International Stock Book" duly received.

Dear Sirs:— I received your "International Stock Book"^nd and it is the best thing of its class that I have ever seen. There is

W&B more than pleased with it. It is worth more than $10.»to, a volume of use£ul articles in it from start to finish.

me. Very truly yours, RICHARD J. MORRISSEY^ • RespectluUy. GEO. W, NUIX.

A $3000^0 STOOt BOOH FREE

IT CONTAINS 183 LARGE ENGRAVINGS OF HORSES, CATTLE, SHEEP, POULTRY, ETC.

Animals, and also testii

Book la a Beautiful Live Stock Picture ^Printed In Six Brilliant Colon. Size of the book is 6k by 9k inchei. It Post ns CSnOO to haveoar Artiitsand CagTavar*
'ing*. This Book contains a Finely Illustrated Teterinary Department that will Save you Handredn of Dollars. It describes common DiEeasea, and lells how to treat
vei DescriDtioD. History and Illustrations of the Different Breeds of Horses, Cattle. Sheep, Goats, Hops and Poultry. It contains Life Engraving! of many T«ry noted
. The EdUorOf This Paper Will Tell You That You Ought To Have This Stock Book In Your Library For Reference.

^SIO.OO CASH, we will send you, IF BOOK IS NOT AS STATED. •«»
This Book mailed Free, Postage Prepaid. Write Us Today Oetter or postal) and Answer These 2 Questions:

This Paper. 3d.— How Mach Stock Have YouT

r 300 people and ha

TEST

INTERNATIONAL STOCK FOOD CO., Minneapolis, Minn., I S. A.

Food Factory In the Wotld.

iPaid in, 11,000,000.
l^.iAiO Feetof Floor Space.

ENTIRELY
AT OUR RISK

CH.^MPION HARVESTERS.
.\re popular the world around. The
tremendous amount of business being
done by the Champion division of the
Inernational Harvester Company ia
well known. There are sixty branch
houses locatea in the United States, de-
voted exclusively to the demonstration
and sale of the Champion line.

This makes it possible for purchasers
of these machines to examine them and
see them demonstrated at some point
near their home. These branches are
in close communication with all selling
agents throughout their territory, and
it is a simple and easy matter for pur-
chasers to secure repairs or special
parts without sending to the home
plant for them.

This is a special advantage during
the busy season, when the breaking of
a part may mean a great delay, if it Is
necessary to send to Chicago to replace
the part that is broken.

Mention the Southern Planter when
i;orresponding with advertisers.

HILL TOP STOCK FARM.

Berkshire Hogs and South-
Down Sheep

A SfEl'IALTY.

S. Brown Allen, who succeeds H. A S.
Hamilton & Co in the ownership and man-
iigement of this celebrated Stock Farm, offers a few Berkshire Pigs that have
been bred without regard to cost, and ^, a i i r^ i

(ine and two years old, that cannot be OOUlndOWn BUCkS,
excelled in this country. We have swept premiums on this stock over all competi-
tors at Fairs in this and adjoining States S. BROWN ALLEN,

Staunton, Virginia,
(Successor to H. A. S. Hamilton & Co )

'l;ini\^':::f:l;ii^/^

'■ BRED-IN-THE-PVRPLE."

DUNTREATH BERKSHIRES.

EXTBA CHOICE lot of Young Pigs for sale, all eligible tc. registry, and
now ready for .shipment. Many of these Pigs are sired by

BARON SYLMAR OF DUNTREATH.
NONE BETTER IN AMERICA.

DUNTREATH STOCK FARM, Box 666, Richmond, Mc.

Refekence: American National Bank of Ricbmond.

n48

THE SOUTHERN PLANTER

[May

Minneapolis, Minn., April 6, 1903.
Rditor of Southern Planter.

Richmond, Va.:

Dear Sir, — Owing to the great rush
of business, we have been compelled
to put on a night crew and r\in our
factor.v twenty-four hours per day.
This week we have added ten more
typewriters, and this gives us a force
of 130 people, and our office is the
largest in the entire Northwest.

Our sales for 1903 have been much
larger than for the corresponding
months of 1902, and our March sale
was the largest since we have been es-
tablished. We are pleased to report
this condition, because it Is absolute
proof that "International Stock Food"
and our other goods have superior mer-
its, and that farmers and stockmen ob-
tain paying results from their use.

Intelligent farmers will not use any
preparation year after year if they are
not satisfied that it is not a money-
maker for them. Our largest trade
comes from States where "Interna-
tional Stock Food" has been largest on
sale.

Such tacts as we give in this letter
prove conclusively to any fair-minded
man that "International Stock Food"
is exactly as we renresent it to be. Our
object in writing you this 1 etter Is
simply to give you more facts as to the
tremendous growth of our business.

With best wishes, we are,
Very truly yours,
INTERNATIONAL STOCK FOOD CO.

THE VERY BEST

KentuicKy'

Cane Mills

FOR OVER 40 YEARS '"ve been the recog-

in Cane Mill construction. They are imiLitcd,
of course, but they stand alone and supreme in
these essential points:

PERFECTION OF IIECIIIKICAL DETAIL STBENOTII

IN EVERY POINT.— 8AVIN0 iS REPAIRS.— SiaPLlC-
ITV.— COVEKED on CHANNELS IN BOTTOM PLATE.
— PATENT REVERSIBLE FEED OriUE. — ENCASED
VEARIN6S.— DO MOST WORK WPTH LEAST POWER.

th skilled workmanship and practical knowledge of

le Mill and Evaporator Catalog, S-6o.

lOllSVILlE. KY.

SUNNY HOME HERD OF

ABERDEEN-ANGUS CATTLE.

BARON ROSEBOY 57666 (The great Westertown Rose, son of the
world-famous QAY BLACKBIRD) In service.

The Sire Is half the herd. In Baron Roseboy, is combined the typical " dodrty " form with ft
pedigree that cannot be excelled. He Is a brother of the great "day Blackbird" (sold at S3050.>
who heads the largest Angus herd east of the Mississippi, is also brother of ■' Hector of Lakeside "
at the held of the great Pope River herd of Illinois ; is uncle of the " loth Laird of Estill " at the
head of the greatest Angus herd in America.

On dam's side, Baron Roseboy traces direct to the Imp. Blackbird Bull, " BASUTO, " said to b*
the best Blaclcblrd Bull eyer imported.

The females in the herd are " chips oCt the same block ". Great bulls, great cows, mean great
calves. Come and see them, or write

A. L. FRENCH, Proprietor, Fitzgerald, N. C.

Rockingham Co , 24 miles southwest of Danville, Va., on I). & W. Ky.

BLACKLEG-INE,
The season is approaching when
Blaclileg is liltely to brealc out among
your stock, and therefore, the question
arises as to the liest way to avoid the
usual loss from this troublesome dis-
ease. A vast number of stoclt-raisers
in the blackleg districts, can easily
answer this question for themselves,
and will use the Pasteur Vaccine Co.'s
remedies, with which they have had
such a large and favorable experience
during the last eight years. The Pas-
teur Vaccine Co.'s vaccines, and par-
ticularly the form ready for use, called
"Blacklegine." are by far the best and
most favorably known. One of the
most important facts in regard to
"Blacklegine" is that it has not only
proved to be the most effective prevent-
ive remedy for blackleg, but it is ready
for use as supplied; each dose is sepa
rate, it costs but little, and the instru-
ment for applying it. called a Black-
legine Outfit, only costs 50 cents. The
Pasteur Vaccine Co. has offices in New
York. Chicago, Fort Worth, and San
Francisco, as well as several general
agencies, ant" a vast number of local
agencies, biiv if any difficulty is expe-
rienced in obtaining the Pasteur Co.'s
remedies, they can always be ordered
direct from one of their offices.

A neat Binder for your back num-
bers can be had for 25 cents. Address
our Business Office.

{U^tm^^JAAf^

Products are Good

FOR SALE

Choice Bred A. J. C. G. Bull Calves

IKrIte tor descriptive circular. General Offices, 520 & 524 N. Calvert Street, Baltimore, Md.

LARGE YORKSHIRE HOGS.

The Ideal Bacon Breed,

The Pork-Packers Breed,

The Most Prolific Breed,

The Most Profitable Breed.

We have four litters of t'^''* popular breed, which will
be ready for shipment in May. Bred from the best im-
ported stock. We have never seen better pig.s.

Send for circular and prices, Addres.s —

BOWMONT FARMS, Salem, Virginia.

1903. J

THE SOUTHERN PLANTER.

349

POINTS ON CULTIVATION.

The farmer who keeps abreast of the
times — whose farm implements are up-
to-date — is the successful one in the
competition for greater production at
less cost.

In this connection the farmer's at-
tention is called to the new book of
the Hallock Weeder and Cultivator
Company, of York, Pa., manufacturers
of the famous Hallock quadruple cul-
tivator and weeder — the most practi-
cal and profitable machine ever invent-
ed for both weeding and cultivating
all kinds of crops.

In this book is demonstrated the su-
periority of the flat-tooth cultivators
over the round. In words so plain
and illustrations so clear it proves be-
yond a doubt that the Hallock weeder
and cultivator is the greatest labor and
money-saving argicultural Implement
Invented in recent years.

This very interesting and illustrated
booklet, which the manufacturers will
send free to any address, is chock full
of valuable information.

A REMINDER OP HOME.
Mr. John F. Warwick, the American
traveller and writer, states in a recent
article that he had a severe attack of
nostalgia or homesickness during his
recent trip over the Trans-Siberian
railway. He had travelled for days
without seeing a familiar face or hear-
ing a familiar tongue, and his spirits
were at a low ebb. The train having
stopped at a small water-tank station,
with an unpronounceable name, Mr.
Warwick stepped out of his car to get
a breath of fresh air, and in the flield
at the side of the track he saw a sight
that at once dispelled his homesick
feeling. It was Deering Grain Binder,
painted in the American national col-
orss, and at the sight of this reminder
of home and country, Warwick was
himself again, and retained his re-
stored good spirits tor the balance of
the journey.

COCKSURE SCHOOLBOYS.
Here are some samples of what the
British schoolboy can do when he tries
hard:

"John Wesley was a great sea cap-
tain. He beat the Dutch at Waterloo,
and by degrees rose to be Duke of Wel-
lington. He was buried near Nelson.
in the Poets' corner at Westminster
Abbey."

Asked to name six animals peculiar
to the Arctic regions, a boy replied.
"Three bears and three seals."

"The Sublime Porte is a very fine
old wine."

"The possessive case is the case when
somebody has got yours and won't give
It to you."

"The plural of penny is twopence."

"In the sentence, 'I saw the goat
butt the man,' 'butt' is a conjunction,
because it shows the connection be-
tween the goat and the man."

"Mushrooms always grow in damp
places, and so they look like umbrel-
las."

POINT or VILW

LOOKED AT

from every point of view, McCormick mowers
will be found faultless in design, modern in con-
struction and thorough in equipment, with the
most practical features. These mowers are so
perfectly balanced, so easily operated and do such
smooth and even cutting that they instantly
become the favorite of evf.ry man who buys one.

The McCormick hook,

"A MODEL MACHINE,"

tells all about Model mowers.

W. K. BACHE, General Agent for

McCormick Machines, Riciimond, VA.

ANGORA GOATS

550 HEAD of Registered and high-grade
Angora Does and Kids for Sale.

Clean your land of brush and filth and double your money
Invested. I HAVE DONE IT. Come and see for yourself; if

not satisfied, I will pay your R. R. fare and expenses.

See Bulletin No. 27, Bureau Animal Industry, Department
of Agriculture, for information about the Angora.

M. M. SUTHERLAND, Wytheville, Va.

GOOD. GROWTHY POLAND-CHINAS and BERKSHIRES.

THE KIND THAT GET BIG PIGS w

6 Weeks Old Pigs, $5.00. 12 Weeks, $8.00.

WHtTE PLYMOUTH ROCK EGOS; $1 per silting of 15; Birds, $1 each in lots of 3 or more.

WRITE YOUR WANTS.

BYRD BROS. R. F. D. 3, Salisbury, N. C.

350

THE SOUTHERN PLAXTER.

[May

GUARANTEED INCUBATORS.

An incubator is purchased for a spe-
cific purpose — for hatching chicks. If
it doesn't do that, or if it only hatches
a small part of the eggs consigned to
it, it is a failure, and its purchase is
a waste of money.

There is a way now of buying incu-
bators on trial. The Hawkeye Incu-
bators are sold on thirty days' free
trial, long enough to go through with
one complete hatch and enable the pur-
chaser to be sure he is getting what
he wants. The Hawkeye Incubators
and Brooders are all guaranteed, as it
Is the wish of their makers to have
every customer satisfied. They con-
sider that as their best advertisement.

The new Hawkeye Incubator cata-
logue is full of pictures and facts, and
many letters from all over the Union
attesting the excellent hatches these
machines have made.

If any of our readers have not as yet
received this catalogue, they can obtain
one by writing the Hawkeye Incuba-
tor Co., Box 49, Newton, Iowa.

Littleton Female College is prepar-
ing for a great commencement the last
week in May. Bishop A. Coke Smith
will preach the annual sermon. Dr.
C. F. Reid, of Nashville, Tenn., will de-
liver the missionary address, and Gov-
ernor Aycock will deliver the literary
address.

CORN BREEDERS' ASSOCIATION.

I would be glad if you would malie
note of the following item of news in
the columns of your paper, so that
it may pre-empt the ground for our
people and give some publicity to the
or.eanizalion of the association refer
red to:

As a result of the efforts w^hich have
been put forth by the Experiment
Station for two or three years, and
followed up by the work of the State
Department of Farmers' Institutes
during the past winter in holding
special Corn Institutes in different
parts of the State, which were ad-
dressed by Professor Shamel. of Illi-
nois University, there was organized
recently in Frederick the Maryland
State Corn Breeders' Association. The
general objects and plan of the organi-
sation was modelled in the main after
that of the Illinois Corn Breeders' As-
sociation, with such modifications as
seemed necessary to meet the condi-
tions prevailing in Maryland. The
membership includes farmers in Fred-
eric!;, Montgomery, Carroll, Harford
and Prince George's counties. The fol-
lowing officers were elected: Colum-
bus D. Kemp, of Frederick, president;
Joseph T. Hoopes, Bynum, Harford
county, vice-president; Charles C.
Waters, Frederick, secretary-treasurer.
These three members, with W. L,
Amoss, of Benson, Harford county, and
G. A. T. SnouBfer, Adamstown, Frede-
rick county, constitute the Board of
Directors of the association.

H. J. Patteksox, Director.

DRAW CUT

J It from behind
OD for th'i grcdt

cutting power of i!ie Champion, just as It was the reason for the ^eat curtlne power ofthe old rear
cut TiioT/ers. The Champion is front cut, but It is also draw cut, and combines the cutting power
and durability of the old rear cut mowe'-s with the safety and convenience ofthe modern fnmtcuta.
The Champion draws the finger bar entirely —It does not push It In the least, and in this important
particular la not equalled by any other. The Champion has other valuable improvements, amoni?
them a simple and effrctlve linins: device for the fiuger bar, aud a superb pitinau having new
and improved ball and socket connections both to the kaife and to the fly whecL No cramping or
binding is pof^sible with the Champion pitman, while provision Is made for taking up wear and loet
motion, preventing pounding and breakage. The fly wheel pin is at all times surrounded by oil, which
cannot be thrown out and wasted by the revolution of the fly wheel, thus preventing heating and wear
at tills Imponant and iieretofore troublesome point on a mower. Write for catalog '.escribing thl^ won-
derful modern mower, al«o tTlniiipirtn hay rakes ami biuders. Hands i.ne calendar free If requested-
0HA.\imON DIVISION. INTERNATIONAL HARVESTER COMPANY OF AiMERlCA. CHICAGO.

BERKSHIRES.

Imported Sir John Bull, No. 3609— B. H. B.
Imporled Dansfield Roland, No. 60528-B. H. B.
Imported Columbia. No. 60527— B, H. B.
Imported Royal Carlisle, No. 4841— B. H. B.

And that Iinmeu.sely Princely Hog
Uncle Sam, No. 7233 are the sires of my Spring and Summer offerings of
pigs. Does thi,s list of Royalty suit your fancy? They represent the most famous
Berkshire breeders of England. Fancy stock, moderate price

Hunting Dogs '^"J P"ps f'"' s:ile. Setter pups, S5. 00 each.
Short Horn (Durham Cattle) for sale. Write for particulars.

THOS. S. WHITE, Fassifern Stock Farm, Lexington, Va.

We positively guarantee to breed
and ship the \>.KY BK>T strains of
thoroughbred registered LARGE
ENGLISH BERKSHIRE

HogsforLESSMt)^KY tlian any other
firm in the U. S,, the superiority of our
stock considered Send us your order
and we will .satisfy you both in price
and stock. Walter b. Fleming,

Proprietor of the Bridle Creek Stock Fan

Warrenton. N. C.

Chloro-Naphthoieum Dip

A money-maker for ttie live stocli owner, because U kills Lice, and cures Mange, Itcb,
Scabs. Contagrous Abortion and other diseases that pull down tbe health and cause live
stock losses. It saves money and makes money for the it' e stock owner.

A page of this paper couldn't tell tbe whole story. Better send for our free booklet, and
tell us if you want it for 'altle. Uo?s. Sheep I'oultry or Horses.
Agents wanted. THE WEST DISINPfcCTINQ CO., Inc. 30 East SOth St.. New York.

When corresponding with our advertisers always mention the
Bouthem Planter.

1903.] THE SOUTHERI^^ PLANTER. 351

,@0PW Sme I^m 30

AT COOPERSBURG, PJkm

A PLEASED BUYER IS THE BEST ADVERTISE/HENT.

The imported Jersey Cattle sold at our May, 1 '.I02, Auction Sale have given universal satis- r
faction. My most sanguine expectations have b^en more than realized. How could it be othei-- \
wise? Individually, they were strictly FIIlST-C^LxVSS.

BEST OF ALL, they were bred on both dam and sire's side from animals that have made
the Island cattle so famous — the blood that wins at the churn and in the show-ring.

(Jatalogues ready for distribution April 20th. Owing to great cost publishing same, they will
only be sent on application. Address

T. S. COOPER, '"Linden Grove," Coopersburg, Pa.

P. S. — Would respectfully request parties who are in want of an extra fine bull calf, or a few
fine heifer calves, that they send for a catalogue, which will give them full particulars, and if. they
are not able to attend the sale in person, that they send in their bids, and they will receive the same
attention as if the buyer was a bidder himself. It is with pride that we refer to parties that have
entriisted such orders to us. This will be a rare chance to get calves out of the very best cows the
Island can furnish, and sired by prize winning bulls, and they will not cost you more than others
that have no breeding. — T. S. C.

\ BILTMORE FARMS, = Biltmore, N. C. \

\ Headquarters for GOLDEN LAD JERSEYS, \

I Also Get of TREVARTH and GEN. MARIGOLD. ^ .jt ^ *

\ ] k

GOLDEN LAD'S SUCCESSOR. First and sweepstakes over all at the Pan-American Exposition, the fc

^ champion JERSEY BULL OF AMERICA, and out of Golden Ora, our great prize-winning cow, both ^

t^ born and developed on these Farms, is among our service bulls. fe

Kj Biltmore Jerseys are a combination of large and persistent milking qualities with an individuality k

% that wins in the show ring. fc

•^ SPECIALTY. Write for descriptive circular of the best lot of young bull calves ever offered, both for V;

*, breeding and individuality. They are by noted sires and out of large and tested selected dams. Many ^

^ of these calves are fit to show and win in any company. Id

'*> J- J- BILTMORE POULTRY YARDS. j. J^ it

\ ~ ^

SPECIALTY. Write for descriptive circular of eggs from our prize-winning pens. Over 50 yards to select ^

_ from, made up of the winners at the leading shows for the last two seasons. If you want winners you !^

_ must breed from winners. ,

\

^ Headquarters for the best IMPORTED ENGLISH BERKSHIRES. \

, — fc

APPLV TO BILTMORE FARMS, biltmore, n. c. J

352

THE SOUTHERX TLAXTEK.

[Maj

MAGAZINES.
Leading in interest, as well as or-
der, in the May Century is Arthur
Schneider's story of his sixteen
monlhs's close connection with the
Sultan of Morocco. The American ar-
tist was the instructor and daily com-
panion of the Sultan from November,
1900, to March, 1902. an intimacy never
before permitted between an eastern
despot and an American citizen. Mr.
Schneider tells in the May number,
following an introduction by Talcott
Williams, of his arrival and reception
in Morocco, his first meeting with, and
impressions of. the Sultan, and the
often laughable experiences with his
odd pupil. There are plenty of illus-
trations, some of them being reproduc-
tions of the royal student's work.

Henry Loomis Nelson, one of the
best equipped critics of public affairs
in the United Stales, tells in the May
Century of "The Hampered Executive."
Mr. Nelson's article on "The Over-
shadowing Senate" in the February
Century called forth widespread com-
met, editors and public men declaring
it suggestive, interesting and "a most
trenchant arraignment of the growing
despotism of the so-called 'upper
chamber' of Congress." "It is difficult
for the ordinary citizen to under-
stand," writes Mr. Nelson of this im-
portant phase of our national life,
"why the President cannot accomplish
any desire or effect any purpose which
he may feel or upon which he may de-
termine." And from this text Mr. Nel-
son goes on to explain and define the
probabilities and limitations of the
American presidency.

Ray Stannard Baker's Great North-
west series this month takes up "The
Conquest of the Forest" in what one
critic calls his 'crisp and picturesque
way." The story of tlie Great North-
west forest, a Continent long. 200 mites
wide, is as thrilling and fascinating
as any tale of adventure, and Mr.
Baker has been able to transfuse into
a magazine article something of the
spirit of the iiiigbty woods. Other
features of more than ordinary worth
are: William T. Arnold's memories
of his father, the younger Thomas Ar-
nold, father also of Mrs. Humphrey
Ward: the second installment of Her-
man Klein's modern musical celebri-
ties, giving this month delightfully
intimate glimpses of Adelina Patti; a
discussion by Professor Edward L.
Thorndike of Teachers' College. Co-
lumbia University, New York, of "The
Careers of Scholarly Men in America ";
Alice Katharine Fallows's "Athletics
for College Girls"; Mrs. Fields's esti-
mate of Mnie. Blanc, Th. Bentzon; a
description, generously illustrated
from Copley prints, of Sargent's "Re-
demption" in the Boston Public Li-
brary; another chapter of Lillie Ham-
ilton French's "My Old Maid's Cor-
ner"; descriptions and pictures by
Charles R. and Annis Hardcastlc
Knight of the Tasmanian wolf, and an
account of of five hundred farmers'

A Positive Certainty.

WE ask you to take nothing for granted. We say that we
can supply the Spring Suit or Top-Coat with as much
satisfaction to you as any custom tailor in this country.
But there are none of the risks of trying a new tailor. Here are
ours— ready for you to put on. You put them on— see exactly
how they fit. how they look on YOU; that the pattern is becoming.
The making and the details you investigate on the spot. The good
opinion of first impression we guarantee will last as long as the
suit or coat does.

It's no longer a matter of compulsion to go to the tailor.
There's equal satisfaction right, here, with economy of time and
cost on our side.

But the Gans-Rady perfection mustn't be accepted as a pre-
cedent for all ready-for-wear clothing. There's as much differ-
ence in that as there is in custom tailors.

Qans-]^ady Company.

lOOS Mala St (Opposite P. O.) Rlcbwond, Va.

-5' ^

4*

We Have Some EXTRA CHOICE

Berkshire Boar Pigsf

READY FOR SHIPMENT, AND OTHERS
SOON TO BE READY.

THEY ARE FINE, AND FROM PROLIFIC SOWS
7, 9 AND 13 TO LITTER.

X FOREST HOHE FARM,

Purcellville, Va.

:^-44:,fHH^'f4'fc°^''^'^'H^'f^^

HOLSTEINS THAT PAY.

Purchasers are ottered selections from our herd, both male and female;
our cows are of the leading strain, including De Kols, Pauline Pauls
Mechthildes, Henpervelds, Netherlands. Apgies, etc etc. They are aU
well l)red and milking from -10 to 6.i lbs. per day. Herd headed by Ury
ALWINA Count Paul De Kol and De Kol '29 Butter Boy 3rd No. 2.
THOS. FASSITT 4. SONS, Ury Stock Farm, Syfmar, Md.

THE
OAKS"

5HORTHORN5

FOR
SALE

•> Reg Bull Calves; 2 Reg. Cows; 1 three-year-old Reg. Bull (immune) raiset
■iouth of' Petersburg, Va. All right in every particular.

B. B. BUCHANAN, Bedford City. "Va.

When corresponding with our advertisers always mention the
Southern Planter.

1903.]

THE SOUTHE KX PLANTER.

353

successful economic experiments in
Iowa.

Of the fiction of the May Century
perhaps most readers will turn first to
Sara Jeanette Duncan's long short
story, "The Pool in the Desert.'" The
chapters of "The Yellow "Van" continue
in interest, and the Pa Gladden story
of the month tells of "The Drought."
Eden Phillpott's "Joseph" is quaintly
humorous.

The dedication of the St. Louis
world's fair is the occasion of a hril-
liant series of articles in the May Re-
view of Reviews on the Louisiana Pur-
chase and its results, the e.xposition
in forecast and the city of St. Louis.
The same number has an outline of the
plans formed for the municipal expo-
sition to be held at Dresden this sum-
mer, and the noteworthy features of
several other European fairs and con-
gresses are summarized in an article
on the great gatherings of the summer
and autumn at home and abroad. The
character sUetch of the month is by
Mr. W. T. Stead, his subject being the
Right Hon. George Wyndham, whose
name has been immortalized by its
.connection with the Irish land bill in-
troduced last month in the British Par-
liament. An illustrated article by Mr
F. N. Stacy describes the great ships
for the Pacific trade being built at New
London, Conn., for Mr. James J. Hill.
There are several pages of illustrated
notes on the spring fiction and other
new books, and "The Progress of the
World," "Cartoon Comments" and
other editorial departments are mark-
ed by a distinctive freshness and time-
liness.

The May St. Xicholas begins the se-
cond half of Volume XXX. of that
popular magazine for children of all
ages, and seems an especially rich
number. Every lad will turn first
of all to the record of G. W. Orton's
articles on "Training for Interscholas-
tic Athletics," Mr. Orton, who is the
2-mile world's steeplechase champion,
as well as a doctor of philosophy.
treats his subject from the viewpoint
of both the school-boy and the trainer.
He tells young athletes this month
about the broad jump, the high jump,
the pole vault, the hammer throw, how
to train for these events and how to
secure good all-around results. Re-
productions of notably animated pho-
tographs add life and interest to the
sketch.

J. M. Gleeson, who stands at the
head of animal painters of the day,
contributes to the May St, Nicholas for
frontispiece "The Game-Keeper's
Daughter" and a sketch under the
same title. Alice Gertrude Field's
"Remorse Two-Step" is pronounced by
every reader a "rattling good story."
Hannibal, the lion presented to the
New York Zoologicol Park by Mr. An-
drew Carnegie, has been interviewed;
and the interview, together with a
full-page likeness of Hannibal, is a
feature of the number. The story of

A WASHING MACHINE is as great a necessity in the house as a wringer

THE MAJESTIC ROTARY WASHER

has too many good points for explanation in an ad-
vertisement. Your name on a postal card will bring
our booklet, with full particulars of our six diii'erent
machines and how to get them. One of them will
certainlv please you. AH are made with electrically
welded wire lioops sunk in grooves— our patent l^emg
tlielar>;est manufacturer.^ of wooilenwarem the world,
we can make better machines for tlie money than any
one else. If you want a machine that washes, buy
one of ours.

THE RICHMOND CEDAR WORKS, Richmond, Va.

VIROINIA DIVISION.

Farmers Mutual Benefit Association

A Fire Insurance Association, chartered by the State of Virginia, for
farmers, under an amended and well protected plan.

Insures in counties surrounding and accessible to Richmond, against Fire and
Lightning, only country property— no stores or unsafe risks. Policy-holders amply
secured— all legitimate" losses paid. Average cost per year less than other plans,
and a great saving to farmers. Amount of property now insured, §330,000, and in-
creasing vearlv. Estimated security in real and other estate, $7nO,000.

For further information, address, CHAS. N. FRIEND, General Agent.

MENTION THIS JOURNAL. CHBSTtR, VIROISIA-

ASSET''. $9>>O.000'

Virginia Fire and Marine

Insurance Company, of Richmond, Va.

Insures Against Fire and Lightning.

ALL DESCRIITIONa OF PROPERTY IM COLMTKY .*NLi TOWV, PR[V.\TE OR PUBLIC
IKSURED AT FAIR RATE^, O.N' ACCOMMODATING TERMS.

AGENCIES IN EVERY TOWN AND COUNTY.

WM. H. PALMER, President.

W. H. M'CARTHY, Secretary.

354

THE SOUTHEKX PLAISTTER.

[May

"Dick, the Sea Gull," is a true one
vouched for by Captain Edward Fo
garty, of Brenlon's Reef Lightship.

As is fitting in a May number, seve
ral articles deal interestingly with
outdoor topics. Aside from G. W.
Orton's valuable sketch. Allan Leigh
tells of some "Strange Nest-Builders."
John Russell Coryell relates the expe
riences of "The Artist, the Sparrow
and the Boy," and Nature and Science
has valuable information on myste-
rious spring sounds, herring ways
homes under the bark, woodchucks,
meadow lark and other interesting
topics.

Lippincott's Magazine keeps up its
i-eputation for publishing a strong,
bright novel each month by presenting
in the May number one of even more
than usual interest by George Gibbs
This is called "The Love of Monsieur,"
and, as the title implies, it ia Frenchy,
with a hero who is "a damon for suc-
cess with petticoats." Ilis last love is
a fetching conception, well worth the
quarrels she provokes. With Mr.
Gibbs's grace in writing and an extra-
ordinarily fine plot there is left noth-
ing to be desired in this very fasci-
nating tale.

Among the short stories there is one
by Seumas MacManus, called "Caitlin
Dhu." The fight between Irish rivals
Is described in a way which stirs
sporting blood.

Readers have come to look with
eagerness for Ella Middleton Tybout's
darky parable sketches. "Ananias of
Poketown" will not disappoint those
■who seek amusement, and Miss Tybout
has a gift for writing dialect which
makes it as easy to read as rolling off
a log."

"The Sorrow of a Setter," by Cy
Warmau, is a pathetic tale of a hunt-
ing (log's old age, vividly set forth.

Clifford Howard's lively little story
called "The Winning of Margaret Mer-
■?in," tells cleevrly how two men waste
time trying to settle which one shall
have the first chance with the girl
they both love. Meanwhile, the girl
settles it for herself, by marrying the
"dark horse," so to speak.

The name Montgomery B. Corse is
not a familiar one, therefore, his ad-
mirable story called "How Putz Lost
His Job." will attract attention, both
for the way it is done and because of
its timeliness to the labor question.

THE ANNUAL MEETING OF THE
AMERICAN GUERNSEY CAT-
TLE CLUB.
The annual meeting of the Ameri-
can Guernsey Cattle Club will be held
at the F'ifth Avenue Hotel, New York,
on May UUh, at 10; 30 A. M. The year
just clcsing is the twenty-fifth since
the establishment of the register and
organization of the club, and has been
a very successful one for Guernsey
Interests.

William H. Caldwell, Secretary,
Peterboro, N. H.

(egisteieil PEBEFOP CIIITLE.

Service Bulls ; Imported Salisbury 76059 (19083). Lars Jr. 85297.

FOR SALE — A choice lot of bull calves and yearling buUs The bull calves sold recently
weighed 60U lbs. at 6 inos old. Call and make your own selection Prices right.

MURRAY BOOCOCK, Owners, Keswick, Va.

-l"i"i"!"l"I"i"l-H"l-l"I"I M 't I I 1 \-V M-V

x3::e!ise::e^o:es3D c^^^-ttil-ie:

Annefield Nerd Richly bred in " Anxiety " Blood and Headed
by the Sweepstatces Winner at Kansas City 1901,

PRINCE RUPERT No. 79539.

FEE. $25.00 FOR THE SEASON OF 1903.

Correspondence Solicited. Inspection Invited.

ANNEFIELD FARMS, - Briggs, Clarke Co., Va.

..;..:..I.,;..;-;-;-^.K-:":"l":"I-:-:-r-r-!-!-!-l 1 !■' ''11 lMl-l-I-|..|..|-l..t-l..H..tM|..t.t"T..l..M-t.

Bacon Hall Farm.

Hereford REGiSTEREDGattle

"TOP" BREEDING. CALVES NOT AKIN.
MOTTO— Satisfaction or no sale.

E. M. QILLET & SON,

Qlencoe, flaryland.

NOW OFFERS \y FOR SALE

-Calves, entitled to re^lalratioa, 875 to $100

• HROP8HIRE SHEEP.— Burks, one year old »n(i over, $15 to
810 to 812. Ewe Lambs, July delivery, $« and tlO.

Grade Calves by "Sir Ed-
Buck Lambs, July delivery,
Pigs, two or three montbs old. (7.50. Pigs,

M. BRONZE TURKEYS.— Toms.lt. Hens. $3. Eggs, per sitting of 12, vrben In season, $4.

MUSOOVY DUCKS.— Pure White Drakes, $1.26. Pure White Ducks, $l. Pairs, $2.25. Trios, 8S.

BARRED PLYMOUTH ROCKS,

ROUBNGEES E .— Qanders, $2.60. Qease, $2.60. Eggs, per sitting, $3.

WILLIAM L , Jr., No. 21058, balfbrotber of Axtell, will serve a limited number of mares for S25
tbe season. Hares boarded at lowest figures per month.

1903.]

THE SOUTHERN PLANTER.

355

\^-!^^.l\:sd\^X7M:j^{X7Sl;^^t^^.[X:^

CONCENTRATED TOBACCO POWDER,

Sheep Dip and Cattle Wash.

A SURE CURE FOR THE EXTERMINATION OF

SCAB AND TICK IN SHEEP. LICE ON HORSES AND CATTLE.

tlT) LICE ON HOGS. MANGE ON DOGS.

Kills all vermin. Allays all irritation. Promotes growth of wool. Makes animal feel well and take on flesh. 1 1
ABSOLUTELY NON-POISONOUS.
PRICES: 5=lb. bag, 75c.; 10-lb. bag, $1.25; 25=lb. bag, $2 60 : SO-lb. bag, $5.00.

One 50-lb. bag makes 500 gallons Dip for scab, and 1,000 gallons for Tick, etc.

BO SOLE MANUFACTURERS,

LAIDLAW, MACKILL & CO., Limited, Richmond, Va., U. S. A.

To BK IIAi:> AT ALL LEADING DkUC StORES.

I ID P E B 1 1 L mniyiiioiiTii! F fl B Pl

Is now booking orders for Eggs from the best strains and careful matings of

Barred, Buff and White Plymouth Rocks,
Silver=Laced and White Wyandottes,
S. C. B. Leghorns and Mammoth Pekin Ducks,
AT $1.00 PER SITTING.
EGGS FROM BLACK DEVIL PIT GAMES.

Never known to run. The grittiest of all games. $2.00 PER SITTING.

We give 15 Chicken and 13 Duck Eggs lor sitting. Order at once.
Write name and address plainly. Remember the express is no more on 2 or 3 sittings than on i.
Refer to Augusta National Bank and former patrons. Satisfaction guaranteed or money refunded

P. H. HEYDENREICH, - Staunton, Va.

356

THE SOUTHE I J X T LAN TER.

[May

REPORTS.

U.

S. Department of Agriculture.
Washington, D. C. Bureau of
Chemistry. Bulletin 7. A Study
of Cider Making in Prance, Ger-
many and England.

Office of Experiment Stations. Ex-
periment Station Record. Vol.
XIV.. No. VIII.

Office of Experiment Stations.
Bulletin 125. A Digest of Recent
Experiments on Horse Feeding.

Division of Statistics. Bulletin 24.
Relations of Population and Food
Products in United States.

Farmers' Bulletin, No. 165. Silk
worm Culture.

Farmers' Bulletin, No. 166. Cheese
Making on the Farm.

Division of Foreign Markets. Cir-
cular 25. Our Foreign Trade in
Agricultural Products, 1903.

Bureau of Forestry. President
Roosevelt on Forestry and Fores-
ters.
Alabama Experiment Station, Auburn,
Ala. Bulletin 122. Grazing and
Feeding Experiments with Pigs.

Bulletin 124. The Horticultural
Law. Notes on Some of the In-
sects and Fungous Diseases Affect-
ing Horticultural Crops.
Colorado Experiment Station, Fort
Collins, Col. Bulletin 77. Inves-
tigation of the Great Plains. Un-
irrigated Lands of Eastern Colo-
rado.

Bulletin 78. The Tomato Industry
of the Arkansas Valley.

Bulletin 79. Treatment of Stinking
Smut in Wheat.

Bulletin 80. Laying Down of Peach
Trees.

Bulletin 81. Onion Growing.

Press Bulletin. The Prairie-Dog as
a Range Pest.

Press Bulletin. Trials of Maccaroni
Wheat by Dry Farming, 1902.

Press Bulletin. Crops for Unirri-
gated Lands.
Hatch Experiment Station, Amherst,
Mass. Bulletin 87. Cucumbers
Under Glass.
Illinois Experiment Station, Urbana,
111. Bulletin 83. Feeds Supple-
mentary to Corn for Fattening
Steers.

Bulletin 84. Dairy Conditions and
Suggestions for Their Improve-
ment.
Kansas State Board of Agriculture,
Topeka, Kan. Report of the State
Board of Agriculture, Quarter
Ending March, 1903. Railroads
and Agriculture.
Maryland Experiment Station, College
Park. Md. Bulletin 87. The Peri-
odical Cicada, or 17- Year Locust.
Maryland Bureau of Statistics, Balti-
more, Md. Eleventh Annual Re-
port, 1902.
jWinnesota Experiment Station, St.
Anthony Park, Minn. Bulletin 78.
Experiments in Sheep husbandry.

Bulletin 79. Investigation in Milk
Production.

Bulletin 80. Alfalfa— Its Chemical

MRS. LEA'S lYIILK AND BUTTER PURIFIER.

Removes all Weed, Oarllc, Vegetable and Animal Odor and Taint
from the milk and in no vk-ay injures the cow to which it Is fed.

Washington, D. C.
Tlio f.rial of your "Purifier" made at my
rrquest interests me very much and streugth-
ens my conviction that this "Purifier" Is an
article which, if it continues to produce the
results attained the present season. Is des-
tined to be of great importance and value
ill niiiny dairying districts of this country.
KENRY E. ALVORD,
Chief of Dairy Division,
U. S. Department of Agriculture.

Horseshoe, Rapidan, Va.

Gentlemen.— 1 tiihc pie.Tsun- in giving unsolicited testimony to the complete efficiency

your -Puriner." I have given it the severebt possible test on my dairy herd of fifty

ws, in pastures so infested with garlic that hitherto I have had to keep them shut up

a dry lot until June. This spring I have grazed them on garlic day and night, with

I long food, and the milk is absolutelv free Inim any foreign flavor. At the Episco-

1 High School, near Alexandria, Va., the results have been equally satisfactory under

milar circumstances. I, therefore, recommend it without any qualification.

Yours truly,

JOSEPH WILMER.

M'f'd by VIRGINIA CATTLE FOOD COMPANY, Danville, Virginia.

Write us for prices and furtlier information.

Reg. HOLSTEIN-FRIESIAN

CATTLE of the Netherland, De Kol, Clothilde, Pietertje

and Artis families. Heavy milkers aud rich in butter

fat. Stock of all ages for sale.

Ree. BHRKSHIRES ^''°™ noted strains. Imported Headlight, Lord
^* Higbclere and Sunrise.

DORSET SHEEP==

B. PLYMOUTH ROCK CHICKENS,

N. & W. and Southern R. R.

T. O. SANDY, Burkevllle, Va.

xxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxx
X x

K CiSMONT DORSETS S

CISMONT STOCK FARM oflers weU developed young
Dor.sets of the best blood of Eughmd and America.

Prices Reasonable.

G. S. LINDENKOHL, Keswick, Albemarle Co., Va.

XXXXXXXXXXXXX XXXXXXXXXXXX5

30 YEARS SELLING DIRECT

We are the largest manufacturers of vebici
and harness In the world selling
sumers exclusively,
W£ HAV£ NO AGENTS

butshlpBoywhorefor
examioatioQ, puaran*
teeing fisfo delivery.
You are out nothing
if not sfttisBcd. Wo
inakol<l5styleiof Te>
&Qd 6& stylet of

EXEHART OAHRIAOE

1903.]

THE SOUTHERxN PLAXTEK.

i57

Development, Feeding Value and
Digestibility. Digestibility of Hog
Millet.

Nebraska Experiment Station, Lin-
coln, Neb. Bulletin 79. Experi-
ments in Orchard Culture.

New Hampshire Experiment Station,
Durham, N. H. Bulletin 96. Four-
teenth Annual Report.
Bulletin 99. A Selected List of
Vegetables for the Garden.

Ohio Experiment Station, Wooster, O.
Bulletin 138. Experiments with
Oats.
Press Bulletin. The Lime Sulphur
Salt Wash for San Jose Scale.

Virginia State Horticultural Society,
Walter Whateley. Secretary, Cro-
zet, Va. Report for the Year 1902.
This is a valuable report, and
ought to be in the hands of every
orchardist in the State.

Virginia Department of Agriculture,
Richmond, Va. Bulletin, April,
1902. Analyses of Fertilizers.

Virginia (Hampton Institute), Hamp-
ton, Va. Nature Study. Leaflet.
A Child's Garden.
How to Make Friends with the
Birds.

Virginia Weather Service .Richmond,
Va. Report for March, 1903.

Wisconsin Experiment Station, Madi-
son, Wis. Nineteenth Annual Re-
port for Year Ending June, 1902.
Bulletin 97. Licensed Commercial

Feeding Stuffs.
Bulletin 38. On the Prevention of

Oat Stout and Potato Scab.
Bulletin 99. Concentrated Feeding
Stuffs and Fertilizers Licensed for
Sale in Wisconsin, 1903.

Imperial Department of Agriculture
for the West Indies, Barbados, W,
I. Agricultural News.

CATALOGUES.
Virginia Polytechnic Institute, 1902-
1903. The present condition and out-
look at the Virginia Polytechnic In-
stitute and the necessity for the ap-
propriations asked for building and
equipment, and for increase of an-
nuity.

Bird Lawn Stock Farm for the care
of horses. M. S. Bird, Anacostia, D. C.

Laidlaw's Concentrated Tobacco
Powder Sheep Dip. Absolutely non-
poisonous. Laidlaw MacKlll Company
(Limited), Richmond, Va.

White Minorcas. F. S. BuUington,
Richmond, Va.

The Hallock Quadruple Cultivator
and Weeder. The Hallock Weeder and
Cultivator Company, York, Pa.

The Studebaker Sprinkling Wagons.
Studebaker Brothers Manufacturing
Company. South Bend, Ind.

The International Stock Food Com-
pany, Minneapolis, Minn. Owners of
the great pacing stallion, Roy Wilkes,
206Vj. Race history of Roy Wilkes.

ARMOUR'S BLOOD MEALrc'.^r

First proved by the Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station, and sinco

corroborated by thousands of leading stockmen who bave used it without

a single failure. Equally effective for the diarrhea of all animals.

PREVENTS weak bones, paralysis of the bind legs and "thumps"

ia pigs; "big head" of foals; "rickets" of all young animals;

abortion due to incomplete nutrition, and a host of other troubles.

A Potent Food for Work Horses, Dairy Cows, Poultry.

Write us for booklet giving valuable Information about Blood Meal and our
other feeding products. Consult us free of charge regarding stock diseases.

THE ARMOUR FERTILIZER WORKS,
Chicago. Omaha. Baltimore. Atlanta. Jacksonville.

te

III

EGGS FOR HATCHING

From Fowls of High Merit, Fresh, and a Good Hatch
Guaranteed of the following; varieties ; —

PLYMOUTH ROCKS, BROWN LEGHORNS, WHITE

LEGHORNSand PEKIN DUCKS at $1.00 persitting of 15

BRONZE TURKEY EGGS, $3.00 per dozen.

.Tersey and Guernsey Cattle and Berkshire Pifis. Four handsome
Great Danes ami three Fox Terrii-r Puppies.

M. B. ROWE & CO.,

"I

_ I

m

yi/f ^^tCiy^^vr^ ^\v/ vi// ^0 x^f yi* 8>i« \-^e \-^- ^f (

r-i

Fredericksburg, Va.

EASTERN SHORE POULTRY FARM.

S. C. White, Brown and Buff Leghorns.

THE EGG MACHIMES OF POULTHYDOM.

The record at such shows a, Washington, D. C, Philadelpnia and New York

proves the quality of my stock is second to none. I alwav.s breed my winners.

Correspondence cheerfully answered.

A. C. VAN DEMAN, LEanORN specialist, PARKSLEY, VA.

INCUBATORS ON 30 DAYS' TRIAL. THE WORLD'S BEST STANDARD HATCHER.

Thousands of ihese Incubators are in successful
operation in the United States, Canada, South
Africa, New Zealand, Sweden, England. Holland,
and Germany These machines operate to perfec-
tion and always bring off a large brood of strong,
healtbv chicks. Catalogue with full particulars
siting. Thk Staniiard F. C. Incubator Co., Dept. n, Rochester. N.

SLUG SHOT

Kills Insects on flelons, Potatoes,
Cabbage and Flowers.

SOLD BY SEEDSMEN EVERYWHERE.

Used 22 Yeara.
Send for Free Booklet on Bugs and Blights to
B. HAMMOND, FISHKILL-ON.HUDSON, NEW YORK.

iot

THE SOUTHERN PLANTEK.

[May

PROMINENT AGRICULTURISTS TO
ADDRESS THE EAST TENNES-
SEE FARMERS' COKVEN- j
TION.
Satisfactory progress is beijig made
in the preparation of tlie programme
for the East Tennessee Farmers' Con-
vention, to be held in Knoxville, May
21st to 23cl, inclusive. Among those
who have agreed to be present and de
liver addresses are Governor James
B. Frazier on "The Greatest Need of
Tennessee"; Professor Thomas Shaw,
Professor of Animal Husbandry, Uni-
versity of Minnesota, on "Grazing vs.
Stall Feeding" and the 'Practical
Judging of Beef Cattle"; Professor \V.
P. Massey, editor the Practical Farmer,
on "The Cow Pea for Soil Restoration"
and "The Development of Truck
Farming": Hon. W. W. Ogilvie, Com-
missioner of Agriculture, on "What
the State is Doing for the Farmer";
Professor W. J. Spillman, Agrostolo-
gist. United States Department of Ag-
riculture, on "Forage Crops for the
South"; Professor M. O. Eldridge,
United States Department of Agricul-
ture, on "The Construction of Good
Roads"; Professor S. A. Mynders,
Superintendent of Public Instruction,
on "The Rural Schools."

In addition to the abve several mem-
bers of the Tennessee Experiment Sta-
tion staff will deliver addresses cover-
ing specific experiments now in pro-
gress at the station and of general in-
terest to all the people of the Middle
South. More than fifty of the most
progressive farmers of Tennessee will
read papers or lead in discussions.
Those attending can be reasonably
certain of hearing every one of the
gentlemen mentioned, because they
have all signified their intention of be-
ing present. The Farmere' Conven-
tion stands for education, for opportu-
nity and for progress in southern agri-
culture. Do not forget the dates, nor
the fact that the railroads give a
single fare to the meeting. If your
name is not on the mailing list, liindly
send it to the secretary at Knoxville,
and he will gladly furnish you with
a copy of the programme, which will
shortly be issued.

5

MOLES.

About ten years ago I had a beauti-
ful lawn, and it was literally cut up
by moles. 1 offered $50 to any man
who would make a trap that would
catch them. Not getting any relief.
I had a blacksmith make a small
grub-hoe, or mattock. I would look
over my lawn and see where their
work was freshest, and then watch
for them again. After waiting a short
time I would see the earth rising up
in a ridge ,when I would take my
grub-hoe and get immediately in front
of the mole with my face toward him
and my hoe raised, and the instant
he would bunch up the ground I would
strike about four inches behind him
and four or five Inches deep, bear
down, then pull toward me, and pull

FRUITS and
VEGETABLES

ARE LARGELY INCREASED
IN YIELD, AND GREATLY
IMPROVED BY THE USE OF

SPRAY PUMPS.

^ Write for new catalogues and price-lists.

y^ Our pumps are user! by the Virginia and Nortb
r Carolina Agrlculmral Departments.

SYDNOR PUMP AND WELL CO., Inc.,

Box 946, RICHMOND, VIRGINIA.

GASOLINE ENGINES, WIND MILLS, RAMS,

TANKS. WATER SUPPLY CONTRACTORS.

ARTESIAN WELL DRILLERS,

■Ji Jt v^t Ji.jlt.j^ji :< .J^ ..< J*-^ J*,.5t.*tj«jt,>t,.S»,.?t^'t,^,^^^^j(^J«jJ^^jt,^,^jt

RUMSEY=WILUA/nS COMPANY

GASOLINE ENQ1^ES and
GRAIN THRESHERS.

ST. JOHNSVILLE. NEW YORK.

ENGINES AND SEPARATORS

The Farquhur threahing mftchintTyis the perfecle<l product of tlie pioncor nianufnctu
Grain ScpurutorM auilThreiihliiK Eiifflnes. U'm tl.u most durnhle and clK-:i|iesl thresh-
ing ouiiit » r:irmi r i.-aii buy. The Celtrbrated Ajax Tlirc^lilne Knelnen, made in

sizi'i rnini i ii, y. un. tijive 8i;atfl,foot brukes, ami \ ' ' "

R-\U'\y .■i|i;iii,iii.-r. Forquhur Separators ha'
x-.x-o- ..f !■:,[, Mjiv, tlioroughiiess of ficpumtioD, simpUc
diir;ihiiii 1 \.\rT\ i>art thoroughly tesU'd. Made in
1 for frpecatftlocuc of Engiues,

injector

A. B. Farquhar Co., Ltd.
York, Pa.

Whereto Sell Your yyQQ|_

WE ARE THE LEADING DEALERS IN THE WCOL TRADE IN VIRGINIA.

HIGIIKST MAKKKT PRICK PAID, and no Commission, Freiglit,&c.
clmr-ed SACKS FURNISHED FREE. Cliecks remitted promptly.
Coriespond witli u.s wlien ready to sell

THE WALLERSTEIN PRODUCE CO., 19&21 So. lathSt., RICHHOND, Va.

Rkkk.rencks : American National Bank and Richmond merchants generally.

When corresponding with our advertisers always mention the
Southern Planter.

1903.]

THE SOUTHERiV PLANTEE.

359

Big Bargains in Farm Supplies

First Class Material, Merchandise anil Machinery at Sacrifice Prices.

Supplies

; PorccTain Bowl. Har<

Room

_ J. Hardwood Seat i

■ Tank. Nickel Plated flush ■ndaupply
pipes. ^ - *

^acb $10.00.
Cast Iron Bath Tubi.

f-d^ Complete witb
***^ full set nickel
plated fittings, each
Sll.OO. Thevarenew
goods, ask for frcecata-
logucof our fulllioeof plumbing

Steel Roofing

Strictly new. perfect, Semi-
Hardened Steel Sheets,' i feet
wide.6 fe«t long. The beitRtwf-
Inir, SldlnfT or Celling you can

use. We furnish nails tree aod
paint roofing red two sides.
Comeseither flat, corrugated or
"Vcrimprd. Delivered frccof all
all points inU.S. east of t'

:".^ $2.25 PER SI

Prices to other points on appllcatloo.
square means loo square feeL

Barbed and Smooth

WWtre pomt Barbed Wire, pauite.

galvanized, Jilso, 65,000 pounds

also handle other kinds.

Netting]'""'!"?'^.

Telephones at I

y^ZMmVtf antecd to be vn per-

froughi Iron ripe

fectorder before
re able to ol
; for $5.00 that would

full stock of supplies.

'" c couplings at following prices

with threads and

fe^ for

Phone Catalfi!

Cold Water or Ready Mixed Paints

Paints Tt^Bu'^"^^',

Water Paintsand KeadyMiieii Paints. Equal

tityofC

pla.

prices. You can sui

sacrificing quality.

: money, without

FarinForgesSu^OO

"'' bought several car loads of new Portable

ksinith tools of all kinds.
} doz. single bitted axes

■3 Diets Lanterns.

iasoline Engines 70

Headquarters for
■■»ery

hinery sup-

Pumps, Sugar Machinery,

r^hi

funding il^ateriat

\ LUMBER, SASH, DOORS. ETC

"etestockof firs'
laterial of ell
your bill for

lib CARLOADS OF NEW DOORS

] AT j(f , 00 eacA

HARDWARE SUPPLIES
'rite for our catalogue of build-
I hardware. The per cent of

sap FOR CAIjniVG^^ 166

CHICAGO HOUSE WRECKING CO.

WEST 35TH AND IRON STREETS,

CHICAGO.

out a mole every time. I never missed
one during the summer.

Moles have good ears, and when you
start with your hoe, go on tiptoe, or
you may have to wait an hour or two
for them to begin work again. I would
generally push down with my foot
the ground where they worked last
for ten or twelve feet, and then watch
that, for they always go in the same
runaway, and will bunch it up again.
That will be a guide for you. Be sure
that you are square in front of them
■when you strike. C. G. Johnson.

SOIL FOR PLANTS IN POTS.
One of the ever-recurring suestions
that novices in floriculture ask is
about potting soil. In his "Home
Floriculture" Mr. Rexford gives the
following as the best general purpose
soil he has ever used: One part of
ordinary gaiden loam; one part of
turfy matter scraped. from the lower
part of sods, containing all the fine
grass roots possible to secure with it;
one part of well-rotted manure and
sand, half and half. If leaf mold can
be obtained it can be used instead of
the turf scrapings. We hear a great
deal about its superiority over the
other light and spongy soils, but there
Is really but very little difference be-
tween It and turfy soil, since both are
composed largely of vegetable matter.
In one case the leaves decay and fur-
nish food for plant growth, and in the
other the grass roots rot and supply
nutriment. Leaf mold gives more Im-
mediate effects, because it is already
decayed, while turf soil must have
time in which to decay before It is
fully available.

The DeLOACH t^Z

Mills are Sure Winners'

Eight sizes, from Farmers'4 h.p. up to liOu li.p
If Interested, write for large illustrated catalogue of DeLoach Patent Saw Mills to suit any
power from 4 to 21)" h.p; Shingle Mills, Planers, Edgers. Irimmers, Stave and Lath Mills, Bolt-
ers, Corn and Ruhr Mills, Water Wheels, etc. To introduie our New Farmers' Saw Mill, fitted
with DeLoach Patent Variable Friction Feed, we make this special offer:

We will deliver on cars at factory our
No. 0 Pony Farmers' Saw Mill with Duplex
Dogs, Imiiroved H'ad Blmks.and Katch-
et Set Works, cttmplete fts shown in cut,
except it hao Carriage ruarte in two 4 foot
secMons with Rope Dri-e instead of Rack
and Pinion without Saw or Belt, for
$115.00 Spot Cash!
Wiih 36" Solid S.aw, S127,.'i0; 40", S1S2,50

41", 8140,00; 48", 8150.00.
With 36"rn«erted -"aw 8147 50: 40",S152.60;

44", 8160,00; 4b", 8170 00.
Best Rubber Belling, 4-ply, 6", 20 cents
per foot ; 8", 30 cents per foot, net.
No discount from these prices.

Our Warranty : This mill is warranted to be made in a workman-'lke maTiner, of first class
material throughout, end to give perfect Batlsfaction if operated according to our printed in-
structions, which are so simple thai a boy can understand them Any one with ordinary intelli-
gence can set and operate without the assistance of an experienced sawver ; will easily cut 2 000
to 2, ,500 feet of first class board lumber pej day with only 4 h p, ; 3,000 feet with 6 h. p. ; 4,000 teet
with 8 h, p. ; is adapted to any kind or size power up to 15 h, p.

DeLOACH MILL MANUFACTURING CO.. Box 600 Atlanta, Georgia, U. S. A.

The DeLoach is the only mill made that is shipped to all parts of the world. Over 10,000 In use

HEEBNER'S TJr,?::^^ HORSE POWER

and Little Giant Thresher and Cleaner

U«« CatterB, Wood Sa<

iI^hhoThoo,] eqnallj irell. Cbd bo rua bj atekm, nsulloe, or 4aT ott

"en'on'tbo" ofkrt'MouS or m^mnui'" arS^. w'il."i
iifndfor PR£ECnt.ji(»,ui. HEEB\ER & S0,\8. No. 25 I

RESULTS OF COMPULSORY AT-
TENDANCE.
Statistics of juvenile crime in New
York, furnished by the records of the

police department, show that the num-
ber of offences committed by persons
between the ages of 8 and 14 decreased
more than 50 per cent, after the pas-
sage of the compulsory eijucation act.

360

THE SOUTHERN PLAXTEK.

[May

The second annual exhibition of the
Kentucky State Fair will be held at
Owensboro, September 21st to 26th. in-
clusive. Twenty thousand dollars is
offered in premiums, apportioned as
follows:

BEEF CATTLE.

Shorthorns J2,000

Herefords 1,200

Aberdeen Angus 1,000

Polled Durhams 650

Other bieeds 500

D.^IRY CATTLE.

Jerseys 1,000

Horses (including five $200

sweepstake prizes for saddle

and roadster horses ) 4.500

Horses 4,500

(Including five $200 sweepstake
prizes for saddle and roadster horses).

Mules and jack stock 800

Swine (five breeds) 1,200

Sheep (ten breeds) 1,300

Poultry aud Belgian hares 1.000

Farm products, horticulture and

miscellaneous departments . . . 4,000

The Kentucky State Fair, although
in its infancy, is recognized as the
leading Institution of the kind in the
South, and destined to be one of the
greatest in the country.

The initial meeting at Louisville
last year was a great success.

The fair of 1903. with a considerable
increase in premiums and improved I
classification, should exceed in atten-
dance and exhibits the fair of 1902.

For further information in regard |
to the fair write L. S. Shropshire, Sec- 1
retary. Louisville. Ky. |

LIVE STOCK AT THE LOUISIANA
WORLD'S FAIR.

An allotment of something over 30
acres of ground for the live stock
shows at the World's Fair at St. Louis
next year has been asked of the man-
agement by Chief F. D. Coburn, who
has charge of that department.

This site contemplates the erection
of forty-seven buildings. Thirty-nine
of these are planned for stock barns
with 2.400 open stalls 5x10 feet and
400 box stalls 10x10 feet. The 2.800
stalls will accommodate as a minimum
that number of cattle or horses, and
later, simultaneously a like number of
both swine and sheep. Four octagonal
dairy bams will provide 140 open
Btalls aud twentyeight box stalls.

The site desired for the live stock
exhibits is a continuation of "Agricul-
ture Hill," immediately south of the
Agriculture and Horticulture build-
ings, aud would make possible the
grouping all the larger exhibits in
which farmers and stockmen will be
most interested. The live stock area
extends south to the grounds limits,
where it faces one of the main en-
trances.

CHOICE OF WEAPONS.

Judge: You threw a bottle of whis-
key at the plaintiff's head."

Defendant: I always use spiritual
weapons. — J/ay Lippincott's.

Your money back

U you are not satisfied

DO YOU ST7PPOSE that s company with a capital ot tSOO.OOO.oa paid In fvill, and tbe
proud reputation of 36 years of continuous success, would make such an olter and not cany
ft out to the letter?

DO YOU SUPPOSE we would jeopardize our standingr with the public and our chancea
Of still erta'ter success by failing to fulfil any promise we make ?

DO YOU SUPPOSE we would make such an ofler If we did not have the utmost confi-
dence in the satisfying quality of our goods ? •

WE KNOW we can please you and save you money, for HAYNER WHISKEY roes
direct from our distillery to you. with all its orit'inal richness and flavor, carrying a UNITED
STATES REGISTERED DISTILLERS GUARANTEE of PURITY and AGE and saving
you the big profits of the dealers. That's why it's best for medicinal purposes. That's why
It's preferred for other uses. That's why we are resularly supplying over a quarter of a
milliOD satisfied customers. That's why YOU should try it.

Direct from our distillery to YOU

Savss Dealers' Profits I Prevents Adulteration ! ^""^

HAYNER WHISKEY

PURE SEVEN-YEAR.OLD RYE

4 FULL $0:20 EXPRESS
QUARTS O PREPAID

We will send you FOUR FUI,t. QUARTS of HAYNEB'S SEVEN-YEAR-
OLD RYE for t3.ao, and we will pay the express charges. When you receive
the whiskey, try It and If you don't find it all right and as good as vou ever
drank or can buy from any body else at any price, then send It back at our
expense and your 13.20 will be returned to you by next mall. How could
an offer be fairer? We take all the risk and stand all the expense. If
the goods do not please you. Won't you let us send you a trial order? We
Ship in a plain sealed case; no marks to show what's inside.

Orders for Ariz., Cal., CoL, Idaho, Mont. Nev.. N. Mei.. Ore.. Utah. Wash,
or Wvo., must be on the basis of 4 Quarts for S4,00 by Express
Prepaid or SO Quarts for SL6.00 by Freisbt Prepaid.

Write OUT nearest office and do it NOW.

THE HAYNER DISTILLING COMPANY

ATLANTAi 6A. DAYTON, OHIO ST. LOUIS, MO. ST. PAUL. MINN.

1S6 DISTILLSBT, TBOY: O. ESTABUSKED 1866.

CMARTBREO 1870.

Merchants National Bank

OF mCHMOND, VA.

Deslgnnied Depository of ihe United States. City of

Richmond and Commonwealth of Virginia.

Being the Largest Depository for BanVt between Baltimore

and New Orleans, this Bank oflers superior racllliies for

direct and quick eoilectlons.

Capital Stock,
Surplus and Profits,

$200,000.00
$628,000.00

JNO. P.BRANCH,

President.

JNO. K. B1AXCH.

Vice-President.

JOHNF.GiESN,

Cashier.

Directors.— John P. Branch. B. B. Mnnford, Chas. S. Stringfellow, Thos. B. Scott, B. W. Bransh,
Fred W. Scott. Jas H. Dooley, Jno K. Branch, A. S. Buford. Andrew Plzztni, Jr., J. P. Oaorge,
Alex. Hamilton, Sam'IT. Morgan.

When corresponding with our advertisers always mention the
Southern Planter.

I'.tOS.J

THE SOUTHERN PLANTER.

361

^ ^ THE WONDER OF THE 20 CENTURY. ^^

THE ACME CHURN.

MILK /ERATOR and CREAM SEPARATOR.

Guaranteed to make butter from sweet or sour cream in from three to ten
minutes. The uianufacturers ofterSlOO toany one whocan beat this machine
on time, quality and quantity on any given amount of swec^ or sour cream.
Made of the very best materials and is guaranteed.

The number of inquiries received from our iirst Ad., on page 299, April
Planter, shows the great Interest taken in this new invention by the butter
makers of this and adjoining States. It is a new machine, patented and
fully protected : and the greatest labor saver of its kind on the market. It
has but recently been offered to the public, and by merit alone is making a
name and place for itself in enterprising and progressive homes, where it
lightens and lessens the labor of those who need it most.

The cut is the Single Standard, in 3 and 6 gal. sizes. In the Double Stand"
ard, the iron frame is on both sides and across the top, is heavier and
stronger, with an extra wheel at the handle for either hand or light power.
In ti and 10 gal. sizes. You can rely upon what is said about this machine.

Make a note of this and continue to watch .Southern Pl.^nter.
Address THE ACME CHURN, Lock Box 311, Richmond, Virginia.

Our readers will notice the appear-
ance in this issue of the advertisement
of the Studebaker Brothers Manufac-
turing Company, of South Bend, lud.
This great concern, we believe the
largest of its kind in the world, is so
well known as to require no introduc-
tion. Studebaker general repositories
for the proper and convenient distribu-
tion of their products are found in
most large cities, while there is scarce-
ly a hamlet in the country where the
local Studebaker dealer is not found.
There is nothing questionable about
the character of Studebaker goods.
The wagons and vehicles of every
character, and harness for all pur-
poses are standard everywhere. Who-
ever is willing to pay a fair price for
assured high quality is not disap-
pointed in Studebaker's. We unre-
servedly commend the advertisement
to the favorable attention of our sub-
scribers.

Readers of this paper may not be
familiar with the Red Ripper Hay
Fress advertised in this issue by the
Sikes Manufacturing Company, Hele-
na, Ga. The advertisement deserves
attention The Red Ripper claims
strong features where hay balers have
found weakness in other makes. To
instance, the removal of practically all
draft, when the horse is crossing the
connecting beam, in a full circle press,
IS a big item. The statement that
through its clever mechanism the
draft at all times is so light that it
can be operated by one horse, where
other presses require two, well de-
serves consideration. We believe, too,
there Is some reduction from prices
heretofore prevailing. The manufac-
turers maintain distributing houses at
Baltimore. Meruphis and Cincinnati.
See advertisement for home office ad-
dress before writing for catalogue.

A neat Binder tor your back num-
hers can be had for 25 cents. Address
our Business Office.

^ THE >

SEABOARD

AIR LINE RAILWAY

OFFERS

PROFITABLE

INVESTMENTS

T0--

THE MANUFACTURER,
THE STOCK RAISER,
THE DAIRYMAN,
THE FRUIT GROWER,
-m^ THE TRUCKER.

WHERE YOUR LABOR IS NOT IN VAIN.

Would a country where work can be carried on the entire j'ear and where
large profits can be realized interest you?

The SEABOARD Air Line Railway traverses six Southern States and a
region of this character. One two cent stamp will bring handsome illustrated
literature descriptive of the .section.

J, B, WHITE, EDW. W. COST, CHARLES B. RYAN,

Gen. Industrial Agt., Portsmouth, Va. Traffic Mgr. Gen. Pass. Agt., Portsmouth, Va.

WHISKEY

4 full quarts Corn Whiskey 10 years old, J3.50

4 6 " ■' 2,50

4 " " " " PrlTate Stock,

20 years old, for invalids and other

loved ones 6 00

Or will ship the 12 qts. named above for Sll.OO
Plain packages Express paid. Purest
and Best Whiskey, and Oldest House
in America. Established 1768—136 years
ago. Just, as Corn bread is more whole-
some and palatable than Rye bread-
So with the Whiskey— so say all Doctors
— try it and beconvlnced. Nothing on
earth so beneficial to weak lungs as this
mountain beverage.

THE OLD NICK WILLIAHS CO.,
Locl< Box No. II. Williams, N. C.

Mention the Southern Planter when
corresponding with advertisers.

The RICHMOND, FREDERICKSBURG

and POTOMAC R. R.
and WASHINGTON SOUTHERN R'Y

Form the Link connecting the

Atlantic Coast Line R. R.,
Baltimore and Ohio R. R.,
Chesapeake and Ohio R'y,
Pennsylvania R. R.,
Seaboard Air Line R'y
and Southern R'y.

Between all points, via Richmond, Va.

Fast Mail, Passenger and Express Route be-
tween Rirhmood. Fredericksburg, Alexan-
dria, "Washington, Baltimore, Philadelphia,
New York, Boston, Pittsburg, Buffalo and All
Points North, East and West.

I W. P. TAYLOR, Traffic Manager, Richmond, Va.

362

THE SOUTHERN PLAXTEK.

[May

The following lift of papers and periodicals
are the most popular ones In this section.
"We can SAVE YOU MONEY on whatever
Journal you wish.

DAILIES.

Price. With
Alone. Planter.

Times-Dispatch, Rlcbmond, Va J5 00 $5 00

The Popt, Washington, D. C C 00 6 00

The Sun, Baltimore, Md 00 40

News-Leader, Richmond, Va 3 00 3 00

TRI-WEEKLY.

The World (thrlce-a-week), N. Y.... 1 00 1 25

WEEKLIES.

Harper's Weekly 4 00 4 00

Harper's Bazaar 1 00 1 40

Montgomery Advertiser 100 100

Nashville American 50 75

The Baltimore Sun 1 00 1 35

Breeder's Gazette 2 00 175

Hoard s Dairyman 1 00 1 36

Country Gentleman 150 175

Times- Dispatch. Richmond, Va 1 00 1 15

Religious Herald, Richmond, Va 2 00 2 26

Central I'resbyterlan, " " 2 00 2 50

Christian Advocate, " " 1 60 1 75

Turf, Fltld and Farm 4 00 4 00

Spirit of the Times 4 00 4 00

Horseman 3 00 3 00

SEMI-MONTHLIES.

Wool Markets and Sheep 50 75

Dairy and Creamery 50 75

Commercial Poultry 60 75

All three 1 50 1 15

MONTHLIES.

North American Review 6 00 5 00

The Century Magazine 4 00 4 25

St. Nicholas Magazine 3 00 3 26

Llpplncott's Magazine 2 50 2 50

Harper's Magazine 4 00 4 00

Forum Magazine 3 00 3 25

Scrrbner's Magazine 300 325

Prank Leslies Magazine 100 135

Cosmopolitan Magazine 100 135

Everybody's Mi;ga?ine 100 135

Munsey Magazine 100 135

Strand .Magazine 1 25 1 65

McClure's Magazine 100 136

Argosy Magazine 1 00 1 35

Review of Reviews 2 50 2 75

Southern Fruit Grower 50 85

Where you desire to subscribe to two or
more of the publI(;atlons named, you can ar-
rive at the net subscription price by deduct-
ing 50 cents from "our price with the
PLANTER." If you desire to subscribe to
any other publications not listed here, write
us and we will cheerfully quote clubbing or
net subscription rates.

Subscribers whoso time does not expire
until later can take advantage of our club
rates, and have their subscription advanced
one year from date of expiration of their
subscription to either the PLANTER or any
of the other publications mentioned.

Don't hesitate to write us for any Informa-
tion desired; we will cheerfully answer any
correspondence.

We furnish NO SAMPLE COPIES of other
periodicals.

Seed House of the South.

BUCKWHEAT,
OATS and
CANE SEED.

'* Whatsoever One Soweth, That Shall He Reap."

We sell strictly reliable FIELD AND GARDEN SEEDS of every
variety at Lowest Market rates, included in which are

RAGLAND'S PEDIGREE TOBACCO SEEDS.

^ j» ^ WE ALSO SELL

Our Own Brands of Fertilizers

Fop Tobacco, Corn, Wheat, Potatoes, &c.

Pure Raw-Bone Meal, Nova Scotia and Virginia Piaster and
Fertilizing Materials generally.

Parties wishing to purchase will find it to their Interest to price our goods.
Samples sent by mail when desired.

1016 Main Street,
LYNCHBURG, VA.

Wm. A. Miller & Son, ^

W- flt J» />.-■> O. ij£ J^ -> 5- 5» -•>.»*-.».-■» J> 5- J>- ->-> J* -0- •■*■ ."i ^ v» j» ,■> SJ .;> .» S

% Headquarters for

Nursery Stock.

WHOLESALE

and:

RETAIL.

We make a specialty of handling dealers' orders.
lALLlSTOCK ITRUE TO NAME.
Nectarines, Pecans, Ornamental and*",

Chestnuts, Shade Trees,

Walnuts, Evergreens, |

Small Fruits, Roses, Etc.

Cherry,
Quinces,
Almonds,

Apples,
Pears,
Peach,
Plum,
Apricots,
CALIFORNIA PRIVET, lor Hedging.

. . AGENTS WANTED
FRANKLIN DAVIS NURSERY CO.,

WRITE FOR CATALOGUE. 3

Baltimore, Md.

1903.]

THE SOUTHEEN PLANTEK.

363

The Most popular Machines in' use for PeatiUt Picking and Grain Threshing are the

HEEBNER'S,

LITTLE GIANT and

PENNSYLVANIA

Machines, and they have splendid improvements for 1903.
They are built in first-class manner, and are strong and
durable. The ^riceis within the reach of all. We guaran-
tee them to do the work satisfactory. We will mail cata-
logue and testimonials, and quote prices on application.

RUBBER, LEATHER

6ANDY BELTING.
ECLIPSE"

PRICK'S
ENGINES and BOILERS.

ERIE ENGINES and BOILERS.

THE CELEBRATED

CHA5E " SAW MILLS

AND

'DE LOACH" MACHINERY-

This" cut shows our 5 and 7 h. p. "Little
Samson" Vertical, Automatic Engine, for
running threshers, peanut pickers, cutting
feed, sawing wood etc.

Larger size also furnished.

STRATTON &:bRAQG CO.. 20=22 N. Sycamore St., Petersburg, Va.

IMJtoiiStiiir'TiI'VrtBiiilMiftitir 1 1 'frir 1111 mtii

X
X
X

X
X
X

X
X
X
X

X.

How is TourWheat?

OlMp CENT ^^'^^^^^^ ^" ^ postal card and addressed to
==^= THE CARD WELL MACHINE COM-
PANY, Richmond, Virginia, will bring you circulars regarding

Cardwell's Thresher and Cleaner

They arc SIMPLE, DURABLE and EASY TO WORK.
Capacity, 200 to J 000 bushels of wheat per day, according to size
and character of grain.

THE CARDWELL MACHINE CO., '*'":::::zT.,^:zf''-^

X
X
X
X
X
X
X

X

X
X

X
X
X

X

364

THE SOUTH ERX PLAXTER.

[May

"THE EARLY BIRD

^' You Know the Rest

I iiiention this well-known adage, because so many of my customers have
l)roved the old and true saying about the early bird — what he caught. He got the
best, and he got there tirst. Xow, you must do the same thing. You know our
prices all "change without notice" — so send your orders in on time, and you will
get the pick and choice of everything — though we keep nothing but the best. We
buy at the market and sell at the market. Write for prices and I will be delighted
to send them to you as fast as your mail service can carry them. I have at this
writing but 1 don't know how long thev will last :

10,000 Imshels Feed Oats 40

fi,000 bushels Mixed Corn ">0

Both of theiie are big drives, and von shonhl
order at once.

500 kits of Large ]Mackerel, per kit 1 2.5

0,000 busliels Early Rose Potatoes TO

4,000 bnshels Burbank Seed Potatoes T.t

10 large bars Laundrv Soap -^

^ PFAH CAREFULLY TH

,000 lbs. Rook or Lnnq) Salt for stock. Take

1,0UU lbs, and I will make it for 7 50

500 bids. Xortli Carolina Cut Herrings 4 75

500 bbls. Lime, Cement, Plaster, at cost.
Paints, Oils. Xails, and everything that is

needed by a Farmer we keep, and will sell

at actual cost to reduce our stock.
Drop me a line, keep in touch with headqiiar-

ters, and bv doing this vou save money.

E FOLLOWING PRICES^— i^

V^INES, LIQUORS AND CORDIALS.

Gibson's fine old Rye Whiskey, 6
years old — quarts, 75c., or gal-
lon, jugs free I3 00

Bumgardner's fine old Rye

Whiskey. 6 years old. per gal. 2 75
Fine old Anderson County, gal.

(this is 4 years old) 2 00

Clemmer's fine old Rye, three
summers (it is thick and
drinks like nectar), quart... 40
Fulchers old Mountain Dew,

quart ^^

Imported Juniper Gin. For
kidney and kindred troubles it
it gives instant relief, and you

should get a quart — only

34() bottles, quarts, imported

Three Star French Brandy...

McDerniotfs Pure Old Malt

Whiskey, quart 85

Pure old Northampton Apple
Brandy, 7 years old, strictly

choice, gallon 2 00

Old Rye Whiskey, 4 years old.. 2 00
Pure Old Virginia Apple Brandy 2 00
Blackberry Brandy, per gallon. 75

Good Holland Gin 1 50

Uuffys Malt Whiskey 85

FLOUR.

Pillsbury Flour, per bbl 4 90

Pillsbury. per bag 32

Graham Flour, per bag 25

Dunlop Patent Flour, bbl 4 50

Uunlop. per bag 29

Byrd Island Flour, per bbl 4 40

.Terser Lily Flour, per bbl 4 00

45

75

Fine Fairy Flour, per bbl 3 85

Best Family Flour 4 25

SEEDS.
Sapling Clover Seed, per bushel. $7 50

Alfalfa Seed, per bushel 7 40

Alsyke Seed, per bushel 9 50

Timothy Seed, per bushel 2 75

Orchard Grass Seed, per bushel. 2 10
Tall -Meadow Oats, per bushel.. 2 00
White Clover Seed, per bushel.. 13 00
Potato Onion Sets, per bushel . . 2 00
Hlack Spring Oats, per bushel . . 52
Rust Proof Oats, per bushel ... 65

Turt Oats, per bushel 70

Tine Winter Turf Oats (seed) . . 75

Prime Winter Seed Oats 60

1,000 bushels Seed Rye 68

10.000 bushels Choice Seed Potatoes,
all varieties — Early Rose. Burbanks,
Beauty Hebrons. Am prepared to
make very low prices.

1 have everything that is required
by a farmer, from a 1.000 Acre Farm
to a Mouse Trap. Write for my Price-
List that will give you more informa-
tion than a gossiping woman.

SUGAR.

Best American Granulated...

White A Sugar, per lb

Cut Loaf

Powdered

Light-Brown Sugar, 6 lbs....

BACON AND LARD.

Best Sugar-Cured Hams, lb..

California Hams, per lb

43
43
6
6
25

15
lOJ

Breast Bacon, per lb 13

Good Lard 9

Genuine Smithfleld Hams. lb. . . 15

4-lb Can Cottolene 44

Country Cured Bacon Sides. ... 12

10,000 lbs Nice Family Pork 9

FEED.

Oats, per bushel

Shipstuff. per 100 lbs

Brownstuff. per 100 lbs

Good Corn, per bushel

Coarse Meal, per bushel

Best City Meal, per bushel....

Linseed Meal, per 100 lbs

Cottonseed Meal, per 100 lbs. .

510 tons Cottonseed Hulls — an

excellent winter food, cheap

and nutritious — as good as

coarse meal for stock, per 100. 50

70.000 lbs Rock Salt for stock,

per ICO lbs 1 00

5,ooo Bales ot Fine Shucks.

COFFEE, TEA, SOAP, ETC.

.\rbuckle's Green Coffee 11

Best Mocha and Java Coffee,

roasted 18

Fine Gunpowder Tea 40

800 barrels White Oil 12

7 boxes Axle Grease 25

10 Large Cakes Fancy Soap. ... 25
Crystal Washing Soda, light,
smooth and durable — makes

washing easy 30

Washing Powder, 8 for 25

Large Fat Mackerel in nice
buckets or kits, about 15 lbs.. 1 25

D. O'SULLIVAN, IStti and Main and 502 E. Marshall Sts., Richmond. Va.

lOOo.

THE SOUTHERJf PLANTER.

365

C CH>0<>-J<KK><K>0<KK>CK«><H>C><H><>OOOCCH>0<H><^^

WAGONS and BUGGIES

AH of Virginia.

MADE

RIGHT HERE

AT HOME

BY

I The BARBOUR BUGGY CO., 1
I The HUGHES BUGGY CO., [
I The VIRGINIA WAGON CO. j

g These vehicles are guaranteed to be as good as can be bought elsewhere; material and

S workmanship unsurpassed ; all sizes and styles, prices low. We can save you time,

o monev and freight by purchasing our vehicles. Send for our illustrated catalogues.

^ Drop in our warehouse and inspect our stock. Inquiries cheerfully answered.

a AGENTS FOR DEERING MACHINES. 5

§ RICHMOND BUGGY & WAGON CO., 1433 E. Main Street, RICHMOND. VA. |

g J. T. DUNN, Manager. |

Our ''TRUST'' is in the merits of the machines.

Fine as they are, Durable as they have proven,

THE WALTER A. WOOD MOWERS.

Reapers, Hay Rakes and Binders

ran he bought to-day for
less tliaii any otlier ma-
chine on the market.

Don't you believe it? Try us.
We'll astonish you. We've got

Vm whipped to a stand-still.
Everybody after "WOOD" ma- r

rhines this season, and no t-

wonder.

ASHTON STARKE,

RICHMOND, VA.

366

THE SOUTHERN PLAKTEK.

TMav

Seasonable Implements of Latest Patterns.

Established by
GEO. WATT, 1840.

DEERK DISC CULTIVATOR.

THE CALL-WATT CO.,

RICHMOND, VIRGINIA.

•riH- WATT, CROWN and CRESCENT
PLOWS.

10si)P(idll.v adapted to the Coin Grower.
Kiiiially adapted to the Tobacco Planter,
liie Cotton Planter and the Gardener.

DISC HARROWS— All sizes
Independent Flexible Gangs, operated
by one or two lever.<;. No end thrust.

DUST PROOF BEARING BOXES, Flexi
ble Scrapers. Steel Shanks.

All Steel Lever Harrows. Made up of
sections of 25 teeth each. We have the
Contin\ious frame with spring trip, which
relieves all strain on the teeth, or the U
Bar. by means of the lever instantly
changed to a straight or slanting tooth
barrow.

The DEERE SINGLE and DOUBLE
ROW CORN PLANTER.

The Corn Drop works on the "edge
selection" principle. Simple in construc-
tion and next to impossible to get out of
order. These Planters have features not
possessed by any other, and are fully de-
scribed in special circular.

The EMPIRE SINGLE ROW CORN
PLANTER with the celebrated Marks
Force Feed Fertilizer. The lightest Com-
bination Planter made.

The EUREKA CORN PLANTER, Known
so long as to require no special descrip-
tion.

The DEERE DISC CULTIVATOR is
made almost entirely of Steel and Mal-
leable Iron. Light weight and great
strength. High, solid steel arch. Wheels
adjustal)le in width. Pivoted Tongue.
Dust proof bearing boxes. Convertible
into an Eirfit Disc Harrow or a Spring
Tooth Cultivator.

The DEERE RIDING and WALKING
CULTIVATORS. With four or six shovels
or spring teeth. Possesses features not
found in any other.

MANFRED CALL,
Manager.

THE W*TT PLOW.

LEVER HARROW.

DEERE DOUBLE ROW PLANTER.

WALKING CULTIVATOR

Bron Age Cultivators, Iron Age Combined Cultivator and Harrow, Double Shovel

Plows, Feed and Ensilage Cutters, Pea Hullers, Threshers, Engines, Saw

Hills, Grain Drills, (Hoe or Disc.) Farm Wagons. Bugi:ies, Road Carts.

Implements, Machinery and Vehicles for all purposes.

WRITE FOR DESCRIPTIVE CIRCULARS.

;^ett;e'Mairr„?c::; Richmond, va. THE CALL=watt CO.

^P9i^-}

THE SOUTHERAT PLANTER.

mi

LABOR=SAVINQ IMPLEMENTS AND MACHINERY.

r'ADXT DF A ISJTPI?^ '^'"' I'OOSIKK, both sinj;!*- iind iloiible row,
eoraPIantec. L-UKIM rLAl^lCKo. „itb iiHil without fertilizer nttaehment. The

^;i>ANGI-El; lor Corti. Pens iuid So?-irliuni.

CULTIVATORS, ikon agk'cuih-

v:itors ami Horse Hoes. COiNTINENTAL Dist'

Cultivators and Harrows, the best in the world.
Spring tooth attachments for cultivalo '. KODKRICK l.FAN steel lever harrows for
one, two and three horses.

THE SOUTH
BEND CHILLED
PLOWS.

HORSE HOE.

Wood or Steel beam ; all sizes. Guaranteed equal to any made. ■■

THE CELEBRATED

HANCOCK DISC PLOW.

DISC CULTIVATOR. 5i„g,e or Double Di...c. :

DISC H/\RROWS-All Sizes.

SPIKE TOOTH HARROW.

THE OLD RELIABLE

PEERLESS ENGINES

SAW MILLS and
THRESHING MACHINES.

THE FISH. THE WEBER AND THE CHAMPION WAGONS

IN ALL SIZES.

(ieneral agency for the Colunibus Buggy Co., Col-
umbus, Ohio. A. Wrenn & Sons, Norfolk, Va , and
other celebrated makers of vehicles. All grades in
stock.

Harness, Robes and Whips, Pittsburg Perfecl Wire

Fencing, welded by electricity. Circular for the
asking Correspondence solicitec'

THE WATT PLOW CO., U^J .^; ^Sf^'' stSeet' Richmond, Va.

3fi8-

THK SOUTHKUX I'LAXTKil.

[May

Latest Improved FARM IMPLEMENTS.

ANTI-DIRl WrLK PAIL

Only Pail niHilc <liHt prevent.- Din Hnd Hair Iroui
dropping Inlo llic Milk and STKAINs IT TWICK
while milktns:. ApfBic. mi.l (VkiIi. !t.
Eray Firmer asd Datrrman Should Ust it.

Special prices gli en on Studchakerand Brow r

WaKons. BuKKirs and Carts.

Stndabakcr B<ig((le>. all style.*. Studebakci

Carrlaees. Studrbakcr Cartv. Studc-

hakcr Runabouts.

Aspinwail Potato Planter.

AmomHtio, .Accurate and Keiiablo. I'setl by
tiiou^^and? of praclicaJ growers the world over.

Over twenty years on the market. Don't l>e
fooled by imitations ami make-shins but write
for attractive llliislrale"! catalofn^e.

Buckeye Force Pumps. Porce-

lained Wood Pumps. Wood

and Steel Wind Mills.

Frick and Aultman and Taylor

Enjjines, Saw Mills and

Threshers.

'^^^^'-'''^

The
.Celebrated

-■'>'f

'% Plymouth

Twine^.oK

E.-ven, SmootK,
Strong, - Full
LengtK. Every
Ball 'Warrarit-
ti,;.-^*^ v^A. j& j0 ^ ^

T DRAlrtiS THE BRR-

Bement Disc Cultivator, with
6 or 8 Disc.

Built entirely of steel, liteel forglnga and nxal-
leable iron. The most i^ilmple and eaale«^ ad-
justed cutlivator on the market io-d»y. Write
for circulars Hnd testimonials.

fMI WHCEUS tVILL NOT UFT I

<ll.\Mri(>N Mi.w,.'^. i:...i
Hiike* and T«

I THC oMotma

• .enuiue BROWN Walking an<t Kldioi:

I 'iiliivator. .\ll styles. Write for

circular anil prices.

Smiths EUKKKA Com Plnnteis.

IWBMKRS FRIENli I'lain and IVrtiiirer

riaaters.

TIGER Sieel and Wood Self-Muuip
;R.\X<;KR ?:teel an.1 Woo>l Hand-nump

ELI BALING PRESSES.

.V styles and sizes... For hon* or steam i
Write for prices and'catalopues.H

Kemp's Improved Manure Spreader,
Three Sizes.

One and Two-Morse Planter, Plain
or with Fertilizer Attachment.

HENINO & NUGKOLS,

Cahoon Seed Sower.

Michigan Wheelbarrow Sower.

Three Sizes

Superior tirain and Fertilizer

Drills. Hoe and Disc.

" Bement" Improved Duplex
Tooth Weeders.

Write for circulars ;init pricer.

Successors to

CHAS. E. HUNTER,

\m\ \. iin St..

The Southern Planter.

DEVOTED TO

PRACTICAL AND PROGRESSIVE AGRICULTURE, HORTICULTURE,
TRUCKING, LIVE STOCK AND THE FIRESIDE.

Agriculture Is the nursing mother of the Art8.-°XENOPHON.
Tillage and pasturage are the two breasts of the State. =-SULLY.

•64th Year.

Richmond, June, 1903.

No. 6.

Farm Management.

WORK FOR THE MONTH.

At the date of this writing (20th May) tlie con-
trast afforded in the weather, as compared with
that at the time we wrote our article on work for
the mouth for the April issue, is the most
strongly marked we have ever known in so short a
time. Then nearly the whole of the Southern State?
and many of the Eastern and Northern ones, were
suifering from an excess of cold rains, which had
been long continued, and there seemed no immediate
prospect of relief. Now, nearly the whole of the
South and all the Eastern and Northern States, ane'
many of the Middle States, are suffering from
drought, which, in many places, has already done
serious injury. The rains ceased in- the last week ir
April and since May came in we have had dry, cool
weather with decidedly cold nights and a complete
absence of genial, growing weather. Not until the
present week have even the mid-days been warm.
Notwithstanding this ungenial weather, crop condi-
tions in the South are not yet seriously impaired,
but a continuance of the like conditions for another
week will work serious injury. Already in several
of the Northern and New England States damage
has been done which cannot be made good, whatever
the subsequent weather may be.

In oTir April issue we sounded a note of warn-
ing as to the probability of drought following so
long a period of rain, but we did not look for its
setting in so soon. If, however, what we then said
was heeded, many a farmer may already have saved
himself from much loss bv a careful conservation of

tlie moisture in the ground. Where the surface soil
has been kept stirred and loose there is yet a reserve
of moisture in the land which will serve to carry the
crops planted through a further period of dry
weather. Wherever the siirf ace soil has been allowed
to become compacted and hard, moisture has been
rapidly exhausted, and it will require some days of
rain to fit such lands for planting, and the proba-
bility is that the effect of the jjresent drought will
bo seen in the yield of such crops at harvest.

The condition of the wheat crop of the country
still remains a high one, .thought it suffered some
impairment up to Jst of May and no doubt will have
been further injured since that date. On the 1st of
May the average condition throughout the country
was 92. G, against a condition of 9J.3 on 1st of April,
lOOo, and 76.4 on May 1, 1902, and 82.5 the average
of the last ten years. The condition in Virginia
on May 1st was 94; in North Carolina, 75, in South
( arolina, 78, and in Maryland 97. These figures
show but little impairment from the April condition,
and are very high ones for this section, being, in most
cases, in excess of the ten year average. Winter oats
are still looking well in most sections, though be-
iiinning to sufl'er from want of rain. Spring oats
are seriously impaired, and in many sections will be
a failure. This once more emphasizes what we have
so often said, that the spring oat crop is not one for
the South. Grass and clover crops were looking
\ery well up to a week ago, but are now showing the
effects of the drought, and the yield will, no doubt, be

370

THE SOUTHEliX PLA^'TEK.

[June

cut o£E considerably. C'rinifon clover has made a
better crop than usual, and some excellent hay has
been made from it. which will help to make good the
deficiency in red clover and meadow hay.

The work of planting the corn crop will, we are
afraid, occupy the attention of many farmers for
some time yet. The sodden condition of the land up
to the beginning of iMay, and the quick drying of the
fields under the influence of the cold, dry winds of
that month, caused much land to remain unplanted
at the end of the month, and a great deal of that
planted was put into a poor seed bed and will make
slow progress aud require frequent cultivation to
stimulate its growth. Where land is unploughed on
the 1st of May, as is too often the case, the occur-
rence of such a spring as this has been is bound to
cause poor stands of corn. The only remedy for this
is to plough in winter and the first months of the
year whenever the laud can be worked, and then to
fit it for a seed-bed with the disc harrow, roller and
cultivator. Under this system moisture can be ac-
cumulated in the land aud afterwards be conserved
there and the work of fitting the land for the seed
can be much more quickly completed when the time
and season for the work comes round. All haste pos-
sible should now be made in completing planting,
and the work of cultivation should have constant
attention so as to hasten the growth of the crop. In
our last issue we wrote at length on the proper
method of cultivating the crop, and to this we refer
our readers. We will add to what we then said, the
following very valuable advice given by [Mr. Terry
in the Practical Farmer: '

But now let me give you one absolute rule in re-
gard to the use of the cultivator, weeder or harrow
in growing crops. You cannot do this work just
when you have the time and get best results. It will
not do to simply go ovev the gro\xnd so many times
in a season, without regard to when, simply often
enough to keep the weeds down. Let me tell you
about the when, a matter that has literally brought
us thousands of dollars. From start to finish never
let the surface dry up after a rain, or rainy spell,
and remain unbroken. Stir it always as soon as the
land is dry enough to work. If it rains again in
twenty-four hours, no matter, stir it again. If it
does not rain, is all dry and dusty, never mind, stir
again inside of a week any way. although you work
in a cloud of dust. This stirring makes a mulch that
saves water from evaporation — saves it for the crop.
Water cvajiorates rapidly from an unstirred, sur-
face when the sun shines or the wind blows, but
verv slightlv after vou have made the surface fine

aud mellow two inches deep. This is the way to save
water for your crop in a dry time. But keeping
wicds down and saving water is not all one does by
su much work. Xo ! There is much inert plant-food
in the soil. C)rdinary tillage makes a little avail-
able. This extra tillage makes more ready for
plants and you get larger crops. Larger because
you have kept weeds from getting any. Larger be-
cause you have saved water for the crop. Larger be-
cause it has been able to get more to grow on. I hope
you all prepared your giound well and have it well
supplied with vegetable matter, then this extra care
iif crop will pay still better.

The planting of com for filling the silo should
have attention during this month. We wish that
more of our subscribers had silos to fiU. We have
repeatedly urged the building of a silo on every farm
having more than half a dozen head of cattle on the
place. It is the cheapest barn a man can build and
preserves the feed placed in it in a succulent condi-
tion, which makes it always acceptable to the stock,
aud results in great economy in feeding, as the stalks
are softened so that they are readily consumed with
the finer portion of the feed. In our July issue we
will give instructions for the building of a silo, and
hope that many will be induced to try one. Once
used no stock-keeper will ever want to be without one
again. The best crop with which to fill a silo is com
or a mixture of corn and cowpeas or corn and soy
beans. Corn alone makes a silage rich in carbo-
hydrates, but lacking in protein. The addition of
cow peas or soy beans supplies the needed protein,
and makes the feed as taken from the silo nearly a
completely balanced ration. Where corn alone is
grown for filling the silo, or when corn is gro\vn
mixed with peas or soy beans, the crop should be
planted in rows three feet apart and six or eight
inches apart in the row. This admits of cultivating
(he crop and ensures that the stalks shall carry a fair
proportion of ears. The stalks and fodder also be-
come moi-e fully matured and the silage made will be
sweeter and not so watery. We are strongly iu favor
of growing cow peas with the com. Those of our
subscribers who have adopted this plan speak in the
liighest terms of the mixed crop. They get an in-
crease in the yield at practically no cost except that
of the cow-pea seed and get also a much more valu-
able feed. It is true that the increased yield is not
so great as would seem probable generally. L'sually
it amounts to about :25 per cent, in actual weight,
but this gain costs so little and is attended with other
advantages in addition to the improvement of the
feed that render it most advisable. Amongst these

1903.]

THE SOUTHERN PLANTEE.

371

advantages is the economy in land to be got ready for
seeding and of the cultivation of a separate crop,
and also the fact that a silo will hold much more
feed made from a mixed crop than from one of corn
alone. Experiments made at the Delaware Experi-
ment Station show that a circular silo seventeen feet
in diameter filled with settled silage to a depth of
twenty-three feet would hold ninety-two tons of corn
alone or 132 tons of mixed com and peas grown in
the proportion of 75 per cent, of corn and 25 per
cent, of peas, which is about the usual proportionate
weight when grown together. When grown together
the corn should be first planted and at the second
cultivation the peas should be drilled in along side
the corn rows. The best variety of pea to use for
this purpose is the Whippoorwill, as they grow more
compactly in the corn row and do not reach across
to the adjoining rows so as to tether the crop to-
gether and make it difficult to harvest with a ma-
chine. Grown together in this way from twelve to
fifteen tons of silage to the acre may be readily pro-
duced and on good land even twenty tons can be cut.
Where soy beans are used for the protein crop they
may be gro^vn between the corn rows, which should,
in that case, be four feet apart. We prefer, however,
to grow this crop separately and mix with the corn
when filling the silo. They make a better yield in
this way.

The forage crops, about which we wrote fully
in our last issue, and on which subject we say an-
other word in this issue, should be planted during
this month and July. For information as to the
best way in which to plant these crops see our May
issue.

The thinning out and cultivation of the cotton
crop should receive close attention during this
month. The yield of the crop largely depends upon
the early vigorous growth of the plants and this is
very largely influenced by the quickness with which
the crop is brought to a stand and the "repeated cul-
tivation of it.

The planting of the tobacco crop has been much
delayed by the drought of ilay and much of it will
not yet have made a start in growth, even if planted.
Push on the work of planting as quickly as the season
will permit and let cultivation be often and shallow.
When the crop is large enough to top do not top too
high. It is better to have fewer leaves, all fully and
evenly ripened, than a greater number of which part
have to be cut before ripe. An evenly cured crop of

tobacco all of the same color and texture can never
be made out of a crop cut in different stages of
ripening. The growing of this crop ixnder shade is
making progress in the iSTew England cigar-leaf sec-
tions, and to some extent is being tried in the South
on the Havana and Sumatra types, but we have not
heard of its being attempted with the bright and
heavy shipping types. Fine results have been ob-
tained with the types upon which the system has
been tried. The cost is great, however, and seems
likely only to be profitable upon such types as com-
mand high prices. From $600 to $800 per acre is
a large initial cost to be incurred. Look out for the
worms and see that the first brood is closely destroyed,
either by hand picking or by spraying. Spraying
tobacco with Paris green is certain death to the
worms and causes no injury to the tobacco or to the
human consumer of it. We would, however, advise
that no tobacco be sprayed with the Paris green after
it begins to ripen or when getting near that stage, aa
the poison may stain the leaf and thus prejudice the
sale. A mixture of one pound of Paris green to 160
gallons of water will make a solution strong enough
to kill the worms.

The harvesting of the wheat and oat crops will
call for attention before our next issue reaches its
readers. Do not let the grain become over-ripe be-
fore putting in the binder. An over-ripe crop never
makes so good a sample as one cut just before being
dead ripe. The grain is not so bright nor so plump.
Besides this, an over-ripe crop shatters badly in
handling and the yield is thus much reduced. See
that your binder is in good repair and order, and
chat you have a reserve of the principal working
parts on hand, so that in the event of a break yon
will not have to wait until repairs can be had from
the makers or dealers. Many a good crop has been
lost from neglect of this precaution. The careless-
ness with which agricultural machinery is frequently
stored — and too often it is not stored at all — makes
it very necessary that careful examination and clean-
ing of the machines before using should be made.
It is a sad commentary on the farmers' care of his
binder that the Professor of Agi-icultural Mechanics
at the Illinois Agricultural College has stated that
;\s the result of enquiries made in Illinois, he finds
tlie average life of a binder in that State is only four
years and the average time used each year is only six
days, thus making the real working life only twenty-
four days. We are afraid that in this State a not
much better record would be found. For so costly a
machine this is a very expensive life. With care a

372

THE SOUTHERN PLAKTER.

[Juue

binder should last many years more than four. The
scarcity of hands is likely to cause difficulty in hand-
ling the crop in many sections. Obviate this as far
as possible by looking up and hiring the required
hands before the crop is ready for cutting. See that,
if possible, you have at least sufficient experienced
hands to shock the grain as cut. Every sheaf should
be in shock before leaving the field at night — if not
prevented by rain. Sheaves left unshocked soon be-
gin to shatter the grain and lessen the yield. See
that the shocks are well capped, so that rain is kept
out of the center, it is there where the damage
is done in case of rain.

The harvesting of clover and hay crops will also
require attention. Whilst the drought we are having
will, no doubt, somewhat reduce the yield of these
crops, yet the good growth made in March and April
will ensure a fair yield. See that the crops are cut
before the heads are full of seed. The greatest
nutriment is found in clo^'cr and hay when in bloom,
and the greatest weight of produce can also be se-
cured by cutting at that time. After the seed begins
to form the nutritive value decreases and the stall^s
become dry, withered and light. When cut do not
let the crop remain broadcast until all the nature is
dried out of it and the leaves are crisp and shatter-
ing. When well wilted rake up into wind row, and
if not sufficiently dry to make into cock leave in that
condition for a day and then put up into cock to com-
plete the cure. Hay, whether clover or meadow,
should be cured in cock, if the best condition is to
be secured, unless the weather be so hot and windy
as to cure it sufficiently for the barn in a few hours,
which is not often the case. Hay cured in wind row
or cock will keep its fresh, green color and fine smell
and the fine blades and leaves will all be saved.
Kotbing but experience can dictate when hay is suffi-
ciently cured to be safely stored away in a barn ;
but one thing is certain, that nearly all the hay saved
in the South is overdried before being stored. We
would rather err on the side of storing a little too
soon than leave it in the field too long.' If the crop
is free from rain or dew and only has natural
moisture in it, it will, even if carried a little too
soon, cure out in the barn into good hay. It will
heat more and be a browner color, but will smell
well and be'eaten greedily. If, however, it be stored
in the barn with rain or dew upon it it will heat and
spoil and may burn uj) from spontaneous combus-
tion. We have known this to happen and have seen
many stacks and mows almost Ijlack when cut into
after cooling. If the crop is to be stacked out of

doors put up in a large stack, rather than in a num-
ber of small ones. There is much less waste from
wciithcring and ttlie hay will be much better in
(piality.

FORAGE CROPS.

In our last issue we wrote at some length on the
importance of forage crops as adjuncts to the suc-
cessful conduct of every farm, and gave instructions
for the proper production of these crops. The day
has long gone by when the fodder produced by the
corn crop was all that was necessary to carry the
stock of the farm through the winter and when even
much of this was wasted. Now upon nearly every
farm there is need for the production of special
crops for feeding the live stock, and this ought to
l)e the case everywhere. Formerly the price of corn
and wheat was usually at such a level as that the
primary object of farming in the South, or rather
planting, for there was little real farming, was the
production of these crops and tobacco and cotton
as sale crops, and for the feeding of the owner and
Ills hands, and the production of live stock and beef,
mutton and hog meat was a factor regarded as of
but little moment. Now, on the average of years, tbe
only way in which the farm can be run profitably is
by the conversion of all except the wheat, tobacco
and cotton crops into live stock, meat and butter
products. This is as it should be, for no farm can
he maintained in a state of fertility on which the
products are all sold off in their unconverted con-
dition. The use of commercial fertilizers, even in
the enormous quantities which ai-e now the rirle in
tlie South, cannot maintain fertility, much less re-
store to fertility land which in the past has been
farmed in the inanner formerly the rule in the South.
The practice of this system of planting has resulted
in the thousands, yea, millions, of acres of galled
and wasted land, which is a characteristic of the
South. The work of the present and future genera-
tions of southern farmers is, and will have to be, the
restoration of these lands to more than their pres-
tine fertility, and this can only be accomplished by
tlie breeding, rearing and feeding of live stock on
every farm. Without this adjunct the production of
tiie sale crops of tobacco and cotton must diminish
instead of increase, and the wasting of our lands
must continue. It is a fortunate coincidence that
tile time when this change has become imperative is
one in which the value of live stock has reached a
figure seldom touched in the past and when the free
lands of the West have ceased to be a constant menace

1903.]

THE SOUTHERN PLANTER.

373

to the investment of capital in the live stock busi-
ness of the Eastern, Southern and Middle States.
The western man must now pay for the lands on
which his stock graze and thus an equality of con-
ditions has been established in the basic factor of the
problem. The eastern and southern man can now
go into the production of stock with an assurance
that if properly conducted he can compete, with suc-
cess, against the farmer of any other section and
witli some of the factors in the problem notably in
his favor. He is nearer the great centers of popu-
lation and consumption of the best than the pro-
ducers of any other section, and these have enjoyed,
and are likely to continue to enjoy prosperity, so
that they have become capable of taking at a profit
all that can be poured into them from nearby
points. What the southern farmer now needs to do
to ensure a share of this prosperity is to provide an
abundance of feed so that he can keep up a constant
supply of these products. Climatic conditions arc
such in the South that he can produce the feeds called
for to meet the occasion for less than any other sec-
tion of the country. Here he can make two crops in
I he year of these feeds as against the one of less value
as a maker of bone, flesh and meat of the western
and northern man, and he can at the same time re-
store and recuperate the wasted fertility of his
lands. As illustrative of this, articles iu this issue
relate how farmers in two difl'erent sections of this
State have already made and housed one crop of
crimson clover hay after having used the land on
which it was grown for grazing during the winter.
This land can, and will, now go into corn or some
other forage crop, which will make further feed for
the winter and can then be followed by a winter
grazing crop. We desire to see this practice become
the rule, instead of the exception, in the South.
L.Tud which, iu the West and JSTorth has, from
climatic causes, been prevented being put into a sum-
mer crop, must perforce now wait until the fall be-
fore it can be seeded. Here it can be yet put into
crops which will make heavy yields of the most
nutritive feed that can be produced and be improved
in the process for planting in fall crops. We would
strongly urge that advantage should be taken of this
bountiful provision of nature and that not an acre
be left unseeded with some crop. The indications
now are that unless we have rain quickly crops now
seeded are likely to be cut short. This shortage can
easily be made good in the South if proper eifforts
are made. Let cow peas or cow peas and sorghum
or millet be seeded as soon as the land can be got
ready for theia. They can be so^vn with certainty

of maturing sufficiently to make good long feed even
up to the end of July and make a heavy hay crop,
whilst rape, rutabagas and turnips can be sown in
July, August and September for making fall and
winter feed, and crimson clover and vetches can bo
seeded in August, September and October for winter
grazing and spring forage and hay crops. With
such a variety of choice yet available crops there
can be no excuse for any farmer being short of long
feed for a heavy head of live stock during the winter,
and v,'e are satisfied that the live stock to be fed on
these and the grain crops of the fami can be fed
profitably.

ALFALFA.

From the numerous inquiries we receive as to this
crop it is quite apparent that southern farmers do
not intend longer to let the men of the West have a
monopoly of the profits to be made from the use of
this most excellent feed. We have for years en-
deavored to interest southern men in this crop, but
until last year with very indiiferent success. We are
satisfied, not only from our own experience with it,
but from reports from several of our subscribers,
that there is no Reason whatever to doubt its success
on suitable lands in this and the adjoining Southern
States. Within a few miles of this city there are
several large fields of alfalfa which have made excel-
lent crops for several years. The great difficulty
which has to be enco\intered in securing a good
stand of alfalfa in the South is the weedy character
of our lands. Weeds and alfalfa cannot succeed to-
gether. The first thing to be done if alfalfa is to
be attempted is to get rid of the weeds. It will be a
waste of seed and labor to attemj^t to secure a stand
unless this is done. The land best adapted for the
crop is a loam soil inclining to sand or gravel and
with a goodly intermixture of clay. Even on a clay
soil it may succeed, providing the subsoil conditions
are favorable. The most important requisite in the
subsoil is that it should be easily penetrable by the
roots, that it should be deep and that it should be
moist, but at the same time free from stagiiant water
at all seasons of the year. Alfalfa is a deep rooting
plant and to succeed must have opportunity to send
down its roots. Having selected suitable land the
work of killing out the weeds should be imdertaken.
This may be best accomplished by giving the field a
summer fallow. Plough as soon as possible and
harrow finely and thus encourage the sprouting of
the weed seeds. When a growth has been secured
harrow or cultivate on a hot, dry day and kill out the

374

THE SOUTHERN PLANTER.

[June

crop and bring np further seeds to sprotit, which
must be killed in like manner. Continue this work
througli the summer until August, when the land
should be in good order for seeding, and should then
have a dressing of 15 or 20 bushels of lime to the acre.
Some, instead of giving a clean summer fallow, pre-
pare well and then seed heavily with cow peas, which
act as a smothering crop. The peas are cut for bay
and tlien the surface is just lightly stirred, say, for
t^vo or three inches, with a harrow and the alfalfa is
seeded. This plan has succeeded where the land is not
too full of weed seeds. If the land is not in a good
state of fertility it should be helped with 400 or 500
pounds of acid phosphate to the acre and the young
alfalfa be given a top dressing of 100 pounds of
nitrate of soda to the acre in the spring following
seeding when growth is just starting. After a good
stand is secured top dressing with farm-yard manure
in the fall and winter will be found excellent to
maintain the stand, or bone meal may be used for
this ptirpose. The best time to seed the crop is in
August or September in all the southern country
east of the Blue Ridge and south of the Potomac.
West and north of these limits it should be seeded in
March or April. The seed — twenty-five pounds to
the acre — should be sown broadcast, half being sown
one way and the other half across. Cover with a
light harrow and roll. The first year no crop should
l)e taken from it, but it should be cut over with the
mower two or three times during the summer, just
clipping off the tops of the plants and leaving the
cuttings as a mulch. In the second year it may be
cut two or three times, according to growth, each cut-
ting being made when the plants are coming into
l)loom. Treated in this way the crop should stand
for from seven to ten years, yielding each year two
or three heavy crops. It may be grazed with sheep,
hogs or young cattle if desired, but is liable to cause
bloat in cows and sheep. Its great value is as a hay
crop, of which it makes one of the richest known
and the heaviest yield.

"WORNOUT LANDS."

L'Jilor Soiilhern Planter:

I should like to give my experience with a piece
of so-called "wornout land," and if any subscribers
ha\e any such land and will work it as I did they
will find that it only wants to be cultivated well and
be fed a little by sowing some leguminous crop and
ploughing it in the ground to become fertile again.

T purchased a tract of land in the spring of 1903,

and at that time it was all grown up in small pines,
sassafras bushes and other shrubs. I cut the pines
down and grubbed the hardwood bushes out and
burned the broomsedge off. Had it not been so late
in the spring I should have ploughed the broomsedge
down, but at that time it wotild not have had suffi-
cient time to rot before I put the crop in.

After I had the land all clean I ploughed it from
ten to twelve inches deep with a good two-horse plow.
I finished ploughing about the middle of April and
then let it lay until the 10th of May, so that it was
well settled. I then ran the disc harrow over it both
ways, which thoroughly cut the sod ; then I dragged
it level and was ready to plant my corn, and this I
did about the 20th of May. I did not have any stable
manure to put on it and I did not use any chemical
fertilizer, for I do not think it pays o« corn.

Some of my neighbors laughed at me and said I
was throwing my work away, but I decided to give it
a fair trial anyhow. I worked the corn well and I
liad a better crop even than I expected, which proves
lb at all the so-called "wornout land" is not as bad as
it is made out to be.

But Avhen land is only half ploughed and is
crojiped year after year and nothing put on it, one
cannot expect much. Land to produce good crops
must be fed occasionally, and the best and cheapest
way is with legumes and plenty of manure. Chemi-
cal fertilizers alone will not tend to improve land
much, for land to become fertile must have plenty of
humus in it, and this chemical fertilizers will not sup-
ply. This keeps the land open, prevents it from bak
ing and makes it resist drought much better. When
land is de^'oid of htimus a good way to begin — if one
wants to improve it — would be to sow it down in
peas. Plough the land deep and harrow it well ; sow
about a bushel of peas per acre broadcast and if a
heavy growth of vines is desired apply about 300
pounds of acid phosphate per acre. It is best not
to plough the peas under until they are dry. If they
are ploughed under in a green state use a dressing of
lime. Crimson clover is also a very good crop to
turn under as an improver. Now is a good time to
lay the foundation for a good corn crop next year.
The land that is not being cropped this year and is
to be planted in corn next, should be sown in peas.
This can be done as late as the middle of June and
these can be turned under the latter pari: of Sep-
tember and the same land sown in crimson clover,
which can be cut for hay about the 10th of May and
the land be planted in corn by the last of the month.
Plough the land deep, harrow it until it is in good
order, then harrow it again, to be sure it is all right.

THE SOUTHERN PLANTER.

19030

for land cannot be put in too good order. This pro-
cess will invariably insure a good crop of corn, and
if it were kept up many of the farmers who have
plenty of laud, but think it is too poor to work, would
not have to take money out of their pockets — which
they hn\e worked hard to get — and buy feed for their
stock every spring. H. J. Rosbach.

Ilannver Qownty, Va.

375

HINTS ON THE CULTIVATION OF CORN.

(A pajier read before the Farmers' Club of Glouces-
ter county, Va.)

The man who expects success as a corn raiser
should begin to plan his crop long before the plant-
ing season arrives — the longer before the better.

The farmer who selects his field at haphazard
about the 1st of March, and only allows himself two
or three months to prepare for his crop, is in the
class with the man who tries to fatten poor cattle
in six weeks.

Stock men and crop farmers practice different
methods of rotation, etc., so that the best mode of
culture for corn will depend upon which of these two
classes the farmer belongs to.

Generally speaking, the stock farmer will find it
most profitable to use an old pasture field for corn.
If he has fed such concentrates as oil meal, cotton-
seed meal, etc., in connection with the pasture and
top dressed the sod with barn-yard manure during
the feeding season, he is pursuing an ideal method
for raising heavy crops of corn and maintaining or
increasing fertility of soil.

The cropper is a man with intensive methods. His
favorite mode of preparing land for corn is to take
it through a course of improving legumes, such as
cow peas, Soja (soy) beans and the clovers, often
depending upon commercial fertilizers to assist these
nitrogen-gathering plants in their work of soil im-
provement.

If you want to raise corn with success and profit
take at least two years in which to build up the fer-
tility of the land where the corn is to be raised.

A combination of cow peas or Soja beans and
crimson clover or rye with plenty of ploughing, har-
rowing and fining of the soil will always jsay big re-
turns, both in a corn crop and in permanent benefit
to the soil.

In o\w section, where the great Bermuda grass is
king, I have always practiced deep cultivation of
corn, but only- — and this is all important — while the
corn is a small plant with little root development.
As soon as corn is up so that the row can be followed

I use a double worker cultivator with four shovels,
each six inches wide and thirteen inches long. With
this implement I give the corn two deep, thorough
workings in quick succession, tearing up Bermuda
root and branch. After this I use an "Iron Age"
cultivator with small teeth, keeping the surface of
the ground as thoroughly stirred as possible as long
as corn can be worked.

Now, a word about seed corn : Every farmer who
gets hold of a heavy-yielding variety of corn that
suits his soil and is satisfactory for feeding or sale,
should hold on to it, raise his own seed and try to
improve it, rather than to be constantly trying new
varieties of seed, some of which are sure to be
failures.

Seed corn should be raised on a plot of select land
far enough away from any other corn to pre^-ent
mixing.

It should be planted in cheeks four feet each way
and be carefully thinned to two stalks per hill.
After the corn tassels it should be thinned a second
time, all stalks that are barren or of inferior growth
being cut out.

There can be no doubt to a logical mind that
barren and inferior stalks, in fertilizing healthy and
prolific stalks, injure the quality of the ear which
they bear.

If seed corn be carefully selected and bred in this
manner, put on rich, kind soil and carefully culti-
vated, it is sure to iiuprove from year to year.

Gloucester county, Va. N. S. Hopkins.

SORGHUM AS A DRY-WEATHER CROP.

Editor Sontheni Planter:

We are having the dryest time now I have seen for
a long time. It has not rained since the night of
the 3d of this month (May). During the winter and
spring we had so much rain that the groimd became
thoroughly packed, and all lands anyway stiff are
very hard and dry. We cannot jilough at all, and
many farmers have planted but little corn and the
ground is so hard that they cannot now plough at
all, consequently the time for making corn and
forage is going to be very short. The spring oat
crop must be a failure, which will cut us off again
in forage. We will have to look around for some
means to meet the coming demand for feed. I don't
know of a more reliable crop for that purpose than
sorghum if it rains enough to allow j^loughing in the
next thirty days. Bj- planting and sowing a good
lot of sorghum we may meet the demand, for it will
stand more dry weather than corn and makes a better

376

THE SOUTHERiX PLAKTER.

[Juue

class of forage. I have fed on it all winter and am
yet feeding it and my horses are looking very well.
It makes at least twice as much per acre as corn
fodder. If you sow it and peas together — one bushel
each per acre — it makes most excellent hay.
Henrico county, Va. Country.

'TIGS IN THE PEANUT PATCHES'— CRIMSON
CLOVER.

Editor Southern Planter:

We have often heard of "pigs in clover," but down
here in Eastern Virginia we find '"pigs in peanut
patches'' in the fall of the year. The peanut is
planted in May and ploughed oiit in October and
November, before the frost has cut the vines.

In digging it is expected that from 2 to 5 per
cent., or even more, of the nuts are broken off the
vines and remain in the ground.

The i)ig, who is as fond of peanuts as the small
boy, industriously roots the ground all over for the
scattered nuts and rapidly fattens on this oily food.

If killed when he comes off from the peanut patch
the meat is soft and oily, and has a "peauutty"' flavor
to it, which is obviated by feeding corn a few days
prior to killing. If allowed to run in the peanut
field from the 1st of JSTovember to the middle of De-
cember and then fed corn for a few days the pigs are
in fine shape to kill, and such meat so made or fat-
tened, is much more palatable and much healthier
then the thicker, fatter, hotter, corn-fed pork of the
West.

The thrifty farmer can sow a few acres in crimson
clover in August, September or October and turn his
pigs on the same and let them gi-aze until the middle
of April following, putting rings in their noses to
keep them from rooting out the clover. Taking them
off about the middle of April, the clover springs up
and grows rapidly, and in twenty-five to thirty days
thereafter he can plough the clover under and plant
peanuts, or corn, or sweet-potatoes on the same land
the same season.

I recently visited a farmer— on the 12th day of
May. On the 20th day of April preceding he had
taken the pigs off from the crimson clover, which
was then twenty inches tall and in full bloom — grow-
ing twenty inches in twenty-two days.

This farmer saves a little strip of his crimson
clover to ripen fully and then pounds out the seed
for the ensuing crop and sows it, chaff and all, thus
securing his clover seed at practically no cost at all ;
and in sowing it with the chaff he "secures a better

and a more even stand than when he uses the cleaned
seed from the store at $3 or $4 per bushel.

Ploughing under the bulk of the crimson clover
crop in May he plants the land to peanuts, so that
between the four and one-half months winter grazing
on the clover and the six weeks fattening on the pea-
nut crop, the pigs make good use of the land, while
the owner gets a profitable crop of peanuts.

With such opportunities here, and such advantages
in the way of raising and fattening pigs, it hardly
seems necessary for this seaport to call upon the
great West for at least 10,000,000 pounds of pork
per year.

It is not only possible, but entirely practicable and
feasible, to make pork here cheaper than at the West.
It will not only be cheaper, but it will be healthier.

y^e would like to see pigs in every peanut patch
and in every clover patch in Eastern Virginia.

Norfolk, Va. A. Jeffees.

FERTILIZERS IN A DRY SEASON. 1

Editor Southern Planter:

It is sometimes claimed that dry weather is fatal
to fertilizers — that is, that fertilizers will show an
effect only in good seasons. There is no foundation,
in fact, for this idea. As a rule, fertilizers are not
used intelligently. The special plant-food needs of
the crop are not considered, and in a dry, unfavor-
able season the foraging power of a plant is greatly
lessened, so that it is nearly impossible for it to make
good any plant-food deficiencies in the fertilizer by
searching the soil for same.

]\IaTly experiments have been made, showing the
effect of a well-balanced plant-food mixture imder
conditions of severe drought, one of which we give
here somewhat in detail. This experiment — on
corn — was made by Mr. Charles H. Rogers, of Col-
leen, ISTelson county, Va. The soil was thin, worn
and sandy and with a red clay subsoil. Under best
conditions no very heavy crop could be expected
from such soil with such improvement as one year's
thorough treatment could effect. The drought, set-
ling in early in June, was so severe that the stalks
of the crop were practically valueless as fodder,
while the yield from the unfertilized soil was prac-
tically nothing, being five bushels to the acre only.

The experiment was made with three plots, one
of which Avas iinfertilized. Plot 2 was treated with
xhe equivalent of 1,000 pounds per acre of a ferti-
lizer testing 4 per cent, ammonia, 8 per cent, avail-
able phosphoric acid and 6 per cent potash — a for-
mula particularly suitable to com on light soils.

1903.]

THE SOUTHEKN PLANTER.

37 7

Air. Rogers reports that the effect of the fertilizers
was noticed from the start, but was materially
checked by the drought. A third plot was planted,
receiving the same amount of phosphoric acid and
ammonia as Plot 2, but no potash, which was left
out from the fertilizer in order to show what potash
would produce if added to the mixture, as in Plot 2.

The results in gTain showed Plot 2 to have pro-
duced an increase of twenty bushels to the acre and
Plot 3 an increase of ten bushels. This settles the
question of the crop-making power of fertilizers in
bad seasons. It also throws considerable light \ipon
the quality of effective fertilizers for grain crops on
thin, worn soils. By omitting potash from the fer-
tilizer the yield was reduced nearly one-half, and
this under most unfavorable conditions.

Moore county, JV. C. Bryan Tysox.

BERMUDA GRASS.

Editor Southern Planter:

In the May issue of the Planter there appeared
an article from J. S. N'ewman, South Carolina. He
seems to favor propagating Bernuida grass. For
my part I want none of it. It may be all right to
plant Bermuda if no other crop is desired on the
same farm, or adjoining farms. I had rather buy a
farm matted all over with wire than one well set to
Bermuda.

I suppose his way of propag'atiou is good, except
after it gets a start it would be an advantage to
l)lough in deep with a turn plow everv spring, as
the more it is ploughed the better it grows. In this
part of the country it pays a farmer to stop and up-
root a piece of "wire grass," no matter how great his
hurry. Tkugker.

Hanover county, Va.

We fulh' realize the objection of a "Trucker" to
Bermuda grass. On an arable farm or in a garden
we know of no greater pest, but as a pasture for
stock in a hot climate it is the best that can be had
and more valuable than the finest Kentucky blue-
grass. There are thousands of acres in the South
that ought to be covered with it and then we could
graze cattle and sheej) with any country in the
world, and instead of galls and gullies should have
a beautiful green sod in the hottest weather. — Ed.

THE VALUE OF LEGUMINOUS CROPS.

Editor Sovlhern Planter:

I send you under another cover a bunch of what is
called here, a filth, "cotton top" or "woolly head"
clover. Where I got the enclosed it has been grow-

ing for about nine or ten years, and nothing seems
to exterminate it. I have gro^vn two successive crops
of corn on the land and for two other seasons a crop
each of pea hay and crimson clover. I send it to
show you the tubercles on the roots, though the plant
is not yet half matured. The other is what we call
"partridge pea," growing on the same land. On
this plant the tubercles are very small, but more in
iiumber. Before this land took in these plants —
about the time (or year after) I sowed it first to
crimson clover — it was dead poor and would pro-
duce about seven and a half bushels corn. I have
had it recently to yield fifty bushels per acre. I
have never seen a piece of land improve so rapidly
as this has done. At first I thought my "cotton top"
a nuisance, but have decidedly changed my mind.
Richmond county, Va. A. C. Fishee.

This communication strongly illustrates the im-
portance of a knowledge of botany by farmers. These
two i^lants — the so-called "cotton top," which is
really a clover, and the so-called partridge pea, which
is a vetch — are both members of that great family
of legumes which are the truest friends of the farm-
ers. All the clovers, the peas, the beans, alfalfa,
sainfoin, lupines, etc., belong to this family of plants
and are all capable of taking from the atmosphere
nitrogen, which forms one of the greatest constitu-
ents of the air and which is in itself one of the most
needed sources of plant food. This they do by
means of tubercles, which form on the roots, and
are the homes of microlies, which assimilate and ren-
der available this nitrogen for plant-food. x\bsence
of this knowledge leads farmers frequently to de-
stroy their best friends in the shape of jjlauts, which
work for them without fee or reward. No doubt
thousands of acres of this so-called "filth," "cotton
top" and "partridge pea" have been ruthlessly de-
stroyed as pestiferous weeds in the South, which, if
left alone, would have made these acres fertile and
valuable. Their persistence in growth, notwith-
standing persecution, is a wonderful illustration of
the efforts of nature to clothe the earth with verdure
and to make it profitable for cultivation by man.
Like "dirt," which has been defined as being "sim-
ply matter out of place," plants of this character
are sometimes troublesome in other crops, but their
natural growth ought to be encouraged by utilizing
the land for such crops as those in which their per-
sistence will only enhance the yield and quality of
the crop, like the grasses, clovers and other forage
crops. When, by the continued production of these
crops, the land has been filled with humus and fer-
tility, then it may profitably be brought again int"
cultivation for other crops like corn, wheat, tobacivt

378

THE SOUTHERN PLANTER.

[Juue

and cotton, and these be grown in a proper system
of rotation with the clovers, peas and beans, and thus
the fertility be maintained. — Ed.

ENQUIRERS' COLUMN.

Enquiries should^be sent to the office of The Southern Plan-
ter, Richmond, Va., not later than the 15th of the month for
replies to appear in the next month's issue.

Covering Cow Peas— Cow Peas and Corn.

Please let us known how cow peas should be cover-
ed when sown broadcast. Simply to say sow broad-
cast is very indefinite to us folks up here near the
mountains, where such things have never been culti-
vated. Let us know if oats or corn could not be
so^vll with cow peas to advantage as a forage crop for
hay. I see one of your writers on this subject ad-
A^ises planting cow ])eas iu each hill of corn. If vou
think this is advisaljle, please give variety best suited
for such ]>lantiug. Would it either help or injure
the corn crop '. W. L. Richards.

Fauquier Co., Ya.

When sown broadcast cow peas should be covered
either l>v harrowing or by working them in with a
cultivator. A cultivator makes the best work, es-
pecialy a Disc cultivator.

Corn maj- be sown with cow peas, but we prefer
to use sorghmu as making a beter hay feed. In this
issiie you will find information as to sowing cow peas
with corn for silage or fodder. — Ed.

Lettuce Growing.

I want to ask you a few questions alxtut lettuce
growing. I want to plant in fall for late winter and
early spring shipping. A\'Tien ought I to sow seed,
and what kinds are best I How much fertilizer
should I use to the acre, and how much seed must I
sow ? Tom E. Person.

"Wayne Co., N. C.

The lettuce seed for providing the plants for the
winter crop should be sown about the middle of Sep-
tember. Sow on a rich, fresh bed and as soon as the
plants are big enough to handle they should be set
out in frames, if wanted for a very early market, or
in the open ground for the spring market. The soil
iu which they are set out sliould be well worked, and
be made rich with a fertilizer having about 6 per
cent, of ammonia, 4 per cent, of phosphoric acid, and
8 per cent, of potash. This may be made of 300
pounds of nitrate of soda, 800 pounds of cotton seed
meal, GOO pounds of acid phosphate (13 per cent),
and 300 pounds of muriate of potash to make a ton.
1 se alx)Ut 700 to 1,000 pounds to the acre. ^Vs let-

tuce seed is very fine and light, an ounce or two of
seed will grow a great quantity of plants. The best
varieties for the winter crop, when grown in frames,
is the Boston Market. For the open ground the best
variety is All-the-Year-Round. When grown in
frames the plants should have plenty of air given at
all times in the day when the weather is mild, but be
closed at nisht. — Ed.

Cough in Hogs.

What is good for hogs that cough a good deal '.

Warren Co., Va. W. S. Weaver.

Give the hogs some linseed oil in their food, say,
half a pint for each hog. Follow this with half a tea-
spoonful of nitrate of potash for each hog in the
drinjiinff water once or twice a week. — Ed.

Cress Salad.

1 should be greatly obliged if you can give me
some light on how to kill cress salad. I have a
forty -acre field iu wlieat that is over three-fourths
salad, and where the salad is there is very little wheat
and in some places not any at all. If I fallow this
land deep in the fall so as to cover up the seed several
inches, will this prevent it from coming o\it in the
following spring? Please give me some information
and suggest a remedy. Thos. B. Davis.

Greene Co., Va.

As soon as the wheat is harvested plough the land,
turning a thin furrow, and then harrow aud clean
off all the weeds and trash which works on to the
surface, and either burn or carry it to the barn-yard
to make manure. This should get rid of the cress
plants before the seed has ripened. Then to rid the
land of the seed already in the soil work over with
the disc cultivator and induce the seeds to germi-
nate, and as they do so kill the plants out by harrow-
ing on a hot day. Repeat this several times during
the summer aud you will get rid of the trouble. To
wait until fall before attacking the pest is simply to
give it the opportunity to make and fill the land with
more seed, which sooner or later will come again
sufficiently near the surface to germinate and trouble
vou again. — Ed.

Veterinary Colleges.

Will you please, in your next month's Plaxtek,
state which are the best veterinary colleges in this
country and Canada, and what the expenses would
be, and the length of time it woud take a man to
graduate; also the best hospitals where a man can
work after leaving the college. M. Wise.

Accomac Co., Va.

We are not able to give vou the information asked.

1903.]

THE SOUTHERN PLANTEE.

379

There is a good college in Xew York and one in
Canada, but we do not know the address of either.
If you would write the President of the Agricultural
College, Ithaca, X. Y., and the President of the Agri-
cultural College, Guelph, Ontario, Canada, these gen-
tlemen would no doubt give you the information you
seek. — Ed.

Cow Peas as Improvers— Compost.

1. I have a piece of land, about two acres, that is
very poor ; would not bring more than four or five
bushels of corn per acre. Would it pay to sow the
same to cow peas, using an 8-2-2 fertilizer, say 500
pounds per acre ; the vines to be turned imder next
fall and the place seeded to oats and grass ?

2. Where can I get a book on intensive farming
and truck gardening ?

3. I can get any quantity of pine mould out of
which to make compost, which is the best way to
handle it ? Haul it out during fall and winter and
spread broadcast on the land, with lime spi-ead over
that and iurned under, or pile it up about on the land
in a layer of mould and a layer of lime and let lay all
winter, turning at times, and then broadcast during
spring and turn under ? A Subsceibee.

Mecldenhurg Co., Ya.

1. Yes. It would undoiibtedly pay, but we would
apply 400 pounds of acid phosphate to the acre, in-
stead of the mixed fertilizer. It would cost less and
be more effective. Turn the vines imder after they
are dead, and not when full of moisture.

2. We can supply you with Robert's book on the
Eertility of the Land, which teaches how to make the
land rich and thus permits of intensive farming, and
Oehmler's book on truck crops. The price of the
first is $1.25 and the second $1.00.

3. Spread the woods mould on the land broadcast
and the lime on this and then plough both under.
No advantage is gained by mixing and composting
them. — Ed.

3. Goats will eat almost anything, but we cannot
say positively that they will eat these weeds. They
do seem, however, to prefer weeds to grass and clover.
■ 4. We think Shropshires would do better in your
section than Dorsets, and they woiild give more
mutton and wool. Dorsets are pre-eminently winter
lamb raisers. — Ed.

Plants for Name.

Enclosed find two plants I found growine in front
of our home. You will please state what they are;
^v•hat kind of land they gi'ow best on, and where I can
secure seed for the same. I admit I do not take the
Plaistee^ but I hope this will not cause you not to
publish this, for I read my friends'. I assure you
it will be greatly appreciated..

Lenoir Co., N. C. W. Gloss West.

We cannot identify the plants from the two sprigs
sent. To enable us to do so we must have the whole
plant, root and flower. One appears to be some kind
of clover, the other we do not know at all. We think
enquirers might at least take the journal, when it
only costs 50 cents a year, before asking us to give
them information. It would only be a small recom-
pense for our labor. — Ed.

Sheep Sorrel— Sheep.

1. Will sheep eat sheep sorrel?

2. What are best methods of killing it ?

3. Will Angora goats eat paw-paw, yellow dock or
sheep sorrel ?

4. What breed of sheep do you think best adapted
to this section, one which will produce both wool and
mutton < How about the Dorsets ?

Lee Co., Va. T. M. King.

1. No, not unless pinched hard with hunger.

2. Make the land rich, so that better plants will
grow on it and crowd out the sorrel. It is an indica-
tion of poverty of soil.

Crimson Clover.

Will you be so kind as to inform me, through your
paper, what time to sow crimson clover? I have
just read a letter in the Plantee from C. F. Day, in
regard to crimson clover as being a arood fertilizer
as well as for grazing. I live in Eastern North
Carolina, and we don't sow anything of the kind.
I have some sandy land that will make from 15 to 20
bushels of corn per acre, and wo^ild be glad to im-
prove it by sowing clover, if you think that kind of
land will grow it. E. C. Morton.

Onslow Co., N. C.

The land you describe will grow crimson clover.
Sow the seed at any time from August to October at
the rate of fifteen pounds to the acre if seeded alone,
or if in mixture with oats or wheat, which we ad-
vise, at the rate of ten pounds of clover and half a
bushel of grain. Sow broadcast and cover with a
light harrow. — Ed.

Gasoline Engine.

Will you kindly advise me, through your columns,
as to what you think of a 2} H. P. gasoline engine be-
ing sufiicient to run a 24-inch wood saw and a No. 11
Cyclone feed cutter ? The engine I have reference to
is the Weber Engine. Do you think I could run
either machine to fair advantage with 2| H. P. en-
gine ? Would said engine give as much or less power

380

THE SOUTHEliX PLANTER.

rJune

than five horses on sweep power ( The mamifac-
tnrer fits this engine with 8-inch drive pullev. Xow,
what effect would it have on the driving power of en-
gine to fit it with a 14-inch rmlley < I want just as
cheap an engine as I can get to do niv work, as it will
have to stand idle most of the time. I just want it
for my own use, and not to do custom work.

Durham, N. C. J. Tuos. Hicks.

We doubt very much whether a two and a half
horse-power engine will do the work you describe.
The nominal power of a gasoline engine is practi-
cally its actual power and not, as is the case with a
steam engine, only about half the actual [jower. A
three horse sweep horse-power would not run the
machines you mention. You should have at least a
four hoi-se engine. Increasing the size of the driving
]iulley would not give you more power. A large fly-
wheel on it might help, but this would be straining
the other parts of the engine. Get a guarantee from
the maker wlicn you purchase, that the engine you
buy will drive the machines you name. — Ed.

Asparagus Growing.

Will you kindly give me full and complete instruc-
tion as to the best manner and mode of ptitting out,
handling and marketing an acre of asparagus on
good land, well drained, and mellow i Would you
advise white or green asparagus for the Washington
market, and what variety would advise planting .'
What is an average crop per acre ? X."

Westmotr.land Co., Va.

The rows should be set out six feet apart across the
field. Take a j)low and throw out as deep a furrow as
possible in the line of the row. Then break the subsoil
and throw it o\it on the opposite side of the row to that
on which the surface soil has been thrown. Clean out
tlie furrow well so as to make the bottom of the row
at least eighteen inclies below the surface. Then take
some of the surface soil and fill into the row to the
depth of six inches. If this soil is not fairly rich it
should have some bone meal and cotton setd meal
mixed with it, say, 300 or 400 pounds of each to the
acre. The rows are now ready for the plants. These
should be 2-year-old plants and should be set out
eighteen inches or two feet apart in the row. The
plants should be put out as soon as received from the
growers, as they are very susceptible to injury when
kept long out of the ground. Cover the plants as
they are set with two or tliree inches of the surface
soil and make them firm in the rows. The soil taken
out of the bottom of the row should then be spread
over the laud l)etween the rows. This work of plant-
ing the bed sliould be done in the early sprinff, sav.

March or April. Xothing further need be done to
the crop until fall, bej-ond keeping down all weeds.
In the fall after the stalks have matured cut them
off and burn them and cover each row of plants with
a heavy mulching of farm-yard manure. Let this
lay all winter and then in spring cover this with two
or three inches of soil and work the land between
the rows and keep the whole field clear of weeds
during the summer. Xo crop should be cut the first
year after planting. In the fall clean off the stalks
and again cover with mantire and soil. In the early
spring work the land over the rows and between them
fine and cover the rows with a foot of soil. This will
give you white asparagus, which is that mostly called
for in the markets. The shoots should be cut with
a loug-bladed knife as soon as the tips come through
the soil. Put up in bunches of fifty. A machine is
sold for bunching asparagus, which can be had from
imijlement dealers and hardware merchants. If
green asparagus is desired do not cover the bed with
the foot of soil and let the stalks grow until long
enough for bunching before cutting. There is very
little, if any, difference between two or three of the
jirincipal varieties as to quality or yield. Either
Conover"s Colossal or Palmetto are good varieties.
The crop depends mainly on the richness of the land.
We saw the other day that a grower in the neighbor-
hood of Charleston, S. C, had this year made a clear
profit of $5,000 from 100 acres of asparagus. — Ed.

Barn Building.

I ask for advice in reference to building a barn. I
recall seeing in a recent issue of the Plaxtee a
reference to a barn of modern construction, in which
no heavy timbers were tised. the heaviest being only
two inches in thickness. I have never seen a build-
ing of this kind, and would like to know something
of it. I would be glad if the editor or any of the
readers of the Pi^a.n tee would advise me after I have
made known my wants. I want a barn to accommo-
date six head of horses and twice that number of
cattle, with ample room for forage and small grain
crops. I have a fairly good crib for corn, but would
like to have at least one small room for corn. If
possible, I would like to have a sixteen feet ground
space or circle on whicli to erect a Wright horse
power, to run my cutting knife and pea thresher. I
also want to use, as far as possible, the timljers of
my old barn in constructing the new one. The di-
mensions of my old barn arc as follows : 30 feet long
X L'4 feet wide, length of studding, 12 feet A pas-
sageway 10x24 feet runs across the barn. The comb
of roof runs with the length of barn ; rafters cut by a
square mitre. Across the ends and one side there is

1903.]

THE SOUTHERN PLANTER.

381

a shed ten feet wide, length of studding under lower
plate, 8 feet. These sheds are weatherboarded and
have 'a loft six feet from the ground. The body of
the barii is divided into six stalls, three on each side
of the passage. The timbers and weatherboarding
of this baru are pretty good, but the roof is rotten.
I am not wedded to a barn of any particular kind or
.pattern, but have thought I would like a square or
octagon shape or pattern. I would like a narrow
walkway around the stalls for convenience in feed-
ing, where the grain or feed boxes could be construct-
ed" and where the forage could be thrown from the
loft within reach of the stock. I have not decided
whether to cover with shingles or some of the various
jtalented roofling materials on the market. Would
like to be advised on this point. I would like for
the building to be as inexpensive as possible, with all
tiio conveniences that can be had at a small outlay in
cost. H. Q. Alexandee.

Mecklenburg Co., N. C.

3Ir. Joseph E. Wing, of Mechanicsburg, 0., has
published a little pamphlet giving full instructions
for building the frame barns referred to. Send for
copy. We can supply a book on Barn plans, contain-
ing a large number of illustrations of barns and other
farm buildings, which would probably enable the
enquirer to decide \ipou the one he needs. The price
is $1.00. We shall be glad if any of our subscribers
will give the enquirer the benefit of their experience
in barn building. If plans are submitted we will
publish same. — Ed.

Broken Cow Peas.

With cow peas threshed in a grain separator is
there any ^vay by which the broken peas can be sepa-
rated from the whole ones ? Is there a market value
for broken peas '( When 25 per cent, of the peas are
broken, what is their relative value compared with
whole ones ? X. Y. Z.

Weslinoreland Co., Vci.

By rimning the peas through a fanning mill and
carefully regulating the blast the broken peas can be
separated from the whole ones. The damage has
been done by running the separator too fast. We be-
lieve that feed dealers buy the broken peas, as we
know they often have them on sale for chicken feed.
We could not undertake to place a value on such a
sample. Submit same to a dealer. — Ed.

Teocinte.

makes a heavy yield of forage, growing much like
corn, but stools heavily from the root when cut and
thus can be cut a second time. It will not mature
seed north of the Gulf States nor make a crop of feed
north of the James river. It is excellent for cutting
for green feed and can be cured like corn fodder. —
Ed.

"Subscriber" desires further information as to
teocinte. Is it a sorghum or a grass ?

Teocinte is a tropical or semi-troi^ical grass. It

Japan Clover.

There is considerable pasturage of Japan clover in
this locality, and people here are largely of the opin-
ion that it is good to stay and of advantage in fatten-
ing cattle on poor laud, but that it is not milk pro-
duciug and will run a cow dry if kept much upon it.
My two cows, Jersey and Devonshire, got in tine hx
upon it last summer, but failed rapidly in their milk.
Was the Japan clover the cause? They had a very
light feed of meal and wheat bran at milking, not
housed until late fall. Devon was a stripper, Jersey
was fresh in July with her third calf. Pray oblige
by reply in next issue of paper.

Transylvania Co., N. C. A Sn-BSCKiBER.

We have never before heard any complaint as to
Japan clover being unsuitable for milch cows. On
the other hand, we have heard a number of farmers
who keep large herds of milch cattle speak highly of
it. The composition of the plant as disclosed by
analysis is almost exactly the same as red clover, and,
therefore, it may be presumed to be an excellent feed
for either milk or meat making. — Ed.

Hen Manure— Prevention of Lice in Hen Roost.

1. I want to know the manurial properties of hen
house dung. How much is it safe to apply, es-
pecialy in a garden '<

2. I have a chicken, hatched blind, what can I do
for him? My prevention for mites (lice) on fowls
in fowl houses is simple. I have tried it with good
results for two years. I use sasafras poles, unpeeledj
for roosts. The lice avoid these. I have never seen
a chicken louse, though mites are in abundance and
mighty annoying. James Joyne.

Berhlcy Co.. 8. C.

1. Hen manure (fresh) contains 1.10 per cent,
of nitrogen, 0..56 per cent, of potash and 0.85 per
cent, of ijhosphoric acid. Horse manure contains
0.41 per cent, of nitrogen, 0.35 per cent, of potash
and 0.17 per cent, of phosphoric acid. A ton of hen
manure would contain about 22 pounds of nitrogen,
11 pounds of potash and 17 pounds of phosphoric
acid. A ton of horse manure contains about 9 pounds
of nitrogen, 7 pounds of j^otash and 3 pounds of
pliosjijioric acid. Tiie hen manure is, therefore, as

382

THE SOUTHEKX PLA:sTEK.

[June

you will see, more than twice as valuable as plant-
food as horse manure and is better balanced, though
still has nitrogen in excess. Ejiowing these propor-
tions and having this comparison you can judge for
yourself as to how much you should apply. The
effect of a good supply of nitrogen in a fertilizer is
to stimulate leaf and stalk gro\rth, hence nitrogen
is valuable in a garden fertilizer, as it forces rapid
growth of the leaves and stalks of the vegetables.
The phosphoric acid in a fertilizer conduces to the
formation of seed and fruitage, whilst the potash is
mainly valuable as improving the quality of the seed
and fruit.

2. It is verj- doubtful if you can do anj^hing for
the chicken, and unless it is of a valuable pure breed
it is not worth the attempt. We have known a case
where the eye itself was perfect, but the lid had no
division. In this case, when the lid was cut across
from side to side, the chicken could see. If, how-
ever, when the lid was cut the eye itself was found
defective no good would result. What you call mites
are lice.- — Ed.

Cow Peas in Corn.

I would like to have j-our advice as to whether or
not it will pay to sow peas in a corn field when work-
ed the last time at $1.25 per bushel, to gather for
peas and to improve the land ?

Pittsylvania Co., Va. T. J. Hubbaed.

Yes. We have always advised this course and
believe the advice sound. The peas are worth all
they cost as improvers of the land. — Ed.

Cement Walls for an Ice House.

Please state if a cement wall would be better in an
ice house than one made out of wood.

SUBSCEIBEE.

Yes; cement makes an excellent wall for an ice
house. It maintains a more equable temperature and
will last forever. — Ed.

Moisture stored in the soil seems to do the crops
more good than when it falls as rain during the grow-
ing season. This indicates that it is desirable to get
the ground thoroughly moist and then cultivate it so
as to conserve this moisture.

When corresponding with advertisers, kindly men-
tion the Southern Planter.

THE GROWING BUDS AND GRAFTS.

Buds of apple, peach, cherry, etc., which were put
on in budding time last fall, will now be beginning
growing if the work was successful. But sprouts
from the stock (which, of course, was cut off two or
three inches above the bud in March) will also be
growing ; and these latter, being in perfect connection
with the stock will attract the life-giving sap largely
to themselves, and rob the bud. Attention will be
needed from time to time, in order to prevent this.
These sprouts must be broken off every week or two,
taking special care not to injure the bud in the opera-
tion. Frequently there will be six or eight sprouts
above and below the bud, completely hiding it from
sight, and without watchfulness the bud may be
broken off and all the previous labor lost ; and worse
than this, there may be the loss of the only living
bud of the particular kind — some new variety per-
haps, obtained with much trouble and expense; as
has occurred more than once.

The only safe plan is to look the bud up the first
thing, before breaking off a single sprout; then by
keeping an eye on the bud, and handling carefully,
it will not be injured.

Sometimes the work is overlooked until the sprouts
are three or four inches long, in which case it might
be too much of a check to the tree to take all off at
once. The best plan would be to take off all that are
above the bud, on the stub (as the stub is to be cut off
in July), and pinch off an inch or two of the points
of those below the bud; then at the next sprouting
(in a week or ten days) all the sprouts can be rubbed
off, leaving the bud in full possession.

Grafts set in spring will require the same care:
only the sprouts will be less numerous, though hardly
less injurious. — E. J. B., in Xaiioiml Stocl-man.

HALF-DONE WORK IS ALWAYS WASTEEUL.

The extravagance and waste of doing work badly
are most lamentable. We can never overestimate the
value, in a successful life, of an early formed habit
of doing everj-thing to a finish, and thus relieving
ourselves of the necessity of doing things more than
once. Oh, the waste in half-done, careless, patched
work I

The extravagance and loss resulting from a slip-
shod education is almost beyond computation. To be
under the necessity, all tlirough one's life, of patch
ing up, of having to do over again, half-done and
botched work, is not only a source of terrible waste,
but the subsequent loss of self-respect and life is also
verv great.

1903.]

THE SOUTHER]Sr PLANTER.

383

Trucking, Garden and Orchard.

WORK FOR THE MONTH.

June is one of the busiest months in the year for
the trucker and gardener. The shipping and market-
ing of the fall and early spring planted crops, the
ciiltivation of the later planted crops, and the plant-
ing and cultivation of the crops to ripen in the fall
must all proceed at once, and if any of these are neg-
lected loss must ensue. In addition to all this work,
where strawberries, raspberries and other small fruit
are grown, these are now ripe or ripening, and must
be gathered and marketed.

AV'hen shipping fruit or vegetables to market, see
that care is taken to have them cooled off before
crating and cull them closely so that the crop may
be creditable to the gi*owt5r. Keep ,the different
grades of fruit and j^roducts sepai'ate, and mark each
shijjment ''first,'' "'second" or "culls," as the case calls
for. In this way much better prices can be realized.
See that all baskets, crates and packages are clean
and the products packed in them attractively. More
than one-half of the profit may be easily lost by neg-
lecting these points.

Successional croj3s of beans, peas, corn, melons,
canteloupes, cucumbers, squashes, peppers, tomatoes
ant egg plants should be set out and the earliest
planted ones should have frequent cultivation to
stimulate their growth and keep down weeds. The
hot, dry weather we have had in May has largely
hindered groAvth, and only repeated cultivation can
save the crops unless we have rain. Keep the ground
covered with a mulch of some kind. A dry dust
mulch is as effective as any. As soon as we have
rain a dressing of nitrate of soda, say 150 pounds to
the acre, will infuse life into the crop again, and set
it to growing. Apply when the plants are dry, broad
cast. A vigorous, quick growth will tend to prevent
damage by insects, and in this way nitrate of soda
acts as an insecticide.

Look out for potato bugs, and see that they have a
good dressing of Paris green before they have injured
the crop. If there are any indications of blight on
tlie Irish potatoes give them a spraying or two with
Bordeaux mixture. Even if no blight be seen, the
spraying will be of advantage. In an experiment
made last year in Xew York State, spraying seven

times with Bordeaux, at a cost of about $10 per acre,
gave an increased yield of 123i bushels of potatoes,
and three sprays increased the yield 98-t bushels.
\Aniere both the early and late blight were absent from
the crops on Long Island, spraying seven times gave
a gain of 4.5 biishels per acre, and spraying three
times, a gain of 7f bushels.

When setting out tomato plants, plant a hill of corn
every few yards. The worms will take the corn be-
fore the tomatoes, and when on the corn it can be
pulled and fed to stock, and thus the tomatoes bo
saved from injury. Mustard sowed between the
rows of cabbage and other plants of the same family
will save them from the attacks of terrapin bugs.
These will crowd on the mustard, which can then be
destroyed by sprinkling with kerosene. Melons and
cantaloupes can be largely saved from the attacks of
the melon louse by dusting them when wet with bone
meal. ji

C'ucumbers for pickles should now be set out.
There is a large demand for this crop, and it is
usually a profitable one. Plant them in hills 3 or 4
feet apart, and fertilize liberally with a fertilizer
having about 5 per cent, ammonia, 7 per cent, phos-
phoric acid, and 8 per cent, potash. The cucumbers
can be put up in brine as picked, and then be sold
when all the crop is gathered, if not near enough to a
market to sell as picked.

Harvest the fall planted onions as soon as they
ripen. Pull and leave on the ground until dry, then
cut off tops and sell at once. They do not keep well,
but usually sell well before the spring planted crop
comes on the market.

Old strawberry beds, if not intended to be plowed
up ajid new ones planted, which is best after the
second year, may be renovated by mowing off the
foliage and burning it, thus destroying all insects
and blight. The rows should then be barred off with
the plow, and the plants be thinned out with the hoe,
and all weeds be destroyed. Then plow Ijack the soil
and cultivate the middles.

Celery seed may be sown during this month fm
plants to set out in July and August. Make the b -l

384

THE SOUTHERN PLANTER.

[June

Hue and rich, and let it be in a moist, cool location.
Sow the seed thinly, rake in and water, and ther
cover with brush or mats to keep in the moisture.
It is slow to germinate usually and often fails alto-
gether unless kept shaded and moist. When germi-
nated gradually remove the shading.

ORCHARD AND GARDEN NOTES.

EfJilor Suutltern Flanlcr:

Strawberry vines will need much attention this
month. All runners should be kept in the row, so
that room for cultivation between the rows will be
available. After the crop of fruit is gathered the
leaf rust is apt to do serious damage. If this dis-
ease should be found doing serious damage it is a
good idea to mow otf the old foliage and when it
dries place a few leaves or straw over the bed and
.burn everything. The fire will injure some plants
if the ground is dry, hence it is better to burn when
the ground is moist. After this burning the ground
should be well cultivated. New, vigorous foliage
will soon come up. This foliage should be sprayed
with bordeaux mixture to prevent the leaf rust ap
pearing again.

The raspberry canes will need attention also this
mouth. Pinch the ends of the young canes off so
that they will branch and 1)C more stocky. We like
for the caucus to grow about three feet high.

It is quite probable that a large per cent, of the
apples will have to bo thinned this year to make the
fruit large and fine. If the trees overload them
selves this year they are not likely to bear a good
crop next year. But thinning will be a difficult job
on many of the large, tall trees. There will be
many water sprouts come out on the younger trees
These should be looked after closely.

bagc. This is the most important crop of cabbage
for the farmer, ilany times the plants are set too
early in the season for this crop, and the winter cab-
bage frequently rots or is seriously damaged by the
heads bursting in the early fall. Of course, this can
be partially prevented by loosening the roots of the
cabbage in fall, but the best plan is not to plant the
fall crop too early.

Keep the cultivators going in the orchard and
garden. The trees will need much moisture to ma-
ture their fruit. If gress and weeds come up they
should be mowed off closely. None should be al-
lowed to ripen seed.

I notice in many instances where cow peas are
sowed in the orchard the vines are allowed to climb
u]i on the young trees and do great damage. If dry
weather should continue all such crops should be
mowed and let fall upon the ground to make mulch.

Plants should be set owi for fall and winter cal)-

Since the last issue of the Planter was published
I notice that the Board of the Virginia Polytechnic
Institute has asked for $20,000 to build and equip
an Agricultural Building for the Departments of
Agriculture, Horticulture and Veterinary Science.
Such a small amount put into such a building for
the State would be a shame and a disgrace — $50,000
would lie little enough. I have helped to erect and
equip a building for the Departments of Agriculture
and Horticulture at an Agriculture and Mechanical
( 'ollege which cost $34,000. Even then we did not
have enough. It must be remembered that such a
building is to be used for two widely different kinds
of work — for teaching and for investigation. The
college work will run nine months and the station
work twelve months. We do not want to see this
work placed in the background any longer at this
institution. We do uot want the ''play of Ilamlet
with Hamlet left out." The equipment for agricul-
ture and related branches should be the best of all
the technical branches, as was originally intended
when the colleges were endowed. It is utterly use-
less to try to attract students to such a course with a
poor equipment, and a good equipment is necessary
f(ir good station work as Svell.

Tliere is mtich room for needed improvement along
these lines. We are sorry to see the small sum of
$20,000 asked for to build and equip a buildiug for
the most important industrial interests of the State.
Broader ideas in the minds of those who think such
a small sum sufficient to represent such important in-
terests are sadly needed. We hope such a small sum
will never be appropriated. Eifty thousand dollars
is small enough. R. II. Pjjice.

Montgomery rounii/.

PLANTING TREES WITH A CROWBAR.

Tiie Stringfellow Method.

Editor Southern Planter:

New discoveries have been made in modern times
in the use of steam and electricity and in the prac-
tice of agriculture and the mechanical arts ; so it will

1903.]

THE SOUTHE RN PLAXTER.

38s

uot do to say the Stringfellow '"new horticulture" is
a humbug aud a lolly. Xew and valuable things
have been discovered, aud, accordiug to Wendell
Philips, many of the old arts have been entirely lost.

Some able, experience orehardists ha\e become
converts to the Stringfellow method of tree plant-
ing, and ilr. S. himself is, no doubt, a vei"y intelli-
gent gentleman. Mr. M. Crawford, of Ohio, says :
"If the new horticulture is sound, and it certainly
is, the sooner fruit growers find it out the better."
-Mr. Hilchiugs, another experienced orchardist, has
adopted the system, and 1 understand that Mr. H.
W. (ollingwood, the editor of the Rural iSTew
"Worker, has planted nearly 1,500 trees by this
method and says his success has been so great he
would never 2)lant trees any other way.

Some trees, like the willow, will grow from a piece
of the limb stuck into the gTound, but I know from
trial that they will grow quicker when small trees
are planted with their roots left on. Everybody
knows that a large tree will not gi-ow when trans-
plated, except it is taken up with a great ball of
earth containing most of its roots. There are two
modes of doing work practiced in this world. The
one is to do it extremely well and the other is to only
half do it. Work well done always pays the best in
tile long run.

The endeavor to save labor is all right, provided
the less labor produces just as good results ; but this
is the question in dispute.

Every intelligent farmer knows that to raise large
crops of grain, grass, vegetables, flax, hemp, cotton
or tobacco the ground must be prepared by plough-
ing, harrowing and rolling to make it as mellow as
possible before planting, so that the roots of the
plants can penetrate it easily and quickly in all direc-
tions, embrace the tine particles of soil and es.-
tract the nourishment the plants must have to grow
luxuriantly and produce good crops. There is no
plant or herb we can think of that will not grow and
produce better in a well prepared soil than in un-
ploughed ground. Corn has been raised on the
prairies by chopping through the sod with an axe
and planting the seed, but the planter only raised
a meager crop, lie did uot expect much, and was
not disappointed. If the roots of all plants of
which we have knowledge thrive best in a mellow
soil, why not the roots of fruit-trees^ Have they
any miraculous poMcr not shared by the roots of
other growing things to penetrate a compact soil,
luade more solid by the jabbing of the crowbar to
make the hole for the tree's insertion ?

They tell us of a case where a cherrvstoue was

(Ir'ippe<l into the crack of a big rock aud grew, it was
watered and tlie roots spi'ead and split the rock itself.
Was there uot a great waste of energy in making
those cherry-tree roots split the big rock i How much
quicker aud farther those roots would have extended
ill a mellow soil, and how much quicker the tree
would have grown and produced fruit ( The String-
fellow converts admit that for the lirst two or three
years the growth above ground of the Stringfellow
trees is quite inferior to those planted in the old
way. Some orehardists who tried the new method,
owing to the slow growth of the trees, became dis-
gusted, pulled them up and threw them away.

A soil made mellow by ploughing or spading will
absorb and retain more of the rain water for the
support of the young tree in dry weather than when
planted in solid ground.

The efforts of wise faxmers have always been to
get their young stock growing fast at the beginning
of life and to keep them growing. They also strive
to have their plants and trees start off vigorously at
the commencement of existence. Mr. Crawford
says: "At the time of planting, the top and roots
should be cut back, reducing the tree almost to a
cutting." Certainly, if the roots are cut off the top
must be also, but that seems like barbarous treat-
ment. The experience of the Avorld in all ages has
been against this Stringfellow method. Analogy
opposes it, reason condemns it, but nothing will con-
vince these men that the method is wrong so long as
the trees will grow.

Trees strive very hard to live. The Chinese
dwarf small pine-trees by constantly cutting off their
roots until they are willing to grow in a flower pot,
like house plants. If only allowed to live, they are
willing to live without growth. This is not the way
pine-trees should be planted to make ship masts and
l"iuber. J. W. Ingham.

FRUIT PROSPECTS IN VIRGINIA.

We have received the following reports from or-
ehardists in this State as to the prospects for fruit:

The out look for fruit in this section (eastern
lopes of Blue Eidge in Albemarle county) at present
date is that a far larger quantity of peaches escaped
the frosts in April than was at first expected, the set
now shows early varieties, a very heavy crop, so much
that in many cases the trees have more than they can
properly bear. All varieties ripening up to end of
•July are set heavy. A\igust peaches (Elberta, Moun-
tain Rose, etc.) suffered more, but there are no trees

386

THE SOUTHEKX PLAJfTEK.

[June

without peaches. October peaches, such as Bilyeu's
Comet, are well set, in some of the more sheltered or-
chards there are large crops throughout. Pippins
show for a good crop, have set well and are sticking.
Jied apples in many cases appear to be dropping con-
siderably, at present Winesap indicates to average
lialf a crop, Limbertwig, Ben Davis, Winter Cheese,
etc., are well set in some, and very short in other
orchards. York Imperial seems to have failed.
There are lots of summer apples. Practically no
cherries escaped. Xo pears, a fair crop of plums,
the more delicate Japan varieties, such Abundance,
Burbank and Wickson have failed, but there are good
crops of Red June, Wild Goose, Ogon, etc. Straw-
berries, all the blooms out at time of frost were kill-
ed, but later blooms are ripening a heavy crop.
.Albemarle Co., Ya. W.\lter Whately,

Secretary State Horticultural Society.

Very conflicting reports of the condition of the
fruit are given. As far as I have been able to inves-
tigate myself, I think in our section there will be half
a crop of peaches, very few pears and cherries, the
largest winter apple crop we have had for years, too
many on the trees. The earlier apples are not so
'heavy. Japan plums light, hardier varieties and
damsons very heavy. Samuel B. Woods,

Fresident State Horticultural Society.

Albemarle Co. Va.,

Imperial grows here lo perfection, and many young
orchards are set entirely with this variety. All stone
fruits have been destroyed with \is. We may have
some few pears. The strawberry is only a half crop.
Augusta Co., Va. David O'Koek.

Replying to your favor of recent date, inquiring
as to prospects for fruit in this section, I will say
that there are a few peaches and plums, a good crop
of damsons. Of the apples, early varieties are a
failure — Winesaps a light crop and Pippins a full
crop. Wm. H. Boaz.

Albemarle Co., Va.

There will be a full crop of apples, both siunmer
and winter. About one-fifth of a crop of peaches;
some cherries; no pears, and about half a crop of
European plums; scarcely any Japan plums.

Roanoke Co., Va. A. M. Bowman.

Your favor of the 12th May to hand, and will
reply by saying the apple bloom in this section of the
Valley of Virginia is very heavy, and the prospects
for a large crop of apples is very encouraging. This
year will bring into bearing many fine young or-
chards that have never produced a crop before. The
acreage of young orchards is large in our valley, and
in a few years Augusta will stand first on the list as
an apple growing county in Virginia. Tlic York

In reply to your favor of a recent date, I would say
I have not written sooner as I was making inquries
as to fruit prospects. I find on investigation there
is almost an entire failure of cherries, plums, pears
and quinces. Strawberries were killed in the first
blooming, and the dry weather has caused the later
berries to dry up. The peach crop is a general fail-
ure. Albemarle Pippins are holding on here in
most cases, though there was not a full bloom, and the
crop will be much smaller than usual. We had a
fine Winesap bloom, but few appear set, and I have
never seen less of this variety. In fact, the crop '>f
winter fruit is small. I have a small orchard of
Fall cheese apples that yields from 350 to 400 barrels
the regular apple years, which won't yield five bar-
rels this year, and I never saw the trees in finer
condition and a fuller crop of bloom. On the morn-
ing of April ,')th, at 7 o'clock, the mercury was down
to 20 degrees, and this is what destroyed our fruit.

Albemarle Co., Va. Isl. L. McCue.

Complying with your request in regard to the fruit
prospects of our section, I will say that strawberries
are looking fairly well, but are begining to need rain,
and unless it comes soon they will be cut short.
Peaches are almost an entire failure, buds having
been killed in February, very few pears, fair crop of
plums, cherries mostly killed, but the apple promises
to be the heaviest crop in many years. Trees ar^
loaded and no sign of any blight at all.

Fnlashi Co., Va. " W. W. Otey.

All peaches, pears and plums killed or nearly so.
Crop of apples for this county will be an average one.
!My own orchard of 4,000 trees is very full; have had
fine, dry weather for spraying.

Patrick Co., Va. J. H. Raxgelev.

Your favor of the 12th instant addressed to me at
Roanoke reached me at my farm at this place. For
my own orchards, I will say that Pippins, Cannon's
Pearmain, Smokehouse, Pryor, have set a good crop
of apples. Winesap, Ben Davis, Johnson are less
full, but these last are young, and not in full bearing.
Iveiffer has very little fruit. Bartlett has done fairly
well. Plums are full, and there some cherries, but
peaches very rare. Trees growing well. I did some

1903.]

THE SOUTHERN PLANTER.

887

spraying and hope that the apples will not fall off as
badly as thej' usually do. The general report is that
there will be a good crop of apples.

Franhlin Co., Va. John R. Guebeant.

Your favor of the 12th instant to hand and con-
tents noted. In reply would say that the severe
freeze that visited this section the night of April 4th
about killed the peaches, cherries and other small
fruits. I have a twenty acre apple orchard — Ben
Davis and York Imperial apples. Many of these
trees are full of apples now. But we are having a
very severe drought, only one rain having fallen for
a month. If this drought continues much longer
many apples will fall off the trees before ripening,
and the present prospects for a large crop will be
greatly diminished. E Wickham Byed.

Clarke Co.j Va.

BUDDING TREES.

Editor Southern Planter:

In the next issue of your valuable paper please
give a minute description of budding fruit, such as
peaches and cherries ; also the care of the buds from
the original to the new stock; also the time of year
for the work. Farmer.

Bedford Co., Va.

Budding consists in introducing the bud of one
tree with a portion of bark and a little adhering wood
beneath the bud of another, and upon the face of the
newly forming wood. It must be performed while
the stock is in a state of vigorous growth. An in-
cision is made lengthwise through the bark of the
stock, and a small cut at right angles at the top, the
whole somewhat resembling the letter T. A bud is
then taken from a shoot of the present year's growth
by shaving off' the bark an inch or an inch and a half
in length, with a small part of the wood — directly
beneath the bud. The edges of the bark at the in-
cision in the stock are then raised a little, and the bud
is pushed downward under the bark. A bandage of
bass, corn husk or other substance is wrapped round,
covering all parts but the bud. The pressure should
be just sufficient to keep the inserted portion closely
to the stock, but not such as to bruise or crush the
bark. The shoots containing the buds should be cut
when so mature as to be rather firm and hard in
texture. They are usually in the best condition after
the terminal bud has formed. To prevent withering,
the leaves must be immediately cut off, as they with-
draw and exhale rapidly the moisture from the shoot.
About one-quarter of an inch of the footstalks of the

leaves should remaiu to serve as handles to the buds
whilst inserting them. When by growth of tlie stock
the bandage cuts into it, usually in ten days or more,
it must be removed. The bud remains dormant till
the following spring, when the stock is cut off two
inches or more above it before the swelling of the bud.
All other buds must then be removed and all the vigor
of the stock or branch thrown into the remaining
bud, which immediately commences a rapid growth.
The essential requisites for success in budding are
first, a thrifty, rapidly growing stock, so that the bark
will peel very freely ; secondly, a proper time, not so
early that there will be too little cambium or mucila-
ginous cement between the bark and the wood for the
adhesion of the bud nor so late that the bark will not
peel nor the subsequent growth sufficiently cement the
bud to the stock; thirdly, buds sufficiently mature;
fourthly, a keen, flat knife for shaving off the bud
that it may lie close in contact upon the wood of the
stock ; fifthly, the application of a ligature with mode-
rate pressure, causing the bud to fit the stock closely.
When the stocks are in the best condition it is un-
necessary to raise the bark any further than to admit
the lower point of the bud, which, as it is pushed
downwards, performs this operation in the most per-
fect manner. When the bark does not peel freely
enough for this purpose, success becomes uncertain.
Budding is performed in summer.

I'] ace a bushel of choice peaches in an old dirty
box, barrel or tub. How poorly does the fruit ap-
pear? But take the same fruit, place it in neat,
clean, tidy packages, firmly packed, and it will ap-
pear so much better and sell for so much more that a
novice in the work can scarcely realize it is the same
fruit. The buyer will gladly pay more for the fruit
m the neat, clean package.

The package should be secure, for rough handling
may cause a loss of the whole, Avhich would amount
to more than the labor involved on a number.

Look, then, in time, and provide a good supply of
the very best fruit packages.— i'^arm. Field and Fire-
side.

Early market tomatoes require short, well-rotted
manure in the hilJ ; the crop for canning should have
in addition a coating of manure broadcast. This
will keep the vines growing late and bearing until
frost. The best treatment for the tomato blight is
the Bordeaux mixture. The early plants should be
sprayed in the bed before being transplanted in the
field and then at least twice before the fruit begins to
ripen. The blight has become a serious drawback to
tomato growing in many sections. — Farm. .Ton.rnaJ

388

THE SOUTHEilX PLANTER.

[June

Live Stock and Dairy.

GAY BLACKBIRD, 14443.

.Tlie famous Aberdcfii Angus bull, GAY BLAOK-
iniil), 14,443, ('oluml)iau winner and sire of several
of the most noted herd bulls in America, chief among-
tlicni being Gay Lad (sold at $3,050, the highesi
priced American bred Angus bull).

One of his last sons, the Westertown Rose bull,
IJarou Rosebuj, 57(Hi(), is at the head of the Suuuy
Home herd, at Fitzgerald, X. ('.

The old bull was bred by Wallace Estill, Estill,
Mo., sired i)y the grcMt show ;nid breeding bull,
Heather Lad '2. lie died about one year ago, the
I)ro])erly of Mr. J. P. lliiie, of Ohio, who paid $1,02.")
for him at auction when nine years old.

We were not at all satisfied with the Aberdeen
Angus pictures ]niblished in our January issue, as
they did not do justice to the breed, but at the time
we could not do better. This picture of Gay Black-
bird M'ill, ]iowe\-er, malce some amends, as it fairlv

represents the breed, which stands very near the top
of tlie beef makinsr breeds.

DRIED BLOOD AS A TONIC FOR YOUNG CALVES.

For two years the Kansas Experiment Station has
Used dried blood in connection with its experiments
in feeding calves. Tn March, 1899, one of our cows
gave birth 1o a call' weighing eighty-six pounds. This
calf was allowed to suck for several week.s, to assist in
reducing the intlammatiou in the dam's udder. On
account of poor (puilify and quantity of milk, the calf
did very poorly, and to save its life it Ijecame neces-
sary to remove him from his dam. With the ordi-
nary treatment accorded our calves he grew worse
and worse, and when seventy-nine days old weighed
only ninety pounds, or four pounds heavier than at
birlii. Although no one would have given ten cents
I'or the calf at this time, an effort was made to bring

THE SOUTHEKN PLANTER.

1903.]

liini up. He was given castor oil, laudaiuun, fresli
eggs, calf meal, and, as a last resort, dried blood.
With the blood the calf commenced to improve, and
in a short time was gaining at the rate of nearly
fourteen pounds per ^veek. and not infrequently as
high as seventeen to eighteen pounds per week. When
a year old he weighed 578 pounds — a pretty goofl re-
cord for a calf that gained only four pounds for the
first seventy-nine days of its existence. The dried
blot)d consumed during parts of three months amount-
ed to seven and one-half pounds. At two cents per
])ound, the cost was fifteen cents.

In Octoter, 1900, a heifer Ixdonging to the Agri-
cultural College dropped her first calf. The calf
was snuill and sickly, and for the first few weeks did
very poorly, as is shown by the fact that on Decem-
ber 1st it weighed two pounds less than on Xovem-
ber 1st. For a few weeks its life was in a very criti-
cal condition, but when induced to eat a little dried
lilood with its milk it began to improve and has been
making fair gains ever since.

Dried blood is not only good for a weak calf, but
is an excellent remedy for any calf subject to scours
The Kansas Experiment Station has just purchased

389

A. G. V. v., Adv. 11., Xo. 10, has just completed a
mosT, wonderful year's milk and butter fat record.
This record has been made under the rules and con-
ditions foa- The Advanced Elegister olf Guernsey
L'atlle, which requires the supervision of an Agricul-
tural Experiment Station. In this instance a repre-
sentative of the JVlassachusetts State Station saw and
sampled the milk of this cow each month and report-
ed the results thus obtained. The inspector also re-
ported various weighings of milk as check weights.
The owner reported the detailed weights of milk for
each day and statement of feed and care.

Dolly Bloom calved March 22d, and started her
record March 2(5, 1902, when 23 months old, and
completed it March 25, 1903. During this time she
gave 8,841.58 pounds of milk, 5.13 average per cent,
butter fat, -453.8() pounds buter fat, equivalent to
over 500 pounds of butter.

The requirements for the admission of this cow to
Tlie Advanced Register was 6,000 pounds milk and
250.5 pounds butter fat. Her production greatly
exceeded this requirement. The record made is the
lanjcsl record of a year's production of butter fat by
two-'seav-old heifer in the world that can be

twenty young calves. Frequently these calves arrive

at the station badlv afi'ected with scours ; a little dried i '•^^^y

blood alwavs brii'igs about a cure. Recentlv a test found recorded, and at the same time supervised by

was made with five calves that hannened to be scour-
ing at the same time. W^ith two of these dried blood
was fed, after reducing the regiilar feed of milk.
With the other three the dried blood was fed without
changing the supply of milk. lu the former ease the
calves recovered from the scours after two feeds ; in
the latter after three feeds. With the seventy head
of young calves imder experiment at the Kansas sta-
tion during the past year, there has not been a single
case of scours that dried blood has failed to check.

In feeding dried blood, a teasnoonful at a feed is a
great plenty. This should be continued until the
scours disa})pear. In case of a weak calf the allow-
ance may l>e gradually increased to a tablespoonful
at a feed. To prevent the dried blood from settling
at the bottom of the pail, where the calf will be un-
able to get it, it may be stirred in the milk while the
calf is drinking, or the milk and blood mav he fed
innncdiately after being thoroup'hly mixed. Since
<lried blood is such a cheap and eflFective remedy, it
will pay any one who raises young calves by hand to
iiave a little available whenever a calf shows signs of
disorders in its digestive tract. It can be ol)tained
from any of the large jtackers. When ordering, state
that the blood is wanted for feediu"- ■ "i-noses. — D. H
Ofis. Kansas E.rperhneidal Station.

OVER 500 POUNDS OF BUTTER IN THE YEAR.

The Guernsev heifer, Dollv Bloom, Xo. 12770,

any representatives of a p\iblic institution or an or-
ganization.

The following statement from the owner as to the
daily feeding of this cow during her record will be of
interest :

JNIarch, 1902. After calving her feed for the rest
of the month was gradually increased until it reached
5 pounds shorts, 15 pounds ensilage and clover hay
ad ld)iiv.m.

April. Six pounds shorts, 1 3-1 pounds old pro-
cess oil meal, 1 3-4 pounds gluten, 20 pounds ensilage
and clover hay ad lihitiun.

May. Same grain as in April, with the addition
of 1 pound corn meal, clover hay until the 15th, when
she was turned to pasture and fed peas and oats in the
barn.

June. Same as in May except green clover in
jjlace of the peas and oats.

July, August and September. Same grain, with
the omission of the corn meal. Pasture and green
clover continued.

October. Same grain. For coarse food in addi-
tion to the pasture, millet and a little clover hay was
given.

Xovember to ^larch. Same grain, 20 pounds en-
silage, 40 pounds roots (mixture of 1 poimd carrots
to e^ery 2 pounds mangles) and clover hay ad libitum.

Din-ing the summer she was out in pasture until

390

THE SOUTHEKX PLAIS'TEE.

[June

beat of day, and at noon was fed green stuff in the
stable. If weatber was hot she was turned out at
night and stabled in day time. She had the same
care and feed as the other cows of her age in the herd
with regard to general way of handling. She was
milked only twice a day and stood in a standing stall.

Dolly Bloom was bred by Mr. Ezra Michener, of
Micheuer, Pa., and dropped April 14, 1900. Her
sire was Divan, 5846, and her dam Questa, 11385.
Their breeding goes back to such noted animals as
Bonny Boy, Fernwood Lily and Imp. Pacific.

Dolly Bloom is owned by Mr. F. Lothrop Ames, of
Boston, ilr. Ames takes great pride in his small but
choice herd of Guernseys at his beautiful estate,
"Laugwatei-," in N'orth Easton, Mass., and the woi-k
of this cow is a great pleasure to him.

This heifer bears unquestionable testimony to the
capabilities of a Guernsey cow. She is one of fort^
Guernsey cows that have made official yearly records
of butter fat and been admitted to the Advanced
Eegister. The records varying from 296 pounds to
C02 pounds (equivalent to 346 and 702 pounds but-
ter). Wm. H. Caldwell,

reterhoro, N. IL, April, 1903. Secretary.

PASTURE FOR HOGS.

The Kansas Experiment Station has realized
$11.90 i)er acre from rape pasture and $24.10 from
alfalfa pasture in ninety-eight days. These resulte
were obtained from the following experiments, which
were begun July 25th and concluded October 31,
1902:

Thirty slioats, averagiug 52 pounds in weight, were
divided as nearly equally as possible into three lots
of ten each. Lot I was fed on a grain mixture of
shorts one-half, corn meal one-fourth, and Kafir corn
meal one-fourth, in a dry lot. The other two lots
were fed the same grain ration, but one received rape
pasture and the other alfalfa pasture in addition.
Each lot was given what grain the hogs would eat up
clean, and each had access to water and ashes. The
weights of g-'ains made are as follows :

Grnin
consimii'M
In pounds.

Qiaiii con-
sumed per 100
lbs Kain,
in pounds.

1023
1076
1078

371
301
300

T. No pasture 3801

II. Rape pasture. . . 3244
III. Alfalfa pasture. 3244

The gains of the three lots are very nearly equal.
The dry lot consumed 557 pounds, or 70 pounds for
every 100 pounds of gain, more grain than the pasture

lots. The lot on rape required one acre of pasture,
while the alfalfa lot used a trifle less than one-half
acre.

The lot without pasture required 3.71 pounds of
grain, to produce one pound of gain. Assigning the
same value to the grain fed the hogs on rape pasture,
we have 877 pounds of pork credited to the grain and
199 pounds credited to the rape. At six cents per
pound, the price at which hogs were selling at the
close of the experiment, this would be a credit of
$11.90 per acre for the rape. In a similar manner
the alfalfa is credited with 201 pounds of pork, equal
Lo $12.05, and as there was only a half-acre of alfalfa
this makes a rate of $24.10 per acre.

The cost of preparing the seed bed and seeding the
rape was $1.80 per acre. It was seeded in the feed
lots on soil that would otherwise have remained idle,
or would have grown up to weeds.

Tlie shoats on pasture enjoyed their diet and seem-
ed satisfied. Those in the dry lots seemed to be
hankering after something green, and their appetites
seemed unsatisfied without some kind of roughness.
They would even nibble at straw in a vain atempt to
satisfy their craving.

The experiment emphasizes the superior value of
alfalfa pasture. Where alfalfa is not available, or
where variety is waiited or it is desired to utilize
otherwise waste land. Dwarf Essex rape, seeded at
the rate of six to eight pounds per acre any time
from early spring to late summer, will furnish an
excellent diet that is greatly relished by the hog.
Succulence and variety will make healthier hogs that
will return increased profits. D. H. Otis.

ManhaUan, Kan.

ANGUS CATTLE,

Editor Southern Planter:

I think it is now a well settled fact that the Angus
cattle excel all other breeds for beef. At all the re-
cent fat stock shows, both in (.'hieago and Pittsburg,
the Angus took all the premiums except one, and
tliat was given to the Hereford cross on the Angus.

Mr. A. Eiehel, the leading butcher of Richmond,
told me last Avoek that the finest cattle he has ever
kiled were six Angus cattle raised by me and five by
a gentleman above Richmond.

I sold those cattle to the Brauer Cattle Co. in the
field for $52.50 each. Mr. Brauer and myself esti-
mated them when sold at 1,200 pounds, I think about
the 12th of September. They were put on the market
the following Christmas, and Mr. Eiehel told me

1903.]

THE SOUTHERN PLx\NTER.

391

they weighed over 1,500 pounds, whicli was a gain of
over 300 pcjuuds to the steer in a fraction over three
months. Mv. Heury Block said they were the finest
he had ever seen. I think these facts speak well
for the Angus cattle. Our section is not considered
anything extra for grazing, so I think that more was
due to the breeding of the cattle than to the grass. I
have been raising Angus cattle for about ten years,
and I am satisfied I can keep one-third more of this
breed on the same feed and grass than of any other
breed I have ever kept. They do not give a big
quantity of milk, but it is very rich, judging from the
calves, which are always fat. Ihope the day is not
far distant when all this Piedmont section will have
the black cattle, and thus do away with the necessity
for the most barbarous thing that ever was done, de-
horning cattle. J. H. Ellls.
Orange Co., Ya.

INTELLECTUAL BEEF,

Editor Soutliern Planter:

A writer in the Breeders' Gazette promises, some
may say threatens, a supply from that great food
emporium, the West, of "intellectual beef." The
consumer and the producer may take different views
on the desirability of the attainment. The writer
once possessed a very intelligeiit mule, inquisitive peo-
ple may be interested to know that his name was
Jacob, but I did not eat him. I sold him, seeing that
I was running a farm and not a circus. I read some-
where that in ancient Egypt her kings used to eat
their prime ministers or secretaries of state to in-
crease their mental abilities. As we do not read of it
now-a-days, perhaps the prime ministers or secre-
taries of state are not so clever as they used to be.
Should it be proved beyond contradiction that "corre-
lation between cranial development and the tender-
ness of the meat exists" in selling an old rogt^ish steer
to a dealer or butcher, what stress the seller should
lay upon that fact ? Some sensitive people may look
upon increased cranial development as the beginning
of the end, and that pathos and not the graspiness of
the beef trust will cause man to cease to be carni-
vorous.- But is not the acquired intelligence of do-
mesticity offset by loss of actiteness in what is called
instinct? Must not the tenderness of the animal's
meat result from the cranitim of man ?

Disposition has a very decided influence on the con-
dition a horse keeps in, and probably has more in-
fluence in a domesticated state than in free nature,
but whether a high strung, thoroughbred racing colt,

or a phlegmatic yotmg drafter would possess tender
meat is a question yet to be decided, though if tender-
ness has a relation to temperament, the fact would
speak plainer in the horse than the cow — and in less
degree still in the hog. Animals must be accredited
with many faculties of mental orders in low degrees,
probably the state of the mind we call human before
it was impregnated with consciousness, and followed
by conscientiousness, Ijhe growths otf which have
caused a continued widening breach between the hu-
man and the animal. What will the West do next
is a trite saying, with the sun harnessed to the sun-
motor and her population surpassing that of the
Celestial Empire. W. M.

Albemarle Co., Va.

BLACKLEG.

Editor Souihern Planter:

I have before me your issue for May, and have
read the article in regard to blackleg and its preven-
tion by vaccination. It would appear from that arti-
jcle that the vaccination of animals to protect them
against blackleg was purely an experiment, whereas
as a matter of fact, the blackleg vaccine was discover-
ed by Messrs. Arloing, Cornevin and Thomas nine-
teen years ago, and has been put to practical use for
I some eighteen years in Europe. I introduced black-
leg vaccination into JSTorth America as long ago as
1895, and over five millions of calves have been vacci-
nated in the United States during the last few years
with the vaccines that are still prepai-ed by Messrs.
Arloing and Thomas, and which are ftirnished by the
Pasteur Vaccine Co.

The blackleg vaccine was first of all made in the
powder form, with two lymphs that were administer-
ed at an interval of about a week. A few years later
the vaccine in powder form was prepared of meditim
strength, which necessitated only one apiDlication.
However, as highlj^ graded or pure-bred stock are
more susceptible to blackleg than common stock, it
is always desirable to treat such animals with the
"double" vaccine, consisting of the two lymphs, as the
dotible treatment affords a higher degree of protection
than the single treatment. Moreover, it is naturally
desirable to give the highest possible degTee of pro-
tection against blackleg to the more valuable animals.

Some years later an improvement was made in the
method of preparing and applying the vaccine, and
this was brought about by Dr. Thomas. This is in
the form of a cord saturated with the vaccine and then
dried, and it is applied in the same way as one would

THE SOUTHEKX PLA^TEll.

[June

take a stilcli under tbe skin. This has rendered vac-
cination more popular, as it has made the operation
so mucli easier, doing away with the expensive and
troublesome syringe outtit with pestle, mortar, etc.,
for preparing the powder vaccine lor use. The cord
form qf vaccine is generalh- known as "Blacklegiue,"
and for several years past has been furnished both
for single treatment and for double treatment.

About tweiily millions of calves have now been
vaccinated agaiiibt blackleg, of which about 95 per
cent, have been vaccinated with the original vaccines
prepared by Messrs. Arloing and Thomas, and fur-
nished in this country by the Pasteur Vaccine Co.
It will readily be seen, therefore, that vaccination
against blackleg is by no means an experiment, and
as al)ove mentioned, the vaccine has been a commer-
cial product for about eighteen years. An article is
never taken up commercially until the experimental
stage is passed. I hasten to correct the erroneous
impression convened l>y the article in question, as, if
it were thought that vaccination against blackleg
was simply an experiment, it would deter a mxmber
of stock raisers from resorting to vaccination, and by
refraining from vaccinating their stock, they would
continue to lose their calves from blackleg at the same
liigh rate as existed before vaccination was introduced
by myself into this country eight years ago. Per-
liaps it is not out of place to say that the well-known
scientist, Louis Pasteur, discovered the preventive
vaccination for anthrax twenty years ago, and over
twenty-three millions of animals have been success-
fully protected against anthrax with Pasteur's an-
thrax vaccine in E,urope, iS'orth America, South
-Vmerica and Australia — in fact, in all parts of the
civilized world where anthrax is troublesome.

('hicago. III. Hauold Sorbv.

THE FUTURE OF THE SHORT HORN.

^Ve take the following extract from a letter from
an English breeder to the Breeders' Gazelle. It em-
l)hasizes the point we have so often made that Short
Horn breeders in this country have lost sight of one
of the grandest points in tbat tine breed — viz., its
milk and bntter j)roducing capacity. It is this qual-
ity, combined with its good feeding qualities,
which makes it preeminently the farmer's cow. We
want breeders here to get back to this type, and then
in a Short Horn the farmer will have the finest dual
l)nvpose cow in the world:

It seems to me that in the States of America you
know the Slmrt Horn in its beef state onlv. In the

old country we know it in its true cosmopolitan form,
a true dual-purpose animal unequalled for the pro-
duction of beef and milk. If we go to the bed rock
of Short Horn history we find special mention of the
milking qualities of the earliest recorded cows.
Take, for instance, the earliest recorded female
Tripes, ancestress of the Princess family, calved some
time previous to 3 760. This cow, said to have been
a great grazer, was the grandam of a heifer by Mas-
terman's Bull {422) and in two successive years pro-
duced twin calves and gave eighteen quarts of milk
twice a day for more than a month after calving. It
is this reputation for milk producing, combined with
an aptitude to fatten when dry equal to that of any
other breed, that has given the Short Horn first place
in the race of breeds.

In this country to-day we have two practically dis-
tinct types of Short Horns — the Scotch or beef pro-
ducing, now the rage in America, and the dual pur-
pose English Short Horn founded on the old Booth
and Bates blood. It is to the latter with a judicious
blend of the former to give it more substance and
earlier maturity that I look to carry on the glorious
work of the l)reed in the future. The old Bates in
the Southwest of England that were practically min-
ed by the mad rush for straight Bates in the seventies
and early eighties, have for the last fifteen years or
so been recuperating under the shadow of the straight
Scotch edifice erected by the sage of Sittyton, an
edifice not the growth of a night, but the outcome of
a lifetime of patient labor directed by a master mind.
.■\ thought sometimes occurs to me — though it may be
lieresy to express it — when I think of the foundation
on which Amos ("ruickshank's life-work was laid, on
which in the autumn of his days he had the pleasure
of placing the corner-slone, and of the story after
story that the builders who succeeded him are adding,
some with judgment, some without, to that building,
that some time in the future — who may say how soon ?
— the whole structure will fall like a house of cards
as flat as the "Bates and no surrender" bubble wnen
pricked with the needle of common sense.

Xow one word as to the Short Horn of the future.
We must bear in mind that he is the Anglo-Saxon of
the bovine species and as the pioneer and eivilizer of
the cattle world he must retain his activity and con-
stitution, so that in a new country, if necesary, he
can forage for himself. With this end in view breed-
ers in this country must aim at the style and grandeur
of the early Short Horn combined with the aptitude
to fatten of the Cruickshank cattle and at the same
time take care that the milking powers are not neg-
lected.— J.vMES Pktkr, in Breeders' Gazelle.

1903.]

THE SOUTHERN PLANTER.

393

The Poultry Yard.

NUX VOMICA FOR CHICKEN KILLING HAWKS.

Our reply to tlie inquiry on this subject, published
iu our last issue, has brought forth the following in-
formation from subscribers. We are certainly sur-
prised to learn that hens and chickens are apparently
immune to the action of nux vomica (strychnine),
which is so violent a poison to human beings and all
animals so far as we know. A still more curious fea-
ture is brought out in one of the communications —
viz., that the drug is poisonous to ducks and guineas.
The conununications are from persons of the highest
repute in their sections, and known to vis to 1)e thor-
oughlv trustworthy, and we therefore make no hesita-
tion iu publishing liie same. We would, however,
urge that care should be taken in the handling of the
drug, to keep it out of reach of human beings and the
live stock of tlie fanu other than the hens and
chickens :
EdUur Souihevn FlanUr:

I have for years believed in the testimony of those
in whom I have couiidcnce, that strychnine would
not kill a chicken. When I read in the last issue of
the Plantek the inquiry about the dose of nux
vomica to be given to chickens with a view of killing
hawks, and your comments thereon, I determined to
lake no1x)dy's sayso, but experiment for myself. I
took as much strychnine as I could get on the point of
a pocket knife, enough to kill a dozen crows, made it
into a pill with braii and gave it to a hen. She seem-
ed to enjoy it very much, and went off singing as if
she were happ.^'. I watched her for some time to see
if it would ali'ect her in any way, but she continued
in good spirits and is alive and well this morning.
Now, why is it that strychnine will kill crows, hawk^
and other birds, but has no effect on chickens (

Amelia Co., i a. R. E. JBridgefortii.

bciTig found dead, but it surely keeps them away, and
r think makes the chicks healthy. I buy the pow-
dered nux vomica, and as I have a good many chicks,
get oue-quarter pound at a time from a reliable drug-
gist. Begin by mixing one-half teaspoonful in one
quart of dry meal, wet up with water and feed every
two days. Gradually increase the dose to one tea-
spoon to a quart of meal. If you give too much at
first the chicks have convulsions. I simply put my
dough in the feed coop and let them eat it at will. It
kills gaiineas and ducks, so be careful. I think best
to discontinue the use of it about a month before the
chickens are used for table. As ilr. Montague has a
small flock, he can proportion the dose to the amount
of meal he uses -Mrs. R. T. Soutiiall.

New Kent Co., Va.

EcUloi ^oidhevn Planter:

I am glad that I am able to give the information
desired in regard to how much nux vomica to give a
chicken to kill the hawk and not injure the chicken.
I have been using it for the last eight or nine years
with the very best results. As soon as I find out that
the hawk is catching them, I stop up all of the hens
and chickens except one hen and her chickens, and
mix four or five drops of nux vomica thoroughly in
I the dough, and let the little chicks run out. I mean
four or five drops for each chicken. Say you have
10 chicks, 50 drops of nux vomica. The first chick
the hawk catches is sure death to him. I never give
it until the hawk is catching my chickens. It does
not act so well on large chickens. Always give it to
tlie youngest ones you have. I generally give it in
the morning, and the hawk will soon come and catch
one, and that is the last of him.

Louisa Co., Va. J. P. E. Johnson.

Editor Soiitliern I'laiiter:

I saw a letter in the -May issue of the Plaxteu
from ]\[r. ^Montague, of King William, asking for
information in regard to nux vomica being given to
chickens to kill hawks, and as I have used it success-
fully for two years, am glad of the opportunity to tell
him and others of my experience. I had very little
faith in i( at first, but as the hawks were so very
troublesome, thought I would give it a trial, and was
so much pleased, have used it ever since. I cannot
sav it kills the liawks, as I have never heard of one

TO DESTROY LICE IN THE COOPS AND HOUSES.

Nothing is better to use as a liquid lice-killer than
crude petroleum. It is a cheap, heavy, dark oil, just
as it comes from the ground. It is sure death to all
manner and kinds of hen lice that it touches or that
comes in contact with it. It can be used like paint,
with*a brush to apply it. Kerosene oil, with one
pound of naphlhaline balls to the gallon, makes an-
other good lice paint ; and there are quite a number of
liquids sold in cans for this special purpose. No

394

THE SOUTHERN PLANTER.

[June

matter which of these you may select, make good use
of them prior to placing a hen and her young brood
within an old hen coop. Be sure to paint the coop
with this at least twenty-four hours before using it,
as the fumes of these mixtures will kill very young
chicks.

ABOUT TURKEYS.

To make a success of turkey raising much care and
painstaking must be given the young the first three
or four weeks of their life. They are very tender
and harder to start than any other fowl. Eeed noth-
ing the first twenty-four hours after they are hatched.
They gain strength faster if left in the nest with
the hen a day and night before cooping. Before put-
ting them in the coop see that it is perfectly clean
and free from vermin, and placed on dry ground, a
little elevated, that the ground under the coop may
not become water soaked in heavy rains.

Remove cooi^ to fresh gTOund often to avoid filth.
Mashed potatoes and sour milk curd mixed with
wheat bran is an excellent feed for turkeys and al-
ways in order.

Raw meat with onion tops chopiJied fine may be
given ojice a day with good results.

This forms a diet very much relished by the littlp
fellows at least.

Keep close watch for the large white lice that set-
tle on the heads and necks of the young and kill a
large percentage of all that are hatched.

Lard mixed with a sprinkling of sulphur on the
head and neck will destroy the lice at once.

Never let the young tui-keys get wet and draggled
in the morning dew or rain.

Give water in shallow vessels so they can only wet
their beaks.

They should only have their liberty on dry, warm
days until well feathered, when they may go forth
and roam at will.

Green corn, if eaten freely, will produce cholera,
which is almost always siire death.

Turkeys, unlike geese, have a very small amount
of brains, and are not responsible for the many sad
plights they get into.

COST OF EGG PRODUCTION.

The question is bciii.n' ('ontiunally asked as to the
cost of egg production, the ajnount of food consumed,
and the amount necessary to Iw fed daily to fowls for

the best results in producing eggs for market. To
ftnswer such questions successfully it would be neces-
sary to go over considerable ground and meet the
various conditions under which the fowls are kept,
and make a particular point in each particular case.
About one of the best things in the world to do on
this subject is to study carefully every phase of the
question and shape matters accordingly.

In the test made for the Agricultural Division of
Cornell University, at seven separate and well-sepa-
rated stations or farms, it is shown that the average
egg yield of 2,133 hens, for seventeen weeks, between
December 1st and March 20th, was 32.2 eggs per hun-,
dved fowls; or, in round numbers, seven eggs per
month from each hen ; and the food cost of producing
tliesc eggs was a little more than sixteen cents per
dozen eggs. The average profit was about $24.00 per
Inmdred hens for The four winter months.

When we compare flocks, we find that one of the
liocks of 150 White Leghorn pullets produced thirty-
six per cent, egg average, and shows a profit of $62.00
per hundred hens for the four months. Another
riock of ninety-six Leghorn pullets, twenty White
Wyandotte pullets, and one hundred cross-bred White
Wyandotte and White Leghorn hens, that averaged
340 during the four months, shows an average of
ihii'ty-five per cent egg yield, and a profit of $53.00
]ier hundred hens for four months; or, as we might
say, about $1.50 per hen per year, if the same ratio
is continued. As between the entire average and the
average of the best, there is the same grading off as is
found in the average of dairy cows, crops, and general
business of all kinds. The best results always come
to those who manage the best, and even when we aver-
age the general average, we find that each hen of the
whole lot would show a profit of over 66 cents per
hen per year, or six himdred and sixty dollars ($660)
])er year from keeping one thousand hens imder poor
results, as against the making of over fifteen hundred
dollars ($1,500) per year from the proper handling
of the same. number.

The greatest value of this test is the cost of feeding
the hens. This is shown to be $32.43 for food con-
.^umed by one hundred hens in seventeen weeks, or
about 2 cents per week per hen. Those that produced
the second largest egg yield consumed the most food
of all kinds, including green food. They had about
four ounces i^er day, while those that had the least
amount of food, cost value, stood eighth in line of
egg production and consumed almost five ounces per
day, less costly and more bulky food being used. —
Farm Faullry.

1903.]

THE SOUTHEEN PLANTEK.

595

The Horse.

NOTES.

George F. Dyer has quite a good stable of trotters
and pacers, which are being worked for speed over the
Fair Grounds track at Lynchburg, Va. The best
known member of Dyer's string is the bay pacing
mare. Little Belle, '2:13\, with whom he won a num-
ber of races in 1902. The daughter of Sidney,
2 :19^, is now in fine shape, and will be taken to the
races later on. Among others in Dyer's hands are
Sport, b. g., pacer, by Dr. Hooker, dam, the dam of
Josie B., 2 :09:^ ; Pete Warlock, b. g., 4, by Warlock,
dam by Strathiaore; chestnut gelding, 4, by
Kobert Mediu, dam by Melville Chief; Jim Rosin,
b. g., 4, by Dr. Hooker, dam by Young Jim, and
some half dozen or more well bred road horses. Dyer
is a careful painstaking man with a horse, and has
been quite successful during recnt years with such
horses as Little Bell, 2:14 1-4; Skyland Girl, 2:19-1,
Trib Gentry, 2:20; Princetell, 2:23 1-4, and others
with slower records.

Mr. John P. Branch, the head of the banking
house of Thomas Branch & Co., this city, has a horse
that would most likely learn to go fast with develop-
ment in the grand looking big brown gelding Quartz,
by Quartermaster, who recently drew a heavy road
wagon a mile out in 2 :37 1-4 over the Deep Run
Hunt Club track. He is being driven on the road,
but ]\[r. Branch has three others in George R. Rich-
mond's stable at the Hunt Club tra(?k. They are a
bay pacing gelding by Willis, dam Louise, sister to
Branchwood, 2 :22 1-4, by AVoodburn Hambletonian ;
b. g., 4, by Toodles, Jr., dam Louise, and Thiol,
brown mare, by Egwood.

Virginia horses were quite strongly in evidence at
the recent Baltimore Horse Show, especially in the
classes for hunters and jumpers. Courtland H.
Smith, of the Hampton Farm, Alexandria, carried
off the ribbon in the class for championship hunters
with Chappie Lee, and Tip Top, in the same stable,
came second. Grand old Hornpipe, owned by Mrs.
Charles H. Hurkamp, of the Boscobel Fai-m, Fred-
ericksburg, one of the most consistent of slow horses
and ever ready to do his best when called upon, was
also in evidence, as the big roan son of Young San-
ford, took first prize in the class for ladies' hunters.

In his private stalile here Mr. Langhorne Putney
lias a couple of well mannered and speedy harness
horses in Foxhall, 2 :19 3-4, and Foxie Lambert,
2 :22. Both are trotters. Foxhall, the chestnut son
of Great Stakes, 2 :20, and Sue Norfolk, by Norfolk,

is eight years old, and just in the prime of his use-
fulness. "^ He is a product of the Foxhall Farm, aSTor-
folk, and one of the speediest of Virginia breds, and
when right and fit, and gotten off on his stride, I
doubt if any horse in Richmond can head him in a
brush from a half mile up. His sire. Great Stakes,
is in the stud of W. H. Nelson, this city, while his
dam, the great brood mare Sue Norfolk, dam of three
in the list, is the most highly prized matron owned
by L. G. Roper, of Roper, N. C.

The annual crop of thoroughbred yearlings from
the Ellerslie Stud of R. J. Hancock and Son, Char-
lottesville, Va., are to be sold on Friday, June 12th,
by the Fasig-Tipton Company, New York, at their
Sheepshead Bay paddocks, and the collection is one
of the choicest ever sent from the farm. The offer-
ings include full brothers and sisters to horses that
have made history on the running turf. Ellerslie is
one of the most noted breeding establishments in the
land, and the stallions and brood mares in use are
among the richest bred to be found in the Stud Book.
^ ^ ^

J. S. Curtis, of the May field Stud, Leesburg, Va.,
has been permitted by the Jockey Club of New York
to register the name Salvini for the chestnut colt,
two years old, by imp. Saville, dam imp. Star Ac-
tress, by Kendal. Salvini was bred at Mayfield,
where his sire and dam were owned. He was taken
to England as a yearling and then brought back to
this country, and in order to register him under the
name claimed Mr. Curtis was assessed the usual fine
of $50 for a delay of more than six months in the
matter. Had it have been taken up as prescribed by
rules of the Jockey Club the cost would have only
been $5.

Robert Broadley's horses were in evidence at the
Washington spring meeting, and now they are win-
Tiing at Chicago. Ahola, the bay filly, 3, by Aloha,
dam Mrs. Stuart, by Panique. won recently in a
handicap for all ages at f mile. This filly is the
Derby candidate of the Bradley stable, and the tall
A'irginian hopes to laud first monev in that classic
event. Ahola was bred by Mr. Bradley at Greenwav
Farm, where her sire. Aloha, heads the stud, and is
credited with siring Robert Waddell and other good
winners. -^ <^ •-<

Albert Fletcher, Jr., Warrenton, Va., has sold to
H. V. Colt, Gennesseo, N. Y., a very promising young
gelding by His Grace, son of Eolus. The price was
$400, and the gelding will be schooled to jump by his
new owner. Bkoad Rock.

396

THE SOUTHERX PLAXTEE.

I June

Miscellaneous.

THE VIRGINIA STATE BOARD OF AGRICULTURE.

The first lucetiiig of the iiewlv :i]>]ioiiite(l State
Board of Agriculture was held in Rit-hniond on
April 14th. The members of the old Board have,
with the exception of ilr. Browning, who declined
reapjjointment, been reappointed. In ilr. Brown-
ing's place Mr. Gillespie has been appointed. Dr.
J. i[. McBryde, the President of the Agricultural
College and Director of the Experiment Station of
Virginia, has become, under the terms of the new
(Constitution, a member ex-otRcio of the Board, and
took his seat. The Board organized for business by
the election of the Hon. J. H. C. Beverly, of Essex
county, to the position of President. Mr. Beverly is
a large and succe.-isful farmer, who lias had several
years' erperience on the Board, and we doubt not will
make a most etftcicut presiding officer. We congratu-
late him upon his appointment. He is by education
and experience well fitted to discharge the duties of
the position, and farmers may look with confidence to
him to guard and advance their interests. The
Board appointed a special committee to confer with
the joint legislative committee as to the necessary
legislation retpiired to lie enacted to bring the work of
the Board into harmony with the requirements of the
new Constitution. This committee subsequently met
the joint legislative conmiittec and submitted a bill,
which seemed fitted to meet the needs of the case, and
which bill met the approval of the legislators, and
has since been enacted into law. We have not yet
been able to secure a copy of this law, but will do so
as soon as printed and publish same for the informa
tion of our readers. We understand that there was
some conflict between the Commissioner of Agricul-
ture and the Board as to their respective duties, the
Comissioner being desirous of controlling the work of
the Department of Agriculture and placing the Board
itself in a secondary position. The Board declined
to accede to this view of their duties, and submitted
that in accordance with the terms of the i^ew Consti-
tution the Department should "be under the man-
agement and control of the Board, Avith power to elect
and remove its orticcrs," and in this' contention they
were sustained by the Legislature. Practically,
therefore, the Commissioner is now placed in the
position which we have always contended he ought to
occupy — viz., that of Ix'ing merely the executive
officer of the Board. We strongly urged this point
before the Agricultural Committee of the Constitu-

tional Convention, and that coixmiittee agi-eed with
us, and so reported, and further provided that his
appointment should be by the Board. Unfortunately,
the ("onvention itself changed this into an appoint-
ment by the people, and thus placed the office in the
hands of the politicians. We were afraid that this
change would result in a conflict of authority between
the Board and (he (Commissioner and perpetuate what
had been the bane of the old Board and Commis-
sioner, and the result has justified our fear. We
hope, however, that this may now be at an end, as the
result of the action of the Legislature, and that undi-
vided and harmonious action may mark the future*
work of the Board and ( ommissioner.

THE GOOD ROADS QUESTION.

In our last issue, writing on this subject, we
strongly emphasized the importance of joint action
by the Nation, the State and the County if good roads
are to be had without an undue burden being cast
upon farmers. ^Ve are glad to see that this view of
the matter commended itself to the recent National
Convention, held in St. Louis, which was the
largest and most representative gathering ever held
on the road question. President Eoosevelt and ^Mr.
W. J. Bryan and other representative men addressed
the gathering. Colonel Killebrew, of Tennessee,
writing on the Convention, says :

■'Xo more successful Convention was ever held in
the interest of any indiistrial movement than the
Good Pioads' Convention, that was held in St. Louis
from April i>7th to the 2'Jth, inclusive. In the num-
ber and intelligence of it« delegates, in its enthusiasm
aud working capacity, in its unanimity and single-
ness of purpose, in the number of able speakers and
freedom from partisan or political influences, it was
seldom if ever equaled.

•'•Two thousand delegates, from nearly every State
and Territory in the Union, attended the Convention.
From the first day to the last the most dominating
idea was the necessity of government aid in the con-
struction of rural routes — government aid to be con-
ditioned upon an equal amount of local aid, as set
forth in the Brownlow bill. All the speakers, with
the exception of one or two, dwelt upon this idea, and
the thundering ajiplause that followed each speaker
left no room for doubt as to the sentiment of the Con-
vention on this point.

1903.]

THE SOUTHERN PLANTER.

397

'The best evidence, Ijowever, was iu the adoptirm
of the declaration of principles and resolutions on the
last day of the meeting. There was not a disseutinii

• voice in that large assemblage. The declaration of

I principles as set forth asserted that the building of
good roads in the United States is now of paramount
iijil^ortance to national prosperity and commercial
supremacy ; that the harmonious co-operation of town-
ship, county, State and National governments is need-
ed in furtherance of this end ; that though the appro-

. priatious hitherto made by Congress for the improve-
ment of the ri^-ers and harbors were beneficent and-
commendable, yet the time has come when the agricul-
tural districts should be assisted in the matter of
building highways, so that the benefits of the free
mail delivery may be extended, and thus promote a
higher order of citizenship, and also meet the ever-
growing necessities of the gi-eat agricultu-ral interests

, of the country, upon which its prosperity and growth

. depend.

"The establislunent tliroughout the United States
of a complete and pierfect organization for this pur-
pose was recommended, and the delegates assembled
were made representatives of the national organiza-
tion of the Good Roads' Association, to carry forward
this local organization. The work of the Office of
jjublic road inquiries was endorsed, and the sense of
the (Jonvention was that its opportunities shotild be
enlarged and its usefulness extended by a larger ap-
propriation.

"The princii^le of State and county co-operation
was commended, and it was more than once empha-
sized that it is as much the duty of the general gov

such expenditures. Senator Latimer made a strong
and unansweralfie argument in favor of government
aid. There will be no more earnest worker for good
roads in the next Congress than Senator Latimer.

"The President made some good points. Among
other things, he said :

" Tt is the habit of road building that gives to a
people penuanent greatness.

" 'The development of the iron road has been all
that one could wish, but it is mere presumption to
consider good railways as substittites for good high-
ways.

" 'We want to see cities built up, but not at the
expense of the country districts.

" 'If the winter means to the average farmer a long-
line of liquid morasses through which he must pain-
fully force his team if bent on business, and through
which he must w'ade or s\vim if bent on pleasure ; if
an ordinary rain storm means that the farmer's boy
or girl cannot use their bicycles, you have got to ex-
pect that those who live iu the rural districts will not
find farm life attractive.

■■ 'We should all encourage any check to the un-
healthy flow from the country to the city.'

"This movement in favor of government aid is
gathering strength day by day. It will reach such
proportions by the meeting of the next C^ougress that
no Congressman who has any regard for his own
popularity will be able to resist it. Several conver-
sions occurred during this National Convention.
Several who came prepared to resist the movement
were astonished at the depth and unanimity of senti-
ment among the delegates of all political parties. The

ernment to assist in the building of higlre-ays as it is j imp^ilse is gathering strength, and he who would not

to improve the rivers and harbors

''The resolution favoring National aid is to be pre-
sented to the Congress of the United States by a com-
mittee composed of one member from each State, to
be selected by the secretary of the National Good
Roads' Association. The building of the memorial
road from ilonticello to the University of Virginia
in honor of Thomas Jefferson, who signed the first
bill for the construction of a national highway on
March 29, 1806, was unanimously approved and en-
dorsed by the Convention.

Among the most distinguished speakers at the Con-
vention were President Roosevelt, William J. Bryan,
Senator Latimer, of South Carolina, and Governor
Cummins, of Iowa. Mr. Roosevelt and Mr. Bryan
both spoke of the necessity of building better high-
ways for the nation, and though neither committed
himself to the proposition of advocating government
aid, yet the inference was clear that both would favor

be swept away must move with it."

We trust that our Legislature when it meets again
in November will endorse this movement, and not
waste more time in passing useless road laws, which
please nobody long, and effect no permanent improve-
ment of our roads.

PICKING STRAWBERRIES IN SOUTHEASTERN
VIRGINIA, NEAR THE SEA.

L'rJiior Souihern Planter:

In the early morning of ilay 6th I made a trip
to the berry fields around Norfolk, Va., in company
with a photographer, for the purpose of securing some
views suitable for properly illustrating the Virginia
berry business at the St. Louis Exposition.

At 8 o'clock A. M. we reached the farm of one of
our largest berry growers, and found more than four
hundred dusky pickers waiting the order to go to

398

THE SOUTHEKN PLANTER.

[June

work. These hands had gathered there from the
city and adjacent country.

They were made up of all sorts, sizes, ages, degrees
and conditions. There were old and young, short
and tall, fat and lean, male and female — in fact, there
was a regular cloud of big darks, little darks and
darklets.

They were all good natured and jolly, and while
waiting for the signal to begin, the time was spent in
laughing, chattering and joking, and the whole mass
gathered around the packing house, reminding one of
a swarm of bees hanging on to a big honeycomb.

The acreage in berries on this farm was not far
from one hundred acres. It was one large square
field with a wagon road running through the centre
of the field each way, cutting the field into four equal
squares. At the crossing of the roads, in the middle
of this one hundred acre field, the packing sheds were
erected and the crates stored.

At about 8:30 A. M., after the dew was off the
vines, the signal was given to begin work. The four
hundred pickers were looked after by four sub-over-
seers, and the whole work was looked after by a super-
intendent.

The day we were there the west half of the square
was to be picked, and the pickers in charge of the
overseers were marched to the western boimdary of
the field, and each one took his position at the end of
a row of berries. Each picker had a tray and about
ten empty quart baskets.

While they were marching from the centre of the
field to take their position for picking, our photo-
grapher got a good photograph of the moving mass.
At the signal they all began picking, and after they
bad picked about five minutes our photographer se-
cured another view of the pickers.

It was surely an interesting sight. The berries
were large and a beautiful red; the foliage was a
beautiful green ; the sky overhead was blue, while
the pickers were black.

It was a scene once seen never forgotten. We
learned afterwards that the result of the picking that
morning was something less than one hundred and
fifty crates, each holding sixty quarts.

The price paid the pickers is two cents per quart.
At this price a good picker often makes as high as one
dollar to two dollars per day, although they seldom
pick all day.

The market price of berries has been well sus-
tained this year; the ruling price at present being
from ten to fifteen cents per quart. For more than
two weeks the crop has been going forward to market.
The cool weather, so far prevailing in May, ripens the

berries slowly, so slowly that every quart is finding a
good market. The berries are also firm and are go-
ing forward in a splendid condition.

Wc are hoping that the crop will reach well up to
the maximum — say ten million quarts — and we
are also hoping that the average price will reach very
near the ten cent mark, which makes a round million
dollars for the berry crop of this section. In such
case the cost to pick will reach twenty thousand dol-
lars, and this sum is deposited at the very bottom of
the heap, so to speak. It circulates onward and up-
ward through the whole mass of business, passing
rapidly from the hands of the pickers to the retailers
in our city, thence to the wholesale men, thence to the
jobbers and manufacturers in the great Northern
and Eastern financial centres, from whence it is
drawn back to this field again in exchange for the-
great potato crop which is to go to market in June.

So we see that the "trucking" dollar makes a
round trip in about thirty days^that is to say, it
ntakes the rounds from the laborer up through all of
the grades to headquarters, and then back again to
the laborer in about thirty days.

It is not so with "wheat" dollar, or the "corn"*
dollar, or the "beef" or "pork" dollar; such dollars
make but one round trip per year. The trucking
dollar is the "nimble nickel." It is spent, respent,
spent again and again and again, passing through
dozens of hands in less than thirty days. Because of
the fact that the dollar invested here in agricultural
pursuits makes so many round trips per year, busi-
ness here never gets stagnant. Money is always in
motion, because the tillers of the soil always have
something to sell. A. Jeffees.

Norfolk, Va.

FREAKS OF IRISH POTATOES.
Different Results Under Similar Conditions.

Editor Southern Planter.

There is probably no crop raised in this country
that is more talked about among farmers or oftener
discussed in the agricultural press than potatoes.
This is not becatise they are a valuable crop, raised
on every man's farm, in every part of the country,
and constitute a palatable, nourishing, and inexpen-
sive food to be found on every man's table at nearly
every meal, but because there are some mysteries
about the plant and the terrible diseases to which it is
subject. Potatoes sometimes do well under certain
conditions of weather and treatment, and again do
poorly under apparently the same conditions and
treatment. I have known them to do well some

1903.]

THE SOUTHERN PLANTER.

399

drouthy seasons and do poorly in other dry seasons,
to do well in some wet summers, and to rot terribly in
other wet siimmers.

I think it has never yet been satisfactorily settled
by the experiments of farmers, or the trials at the ex-
periment stations, whether it is best to plant large or
medium sized potatoes whole, or to cut them to one,
two or three eyes. That it requires less seed to plant
an acre when the potatoes are cut, and that the
smaller the pieces the farther they will go in plant-
ing, requires but little knowledge of arithmetic to
compute, but the question of cutting at all, and the
best methods of cutting as a matter of jirofit is a
problem which has not yet been satisfactory solved.

When seed is scarce and dear there is not much
doubt that cutting is advisable, and probably with
great painstaking and excellent cultivation, cutting
to a single eye may be the best. I once raised a
heaping half bushel of Early Rose potatoes from a
single medium sized potato cut to single eyes and
only one piece planted in a hill. The potato was sent
to me by a friend, and was the first one of the kind I
ever saw.

I have usually had the best sitccess when medium
sized potatoes were planted whole. In one instance
part of the field was planted with whole seed of
medium size, and the remainder with pieces cut to
two and three eyes. The quality of the soil and the
cultivation were the same. The part planted mth
whole seed took the start of the other at first, and
kept it all through the season. The tops were taller
and more stocky, and the yield was the best.

There are some freaks about potatoes I have never
been able to understand, ily father had about an
acre of sod ground on a side hill broken up for pota-
toes. The land was clay loam and considerably mix-
ed with small flat stones. It had been seeded down
with clover and timothy for several years, but the
clover had mostly run out. A moderate coat of
manure was spread on the surface and plowed under.
The plowing was badly done, the horses having been
idle, wanted to go fast, and the plowman did not try
to restrain them. The conseqiience was the plow was
out of the ground about half the time, and the plow-
man did not back up to plow the balks.

It was harrowed, furrowed in rows about three feet
apart each way, and planted the forepart of May.
The cultivation was wirh a small plow, the potatoes
were hoed well twice and hilled up. The tops were
still green at digging time, and the yield prodigious.
The season was favorable for potatoes, everybody had
good crops, but nobody in our neighborhood had any-
thing that would begin to compare with ours. I have

tried that same ground several times since with pota-
toes and taken all the pains in the world in manuring,
plowing and cultivating, but have never succeeded in
equalling that crop, nor have I ever seen it equalled.
I do not think it was the poor plowing that made the
crop so good. It was good in spite of the unfavorable
conditions. But why ?

I once manured part of a potato field and left the
remainder without manuring. After haying came
on the cultivation was neglected, and the part that
was maniired became very weedy. I inquired of the
man who dug the potatoes how they were turning out.
He said : "Pretty fair, but they are a great deal the
best where the weeds are the highest!" It was true.
Both the potatoes and weeds were the biggest where
the manure was put. There was plenty for both, so
they did not quarrel. The potatoes would no doubt
have been better had the weeds been kept down.
Weeds injure potatoes more than corn, because the
corn soon overtops the weeds and shades them.

Another time I had potatoes on a field that was all
manured, but part of the manure was full of weed
seed, and the part of the field on which it was placed
was quite weedy at digging time, and the other part
entirely clean. There was not much observable dif-
ference in the yield where the ground was weedy and
where it was clean, but the surprising thing about it
was that where the weeds grew there was scarcely a
rotten potato to be found in the hills, but where the
ground was clean, nearly all were rotten. It was the
blight, or black rot, which was very prevalent that
season. Some may be dis230sed to doubt this state-
ment, but there is no mistake about the potatoes being
much the soundest among the weeds, but why they
should be so I cannot tell.

It will seem to corroborate the theory of the Ver-
mont man who claimed to have discovered a remedy
for the potato blight by covering the hills with a
mulch of straw to shade the potatoes, and shield them
from the scalding rays of the sun after a. rain. It
•.vould seem also to disjjrove the theory that the rot is
a sporadic disease caused by a fungus growth of
microscopic, parasitic plants, which have taken root
on the pot;ftto leaves and makes them wither and die,
1 ike the leaves on a blighted pear tree.

According to my experience sod ground that has
raised potatoes one year will produce a better crop
the next year, provided the season is as favorable. I
planted an acre of thick timothy sod ground which
was broken up in tiie spring and well tended. The
yield was fair. The next spring I planted the same
ground again, and broke up another acre adjoining
it, and planted both at the same time with the same

400

THE SOUTHEKX PLAXTEK.

[Juue

kind of seed. Boili patches received the same tillage,
!)iit the acre lliat had grown potatoes the year before
jiroduced the larger yield. We wonld naturally sup-
jiose that a crop of potatoes would extract from the
soil some of its most available and valuable consti-
tuents, and that the second crop on the same ground,
not finding- so ready a supply of nutriment, would
iiave been poorer than the first, and poorer than the
adjoining acre, which had been broken up that spring.
I have seen good jwtatoes raised by planting them
en top of a thick sod without any plowing or eulti
vatiug whatever, merely covering the seed thickly
with straw and putting on a little more straw as the
tops come up tiirough it. There was a fair yield;
they were easily dug (by removing the straw), and
were as clean and bright as if they had been washed.
Where did those potatoes get their food to make their
growth { The roots had not penetrated the sod, and
the straw had not rotted at digging time. Where did
they find the starch, potash and other ingredients of
which they were composed ? J. W. Ixgh.^m.

CLOVER AND GRASS IN EASTERN VIRGINIA.

Editor Southern Flanler:

Knowing what a great friend you are to clover^
cow peas, the vetch, etc., etc., I want to report to you
a little circumstance which happened recently.

In company with our photographer, we were ex-
l)loring some of the berry fields of this section, for
the purpose of securmg some photos for advertising
purposes.

After we had secured our views and turned our
faces cityward again, we passed a field thickly set in
white and red clover, with the white clover predomi-
nating.

In the midst of the field was a Jersey cow, grazing
contentedly and literally and actually leg deep in
clover. The cow was a Ijeautiful Jersey, a typical
cow, and such as slioidd l)e seen by the dozen on every
farm in Eastern Virginia.

The sight was such an attractive one, from an agri-
cultural staudi)oint, that we had the photograj)her
lake a photograph of the "cow in clover.''

You know, Mr. Editor, that it is generally sup-
juised and slated tliat grass will not grow in Eastern
\'irginia, and it seems to be the general supposition
of people throughout the country in general that
clover and other grasses will not do well in Virginia,
csjiccially in Eastern Virginia. Now, the fact is
riglu' here. Our berry growers are compelled to
fight the clover to kcc|) it from taking their l)erry

fields, but the third year the "pesky stuff" takes the
berry fields, and really drives the trucker out.

Now the clover in which our Jersey cow was con-
tentedly grazing come in as a volunteer crop. In
July, 1!>02 (last summer), the farmer dug his crop
of Irish potatoes. After digging he harrowed the
ground down smooth and level, and the crab grass at
once took the field. Later in the season he cut fully
one and one-half tons of crab gi-ass to the acre, worth
ou the farm $10 per ton.

This spring on this same land the white and red
(•lo\-er has come in almost as thick as if it had been
soM-ed by hand, and a first class stand secured.

Xature seems to be trying her best to make man
understand that grass, especially clover, will grmv
iiere in Eastern Virginia. Keep the stock off this
volunteer patch of clover and it will make a first class
meadow, from which can be cut, during the ensuing
three years, a paying crop of grass, especially when
we consider that hay is now retailing at twenty dol-
lars per ton.

All that is needed on any farm in Eastern Virginia
is simply to consider the matter of growing clover.
I>et the farmer start in with a little clover seed, and
feeil the clover to his stock, thus getting the seed well
scattered in the manure, and that manure scattered
upon the surface of the soil and nature will do the
rest, especialh- if he kee^is a few sheep and some cows.

The "pesky stuff," the clover, which our truck
farmers fight as they would a noxious weed, secures
a foothold here and there and flourishes luxuriantly,
because this is emphatically a clover section. The
crimson clover does remarkably well, also white and
red clover, also the cow pea, also the veteh, also divers
and sundry other grasses.

Xo man living cotdd see the old cow in the volun-
teer clover field and truthfullv sav that clover will

not grow ii
X or foil

Eastern Virginia.
Va.

A. Jeffers.

Plaster of Paris will fill floor cracks as well as a
more expensive filler, or one that is harder to prepare.
Paint as soon as dry and follow with a prepared
hardwood finisli. Mix only a small amount of plas-
ter of Paris at a time and apply as rapidly as possible
with a putty knife. Filling cracks in the floor and
about the base boards is a wise precaution against
oarpet bugs and moths, and is not half so tedious as
i-emoving the carpets every few days to destroy the
Inigs as some house keepers must do all summer in a
house badlv infested.

I'.ioa.]

THE SOUTHERN PLANTER

THE

Southern Planter

i-UBI-ISHED BY

IHE SOUlHfRN PLANIER POBLISHiNG COiPT.

richmond, va.

Issued on 1st of each Month.

PUBLISHER'S NOTES.

J. F. JACKSON,
Editor and General Manager.

B. MORGAN SHEPHERD,
Business Manager.

TERMS FOR ADVERTISING.
Rate card furnished on application.

TERMS FOR SUBSCRIPTION

»„T"^-,,^°^7'"^KN PLANTER is mailed to

subscribers in the United States and Canada

?he citv^n? r"°„""' ?'lf°'-^ign countries and
cne city of Richmond, T3c

RE.MITTANCES should be made direct to
tnis office either by Registered Letter or
Money Order, which will be at our risk When
made otherwise we cannot be responsible

WE INVITE FARMERS to write us on any

aRricultural topic. We are always pleased to

H^f'c: "'■'"'";?'" articles. Criticism of Arti-

PLAnIf^ 'n"' ■'^r '° I'^P™^" THE
PLANTER, Descriptions of New Grains

?a?tlcu,»r,'f,''^'"'' °'" generally known!
Particulars of Experiments tried, or Improved

llml InLr^l'",-''""'''' "^ each 'and aU wel-
come. Contributions sent us must not be
furnished other papers until after therhavl

wm hrret,'° T «°'"°'°^- Rejected matte?
will be returned on receipt of postage

ALWAYS GIVE THE NAME of the Post-
Offlce to which your paper is sent. Your

thiols done"' ''*' '"""'' °" °"'' ^°°^^ "°'®^^
SUBSCRIBERS falling to receive their paper
promptly and regularly, will confer a favor
by reporting the fact at once.

«,w?- °^'^'^ °^ ■^'OUR LABEL shows to
what time your subscription is paid

NO ANONYMOUS communications or en-
quiries will receive attention

Address- THE SOUTHERN PLANTER.

RICHMOND, VA.

TO ADVERTISERS.

All advertisements and matter
IDertaining to advertising must
reach iis by the 25th of each
month. Please bear this in mind.

DETAIL INDEX TO ENQUIRER'S
COLUMN.

Covering Cow Peas — Cow Peas and

Corn 37S

Lettuce Growing 37g

Cougti in Hogs 378

Cress Salad 378

Veterinary Colleges 378

Cow Peas as Improvers — Compost. 379

Sheep Sorrel — Sheep 379

Plants for Name 373

Crimson Clover 379

Gasoline Engine 379

Asparagus Growing 3S0

Barn Building 380

Broken Cow Peas 381

Teocinte 381

Japan Clover 381

Hen Manure — Prevention of Lice

in Hen Roost 381

Cow Peas in Corn 382

Cement Walls for an Ice House. ... 382

SPECIAL OFFER.

For 25 cents we will send the
Southern Planter for the re-
mainder of this year (June to De-
cember inclusive) to any one who
is not now a subscriber. We make
this liberal offer in order to induce
a large number of farmers to send
us at least a trial subscription.
We will gTeatly appreciate it if our
subscribers will bring this notice
to the attention of their friends.
They will thereby do us a favor
and indirectly help themselves.
Eeinember, this offer is. for new
subscribers only. We have an-
other offer, which we make to those
already on our list. Eemittances
can be sent in the most convenient
form, coin, stamps or money or-
der.

Our Oldest Subscribers.

We have quite a number of sub-
scribers on our list who have been
receiving the Southern Planter
since it was established in 1840.
We are gratified to receive this let-
ter from our friend, Mr. W. T.
Harris, of Louisa county :

He writes as follows: "I have
been a reader of tjie Southern
Planter since 1840, and I con-
sider it the best agricultural paper
])ublished in the United States for
a Virginia farmer."

It is needless to say that Mr.
Harris Avill read the Southern
PiANTEE the remainder of his
days, which we hope will be many.

401
WOOD'S SEEDS.

Plant Wood's
Prize Head
Late Flat
Dutch Cabbage

FOR LATE FALL AND WINTER CROP,

Our customers pronounce it,

" The finest Cabbage for winter
I have ever grown."

*' The best late Cabbage I have
ever planted."

"Makes the largest and most
solid heads of any late Cabbage
grown in this section."

i „l D ,' ?''***?^ P^'""- See page 17 of Wood's
Seed Book for la03, tor further information about
Late Cabbage Seed. Wood's Seed Book mailed
rREE on request.

T. W. WOOD &. SONS,

SEED GROWERS AND MERCHANTS,

RICHMOND, VA.

^EEBNER'S ENSILAGE CUTTER.

alks. rendennir them palatable. Stock greatly relish

A 15.00 a

JBhredder, Rujii irltiiieutpower Uged f tti nn a r ~'

I ^n!!!""" ''••PP"'>'1 to Puroplog. obumlng.gTffdJnc .(('"cltaloe fr<«.

I HEEByEK JL- SOXS, 85 Broad St.. Lanndale/Pa.

A BARGAIN.

1 AULTMAN-TAYLOR SEPARATOR, 27 inch

cylinder. Good as new, $125 UU.

i:«Piui:^/«T\.,P°u^'' AULTMAN-TAYLOR
ENGINE, (Baby Elephant,) $200.00.

DISCOUNT FOK Cash.

Address D, s. GLENN, Prospect, Va.

SEPARATORS AND POWERS.

Sweeppowers.CornShellers. Feed Mills .steel KolteS.Mo
Rakes, Cultivators. Saws. Enfrines— 3 to 2j II. I'.. mountedM
stationary. The UcBslnger Mfe. Co., Tatamy, Pa.

To iSubsa-ibers:

Our readers will confer a verv
great favor upon iis bv promptly
notifying us of a change in their

UB "Wsbsr JunFor" fi /' VI "^'""n '^^ *> •»■

•»u l> wwbl JUIIIUl U j tach to pump. Equal! 30 man

f^umper

lade. Eajy to ftart, any

can opernte it. Every

guarftnteed. Other aizes

■ fiOa.P. Send for cat-

Wober Qu A O&aglinn

Engin« Co., Box laS

402

THE SOUTHERN PLANTER.

J unc

l)ost-officp addresses. We es-
pecially desire to know this in tlu
ease of free delivery being estal'
lished. It is absolutely impossi-
ble for us to keep up with our
large list of names, as changes are
made so frequently and rapidly.

We receive a supplement to the
Postal Guide every mouth, but we
frecpiently send copies of the
SoiTUF.nx Plantkk and lalters
to post-offices after they have been
abolished, thereby causing both us
and our readers delay and annoy
ance.

Kindly let us know promptly
when your free delivery is estab
lisiied.

WITH THE ADVERTISERS.

The St. Omer Herd of Jersey Cattle
has an ad. in this issue.

The Southwest Virginia Land
Agency offers some choice farms for

Heebner & Sons have a couple of ads.
olsewhcre in this issue. One offers
their tread power and the other en-
silage cutter.

White Yorkshire Pigs are offered by
Mr. H. H. Clark.

The Virginia Polytechnic Institute
offers its Jersey Herd Bull to prevent
inbreeding.

Mr. Warren Rice offers some splen-
did Shropshires in this number.

The Lyon"s Washing Machine re-
sumes its advertising in this issue.

H. A. S. Hamilton & Sons, of Shad-
well, Va., are offering some choice
slock, which they removed from ■'Hill
Top." near Staunton. Va.

Messrs. W. M. Watkins & Son. pro-

$100 REWARD, $100.

The readers of this paper will be
pleased to learn that there is at least
one dreaded disease that science has
been able to cure in all its stages, and
that is Catarrh. Hall's Catarrh Cure
is the only positive cure known to the
medical fraternity. Catarrh being a
constitutional disease, requires a con-
stitutional treatment. Hall's Catarrh
Cure Is taken Internally, acting direct-
ly upon the blood and mucous surfaces
of the system, thereby destroying the
foundation of the disease and giving
the patient strength by building up the
constitution and assisting nature in
doing its work. The proprietors have
so much faith In its curative powers
that they offer One Hundred Dollars
for any case that it fails to cure. Send
for list of testimonials.

Addrees. F. J. Chkxey & Co.,
Toledo, 0.

Sold by druggists, 75c.

Hall's Family Pills are the beat.

ORDER AND SEE THAT YOU GET

Pasteur Black Leg Vaccine

If not obtainable from dealers, refuse substitutes and wire your
order to us. Over 20,000,000 calves successfully vaccinated with
the original Vaccine during the last eighteen years. Powder form
and C!ord form both for Single and Double treatment,

PASTEUR VACCINE COMPANY, Ld.,

CHICAQO - NEW YORK, - FT. WORTH - SAN FRANCISCO.

HbcBnEn o UT«iTrfa<i

and Little Giant Thresher and Cleaner

tbrdihln

1. o^llndcr. nil

or • whoU ndibborbood tqullr wM Oaa be

Ttia thrMhar U iikMl* in thrvviUM, 31,
» ilmple.MiTlohmBdla.llfbt ranitlBX,
machlM. Will ihrMk wd al««n whMt, rj», g*H

•Off bum, tlmothj. bM. C»p»clt7 300 to WO bu». lU-
iToUiorp*»«rlfpwforT«d, TrMd pow-

H EEB?(EB A BONB, No. th

Ikd SU. IjlBMlftl«, Pft.

JEnil-

1903.]

THE SOUTHERN PLANTER.

403

Qade.

"THE INVINCIBLE"

-jePOTATO PLANTERS^-

is the most practical and successful hand 2°-
tato planter made. Will not clog, but under
all conditions does perfect work. Only
planter made with open wire sleeve. A boy-
can plant from four to six acres a day
an Invincible Planter. Strongly r
Handles unbreakable and adjustable.
Read these unsolicited letters:
Gentlemen.— I am very high-
ly pleased with the Invincible
Potato Planter. Would not
take $10 if I could not get an-
other. Not every farmer can
afford to buy a $100 two-horse
planter to use only for a day
or two and stand idle the rest
of the year.

L. H. SNOW, iBvlHrll
Phoenixville. Conn, imilim
Read this: Pi

Gentlemen,— I bought *| ,
one of your Invincible I Ifllll
Potato Planters as a trial
sample last year anc
think it equal to. an extra
man. besides being r
good back saver.

C. W. GRIGGS,
Rose Valley, Pa.

Reliable Agents Wanted.
Any farmer can sell Invincible Planters
sight. Write for terms.

Circulars Free.

H. H. WABERS M'F'G. Co..

Racine. Wis.

Just Ask the Horse.

RED RIPPER !p%^

Press

he will tell you that it is the lightest running press in the
market. A lever gives the compression, and thepowerin-
creases with the resistance.but the horse doesn't know that.
He knows that it is just as easy at the end of the stroke as
it is at the heginning. The Red Ripper has an easy capacity
20 bales per hour. Itis alow priced, in fact, the lowest
priced hay press in the market, and so strong and simple
It never gets out of repair. It can be loaded on a farm wagon.
Our 24 page Catalogue No. 433 tells you more and contains
many testimonials v.e have received from Red Ripperpur-
chasers. Distributing points. Baltimore, Memphis, Cincin-
"^^'- Address SIKES MFC. CO., Helena, Georgia.

THE ''ELI

King of
Balers.

Proves its superior-
ity wherever it goes. -_—.<::.
Makes tight shapely bales.aot ^^jff ®® ®'»''
loose bundles, works fast, ^ai^^ "nd Size:
avoids accidents and endures. Little draft, tremendous
power, k m»obiDa of speolal fiaturcs. Writ« for free Eli caUloguo.
Collins Plow Co., 1 1fiS Hampshiro St., Quincy, 111.

A Consta-rvt Stream

RIFE

HYDR.AVLIC

ENGINE.

water automalicallv. Better than any
ngine or wind mill. Sold on 30
Days Trial. Fully guaran-
teed. Catalogue free.

RIFE ENGINE CO.,
126 Liberty St., New York.

NO HUMBUG.

prietors of the Cottage Valley Stock
Farm, i-enew their advertising contract
tor another year, beginning with this
issue. Aberdeen-Angus cattle are their
specialty.

The Bowniont Farms report an "ava-
lanche of orders and letters for large
Yorkshires, as well as Jerseys."

St. Albans Schooi has a quarter page
ad. in another column. Parents con-
templaiiiig sending their sons to col-
lege this tall should look into the
merits of this splendid school. Pro-
fessor Randolph will cheerfully an-
.t^wer all correspondence.

The types showed an error in the
n^ldress of Mr. John P. Mays' ad. in our
last issue. It should have been Glen-
coe, Md. He offers the "Maryland
.Strain" of Brown Leghorns.

A useful little tool is Cronk's Staple
Puller, advertised by the Cronk &
Carrier Manufacturing Co., Elmira.
N. Y.

"The Wise Man's Wagon" is what
tlie Electric Wheel Co., of Quincy, III.,
calls its low-down farm wagon. And
it doesn't miss the mark much, either,
as an e.vamination into its merits easily
prove.

Frazer Axle Grease is offered to our
readers year in and year out. And
numbers of them use it for exactly the
same period.

Well Drilling Machines are adver-
tised by the Loomis Machine Co., Tif-
fin. O.

Fleming Brothers' Live-Stock Reme-
dies are offered our readers in their
ad. in another column. This well-
known firm of chemists have an en-
viable reputation honestly earned.

John E. Heatwole advertises thirty-
two varieties of pure bred poultry. Get
his catalogue.

A, T. Matthews, owner of the Leg-
horn Poultry Yards, has renewed his
ad. for another term.

Baker's Jack Farm offers 150 jacks
and jennets, and some well bred Per-
cheron stallions.

Mr. T. P. Braswell, Battleboro, N. C,
has some nice Jersey bulls and heifers
for sale. His prices are very low, con-
sidering the breeding of his stock.

Mr. E. G. Butler has some choice
Berkshires, as well as Herefords. Look
up his advertisements.

Essex pigs can be had of L. G. Jones,
Bethania, N. C.

Thr, Castalia Herefords are in fine
shape. Mr. Boocock invites inspection.
There's good blood and farmers' prices
combined in his offerings.

J. E. Wing & Co. are offering their
celebrated Dorsets in this number.

The American Seeding Machine Co.
has a seasonable ad. in this issue.

Chloro-Naptholeum Dip Is a great
lice killer, and every farmer should
keep some handy.

The Elkhart Carriage and Harness
Manufacturing Co. change their ad. in
this issue. Look up the offering for
this month.

De Loach saw-mills are advertised
in another column. Look up the ad.

Wise Man's
Wagon.

The man who has had experience
in running a wagon knows that it
is the wheels that determine the
life of the wagon itself. Our

ELEGTRIG mllh

. idth of tireup toSiiichesT Witha set of tiic_,
wheels you cam in a few minutes have either a high
oi; a low down -wapon. The Elet-trle llonily
Wairon is made by skilled workmen, of best select-
ed material— white hickory axles, steel av heels, steel
hounds, etc. Guaranteed to carry -lOOOlbs. Here is
the wai^ron that will save money for you, as it
lasts almost foiever. Ourcatalog describing the uses
of these wlieels and wagons sent free. Write tor it.

ELECTRIC WHEEL CO., BOX 146 QUINCY, ILLINOIS.

WE'LL PAY THE FREIGHT

id send 4 Buggy Wheclh, Steel Tiru ob, . $7.2&
j With Rubbwr Tlrea, ^l&.UO. I mfg. wheels ?i lo 4 in.
f trcftd. Top Bugglea, 828.75; Harness, $3.60. Write foi

catalogue. Learn how to buy vehicler " ^ -.;----

Wago. '

1 Umbrella FBEE. W, V. BOOB, ClneinaaU, O

Chamberlin Mfg. Co., Clean, N. Y., U. S. A.

STUMP PULLER

Most Powerful, Handiest
and Strongest Built in
the World.

Catulofirue.

CHICISO STUMP ■ACIIINE BTO. Mk

JOB 1^ Stile Street, Ckl««»o, IB.

HERCULES STUMP PULLER

Clears an acre of heavy timber land each day.
Clears all stumps in a circle of l&O ft. without
moTlng or changing machine, Strongest, most
rapid working and best made.
Hercules Mfg. Co., 413 17th St., Centrevllle, Iowa.

404

THE SOUTHEUX PLAXTEK.

[June

Is It Harness

or any sort of vehicle that will
claim }-our attention this spring?
Just a word before you buy.
There's a standard. A guarantee
of absolute worth, highest service,
longest life, most perfect adapta-
bility in

St\idebaker

Vehicles and Ha.rness.

rt afford to experii

.•ithi

itried
1 first

goods for the sake of a small 5-....^ — ".^.
cost. Don't make the mistake of looking
only at the price, and getting shoddj" goods.
Quality should be the first thought and
that's where Studebaker's count. Stude-
baker'ssell at honest piices and you are
sure of value for your good money. Stude-
baker dealer in most every town. See him.
Postal us for a catalog and particulars.

StudebaLker Bros. Mf^.Co.f

GET A&OOD
iW^IND MILL

Dnn'l buy a poor wind mill. Don t
pay a double price. Send direct to
our factory for cata'ogue of the

FreemaLrv
Steel Wind Mills

nn<i four post ant;lc steel towers. A
complete line of pumping and power
mills of the highest tirade at extreme-
ly low prices. We can save you

ney (

;icle

S. Freeman <ZL Sons Mf j. Co.,
110 H&millon Si., Racine, Wi>.

1 Incline of Fcc.l.i

MARK YOUR STOCK.

, . rSE THE . .

KENTUCKY ALUMINUM EAR LABEL

Mad* by K. H. .T.u K.wis i Cii., Winchester. Ky.
Write to them for free siimples.

if you wish to know about a really
cheap saw-mill.

The Chicago House Wrecking Co.
nas a very attractive offer in another
part of this issue. All sorts of farm
supplies are offered at very low prices.

The Acme Churn is being invest!
sated by numbers of our farmers and
lairynien. Refer to the ad. and send
for fuller description.

Any one wanting a fine Virginia
plantation, fertile soil, fully stocked
and o(|Uipped can hear of an excep-
tional offer by addressing "X.." care
the Southern Planter. The owner will
exchange for town or city income
property.

CHESAl'EAKE & OHIO RAILWAY.

Interchangeable Mileage Tickets. —
Commencing June 1, 1903, interchange-
able 1,000 mile refund tickets will be
placed on sale, limited to one year
from date of issue, good only for
transportation of owner with 150
pounds of baggage.

These tickets will be good over the
following lines suljject to certain re-
strictions and limitations:

Baltimore & Ohio R. R. east of the
Ohio river; Pennsylvania R. R., Lehigh
Valley R. R.. Erie R. R. east of Sus-
pension Bridge and Jamestown; Dela-
ware, Lackawanna & Western R. R.,
Chesapeake and Ohio Railway east of
and including Huntington, W. Va.

These tickets will be sold at rate of
$30.00 each, subject to refund of $10.00
on surrender of cover to the Trunk
Line Mileage Ticket Bureau, 143
Liberty street. New York city, within
IS months from date of purchase, mak-
ing net rate $20.00.

This form of ticket has been ar-
ranged for in deference to the wishes
of patrons of the various lines who de-
sire one mileage ticket good over sev-
eral lines.

Agents at principal Chesapeake and
Ohio stations will give further infor-
mation regarding tickets on applica-
tion.

HEEBNER THRESHERS AND
POWERS.

Two machines which go hand in
hand upon the farm, allowing the
owner to do for himself what would
cost him a considerable sum if he had
to hire, are the Heebner Threshers
and Cleaners, and the Level Tread
Powers. Both represent high types of
usefulness, as. well they might, for
they hare been manufactured by one
concern, the Heebners, father and sons,
at Lansdale. Pa., for upwards of sixty
years. They are the product of a re-
gion where people were taught to be-
lieve that the surest way to get on in
the world was to do for themselves.
These machines make that possible.
The powers can be put to dozens of
different uses upon the farm besides
threshing. The threshers have a ca-
pacity of from 200 to 500 bushels per
day. The owner of one easily does his
own threshing, and may quickly re-

W C M DRILLING

lYIACHINES

The roost successful mouey-making ma-
chines ever made. Also machines for boring
wells with augers by horse power. Write
us if you mean business.
Loomis Machine Co., Tiffin, Ohio.

SE PARATOR

FOB SALr OR EXCHAMGE

A De Laval Huiuming BirdS.^parator,
u perfectcondition, used about 20 times;
will sell cheap for cash or will exchange
for a pure-bred Bull Calf of any Beef
Breed — ■Polled preferred.

W. H. MacNAIR, Tarboro, N. C.

ROUND SILO

THE PHILADELPHIA.

The only Perfect Continuous Open Front
SILO made. See Open-Top Patent Roof. Ask
tor Catalogue. E. F. SCHLICHTER.

321 Vine St.. Philadelphia, Pa.

.-Mso made in the West by Duplex Mfg.
Co., South Superior. Wis.

CRONK'S

Improved!
Staple Pullef

IS AT THE FRONT. Ask your dealer to show

it Thro*^ wire cutters, two hamuiers, two spiicinti
clamps— all in one tool A Staple Puller th. twill
pull staples when no otuer make will. A cutier tliat
will reaca wire when tlie button cutter will not. One
day's use will save t he cost o£ it. <1.««. postage paid
CKONK & CARKIEK MFG. CO., KLmira.N. ¥.

SAN JOS^ SGAiE'anr'cTn':'^

OHH JUOw WUHLL jjoii^j by using

GOOD'S CAUSTIC POTASH

WHALE OIL SOAP. No. 3.

It also prevents Curl Leaf. Endorsed by en-
tomologists. This soap Is a fertilizer as well as
Insecticide 50 lb. kegs, $2.50; 100 lb. kegs. J4 50.
Half barrels, 270 lbs., at 3^c per lb.; barrels.
426 lbs., at S^ic. Large quantities, special rates,
Send for circular.

JAMES GOOD,
939— 41 N. Front St., philaoelphi*. p«.

FRAZER

Axle Grease .^iz'JrV

Its wearing qualities are unsurpassed, ac-
tually outlasting 3 bxs. anv other brand,
Not affected bv heat. «ff-Gct the Genuine.
FOR S-\LK BY ALL 1>1v\L1;KS.

prices lor
Writi' li>r
prices. (
at $2.50.

LYONS WASHING MACHINE CO., Lyons, Mich.

A neat Binder for your back num-
bers can be had for 25 cents. Address
our Business Office.

1903.]

THE SOUTHERN PLANTER.

405

WIRE FENCE.

Heavy lateral wires, heavy hard steel stays.
coiled spring wire. Sure Grip lock. In
strength, appearance and durability, the
Hard Steel cannot be excelled. Write for
catalogue and prices.

THE H.\RD STEEL WIRE FENCE CO..
Cuyahoga Falls, Ohio.

fEm

s time, tem-
per, teams and
trouble. Works
all the time, looks
well any time and
pays for itself in a
shurt time.

Geiiuine Spiral Spring Wire
FENCES AND KATES

If your dealer does not have our
goods in stock you can buj' direct
at Manufacturers' Price, Write
for Catalogue and secure agency.

INTERNATIONAL FENCE AND F. CO.
Columbus, Ohio.

Page Poultry Fence

Heaviest aud etrongeet made— fences poultry IN and
stock OUT. Dealers don't keep it. Write us.
PAiiEWOVEM \VlKEFEStKCO.,ADUlA>,JIICH.

^is^g^gvf) Li^ LAWN FENGE

Special Prii;
terlesandChDrchea. Addresr
COILED SPBINQ FENCE CO.
Box U. Wisoheater. la*

FENCE!;

STROmCESt

MADE. BnU

fltrong;. Chlekeo^
tight. Sold to the Farmer aC Wholeuk
Prieea. 9vWj Wamuit«d. Catalog Freft

COIL£D SPBISG FEKC8 CO..
Box 6a irinebMUr, lodlRoA, U. B. A.

To HOMESEEKERS.

"THE BUSINESS OF FARMING
IN VIRGINIA."

Is the title of a new pamphlet Issued by the
Norfolk and Western Railway Company. We
.will gladly mail you a copy.
W^ B. BEVILL. PAUL SCHERER. Agt.,
G. P. A.. Lands and Immigration,
Roanoke. Va.

WE HAVE A LARGE LIST OF

FRUIT, POULTRY and TRUCK FARMS

Ten, Fifty and One Hundred Acres each, with

good buildings, close to steam and trolley

Hues, easy access to the city. Also

GRAIN AND .-lOCK FARMS

From 100 to 1. 000 acres at low prices all the

way from $5 to $50 per acre. Write for

Catalogue.

THE VIRGINIA LAND AGENCY. Richmond. Va.

J. R. HOCKADAY, Manager.

cover the entire cost by threshing for
his neighbors. All grains and grasses
are within their compass, and they
come from the machine ready for the
bin. An advertisement will be found
elsewhere in these columns. It should
suggest to readers that it is as good a
plan to do for one's self, to be inde-
pendent of the coming of the thresher-
man, and to save where savings can so
easily be made.

GWAIAKOWB.

Gwaiakowe is an Indian word, and
means "Corn is King." In America
corn is indeed the king of cereals, the
grain alone being valued at consider-
ably more than $1,000,000,000, which
is more than double the value of the
wheat and oat crops combined. In
addition to the grain value of the crop,
the stalks when shreaded are worth as
much as the ears, and hence the Mc-
Cormick corn binder and the McCor-
mick busker and shredder have en-
aoled the corn grower to double the
^alue (if his crop. A beautifully illus-
trated book, entitled "King of the Corn
Field," will be mailed free to readers
of the Planter upon request. Write
to the nearest McCormick agent.

The proper ripening and maturing
of whiskey depends on the care and
method of storage. The warehouses of
the Hayner Distilling Company are of
the most modern and improved style,
constructed entirely of brick and steel
and equipped with the hot air system
of healing and ventilating, which
keeps the whiskey at a uniform tem-
perature the year round. As a result
their 7-year-old is as fully developed
as 14-year-old aged in the ordinary,
old-fashioned way, and it's better, too,
for an uneven temperature of extreme
heat and cold destroys the quality and
flavor.

During the entire process of manu-
facture and from the time it is stored
in barrels in their warehouses, until
seven years later, it is bottled and
shipped, Hayner Whiskey is under the
watchful care of ten of Uncle Sam's
Government officials. It goes direct
from their lUstillei-y to you, with all
its original richness and flavor, carries
a United States Registered Distillers'
guarantee of purity and age, and saves
you the enormous profits of the deal-
ers. Read the Hayner Co.'s offer else-
where in this paper.

used for years with splendid

Results.

Greensboro, N. C, Oct. .5, 1902.
The Lawrence-Williams Co., Cleveland,
Ohio:
Please find enclosed check for $1.50,
for which please send me one bottle ot
GOMBAULT'S CAUSTIC BALSAM. I
have used it for years with splendid
results. — T. M. Arr.vsmitii.

A neat Binder for your back num-
bers can be had for 25 cents. Address
our Business Ofl9ce.

UnMCQ AND THE PLACE TO
nUmtO FIND THEM. . .

No place in the United States can a
man do so well at farming, for tt e money
invested, as in Virginia. Lands are
cheap; climate good, and the best of
markets close at hand. It is the State
of all others, for a comfortable all the
year round home. The James Kiver
V'^aUey Colonization and Improvement
Company offer superior advantages to
land purchasers. For free 36 page land
pamphlet, address

W. A. PARSONS, Vinita, Va.

C etc Main St. Depot Richmond, Va.

IF YOU WISH TO sell"

VIRGINIA LANDS

Communicate with us. Write for tree
"Virginia Real Estate Journal," con-
taining many splendid bargains.
R. B. CMAFFIN & CO., Inc ,

No. 1 N lOth St , Richmond. Va

NICE FARM FOR SALE

on the Lynchburg and Durham R R. at
Winfall, Va , laying on both sides of
track, over 300 acres, good buildings.
THOS. QOUQH, Lynchburg, Va.

VrRGINIA FARMS

$3 PER ACRE AND UPWARDS.

EASr PAYMENTS. CATALOGUE FREE.

GEO. E. CRAWFORD & CO., Richmond, Va.

Established 1875.

tTe DIVIO NT f^i^^

Good land, climate, markets, shipping fa-
cilities, churches, schools, good health, mode-
rate prices, easy terms.

HACON & CO., - Orange, Va.

riUr rADK/IO 'u the great fruit grain and
rillt rAnlflO stoclj section of VIRGINIA.

jiest climate and water in the U. S. Near great
marliets, witli best educational advantages.
For further information, address

ALBEMARLE IMMIGRATION CO.,
Sam'l B. Wooiis, Pres Cbarlottesvllle, Va.

VIRGINIA FARMS

All prices and sizes. Free list on application.
WM. B. PIZZINI CO., Richmond. Vh.

For full par-
ticulars write
A. JEFFERS,
Norfolk, Va.

Qo South.

BLUE GRASS FARMS and MINERAL LANDS.

Send for Frei- Krai E-^liite Hulletiu.
Soutltwestern Va. Land Agency. Wylheville, Va.

/ Can Sell Your Farm

no matter where it is. Send desiirii tion, state pncc Ana
leani how. Est. "96. Highest references. Offices in 14 cities,

W. AU Oftrander, is.s.iN. A. Bide.. Philadelphia

Mention the Southern Planter in
writing.

406

THE SOUTHERN PLANTER.

[Juno

ELMWOOD NURSERIES,

ASPARAGUS

100,000 2-yr. old AsparajrJS roots,
5 varieties. A .special rate of $o.-50
per 10"0 for 2 mos. for BAKR'b,
PALMETTO, CONOVER.

APPLES

A large jteneral assortment, in-
cluding WINE8APS and YORK
IMPERIAL.^.

Splendid Assortment

of Ornamental, Shade

and Fruit Trees.

from B. P. Rocks. Light
Brahmas, Brown Leg-
h ,rns at Jl.OO per 13. "

[

WRITE FOR OUR CATALOGUE.

Wood's Farm Seeds.

Cow Peas ana
Soja Beans

Two of the most important crops
for farmers everywhere. Write for
leaflets entitled " Soja Beans vs.
Corn " and " Cow Peas— The
Clover of The South," giving
special information about these
crops. We carry large stocks of all
SEASONABLE FARH SEEDS.
Seed Corn, nillet, Sorghums,
Teosinte, Late Seed Pota-
toes, Crimson Clover,
Buckwheat, etc.

Wood's Seed Book and Special Clrcu>

Bars f^ivlng prices aud seasouable In-
formation, mailed free.

T.W. Wood 8e, Sons, Seedsmen,

RICHMOND,- VIRGINIA,

SOJA BEANS

HoC. PER BU8HEL.

BLACK PBAS

*L10 PER BUSHEL
W. H. WILSON. St. Brides, Va.

EXTRAORDINARY BUGGY OFFER.

The Economy Buggy Co., exclusive
makers of carriage and harness, Cin-
cinnati. Ohio, are building one thou-
sand of their celebrated Economy Ideal
Buggies, which are regularly marketed
at $60, and are, until June 7th only,
offering them to our readers at the low
price of $42.50, throwing in for good
measure with each vehicle, free of all
cost, one Economy Storm Front and
one p:conomy Dust Hood, two essential
anicles for comfort and stylishness,
and costing alone $5.25 in any store.
The terms the Economy Buggy Co. of-
fers are as liberal as the price is low.
They propose to reserve one of these
buggies and storm front and dust
hood for every person who writes them
by .June 7, 1903, and encloses five dol-
lars. Catalogue and descriptive circu-
lars will at ouce be sent the customer.
fully describing all the options as to
build, springs, finish, etc., of which
there are many choices to select from.
If the description fails to please him.
be can at once have his five dollars
reservation returned to him on re-
quest. If he finds the description to
be just what he would expect to pay
$iiO or more for. he can send the
Economy people the balance of $37.50
and shipping directions, and the buggy
— just as ordered and specified — to-
gether with the storm front and dust
hood will be forwarded promptly.

And this is not all. When the bug-
gy arrives, examine it, hitch to it and
try it thoroughly for ten days. It at
the end of that time you are not per-
fectly satisfied with your purchase,
send the buggy back to the factory,
and every dollar of your $42.50 will be
returned.

A neat Binder for your back num-
bers can be had for 25 cents. Address
our Business Office.

BIG SALE OF HEREFORDS.

Messrs. Giltner Bros., of Eminence.
Ky., send us the following item:

We beg to report the following sale
of Hereford cattle to C. E. Clapp, of
Pierryville. Va., which is of special in-
terest, inasmuch as it is the largest
single transaction ever made in Here-
fords south of the Mason and Dixon
line.

After figuring with the leading Here-
lord dealers on both sides of the ocean.
Air. Clapp purchased Acrobat of us at
$3,500, which is the highest price
known to have been paid for a bull of
I. is age (nine years old) in the world,
with the exception of Grove 3d and
Lord Wilton. It is generally conceded
that Acrobat is one of the most phe-
nomenal sires of the breed. There is
hardly a Hereford herd of note in the
United States hut has the blood of thi.s
great sire represented either in their
herd bull or in their leading females.

Mr. Clapp secured fifteen females,
ranging in price from $350 to $000 per
head. This consignment embraces the
very choicest cows of the breed, among
which may be mentioned the cham-
pion show cow, Benison, which won in-
numerable first premiums, and as a
producing cow has to her credit Full-

The corn growers can't afford to
miss this chance of getting some of
the earliest White Corn ever intro-
duced, known as the "WHITE CHAM-
PION." It has been known to have
been harvested in eighty days after
;<lanting. It has a very large, deep-
grained ear, grows tall and makes an
abundance of fodder and feed.

Prict — One Peck, 65c.; Half Busnel,
$1.25; One Bushel, $2.

W. M. WATKINS & SONS,

Randolph, Va.

IIGGS& BEADLES

RULIABLB

SEEDS

Selected SEED CORNS. SOJA and
VELVET BE^NS, COW PEAS,
MILLET and f-ORGHUMS
Write for prices.

DIGGS & BEADLES, Seedesmen,

1711 E. Franklin Street,

- VIRGINIA.

Catalogue mailed FREE.

"Crop Growing
and Crop Feeding."

By Prof. W. f. Massey.
383 Pp. Cloth, $1.00: Paper, 50c.

We offer this splendid work In connec-
tion with the SOUTHERN PLANTER
at the followiug prices:

Southern Planter and Cloth

Bound Volume, $1.25.
Southern Planter and Paper

Bound Volume, 90c.

Old or new subscriptions.

WALTER'S

Piano Exchange

We buy. sell and exchange PIANOS,
do a general musical merchandise
business and take trade.

PRICES THH LOWEST.

TERMS THE BEST.

F. W. WALTER & SON,
Staunton, Va.

1903.]

SHROPSHIRE

THE SOUTHERN PLANTER.

407

Back himbs, yeiirlim; bucks and ewes
for sale; also Poland Chinas, eligil>le to
registry. Pedigrees furnished. Farmers'
prices." J. F. DURKETTE,

Albemarle Uo. Birdwood, Va.

Shropshire Rams.

In this ray annual ottering ot Rams, I feel
safe in saying that it contains one of the best
lot of yearling Rams that has been offered at
the price in the United States for a long time.
These Rams are 14 months old, and weigh
(May l.ith) 150 to 163 pounds, actual weight.
They have individual merit backed by strong
breeding. Careful selection will be made for
parties at a distance.

ENGLISH SETTER PUPS.

(Count Rodo, ex-Gladys R., both prize win-
ners.)

WARREN RICE, Winchester, Va.

"WOODLAND," 239-2569.

Bred by us. The (inest Dorset ram we ever saw.
Is now at the head of our floclt with " WOOD-
LAND,' 24-J.27-i.T Imp.
J. E. WINQ & CO., Mechanicsburg, O,

.♦ 70 Fine Native Ewes ♦♦

FOR SALE.

Each has big, fat, healthy, Grade Dorset
lamb; also a fine, big, Registered DORSET
BUCK; tlie whole flock at reasonable price;
aUo a Stewart Hand Clipping Mactiine, made
by the Flexible .Shaft Co., use<l on 100
gnod as new, .SI 5.
GEO. R. S. CONNELL, Irwin, Va.

DORSETS and HEREFORDS.

I am now ottering my superior herd bull
ROY MAY. .'ioi.^;!: anil somelilie male calves. I
am also booking orders for Dorset rams aud
ram lambs.

H. ARMSTRONfi. LANTZ MILLS, V«.

filler, that stands at the head of Mr.
Sotham's herd. This cow at Sotham's
dispersion sale brought $1,050. She
now has a bull calf at foot by the
$(i,000 Protector.

We have reserved our choicest Acro-
bat heifers, which we are mating to
Britisher. Champion of both England
and America, On this foundation rock
we expect to build up our future herd,
nnd surely from this cross we are jus-
tified in the expectation ot producing
a strain of Herefords second to none.

This firm has an advertisement in
this issue, to which we invite atten-
tion.

STUDEBAKER ORDERS.
Two sales recently made by the Chi-
cago house of the Studebaker Brothers
Manufacturing Co. show which way
the wind is setting with big concerns
that are satisfied with nothing short
of the best to be had in vehicles and
harness. The first was to the Yellow-
stone Park Transportation Company,
the concessionaires under the govern-
ment of the transportation privileges
in the Yellowstone National Park, who
have some 800 iiead of horses in ser-
vice. Some time ago this company
ordered from Studebakers a few sets
of harness, and having tested and com-
pared them with other makes used by
them, quickly followed with an order
tor fifty sets of four-in-hand harness.
The order was placed expressly on the
superior rjuality of the Studebaker
goods. The other sale was to the \V.
C. Walch Co., of Chicago, and consisted
of sixty United States mail wagons
and si.xty sets of harness to go into
the government mail service and to be
made after the approved government
designs aud specifications. These or-
ders, though not of great magnitude
as Studebakers do things, yet indicate
in a forcible way the high standing of
Studebaker goods.

MISSOURI AGRICULTURAL COL-
LEGE — GREATLY INCREASED
ATTENDANCE.

The year just closing has been one
of the most successful in the history
of the Missouri Agricultural College.
The total attendance shows the unpre-
cedented increase of 30 per cent. This
increase is due in considerable
measure to the increase in entrance
requirements. It is also largely to be
attributed to the better facilities for
instruction, which have been provided
through the liberality of the General
.\ssembly. The new horticultural,
dairy and live stock buildings are now
occupied by their respective depart-
ments, and in some cases are already
overcrowded.

Dran K. J. Waters has been appoint-
ed Superintendent of Agriculture at
the St. Louis Exposition, aud has been
.given a leave of absence.

Professor F. B. Mumford has been
appointed Acting Dean of the College
of .Agriculture and Mechanic Arts, and
Acting Director of the Experiment
Station,

Horse Owners! Use

GOMBATJLT'S

Caustic
Balsam

A Safe Speedf and Posilive Cart
The SAfcat, Best BLISTER ever used. Takev
the place of all llDimeou lor miM or severe actioo.
Removes Bunches or Blemishes from Horse*
and Cattle. SUPERSEDES ALL CAUTERY
DR FIRING' imposaible to produce scar or blemish.
Every bottle sold is warranted to give satisfaction
Price Sl,50 per bottle, t^old by druegists, or
Bent by express, charges paid, with full airactiooa
for its u?e. Send lor descriptive circularB.
gHB LAWRENCE-WII^IilAMS CO.. Cleveland CK

Fistula and'
Poll Evil

You can
treiit these
d ise ases

yoi

•If

and cure them in 15 to 30 days. Flem-
ing's P"istula and Poll Evil Cure is easy
to apply, perfectly safe to use, and
your Djoncy is promptly refunded if It
should ever fail to cure.

Interesting Booklets Free.

We have two booklets to send you.
One tells about Fistula, Poll Evil,
Spavin, Ringbone, Curb, Splint, Knee-
Sprung, Lump Jaw, etc, with instruc-
tions bow to cure them.

The other proves that you can cure
thtm. Write to-day.

FLEniNO -^kOS.. ChcmistB,
22 Union Stock Yards. - Chicago. Ill

Shorse colic.

I

N

Send

HORSE COLIC

in 15 minutes at home.
Address —
J. C. PITCHER, - South Boston

DEATH TO HEAVES

KEHTON'S Ue»e, CoDgb, DIa.
temper and ladlgesUo. Cure.

— --ary speci&c for wind.

._. Dealers. Mail or Kx. paid.

Newton Morse Remedy Co.,

Toledo, Uliia.

FOR SALE.

"1 veiv fine Family Orivlng Horses, 0 yrs. old;
1 large Draft Horse. lilOO lbs.

125 extra grade of Breeding Ewes; their lambs
selling at an average of $4 per head. Will be
sold in lots to suit purchasers. Call on or address

JNO. MATHEWS, East Richmond, 'Va.
.'miles east of Kichmond on SevenPines Street,
Cur Line

-SCOTCH COLLIES.-

Beautil'ul pup,s, tine pedi.iiree $."i & S6.
Poland-China pigs, good blood, (no pedi-
gree i J5.

Bulf Ri.cks and E-i:s, .?2.

T. M. WADE, Lexington, Va.

COLLIE PUPS-

Uy Imported Sires sable and white and tri-
colors. Prices. t.stn51-j. t ilderonescorrespond-
inglv low- Book on Training. .W cents: FREE if
you buy a Collie. MAPLKMoNT STOCK FARM,
Albany. Vermont.

4(18

THE SOUTHEElSr PLANTER.

[June

Kentucky
HEREFORDS

Ht'adtd bv the famous

ACROBAT

No. 6S4G() and the celpbratod

inPORTED BRITISHER

No. 14505G Chainrion Bull over all breeds in
England and Grand Sweepstakes Champion
at Chicago 1902 Live Stock Exposition.

We can furnish buyers with anything they
wish from the FANCIEST THAT CAN BE
BRED to the cheaper class usually desired by
the beginner. Write us before buying. Glad
to answer inquiries.

Qiltner Bros., Eminence, Ky.

Hereford Gattle.

A uiuiilier of vouni; Kl•iii^t^:■l■e(i

HERKFOKD Bulls aud Heifers,

not akin, at rea,sonnlile prices.

STONEHURST FRUIT AND STOCK FARM,

Union Mills, Fluvanna Co., \fa

FOR SALE
8 Reg. HEREFORD BULLS

From 6 mos. to 3 yrs. old.

8 Reg. HEIFERS

From 6 to 18 mos. old. At reasonable prices.
HAYFIELDS STOCK FARM. Cockeysville. Md.

ELLERSLIE FARMa<--
Thoronghbred Horees

AND SHORTHORN CAHLE,

Pure SonthdoiPii Sheep
and Berkshire Pig*.

Fob S.<.le li. .T. HANCOCK & SON,
Chaelottksville, Va.

COOK'SCREEK HERD

Scotch-Topped
Shorthorns,^

Herd Henrtcd by Governor Tyler, 1.585 48.
Young Bull.s for hule. Inspection and corres-
pondence Invited.
HEATWOLE & SUTER. Dale Enterprise, Va.

EAST RIVER SIDE

SHORTHORNS

FOR SALE.

Two Red Heifer Calves to be
shipped about May Ist.

Adiikkss

JAMES F. CLEMMER, - Summerdean, Va.

SHORTHORNS

FOR SALE.

The Red and White Bull Culf Westover
1385791 Koan Cow Dina,'> years nid, out
of Red .Inikef. also 10 montlis old Bull, to be
registered ll'deslrtd. 1 iini now booking orders
foj Pol«n<l-('hiua pigs lor Octolicr delivery.
Inspection of slock invited.
J. H. BOELTE, Redfield Stock Farm.
News Ferry, Va.

DRIED BLOOD MEAL.
As it is true that "the blood is the
life" of the animal, it should be ap-
Piircnt that Armour & Co.'s Dried
Blood Meal, advertised elsewhere in
this issue, mut furnish a most valuable
adjunct to the ordinary rations of
farm animals and poultry. Contain-
ing, as it does, some 37 per cent, of
digestible protein — eight times as
njuch of it as is found in an average
sample of oats — its chief value lies
in the fact that but a small quantity
of it is required to balance a ration
composed largely of such starchy
foods as corn, hay and corn fodder. It
is protein that young growing ani-
mals most require, but that ingre-
dient of food is most dillicult to pro-
vide in immediately available form.
It is lack of protein that causes many
comniou and fatal or detrimental ail-
ments among farm stock. Among
these may be mentioned scours in
-•alvcs and other young animals; abor-
tion from incomplete nutrition of the
tcetus; rickets or softening of the
bones; paralysis of the hind quarters
in pigs; goitre in lambs; bloodlcssness
in growing, working or pregnant ani-
mals, and a host of other ailments.
Dried blood meal, considering its re-
markable richness in protein, is cheap
jnd in concentrated form. It will keep
poultry healthy and make hens lay.
We advise our readers to write the
firm for their booklets giving full in-
formation regarding its properties and
uses.

A BEAUTIFCL, CALl'^NDAR.

The Piano Division of the Interna-
tional Harvester Co.. Chicago, sends
us a very beautiful calendar, the de-
sign of which is executed bv Mr.
(leorge Ford Morris, one of the best
animal artists in this country. This
is certainly a very attractive piece of
advertising and is fit to adorn the
'vhIIs of any library or office. We have
also received the annual catalogue de-
'■.Tiiitive of the Piano machinery.
Like the calendar and all other ad-
vertising matter emanating from their
offices, it is especially attractive. It is
illustrated with pen sketches of farm
life in different parts of the world and
srriall photo.granhs of actual field
scenes on almost every page.

We certainlv advise all of our read-
ers to send for both the catalogue and
calendar, as each is a work of art, in-
dependent of being good advertising of.
the concern they represent.

WHALE OIL SOAP.

Mr. .Tames Good, of Philadelphia,
who has been a regular advertiser of
ours for years, has some circulars de-
scribin.g his Catistic Potash Whale Oil
Soap. No. 3. This soap is specially
recommended for the control of the
Snn Jose scale, as well as other insects.

Mr. Good will very cheerfully mail
this circular or give other information
to all ntiiserymen and orchardlsts who
are interested.

ANGUS CATTLE FOR SALE

AT A BAH.GAIN.

High-Grade and Registered Angus
Cattle: all ages of males and females.
Get our prices before you purchase.
We can save you money.

One Verv Fine Dark-Gray Horse, 16
h?-nds, weighs 1,125. He is very
stylish, nuiclc and active. A splendid
driver, well broken in single and
double harness and a fast mover. He
is cheap at our price, .$200.00.

W. M. WATKINS & SONS,
Randolph, Va.

Charlotte county.

ABERDEEN-ANGUS BULLS FOR SALE.

1. Mv Herd Bull, ROCKBRIDGE ABAC-
TOR No 40364, 3 yrs, old Dec. 2d last; $400.

2 A. Bull Calf, born Dec. 20th; sired by *he
above "Abactor"; dam, "Pride of Potomac";
No. 42607; $100. . j k_

3 A Bull Calf, born Dec. 12th; sired by
the above "Abactor"; dam, a thorouphbred
Angus Cow bred by the late William A. RuB.
Pure breeding can be shown for this calt,
but being out of an unrecorded dam he can-
not be registered; $50.

None of these will be sold until October,
aud should the calves at that tlfe not prove
to be good specimens of the breed they will
be withdrawn from sale.

p. F. DAY. Glasgow. Va.

MONTEBELLO HERD OF

Aberdeen-Angus Cattle.

3 Reg. Bull Calves for sale. Ages, s. 4 and 3
"iT-'horoughbred (not entitled to registration),
male, 2 mouths old.

BERKSHIRE PIGS of Biltmore Strain.

L. H. GRAY. LOCK BOX 58. ORiNGE. V*.

SHORTHORN 3 to 10 mos. oid

FOR SALE.

Close descendanlsof the World's Fair greatest
winners in l«9:i, and also "P to the P^^^^ent time.
PfEciAL Offeu:— a 1-year old Roan Bull Calf at
«~h If taken soon.

Poland-China Pigs of the best and most fash-
ionable breeding. Spring .Figs now ready
Pedigree furnished with all stock sold. Come
or write.

WM, T. THRASHFR. Springwood, Va.

WE WILL EXCHANGE A

Reg. SHORTHORN

(Burham) linll. 2 years old, well bred, for bull
of same breed to avoid inbreeding Weref-rto
former owner. Mr. R. L. Owen, of Lexington,

^ "■ o'cVoNEECHEE FARM, Dckham, N. C.

ANGORA GOATS pJJS:7;yH<^'

cnlar address E. W. COLE & CO., Big Clilty, Ky.

1903.]

THE SOUTHERN PLANTER.

40-.)

V.P.I.

Farm Bulletin

Our Jersey Herd Bull for sale— PEDRO'S
VIRGIMUS, 45919. grandson of Pedro. 31S7.
and of Marjoram Second. 12805, both of
World's Pair fame. The Bull offered has
been used in our herd for several years, and
ib sold to prevent in-breeding. Price low,

quality considered.

D. 0. NOURSE, Prof, of Agr.
Blacksburg, Va.

Swift Creek Stock and Dairy Farm

Has for sale a large num
ber of uloe vourig regis-
tered A. J. C. C.

JERSEY BULLS
AND HEIFERS.

None better bred in the South. Combining
closely the most noted and up-to-date blood
In America. Bulls 10 to 12 months old, $25;
Heifers, same age, $35. POLAND CHINA
PIGS, $5 each. Send check and get what
jou want.

T. P. BRASWELL. Prop." Battleboro, N. C.

REGISTERED JERSEY BULLS "" ''^^
AT A BARGAIN.

Calves 1 and 2 yr. olds; al.so
EGGS FOR HATCHING, W. & B. P. Rocks,
W. & B. Leghorns, and S L. Wyan-
dottes, 75 cents for 15.

J. B. JOHNSOX, Manassas, Va.
"Clover Hill Farm."

ST. OMER HERD

Otters young bulls fit for service, out of
tested dams with good yearly records. Strong
In Exile of St. L., King of St. L. and Stoke
Pogis of Prospect. Reasonable prices.

JOS. T. HOOPES, Bynum, Md.

WANTED— Pair Pure Bred PERCHBRON
and CLYDESDALE Brood Mares; DUROC
Boar and Sows; one SHROPSHIRE, SOUTH-
DOWN and LINCOLN Ram and Ave Ewes.
Address STOCK, care Southern Planter, with
prices and particulars.

Don't Like Cheap Stuff No How

Even the best is never too good. You'd
better buy of Owens. Finest Stock. Prices
right. DUROC JERSEY', best all purpose
hog; also POLAND CHINA. B. P. R. Chick-
ens. M. B. Turkeys. M. P. Ducks. Eggs In
season. Write, or better still, call and see.
THE CEDARS wn. G. OWENS,

P. and S. FARH. Midlothian, Va.

150 JACKS, JENNETS

V and Mules 150

^^^^^^^^^^^ Best assortment I ever owned.
^^^^^^^B Can
^B^^^^M for description and prices,
a WaIso will sell two Percheron

^^P^^^^J Stallions at cloi^e figures.
BAKER'S JACK FARM, Lawrence. Ind.

HAVE YOU PAID UP?
Recently we sent a bill to every sub-
scriber who is in arrears for his sub-
scription. The response was prompt
and gratifying in the extreme. There
are some few others who have not yet
remitted. We would thank these to
kindly give this very small matter
their attention at once. The amount
is small as a separate item, but a few
hundred such will amount to quite a
sum. We cannot, at 50 cents a year,
carry many delinquents. Please let
us hear from you.

ANTI-DIRT MILK PAIL.

Messrs. Hening & Nuckols, whose
advertisement appears regularly in
our columns, are offering in this issue
a very useful device for farmers and
dairymen in the shape of an anti-dirt
milk pail. If is a very simple arrange-
ment, consisting of a block-tin bucket
v.'ith two sets of strainers independent
of each other. Should any dirt by
chance get through the outside strain-
er, the second one underneath is sure
to catch it.

This pail also has 9, device which
a>rates and cools the milk as it runs
into the bucket.

Any one interested will receive an
illustrated circular, together with tes-
timonials from users, free on applica-
tion.

SHORTHORNS AND SOUTHDOWNS
AT "ELLEllSLIE."
Messrs. R. J. Hancock & Son, of the
famous "Ellerslie" Stock Farm, have
their annual offering of Shorthorn Cat-
tle and Southdown Sheep in another
column. The Shorthorns consist of
some choice bulls 3 to 6 months old
by Fairfax, the splendid grandson of
knight of the Thistle. The South-
downs are rams bv the imported War-
wick, of Kinc '^'i"'ard'« S'>nflringham
flock. All stock in good working con-
fiition, and is being sold at farmers'
prices.

A MATTER OF PEDIGREE.

"Marcus." said Rastus Bivins to his
son. who had just returned from col-
lege with a great, bushy head of hair,
"Marcus, what in the name of com-
mon sense did you learn at school,
anyway? You can't saw the wood; you
v/on't plough; you won't go to work;
you won't do nothing but sit around
here and read. I'm getting tired of iti
I'm getting tired of it! If you don't
do something, young man, and that
pretty soon. I'm going to enter you at
the State fair in the hog show. That
hair of yourn might help you some
there."

"Don't worry about '" - " "
said Marcus affectionately. "Don't
worry about that; I wouldn't take any
prize, because, you see, I have no
pedigree." — Silas Xavier Floyd, in Lip-
piiicoit's for May.

RERKSHIRES

ANNEFIELD HERD *.....

3,™. C^ Represents the

Finest Blood Lines

in England or America.

Stock for sale at all times.

EDW. G. BUTLER, Annefield Farms,

Briggs, Clarke Co., Va.

REGISTERED

BERKSHIRES.

One 2 yr. old boar; and youug stock
10 wks Both Sexes.
"Mansfield W. E. HAMMOND,

Farm," Goochland, C. H. Va.

CHOICE YOUNG

BERKSHIRE5

of Both Sexes, for Sale.

By Highclere Topper of Biitmore II, out of
Imported Harlene.

Miniborva Farm, Box 901, Richmond, Va.

HAWKSLEY STOCK FARM.

Large ENGLISH BERKSHIRES
B. P. ROCKS FOWLS,

Eggs from same, SI per 13.
J. T. OLIVER, Alfen's Level, Va.

FOR SaL£2.

Large English Berkshire Hogs,
Barred Plymou h Rocl< Chickens

BEN. BOLT, 60747, 430 lbs. as a yearling at
head of herd. ;f rEGGS IN SEASON.
JOHN P. FOSTER, Nocreek, Ohio Co., Ky.

ESSEX PIGS-FOR SALE.

8ome fine rigs, from
Registered .Stoc , not
mated, at 5IO.OO per pair,
crated F. O. B. 8 to 10
weeks old. Your orders

llcitcd.

L. Q. JONES, Bethania, N. C.

C. Whites. Fine laro.
strains. All ages, malt--'
not a in, J< week, ]ai,'s

Bredsows. Service bt-iu; _

and Ponltry. Write lor prices and free circular
P. F. HAMI'LTON. rochraiivillc, Chester Co., P.'

Mention the Southern Planter ;:i
writing.

410

THE SOUTHERN PLANTEE.

[June

LEGHORN POULTRY YARDS

Have for sale a limited number of Single
Comh Brown and White Leghorn Pullets and
Roosters, Best layers known. Prize-winning
stock. Price, $1 to $1.50 each. Eggs in season
at tl for 16: $.'i per lOO. Satisfaction guaran-
teed. Address

A. T. MATTHEWS, Box 36. Parlisley. Va.

EGGS EGGS EGGS

That will hatch out Doi.i.ii:^ Not real rtol-
lars, but Tiir lie J s and Cbickent. of the best strains
in thlscountjy, which will net the owner more
real dolia's of prolit tlian anvnthers. I handle
"Nothing but the Best ■ in nir line. Slv prices
are higher tnan some others, but thequaliiy
more than makesthertiflerence. National stialn
Uammoth lironze Turkevs, sitting 13, j" Nat-
ional strain. Barred Plymouth Roct ChlckenB.
Bitting, ]:, SI. 50.

PIEDMONT POULTRY PLACE,
Miss E. Callie Giles, Prop. Whittle's Depot, Va.

SHADOW - BROOK - POULTRY - YARDS.

PnflQ '''"' HATCHING, B. P. Rock Egirs, si
LUUO pi>::». f'ekinDuckEggs, SI |.er2li

IVciigrecl 3cotch Collie Pups, S.ieHch Train-
ed yearling Collies, Slo

A sure liome rente ly for chicken clinlera and
rouu, &<•. each. Also a certain e.xterininator of
cabbage and currant worms ami potato lings, 2.ic
Both are inexpensive, sale and sure

C. H. BENNETT. Goodman. Va.

BROWN LEGHORNS

[ROSE COHB.]

" The Celebratefl Maryland Strain." Prize
Winners. Kggs. Jl DO per 15: S.i.60 per hundred.

JOHN P. MAYS,

Glencoe Maryland.

32 Varieties!
Best Poultry

riniillrv l-^.. ,.„... .-I 1.1 I .. »,.

1-1 SE ll.l.US-
TRATKDCAT-
A L () fi f K for
stamp, if you
mention this
paper. All

poultry ke.-ii

JNO. E. HEATWOLE, Harrisonburg, Va.

SILVER WYANDOTTES

EXCLUSIVELY.

Famous "Blue Grass" Strain: none finer.
i^Kge, %l per 13: $2 per 30. 22 years a breeder
una shipper.

S. P. YODER. Denbigh. Va.

GOOD ROADS.

-\ K.\K.Mt;it's COMrLAIST.

Good roads are what we need, and

need 'em bad;
In this there is no greed, yet 'tis sad
To see the towns get all the plums
While we get only crumbs.

There's riches in good roads did towns

but know it;
We farmers then could send great loads

of produce there to store it;
An' yet we're denied this one boon —

good roads —
They'll repent, ah, soon!

Mud bottoms, they say, are good

enough for us;
'No Stale tax — the town can pay for

roads.
A trust is what you need.
Buy up all the good roads and then be

rich — you greed!"

Thank you, we're not a speculator—

we'll wait awhile —
Kind nature sends the mud, and later,

we'll see you smile —
A sickly smile, when you behold our

gi'ain and produce
Pass by your door, and sold,

April 1, 1903. E. C. M.

Little Chicks

thrive when fed on our

BABY CHICK FOOD.

\ l>erlecl l)iilaneed food. Send for free
sample and our lartre illustruted catalog
of POULTRY.SUPPLIES,

INCUBATORS and

BROODERS.

FANCIERS' SUPPLY CO.,

517-519 West Broad St.,

Richmond, Va.

EVERYTHING FOR THE FANCIER.

White Plymouth Rock

iv_"-'s (hirinu' .luiieaud ,Julv, 13 for
75c.; 30 for $1.50. No White Hol-
luuil 'J'urkev eggs for sale after
.Tunc 10th.

J0f1l\ A CLARK.

Shirley. Va-

MR. HICK'S ORGY.

Mr. Caleb Hicks, of Bowman's
"Crick," a settlement not many miies
from Wilkesbarre, Pa., had a novel
e.Kperieuce during Christmas week.

Though Mr. Hicks had toiled on his
farm till he had reached the ripe age
of 62 years, he had never been so far
away from home as Wilkesbarre.
Having disposed of his fall crop of
turkeys most advantageously, and be-
lieving himself to have attained years
of discretion, he decided to drive to
town and make a day of it. Since his
return he has had much to say of the
sights he saw in the city, but perhaps
none of his adventures proved quite so
thrilling as his visit to the theatre.

"I found out about the the-a-tre,"
says Mr. Hicks, "and I foUored a
crowd goin' in. They charged me 75
cents fer a seat — 75 cents, mind you.
Well, 1 paid it, for 1 didn't want to" git
into no dispute, and they took me in
and set me down in a velvet chair.
There in front of me was the biggest
ptcture I ever see, and the best, by
jingo! A oil painting it was, bigger
tlian two double barn doors. I set an"
admired it awhile, and pretty soon a
lot of fiddlers came in and began to
play. There must have been a dozen
of 'em. They all played at the same
time. Made good music, too, darned
if they didn't! Never see fellers keep
together so well as they did. They
played several tunes; none of 'em I
ever heard before, but 'twas good,
lively music.

"First thing I knew the big picture
began to roll up, darned if it didn't!
Went clean up to the ceiling on a pole.
Then some people came out and began
talking to each other. They didn't

WANTED!

ALL KINDS OF

LIVF Wl 0 BIRDb AND ANIMALS

Particularly Deer. Wild Turkeys, White

Squirrels. Ducks. Swans, Etc.

CECIL FRENCH,

718 Twelfth St. N. W., Washington. D. C.

BARRED and BUFF

PLYMOUTH = ROCKS

AT HALF PRICE.

FRED NUSSEY SUMMIT, Spots. Co,, Va.

White Leghorns.

Egg Record — 2.21c! eggs In one year
from eighteen hens.
Eggs, ?2 per 15; ?3 per 60.

Write for circular to-day.
C. G. M. FPNK, 1409 W. Leigh St.. Richmond, Va.

BARRED P. ROCKS and
S. C. B. LEGHORNS.

l.i eggs. SI 00; 30, Sl.T.i.

Pekin Ducks— U eggs, $1; 22, 81.7,5.

liargjiins in iNtrrnATORtt, Organ'9 and Pr.\N09.

Satisfaction guaranteed. Rev. J. W. HECKMAN,

Spottsvi

VNIA, Va.

• •*. ■WHITE MINORCAS.-*.*

Tlic l.csl ..llavcTs. bis true Minorca shape birds
that win .-verywhere. The.v will please you.

Kgns rciliicod jirices now. Catalog free.
r. S. Bullin^ton. Box P. KicHm-d. Va

Aryshires, Berkshires and Oxford-Downs.

Ayrshire Calves of both sexes, Berkshire
rigs and Boar and 2 Oxford- Down Rams for
sale. MELROSE CASTLE FARM.

Enos H, Hess, Manager, Casanova, Va.

WHITE YORKSHIRE

IlKSeniiilecl to regisiralinn, Koit Sale.
Henry H. Clarke, ■■Chantilly,"

Broad Street Road, Richmond, Va.

1903.]

THE SOUTHERN PLANTER.

411

talk about anything I was interested
in, so I got lip and came home. But,
by jingo! that the-a-tre was a great
place, and I'm going to kick over the
traces again some day and go back." —

C.\B0LINE LOCKHART (SIZETTE), ill

May Lippincott's Magazine.

THE SCHOOL-BOY OF 1903.

"Tommy, have you been vacci-
nated?"

"Yes, ma'am,"

"Have you had your vermiform ap-
pendix removed?"

"Yes, ma'am."

"Do you use sterilized milk?",

"Yes, ma'am."

"Is your home connected with the
city sewer?"

"Yes, ma'am."

"Have you shed all your milk-
teeth?"

"All but one."

"Have you a certificate of inocula-
tion for the croup, chicken-pox and
measles?"

"Yes, ma'am."

"Is your lunch put up in Dr. Koch's
patent antiseptic dinner-pail?"

"Yes, ma'am."

"Have you your own sanitary slate-
rag and disinfected drinking-cup?"

"Yes, ma'am."

"Do you wear a camphor-bag around
your throat, a coUapsibfe life-belt, and
have you insulated rubber heels on
your shoes for crossing the trolley-
line?"

"All of these."

"Have you a pasteurized certificate
of baptism?"

"Yes, ma'am."

"And a life-insurance non-forfeitable
policy against all the encroachments
of old age?"
"Yes, ma'am."

"Then you may hang your cap on
the insulated peg set opposite your
distinguishing number, climb into your
seat and proceed to learn along sani-
tary lines." — Judge.

SCOTCH SENSE.

An Englishman and a Scotchman
were disputing over the relative
merits of Shakespeare and Burns.

"And ye say, do ye, thot Billy
Shakespeare was a greater mon than I
Robbie Burns?" ,

"Yes. I do; bans hevery Hinglish-
man knows hit."

"But ye say thot it was Shakespeare
who said. 'Uneasy lies the head thot
wears a croon.' "

"Certainly hit was Shakespeare.
Robbie Burns could never 'ave said
that."

"Noo, noo; Robbie Burns would
never hae said thot; he had ower
mnckle sense to say a thing like thot."

"Ower muckle sense, "man! What
do you mean?"

"Yis, yis; Robbie Burns would hae
bent that on'y king would hae ta'en
his croon ofi' and hoong it on the back
of the chair before lying doon. You
forget thot Robbie was a Scotchman."
—Tit-Bits.

m

ARMOUR'S BLOOD MEAL'nr.'^

First proved by the Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station, and since

corroborated by thousands of leading stockmen who have used It without

a single failure. Equally efiEective for the diarrhea of all animals.

PREVENTS •weak bones, paralysis of the hind legs and "thumps"

la pigs; "big head" of foals; "rickets" of all young animals;

abortion due to incomplete nutrition, and a host of other troubles.

A Potent Food for Work Horses, Dairy Cows, Poultry.

Write us for booklet giving valuable Information about Blood Meal and our
other feeding products. Consult us free of charge regarding stock diseases.

THE ARMOUR FERTILIZER WORKS,
Chicago. Omaha. Baltimore. Atlanta. Jacksonville.

ELLERSLIE.

lied Bulls from 3 to 6 mos. old, all by
Fairfax (very handsome red bull) by
Knight of The Clifton; out of registered
cow.s which have been selected for milk-
ing a,s well as beef purposes
1 and 2 yr old rams by Warwick, im-
ported from the Sandringhani flock of
KING EDWA KD VII, out of ewes from
the celebrated DRUID HILL PARK
(Baltimore flock ) These are unregister-
ed but are first class in every respect.

REMEMBER. — We do not ask fancy, but farmers' prices.

Our stuck is not in show ring but workhig condition.

R. J. Hancock &, Son, chariottesviiie, Va.

SHORTHORNS
SOUTHDOWNS

BERK5HIRES.

Imported Sir John Bull, No. 3609-B. H
Imported Dansfleld Roland, No. 60528-
Imported Columbia, No. 60527-B. H. B.
Imported Royal Carlisle, No. 4841— B. H

And that Immeusely Princely
Uncle Sam, No. 7233 :"''' the «'''''» "f ™>' Spring and Summer offe:
pigs. Does thi's list of Royalty suit your fancy? They represent the most
Berkshire breeders of England. Fancy stock, moderate price

Hunting Dogs ''"'I pups for sale. Setter pups, ?!5.00 each.
Short Horn (Durham Cattle) for sale. Write for particulars.
THOS. S. WHITE, Fassifern Stock Farm, Lexington

B.
B. H, B.

B.

Hog
rings of
famous

HILL TOP STOCK FARM.

Berkshire Hogs and South-

Down Sheep

A .SPECIALTY.
S. Brown Allen, who succeeds H. A S. f%j'l//,ilii'*^*^'J«>^
Hamiltnn&Co in the ownership and man- ' "" '• ■
agement of this celebraied Stock Farm, oflers a few Berkshire Pigs that have
been lired without regard to cost, aud one and two year old

SOUTHDOWN BUCKS,

that caunot be excelled in this country. We have swept premiums on this stock
over all competitors at Fairs in this and adjoining States

S. BROWN ALLEN, Staunton, Virginia, (Successor to H. A .S Hamilton & Co.)

When corresponding with our advertisers always mention the
Bouthem Planter.

412

THE SOUTHED X PLAXTER.

[June

CHESAPEAKE & OHIO RAILWAY.

2,000-mile tickets discontinued. On
and after June 1st, 2.000-mile tickets
will be withdrawn from sale and re-
placed by the 1.000-mile refund inter-
changeable tickets heretofore an-
nounced.

PAT'S FIRST THOUGHT.
Back in the good old days when
nerves and railroads were little known,
an old stage-road ran from Lake Cham-
plain to Ogdensburg, N. Y., passing
through the little town of Sodom. This
village nestled in a valley between
two great hills, over which the white
ribbon of the road wound steeply.

Upon one of the trips of the stage
the regular driver, who had been at
home for some weeks recovering from
an illness, was riding inside while the
red-haired, mild-featured, big-boned
Irishman acting as his substitute oc-
cupied the driver's seat upon the box.
The day was a beautiful one and the
passengers were enjoying their drive
keenly, their appetites increasing as
the distance lessened between them
and the town of Sodom with its pro-
mised pause for refreshment.

Suddenly, as the heavy stage lum-
bered over the brow of the hill, down
which the road plun.ged at a sharp
angle, running through the little town
at its foot and ascending the hill be-
yond, the passengers became conscious
that their pace had been recklessly in-
creased. Faster and faster they went.
dashing down the hill at a rate rapidly
becoming a furious one. Trees and
bushes at last became but a dizzying
blur along the road. All clung to the
reeling stage and held their breath in
terror, while on the stage raced, down
the hill with ever-increasing speed,
into the town, past the hostelry with
the waiting host left standing in amaze
at the door, past the post-office without
pause and out upon the road leading
up the face of the hill beyond. There
the pace slackened and as the incline
grew more steep, at last the smoking
horses came to a standstill. With one
accord the dazed passengers tumbled
out and surrounded the driver, who
BOW stood at the head of his reeking
leaders.

"V/hat is it, Pat? What is it? Did
they get away from you?" came the
breathless questions.

•Nope," replied Pat with a set face,
"it wor that." pointing grimly before
him. There lay the stage-tongue drag-
ging uselessly on the ground at the
heels of the horses and completely
severed from the coach. At a glance
the regular driver comprehended the
meaning of the dan.ger to which the
passengers of that stage, deprived of
its sole means of guidance, had been
exposed, and, realizing the miracle of
their escape, he turned sick and fainted
where he stood.

Later, back at the Inn. when the
excitement had somewhat subsided
and fresh horses were being put to the

ENGINES AND SEPARATORS

f the ploi

ily. Kv.-ry port thornu^tilr u-^ted. Made iu ull
lud slzcK, Send for frti' i'ul*loKuc of Engines.
Thrcahlog Macbiocir, Sbv MHIb, etc.

A. B. Farquhar Co., Ltd
York, Pa.

X CiSMONT DORSETS S

X

X

A Prices Reasonable

CISMONT STOCK FARM offers weU developed young
Dorsets of the best blood of England and America.

X

G. S. LINDENKOHL, Keswick, Albemarle Co., Va. X

We Are Still in the Business.

"HILL TOP" stock at Sh«dwell, Va.

Having changed our residence, we brought with us and have for

sale a choice lot of HILL TOP stock.

Jersey Cattle, Southdown and Shropshire Sheep,

Berkshire Hogs and B. B. R. Game Chickens.

Our licrk.shire Pigs are now closelv sold up, but we will buve a hue lotready to ship
by September 1st. We will be glad to serve our old friends and are always glad to
make new ones.

W" have won more premiums on sheep and lio^s at State and County Fairs
than all other hreeders in Virf,'iuia combined.

H. A.S. HAMILTON & SONS. Shadwell, Va.

<<<<<««<<«<.«3M.<<<<<<<<:<<<<<<:<;<:<Jt:<<<<<<<<<;<:<«<«<«<<<<«j

I EGGS FOR HATCHING i

JJ [From Fowls of High Jlerit, Fresh, and a Good Hatch

* Guaranteed of the following varieties : —

A PLYMOUTH ROCKS, BROWN LEGHORNS, WHITE

t LEGHORNS and PEKIN DUCKS at $1.00 per sitting of 15

t BRONZE TURKEY EGGS, $3.00 per dozen.

w .lenseyand Guernsey I'attle and Berkshire I'ig.s. Four handsome jj^

2 ^Great Danes and three Fox Terrier Pupjiies. S

I M. B. ROWE & CO., - Fredericksburg, Va |

INCUBATORS ON 30 DAYS' TRIAL. THE WORLD'S BEST STANDARD HATCHER.

■Ihontinn.ls of Uieve incnbiilrirs are In snccessfii!
opcriiilon In the l'ntl.-ii Siuies, Canada, Pcmtli
Africa, New Zealand, ,>iweden, Kngland. Holland,
and • cruiany These maclilne.'* operate to perfec-
ttun and always bring off a lartre brood of strong,
healthy chicks. Catalogue with full partlcnlarB
Free for the asking. The Standard F. C. Incubator Co., Dept. .5, Kocbesler, N. Y., U. 8. A.

1903.]

THE SOUTHERN PLANTER.

413

repaired coach, some one turned to Pat
and asked:

•'Pat. what was your first thought
when the pole dropped?"

■ well, sor," he answered, settling
the quid more comfortably in his
cheek, "me furst thought wor, 'Lord,
ha' mercy on our sowls!' Thin thinks
I to meself, 'Damn a horse that can't
outrun a wagon 1' and I licked the
poor divils all th' way down the hill!"
— Evelyn Currier, in Jiine Lippincott's
Magazine.

We will return your money if after using

Chloro-Naphtholeum Dip

In nccordance with directions, vou cau sav It liasn't killed the Lice on your stock, and

cured the Mange, itch, Scabs and ticks. Try it and you'll never do without it. Booklet

free. Worth its weight in gold. Trial gallon sent prepaid upon receipt of Sl.,50— tay your dealer or

.\GESTS Wanted, WEST DISINFECTI^a CO.. Ihc, 30 East S9th St,, New York.

Tlio O^ls-s" lEIordL,

VIRGINIA AT THE ST. LOUIS EX-
POSITION.
Editor Soxi.thern Planter, Richmond,
Vo.;

Dear Sir, — As you are aware, the
State has made an appropriation for
exposition purposes at St. Louis for
next year, and this Commission is de-
sirous that Virginia should make as
fine a showing as possible in the va-
rious departments. We believe that
this offers great opportunities for the
advertisement of Virginia's agricultu-
ral resources, and to illustrate this to
the world we would appeal through
your columns to the farmers of this
Commonwealth, to give us their cordial
support by devoting especial attention
and culture to some portion of such
crop or crops as their sections may be
particularly adapted to, and thus try to
produce exceptionally fine samples to
furnish this Commission for exposition
purposes. These articles will be trans-
ported and exhibited without further
expense to the grower, and full credit
will be given to the producer on the
label attached at time of exhibition.
This will give a wide advertisement
for any products which may be for sale
and offers a splendid advertisement of
the advantages of Virginia real estate
to prospective settlers.

I will deem it a great favor if any
parties who will be willing to co-ope-
rate with me in this work, will give me
notice by letter and I will aid them in
every way possible to make eheir pro-
ducts beneficial both as an advertise-
ment for themselves and for the State.

G. E. MUBRELL. Supt.

OiTice, third floor, Capitol Building.

OFFKRS

FOR
-SALE-

few

2 Registered SHORTHORN COWS,
2 Registered MORGAN COLTS, and
good yearling SHROPSHIRE RAMS.

B. B. BUCHANAN, Bedford City, Va.

We positively guarantee to breed
and ship the VKRY BKftT strains ot

ship
thoroughbred registered LARGE
ENGLISH BERKSHIRE

Hogsfor LESS MONEY than .luy other
firm in the U. S., the .superiority of our
stock considered. Send us your order
and we will satisfy you both in price

and stock. WALTER B. FLEMING, . ., „

Proprietor of the Bridle Creel< Stoci< Farm, Warrewton. N. C.

Reg. HOLSTEIN-FRIESIAN

CATTLE of the Netherland, De Kol, Clothilde, Pietertje

and Artis families. Heavy milkers aud rich in butter

fat. Stock of all ages for sale.

From noted strains, Imported Headlight, Lord
-Highclere and Sunrise.

Reg. BERKSHIRES

-DORSET SHEEP^

B. PLYMOUTH ROCK CHICKENS,

N. & W. and Southern R. R. T. O. SANDY, Burkeville, Va.

CLASSIFIED.
During an encampment of the Na-
tional Guard of Pennsylvania at Mount
Gretna several years ago a party of
officers went out for a stroll, and hap-
nening to pass a farm-house near the
encampment grounds, one of them
suggested stopping in for a glass of
milk. On going inside the yard they
were met by the farmer's daughter,
who brought forth a can of buttermilk
and some tumblers, saying: "This is
the only kind of milk we have,"

After each of the party had taken a
.Irink, one of them remarked: "By
George, that's fine; can you let us have
some more?"

The lass replied: "Oh, yes, take all
you want; we feed it to the pigs, any-
way."— Philadelphia Times.

LARGE YORKSHIRE HOGS.

The Ideal Bacon Breed,

The Pork-Packers Breed,

The Most Prolific Breed,

The Most Profitable Breed.

We have four litters of ttiis popular breed, which will
be ready for shipment in May. Bred from the best im-
ported stock. We have never seen better pigs.

Send for circular and prices. Address—;

BOWMONT FARMS, Salem, Virginia.

30 YEARS SELLING DIRECT

the largest
Vehicles and Harness in the woi
selling to consumers exclusively.
WE HAVE NO A<:EXTS

out nothineif not
ifled. We make 195 styles of
cles and 65 styles harness.
Visitors are a'wa\-s welcome

ELKHART CAERIAGE & HARNESS MTG. CO., Elkhart

414

THE SOUTHEUX PLAXTEE.

[Juue

THE WELCOME AT THE DOOR.

There is a home I visit sometimes
whtch has a special charm. The mis-
tress, who answers your ring, is blind,
but before you can say a word, with
beaming face she cries, "How glad I
am to see youl" No matter how inop-
portune the call may be, it is always
with radiant delight and cordial words
that every one is greeted.

I wondered about it — how it could
always be the same welcome, for I
knew there v.-ere domesiic whirlwinds
that upset her work and plans just like
in other homes. I somehow concluded
that it was her special gift, one of her
compensations, and so settled the
matter. Later, this same subject of
the welcome or unwelcome guest, and
treatment thereof, coming up in a little
circle of friends, I was interested to
find my friend quoting her mother, and
then I found the solution. Her mother
had taught her that no matter how
the unexpected guest may find you.
unprepared in every way, let your first
welcoiue be generous and instant. Let
no thought pantry-ward make your
greeting constrained or apologetic.

Give the cordial gretting that cannot
be forgotten, and the responsive glow
in the heart of the guest will gild de-
flciencics which may afterward ap-
pear; but no after effort can make a
.guest forget a chill and constrained
welcome at the door. This little word
has been of service to me. so I give to
others. — Ladies' Home Journal.

A RAILROAD SWITCHMAN AT A
REVIVAL MEETING.

"Stop! you there making for the
door! Don't you know the Lord is
calling you and that you are running
away from Him? Don't you know
that you are going straight to hell?"

Put/ was working on a limited
schedule now and there was not much
time to spare, but he could not resist
the temptation of having one pass at
him, so he stopped and faced around.
As he did so he became conscious that
every eye in the church was on him.
Putz didn't often get* the centre of t.ht
stage, and the novelty of the thing
pleased him greatly, it was such a con-
trast to his old accustomed place in
the back row of the cliorus. Raising
his voice so as to reach the least seats
in the gallery, he replied;

"Number Six is calling me, too.
Didn't you hear her? If I don't get
down there and set that switch foi
Number Six a whole train-load of peo-
ple will go to hell. Looks like hell's
up to me both ways. Guess I'll set the
switch. Good-bye, Doc." Having de-

Forthe treatment of THE LIQUOR, OPIUM, MORPHINE .n<
ottier Drug Addlctloni. The Tobbacco Habit, Nerve Exhaustion

MlStereH VEBEFOP CIllTLL

Service Bulls; Imported Salisbury 76059 (19083). Lars Jr. 85297. \

FOR SALE — A choice lot of bull calves and yearling bulls. The bull calves sold recently
__weighed 60U lbs. nt 6 mos old. Call and make your own selection Prices right.

MURRAY BOOCOCK, Owners, Keswick, Va.

•^H^^^■^■^'^^l■l■^l-^■^■I^^^■I^■^^^^^l■^lMl■.^.l»I^■^.IM^^..I■■I■■I■■I.■I■■I■■H-I-^^!■■l■■^^!■■H^^^^l■^I■^I"^^!^^^■^^^•

Annefield Herd Richly bred in " Anxiety " Blood and Headed
by the Sweepstalces Winner at Kansas City 1901,

: PRINCE RUPERT No. 79539.

'. PEE, $25.00 FOR THE SEASON OF 1903.

Correspondence Solicited
ANNEFIELD FARMS,
t * . t t »

Inspection Invited.
Briggs, Clarke Co., Va.

I ,1 1 1 t->..!..i-i..i-i. T li t I t r..|..»..t..l..».-

■;gEeaggeg!EBgg«gggi-f;pgTF:r!PTrr'F'!-!r'i^:ir!P'.r^P!f«p-r'j-g

I Bacon Hall Farm.

I Hereford REGISTERED Gattle

3 "TOP" BREEDING, CALVES NOT AKIN.

A MOTTO— Satisfaction or no sale.

I E. M. GILLET & SON, = Glencoe, Haryland.

11 H I! t in B il iHl J t I. J 1 1! t 1! tl! 1 v^-vrwi.v\nrv^rv^rp^ , , , , , ,i ..^ > m

HEREFORD CATTLB —GulTos, entitled to registration, J75 to JIOO. Grade Calyee by "Sir Ed.
ward " J*'.».S to ftlO.

ward" 825 to S40

SHROPSHIRE SHCEP.—Backi. one year old and over, «18to«20. Buck Lambs, July dellTerr,
»l0to»12. Ewe Lambs, July delivery, 88 and 110.

POLAND-CHIN* HOGS.— Pigs, six weeks old, 85. Pigs, two or three months old, r7.50. Plga,

flve moaths and over, 815 to J20.
M. BRONZE TURKEYS.— Toms, tl. Hens, 83, Eggs, per sitting of 12, when In season, $4.
MUSOOVY DUCKS.— Pure White Drakes, 81.25. Pure White Ducks, $1. Palrs,82.25. Trios, 83.
BARRED PLYMOUTH ROCKS.
ROUEN QBESE.-Ganders, 82.60. Geese, 82.50. Eggs, per sitting, 83.

WILLIAM L., Jr., No. 21058, half brother of Aztell, will serve a limited number of mares for talk
the season. Hares boarded at lowest figures per month.

1903.]

THE SOUTHERN PLANTER.

41. ■

livereci hinipelf of which, he departed
without waiting for further develop-
ments. The boys told him when they
came down, after it was all over, that
the "old boy" did not get things going
in good shape any more that night. —
MoxTtiOMERY B. Cor.se. in May Lippin-
cott's Magazine.

TACOMA'S BIG SAW-MILL.

With One ExcepUon It Is the Largest
in the World.

At Tacoma I visited a saw-mill said
tc have a greater capacity than any
other in the United States, and,, with
one exception (in Norway), the great-
est in the world. It is, in fact, two
separate mills, covering a wide, low
flat with docks on the sound where
ships can be loaded at the door of
the yards. Here the logs from the
jamp which we visited are sawed. They
are dumped from the railroad cars
into pouds of water and held until the
mill is ready to cut them into lumber.
Mr. Royce showed me through this
great establishment, with its devices
for handling the enormous logs of fir
and cedar, hemlock and spruce, which
come to it daily.

Nearly every step in the long pro-
cess is performed by some human-like
machine. I..ogs weighing many tons
are handled like jack-straws— pulled
out of the water, whirled over, lifted
al)out, gripped, slabbed off, turned
again easily, and, directed by the swift
and sure judgment of the expert saw-
yer, driven through band-saws or
great gang-saws, cutting twenty boards
or more at once and finally trimmed to
certain lengths — everything moving at
once, smoothly, with an absolute ex-
actitude. In fifteen minutes from the
time the log enters the mill it has been
reduced to lumber of several grades;
the poor parts have been whittled up
into lath and shingles, the slabs have
been shot out on a great pile for fire-
wood and the remaining bark, sawdust
and refuse have been carried away to
the fire heap. This mill cuts j.uu,00O,-
000 feet of lumber and 90,000,000,000
shingles a year, and its product goes
the world over — to Australia, Hawaii,
China, South Africa, South America
and Europe. — From Ray Stannard
Baker's "The Conquest of the Forest"
in the May Century.

SHE WAS A BIRD.

••Amos," sighed Mehitable Scruggs,
"doesn't the spring bring Inspiration
to your soul?"

"May be it does, Mehitabel," an-
swered Amos Medooney,

"Doesn't it bring to you tender, soul-
ful, thrilling thoughts when you see
the little birds making their nests and
choosing their mates? Doesn't it make
you think of a nest for yourself and —
and — and — "

"Mehitabel!" gasped Amos, reaching
for her hand, "you've got me up a
tree." — Judge.

St. Blbane
Scbool

situ.4ted on a

Sunny Headland

above the

I'.ASKs OF New River,

IN THE

Bli E (iRAss Region
OF Virginia

Prepares Boys

rOK UNIVERSITY OR
FOR BUSINESS.^ .«'-^-e^

SEND FOR ANNUAL C.VrALO(;UE, IN WHICH IS
PUBLISHED "I'LAN OF ST. ALBANS SCHOOL.''

Address, W. H. RANDOLPH,

flead Master,
Radford, - - - Virginia

SUNNY HOME HERD OF

ABERDEEN-ANGUS CATTLE.

BARON ROSEBOY 57666 (The great Westertown Rose, son of the
world-famous GAY BLACKBIRD) In service.

Tie Sire is half the herd. In BaroQ Roseboy, ia combined the typical "dodiv form with a
pedigree that cannot be excelled. He Is a brother of the great "Gay Lad" (sold at S3050).
who heads the largest Angus herd east of the Mississippi, ia also brother of ' Hector of lakeside"
at the head of the great Pope RiTer herd of Illinois; is uncle of the " 10th Laird of Estill " at the
head of the greatest Angus herd in America.

On dam's aide. Baron Roseboy traces direct to the Imp. Blackbird Bull, " BAgUTO, " said to b«
the beat Blackbird Bull ever imported.

The females In the herd are "ehipBoS the same block ". Great bulls, great cows, mean great
calves. Come and see them, or write

A. L. FRENCH, Proprietor, Fitzgerald, N. C.

Rockingham Co , 24 miles southwest of Danville, Va., on D. & W. Ry.

A WASHING MACHINE is as great a necessity in the house as a wringer

THE MAJESTIC ROTARY WASHER

has too many good points for explanation in an ad-
vertisement Your name on a postal card will
bring our booklet, with full particulars of our six
different machines and how to get them. One of
them will certainly please you. All are made with
electrically welded wire hoops sunk in grooves — our
patent. Being the largest manufacturers of wood-
enware in the world, we can make better machines
for the money than any one else. If you want a
machine that washes, buy one of ours.

THE RICHMOND CEDAR WORKS, Richmond, Va.

SLUG SHOT

Kills Insects on Helons, Potatoes,
Cabbage and Flowers.

SOLD BY SEEDSMEN EVERYWHERE.

Used 22 Year*.
Send for Free Booklet on Bugs and Blights to
HAMMOND, FISHKILL-ON-HUDSON, NEW YORK.

AhS

THE SOUTHERN PLAXTEE.

[June

USES FOR DRV BREAD.
, (Birdie B. Bates.)

Bki:,\u C.u .\ius.— The scraps of bread
that cannot be used on the table can be
placed in the oven and dried or toasted
a delicate brown, then rolled very fine
and placed in a close or air-tight jar.
When frying pork chops, veal cutlets,
fish, chicken, etc., diii the meat into a
■well-beaten egg, then into the crumbs,
letting ihem remain five or ten miu-
ttfcs, then add more egg and more
crumbs and fry in hot fat. Serve on
a hot platter, garnished with parsley.

vXi. OS io.v.sr.— We have the fried,
poached and scrambled egg on toast,
but did you ever try the birds nest?
The children always enjoy anything
in this line, so tempt their appetites
some morning with the following:
Toast the desired amount and butter
lightlv, placing the pieces of toast on
a baking pan and drawing aside where
it will keep hot. Select as many fresh
eggs as you have pieces of toast and
separate the whites from ''— yolks.
Beat the whites to a stiff foam ana
salt lightly. When I say stiff, I mean
that the loam should stand alone.
Now place a spoonful of the beaten
■white on each piece of toast, arrange
a round space in the center and place
the unbroken yolk in it. Add small
bits of butter, salt and pepper and
place in a hot oven until the egg is
cooked as desired. Serve hot.

CRE.V.M To.vsT. — Toast small pieces of
bread to a nice brown and arrange in
individual sauce-dishes. Take one
Quart of milk and heat to the boiling-
point in a double boiler; when just at
the boiling point add a well-beaten egg
that has had n 'ittle cold milk added
to it. Salt and pepper to taste and add
two tablespoonfuls of sugar. In a
small siiucepan place one tablespoonful
of buttor and v/hen melted stir in one
tablespoonful of flour. When all the
starch grains of the flour are broken
add the hot milk, let boil once, then
pour over toast and serve.

CiioiTO.Ns. — Many people prefer
croutons rather than crackers with
soup. They are very appetizing and
easily prepared. Take bread that is
stale enough to toast nicely, cut into
medium slices, butter lightly, cut into
strips or square.^ and place in a quick
oven 'and toast. Some prefer them of
stale bread cut into cubes or squares.
then dropped into hot fat and browned.
Lift them from the fat with a skim-
mer, drain, add to soup and serve.

INVINCIBLE POTATO I'l.ANTKR.
The H. H. Wabers Co., of Racine,
Wis., are advertising elsewhere in this
issue their Invincible I'otato Planter.
This planter is certainly a great labor
saver and is guaranteed to plant from
50 per cent, to 100 per cent, more hills
in a day than any other. It has a
number of special features, which are
fully described in a little circular sent
free by the company. Look up the
clvertisement.

SEND US YOUR WOOL
WE PAY THE FREIOHT.
WRITE FOR CATALOQUE.

We make from your
Own Wool on Shares
Or for Cash
White or Gray
Large or Small
Blankets, Coverlets
Dress Goods, Skirts
Underskirts, Flannels
Cassimeres, Cheviots
Jeans

Art Squares,
Carpets
Stair Carpets
Smyrna Rugs
Buggy Robes,
Lounge Covers

LEAKSVILLE WOOLEN MILLS, YamS, EtC.

Leaksville, N. C. Write Us.

FOR SAGE.

A De Laval Baby Separator No 3

In good running order. Are putting in lar-
ger machine, the only reason for selling.

FOREST HOME FARM,

PURCELLVILLE, VA.

VIRGINIA DIVISION.

Farmers Mutual Benefit Association

A Fire Insurance Association, chartered by the State of Virginia, for
farmers, under an amended and well protected plan.

Insures in counties surrounding and accessible to Richmond, against Fire
and Lightning, only country properly — no stores or unsafe risks. Policy-holders
amply secured — all legitimate losses paid. Average cost per year less than other
plans, and a great saving to farmers. Amount of property now insured, $330,000,
and increasing yearly. Estimated securiey in real and other estate, $750,000.

For further information, address. CHAS. N. FRIEND, General Agent,

.MhNTidX THIS joiK.N.vL. CHESTER, VIRGINIA.

ASSETS, $900,000.

Virginia Fire and Marine

Insurance Company, of Richmond, Va.

Insures Against Fire and Lightning.

AI.I. DESCRIfTIONS OK PROPERTY IN COINTKY .\XI> TOWN, PRIVATE OR PUBLIC
IN9URE1) AT FAIR KATE9, O.S ACOO.M.MQDATING TERMS.

AGENCIES IN EVERY TOWN AND COUNTY.

WM. H. PALMER, President. W. H. M'CARTHY, Secretary.

When corresponding with our advertisers always mention the
tiouthem Planter.

1903.]

THE SOUTHEEN PLAWTEE.

417

Big Bmrgmlns in Farm Suppiies

First Class Material, Mta ohandise and Machinery at Sacrilice Pricesm

CHICAGO HOUSE WRECKING CO.

WEST35TH AND IRON STREETS,

CHICAGO.

PICK UPS.
If an old fowl is skinned before
cooking it will become tender in a
shorter length of time and will be of
much finer flavor.

In families where canned pears are
not particularly well liked, a sliced
orange to a pint of pears will often
make them more palatable. A pine-
apple shreded with a silver fork into
canned pears makes them delicious.

Mothers may be glad to know what
a young girl taught me last summer.
To tie shoe strings so they will remain
tied, pass either loop — usually the
right-hand loop — around under the
second time before drawing the bow
up tight. When you desire to untie the
Knot it will pull out by the strings the
isame as usual.

After removing iron rust with lemon
juice and salt rub the places with clear
water. M soap is used a bright yellow
spot will appear that will be more difh-
cult to remove than the iron rust. Rub-
bing clothes lightly through the rinse
water will prevent the bluing from set-
tling in them and will whiten them
amazingly, particularly if rain water
is used.

A bashful gentleman who visited a
school kept by a young lady, was asked
by the teacher to say a few words to
the pupils. This was his speech:
"Scholars, I hope you will always love
your school and your teacher as much
as I do." A tableau of giggling pupils
and a blushing teacher attested the
effectiveness of his words.

Winners

. upto200h.p

Thf» Hp'I nAr*H Saw Mills are Sure
111^ VJ^t^\jr\.\^t t Kight sizes, from Farmers'4h.p
j If Interested, write for large illustrated catalogue of OeLoach Patent Saw MllU to suit any
power from 4 to 200 h. p ; Shingle Mills, Planers, Edgers, Trimmers, Stave and Latli Mills, Bolt-
|ers. Corn and Buhr Mills, Water Wheels, etc, To introduce our New Farmers' Saw Mill, fitted
jwlth^DeLoach Patent Variatile Friction Feed, we make this special offer:

We will deliver on cars at factory our
No. 0 Pony Farmers' Saw Mill, with Duplex
Dogs, Improved Head Block!, and Ratch-
et Set Works, complete as shown In cut,
except it has Carriage made in two 4 foot
Becilons. with Rope Drli-e Instead of Rack
and Pinion, without Saw or Belt, for
$116.00 Spot Cash!
With 36" Solid Saw, S127.50: 40", S132.5

44", S140.00; 48", 8160.00.
With 36"InBerted Faw $147 50: 40",S1B2.60

44", $160.00; 48", $170.00.
Beat Rubber Belting, 4-ply, 6", 20 cents

per foot ; 8", 30 cents per foot, net.
No discount from these prices.

Our Warranty: This mill is warranted to be made in a workman-like manner, of first class
material throughout, and to give perfect satisfaction if operated according to our printed in-
structions, which are so simple that a boy can understand them. Any one with ordinary intelli-
gence can set and operate without the assistance of an experienced sawyer ; will easily cut 2.000
to 2,500 feet of first class board lumber pej day with only 4 h p. ; 3,000 feet with 6 h. p. ; 4,000 leet
with 8 h. p. ; is adapted to any kind or size power up to Ifi h. p.

DeLOACH HILL MANUFACTURING CO.. Box 600 Atlanta, Georgia. U. S. A.

The DeLoach Is the only mill made that is shipped to all parts of the world. Over 10,000 In use

HWill that Will

Mention the Southern Planter in
writing.

SAW LUMBER

WE MAKE SAW MILLS

that cut accurate lumberand plenty of
it. 8 to 30 horse power. Capacity
4,0OO to 20,000 feet o£ lumber per
day.

Prices from $160 to $700

Re

ablei

MACHINE CO.. Suc^e^s^Jr'jyo^BPe'n^.'aT^Co.. LOUISVILLE. KY. .

418

THE SOUTHEEN PLANTER.

[June

FARMS FOR SALE!

Farm No. 2.
Contains 265 acres; 215 under culti-
vation; 50 acres original oak and
hickory. Fronts on the pike running
from Winchester to Alexandria; five
miles from railroad; one-half mile
from proposed electric railroad. Excel-
lent six-room dwelling house, with
broad halls, standing in a large, nicely-
shaded blue-grass lawn; all necessary
outbuildings; land chocolate clay, with
stiff clay subsoil; all level, but rolling
enough to drain well; fine for wheat
and grass; well watered. Owner con-
templates making improvements. But
if sold before, price $25 per acre, on
easy terms.

No. 3.
Contains 430 acres; 350 acres under
cultivation; 80 acres in good original
oak and hickory timber. Situated in
Loudoun county, four miles from rail-
road station; one mile from proposed
electric railroad. Soil in fine state of
cultivation; adapted to grain and grass.
L^nd level and watered by streams,
and a beautiful, bold spring in the yard.
Gkjod dwelling and outbuildings; two
new stock barns. Greater part of farm
in grass. Price now, $20 per acre.

No. 4.
Contains lOO acres, all under cultiva-
tion, and in good condition. Good
frame dwelling and all necessary out-
buildings in good condition. Situated
on the pike, with market wagons pass-
ing every day, paying Washington city
prices for produee. Splendidly situated
for fruit, poultry, dairy and trucking.
Price now, $2,000, on easy terms.

No. 5.
Contains 163 acres; one-half under
cultivation; balance in second-growth
timber. Good seven-room dwelling and
necessary outbuildings; good orchard
in fine fruit section. Farm lies near
Southern railroad, twenty miles from
Washington; well watered; a splendid
dairy farm. Price, $2,000.

No. 11.

Contains 315 acres in high state of
improvement. Large frame dwelling,
10 rooms, 2 large cattle barns, and all
necessary farm buildings in good re-
pair. Land watered by spring branches.
Situated in aristocratic neighborhood.
Convenient to depot and to Washington
market. Price, $50 per acre.

The above-described farms are situ-
ated in a neighborhood of refined citi-
zens, with good labor plentiful, and
will not be on the market long before
being sold. For further information
and a more detailed description of any
one of them, write to

W. E. MILLER,
Herndon, Va.

A PROMISED SPECTACLE AT THE
ST. LOUIS FAIR.
Mere cost and bigness do not con-
stitute excellence, but magnitude is
impressive, and money does things.
The St. Louis World's Fair, however,
has other things to recommend it than
size and expenditure. In the first
place, the topography of the site favors
effects that could not be achieved on
the flat of Jackson Park. The view
from "The Apotheosis of St. Louis
across the Grand Court along the broad
avenue between the Education and
Electricity buildings, thence across
the Basin and up the Cascades to Fes-
tival Hall and the Terrace of the
Slates, will doubtless surpass any spec-
tacle heretofore seen at a world's fair.
This is the central physical feature
of the exposition. A crescent-shaped
hill crowned by the Colonnade of the
States, with the imposing Festival
Hall in the center of the crescent; on
each extreme of the crescent, 1.900
feet apart, an ornamental restaurant
pavilion; a central cascade 290 feel
long with a total fall of 80 feet in
twelve leaps ranging fron 4 to 14 feet
and side cascades 300 feet long, with
a total fall of 65 feet. The water will
be discharged into a basin 600 feet
wide. The two miles of lagoons have
their beginning and end in this basin.
The abundant supply of water will be
drawn from the city mains, but will
be filtered to a crystal clearness. Be-
tween the cascades will be gardens.
Each of the cascades will be framed
in sculpture, consisting of sportive
groups of nymphs and naiads and
other mythological fancies. The cen-
ter cascade will be crowned by a group
composition showing Liberty lifting
the veil of Ignorance and protecting
Truth and Justice. The east cascade
will represent the Atlantic Ocean and
the west cascade the Pacific, the sym-
bolism being that the Purchase has
extended liberty from ocean to ocean.
Assurance is given that the three cas-
cades will completely eclipse the cas-
cade of the Trocadero at the Paris Ex-
position, the cascade at St. Cloud and
the Chateau d'Eau at Marseilles. —
From "The Louisiana Purchase Expo-
scition," by Frederick il. Crunden, in
the Avierican Monthly Review of Re-
views for May.

A child may often be expected to
put his or her heedless little foot in
it, as the phrase goes. For instance,
a youngster one day begged an invi-
tation to dinner at the house of a little
friend with whom he had been play-
ing. At the table, his hostess anxious-
ly inquired: "Charley, can you cut
your own meat?" "Humph!" said the
youngster, who was sawing away;
"can't I? I've cut up quite as tough
meat as this at home." People who
are destitute of tact might take warn-
ing from such juvenile malaprops, but
such does not often appear to be the
case, judging by numerous examples
to the contrary.

Iwlj % mm jmn *• km
btu tniaiiig biii aiJ rata
for bTniiw Oalj ritiiwi Cal-
l((t in Tt., ud amd ii tmA
t« on iu biiUiig. It Ttatua.
'QiUlogu fne. looUnpiit,
ShorUund, Pniauship by to^L

"haixag bu. ooL watA PotomAc i

The RICHMOND, FREDERICKSBURG

and POTOMAC R. R.
and WASHINGTON SOUTHERN R'Y

Form the Link connecting the

Atlantic Coast Line R. R.,
Baltimore and Ohio R. R.,
Chesapeal<e and Ohio R'y,
Pennsylvania R. R.,
Seaboard Air Line R'y
and Southern R'y.

Between all points, via Richmond, Va.

Fast Mall, Pafsengsr and Express Route ke-
twe«n Richmond, Fredericksburg, Alexan-
dria, Washington, Baltimore, Philadelphia.
New York, Boston. Pittsburg, Buffale and AU
Points North, East and West.

W. P. TAYLOR, Traffic Manager. Richmond, Va.

"Feeds and Feeding"

Prof. Henry's Great Book for
Farmers and Stockmen.

Delivered anywhere for - - $2.00
With the SOUTHERN PLAKTEE, .252

WHISKEY

4 full quarts Corn Whlikev 10 yeari old, J3.S0

4 •• 6 " " 2,60

4 " " " " Private Stock,

20iyearB old, for invalldi and other

lored onei 6 00

Or will ship the 12 qti. named above for JU.OO
Plain packages Express paid. Purest
and Best Whiskey, and Oldest Bouae
in America. Established 1768—135 years
ago. Just as Corn bread is more whole-
some and palatable than Rye bread —
So with the Whiskey— so say all Doctors
— try it and beconvinced. Nothing on
earth so beneficial to weak lungs at this
mountain beverage.

THE OLD MCK WILLIAHS CO.,
Lock Box No. 11. Williams, N C.

JUSTLY INDIGNANT.

The house had been full of aunties
come to spend the holidays, and the
baby's 6-year-old brother was heard
cne morning confiding his woe to his
father.

"Say, papa, do you know I've had to
sleep a whole week in a room just full
of women?" — Lippincott's Magazine
for May.

A neat Binder for yonr back num-
bers can be had for 25 cents. Address
our Business Office.

1903.] THE SOUTHERN PLANTER. 419

^ V4

I BILTMORE FARMS, = Biltmore, N. C. \

; Headquarters for GOLDEN LAD JERSEYS, \

? Also Get of TREVARTH and GEN. MARIGOLD. ^ je ^ *

'S GOLDEN LAD'S SUCCESSOR. First and sweepstakes over all at the Pan-American Exposition, the ^

" champion JERSEY BULL OF AMERICA, and out of Golden Ora, our great prize-winning cow, both ^

born and developed on these Farms, is among our service bulls. 56

Biltmore Jerseys are a combination of large and persistent milking qualities with an individuality 5b

that wins in the show ring. Il

SPECIALTY. Write for descriptive circular of the best lot of young buU calves ever offered, both for fc

1^

SJ breeding and individuality. They are by noted sires and out of large and tested selected dams. Many ^

H of these calves are fit to show and win in any company. *

? j6 > BILTMORE POULTRY YARDS. j* ^ fc

% — fc

^ SPECIALTY. Write for descriptive circular of eggs from our prize-winning pens. Over 50 yards to select }^

J from, made up of the winners at the leading shows for the last two seasons. If you want winners you ^

J, must breed from winners. o

\ Headquarters for the best IMPORTED ENGLISH BERKSHIRES. k

* APPLY TO BILTMORE FARMS, biltmore, n. c. J

iPi«'jPKi«*»rj<'iCirK'jc*jC'i<*K'iC'jc">«'jP:fiririC"»f»<'irjCiri«'Ki«'jf'K'i<'i«':f'i«'**j«*icjr:«'j«'jf'jr'K'j«'iriPK'ie'a«'i<'ir

linPEBIIlLFimTiiiiiPflDLTBiFIIBIII

Is now booking orders for Eggs from the best strains and careful matings of

Barred, Buff and White Plymouth Rocks,
Silver=Laced and White Wyandottes,
S. C. B. Leghorns and Mammoth Pel<:in Ducl^s,
AT $1.00 PER SITTING.
EGGS FROM BLACK DEVIL PIT GAMES.

Never known to run. The grittiest of all games. $2.00 PER SITTING.

We give 15 Chicken and 13 Duck Eggs for sitting. Order at once.
Write name and address plainly. Remember the express is no more on 2 or 3 sittings than on i.
Refer to Augusta National Bank and former patrons. Satisfaction guaranteed or money refunded

P. H. HEYDENREICH, - Staunton, Va.

420

THE SOUTHETI^^ PLANTER.

[June

A UNIQUE ORGANIZATION.

What Five Hundred Iowa Farmers
Have Accomplished by Cooperation.

The company is unique among or-
ganizations of the people. It is not
cooperative, as the long lines of in-
dustry which stretch out from the
home of modern co-operation in the
English town of Rochdale are co-ope-
ralive. It is not communal in any
sense like the Amana, the Oneida and
similar societies. It is not held to-
gether hy any political, religious or
sociological tie. Its only bond is that
which maintains every successful
business organization in the world.
These farmers have turned business
men and they have been so extraor-
dinarily successful that they stand
ready to become manufacturers when-
ever they find they cannot buy in a
fair market. It appears to be the first
commanding proof that the common
people in country place or town or city
have in themselves the power to apply
a remedy to the diseases of such
trusts or combinations of capital as
are inimical to the welfare of the gene-
ral public.

It is worthy the attention of the
student of present-day problems, as
well as of the investor, that, in this
day of enormous inflation of capitaj
stock, the business of these Iowa
farmers, running now well on to
$1,000,000 a year, has been conducted
on a capital never larger than $25,000.
Still more significant, it requires the
assent of two-thirds of the 500 mem-
bers of tlip firm before any money may
be borrowed, and no more than $5.00Q
may be borrowed at any one time. At
no time may the total indebtedness of
the firm rise above $5,000. The by-
laws of the company's articles of in-
corporation provide that no share-
holder <;liall sign any bond, or sign,
endorse or guarantee any note, bill,
draft or contract or in any way assume
any liability, verbal or written, for
the benefit of security of any person,
without the written consent of a ma-
jority of the directors. The by-laws
also provide that none of the funds
of the company shall be loaned to any
person. — From W. .S. Harwood's "Five
Hundred Farmers'" m the May Cen-
tvary.

A CONTRADICTION.
That "still waters run deep"
You may quote if you will;
This opinion I'll keep —
They can't run if they're still.
G. B., in May Lippincott's.

Mention the Southern Planter in
writing.

Your money back

if you are not satisfied

DO YOTJ SUPPOSE that a company with a capital of $500,000.00, paid in lull, aod the

f>roucl reputation of 3d years of continuous success, would make such an oHer and not carry
t out to the letter?

DO YOU SUPPOSE we would jeopardize our standing with the public and our chances
of still greater success by falline to f ullil any promise we make ?

DO YOU SUPPOSE we would make such an otter if we did not have the utmost confi-
dence in the satisfying quality of our goods ?

WE KNOW we can please you and save you money, for HAYNER WHISKEY goes
direct from our distillery to you, with all its original richness and flavor, carrying a UNITED
STATES REGISTERED DISTILLER'S GUARANTEE of PURITY and AGE and saving
you the big proflts of the dealers. That's why it's best for medicinal purposes. That's why
It's preferred (or other uses. That's why we are regularly supplying over a quarter of •
million satlsfled customers. That's why YOU should try It.

Direct from our distillery to YOU

Saves Dealers' Profits I Prevents Adulteration I

HAYNER WHISKEY

PURE SEVEN-YEAR-OLD RYE

4 FULL $0:20 EXPRESS
QUARTS O PREPAID

We will send you FOUR FULL QUARTS of HAYNER'S SEVEN-YEAR-
OLD RYE for $3.20, and we will pay the express charges. When you receive
the whiskey, try it and If you don't find it all right and as good as you ever
drank or can buy from any body else at any price, then send it back at our
expense and your $3.20 will be returned to you by next mail. How could
an offer be fairer? We take all the risk and stand all the expense. If
the goods do not please you. Won't you let us send you a trial order? We
ship in a plain sealed case; no mar'',- "o show what's inside.

Orders for Ariz., Cal., Col., Idaho, luont., Nev., N. Mex.. Ore., Utah, Wash.
or Wyo., must be on the basis of 4 Onarts for 84.00 by Express
Prepaid or »0 quarts for 816.00 by FreiKlit Prepaid,

Write our nearest otBce and do it NOW.

THE HAYNER DISTILLING COMPANY

ATUNTAi GA. DAYTON, OHIO ST, LOUIS, MO. ST. PAUL. MINN.

ISO DlSTILLBBT, TBOT, O. ESTABLISHED 1868.

Whereto Sell Your yyOOL

WE ARE THE LEADING DEALERS IN THE WOOL TRADE IN VIRGINIA.

HIGHEST MARKET PRU'K PAID, and no Commis.sion, Freight, &c.
cliarged. SACKS FURNhSHED FREE. Checks remitted promptly.
Correspond with us when read}' to sell.

THE WALLERSTEIN PRODUCE CO., 19&21 So. lathst., RICHHOND, Va.

Referenckb : Vmericn N.it''^"'' B-nk ''"d l."i..ii„,n„,l ."...■,. h;,iits sienerally.

1903.]

THE SOUTHERN PLAN TEE.

421

^ ^ THE WONDER OF THE 20 CENTURY. ^^

THE ACME CHURN.

MILK >ERATOR and CREAM SEPARATOR.

Guaranteed to make butter from sweet or sour cream In from three to ten
minutes. The manufacturers offer SlOO to any one who can beat this machine
on time, quality and quantity on any given amount of sweet or sour cream.
Made of the very best materials and is guaranteed.

The number of inquiries received from our first Ad., on page 299, April
Planter, shows the great Interest taken in this new invention by the butter
makers of this and adjoining States. It is a new machine, patented and
fully protected ; and the greatest labor saver of its kind on the market. It
has but recently been ofTered to the public, and by merit alone is making a
name and place for itself In enterprising and progressive homes, where it
lightens and lessens the labor of those who need it most.

The cut Is the Single Standard, in 3 and 6 gal. sizes. In the Double Stand-
ard, the iron frame la on both sides and across the top, is heavier and
stronger, with an extra wheel at the handle for either hand or light power.
In 6 and 10 gal. sizes. You can rely upon what Is said about this machine.

Make a note of this and continue to watch Southern Planter.
Address THE ACME CHURN, Lock Box 311, Richmond, Virginia.

RHODE ISLAND GREENINGS VER-
SUS BARTLETT PEARS.
At a wedding party, some time ago.
Rev. E. O. Bartlett, of Rhode Island,
at one time settled over the church in
Pittsfield, Mass., made famous by the
long pastorate of Dr. John Todd, told
of a capital bon mot on the occasion
of his own wedding. His wife, it
seems, was also a native of Rhode
Island, and in the midst of the merry-
making some one wittily remarked
that they had with them "two Rhode
Island greenings." As every one
knows, the Rhode Island greening ap-
ple has always been a great favorite
throughout New England. The words
had hardly been uttered before there
came the ready response: "Yes; you
see, it takes two Rhode Island green-
ings to make one Bartlett pair." — May
Success.

UGLY FOR SURE.

In a mining town in the mountains
of Virginia lived two little chaps aged
8 and 9 years, neighbors and good
friends, who passed most of their
leisure time together in boyish sports,
but, like all healthy boys, they some-
times "scrapped."

On one of these occasions the
younger one, who was built on the
lines of the proverbial man who could
not stop a pig in an alley, was being
twitted by his companion on his bow-
legs.

He stood it manfully for a while, but
finally losing patience, he blurted out

"Well, I may be bow-legged, but
when the Lord made j/oti. He made you
as ugly as He could and then hit you
in the face." — Lippincott's for May.

MODERN IMPROVEMENTS.
The progress of this age is grand.
No more he "takes his pen in
hand" —
The business man, smit by her charms.

Takes the typewriter in his arms.
— i>. F. Walcott, in May Lippincott's.

A neat Binder for your back num-
bers can be had for 25 cents. Address
our Business Office.

FRUITS and
VEGETABLES

ARE LARGELY INCREASED
IN YIELD, AND GREATLY
IMPROVED BY THE USE OF

SPRAY PUMPS.

!/• Write for new catalogues and price-lists.

^ Our pumps are used by the Virginia and North
^ Carolina Agricultural Department3.

SYDNOR PUMP AND WELL CO., Inc.,

Box 946, RICHMOND, VIRGINIA.

GASOLINE ENGINES, WIND MILLS, RAMS,

TANKS. WATER SUPPLY CONTRACTORS.

ARTESIAN WELL DRILLERS.

Cut shows a Kerosene Sprayer which can
be used for any other mixture.

CHARTERED 1870.

Merchants National Bank

Capital StocV.,
Surplus and Profits

$200,000.00
$628,000.00

OP RICHMOND, V/4.

Designated Depository of the United States, City of

Richmond and Commonwealth of Virginia,

Being the Largest Depository for Banks between Baltimore

and Hew Orleans, this Bank offers superior facilities for

direct and quick collections.

JNO. P. BRANCH, JNO. K. BRANCH, JOHN F. GLEHN,

President. Vice-President. Cashier.

Directors —John P. Branch, B. B. Munford, Chas. 3. Stringfellow, Thos. B. Scott, B. W. Branch,
Fred W. Scott, Jas H. Dooley, Jno K. Branch, A.S. Buford, Andrew Plzzlni, Jr., J. P. George,
Alex. Hamilton, Sam'iT. Morgan.

When corresponding with our advertisers always mention the
Southern Planter.

422

THE SOUTHERN FLANTEK.

[June

"MOORE" QUALITY !

'MOOR!" QUANTITY

J. s.

Successors to D. O'SULLrVAN, and J. S. AlOORE & SONS.
CORNER eiQHTEENTH & MAIN STREETS, RICHMOND. VIRQINIA.

Wholesale and Retail Grocers, Feed and Liquor Dealers.

Pride of Richmond Flour, $4.10 bar-
rel, or 27c. sack.

Dunlop Flour, $4.10 barrel, or 27c.
sack.

Daisy Flour, $3.75 barrel, or 25c.
sack.

Pure Lard, llMiC

Good Lard, 9 and 17c.

Best Salt Pork, llVic

Good Salt Pork. 8V2 and 10c.

Genuine N. O. Molasses, 60c. gallon.

Good N. O. Molasses, 50c. gallon.

Good Dark Molasses, 25c. gallon.

Best Bright Syrup, 35c. gallon, or
10c. quart.

Arbuckle's Coffee, 9%c. pound.

Cardova Coffee, 9c. pound.

Best New Cut Herring, 10c. dozen,
or $4.75 barrel.

Best Roe Herring, 20c. dozen, or
$2.75 half barrel.

Sardines, 4c. can, or $3.50 case.

Genuine Elgin Butter, 26c. pound.

Best Country Butter, 25c. pound.

Best Cream Cheese, 15c. pound.

Prunes. 4c., or 7 pounds for 25c.

Salt, 100-pound sacks. 45c.

Salt, 200-pound sacks, 80c.

Best Can Tomatoes, 8c. can.

Assorted Jellies, 1-quart jars, 9c.

Assorted Jellies, 5-pound pails, 20c.

All brands, 10c. Tobacco, 3 plugs
for 25c. 4

Good Luck Powders, 4 and 8c. can.

Red Seal Lye, 4c. can.

Evaporated Peaches, 8c. pound.

Lump Starch, 4c. pound.

Good Rice, 5c. pound.

Best Rice, 7c. pound.

Best Sherry Wine, imported, $3.00
gallon.

Good Port Wine, $1.25 gallon.

Catawba Wine. 12c. quart.

Duffy's Malt Whiskey, 80c. bottle.

O'Giady's Malt Whiskey, 85c. bottle.

Murphy's Malt Whiskey, 85c. bottle.

Casey's Malt Whiskey, 85c. bottle.

Seven-Year-Old Pure Maryland Rye,
S3.50 gallon.

Moore's Crown Rye, $2.50 gallon.

Moore's Keystone Rye. $2.25 gallon.

Corn Whiskey, $2.00 gallon.

News Boy Whiskey. 75c. bottle.

Apple Brandy. $2.50 gallon.

Good Rye Whiskey, $1,50 gallon.

Good Gin, $2.00 gallon.

Blackberry Wine, 12c. quart.

Best White Corn, 6Sc. per bushel.

Good Mixed Corn, 50c. per bushel.

Best Sifted Oats. 45c. per bushel.

Best Shipstuff, per cwt., $1.05.

Best Hay, per cwt., $1.05.

Best City Ground Meal, 18c. peck, or
(ijc. per bushel.

Millet Seed, 95c. bushel.

Cottou Seed Hulls, 50c. per 100
pounds.

Cottou Seed Meal, $1.30 per 100
pounds.

Coarse Meal, $1.15 per 100 pounds.

6 Boxes Axle Grease, 25c.

7 Pounds Oat Meal, 25c.

Green Rio Coffee, good quality, 8c.

E. B. Tea, 50c.

Oolong, 40c.

Good Tea, 25c.

Table Peaches, 3 cans, 25c.

Shredded Cocoanut, 15c. pound.

Three Bottles Catsup, 25c.

Pure Jelly, Vi-pound jars, 9c., or 3
for 25c.

Pure Syrup, %-pound jars, 9c., or 3
for 25c.

1-Gallon Cans Syrup, 40c.

Pure Pepper, 15c. pound.

Clover Seed, $4.50 per bushel.

Herd Grass, 9c. pound.

Timothy Seed, $2.00 bushel.

Special attention given to country
orders.

Prices Subject to Market Fluctuations. Order Now.

How is Your Wheat?

/^■|Vri7 (^]h TM^np Invested in a postal card and addressed to
THE CARDWELL MACHINE COM-
PANY, Richmond, Virginia, will bring you circulars regarding

Gardwell's Thresher and Cleaner

They are SIMPLE, DURABLE and EASY TO WORK.
Capacity, 200 to 1000 bushels of wheat per day, according to size
and character of grain.

THE CARDWELL MACHINE CO.,

Nineteenth and Cary Sts.,

RICHMOND, VIRGINIA.

1903.]

THE SOUTHEEN PLANTER

423

The following list of papers and periodicals
are the most popular ones in this section.
We can SAVE YOU MONEY on whatever
Journal you wish.

DAILIES.

Price. With
Alone. Planter.

Times-Dispatch. Richmond, Va $6 00 $5 00

The Popt, Washington, D. C 6 00 6 00

The Sun, Baltimore, Md ?. 00 S 40

News-Leader, Richmond, Va 3 00 3 00

TRI-WEEKLY.

The World (thrlce-a-week), N. Y.... 1 00 1 25

WEEKLIES.

Harper's Weeltly ...'. 4 00

Harper's Bazaar 100

Montgomery Advertiser 100

Nashville American B9

The Baltimore Sun 1 00

Breeder's Gazette 2 00

Hoard's Dairyman 1 00

Country Gentleman 1 50

Central Presbyterian, " " 2 00

Religious Herald, Richmond, Va 2 00

Times-Dispatch, Richmond, Va 1 00

Christian Advocate, " " 1 50

Horseman 3 00

SEMI-MONTHLIES.

50

Wool Markets and Sheep

Dairy and Creamery 50 75

Commercial Poultry 50 75

All three 1 50 1 15

MONTHLIES.

North American Review 500 600

The Century Magazine 4 00 4 25

St. Nicholas Magazine 3 00 3 25

Lipplncott's Magazine 2 50 2 50

Harper's Magazine 4 00 4 00

Forum Magazine 3 00 3 25

Scrlbner's Magazine .'. 3 00 3 26

Prank Leslies Magazine 1 00 1 35

Cosmopolitan Magazine 100 135

Everybody's Maga7ine 100 135

Munsey Magazine 100 135

Strand Magazine 1 25 1 65

McClure's Magazine 1 00 1 35

Argosy Magazine 100 135

Review of Reviews 2 50 2 75

Southern Fruit Grower 50 85

Where you desire to subscribe to two or
more of the publications named, you can ar-
rive at the net subscription price by deduct-
ing 50 cents from "our price with the
PLANTER." If you desire to subscribe to
any other publications not listed here, write
us and we will cheerfully quote clubbing or
net subscription rates.

Subscribers whose time does not expire
until later can take advantage of our club
rates, and have their subscription advanced
one year from date of expiration of their
subscription to either the PLANTER or any
of the other publications mentioned.

Don't hesitate to write us for any Informa-
tion desired; we will cheerfully answer any
correspoBdence.

We furnish NO SAMPLE COPIES of other
perlodltaU.

Seed House of the South.

JAPAN
BUR

CLOVER,
6L0VER,

RED TOP or

HERDS GRASS,

KENTUCKY

BLUE QRASS,

RANDALL

QRASS,

TALL MEADOW

OAT GRASS,

JOHNSON

GRASS.

GERHAN

MILLET,

BUCKWHEAT,

OATS and

CANE SEED.

"Whatsoever One Soweth, That Shall He Reap."

We sell strictly reliable FIELD AND GARDEN SEEDS of every
variety at Lowest Market rates, included in which are
RAGLAND'S PEDIGREE TOBACCO SEEDS.
^ ^ ^ WE ALSO SELL

Our Own Brands of Fertilizers

For Tobacco, Corn, Wheat, Potatoes, &c.

Pure Raw-Bone Meal, Nova Scotia and Virginia Plaster and
Fertilizing Materials generally.

Parties wishing to purchase will find it to their interest to price our goods.
Samples sent by naail when desired.

1016 Main Street,
LYNCHBURG, VA.

Wm. A. Miller & Son, ^

Headquarters for
Nursery Stock.

WHOLESALE

AND

RETAIL.

We make a specialty of handhng dealers' orders.
ALL STOCK TRUE TO NAME.

Apples, Nectarines,

Pecans,

Ornamental and

Pears, Cherrv,

Chestnuts,

Shade Trees,

Peach, Quinces,

Walnuts,

Evergreens,

Plum, Almonds,

Small Fruits,

Roses, Etc.

Apricots,

CALIFORNIA PRIVET, tor Hedging.

WRITE FOR CATALOGUE.

. . AGENTS WANTED.

FRANKLIN DAVIS NURSERY CO.,

Baltimore, Md

424

THE SOUTHER^r PLANTER

[June

Established by
GEO. WATT, 1840.

THE CALL-WATT CO.,

MANUFACTURERS OF

MANFRED CALL.
Gen'l Manager.

THE CROWN, CRESCENT, AND WATT PLOWS,

AND REPAIRS FOR PLOWS IN GENERAL USE.

— Dealers In IMPLEMENTS, MACHINERY and VEHICLES.

WE MAKE PLOWS that will enter hard ground when no other plow will. If your land is hard and dry, get
relief and a good plow at same time.

GOOD ROADS can be made by using our ROAD PIjOWS. Specially adapted to heavy work and hard ground.
Have been used successfully where other much higher priced plows would not enter hard earth.

THE DEERE AND PITTS DISC HARROWS. Steel Shanks. Dust Proof Bearing Boxes. Flexible Gangs, allow-
ing the inner ends to rise and fall independently, and still retain the same even pressure in uneven ground on every disc.

THE DEERE STEEL LEVER HARROW. Strong. Flejible. with Spring Trip, relieving all strain on teeth when
passing an obstruction.

THE DEERE DISC CULTIVATOR. Light and Strong, High Arch. Solid Steel Axle. Wheels adjustable in width.
Pivoted Tongue, Dust Proof Bearing Boxes. Convertible into an 8-disc Harrow. Entire weight can be thrown on discs
when desired in hard ground.

GRAIN AND FERTILIZER DRILLS. With Disc or Hoe. For Grain, Corn, Peas, and Fertilizers accurate work
can be depended on.

THRESHING MACHINES FOR GRAIN AND PEANUTS. From one to ten horse power. Sold upon their merits,
and guaranteed to give satisfaction. Unsurpassed by any, and sold at prices lower than any other first-class machines.

BALING PRESSES. For Hand, Horse or Steam Power, at prices that will enable every grower of hay to have
his own press.

FIELD ROLLERS. Steel Rims. Solid Steel Heads, keep the earth from clogging in the shells as in all open
head rollers. Special oil device, tree from grit.

THE IMPERIAL ONE HORSE FARM WAGONS. Steel Arlc and Thimble Skein. Built of best material and sold
under full guarantee,

THE MOLINE WAGONS. Light Running and Durable. Guaranteed to be made of best airdried lumber.
Handsomely finished, and have feature not found in any other.

ENGINES, SAW MILLS, CORN AND FEED MILLS, CORN SHELLERS, FEED AND ENSILAGE CUTTERS,
PEA HULLERS, ETC.

We solicit inquiries for anything needed.

13 So. Fifteenth Street,
Between Main and Cary.

RICHMOND, VA. THE CALL=WATT CO.

R.

CATALOGUES.
J. Hancock & Son, Charlottesville,
Va. Catalogue of the Ellerslie year-
lings to be sold at the Brooklyn Rare
Course, Gravesend, N. Y., June 12, 1903.

Piedmont Nurseries, Piedmont, N. C.
North Carolina Woody and Herbaceous
Plants and Other Ornamentals. Spring
Catalogue, 1903.

Danforth Chemical Co., Leominister,
Mass. Bug Death.

Piano Division Internation Harvester
Co. of America, Chicago, 111. Lighten-
ing Piano Harvesting Machines.

Deering Division International Har-
vester Co. of America, Chicago, 111.
The Deering Corn Machine Annual for
1903.

"Pat," said a manager to one of his
workmen, "you must be an early riser.
J always find you at work the first
thing in the morning."

"Indade and Oi am, sor. It's a fam-
ily trait, Oi'm thinking."

"Then your father was an early
riser, too?"

•'Me father, is it? He roises that
early that if he went to bed a little
later he'd meet himself getting up In
the mornin'." — Western Christian Ad-
vocate.

je THE Jt

SEABOARD

AIR LINE RAILWAY

OFFERS
PROFITABLE
INVESTMENTS
TO-^

THE MANUFACTURER,
THE STOCK RAISER,
THE DAIRYMAN,
THE FRUIT GROWER,
THE TRUCKER.

WHERE YOUR LABOR IS NOT IN VAIN.

Would a country where work can be carried on the entire year and where
laige profits can be realij.ed interest you?

The SEABOARD Air Line Railway traverses six Southern States and a
region of this character. One two cent stamp will bring handsome illustrated
literature descriptive of the section.

J. B. WHITE,
Gen. Industrial Agl., Portsmouth, Va.

EDW. W. COST, CHARLES B. RYAN,

Traffic Mgr. Gen. Pass. Agt., Portsmouth, Va.

When corresponding with our advertisers always mention the
Southern Planter.

1903.]

THE SOUTHEKX PLANTER.

425

WAGONS and BUGGIES

MADE

RIGHT HERE

AT HOME

BY

The BARBOUR BUGGY CO.,
The HUGHE5 BUGGY CO.,
The VIRGINIA WAGON CO. j

These vehicles are guaranteed to be as good as can be bought elsewhere; material and
workmanship unsurpassed ; all sizes and styles, prices low. We can save you time,
money and freight by purchasing our vehicles. Send for our illustrated catalogues.
Drop in our warehouse and inspect our stock. Inquiries cheerfully answered.

AGENTS rOR DEERING MACHINES.

RICHMOND BUGGY & WAGON C0., 1433 E. Main Street. RICHMOND, VA.

\ J. T- DUNN, Manager.

i <K><H>CH><H><H><KKH><KKHi<KKK><H>0<><K>O<^^

All of Virginia.

R. H. BOSHER'S SONS,

15 S. 9th St., Richmond, Va.

Carriage and Wagon Makers.

Building Carriages (o order is our special business. Re-
pairing and Repainting done, and best material used. A
full line of all the latest styles. Orders for all classes of
Vehicles solicited.

1903 IN THE STUD AT LAUREL HILL FARM 1903

THE FINE HACKNEY STALLION

1903. IN THE STUD. 1903.

WEALTH, 29579.

RACE RECORD, 2:17>^, Pacing.

Tiiiie.l .-^eparatelv in 2:0S in a race at Indiana
State Eair. 1902
Bay horse, foaled 1R97: llj hands high, weight, 1,200. lbs.
Sired by Gainbetta Wilkes, 2.19i, dam Magnolia, by Norfolk,
3670. AVealth is grand individually and in appearance.

FEE, $20 the Season with return privjlege. or $25 to insure.
Address s. F, CHAPMAN, Gordonsviile, Va.

HEIDREIK

Bay horse, foaled 1S98: Ifi hands high. This horse has

great natural action, and is capable of getting

the highest class harness horses.

FEE, $10.00 the Season or $15.00 to Insure.

Addr

C, F, & J. BUTTON. Wallter's Ford, Va.

WHALEBONE, 7872.

Sired by Abdallah Wilkes, son of George Wilkes, 2.22.
Dam Maggie 0., by .4bdallah, 15, sire of Goldsmith Maid,
2.14; second dam Viley Filly, by Pilot, Jr., sire of dam of
Maud S., 2.0S4.

NoTK. — Whalebone Is a richly colored bay horse of fine
size, handsome and well formed. His disposition is perfect.
He has sired Visitor, 2.265. and other winners.

FEE, $15, with usual return privilege.

Addre.ss W. J. CARTFR,

P. O. BO.X 929. RICHMOND, VA.

GREAT STAKES, 25521.

RACE RECORD, 2:20 Trotting.

By horse, by Billy Thornhill. 2.24, dam Sweetstakes, by

Sweep Stakes, 29S. Great Stakes has sired Captain,

2.16i: Foxhall. 2.193. and four others in the list

FEE. 25,00 for the Season of 1903,

W. H. NELSON, 1417 E. Franklin St., Richmond, Va.

Pedigrees trac.?d and tabulated. Catalogues compiled and
circulars prepared. Special attention given registration
matters pertaining to thoroughbreds and trotting horses

. . . BY . . .

w. J. CARTER (Broad Rock),

P.O. Box 929 RICMMOND, VA.

Representing the ....

The Ti.uts-DisPATCH. Richmond, Va.

SoLTHLHN Planter. Richmond, Va.

Sport.s ot THE TiMts, New York.

Kr;NTi fKv Stock Farm. Lexington, Ky.

Bkuedek a.nd Sportsman, San Francisco, Cal. ■

42(3

THE SOUTHEKX PLANTKil.

[June

New Factor; Building Just Purchased By INTERNATIONAL STOCK FOOD CO., Minneapolis. Hiim.

It is the famous Exposition Building buUt by the city of Minneapolis on the bank of the
Mississippi River and overlookinp St. Anthony Falls. It is now to be used for the
manufacturing of their celebrated "International Stock Pood." The building is 300 by 300 feet
and has an addition 7S by 150. It is the largest manufacturing building in the entire
Northwest and contains over 600,000 feet of space. It cost the city over |400,000

REPORTS.

U. S. Department of Agriculture, Wash-
ington, D. C. Bureau of Animal
Industry. Circular 40. Officials,
associations and educational insti-
tutions connected with the dairy
interests of the United States for
year 1903.

Bureau of Chemistry. Bulletin 75.
Sugar Cane Culture in the South
best for the manufacture of table
syrup.

Office of Experiment Stations. Experi-
ment Station Record. Vol. XIV.,
Xo. 9.

Office of Experiment Station. The
Source of CarlwHydrates for the
South for the Production of Meat.

OfRce of Experiment Stations. Some
Features of Recent Progress in
Agricultural Education.

Ofuce of Experiment Stations. Co-
operation Between Experiment
Stations and Farmers.

Office of Experiment Stations. Popu-
lar Editions of Station Bulletins.

Single Germ Beet Balls and Other Sug-
gestions for Improving Sugar Beet
Culture.

Sugar Beet Pulp as Animal Food.

Farmers' Bulletin No. 113. The Apple,

and How to Grow it.
Farmers' Bulletin Xo. 167. Cassava.
Farmers' Bulletin No. 1C8. Pearl Mil-
let.
Alabama, Tuskegee Normal and Indus-
trial Institute, Tuskegee, Ala. Farm-
ers' Leaflet Xo. 14. Raising
Chickens.
Colorado Experiment Station, Fort
Collins. Col. Press Bulletin 19.
Grasshoppers.
Idaho Experiment Station, Moscow,
Idaho. Bulletin 34. Tomato Cul-
ture.
Bulletin 35. Meteological Records.
Bulletin 36. The Codling Moth.
Bulletin' 37. Some Conditions of
Stock Poisoning in Idaho.
1-ouisiana Experiment Station, Baton
Rouge, La. Bulletin 73. Forage
Crops, Grasses, Alfalfa, Clovers,
etc.
.Michigan Experiment Station Agricul-
tural College, Michigan. Bulletin
201. Mosquitoes and Other In-
sects of the 'V'ear 1902.
.Missouri Experiment Station, Colum-
bia, ilo. Bulletin 54. The Straw-
berry False Worm. The Straw-
berry Leaf Roller.
Bulletin 5.j. Pruning Peach Trees.
Bulletin 59. Corn Improvement for

Missouri.
New Hampshire Experiment Station,
Durham. X. H. Bulletin 100. The
V.'hite Fly of Greenhouses.
Bulletin 101. Fungous Diseases and

Spraying.
Press Bulletin 47. The Brown Tail
Moth in Xew Hampshire.
Xew York Experiment Station, Geneva.
X. Y. Bulletin 221. Shall Potato
Growers Spray?
Bulletin 229. Directors' Report,

1902.
Bulletin 230. Some Facts About
Commercial Fertilizers in New
York.
North Carolina Experiment Station,
Raleigh, N. C. How to L'tilize the
Surplus Apple Crops.
Ohio Experiment Station, Wooster, O.
Bulletin 137. Suggestions concern-
ing Apple Culture.
Rhode Island Experiment Station,
Kingston, R. I. Bulletin 91. Bush
Fruits.
Bulletin 92. The Soy Bean.
Virginia Weather Bureau, Richmond,

Va. Repoi-t for April. 1903.
West Indian Department of Agricul-
ture. Barbadoes, W. I. Agricultu-
ral News.

1903.]

THE SOUTHERN PLANTER.

427

LABOR=SAVINQ IMPLEMENTS AND MACHINERY.

Oora Planter.

/-•/-vQiyr Qi AMTPD^ "^^^ HOOJIEK, both sii):-le ;uiii double row,
LUKll r LA.l> 1 CKO. ^vlth aBd without fertilizer attachment. The

SPANGI.EK fur Corn, Peas and Sortth urn.

CULTIVATORS. ^^^^c^^J

vators au.l Horse Hoes. CONTINENTAL Disc
Cultivators and Harrows, the best in the world.

Spring tooth attachments for cultivator. RODERICK LEAN steel lever harr. ws for

one, two and three horses.

THE SOUTH
BEND CHILLED
PLOWS.

DISC CULTIVATOR.

HORSE KOE.

Wood or Steel beam ; all sizes. Guaranteed equal to any made.

THE CELEBRATED

HANCOCK DISC PLOW.

5ingle or Double Disc.

DISC HARROWS— All Sizes.

SPIKE TOOTH HARROW.

THE OLD RELLABLE

PEERLESS ENGINES.

SAW MiLLS and
THRESHING MACHINES.

THE FISH, THE WEBER AND THE CHAMPION WAGONS

IN ALL SIZES.

General agency for the Columbus Buggy Co., Col-
umbus, Ohio. A. Wrenn & Sons, Norfolk, Va , and
other celebrated makers of vehicles. All grades in
stock.

Harness, Robes and Whips, Pittsburg Perfect Wire

Fencing, welded by electricity. Circular for the
asking'. Correspondence solicited.

THE WATT PLOW CO.,

1452 E. FRANKLIN and
1404 E. MAIN STREET.

Richmond, Va.

4J8

THE SOUTHEKX PL^\2s:TpR.

[Jiiue

Latest Improved FARM IMPLEMENTS.

ANTI-DIRT MILK PAIL

Only Pail ma.le Unit preveuls Iiirt iiu.l Uair from
dropping iui.i ilio Milk nnii STKAINS IT TWICE
while milking, Aeniles iind I'ools it.
Every Farmer and Dairyman Should Use it.

Special prices given on Studebakcrand Brown

Wagons, Buggies and Carts.
Stud;baker Buggies, all styles, Studebaker
Carriages, Studebaker Carts, Stude-
baker Runabouts.

Aspinwall Potato Planter.

Automalic, Accurate ami Kellatile. Used by
thousands of practical growers tlip world over.

Over twenty years on the market. Don't be
fooled by Imitations and nmke-sliifts but write
for attractive illustrated catalosnc.

Buckeye Force Pumps. Porce-

lained Wood Pumps. Wood

and Steel Wind Mills.

Frick and Aultman and Taylor

Engines, Saw Mills and

Threshers.

The
^m Celebrated

«ifis^ Plymouth
[^ Twine*. ^

E.ven, SmootK,
Strong, - Full
Leng'tK. Every
Ball Warrant-
ed. wS> j0 ^ ^

IT DRAi\^S THE BRR-

Bement Disc Cultivator, with
6 org Disc.

Built entirely of steel, steel forgings and mal-
leable iron. The most simple and easiest ad-
justed cutllvator ou the market to-duy. Write
tor circular!! and testiuionluls.

rHC WHEELS WILL NOT LIFT VdOM THE OROUNIk.

CHAMPION Mowers, Reapers, Binders. Hay
Rakes aitd Twine.

Genuine BROWN Walking and Riding

'.'ullivutor. .\11 styles. Write for

circular and prices.

Smith's EUREKA f'ora Planters.

FARMER'S FRIEND Plain and Fertilizer

Planters.

TKJER'Double-Row Plain Planters. ' TKiER

Double-Row Planters with Fertilizer and

('heck Rower Altticliment.

THiEK .^loel au.l Wooii Self-Dumi
GRANilER Steel and Wood Hand-Dump I
all sizes.

ELI BALING PRESSES.

sjyies nnd sizes. For horse or st
Write for prices and catalogues.

Kemp's Improved Manure Spreader,
Tliree Sizes.

^^^SSfc"*—

One and Two-H.rse Planter, Plain
or with Fertilizer Attachment.

Cahoon Seed Sower.

Michigan Wheelbarrow Sower.

Three Size-s

Superior Urain and Fertilizer

Drills. Hoe and Disc.

"Bement" Improved Duplex
Tooth Weeders.

Write for circulars and prices.

HENING & NUCKOLS,

Successors to

CHAS. E. HUNTER,

MMLiiSl,

The Southern Planter.

DEVOTED TO

PRACTICAL AND PROGRESSIVE AGRICULTURE, HORTICULTURE,
TRUCKING, LIVE STOCK AND THE FIRESIDE.

Agriculture is the nursing mother of the Art8.==XENOPHON.
Tillage and pasturage are the two breasts of the State. =-SULLY.

64th Year.

Richmond, July, 1903.

No. 7.

Farm Management.

WORK FOR THE MONTH.

At this season of the year it has usually been our
practice to review the progress and condition of the
crops throughout the country, and endeavor to pre-
sent some idea of what the probable returns are likely
to be and to point out deficiencies and make such
suggestions for meeting these as are still capable of
being carried out. The unusual weather conditions
which have prevailed more or less over the whole
coimtry since the commencement of the crop-planting
season renders this work this year a difficult one.
The great disturbing factor in the crop situation in
the South was, first, the unseasonable weather in
the month of March, when we had practically Mav
weatlier: and, secondly, the unseasonable weather of
April and May, when we had a March temperature
with a drought. The March weather forced the
wheat, oat and grass crops into rapid growth and
then the cold and drought of April and May checked
his so suddenly as greatly to impair the vitality of
^le crops. On the first of May we had the prospect
of one of the finest wheat crops ever raised in the
South. Since that time its condition has been one of
constant impairment, and now at harvest time the
yield promises to be below the average. Oats have
suffered in like manner, whilst the hay and clover
crops are seriously curtailed. Throughout the rest
of the country the winter wheat crop has been greatly
injured in some sections by drought and in others by
flood, so that the average condition as reported on the
first of June is 82.2, as compared with 92.6 on May
1st: 76.1 on June 1, 1002, and a ten-vear average of

79.1. The spring wheat crop is considerably less in
area than a year ago, but its condition comim'-
favorably with the ten-year average. The oat crop
is nearly 1,000,000 acres less in area than a year ago,
with an average condition below that of the ten-
year average.

The indications from these figures would seem
to be for smaller grain crops than those of last year,
and it is probable that they will be even less than
these figures indicate, as the full extent of the loss
of crops in Kansas, Iowa and Illinois by recent floods
was rot kno-mi at the time when these returns were
made up. It would seem to be wise policy for fai-"^
ers to be in no hurry to sell their wheat. Future
prices, in our opinion, will be higher, rather than
lower.

The corn crop of the So\ith starts its growth very
unfavorably for a heavy yield. The stand is every-
where reported to be uneven and late in starting, and
much of the crop has been planted on land poorh-
prepared. The drought of May made the land break
up cloddy and since this broke the rains have been
so freqiient as to prevent that cultivation necessary
to correct this condition. The month of Jxme, t
up to this writing, has been, throughout nearly the
whole South, much too cool for corn to grow, and
complaint is frequent of the bad color of the crop.
Corn which does not grow off quickly and make con-
tinuous rapid growth rarely makes a satisfactory
yield. We are, however, hoping to see now some

430

THE SOUTHERN PLANTER.

[July

sununeT weather and this will, if it comes, help the
crop materially. There is plenty of moisture in the
soil, and this is a great factor in the growth of the
crop.

The tobacco crop was late planted, and much of it
set out in land too dry for the young plants to have
a chance to start growth at once. Since it was
planted the weather has been too cool for the best
j^rogress, and so prospects are not of the brightest.
The reports we receive lead us to believe that there is
a less area planted than last year.

The cotton crop prospects are distinctly unfavor
able, as the average condition on the 26th of May
was only 74, as compared with 95 on May 26, 1902,
and a ten-year average of 86. This condition is for
the cotton States as a whole, and for Georgia, Ala-
bama and Texas in particular — the lowest condition
ever reported at this season of the year. The crop
is almost everywhere from ten to twenty-one days
late. There is an increase in the area planted of over
1,000.000 acres.

The drought of May has materially reduced the
hay crop of the country generally, and indications are
that this will have the effect of causing firm prices to
prevail during the year. Here, whilst the earliest
d-ops have been much shortened, there is yet time for
much of this deficiency to be made good by second
crops.

Reviewing these conditions it would not seem that
prospects are of the brightest, but with a fine late
summer and fall there is yet the chance that southern
farmers may not be amongst those who will suffer
most. There is yet ample time to plant forage crops
to make good any deficiency in the hay crops and for
fodder, and we would urge that no efforts should be
spared to attain this end. The probable shortage
of the corn crop should be supplemented by cow
peas planted for a seed crop.

Prices for all farm and truck crops and for stock
keep good, and with such prospects as we have indi-
cated for future crops and with the enormous con-
sumption which a fully employed population calls
f'lr, we see no reason to anticipate any drop in these.
^^'^latever the farm produces can be readily spld, and
at a paying price. We would, therefore, urge the
production of everything possible.

The cultivation of the corn crop should receive
very particular attention this month, as iipon the
effectiveness of this work will largely depend how
far the present backward and unpromising condition
of the crop is to be improved upon. With such culti-
vation as can, and ought to, be given, and with the
moisture now in the land, if we have only hot weather
this condition can be so improved as to bring the
yield nearly up to the average. Few farmers appre-
ciate what an important factor the presence of abun-
dant moisture in the land is to the well doing of the
corn crop and how necessary it is to conserve it. In
experiments made at the Wisconsin Experiment
Station it has been found that it requires about 310
pounds of water to produce a single pound of dry
matter. By figuring up the amount of dry matter in
an 80-acre field of corn and multiplying by 310 the
pounds of water that are required to produce the
crop will be secured. The result is astonishing.

It does not seem possible that such an enormous
quantity of moisture can be secured by the com
plants during the growing season, and, more impor-
tant than all, this moisture, In most part, la us(:d
during July and August, the months of least rainfall
in the year ; so it can easily be seen that the conserva-
tion of the moisture in the soil is an exceedingly im-
portant problem, and one which every com grower
in the country will find it profitable to investigate.

The Illinois Station conducted exhaustive tests of
the comparative amount of moisture conserved by the
different methods of cultivation. Two things were
found to be true: First, that deep cultivation con-
serves soil moisture; and, second, that frequent cul-
tivation conserves the moisture most effectively of all
plans of cultivation. It was found that in the deep
cultivations, despite the excess of moisture, the yield
was very low, compared with shallow culture. To
find the cause of this an extensive series of experi-
ments with the pruning or cutting off of the roots
of the corn plant was conducted. / ■<

In this root-pruning experiment a field of com wai>^
selected and one row was root pruned two inches^
deep. This root pruning was done with a broad,
sharp spade. The spade was set down about six
inches from the stalk of com in the hill on every side
of the hill. The spade was pushed down into the soil
and a guard allowed it to penetrate just to the depth
planned for in the experiment. The whole field was
cultivated with a weeder and all weeds not removed
in this way were cut out by hand. This was .done
so that the rows of corn would receive equal cultiva-
linn and he under like conditions. The pruning was

1903.]

THE SOUTHERN PLANTER.

431

done three times in the season at about tHe ordinary
times of cultivation. The second row was not
pruned and the third row was pruned four inches
deep. The fourth row was not pruned and the fifth
row was pruned six inches deep. This was repeated
until a large field was treated in this manner.

The resulting yields were as follows for three
seasons: Not pruned, 62 bushels an acre; pruned
two inches deep, 60 bushels an acre ; pruned four
inches deep, 4.5 bushels an acre ; pruned six inches
deep, 30 bushels an acre.

In fact, these, and all other similar experiments,
simply prove that any injury to the roots of the plants
reduces the yield. The amount of this reduction
was about in proportion to the number of roots cut'
oif. These experiments explain very clearly the re
duction of the yield by deep cultivation.

The results of experiments, and from practical
experience, are to the eflfect that continued cu'civa-
tion, keeping a loose mulch on the s-.rface of tfe soil,
gives the best results. The general practice coming
into vogue among the most progressive and si'ccessf ul
corn growers is that after com reaches a jeight to
interfere in cultivating with the ordinary two-horse
cultivator, to use a single horse with a five-tooth
harrow or drag and cultivate between the rows of
corn during the setting of the ear? on the stalks.
The yields to the acre of 100 bushels have been se-
cured by this plan, and experience tas proved it to be
practical and successful on a lar^e scale.

With the results of these experiments before you
cultivate shallow, cultivate frequently, and the re-
sult with the land so full of moisture, as it now is,
will probably be a yield of corn which may suffice to
make good the deficiency which an ungenial May,
and ci^n sequent late planting, threatens.

fertility and raoisturJ and prevent washing, and at
the same time ivrnish fall, winter an.l spring gi-aziv.i^
for stock.

Let 'he sa^ne ''ueful and frequent cultivation be
given the (.•<.. tton and tobacco crops. The same prin-
ciples apply to these as to the corn crop, though these
being crops havirg a less widely ramified root system
there is less danger of root pruning in the middles of
the rows with somewhat deeper cultivation than
would be safe with the corn crop.

When it is impossible longer to continue cultiva-
tion without breaking down the stalks or leaves, then
lay the crop by iei^el, and in doing so seed the land
with cow peas or crimson clover, sapling clover and
a small quantity of rape, say two pounds to the acre,
so that when the principal crop is harvested there will
be something left growing on the land to conserve

• After the sm-,'^ grain crops have been harvested,
and when not "^eded in grass or clover, run over the
stubble with ■ ^^^^ harrow and sow either cow peas
or crimson '^o'^er or sapling clover or rape, with some
wheat or -"^^s i^^i^*"*^ with these, and thus find the
land so'i^^li"ig better to do than grow a crop of
weeds which only impoverish the land and make no
gout ibution towards carrying the live stock oi liie
fa-m or even furnish more than the very smallest
CLiantity of vegetable matter for making hum;i3. It
is of vital importance to the maintenance and en-
hancement of the fertility of land in the South ;hat
some cover crop should be kept on the land at all
times. Naked land becomes rediiced in fertility
faster than when growing a crop.

Where clover or grass has been seeded with the
small grain, crops see that the weeds, which spring
up as soon as the crops are cut, are not allowed to
flower and seed. There doing so robs the grass and
clover of moisture and plant food and often makes
a good stand at the cutting of the crop a failure before
winter sets in, and in any event sends it into winter
weakened and tender, and hence more subject to win-
ter killing. Set the mower high enough to clip the
weeds without taking too much off the clover and
grass and leave the weed cuttings as a mulch. These
will sink down into the bottom and form a protection
to the roots in winter.

This month and August are the best times for
seeding dwarf Essex rape for fall, winter and spring
gi-azing for sheep, hogs and young cattle. This crop
is most valuable for this purpose, but cannot be
cured for dry forage. An acre of rape has been
found to be the equivalent of 2,767 pounds of grain
when fed to hogs at the Wisconsin Experiment Sta-
tion. Sheep and lambs fatten on it quickly, but it
is not fit to feed to milch cows, as it is apt to taint
the milk. Three or four pounds of seed will sow an
acre broadcast or two pounds will sow the same area
in drills two feet apart. It makes a heavier crop
when sown in drill and cultivated two or three times.

Prepare land for rutabagas and turnips. . These
crops, in order to be grown successfully, require the
land to be finely broken and be in a good state of
fertility. A dressing of 500 or 600 pounds of acid

432

THE SOUTHEK.N PLAXTEl^

[July

phosphate per acre Mill be for.n^ profitable, even on
good land. Kntagabas sWinld bt sown this month
or in the lirst half of Angust. fhey make a Virop
that, keeps better than common tni\,,s and are b^ter
feed for stock. With heavy fcrtili^on with farm-
. yard manure and acid phosphate-Aa-entv-five or
thirty tons to the acre — can be easily gi'cs-n, and thev
will-HDe found of inestimable value m th^yinter for
feeding cows, sheep and hogs. They are \^gt sown
in drills 2 feet 6 inches apart. _ After the plaii^ have
made two or three leaves they should be thinnk o^^t
in the rows so as to stand six or eight inches apyt
and slionld be kept cTiltivated and free from wee^.

ALFALFA.

In our last issue we wrote an article in which we
strongly encouraged the growing of alfalfa in the
South, ^d dealt with some of the problems involved
in the production of the crop. We will now take np
one or tvo other factors which lack of space then
compelled lis to pass by. Before doing so, however,
we want to bring to the notice of southern farmers
what is being done in one Southern State (Louisiana)
in the production of alfalfa and what a source of
profit it is found to he. In that State a considerable
number of cotton plaijters have for several years
grown the crop experimentally, and within the past

Two jwunds of seed will sow an acre in this way. Ill two or thr>e years have become so satisfied of its
sown broadcast four pounds <>{ seed will be needed,
Turnifjo may be sown in .August and September.

Soy beans and cow jjeas intended for hay should
bo cut when in bloom or when the first pods are
formed, and shoTild be raked into windrow after they
have wilted and partially dried and be allowed to
cure in these rows for a day and then be put into
cock to complete the curing. In this way the leaves,
which are the richest part of the plant in food value,
will be saved and bright, green hay will be made.

ofitableness that they are noM' growing it largely
j\i- market. One of these gentlemen, Mr. W. L.
EiNstcr, who has four hundred acres planted, says:
"'ItNeems to me that this queen of all hay and forage
planti is too little understood, otherwise there would
not bo 1, ton of hay shipped into Loiiisiana. On the
I'ontrarX there would be thousands of tons shipped
out of th\,State at a better profit than is made on cot-
ton, even it present high prices. I am not chemist
nv botanist -nough to say on what lands in the State
it will grow profitably, but believe that with proper

-After standing'in cock a few days open out after the expenditure of \ime in preparation, manuring and

dew is off and sun for an hour or two and haul to

the barn and pack down tight. If free from rain,

water or dew the hay will keep perfectly, even though

still having considerable natural moisture in it. It

will heat considerably, but this will not in.iure it if

not disturbed until cool again. Sorghum for hay

should be cured in the same Way. Cut before the

I)!ant blooms and seed forms.

Millet of the different varieties — German, Hun-
garian and Cat-tail — may yet be sown for hay and
will be ready for cutting in from sixty to seventy-five
days. Earlier-sovsTi croi)s should be cut and made
into hay as tliey come into bloom and before the seed
forms. We <!onsider German millet the best variety
to grow for a hay crop. Sow a bushel of seed to the
acre on finely prepared land and roll after sowing.

When threshing the wheat and oat crops see that
the straw and chaff are carefully saved, and have
tlie straw put up into stacks of a convenient size for
being put into the barn — a stack at a time — when
needed. With good, sweet straw, roots and cow peas
or soy-bean hay, young cattle can be kept growing
and improving all Avinter, and will make a large heap
of manure for the improvement of the land.

nursing it can be made to grow any where in the
State. I have seen it growing luxuriously on the poor
and worn hill laad of the Experiment Station in
North Louisiana, -but much time and expense was
re(]uired. On the ri^er lands between Baton Rouge
and New Orleans it seems to thrive well, and on the
l\cd river it seems to H? perfectly at home. I may
say that I use it as a profit crop on our low, stiff, red
lands that will not produce profitably any other
cro]i. Its value as a feed for horses, mules, cows
and hogs is unequalled by any other food. Hogs will
make splendid growth on it and fatten readily with-
out -any other feed, and that, too, with twenty or
twenty-five to the acre, where it grows well. Again,
it is ii fine fertilizer crop. Your land is improving
each year it grows on it, and when you wisli to get
rid of it (which will be nrA'cr unless you want to
plant it somewhere else) it is as easily killed as oats
or corn. * * '^ T am free to say that if alfalfa
hay is worth as many dollars per ton as cotton is
worth cents per pound, I would prefer to raise the
alfalfa. On our soils, with ordinary seasons for
growing and harvesting, we get three to five cuttings,
averaging from one half to a ton of cured hay per
cutting, and bringing in our market at Shreveport
from $8 to $15 per ton. The cost of handling varies,

1903.]

THE SOUTHERN PLANTER.

433

of course, with the seasons. It costs just as much to
cut and rake one half ton per acre as it does to cut
and rake a tone per acre. From my experience, and
ray alfalfa account, it costs an average of $1.25 to
$2.00 per ton to put in shape for the market. An
intelligent negro near our plantation, who works
twenty mules raising cotton, told me he had sold $500
worth of surplus hay per year off twenty acres. For
the last two years off sixty acres he has sold enough
to very nearly make his cotton crof clear. I think
a very conservative estimate would be $15 to $30 per
acre net per year, not coimting the pasturage in fall,
wintev and spring. My advice to every one who
works land would he to plant a small patch of
alfalfa for trial. If he succeeded with it he M?ould
have the most valuable crop that grows ; if he failed
it would be the most laudable failure he ever made.
In 1900 my overseer made with wage hands 253 bales
of cotton costing in money outlay $4,500 and bring-
ing on the market $10,575. In 1901 the same man
with the same labor, on poorer lan^l, harvested 1,100
tons of alfalfa, selling in car-load lots for $15 per
ton, or a total valuation of $16,500, with a money
outlay for labor and machinery repairs of $1,500.
In one case it reqiiired about 45 per cent, of the gross
value of the cotton to get it ready for the market ; in
the other it required only 10 per cent, of the gross
value of the alfalfa to put it on the market."

With such testimony as this from a southern
grower in favor of the crop there should be no hesi-
tancy on the part of all southern farmers in making
an effort to secure a stand of alfalfa. In our article
last month we pointed out the importance of getting
rid of weeds before attempting to grow the crop and
also the necessity for lime to render the land slightly
alkaline before seediinj>. Like all the clovers, alfalfa
cannot grow in acid soil, nor can the microbes, which
are so essential to the luxuriant growth of the crop,
flourish and multiply in acid soil. Without these
present the crop cannot obtain the nitrogen which it
needs from the atmosphere, nor can the land be im-
proved by its growth. Wherever these microbes are
absent in the soil the success of the crop cannot be
assured. It is, therefore, of great importance that the
best means of securing them should be considered.
In Illinois, where the growth of alfaKa is being en-
couraged, it was found that even in the rich prairie
soils there was not a sufficient supply of nitrogen
for the crop to make a luxuriant growth, and as the
soil was not infected with the bacteria necessary to
enable the crop to get its nitrogen from the atmos-
phere, the yield was not satisfactory. Dr. Hopkins,

of the Illinois Experiment Station, set about to con-
serve the soil nitrogen and obtain the required
quantity of that element from the air. He accom-
plished this by obtaining from Kansas bags of soil
taken from fields of alfalfa in which the bacteria
were known to be present, and this soil he sowed on
plots of alfalfa at the Experiment Station. Adjoin-
ing plots were iminoculated. In the fall of the same
year a marked difference, which is still very pro-
nounced, was noted. in the growth of the alfalfa ota
the infected plots and untreated plois, the plants on
the former being vastly more vigorous and luxuriant
than those on the latter. Results quite as conclusive
as showing the effectiveness of inociilation have oeen
secured by Illinois farmers from the Wisconsin line
to Cairo. Wherever infected soil is used rapid and
abundant growth is induced. Examination showed
that tubercles were plentiful on the roots of the plants
in the inoculated soil, and this proved Dr. Hopkins's
theory of soil inoculation. Plants in the uninocu-
lated plots drew their nitrogen from the soil which,
although very fertile, contained an inadequate supply
to enable the plants to grow apace with their neigh-
bors that derived nitrogen from the atmosphere. He
asserts that "No crop grown in Illinois requires such
large quantities of nitrogen as alfalfa." Large
quantities of manure or commercial fertilizer con-
taining nitrogen might have been applied to the un-
inoculated plots, but even this course, it is now
known, could not have produced the enormous growth
of alfalfa which was obtained on the infected plots.

Dv. Hopkins recommends the iise of about 100
pounds of the infected soil pej* acre. It may he
sown when the alfalfa is soAvn or after any emitting
of the crop the first season. The Illinois Experiment
Station now supplies the farmers of that State with
bags of infected soil at the cost of 50 cents per 100-
pound bag, and wherever this infected soil has been
apjjlied, and the conditions of soil and preparation
for the crop have been good, there alfalfa has grown
most successfully.

Mr. Ralph Allen, of Tazewell county, 111., writing
on this subject in the Breeders' Gazette, says:

T seeded a field of four acres last year and met with
both marked success and complete faihire — success in
that portion of the field where the soil _was inocu-
lated and failure where there was no inoculation.
]\ry field was thoroughly prepared and a very even
stand obtained. At the time of seeding I sowed about
one acre across the field with soil infected with alfalfa
bacteria, or, in other words,, with soil in which
alfalfa had grown successfully Avith its root tubercles
in abundance. I applied about 100 poimds of this

434

THE SOUTHERN^ PLANTER.

[July

soil to the acre. The whole field grew well during the
summer, and root tubercles were Wftd in abundance
six weeks after seeding on a small part of the infected
acre where the infection had been very heavily ap-
plied. As the seasim advanced the infected acre be-
gan to show more thrift, and at the end of the season
was noticeably larger than the uninfected parts. This
spring the field presented on May 10th a most con-
vincing proof of the absolute necessity of soil inocu-
lation. The growth of the alfalfa on the infected
acre had exceeded our most sanguine expectations.
It is of a dark-green color and making an enormous
growth. The drainage has carried the infection in
streaks and spots to the lower parts of the field, all of
which show the same luxuriance. The division line
separatinc a narrow strip of uninfected land on the
upper side of the field toward which there has 1)een
no drainage is as distinctly marked as the boundary
of a field. On fhose portions of the field where there
has been no inoculation the alfalfa is of a pale-yellow
color and very much of it is so feeble and stunted
that it will soon die out unless assisted. T have pro
cured more soil with which to inoculate these remain
ing parts of the field.

I would urge those who attempt to grow alfalfa to
go at it in the right sure way — do not take chances.
Where one man will succeed without systematic inoc-
ulation a score of men will fail. To depend on the
infection which is in the seed is too hazardous and too
expensive, and usually entails the loss of the first
seeding with the consequent loss of the use of the
land and labor for the year.

Infected soil can be procured for 50 cents per 100
pounds and the freight added. This is enough for
an acre. I procured both lots of soil that I used
from the Illinois Experiment Station. It may be
procured from well-established alfalfa fields where
there is an abundance of root tubercles. There is
no great mountain in the path; just get the infected
soil and sow it broadcast, by hand, if you like, one
handful at a throw. Sow at the time of seeding and
harrow it in : the little fellows in the dirt will do
the rest."

There are already several places in this and ad-
joining States where alfalfa is growing successfully,
and no doubt the owners of these farms will gladly
supply.small quantities of infected soil to their neigh-
bors. It would be of great service to the South-
ern States if the Experiment stations and the Test
farms, in connection with the State Boards of Agri-
culture, would follow the example of the Illinois
Experiment Station and supply bacteria-infected soil
to farmers at a nominal cost. We commend this sub-
ject to the attention of the directors of the stations
and the Presidents of the State Boards of Agricul

ture. It is of snch vital importance to the prosperity
of the South that successful stands of alfalfa be
secured that no efi'orts should lielacking to attain
this end. Whilst it is true that a successful stand
niav sometimes be obtained without the use of bac-
teria-infected soil, yet the chances are against it be-
ing more than a weak stand for a few years, at least,
as the bacteria carried with the seed is so small in
quantity that it takes a long time to infect a whole
field. We would suggest that farmers who have se-
cured a irood stand of alfalfa should make the fact
knouTi ihroughour columns and offer to supply small
quantities of soil for a nominal cost. We will gladly
make the announcement free of charge. With alfalfa
secured as a staple crop of the South there is scarcely
a limit to be placed on the quantity of live stock
which we can raise and feed profitably, whilst as a
sale crop it will, no doubt, quickly find a good market

^ILO BUILDING.

In our last issue, when writing on the planting of
crops for ensilage, we promised to say something in
this issue on the building of a silo. Whilst there are
not yet one-tenth of the silos in the South which we
hope to see built, yet there is a healthy tone of in-
quiry about these adiimcts to the storage capacity of
the farm which is very cheering to those of lis who
remember the time when no silo could be found in this
State. Every year we receive more inquiries as to
the feasibility of building a silo and feeding en-
silage, and we have never yet met with the man who
has once used a silo and fed ensilage who has dis-
carded the practice and gone back to dry forage stored
in a barn or stack. The silo, in a word, is the cheap-
est barn which a man can build, and ensilage is the
nearest approae'h to food in its natural fresh, succu-
lent state which can be fed to stock. It is also the
only barn in which a crop can be stored, either wet
or dry, and come out good feed. These being facts,
the wonder is that more of our farmers do not avail
themselves of such desirable aids to profitable farm-
ing. Too often the explanation of the neglect to do
so arises from ig-norance, and yet thousands of pages
of instruction on the matter have been penned and
published. The idea that a silo is a complicated and
costly structure and the making of ensilage a scien-
tific work has hitherto largely prevailed, and this
lias sufficed to prevent consideration of the subject.
The truth is, that a silo is nothing more than an air-
tight tnb which any common carpenter who knows

1903.]

THE SOUTHERN PLANTER.

435

how to build a frame building can erect almost as well
as a scientific builder, and that ensilage can be made
in this tub by any common laborer who knows how
to cut up the corn or any other forage crop into short
lengths and pack it tightly in the tub. Whilst saying
this we do not mean to say that the best silo can be
built by such a man as we have described, because
this would be to disparage the vahie of scientific
knowledge unduly; nor would the common laborer
who knows nothing of the laws governing the fer-
mentation of green or succulent feed make as good
and perfect silage as the scientist who had given
study to the subject. The difference between having
the silo built by a good builder having a knowledge
of the principles governing the requirements of a
practically air-tight chamber to be subjected to a
considerable strain, is that in the one case you would
get a building which would be likely to last much
longer and save much feed in the process of curing,
whilst in the other case you would probably find it
necessary to rebuild in a few years, and in the mean-
time lose each year the food which would feed seve-
ral cows for a week or two. The inexperienced
laborer would probably waste a still larger portion
of the crop from inattention to careful packing, but
even under the conditions of an inexperienced builder
and a common laborer, much less of the feed grown
would, in all probability, be wasted than is wasted
now every year by carelessly leaving the feed out of
doors or storing it in a leaky shed or barn. The great
advantage which a silo gives to a farmer is that U
enables him to store in a small space the produce of a
large area and that it keeps the food so stored in that
succulent condition which is most conducive to a
profitable consumption by stock. It does not add to
the feeding value of the crop converted into ensilage,
except in so far as the partial cooking which it under-
goes makes it probably more palatable and easier of
digestion and makes less waste, in that the hard parts
of the stalks are softened and so more readily eaten.
Another great advantage which a silo possesses is that
it enables, nay, requires, that the crop which is
siloed shall be cut when in full growth and at a time
when its feeding properties are at the best and that
it preserves these in that condition and places the
food in a shape ready for immediate consumption
by the stock, so that whatever may be the weather
conditions during the winter, a ration of good, succu-
lent feed is ready at all times for the stock and capa-
ble of being fed to them with little trouble and ex-
pense. The first point to be considered and decided
upon is tlie size of silo required to meet the needs

of the stock kept. To arrive at this it will be safe
to estimate the consumption of silage per day per
head of cattle at forty pounds. Multiply this by the
number of cattle to be fed and then by the number of
days for which feed is to be provided, and you have
the number of pounds for which stoiage is required.
Forty pounds may be taken as the weight of an
average cubic foot of silage, so that practically each
head of cattle will consume a cubic foot of silage per
day. In estimating the size of silo required there
must be provided not only space for this quantity of
silage when settled, but also space for the packing
of sufficient feed to make this quantity of settled
silage. To provide for this, add one-fourth to the
number of cubic feet of settled silage called for.
Whilst it is true that silage does not usually settle
one-fourth of its original bulk, yet much depends
as to this on the size, and particularly the depth of
the silo, and this is a safe allowance to be made.
The silo to hold this quantity of silage so ascertained,
may be either round, square, oblong or octagonal, but
we advise the building of a round silo, as the best
silage is usually made in a round building, as the
settling is usually more perfect and regular, there
being no corners to hold the food, and there is usually
less waste in a round one, as there are no comers
where the food can lie loosely and thus spoil. The
most essential point in building the silo is to get the
greatest depth with the capacity required. The less
the surface exposed to the air when the silo is opened
for feeding the less the waste. ' The greater the depth
the better will the silage be compressed and the bet-
ter the quality of the feed. For guidance in selecting
the size of building to be put up, we append a table
giving the capacity of round silos of different sizes.

If it is decided to put up a silo of the best con-
struction the plans and specifications adoptjed in
building the two silos at the Virginia Experiment
Station may be safely followed. These are two of the
best silos we ever saw, and if kept painted inside with
pitch and outside with paint, should last a lifetime.
They are each twenty-four feet in diameter and
twenty-four feet deep from sill to plate, and will hold
about 200 tons each. The following were the build-
er's specifications for building these silos :

Sills. — Sills to be made of two thicknesses, 2 inches
by 6 inches stuff cut to required circle in about 3-
foot lengths. Lap and spike all joinings and bed in
cement.

Plates. — Plates to be made of single 2-inch by 6-
inch stuff, cut to required circle, halved, lapped and
joined only on top of a stud and nailed down tight.

436

THE SOUTHERX PLAXTER.

[July

Studs- — Studs to be 2 inches by 4 inches by 24
feet long, well toe-nailed to plate and spaced llf
inches on centers. Take care to have all studs true
and straight. Eafters to be 2 inches by 6 inches, and
arranged as sho-\\ni on drawing. Notch down 2
inches on plate and spike well at all points.

Roof Sheatiiifi. — Roof to be sheated with 1-inch
by 2-ineh boards, bent to circle, and the boards laid
5 inches from center to center.

Siding. — Outside walls to be covered witli a course
of f th by 5^-inch ship lap siding, bent to cii'cle and
nailed with two ten-penny wire nails at each stud.
Inside stiids to be lined, first, with dry fx4 inch
jointed boards of even thickness. Xail at each stud
with two eight penny nails. Over this lay a course
of one-ply tar paper. Then lay a course of dry
tongued and groved ceiling ^* inches thick and 4
inches face dra^vn down tight by blind nailing
with eight penny nails at each stud, and face nail
with two penny nails at each stud.

Dormer. — Construct a dormer window in each
roof. Frame stoutly to rafters, and provide a stout
glazed sash and frame, frame to be made of 1-inch
boards with half inch stop; 3-inch oak sill, lx-| inch
outside casing and 1x4 inch inside casing, window to
be 3x4 feet glazed, with 12 lights, single 'thick glass.
Hang on 4 inch butt hinges and provide hasp, staple
and padlock on outside.

Doors. — Thei-e shall be placed three 2x4 feet doors
in each silo, each to l)e on the same vertical line and
each opening into chute. These doors are to be made
by cutting out the inside lining. Before cutting
out put on two battens to each door, two 6 inch strap
hinges to each door. After this is done the door may
be cut out and will fit snugly. Place a door stop all
round, thereby forming a rebate for the door to fit
in. Open doors into silo or chute, as directed by
superintendent and provide hasp and staple for each
door.

Ventilator. — Place a ventilator in roof, as shown
in drawing, lower slats to be half inch by 6 inches,
turned on angle of 45", and spaced 3-inch centers
and wire gauzed on back to prevent entrance of birds.

Ventilation. — Walls to be ventilated as follows:
Siding on outside is to run up and fit close to roof
sheating; siding at top and bottom to be bored with
1-inch holes in a double row, the holes being spaced
about 3 inches apart horizontally ; cover with bands
of wire gauze to keep out mice.

Gutter and Cornice. — Cornice will consist simply
of rafter ends and sheathing.

A silo built on the lines of the foregoing specifi-

cation will makp, as fine and durable a building as
any one need wish to have. For those who are not in
a position to spend the money which such a silo will
cost, and yet desire to have silage for their stock, we
now give particulars of a stave silo, which is the
cheapest form of such a building, and whilst not
adapted for a cold northern climate, meets all the re-
quirements of this southern country as a perfect
preserver of the feed. We take the particulars from
a description given by Professor ISTourse, of the Ex-
periment Station, Elacksburg, Va., of such a silo
built at 'Blacksl)urg before the completion of the
silos of which we have given the specifications. He
says : "We obtained some green oak lumber (the only
kind we could get at short notice). Ifi feet long 6
inches wide and 2 inches thick. The edges were
dressed by hand. Round iron bands, five in number,
large enough to encircle the silo, and with threads on
end, were bought and held in readiness for the plank.
The silo, erected by contract, was placed in position
as follows: The circle, 16 feet in diameter, was
marked on the ground and short pieces of plank laid
in such position as to cover the mark. Four of the
long planks were then set on end on the circle and as
far apart as possible. These were held in an upright
position by braces in various directions. Two of the
bands (made of |-inch iron) before mentioned were
bent as nearly in a circle as possible and one placed
about one foot from the bottom of the planks in the
upright position and held there by driving under the
band in each plank a twelve-penny nail, bending it
up and over the band. The ends of the iron band
with the threads on them were run through blocks
of cast-iron with two holes through them about two
inches apart, and a nut was then placed on each end
of the band, thus giving a method for tightening the
planks when all were in position. A second band
of iron was put about one foot from the top, and when
several horses had been made high enough for a
man standing on them to reach the top of the silo,
then we were ready to set up the rest of the plank.
These were put in until the space was all full, each
time one was put in a nail being driven part way
into the plank and bent over the band. The bands
wore then tightened somewhat and three more bands
were so placed as to make the bands not quite four
feet apart. By turning up the nuts on all the bands
the silo was soon tight enough for the crop to be
placed in. It will be noticed nothing is said about
a roof. Xone was made. The silage was left open to
the weather. The only result of this was a slight
drying of the surface — not enough to injure it." Pro-

1903.]

THE SOUTHEKN PLANTER.

437

fessor TSTonrse recommends tlie following changes
in erecting a similard silo as a result of the experience
gained in the use of the first one : The lumber used
■was green oak. On account of its customary warping
we would not use it again if other lumber were ob-
tainable. We have taken out some of the planks and
put in poplar. There was little loss in this, as the
ones taken out were perfectly sound and fit for other
purposes. Concerning the iron bands, we followed
suggestions of parties who had erected similar silos.
I would now do as follows: Procure (as can be
usnallv done) partially worn tire iron from heavy
wagons. Get a smith to rivet, not weld, these to-
gether so that two bands will go around the silo.
Kivet to the ends of these bands short pieces of iron
<ine-half inch thick by 2 inches wide. Bend v.p 3
inches of this thick iron and punch two three-quarter-
inch holes in the turned up portion, for each band
jn-oeure two bolts a foot long and three-quarters of an
inch in diameter. Have threads c\it on bolts nearly
the entire length and place these bolts thro\igh the
holes in upturned ends ; put on nuts and tighten the
silo. These are stronger, cheaper and easier to Avork
than the round bands. In the spring of 1897 we
erected a silo twelve feet high by ten feet in diameter,
using poplar plank and tire bands. It was filled with
oats cut just before they were beginning to turn.
The result was perfect ; crop kept good to the very
side and in as fine condition as coi;ld be possible in
an.y silo. To take the silage from a structure of this
kind it is necessary to cut apertures at intervals. In
OTir 16-foot one we have two places and in the 12-
foot one only one from which we take the product.
In refilling we take out the cut planks and insert
whole ones again.

The cost of the IG-foot silo was as follows:

10+ planks, 16 feet long, 2x6 inches $16 64

Five iron bands at $2 each 10 00

Contract price for erecting 10 00

Xails, about 30

$36 94
The cost of the smaller silo was as follows:

Plank, valued at $10 per thousand $ 6 30

Contract for erecting 5 00

Pour iron bands at $1.20 each 4 80

Xails, about 20

$16 30

The edges of the plank in the smaller silo were

not dressed, as we foimd it entirely unnecessary.

Any person can erect a silo 'if this sort, and if a

No. Cows.

Consumption

of SUage.

Tons.

6

20

9

30

13

45

21

74

25

90

■Average Acres
Corn Needed.

1

to

2

2

to

3

3

to

4

5

to

6

6

to

7

farmer has the lumber on his farm the actual cash
outlay would be reduced to the cost of the iron bands
and nails.

ESTIliATES FOR SILOS.

Estimated size of silo needed, and number of acres
required l^r a given number of cows, for a feeding
season of 1 SO days :

.n ^ize of

Silio Needeil.
Diam. Ht
9x20

10x22
1 1x25

13x29

14x30

We have now put before <>\\v readers the informa-
tion needed to enable them to provide either a costly
or a cheap silo. Given either the one or the other,
there is needed the machinery to fill it. This means
a cutting or shredding machine, with an elevator and
]iower to drive these. Where\er more than two or
three cows and the like number of horses or mules
are kept, a cutting or shredding machine — and we
prefer a shredder, as making a more palatable and
lietter consumed food — ought to be a jiart of the
permanent outfit of the farm, with either horse or
engine power to drive it. The best power, in our
opinion, for a farm is a gasoline engine. It is less
liable to cause tire than a steam engine and does not
require the special attention of an engineer to run it.
't js alsT c-'f^Po-'-'ical i i wurking cost, and is ready to
run at any moment if supplied with oil. Where
such an engine or other power and cutter and shredder
is part of the outfit of the farm it can be used to fill
the silo, which should be so placed as that this can be
utilized. An elevator is needed to carry the cut corn
or other crop to the top of the silo. The old style of
elevator — an endless band — is hoAV almost superseded
by the "blower," which is much more effective and
Avorks v/ithout hitch, Avhich could not be said of the
endless band elevator. In many sections these outfits
for filling silos are noAv carried round the country
from farm to farm like separators. Where this is
the case they caii usually be used Avith economy in
doing the work. It would, in many sections, be
Avise economy on the part of a number of neighboring
farmers to combine together and buy an engine, coi-n
husker, shredder and blower. 'We Avould urge that
the question of building a silo be at once given con-
sideration. If it is to be added to the farm — and if
once added it will never again lie dispensed Avith —
noAv is the time to build it so that it may be ready to
be filled in .\ugust and Septendier and the silage b©

438

THE SOUTHEKX PLANTER.

[July

ready for feeding November or December. A silo
meaii.« the saving and economical feeding of all the
roughage of the farm and the carrying of twice as
great a head of stock as is possible without it.

JOHNSON GRASS IN NORTHERN VIRGINIA.

Editor Soulhern Planter:

I see several readers of the Southern Planter want
to know how Johnson grass does north of Richmond.
I will tell them my experience with it in Hanover
county, on the Pamunkey river. Some ten years
hiick I cultivated some corn in a field that had three
or four patches of Johnson grass in it of from a
quarter to one acre in each. It is very hard to work
any kind of crop where this grass is growing. As to
its spreading. The patches are now two or three
times as large as they were then, although the land
lias be€n cultivated every year by a good farmer.
Cultivation won't kill it, but just makes it grow. But
one year's pasturing will kill it dead. I ran a fence
through a piece of it and put my stock on it, and
they not only killed that in the pasture, but on the
adjoining land as far as the cattle could reach it
thr(jugh the wire fence. This has been my experience
with two pieces in two different years. From one
of the pieces T cut four crops of hay, which would
average over three feet high at each cutting. 1 fed
it to my horses green and they eat it about like they
would crimson clover. It will grow on almost any
kind of land, and the richer the better. The piece I
cut was on a black sandy loam which would make
about four barrels of corn per acre. J. B. Lee.

Hanover county, Va.

GRASSES AND LEGUMES IN EASTERN VIRGINIA
AND NORTH CAROLINA.

Editor Southern Planter:

Anent the question of wild grasses in Eastern
North Carolina and Virginia. I am moved to wonder
iKir at their paucity, but at their abundance. Why,
in my neighborhood, wire or Bermuda grass, Caro-
lina vetch, sweet vernal, bluegrass, orchard grass,
red and white clover, timothy and various types of
lespidiza (Japan clover) grow on every roadside, lawn
and corner of one's garden. I send you by to-day's
iriail a plant that for the last few years I have noticed
ill increasing amount on sandy spots that will

scarcely grow anything else, and which I think is a
legume. (The plant is a legume ; the botanical name
is TrifoHum arvense. — En.) I notice stock seem fond
of it, and it somewhat reminds me of alfalfa. It
would seem to me that any of these grasses would, and
could, grow if properly planted and cared for, but it
is hard to remove the prejudice our farmers have for
anything in the line of gi-ass.

I am a comparative novice in farming, but began
right, six years ago, by subscribing for the Planter,
and have learned a good deal from it. I tried first
crimson clover, but prepared my ground for it and
got no stand. The next year I tried sowing the se«d
in my corn-field behind the corn pullers and had a
perfect stand. Learning that a seed-bed must be
made that would hold the water up to the top and in
reach of the clover roots, which are extremely deli-
cate, I next year ploughed in wheat and then har-
rowed my bed until so firm that a horse's hoof would
not sink in it. Then I rolled in my clover and the
result was marvellous. Mj- wheat headed at fifty-
four inches so thick it would hold up a hat, and my
clover blossomed out at the same time at forty-eight
inches, making the prettiest crop I ever saw, and
one which the Director of our State Experiment Sta-
tion said was the finest he ever saw. But I found,
and still find, crimson clover hard to cure. And now
comes my favorite of all grasses — sand vetch. Six
years ago I sent a piece of grass I noticed my horse
always headed for in the corner of my garden to
Professor Massey for him to name, and he wrote me
it was Carolina vetch. I read in the seed catalogue
that sand vetch was better than the Carolina, so con-
cluded to try it. Well, I still stick to it. The seeds
man said it was hard to cure, but I find it easier than
any other to make good hay of. Also, they said it
grew four or five feet high. Mine often grows eigh-
teen feet. I send you a specimen of my crop,
and I want to know whether I grow it extra heavy
or it is only another mistake of the seedsman. (The
specimen plant was 9 feet 6 inches in length. This
is more than the average. — En.) Lastly, they said
it was earlier than crimson clover, and that cattle
had to be educated to eat it, both of which statements
have proved erroneous with me. I find it is only an
occasional animal that refuses it at first and that all
gi-ow to like it. Lastly, I want to tell the way to
cut it : My crop is always so heavy that nothing will
hold it up, and even in the middle of our late
drought I foimd wet spots on the ground when I cut
it, and this moisture so macerates the stems that a
man can readilv rake off the vines with a long tined

1903.]

THE SOUTHEEN PLANTER.

439

rake, and this is the way I always cut mine, finding
it both effective and rapid.

I will close by relating an anecdote on one of our
progressive young farmers — a patient of mine — who
came to me the other day and said that he had sent |
$10 to a seedsman for Bermuda grass cuttings and
that the man had actually sent him mre grass roots,
and that he had more than enough of that already.

Moral: He does not read the Planter.

Edgecomhe. county, N. C. C. E. IsToefleet.

(Our correspondent is right as to the facility with
which grasses and the leg:umes grow in Virginia and
North Carolina when proper encouragement is given.
If southern farmers would labor half as hard to se-
cure stands of grass and clover as they do to kill them
out, the South would soon be covered Avith a carpet
of green not equalled by any other section of the
country, and the result would be permanent pros-
perity for the growers. — Ed. )

ENQUIRER'S COLUMN.

Enquiries should be sent to the office of The Southern Plan-
ter, Richmond, Va., not later than the 15th of the month for
replies to appear in the next month's issue.

ALFALFA EXPERIENCE IN VIRGINIA.

Editor Southern Planter:

A few days ago I enclosed you a plant which you
pronounced alfalfa. Twenty-five years ago I sowed
ten acres in alfalfa. It came up very scattering;
there was only now and then a plant, so I ploughed it
up. The next year I noticed a plant that I thought
was alfalfa growing on a poor hillside about one
hundred yards from the land I had seeded. This
plant was growing near an old stump. I suppose a
bird must have dropped the seed. Now and then
since that time I have noticed this same plant. Your
articles in the Planter have caused me to look after it,
especially this spring, and although it has been very
dry the plant is vigorous, healthy and looks as if it
might stay twenty-five years more. The hillside upon
which it grows has been considered too poor to cul-
tivate. That is why it was never ploughed up. The
land I sowed the alfalfa on was creek bottom: this
plant grows on stiff red land with clay subsoil. Your
articles, with this experience, will induce me to try
it again this fall.

If you think this experience is of interest enough
to publish you are at liberty to do so.

Bedford Co., Va. ^ A. W. Scott.

Tomato Worms.

Can you tell me what to do for the tomato worm —
the big green one like the tobacco worm. They are
not on them yet. but I suppose will be, as they have
in years past.

Accomac Co., Va. Ti-iomas D. Martin.

Hand picking is the only practicable way of deal-
ing with this worm. Paris green will kill them, but
it is not practicable to apply this remedy after the
fruits are set, as there would be danger of poisoning
the consumers of the fruit. — Ed.

Sassafras.

In the April number of the Southern Planter a
contributor advises the cutting of persimmon growth
in the months of January and February as the time
to exterminate it. Will not some one of your con-
tributors advise as to the best way and time to de-
stroy sassafras growth?

Anne Aundel Co., Md. T. Sellman Halt..

In the February and April (1902) issues of the
Planter will be found articles upon this subject,
giving experience with different methods. — Ed.

Potash for Clover.

Will you kindly inform me if it is any advantage
to top-dress clover with potash for the second crop.
If so, what amount should be used to the acre ?

Isle of Wight Co., Va. N. Peyton Young.

No. We do not think yoti would find any benefit
to the clover from the potash. Potash is slow in its
action and should be worked into the land some time
before the crop is planted for its action to be appre-
ciated. A dressing of nitrate of soda, say 75 pounds
to the acre, would no doubt help it to make a heavier
crop. This is quick in action. We have seen its
effect in ten davs. — Ed.

An onion miuced fine in cold slaw improves it for
every one who does not object to the flavor of onions.

Hog Yards.

I can arrange my hog yards so they will be on high
ground or extend them to lower ground, where hogs
will have a wallow ; but this leaves an unsightly mud
liole hard to clean up. Do you think hogs will do as
well on high ground as if they were allowed to have
a mud hole to wallow in ?

Elizaieih City Co., Va. E. M. Fulton.

Make the hog yards on the high land. Hog wal-

440

THE SOUTHERN PLANTER.

[July

lows ought not to be found on any farm. They are
a constant source of di.^ease and trouble, and are not
called for by the natural habits or the health of the
hogs. The hog is naturally a clean animal, but man,
by his neglect of proper surroundings, has made him
a synonym of filthiness. Keep them dry and clean
and out of dusty beds and the hogs will be healthier
and the meat more wholesome. See that there is in
the yards an abundant supply of pure spring water
alwavs at hand for drinking. — Eix

Rye and Crimson Clover.

Can I plant rye and crimson clover after sweet
potatoes and gi-ow it successfully ? Could I graze
pigs on same during winter months ?

Sampson Co.. N. C. Subsceibee.

Yes. Sow as early as you can after digging the
crop, so that the crimson clover may have a chance
to make as much growth as possible before winter.
We would mix some wheat and oats with the crop, as
they make better grazing than rye. The crop should
make some gracing in winter and good grazing in the
early spring. — Ed.

grease the legs of the cows and the parts where the
ticks are most commonly found with fish oil or lard
in wliieh a little carbolic acid or kerosene oil has been
mixed. — Eo.

Pickle-Making— Storing Irish and Sweet Potatoes

Please state through your valuable paper formula
for putting up cucumber j^ickles to use through win-
ter— same as those we pureliase in kegs from gi'ocers.
Also name best method for putting away sweet and
Irish potatoes to keep over winter without cold
storage. Isaac H. Dun^lap.

We regret to say that we are imable to give a re-
ceipt for pickling cucumbers. The cucumbers are
usually put up in strong brine by the growers and
shipped to the pickle factories and are there con-
verted into pickles. Perhaps some of our lady read
ers can give receipts for making the pickles. We
Ihave several times given instructions for storing
Irish and sweet potatoes, and will endeavor to do so
again in a later issue. It is too early yet to store
these crops. — Ed.

Ticks on Cows,

My cattle are much troubled with ticks, which
seem to get on them when in a certain pasture in
which there is some woodland.

The ticks cling between their legs and on the bags
of the cows, and are very persistent in sticking on.

Can you suggest a remedy? If you can aid "me I
w'ill be under many obligations.

.\fonlgomery, Ala. P. C. ^Fasste.

Have all the ticks picked off carefully and then

Pruning Orchard.

I have an orchard that has been planted for over
eighteen years. The trees ai'e thrifty enough (one
of them, a heavy bearer, is the finest specimen of a
tree that I have ever seen), but most of them haven't
borne a peck of apples in the whole time. Some of
the trees have been struck with the cedar blight —
were struck before I knew of the danger; but they
w'ere good bearers.

I have always pruned in the spring, but I believe
that it has been decided that summer pruning is
best for fruit. What I want to know is, in what
month will I be safe in pruning? I do not want to
prune at a time that will iniure the trees.

Davidson Co., N. C. P. "ISToetox

^fr. Thomas, the author of the .\merican Fruit
Culturist, and one of the best authorities on fruit
growing, writing on "Pruning as Affecting Fruitful-
ness," says: "As a general rule the rapid formation
of leaves and wood is adverse to the production of
fruit. -On the other hand the slow growth of the
wood favors the formation of fruit buds and the pro-
duction of heavy crops. These two adverse tenden-
cies may be more or less controlled by pruning.
When the too numerous branches of a tree produce
more leaves than can be properly supplied with
nourishment, resulting in a feeble or diminished
growth, new vigor may often be imparted by judic-
ious pruning, directing the sap into a smaller num-
ber of channels and thus increasing its force. For
example ; Peach trees, after bearing some years, and
yielding smaller fruit than on fresh, young trees,
will assume all their former thriftiness by partly
cutting back the heads. In such operations it is in-
dispensable to observe the rule of cutting back in
winter or early spring before the buds have swollen.
If trees are too thrifty and do not bear, a check may
be given and many of the leaf buds be thus changed
to fruit buds by a continued pinching back during
the summer. The production of fruit buds may be
accomplished artiticially by checking the growth of
vigorous trees, but such treatment, out of the ordi-
nary course of nature, though sometimes useful,
should be cautiously applied, as the first crop gives
still another check and often materially injures the
tree and the ipiality of its subsequent crops. Another
and unobjectionable mode of attaining the same end
is summer priniincj. which is effected by pinching oft'

1903.]

THE SOUTHERN PLANTER.

441

the soft ends of the side shoots after they have made
a few inches' growth. In these the sap immediately
acciimnlates and the yonng biids on the remainder
of these shoots, which otherwise would produce leaves,
are gradually changed into fruit buds. * * *
It often happens ^\'hen the pinching is done too early
that the new buds send out shoots a second time the
same season. Those second shoots are to be pinched
in the same manner as the first." — Ed.

Patenting Fruit Trees.

Is there a law that gives a man the right to patent
an apple or any other fruit tree, and if so, does this
patent prohibit others, who have the same apple or
fruit, from budding or grafting or giving limbs to his
neighbor to bud or graft for his own use ?

Davidson Co., Tenn. T. I.. Fuqua.

^0 patent can be granted for the production of
an apple or any other tree, but a man may register
the name which he gives to any particular fruit, and
thereby acquire title to that name, which will pre-
vent the same being appropriated by another grower.
This would not hinder his disposing of the scions or
buds from the tree in any way he thoiight proper,
but rather would aid him in doina; so. — Ed.

Feed Value of Rutabagas.

Please let me know the feed value of rutabaga tur-
nips for hogs and cows.

Duplin Co., N. 0. Thomas M. Bobson.

The analysis of rutabagas shows their content to
be as follows: Water, 88.01; ash, 1.15; protein,
1.18; fiber, 1.2,5; nitrogen, free extract (Carbo-
hydrate), Y.66; fat, 0.1,5. This does not show them
to have a high feed value, but experience in the feed-
ing of them has demonstrated that the analysis of
their content does not fully disclose their value as
a food. They have a cooling action on the stomach
and blood, which encourages appetite and stimulates
the assimilative jiowers of the stomach and other
organs, enabling better results to be obtained from
all the feed given to the animals eating them. In
England they form one of the principal winter foods
of all feedins: stock. — Ed.

Horses Rubbing Mane and Tail.

I have some horses that rub their tails and manes.
They have no lice, nor do they show any sign of
worms. They are in good condition ; they have ex-
ereise every day by running to pasture or work. This
itching seems to annov them. I would like to know

some way to prevent the itching and stop them, as it
makes them look bad. It seems to be contagious.

Ashe Co., N. C. Eddie Young.

Where it is certain that the horses have no lice
on them, this rubbing is usually caused by over-
heating of the blood from too rich food and too little
work or exercise. Give a purgative ball and cut off
some of the grain feed and substitute a bran mash
once or twice a week and feed grass. Give plenty of
work or exercise. A little sulphur fed in the mash
twice a week will also have a cooling effect. Apply
some grease to the roots of the mane and tail, there
may possibly be some very small lice. Worms often
cause rubbing of the tail. An injection into the
anus of a solution of quassia chips in water will give
relief from this trouble. — Ed.

Irrigating Land.

I have a farm, lately purchased — creek bottom —
with a bold spring on it — a very large spring, in
fact — running diagonally through it, with another
large, unfailing spring branch on the north side of
the farm. These springs afford an abundance of
water for irrigation if it could be utilized. Would
irrigation by engine and hose be expedient and com-
mendable? Say, xise a traction engine of sufficient
power, which could also be used for various other
purposes, such as for grinding feed or running a
grist or floiiring mill, etc., etc. This would reduce
the cost of irrigation to a minimum and make irriga-
tion feasible, so far as irrigation itself is concerned.
But the question troubling me is, Would this manner
of irrigation be expedient ? For example, would it
be expedient to throw a stream of water on your fields
and crops during-the hours of simshine? The pro-
cess of irrigation could commence, say, at 4 P. M.
and continue into the night awhile, if it would be in-
expedient to attend to it in the heat and sunshine of
the day.

You may be disposed to inquire why resort to this
method? One reason, the source of the water is, I
fear, too low to raise it to the necessary height of
can-ying it through ditches, and another is the charac-
ter of the soil is not such as to restrict the water to
the ditch. I am a novice in the matter of irrigation
and will greatly appreciate suggestions in this line
through the Planter.

Hamilton Oo.j Tenn. J. W. Oi.tFT.

This question of irrigating lands outside the arid
lielt is one which is engaging the attention of the
authorities in the Department of AgTiciilture at
Washington, who have already issued several bulletins
on the subject. If you will write the Secretary of
Aoriculture he will, no doubt, have these forwarded

442

THE SOUTHER?^^ PLANTER.

[July

to you. There is no question but that in many cases
irrisation can be usefully and profitably used on
lands in the East and South, but prehaps in most
ca?es this will be found only to be so when the land
is devoted to the production of truck and garden
crops, which have a high value and can, therefore,
bear a relatively high cost for production. In the
ca«e of the staple crops it is doubtful how far the
system can be made to pay, especially where cost of
pumping has to be incured. Simple gravity ditch
irrigation might be found profitable possibly in many
seasons. — Ei>.

Raising Colts.

What "points" can some of your subscribers give
me as to feeding and general treatment of colts ?
Henderson Co., N C. R-

Will breeders please notice and reply? — Ed.

Lice in the Hen House -Number of Roosters Re-
quired—Fertility of Eggs.

Is it possible to keep a new hen house, built en-
tirely of new wood, free of lice when stocked with
chickens raised in an incubator and brooder?

2. How many roosters ought to be kept with 100
hens to be sure of the eggs being all fertile ?

3. Are pullet eggs (the pullet about 7 months old)
as good for hatching in an incubator as those laid
by an older hen ?

4. Is a young rooster, same age as pullets, as
good as an older one ?

Albemarle Co., Va. An Enquieee.

1. It is practically impossible to keep lice out of
any house, but in a new house built as described, and
vrith chickens hatched and raised as described, they
may easily be kept in subjection by whitewashing
with lime wash in which some kerosene has been
mixed, two or three times in the year, so as to cause
no trouble.

2. Not more than twenty hens should run with one
rooster to ensure fertility of the eggs.

3. Yes. The only drawback to using eggs from
80 young a hen is that the chickens may lack vitality
and strength. Those from a 1 or 2-year-old hen are
much more likely to have the required stamina to
ensure good growth and resistance to disease.

4. A young rooster is always better than an old
one. A year-old bird is in his prime for securing
fertility in the eggs. — En.

Fig Tree Dropping Fruit.

I have a fig bush on my place that dropped its fruit

when nearly full grown. Aly neighbors tell me it
has done so before, and that as far as they remember
the bush has never carried fruit to maturity. This
is the first season it is under my observation. The
bush looks exceedingly thrifty — very full of leaves
of glossy, dark hue. "it was spaded around in the
spring and thinned, as the stems or trees were very
thick. It also received some fertilizer and barn-yard
manure this spring, but had been neglected pre-
viously, although it certainly looked thrifty all the
time. Can you suggest a remedy ?

Middlesex Co., Va. C. deBruynkops.

Fig trees are very apt to drop their fruit if at all
lacking in moisture at the time of the swelling of
the fruit just previous to ripening. Probably this
is the cause of your tree failing to mature the crop.
The North Carolina Experiment Station, Raleigh,
has experimented largely with fig growing and pub-
lished one or two bulletins on the subject. Probably
if you were to \vrite the station they would send you
the bulletins, which you might find sei-viceable. — Ed.

Rotten Oak as a Fertilizer.

Kindly advise me if rotten oak has any fertilizing
value. J. C. Jacobs.

No. It is not worth the trouble of hauling it. The
only thing about it worth anything is the small
amount of vegetable matter it contains, which adds
that much to the humus content of the soil. — Ed.

Improving Gravelly Land for Grass.

The grove in front of my dwelling is a hillside,
poor, gravelly soil, well shaded with white and post
oak and hickory. I wish to sow same in grass for
grazing purposes. Please state in your next issue
best method to prepare ground, time to do it, kind
of fertilizer and seeds to use, also amount per acre.

Chatham Co., N. C. Isaac H. Dunlap.

This land will require, first, to be improved before
it will carry a grass sod. We would plough it and
then apply twenty-five bushels of lime to the acre
and seed it with a mixture of crimson clover, sand
vetch, oats and wheat, say twelve pounds of clover
and a bushel of the grain mixed in equal parts. In
the spring, say in April or May, plough this crop
down and apply 500 pounds to the acre of acid phos-
phate and fifty pounds of muriate of potash and sow
with one bushel to the acre of cow peas. Graze this
crop off and then in the early fall plough again and
seed down with a mixture of Wood meadow grass,
hard fescue, Virginia bluegrass, Kentucky bluegraas,
perennial rye grass and white clover, two bushels to
the acre. Give with this a dressing of 500 pounds

1903.]

THE SOUTHERN PLANTER.

443

of bone meal and afterwards top-dress the land witli| rows on terraced land, each carrying only a part of
farm-yard manure. — Ed.

Nut Grass.

I have a large lawn in front of my house, and upon
close examination I find that what we call_ "nut
grass" (a grass that has roots from one to five inches
long with little nuts on or about the end) is scat-
tered all over the space in patches. I want to destroy
this grass, as it is getting all over my place. I will
appreciate it very much if you will give me the
surest and most direct method by which to destroy
the orass. John D. Wells.

Wilson Co., N. C.

The only way to get rid of this grass is to put the
laud into arable culture and then smother it out with
crops. Work the land in a short rotation in which
use cow peas for a summer smother and crimson
clover and hairy vetch as a winter and spring
smother as frequently as possible for two or three
years. Plough up the laud now and sow crimson
clover and winter oats and wheat on it, say twelve
pounds of crimson clover and three-quarters of a
bushel of oats and wheat mixed per acre. Give a
dressing of 300 or 400 pounds of acid phosphate with
the crop to ensure a heavy growth. In the spring,
say May, plough this crop down and sow cow peas,
a bushel to the acre, with 300 pounds of acid phos-
phate. Follow this crop, which should be cut for
hay, with an oat crop and then with crimson clover or
vetches again and then seed down to grass again with
a dressing of 500 pounds of bone meal. — Ed.

Ploughing Land.

Do you think it a good yilan when ploughing to
lay the land off in what they call "lands" of about
six to eight yards in width, then plough around them
until ploughed out; then lay off again until field is
finished ? I notice that all land ploughed in this way
washes in gi'eat gullies after rains or during the
winter where the turning row is left. Will you
kindly tell me how a field should be ploughed ?

MeclcJenburg, Va. A. B. C.

Laud should always be ploughed in "lands," or
"beds," as they are called in some sections. The
practice of ploughing round and round a field until
it is all ploughed is a bad one and can only result
in \meven ploughing and unlevel land. There is no
reason why ploughing in "lands" should result in
washing. This is caused by not laying the lands off
in the right direction. They should be so laid off as
not to follow the direct fall of the land, but slightly
across this, so that each furrow will act like the fur-

the water and that at such a slight fall as to permit
most of it to sink into the subsoil as it flows. Then, if
the laud is ploughed deep enough, all, or nearly all,
the water will be absorbed and conserved in the sub-
soil for the ensuing crop. Deep ploughing is the
cure for washing. On flat land the beds should be
narrow and on rolling land wide, so as to ensure
drainage in wet seasons. — Ed.

Cramp in Horses.

I have a fine mare, 6 years old, that has the cramp
badly — one time I made sure she would die. Every
muscle in her body seemed contracted. Can you tell
me anything that T could give her that would relieve
her permanently, or even temporarily.

Wythe Co., Va. M. H. Jackson. _

What is commonly known as cramp, or colic, in
horses is of two kinds, each requiring different treatr
ment. Spasmodic, or true cramp, colic is produced
by indigestible food, large drinks of cold water when
the horse is heated or driving horses when heated
through deep streams or standing in cold rain or
from cold drafts. Spasmodic colic always begins
suddenly, the horse stops feeding, stamps violently,
lies down, rolls, paws. Then there is relief, appa-
rently, for a time and then the pains return again.
The horse makes frequent attempts to urinate, sweats
and paws violently. For this form of colic the proper
remedies are anti-spasmodics. Probably the best is
chloral hydrate, 10 ounces in a half pint of water,
given as a drench. A very common remedy is 2
ounces of sulphuric ether and 2 ounces of alcohol in
8 ounces of water. If nothing else is at hand give
half a pint of whiskey in hot water. If relief is not
given by any of these repeat the dose in an hour.
After the pain has subsided give a pint of linseed oil
to evacuate the bowels.

The other form of colic is properly known as flatu-
lent colic, or wind colic. This is generally caused by
sudden changes of food, too long fasting, new hay
or grain, or large quantities of gi-een food. The
symptoms of wind colic are not so sudden as those of
cramj) colic. The horse is dull and paws slightly.
The pains are continuous and not spasmodic. The
belly enlarges, and by striking it in front of the
haunches a dnmi-like sound is produced. The treat-
ment for this form is the use of alkaline remedies to
neutralize th§ gases found. Give baking soda in
doses of from 2 to 4 oiinces or the same quantity of
carbonate of ammonia every half hour until relieved.
Chloral hydrate is also a good remedy given in 1
ounce doses in half a pint of water. These remedies

444

THE SOUTHERN PLANTEK.

[July

should be followed by a purgative after the pain is
relieved. Barbadoes aloes is the best ; give 1 ounce
■or linseed oil 1 pint. An injection of 1 to 2 ounces
of turpentine and S ounces of linseed oil into the
VOrTum is of great assistance in getting rid of the
wind. — Ed.

Plants for Name.

We have received from several readers two plants
for name which are common all through the South.
The one is a woolly headed plant and the other a
little creeping plant with yellow flowers. The first
is irifoliuyn arvei'sc. called in some sections rabbit-
foot clover, in others mouse ear clover, in others cot-
ton-top clover. Stock will frecpiently eat this freely
and it is worth something for improving land. This,
however, is usually regarded as a weed. The other
plant is trifoliiim pronimbcns, known as hop clover.
It is practically of no value. — Ei>.

Plant for Name.

Please find enclose a bud and a bloom of a plant
which is unknown to us. If you know the name of it
would like for you to publish in the next issue. It
grows from three to five feet high ; grows very much
like l)uckwheat; blooms in June and continues until
frost, and is relished very much by the bees.

I'i.lisi/lrariia Co.. Va. J. W. Kamey.

The plant is meliJotvs alba (white melilot or Bok-
iiara clover.) It is not generally liked by stock, but
is a good improver of land, as it secures nitrogen from
the atmosphere. Its roots also go down deep into the
l:ind and bring np plant food and make the land
frialile.— Ed.

Sick Chickens and Hens.

I have one hundred chickens, eighteen hens and
one rooster. My oldest chickens are 3 months old.
I have about thirty-five of that age, the rest are
smaller and of difl:'erent ages. I have a large lot and
they have access to a corn-field. I keep my hen house
tlioroughly clean — use ashes and lime on floor and
som<^times burn sulphur in it. I use carbolic acid
in their drinking water. I feed them mostly on
corn bread, sometimes give them corn meal dough
with Pratts poultry food mixed with it. I also use
black ])e])per in the food. My oldest chickens have
something like cholera — they get droopy, sit with
tlieir eyes closed and feathers ruffled, and in a few
<lays die. One of my Plymouth Pock hens has it
now, and two of my largest young chickens. I have
lost six hens, one rooster and five young chickens.
Will yon kindly advise me what to do?

Iliissd Co., Va. Mks B. T. Wilson.

We have comjilnint from very many different sec-

tions of the South of sickness amongst chickens this
year. We attribute this largely to the abnormal
weather we have had. We believe it to be mainly
caused by the cold, rainy weather. Dryness and
warmth are essential to success in chicken raising.
Treated as you are treating yours you should be suc-
cessful, and no doubt would be, if the weatlier was
more genial. Be sure yon have no lice on the
chickens. Dust them with insect powder and put a
little grease on the heads of the young chickens— just
a dro]3 of lard in which a few drops of kerosene have
been mixed. Keep your houses and coops clean and
burn or bury deeply any chickens that may die. We
do not believe there is an effectual remedy for chicken
cholera if it is once established in a flock. The only
way is to remove the healthy birds to another location
and let the germs die out at the old place. — Ed.

Curing Pea Vines— Crimson Clover Hay.

1. AVill some reader of your valuable paper tell
me the best M'ay of curing pea vines ? I never have
l)een able to keep them fit for anything.

2. Does crimson clover make good feed when cut
and dried 'I J. P. McDowell.

Halifax Co., Va.

1. We have published a great many different ways
of curing pea vines. Mr. Blacknall, of Kittering,
N. C, wrote fully on this subject in our September,
October and December issues last year. He cures by
putting up green on poles set in the ground having
cross pieces nailed on to keep the vines from the
ground. We have had reports of good success with
this method. We know others who cure successfully
just as they cure clover. We know that they can
be cured successfully by cutting and allowing them
to remain as cut until partially cured. Then rake
into windrow and allow to remain a day or two, ac-
cording to the weather, and then put up into cock
and allow to remain until nearly fully cured and then
carry to the barn and pack away closely into the
barn and allow to remain untouched, even though
they heat considerably.

2. Crimson clover, if cut just when coming into
bloom, makes good hay safe to feed to all stock. If
cut after the seed forms the hay is not safe to feed to
horses. — Ed.

Seeding Grass-Preventing Washing.

When is the best time to seed Evergreen — fall or
winter? Does it do l^etter to seed by itself or witli
grain ?

We have land tliat w.nshes very badly. Wliat kind
of grass will hold it from washing? This land is

1903.]

THE SOUTHERN PLANTEE.

445

creek bottom and is sandy. Some say make a per-
manent pasture of it. Will you please give me you
ideas about it? W. C. Joxes.

Campbell Co., Ya.

All grass and clover seed is better sown in the fall
than the spring all through the South. Sow in
August and September and sow alone without any
grain crop. When seeded at this time and in this
way, if the land is in a good state of fertility and
well prepared, a good stand can be confidently
counted on.

The way to prevent washing is to ijlough deep and
to lay off the land in ploughing it so that the furrows
run across the fall of the land diagonally, so that
each furrow exits the line of wash and catches and
carries into the subsoil the water falling on it. Siich
a creek bottom as you describe should, if treated in
this way, make a good meadow or permanent pasture,
if sown with a mixture of red top, meadow fescue,
Italian rye grass perennial rye grass and alsike
clover. Mix the grasses in equal parts and sow two
pounds of the clover seed. Sow two bushels of the
grass seed per acre. — Ed.

Oats Turning to Cheat.

Will gray winter oats, sown on medium good loam
soil, turn into cheat, or must the seed of the cheat
bave been in the oats or the soil ? Subscribee.

Stafford Co., Va.

Xeither oats nor wheat nor any other grain will
turn to cheat or chess. Cheat or chess is a distinct
Tjotanical species, and is produced only from its oa\ti
■seed, t\-hich is either sown with the grain seed or
germinates from seed already in the ground, on its
l)eing broiight near enough to the surface to become
influenced bv the sun and air. — Ed.

Water Meadow.

I have a meadow of what we term "native swamp
grass." It is on a creek and subject to overflow at
high water times. It has been mown continuously
(most of it) twice a year for the past fifty years or
more. When overflowed it is mostly by back water,
and consequently very little sand has been deposited
on it. The grass does not appear to thrive so well
on it of late as of yore, averaging now annually about
two tons per acre. The surface is too near the water
line to plough and cultivate in corn ; besides, wish to
use for meadow. Can drive all over to mow and
haul hay.

Do you suppose that it may be what is sometimes
•called sod-bound ? If so, how would you advise treat-
ing it, say, next fall, after the second crojj has been
taken ofl^ and when the land is dry enough to operate

on ? Would it pay to apply lime or lime and acid
phosphate 1

Any light on this subject will be gratefully appre-
ciated. A SUBSCRIBEK.

We think it very probable that the meadow is what
is Icnown as "sod-bound." After the second crop is
cut we would harrow it with a heavy, sharp-toothed
drag harrow, and then rake off the grass and trash
harrowed up and apj^ly r>0 bushels of lime per acre
broadcast and sow 1 bushel per acre of Red Top and
Italian Rye grass in equal parts and roll with a heavy
roller. — Ed.

Threshing Cow Peas and Soy Beans.

1. Can cow peas and soy beans be threshed in a
grain separator without breaking the peas ? If so,
what is to be removed from the sejiarator and at
what speed should it be run i

2. Please advise best method and time to harvest
same f or a seed crop when same is cut with a mower
having a pea or clover buncher attached ^

An answer through your columns will be greatly
appreciated. X. Y. Z.

Westmoreland Co., Tn.

1. A^es. They can both be threshed with a separa-
tor. Take out part of the concaves and give all the
space possible to allow the vines to pass through
easily, and run the machine just fast enough to carry
the vines through without winding on the drum. We
know farmers who thresh large crops of peas and soy
beans every year with the separator.

2. Cut when the greater part of the peas or beans
are just turning ripe, and cut when the dew is on.
Let the crop lie as bunched by the machine until the
vines are partially dry and then put several bunches
together into cocks and let stand until cured, when
haul to the liarn. If the cocks feel damp inside after
standing a day or two open out and let the wind and
sun into them and then put xip again until fit to haul
to the barn. Handle as little as possible, and never
in the hot sun, so as to prevent wasting the seed. — Ed.

Forage Crops.

I should be glad to hear in the Southern Planter
your opinion of what beans to sow with oats as fod-
der. An Expekimext.

Fairfax Co., Va.

(.^anada Peas are the best grain to sow with oats for
a forage crop. They should be sown in December or
January, and will make an early gi-een forage crop
or a hay crop of high feeding value, which may be
cut in ]\ray. Sand vetch or the English winter vetch
may be sown with oats in September and October, and
make an excellent forage crop. — Ed.

446

THE SOUTHERN PLANTEK.

[July

Trucking, Garden and Orchard.

WORK FOR THE MONTH.

Successioiial cmjjs of jjwcct corn, pole beans, lima
be'ans and navy beans may yet be planted. Cucum-
bers for piekles should, if not already sown, be at
once got in. In our last issue we gave instructions
as to this crop. Blackeye peas may also be yet sown.
Sweet potato slips may be set out if not already
planted, and cuttings from the earlier planted ones
riiiould be ])nt in. These cuttings will make potatoes
that will make better seed for next year's crop than
that from the earlier planted slips. Cut off the ends
of the vines with three or four leaves on them and
bury the whole length in the soil except the tip end
with two or three leaves. These will soon take root
if the <>round be moist.

The late croji of Irish potatoes should be planted
this month. This crop will make potatoes that will
keep all winter. The seed used is northern sets that
have been kept in cold storage to prevent sprouting.
It is well to spread the sets out for a few days in a
shady warm place to encourage the sprouts to start
l)efore planting them. Prepare the land well and
make rich with a good potato fertilizer rich in pota.sh

catches them. The essential for success with this
crop is to have the sets sprouted before setting.

(.'elery seed not already sowed should be sowed this
month. In our last issue we gave directions as to
this. Where the seed has germinated and plants are
growing these should be drawn from the seed-bed
and set out in a bed to grow on for subsequent plant-
ing in the rows so that they may become stout, stocky
plants and not be drawn by overcrowding. If the
leaves are long and spindling shorten them back with
the shears. This may be repeated if necessary to keep
the plants stocky.

Seed may be sown towards the end of the month
for raising broccoli and fall cabbage. These crops
can both be successfully raised in Middle and Eastern
Virginia and North Carolina if the plants be not
raised too early. They should be ready to set out in
September. The seed-bed should be in a moist, shady
place and the young plants should be dusted with
tobacco diist to keep ofF the bugs.

The second crop of Irish potatoes should also be
idanted this month. This crop is raised from seed
grown by the crop planted in January and February.
It is a safe crop to raise in all Eastern Virginia and
North Carolina and makes seed for the early crop
next year, which is much preferred to northern-grovra
sets, and is, therefore, always in large demand by
the truckers of Eastern Virginia. The first crop
should be allowed to become nearly fully ripe before
digging and then the sets for the second crop be se-
lected from the tubers as they are dug. The sets
should be about the size of an egg, as they are to be
planted whole or with only just a slip cut oft'. These
sets should , as selected, be spread out in a shady place
to green for a few days and then be covered with some
light soil and short straw and be made moist to en-
courage the sprouts. Plough the furrows in which
these are to be set deeply by running the plow twice
in each furrow. Plant the sets when sprouted in the
bottom of the furrows and cover lightly with soil.
When the sprouts come through this plough more soil
on to them until the furrows are level. Keep level
and cultivate frequently. They will continue to grow
until late fall and should be dug just before frost

Keep the cultivator running in the growing crops
to keep down weeds and encoiirage growth.

The budding of trees should have attention now.
In onr last issue will be found instructions for this
work.

Sow cow peas, crimson clover or sand vetch on all
land cleared of crops not wanted for any other pur-
pose. Don't grow weeds, they are unprofitable.

ORCHARD AND GARDEN NOTES.

During I he xcry <lry season that has prevailed over
a large extent of the State, frequent shallow, level
cultivation has been necessary for good crops in the
orchard and garden. If our advice has been followed
the beneficial effects are, no doubt, plainly visible at
other places, as they are in our garden.

Keep uj) the cultivation till the middle or last of
this month. Then sow some WTiip-poor-will cow peas-
to keep the ground from washing during fall and
winter, and also to add some fertilizer to the soil^
which is being constantly depleted by clean cultiva-
tion and by washing rains.

1903.]

THE SOUTHERN PLANTER.

447

If the peas are so\\ti in rows about two feet apart
so that one or two cultivations can be given the crop
better results will be obtained than by broad easting
and giving no cultivation.

I consider the cow pea the cheapest and best fer-
tilizer the fanner can use to improve much of the
worn soil of the Southern States. By the time this
appears in print I expect to have sown some in my
corn during the last cultivation to supply fertilizer
to the wheat cro]i, the seed of which will be sown
in October.

Insects have been very serious with us this year.
The plum curculio has stung a large per cent, of our
plums. One of the best ways I have found to fight
the plum curculio is to destroy all "wormy fruit."
Perhaps hogs are the best thing:^ to gather up such
fruit.

The rose chaffer appeared on <.)ur grapes in large
niimbers. We succeeded in poisoning the insect by
using four ounces of London jnirjile and one pound
of lime mixed with twenty-five gallons of water and
spraying this on the vines thoroughly. The same
preparation kills the "potato-bugs."

The time to can fruits and vegetables on the farm
has come. Put up a large quantity for family use.
Prepare to open one can a day for ten months in
the year. This would be no difficult thing to do, if
some preparations are made before hand. Nearly
everything except corn and beans can be put up on
the cooking stove. I have used successfully a small
canning outfit specially made for the cooking stove.
With it I could put up from one to two hundred cans
per day. Not near enough canned goods are put up
in the State. We must broaden out along this line.
Small canneries can be piit up in the towns and small
villages at a cost of $200 to $400, with a capacity of
two to four thousand cans per day. In another State
where I have tested and recommended such canning
outfits, the canning industry has made immense pro-
gress. Now let Virginia move up along this line,
^lore will be said about this subject later.

The time for sowing seeds for fall crops, such as
turnips, radishes, peas, lettuce, will soon be here.
They will soon come up and grow off well, if sown in
well prepared gi'ound. But there is one thing I
want to caution against, and that is never sow turnip
seed on land upon which a garden crop is to be grown
next year. I have tried it in Texas for two years
and in this State this vear. The results have been

that the cut-worms destroyed my crops each time.
The moths that deposit the eggs of the cut-worms
seem especially fond of doing so in the field upon a
green, tender turnip bed. The following spring the
worms feed on the next crop.

Tlie early purple-top strap-leaf txirnip, noupariel
pea, rose-colored China radish and black-seeded
Simpson lettuce have done best with me for fall
crops.

On a recent visit to the Virginia Polytechnic In-
stitute I was glad to learn that the Department of
Horticulture, ilycology and Entomology- had been
divided. Professor W. B. Alwood was left in charge
of mycology and entomology, Professor H. L. Price
was put in charge of horticulture and Professor J. L.
Phillips in cliarge of the field work in entomology and
crop tests. The division of this work has been
needed for some time, and now, that it has come, we
look for better things along these lines, though the
work has been good in the past.

I was glad to learn also from the chairman of
the Board of Visitors that the several changes or
additions to the course in agriculture that I had
sTiggested in a recent issue of the Planter were the
Things the Board wanted to do. Now, if the Board
will ask the Legislature for $50,000 for an agricul-
tural building, instead of of $20,000, we can stand
on the same platform.

The Legislature gave $200,000 to the Jamestown
Exposition to advertise what? To advertise how
long ^

It gave nothing to increase the agricultural facili-
ties at this institution for teaching the young men
of the State in its most important industrial line for
a century. Our young men are leaving the farms,
many old historic farms are going to waste, the facili-
ties for teaching young men of the State in agricul-
ture are behind the times, and the Legislature let a
great opportunity go by.

Pennsylvania recently gave its Agricultural and
^lechanical College $2.50,000 for an agi'icultural
building and equipment. It has been suggested that
$20,000 would do for the Old Dominion. What
think you, farmers, of the State ? Do you want your
sons to have the benefit of all the latest devolpments
in stock husbandry, plant breeding, forage crops,
soil improvement, truck and farm crops, fertilizers,
diseases of plants, etc. ? Would you like to see an
equipment in agricultural lines at this institution
that is up to date ? If so, sound your Representative
this fall before he is elected as to how he stands on

448

THE SOUTHERN PLANTER.

[July

this eqiiipment. If the farmers waut such a thing
and will ask for it persistently they will get it. If
they do not ask for it the politicians are not apt to
give it. Fall in line, farmers and horticulturists of
the State, and let us ask the Legislature for what we
need to strengthen the agricultural work of the State.
Montgomery county. R. H- Peice.

FALL POTATOES.

Editor Southern Planter:

Other things being e(]ual, potatoes planted from
the 20th to the -"iOth of July will, in this climate
(North Carolina), yield more and better potatoes
than those planted in early spring. Therefore, they
should not be planted in early spring except for early
use and the early market. Potatoes planted about the
20th of July will mature in early fall and may be
harvested about the first appearance of frost. Pota-
toes thus grown will keep in good condition, without
sproiiting to hurt, until the time for the next July
planting arrives Potatoes grown from the -July
planting of the previous year may be used for seed
for the early spring planting.

A clover or cow pea sod is considered best for
potatoes. If said crojjs, when seeded, were properly
supplied with potash and phosphoric acid they have
drawn from iho air :i sufficiency of nitrogen to serve
the potatoes.

The drills may be laid off three feet apart. A suit
able narrow plow may be run several times in the
bottoms of the drills, thus preparing loose beds.

One half the usual application of potash and phos-
phoric acid may be applied in the drills and mixed
with the soil, preferably a few weeks before plant-
ing. The application of fertilizer, per acre, may
consist of 70 to 140 pounds of muriate or sulphate
of potash, or 280 to 560 pounds of kainit in lieu
■of the muriate of ))otash, and 180 to -360 pounds of
acid phosphate. Sulphate of potash is considered
preferable to cither muriate of potash or kainit.

Large potatoes are considered best for seed. They
have larger eyes and produce lai'ger stalks than
small potatoes, and consequently the yield is larger.
They may be cut into pieces of two or three eyes
each. One party recommends cutting potatoes end-
wise into quarters and planting Ihe seed ends (the
ends that contain the most eyes) down.

Thinmnfj to One Hf'ill: — Proper tests have shown
that the quantity and (piality of tlie potatoes can be

.naterially im])roved by thinning to one stalk. Some
years ago two adjoining parcels of land of about
equal fertility were planted to potatoes. On one
jiarcel the potatoes were planted immediately after
being cut. The potatoes for the other parcel were
aired for several days, thus becoming much shrivelled
before they were planted. The result was that the
parcel planted with freshly-cut potatoes produced
about double the quantity of tops of the other parcel,
but at digging time it was found that the latter had
produced about double the quantity of potatoes. The
first parcel produced tops, the latter potatoes.

It was evident that said difference in yield was
attributable to one of two causes : 1. To the effect
]>roduccd by curing the potatoes. 2. To the dimin-
ished number of tops, a result of curing. If the lat-
ter was the cause, similar results could be procured
l)y thinning the plants. After proper tests I satisfied
mvself that it was the diminished number of plants
that increased the yield, and that similar results can
he procured In- thinning to one plant. After thinning
single plants will stand in the drills eighteen inches
apart, which I consider plenty close enough, pro-
vided that the soil has been properly fertilized.

From that time to the present I have been an ad-
vocate of thinning to one stalk. I have had others to
test the plan and they all report a material advantage
in fav(U- of thinning. But a matter of so much im-
portance needs further tests to determine the merits
of said two points, especially the effect of partially
curing the potatoes before they are planted.

'I'he New York Experiment Station has recently
rcjwrted adversely on the subject of thinning pota-
toes. I suggest f urther tests.

The plants drawn for thinning purposes can be
advantageously trans])lanted. I have found them to
answer well.

Advantages of Mu.Jching. — Potatoes in this cli-
mate, whether planted early or late, should be
mulched to a proper depth with straw, leaves or other
litter, thus keeping the ground cool and moist. By
planting in midsummer and mulching we approxi-
mate in the early fall tlie proper temperature to the
greatest extent possible. ITence, the superiority of
fall i)otatoes over those planted in early spring ma-
turing in midsummer during the time of our greatest
heat. Bky.vn Tyson.

Moore county, N. C.

When corresponding with advertisers, kindly men-
tion the Southern Planter.

1903.]

THE SOUTHEEN PLANTER.

449

THE SMALL "PATCH" WELL TILLED.

Editor Southern Planter:

The papers are full of the big men, who, working
on a big scale, secure big results. There is not enough
said of, or attention paid to, the small, humble work-
ers in our midst.

I want to give you a few "facts, figures and
features" respecting a humble colored man and his
"patch" of berries. Herewith see a cut or picture
of his humble cabin and a portion of his "berry
patch."

His cabin is almost hid in shrubbery, the "ivy and
the vine." This is an old "befo' de wah" darky —
honest, industrioiis, hairless and toothless. If he
goes by "wat his mudder sed" he is three-score years
and ten : but if he counts time or measures the years
by the "fun" and "experience" he has had he's more
than a "hundred and fifty years old."

He rents a little "jib" or "slipe" or "triangle" or
"patch" of one and three quarters of an acre with the
caliin thereon, for the nominal sum of $30 per year.

.\niong other crops he has three-qiiarters of an
acre in berries. From this three-quarters otf an
acre he this year sold sixty crates of berries (sixty
quarts each) at the average price of 10 cents per
quart.

After deducting all expenses, such as picking,
freight, commission for selling, cost of crates, etc.,
etc., and even deducting his entire rent for the year,
the old man has made fully $200 from the three-
foiirths of an acre.

This is a rather better result, comparatively speak-
ing, than have been secured by any of the larger grow-
ers of berries. While we have had cases, this year,
where the berry growers have made all the way from
$2,500 clear, clean profit, up to $1.5,000, from their
berries, none have made as much from a small patch
as the old darky has made.

How this emphasizes the idea of the "little farm
well tilled."

If the old colored man, who can neither, read nor
write, can secure such results with his simple tools,
appliances and methods, what may not be done with
skill, experience, capital and special fitness ?

The intensive, thorough culture of small areas of
land means not only the prosperity of the indi-
vidiial, but also oi the community, the State and the
nation. A Jeffkks.

Norfolk, Va.

Wooden tubs and pails will keep moist better if
turned down upon the cellar bottom and water poured
over them, filling the space between the rim.

450

THE SOUTHERN PLANTER.

[July

AMERICAN POMOLOGICAL SOCIETY MEETING.

Editor Southern Planter:

Will you kindly give publicity to the following in
your next issue:

I have received a letter from Mr. W. A. Taylor,
Secretary of the American Pomological Society,
stating that their biennial meeting will be held in
Horticultural Hall, Boston, Mass., on September
10t.h-12tli next. He asks the Virginia State Horti-
cultural Society to send a strong delegation to rep-
resent Virginia fruit interests on that occasion.

He further says: "Have you among your mem-
bership any fruit originators whose new varieties are
worthy of entry for the Wilder Medal under oiir new
plan of award ? If so, kindly send their addresses
and I will mail them the necessary jlanks, etc., for
entries. The new plan is being heartily welcomed
throughout the country and it is desired that fruit
originators everywhere shall share in its advantages."

If any of your readers have new varieties of fruits
' I shall be glad to hear from them, and would add that
one of these medals has already been won by one of
our prominent Virginia Horticulturists (the Hon.
G. E. Murrell) some four years ago. Let us try to
capture another. Walter Whately^

Secretary Virginia State Horticultural Society.

The following are the members of the delegation
appointed to represent the Virginia State Horticul-
tural Society at the bienniel meeting of the American
Pomological Society in Boston on September 10th-
12th next:

Hon. Samuel B. Woods, Chai'lottesville, Albemarle
county.

Hon. George E. Murrell, Foutella, Bedford
county.

Hon. S. L. Lupton, Winchester, Frederick county.

Hon. A. ^1. Bowman, Salem, Roanoke county.

Hon. William H. Boaz, Covesville, Albemarle
county.

Hon. J. Thomp.s()n J'.rown, Briarfield, Bedford
county.

Professor J. L. Phillips, State Entomologist,
Blacksburg, Montgoinery county.

Mr. W. W. Otey, Draper, Pulaski county.

Mr. Walter Whately, Crozet, Albemarle county.

T)r. J. R. Guerrant, Roanoke, Roanoke county.

niencing my work on the State horticultural exhibit
for St. Louis, and I am anxious to get specimens of
cherries, berries, peaches and all other summer fruits
in quantities of from one quart to two gallons to pre-
pare in solution for exhibition.

1 will appreciate it very much if you will give
your assistance in this matter, either by sending the
produce of your own orchard or obtaining from
neighbors and express these fruits direct to me at
Richmond, Va., notifying me by postal of shipment,
and I will promptly prepare them and give due credit
when on exhibition to the person and section furnish-
ing the same.

We want to make the fruit exhibit a fine one, and
unless the fruit growers will give me their cordial co-
operation it will be impossible to make it as it should
be made. G. E. Muheell,

Superintendent Virginia Commission.

Capitol Building, Eichmond, Ya.

THE FRUIT EXHIBIT AT ST. LOUIS EXPOSITION.

Ediivr Southern Planter:

I am now, along with other departments, com-

WHAT TO DO WITH THE STRAWBERRY FIELD
AFTER FRUITING.

Editor Southern Planter:

The most successful strawberry growers plow up
their fields as soon as the berries are all gathered
and sow them in cowpeas, thus putting the land in
perfect tilth to reset in strawberries the following
fall, winter or spring, as may be most convenient.
But the vast majority of growers gather two, and
sometimes three, crops of berries from the same field.
How to do this successfully is the object of this arti-
cle. Bar off with a turning plow the strawberry
rows, leaving unploughed a strip about afoot wide
containing the plants. On this strip chop out the
plants, leaving them about eighteen inches apart. Al-
ways leave young (1-year-old) plants instead of old
ones, when possible. In this chopj^ing out also kill
all weeds and grass. A week or ten days later sow
cotton seed meal at the rate of 800 to 1,000 pounds
an acre in the furrow left on each side of the row.
Then split out the middles, throwing the earth closely
around the plants, but not on them, or they will be
smothered.

Whenever practicable — though with a large acre-
age it is not usually practicable — it pays to burn off
the field or bed before barring ofl'. To do this mow
the foliage of the plants as closely as possible.. Then
loosen up the straw used as a mulch and on a dry,
breezy day, after the mo^\^l foliage has got dry, set fire
to the field along the border to windward. If there
is a fair <inantity of foliage or mulch the field will

1903.]

THE SOUTHERN PLANTEE.

451

burn quickly over, leaving the soil as clean as a floor.
Weeds, seed and any insect pest that may chance
to be present will meet their judgment day, and to a
novice the strawberry plants will seem to have done
so, too. But seeming will be all.

In a week, or earlier if it rains, in the fire-black-
ened, Sahara-like field a magic transformation will
take place. Every strawberry plant will have put
forth leaves of the most vivid and beautiful growth.
The rows can then be barred off, chopped out, ferti-
lized and treated just as above directed.

Subsequent cultivation should be the same as for
young fields — shallow ploughing with a small-tooth
cultivator and shallow hoeing frequent enough to
kill all grass and weeds before they come and to keep
the crust on the soil broken. This is all important,
as in a dry time it greatly lessens evaporation and
minimizes the effect of drought.

Kittrell, N. C. O. W. Biacknai.l.

HORSE APPLE.

Editor Southern Planter:

Replying to J. F. Hunter's query in your
issue, "Will Horse Apples Come True from Seed,"
will say that there is no certainty of their doing so —
they may and may not. Even if they should it would
be a slow way of getting fruit from them. He had
better send some buds from his horse apple tree to a
nurseryman and have him bud them on entire root
seedlings.

We notice also in the May issue Mr. W. F. Mas-
sey's advice as to the best privet for hedges. Our
experience with the different kinds of privet is that
"the ordinary California privet (Sigustonne Ooalifo-
lium) is more desirable than the Amoor privet and
■withstands the cold of this climate better, though we
think the latter is all right for the more Southern
States. A. W. Wali.is,

Franklin Davis Nursery Company.

Baltimore, Md.

BETTER TOBACCO CAN BE GROWN.

Secretary Wilson, of the United States Depart-
ment of Agriculture, who recently visited the tobacco
raising districts in a mimber of the Southern States,
has made an important announcement. As a result
of a soil analysis, the department has found that the
soil in parts of Texas, Alabama and South Carolina

is identical with that of Cuba and other countries
which grow the very best qualities of the aromatic
cigar tobaccos. The department is satisfied that the
same soil exists in Mississippi, Louisiana and
Florida.

If the results sustain the department's belief, the
importance of the discovery cannot be overestimated.
About $10,000,000 worth of leaf tobacco was im-
ported from Cuba last year, and more will be im-
ported this season. The department states that the
Southern growers can raise a crop of high-class to-
bacco as easily as the cheaper grades, which means
thev would obtain a large increase in their returns.

A VIRGINIA FARMER ON VIRGINIA FARMERS.

Editor Southern Planter:

I always read the Southeen Planter with great
pleasure, and I find it a very valuable agricultural
paper, especially in its horticutural notes. I love to
see things gi-ow well, properly and successfully in the
garden and field. Our Virginia farmers in general
know so little about farming. Now, I assert this
with a full knowledge of their obsolete methods. I
have farmed all my life. I owned and cultivated at
one time (I am 63 years old) 1,200 acres of land. I
still have lots to learn, but flatter myself, however,
that I am gathering agi-icultural knowledge from
experience and close study of articles in the South-
EEJT Planter, Practical Farmer, and Green's Fruit
Grower. Our farmers don't study farming — they
rely too much on what their daddies did. They don't
read the Planter and other farm books. I have just
finished saving my crimson clover hay. The weather
was as propitious as could have been desired. I made
a fine yield, only a small acreage, but at the rate of
1,000 pounds per acre. It was beautiful to behold.
I cut it early, just in full bloom. By the way, I am
tlae pioneer in crimson clover in this coimty (Frank-
lin), introduced it about four years ago. Don't you
know there are but a handful of farmers in this
county who ever saw it; and many who never heard
of it. I shall fallow the clover land at once, apply
acid phosphate, plant in corn, and at the last plowing
in August, resow in crimson clover. Just think of
it ? My crop of hay is cut, cured and housed at least
three weeks in advance of other hay crops. Oh.
what delicious strawberries I am eating! My peas
are ready for the table. Loudon, Cuthbert and black
raspberries are gloriously progressing. No bugs this
year. Potatoes are happy. G. W. B. Hale.

Franklin Co., Va.

452

THE SOUTHEllX PLANTEK.

[July

Live Stock and Dairy.

HOG CHOLERA.

We regret to say that wo liavc reports of serious
outbreaks of hog cholera in Southern Virginia. Many
farmers have lost all their hogs and one subscriber
■writes us that out of forty he has only seventeen left.
We are begged to give some advice as to the best
means of cheeking and preventing the disease. We
regret to say that we are able to do very little in the
way of help. Notwithstanding the fact that the
Bureau of iVnimal Industry of the Department of
Agriculture at Washington has been working on this
subject for years, Di". Salmon is able as yet to give
only partial endorsement of any of the various reme-
dies tested. The most hopeful seems to be that of in-
oculation with an anti-toxin serum and there is still
considerable dilticulty experienced in the preparation
and use of this remedy. In the report of the Bureau
for 3897 Dr. Salmon says: "There are biit two
methods of control which, from our jiresent know-
ledge of the contagions diseases of swine, appear to
promise adeq\iate results. One is the old stamping-
out method, the slaughter of diseased and exposed
animals, the quarantine of infected farms and the
disinfection of infected farms and all other places
harboring the contagion. The other is the treatment
of diseased and exposed animals with anti-toxin
serum. * * * Xhe use of anti-toxin serum ap-
pears at present to be a much more promising me-
thod of diminishing the losses than the stamping-out
process. * * * ^\q serum produced by the
Bureau in 1897, when used in affected herds, saved
over 80 per cent, of the animals. There is no danger
connected with the use of the serum, as it is abso-
lutely free from the germs of the disease. It is easily
applied and the good effects in sick hogs are seen
almost immediately. In reports made in later years
down to the last, Dr. Salmon still expresses his con- 1
fidence in this anti-toxin serum as being the best cure
and preventative yet discovered ; but there is still
considerable uncertainty in results, arising, it is
thought, mainly from the difficulty in preparing the
serum so as tx) have it of a iiniformily protective and
curative character. Experiments are still being con-
tinued to endeavor to overcome this difficulty. Apart
from the use of this serum, which wo should certainly
use in any case of the disease, the only other thing to
be done is to isolate all sick hogs away from the
healthy ones, and to be careful not to allow any one
attending the sick ones to go near the healthv ones.

The vards and pens should be disinfected with cor-
rosive sublimate solution and all dead animals be
burned and every ''turkey buzzard" seen should be
shot at once. They carry the disease from farm to
farm.

MR. COOPER'S SALE OF JERSEYS.

We are glad to see that at the recent sale of im-
ported Jerseys, held by Mr. T. S. Cooper, southern
breeders were amongst the best bidders and buyers
of the golden butter-makers. Amongst those who
secured some of the choicest stock we find the well-
known names of Eillston Earms, Maryland; Bilt-
raore Farms, Korth Carolina, and BoAvmont Earms,
Virginia. Fillston Farms secured the finest bull,
•'Forfarshire," which sold for $1,750. Mr. Swart-
tout, who represented Fillston, bought nine head at
an average of $425. He also bought the bull ^larett's
Flying Fox, whose dam was Charley's Xiece (a prize
daughter of Golden Lad 2d) at a very low figure.
Among his females the '"plum" was a daughter of
Forfarshire — Forfarshire's Perfection, only 23
months old, but a beautiful little cow that gave nine
quarts in one milking the day before the sale. Two
other daughters of Forfarshire went to Filston Farm,
one of them — Forfarshire's Bi-own Lady — being out
of a daughter of Golden's Fern's Lad; besides two
elegant daughters of Golden ^lon Plaisir. One of
these Mon Plaisir cows. Golden Foam, was far ad-
vanced in milk and due to calve in August, or she
would have brought more money. Her dam is by
Golden Lad, and she is, besides being well bred, a
show cow all over. Her bull calf by Prince Xeddy
(son of Golden Lad's Champion) went to Frank H.
Shore, Fairmont, W. Vt. The other daughter of Mon
Plaisir, Mon Plaisir's Jeanette, has also a magnifi-
cent udder with good sized and placed teats. She did
not bring so much money simply because one ijf her
teats had an extra opening.

Another elegant cow secured by Filston Farms
was Golden Bagatelle, a daughter of Visitor, P. 2140,
H. C, and Bagatelle, P. 65C4, II. C. (now Golden
Lad's Victoria, a daughter of Golden Lad that sold
for $745 in the sale of 1901).

The plum among the cows. Golden Lad's Blue
Belle, and her son by Flying Fox, went to Biltmore
Farms for $1 ,725 and $580, respectively. They were
bought bv Professor M. A. Scovell, director of the

1903.]

THE SOUTHEEN PLANTER.

453

Kentuckv Experiment Station at Lexington, who had
instrnctions to '•buy them" without limit as to price.
Golden Lad's Bine Belle is by that ever-popnlar sire,
Golden Lad 2d, and out of Blue Belle, P. 4307, H.
C, a prize-winning cow herself, and dam of Cau-
niais Lad, who sired the great bulls Financial King
and Guenon Lad. But what probably attracted the
Biltmore folks most was the fact that she has a
daughter in the Biltmore herd. Blue ISTun, that made
18 pounds .5^ onces Iratter in seven days and won
sweepstakes at Ohio State Pair for them, besides
other prizes. The son of siich a finely bred and gi-eat
individual cow as is Golden Lad's Blue Belle, should
be a sire fit to associate with the great ones already at
Biltmore.

The accession of such a family as that of JSTun-
rhorpe's Fontaine to the Jersey stables of America
cannot fail to wield a great share of influence in the
upward tendency of the breeding industry. Ivlr. Bow-
man, of Bowmout Farms, Salem, Va., her biiyer, took
with her and her granddaughter four other females,
the six head costing him an average of $467. Among
them was Flying Fox's Brown Queen, one of the
handsomest of the light fawns, that had given nine
quarts of milk the night before sale — just a 2-year-old
with first calf. He also got Flying Fox's Sweet
Daisy and Golden Fern's Mabelle, the latter a 6-
year-old gi'ay fawn daughter of Golden Fern's Lad, a
first prize winner over the Island, and said to have
produced 12 pounds butter (Island weight) in seven
days before she had a calf. She is due early next
month bv Shv Fox.

made arrangements with his shepherd to care for the
sow and the pigs. As there was an abundance of
skim milk this was given her without cost, but all
grain fed was charged for at market prices. From
this single investment she cleared $!>0 the first year,
$200 the second and $300 the third year. By this
time the stock had so increased in numbers as to out-
grow its quarters, and was proving so profitable that
Dr. Webb thought it advisable to buy her out. So at
the end of the fourth year he took over the stock at
mai'ket prices and gave her a check for $700. From
this start the present piggery has been developed,
which is the most profitable department of the place.
The past year 200 pigs were sold, averaging 2.50
to 300 pounds in weight and bring one-half cent per
pound more than the ruling market prices, because of
the superior conditions under which they are kept.

POLAND CHINA HOGS.

At a recent sale of Poland China hogs at Pekin,
111., a sow and litter of nine pigs sold for $2,000,
and the whole herd sold for $13,535.

Such prices as these confirm the Irishmaii's de-
scription of his hog as the "Gintleman that pays the
rint."

THE HOG AS A MONEY-MAKER.

The fol]o^^•ing, taken from Country Life in Amer-
ica, shows what has been done by a girl :

Six years ago a daughter of Dr. W. Seward Webb,
in order to show her business ability and to obtain a
little additional pocket money, took a little "flyer"
in stock breeding on Shelburne Farms, Dr. Webb's
country seat at Lake Champlain. She invested $20
in a brood sow, and, with her father's permission,.

THE BERKSHIRE HOG.

Ediinr Southern Plnntev:

I do not say it because I am a breeder of pure-bred
Berkshire hogs, but my judgment, guided by the light
of experience, is that for the average farmer in the
Virginias and Carolinas there is more net profit in
raising hogs than any other stock produced on the
farm.

Berkshires have been, and are still, considered
"mortgage raisers" in many of the Western and
Xortliwestern States, although some persons have the
mistaken idea that it is a small breed. As all-
round hogs and for general purposes they have no
equals. For quality of meat and its flavor, for early
maturity, for capacity to take on flesh at any age and
size, as well as the ability to make their own living,
where others would fair badly, the Berkshires are
an ideal hog.

They can be made to weigh, with good treatment,
250 pounds at fi months of age, while the average
fai-mer is well satisfied to get 200 pounds at the end
of fifteen months. Let any of your readers good at
arithmetic calculate the cost of the keep and he will
have the net profit.

I now liave several Berkshire sows, in stock order
only, that will weigh between 500 and 600 pounds.
I wish I could induce farmers in general to give
more attention to hog raising.

It is an indispensable department of mixed hu--
bandry. S. Brown Ai.i.en.

Augusta county, Va.

454

THE SOUTHERN PLANTER.

[July

JAPAN CLOVER AND MILCH COWS.

Editor Southern Planter:

In answer to your North Caroline correspondent in
regard to Japan clover fattening cattle and decreasing
milk flow,I have to say that I tested Japan clover
in 1002 a full season with from seven to ten cows,
and my experience and observation is that the fault
is in the cow and not the clover. No first-class milch
cow will lay on excessive fat on any kind of "ration,"
but one inclined to beef will grow fat on Japan clover
and decrease in milk. My cows had no additional
feed and some of them went to the butcher from the
pasture. The meal that your subscriber fed his cows
only helped the clover to fatten and cut down the milk
flow. A cow that will grow fat on a well balanced
ration for milk should go to the butcher as soon as the
test has been made. It will not pay at any time or
under any circumstances, to feed any cow for milk
and butter if she persists in putting on beef. Your
correspondent can get milk cows that will not get fat
on Japan clover or decrease in milk flow from eating
it exclusively. . . . .John M. Gibbs.

Iredell count i/, N. C.

MONEY IN SHEEP IN EASTERN VIRGINIA.

A. H. Lindsay, an all-round farmer, who has a
large farm ten miles south of Norfolk, keeps a flock
of 600 to 700 head of sheep, mostly of the Southdown
and Shropshire breed, and never feeds them a pound
of grain, but allows them to run on tame and wild
grass patches during the siimmer season. Mr. Lind-
say raises several hundred acres of wheat and rye,
four or five hundred acres of potatoes, and after the
rye and wheat are cut and the potatoes dug he plants
the land to corn for a second crop, and after he is
through cultivating the corn sows therein fall rye in
one place and turiiij)s and rutabagas in another and
rape still in another. When the summer pastures are
short he lets the sheep into the corn-fields thus pre-
])ared and change.s them about from one field to an-
other, allowing them to feed on these green vegetables
and rye until spring, when the sheep come out as
fat as butter. The corn is gathered right along while
the sheep are feeding in the fields, there being so
much feeding in the fields the sheep never disturb the
corn. Aloreover, the corn stalks are so tall and the
ears so high from the ground there is no danger of
the sheep getting them: These sheep run any^vhere
and everywhere through the corn fields until the grass
comes in the tame grass pastures in the spring. In
this way the foul weeds are kept do^vn and the land

is improved in richness. He arranges his breedings
so as to have lambs come from the 1st of October until
April, as there is no danger of loss by cold weather
during the winter season. October lambs are mar-
keted about March 1st and the balance along later on
until July 1st, always bringing the top prices on the
market.

Mr. Lindsay sold this last March 100 head of Octo-
ber lambs in one bunch to a dealer in Washington, D.
C, at $5 per head net to him, and it is safe to say
they didn't cost 50 cents each to raise them.

This is only what one man can do and what every
Virginia farmer ought to do, for sheep are a better
farm fertilizer than any that was ever manufactured
or discovered and beat all commercial fertilizers ever
used as a money maker.

Farmers, study this point ; you can make money by
following this man's example. The sale of the wool
from the sheep will twice pay for the keeping, besides
selling spring lambs and mutton during the season. —
( 'orniicopia.

STOCK SALE AT ORANGE, VA.

We can assure readers of the Southern Planter
wkho may attend the sale on the 30th of July at
Orange, Va., advertised in this issue, that they will
have the opportunity of buying some well-bred stock,
seeing a very charming country and attending a well-
conducted show of high-class horses, three factors in
a very enjoyable outing.

POINTERS ON FEED.

Professor W. J. Kennedy says in New York
Farmer :

Alfalfa hay is the best kind of fodder a farmer can
feed to his young stock, dairy cows and fattening
cattle. It is rich in both protein and ash, and thus
balances corn. Clover hay is good.

Bran is an excellent feed, except for young hogs ;
it is too bulky for them.

The by-products of the glucose factory, such as
gluten meal, are exceptionally good feeds to mix with
corn.

Cottonseed meal and oil meal serve the same pur-
poses.

Dried blood is the richest food we have in protein.

The tankage products are excellent feeds to add to
corn for swine feeding.

For calf-feeding purposes flaxseed meal should be
added to skimmed milk.

Feeders must feed more protein foods. They must
also feed less corn and lighter grain rations.

1903.]

THE SOUTHEKIT PLANTER.

455

The Poultry Yard.

NUX VOMICA FOR HAWKS.

Editor Soutliern Planter:

In your issue for June, 1903, I see under discus-
sion the old question of feeding nux vomica to young]
fowls to destroy hawks.

When a young man 1 was a devoted admirer and
breeder of game fowls (pit), and I sometimes had
as many as tifty "stags" on rural "walks" in the
territory covered by Gaston and contiguous counties
in North Carolina. Naturally the loss of young
birds from hawks was very great in such a thinly
populated region as this was in 1878-1879, and I
made many unsuccessful efforts to check it before I
tried nux vomica. The idea was, I believe, given
me by some medical colleague of that county, and it
was at once successful. It is true that most of my
stags were placed out with negroes so ignorant as to
call the drug "ox vomit," but the sum of the testi-
mony was far too great to allow miich for the factor
of ignorance on the part of my observers. It was the
unanimo\is testimony of all that if a chicken hawk
ever fed on a young "Shawl neck" or "War horse"
that had been fed on nux vomica that morning, the
hawk never returned. There is no mystery con-
nected with this result if we consider the following
facts :

The evolution of the bird under the life conditions
imposed on this earth, as we know it, would bring
among the first variations a difference in feeding
habits. Some would in the struggle naturally con-
centrate upon the vegetable seeds and grain foo'ds,
others would tiirn to insect life, others more pre-
dacious, adapted themselves to freshly killed flesh of
other birds or animals, while some, once above such
things, woTild satisfy themselves with putrid flesh.

These things did not all come in a day, and hence
the first of the above groups became in time accus-
tomed to, and hence immune to, the influence of any
alkaloids or other poisons which might occur in the
seeds and grain of their range, while even the last
named would in time acquire freedom from the ills
which others suffer from ingesting the ptomaines and
other decomposition products of putrid flesh. In
other words, vegetable feeders became tolerant of
vegetable poisons, and flesh feeders indifferent to the
toxins of flesh, while each is still more or less sus-
ceptible to the influence of things unaccustomed.

In using the poison it is best to use the crude drug
in place of the active principles, for the reasons set
forth below. The nux vomica of the druggist is the
powdered seed of a small tree (strychnos nux
vomica) growing in India, and from this same but-
ton or seed the alkaloid strychnine is obtained. The

first is slowly absorbed, while the latter, notwith-
standing its relative insolubility among alkaloids,
would soon pass into the general circulation and
tissues.

The chicken hawk of the South is nine times out
of ten Cooper's hawk (Accipeter cooperi), and
with their genus it is, fortunately for our purpose,
the habit of the thief to eviscerate its prey, and bolt
the entrails at the first resting place on his toilsome
homeward flight. Bring down any of the Falconidce
as they reach their nests with prey, and, as a rule,
you will find the prey "stripped."

As regards the susceptibility of the guinea fowl
mentioned, I know nothing of the facts — a guinea
may be killed with strychnine, but as a graminiv-
orous bird he shoTild carry safely enough to kill a
hawk. A spring chicken will carry morphine enough
to kill the man that eats him entire.

One fact in connection with the guinea is sugges-
tive, however. He is, as the name indicates, from
the west coast of Africa, where, as far as I know, the
strychnine and brucine bearing Longoniacoea are
unknown, while our fowls, all varieties of the Indian
jungle fowl (Gallvs bankiva), originated on the soil
where we find strychnine bearing plants most abun-
dant.

The duck, even in the domestic state, is not
strictly graminivorous, and we woitld expect small
doses of any poisonous alkaloid to give him trouble.
(Dr.) P. B. Bakeinger.

University of Virginia.

PRECOCIOUS CHICKENS.

Mrs. Bellwood, of Drewry's Bluff, Va., had a
brood of Plymouth Rock chickens hatched on the
25th of January, 190-3. One of the pullets of this
brood commenced to lay in the first week of May and
is still laying. It is not often that one hears of
pullets laying when less than four months old, but
this particular one actually laid when only a little
more than three months of age.

PRESERVING EGGS.

Use one quart water glass and nine quarts water
to preserve eggs. Put fresh eggs in a wooden, stone
or glass vessel, and cover with this solution. Water
glass a year old is all right to use, if the vessel con-
taining it has been kept tightly closed.

456

THE SOUTHERX PLAXTER.

[July

The Horse.

HACKNEYS IN VIRGINIA.

Of all Virginia breeders not one has probably
ever labored more unselfishly, and that on a large
scale, too, to advance the horse interest in the State
than the Hon. Henry Fairfax, owner of the noted
Oak Hill Farm, near Aldie, Loudoun county, who
imported the famous hackney stallion. Matchless, of
Londsboro, from England, in 1888, and later sold
him to Dr. W. Seward Webb, of Vermont, for
$15,000. Apart from his extensive breeding estab-
lishment, Mr. Fairfax has played a prominent part in
public life for years past, serving as a member of the
State Senate, member of the Constitutional Conven-
tion and chairman of its Finance Committee, and is
now one of the State Corporation Commission, which
is one of the most important otfices in the State Gov-
ernment. Breeding horses began at Oak Hill at an
earlier date, of course, biit the personal selection in
England of Matchless by Mr. Fairfax, and his im-
portation of the wonderfully potent stallion, was the
master stroke that brought fame and fortune to the
farm as the home of fine harness horses. In the be-
ginning neighboring fanners were allowed to breed
their mares to Matchless and other stallions at Oak
Hill on the most liberal terms, oftentimes no service
being charged, but simply an option taken on the
foal at weaning time. Then, too, premiums were
oii'ered for the get of the Oak Hill sires, all of which
encouraged and served likewise to promote an inte-
rest that has since grown into an industry of vast
benefit to all that section.

Matchless Dane, chestnut horse, 7, by Matchless
of Londsboi'o, dam Lady Fife, by Danegelt, is the
stallion now in use at Oak Hill. He has fine size,
good looks and impressive action. The farm mares,
some twenty in number, were all mated with him this
season, while others of real class were received from
northern owners. A number of the Oak Hill matrons
are trotting bred and these, mated with hackney sires,
have produced some great high-acting harness horses.
The grand old imported mare. Go, is a fixture on
the farm and well she may be, because her produce
sold from the place, not including a couple of foals
that died, have brought the snug sum of $21,650,
among them being the 3-year-old registered hackney
Firey Dane, by Danegelt, purchased last fall by Jas.
Hobart Moore, of Chicago, for $10,000. It was the
intention of Mr. Fairfax to reserve Firey Dane
for the stud. Go was sired by Triffett's Fireaway,
and is probably the only daughter of that stallion
in America. There were seventeen foals dropped at

Oak Hill this season and among them are some that
represent the rirhest hackney strains of blood in this
country.

Whalebone, the son of Abdallah Wilkes and Mag-
gie O., by Abdallah, 15, has been well patronized
this season, and the list of well bred matrons sent to
his court includes Lucania, by Woodbourn Ham-
letoniau, one of the best bred sons of Balmont ; Kitsy
Blue, by Victor Blue, son of the noted Oakland Bam,
2 :0!t-}, and Chautauqua Belle, by Henry Coalter, son
of Xorfolk, the sire of Miss Xelson, 2 ill^. The get
of Whalebone all have fine size along with rich color,
and are of tractable dispositions.

Peter Fard, the brown colt, by Aloha, dam Emi-
nence, l^y imp. Kyrle Daly, bred and owned by
Robert Bradley, of the Greenway Farm, Wilcox
Wharf, Va., is the best two year old that has shown
up this season. He has been winning right along in
good company since the season opened with the Jockey
Chib spring meeting at Washington, and is now at
Chicago, where he has been a prominent figure at the
Harlem and Hawthorne meetings. Susie Christian,
by AVyalusing, dam Gift, by imp. Charaxus, is an-
other good two year old in the Bradley stable. Aloha,
the thoroughbred son of imp. St. IMungo, got Robert
Waddell, the American Derbv winner at Chicago in
1901.

At Xorth Bend Farm, which is near Phillis, Meck-
lenburg county, Va., Mr. Charles A. Birnie, has the
California bred trotting stallion Anteneer, 16316,
and the good-looking son of Eros and Ante, by An-
teco, is doing nicely. Eros and Anteco are both sons
of Electioneer, hence Anteneer is inbred to that
famous son of Hambeltouian, 10.

Lizzie H., full sister to the great race horse Morello,
by Eolus, dam Cerise, by imp. Moccasin, one of the
choicest bred mares in the Ellerslie stud of R. J.
Hancock iS: Son, Charlottesville, Va., foaled on June
4th, a brown or black colt by imp. Fatherless, and
was bred back to that son of Isonomy. This pa-
trician bred yoimgster has been christened Ian.

Eon, by Eolus, out of famous War Song, by War
Dance, heads the Ellerslie Stud, and he has a stud
companion of rare breeding in imp. Fatherless, the
English bred son of Isonomy and Orphan Agnes, by
Speculum. The oldest of the get of Fatherless are

1903.]

THE SOUTHERI^r PLANTEE.

457

•onlv Yearlings, but Eon is credited with a number of
winners, fonr of them capturing over $20,000 in
1902. Ellerslie is the most noted of modern Vir-
ginia thoroughbreed breeding establishments, and
Eon, who was bred there, is one of the grandest look-
ing thoroughbred stallions ever stripped. The full
brothers Aurus and Aureus, by Eolus, are also in the
stud at Ellerslie. Their dam is Sample, by imp.
Rotherhill.

In a match race at the Deep Run Hunt Club mile
track, on June 15th, lietween the pacers Fern, owned
by Luther Libby, and Smith O'Brien, the property
of J. C. Cheatwood, the former won in straight heats,
time 2:19 1-4, 2:18 3-4, 2:22 1-4. Fern is a bay
mare by Petoskey, dam Mannie, by Ajas, and Smith
O'Brien is a brown gelding by Aparka, dam Ada M.,
by Corsair. On the same day Senator Little, the
brown gelding, by Wilton, dam Ximena Wilkes, by
Wilkes Boy, to decide a wager, trotted a mile against
time in 2 :27 1-2.

The well-known Virginian, Algernon Daingerfield,
foi-merly a contributor to this journal, has been ap-
pointed assistant secretary of the Jockey Club. Xew
York. ^Ir. Daingertield is a son of Major Foxhall
A. Daingerfield, manager of the famous Castleton
Stud, Lexington, Ky., and a nephew of the multi-
millionaire James R. Keene, owner of Castleton.
The position to which Mr. Daingerfield has been
elected is an important one, and while his title is that
of assistant secretary, the duties of the office really
.devolve on him.

C. A. Pusey, one of the veterans of the trotting
turf, who took Lona Girffin, 2:23 1-4, do\\ii the Grand
Circuit in the early eighties, and since been promi-
nently identified with trotters and pacers, is now
quartered at Glen Lea Farm, near the city, and is
working the brown gelding Hiiknan, 2 :20, and others
for speed. Among other well known horses trained
and driven during recent years by Pusey may be men-
tioned such good ones as Mosul, 2 :09 1-4 ; Rustier,
2:15 1-4; Firewood, 2:17 1-4, aUd Little B/e>tz,
2 :23 1-4.

ji jt jn

The Foxhall Farm, Xorfolk, Va., has sold to John
!McGuire, ^NTew York, the speedy trotters Baron Wood,
2:15 1-4, by Baron Posey, and Princess Kenton,
2 :32 1-4, by Great Stakes, dam Lady Kenton, by
Hambeltonian Manbrino. The latter is six years
old, and was driven a mile in 2 :19 1-4 before the sale.

Bishop Wilmer, the bay colt one year old, bred and
owned at Plain Dealing Farm, near Scottsville, Va.,
is a good-looking youngster, and should make a trot-

ter with age and development. He is a son of Vir-
ginia Chief, and Flora Jefferson, by Bay Diamond,
soti of Mambrino Patchen. The handsomest three
year old at Plain Dealing and one of the best looking
to be seen at any breeding establishment is Flora
Allerton, chestnut fiUy, 3, by AUerton, dam Flora
•Jefferson. The filly was bred by C. W. Williams,
owner of Allerton.

Xorfolk has joined the circuit of Virginia Horse
Shows, and will follow Richmond, the dates chosen
lieing October I9th to 23d. The show will be held
at the Fair Grounds, and the mammoth steel build-
ing there formerly used for exhibition purposes has
been secured. The ^ISTorfolk show will be held on a
large scale, and will prove a great success.
^ ^ ^

Diomed, winner of the first English Derby
in 1780, wa.s brought to Virginia when twenty-
two years old, and $1,000 was paid for the noted son
of Florizel and the sister to Juno, daughter of Spec-
tator. The chestnut stallion died in 1808 the prop-
erty of Colonel Hoomes, when thirty-one years old,
and left an imperishable renown. Diomed must
Iiave been a horse of unusual vigor, because he had
reached the age to vote when brought to this country,
yet the voyage of thirty days and tossing about in a
sailing vessel did affect his spirits and he landed full
of life. The fate, however, of two other winners of
this classic event of the English turf was very dif-
ferent, as Bhie Gown, winner of the ninetieth Derby,
and Kingcraft, hero of the ninety-second, who were
purchased by American breeders, both died on the
journey over, though they were shipped on a steam-
ship in comparative luxury. The cost of Diomed
presents a strong contrast to the $10,500 and $150,-
000, paid respectively by Charles Reed for imp. St.
Blaise, and W. B. ^IcDonough for imp. Ormonde.
The last named horses are the only other Derby win-
ners that ever landed in this country alive, with the
exception of Diomed and St. Giles, yet the son of
Florizel proved more valuable than both of them put
together, for he sired Sir Archy, the Emperor of
American stallions, who, in turn, got Timoleon, and
from his sons came the famous Boston, sii'e of the
immortal Lexington. Sir Archy, Timoleon and Bos-
ton were all bred in Virginia. Begad Rock.
..St .jt ^

Sale of Ellerslie, Virginia, Yearlings.

The Ellerslie yearlings (20 head) sold at Grave-
send, X. Y., on June 12th, for sixteen thousand eight
hundred ($16,800) dollars, an average of eight htm-
dred and forty dollars per head. This shows what
Alljemarle grit and grass will do. Mr. J. S. Stark's
Red Reynard, by imp. Fatherless, dam Miss Rhodie,
brought one thousand dollars.

458

THE SOUTHERX PLANTER.

[July

Miscellaneous.

THE ACTION OF POISON ON BIRDS AND ANIMALS.

Editor Southern Planter:

As the nux vomica question is practically settled, I
hope I may be pardoned for contributing an addi-
tional mite.

The late Judge Pressly, of this State, once publish-
ed an article in the Southern Cultivator, stating that
he had used it (nux vomica) with great effect for
years. He could not say that it killed the hawks,
but that they disappeared and did not return for a
long time. He also quoted Mr. M. Pankerin, a dis-
tinguished chemist of Charleston, as saying that the
poison was only effective upon such of the feathered
tribe as came into this world with their eyes closed.
Tliis, I note, does not agree with the opinion of any
of vour correspondents.

Xow, as to certain animals being immune from
certain poisons, I can state of my own knowledge that
a hog cannot be injured by strychnine. Have fed it
to them myself, and a good many years since, when
the negroes in a certain part of Georgia would not
allow the farmers to own a hog, the latter were driven
to the expedient of using strychnine, and it is on re-
cord that one morning a negro family failed to show
up, and examination revealed the fact that they had
gone to the next world, and the remainder of the hog
was found in the house. The effect is said to last
about three weeks, a teaspoonful to one dozen hogs.
As the hog in his natural state kills and eats rattle-
snakes, he must be proof against other forms of
poison. Likewise, arsenic, so fatal to many animals,
is a first class tonic for dogs. I have seen living dog
skeletons made fat enough in a few weeks to work up
into sausages by one dose of arsenic — i. e., a teaspoon-
ful. Have poisoned rabbits with arsenic, and they
were eaten by minks without ill-effect. I remember
the case of one party using nux vomica on his fowls
who found an owl of the heaviest calibre unable to
make an attempt to escape, and so continued to live
for some time. My idea is that instinct or common
sense teaches them to boycott a territory where the
diet is not suitable, or they find the natives can "go
one better." Senex.

Beaufort Co., S. C.

SOME GOOD SOUTHERN RECORDS.

The agriculture of the South, as well as that of the
Xorth, can show some good records. Those who have
formed their ideas of Southern agriculture from the
reports of methods practiced and results obtained by

the average or poorer class of farmers will doubtless
be surprised at some of the following records given
by the Practical Earmer, in reply to an Ohio writer :
' While there is more general good farming in Ohio,
it is not the only place where good farming is done.
Even in the poor South there are farmers who need
not be ashamed of what they are doing. We suppose
that even in the "agriculturally prosperous Nortn" a
crop of 40 1-2 bushels of wheat per acre would be con-
sidered a fine croj) over an 80-acre field. And yet
this crop was made down in North Carolina on a
clover sod by the late Governor Holt. Thirty bushels
of wheat per acre from seed sown the middle of De-
cember, after a crop of $50 per acre had been taken
from the field the year before, does not look like bad
farming. And yet ^Ir. Dautridge, of Edgecombe
county, X. C, did this after getting $50 worth of
cotton per acre from the field. We suppose that 75
bushels of oats per acre would be thought a fine crop
even in Ohio, and yet this crop was made in North
Carolina, and the man who raised it cut two tons of
pea vine hay from the same land after the oats were
harvested, and left the land in crimson clover.

In Maryland the late General ilcKinney was as-
sessed for taxation on one million dollars' worth of
real estate made by farming since the war, and Capt.
.Vndrew Woodall, of the same State, has become a
millionaire at farming. In Georgia, Mr. Smith,
near Athens, gets about $75,000 a year from his crops
and is a millionaire. How many more millionaire
farmers are there in Ohio ? In Eastern North Caro-
lina we have seen a field from which over 75 barrels
of Irish potatoes per acre were shipped North in
early June, a crop of pea vine hay grown on the same
land by August, and then a crop of late potatoes of
05 barrels per acre dug from the same land in Decem-
ber and the land set in cabbage for the next spring
And these 1,500 barrels of second crop potatoes were
nil sold for seed to the "agriculturally prosperous
North" before Christmas at $2.50 per barrel, the field
showing a yield of nearly $400 for the season per
acre. Can you do that in Ohio, or any^vhere else in
the "agriculturally prosperous North ?"

We suppose that it would be considered a great
wonder if a man got $3,000 an acre from land in
Ohio between December and April, and yet the lettuce
growers of Eastern North Carolina have been doing
that for some time at a cost of about $500 per acre.
If a man in Ohio got $000 for 30 crates of straw-
berries it would be heralded in the agricultural pa-
pers of that State. And yet last December this was
done in Eastern North Carolina from the open field.
Our Ohio friend is justly proud of his apple orchard.
But if he had attended the State Eair of North Caro-

1903.]

THE SOUTHERN PLANTER.

459

lina last fall he would have seen apples he has never
yet seen. The judges at the fair on fruits were Prof.
H. L. Bailey, of Cornell; Colonel Brackett, of the
Agricultural Department, and F. W. Taylor, of the
St. Louis Fair. They said that they had never seen
such a display of apples, and Colonel Brackett said
that such fruit grows only in North Carolina and on
the Ozarks, and that North Carolina has the advan-
tage in the exuberant fertility of her mountain lands
over the thin lands on the Ozarks.

Ohio has tine grass and fine cattle. But out in the
plateau region of North Carolina, where the whole
land is in grass and the cattle are Shorthorns, we saw
men shipping feeders at 4 1-2 cents, live weight, to
Ohio, Indiana and Illinois. In Cherokee county we
saw 200 big haystacks in one field on land underlaid
with the finest of marble. Our friend thinks that the
South cannot grow grass. The fact is, that the cot-
ton farmers have been for generations hard at work to
keep the grass down. They have neglected forage
and stock too much, but are gradually waking iip to
their possibilities. We saw a man in Eastern North
Carolina mowing over two tons of fine hay per acre
from land that was in cotton the year before, and not
a grass seed had been sown on the land. Can you cut
such a grass crop in Ohio from land left idle '

At the North Carolina Agricultural Experiment
Station there is a large lawn of Kentucky blue grass
over fifteen years old, which is the admiration of all
who see it, even of Ohio men, and we have several of
them here. The dense sod springs like a mattress
under the foot, and shows that grass will grow here if
given half a chance. On the college farm last year
a sod was plowed and planted in corn. It promised
to make 75 bushels per acre, but was cut green and
used for soiling, and peas were sown on the land, and
these later in the season were soiled off, and laud
sown in rye and crimson clover, and now the cows
are wading in the clover. Ohio land could hardly do
much better.

The market gardeners in Eastern North Carolina
habitually get two tons of volunteer hay, equal to the
best of timotin', on the land from which their early
crops of garden peas and snap beans are shipped, and
never a seed is sown. They might do better by sow-
ing peas, and some of them do. The South needs
more good Ohio farmers, and good farmers from
anywhere, to take up the idle lands. The South is
"getting there," and while Southern born men greatly
admire the farming of the North, they are not willing
to admit that all the good farming is done there.
With a kind soil and a climate that allows of crop-
ping that can never be imitated in the North, the pos-
sibilities of the South are but little understood. The
Southern farmers do not think they know it all yet,
and I pity the man anwhere who thinks he has noth-
ing to learn, even from the South.

FILLING THE SILO.

Editor Southern Planter:

I have received numerous inquiries recently in re-
gard to my opinion as to the best, as well as the
quickest, way to put up ensilage. I am glad to see
that the farmers in Virginia and the South generally
are at last taking an interest in the silo. There is
nothing made on the farm that gives results as
quickly as corn put up this v\'ay. My object in writ-
ing this article is to attempt to save others the trouble,
worry and expense in cutting ensilage and filling the
silo that I have had to contend with by using ditfer-
ent kinds of cutters and elevators. The cutters that
deliver the ensilage into the silo by endless chains are
a thing ofthe past. There is so much loss of time,
teams idle, men standing around looking, no one at
work but the "boss," and he tugging away at set
screws, slats, endless chains and various devices that
never work smoothly, that it is beyond endurance. I
am confident if any one has as much as one hundred
tons of ensilage to cut and has already a cutter and
carrier of this kind it will pay him to dispose of it
and get a ''Blower." There is nothing about these
machines to get out of order. The silage is blown
into the silo through a pipe. There is no need of a
stop, from morning imtil night. It can be put in
place in one-fourth of the time it takes to place the
elevator cutters, and the cost of the machines is about
the same. T. 0. Sandy.

Nottoway Co., Va. '1

BRIGHT OUTLOOK FOR SOUTHERN FARMING.

"There is no section of the world," said Secretary
Wilson, in speaking of his last tour of the South,
"which opens such inducements for diversified farm-
ing as the Southern section of the United States. I
believe that the next few years will see a development
greater than has ever taken place in any sec-
tion of our country, and the keynote of this will be
diversified crops, the doing away with the single farm
crop, and the feeding of crops on the farm."

Secretary Wilson is a conservative as well as a far-
seeing man and a farmer himself, and his words may
he taken at their face value. We commend them to
our young men.

The brown mare Frances S. Dayton, 2:27 ."5-4, by
Cadmus, Jr., dam the great brood mare Daisy Day-
ton, dam of Lake Erie, 2:1P) 1-4, etc., by Rysdyk's
Bellfounder, owned by James Cox, Belgravia Farm,
Mt. .fackson, Va., foaled on June 1st, a shapely bay
filly by Kelly, 2 :27, and was bred back to the blood-
like, handsome son of Electioneer and famous thor-
oughbred Esther, the dam of Expressive, 3, 2 :12 1-2.

460

THE SOUTHERN PLATfTER.

[July

THE FARMER'S DOG.

Tbe true fanner's dog is a Collie. He
is, when properly bred and trained,
worth a half dozen "hands" in handling
sheep and stock general^.

We have seen a shepherd with two
dogs "round \ip" and hold a flock of
hundreds of sheep on the wild, uu-
fenced moorlands of the north of Eng-
land, and then pass them through a
small opening between two short lengths
of hurdles and count them without the
assistance of another man, and all this
done by the dogs Avithout harassing or
chasing the sheep. The dogs and sheep
are on the best terms with each other, all
seemingly enjoying the "round up."

We produce herewith a picture of one
of the handsomest dogs of this breed in
the country, the imported "General
French," owned by the Maplemont
Stock Farm, whose advertisement will
be found in our columns.

GAPES IN CHICKENS.

The following comes from A. F. C, Rossville,
Ind. :

"Our little chickens are all dying with the gapes.
Please publish a remedy for this trouble."

The technical name for that disease of poultry
commonly called the "gapes" is verminous trachei-
lironchitis or Syngamosis. It is caused by a small
round worm, curioiisly formed, the male being
firmly attached to the female", giving it the appear-
ance of having two heads. This worm — Syngamus
trachealis — is a member of a family of parasites
that develop without the assistance of an inter-
mediate host, although undoiibtedly it is often foTind
in angleworms, and eating these worms often starts
the disease.

Gapes recur year after year on some farms and
never are known on others. 'Where they appear
once they are likely to remain with considerable
persistency. Sometimes removing the poultry yards
even a short distance causes the disease to disappear.

A plan we have used with perfect success is one
that we always hesitate to recommend, for a little
mistake might do much damage. We prefer it to
anything else we have ever tried and have never
yet lost a chick, and there is no neecl of losing any
if proper care is taken. This plan is fumigation
with sulphur, and it is accomplished as follows:

In the bottom of an old kettle or similar vessel
place some coals or a piece of brick or iron heated

reil-hot. Have the chicks in a flat-bottomed basket,
covered with a cloth; place on the coals or other
heating material in the kettle a little sulphur, when a
dense and suffocating smoke will rise. Through
this smoke slowly pass the basket containing the
chicks, allowing some of the smoke to rise
through the spaces in the bottom. Pass the basket
through the smoke only once before removing the
cloth to allow the chicks to catch their breath, as they
will be gaping from inhaling the suffocating fumes.
Repeat the operation two or three times and then ope-
rate on another lot until all have been fumigated.
The fumes of the sulphur kill the worms, which are
attached to the inside of the trachea, and incidentally
kill any lice that may be on the chicks. The fumes
of carbolic acid have been highly recommended as a
cure for gapes. Carbolic acid is used the same as
sulphur, and is safer, but the chicks must be exposed
to the fumes for a longer period than would be the
case if sulphur wei'e used. It is necessary to use
almost as much care when iising carbolic acid as when
sul])hur is the agent employed in destroying the pest.
Some of the poultry suj)])ly houses have a little in-
stnmient c ailed a gape-worm extractor, which is sold
for a few cents. Gallus Bankiva.

Breeders' Gazette.

When corresponding with advertisers, kindly men-
tion the Southern Planter.

1903.]

THE SOUTHERN PLANTER.

461

THE

Southern Planter

PUBLISHED BY

THf SO0ltl[RN PLANI[R PUBilSlliKG GOHP'lf.

RICHMOND, VA.

Issued on 1st of each Month.

J. F. JACKSON,
Editor and General Manager.

B. MORGAN SHEPHERD,
Business Manager.

TERMS FOR ADVERTISING.
Rate card furnished on application.

TERMS FOR SUBSCRIPTION.

THE SOUTHERN PLANTER Is mailed to
■ubscrlbers In the United States and Canada
at 50c. per annum; all foreign countries and
the city of Richmond. 75c.

REMITTANCES should be made direct to
this oflGce, either by Registered Letter or
Money Order, which will be at our risk. When
made otherwise we cannot be responsible.

ALWAYS GIVE THE NAME of the Post-
Offlce to which your paper is sent. Your
name cannot be found on our books unless
this is done.

SUBSCRIBERS failing to receive their paper
promptly and regularly, will confer a favor
by reporting the fact at once.

THE DATE ON YOUR LABEL shows to
what time your subscription is paid.

NO ANONYMOUS communications or en-
quiries will receive attention.

Address— THE SOUTHERN PLANTER.

RICHMOND, VA.

DETAIL INDEX TO ENQUIRER'S
COLUMN.

Tomato Worms 439

Sassafras 439

Potash for Clover 439

Hog Yards 439

Rye and Crimson Clover 440

Pickle-Making — Storing Irish and

Sweet Potatoes 440

Ticks on Cows 440

Pruning Orchard 440

Patenting Fruit Trees 441

Feed Value of Rutabagas 441

Horses Rubbing Mane and Tail. . . 441

Irrigating Land 441

Raising Colts 442

Lice in the Hen House — Number
of Roosters Required — Fertility

of Eggs 442

Fig Tree Dropping Fruit 442

Rotten Oak as a Fertilizer 442

Improving Gravelly Land for

Grass 442

Nut Grass 443

Ploughing Land 443

Cramp in Horses 443

Plants for Name 444

Plant for Name 444

Sick Chickens and Hens 444

Curing Pea Vines — Crimson Clover

Hay 444

Seeding Grass — Preventing Wash-
ing 444

'Oats Turning to Cheat 445

Water Meadow 445

•Threshing Cow Peas and Soy

Beans 445

Porage 'Crops 445

PUBLISHER'S NOTES.

TO ADVERTISERS.

All advertisements and matter
pertaining to advertising must
reach us by the 25th of each
month. Please bear this in mind.

WITH THE ADVERTISERS.

Superior Grain Drills are offered the
farmers of the South through our col-
umns again this season.

Mr. C. A. Saunders has for sale some
finely bred Shropshire Ram and Ewe
Lambs.

The Harris Hardware Company has
a few Cultivators left, and is selling
them at very low prices to avoid car-
rying them over for another season.

Look up the advertisement of the
famous Bicktord & Huffman Drill else-
where in this issue.

Mr. J. H. Ellis is offering some nice
Aberdeen-Angus Cattle. Refer to his
ad.

Dederick's Hay Press, well known to
hundreds of our readers, is offered in
another column. This baler is one of
the oldest on the market, and is better
and cheaper than ever before.

Mr. J. Tabb Janney is offering for
sale his splendid herd bull. "Hero of
Bunker Hill." This is a splendid
specimen of the Angus Breed and a
most prepotent sire.

Empire Grain Drills are advertised
in an attractive form in another col-
umn.

The Ohio Carriage Manufacturing
Company makes an attractive offer in
this month's advertisement.

Rose Dale Stock Farm is offering
Aberdeen-Angus Cattle at "introduc-
tory prices." Look up the ad.

Dorset Sheep and Hereford Cattle
are offered bv H. Armstrong, Lantz
Mills, Va.

Tamworth and Poland China Hogs,
also Hampshire Down Sheep can be
had of Mr. J. C. Graves, Barbours-
ville, Va.

Shorthorn Calves — a couple of nice
ones — can be bought of Repass Bros.,
Wytheville, Va.

The International Stock Food Co.
has a large ad elsewhere in this issue.
Look it up and send for their free
stock book.

Nature's Remedy Company has a
card elsewhere in this number.

A LESSON OF THE TIMES.

It is a very neat and attractive han-
ger in several colors and half-tone ef-
fects, handsome enough for home
decoration, which the Studebaker
Bros. Manufacturing Co. are sending
out under the above title. It would
be more aptly described as a pictorial
history of the rise of a great manu-
facturing establishment. The upper
panel pictures the unpretentious but

Wood's Seeds.

Seed Potatoes

for Late Planting.

Our cu.stomers say that Wood's Cold
Storage Seed Potatoes have solved the
problem.

How to secure a bountiful supply of
potatoes all through the year. Our
special circular about Cold Storage
Seed Potatoes gives full information.
Write for it.

Sow Cow^ Peas

To follow your grain crops. They can
be satisfactorily seeded all through
July. Not necessary to replow grain
fields for Cow Peas; run cutaway or
sharp-toothed harrow over the fields,
and it will give sufficient preparation
and make a most satisfactory crop.
Write for prices and special circular.

T. W. Wood's & Sons,

SEEDSMEN, = Richmond, Va.

CFLERY

Plants— G. S
B. S1.40 per
1,000: SOc.'SOO:
Strong healthy plants from French grown 8eed
sown thin (In rows) in rich beds. Plants are
Icept in even steady growth by irrigation. (12
experiments, covering 3 years, by Maryland
Agricultural Experiment Station, Bulletin No
.SS, with American and French seed, purchased
from five leading seed firms, showed that .Ameri-
can seed produce about 10 per cent of hollow
stalks French seed no hollow stalks.) W. P.,
G. H. and li. P. $1.60 per 1,00 i: 81.00,. TOO. L.'MO.OOO
plants. I .ship in ventilated boxes, roots In
damp moss. F. W. Rochelle. Drawer 7, Ches-
ter, N. J.

TURINIP SEED.

Fresh Stock of
All Varieties.

DIGOS & BEADLES,
Seedsmen,

1711 E. Franklin St., RICHMOND, VA.

Mr. Fanner: Do you know that a few colonies
of good Ilalian Bees will pay you a better reve-
nue than any investment you "can make? And
besides are worth many times their cost to pol-
Ieni?;e your fruit and vegetation each year.

My pure bred Italians cannot be beaten In
Virginia. I am prepared to furnish Bees by the
pound, nuclei or colony.

Full Colony pure bred Italians in complete
Langstroth Hive including Super and Founda-
tion Starters, $0.00 f. o. b.

Also A. I. Roofs hives and supplies at cata-
logue prices. Fxtracted and Comb Honey.

Pure Italian Queens §1.00 each.

Write me anything you wish to know about
BEES or supplies, your'correspondence solicited.
J. E. THOMASSON, Bumpass, Va.

Mention the Southern Planter in
writing.

462

THE SOUTHERN PLANTEE.

[July

now famous Studebaker blacksmilh
shop of 1852— the bud in which was
wrapped up the brilliant StndebaUer
future. For it was this humble shop
that by growth, development and en-
largement is the logical predecessor
of all that the great plant now boasts.
Following this is an excellent repro-
duction of the plant as it now is, with
the legends "largest in the world" and
"plant covers 101 acres." Below are
tastefully grouped the five Studebaker
brothers! whose faces have become so
familiar, and from a cornucopia on
either side of this group comes all
manner of vehicles, typical of the end-
less stream which flows from the
Studebaker factory to all corners of
the earth. This hanger, 20x38 inches
in si/ce, tinned top and bottom, may be
had by writing the Studebaker Bros,
Manufacturing Co., South Bend, Ind..
and enclosing six cents in stamps to
pay postage. It ought to be in every
school house in the land.

State of Ohio, City of Toledo, ) ss.
Lucas County, )

Frank J. Cheney makes oath that he
is the senior partner of the firm of F.
J. Cheney & Co., doing business in the
city of Toledo, county and State afore-
said, and that said firm will pay the
sum of ONE HUNDRED DOLLARS
for each and every case of Catarrh
that cannot be cured by the use of
HALL'S CATARRH CURE.

FRANK J. CHENRV.

Sworn to before me and subscribed
in mv presence, this 6th day of Decem-
ber, A. D. 1886.

A. W. GLEASON,
(Seal) Notary Public.

Hall's Catarrh Cure is taken inter
nally and acta directly on the blood
and mucous surfaces of the system.
Send for testimonials, free.

F. J. CHENEY & CO., Toledo, O.

Sold by Druggists. 75c.

Hall's Family Pills are the best.

A NEW ALMANAC.

The 1904 Almanac to be issued by
the America Seeding Machine Co..
Springfield, Ohio, will be a most com-
plete and valuable reference book. It
will contain a complete Almanac, ac-
curate weather forecasts for each
month, valuable cooking and other re-
ceipts for the houswife, reliable veteri-
nary receipts, reports of experimental
stations, butter, egg, grain and pro-
duce account blanks, etc., etc., besides
departments devoted to the interests
of the young man, young lady, the girl
and the boy. This Almanac will have
a handsome lithographed cover in
colors, and will contain 64 pages of
the most useful information. The Al-
manac will be ready for distribution
early in the winter. It will be mailed
free to any person who will send their
name and address. Requests should
be sent at once to Department 89.
American Seeding Machine . Co..
Springfield, Ohio.

reach success

n

HE farmer who reaches success is the one
who not only works hard, but who utilizes all
of the means within his reach. The Mc-
Cormick corn binder is within the reach of
every man. It will save your corn crop — ears,
fodder, stalks and all— and will help double the
value of this great crop.

W. K. BACHE, General Agent for

McCormick Machines, Riclimond, Va.

JOHN .SI'E.NCKIt, Veterlnarhin. VIrRlnia Agrlcultariil Exiieriment Static

Chloro-Naptholeum Dip

" Insures the De.structions of Atltes. OiitbreakB which have i:ome under our notice ha>
been tlmrouKhly ^laln^)eli out by dliu'lng In a 'J per cent solution of Chloro Naptholeum Ulp

If you've trk'J It you know bow kooiI It Is, If you liiiven't, try It now
piilcl upon receipt of Sl^fl._tnoiiey

A..ENTS Wa

One Gallon sent pre-
heck. Booklet free. It can make money for you.
THE WEST OISINFECTINO CO . Inc., 30 Ea«t S9th St.. New York

1903.]

THE SOUTHERN PLANTER

463

For 40 Ye^rs

The above XT. S. Kegistered Trade-Mark
has been a safeguard to the farmer that
he made no mistake in buying

Farmers* Favorite
Grain Drills

For 1903 we offer to the Farmer many
improvementa and new devices of
proven merit ;

Sleel Ribbon Grain Tabes,

New Balanced Anole-Slcel Frame,

"Plowiur" Single Disc. Extension Cbilied Bub,

''Perfection" Grass Seeder,

Imprtved Box and Roller Bearings.

Our FREE Grain Drill Literature tella ■
all about it. Write for it to-day.

BICKrORD & HUrrNAN DIVISION

American Seeding Macliiiie Company,
Dcpt.B . Springlield, Obio.

Pressing Hard Easy

sounds queer, doesn't it? But it isn't diffi-
It to understand if you are using a

RED RIPPER ^»'

Press

It bales tight bundles. large or small, and does it with the
leastamount of strain on the horse. The Red Ripper has
been twice entered in competition with other presses, both
times at the^Georgia

where it was awarded fti
Deaiere who handle the Red Ripper _say that
other hay presses
priced press

3 operate. Progressiv.

new Catalog

Distributing points, Baltimure, Memphis, Cincinn;
Address SIKES MFC. CO., Helena, C

The Hay Baler

"ELI" PRESSES

^^^^' market. I^rir

bale fiistestandbest

for sliipplng and

rket. Largest Fetd Openings.

CoHlii» Plow Co., 1185 H«nip«lilr» St., Quincy, III.

ATTAINING SUCCESS.

Success affords us the means of se-
curing additional success, as tlie pos-
session of capital enables us to in-
crease our pecuniary gains. — Staniss-
laus.

Every one likes to succeed, no mat-
ter what the undertaking may be. Thi'
merchant sti'ives to build up a large
business, the scholar seeks to perfect
himself in his studies, and the farmer
is tireless in his efforts to increase the
yield of his crops. Some succeed in
their efforts, while others fail to at-
tain success. Washington, Lincoln
and Grant are splendid examples of
•what properly directed effort will ac-
complish, even though one is com-
pelled to overcome seemingly insur-
mountable ombstacles. Success on
the farm to-day is secured largely by
the proper selection and use of ma-
chines. It is impossible to save all of
the corn crop without using machines,
and the McCormick corn machines en-
able the corn grower to double the
value of his crop. They are the ma-
chines to buy if you wish to attain
success.

To supply a sufficiency of available
nitrogen is the husbandman's most
difficult, yet most necessary task. To
furnish his animals with an adequate
supply of digestible protein (nitro-
genous ingredient) in their rations is
equally perplexing to the feeder of
live stock. Without a suflSciency of
nitrogen, plants fail to acquire their
full de\elopment and return ample
profits in grain or other products. In
a similar way animals cannot fullv
develop a strong muscular frame, per-
fect bones and tendons, or the vim
and vigor of robust constitutions, in
the absence of a sufficiency of protein.
Corn lacks this principle. Oats and
other cereals give us but some n to
14 per cent,, while wheat bran is not
much richer than the grains in pro-
tein. Dried blood meal, manufactured
by the Armour Fertilizer Works, and
advertised elsewhere in this issue,
shows an analysis of S7 per cent, of
digestible protein, hence should at
once command the attention of stot*
feeders. It has been fully tried as a
food, is economical, prevents many
diseases, and comes in a handy form
for use. It will also keep poultry
healthy, and make hens lay. Address
the above firm for their booklet, giv-
ing full particulars.

GENERAL CONUNDRUMS.

When is a liiss like a rumor? When
it goes from mouth to mouth.

Why is the horse the most curious
feeder in the world? He eats best
without a bit in his mouth.

Why is your nose in the middle of
your face? It is the scenter.

What is the latest thing in dresses?
Night dresses.

Why do chimneys smoke? Because
they cannot chew.

When is a ship most happy? When
she rests on the bosom of a swell.

Wise Man's
Wagon.

The man who has had experienco
in running a wacon knows that it
IS the wheels that determine the
life of the wagon itself. Our

STEEl
WHEELS

^ e, V. ..^ .. ,v;„^o of life to thougands of old

wagons. Ihey can be had in any deaired heiirht.and
any width of tire up to 8 inches. With a set of tkew
wheels you can in a few minutes have either a hiKh
or a low down watron. The Electric Handy
WniroD la made by skilled workmen, of best select-
ed material— white hickory axlea, steel wheels, steel
hounds, etc Guaranteed to carry iOOOlba. Here is
tne wa^ron that will save money for you as It
lasts almost forever. Ourcatalog describing the uses
of these wheels and wagons eent free. Write for It

ELECTRIC WHEEL CO., BOX 146 QUINCY, ILLINOIS,

ELECTRIC

WE'LL PAY THE FREIGHT

id aead 4 Bisk; Wkmli, StMl Tire u>, ■ $7.Sft
I With BablMr Tire., tl&.(H>. I mrg. wbaala H to < <^
I tread. Tofi Bsgtlei, |2S.7a; Himaiia, |3.eo. Wriu h>
eatmlogoe. Learn how to buy Tehleles uid parts direst
Wagoa Umbrella FEES. W. T. BOOB, Clailaaatl, d.

THE IMPROVED

Chamberlin Mfg. Co., Olean, N. Y., U. S. A.

STUMP PULLER

Most Powerful, Haniliest
and Strongest Built in
the World.

deaired Htrangth. Savoa tlm«

and doea the work right. The

operation of palllmc

eaay. Send for Fr««
CutuloKue.

CHICIM BTVliP BACHINB Unk Mb
23B La Balle SlJe.^ Ckloa«», M.

HERCULES STUMP PULLER

Clears an acre of heavy timber land each day.
Clears all stumns in a circle of 160 ft. without
moving or changing machine. Strongest, most
rapid working and best made.
Hercules MIg. Co.. 413 17th St., Centrevllle. Iowa.

464

THE SOUTHERTs^ PLANTER.

[July

ONLY ONE

moro feature demonBtratlng the nnqnestioned
merit of Superior Seoding Machines. The above
Illustration shows the Superior Disk "Wlieel
with Sliding Pinion. It consists practically of
13 wheels of different sizes cast upon a solid
plate. With it 13 difCerent quantities can be
sown from each side of the distributer wheel.
This dispenses with all loose wheels and all side
draft. There are no removable gears togetlost
and cause annoyance. Change of quantity by
change of speed. Our new catalogue NaH which
is free, tt-lls all about this and other Superior
devices. "Write for it toduy.

SUPERIOR

Seeding Machines will do more and better work
than any other drill. Will not choke In trash
Built solid and strong of the best materials. One
man or boy can do perfect seeding In any field
under all conditions. Superior Seeding Ma-
chines are g:uaranteed, and the guarantee is good.

SUPERIOR DIVISION.

AMERICAN SEEDING NACHINECO.,

SPRINGFIELD. OHIO.

SIEAM MEIIRY-60-R0UND

for sale; Price $800.00, Is in kouiI shiipf and

anyoue with a little push can make it pay t) per

cent, on 830,(XI0. Satisfactory reasons for selling.

J. W. & T. H. MASSEY, Hampton, Va,

A NEW ADVERTISER.

We invite attention to the adver-
tisement of J. S. Moore's Sons, else-
where in this issue. This firm suc-
ceeds Mr. D. O'Sullivan in the gro-
cery business at Eighteenth and Mam
streets, Richmond, Va. The old store
house is being renovated and re-
modelled and restocked with every-
thing in the grocery line. As Mr.
O'Sullivau sold the good will of his
business also, the new firm Is expect-
ing his old customers to favor it with
a share ot their patronage. Best gro-
ceries, prompt attention and lowest
prlrpR in the city are the grounds upon
which the trade of our customers is
solicited.

ELI HAY BAILERS.
Hay balers on a large scale will be
Interested in the Eli Power Presses,
which are advertised elsewhere, by
the manufacturer, the Collins Plow
Company, Qulncy, 111. All told, this
company manufactures near two-score
of presses, Including about everything
that could possibly be desired in pat-
tern and size. The power "Elis" are
distinguished by numerous specially
valuable features, such as being self-
feeding, automatic condensing hop-
pers, automatic block placers, signal
bells for regulating size of bales, etc.
These presses are made in both wood
and steel cases. They have a record
of three bales a minute, which, con-
sidering the shapely and solid, com-
pact character of the bale, ought to
meet the requirements of the most ex-
acting buyer. The Ell press is past
the experimental stage. It has es-
tablished a most enviable character
by long service in the field. Most of
our readers are acquainted with It.
Such as are not and are thinking of
buying should not think of placing an
order until they bave procured the '
catalogue and made a etudy of its
claims. Consult the ad. and write for
catalogue. It is mailed free.

HIS REASON.

It has been said >-' *''p southern
darky that he has not always a clear
idea as to property rights, but on
some points it appears that he is not
in the least hazy.

An old colored man in the days
"befo' de wah" was given one of his
master's cast-off hats, which he wore
with great pride. One Sunday his
master met him coming home from a
camp-meeting in a pouring rain, bare-
beaded and holding his hat under his
■"oat. Later on the master questioned
him jocosely, "Why didn't you wear
your hat, Jerry? Did you feel the
need of cooling your head?"

"tou see it am laik dis, sah," re-
sponded Jerry. "Mah head am yours,
but mah hat am mine, an' nachelly I
feels laik takin' care ob It, sah." —
YoutJt's Companion.

Mention the Bouthem Planter In
writing.

•THE INVINCIBLE"

.-:*POTATO PLANTER*:-

Is the most practical and successful hand po-
tato planter made. Will not clog, but under
all conditions does perfect work. Only
planter made with open wire sleeve. A boy
can plant from four to six acres a day with
an Invincible Planter. Strongly made.
Handles unbreakable and adjustable
Read these unsolicited letters:
Gentlemen, — I am very high-
ly pleased with the Invincible
Potato Planter. Would not
take $10 If I could not get an-
other. Not every farmer can
afford to buy a $100 two-horse
planter to use only for a day
or two and stand Idle the rest
of the year.

L. H. SNOW,

Phoenlxville, Conn.

Read this: fd

Gentlemen, — I ^°^^^^tt^t^J
one of your InvlnclbK iIWKF^/.'
Potato Planters as a trial •••""*. " ' ^
sample last year i
think it equal to an extra \
man. besides being
good back saver.

C. W. GRIGGS,
Rose Valley, Pa

Reliable Agents Wanted.
Any farmer can sell Invincible Planters
sight. Write for terms.

Circulars Free.

H. H. WABERS M'F'G. Co.,

Rapine. Wis.

>EPARATORS AND POWERS.

Ul C M DRILLING

MACHINES

The most successful money-making ma-
chines ever made. Also machines for boring
wells with augers by horse power. Write
us if you mean business.
Loomis Machine Co., Tiffin, Ohio.

SEPARATOR

FOR SALI« OR EXCHANGE
A De Laval Huiniuing Bird Separator,
in perfect condition, used about 20 times;
will sell cheap for cash or will exchange
for a pure-brpd Bull Calf of any Beef
Breed — 'Polled iireferred.

W. H. MacNAIR, Tarboro, N. C.

CULTIVATORS BELOW COST!

Roofing Materials.— Tin plate, iron roof-
ing, paptTrooling. nails, hardware. Car-
riage and wagon materials. Cook stoves
etc. Don't write us unless you want the
best at the Lowest Price.

40'.i R. Broad,
Rlchm'd.Va.

HARRIS HARDWARE CO..

ROUND SILO

THE PHILADELPHIA.

The only Perfect Continuous Open Front
SILO made. See Open-Top Patent Roof. Aflk
for Catalogue. E. F. SCHLICHTER.

321 Vine St., Philadelphia, Pa.

Also made In the West by Duplex Mfg.
Co., South Superior, Wis.

1903.J

THE SOUTHEKN PLANTER.

465

WIRE FENC E.

Heavy lateral wires, heavy hard steel stays,
called spring wire. Sure Grip lock. In
strength, appearance and durability, the
Hard Steel cannot be excelled. Write for
catalogue and prices.

THE HARD STEEL WIRE FENCE CO.,
Cuyahoga Falls, Ohio.

ms

I The only machine
1 that will pay forlt-
I self without help,
• save your frisky
I horse or wife from
uuawav.

Genuine spiral Spiiqg Wlie
FENCES HND GATES

If j'our dealer does not have our
goods in stock you can buy direct
at Manufacturers' Price. Write
for Catalogue and secure agency.

INTERNATIONAL FENCE AND F. CO.
Columbus, Ohio.

n

-—^

-

"^

-«

1

=:^

PAGE 2-BAR, 58-INCH FENCE

Ltl^^^^^^LiMiLAWN FENCE

— .-^..^ Many deeigTie. Cheap r

i:ii¥Mmm,r>>yA

wood. 32 page CfttalogTM
free. Speelkl PrlceHtoCeiB»
UrleBSBdCbareh*!. Addrese
COILED SPBIXfl FKSCK CO-
Box <^.. Winchester. !■<

,:(i 1 iM^^MUjiM*:

FENCE I ;

STttOmGESt
MADE, Bua

Btrong. Chiekeo.
tl^ht. Sold to the Fanner at Whoi<«^
Prlem. WnUj Wftrrant«4l. Catalog Frea

COELKD SrRINQ FEKCE CO^
Box AS WlaeheflUr. Lsdlaiu, D. 8. A,

FOR SALE.

A Mccormick

IMPROVED

Corn Harvester

It is in perfect

condition a n d

does tine work.L

W. E. THOMAS, »

Nassawadox, Va.

MO HUMBUG.

Three

Bonn. Price 91.50. Send t1 for (rlkl. If It suits, Mid hnl-
FARMER BRIGHTON, FAIRFIELD, IOWA.

FREE

from anxiety over

wasii (Inv are" those
whouseaDILLEY QUEEN
WASHER. We mnnufnc-
lure threestyles of wash-
ers; to introduce them
we will give you the ad-
vantage of our factory
prices for a short time.
Write for catalosue anil
prices. Our Up-to-Date
at $2.50.

LYONS WASHING MACHINE CO.. Lvons, Mich.

HIGHEST PRICES FOR BALED
HAY.

The prices obtained for baled hay
are largely inflvRnced by its appear-
ance. Uniformity of sections, even-
ness and squareness of ends, command
both better sales and better prices
than poorly baled hay. To get the
best prices means the production of
the best appearing bales, and in this
respect the work done by the Dederick
baling presses, manufactured by the
P. K. Dederick's Sons, Albany, N. Y.,
places these machines in the lead.
Every farmer interested in the baling
of hay or straw should send to thi
firm for their latest catalogue. It is
instructive and contains descriptions
of baling machines in various sizes
and styles for every baling need.

FOR AN IDLE MOMENT.

He kissed her back. — Atlanta Consti-
tution. She fainted upon his departure.
— Lynn Union. She seated herself upon
his entering. — AlMa Democrat. She
whipped him upon his return. — Bur-
Hnglon Haiokeye. How about the
woman who was hurt in the fracas? —
Raihcay Age. He kicked the tramp
upon his sitting down. — American
Pharmacist. We thought she sat down
upon being asked. — Saturday Gossip.
He kissed her passionately upon her
reappearance. — Jejferson Souvenir. A
Chicago foot pad was shot in the tun-
nel.— Western Medical Reporter. We
feel sorry for the poor woman who was
shot in the oil regions. — Medical
World. And why not drop a tear for
the man who was fatally stabbed in
the rotunda, and for him who was
kicked on the highway? — Medical Age.
How about the follow that was shot
in the tenderloin district? — Rockwell
Phonograph . Please shed a few tears
for the Ruthven girl who was hit on
the front porch. — Ruthven (la.) Ap-
peal.

CHLORO NAPTHOLEUM.

This well-known Dip has received
very strong endorsement recently at
the hands of Dr. G. T. Seabury. State
Veterinarian of Wyoming. He has Is-
sued a proclamation to the stockmen
of that State, that all stock affected
with Texas Itch, Spanish Itch. Range
Itch, Mange or Lice must be dipped,
and says that Chloro Naptholeum is
the best possible remedy to obtain,
and strongly urges its use.

The West Disinfecing Co., manufac-
turers, of New Yorlj^ no doubt feel
proud of this strong endorsement, and
very justly so.

Chlorc Naptholeum is advertised
elsewhere in this issue.

Why is a kiss like a sermon? It re-
quires two heads, and an application.

When was Shakespeare a broker?
When he furnished stock quotations.

Why don't Sweden have to send
abroad for cattle? Because she keeps
her Stock-holm.

The Editor

of this paper would not publish this advertiBement
if h didnotkuowtheOhioCarriageMfg.Co.
to be perfectly responsible, and that they would
make good every claim they make for the celebrated

Split Hickory Vehicles

Sold on 30 Days Free Trial

and covered with iron-clad guarantee for 2 years.

Splif

Hickory

Special

Celebrated

4760

good job, and at least I'i5 be

juld ask lor a similar job— n

Hickory on_e._ REMEMBER we manafactur.

what
Split
Ickorr one. REMEMBER we manufacture
ily SPLIT HICKORY VEUICLEB. Write at
once tor FBE£ Catalogue.

OHIO CARRIAGE MFC. CO.,
Station 41 , Cincinnati, Ohio.

SELLING DIRECT

.'so'."

YEARS

Vehicles and Harness direct to consum-
er at factory cost plus one profit only.
Large Catalogue Free.

Elkhart, Ind.

FRAZER

Axle Qrease thf^'oSd

Its wearing qualities ar« unsurpassed, ac-
tually outlasting 3 bxs. any other brand,
Not affected by heat. .«®-Get the Genuine.
FOR SALE BY ALL DEALERS.

SAN JOSE SCALE S^S-

GOOD'S CAUSTIC POTASH
'WHALE OIL SOAP. No. 3.

It also prevents Curl Leaf. Endorsed by en-
tomologists. This soap is a fertilizer as well as
insecticide 60 lb. kegs, 52.50; 100 lb. kegs. 84 60.
Half barrels, 270 lbs., at SJ^oC. per lb.; barrels.
425 lbs., at 3j^c. Large qnanUties, special rates,
Send for circular.

JAMES GOOD.
939-41 N. Front St., Philadelphia, pa.

Kearly 2 aoore years ve h»TB
been trainlcg men and womeo
for bosiness. Only Business Col-
lege in Ta. , and second in Soath
to own its building. No raoation.
'Catalogue free. Bookkeepine,
Shorthand. Penmanship by nudl.

"Leading bus. col. south Potomac river."

MARK YOUR STOCK,

USE THE

KENTUCKY ALUMINUM EAR LABEL

Made by F. H. J.ackson & Co., Winchester, Ky
Write to them for free samples.

466

THE SOUTHERN PLANTER.

[July

/Iffl ■ |B| and FERTILIZER

GRAIN DRILL

^"* The TOBK FORCE FEED DRILL o-

Itnet Unhtmgs with ttrentth. Most oc

intjlftf dnU

madi^ Xcrohii.I.igtaringtoBetoutof
•recloselotrr^.uiid. FoTit |

rdtr. BoiM

S^^S

nn^nriiv Z'S^B^ ^QT

nrler. // -l^^i^^HHiKaiiV

.,1,,.^ 11 JS^BSim^Biil^l

uid lr^^**VHi^^^B^sJii9Bhi

rnt^

With n -^ ^ i'^'MitVfflMgllfPf

^Se^nr

revu- ^ / JnHnflNBBn^^

41*^ B

^%^

\\ j^

Arrnla Wsntrd. — -V^Wfl^

1 V ^y

H ntp lor t. ataio^e. mSL »/

1 V^>

THE HENCH»DROMGOLOC0.?^SL.

^^^

.Mfrn.. Vorl. !'«. ^^5S

"^

FREE SAMPLE

Of "THE STORY OF MT LITE VND
WOKK," By liooker T. Washington.

Send us yonr name and
addreea. Wo want you
to have a copy of tlila
autobiography ot the
greatest living Negro
for the purpoEe of In-
troducing It In your
community. It la a
remarkable eeller, big
profit; agents are mak-
ing from $4 to $ 1 0 per
day. 'Will you Intro-
duce It by selling or
getting ua an agent?
If EC, send at otice for
a sample,
j; J. I.. >-ICBOLS & CO..
Atlanta, Ga«
Benin? Price 81.00. 015 Austelt RoJldlnK.

HOMES -•■■- -"^--''^*^^ ^^

FIND THEM.

No place in the United .States can a
man do .so well at farming, for th e money
invested, as in Virginia. Lands are
cheap; climate good, and the liest of
markets close at hand. It is the State
of all others, for a comfortable all the
year round home. The James River
Valley Colonization and Improvement
Company offer superior advantages to
land purchasers. For free 36 page land
pamjihlet, address

W. A. PARSONS, Vinita, Va.

CAP .Main .=t. Depot Richmond, Va.

To HOMESEEKERS.

"THE BUSINESS OF FARMING
IN VIRGINIA."

Is the title of a new pamphlet Issued by the
Norfolk and Western Railway Company. We
will gladly mall you a copy.
W. B. BEVILL. PAUL SCHERER. Agt..
G. P. A.. Lands and Immigration,
Roanoke, Va.

V.F. HAVE A LARGE LIST OF

FRUIT, POULTRY and TRUCK FARMS

Ten, Fifty and One Hundred Acres each, with

good buildings, close to steam and trolley

lines, easy access to the city. Also

a/tAIN AND STOCK FAKMS

From 100 to 1,000 acres at low prices all the

way from J5 to $50 per acre. Write for

Catalogue.

THE VIRGINIA LAND AGENCY. Richmond. Va.

J. R. HOCKADAY, Manager.

EMILYS CHARGE.
(A Serial Tale by Mary Washington.)

CHAPTEB I.

"Extraordinary!" exclaimed Mrs.
Brown.
"Preposterous I " said Mrs. Smith.
"Absurd!" chimed in a third lady.
"Quixotic!" exclaimed a fourth.
All these comments were uttered
over the tea table of Mrs. Brown, and
the subject of them was a young girl
in the neighborhood, Emily Hening-
ham. an orphan left in charge of a
young sister and brother. What they
criticized in her was the fact that she
had declined what they termed "high-
ly advantageous offers" to adopt her
brother and sister, declaring her reso-
lution to keep them with her, and, if
possible, rear and support them her-
self. She was a girl of nineteen,
whose mother had recently died, leav-
ing in her charge a sister of twelve
and little brother of ten. Her father
had died soon after the war, leaving
his family much straitened, but Mrs.
Heningham's right of dower had en-
abled her to retain a home for herself
and children during her lifetime. Col.
Heningham had been deeply Involved
in debt. Owing to the fatal credit
system so commonly practiced in Vir-
ginia before the war, he had allowed
liimself to fall into debt almost before
he knew it. He might have extricated
himself without difficulty then, but his
creditors did not press for a settle-
ment nor indeed care for one, as they
were getting a good interest on the
claim, and his property seemed an am-
ple security for its final settlement,
but when the day of reckoning came
after the war, it swept all he had ex-
cept what the creditors allowed Mrs.
Heningham for her contingent right
of dower.

Mrs. Heningham's health had long
been delicate, but after her husband's
death she became increasingly frail,
so that the care of the younger chil-
dren devolved more and more on
Emily, who loved them with the
double love of mother and sister, an
affection which they, on their part, re-
turned warmly. The little girl. Alice,
was very sprightly and strikingly pret-
ty. The boy. N\%lter, was a bright,
impressive child, warm hearted and
generous, but of an easy, impression-
able temperament, that made him pe-
culiarly susceptible to any strong in-
fluences, either good or bad, that were
brought to bear on him. This latter
trait his mother noted in fear and
trembling, and as she found her health
declining, this subject occasioned her
more anxiety than any other. "I wish,
dear Emily," she said, "that you could
keep your brother and sister with you,
especially the former. You under-
stand his disposition and temperament
so well, and would strive as earnestly
as I would to guard against and coun-
teract his weak points. But I do not
see how this can be, and therefore I
will hamper you with no promise, and
scarcely feel regret to hamper you
even by expressing this wish. I ear-

IF YOU WISH TO SELL

VIRGINIA LANDS

Communicate with us. Write for free
"Virginia Real Estate Journal," con-
taining many splendid barpil'is.
R. B. CHAFFIN & CO., Idc ,

No. 1 N lOth St . Richmond, Va

VrRGINIA FARMS

$3 PER ACRE AND UPWARD*.

EASY PAYMENTS. CATALOGUE FREE.

GEO. E. CRAWFORD & CO., Richmond, Va.

Elstabllshed 1875.

'PIEDMONT u"ues-"

Good land, climate, markets, shipping fa-
cilities, churches, schools, good health, mode-
rate prices, easy terms.
HACON & CO., - Orange, Va.

riUC FIDMC lu the great fruit grain and
llIlL rAnmo stock section of VIRGINIA.

tJest climate and water In the U. 8. Near great
markets, with best educational advantages.
For farther information, address

ALBEMARLE IMMIGRATION CO.,
3am'l B. Woods. Pres Charlottesville, Va.

VIRGINIA FARMS

All prices and sizes. Free list on application.
WM.B. PIZZINI CO.. Richmond. Va.

Go South.

For full par-
ticulars write
A, JEFFERS,
Norfolk, Va.

SOUTHWESTBRN VIRGINIA

BLUE GRASS FARMS and MINERAL LANDS.

Send for Free Real Estate Bulletin.
Southwestern Va, Land Agency, Wytheville, Va.

WANTED, By a practical Pennsyl-
vania farmer, to rent or manage a
good Virginia farm. Best reference,
address "FARMER," WilUamsport, Fa.

WANTED

POSITION by Practical Poultry man
to plan and build a duck and poultry
plant for market, for a man having
location and capital. None other need
answer. Salary expected until busi-
ness is established. No. 1. references
given and same required. Address
C. P. G.,
Care Southern Planter.

WANTED— A WHITE FAMILY TO WORK
for waives In the country: woman to cook;
another to work In house and dairy (fuel
and water right at band) and a man or boy
care for driving horses, work In garden.
etc. All at the same home. Address,
WALTER R.^NDOLPH CRABBE.
Hague, Westmoreland Co., Va.

You pay $4 when cured,
No cure, no pav. ALEX. 8PEIRS, Box M4.
Weslbrook, Maine.

1903.]

THE SOUTHEKN PLANTER.

467

FARMS FOR SALE!

Farm No. 2.
Contains 265 acres; 215 under culti-
vation; 50 acres original oak and
hickory. Fronts on the pike running
from Winchester to Alexandria; five
miles from railroad; one-half mile
from proposed electric railroad. Excel-
lent six-room dwelling house, with
broad halls, standing in a large, nicely-
shaded blue-grass lawn; all necessary
outbuildings; land chocolate clay, with
stiff clay subsoil; all level, but rolling
enough to drain well; fine for wheat
and grass; well watered. Owner con-
templates making improvements. But
if sold before, price $25 per acre, on
easy terms.

No. 3.
Contains 430 acres; 350 acres under
cultivation; 80 acres in good original
oak and hickory timber. Situated in
Loudoun county, four miles from rail-
road station; one mile from proposed
electric railroad. Soil in fine state of
cultivation; adapted to grain and grass.
Land level and watered by streams,
and a beautiful, bold spring in the yard.
Good dwelling and outbuildings; two
new stock barns. Greater part of farm
in grass. Price now, $20 per acre.

No. 4.
Contains 100 acres, all under cultiva-
tion, and in good condition. Good
frame dwelling and all necessary out-
buildings in good condition. Situated
on the pike, with market wagons pass-
ing every day, paying Washington city
prices for produce. Splendidly situated
for fruit, poultry, dairy and trucking.
Price now, $2,000, on easy terms.

No. 5.
Contains 163 acres; one-half under
cultivation; balance in second-growth
timber. Good seven-room dwelling and
necessary outbuildings; good orchard
in fine fruit section. Farm lies near
Southern railroad, twenty miles from
Washington; well watered; a splendid
dairy farm. Price, $2,000.

No. 11.

Contains 315 acres in high state of
improvement. Large frame dwelling,
10 rooms. 2 large cattle barns, and all
necessary farm buildings in good re-
pair. Land watered by spring branches.
Situated in aristocratic neighborhood.
Convenient to depot and to Washington
market. Price, $50 per acre.

The above-described farms are situ-
ated in a neighborhood of refined citi-
zens, with good labor plentiful, and
will not be on the market long before
being sold. For further information
and a more detailed description of any
one of them, write to

W. E. MILLER,
Herndon, Va.

nestly hope, however, that our
Heavenly Father may open a way for
you to do so."

A few weeks after the conversation
recorded above, Mrs. Heningham pass-
ed away, heaven borne for dying seems
scarcely the right term to apply to the
passing away of so pure and gentle a
soul. The neighbors thought Emily
not only peculiar, but somewhat insen-
sible, because she did not give way to
stormy grief or gloomy despair; but
amid her grief and loneliness she was
sustained by a keen realization of the
truth that her mother had passed into
"the land of the living," the truly liv-
ing, returning into the flower of an
exquisite and eternal youth, reunited
to the lover and husband of her youth,
and enjoying every truly human facul-
ty, only exalted to a far higher degree
of perfection than is possible in the
life of the body.

But although Emily did not give up
to clamorous grief nor persistent de-
pression, yet all her life long she
cherished as something Inexpressibly
dear and sacred, the memory of her
mother, whose influence always linger-
ed about her, helping to shape and
ennoble her whole subsequent life.

After the first few days of bereave-
ment had passed away, Emily began to
revolve in her mind what arrange-
ments she should make for the future.
Fortunately, she was naturally of a
decided and self-reliant disposition,
and these traits had been strengthened
by the experiences through which she
had passed since her father's death.
They could no longer live at their old
home, which, for several years past,
they had held only by the frail tenure
of their mother's life estate, and now
with the exception of a small piece of
property that had belonged to her,
they had nothing. Their old home
was a noble one, situated in the Pied-
mont Valley on James river. It bore
the name of "Soldier's Joy," whii-h
Emily's great grandfather had bestow-
ed on it, in the joy of his heart when
he returned from the Revolutionary
war, to sit down under his own vine
and fig tree with his family.

Situated on a gentle hill, the house
commanded a landscape of peaceful
beauty, James river flowing between
its willow fringed banks, wide bot-
tom lands on either side, covered with
tobacco, or waving grass or long
serried ranks of corn, the canal follow-
ing the line of the river, bordered by
locusts and other trees, which in sum-
mer were profusely festooned with
garlands of white dermats and scarlet
trumpet flower, whilst "Bome blue
peak? in the distance rose to give a
finishing beauty to the scene."

The yard at "Soldier's Joy" was en-
compassed by a belt of beautiful, cone-
like cedars, whose boughs were musi-
cal with the songs of birds. The gar-
den was bisected by a central walk
dividing the flower a^d vegetable de-
partments, like the line between
poetry and prose. The walk was bor-
dered with box, a shrub dear to our

MORPHINE

OPIUM AND WHISKEY HABITS CURED AT
YOUR HOME,

WHAT THOSE SAY WHO ARE CURED.

Evidence Voluntary and From Such Men as Dr.
Tunstall and Others Admits of No Doubt.

THE NELSON COUNTY MEDICAL & SURGICAL
SOCIETY— DR. W. M. TUNSTALL. PRES'T.

LOVINGSTON, VA., Dec. 12. 1902.
Dr. B. M. WOOLLBY, Atlanta, Ga. :

Dear Doctor. — As I am alone in my office
to-night, and supposing that you are not un-
like otlier M. D.'s in appreciating good re-
ports from their patients. I shall do what I
have often and for quite a while intended,
drop you a few lines.

You have a great number of cases, but I
shall feel it deeply if you do not recall my
sad case. I am glad to say that I firmly be-
lieve that I am entirely and permanently
cured of the Drink Habit, as I have never
even so much as wanted a drink In any form
since I took your eradicator, now eighteen
months ago. It was the best Ten Dollars I
ever Invested. Unfortunately people are
skeptical, and especially so as regards
whiskey cures, as I freely admit I was. But
not so now (as regards your remedy), and my
chief regret Is that I had not used it before
I did and that I cannot personally tell every
one addicted to the use of Inteodeuitfl BV
experience.

This endorsement of your remedy, as you
are doubtless aware, is positively prohibited by
the "American Code of Medical Ethics." of
which I am a strict adherent, but my excuse
is plain, for I would feel that I was not a
"manly man" could I not speak my honest
convictions not for your advantage, but all
mankind.

T am glad to say the above Is entirely
voluntary on my part, &s I have not, as you
know, heard from you for fully twelve
months. With ray best wishes I am sincerely
and gratefyllv yours,

W. M. TUNSTALL, M. D.

Address for book and full particulars. Dr.
B. M. WOOLLEY. 200 Lowndes Building. At-
lanta. Ga.

The RICHMOND, FREDERICKSBURG

and POTOMAC R. R.
and WASHINGTON SOUTHERN R'Y

Form the Link connecting the

Atlantic Coast Line R. R.,
Baltimore and Ohio R. R.,
Chesapeake and Ohio R'y.
Pennsylvania R. R.,
J^eaboard Air Line R'y
and Southern R'y.

Between all points, via Richmond, Va.

Fast Mall, Passenger and Express Route be-
tween Richmond. Fredericksburg, AlexRU-
rtria, 'Washington. Baltimore, Philadelphia,
New York, Boston. Pittsburg, Buffalo and All
Points North, East and West.

W. P. TAYLOR. Traffic Manager. Richmond. Va.

Mention the Southern Planter In
writing.

468

THE SOUTHERN PLANTER.

[Julj

ELMWOOD NURSERIES.

ASPARAGUS

100,000 2-yr. old Asparagus roots,
5 varieties. A special rate of $3.50
per 1000 for 2 mos. for BARK'S,
PALMETTO, CONOVER.

APPLES

A large general assortment, in-
cluding WINESAPS and YORK
IMPERIALS.

Splendid Assortment

of Ornamental, Shade

and Fruit Trees.

im

from B. P. Rocks, Light
Brahmas, Brown Leg-
horns at $1.00 per 13.

WRITE FOR OUR CATALOGUE.

J.B.milllUBBO..itt[0.tO.

Why Not Pet the Best?

Pierce's Celery Compound
(or'iConstlpation, Dyspepsia, Malaria and
Chills and Fevers, and a general tonic tablet.

Bend fur free sample, its costs you nothing to
try the best family medicine on earth.
AGENTS WANTED.

NATURE'S REMEDY CO.,

WASHINQTON. D. C.

PILES

Cured Permanently

By LDMOLO TABLETS.

A i)le:isaiU home remedy that is guar-
anteed to cure. One of the purest and
be.st medical preparations ever com-
pounded. Let us prove our .statements
All corres])ondence stricilv cunfidential
Write U.S. Dr. M. L. GATES, Pres. Lomolo
Remedy Co., 288 Stewart BIdg., New York City.

GREENSBORO. N.C.

for the treatment of THE LIQUOR, OPIUM, MOflPHINE «n(f
nther Drug Addictions. The Tobbacco Habit, Nerve Exhaustion

AGENTS.— Wc can i.iit y„u next to the
best sellers out' sell cvcrywhe eon sight; failure
Impossible; our jiroposltfon surprises everybody;
work up steady trade and Income.

Sample circulars free.

DULL SUPPLY CO.,

126 Wallace St., FORT WAYNE, IND-

ancestors' hearts. The flower beds
were planted in lilies of the valley,
hyacinths, white violets, tulips, pinks
and peonies. The roses consisted of
the Greville, the damask, the velvet,
the tiny little ratiltiflora, the moss
rose, the seven sisters with their vary-
ing tints, all hliishing on one stem.
Then there were lilacs, both white and
purple, the fragrant yellow .iessamlne
and delicate, white star jessamine,
noblest of all flowers. Altogether, It
was a charming old garden.

We have seen above that the or-
phans had one little piece of property
inherited from' |thelr mother. This
was a cottage within a mile or two of
a popular watering place in the moun-
tains of Virginia, with twenty or
thirty acres of land attached to It.
The way it came into Mrs. Hening-
ham's possession was as follows: She
had an old aunt, Miss Melissa Allison,
who had great faith in the efficacy of
the waters at the above mentioned re-
sort, but who could not stand the noise
and bustle of a crowded watering
place, and who therefore bought a
little tract of land a few miles from
the springs and built herself on it a
cottage, to which she resorted each
summer in her own carriage, attended
by her own cook and maid, and ac-
companied by one or two nieces or
cousins. When the old lady died she
bequeathed the cottage and tract of
land attached to it to her niece. Mrs.
Heningham, and now this little piece
of property was the only resource
Emily had, except her capacity to
teach.

(To be Continued.)

ASTOUND £JU.

During a visit to the South with an
eclipse expedition some years ago an
eminent American professor met an
old negro servant whose duty it was
to look after the chickens of the es-
tahlishmeut where he was staying. The
day before the eclipse took place the
professnv '" — ■ irile moment called
the old man to him and said: "Sam,
if to-morrow morning at 11 o'clock
you watch your chickens you will And
they will all go to roost."

Sam was skentifnl. of course, but
when at the appointed time next day
tiio ;-■••> ir, flip heavens was darkened
and the chickens retired to roost, the
negro's astonishment knew no bounds.
He approached the professor in awed
wonder. "Massa," he asked, "how
long ago did you know dat dem
chici-^" '■■ go to roost?"

"Oh, a long time," said the profes-
sor, airily,

"Did you know a yeah ago, massa."

"Yes."

"IJen dat boats de ^lehil!" exclaimed
the astonished old man. "Ucm chick-
ens wuzn't hatched a yeah ago!" —
The American Inventor.

What should you do if you split
your sides with laughter? Run 'till I
got a stitch In them.

^ Little!!Ghicks

^thrive when fed on our'2
ES^BABY CHICK FOOD.
C A perfect balanced food. Send for free
sample and our large illustrated' catalog
of POULTRY SUPPLIES. ZZZHUS^
Z::^-;:;8C INCUBATORS andl

f-^ 3 I BROODERS.
FANCIERS' SUPPLY CO.,
c:il517-519 West Broad St., i

Ff Richpnond, Va.
EVERYTHINQ 'POR THE. 'FANCIER.

White Plymouth Rock

Eggs (luring .June and July, 13 for
75c.: 30 for $1.50. No White Hol-
land Turkey eggs for sale after
.June 10th.

JOH^ A CLARK,

Shirley, Va-

SPECIAL SALE

Pen, very fine Barred Plymouth Rock chick-
ens, as follows:

8 % full stock 1 year old hens, my own raising;
1 thorough-bred hen from S. B. Johnson yards; 1
thorough-bred cockerel, my own raising. These
are very fine birds, Vjeautifully marked. They
are well worth $15 00. but to sell quickly will
takeS12.0«. This Is a rare opporHinity.

PIEDMONT POULTRY PLACE,
Miss E, Gallie Giles, Prop. Whittle's Depot, Va.

32 Varieties
Best Poultry

in either old or young Btockr

JNO. E. HEATWOLE. Harrisonburg. Va.

Reduced price
on eggs bill, of
season. Getmy
fine catalog, li
free for stamp.
Many breeding
birds to offer, I
can please yon

BROWN LEGHORNS.

Young stock for sale in

Fall. Prices reasonable.

White Plymouth Rocks.
R. W. HAW,Jr., - - Centralia, Va.

PIT games:

Black Devils and Red Horses.

These cocks won <)0 per cent of batlles fought
in lilOl and 11)02 and have never lost a battle
when gamenessand ctitting rpjalities could win.
Choice lot of younc and old stock for sale.

THOS. W. JARMAN, Yancey Mills, Va.

I

l'ure-l)r('d, yoiirif;.

Barred Plymouth Rock

liens and roosters, for sale: 75 ct-. each.
Miss S. M. HITER, Ellisville, Louisa Co., Va.

pn ATP "fs^ handsome, hardy and
UUA I O protUable For large clr-
>s E. W. COLE & CO., Big Clitty, Ky.

1903.]

THE SOUTHEKN PLANTEK.

469

WANTED!

ALL KINDS OF

LIVE WILD BIRDS AND ANIMALS

Particularly Deer, Wild Turkeys, White

Squirrels, Ducks, Swans, Etc.

CECIL FRENCH,

718 Tweltth St. N. W.. Washington, D. C.

BARRED and BUFF

PLYMOUTH = ROCKS

AT HALF PRICE.

FRED NUSSEY SUMMIT, Spots. Co.. Va.

HAWKSLEY STOCK FARM.

Large ENGLISH 6ERKSHIRES
B. P. ROCKS FOWLS,

Eggs from same, $1 per 13.
J. T. OLIVER, Allen's Level, Va.

FOR SaLiE.

Large English Berkshire Hogs,
Barred Plymou'h Rocl( Chickens

BEN. BOLT, 60747. 430 lbs. as a yearling at
head of herd. *rEGGS IN SEASON.
JOHN P. FOSTER, Nocreek, Ohio Co., Ky.

CHOICE YOUNG

BERKSHIRES

of Both Sexes, for Sale.

By Hlghclere Topper of Blltmore II, out of
Imported Harlene.

Miniborya Parni, Box 901, Richmond, Va.

ESSEX PIGS-FOR SALE.

Some fine Pigs, from
Registered Stoc; , noi
imated, at SIO.OO per pair,
crated F. O. B. 8 to 10
weeks old. Your orders
solicited. ,1^ -'**'

L. G. JONES, Bethania, N. C,

Registered ^enfilirre:

C. Whites. Fine large
strains. All ages, mated
not a in. s week, pigs.

Bred sows. Service boars

and Poultry. Write for prices and free circular.
P. F. HAMILTON, Cochranville, Chester Co.. Pa.

Don't Like Cheap Stuff No How

Even the best Is never too good. You'd
better buv of Owens. Finest Stock. Prices
right. DUROC JERSEY, best all purpose
hog; also POLAND CHINA. B. P. R. Chick-
ens. II. B. Turkeys, M. P. Ducks. Eggs In
season. Write, or better still, call and see.
THE CEDARS Wn. G. 0WEN5,

P. and S. FARn. Midlothian, Va.

WANTED— Pair Pure Bred PERCHERON
and CLYDESDALE Brood Mares; DUROC
Boar and Sows; one SHROPSHIRE, SOUTH-
DOW.'>J and LINCOLN Ram and five Ewes.
Address STOCK, care Southern Planter, with
prices and particulars.

SOME AMUSING LETTERS.

Platte City, Mo., Jan. 25, 1903.
Gentlemen, — The wheels I got of
you carried an old Spanish cannon
itrom Tracey to Platte City over a turn-
pike road with rocks sticking above
the surface four inches. The cannon
weighed 14,000 pounds, and people ex-
pected to see the wheels break down,
but they didn't. I broke two axles
and pulled the tongue out once, but
the wheels did not break, and if in
1,000 years from now any one visits
Platte City the old cannon will still
be standing and people will tell about
the little sprindling wheels that car-
ried it there. Yours truly,

J. C. H.

Evansville, Ind., April 21, 1903.
Gentlemen, — Some time ago I
bought a set of metal wheels of you,
and like them very much. I have
trouble keeping my wagon at home, as
my neighbors have bothered the life
out of me ever since I got it. I would
not do without it, and never use my
high wagon at all, except when my
neighbors have my little wagon. As
ever, I remain. Yours respectfully,
C. H.

Dover, N. H., April 6, 1902.

Dear Sirs, — Prom your catalogue I
believe you sent me stronger wheels
than I ordered. You must have
thought I was looking for a bargain,
and I certainly got one, as they are as
good to-day as when they left the shop
and run one-third easier on smooth,
hard road, and two-thirds easier on a
soft or sandy road. We would have
better roads with less expense, could
draw the same load easier, have fewer
balky horses, and our chances of
reaching heaven would be increased
25 per cent, if we all used wide tired
metal wheels.

Thanking you for the new catalogue
and booklet, I am.

Very truly yours,

C. E. H.

The original of these letters can be
seen at the office of the Electric
Wheel Co.. Quincy, 111., to whose

wheels and wagons they refer. Send
for their free catalogue and know
more about their wheels and wagons.

A BUSTED BRONCO.

To the Gazette:

Bronco busting on the range is al-
ways an interesting topic to the boys
who are raised upon the farms of the
great Central West, and who often
mount unbroken colts for the first
time while they are running in the
pasture, frequently without having
saddle or bridle on them. After wit-

Warranted

to give satisfaction.

GOMBALLT'S

CAISTIC BALSAM

A safe, speedy and
positive cure for

Curb , Splint , Sweeny , Capped Hock ,
Strained Tendons, Founder, Wind Puffs,
and all lameness from Spavin, Ringbone
and other bony tumors. Cures all skin
diseases or Parasites, Thrush, Diphtheria.
Removes all Bunches from Horses or
Cattle.

A9 a I

matlani, _^

is invaluable.
Every bottle

Warranted to ^^,^ ™.. ^- — -w ^. —

per bottle. Sold by druggists, or sent by «
press, charges paid, with full directions for its
use. Send for descriptive circulars, testimo-
nials, etc. Address
THE LiWREKCB-WILLIiMS COMPANY, CleT eland, Ohio.

DEATH TO HEAVES

NEWTON'S Hmtc, Congb, IHt»
temper and Indigestion Cure,

rinar; specific for wiad^

Shropshire Rams.

In this ray annual offering of Rams, I feel
safe in saying that it contains one of the best
lot of yearling Rams that has been offered at
the price in the United States for a long time.
These Rams are 14 months old, and weigh
(May 15th) 150 to 163 pounds, actual weight.
They have individual merit backed by strong
breeding. Careful selection will be made for
parties at a distance.

ENGLISH SETTER PUPS.

(Count Rodo, ex-Gladys R., both prize win-
ners.)

WARREN RICE, Winchester, Va.

^V^OODLAKD DORS£T8.

ONE of our customers writes: "My sales of
grade Dorset winter lambs run this year:
first S7 head brought $S70; then prices de-
clined somewhat. I am looking for another
good Dorset ram." Woodland Dorsets are
standard in excellence.
J. E. WING & BROS.. Mechnnirsburg. Ohio.

150 JACKS, JENNETS

'^ and Mules 150

^^^^^^^^^^ I^est dj^sortment 1 ever owned.

^B^^^^^n for description and prices.
■ WAlsort ill sell two Percheron

^^■■^^^^Jl Stallion? at close tlsfures.
BAKER'S JACK FARM, Lawrence. Ind.

Mention the Southern Planter iu
writing.

470

THE SOUTHEKX PLANTER.

[July

RERKSHIREf^

ANNEFIELD HERD

Represents the

Finest Blood Lines

in England or America.

Stock for sale at all times.

Correspondence Sollctled.

Inspection Invited.

EDW. G. BUTLER. Annefield Farms,

Briggs, Clarke Co.. Va.

Poland=China and

7 am worth Pigs for Sale —

eligible to registration; also

Hampshire Down Sheep

and grade Hereford cattle, yi or %

bred. Calve.s, yearlings and 2 yx. old.

J. C. GRAVES. Barboursvllle. Orange Co., Va,

liKociK Stock Fabji

SKropshire SKeep.

Very fine yearling bucks, sired by best
English bucks, from pure-bred native
ewes. Fine ewe lambs for sale.
C. A. SAUNDERS, Culpeper, Va.

SHORTHORN ?i'.^'■o'=„ro^,1

FOR SALE.

Close descendants of the World's Fair greatest
winners In 1893, and also up to the present time.
Bi-EciiL offer:— A l-year old Roan Bull Calf ai
Ti" If taken soon.

Poland-China Pigs of the best and most fash-
ionable breeding. Spring Pigs now ready.

WM, T. THRASHER, Springwood, Va.

2 Nice Red

SHORTHORN BULL CALVES

for sale, ages 2 inos. and ti wk.s.

Sire, Keg and Scotch topped ; Dams
high grade shorthorns, dairy strain.

Prices cheap, quality considered.
REPASS BROS., Maplewood Farm, Wylheville, Va

•^"2. SHORTHORN^*

BULL CALVES FOR SALE.

Calved May 1st and 8th
Gran<l parents Kegistereil.

THOS, B. DAVIS, Stanardsville, Greene Co., Va,

Aryshires, Berkshires and Oxford-Downs.

Ayrshire Calves of both sexes, Berkshire
rigs and Boar and 1 Oxford- Dovrn Rams for
sale. MELROSE CASTLE FARM.

Enos H. Hess, Manager, Casanova, Va.

nessing a genuine bronco busting I
can truthfully say that although
"busted" may be rather an inelegant
phrase it much more, comprehensively
and correctly expresses the condition
of the bronco, or horse, after he has
survived the course of treatment com-
monly known as "busting," than does
"trained" or "broken." To give the
impression that it is the only method
employed, that there are no carefully-
trained horses, would be a great in-
justice to the very many excellent
horsemen of the West who love their
horses and whose horses love them.

One bright Sabbath morning last
summer I saw a group of horsemen ap-
proaching at a gallop — half a dozen
wild, happy, young fellows from 18
lo 20 years of age, who, in response
to a greeting and a query, shouted
back: "We're going to have some fun:
we're going to bust a bronco." Having
nothing else to do just then (there
was no church within twenty miles)
I decided to watch the sport. The vic-
tim selected was an under-sized 3-year-
old, tough and wiry, and the blood of
the cayuse ran strong within his veins.
A few minutes' hard riding separated
him from the band. Then how hard
he tried to regain it. dodging, turning,
running until the sweat streamea from
every pore, of his body and his breath
came quick and hard! Suddenly a
lasso whirled through the air, the loop
encircled the bronco's neck, the throw-
er drew in his horse, but the bronco
did not know what was coming. When
the rope tightened with a jerk the
bronco was thrown sprawling on the
ground. Quickly he jumped to his
feet and stood tugging at the rope that
tightened around his neck, shutting
off his wind until another rope was
thrown around his fore legs and he
was again thrown upon the ground.
Next a heavy cowboy saddle was put
upon his back. Poor bronco groaned
as a pair of muscular arms drew the
cinch up tight around his body. After
vainly striving to throw the saddle
from his back and to crawl through
the girth the bronco stopped to rest a
moment.

One of the boys was a newcomer, a
lank, ungainly youth of 18. It now
became apparent that the sport was
to be something of a boy-busting as
well as bronco-busting. After much
persuasion, taunts and the exaction of
a solemn promise from the other boys
to keep hold of the rope so bronco
oow\(\ not run away, he consented to
mount. He settled himself nicely in
the saddle, the bronco being too sur-
priseii to move, when Jim quickly ran
behind bronco, catching him across
the thishs with an unward jerk of the
rope. The bronco jumped stranght uj)
in the air: he went so high he had time
to arch his Imck like a rainbow, tuck
his tail between his hocks, his nose
between his knees and set every
muscle in his legs firm and rigid be-
fore coming back to earth again. When
his hoofs struck the ground a look of
mingled pain and terror came over the

Kentucky
HEREF0RD5

Headed by the famous

ACROBAT

No. G8460 and the celebrated

inPORTED BRITISHER

No. 145096 Champion Bull over all breeds In
England and Grand Sweepstakes Champion
at Chicago 1902 Live Stock Exposition.

We can furnish buyers with anytblng tbey
wish from the FANCIEST THAT CAN BB
BRED to the cheaper class usually desired by
the beginner. Write us before buying. Glad
to answer inquiries.

Qiltner Bros., Eminence, Ky.

Hereford Cattle.

A number of voung Registered

HEREFOED Bulls and Heifers,

not akin, at reasonable prices.

STONEHURST FRUIT AND STOCK FARM,

Union Mills, Fluvanna Co,, Va

FOR SALE
8 Reg. HEREFORD BULLS

From 6 mos. to 3 yrs. old.

8 Reg. HEIFERS

From 6 to 18 mos.old. At reasonable price*.
HAYFIELDS STOCK FARM. Cockeysville, Md.

DORSETS and HEREFORDS.

I am now ofiFering my superior herd bull
ROY MAY, 86183; and someone male calves. I
am also booking orders for Dorset rams and

ram lambs.

H. ARMSTRONG, LAMTZ MILLS, V«.

ELLERSLIE FARM 3^
Thoronglibred Horses

AND SHORTHORN CAHLE,

Pure Sovtbdown Sheep
and Berksbire Pigs.

Fob Sale. E. J. HANCOCK & SON,
Chaelottksvillk, Va.

COOK'SCREEK HERD

Scotch-Topped
Shorthorns^*.

Herd Headed bv Governor Tyler, 1585 48.
Young Bulls for sale. Inspection and corres-
pondence invited.
HEATWOLE & SUTER, Dale Enterprise, Va.

REGISTERED JERSEY BULLS "« "LE
AT A BARGAIN.

Calves 1 and 2 yr. olds; also
EGGS FOR HATCHING, W. & B. P. Rocks,
W. & B. Leghorns, and S. L. Wyan-
dottes, 75 cents for 15.

J. B. .JOHNSON, Manassas, Va.
"Clover Hill Farm."

1903.]

THE SOUTHERN PLANTER.

471

ANGUS CATTLE FOR SALE

AT A BARGAIN.

High-Grade and Registered Angus
Cattle: all ages of males and females.
Get our prices before you purchase.
We can save you money.

One Very Fine Dark-Gray Horse, 16
hands, weighs 1,125. He is very
stylish, quick and active. A splendid
driver, well broken in single and
double harness and a fast mover. He
is cheap at our price, $200.00.

W. M. WATKINS & SONS,

Randolph, Va.

Charlotte county.

r ABERDEEN-ANGUS BULLS FOR SALE.

1. My Herd Bull. ROCKBRIDGE ABAC-
TOR, No. lose"!, 3 yrs. old Dec. 2d last; $400.

2. A Bull Calf, bora Dec. 20tli; sired by ♦he
above "Abactor"; dam, "Pride of Potomac";
No. 42607; $100.

3. A Bull Calf, born Dec. 12th; sired by
the above "Abactor"; dam, a thoroughbred
Angus Cow bred by the late William A. Ruft.
Pure breeding can be shown for this calf,
tut being out of an unrecorded dam he can-
not be registered; $50.

None of these will be sold until October,
and should the calves at that tife not prove
to bo good specimens of the breed they will
be withdrawn from sale.

B. F. DAT, Glasgow, Va.

MONTEBELLO HERD OF

Aberdeen-Angus Cattle.

3 Reg. Bull Calves for sale. Ages, 10, 6 and 5
months;

1 Thoroughbred (not entitled to registration),
male, 2 months old.

BERKSHIRE PIGS of Biltmore Strain.

L. H. GRAY, LOCK BOX SB. ORANGE, V*.

FOR SALE,

My ABERDEEN. ANGUS Herd Bull,

Hero of Bunker Hill, No. 31,462.
He is an extra good breeder,

J, TABB JANNEY, Van Cievesville, W, Va,

"Pine Pakk Stock Farm."

Aberdeen Angus

Cattle for sale.
J, H, ELLIS, Thornhill, Orange Co., Va.

Shadow Brook Poultry Farm.

Extra tine pedigreed Scotch Collie Pups Si.OO
each. A trained vearling female 510.00. Thor-
oughbred B. P. Ro'ck eggs 51.00 per 30. Yearling
hens »1.00 each. Pekin ducljs Sl.OO each. M. B.
turkeys, one year old, S;i.00 pair.

C. H. BENNETT,

Goodman, Va.

countenance of his rider, who bounded
from the saddle and a moment later
stood at a safe distance pale and trem-
bling, looking with surprise and fear
at the bronco, by no means enjoying
the shouts of laughter from his com-
panions.

A more experienced rider next
mounted; if the bronco bucked the
quirt lashed his sides; if he tried to
run the heavy curb bit brought him
to his haunches; if he stood still he
cruel spur was dug Into his flank.
Thus one by one the boy.'? tried their
skill at the busting until the bronco
was completely exhausted and looked
as though he wanted to die. As a last
resort an old, battered tin pail was
tied to his tail. He spent a few mo-
ments in a fruitless endeavor to kick
it off and then collapsed entirely.
Nothing could make him budge an
inch or lift a foot. He was pronounced
"too tame" by the boys, who pulled off
the bridle, mounted their horses and
disappeared in a cloud of dust. Two
days later I saw the bronco sneak out
of a clump of scrub pine and grease-
wood. There was a look of sadness in
his eye. His ears drooped and his tail
hung limp as with suspicious glances
and halting steps he dragged his stiff-
ened legs across the range to join the
band — a busted bronco.

Breeders' Gazette. Hayseed, Jr.

WAS HE THE LAST?
President Tucker, of Dartmouth Col-
lege, is made the victim of one of the
best jokes of the season by a story told
by one of his closest friends, now in
the city. A couple of summers ago
the college president spent a part of
the heated season on a farm up in the
northern part of Vermont. It was a
delightful place, but the classical visi-
tor found that even that haven of rest
had some drawbacks. As the follow-
ing summer approached Dr. Tucker
again bethought himself of the quiet
farm as a place of summer refuge, and
wrote to the farmer: Your place is a
well-spring of delight; it is pictures-
que,, comfortable, home-like. The
house is well kept, the table worthy
of the highest commendation, and, In
short, everything save two features
is conducive to utmost satisfaction.
These exceptions are the kitchen me-
thods of your hired girl; and second,
the fact that the pen in which you
maintain your swine is located in too
close prcximity to the house. If these
exceptions were eliminated it would
he a source of the most profound plea-
sure for me to again join you this
coming summer."

The farmer received the note, and
anxious to again have the distin-
guished boarder with him, wrote:

"Dear Mr. Tucker, — Yours rec'd, and
I hasten to reply. We will be glad to
have you with us. Hannah has went.
and there have not been any Hogs on
the place since you left last sum-
mer."— yew York Tribune.

V.P.I.

Farm Bulletin

Our Jersey Herd Bull for sale— PEDRO'S
VIRGINIUS, 45919, grandson of Pedro, 3187,
and of Marjoram Second, 12805, both of
World's Fair fame. The Bull offered baa
been used in our herd for several years, and
lb sold to prevent In-breeding. Price low,
quality considered.

D. 0. NOURSE, Prof, of Agr.
Blacksburg, Va.

Red Polled Cattle

FOR SALE.

ALL PfTRE BRED & REGISTEEEB.
1 Bull, 3 years old. Large and well

formed. Price, $125.00.
1 Cow, 4 years old. In calf by above

bull. Price, $125.00.
1 Heifer, 2 years old. In calf by above

bull. Price, $15.00.
1 Bull calf sired by above bull, four

months old. Price, $50.00.
The above cattle are all in fine,
healthy condition, and are sure breed-
ers.
H. K. FOSTER, Blacksburg, Va.

Swift Creek Stock and Dairy Farm

Has for sale a large num-
ber of nice young regii-
tered A. J. C. C.

*Sk

JERSEY BULLS
AND HEIFERS.

None better bred in the South. Combining
closely the most noted and up-to-date blood
in America. Bulls 10 to 12 months old, J25:
Heifers, same age, $35. POLAND CHINA
PIGS, $5 each. Send check and get what
jou want.

T. P. BRASWELL, Prop." Battleboro, N. C.

ST. OMER HERD

Offers young bulls fit for service, out of
tested dams with good yearly records. Strong
In Exile of St. L., King of St. L. and Stoke
Pogis of Prospect. Reasonable prices.

JOS. T. HOOPBS, Bynum, Md.

FOR SALE.

■2 JERSEY COWS ; 1 SHARPLES SEPARATOR
10 cans and jackets for same, 1 ICE BOX.

Am changing my business, so will sell th»
above at very reasonable price, address

C. n. BASS, Rice Depot. Va.

COLLIE PUPS

By Imported Sires. Sable and white and tri -
colors. Prices. $Stofl.5. Older ones correspond-
ingly low- Book on Training. .■» cents : Free if
you buy a Collie. MAPLEMONT STOCK FARM,
Albany, Vermont.

ANGORA GOATS.

57 head pure, grade aad common goats
for sale.

C. H. NOLTINQ,
P, 0. Box 322, - RICHMOND, VA.

472

THE SOUTHEKX PLANTEIt.

Julv

GETTING A CONSTANT WATER
SUPPLY.

Of the many iilans in use for thi
raising of water there is nothing that
takes precedence of the power of tho
natural stream, when proper machin
ery Is installed to apply It. And ji:s
here it is proper to remark that ou '
advertising columns are showing in I
the Rife Hydraulic Engine, a machin
most excellently adapted to this pur I
pose. Its varying sizes meet the ro I
quirements of a large or limited ser
vice, and the power required Is so '
small in proportion to the duty it pei|
forms that there are but few country
places with running streams where it
will not give most satisfactory service.
An idea of the machine may be gather-
ed from the cut shown here. It is
not only effective, but simple in the
extreme and very durable. A beauty
about all such powers, and particu-
larly the Rife Engine, is that when
once installed there is practically no
expense for many years to come In
the running. Many Rife Engines have
been in constant operation for up-
wards of ten years without a dollars'

worth of repairs. In the vicinity of
New York, where they are best known,
they are a familiar sight, seeming to
have been adopted with one accord as
the improved plan of raising water
for all purposes at the country seats.
About a dozen years ago. one of these
engines was installert on the famous
Biltmore estate at Asheville. N. C. and
it proved so effectual that to-day there
are now fourteen Rifes employed, fur-
nishing water for all the various pur-
poses fnr which they have use. Very
recently an irrigating plant has been
established in the Hawaiian Islands,
near Honolulu, with a Rite Engine for
its base, and furnishing .S.oon gallons
per minute. These are but sugges-
tions of its popularity and scope of
duty. To the small country user it
suggostp easy possibilities in the way
of an economical and constant fresh
water supply. Whoever is wrestling
with a water problem should write to
the Rife Engine Co.. 126 Liberty
street. New York, for their catalogue,
and get further information.

What is the difference between a

clock and a i>artnership? When a

clock is wound up it goes; when a
firm is wound up it stops.

ARMOUR'S BLOOD MEAL

Curat Seours
in Calves.

First proved by tho Kansas Agricnltural Experiment Station, and sinco

corroborated by thousands of leading stockmen who have nsed it without

a single failure. Equally effective for the diarrhea of all animals.

PREVENTS wealc bones, paralysis of the hind legs and "thumps"

in pigs; "big head" of foals; "riclcets" of all yoimg animals;

abortion due to incomplete nutrition, and a host of other troubles.

A Potent Food for Work Horses, Dairy Cows, Poultry.

Write us for booklet giving valuable information about Blood Meal and our
other feeding products. Consult us free of charge regarding stock diseases.

THE ARMOUR FERTILIZER WORKS,
Chicago. Omaha. Baltimore. Atlanta. Jaoksonvllle.

ELLERSLIE."

Ked Bulls from 3 to 6 mos. old, all by
Fairfax (very handsome red bull) by
Knight of The Clifton; out of registered
cows which have been selected for milk-
ing as well as beef purposes.
1 and 2 yr old rams by Warwick, im-
ported from the Sandringham flock of
KING EDWARD Vll, out of ewes from
the celebrated DRUID HILL PARK
(Baltimore flock ) These are unregister-
ed but are first class in every respect.

REMEMBER. — We do not ask fancy, but farmers' prices.

Ova stock is not in show ring but working condition.

R. J. Hancock & Son, Chariottesviiie, Va.

SHORTHORNS
SOUTHDOWNS

HILL TOP STOCK FARM.

Berkshire Hogs and South-
Down Sheep

A SPECHLTY.

S. Brown Allen, who succeeds H. A. S.
Hamilton & Co in the ownership and man-
agement of this celebrated Stock Farm, olit
been bred without regard to cost, and

SOUTHDOWN BUCKS,

that cannot be excelled in thi.s country. We have swept premiums on this stock
over all competitors at Fairs in this aiid adjoining States

S. BROWN ALLEN, Staunton, Virginia, (Successor to H. A. S Hamilton & Co.)

;i few Berkshire ?igs that have
nd two vear old

BERKSHIRES.

Imported Sir Jolin Bull, No. 3609— B. H. B.
Imported Dansfield Roland, No. 6052g-B. H. B.
Imported Columbia, No. 60527-B. H. B.
Imported Royal Carlisle, No. 4841-B. H. B.
And tliat luiuienscly Princely Hog
Uncle Sam, No. 7233 *''•' 'h^ .sires of my Spring and Summer oflerings of
pigs. Does this list of Koyalty suit your fancy? They represent the most famous
Berkshire breeders of England. Fancy stock, moderate price

Hunting Dogs ^mfl P"ps for sale. Setter pups, §.5.00 each.
Short Horn (IHirbain C:ittle) foi suit-. Write for jiarticuhirs.

THOS. S. WHITE, Fassifern Stock Farm, Lexington, Va.

When corresponding with our advertisers always mention the
Bouthem Planter.

1903.]

THE SOUTHERN PLANTER.

473

HOW THE DEBT WAS PAID.

This anecdote was told by the late
2ebulon B. Vance, at one time Gov-
■ernor of North Carolina, and after-
wards United States Senator.

He was seated in his office one day
when an old negro, one of his "char-
ity" clients, came in. Taliing off his
liat, the old man scraped his feet, and,
bowing very obsequiously, said:

"Good mornin'. Marse Zeb; how is
you an' de Mistis dis mornin'?"

•'Quite well, thank you, Romulus.
How are you this morning?"

"So's to be about, thank de Lord,
liut I still got a little misery."

"Well, Romulus, you are always
complaining, but what can I do for
you this morning?'

"Dat's jest what I come to see you
^about, sah. You know dat triflin, nig-
ger Jim Simpson, dean you?"

"Oh, yes; certainly I know Jim, but
what's he done to you?"

"Dat's jest hit, Marse Zeb; dat's jest
hit; he ain't done nothin", dat's de
trouble; dat nigger been owin' me ten
■dollars for nigh onto five or six years,
an' he ain't never pay me nair cent,
not nair cent, sah."

"Well, have you ever asked him for
it, Romulus?"

"Ax him for it? Cose Ise axed him
for it. and dat's how I come to come
to you."

"Well, when was the last time you
asked him for it?"

"Yistiddy, sah; jest as de sun was
goin' down."

"Well, you say he didn't pay you?"

"No, sah; 'deed he didn't, an' dat's
jest 'zactly how come I come to see
you."

"Well, as he didn't pay you, what
did he say; what excuse did he give?"

"Marse Zeb, dat no 'count triflin'
nigger say he done been owin' me dat
money so long, sah, dat de intrust
done eat it all up, an' he didn't owe
me nair cent, sah, not nair cent.'

STIMfiSRER

starts m the raw
everything in the
all through the
and greatest

A name that stands for
character in vehicles — that
guarantees you the worth of your
money. You don't buy often. You want service.j
Then don't take chances. The character in
Studebaker

Vehicles and Hanvess

material— that's the best obtainable and there's|
and the curing. The honesty conti
king and finishing. Results, longest life. fitnes3|
You Always Find the Essentials

Studebakers. There's no slighting, no deception, i

from high quality. That's why multiplied thous-
pin their faith to them. Are you of the
Local dealers most everywhere. Catalogue
,d particulars direct if requested.

STUDEBAKER BROS. MFG. CO..

South Bend.lnd.

Chicago, New York. San Francis.
' Kansas City. Portland, Ore., Denver,
Salt Lake City, Dallas, Texas.

JERSEY CATTLE.

We have tor sale, Voungf Co^vs, Heifers and Young: Bulls,

from cows testing i8 to 24 lbs. ol butter In se^en days, and giving
40 to 60 lbs. of milk per day. Also —

^^ LARGE lYORKSHIRE PIGS,

The coming bacon breed. Our stocli is from the most noted breeders in
England and Canada.

Write for prices. Address — "

BOWMONT FARMS,

SALEM,
VIRGINIA.

It was a busy thoroughfare in Kdin-
burgh, and as the old lady was ex-
hausted with the stir and bustle, she
hailed a passing cab. The driver was
at her side in a moment. Opening the
door, he stood back to allow the lady
to enter.

She made one or two weak efforts,
but was unable to mount the step, and,
at last, looking imploringly at the
driver, she said:

"Help me in, good man, for I am
very old."

The driver gently assisted his fare
into the cab, and then he gallantly
said:

"Well, mem, nse matter what age you
are, you dinna look it."

His fare was increased by a shilling
when the old lady reached her desti-
nation. And he deserved it.

What is the difference between a
life of leisure and a life of idleness?
They are the same thing, only differ-
ent titles.

JOHIVr S. FUItfK,

GLEN FARM,

— IMPORTER AND BREEDER OF —

Polled

Durham

Cattle,

Shropshire Sheep,
Southdown Sheep,

Poland-China Hogs. Berkshire Hogs. All carefully bred regardless of cost.
SINGER'S GLEN. VA.

COMBINATION SALE of Thoroughbred StocK.

July ITOth 1903, Orange, Va., Second Day of Horse Show.
Shorthorns, Polled Angus, Holstelns, Devons, Jerseys, Guernseys, Hamp-
shire and Shropshire Downs. Berkshires, Poland-Chinas and Tamworths.

Catalotrues .July 1st Further entries solicited.

MACON & CO. Auctioneers, Orange, Va.

When corresponding with our advertisers always mention the
Southern Planter.

474

THE SOUTHERN PLANTER.

[July

A CROSS-BREED.

A buxom negro woman who had
cookeil for a number of years in the
family of a Jewess announced to her
mistress one morning her intention of
quitting the job.

"Why are you going to leave us,
Mary?" inquired the Hebrew lady.

"Well. Jlissus," explained the cook,
"I's gwintah git mar'ied."

"That won't make any difference,"
said the lady, "there's room enough In
my yard for you and your husband;
you don't have to leave because you're
going to be married."

"But." replied the colored woman
sheepishly, "you don't know who I's
gwinetah mar'y"; and, without giving
the Jewess time to ask further ques-
tions, she said, "I'se gwinetah mar'y
a Chinee. Missus."

The employer raised her hands in
holy horror. "Oh, Mary," she said,
"have you thought of what you're
going to do?"

"Oh, yas. Ma'am," said Mary; "we's
thought about it — we loves each uddah,
Missus."

"I don't mean that," said the Jewess,
"I'm thinking about your children,
Mary. Have you thought about what
they'll be?"

"Oh, Missus." said Mary, looking up
in meek submission and intending no
Insult, "I knows dey'll be Jews, but I
can't he'p it." — fiilfis Xavier Floyd, in
June Lippincott's.

ONE BOTTLE CtlRED RINGBONE.
Schilling, W. Va., Jan. 23, 1903.
The Lawrence-Williams Co., Cleve-
land, O.:

I used GOMBAULT'S CAUSTIC
BALSAM on a mare for ringbone. I
cured her with one bottle. She is well
and works all the time. I have order-
ed several bottles since for my nei.gh-
bors. They have used it with good
results. Two cases' of ringbone I
know of have been cured with it. I
believe it the best linament on the
market to-day. — H. S. McCulty.

When does a dog become larger and
smaller? When let out at night, and
taken in in the morning.

Freeman
Ensilage
Machinery

represents the modern idea. Illustra-
tion shows typical cutter with blower at-
tachment. 11 sizes, band ciittiup to belt
power, with eapaciW ranirinj; from 5 to
34 tiins per hour. Traveling force feed
reduces labor of feeding. Kach machine
easily and quickly fitted with shredder
attachment.

Alf...iiiake Wind Mlllf". Corn Shcllcrs. WooJ
Saws. <-t<-. Writ* for free catnlnguea 110.

S. FREEMAN & SONS MFG. CO.. Radne, Wis.

EMPIRE DRILLS

ACCLRATELY MEASURE

ALL KINDS OF GRAIN

WITHOUT CHANGE.

That is, if you set the Empire

Feed to sow any amount from 24

to 128 quarts per acre, it will sow

exactly that amount of wheat,

oats or any other small grain

^ without further clianpe. A good

stand of grain is assured, when you

ow with an Empire Drill.

gmpire Grain Drills do not bunch,

skip or choke. Made in all styles and sizes.

Write for Free Catalogues.

EMPIRE DIVISION

AMERICAN SEEDING MACHINE COMPANY,

2$ Monroe Street, Springfield, Oblo«

DUNTREATH BERKSHIRES

'BRED=1N=THE=PURPLE.

EXTRA CHOICE Young Pigs for sale, all eligible to
registry, and now ready for shipment. Orders also taken now
for late Summer and Fall shipments.

DUNTREATH STOCK FARM,

Box 666.

RICHMOND, VA.

Refeue.nce: .\merican National Bank of Richmond.

vvvvv vvvv vvvv vvvvvvv vvvvvy
X X

§ CiSMONT DORSETS I

X
X
X

X'

X Prices Reasonable. i6. s. LINDENKOHL, Keswick, Albemarle Co., Va.

X

CISMONT STOCK FARM offers weU developed young
Dorsets of the best blood of England and America.

For Sfllfi-A. J. C. C. BULL CALVES

Good individuals; well grown
and from heavy milking cows.

Write

FOREST HOME FARM,

So. R. R.

PURCELLVILLE.VA.

1903.]

THE SOUTHEKN PLANTEK.

475

SPLENDID FOR CALVES and piQS

"INTERNATIONAL STOCK FOOD" and SKIN NILK.

Union City, Pa., Jan. 3, 1903.

International Stock Food Co., Minneapolis, Minn.

Dear Sirs: — I have used your "International Stock Food" for

the last year and am very much pleased with it, because it is all
you claim. I have fed it to Cows, Calves and Pigs. Last year I
raised my calves on "International Stock Food" and skim milk and
not one of them had the scours. Yours truly, MATH. ALLEN.

I Pr«T* Thftt n«y

^W« Have ThoaBHods •t SlmlUi

internktloDBl 8toek Voofl rarm," which is located 12 tnilei from HinneapotiB
DS 650 acres. Wa feed **lDternatloDDl Stock Food" every day to all of oui

MPioH Stallions, Dak Patch 1:69 Vs &"<! Dikbcthh 2:05!i; to our Yodko Stallions,

Fatteninit atock bet

Bigh-ClaBa vegetable,

an additioD to the regular feed.

> it iDCreasea the appetite and lida^i

I more nutrition from the grain

noney over the usual Plan of Growing^

and Fattening stock. •'loternatlonal Stock Food" can be fed in safety to Uorses, Cattle, Sheep, V

Goats, Hogs, Colts, Calves, Lambt or Pigs. It ia Absolutely Harmleas even if taken Into the^J

food atovery meal. Salt ia a Etomach tonic and worm medicine. Pepper Isapowerful etimulatEogu

, Mustard la a remedy for dyspepsia. Vinegar is a diuretic. You eat these medicinal ingredients almost with every mouthful of your food, and it ia proven that these y

^medicines promote health and strength for people and improve theirdigestion. "fnternaUonal Stock Food" contains pure vegetable medicinal ingredients that are jus* as safefl

ccessary an addition to the regular feed of your stock if yoQ desire to kaop them in the best possible Condition. ''International Stock Food" ia endorsed by Everyjl

i High'ClasB Farm Paper. It purifies the blood, atiinulatea and permanently atrengtbcns the entire systfm so that disease ia prevented or cured. *'IaterDatlonal Stock Food" '

WHAT PEOPUE SAY ABOUT THIS BOOK.

Dear Sirs: — I received your
was more than pleased with it.
me. Very trul:

Eau Claire, Wis.
International Stock Book" and
It is worth more than $10.00 to
RICHARD J. MORRISSEY,

d ■ a

International Stock Food Co., Odessa, Mo.

Dear Sirs:— Your '■international Stock Book" duly received,
and it is the best thing of its class that I have ever seen. There is
a volume of useful articles in it from start to finish.

Respectfully, GEO. W. NULL.

A $3000.00 STOCK BOOK FREE

IT CONTAINS 183 LARGE ENGRAVINGS OF HORSES, CATTLE, SHEEP, POULTRY, ETC.

The Co»*p ol thia Book is a Beaatiful Live Stock Picture ^Printed In Six BrIlllEnt Colora. Site of the book is 6»A by 9^ inchea. It font ua f 8(K>0 to have oar Artlsta and Engra»«M
maketheae EngraTinga. It describes common Dlseaaea, and tellt how to treat them. It also givea Description, Hiatory and Illuatrations of the Different fireeda^of Horaea^Catila,

ery noted Animals, and also teBtimoniaU. The Editor Of Th^« Paper

ly Illustrated Veterinary Depart:

WE WILL MAIL IT TO YOU ABSOLUTELY FREE, ^Postage Prepaid.
We Will Fay Ton $10.00 Cash if book la not as described. Write m at odu» laUer or peatil c«rd, ud aisweb these a quKSTioiS:

Ist.—Name This Paper. 2d.— How Maoh Stock Have Yoat

Wa Employ Over 300 Peopla and hava
Hnadndi of Thonaanda of TeatimoBi&U.
Safer to Any Bank la MinaeapolU.

INTERNATIONAL STOCK FOOD CO., Minneapolis. Minn.. U.S. A.

Urg«it Stock Food Factory in the Watld.

Capitil Pud in. II.OOCOOO.
600,000 Feetof Space in OurNew Feetory.

When President Edwin T. Alderman,
of Tulane University, was called upon
at a dinner he made a speech that sug-
gested the oratory of the late Henry
W. Grady, and its effect on the audi-
ence was electrical. By way of intro-
duction he told of an old colored man
named Pompey down in Louisiana who
was stopped on the road by a white
man with the question:
"Say, Pomp, where you going?"
"Ain'e gwine nowhere," said Pom-
pey, promptly. "I'se been where I'se
gwine, I has." — New York Sun.

A professor in a western college had
been annoyed by the tardy entrance of
a student into the lecture room, and
pointedly stopped talking until the
man took his seat. After class the
student went to the desk and apolo-
gized.

"My watch was fifteen minutes out
of the way, sir. It's bothered me a
good deal lately, but after this I shall
put no more faith in it."

"It's not faith you want in it," re-
plied the professor, "it's work." — The

Reg. HOLSTEIN-FRIESIAN

CATTLE of the Netherland, De Kol, Clothilde, Pietertje

and Artis families. Heavy milkers aud rich in butter

fat. Stock of all ages for sale.

From noted strains, Imported Headlight, Lord
-Highclere and Sunrise.

Reg. BERKSHIRES

-DORSET SHEERS

B. PLYMOUTH ROCK CHICKENS,

N. & W. and Southern E. R. T. O. SANDY, Burlcevllle, Va.

We positively guarantee to breed
anS .ship the VERY BEST strains of
thoroughbred registered LARGE
ENGLISH BERKSHIRE

Hogs for LESS MONEY than any other
firm in the U. S,, the superiority of our
stock considered. Send us your order
and we will satisfy you both in price
and stock. WALTER B. FLEMING,

Proprietor of the Bridle Creel< Stocli Farm, Warrenton, N. C.

476

THE SOUTHERN PLANTER.

[July

THREE OF A KIND.

While we were visiting at a small
villaKe in one of liie Carolinas we
went one afternoon to see one of the
old negro mammies in her own log
cabin. She was highly honored at the
condescension of "de ladies," and was
much concerned that the call might
not be disturbed by the presence of
her children — "fo'teen pickaninnies,"
she called them. Of course, curiosity
was too strong for the youngsters, and
soon the one door was blocked with
curly heads and wide-open eyes. When
Mammy perceived them, she just turn-
ed around and, gathering up her skirts
as one does in front of a flock of tres-
passing chickens, cried out "Shoo!"
and the cough drops disappeared.

But towards the end of our visit
Mammy needed the services of a helper
to put out tlie jelly and cake that she
insisted we eat. Stepping to the door,
3he called:

"Marianal"

Soon three girls in single-piece cov-
erings came bashfully, but curiously,
through the door, and all were given
orders by the bustling mother.

"But," said one of the callers in a
fcalf-jesting way, "are all three named
^lariana. Mammy?"

"Yes." the old woman explained, "all
three. You see, when de lil' gi'ls
came, 'fo I got 'round 'gain, de folks
jest call 'em all Mariana, an's no good
changin". An", anyhow, when I wants
a pickaninny, I jes' calls 'Mariana,' an'
one's sho' to come." — June Lippincott's
Magazine.

ALL-ROUND CtJRES.

" 'Twere a new Governor of New-
foundland, and he were shocking care-
ful of the sealers' health," began the
old sealing captain, his deep-set eyes
twinl<ling.

"The night afore the North Star left
Sen John's tor the ice he came aboard
t' inciuiie what for medicine-chist we
had.

" 'You ought to have a ship's doctor
aboard her with two hundred men
shipped.' says he. 'Who gives out the
medicine?'

•• 'The cook, o' course,' I answers.
•But I'm sarten o' one thing. Governor,'
1 says, 'there's nothin' there that's
pizen.'

" 'How do you know?' he asks pretty
sharp.

" 'Well.' I answers, 'a man comes
runnin' to the cook and he says, "My
chum's sick, and I want some medicine
for hf." The cook i.^ver asks no ques-
tions as to what's ailin'. He grabs up
the first bottle he gits his 'and on and
rours out some in a cup. If it don't
do the man's chum no good, he comes
back and the cook pours something
out of another bottle, and so on till he
strikes something that 'elps him.
That's why I know there's nothin'
pizen in that chist, or the cook would
'ave killed 'arf of 'era twenty v'yges
ago." — Suzette, in June Lippincott's.

MiSteieu gEBEFOQD GHITLL

Service BuUs ; Imported SaUsbury 76059 (19083). Lars Jr. 85297.

FOR SALE— A choice lot of bull calve.s and yearling bulls. The bull calves sold recently
weighed 600 lbs. at 6 mos old. Call and make your own selection Prices right.

MURRAY BOOCOCK, Owners, Keswick, Va.

- "EREFORD C ^•"""P'"" ^™^^ ''"P^''* '*°' ^^'^^^ I

HIHHIHH^^^^^^Hi^HHH ^^^^ at Head of Herd. V

H

A Few High Class Bulls and Calves For Sale.

EDWARD G. BUTLER,

BRIGGS, - VIRGINIA.

Write me

before buying

elsewhere.

Send for

illustration of

Prince Rupert.

<>O<H>OOCH>CKKKK><KKKXH3CH><K>CK>0O0<H><KKK30<^^

"""«"""" n mtiiiiu I I iiii I 1 I I I I I I I iggga

Bacon Hall Farm.

Hereford REGiSTEREoGattle

"TOP" BREEDING, CALVES NOT AKIN.
MOTTO— Satisfaction or no sale.

E. M. QILLET & SON, = Qlencoe, Haryland.

-,,,,,,, ^^^..f^r^r ■ » i^p^^i^p^i, ,,,,,,, II ,,,,,,, ,

HEREFORD CATTLE —Calves, entitled to reglsiratlou, 8T5 to SlOO Grade Calves by " 81r Ed-
ward " 825 to 840.

SHROPSHIRE SHEEP.— Biirkt. One year Old and Over, Sl.'itoSSO. Buck Lambs. July delivery,
810 to 81'2 Ewe Lambs. July delivery, 88 and flO.

POLAND-CHINA HOGS.— Pigs, six weeks old, Ji). Pigs, two or tbree montbs old. 17 50. Pigt,

five men ths and over, 815 to $20.
M. BRONZE TURKEYS.— Toms, $1. Hens, S3. Eggs, per sitting of 12, wben in season, &l.
MUSCOVY DUCKS.— Pure White Drakes, 81.25. Pure While Ducks, 81. Pairs, S2.2.i. Trios, J3.
BARRED PLYMOUTH ROCKS.
ROUEN GEESE.— Ganders, 82.50. Oetse, 82.50. Eggs, per sitting, S3.

WILLIAM L, Jr.. No. 21058, half brother of Axtell, wiil serve a limited aumber of mires 'or {2*
the season. Mares boarded at lowest figures per month.

1303.]

THE SOUTHERN PLANTER.

477

THE ONION AS A SEDATIVE FOR

PAIN.
Edilnr Southern Planter:

My little boy. aged five years, had
been suffering for a number of days
with toothache and earache, caused by
an abscess in process of formation at
the root of the affected tooth. He had
had a variety of treatment from va-
rious sources, including a good phy-
sician, but without relief, and last
evening the pain and nervousness
caused by lack of sleep seemed about
to culminate almost in convulsions,
and his mother and I had the prospect
of a sleepless and anxious night be-
fore us. I happened to remember a
sinii)le remedy that my mother used
with myself when a child. We took a
large onion (the old Richmond onion
tliey are called around here), roasted it
in the fire, and when thoroughly done,
mashed it up and bound it to his pulse
as hot as could be borne on the side
opposite to the affected tooth. The
effect seemed almost magical. In
twenty minutes the child became quiet,
and in half an hour sunk into a pro-
found slumber, which lasted the entire
night, and he awoke in the morning
much better and free from pain. Now,
it seems to me that so simple and
harmless a remedy and one so entirely
free from danger ought to be generally
known. It is certainly better in case
of nervousness and pain to use this
than to fill the system with dangerous
drugs. I don't suppose any possible
harm could come from its use under
any circumstances. With the hope
that its trial may bring the relief to
some tired, wornout mother and suf-
fering child, that it did in this case, I
send this- account to you, leaving it
to your discretion to give it publicit"
through the columns of your valued
publication. John I. PRTTciiiiTT.

Whitmell. Va.

MArrAZINES.
The July Century is distinctively a
fiction number; and the list of stories
is long and varied enough to please
the most omnivorous appetite for fic-
tion. Easily first in interest is Homer
B. Hulberfs "The Sign of the Jumna,"
telling the thrilling details of a B'-itish
subaltern's search among the Hima-
layas for literary treasure trove. How
he found a remarkable book, now in
the British Museum, but at the cost of
twenty-thi-ee years' imprisonment in
a mountain monastery, makes an un-
usual and engrossing tale. John
t-nther Long's "The Sirer." is far
frrm being a covenfional romance, ann
it has the flavor of the sea; the coast
is just the place to read the story of
savage Rrassid and the laughing Sea
1 ady. "Mahmoud Pasha of the D. P.
W." is the title of an Egyptian and
English story, by Frederic Courtland
Pen field, former TTnited States Diplo
matic Agent to Egvnt, which* tells of
a clever Indian device which located
a disastrous break in the great dam.
■^ther fiction of the ic;<?-io i^^indoo: "A
Loaf; Story/" » pontbumouso work by

St. Blbans
Scbool

W

Situated on a

SuNNv Headland

above the

Banks ok New River,

IN THE

Blue Gbass Region
OF Virginia

Prepares Boys

FOR UNIVERSITY OR
FOR ^iJSlY^ZSS^^^^

SEND FOR ANNUAL CATALOGUE, IN WHICH IS
I'UBLISIIEO "I'LAN OK ST. ALBANS SClfOOL."

Address, W. H. RANDOLPH,

Head Master,
Raiu'urd, - - - Virginia

SUNNY HOME HERD OF

ABERDEEN-ANGUS CATTLE.

BAROIN ROSEBOY 57666 (The great Westertown Rose, son of the
world-famous QAY BLACKBIRD; in service.

The Sire is half tlie herd. lu Baroa Koaeboy, is combined the typical " doddy " form with »
pediRree that tannot be excelled. He is a brother of the great "Gay Lad " (sold at $3050).
who heads ihe largest Angus.herd east of the Mississippi, is also brother of •' Hector of lakeside"
at the he^d of the great Pope River herd of Illinois ; is uncle of the " 10th Laitd of Estill " at the
t.ead of the gieatest Angus herd in America.

On dam's side. Baron Roseboy traces direct to the Imp. Blackbird Bull, "BABUIO, " said to b«
the best Blackbird Bull ever imported.

The females in the herd are " chips off the same block ". Great bulla, great cows, mean great
calves. Come and tee them, or write

A. L. FRENCH, Proprietor, Fitzgerald, N. C.

Pookinoliiim Co , l>4 miles soutlnvest of Danville. Va., on D. & \V. Kv.

We Are Still in the Business..

**H1LL TOP" stock at Shadwell, Va.

Having changed our residence, we brought with us and have for

sale a choice lot of HILL TOP stock.

Je^-sey Cattle, Southdown and Shropshire Sheep,

Berkshire Hogs and B. B. R. Game Chickens.

Our Berkshire Pigs are now elo.sely sold up, but we will have a fine lotrearly to .ship
by September Isl. We will be glad to serve our old friends and are always glad to
nia'ie new ones.

\V- hiive « (in more premiiinis ou sheep and hog.s at State and County Fairs
than all other breeder.s in Viii,nni;i roiiiOiined.

H. A. S. HAMILTON & SONS, Shadwell, Va.

OFFhRS " Kegisiered SHORTHORN COWS,

2 Registered MORGAN COLTS, and a few
FOR good yearling SHROPSHIRE RAMS.

-•SALE— B. B. BUCHANAN, Bedford City, Va.

•178

THE southern: planter.

[July

the lamented Frank Norris. author of
"The Octopus": Margaret Sutton Bris-
coe's "Red Tassels," David Gray's
"The Brayhroolv Baby's Godmother"
(another Gallop story), Will H. Har-
ben's "A Question of Valor," l'hilii)|
Berrill Mi.shels' "A Forty-Horsc-Power
Stratagem," and more chapters of
Richard W'bitein!;'s "The Yellow van."
Edwin L, Sabin continues his charm-
ing series on the life of the American
village boy. this month sketching "A
Boy's T..oves."

For readers of the July Century who
want something beside fiction there is
no lack of more solid reading. Noth-
ing could lie more timely, in view of
the bicentennial of Wesley, than the
life of the founder of Methodism, by
('. T. Winchester, professor of En?"
literature at Wesleyan University, and
well known on other platforms as a
lecturer. The July issue brin.gs, too.
the long expected "Unpublished Lei
lers by Sir Walter Scott," edited hv
Horace P. Hutchinson, with notes by
Mrs. Mary Anne Watts Hiighes, to
whom the letters were written, and
an introductory sketih of Mrs. HiLches
by her grandson, Mr. W. H. Hughes,
the .Xmeri'-an brolber of the famous
"Tom Hughes." Dr. William Hayes
Ward answers the question asked by
so many since a reient letter of (he
Emperor William, "Who was Hammu-
rabi?" Hermann Klein's "Modern
Musical Celebrities" gives pleasant be-
liind-thescenes glimpses of Jean and
ICdouard de Res'/ke. Tamagno. Las-
salle, Augustus Harris and Mme. Nor-
dica.

XVi£k fl^il rkAr'H Saw Mills are Sure Winners.
I ne UCLW/Awl I Kij;ht sizes, froiii Kariners4 h.i.. uptoiilKJh p

If Interested, write for large ilhisiratert cataloRue of DeLoach PRtent Saw Mills to suit any
pouer from < to ainh.p; Shingle VillB, Planers, Edgers. Irlmmers, Mave and Laiti Mills. Bolt-
ers Corn and Buhr. Mills, Water Wheels, etc. To Introdn e our New Farmers Saw Mill, htted
wlIh^DeLoach Patent Vnrlahle Friction Feed, we make this special otter:

We win deliver on ears at factory our
No. 0 Pony Farmers' Saw Mill, with Duplex
Hogs. lmi>roved Head Blocks. and Katoh-
ei Set Works, complete as shown in cut,
except ii ha«Cflrri8Reniade in two 4 foot
sec Urns, with Bope Urt' e Instead of Rack
anti Pinion without Saw or Belt, for
$115.00 Spot Cash!
Wiih 36" Solid saw.sr27.50: <0", S132.5

44", SHO.OO: 48", S150.00.
With 3fi"Inserted Baw S147 .Ml: 40".S152.50

44", S160.(X); 4h".S170 00.
Best Rubber Belling, 4-ply, 6". SO cents
per foot ; S". 30 cents per fool, NKi
No discount from these prices.

Our Warrant) : This mill is warranted to be made lu a workman-ike manner, of first rlasf
material throughout, and to give perfect satisfaction if operated BccoidinK to our printed in
structione, whiihare so simple thai a boy can understand ihem Any one with ordinary intelli
oence can set and operate without the assistance of an experienced sawyer : will easily cui 2 tioo
to 2.,M<1 feet of first class board lumber pej day with only 4 h \> ; 3,0u« feel with f. h p.;l.(W[eet
with » h. p. ; is adapted to any kind orsl/u power up to is h. p.

I DeLOACH HILL WANUFACTURING CO.. Box 600 Atlanta, Georgia, U. S. A,

The DeLoach Is the only mill mn le that is shipped to all parts of the world. Over lO.OOiiln use

A. M. Bowman, the proprietor of
Bowmont Farms, of Salem, and the
iionular repre.sentative in our Stat?
I.,egislatiir' from Roanoke county and
city, has for a number of years been
engaged in collect in.g what he claiins
to be the best collection of hi.gh test-
ing and deep milking Jerseys on the
continent, and his herd is attracting
the attention of breeders and buyers
from all parts of the cotintry, and
from foreign countries. He has also
recently Introduced the large York-
shire breed of hogs, which are now
attracting so much attention as a
"bacon breed" in Canada and other
districts, where high class bacon is
made.

Jn another column he ha,s an inter-
esting change in his advertisement.

I EGGS FOR HATCHING 1

*: Ironi Fowls of High Merit, Fresh, and a Good Hatcii J

* tTuaranteeil of the rollowina varieties : — V

'4i «;

5 PLYMOUTH ROCKS, BROWN LEGHORNS, WHITE J

5 LEGHORNSand PEKIN DUCKSat$1.00persittingof15 ^

^ BRONZE TURKEY EGGS, $3.00 per dozen. ^

5 Jersey and Guernsey Cattle ami Berkshire I'igs Four handsome JJ

* (ireat Danes and three Fox Terrier Puppies. V

t M. B. ROWE & CO., - Fredericksburg, Va ^

>»»>>»>>>>3>>»»>»»»>»>»>»»»>>»»»»»»»>:

In a little town in Nova Scotia are
two churches, situated in the two di-
visions of the village locally desig-
nated as the "North End" and "South
End." At a Sunday morning service
the ofliciating clergyman read the fol-
lowing notice:

"There will be preaching at 11
o'clock next Sundav morning in the
church at the North Rnd. and al 4
o'clock in th" afternoon in the church
at the Sotilb l''nd. Infants will be
b-'DllZert at bnUi "nclti," — Maw Yoiic
Tiniog.

VIROINIA 131 VISION.

Farmers Mutual Benefit Association

A Hire insurance Association, chartered by ihe State of Virginia, for
farmers, under an amended and well protected plan.

Insures in counties surrounding and accessible to Richmond, against Tire
aud I^ighining, only country properly — no stores or unsafe risks. Policy-holders
amply secured — ail legitimate losses paid. Average cost per year less than other
plans, and a great saving to farmers. Amount oi property now insured. $330,000,
and increasing yearly. Fistimatcd securiey in real and other estate, $7,'iO.00O.

For further information, address. CHAS. N. FRIEND, General Agent,

MENTION THIS .lot KNAL. CHESTER, VIRGINIA.

YOUR GIRL •

Needs an education. Send for Cata-
logue of WOODLAWN SEMINARY &
MUSICAL INSTITUTE, GORDONS-
VIl.LE. VA. Beautifully and health-
fully situated at the foot of the Blue
Ridge .Mountains. Prepares for any
College or Special School or for Teach-
ing. Beautiful home: thorough instruc-
tion. A'l Grades, including English.
Elocution, Music »nd Art, Gxpeniie))
my low.

LIME

AGRICULTURAL
AND BUILDERS'

Send for Circulars and Price- List.

FELLSWORTH LIME WORKS,

REEVES CATT, Agent,

Bodley, Augusta County, Virginia.

Mention the Southern Planter when
cnrreipendlng with kdvarttMn.

1903.]

THE SOUTHEFvN PLANTER.

479

We are Going to
Sell You a

FANNING MILL

On 60 Days' Approval

ncB yon of its superiority over any fanning mill yon ever heard
of. If that isu't lone enough time wo will take vourXUree Veiu-(>>o(e.
WK KN<>\V what the CbulliaiiB will do for you, how much mon.-y it
will make, how much it will sav« you, how strong it is, how easily it runs
and the perfect work it accomplishey. It will rleau and ^ru4l« your
seed grain, will enable you to sell your clean grain at the top price, will
save the tioaothy seed from the yearly crop of grain, ^ave the srreeninfjs
for feed lor your stock. The <;hutlk«in will cl*^au and grade stuy
kind of seed or grain. The naw bagging attachment saves the work of
one mau. We have already sold OVKR one hundred thousand (IW.OOO)
of them in every part of 1 he U. S. and Canada, and are n<.t goine to stop
until we place one in the Inuds of every farmer, su»ck raiser and seeds-
man in North America. We want you to send us jour name and address.
We will then send you tne most instructive book, free,

"How to Make Dollars Out of Wind."

It tells ways of making easy money that you never thought
of. We will also outline our THUKK YEAKS'
l*lau of selling you a Cliailiaui. It will surprise you
by its liberality aud convince you that we believe in our
mill. It gives you a chauce to let the mill pay you before
you pay us for the mill.

Here are some of the things others have done with the
help of the Chatliaiu Fauuing itlill:

Fred Dietz, Ransomville, N. T., trot fl08 cash for timothy
aeedoutof his wheat, anddiduH know there was any there.

O. E.Perkins, Hallsport, N.Y., got $550 more for 1000 bushels
of wheat than his neighbor did. PerkiDB used the Chatham;
neighbor dida't

D. M.Bethune, Bethune, S. C, obtains $1 extra on every
100 ptiuuds of rice by using the Chatham.

G. Woodringr, So. Charleeton, O., secured $157 worth of grass
seed from cleaning up the refuse in barn floors aud manj^ert^.

Noiv wrile u« and get that free book and c

proposition to make you money. Address

M. CAMPBELL FANNING MILL CO., Ltd.,

Ji/Gfi SfiOALS Manufacturing Company,

VARNS, SHlRTlMGS. CWKCKS, P'fHlPi^IS. ETC.

Talmage Hardware Co.. ry» / '^/Z , r/^

Agents for Chatham Fanning \k\.\\^,i/uyf' J/'ov/i. ^a... May 25th. 1903
Athens, Ga. .

Gentlemen:

Tho Chatham Fanning Mill bought of you ia by far a more valuable
machine than I first thought. As you know I did not get this machine until
afer I had begun to plant my cotton. When the Fanning Mill arrived, in order

belii

the aland of cotto;

that I can afford

speak in the highe

th'.nk of doing wit

Dlol. to V. C.

I fani

I out a lo

. looking I

f the remai

nder of the seed of my

r the farm

t found that the seed

eal better

in fact one would not'-

ference. In addition to

-third of

he seed. I do not think

hine evpn t

t double the price I paid

their seed and they all

they can st

e at present. I have only

and as slB

ted above I would not

116 Wesson Avenue, Detroit, Mich.

CATALOGUES, ETC.

International Harvester Company
of America (McCormick Division),
Chiicago III. King Corn. Tlie Mc-
Cormick Corn Binder.

American Devon Cattle Club. Year
Book for 1903.

Kentucky State Fair, Owensboro,
Ky.. September 21-2G, 1903. Premium
List.

The Nutgrowers Association. D"-
Witt, Ga.. invite attention lo the sub-
ject of nut trees for timber. In the
Nutgrower for March. 190S. there is
an interesting article dealing with the
subject.

LIFE'S PROBLEMS.

Marion has reached the age when
the problems of life assume interesting
propoitions.

"I was born in Washington, D. C,
grandmother. Where were you born? "
she asked recently.

"Way out in Kansas," answered the
old lady.

"Father was born in New Orleans."
continued the child, "and mother in
Denver. Do you know" — reflectively —
"it seems lo me people are liable to
be born most any place." — May Lij)-
pincott's Magazine.

A WASHING MACHINE is as great a necessity in the house as a wringer

THE lYIAJESTIC ROTARY WASHER

has too many good points for explanation in an ad-
vertisement. Your name on a postal card will
brii.g our booklet, with full particulars of our six
different machines and how to get them. One of
them will certainly please you. All are made with
electrically welded wire hoops sunk in grooves — our
patent. Being the largest manufacturers of wood
enware in the world, we can make better machines
for the money than any one else. If you want a
machine that washes, buy one of ours.

THE RICHMOND CEDAR WORKS, Richmond. Va.

ENGINES AND SEPARATORS

e l-^urquharthn

■ Separators b

liioroughnesa of eeimration, J
■ part thoroughly tested, Mnde

A. B. Farquhar Co., Ltd
York, Pa.

480

THE SOUTHERX PLAXTEIJ.

rJxilv

REPORTS.

U. S. Department of Agriculture,
Washington, D. C. A Directory
tor farmers, with weather condi-
tions. Crop injuries for 1902.
Bureau of Plant Industry, Bulletin
41. The Commercial Grading of
Com.
Bureau of Soils, Bulletin 21. Re
clamation of Alkali Lands in
Eg>-pt
Office of Experiment Stations, Ex-
periment Station Record, Vol.
XIV., No. 10.
Farmers Bulletin 169. Experiment

Station Work.
Farmers Bulletin 170. Principles

of Horse Feeding.
Farmers Bulletin 171. The Control

of the Codling Moth.
Farmers Bulletin 172. Scale Insects
and Mites on Citron Trees.
Kentucky Experiment Station, Lexing-
ton, Ky. Bulletin 105. The
Broom Rapes.
Bulletin lOG. Feeding Dairy Cows.
Louisiana Experiment Station, Baton
Rouge, La. Fifteenth Annual Re-
port.
New York Experiment Station, Geneva,
N. Y. Bulletins 220 and 227.
Popular Edition. Apple Troubles
in 1902.
Bulletins 223 and 224. Popular
Edition. Gsape Pollen and Polli-
nation.
Bulletin 225. Popular Edition. Rusty

Spot and a Remedy.
Bulletin 22(i. Popular Edition.
Two New Raspberry Diseases.
Ohio Experiment Station, Wooster,
Ohio. Bulletin 140. The Corn
Crop.

South Carolina Experiment Rtntinn
Clemson College, S. C. Bulletin
75. Cotton.
Bulletin 79. A Rotation Study.
Bulletin 80. Analysis of Commer-
cial Fertilizers.
South Dakota Experiment Station.
Brookings. So. Dak. Bulletin 7(i.
A Study of Northwestern .Apples.
Bulletin ,S. Frilled Tape M'orm of
Sheep.
Virginia Weather Bureau. Richmond,

Va. Report for May. 19it3.
Imperial Department of Agriculture
for the West Indies, Barl)aiioes.
W. I. Agricultural News.

SEND US YOUR WOOL
WE PAY THE FREIGHT.
WRITE FOR CATALOGUE.

EQUALS.

Mr. Jones was a deacon in the Meth-
odist church, his religion being re-
versed for the Sabl>ath. One day he
overheard a workman swearing, and
he stopped to argue with him on the
enormity of his sin. "Oh well," said*
the man. "you pray a little and 1
swear a little, and we don't either of
us mean anything." — Mary H. North-
end, in July Lippincott's.

We make from your
Own Wool on Shares
Or for Cash
White or Gray
Large or Small
Blankets, Coverlets
Dress Goods, Skirts
Underskirts, Flannels
Cassimeres, Cheviots
Jeans
Art Squares,
Carpets
Stair Carpets
Smyrna Rugs
Buggy Robes,
Lounge Covers

LEAKSVILLE WOOLEN MILLS, YamS, EtC.

Leaksville, N. C. Write Us.

«w3tjr<<3t;<<*:<3»3<3«:<<<<<<<<<«<<«*<:<;<«<<<<<<««<<«<<<<<««««

IS so NECESSARY TO THE

FARIVIER AND STOCK RAISER

^ that he cannot afford to be without the
^ best means of jjumping it

ADVICE FREE

I Rams, Windmills, Gasoline Engines

1

if ap]:)lication is made to us.

for pumping and farm use

I SYDNOR PUMP & WELL CO., Inc. *

5 Box 949. RICHMOND, VA. %

z i

A neat Binder for your back num-
bers can be had for 25 cents. Address
our Business Office.

Kentiic:K>^

Cane Mills

FOR OVER 40 YEARS h?ve been the recoK-

■ nued bI.4NDAKU

in Cane Will constniction. They are imitated,
of courr.e, but they stand alone and supreme in
tlicse essential points:
l'EllFE('Tia!l OK BECHAKICAL DETtlL.— STRPNIITII

m KVEUY POIXT.— SiVISO IN BFPillW SISPLH

irv.— tOVEBFK OIL CHAJiSELS) IN BOTTOH rLiJIC.
— P4TEST RF.VER.SIB1.E KEED orUIE. — ESCASED
VKlUlXliii.— DO nOST WOKS WITH LEAST POWER.

needed, together with skilled workmanship and practical kiu)wledgt; ol
itc f'T conipleiL' (\iiir Mill aitd Evaporator Catalog, S-t>^.

AMfRKAN SHDINd

to Bren

& Cu.

lOLISVIlLE, KY.

1903.] THE SOUTHERN PLANTER. 481

1^ Jt ^ J€ J* ^* .» ^ Jt :•* :•* .t ^S ^« .s ,•* ■« ..t ..t ^* J* J* ■.* Jl J* ^« Jt Jt Jt J» Jf .^ Ji ^ Ji ^ Ji ^ Ji ^ Ji JX J)t JX Jt ,1i JX ^ J* JH ^ Jt J)t

I BILTMORE FARMS, = Biltmore, N. C. I

I Headquarters for GOLDEN LAD JERSEYS, i

^i Also Get of TREVARTH and GEN. MARIGOLD. ^ ^ j« *

^ GOLDEN LAD'S SUCCESSOR. First aud sweepstakes over all at the I'an-Anierican Kxposition, the ^

- champion .lERSKY BULL OF AMERICA, and out of Golden Ora, our great prize-winning cow, both ^

•f born and developed on these Farms, is among our service bulls. ^

Biltniore .lerseys are a combination of large and persistent milking qualities with an individuality Vi

that wins in the show ring. In

•^ k

^ SPECIALTY. Write for descriptive circular of the best lot of young bull calves ever ofl'ered, both for %

% breeding and individuality. They are by noted sires and out of larife and tested selected dams. Many 1ft

^ of these calves are tit to show and win in any company. *

-^ ^ ^ BILTMORE POULTRY YARDS. jt jt '^

5 ^

_ SPECIALTY. Write for descriptive circular of eggs from our prize-winning pens. Over 50 yards to select

— ^. m^-^ii^m^a •. uiiit* loi 11 fscii p bi V c i:iii;uiarui egg.s iroiu uur pi ize-wiuiuug pens, wer ou yaros 10 select '

•t from, made up of the winners at the leading shows for the last two seasons. If you want winners you }~

m must breed from winners. .

5 Headquarters for the best IMPORTED ENGLISH BERKSHIRES. k

^ ^

5 APPLY TO BILTMORE FARMS, biltmore, n. c. \

II1IPEBII1LFBII1T8IIDPD0LTBY

Is now booking orders for Eggs from the best strains and careful matings of

Barred, Buff and White Plymouth Rocks,
Silver=Laced and White Wyandottes,
S. C. B. Leghorns and Mammoth Pekin Ducks,
AT $1.00 PER SITTING.
EGGS FROM BLACK DEVIL PIT GAMES.

Never known to run. The griuiest of all games. $2.00 PER SITTING.

We give 15 Chicken and 13 Duck Eggs for sitting. Order at once.
Write name and address plainly. Remember the express is no moie on 2 or 3 sittings than on i.
Refer to Augusta National Bank and former patrons. Satisfaction guaranteed or mone}' refunded

P. H. HEYDENREICH, - Staunton, Va.

482

THE SOUTHERN PLANTEK.

[July

Two years ago Lippiiicott's Magazine
))iiblislied a "Complete Novel" called
"The Lifting of a Kinger," which made
a decided hit. The July number now
contains another novel from the same
pen, that of Ina Brevoort Roberts.
Like its predecessor, "The Pretenders,"
is a tale of modern society treated
with the same brightness and charm,
yet showing a Kreat advance in the
handling of delicate situations and
subleties in plot. Mrs. Roberts surely
has the gift for "making love." Those
who are " in the game" say she does it
jusi right. For a journey on cars or
boat this story is an ideal pastime.

All short stories in the July Lippin-
cott's are suited to the "good old sum-
mer time" when one is not ashamed to
confess he wants something not solid
but entertaining. After the novel
there is a touching little tale of a girl
to whom a passing flirtation on the
man's side means eternal remembering
on tiers. She can lioast that "her
mother had been a Uoston woman,"
too! Its title is "The Broken Vase,"
and its author. Marcene Rndicott.
Henry Wysham Lanier, the gifted son
of Sidney Lanier, contributes "The
Odyssey of Piscator," a fishing story.
The sportsman's pursuit of his fasci-
nating "Peri" rivals that of his avow-
ed sport and makes of him ipiite a
globetrotter, fiirl athletes of the
l)rcsent day have very well-defined
ideas of what comes up to their stand-
ard in masculinity, and woe l)eti(le the
man who falls short. "The Modern
Sabine."' by K. Ayrlon. is an instance
of this in which the exacting heroine
finds she has not "exercised" her heart
out of her bo<ly, after all, and it .)oy-
fully asserts itself in an unusual but
no less convincing manner. Agnes
I ouise l^rovosl's story called "Jacky"
is cheerful evidence of the theory that
no man is thoroughly bad. It is told
Willi spirit.

The labor story by Edith Robinson,
called "The Vaiiderdonck, Sandbank"
(where the scene is Schenectady. N.
Y.), stands for right on both sides. It
should be read by laborer and capi-
talist, and by those in between, be-
cause it is a really good story.

FRECKLE PROOF.

Little Marie hated freckles, and with
good reason, for she was like the pro
verbial turkey egg, Mer small nurse,
Rhody, was as black as tar, except her
beuitlfiil while teeth.

One day Marie said regretfully,
"Wisht I was black like you, Rhody;
aint nowhere for you to get freckles
'(•e\)l vour teeth." — Florida C. Orr. in
July Lippincolt's.

Best for medicinal uses

Your physician will tell you that you should always have some good whiskey in the
house. For accidents, falotluir spells, exhaustion, and otber emereency c;ises. It relieves
Bud revives. But yon must huve food whiskey, lure whiskey, for poor whlsltey, adulterated
whiskey, ra:iy do decided harm, HAYNEK VVlilaKKy is just what you need for it goes
direct from our own distillery to you, with all it.s oriu'inal strenBth, richness and flavor,
carryinsr a UNITED STATES REtJISTEKEIJ DISTILLER'S UUAllANTEF, of PUR-
It'Y and .-^OE and savinit the dealers' enormous protits. We have over a quarter of a
million salistled customers, exclusively family trade, who know it is best for medicinal
purposes and prefer It tor otber uses. That's why 'VOU should try it. Your money back II
you ai"^ not satisfied.

Direct from our distillery to YOU

Saves Dealers' Profits I Prevents Adulteration I ^^""

HAYNER WHISKEY

PURE SEVEN-YEAR-OLD RYE

4 FULL $^^ EXPRESS
QUARTS W PREPAID

We will send you FOUR PULT. QUART BOTTLES of HAYNER'S SEVEN-
YKAR-OLD RYE for $ii.20, and we will pay the express charges. Try it and
If youdon't flndit all ritrht and as tood as you ever used or can buy from
anybody else at any price, send It back at our expense and your $3.30 will be
returned to you by next mail. Just think that offer over. How could it be
fiiirery If you are not perfectly salisfled you are not out a cent. Better let us
send you a trial order. If you don't want foiir(UKirts yourself, yet a friend to
join you. SUipnaent made in a plain bealed case with no murks to show what's

Orders for Ariz., Oal.. Col.. Idaho, Mont. Nev.. N. Mrx., Ore.. Utah, Wash,
or Wyo. must be on the basis of 4 (Quarts r<.r SS4.00 by Express
Prepaid or '40 Quarts for 916.00 by Frci;;-lit l*repaid.

Write our nearest office and do it NOW.

THE HAYNER DISTILLING COMPANY

DAYTON, OHIO

ST. PAUL, MINN,

DI3T1IXKBT, Tbot, O, Established 1866.

CHARTERED 1870,

MERCHANTS NATIONAL BANK

OF RICHMOND, VIRGINIA.
Capital Stock, - - - $200,000.00

Surplus and Profits, - = $028,000.00

Uesiffnated Depository of the United Stiites, City ol' Kuliniond and Cmuinonwealth

of \'irgini:i.
Being tlie Largest Depository for Biinlcs hel ween Knltiiiiore and New Orleiius, tliis

Bauk oilers superior facilities fur dirert and quick collections.
JNO, P. BRANCH, JNO. K. H8.\NCH. JOHN F. OLKNN,

Presirteut. Vlci- I're-iilent. Cai^bler

1903.]

THE SOUTHERN PLANTER.

483

Seed House of the South.

BUCKWHEAT,
OATS and
CANE SEED.

''Whatsoever One Soweth, That Shall He Reap."

We sell strictly reliable FIELD AND GARDEN SEEDS of every
variety at Lowest Market rates, Included in which are

RAGLAND'S PEDIGREE TOBACCO SEEDS.

^ ^ £^ WE ALSO SELL

Our Own Brands of Fertilizers

For Tobacco, Corn, Wheat, Potatoes, &c.

Pure Raw-Bone Meal, Nova Scotia and Virginia Plaster and
Fertilizing Materials generally.

Parties wishing to purchase will tind it to their interest to price our goods.
Samples sent liy mail when desired.

1016 Main Street,
LYNCHBURG, VA.

Wm. A. Miller & Son, ^

4-

j Headquarters for
Nursery Stock.

WHOLESALE
AND

RETAIL.

We make a specialty of luuidlinj; dealers' ordcr;^
ALL STOCK TRUE TO NAME.

Apples.
Pears,
Peach,
Plum,
Apricotis,
CALIFORNIA PRIVET, lo

Nectarint
Cherry,
Quinces,
Almonds,

PecHiis,
Chestnuts,
Walnuts.
Small Fruit;^

Hedging.

. . AGENTS WANTED.
FRANKLIN DAVIS NURSERY CO,,

Ornamental and
Shade Trees,
Evergreens,
Roses, Etc.

WRITE FOR CATALOGUE.

'^

^

4.4.H

^'Tf*'f"*f"^

Baltimore, Md ,^

ill

The following llpt of papers and periodicals
are the most popular ones In this section.
We ran SAVE YOU MONEY on whatever
Journal you wish.

DAILIES.

Price. With
Alone. Planter.

Times- nispatch, TtiPhmond. Va J.l 00 ?.? 00

The Pnpt. WashinRtnn. O. C fi 00 fi 00

The Sun, Haltimorr. Mr] ;; 00 :; tn

\'ews-Lpader. Richninnd, Va r, 00 3 on

TRI-WKEKLY.

The World ( (hiicc-a-wrek). N. Y.... 1 00 1 25

WEEKLIES.

Harper's Weekly 4 oo 4 00

Harper's Bazaar , no 1 10

Montgorjery Advertiser 1 00 1 00

Vnshvllle American 50 75

The Baltimore Sun 1 00 1 3S

Hreeder's Gazette ; oo 17.';

Hoard s Dairyman x 00 1 35

ir'ountry Gentleman 1 50 57;^

Central I'resbytr rian. •' •• 2 00 2 2."-,

KeliKious Herald. Richmond. Va 2 00 2 25

Times-Dispatch, Richmond, Va 1 00 1 2.5

i^hristian Advocate, " ■■ 1 SO 1 75

Hcrssemau 300 3 00

SEMI-MONTHLIES.

Wool .Markets and Sheep .50 75

Hairy and Creamery 50 7.';

"Commercial I'oultry bo 7.';

A" three 1 50 1 |s

MONTHLIES.

Vorth American Review 5 oo 5 00

The Century Magazine 4 00 4 25

■Jt. Nicholas .Magazine 3 00 3 26

Lippincolfs Magazine 2 50 2 50

Harper's Magazine 4 oo 4 00

Fcruil] Magazine 3 00 3 25

Scribner's Magazine 3 00 3 25

Prank Lfslics Magazine 1 00 1 33

Cosmopolitan JIagazine 100 135

'.Everybody's Magazine 100 1,15

Muns"y Magazine 1 oo 135

Strand Magazine 1 25 1 65

McClure's Magazine too 135

Argosy Magazine 1 00 1 35

Review of Reviews 2 50 2 7S

.■^uccesslul Farming I 00 7:,

Southern Fruit Grower 50 S.i

Where you desire to subscribe to two or
more of the publications named, you can ar-
rive at the net subscriptton price by deduct-
ing 50 cents from "our price with the
PLANTER." if you desire to subscribe to
any other publications not listed here, write
us and wo will cheerfully quote clubbing or
net subscription rates.

Subscribers whose time docs not expire
until later can take advantage of our club
rates, and have their subscription advanced
one year from date of expiration of their
subsiription to either the PLANTER or any
of the other publications mentioned.

Don't hesitate to write us for any informa-
tion desired; we will cheerfully answer any
corfespondencc.

We furnish NO I3AMPS,K COPISS »« »tl»f

484

THE SOUTHEKX PLAXTEE.

[Julv

The seed plantations around San
Jose. Cal., are said to receive $3,Oihi.0O0
a year from the sale of seed. The first
cxperimfnt of the planters in this line
was made less than a half dozen years
ago. One onion patch now covers three
thousand acres, with furrows almost
two miles long. A single plot of sweet
peas occupies eight hundred acres, a
bed of yellow asters 210 acres, a let-
luce bed 2.ino acres. There are within
a radius of eighty miles around San
Jose 14,r.00 acres devoted to raising
T>lsnts and flowers for their seed alone.

I Do )M owni Faailmi Mill? Art .vou tblokini ol (dlini oac?
What kind do viMl cipccl lo {CI?
^ by should every firmer own a mill ?

I Name

I Address

Ul- u,«n4 anlAvmslaAK '''on< >:vcry rt:ader nn the above Questions, and
lie Walll IniVrniallOll shall be very elad lo have you flip this advertise-
ment oul. till it in ap'l senrl ii to this pnblicatinn. On it.s receipt we will put in your hands
a beautiliil illustrat.-'l hn..kl.i ..n ■! , 'm-iir - r 'H ni-.- 'i-ii . frer of cost

Editor, Southern Planter.

THE WONDER OF THE 20 CENTURY. ^^

THE ACME CHURN.

MILK yERATOR and CREAM SEPARATOR.

"^fe^— '^ GuBranteiil Ki make butler Irom sweet or sour cream In from Ihree to len
" minutes. The manufactnrerf oiler SlOO to any one who can beat this machine

on lime, quality ami qiiantlly on any given amount of sweet or sour cream.
Made of the very best materials and is guaranteed.

The number of inquiries received from our first Ad., on pape 21n*. -April
Pi.ANTtii. shows the great interest taken In this new- invention by the bul'er
makers of thifi and adjoining Slates. It Is a new machine, patcnied and
fully protected ; and the greatest labor saver of its kind on the market. It
has but recently been offered to the public, and by merit alone Is making a
name and place for itself In enterprising and progressive homes, where it
lightens and lei^sens the labor of those who need It most.

The cut is the .Single Standard, in s and fi gal. sizes. In the Double jitand"
ard. the iron frame is on both sides and across the top. is hea\ier and
stronger, with an extra wheel at the handle for either hand or light power
In fi and 10 gal. sizes. You can rely upon what is said about this machine.

Make a note of this and continue to watch Soi-thkrn Planter.
Address THE ACMF CHl'RN, Lock Box 311. Richmond. Virginia.

Established by
GEO. WATT, 1840.

MANUF

THE CALL-WATT CO.,

1ER*5 OF

MANFRED CALL.
Gen'l Manager.

THE CROWN, CRESCENT, AND WATT PLOWS,

AND REPAIRS FOR PLOWS IN GENERAL USE.

jm^ Dealers In IMPLEMENTS, MACHINERY and VEHICLES. — —

WE MAKK PLOWS that will enter hard ground when uo other plow will. If .vour land is hard and dry, get
relief and a jiood plow at same time.

GOOD ROADS can be made by using our ROAD PijDWs. Specially adapted to heavy work and hard ground.
Have been used successfully where other muoh higher priced plows would not enter hard earth.

THE DEERE AND PITTS DISC HARROWS. Steel Hhaiths. Dunt Proof Bearing Boxen, flexible Gangs, allow-
ing the inner ends tx) rise and fall independently, and still retain the same even pressure in uneven ground on every disc.

THE DEERE STEEL LEVER HARROW. Strong, Flcuible, uitli Spring Trip, relieving all strain on teeth when
jiassing an obstruction.

THE DEERE DISC CULTIVATOR. I^ight and Strong. High A.rch. Solid Steel Axle. Wheels adjustable in width.
Pivoted Tanf/ue. Dunt Proof Bearing Boxes. Convertible into an 8-disc Harrow. Entire weight can be thrown on discs
when desired in hard ground.

GRAIN AND FERTILIZER DRILLS. With Disc or Hoe. For Grain, Corn, Peas, and Fertilizers accurate work
can be depended on.

THRESHING MACHINES FOR GRAIN AND PEANUTS. From one to ten horse power. Sold upon their merits,
and guaranteed to give satisfaction. Unsurpassed by any, and sold at prices lower than any other first-class machines.

BALING PRESSES. For Hand, Horse or Steam Power, at prices that will enable every grower of hay to have
his own press.

FIELD ROLLERS. Steel Rims. Solid Steel Heads, keep the earth from clogging in the shells as in all open
head rollers. Special oil device, free from grit.

THE IMPERIAL ONE HORSE FARM WAGONS. Steel Arle and Thimble Skein. Built of best material and sold
under full guarantee.

THE MOLINE WAGONS. Light Running and Durable. Guaranteed to be made of best air-dried lumber.
Handsomely finished, and have feature not found in any other.

ENGINES, SAW MILLS, CORN AND FEED MILLS, CORN SHELLERS, FEED AND ENSILAGE CUTTERS,
PEA HULLERS, ETC.

We soliiii ini.uiries for anything needed.
13 So. Fifteenth Street,
Batvtfaan Main and Cary-

RICHMOND. VA. THE CALL=WATT CO.

1903.]

THE SOUTHERN PLANTER

485

LAB0R=SAV1NQ IMPLEMENTS AND MACHINERY.

rriPlV DI AIVTPPQ '^^^ H008IER, both single and double row,

Ooca Plante*.

with aad without fertilizer attachment. The
SPANGLER for Corn, Peas and Sorghum.

CULTIVATORS. So^NAGE'cr.

vatori5 and Horse Hoes. CONTINENTAL Disc
Cultivators and Harrows, the best in the world.

Spring tooth attachments for cultivator. RODERICK LEAN steel lever harrows for

one, two and three horses.

THE SOUTH
BEND CHILLED
PLOWS.

DISC CULTIVATOR.

HORSE HOE.
Wood or Steel beam ; all sizes. Guaranteed equal to any made,

THE CELEBRATED

HANCOCK DISC PLOW.

Single or Double Disc.

DISC HARROWS— All Sizes.

SPIKE TOOTH HARROW.

THE OLD RELIABLE

PEERLESS ENGINES.

SAW MILLS and
THRESHING MACHINES.

THE FISH, THE WEBER AND THE CHAMPION WAGONS

IN ALL SIZES.

General agency for the Columbus Buggy Co., Col-
umbus, Ohio. A, Wrenn & Sons, Norfolk", Va., and
other celebrated makers of vehicles. All grades in
stock.

Harness, Robes and Whips, Pittsburg Perfect Wire
Fencing, welded by electricity. Circular forj the
asking. Correspouuence solicited.

452 E. FRANKLIN and
404 E. MAIN STREET.

THE WATT PLOW CO., ]

Richmond, Va.

4S6

THE SOUTHERN PLANTEK.

[July

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How is Your Wheat?

ONE CENT

Invested in a postal card and addressed to
THE CARDWELL MACHINE COM-

PANY, Richmond, Virginia, will bring you circulars regarding

Cardwell's Thresher and Cleaner

They are SIMPLE, DURABLE and EASY TO WORK.

Capacity, 200 to 1000 bushels of wheat per day, accordin.5: to size
and character of grain.

S THE CARDWELL MACHINE CO., '"",

X

xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx:

eteenth and Gary Sts.,

RICHMOND, VIRGINIA.

X
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xxxxx

IN THE STUD AT LAUREL HILL FARM
THE FINE HACKNEY STALLION

liElDREK

Bay horse, foaled 189S; 16 hands high. This horse has

great natural action, and is capable of getting

the highest class harness horses.

FEE, $10.00 the Season or $15.00 to Insure.

.A. 1,1 IV.- V

C, F. & J. BUTTON, Walker's Ford, Va.

1903. IN THE STUD. 1903.

WEALTH, 29579.

RACE RECORD, 2:17'4', Pacing.

Timed sepimitelv in 2:08 in a race at Indiana
State Fair. 1902
Bay horse, foaled 1S37; IG hands high, weight, 1,200 lbs.
Sired by Gambetta Wilkes, 2.19i, dam Magnolia, by Norfolk.
3670. Wealth is grand individually and in appearance.

FEE, $20 the Season with return privilege, or $25 to insure.
Address S. F. CHAPMAN, Gordonsville, Va.

Pcdi.^^rees traced and tabulated. Catalogues compiled and
circulars prepared. Special attention given registration
matters pertaining to thoroughbreds and trotting horses

w. J..CA^^TER (Broad Rock),

P.O. Box 929 RICHMOND, VA

Representing the ....

The Ti,MK&-Disi".\TCH, Richmond, Va.
SoLTiiLiix Pla.xtkr, Richmond, Va.
Sports of tue Times, New York.
Ki;NrLXKy Stock F^utjr. Lexington, Ky.
Brledek .\.n"i) SroRTSM.vx. San Francisco, Cal.

GREAT STAKES, 25521.

RACE RECORD. 2:20 Trotting.

Bay horse, by Billy Thornhill, 2.24, dam Sweetstakes, by

Sweep Stakes, 29S. Great Stakes has sired Captain,

2.16J; Foxhall, 2.1!)3, and tour others in the list

FEE, 25.00 for the Season of 1903.

W. H. NELSON, 1417 E. Franklin St., Richmond, Va.

WHALCiBONB. 7872.

Sired by Abdailah Wilkes, son of George- Wilkes, 2.22.
dam Maggie O., by Abdailah, 15. sire of Goldsmith Maid,
2.14; second dam Viley Filly, by Pilot, Jr., sire of dam of
Maud S., 2.08.1.

Note. — Whalebone is a richly colored bay horse of fine
size, handsome and well formed. His disposition Is perfect.
He has sired Visitor, 2.26J, and other winners.

FEE, $15, with usual return privilege.
Address W. J. CARTER,

P. O. BOX 929, RICHMOND, VA.

Manulacturers

R. H. RICHARDSON,

^'Saddles, Harness, Collars, Etc.

Leather and Slice Findings, Paints and Supplies,

1306 Hull street,
HANCHESTER, ■ - VIRGINIA.

1903.]

THE SOUTHERN PLANTER.

487

"MOORE" QUALITY !

QUANTITY

J. s. lyxooRS'S soMS,

Successors to D. O'SULLIVAN, and J. S. MOORE & SONS.

CORNER EIQHTEEMTH & MAIN STREETS,

RICHMOND, VIRGINIA.

Wholesale and Retail Grocers, Feed and Liquor Dealers.

Granlated Sugar 43

Pure Leaf Lard 11

Good Family Lard 09

Dunlop Flour, bbl $4 20

Obelisk Flour, bbl 4 25

Daisy Flour, bbl 4 00

Good Family Flour 3 1:>

Good Rice U

Country Meal, peck IS

or bushel 70

Mountain Butter, lb 17 4 cans assorted Soup

Cooked Ham 12i ' ' " "

Counf ry Ham 17

Good Salt Pork 09

California Ham 10^

Bo'osna Sausage 07

Full Cream Cheese 15

3 large cans Tomatoes 2.5

3 cans 3 lb.' Peache.=! 25

Large .Tars Mustard OS

Large Bottles Catsup 08

3 lbs. Apricots 25

7 lbs. Prunes 25

3 cans Corn 25

Raisons. lb 06

i lb. Bottle Olive Oil 25

3 lbs. Graham Crackers 25

Ginger Snaps 04

Cream Crackers 07

Soda Crackers 4*

6 lbs. Lump Starch 25

1 L large bars Soap 25

12 cakes Toilet Soap 25

Lem. Clina- Peaches, can 15

25

Large bottle Honey 09

Navy Beans, quart QS

Large Postum, pkg 21

Small Postum, pkg 11

Try our Elgin Butter 27

Preserves, 6 lb. pail Home Made. . . 30

Potted Ham 04

7 cans Sardines 25

Arburkle's Coffee 93

Rio Coffee 09

Cm Herrings, dozen 10 j

Roe Herrings, dozen 18

Lake Fish, dozen 15 |

Tea, extra best

Tea, fine

Table Peaches

2 cans Pie Peaches

Plum Tobacco, 3 plugs

Grape Tobacco, 3 plugs

Old Peach Tobacco. 3 plugs

Ward Brand Tobacco, 3 plugs

200 lbs. Sack Salt

Ice Cream Salt, sack

Currants, lb

Pure Pepper, lb

Matches, dozen

5 String Broom

Large Tubs

Cedar Buckets

Lemons, dozen

I gal. can P. R. Molasses

Syrup, gallon

N. O. Molasses, gal

7 lbs. Bread Soda

Rye Whiskey, per gal $1.50 to $3

Corn Wiiiskey, g.il 2

Cut Herrings, bbl 4

Prices Subject to Market Fluctuations. Order Now.

In fact we have everyihing in the GROCERY and FEED line, at prices that will astonish
the best posted people. Ail we ask is a trial.

Write for prices on anything in above line not quoted.

WAGONS and BUQQIESi

MADE

RQHT HERE

AT HOiViE

BY

All of Virginia.

g The BARBOUR BUGGY CO., 1
The HUGHES BUGGY CO., [
The VIRGINIA WAGON CO. j

These vehicles are guaranteed to be as good as can be bought elsewhere; material and
workmanship unsurpassed; all sizes and styles, prices low. We can save you time,
money and freight by purchasing our vehicles. Send for our illustrated catalogues.
Drop in our warehouse and inspect our stock. Inquiries cheerfully answered.

AGENTS FOR DEERING MACHINES.

RICHMOND BUGGY & WAGON CO., 1433 E. Main Street, RICHMOND, VA.

g J. T- DUNN, Manager.

§ 0<kKkKh><h><k><kXh><><h?<h><h«h>0<k><^^

488

THE SOUTHERX PLANTER.

[July

Latest Improved FARM IMPLEMENTS.

Geoulne BROWN Walking and Riding

Cultivator. All styles. Write for

circular iind prices.

Buckeye Cider Mills. All Sizes.
Also Chattanooga Cane Mills and
Evaporators and Furnaces.

Write for Catalogue iin^i Prices.

arro'ws.

r.Speciai price? L-iven on >iudel>aker and
Broum Wagons. Butrgies and Carts.

Seientlflc Steel Corn Harvester.

The best Harvester on earth . For standing corn

Safety seats. Safetv shafts.

Stndebaker Buggies, all styles. Studebaker
Carriages, Studebaker Carts, Stnde-
baker Runabouts.

TIGER Steel and Wood Self-Dump Rakes,
GR.ilNGER Steel and Wood Hand-Dump Rakes,
all sizes.

ELI BALING PRESSES.

Among the prominent agencies

represented by us are the

following:

Genuine Oliver Chillol IMows and Repairs.
Genuine Farmers' Friend Plows.
Pubsoii Plows.
Stndebaker and Brown Farm

Wagons. Carts and Buggies.
Land Rollers and Harrows.
Tiger Disc Harrows and Bement

Disc Cultivators.
Full line of Brown Walking and

Riding Cultivators.
A full line of Scientific Crushing and

Grinding Machinery.
Ross Feed Cutters, Horse Powers, Grinders,

Wood .Saws and Carriers.

Hllwankee Hay Tools and Corn

Buskers and Shredders
Champion Mowers Reapers and Binders.

Hay lUkes and Twine.
Buckeye Iron and Wood Pumps.
I X L Wind Mills.
.Superior Grain Drills.
Uallock's Success .\nH-Clog Weeder

and Cultivator.
Full llni- of Asptnwiill Potato Machinerv.

Bement Disc Cultivator, with
6 or 8 Disc.

Built entirely of steel, steel forgings and mal-
leable iron. The most simple and easiest ad-
justed cullivator on the market to-day. Write
for circulars and testimonials.

ANTI-DIRT MILK PAIL

Genuine BROWN
Single and Double
Plows, wood or
Steel beam.

Only Pall made that prevents Dirt and Hair from
droppina Into the Milk and STR.\ISS IT TWICE
while milking. Aerates and Cools it.

Every Farmer aixl Dairyman Should Use it.

Buckeye Force Pumps. Porce-
lained Wood Pumps. Wood and
Steel Wind Mills.

Superior drain and Fertilizer
Drills. Hoe and Disc.

HENIN6 & NUCKOLS,

Successors to

CHAS. E. HUNTER,

The Southern Planter.

DEVOTED TO

PRACTICAL AND PROGRESSIVE AGRICULTURE, HORTICULTURE,
TRUCKING, LIVE STOCK AND THE FIRESIDE.

Agriculture is the nursing mother oi the Arts.— XENOPHON.
Tillage and pasturage are the two breasts of the State.— SULLY.

64th Year.

Richmond, August, 1903.

No. 8.

Farm Management.

WORK FOR THE MONTH.

With the first days of July we had the iirst touch
of real summer weather, and the temperature became
more nearly that which we are accustomed to have
in May and June. Since that time, up to the date of
this writing the temperature, though below normal
for July, has yet been seasonable and has been ac-
companied by warm rains at intervals close enough
to prevent any approach to drought. This most de-
sirable change has had a great and beneficial in-
fluence on the growing crops and they are now making
good progress, but are yet much behind their normal
condition at this time of the year, and we shall need
a continuance of this genial weather for some time
to bring them so forward as that early frosts may
not catch them before maturitv.

The wheat crop of the country has now been all
harvested, except in the ISTorth and I^orthwest, and
the latest reports place its average condition as below
that of last year. All through the sections where
threshing has been done the yields are disappointing,
and especially is this so in the South and East. The
indications are that the crop will fall very much short
of what has beeil predicted.

The very cold, wet and unfavorable spring has had
a disastrous efl'ect on the corn crop prospect. Owing
to the impossibility of preparing the land and plant-
ing the crop the acreage in corn is greatly reduced.
The government report makes the reduction in area
over 4,000,000 acres, whilst other more sanguine

estimates place it at something over 3,000,000 acres.
But this alone does not tell all the tale. That planted
was so backward in growth on the 1st of July that
much of it, unless the weather is most propitious and
the frosts late, will have great difficulty in reaching
maturity. In the great corn belt the' condition is
from 1.5 to»20 points below that of last year at the
same time. In the South, whilst the average condi-
tion is higher than in other parts, it is yet below that
of the ten-year average. The indications, therefore,
are for a considerably less crop than that of last year
and below the average of a normal vear.

The cotton crop is still reported as very late and
small in growth, with considerable injury from boll
weavil in the extreme Southwest and a very irregu-
lar growth in other States.

The tobacco crop is planted on a larger area than
that of last year and is making good progress, though
somewhat late. The outlook in the bright sections is
not so promising as in the sections where darker types
and shi]iping are grown. Some of the reports from
the Carolinas are very disappointing as to the
quantity and quality of the leaf.

The apple crop throughout the South is still pro-
mising, a smaller proportion of the fruit having drop-
ped than the average. From the Piedmont section of
this State we hear some excellent reports.

Live stock is doing well generally, as pastures have

490

THE SOUTHERN PI.ANTEU.

[August

kept full of feed owing to the rains. The demand on
the market keeps good and prices are firm. The man
who has plenty of stock is not likely to regret it.

Forage crops are making good growth and a large
acreage of these, especially peas, has been planted
within the past month. It is not yet too late to plant
peas or peas and sorghum to make a hay crop, but no
time should be lost in getting them in.

The harvesting of these crops will require atten
tion as they become ready. Dto not wait until the
leaves and stalks are being dried up before cutting,
Where the object in growing these crops is forage,
and not seed, they are in the best condition when
just forming the seed. Peas should be cut when
the first pods are turning yellow. The pea crop is
best cut with a grain reaper which throws the crop
out of the way of the horses when coming round
again. If cut with a mower hands should be em
ployed to follow the mower and throw l)ack the cut
crop, or much of it will be injured by the tramping
of the team. Leave broadcast until thoroughly wilted
and partially cured, then rake into windrow and leave
for a day or two, then put up into cock and leave
to cure out, but do not leave the cocks standing in
the field until they are wasted and weather-beaten.
If the weather be fine and dry twenty-four hours in
the cock will make the hay fit to store in the barn
Before hauling open the cocks to the sun to dry off
any excess of moisture caused by heating or dew, or
both, and the hay may then be safely packed away
closely in the barn where it will heat and cure out
finely. Be particularly careful not to haul the peas
when at all damp with rain or dew or they mould and
spoil. Soy bean hay should be cured in the same
way. but it is less susceptible to injury from rain
than peas and may be left in the cock longer without
loss. Where peas are grown for the seed the crop
should be allowed to stand until the most of the pods
are turning ripe and then be cut with the mower,
reaper or scythe and be handled as carefully and
little as possible to avoid shelling the peas. Put
into cocks as soon as fairly drv and leave there to
cure out.

Soy beans, when grown for seed, are best cut
with a reaper and tied and set up in shocks like
irrain.

Sorghum should be cut like corn, but be allowed
to remain laid on the ground for several days to wilt
and largely cure before being shocked up. It is
a crop which does not spoil easily with the weather

and may remain in the field without loss for several
weeks if need be.

Millet should be cut before the seed forms. It
is at its best for hay when in bloom and should be
cured like a grass crop. By the end of the month
the corn crop intended for silage will be sufSciently
matured to cut and store. See that you have the silo
ready and the cutter and elevator, or better, the
blower, in place. Do not hurry the work of filling
the silo. Better silage is made and much more can
be put into the silo by filling slowly. Cut half a day
and fill half a day, thus giving opportunity for the
mass to settle and get up a good heat to expel the air.
There is no necessity for treading the silage or
weighting the top of the filled silo, as was formerly
thought necessary. All that is needed is to keep a
man or two in the silo when filling to see that the
corners and round the sides are kept well filled and
the cut ears distributed equally over the silo. When
full or the whole crop put in, cover with a foot of
freshly-cut marsh grass or chaff or cotton-seed hulls
or cut straw. Water this covering well and in a few
days it will be all matted together with mould, which
will effectually seal the silage and keep it good.

Tlie seeding of forage crops to provide winter
and spring grazing and for cutting for green feed in
the spring and for an early hay crop and to conserve
the fertility of the soil and improve the land for
next year's crops, should now be attended to. Crim-
son clover is one of the best of these crops. The
only drawback attending it is its liability to be killed
after germinating by the sun and drouth. As, how-
ever, it may be sowed from this time to the end of
September, or even the middle of October, there is
ample time within which to secure a stand. The
l:)est way to proceed is to sow an acre or two and
then wait a week and sow another acre or two and
so on until all the land available has been seeded. In
this way some part, if not all, will make a stand
and a crop, larger or smaller, will be secured. It is
too vahiable a crop as feed and for an improver of the
soil not to be worth some special effort to secure a
stand. We have known a crop of it to so improve a
piece of land as to make it produce from ten to
twenty bushels more of corn to the acre, and this,
after having served as pastiirage for a large number
of animals during- the winter and spring. Prepare
the land well and if poor give a dressing of 300
pounds of acid phosphate to the acre and sow twelve
to fifteen pounds of seed per acre. When seeding
this crop always sow with it about three-fourths of a
bushel of wheat and oats mixed and one pounds of

1903.]

THE SOUTHEKN PLANTEK.

491

Dwarf Essex rape per acre may also he sowed along
with the seed if the crop is only intended for pasture
and as an Improver. Where it is intended to be
cut for hay the rape should be omitted. A pound or
two of tnrnip seed per acre may also be sowed if de-
sired and will provide a nice crop of roots for winter
])nlling and feeding. The advantage of sowing this
mixed seeding is that if the clover should be killed
there will be sure to be something left to cover the
land during the winter- and thus conserve the fer-
tility of the soil and provide some humus making
matter to be turned down for the benefit of the fol-
lowing crop.

Another crop which shoiild not be overlooked is
hairy vetch. This should be seeded in August and
September and will make spring pasturage and a fine
hay crop, which can be cut in May and be followed
by corn or peas.. This is one of the leguminous crops
which add fertility to the soil and conserve the
land. Sow twenty pounds of seed to the acre on
woll-prepared land and sow witli it three-fourths of
a bushel of wheat and oats mixed. Harrow in and
if the land is dry roll. If the land is not in good
fertility apply 300 pounds of acid phosphate. It
makes an excellent pasture for hogs and cattle in the
early spring and will make a hay crop of from two
to three tons to the acre.

The work of preparing the land for the wheat and
winter oat crops should be commenced at once. Ex-
periments have fully demonstrated that the success
of these crops depends much more on the physical
and mechanical condition of the soil than upon the
fertilizer applied. In a series of rotation experi-
ments condvTcted recently in South Dakota, where
wheat has been grown after a great variety of differ-
ent crops and also after a summer fallow, diiring
which the land was continuously worked and brought
into a fine mechanical condition, the yield of the
wheat was greater after the fallow than after any
crop. Where wheat succeeded wheat the yield was
only a little over three bushels to the acre, whilst after
a summer fallow it was eighteen bushels to the acre.
Wheat grown after corn always made a better yield
than after a crop that was not cultivated, thus show-
ing that what is needed to secure a profitable gro\vth
of wheat is perfect preparation of the land so as to
make available the plant food in the soil. The yield
of wheat after corn was only about a third of a bushel
less per acre than after a summer fallow. Get the
plows into the fields intended to be sown with wheat
and oats as soon as possible and plough the land

deeply. Follow the ploAvs with the cultivator, har-
row and roller and keep these going over the land
every week or ten days until time to seed the crops.
The better and more frequently the land is worked
the better will be the yield. Let the land to be seeded
to winter oats receive first attention, as these to be
grown profitably — and they are, on an average of
years, the only oats which can be grown profitably
in the South — ought to be sown in September, whilst
wlieat should not be sown until after we have had a
frost or two, say, in October or November. The
essential for success in wheat growing is a fine,
deeply-broken seed bed, yet with a compact subsurface
and land free from weeds. By breaking at once and
frequent harrowing and cultivating these essentials
can be secured.

Turnips should be sown this monlh. To make the
heaviest yield they should be planted in drills 2 feet
6 inches apart and be thinned out after they have
made two or three leaves, so as to stand about nine
inches apart in the drill. The laud should be finely
broken and the seed be drilled in — about two pounds
to the acre — and be rolled with a light roller. If
,-own broadcast it will take three or four pounds of
seed per acre. Turnips, to make a heavy crop- — 'We
have made thirty tons to the acre — require heavy
fertilization. From ten to twenty tons of farm-yard
manure to the acre may be applied with advantage,
and in its absence, or even as a supplement to it,
400 or 500 pounds to the acre of acid phosphate
should be used. A crop of turnips makes such a
valuable addition to the winter rations of cattle, sheep
and hogs that an effort should be made to secure
them. With turnips, straw or corn fodder and a
pound of cotton-seed meal per head per day young
cattle can be carried through the winter in a con-
stantly improving condition.

Dwarf Essex rape should now be seeded for a fall,
winter and spring pasture for sheep and hogs. This
crop is one of the most valuable for these animals
and will make meat and growth very cheaply. Sow
two to four pounds to the acre bro^adcast on well-pre-
pared land and harrow lightly and roll. Let the
plants make a fair growth before turning stock on
to them, and do not graze too closely and they will
then continue to make growth all through the winter
and spring and provide constant pasturage.

Do not pull fodder, but wait until the corn is
glazed and dented and then cut up at the root and

492

THE SOUTHERN PLANTER.

[August

sliock to cure and thus save all the crojt, which has
c<ist labor and money to produce it. Pulling fodder
means wasting a large part of the crop and injuring
the vield of corn.

ALFALFA.

In recent issues we have strongly urged the growth
of this crop in the Southern States, and have most
satifactorv reports as to the success made in experi-
ment? with it in various sections. The only dis-
couraging report is that recorded in this issue from
South Carolina, where, in one case, a fungoid dis-
eae ha.s attacked the croj). Notwithstanding this we
still urge that efforts should be made to establish the
growth of alfalfa as one of the regular crops of the
southern farm. Its value as a feed asd sale crop
and the great yields which it makes for a series of
years on suitable land when once established, war-
rant* some risk being taken of its being now and
then and here and there attacked by this fungoid dis-
ease. Even if it should onlv stand one year it will in
its several cuttings, make a yield of hay three or
four times heavier than clover or any grass crop.
An tverage yield per year may be taken, on suitable
land, at 8.000 pounds of dried hay per acre. Ten
thousand pounds, and even more than this, has been
frequently cut. It should be cut when one-third of
the blooms have appeared. It is then richest in
feeding value. We are asked frequently as to grow-
ing it on poor land. In reply, we would say that it is
not a poor land crop. No plant producing such yields
as it does can be expected to flourish on poor land.
Experiments made at the ^linnesota Experiment
Station show that an average crop of 8,000 pounds
to the acre will remove from the soil 200 pounds of
potash, 98 pounds of phosphoric acid, 80 poimds of
lime and 32 pounds of magnesia. It, therefore, calls
for a soil rich in the mineral fertilizers, potash and
])hosphoric acid. The nitrogen it requires it obtains
from the atmosphere when once it is established and
the soil fully inoculated with the specific alfalfa bac-
teria. A suitable.fertilizer to apply as indicated by
this analysis of the plast food removed, would be 300
pounds ofmuriate of potash and .")00 pounds of acid
phosphate (14 per cent.) per acre. -This should be
applied broadcast some weeks before seeding and be
well worked into the land and an application of
lime — twenty-five bushels to the acre — should be also
made broadcast and well mixed with the soil. When
the crop is once well established it should be top

dressed each year with farm-yard manure, supple-
mented with 1 ."iO pounds of muriate of potash and 300
l)ounds of acid phosphate per acre to maintain the fer-
tility of the soil and sustain the draft upon the land
of the heavy crops which will be produced. We refer
our readers for further information as to the crop
to our articles in the June and July issues.

Since we wrote the foregoing we have had the
pleasure of a call from Dr. Stubbs, the director of
the Louisiana Experiment Station, who was on his
way to spend his vacation on the old family planta-
tios in Gloucester county, Va. This plantation the
Doctor is bringing into a highly fertile and profitable
condition under the management of his nephew. He
lias already a considerable acreage in alfalfa, some
of which has already stood for five years, and off
which he has this year cut already two hea\'y crops
with a third now ready for cutting. He finds that he
c;ni cut on the average four crops per year, each ave-
raging from one and a half to two tons to the acre.
T'or this hay he ha? a demand for all that he can
■rpare and finds it a most valuable sale crop, as well
as a feed crop for his stock. He intends to put at
least one third of the plantation into alfalfa as fast
as he can get the land into good enough order and
rich enough to grow it, and he will then be able to
carry a heavy head of live stock all the year round.
In summer he will cut the alfalfa and feed it to the
stock and in winter will feed the hay along with his
other roughage. We asked him about the fungoid
disease above referred to. He said that he had had
experience with it. It attacked one of his fields one
year, being brought, he believed, with the seed. As
soon as it was seen to be spreading he had the crop
cut down with the mower as close to the ground as
possible. The alfalfa was at once put up into lumps
and allowed to heat. This heating destroyed many
of the fungoid spores. The crop was then dried out
and then set on fire and biirned up completely, and
be had no further trouble with the disease. He has
also had "dodder" to attack the crop. This is a
parasite like the "dodder" which attacks clover, and
is brought into the field with the seed. The only
remedy is to cut the crop and burn it up as soon as
it is attacked and before seed is formed. The Doctor
i? emphatic in his opinion that neither the fungoid
disease nor any other hindrance should be allowed to
stand in the way of growing alfalfa. His experience
with the crop, both in Louisiana and in Virginia, is
large, and he is satisfied that it has in it elements of
more permanent value for the farm and the farmer
than any other crop whch can be produced.

1903.]

THE SOUTHERN PLANTER.

493

GRASS SEEDING.

For many years past, indeed ever since we have
edited this journal, we have been urging, m season
and out of season, that Southern farmers should
itrow grass and forage crops for hay and pasture and
for the permanent improvement of their farms. Ex-
perience the world over has shown that only those
countries which have made these crops a leading
f.ictor in their systems of agriculture have tiecome
jiermanently agriculturally prosperous. Without
these crops it is absolutely impossible to carry live
stock on the farm with profit, and without live stock
no system of farming can, in the long run, result in
anything but the ruin of the land and of those owning
and farming it. The months of .'Vugust and Sep-
tember being the time of the year when grasses can
be sown in the South with the greatest probability of
success, we propose to say something on the proper
method of proceeding in order to secure a good stand.
At the outset let us say that statistics go to show that
the South is making progTess in grass growing. The
value of the hay crop on the farm in Maryland, Vir-
ginia, North and South Carolina was, in 1902,
$14,280,220. This nearly equalled the value of the
A'.heat crop in those States in the same year, which
was $15,285,225. It was nearly three times the
value of the oat crop in those States. The average
value of the hay crop per acre in those States in
1902 was $14.98; that of wheat was $6.41; corn,
$10.87 ; oats, $7.94. When the cost of producing the
crop of hay is compared with the cost of producing
any of these cereals, it will be seen how much more
profitable it is to grow hay. But this does sot ex-
haust the advantages. In producing grass and hay
not only is there a large saving in labor, but there
is at the same time a large conservation of the fer-
tility of the land and permanent improvement of the
farm. Another great factor is that the hay crop can
practically be made to a very great extent a sale crop,
for which there is an unlimited demand in the
large cities of the Soi:th, a demand which the South
does not begin to satisfy, as hundreds of car loads
of Western and Northern hay are shipped into the
South every year. Growing forage crops at the same
time as the hay crop sets the hay free to be sold, and
yet permits of the keeping of a heavy head of live
■^tock, which can be profitably carried on the forage
crops alone or siipplemented with a little cotton-seed
meal. The average yield per acre of hay in the South
is nearly as large as that of the Northern and West-
ers States, whilst the average value per ton is greater
than in most of those States. We know farmers who

have been selling hay nearly all last winter and du-
ring the spring at from $18 to $20 per ton on the
farm. With such an opening and prospect before
him it is time for the southern farmer to cease kill-
ing gTass and go to prodiicing hay and permanent
pasture. The essentials for success in growing grass
are rich, finely-prepared land, the seeding at the best
time with proper varieties of grass, the seeding of
grass alone without a grain crop and the keeping of
stock off the newly-seeded land until a dense sod
has been secured. One of the gi'eat causes of failure
to seciire a stand of grass is land inadequately pre-
pared for the crop and not made rich enough. Whilst,
grasses are shallow-rooted plants it is essential to their
success that land shall be deeply broken in order that
the soil may be capable of holding a reserve of moist-
ure to meet the needs of the crop during a dry time
;ind over a series of years. It is also essential that
there should be an abundance of available plant food
in the soil, and nothing so much conduces to the avail-
ability of this food as repeated cultivation of the
land so as to secure that to the depth broken the soil
should be in as finely a broken condition as possible.
Grasses will not germinate and grow well unless the
soil is so finely broken as that the seeds are closely
surrounded wth fine soil into which the tiny rootlets
can make their way and absorb the plant food. This
deep breaking should be followed by the cultivator
and i-oller until the seed bed can be made no finer.
Grasses call for all the elements of plant food, there-
fore a complete fertilizer should be applied. Where
barn-yard manure can be had no better fertilizer can
be iised as the basis for the fertilization. This, how-
ever, can be usefully and profitably supplemented
with acid phosphate or bone meal and possibily with
some potash, though if lime has been, or is, applied to
the land this may, in most sections of this State, be
omitted, as there is a reserve of potash in most of our
soils which only requires to be made available by the
use of lime. Our own experience is strongly in favor
of the use of bone meal as a permanent fertilizer for
grass. It is slower in its action than acid phosphate,
but more lasting. Where acid phosphate is used it
should be supplemented with some nitrate of soda,
though we would not apply more than 50 or 75
pounds to the acre at seeding, and would top dress the
st.and in the spring with another 75 pounds after
Ihe grass has commenced to grow. Apply 500 pounds
to the acre of acid phosphate or bone meal before
needing and work this well into the soil. The variety
and quantity of seed to be sown is an important point.
Tf the field is intended for a meadow then onlv those

494

THE SOUTHEKX PLAXTEK.

[August

varieties should be seeded which mature at the same
time. If intended for a pasture the greater the
varietv seeded within reasonable limits the better, as
this will prolong the grazing period from spring to
fall. The grasses in a pasture should keep succeed-
ing each other all through the grazing season, and in
the South this practically means all throiigh the year.
At the foot of this article we give particulars of varie-
ties of grasses to be sown on difFerent soils for
These different ])urposes. We are strongly in favor of
heavy seeding. We would never sow less than two
bushels ot seed to the acre, and prefer two and a half,
except in the case of timothy, when seeded alone,
when a peck is sufficient. The majority of the grass
seeds are so small and so liable to be of uncertain
germinating power, owing to climatic conditions at
blooming time, that it is never safe to rely upon light
seeding. To be valuable a meadow or a pasture should
as quickly as possible be covered with a dense sod.
This can only certainly be secured by the use of
plenty of seed. Sow the seed broadcast — half one
way of the field and half across the first seeding.
Harrow in with a light harrow and then roll. Do not
sow any grain crop with the grass. The practice of
seeding grain with grass is one not adapted to the
South. It succeeds in the North and in England,
from which country it was introduced here, but the
climate there is very different from here. Here, in-
stead of being a" "nurse crop." it is a robber crop,
depriving the grass seeds of the moisture and plant
food which they need and causing the growth to be
spindling and weak and then just when shade is most
essential the grain is cut and the grass perishes in
the hot weather. Sown alone the grasses make a
strong, vigorous growth and are gradually inured to
the heat of the sun and go through the hot weather
without injury, if only there be sufficient moisture
in the soil. Iti thus advising seeding grasses alone
we speak from experience. We have tried both ways
many times, and whilst we have often failed when
seeded with grain, we never failed to secure a stand
when the grasses were sown alone or only with clover.
We are in favor of seeding some clover with al! grass
seeds, except, timothy, which always sells best when
clear timothy alone. The clover helps to make a
heavier crop the first year before the grasses are
thoroughly established and in the decay of its roots
in subsequent years makes food for the grass. Sow
the clover at the same time as the grass and not in
the spring. If the fall seeding is killed out it may
be resown in the spring. When grass is sown alone
a crop may usually be cut the first year in the early

fall. Xo stock, except it may be sheep or calves,
should be pastured on the grass the first year, and
these should not be allowed to be on the land when it
is wet. Pasturing with heavy cattle or horses before
the grasses have made a good root-hold and the sod
i> thickening, is certain to result in permanent injury.

Grass seed mixture for a meadow on good loam
,Qil. — Orchard grass, tall meadow oat grass, meadow
fescue, perennial rye, red top.

Grass seed mixture for permanent pasture on good
loam soil. — Tall meadow oat grass, Virginia blue-
crass, orciiard grass, perennial rye, red top, Kentucky
Ijlue, meadow fescue.

Sow with the meadow mixture six pounds of red
(;lover per acre, or alsike clover.

Sow with the pasture mixture five pounds of red
(liver and five pounds of white clover.

ALFALFA.

Editor .ioidhern Planter:

If it is not asking too much will you please give
me some information about a piece of "alfalfa
clover" tliat I prize very highly. It was seeded the
first of last September on a piece of rich, loamy soil
that had been freed of weeds. It was twenty -seven
inches high the l.")th of last December, and I cut it at
that time, as you advised me to do. I have ctit two
crops of hay off it this spring and it is now about
iwenty-six inches high .o.nd beginning to bloom. After
cutting it the last time I top dressed it with fertilizer
(2-8-2 goods) at the rate of about 600 pounds to the
acre. I find now that here and there the leaves and
stalks are turning yellow and dying. I have ex-
atiiined it carefully, but cannot find any insect or
parasite preying upon it. Any information or ad-
\ice you may give me will be very much appreciated.

The rapidity of its growth in dry weather was
dimply wonderful. It grew, by actual measurement,
sixteen inches in eleven days during the dry spell
we had in May. Dr. G. H. Fixch.

Mecldenhurg county, Va.

When we received the foregoing communication
we wrote Dt. Finch that we thought it probable that
the trouble he complained of was caused by the wet
weather of .lune. The alfalfa plant is easily injured
l-y water standing or wet vegetable matter lying upon
the plants. These cause the crowns of the roots to
decay and the plant then soon dies. We have known
one or two good stands to be lost from these causes,
hence the importance of seeing that land seeded to
;iifalfa has good drainage, and that after the crop is
ciifit is quickly made into hay and got off the field.

1903.]

THE SOUTHERN PLANTER.

495

If the hay is caught in a wet season and cannot be
quickly dried, it should be hauled off the field to the
barn yard and be made into manure and thus save
the plants, which will give another crop to take the
place of the lost one in a month or five weeks. Since
we wrote Dr. Finch we have received the following
communications from another subscriber, Mr. Rod-
dey, of Rock Hill. S. C, which may explain the
irouble. We trust, however, that this is not so, as we
should regret to know that the disease mentioned is
]:.revalent in these South Atlantic States. We have
known several good stands of alfalfa in this section
which have stood for a number of years, and heard of
no indications of the disease. Mr. Roddey says :

I have read with a great deal of interest your ar-
ticle in the Soutttterx Pj.axtenk of July, 1903,
and as T am intei'ested in alfalfa, it occurs to me to
give you the benefit of my recent experience. T have
about an acre of alfalfa, from which two good cut-
ting's have been secured this year. Quite recently it
appears to have been attacked by a fungus disease,
and I sen* some specimens of the diseased alfalfa to
the Department of Agriculture at Washington, and
enclosed you will find a copy of the letter which I
received in reply to my communication relative to
the subject. Quite a number of our farmers pro
posed planting alfalfa this fall, and quite a local en
thusiasm has been manifested in its growth. The
department's letter, however, is a knockout blow and
we are somewhat at a loss to know how to proceed
further, ^fy present idea is to discontinue its culti-
vation and to advise my friends who intended grow-
ing it that in view of the fungus disease which has
appeared, it would probably be best to go slow in
.".ny further experiments in its growth.

Copy of letter referred to :

W.\.«iii>:o-rox, D. C, July 6, I'.iOo.

.V/-. ir. L. Roddey. Tiock Hill, S. C:

Df.ai; Sti!. — Your letter of the 1st instant with the
accompanying specimens of diseased alfalfa has
been referred to this ofhce. An examination of the
specimens shows that they are badly attacked by a
fungus disease generally called leaf-spot, known to
botanists as pseudopeziza medicaqinis (Lib.) Sacc.
This disease has been reported from several States,
especially in the East, and has proved pai-ticularlv
troublesome in some parts of Delaware, where some
experiments have been carried on in treating it.
Thus far, however, no satisfactory remedy has been
found. Tt is possible that some benefit m.ay be de-
rived from a thorough treatment with Bordeaux mix-
lure if commenced early in the spring before the
plants are attacked. Where the plants have become
so badly diseased tliat there is no hope of curing them,

it would probably be best to burn the field and plant
it to some other crop. Very truly yours,

(Signed) ('. L. Sue.vr, Pnthologisi.

HESSIAN FLY.

As is the case in almost every year, we have this
year had complaints of "fly" in the wheat from
various sections of this and the adjoining States.
Xow is the time of the year when effective steps can
bo taken for lessening the risk of damage from this
pest. If every farmer would act now the damage
could be reduced to the very smallest proportions,
but if only an isolated farmer here and there takes
the proper steps, whilst some good may be done, no-
thing like extermination can result. Each farmer
should at once plough a bed of land across a field
and sow it with wheat ; very soon after it becomes
green with the young plants if any Hessian flies are
.nbout they will settle upon it and lay their eggs.
When the strip is thoroughly infested with the flies
plough the crop down deep and roll the land. This
will bury and destroy the flies and their eggs, and
then if the seeding of the wheat crop be deferred
iiiitil after we have had a sharp frost very little fear
of damage need be apprehended from this source.
^Vhere only one or two farmers in a section adopt
this course only partial relief can be secured, as the
flies will be bred on one farm and make their way
to others. Urge your neighbors to join you in this
campaign.

OATS TURNING TO CHEAT.

Kditor Southern Planiei-:

In the last issue of the Planter a subscriber asks,
"Will gray winter oats turn to cheat ?" You reply
that neither oats nor wheat nor any other kind of
grain will turn to cheat or chess.

!Now, Mr. Editor, I am aware that your answer
is in conformity with the prevailing opinion of bota-
nists and scientists. However, in the light of recent
experiments by horticulturists and others upon va-
rious shrubs and plants in the way of hybridizing, the
iheoretical deductions of past scientists have fre-
quently come to grief.

I will say for the benefit of your subscribers that
cheat, Or chess fBromus secaliiius), is a hybrid (or
like a hybrid) of the order Graminacea?, originating
from the changed conditiori of the organization of
cither wheat or oats, and perhaps other grains, 'and
thereafter, like many otliei- hybrids, retaining the
power nf projiaaration.

496

THE SOTJTHERX PLAXTER.

[August

All this may be demonstrated by seeding to either
fall wheat or oats a plat where excessive water and
iVost in the latter part of winter shall so nearly ex-
haust the vitality as to change the organism of the
plant, yet not quite destroy it. ^fany of the plants
ivill show up chess v.'hen headed.

I COM call to mind several instances in niv memory
where I have seen this, and also several examples of
v.hont and chess gro^vn on the same root and very
'■iiiefntly examined to see that no mistake was made.

)'or],- roiiiily. Va. B. F. Wright.

We would like to have the opinion nf some of our
specialists on plant breeding on this qiiestion. The
best authorities wo know are entirely opposed to the
idea that one plant can change into another. They
stand by the doctrine that "like produces like." We
ijrant the possibility of such a combination of un-
favorable circumstances as may cause a plant or an
animal to degenerate into a wretched specimen of the
original and true type of the species or breed, but
that such degeneracy should caxise a change so arreat
as to make the species or breed a perfect plant or
animal of another kind is beyond our conception.
Bromvs secaiinis (cheat or chess) is a distinct botani-
cal species of grass reproducing itself truly gene-
ration after generation and showing little or no varia-
tion in type. So also are wheat and oats. They all
belong to one great botanical family, and it is beyond
our comprehension that any one of them should,
under any circumstances, change so as to become a
] erfect plant of another member of the same family.
If wheat and oats can change to cheat, why not cheat
change to wheat or oats. Such a change has never
yet been recorded so far as we know. Hybridization
has, no doubt, produced some strange freaks, but
it is, we believe, an essential in all eases of hybridi-
zation of plants that there should be a cross fertiliza-
tion of the pollen of the flowers. Contrary to this
principle the claimed change or hybridization of
wheat or oats to cheat occurs in winter when there is
no pollen or flowers on either plant. — En.

VETCH, COW PEA, AND SOY BEAN HAY AS SUB-
STITUTES FOR WHEAT BRAN.

The object of the feeding experiments herein de-
scribed was to ascertain whether hay m^de from hairy
vetch, cow peas and soy beans could be advan-
tageously substituted for most of the wheat bran in
the ration of dairy cows.

The following values per ton were used in calcu
la ting the cost of food:

Wheat bran, $20.00; vetch hay, $10.00; cow pea
hay, $10.00 ; cotton seed, $12.00 ; cotton seed meal,
$20.00 ; cotton seed hulls, $5.00.

Vetch hay proved fully equal in feeding value to a
similar weight of wheat bran. By this substitution
the cost of the food required to make a pound of but-
ter was reduced 25 per cent., which is equivalent to a
monthly saving of $22.20 in a herd of twenty cows.

With the vetch ration the cost of food for one
pound of butter averaged 10 cents in contrast with
13.4 cents when wheat bran was fed.

The waste in feeding vetch hay was, with most
cows, about 6 per cent, of the amount offered and
\\ ith cow pea hay about IG per cent. ; the latter resi-
due being useless, is charged as a part of the ration.

That portion of the cow pea hay actually eaten
proved fully equal in feeding value to a similar
weight of wheat bran. Charging the cows with all
the cow pea hay offered them, we find that cow pea
hay had Sf> per cent, of the feeding value of wheat
bran, one ton of this hay being eq\ial to 1,720 pounds
of wheat bran.

\¥lien wheat bran was worth $20 per ton cow pea
hay was worth $17.20, and vetch hay $20.00.

The monthly profits per cow were $4.65 on the
vetch ration and $4.35 on the cow pea ration.

One of the Jersey cows used in this test produced
butter at a cost for food of only S 1-3 cents per pound,
\\i)cn fed on the vetch ration.

Running cow pea hay through a feed cutter did not
decrease the waste in feeding this food.

Four and a half per cent, more butter was pro-
duced with soy bean hay than with cow pea hay, if
we take account of the portion of each actually eaten ;
however, a larger proportion of the coarse stems of
the soy bean hay was left uneaten.

When corn hearts was substituted for wheat bran
the yield of butter was increased by 8 per cent.

J. F. DUGGAE,

Afp-icuUvrist Alabama Eccperiment Station.

BORERS.

One pint of carbolic acid, five gallons of wliitewash,
•me |>ound of sulphur, half ])ound of salt, one quart
of soap — used in Georgia largely for peach trees, and
jirevents borers. T'se just before the trees bloom.
Dig around the ti-ee close to the body, exposing the
roots slightly, and apply the wash from roots to crotch
of tree. The scent of the acid remains three months.
\\'hen this wash is used, one never has any trouble
with wormy preaches, the scent probably keeping
cnroulios awav.

1903.]

THE SOUTHERN PLANTEE.

497

■^.<

m^^.&^^-J^\,

CLOVER IN EASTERN VIRGINIA.

Editor tSuidhern Planter:

Ir is generally agreed and understood by tillers of
The i-iA\ that clover is the best friend the farmer has
ill i!ie line of grasses. The general idea and verdict
is, liiat if clover will grow, and there be a substantial
snbsoil, such land can be easily brought up to a high
state of cultivation, and to a great degree of produc-
tiveness. In short, nearly everybody has a good
word and kindly feeling for clover on the farm.

In my correspondence and conference with people
from the East, West and jSTorth , T find the idea
generally prevailing that clover will not do well in
the South. This seems to be the general opinion.

How this idea gets its hold Tipon so many people
I cannot say; but presume it may be from the fact
;hat clover is not more generally grown in the South.

Then, too, in some portions of the South the soil
may be too poor, and the subsoil too light, or the dry
.spells in summer too long, or the winter frosts too
severe.

But none of these causes or drawbacks can be
urged against the growing of clover down here in
Kastern Virginia. The soil is of alluvial character,
very friable, easy to cultivate and the subsoil is a
good, substantial clay.

The coldest dro]) of the thermometer very seldom

gets below 20 degrees above zero, and the summer
months are liberally supplied with rains. The
monthly average rainfall for July and August during
the past thirty-three years being almost six inches
jer month, and, as a result our pastures and meadows
are about as gTeen in July and August as in April,
^[ay and Juoe.

The one lone Jersey cow, shown in the accom-
panying cut, seems to have a government contract
under her feet to keep down the volunteer groAvth
of white and red clover on a ten acre patch of land,
which, only a year ago, was in potatoes.

In March, 1902, potatoes were planted where the
cow now stands. In -June and early July, 1902, the
potatoes were dug and the surface smoothed down a
little with the harrow. At once the crabgrass took
full possession of the potato patch, and in October,
1902, one and one-half tons of crabgi-ass to the acre
wn? cut and stacked for consumption on the farm.

In the mean time the owner having sold his farm
to a syndicate to be cut up into little five acre garden
farms, did not touch this plat, and when we took our
pl'otograph, about the middle of May, 1903, the
(l.i\cr covered the ground almost completely — a vol-
unteer crop. This shows how rapidly the clover
i-oiiies in and occupies the land where it is given a
I'hance and where the soil is in fair condition.

This old Jersey, np to her eyes in clover, is the

498

THE SOUTHERX PLANTER.

[August

onlj cloven-hoofed animal on a 500-acre farm, ex-
(.■e])ting, perhaps, a venerable old "Billv goat."

All a man has to do here is to keep some stock
i-n the farm and let the clover seed get into the
iiiannre heap and get scattered over the farm, and
it will come up here, there and everywhere, often
getting where it is not wanted, as our truckers class
clover as a "weed." So it is often a weed, as the
definition of a weed is a "plant out of place."

Our people do not like clover in the potatoes or
corn or in the berry fields. They root it up and dig
lit up yhcn it gets in the way, and do not seem to
i;nderstand that, properly cared for, and encouraged,
and permitted to grow it would soon lift the mortgage
cir every farm in Eastern Virginia.

1 long to see the day when we shall see clover
fields and herds of Jersey cows on every farm in
Virginia, It ^\'as a beautiful view, this May morn-
ing, ti. see this fine Jersey cow in the clover field.
The ;\in shining warm and genial, the bees indus-
triously at work at the clover blossoms, a light haze
Letween us and the distant woodland, the song of
birds, the shouts and laughing of the berry pickers in
the adjoining fields, making a combination of sights
and s-ounds vory jile.iBant to the senses.

When Virginia is once properly settled and farmed
it will lead the entire country. We should grow
cl 'V(M'— plenty of it — red, white, mammotli and crim-
£on.

'J'here should be a herd of cows and clover fields
on every farm. Why not ? Nature encourages and
permits, and the markets demand.

Whj not raise the clover and the cows ?

Norfolk; Va. A. Jeffers.

CHEAT OR CHESS.

Editor Southern Planter:

I noticed in the July Pla.ntki: the question asked
if oats will turn to cheat. This question was dis-
cussed for years by my father and myself, my
father contending that cheat was a grain of itself and
was not a degenerated grain, whilst I maintained
a contrary opinion. I thought I brought ample proof
to sustain my views, but could not convince him.
After his death I saw a case that I think would have
coniix'lled him to give up his view. The case was
this:

Mr. William lirt'ckman, a neighbor of mine in
I.ouisa county, had been sowing winter oats for a
number of years. They became so filthy with cheat
and cockle he concluded he would sow them in the

spring so as to cleanse them. He sowed in the spring
two years and got them perfectly clean of all cheat
and cockle. He then sowed them in the fall. (I saw
them e\ery few days from the time they were seeded
until cut.) They stood the winter well. When they
began to head I noticed that the first heads were all
cheat. I thought that it was owing to some cheat
that was in the land and being a volunteer crop
was earlier than the oats and that later the oats
would head, but to my surprise the whole crop was
cheat. T do not think I would put it too strong to
say there was not a head of oats to a thousand of
cheat. Mr. Broekman cut the crop for hay, and
i" was as fine a crop as you generally see. The
crop that came up after the cheat was cut was oats.

These facts can be proven by as good and honest
farmers as you will find in this section. This has
]n-oven to me what I have always known, that cheat
is a degenerated grain, not only of oats, but of wheat
:is M-ell.

Now, ilr. Editor. I do not write this to try and
change your views in the matter, biit if there is any
one who doubts this let him sow winter oats twice in
the spring then sow them in the fall and he will see,
to his sorrow, the truthfulness of my statement.

Orange county, Va. J. II. Ei.i.is.

In this issue will be found some further remarks
bv us on this subject in replv to a communication. —
Ed.

THE INADEQUACY OF THE PREVAILING METHOD
OF APPLYING FERTILIZERS THROUGHOUT
THE COTTON STATES.

Kditor Southern. Planter:

Over and over again I have been confronted with
the question, Do fertilizers impoverish land ? and
just as often as T am asked the question, just that
often I answer it both in the affirmative and in the
negative.

Fertilizers apjilied in an improper manner are
liable to impoverish even the very richest of soils.

T have repeatedly stated the fact heretofore that
the chemical fertilizers — nitrogen, phosphoric acid
and potash — put in the very best work of which they
are capable in correcting known deficiencies in the
^oil.

■2. Tm bringing nbout an increased yield of a
cash or sale crop, let the crop be what it may.

:]. To fertilize the crop that is to be used strictly
for recuperative fertilizing purposes.

T know very well that it is popular just at this

1903.]

THE SOUTHERJSr PLANTER.

499

present time to transpose this arrangement of mine
and place the last-named use of the chemical ferti-
lizers first, in front and on top all the time.
. Xow. I have no kick to make ahout which method
of use of these all important agents is of the greatest
importance to any individual farmer. The point I
■\vi?h to make and emphasize is that the prevailing
nii'thod of using fertilizers, as invariably used
throughout the entire South by the average user of
fertilizers, is utterly and entirely inadequate to sub-
serve either one of the above named three uses.

T refer to the customary, reprehensible, yet, un-
fortunately, widespread habit, that has somehow or
otlier gained hold, of applying 200 pounds of a low-
grade fertilizer per acre, said low-grade fertilizer
analyzing about S-2-2.

These 8-2-2 goods are not adapted to the ueeds of a
cotton crop on any soil : not adapted to a corn crop
on any soil : not adapted to a vegetable crop on any
soil : not ada))ted to even a cow pea or clover crop,
nor any other leguminous or renovating crop of any
Iriud. T fancy T hear one say. If this is the case, why
is fu'^h a fertilizer manufactured * To this I would
an'^wer : In order to cater to the popular demand for
a '"fancied" cheap fertilizer. Even if the fertilizer
was the fertilizer par excellence for the crops (cot-
ton or corn) for which it is put up and sold, which
it is not, 200 pounds of it applied per acre is utterly
and entirely inadequate to either fiirnish said crops
of cotton and corn with a sufficiency of plant food
to ensure even good, much less best, results, and also
utterly and entirely inadequate to even maintain,
much less increase, the fertility of the soil. This
l>rings me again to the question, Do fertilizers im-
poverish land '. To this query I would answer : It
is not that which is applied to the soil that impover-
ishes soil, but that which is withlield from it. The
fertility iif millions of acres has become exhausted
Xorth, East and West, as well as in the South. Was
it the application of chemical fertilizers that caused
their exhaustion ' Not at all, for not an ounce of
fevtiiizer of any kind was ever applied to them at
any time. What, then, is the cause of their exhaus-
tion \ It was caused by the annual taking off of
everything possible from the soil and never putting
anything back. Not satisfied with the destruction
of fertility brought about by this system of wholesale
spoliation, for the accommadation of a Mustang pony,
as well as for the ease of the soil tiller, the residue,
after both man and animals have gotten off all they
possibly could utilize, is set fire to and burned.

Manv tons of fertilizer are anmiallv sold of even

a lower grade than the 8-2-2 goods, analj'zing 8-lJ-l.
It is needless to state that either of these are entirely
too low a grade to either be sold, bought or used. It
is through a very costly ignorance that farmers can
1)6 prevailed on to use them at all. This deplorable
ignorance aimually costs the farmers more than suffi-
cient to obtain a thorough, practical education along
this line that would be ample to prevent his being
imposed upon by dealers who often are as ignorant
as the farmer himself of the general principles that
underlie the truly scientific (hence intelligent, judic-
ious, rational and profitable) system of fertilization.
The manufacturers make money on them, pandering
to the popular demand for something cheap. The
dealers are going to so handle them to make money
on them anyhow, while the plants starve on any such
an insufficient, innutritions diet; the lands are con-
tinually growing poorer under their use, and the
poor, deluded farmer has to bear all the losses, while,
unfortunately, the blame for this condition of things
lies with himself exclusively. Through his own neg-
ligence he is forced to furnish the feathers for the
other fellows to fea1:her their nests with. A little
study on the part of the soil tiller would so change
the face of things os to make the fertilization of the
various cultivated crops a never ending source of
satisfaction, profit and delight.

"A thing of beauty is a joy forever." A judicious
svstem of fertilization would undoubtedly make the
"thing of beauty" just as surely as liberal and judic-
ious feed and intelligent care and painstaking will
make a beautiful cow, horse, ox or hog. A yield per
acre of 5 bales of cotton ; 100 or \ipward bushels of
corn; 150 bu.shels of oats; 60 bushels of wheat; 6
tons of hay ; 700 bushels of potatoes, etc., etc., have
often been, and could still oftener be, obtained by
judicious (which means economical) fertilization. It
is false economy to buy low-grade goods at any price.
There is no true economy in it. The best of anything
and everything is none too good, and the best is al-
ways the cheapest in the end, regardless of price.

By applying 200 poimds of low-grade 8-2-2
goods per acre one applies but 16 pounds phosphoric
acid, 4 pounds ammonia and 4 pounds of potash per
aci-e. Now, if any of my farming brethren will
show a single cultivated crop that will abstract this
amount from the soil and no more and still make a
profitable crop ; or, if any one, let him be whom he
may, can show that this compound or combination is
adapted to cotton or corn, or any other crop for
which it may be recommended and so adapted, that
"hest," or even "good," results may be reasonably

500

THE SOUTHERN PLANTER.

[August

expected therefrom. T will agree to give that party
my head for a foot-hall, or to be branded for an igno-
ramus to the end of my days, or to he dumped off
into the nearest creek with a rock around mv neck
and say "here goes nobody." A fertilizer analyzing
S-.j-o or 10-.3-4 and from 500 to 1,-200 pounds ap-
plied per acre will, when coupled with deep prepara-
tion and thorough culture, ensure best — i. e.. most
protitable — results. This being the case, this latter
seemingly very liberal application is. in fact, the
most economical application that can be made, for
the reason that it gives the greatest profit or largest
cash returns.

An applicatimi of less than 600 pounds per acre
of even as high grade as above, tends to impoverish,
instead of enriching, the soil, as in this case the fer-
tilizer acts somewhat as a stimulant and causes the
plant to withdraw from the soil more plant food than
the applied fertilizer furnishes.

To this extent, and to this extent only, do the
chemical or commercial fertilizers actually impover-
ish soils, "^^essrs. Lawes and Gilbert, of Rotham-
stead, England, after upward of a half century's ex-
perience in their use. summarize results by stating
that: 1. ''Complete fertilizers are not exhaustive,
and land '•an be kept permanently fertile by their
use. -2. Heavy applications of fertilizers are the
most profitable." This is also the experience of all
those who have used them extensively in this country.

Burgess. .V/.s-.s. G. Ji. Tuknee. '

."). If it would be advisable to sow land in cow
peas before seeding it with alfalfa ?

(5. What soil is adapted to the growth of Dwarf
Essex rape for fall, winter and spring grazing for
hogs ?

7. How should the land be prepared for same?

Amelia county, Va. G. C. A.

In our articles in June, July and this issue we
iiavc, we think, fully covered all the questions asked
by our correspondent as to alfalfa. We refer him
to these.

In this issue we give advice as to sowing Dwarf
Ess^ex rape. A fertile loam soil is the best for this
crop, though it will often do well on heavier land if
well prepared and in good fertility. Any soil that
will grow turnips or cabbages will grow rape. — Ed.

ENQUIRERS' COLUMN.

En(iuirie.s shoul.i be sent to the otlit-e of The Southern Plan-
ter, Richmond, Va , not hiter than the 15th of the month for
repHes to appear iu the next month's issue.

Alfalfa.

Having read a great deal about alfalfa in the
Pt.a.vter, I have become interested enough to try it,
especially for grazing for hogs in spring and early
summer. Would like to have answers to the follow-
ing questions in your next issue :

1. On what kind of soil will it grow, and if it will
grow on comparatively poor land well manured and
fertilized ?

2. What kind of commercial fertillizer should be
used in connection with stable manure ?

.'?. Where could the bacteria-infected --oil be got-
ten : how applied and how much per acre?

4. How should the land be ordered and what time
slii.iild the alfalfa be sown?

Cattle With Sore Eyes.

T liave noticed .several of my cattle with sore eyes,
and a great deal of water runs from the eye, and it
looks as though it was blind. The cattle have good
pasture and there are some woods they car. go to. Is
it probable that some poisonous weed has gotten into
the eye ? Will you kindly let me know what to do
and if it is a disease is it a dangerous one ?

Warren county, V a. E. C. Gatewood.

This looks very like a case of specific ophthalmia.
This generally appears in an enzootic form and
a.'Tocts a number of the cattle at the same time. It is
characterized by a muco-purulent discharge of the
e;.es, an intense degree of inflammation, swelling of
vlic eyelids and opacity of the cornea, making the
a.uhnals appear blind. There is a constant flow of
tears, sometimes streaked with blood. The un-
affected animals should be at once removed to another
location possessing a different character of soil, feed
and water. Those affected should be housed in a
cool, dark stable and be supplied with plenty of
fresh water to drink and be fed on soft, succulent
feed. Give a dose of one pound of Epsom salts to
each sick animal in two or three pints of water. Give
tincture of veratrum veride every two hours in
thirty drop doses and half an ounce of saltpeter three
times a day. For an eye wash use boracic acid, one
drachm, and pour four ounces of boiling water over
it. Use this frequently, applying it directly to the
eve. — Ed.

Cement for Walls.

In the June issue a reference was made to cement
walls for an ice-house. How M-ould same do for a
liouse cellar wall and for well curbing in place of
brick ? If good, please state what thickness of wall

1903.]

THE SOUTHERN PLANTER.

501

would be best ? What proportion of cement and sand
wonid give best results. Could ordinary field- stones
be used as a filler ?

Please suggest a way of building same.

S potsylvania comity^ Va. Concrete.

See reply to Subscriber as to concrete building in
this issue. The concrete will make a good wall.
3fakt' the wall nine inches thick. — Ed.

Concrete Buildings.

Can vfiu oblige me by giving some information
through your Inquirer's Column concerning the con-
struction of farm buildings out of a mixture of air-
slacked lime, sand, gravel and stones ?

T understand that most masons use unglackied
lime, but I have heard that air-slacked lime has been
used in some cases.

('an you tell me what proportion of lime should be
used and just how the mixture should be prepared to
put in the wall so that it will not crumble ? Can
such a wall be built so that it will not be damp on
the inside ? Will slate stone put into the wall pre-
\-ent moisture from going through?

Any information on these subjects will be very
gratefully received by Suesceibee.

Spotsylvania county, Va.

Buildings for all farm purposes, and even for dwel-
lings, can be erected with concrete. They are prac-
tically indestructible and are damp proof. They are
laygely biiilt in some parts of the North and in Can-
ada. Neither air-slacked nor water-slacked lime can,
ho'vever, be used for this purpose. Tlie material
used to bind the sand and stone together must be
cement. The buildings are erected by mixing the
slone. sand and cement into a mortar .and pouring
this into wooden moiilds. These moulds are fixed
on the site of the building and when filled are allowed
TO stand until the concrete has set and are then
raised and again filled until the height of the wall
iias been built. The proportions for good concrete
aix. for one cubic yard : Crushed rock, 27 cubic feet ;
gravel, 13 cubic feet; coarse sand, 6 cubic feet;
cement, 3 cubic feet. — Ed.

Alfalfa.

Would you advise sowing alfalfa clover in the
fall, and at what time for this section ? Can you
inform me where infected soil may be obtained ?
What fertilizer would you advise for alfalfa on land
where red clover sod has been turned under ?

Albemarle county. Va. H. R. Boswell.

See our reply to G. C. A. in this issue. In all
sections where it is safe to sow red clover in the fall

alfalfa may be there sown at that time and this would
cover your section. Sow as soon as you can get the
land ready so that good root-hold will be obtained
before winter sets in. Use acid phosphate on the
clover sod, 300 to 500 pounds to the acre. In the
mountain sections of the western part of this State it
will be better to sow in the spring, as the winters are
often severe enough to kill out any of the clovers. —
Ed.

Seeding Winter Oats.

Can you advise sowing winter oats on corn land
well prepared as for wheat, or would it be too late
for oats ? We cannot be ready before the last week
in September. C. A. S.

Culpeper county, Va.

If the oats can be gotten in in September they may
be sown with a good prospect of success. — Ed.

Plant for Name.

I enclose specimen root and flowering branch of a
plant which seems to propagate itself freely in this
section. It is relished by stock, both in the green and
cured states. An identification will be greatly ap-
preciated. Suesceibee.

Loxvdnes county. Miss.

The plant from Columbus, Miss., sent for identifi-
cation, is Prairie Mimosa — acuan illincensis.

This plant is native from South Dakota to Florida
and Texas. It is more abundant in the southern part
of its range. It belongs to the mimosa family, but is
not a true mimosa. So far as I can learn it has not
heretofore been regarded as a forage plant of any
particular value, but if stock eat it with relish, and
without any ill effects, as stated, it is doubtless of
some value as a pasture plant.

Lystee H. Dewey,
Botanist in Charge of Fiber Plants.

Department of Agriculture, Washington, D. C.

Plant for Name.

The enclosed plant is springing up after wheat in
Franklin county thick and flourishing. Can you tell
me what it is and if of any value as a fertilizer?
Stock will not eat it. W. H. Woekman.

Boanohe county, Va.

The plant sent for identification is Bracted Plan-
tain— Plantago aristata.

Lystee H. Dewey,
Botanist in Charge of Fiber Plants.

Department of Agriculture, Washington, D. C.

Bracted plantain is a troublesome weed a native

502

THE SOUTHERX PLANTER.

[August

of the Mississippi Valley. It is an annual and pro-
pogates from seeds, of which it produces a great num-
ber. It has prohablj been introduced in the East
and South largely in clover seed. The only way to
get rid of it is to put the land into a hoed crop.
If not checked it is likely to become as troublesome
as rib grass. It is of no value either as a feed or a
fertilizer. — Ed.

Grass for Name.

I enclose a head of grass that came up in my oats,
Will vou please give its name and its value as hay ?

Isle of Wiqhf Co., Ta. Thomas B. Wright.

The grass is chess (Bromus Secalinits). It is of
small value as a hay grass. — En.

Improving Land for Corn.

We have about seven acres of land of a light sandy
soil with a yellow clay foundation in peanuts this
year. This land, when planted in cotton, will pro-
duce about 1,000 pounds to the acre. After the pea-
nuts are dug we want to put the land in something
that \vill improve it for com next spring. Please
tell us what to get and how much? What kind of
fertilizers and how much ? Please give us all the in-
formation you can, as we want to try to make a suc-
cess the first vear. Henky & Mobbis.

Bertie Co., N. C.

As soon as the Peanuts are dug apply 25 bushels of
lime to the acre and harrow in. Then in a week or
ten days apply broadcast .')00 pounds to the acre of
acid phosphate, and 50 pounds of muriate of potash,
and sow a mixture of 10 pounds of Crimson clover,
15 pounds of sand vetch and half a bushel of wheat
and oats mixed. This should make a good green
fallow to plow down for the com in .\pril. — Ed.

Cramp in Horses.

In our last issue, in the reply to the enquiry of ^Ir
H. Jackson, on page 443. there occurs an unfortunate
printer's error, which we desire to correct as early as
possible. We wrote that a proper remedy to use was
chloral hydrate one ounce in a half pint of water
The printer makes us say ten ounces. One ounce is
the proper dose. This is apparent later in the reply
where the remedy is again mentioned for another I fat eating them
form of cramp.

replies from the absence of personal knowledge on the
subject. We have now secured a correspondent, who
will give information on these and other household
questions. The first article will be found in this
issue in the Publishers' Department, in colvmins
alongside the advertisements. The Department of
Agriculture, Washington, has just issued a Farmers'
Bulletin, Xo. 175, giving information as to grape
juice, etc. This can bo had on application to the
Department. — Ed.

Fertilizer for Clover.

Five years ago I moved to a womout farm. Since
that time I have improved it very much by sowing
cow peas and hauling woods mould, but have never
made much success with clover, especially red clover.
It starts off nicely, but turns yellow in early spring
and does not grow much more. Will you kindly ad-
vise me what fertilizer to iise to remedy this, for
it seem deficient in something? In giving me your
opinion of a fertilizer please give me the analysis
also. I shall sow clover iu August in com.

Accoviac county, Ta. W. S. Nelsox.

We are of opinion that if you would give your land
an application of lime — say at the rate of 25 to 50
bushels to the acre — that you would secure a good
stand of clover. This should be repeated — say, every
five years. The lime is best applied iu the fall
and winter, after the land has been plowed. Spread
broadcast and harrow in lightly. As you propose to
sow clover in the corn, and it will not be practicable
to spread the lime in the corn, we would give the
application on the clover in the early spring. — Ed.

Home Made Pickles, Wine, Grape Juice.

We have had several enquiries recently as to mak-
ing these, and have not been able to give satisfactory

Rotation of Crops for Hogs.

Vour valuable journal has, I think, been worth
much to me, and I come for some more information,
though you have detailed it time aud again, but I
haven't time to look the particular Planter up, so a
repetition will perhaps help some other poiir fellow.
It is this. T have a lot of some 15 or IG acres, at
present divided in half, and I wish to divide the two
halves, making four lots out of the whole, as suggest-
ed by the Planter some time ago, and keep this in
something for my hogs. Last year I had seven acres
of this land, in peas and soy beans, and my hogs got
This year I have eleven acres of
the same land in peas. I sowed sov beans, but they
failed to come up, so I sowed in peas. Xow, what \
wish to know is this. What crop must I put in each
of these lots for first, second, third and fourth, so a?
to have something for the hogs all the time as near
as possible. I know that German clover is an early

1003.]

THE SOUTHERN PLANTER.

503

crop, but it is said to be tincertain in getting a stand.
If you suggest that, could you suggest something to
be so^^^l with it, so that in case of failure in clover, I
would have the other I Would it pay to put one
or two of the lots that are now in peas (after the
hogs eat the peas) in oats, and when they begin to
turn in June next, ttim the hogs in on them, then
follow in peas again. Information on this line will
be generallv helpful no doubt.

X. E. Katts.
As soon as the peas are off seed one of the lots in
crimson clover, wheat, oats, rape and turnips. In
this issue in the article, Work for the Month, will be
found the proportion of seed to use. Seed another
lot a little later with Hairy Vetch, wheat and
oats. In December or .January seed another lot with
Canada peas and oats, two bushels of peas and one
bushel of oats to the acre. As these different crops
are consumed seed the lots in order in cow peas, sor-
ghimi, soy beans and corn, to follow for eating in
summer and fall. Plant part of one lot iu artichokes
in April to make winter feed. — Ed.

Johnson Grass.

• an you tell me in your August number anything
alKiut the seeding of .Johnson grass i Can it be sown
in the fall with a reasonable prospect of getting a
stand ? If so, about what time and with what kind
of preparation ? .J. O. Baeksdale.

.Johnon gi-ass may be sown in either fall or spring,
l>nt if sown in the fall it must be got in early —
enough to get good root hold before severe frost. Pre-
pare the land as for other grass seeding and sow one
and one-half bushels of seed per acre, so as to secure
a thick stand, and" thus a finer srrowth of stalk. — Ed

Peach Trees Dying.

You will find a samjjle of small black beetle which
is very abundant upon one of my p^ach trees. The
tree is, and has been, loosing a branch here and there
for the past three months; the bark looks dry and
fly specked. This is the third tree I have had affected
in this way in three years. Both the others died
after a few months. Can you tell what is the trouble
and advise a remedy through the columns of the
Pla>;tkr. Pkrcival Hicks.

Mathews county, Va.

We referred the foreging to Professor Galloway.
The following is the reply received. — Ed.

Your letter of the 1.5th instant addressed to Prof.
Galloway, of this department, duly received and re-
ferred to this office for attention, inasmuch as the
samples submitted show insect injury, and therefore
do not fall within the province of his bureau.

The insect sent, on examinatiin, proves to be one
of the smaller species of lady birds, Pent ilia misella
Lee, which is one of oiir most efficient natural ene-
mies of the San Jose scale. The fact that your sub-
scriber has callected these specimens on his trees, to-
gether with the report of damage to the trees, would
seem to indicate the presence of the scale insect men-
tioned. To confirm this belief, it will only be neces-
sary for you to send to me a few branches of these
infested trees showing the injury noted. The reme-
dies for the San Jose scale are detailed in two circu-
lars of this office, copies of which T enclose.

L. O. Howard, Entomologist.

Department ofAgricvltiire, Washington, D. C.

Alfalfa.

. I am very much interested in your articles on
alfalfa clover. I have two acres I want to seed this
summer or fall. About what time would you advise
seeding it f It is in wheat stubble now.

]\'orcesfer county, Md. A. C. Hoi.t.owat?.

Plow at once and harrow and encotirage the weeds
to grow. Kill these by reharrowing as fast as they
germinate. Then in the first half of September sow
the alfalfa. See replies and articles in this issiie as
to alfalfa. — Ed.

Cross-Breeding Sheep.

May I ask if a cross of a Dorset ram on Shrop-
shire ewes is desirable ? A Xew Subscriber.

Bedford county Ya.

We do not think the cross would be a desirable one.
The Dorset is not as good a mutton and wool sheep
as the Shropshire, whilst, as an early lamb producer,
it is not much better. The two breeds each fill a
distinct place in sheep husbandry, and should be kept
pure to fill that place, or, if crossed at all. should be
crossed on grade Merinos, whose quality as lamb pro-
ducers and mutton and wool makers they can and will
influence favorably. It is rarely good policy or profi-
table to cross two pure breeds. They scarcely ever
"tnick" well, and the result is often a nondescript
of no value. — Ed.

Apple Scab— Bitter Rot or Brown Rot.

I wish to trespass upon your space to ask our
Blacksburg friends, so well versed in sporeology,
if sclerotinia fructigena is the English Latin, whilst
deutriticum fucicladium is the American Latin for
apple scab \

In the English Field I notice that the Board of

504

THE SOUTHEKN PLANTEK.

[August

Aiiriculture gives the following soluiiou: Suljjhate
of iron, 25 pounds: sulphuric acid, 1 pint; water,
50 gallons, to be used as a spray when buds are
dormant, as an application against what reads from
its description as being ajiple scab, though called by
the Board of AgTiculture brown rot, and which is
possibly the same as our bitter rot. The description
is : "Brownish scattered patches on the skin, followed
by the growth of dull-gray tufts arranged in irregu-
lar concentric rings. The fruit attacked does not
rot or decay, but becomes muninified."

Anything tending to fight the terrible scourge of
the more especially beloved winesap, must be of
interest to its growers. An attack of scab as fruit is
setting is by many misconstrued to frost, cold wind,
etc., instead to the insidious spore destroying its
prey.

Let us not deceive ourselves, thinking all will be
well another season, though a dry one may bring soma
amelioration. Either the grower must get the better
of his enemy or hope deferred will cause regret of a
tolerance in not surplauting. I encountered the
owner of a large orchard of winesaps not long ago
who accounted for the barrenness of his trees by
their being all "he" trees, and consequently not bear-
ing ones. If a microbe has a sense of the ludicrous
how it must have been amused. W. M.

Albemarle county , Va.

Will the Mycologist at the Experiment Station
kindly note and reply. The inquiry reached us too
late for us to send it to him for replv in this issue. —
Ee.

Bermuda Grass.

(Jan I set a field in Bermuda grass and seed it in
wheat at the same time and get a stand of Bermuda

grass

O. E. Shook.

Iredell county, N. C.

Whilst we have had no experience in planting
Bermuda grass and wheat together, yet we do not
doubt but that you can succeed in getting a stand in
this way. If the wheat crop is thick the grass will
not make much growth until the wheat is cut, as
shading heavily is one of the best methods known for
destroying Bermuda. — Ed.

Spraying Fruit Trees.

I dare say it is quite puerile to say what I must
in this. It is about spraying fruit trees with the
different preparations given in your March num-
ber. I know nothing of the orchard. Have never
l^efore had the care of one, so don't know when nor
liow to sj)ray them. ^Fy apples and pears are doing
moderately well. Pears are better than apples; but
peaches and plums do all right till the turning

period. 'J'hen they rot, shrivel up. The orchard is
low and almost sobby. I remember my father used
to bore into the body of his trees and fill the hole
with sulphur and stop it up, but for what purpose
I've forgotten, or with what result. I dug around
a few of my trees last spring and put lime around
some, sulphur around others and sol. carbolic acid
around others — experimenting. So far can see no
difference. I am in the country forty-odd miles from
a market, so find it inconvenient to get the sprays
as per your journal. I keep a dispensary on hand^ —
am an old druggist. Is there no cheaper method of
treating my sick trees and no way more convenient
than that given in the SorTTiERA' Planter ?

Berkley county, S. C. James Joynee.

The advice given in our March issue as to spraying-
trees is founded on the best aiithorities on the subject
in this country. No other means are known for the
control of fungoid and insect enemies than those
given in the spray calendar. You might as well
bore holes in the trees and fill them with wine in
order to strengthen them as fill them with sulphur or
any other drug to cure them. The trees will not
nutilize either the oue or the other. It will remain
inert in the holes. — Eo.

Ice House.

1 wish to build an ice house convenient to mv
dwelling, but cannot build in the ground on account
of water rising. I can go down about five or six
feet in the ground and get drainage, and what I
wish to do is to have the house six feet in the ground
built up with rock and cemented and six or seven
feet above ground ; double wall packed with saw-
dust. Now, what I wish to know is will ice keep
next to rock or cement ? I have also heard that ice
will not keep for five or six feet below the earth's
surface on account of the heat in the earth to that
depth. Is this true ? If so, of course all above would
melt and the house would be a failure. Please give
me the above information in your August number.

A Subscriber.

Whilst an ice house built below ground, with either
stone or cement, will keep ice if the walls are thick
enough, yet the best modern ice houses are now alto-
gether built above ground as being cheaper, more con-
venient, and equally effective. What is needed is a
building with double walls a foot apart, and the foot
sjiace tightly packed with sawdust, with a double roof.
There must also be good drainage provided, and the
drain should be trapped by having a bend in it to
hold water so as to prevent the access of warm air.
Provide for good ventillation over the top of the ice
by having a ventillator in each end of the roof.— Ed.

1903.]

THE SOUTHERN PLANTER.

505

Trucking, Garden and Orchard.

WORK FOR THE MONTH.

All crops of fruit aud vegetables should be care-
fully gathered as they mature and become fit for
market or storage. They should be placed under
cover and out of the sun to cool off before being
either packed for shipment or piit away in storage.
Carefully sort and cull oiit all defective specimens
and ship or store only the perfect ones. If the de-
fective culls amount in quantity to more than can be
conveniently used at home ship them in separate
packages and mark them distinctly as culls and they
will not then prejudice the sale of the best. Mixed
shipments always sell for the price of the poorest.
As far as possible keep the defective products off
the markets as they only serve to glut them and bring
down the price of the first quality.

Fall cabbage seed should be sown at once on rich
beds in a moist situation and push on the growth of
the plants as quickly as possible, so that they may
escape the attacks of fly and worms. A light sprink-
ling of nitrate of soda over the beds just previous to
a gentle rain will helj) them. The plants should be
ready to set out in September and they will then
make nice heads in the late fall. Flat Dutch and
Savoy are good varieties.

Broccoli plants may be set out during the latter
part of this month. They will make heads for cut-
ting in October and November. Treat like cabbages.
They are as easily grown as cabbages and sell well.
They make a head like a cauliflower.

English peas and snap beans may be sown for a
fall crop in Eastern Virginia and North Carolina.
They are uncertain as to yield, but if the fall be
mild and frosts hold off they make a crop which sells
well and is always acceptable at home.

Kale and spinach may be sown at the end of the
month.

In our last issue we wrote on the fall Irish potato
crops, and to this issue refer our readers. No time
should now be lost in getting the crop planted.

Celery plants may now be set out from the seed
beds. Celery requires rich, moist soil in order that
the growth may be quick or the stalks will not be ten-

der. Make the land rich with well rotted farm-yard
manure, which may be supplemented with a fertilizer
having 7 per cent, of ammonia, 5 per cent, phosphoric
acid and 8 per cent, potash. The land should be
deeply broken and cultivated finely. The plants
should be set out about six inches apart, so as to
grow closely and exclude the light and thus help in
bleaching the stalks. If the variety gi'own is not a
self-bleaching variety the plants should be set in
rows five feet apart, so as to allow banking the soil
up to the plants to bleach them. When setting out
in rows we always set two rows of plants about six
inches apart in each row and they can then be earthed
up together. As the plants grow a little soil should
be drawn to them at intervals so as to keep the plants
from spreading out, and then when fully gi-own be
earthed up to the top. When banking the soil up to
the plant hold the stalks of each plant close together,
so as to keep the soil out of the hearts of the plants.
If celery can be set out where it can be irrigated it
will be a gi-eat advantage, as it succeeds well with
frequent irrigation.

As the crops mature clean the land of all trash
and waste, and if not wanted for any other crop sow
crimson clover to occupy the land during the winter
and conserve and improve the fertility.

All cultivation should cease in the orchard and
small fruit patches, so as to encourage ripening of the
wood.

The land for strawberry planting should be
ploughed and harrowed so as to encourage germina-
tion of the weeds, which can then be killed.

GROWING STRAWBERRIES IN POTS.

A subscriber asks us to tell him about growing
strawberries in pots to secure plants which will give
a crop the first year. There is no difficulty about
this work. Some writers advise that pots should be
filled with soil and be sunk in the ground near the
old plants and the runners be trained and pegged
over them so as to root in the pots ; but this is a
work which causes much unnecessary labor. We
would fill the pots with good rich soil, providing
plenty of drainage in each, and then cut off runners
which have commenced to form roots and set them in

506

THE SOUTHERN PLANTER.

[August

tlie pots and keep them moist and shaded for a few
days, when they will at once commence to grow. In
selecting the runners take the plant first formed on
the runner for potting. It will be the strongest plant.
Growth should be encouraged in the pots by water-
ing with weak manure water or water in which a
little nitrate of soda has been dissolved, and on the
approach of cold weather they should be protected
at night. In the early spring they should be turned
out of the pots without disturbing the roots and they
will continue their growth and make fruit.

ORCHARD AND GARDEN NOTES.

Editor Southern Planter:

Harvi'St time in the orchard and garden has now
Lonu'. Hhe fruits of our labors can now be seen.
The i)leasures that come from gathering and eating
the fin« fruits and vegetables from our own gardens
are groii!;. These fruits and vegetables, as they ap-
pear grov.-jng npon the trees and vines look much
n-ore iK-autiful and taste much better than those
bruised and inferior flavored ones that are shipped
long distances to the cities. Many of our city friends
do not know any thing about the best fruits and
vegetables.

AVhile we are gathering these fine products we
must net fail to learn lessons aboiit efFects that dif-
ferent varieties, different soils and different cultural
iiictbods have produced upon the quality and quantity
of the crops. I have had an opportunity to notice
the fruiting habit? of Early Harvest, Red Jime and
Transparent apples, and to test their table qualities.
Each or.e of these early fruits has some special claim
in its favor different from the others.

Red June has a better color, but appears to be
rather a shy bearer; Early Harvest is a little small,
but is prolific and of good flavor, and Transparent is
almost too acid, unless extremely ripe, but it Is of
good size and bears quite young.

The great rush of s])ring and simimer work is now
over. The farmer usually has more spare time du-
ring this month than any other summer or spring
month, r want to suggest that the farmer's family
take a few days for rest and recreation. Let us change
the scenes a little. "All work and no play makes
a dull boy." Take an outing. Dtive the family to
some good spring near by and spend a few days.
Dine at some good hotel in the city and let the boy
get a glimpse of city life. Then explain to him how
city folks live, so that he may not be so anxious to

leave the old homestead to learn about city life by
himself. A few dollars spent for the family in this
wav may prove to be the best investment the farmer
can make. Try it. Let the boy go with a large ship-
ment of produce to the market and watch the various
ways it is handled before it reaches the consumer.
I'his will teach him how to prepare things for market
in the best possible manner. This question of how to
market products is of as mtich importance frequently
as how to grow them. The farmer should study tne
marketing now when taking his vacation.

Shall the farmer's boy be sent to college this year ?
If so, where? This is one of the most important
questions that usually engages the farmer's attention
during this month. T3oes the farmer's boy need an
education? If not, why do men go to colleges to
study law and medicine ? The father sometimes tells
his boy that he (the father) has made a success in
life without a college education and his son ought to
do equally as well without one. This kind of reason-
ing has frequently decided the fate of many bright
and ambitious farm boys. While such reasoning ap-
pears sound on its face, still it is very unsound' and
misleading. The same father might ask also how
many men withovt a college education have made
failures. Conditions have greatly changed since he
grew up. People are more thickly settled, population
Jias increased, competition has become great and the
requirements of society and the business world have
grown im.mensely. There are many more avenues
of pleasure opened xip to the educated man than the
uneducated. He is of more benefit to his fellow-man
and the commtmity. Instead of leaving the young
man so many dollars to spend after the father is
dead it would often be far better to spend the money
in educating the young man and leave him a well-
trained mind and a sound manhood. The boy will
climb the ladder then instead of coming down.

But what kind of an education is best for the farm-
er's boy? This question should be discussed with the
boy very frankly, and some time should be given be-
fore making a decision. If the boy wants to make
a farmer the decision is made at once. Send him to a
good agricultural and mechanical college. While a
good farmer's boy will usually be successftil in most
any business or professional line he may choose to
enter, still the gi'eat demand now is for men trained
in the technical branches. The demand for men
with a classical education has become very limited.
The dead languages no longer hold the greater in-
fluence in our colleges and universities. If the lx)y

1903.]

THE SOUTHERN PLANTER.

507

is sent to college to make such tilings his main study,
that is his first step in being educated away from the
fai-m. The dignity of farming in Virginia and other
Southern States is gaining groud rapidly. "Virginia
has an ex-Governor who was pround of the title,
"Farmer Governor." Some of the wealthiest and
most influential men of the State now own large
pippin orchards or fine herds of registered cattle.
One of our senators delights to spend his summers
on his farm. Things are turning farmerward in Vir-
ginia. Encourage the boy to be a farmer. Teach him
that it is honorable. There is at least one good col-
lege where he can go, at small expense, to study agri-
culture or horticulture. He will be respected and
encouraged in his work at this institution. Send a
postal-card for a catalogue of the Agricultural and
Mechanical College f Virginia Polytechnic Institiite)
located at Blackshurg, Va. This catalogue is now be-
fore me, and I notice that a two-year course in "prac-
tical agriculture" is given at this institution. I
v/ould like to see a number of young farmers take
this course. The President of the Board has ap-
proved the short winter course idea that I suggested
in the Planter, and I hope to see this course offered
at the college in a short time. More money is
needed for broadening the agricultural features at
this institution, and T hope the necessary money will
be given by the next Legislature. The Legislature
of Illinois recently gave the agricultural college of
that State $100,000 for "equipment and instruc-
tional work in the Department of Agriculture."
Virginians have not been educated up to the point
to even ask for siich an amount, both for equipment
and building, for the agricultural work of the State,
biit we are coming. If the farmers will vote in the
primaries this fall for those who favor the advance-
ment of the agricultural interests of the State we
will be coming faster. R. H. Price.

Montgomery county.

FIRE BLIGHT ON PEARS.

At the Virginia Experiment Station at Blacks-
burg, a pear orchard was planted in 1S89, in which
were set out over thirty different varieties. This
orchard has had the constant care and attention of
the Horticulturist and Mycologist of the station, with
the hope of demonstrating the possibiliy of growing
pears successfully in this State where fire blight has
been a constant source of loss and discouragement
to orehardists. Up to 1899, when the orchard was
10 years old, this care resulted in gratifying suc-
cess, there being to that date only slight attacks of the

disease, and these were controlled by cutting away
the diseased portions supplemented by thorough use
of the Bordeaux spray. During 1900 the attack of
blight became very severe, and regardless of cutting
out wood and thorough application of Bordeaux,
some of the trees were entirely destroyed before mid-
summer. In a further effort to save the orchard
lhe trees were carefully gone over in the winter of
1900-1901 and all blighted wood removed, except
blight spots on the trunks asd main limbs of trees
rliat were desired to be attempted to be saved. These
M'ere carefully scraped, removing all the dead bark
as far as possible and later the trunks and main limbs
were treated with a lime-bluestone wash made by
using two pounds of bluestone, four pounds of lime
and three gallons of water, and was prepared as
follows: The bluestone was dissolved in hot water,
the lime carefiilly slacked in hot water and the two
were then mixed together and thinned so as to make
three gallons of the mixture. This was applied so
as to thoroughly coat the trunks and main limbs.
The trees themselves were thoroughly sprayed in
IMarch with a solution of bluestone — two pounds to
fifty gallons of water. In April and twice in May
the trees were sprayed with Bordeaux mixture. Not-
withstandisg all this woi'k and the cutting out of all
diseased wood, the blight continued to make head-
way.

On June 4-th tbt pear blight was again qiiite gene-
ral throughout the orchard, and certain trees were so
badly diseased that it was decided to remove them.
Xt the end of the season of 1901 the orchard pre-
sented a most serious condition of affairs. A con-
siderable number of trees had already been removed,
others had been cut to stumps, and it was now neces-
s<iry to again remove a considerable niimber of trees
and to cut others back to mere stubs or to short spurs
of limbs around the head of the trunk, in order to
remove, as far as possible, the diseaseci wood.

The subsequent efforts made to combat the disease
and the result are described in the following bulletin
from the Mycologist, Professor Alwood :

During the winter nf 1901-1902 the trees were
carefully searched for blighted wood and the same
removed, except where certain blight spots on the
trunk and main limbs could not well be cut away
without destroying portions of the trees which were
yet alive. Those trees which were thought to be quite
beyond remedial treatment were cut out. All the
wounds made in the heavy cutting of diseased tissue
were covered with thick white lead paint, this being
our usual custom in siich work.

During the last week in March the pear orchard
was sprayed so as to thoroughly drench all parts of

508

THE SOUTHERN PLANTER.

[August

the trees with a lye wash, made by using concentrated
lye in solution, so as to give a strength of 3 degrees
on the Beaume spindle, it requiring about seven
pounds of the concentrated lye to each fifty gallons of
water to make the strength required. This wash was
given for its cleansing effect, as has been our custom
to do about once in three years.

On April Sd the trees still remaining in the pear
orchard were treated as follows with a prepared fer-
tilizer composed of 300 pounds of 16 per cent, dis-
solved South Carolina phosphate and 150 pounds of
muriate potash. There were seventy-five trees still
standinc in the pear orchard, and this quantity of
fertilizer was sowed broadcast in equal quantities
around these trees, tlnis making an application of six
pounds per tree. The ground had been previously
cultivated with a disc harrow, and after the applica-
tion of fertilizer was made a slight cultivation was
given with a straight-tooth harrow. The trees were
still dormant. About two weeks later the orchard
was recultivatcd v;ith the disc harrow,^ and no further
cultivation given for the year.

On April 2.5th the pear orchard was given the first
spraying of Bordeaux, made in the usual manner.
The buds were just bursting at this date and the
trees were coated so as to show a thin layer of bluish
powder when dry.

On !May 7th the pear trees were given the second
spraying with the Bordeaux mixture, care being taken
to thoroughly treat all parts of the trees and to again
coat the limbs and trunks with the spray preparation.
This was the last treatment with Bordeaux for that
season.

Slight trace of blight showed here and there on the
early growth, but no serious development of the dis-
ease occurred. The only noticeable progress that the
disease made during the season was on limbs- and
smaller branches adjacent to hold-over cases which
v/ere not cut OTit at the winter pruning as noted above.
?^o summer pruning for blight was attempted during
1902. These slight occurrences resulted in the death
of a few large limbs and oceasio *al branches, but there
v.'as no spread of the trouble to the young wood as the
season progressed. The trees, in many instances, took
on a new vigor, and the appearance of the orchard at
the close of the summer of 1902 was far better than
at the close of 1901. In fact, the disease was so de-
cidedly checked that one could not help being greatly
encouraged with the result.

It should further be stated that, with the checking
of the blight in the pear orchard, scarcely a twig
blighted in the large variety apple orchard standing
adjacent, whereas, the previous year twig blight oc-
curred very generally throughout the apple orchard.
SPRING OF 1003.
This season the orchard has been treated as fol-

lows : The few dead limbs and branches resulting
from last season's action of blight were cut out when
>;till dormant. No winter wash was used. Though
the orchard has a dilapidated appearance from severe
(Mitting, it shows no particular extension of blighted
areas on trunks and limbs. Unfortunately, the im-
passable condition of our road to the depot rendered
it impossible to secure the material for making the
tonic fertilizer as early as we had wished. The
application was prepared, however, as specified
under a previous section of this report, and ten
pounds used broadcast around each tree, on April 22,
UI03, spreading the same for a radius of six to eight
i'eet about the trees.

The first Bordeaux treatment was given April
20th, just as buds were opening, and the second May
ISth, after bloom had fallen.

The orchard has been cultivated three times with
a disc harrow, and will be given no further culture
or treatment of any sort. The coming fall we ought
to be able to make pretty positive statements as to the
results of this tonic treatment for pear blight.

At this writing (June 1, 1903), the trees are, with
few exceptions, making a vigorous growth, and in
some cases forming new heads from bare trunks
where the tops were cut away at 12 and 13 years

CONCI.USIONS.

1. Our efforts to stay the fire blight by cutting out
diseased tissue and by the use of Bordeaux sprays
over the entire trees, and washes on the trunk, have
tailed to hold the disease in check, but we think this
preliminary effort to control the disease should not
be neglected.

2. It at)pears that we are warranted in saying that
the fertilizer used on pear trees suffering from fire
blight has enabled them to resist the disease to a
very marked degree. These tests must be repeated
for a series of years, and under varying conditions,
before a final pronouncement can be made.

3. It is, in our opinion, bad policy to cultivate pear
orchards in summer, or, in fact, after the bloom falls,
and such orchards are apparently more healthy if
planted on rather dry, stiff soil.

b. Aft^r our experience with the blight we suggest
the following list of varieties for home use and com-
mercial planting. Well treated, these would appear
to promise the best results:

For summer. — Bartlett and Tyson.

For autumn and late fruit. — Seckel, Bosc (finest
quality, amateur only), Louise, Rutter, Kieffer (espe-
cially for commercial purposes) and Lawrence. This
latter, if well handled, can be held until late; quality
is fine. WiT.LiAM B. Alwood,

Mycologist, etc.
Experiment Station, Blacksburg, Va., June 30,

1903.

1903.]

THE SOUTHEKN PLANTEK.

509

Live Stock and Dairy.

A DEHORNING PEN.

A subscriber writes us asking that we give him
some points about building a pen for holding cattle
whilst being dehorned. A very simple arrangement
will meet all the needs of a dehorning pen. Indeed,
we know of one gentleman who every year dehorns
a large number of cattle whose only pen (if such it
can be called) is simply a forked tree. JJ^ear to his
stable a large tree has grown which, at about three
feet above the grotind, divides into two limbs be-
tween which the head of a cow can be easily passed.
When qnce through, pressing the head down a little
and holding it there by the nose, fixes the animal so
that the head cannot be moved. The horns are then
taken oif and the head of the cow raised and the
animal set at liberty. A dehorning pen can do no
better than follow this simple plan, except that it
should be made of strong rails down each side so
that when once in it the animal's body will be also
confined, so as not to have room to move to either
side. Make the end of the pen through which the
head projects of two strong upright posts and a
couple of rails near the bottom to hold these together
and let the space between these two uprights be only
sufficiently wide for the head below the horns to pass
through. Fix a strong cross-bar with a hinge to the
top of one of these iiprights and when the head is in
position between them close this down on the neck
and fasten with a staple in the other upright and thus
hold the head fast.

LIVE STOCK AT ST. LOUIS.

F. D. Coburn, Chief of the Department of Live
Stock of the Louisiana Purchase Exposition, has
arranged for a total of over 26,000 prizes in the
classifications for horses, cattle, sheep, swine, poul-
try, etc., for the World's Fair show next year. These
are unprecedented in amoimt and are divided among
twelve breeds of beef and dual purpose cattle with
2,352 prizes; four breeds of dairy cattle, 560 prizes;
nineteen breeds of horses, 3,458 prizes ; eleven breeds
of swine, 2,772 prizes ; fourteen breeds of sheep,
2,548 prizes; 375 varieties of poultry and pigeons,
10,300 prizes ; fifty-seven breeds of dogs, 2,604 prizes.
There are thirty-two additional prizes for single cows
and herds entered in the dairy demonstration ; five
for oxen; fifty-five for mules and 1,310 for the esti-
mated displays of pet stock, vehicles, etc.

Provision has been made for five cash prizes and
two honorable mention awards in most sections ex-
cept poultry. The final arrangements of the classi-
fications may still further enlarge the number of
prizes offered.

THE PROFITABLE COLT.

Editor Southern Planter:

In many cases some of the work horses on the
farm may be brood mares. Usually siich mares have
less to do in winter. They can have their colts in
Xovember and suckle them through the winter
months. Sometimes it is diflicult to get the mares to
breed at the desired time of the year. At least have
the colt come in April or not before September 30th.

As soon as the colt comes into the world see that
its nose is uncovered as soon as the body is exposed
to the air, and there may be cases where the navel
needs attention, but nature generally takes care of
that. Leave the colt with the dam for awhile and
let her take care of it, but if after two or three hours
it has not had any milk help it to get some. As a
rule the foal gets a good portion within a half hour
after being born. Be sure the dam has sufficient
niilk, or if the udder is full and hard rub it and
start the flow. If the milk does not move the bowels
properly a little castor oil should be given, and some-
times it is necessary to give an injection. When the
colt is aboiit a day old go into the stable and get in
front of him, sitting down several feet away. Just
sit still with your hat off so he will not knock it off
and scare himself. He is a very curious little fel-
low and will not be long in getting lo see what you
are. Be very quiet and let him have his own way till
he begins picking at you. After giving him time to
become interested reach out quietly and tickle him a
little on the breast, which he will greatly enjoy.
After a short time you may begin to rub him a little
and tickle him between the forelegs till he begins to
try to lay do^vn on you. }^ow you have his confi-
dence, which, if you will repeat the lesson once or
twice more, yon may have always, if you will treat
him kindly. Always catch the colt and hold him
bv piitting one arm in front and one back of him.
The pivotal point of action is the center of the body —
fasten him in front and he tries to go backward ;
fasten him at the rear and he tries to go forward.
Yoii can easily hold the colt if you place one arm

510

THE SOUTHERN PLANTER.

[August

under the neck and the other under the ham. Handle
him first on one side then on the other, and give him
a lump of sugar. He may not eat it at first, but pass
it around his mouth and he will soon learn to like it.

When about a week old put on a strong, neatly-
fitting halter and tie the colt up. If the halter does
not fit he will soon learn to rub it off and a habit is
formed that is almost impossible to cure. If he
pulls back, to counteract this, place a strap around
his body just in front of his hind legs. Attach a
rope to this and run it through a ring in the halter.
When the colt goes back pull him up to you; then
give him f?ome sugar. i3y the time he is two weeks
old lie should have been taught to lead and stand
while his mother is taken out to water. Next put
on the headstall with a bit and let him get accus-
omed to it.

The mare should be kept in a box stall for a short
time after foaling, and as soon as the colt becomes
accustomed to being haltered tie the mare in a
single stall. When she goes to work he should not be
allowed to follow her, but is better off in the stall —
all the better if a paddock is attached. For the first
month if the colt cannot be taken to the dam she
should be brought up in the middle of the day to
suckle him. If she is on pasture the colt will early
learn to partake of the same. Teach him to eat when
from 3 to 4 weeks old by providing a self-feeder
where he can get oats and bran at all times. There
is no danger of him eating too much. Aim to keep
him gi-owing well and see to it that he is getting a
good grain ration and is in good thrift at weaning
time — -5 or 6 months old. Separate the two so they
cannot see or hear each other and by kindness and
perseverance the colt will soon forget to worry. To
dry the mare feed straw and decrease the amount
of water.

The first year after weaning is usually the hardest
time in the life of the colt, and we should give him
extra care and feed at this time. Some breeders
feed much grain the first winter. At any rate, he
should be kept growing, but not at all fat before he
is 3 years old. There are no grain feeds better
adapted to growing muscle and bone than oats and
bran with an addition of about a pint of oil meal
a day. No corn is needed, except in cold weather.
Clover or alfalfa hay and Ijluegrass pasturage fur-
nish excellent feed. Grinding feed is unnecessary,
as the operation takes time and money. The time
of the colt is not worth anything: therefoi'e, he can
safely put it in grinding his own feed. He has no-
thing else to do and likes it. He will not pass any

grain whole if he is in perfect health. Potatoes are
an excellent food for the colt. It is well to cut them
and dust over with a little grain. Carrots are also
reuommended as a feed to build a good frame and
solid body. If he is nervous decrease the quantity
of oats.

Allow him free range and exposure to outdoor
weather common to older stock in the more clement
seasons. Keep the feet straight with a rasp.

A fall colt thus treated is ready to make full
growth, and instead of being at two and a half years
no better than the 2-year-old, as is often the case,
he will Ix' about as good as a 3-year-old.

George H. C. Williams.
Unitp.d States Depaii.ment Agriculture . Washington,

D. C.

MORE LIVE STOCK.

Ediior Southern Planter:

The market conditions for stock-raising — includ-
ing all meat-producing animals — offer such in-
ducements to farmers as ought to influence them to
produce all the live stock their farms Avill sustain.
Beef is way up in price, and the demand is greater
than the supply. This is just what the farmer wants.
Breeding stock is also scarce and must be grown to
meet the demand. So also is good dairy stock. For
milk and butter prices are so favorable and demand
for good milk and butter so great — that of the "gilt-
edge" variety, especially — the supply does not begin
to meet the demand.

Prices of both mutton and wool are high, and in-
dications point that they will go still higher. The
heavy sheep losses in Australia and the great de-
crease in exports of both sheep and wool from such
an extensive shipping point, indicate at least no de-
crease from present prices.

The losses among the flocks and herds throughout
the Northwest will also influence prices for some
time to come.

Every one at all acquainted with stock raising
knows of the shortage in hogs for both breeding and
market purposes. Hogs bring quick money, and if
properly handled plenty of it and good returns on
capital invested.

Sheep are easily handled and they also bring
quick money and from two sources — mutton and
wool.

Cattle have made many rich, and will still make
many more rich, unless vegetarians get us. Goats
are also attracting much attention, and if figures

1903.]

THE SOUTHERN PLANTER.

511

speak ivulv they cau be profitably handled, espe-
cially so where land is to be cleared of weeds and
scrub growth.

Eortiinately, there is variety enough of live stock
for each man to select that which best suits his fancy,
•his ability or his surroundings. He can select which
ever breed of stock suits his purpose best, but when
choice is followed thus far let him stick to it. Rarely
ever does the man who changes from sheep to hogs
and hogs to cattle and perhaps from cattle to horses,
do well. There are exceptions — this only proves the
rule — where circimistances are such that a change is
beneficial, even essential; kit ,generally speaking,
the man who studiously makes his choice, sticks to
it and is carefully observant of the details of his
business is the successful man.

Another condition besides that of the markets
must be considered by the farmer. The time is pass-
ing when cattle and sheep can he run on the plains iii
any number. These plains are rapidly being turned
into farms, and for some years ranches Have been
moving farther and farther west to give place to
settlers. Sheep and cattle have moved nearer to
gether, until the result has been the war between
the sheep and cattle men so disgraceful to our his-
tory; and the end is not yet. These wars but prove
the shortage of gi-azing lands. In all of the Western
States range lands are taken up by settlers — thou-
sands of farms in each State every year — until the end
must be — and that not far distant — when live stock
growing and grain growing must be done together
on the farm. This has gTeat advantages for the
farmer, especially those who possess farms where
grain growing solely has weakened the soil, as in the
southern part of the United States, separated from
the North and West to some extent by the civil war
and the consequences resulting. Here are many large
farms where part of the land is cultivated, part in
timber and much left umised, save for commons.
Take, for example, the State of Virginia. These
conditions are existant here. Grain and tobacco are
produced in considerable quantities; much commer-
cial fertilizer is used. Thoroughbred stock for breed-
ing purposes is raised throughout the State to some
extent: but little feeding is done, however. Where
either is followed the difference in the condition of
that farm and those joining is amazing. There are
many sections of the United States where grass for
hay or grazing purposes cannot be produced that
will compare with that grown in these places. Corn,
grains and clovers, including alfalfa, will compare
well with those raised in other sections, and the
Avater =npplv is as ffood a? can be had anvwhere.

Land throughout this section can be bought very
cheap — from $5 per acre up — in some instances very
good improvements included. However, when the
farmer awakes to the fact that the best way to market
farm produce is in the shape of meat or dairy pro-
ducts, these conditions will change.

If e-^-ery farmer would put, or keep, on his place
all the stock it would carry until every field and
pasture came into a high state of fertility, the ease
and profit with which he could handle his farm would
be a pleasant surprise to him. The more stock he
raised the more and better grain he could grow, and
with more grain more stock would follow, until our
lands attained as high a state of fertility and cultiva-
tion as the world-renowned agi'icnltural lands of
England.

While there is much to be said in favor of herding
on the ranges, there is to that, as to most things, two
sides. Range stock is frequently exposed to diseases
by bringing in new stock, to poison from eating
poisonous plants when grazing is scarce or when
moving from one place to another; also, some loss
from wild animals, more especially among sheep, and
in time of drought to intense suft'ering and loss for
want of both feed and water, and every winter leaves
tales to tell of snow-covered ranges, where the weakest
in every herd succumb to cold and starvation.

Any, or, indeed, all, of these conditions may con-
front a farmer-stockman, but at the same time he has
at hand means to combat them that a range man has
not. With a part of his land in grass and cultiva-
tion he can, in the most unfavorable season, provide
enough feed to bring his stock through. By
judiciously fencing, water can be provided on most
farms so as to be available in each gi-azing field, and
facilities are at hand for separating from the herds
those in a poorer condition and giving to them the
extra attention required to put them into shape.

There is also an advantage in producing stock as
near as possible to where it is to be marketed, and
this can be done here to a far greater extent than it
is anywhere east of the Mississippi river, where
markets are so near at hand and of the highest.

The time is at hand when every farmer — yes. and
stockman — must settle this matter for himself and
put it into practice. The time is past when a man
who was not possessed of wit enough for anything else
would do for a farmer. The government has done
much toward educating as to the need of scientific
farming and farming as a business investment, by
publishing and freely circulating the annual reports
of the Departments of Agriculture in each State, the
Experiment Station reports and by aiding State ag-

512

THE SOUTHERN PLAXTEE.

[August

ricultural colleges, etc. When we really know what
we need we are sure to have it. In the last decade
we have made rapid progress in our farming methods,
both as to agricultural features and stock raising.
The up-to-date farmer has a comfortable home with
some of the luxuries in it that are so attractive to
the people, that were exclusively city conveniences
not many years ago. He has a carriage and horses
that are frequently used by the family, also has
time and sj-mpathy for social enjoyments. These
things, with aii agricultural college education, will fit
the young people to become good farmers. Simplv
because a certain boy is a little more intelligent than
the average is no reason why he should go away to
the city to shut himself up in a little, dark office and
for fifty weeks a year do precisely and exactly as he
is told or lose his job. ifany do that when they might
be the owners of fine farms with fields of waving
grain and herds of sleek cattle and sheep grazing
contentedly on the pastures, and all as a result of
their o%vn ability and management.

A man is tied to his farm ? Certainly, who is not
tied ? It is only the question of the length of the
rope with which he is tied, and, broadly speaking,
the salaried man of the cities is tied with the shortest
Fluvanna county, Va. E. A. EIexxicott.

When sending us the foregoing, Mr. Kennicott
said: "It has been my lot to become acquainted
with farming and stock-raising conditions through
the Xorth and West, and in no place have I seen
equally good conditions, naturally, as here. I have
also seen corn and forage grown here that are en-
tirely convincing as to what can be done." He said
that a friend of his, one of the editors of the Chicago
Daily Drover, had recently visited him in Fluvanna
county. This was his first visit to this part of the
country and he remarked that he had never seen
such possibilities for sheep raising as in this part
of the State of Virginia, though his travels had been
considerable, ilr. Kennicott is one of a class of men
of whom we want to see hundreds in the South. A
man who realizes and knows what are the possibilities
of live-stock farming and who appreciates the truth
of what we have so frequently asserted, that there
is no location in the whole country so well fitted in
every way for the wideawake, live stockman as this
Atlantic coast section of the South. — Ed.

RAISING COLTS.
Editor Southern Planter:

Your correspondent, "R," of Henderson county,
X. (\, whose inquiry for "points" on raising colts.

suggests that he does not incline toward the scrub
product, as usually seen on our farms. Breeding and
raising colts is very much like cropping, it depends
wholly upon your theory of what you want to pro-
duce. If you intend to raise a first-class animal you
must begin the operation before the colt is born by
selection of dam and sire. An over-worked, poorly-
nourished mare cannot be expected to produce a
good colt from a cross-roads scrub sire, nor could
any mare, no matter how high bred, for that matter.
There is a difi^erence of opinion whether it is best
for the colt to be born in the spring or in the fall.
As a matter of fact, it does not make as much dif-
ference as some people imagine, provided the dam
and colt have the proper food and nourishment. The
dam should not be worked but very lightly during
the suckling of the foal. There are many reasons
for this. Among others, the mare needs all her
nourishment to maintain her own physical condition
during the period of suckling her foal. If she be-
comes heated dtiring work it affects the colt through
the milk, and the colt is often injiired in following
its dam while at work.

Up to the fourth month of age the colt will thrive
on its mother's milk alone: at that age it can be
taught to eat finely-ground oats, one cupful, and
one teaspoonful of old process linseed oil meal twice
a day. At six months this should be increased to
line pint of ground oats and two teaspoonsful linseed
meal twice a day. It makes no difference whether the
colt is on grass or hay, it should have the grain
ration. Beginning with the winter it should have
one pint of ground oats, one pint bran and one table-
>])Oonful linseed-oil meal three times a day with a
light hay ration. Xever overfeed colts with hay.
This can be increased until at springtime, say, 12
months old, it is getting one quart ground oats, one
quart bran, one tablespoonful ("heaping) of linseed-
oil meal at a feed. When ready for pasture nail a
small box to a post about the right height for the
colt to feed easily and give him a quart of whole oats
morning and night. Keep a piece of rock salt in the
box all the time. If the pasture is of poor quality
increase the oats. You cannot grow a good colt
without good feed. You cannot raise a good crop
without good land or plenty of fertilizer for plant
food. This rule holds good in 90S> cases out of 1,000.

I have often heard of a scrub turning out to be a
rarely good horse, but the other 009 were scrubs pure
and simple. Tiie fact of the matter is, you cannot
produce something from nothing. Only the Al-
mighty can do that. You cannot raise a colt, cow,
sheep or hog without feed : the better the feed the

1903.]

THE SOUTHERN PLANTEE.

513

better the animal, provided always, it has the proper
progenitors. We do raise horses, cows, sheep and hogs
without much feed, and when we sell them we do not
get much for them; but we get imich loss in time,
labor and f rnitlessness of effort. One well bred, well
fed, well grown colt is worth two or three scrubs, so
far as proiit goes, and worth twenty times as much
•=0 far as pride goes, and who has no pride?
MecMenlvrg county, Va. Whitby.

A NOTABLE SHIPMENT OF BERKSHIRES FOR
BILTMORE FARM.

Editor Southern Planter:

Berkshire breeders do not need to l^e reminded
of that notable shipment made from the leading Eng-
lish herds in 1902, for they have before them the
record of the annual sale held at Biltmore on Feb-
ruary 3, 1903, when the world's average for Berk-
shire auction sales was made. The soimd jiidgment
and expert knowledge displayed by Mr. G, F. West-
ern and his most able assistant. Mr. K. Gentry, in
making that notable importation, was more than con-
firmed and justified by the grand result then obtained.

E.\perience has proved that, notwithstanding the
-ize of the Biltmore herd, it has been of itself unable
after supplying the heavy requirements of private
customers, to accumulate a sufficient reserve for its
annual sale, and hence for this object, as well as be-
cause there is no question but that the results secured
from English stock are such as justify their impor-
tation, another visit has just been made to England,
and, to the surprise of both Mr. Weston and Mr.
Gentry, they have been able to secure for their fourth
importation a selection of swine which, for their
grand breeding, individual merit and typical charac
ter are far ahead of any of the previous importations,
Why is this so many on your side will naturally be
inclined to ask. The reply is, however, one easily
given — namely, that the recuperative power of the
English herds is so great that were 75 per cent, of
their best pigs taken the breeders would, with perfect
ease, from those left soon produce as good, or even
a better, lot.

The main reasons why Mr. Vanderbilt, by the aid
of the consummate judgment and skill of Mr. Western
undertakes these annual importations, is a most
laiidable one — namely, the improvement of the breed
in America. The experience at Biltmore is such that
there is now no question but that if one desires to
secure the most typical and best Berkshires he must
either secure the services of an English animal or
some of their direct descendants. This having been

proven beyond dispute, there is no further occasion
for argument, and it may, therefore, be anticipated
with certainty that the Biltmore sale on February
9. 190' will prove equally as successful as the pre-
vious annual sales have been, which, like the forth-
coming sale, consisted entirely of imported stock.
The present importation left England en the 19th
of .Tune under the personal control and management
of that well-known expert and judge, Mr. Gentry,
and, like all the preceding importations, contained
only animals of the very choicest pedigree and breed-
ing, which were either themselves or their sires and
dams prize winners. In fact, none but prize winning
stock have been taken. Another, and probably
equally important siiie qua nan was also made a con-
dition of selection — namely, that no pig, no matter
how choice its pedigree or perfect its spnetry, was
included unless it had plenty of stamina, sound con-
stitution, good joints and feet and that had not in its
veins that blood which had in previous importations
proved itself to be speciallv fitted for crossing with
American-bred stock.

The present consignment of about seventy-five
head includes the following noted swine, which were
selected regardless of cost and at about from 25 to
30 per cent, higher prices than the previous importa-
tion, which arose from two facts — first, higher
quality; and, secondly, on account of the increased
demand for Berkshires in England:

Taking the different herds in order, we first deal
with that record selection made from the herd owned
by Mr. R. W. Hudson, of Danesfield, Marlow, Berk-
shire, from which forty-eight head were selected, a
fact that at once discloses the very exceptional merit
of this notable herd. All the show pigs of the pres-
ent year, except one, were taken, this one having been
previously sold. The first selected was Danesfield
AA'arrior, by Manor Favorite out of D. Porter's 1st,
tracing to the well known Pinnock blood. This boar
is a noted winner of first and champion prizes, includ-
ing the Royal Show at Carlisle. He was left last
year becaiise he had not then proved himself a stock
getter, this he has done and will be a valuable acqui-
sition to any herd. 1). Julius, an owm brother to this
Ixiar, is now stud boar in Sir A. Henderson's herd.
Xine other boars are included from this herd, amongst
them Danesfield Huntsman, First at Royal Coimties
Show this year. His own brother, who has been bred
on many of the imported sows, being also included.
The last named, by a very choice boar by Danesfield,
Haymaker, out of Danesfield Huntress, one of the
choicest strains of blood. The old sow, The Huntress,
has also been secured from Mr. E. Hayter, and is in-
cluded in this consignment. The Vain Maid blood

514

THE SOUTHERX PLANTER.

[August

is typically represented by Uanesfield Swansea, a
choicely bred boar, for he comes out of a daughter of
old Vain Maid, imported by Mr. Vanderbilt in 1808,
and wliose produce has been eminently successful
wherever exhibited.

The sows and gilts from Mr. Hudson number
thirty-eiglit head, a notable lot they are, space
will not allow of detailed mention of all, but
we take a few as typical of the rest. Gentle Jane
is the dam of Swansea, stud boar at H. R.
H. Prince Christian's farm, and a dam of many win-
ners, including the Royal Show from 1901 to 1903.
Banesfield Huntress, to which reference- has been
made above, and three of her best daughters, all by
Lord Carnarvon's noted stud boar, Drogheda. Two
grandsons out of Danesfield Mistress by Danesfield
Haymaker, five sons out of Danesfield Governess, who
was not for sale, her value being so groat. These have
as their sire Danesfield Loyal, a son of Loyal Berks,
whose value is so well known and appreciated in
America as t/i render any further reference unneces-
sary. Then we have that grand sow, Highclere .57th,
by Blenheim, a most valuable strain of blood. This
sow's exportation is a serious loss to the English herds
because with her goes almost the last of this most
valuable strain of blood; three of her daughters go
with her. al! by that notable boar, Danesfield Hay-
maker: Danesfield Countess, out of Danesfield
Duchess l)y Manor Favorite, served by Danesfield
Loyal, goes as well, a grand, typical son of highest
merit. Links Alive, by "NLinor Very Choice, by
Julius CjTsar, is another valuable sow. Manor Verv
Choice was sire of many animals sold at Biltmore
sale in 1900, and is a double cross of Ministry blood,
a line of blood that has been most successful both in
England and America.

^fr. E. Haytcr's grand herd, one of those small,
select herds which are good all through, supplies six
head, amongst them The Huntress, a grand sow,
founder of her line of blood, and one so highly ap-
preciated at Biltmore that an effort is being made to
secure the whole of it, no less than five generations
are now at Biltmore. Tact, by Historv^ a notable
boar, being a combination of very choice lines of
blood, is a grand brood sow, a dam of prize winners
for two of her gilts were at Andover in keen compe-
tition and are included in this selection, as is also
Sterling Bahn, a daiighter of the noted Blenheim,
out of a Stumpy Sow. whose pedigree includes those
noted sires and dams ]\rinistry, Hampton Park, by
Longstock, out of Wicket Lass. The other animal
from this herd is Lord Lyon, by Hand.\Tnan, im-
ported as a stud boar for Biltmore. He will not be
inclnded in the snle unless later arrangements cause

alteration. He is about the best boar that has left
England for many a day, and his stock, if all goes
well, will be of the highest value.

Mr. C. C. Smith's herd provides a very typical lot
of sows, mainly of the Rubicell blood, as represented
b>- that grand old sow. Old Queen of Hearts, already
well known to Americans bj' her produce at previous
sales. These are sired by Lisle Grand Ltike 1st at
Andover; 2d at Southampton, and 2d at the Bath
and West of England in 190.3, two other gilts by Col-
lege Boy, out of Lisle Duchess, a thoroughly typical
lot of highest merit. A pair of specially well bred
sons from Mr. P. L. Mills of the noted Melody strain
of blood, by Flagstaff, and a selection of special
merit and quality concludes this most notable ship-
7nent, which takes from England some of the choicest
of her Berkshires to enrich and improve those of
.Vmerica. W. W. Chapm-^ts-.

London, England.

TICKS ON CATTLE.

luiilor Southern Planter:

Referring to your remedy for ticks on cattle, in
reply to inquirv from T. C. Massie, please allow me
to suggest a better and simpler one : Mix equal parts
of common table salt and sulphur, pulverize and put
in the throughs or on any clean, hard surface where
the cattle can lick it, giving as much as they will
lick up clean, say, as much as can be picked up in
tjhe hand, and give i-egularly once a week during
the tick season. If ticks are very bad three parts
sulphur to one part salt can be used. The sulphur
works out through the pores of the skin, making the
ticks drop off", and it is also a fine blood purifier,
keeping cattle and all kinds of stock in excellent con-
dition. The cattle seem to like it, and mine lick it
up clean. T put it on clean, flat rocks, boards, in
troughs, or if none of these are convenient on bare,
hard ground.

I started out this year to keep my cattle free from
ticks if possible, and had often heard of the sulphur
remedy before, but had never given a thorough and
persistent trial. T put my cattle on pasture IMarch
30th, and at first gave them a mixture of one part
sulphur to three parts salt. First ticks appeared
April 37th, and T at once increased the sulphur to
one half. Since then my cattle have been compara-
tively free of ticks and in first-class condition in
every way. Occasionally I will see one with a few
ticks, but they do not amount to anything. Last vear
they were covered with ticks. The mixture must be
thoroughly pulverized and mixed together, and given
once or twice a week, as necessity demands.

Lnfaypfle mvniv. Ala. Wat-tkk A^'nRvw^

1903.]

THE SOUTHEKN PLANTEK.

515

The Poultry Yard.

EGGS AND THE COST OF PRODUCTION.

In our October issue last year we published a re-
port giving the results of co-operative experiments
made in jSTew Yoi'k State with a number of different
flocks of poultry to ascertain the average cost of
winter egg production. The experiment was under
the supervision of the Cornell Experiment Station.
This experiment, which concluded in March, 1902,
was continued with four of the flocks then amalga-
mated into three, so as to cover a whole year. The
flocks experimented with were A, B and C and K.
The following report gives the result of the year's
work :

YEARLY PRODUCTION OF EGGS.

Average Total No. of Average No. Average daily

Flock.

number of

eggs

of eggs

production per

hens.

produced.

per hen.

100 hens.

A

508i

59446

116.9

31.3

Band C. .

2891

39813

137.4

36 8

K

308|

41641

134.8

36.

Average. .

129 7

34.7

It will be seen by the above that the average num-
ber of eggs produced per hen is miich less than that
often claimed. Records of 200 eggs and more per
hen have been frequently published in the agricul-
tural press and elsewhere. Inasmuch as these flocks
represent the better class of poultrymen, and the
fowls were in all probability much better fed and
eared for than average flocks, it would seem that all
claimed records of more than 150 eggs per hen per
year should be abundantly verified before being
accepted.

FOOD CO.S,T OF ONE DOZEN EGGS.

The average monthly food cost of one dozen eggs
for each flock per year was: For Flock A, 10.1
cents : Flock B and C, 7.7 cents ; Flock K, 10. Ave-
rage, 9.2 cents. Average selling price, 21.4 cents,

PROFIT AND LOSS.

By "profit and loss'' is simply meant the relation
between the cost of the food consumed and the value
of the eggs produced at market rates. No account is
made of anything else, and it is, therefore, not really
a discussion of profit and loss, but the term is used
for want of a better. In the table below is given for
each flock the total cost of food, the total value of
product at market rates, the total profit and the ave-
rage profit per hen.

PROFIT (excess OF PRODUCT OVER COST OF FOOD.)

.„pr„„p Total Cost of Value "Profit"

^""^^- number cost of food of "Profit." per

food. per hen. eggs. hen.

A 508J $499.58 $.982 11060.72 $561.14 $1.10

BandC. . 2s9f 257.10 .887 694.38 437.28 1.51
K 3081 347.85 1.119 757.18 409.33 1.33

Average .996 1.31

It will be seen that it cost just about $1 each to
feed the 1,200 fowls under experiment for one year,
and that the value of the eggs at market rates ex-
ceeded the cost of food by $1.31 each. From this
must come the cost of labor, interest on investment
and equipment and profit to the owner. Of the
gross income very nearly 4-4 per cent, was required
for food, leaving 56 per cent, for cost of labor, in-
terest on investment and profit.

CONCLUSIONS.

In the year from December 1, 1901, to IsTovember
30, 1902, in three flocks representing 1,250 fowls, the
average daily production of eggs was 34.7 per cent.

The total veai-ly production per hen averaged 129.7
eggs.

The average food cost of one dozen eggs for the
year was 9.2 cents.

The average cost of feeding a hen for the year was
99.6 cents.

The average value of the eggs at market rates ex-
ceeded the cost of food by $1.31 per hen.

Forty-four per cent, of the total value of product
Avas required for food.

DON'T WE KEEP TOO MANY ROOSTERS?

Editor Southern Planter:

I see in July Planter you say to "Enquirer" not
to keep over twenty hens to one rooster. Now, Mr.
Editor, I would like for you to unravel a puzzle of
mine. It is this : Last February and March I had
from 400 to 500 hens and about twenty-five
roosters. I set in those months 130 hens, which all
hatched out by the middle of April about 1,600
chickens. As I did not wish to set any more eggs I
disposed of my roosters except four. Those I kept
to do the crowing for the farm. I have raised to
eating size 1,500 chickens. ISTow, in the last few
days two hens that stole their nests have come out
and brought twenty beautiful chickens. We have
found the nests and one hen sat on eleven eggs and
the other on twelve eggs — only three this hot weather
that did not hatch and one rooster to 100 hens. Now,
this is my puzzle. Will you be so kind as to answer,
and oblige your friend, John O. Otey.

Charles City county, Va.

Our friend puts to us a poser. When we advised
keeping one rooster to twenty or twenty-five hens
we wrote from our long practical experience in
poultry -keeping, during which time we had always
found that we got best results from about this pro-
portion. We have known good hatches to come from
eggs where only one rooster ran with fifty hens, but

516

THE SOUTHERN PLANTER.

[August

this is very uncertain in our experience. Every
poultry keeper knows that roosters have, like human
beings, their favorites amongst the female members
of their Hocks and will be found always consorting
more continuously with these than with the whole
flock. The larger the flock the greater the proportion
of neglected hens and the larger the percentage of
unfertilized eggs. In explanation of the good
hatches made by the two hens mentioned it may be,
and probably was, the case that these two hens were
favorites with one of the roosters and hence the fer-
tility of the eggs. We know it to be possible to keep
too many roosters for the best fertility of the eggs.
Between this and keeping too few there is, no doubt,
a considerable margin, but we are inclined to the be-
lief that we came near the correct proportion in the
figures named. What say others on this subject? —
Ed.

HAWKS AGAIN.
Editor Southern Planter:

Will some of the gentlemen who have been kind
enough to give the information about killing hawks
with strychnine help me a little further on the same
subject while the case is up ?

I have tried to keep hens for laying purposes, and
only raise enough chickens to keep the stock up, and
i although the information about young chickens is
very valuable, it does not meet my ease, which i
this : When T do not have young chickens the hawks
take the hens, and you know the best layers are
always the greatest foragers and will wander far
from the house, so that it is impossible to watch them
The hawk? then strike them down a long distance
away and cat them on the spot. The hawks have
grown so cunning that to trap or shoot them is out
of the question. N^ow, what I want to know is, can
I give strychnine to the grown hens so as to be effec-
tual in killing the hawks and not hurt the eggs for
eating or hatching purposes ? As this poison gets
assimilated with the blood will it not affect the eggs
more or less?

If any one can answer they will help me very
much, for I can scarcely keep a hen on the place,
much less make anything by them.

Chesterfield county, Va. H. Denhurst.

GAPES.

To an enquirer in July I give my preventative
and remedy for gapes. Mix a small quantity of red
pepper, pulverized for cayenne'! -with the dough.

say, four or i\\e times during the time the chickens
are small and most liable to the disease. A little ex-
perience will tell how long this will be necessary.
This has always with me been a certain preventative.

One day I obser\ed a little chicken gaping. I
procured a pinch of black pepper, inserted it in his
mouth, dropped him and off he went rejoicing. I
observed the brood more closelv and nearly all had
gapes. Same treatment cured all completely, and at
once. This is my remedy. S. E. Morgan.

Wood county, W. Va.

LICE.

I notice several persons are enquiring through
your columns for a preventative of vermin in poti^-
try houses. One that we have tried and found very
eftective is common coal tar. Simply paint the
nests and roosts with it and they disappear as if by
magic.

It is also good to dab a little on the hogs* backs
with a paddle, but be careful not to rub- it in too
much or it will cause the skin to peel.

Louisa county, Va. J. E. Tiiom.as?o:\-.

THE TOMATO AN INSECT REPELLER.

"I planted a peach orchard," writes. M. Siroy, of
the Society of Horticulture, "and the trees grew
srrongly. They had just commenced to bud when
invaded by the curculio fpulyon), which insects were
followed, as frequently happen^, by ants. Having
cut some tomatoes, the idea occurred to me that by
placing some of the leaves around the trunks and
branches of the peach trees I might preserve them
from the rays of the sun, which are very powerful.
My surprise was great upon the following day to find
the trees entirely free from their enemies, not one
remaining, except her and there, where a curled leaf
prevented the tomato from exercising its influence
These leaves I carefully unrolled, placing upon them
fresh ones from the tomato vine, with the result of
banishing the last insect and enabling the trees to
grow with luxuriance. Wishing to carry my experi-
ment still further, I steeped some 'leaves of the
tomato in water and sprinkled this infusion on other
plants, roses and oranges. In two days these were
^.Iso free from the innumerable insects which covered
them, and I feel sure that had I used the same means
w ith njy melon ])atch I should have met with the same
result. I, therefore, deem it a duty I owe to the
Society of Horticulture to make tno\vn this singular
and useful property of the tomato leaves."

1903.]

THE SOUTHERN PLANTER.

517

The Horse.

NOTES.

The_Virginia Circuit of horse shows has assumed
much greater importance ttan its originators even
looked for, and the present season promises to be
the most successful in its history. The horse show
is * an educator and certainly merits the generous
patronage so freely accorded it by the best people of
the commimities in which its exhibitions are held
It opens and provides markets for our highest class
horses and has been of untold benefit in encouraging
and promoting the breeding interest. The season be
gan with a fine show at Leesburg in June and was
followed by another of equal merit at Upperville
during the same month. Then those at Culpeper,
Manassas and Orange came off in July. During the
present month the Front Royal show is booked for
tjhe .5th and 6th; Berryville the 12th and 13th
Harrisonburg the 19th and 20th, and Warrenton the
26th and 27lh. The dates fixed for Charlottesville
are September 2d and 3d, which marks the last of the
open-air affairs, and then the scene shifts to Lynch-
burg, where active preparations are being made for a
high-class show during the week of October 7th to
10th, to be held in the amphitheatre ferected for the
purpose. The Richmond Horse Show will come off
during the week of October 12th to I7th, and will' be
the greatest affair of the kind ever seen in the South.
It has also been decided to hold a show atNorfolk, to
follow right after Richmond, and substantial men
are backing the venture and will doubtless make it
a success.

Recent foals at Belgravia Farm, Mount Jackson,
Va., the property of James Cox, include a bay filly
by Kelley, 2:27; dam Frances S. Dayton, 2:27 3-4,
by Cadmus; second dam, Daisy DaVton, of Lake
Erie, 2:13 1-2, etc., and a bay colt by Kelly, dam
Cherie, by Axtelloid ; second dam Lady Purdy, the
sister to Charlie C, 2:13 1-4, by Sam Purdy. The
colt is stoutly made and rather on the coarse order
of its dam; but the filly has all of the exquisite
quality and elegance of Kelly, son of Electioneer
and famous thoroughbred Esther, dam of Expres-
sive, 3, 2:12 1-2, ^hat heads the Belgravia stud.
Kelly has a record of 2 :27, but in his work while
being trained could show two minute flights of speed.
Lucy Montrose, the bay mare 4, bred and owned
at Belgravia, is in the stable of Tom Cannon at Bal-
timore, as is Helen Wilmer, the chestniit filly 2,
both of whom are by Kelly. Lucy Montrose shows
speed and is highly thought of, but for elegance of
form, beautv and finish Helen Wilmer is not sur-

passed by a 2 year old in all Virginia. She is out
of the great brood mare Erena, 2 :19 3-4, dam of
AUercyone, 2:17 1-4, etc., by Alcyone, 2:27, son of
George Wilkes and Alma Mater.

Virginia horses made quite a clever impression at
the recent Atlantic City Horse Show, especially those
from the stables of ('harles H. Hurkamp, of the
Boscobel Farm, Fredericksburg, and Courtland H.
Smith, Hampton Farm, Alexandria. The Boscobel
horses were badly shaken up by the car being struck
heavily jiist before shipment, and all of them were
thrown down. Amaret, the crack high jumper, and
Hornpipe, the sturdy roan heavy-weight hunter, both
escaped with shaking up, but Field Marshal, Meadow
PUime and Colonel Hawkins were not so fortunate,
and sustained considerable injury. Hornpipe was
first in the class for heavy-weight hunters and Amaret
second in that for jumpers, open to all, his success-
ful competitor for first being the noted Heather-
bloom.

Lucy Sutherland, from the Hampton stable, was
first in the classes for light-weight hunters, gi-een,
and in that for thoroughbred hunters. This good-
looking bay daughter of St. Carolus and Expensive,
by Spendthrift, was formerly a member of the brood
mare band at Hampton, but since being taken up and
schooled to jump she has developed into a performer
of real class. Among the competitors in the field
for thoroughbred hunters were the brown gelding
Joker, owned by T. L. Evans, of Warrenton, and
Colonel Hawkins, from the Boscobel stable. The
two last named came second and third. In Class 38,
open himt clubs, for best three hunters from one
bunt, ridden by members or subscribers of the re-
spective hunts in the hunt uniformj the blue ribbon
went to the Cameron Hunt Club, Alexandria, and
the red to the Deep Run Hunt Club, of Richmond.
.^ jt jt

One of the most prominent and probably the best
known of North Carolina breeding establishments is
beautiful Alamance Farm with its thousand^ d£
fertile acres near the busy manufacturing town of
Graham, and it is there that L. Banks Holt, a
wealthy cotton factor, banker, man of affairs, breeder
and owner of trotters and pacers makes his home and
dispenses hospitality of the typical southern kind.
John R. Gentry, 2 :00 1-2, ex-pacing King, ^d one
of the gi'eatest and handsomest of trotting bred
lateral gaited performers, was formerly a member of
the Alamance stud, and some of his get are there

518

THE SOUTHERN PLANTER.

[August

now, among them the beautiful brown stallion, Giles
^lebane. who now heads the farm. He has a pacing
record of 2:1fi3-4, and is out of the great brood
mare, Winnie D., dam of four in the list and others
to follow. Gregorian, 2 :20 3-4, the sire of Glencoe,
2:16 1-4, and other good horses, is the stud com-
panion of Giles Mebane, while the brood mare band
includes Winnie D. and Blondette. dam of Governor
Holt, 2:15, and Eliza Ingram, 2:21 1-4.

jt Jt Jt
In Pet«r Paul, Robert Bradley has a worthy suc-
cessor to Roliert Waddell, the noted son of Aloha
that won the American Derby in 1001. Peter Paul
is also by Aloha, and, like Robert Waddell, may be
returned a winner of the American Derby, as he is
entered in that event for 1'J03. This 2-year-old
unsexed son of Aloha was bred at Mr. Bradley's
Greenway Farm, near Wilcox Wharf, and has clearly
shown himself to be one of the greatest youngsters
out this season, as he retains his form and wins about
two races each week on average. Peter Paul's dam,
Eminence, the daughter of Imp. Kyrle Daly, is
owned at Greenway, and was bred again last spring
to ^Vloha. The latter is iNfr. Bradley's principal
stallion, and at 18 is vigorous and well preserved.
Little chance has been given the brown son of Imp.
St. Mungo to distinguish himself as a sire, but his
get are coming to the front as race winners, never-
theless.

^ Jt Jt

The annual catalogue and prize list of the Rock-
ingham Hor«e and Colt Show Association has been
issued, and premiums are offered for thoroughbreds,
trotters, high stepping harness horses, park saddlers,
hacknevs and various othtr classes. The show will
be held at Harrisonburg Augtist 10th and 20th, and
is one of the most important in the Virginia circuit,
being right in the midst of a big breeding and grazing
district !Mr. J. Samuel Harnslierger is the presi-
dent of the Association, and Dr. John A. Myers has
served as secretary for years past, while the board of
directors is made up of these gentlemen along with
other well known and prominent breeders and stock
raisers in the '"Valley of Virginia."

^fr. Henry L. L^pshur, of the Elkington Farm.
East^ille, Va., who is one of the best kno^-n owners
and breeders of trotters and pacers on the Eastern
Shore, writes us that his horses are all doing well.
Salem, son of Iroquois and Fernwood, by Lance-
wood, is the premier sire at Elkington, and some of
his get are being worked for speed over the half mile
track at the farm. Sam Patch, 2 :23;}, the bay geld-
ing by Salem, dam Pansy, by Bajardo, is in train-
ing, and will be raced again this season. He is in
fine shape and will be likely to materially reduce his
record. Hardv H., bv Salem, has trotted to a re-

cord of 2 :17^ this season in a long drawn out race.

and Sam Patch is considered equally as fast.

Among others in the training stable at Elkington are

iNlonnie J., bay mare, 4, by Salem ; bay gelding, 1. by

^^^lite Tip, dam by Lancelot, fast but erratic; and a

couple of promising three-year-old colts, one owned

bv Albert Savage, Stewart's AVharf, Va., and the

other by W. Gibb, Capeville, Va. The Savage colt

was sired by Bursar, 2 :1T^, the dead son of Stranger,

dam, the dam of Stella, 2 :24|. He is a pure gaited

trotter and promises speed and race horse quality

of a high order.

^ ^ ^

One of the best looking yearlings around here is
the bay colt by Eloroy, 2 :14 3-4, dam Fern, 2 :18 3-4,
by Petoskey, owned by his breeder, W. H. Xelson.
Eloroy, the son of Simmons, that sired this youngster,
Avas a horse of more than ordinary finish, looks and
speed, and highly regarded by the Nelsons, who sold
him for export to Austria in 1002. Fern, the dam,
is now owned by Luther Libby, who bred her this
season to Great Stakes. 2 :20, and she appears to be
in foal to that good son of Billy Thomhill.

Dr. J. T. J. Battle, of Greens boro, N. C, has sold
to George R. Richmond, who ti-ains at the Deep Run
Hunt Club track, this citr, the bav pacing gelding
Doug. Thomas, 2:16f, by 'Blue Hal. This horse is
mtich faster than his record indicates, as in the
hands of T. INf. Arrasmith he paced a trial in 2 :105
last fall. The price was close to $1,000, and to
Richmond the big son of Blue Hal is worth the
money.

jt ^ .^

Among the thorouglibred foals of 1003, the prop-
ertyl of P. S. Hunter, Loretto, Va., dropped at
Otterbitm Stud, are a bay filly, by Judge Morrow,
dam Ginka, by imp. Emperor, and a bay colt, by the
~ame sire from Sneeze, by imp. ilorte'mer. Judge
Morrow, the son of Vagabond, that heads Mr. Hun-
ter's stud, was a crack race horse, and will most likelv
sire winners. Broad Rock. '

v!« J* jt

Ta: Kerr reports tlic following foals at Antrim
Stud, Warrenton, Va. :

January 31st, Valorous, by imp. Stalwart-
Minority, a bay or brown colt by Chorister.

February 10th, Onslea, by Fremont-Nellie Van, a
bay colt by Chorister.

April ibth, Bona Dea. by imp. Eolus Sis O'Lee,
a bay colt by Chorister.

"May 18th, Merrie Antoinette, by Buchaman-High-
lander mare, a bay colt by Chorister.

April 30th, Chestnut Mare, by Knight of Eller-
slie- Pogeine, a bay colt by Chorister.

May 12th, Thirty, by St Blaze-Habinera. a bay
colt bv Chorister.

1903.]

THE SOUTHERN PLANTER.

519

Miscellaneous.

THE VIRGINIA CROP PEST LAW.

The Virg-inia Crop Pest Commissioners invite
attention to the provisions of the act passed bv the
Legislature amending the law and providing funds
for more etticient dealing with some of the serions
pests like San .fose scale. The Commission has been
reorganized, and has prepared a bulletin setting forth
the terms of the laM', and pointing out the lines of
work thoiight to be most exjDedient. Acopy of this
bulletin can be obtained on application to Professor
J. L. Phillips, the State Entomologist, Experiment
Station, Blaeksbnrgr, Va.

VIRGINIA AT THE ST. LOUIS EXPOSITION.

The Commission appointed for collecting and ar-
ranging the exhibit of Virginia at the Exposition is
actively engaged in securing exhibits, and asks that all
who desire to see Virginia well represented will com-
municate with them as to anything worthy of being-
exhibited. An effort is being made to erect on the
grounds at St. Louis a State building as a centre for
the distribiition of matter calculated to help in the ad-
vancement of the interests of the State. The Com-
mission has no power to use any of the money appro-
priated by the State for this purpose. If, therefore,
a building is to be erected it will have to be by public
subscription. Any who may desire to help in this
matter should send their contributions to the Com-
missioners, care of the State Department of Agricul-
ture, Richmond, Va.

SALE OF PURE BRED SHORT HORNS.

Major W. W. Bentley, of Pulaski county, Va., and
Major J. T. Cowan, of Montgomery county, Va.,
'both well known and long time breeders of the finest
strains of Short Horns, announce in this issue a sale
of fine stock. Major Bentley will practically sell
the whole of his herd, only reserving a few animals.
The reputation he has sustained for a lifetime for
breeding only the choicest strains and the finest gi-own
cattle will be sustained by the animals he will offer.
The draft from Major Cowan's well known herd will
include some finely bred animals. We bespeak for
these gentlemen a good attendance at the sale and
hope to hear that good prices have been realized.
Those who want Short Horns — and a better breed of
beef and milk producing stock cannot be kept —

should ninke a note of the date of sale and be on hand.
The sale will take place at Radford, on the Norfolk
and Western Railroad, and will therefore be con-
venient for attendance.

HOGS AND STRYCHNINE.

Editor Southern Planter:

I see a communication from Burfort, S. C, from
Senex, saying strychnine would not kill hogs. I was
once bothered, as he says, that certain parts of Geor-
gia were, with hog thieves. I had gathered my com
from the river bottoms, and was going to turn my
Jiogs out to glean the fields. T had heard that feed-
ing hogs strychnine would kill the thief, and not hurt
the hogs. I put about a teaspoonful of strychnine in
slop for thirty hogs. The first eleven that got a
swallow or two died. Some of them did not take
time to turn over. They were dead almost before
jow could say "scat," and I believe it would have
killed the whole thirty if I had let them eat the slop.
The hogs weighed from two to two hundred and fifty
pounds. I never lost any more hogs by thieves or
strychnine. Would like "Senex" to explain why
strychnine killed my hogs. Let those who want to
catch hog thieves by poisoning hogs be careful or
they will^get the hog first. I have used strychnine on
a good many, things, and have never had it fail on
anything that had an eye or heart, even if it was
born or hatched blind. I hope the letter of Senex
will not catch any one as T was caught by relying
on the old saying, "Poison the hog to catch the thief."
I cannot see how any animal can get enough poison
in its system by taking it to kill another animal or
man without serious effects.

Stjbsceibek.
Chester county, S. C.

CROPS AND STOCK IN PULASKI CO., VA.

Editor Southern Planter:

The season has improved things for us very much
in the last month. But the crops still show the ef-
fects of the drouth in the early season. The cattle
market is very unsatisfactory. Cattle in the county
are fiiUy up to the standard at this season of the
year, notwithstanding the short feed crops of last
year, only the price seems wanting. We have no

520

THE SOUTHERN PLANTER.

[August

complaints, through the press or otherwise, against
the beef trust, oulv the fanner suffers this time. The
spring lambs have helped us some, as they have so
far brought fairly good prices, and this county fur-
nishes quite a large supply to the Northern markets.
There was shipped to Jersey City on June 1st one
carload of half Suffolk Down lambs, every one a
black face, and the average weight was 90 pounds.
Thcv brought a quarter of a cent per pound over the
top of the market. If any county in the State can
heat that for the same date of shipment, we would
like to hear from them. The Suffolk has so far
proven to be an excellent cross on our native and
high grade sheep. They are large and handsome,
with very black faces and legs. The cross rarely
ever fails to bear in a marked degree these charac-
teristics. It is the most striking and attractive bred
of sheep I have ever seen. I believe your excellent
paper better adapted to the practical use of the Vir-
s:inia farmr than any other agricultural paper in
the country. I wish it came every week instead of
once a month. D . M. Clotd.

Pulaski Co., Va.

CALIFORNIA PRIVET.

In our last issue the types make our correspon-
dent, Mr. Wallis, when writing on this subject, make
a most annoying blunder in the botanical name of the
plant. What he wi-ote was "Ligustrum ovalifblium,"
and not as printed. We corrected the proof, but the
printer overlooked the correction. We apologize for
the error.

Fertilizer for Raspberries and Strawberries.

I raise, for family use only, strawberries and resp-
berries. I do not like to fertilize with stable manure,
because it introduces grass, clover and weeds. I
have some chicken manure, but not enough. Can I
profitably apply commercial fertilizers? If so, what
should I use for each; how much and when should
it be applied ? Would it not be well to mulch the
raspberries thickly with forest leaves?

Would it pay to sow crimson clover as late as
October to plough under in the spring ? C. W.

Potash is a most desirable fertilizer to use on all
fruit crops, as it improves the quality and appear-
ance of the frnit. You also need some phosphoric
acid. The chicken manure will give you all the
nitragen you need. Apply 300 pounds of acid phos-
phate and 100 pounds of muriate of potash per acre

with the chicken manure. Although October is
rather late to sow crimson clover, yet we have known
good stands made sown in that month. Mulching
will help both raspberries and strawberries. — Ed.

Improving Poor Land.

I wish you would please answer a question for me
and make any improvement you think best on my
plan of raising corn on poor, gray land: First,
plough land deep and harrow imtil thoroughly pul-
verized ; streak off in rows eight feet apart and
plant corn eigliteen inches apart with 500 pounds
potash and phosphoric acid per acre; cultivate with
weeder and cultivator and at the last cultivation sow
peas broadcast, using 150 pounds potash and phos-
phoric acid broadcast; then cut corn and sow in
annual clover or annual clover and something else
(how about rye?) using 200 pounds some fertilizer;
cut for hay and pursue same method. ' Now, will my
land improve under sulh a system carried out fully
and continiially cropped in those three plants, two
of them being legumts ? George Tarry.

Vance county, N. C.

If you will follow out the rotation yoii have de-
scribed you will undoiibtedly succeed in making the
land produce good crops and become fertile. We
would suggest that you make the fertilizer acid phos-
phate and potash rather than potash and phosphate.
^^^lat you most need is phosphoric acid. We would
apply two-thirds acid phosphate to one-third potash.
If you would give a dressing of lime, say 25 to 50
bushels per acre, we believe you need not apply anj'
potash or only a very light application, say 50
pounds of muriate of potash per acre. After two or
three years you should be able to make your corn
rows closer than five feet, say three feet six inches.
We assume that you intend to plow down the peas at
any rate for a year or two. — Ed.

ROOT PRUNING OF TREES.

The Netherland Pomological Society records in its
year book an experiment made in root pruning. The
experimenter selected 1-, 2- and 3-year-old apple and
pear trees. One half of each lot were transplanted
in the usual manner, whilst the others had their roots
so severely pruned that only a stick was left. The
trees of the first lot started off most vigorously in
the spring, but before the end of June the closely
pruned trees were larger than the others, and this
lead was maintained throughout the season. When
the trees were dug up it was found that the closely
pruned ones had developed a much better root system
than the others.

1903.]

THE SOUTHElliNT PLANTEK.

521

THE

Southern Planter

lUBLISHED BY

RICHMOND, VA.

Issued on 1st of kach Month.

PT.

J. F. JACKSON,

Editor and General Manager.

B. MORGAN SHEPHERD,

Business Manaoer.

TERMS FOR ADVERTISING.
Rate card furnlBhed on application.

TERMS FOR SUBSCRIPTION.

THE SOUTHERN PLANTER is mailed to
subscribers In the United States and Canada
at oOc. per annum; all foreign countries and
the city of Richmond, 75c.

REMITTANCES should be made direct to
this office, either by Registered Letter or
Money Order, which will be at our risk. When
made otherwise we cannot be responsible

ALWAYS GIVE THE NAME of the Post-
Offlce to which your paper is sent. Your
name cannot be found on our books unless
this Is done.

WE INVITE FARMERS to write us on any
agricultural topic. We are always pleased to
receive practical articles. Criticism of Arti-
cles, Suggestions How to Improve THE
PLANTER, Descriptions of New Grains
Roots, or Vegetables not generally known!
Particulars of Experiments tried, or Improved
Methods of Cultivation are each and all wel-
come. Contributions sent us must not be
furnished other papers until after they have
appeared in our columns. Rejected matter
will be returned on receipt of postage.

SUBSCRIBERS failing to receive their paper
promptly and regularly, will confer a favor
by reporting the fact at once.

THE DATE ON YOUR LABEL shows to
what time your subscription is paid.

NO ANONYMOUS communications or en-
quiries will receive attention

Address— THE SOUTHERN PLANTER.

RICHMOND, VA.

DETAIL INDEX TO ENQUIRER'S

COLUMN.

Alfalfa 500

Cattle With Sore Eyes 500

Cement for Walls 500

Concrete Buildings 501

Alfalfa 501

Seeding Winter Oats 501

Plant for Name 501

Plant for Name 501

Grass for Name 502

Improving Land for Corn 502

Cramp in Horses 502

Home-Made Pickles, Wine, Grape

Juice 502

Fertilizer for Clover 502

Rotation of Crops for Hogs 502

Johnson Grass 503

Peach Trees Dying 503

Alfalfa 503

Cross-Breeding Sheep 503

Apple Scab — Bitter Rot or Brown

Rot 503

Bermuda Grass 504

Spraying Fruit Trees 504

Ice House 504

PUBLISHER'S NOTES.

TO ADVERTISERS.

All advertisements and matter
pertaining- to advertising must
reach us by the 25th of each
month. Please bear this in mind.

Trial Subscriptions.

Aug-ust, in this section, is es-
sentially a month of picnics, bar-
liecnes, camp-meetings, etc. It is
something of a holiday for the
farmer after his arduous work of
spring planting and summer har-
vesting. We wish to ask our
friends who attend these various
gatherings not to forget the South-
ER.\ Pi.A.NTER. JSTumbers of farm-
er? in the South do not take the
Southern Pl.\.nter or any other
agricultural journal, which fact
accounts for us being behind the
Xorth and West in our farming
operations. These are the farmers
M-e want to get at. To induce such
to subscribe, we will accept a .3
mouths' trial subscription for 10
cents. If any one feels that he
hasn't gotten his money's worth,
aud a great deal more, just say so
and we will refund the money at
once. We know, however, from
experience that a large majority of
such subscribers renew their sub-
scriptions after having read a copy
or two. Mention this little offer
to your friends, and we will return
the favor at anv time.

PERFECT BLISS.

William's table manners were noto-
riously bad— so bad that he was fa-
cetiously accused of spoiling the man-
ners of a pet coon chained in the back
yard. He gripped his fork as though
afraid it was going to get away from
him, and he used it like a hay fork.
Reproaches and entreatlies •were in
vain. His big sister's pleading,
"Please, William, don't eat like a pig,"
made no impression upon him.

One day William and his bosom
friend, a small neighbor, dined alone,
and William was heard to say in a
tone of great satisfaction as he plant-
ed both elbows on the table, "Say,
Harry, there's nobody but us. Let's
eat like hogs and enjoy ourselves." —
Caroline Lockhart, In July Llppln-
cott's.

■^•^^w^^*^

■" 1

Wood's Seeds

FOR FALL SOWING.

Farmers and Gardeners who de-
sire the latest and fullest informa-
tion about

Vegetable and Farm Seeds

should write for Wood's New
Fall Catalogue. It tells all about
the fall planting of Lettuce, Cab-
bage and othsr Vegetable crops

which are proving so profitable to
southern growers. Also about

Crimson Clover, Vetches,

Grasses and Clovers,

Seed Oats, Wheat,

Rye, Barley, etc.

\\'ood's New Fall Catalogue mailed
free on request. Write for it.

T.W. WOOD & SONS,

Seedsmen, = Richmond, Va.

Virginia Polytechnic institute

STATE AGRICULTURAL AND MECHANICAL COLLEGE

at Blacksburg, Va.,

A SOUTHERN INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY.

Forty-five instructors. Thoroughly equip-
ped shops, laboratories and infrmary. Farm
of four hundred acres. Steam heating and
electric lishts In dormitories. Degree courses
in Agriculture, Horticulture, Civil, Mechani-
cal and Electrical Engineering, Applied
Chemistry and General Science. Shorter
courses in Practical Agriculture and Practi-
cal Mechanics. Total cost of session of nine
months, including tuition and other fees,
board, washing, text-books, medical attend-
ance, etc., about ?195. Cost to State students
about $165. Next session begins September
21. 1903. For catalogtie and other informa-
tion, apply to

J. M. McBRYDE, Pb. D., LL. D., President.

YOUR GIRL

Needs an education. Send for Cata-
logue of WOODLAWN SEMINARY &
MUSICAL INSTITUTE, GORDONS-
VIIXE, VA. Beautifully and health-
fully situated at the foot of the Blue
Ridge Mountains. Prepares for any
College or Special School or for Teach-
ing. Beautiful home; thorough instruc-
tion. All Grades, including English,
Elocution, Music and Art. Expenses
very low.
EDGAR STINSON, M. Sc, Principal.

■urij 2 »«r» j«iu v« Uti
bMn tndning mea ud wom«D
for biuin«s8. Onij fioiissu Col-
l«g« in Vft., &nd Mwnd in Seatb
to own its building. No TaoatioD.
Cttaiogua free, Bookkaaping,
Sbortband, Penmansbip bj mail.

"laading bns. eoL soma Potomao i

Menllon the Southern Planter in
writing.

522

THE SOUTHERN PLANTER.

[August

BEWARE OF OINTMENTS FOR CA
TAKRH THAT CONTAIN MER
CURY,
As mercury wil! surely destroy the
sense of smell and completely derange
the whole system when entering it
through the mucous surfaces. Such
articles should never be used except on
prescriptions from reputable physi-
cians, as the damage they will do is
ten-fold to the good you can possibly
derive from them. Hall's Catarrh
Cure, "manufactured by F. J. Cheney
& Co.. Toledo, O., contains no mercury,
and is taken internally, acting directly
upon the blood and mucous surfaces of
the system. In buying Hall's Catarrh
Cure be sure you get the genuine. It
is taken internally and made in Toledo,
Ohio, by F. J. Cheney & Co. Testi-
monials free.

Sold by Druggists. Price, 75c. per
bottle.

Hall's Family Pills are the best.

WITH THE ADVERTISERS.

Slug Shot, for cabbage worms, is
advertised bv Benjamin Hammond.
Fishkill, N. Y.

The German Kali Works renews its
contract for another term, beginning
with the card elsewhere in this issue.

Antrim Stock Farm has an an-i
noiincement in another column.

Celery plants are offered by Mr. E.
A. Swineford. of Richmond. Va.

Mr. W. B. McGregor has Aberdeen-
Angus cows and bulls for sale.

Ormsby Bros, are new advertisers
in this issue. Fine Scotch Topped
Shorthorns are their offering.

Look up the advertisement of W.
T. Brown, the Pittsburgh real estate
man.

Foxhall Farm. Norfolk, Va., has an
advertisement in this issue.

Ma.iors Cowan and Bentley adver-
tise a public sale of shorthorns. Look
up the advertisement for particulars.

Mr. A. E. JIcMurdo has some good
wine barrels for sale.

The Havana Metal Wheel Company
is a new advertiser in this issue.

Mr. James Boyle is advertising his
steel stanchion and modern sanitary
stalls.

Ware View Stock Farm has some
choicely bred Berkshlres at reasonable
prices.

The Spangler Low Down Drill ad
vertisement makes its appearance i
thiF number.

H. R. Graham offers his entire flo
of registered Shropshires.

D. M. Cloyd has some Suftolkdowns
for sale. Look into the merits of this
breed.

The Chicago House AVrecking Com-
pany has three advertisements in this
iBBue.

The Florence Wagon Works is with
us with an advertisement again this
fall. Their product has been on the
market .for 22 years and always gives
satisfaction.

Polled-Durhams can be bought of J.

husker and shredder is a "Little Giant" when it
comes to considering the amount of work it will do
In a day. Every corn grower can well afford to own
the McCormick "Little Giant" husker and shredder.
The machine has capacity enough for several farms
where two or more want to join together in the
purchase. The stover from the McCormick is
relished by the stock.

W. K. BACHE, General Agent for

McCormick Machines, Richmond, Va.

'^'^^^'•'■^ I ii u iifliilii'lfti

ill that Will

SATT LUMBER

WE MAKE SAW MILLS

that cut accurate hi mix; rand plenty of
it. 8 to 30 horse power. Capacity
4,0OO to ZO.OOO fact of luBiber per
day.

Prices from $160 to $7M

ntaii

able

U AM[Rl(Afi"s£tDlHOMA(HlWE CO.. soc^^Si^i^^^^fy^-co.. LOmSVRlt'KY.,

Cabbage Worms

KILLED BV DUSTING WITH

Hammond's ^iug Shot.

!=olil by the Seed Dealer For
Pamphlet on Bugs and Blights
address. B. HAMMOND,
Pl5hkill-on.Hud«on, ■ N. Y.

1903.]

THE SOUTHERN PLANTER.

523

SUPER

Seeding Machines are used by the most prosper-
ous farmers in all secxicns of the world. They
do the work of seeding just right — never clog' in
trash. They successfuHy sow and cover the seed
in any field where a disc harrow will run. A man
cr a boy can seed one-fourth to one-half more
land in a day than with any other drill. Superior
Seeding Machines are made solid and^strong uf
the best m.aterials. They are light draft. No neck
weight. Easy on man and team. Ournew Cat-
alogue No. 14 is free. Write for it today.

SUPERIOR DIVISION,

AMERICAN SEEDING MACHINECO.,

SPRINGFIELD, OHIO.

GRAIN DRILL

^ The TORK FORCE FEED DRILL c...

lightness with slrengtb. Most complete drill
' Nc "oriipiex gearing to pet out of order. Boxes
osetogrouud. Fully

Easily \^^^=^^>^ Gaarauteed

regil-
Wcieht,

«nl.T too Ibi _

9 Wanted.

for Catalopne.
THE HENCH&DROMGOLlI CO.,'^

Mfrs., Yoi-U. I'u.

rarvd Above

only hope is efiecti

DitcK?

"OlipXp Hydraulic

ENGINES.

iipply. when uater may le

Iraw □ through buildings,

table, yards,

up pure

I RIFE ENGINE CO.. 126 Liberty St.. N«w York.

L. Humbert, Charlottesville, Va.

Lee's Prepared Agricultural Lime is
offered our readers, as usual, this
season. Look up the advertisement
and send for testimonials and circu-
lars.

Byrd Brothers are offering good,
growth y Poland-China pigs at pork
prices.

Arrowhead Stock Farm is offering
some royally-bred Poland Chinas; also
registered Shropshires.

Note the change in the advertise-
ment of the Hayflelds Stock Farm.

Sunny Home Aberdeen Angus cat-
tle are in fine shape, so Mr. A. L.
French, the proprietor, tells us.

International Stock Food Company
has a large advertisement on another
page. Look it up and send for their
free ?3,000 stock book.

HOW TO HANDLE LIA'^E DUCK
FEA^THERS.

The feathers of Pekin ducks are of
especial value from the fact of their
being white. What are termed "live
feathers" are always in demand, and
this means feathers picked from live
geese and ducks. As feather producers
alone, Pekin ducks may be made a
profitable industry on every farm.
They will produce some three or four
crops of feathers during the months
that are sufticiently warm to pick them,
and a dozen ducEs will soon furnish
one with a beautiful new pair of
feather pillows.

When the ducks begin dropping their
feathers, or molting them, as the pro-
cess is called, they are then ripe, and
fit for picking, and the feathers, can
be pulled out without having blood left
in the end of the shaft. Better to
pick, and thus save the feathers, than
to have the farm covered with them.
Ducks well washed in cold or warm
water before picking then put on clean
straw to dry. give beautifully white,
.'lean feathers.

When the picking is done, put the
feathers into several sacks of very thin
material and han.g them out of doors
in the air all day and every day. I
have learned by experience to put the
down into one sack, and the feathers
into another, when picking. To take
from new feathers the disagreeable
odor that stays with them so long
usually, and which comes from the
meaty end of new picked feathers, they
can be plunged into very hot water,
left there to scald for a little time,
then rinsed and hung in the hot sun
to dry. Having taken the precaution
to keep down and feathers separate,
the feathers will dry in fluffy shape
and make desirable pillows.

In one lot of feathers in which we
put a heavy picking of down, and then
scalded, we found they would not re-
turn to their original state of light-
ness, but were inclined to be pasted to-
gether with the down, and remain
somewhat rolled.

After feathers have been scalded and
dried, the down can be mixed with

Wise Mian's
Wagon.

vho has had esperienco
in running a wagon knows that it
IS the wheels that determine the
life of the wagon itself. Our

ELECTRIC wV^

have given a
wagons. Thei

any width of tire up to 8 inchest With -..^..,.v-«™
wheels you can in a few minutes have either a high
or a low down wat'on. The Electric Handy
Waeon 18 made by skilled workmen, of best select-
ed material— white hickory axlea, steel wheels, steel
hounds, etc G uaranteed to carry 4000 lbs. Here is
the watron that will save money for you, as It
lasts almost forever. Ourcatalog describing the uses
of these wheels and wagons sent free. Write for it.

ELECTRIC WHEEL CO., BOX 146 QUINCY, ILLINOIS.

WE LEAD THE WORLD

We are the largest manufac-
turers of Grooved and Plain
Tire Steel Farm Wagon
Wheels in America. We
guarantee our patent
Grooved Tire Wheels to
be the best made by anybody
anywhere. Write us.

HAVANA METAL WHEEL GO.

WE'LL PAY THE FREIGHT

and lend i Uufgj « litrLi, Sle.l Tire un, . JT.-it
Wilb Bubber TlrM, $16,00. I mtg. wheels !<' to * In
tread. Top BuggieH, $28.75 ; Harn«B9, $3.60. Wriie fo'
catalosDe. Learn how to buy vebiclea and parts direct
Wagon Umbrella FBEE. W. T. BOOB, ClneldnaU. O

THE IMPROVED

Chamberlin Mfg. Co., Olean, N. Y., U, S.-^A.

HERCULES STUMP PULLER

rs an acre of heavy timber land each day.
Clears all stumps in a circle of 150 ft. without
moving or changing machine, Strongest, most
rapid working and best made.
Hercules Mfg. Co.. 413 17th St., Centreville. Iowa.

524

THE SOUTHERN PLANTER.

[August

Just Ask the Horse.

RED RIPPER ^^'

Press

the horse doesn't know that,
easy at the end of the stroke as
" ' '" ' sy capacity

eNo.lSS tells your

^ . ed from Red Ripper pur-
chasers. Distributing points, Baltimore. Memphis, Cincin-
•""'■ Address SIKES MFC. CO., Helana, Ceorgla.

them if (iesiied, or kept to make down
cushions and pillows. If the feathers
are not scaldpd, the disagreeable odor
of new feathers remains a long time,
yet it disappears if the sacks of feath-
ers are kept out of doors or in an open,
roomy chamber or storeroom.

CURIOUS GRAFTING.

Professor Green, of the Minnesota
State School of Agriculture, has, by a
process of grafting, grown fully de-
veloped tomatoes on a potato vine. He
cut off the young shoots of a potato
vine, making a V-shaped slit in the
top, into which he inserted a freshly
clipped young tomato plant, and bound
the joint w-ith straw and supported It
by long rods. Nature did the rest;
the tomato drew its substance from the
earth through the roots of the potato,
and in return furnished what was re-
quired in the way of the action of
light and air upon its own leaves to its
adopted roots. Professor Green's sole
object was to show what could be done
in the way of grafting widely separated
]i!ants. The work is a proof of skill in
the grattsman, but it show's the extent
to which nature will act to repair a
wound. It shows also that the action
of the stalks is not dependent wholly
upon the action within its own particu-
lar variety. The plant is no-w nearly
five months old, and several tomatoes
have ripened upon It. and fairly de-
veloped potatoes have grown in the
ground. There are no leaves sugges-
tive of the potato on the plant, which
is three feet high.

ANGUS CATTLE AT "ROSE DALE."

Mr. A. G. Parr, Superintendent of
Rose Dale Stock Farm, Jeffersonton,
Culpeper county. Va., writes us that
his cattle are in fine shape, and that
he is selling splendid stock at low
prices. This popular breed has cer-
tainly excelled all others in winning
honors in the hottest sort of compe-
tition during the last year or two, the
world over. Angu^ Bulls are prepotent
sires, invariably stamping their most
desirable characteristics, smooth,
blocky, harnless, black carcass on
their grade offsprings.

Mention the Southern Pla»ter when
corresponding with advertisers.

LEGERDEMAIN.
A man in a certain New England
town was noted for telling extravagant
stories. One evening while loitering
in the country store the conversation
lurued upon feats in gunning. The
man listened attentively and in silence
for awhile, then suddenly he exclaimed
excitedly: "Wall, boys, I can tell you
a queer thing that happened to me the
other day. I went to Rye Beach shoot-
ing when I see a nice, large fiock of
yellow-legs. 'Aha,' says I to myself,
'now for a shot at them." So I crept
up near by, raised my gun to my shoul-
der and fired. But I aimed jest a bit
too low, and they rlz up and flew off.
As I walked along the beach I found
two bushels of their 'yellow legs that I
had shot off." — Lippincotfs for June.

y)

Freeman

Feed
Cutters

are in a class by

themselves.

sizes to meet all ;

requireme nt

Smallest h a l _

lever to largest

self -teed cylinder cutters, shredders

I and carriers for fodder, ensilage, etc,

] Widely popular through nianv years

tlle"WeIierJanIor'
Pumper

Ti atl complete, roady to sfr

tacbtopump. Eqo&USOmoa
p u m p ing vater.
Uses but UMle ?&••
olme. Is shipped
crated eompletelj

operate it. Every
^aranteed. Other aizei
50 H. P. Send for cat-
Weber Gas A Gasolion
Engine Co., Box 128

Uf C M DRILLING

MACHINES

The most successful mouey-maklng nla-
chines ever made. Also machines for boring
wells with augers by horse power. Write
us If you mean business.
Loomis Machine Co., Tiffin, Ohio.

Steam, Gas or Water Pipe, in
izps from one half to twelve inches diameter.
t is complete with threads and couplin^^s.

inch, per loot, 8 I "i ctn. 1,V inch, per foot, 4 1-4 ctp.
We imndle uli kinds of well casiiiK- Write us youi-
jiiits in the pipe line. We have ail kinds of supplies ot
lis character. Write for Free Culalo^'ue No. 166.
CIIICAOO llorsK WKECKING CO..
Wfwt 85th and Iron Sireol. C'hieueo.

S E PAR ATO R

FOR SALP OR EXCHANGE
A De Laval Humming Bird Separator,
in perfectcoudition, used about 20 times;
will sell cheap for cash or will exchange
for a pure-bred Bull Call' of any Beef
Breed — Polled preferred.

W. H. MacNAIR, Tarboro, N. C.

CULTIVATORS BELOW COST!

Roofing Materials. — Tin plate, iron roof-
ing, iiaptrrootiug, nails, hardware. Car-
riage and wagon materials. Cook stoves
etc. Don't write us unless you want the
best at the Lowest Price.

HARRIS HARDWARE CO., ^^'^^ryt

ROUND SILO

THE PHILADELPHIA.

Tbe only Perfect Contiouous Open Front
SILO made. See Open-Top Patent Roof. Ask
for Catalogue. E. F. SCHLICHTER.

321 Vine St, Philadelphia, Pa.

Also made In the Weat by Duplex lUg.
Co., South Superior, Wis.

1903.]

THE SOUTHEEN PLANTER

525

MQ

Operated easily
any vehicle,
I always In order.
I In reach of every
i home at factory
, pripes. No fine
[ driveway com-
plete without it.

STEEL TU

eULAR
OSTS.

Absclut.Ply inilestructiblc. A P'r
manent Fcticc Po^t sujuible fur Ui:iK
farms, pastures, etc. Miu.e of ;i oi a
piece holiow lube. Co.sts no nioi'- thai
the ordinar.v cedar post. We have :il
kindsof wirefnrsale. Write for Free Cat.i
lotueNo. IM CIIICAGtlHOl'SE WRECKl .(.CD
West JSili and Iron Sireets. Chicjjo.

Genuine Spiral Spring Wire
FENCES HND GHTES

If jour dealer does nol have our
goods in stock you can buy direct
at Manufacturers' Price. Write
forCat.Tlogue and secure agency.

INTERNATIONAL FENCE AND F. CO-
Columbus, Ohio.

~*

"^

~^

-

:-"r"j

-^

;

^

= = = ^^1E= ^^S=i^

For Unvuly Stock

STOP THAT RATTLING. TIGHTEN YOUR
OWN BUGGY TIRKS. No heating; does not
mar the pairt; any one can operate. Mar-hine
complete with 100 -washers sent on receipt of
$2,00. Guaranteed to do the work. Your
money bacl; if not as represented. RAPID
TI^RE TIGHTENER CO., Station F., Toledo,

FRFF '"'"' anxiety over
I IILL wash rtav are Ihose
whouseaDILLEY QUEEN
WASHER. We manufac-
ture three styles of wash-
ers: to introduce them
we will give you the ad-
vantage of our factory
prices for a short time.
vVrite for catalogue and
prices. Our Up-to-Date
at $2.50.

LYONS WASHING IVIACHINE CO.. Lyons. Mich.

WINE BARRELS

A few 160 gallon wine barrels for sale.

A. E. McMURDO,

Charlottesville, Va.

A Steel Stanch Son i'o°'A ",".';.'>'; ■■"■•■

tying cattle. Li:;hti.r. slron!.-<T. n.alir. Sui,,-..-^ ,iti .luiTis.
Notin the way when iMQ^down. A:.'«'iiK nnnUu 'Vnie I> r sji.-

ci.it.m..od prices, jgs. Boylc, Mf r.,Salem, O.

Consulting E-ntomologist
A. Arsene Qirault,

CARE ALLEGHANY ORCHARD CO.,
Paw Paw, W. Va.

Answering in detail, accompaning, where
possible with specimens and explanatory notes:
life-history a specialty ; charges low. Not a
bureau of Information. ^^'rite at once and
worry me.

A SOUND REASON.

At a rural watering place the guests
were sitting on the front piazza, which
overlooked the street.

A rustic, who was greatly under thf
influenca of liquor, found his way up
there and became offensively "agree-
aWe." Being admonished to desist,
from his attentions many times, he
persisted, and at last approachod one
of the ladies and commenced to an-
noy her with crude attempts at smart-
ne.ss.

A gentleman who had been watching
him closely, but saying nothing, now
swiftly approached him and tossed
him over into the wet sand below.

He got up, pulled a much-soiled
handkerchief from his pocket, wiped
the sand from his eyes and mouth, and
then, looking up as he swayed back
and forth, addressed the man who di"
the deed:

"Yes, you! I suppose you

think you're smart, but I don't. I ex-
pect you think I don't know what you
done that fer; but I'll let you know
that I do. Blank your buttons! the
reason why you thro.wed me over them
banisters was that you don't want me
up there you!" — -July Lippincott's.

AN UNFORTUNATE INVESTMENT.

A Southern clergyman had married
a pair of negroes. Aft«r the ceremony
the groom asked, "How much yo'
chahge fo' dis?"

"Well," said the minister, "I usually
leave that to the groom. Sometimes I
am paid five dolfars, sometimes ten,
sometimes less."

"Da,t's a lot ob money, pahson. Tell
yo' what Ah'll do. Ah'll gib yo' two
dollahs, an' den ef I fln' I ain't got
cheated, I'll gib yo' mo' in a monf."

A month later the groom returned.

"Ah's yere, lak Ah promised, pah-
son."

"Yes." said the minister, expectantly-

"Ah tol' yo' dat ef it was all right.
Ah'd gib yo' mo' money, didn't Ah?"

"You did."
Well, pahson, as dis yere am a sort
of spec'Iation. Ah reckon yo' owe me
about a dollah an' eighty-five cents, an'
Ah come ter get it." — Philadelphia
Telegraph.

A well-known judge on a Virginia
circuit was reminded very forcibly,
savs Harper's "Ma,efazine, of his increas-
ing baldness.

One of his rural friends looked at
him and drawled, "It won't be so very
lon.sr. .iedge. 'fo' you'll hev to tie a
string round your head to tell how fer
up to wash yer faqe."

A cople of pretty girls at the church
fair last night tackled Alec. Smart to
take a 10-cent chance on a piano. He
flashed a $20 note on them, thinking
they v.'ouldn't have any change.

But they did have it, eh?

No. they told him they never gave
any change.

Free

Books

'"" ers

These
books are
compiled from
the publications
of the various
Agricultural Ex-
periment Stations,
and are of great
value to all prac-
. tical farmers.
We mail them/r^eto all
farmers who apply for them.

German Kali Works,
93 Nassau Street, New York.

ATLANTA. OA. BRANCH :
22ii So. Broad St., Inman BIdg.

SEED OATS '^OR SALE

=-1,000 BUSHELS-

VIRQIMA WINTER GREY or TURF.

These oats were sown in the fall, are of 8
superior quality and EXTRA HEAVY.
Grown in Albemarle county, in the Piedmont
section of Virginia, where the best seed oata
obtainable are produced. Address
WOODSIDE STOCK FARH

p. O. Box 145, Charlottesville, Vo.

TURINIP SEED.

Fresh Stock of
All Varieties.

DlG<rS & BEADLES,
Seedsmen,

1711 E. Fraoklin St., RICHMOND, VA.

20,000 Celery Plants

— FOR SALE —

GIANT P.^SCHAL. the finest variety and
easiest to raise. Plants ready to ship now.
Should be set out this month. 25 cents per
mo f. 0. b. here. No plants sold after August
31st. E. A. SWINEFORD, 1110 E. Main
street. Richmond. Va.

SAN jost scALt :s»;s:

GOOD'S CAUSTIC POTASH
WHALE OIL SOAP. No. 3.

It also prevents Curl Leaf. Endorsed by en-
tomologists. J his soap is a fertilizer as well as
insecticide 50 1 b. kegs, $2.50; 100 lb. kegs, $4 60.
Half barrels. 270 lbs., at SK^- per lb.: barrels.
425 lbs., at 3':tC. Large quantities, special rates,
Send for circular.

JAMES GOOD,
939— 41 N. Front St., phjladelphia, pa.

526

THE SOUTHERN PLANTER.

[August

UnMCQANDIHE.PUCETO

FIND THEM.

No plare in the United St;ites can a
man ilo so well at farming, for 1 1: e money
investeil, as in Virginia. Lands are
cheap; climate good, and the best of
markets close At hand. It is the State
of all other*, for a comfortalile all the
year round home. Th«- James Kiver
Valley Colonization and Imptovenient
Company offer superior advantages to
land purchasers. For free 3ti page land
pamphlet, ad<lress

W. A. PARSONS, Vinlta. Va.

C&OMain St. Depot Hichniond. Va.

CASH

K<>K YOL'K

OR ANY REAL ESTATE.

No ni«llrr whei-if l*>*-j(te<I. Semi
de»Tlplli>ii and lowesi caoli price.
I «uccve<I by Riving pvr»oDal »t-
tenlluu. Inti>n-»llnp and %-Kltial<l<-

WILI.Ka 1. HUUnN. 1 14 Itn

To HOMESEEKERS.

"THE BUSINESS OF FARMING
IN VIRGINIA."

Is the title of a Dew pamptilet issued by the
Norfolk and Western Railway Company. We
will gladly mail you a copy.
W. B. BEVILL, PAUL SCHERER. Agt.,
G. P. A.. Lands and Immigration,
Roanoke, Va.

wf; have a large list of

FRUIT, POULTRY and TRUCK FARMS

Ten, Fifty and One Hundred Acres each, with

good buildings, close to steam and trolley

lines, easy access to the city. Also

GRAIN aSD .^TOCK FAkMS

Prom 100 to 1.000 acres at low prices all the

way from $5 to $50 per acre. Write for

Catalogue.

THE VIRGINIA LAND AGENCY. Richmond. Va.

J. R. HOCKADAY. Manager.

IF YOU WISH TO SELL

— 03F«. J=HJ V

VIRGINIA LANDS

Coniniunicate with us. A'rite for free
"Virginia Real Estate Journal.'* con-
taining many splendid bargains.
R. B. CHAFFIN & CO.. inc .

No I N lOtll 5t , Richmond. Va

VfRGINIA FARMS

$3 P6» ACRE AND UPWARDS
EASV PAYMENTS TAT.VLOGUE FREE.

GEO. E. CRAWFORD & CO., Richmond, Va.

EsUbiished 1S75.

"PIEDMONT tC\^^'

Good land, climate, markets, shipping fa-
cilities, churches, schools, good health, mode-
rate prices, easy terms.
nACON & CO., - Orange. Va.

SUGGESTIONS TO HAY RAISERS.

In the past it was considered that
baling hay was only profitable where
the crop was large, and with the in-
tention of shipping. It has come to
he a recognized fact, however, that
there is economy, and consequent
profit in baling hay. whether the crop
is to be shipped or used for feeding
purposes. For shipment baling is an
absolute necessity. The economical
points of having the crop baled for
feeding or stora.ge purposes are read-
ily admitted — viz.. ease in handling;
no loss from exposure or transport-
ing; saving of space; destruction by
fire almost an impossibility.

According to the statistics of the
United States Department of Agricul-
ttire. the hay crop is the most valuable
crop raisi'd in this country. Under
these circumstances, modern methods
should be employed in handling it. Do
not wait for your neighbor to get a
press, get one yourself.

The Kansas City Hay Press Co.. of
Kansas City. Mo., have been for twenty
years in the manufacture of hay bal-
ing machinery. Their line is very ex-
tensive, presses being offered for hand.
horse or steam power. Prom these nu-
m.^rons styles the purchaser has no
difficulty in selecting a machine to
suit bis needs. Every press they make
is absolutely guaranteed, and each in
its class is unexcelled by anything on
the market. It, will pay the reader to
ser.d for thoir catalogue.

This company also make a line of
Standard Scales, of guaranteed accu-
racy and durability.

Their gasoline engine made in differ-
ent sizes is adapted to all farm pur-
posfs. and has become very popular in
the last few years owing to its eco-
nomical and durable features. Write
them for prices, terms and further in-
formation. Refer to this paper when
making inquiries.

AX ECONOMICAL MOTHER.

Small Katherine. who had been for-
bidden to touch the ink bottle, had ac-
cidentally spilled its contents not only
all over her mother's desk, but on the
rug, several chairs, and her own apron.
Her mother, on discovering the state
of afPai.-s, had expressed more surprise
than pleasure. When the father of
the family returned at night his lif'o
datighter met him at the door and
asked —

"Papa, how much does a bottle of
ink cost?"

"Oh, about five cents."

"Five cents!" exclaimed the ag-
grieved youngster, in a tone of deep
disgust. "And to think that mamma
would make all that fuss about one
little bottle of ink." — July I>ippin-
cott's.

"The new railroad's comin' our way."
"Yes, an' soon as we kin git damages
out of it we're a-goln' to grade the
cemetery an' plant the town hall."

BLUE GRASS FARMS and MINERAL LANDS.

Send for Fret' Real Estate Bulletin.
Southwestern Va. Land Agency, Wytheville, Va.

FlUC FADUC iu the great fruit grain and
Milt lAnlnO stock section of VIRGINIA.

«efi ciimate and water in the L'. S. Near great
markets, with best educational advantages.
For further information, address

ALBEMARLE IMMIGRATION CO..
.S.vM'L B. Wooiis. Pres Charlottesville. Va.

VIRGINIA FARMS

All prices and sizes. Free list on application.
WM B. PIZZINi CO., Richmond. V«.

For full par-
ticulars write
A. JEFFERS,
Norfolk, Va.

Go South.

WANTED,

TO BUY A rAKM OF .SO OR 60

buildings, good water an<1 some wood — in South*
.Southwest Virginia, or Korth '"arolina. I will
pay S4to5.T per acre. Detailed statement, ad-
dress "K. K. ' Care of Southern Planter.

A Splendid Opportunity for an Ex=
perienced Trucker, address,
W. S. MATHEWS,

Big Stone Qap, Va.

WANTED

By an experienced farmer, a position as man-
ager on large farm. Can take charge at once.
Rest references ^iven. Address "FARMER,"
R. F. D. No. 5, Richmond Va.

WANTED

.\ white man for general farm work. Not a
manager. Good wages. Good home. Near
Riihniond. Va. Address GIX'. M. WEST,
Ruhnioi.d, Va.

WANTED— A WHITE FAMILY TO WORK
for wages in the country: woman to cook;
another to work in house and dairy (fuel
and water right at hand) and a man or boy
care for driving horges, work in garden,
etc. All at the same home. Address,
WALTER RANDOLPH CRABBE,
Hague, Westmoreland Co., Va.

FRAZER

Ax'e Grease thewolm.

Its wearing qualities are unsurpassed, ac-
tually out'astlus :i bxs any other brand,

Noi u'lV. ,i. '1 I'v lunt. A£"Get the Genuine.
! i •!: SAi r in- ai.i. dk.vleks.

MARK YOUR STOCK.

KENTUCKY ALu'mNUM EAR LABEL

Ma<Ie by F. H. J.uksox a: Co.. Wlncbesler. Kv
Wrilelo ihem for free samples.

1903.]

THE SOUTHERN PLANTER.

527

FARMS FOR SALE!

Farm No. 2.

Contains 265 acres; 215 under culti-
vation; 50 acres original oak and
hickory. Fronts on tlie pike running
from Wincliester to Alexandria; five
miles from railroad; one-half mile
from proposed electric railroad. Excel-
lent six-room dwelling house, with
broad halls, standing in a large, nicely-
shaded blue-grass lawn; all necessary
outbuildings; land chocolate clay, with
stiff clay subsoil; all level, but rolling
enough to drain well; fine for wheat
and grass; well watered. Owner con-
templates making improvements. But
if sold before, price $25 per acre, on
easy terms.

No. 4.

Contains 100 acres, all under cultiva-
tion, and in good condition. Good
frame dwelling and all necessary out-
buildings in good condition. Situated
on the pike, with market wagons pass-
ing every day. paying Washington city
prices for produce. Splendidly situated
for fruit, poultry, dairy and trucking.
Price now, $2,000. on easy terms.
No. 10.

This farm contains 100 acres — 40
acres in white oak, chestnut and pine;
60 acres in a high state of cultivation.
In lots of from S to 12 acres in a
field; well fenced. Especially adapted
to fruit and wheat and clover. Has a
nice 8-room house, two porches, new
barn, double grainary, wagon drive
and cow sheds. A good 4-room
tenant house. Situated 2'^ miles from
station on main line of Southern rail-
road; 5 miles from county seat of
Fairfax county. Price, $20 per acre.
No. 11.

Contains 315 acres In high state of
improvement. Large frame dwelling,
10 rooms, 2 large cattle barns, and all
necessary farm buildings in good re-
pair. Land watered by spring branches.
Situated in aristocratic neighborhood.
Convenient to depot and to Washington
market. Price, $50 per acre.
No. 12.

A desirable farm of 96 acres, all
under cultivation. Situated in upper
Fairfax county, Va., 22 miles from
from Washington, D. C, by railroad;
6 miles from station on Biumont Di-
vision of the SoutherK railroad; front-
ing on a Macadamized pike leading into
Washington. A substantial dwelling
house with five rooms; stable and
granary. A large orchard of apples
and peaches in full bearing. Land all
in good state of improvement and is
productive; fine for wheat and grass.
One mile from village with post-office,
stores, churches, canning factory and
mill. Water by spring branch, well
and cistern.

Market wagons pass this home every

day, paying cash for all country pro-
duce. Price of farm $1,800, on easy
terms.

No. 13.
An excellent little farm in lower
Loudoun county, Va. Contains 117
acres; 90 under cultivation, balance
in hardwood timber. Land is choco-
late clay and loam with a stiff clay
subsoil. Adapted to grain and grass.
Has a new 9-room dwelling, with a
fine cold well at the back door; good
barn, 35x40; large wagon and machine
sheds and granary. Situated 4 miles
from railroad station, 20 miles from
Washington. D. C. About 100 apple
and peach trees in bearing. Land is
gently rolling and well drained. Price
$27.50 per acre, on easy terms.

W. E. MILLER,
Herndon, Va.

Fertilizer is a very important item
to every farmer. In buying his fer-
tilizer he should know that he is get-
ting an article that is not only going
to stimulate and increase the yield for
a short time, but an article that will
permanently enrich the soil and keep
up the fertility of the farm, and to ac-
complish this bone, tankage and blood
should be extensively used in the
manufacture of high grade fertilizers,
because the nitrogen and phosphoric
acid in these ingredients are not leach-
ed out of the soil by heavy rains, yet
are in the best and most available form
of plant food. The fertilizer should
be made from well cured stock, which
has been carried long enough to Insure
the material going through the drill
ns easily as the wheat.

The QUPStion of chemical proportions
must be thoroughly considered in the
manufacture of fertilizers, and a fully
equipped chemical laboratory is an ab-
solute necessity. The analyses of the
different grades of tankage, bone,
blood, potash, nitrate of soda, etc.,
vary considerably. To produce a high
grade, even product requires a num-
ber of careful analyses by expert chem-
ists.

To the farmer, especially in the fall,
the question of prompt delivery Is all
important — he does not want to wait
for bis fertilizer — his needs then are
imnerative. The shipping season for
fertilizer is so short — from the first of
August to the later part of September
— that large warehouses and perfect
shipping facilities are necessary to
pi'ompt shipments. Positive assur-
ance of prompt shipments can only be
given bv factories well equipped and
of sufficient capacity to handle large
quantities on short notice.

The advertisement of the Armour
Fertilizer Works, in another column
of this paper, calls attention to some
of the foregoing points. The name of
Armour has always been synonymous
with the production of reliable goods;
their equipment is unsurpassed, and
their success indicates the character of
their business dealings in the past.

Horse Owners! Use

GOMBAXTLT'S

Caustic
Balsam

A Safe Speedy and Positive Car*
The Safest, Best BLISTER ever used. Tafce»
the place ol ail linimenta lor miia or severe actioo.
Bemoves Bunches or Elemisbes from Horse*
Bnd Cattle. SUPERSEOES ALL CAUTERY
OR FIRING • impossible to produce scar or blemish.
Every bottle sold is warranted to give satlsfactloa
Price $|.50 per bottle. Sold by drugKists, or
lent by express, cfa»rBrea paid, with full directionff
for its use. Send for descriptive circulare.
THB LAWRSNCB-WILLIAMS CO.. CleTelapd Ot

DEATH TO HEAVES

NKWTON'SHeavet Cough, I>U>
U-mpvr and iDdlgeBUon Core.

-'uiiry spccilic for wind,

Tuledu, Uhio.

Why Not Get tiie Best?

tierce's C/^lery Q^ompound
for Constipation. Dyspepsia, Malaria and
Chills and Fevers, and a general tonic tablet.

Send for free sample, it« costs you nothing to
try the best family medicine on earth.

AGENTS WANTED.

NATURE'S REMEDY CO.,

WASHINGTON. D. C.

^EENSBORO, N.C.

'h-. treatment of THE LIQUOR, OPIUM, MORPHINE and
<■•! Drug Addictions. The Tobbacco Habit, Nerve ExIiaustion

Little Chicks

-thrive when fed on our
BABY CHICK FOOD.

' A perfect bahrnced food. Sendifor free
sample aud our large illustrated catalog
of POULTRY SUPPLIES.

INCUBATORS. nud

BROODERS.

FANCIERS' SUPPLY.CO.,

S17-519 West Broad'St.,!

Richmond, Va.

EVERYTHINQ POR THE FANCIER.

NO HUMBUG.

Boms. Prioe»1.60. good »1 for trial. If UBuUi.SflDd l.ol.
uce. P.fdM.jC.lM. B.>c.iidC.irH.id.TODljI5o.
FARMER BRIGHTON, FAIRFIELD, IOWA.

lUPnni r»n*TP are handsome, hardy and
ANbUnA bUA I O pntUable. For large cir
LUlar address E. W. COLE i CO.. Big Clifty. Ky.

528

THE SOUTHERN PLANTER.

[August

ELMWOOD NURSERIES.

ASPARA -US

100,000 ■J-yr. old Aspara^'js roots,
n varieties. A speeial rate of $:i.50
per 10"0 for 2 mos. f..r BAKU'S,
PALMETIO, CONOVEK.

APPLES

A large general assortment, in-
rliuiing \VIN1->;aPS and YOKK
IMPEKIAI.S.

Splendid Assortment

of Ornamental, Shade

and Frui« Trees.

■ ll U \ Brabnias. Brown L<
L U U U ll rns at $1.00 per 13.

WHITE FOR OCK CATALOtiTE.

JiimKHUBIiO. ilMHO

FREE SAMPLE

Of "THE STORV OF MT IIFE AND
•WOKK.," Bj- Booker T. Waslvineton.

Bend 03 your name and
adjrees. We want yon
to have a copy of tbla
autobiography of the
greatejit living- Negro
for tho purpose of In-
troducing It In your

., community. It Is a
remarkable seller, big
r.-oflt; agfnts are mak-
ing from S4 to SIC per
.Jay. 'Will you Intro-
duce It by selling or
getting us an agent?
If eo. send at once for
a Eample.

S J. t. NICHOLS & CO.,
Atlanta, Ga.
Benin? Price St.OO. «I5 Austell Rnlldlngk

SPECIAL SALE

I'en.veiy tine liarrcrl Plymouth Kock chick
enc, as folliiws:

8 'J4 full stock 1 year old hong, my own rnlslD^;
1 thoroii)i,'h-bred hen from S. B. Johnson yHrds: 1
thorouf?h-br<(l cockerel, my own ralsinj;.* The-e
are vcrv line birds, beautifully marked. Thev
are well worth tl'iOO. but to fell oulcklv will
takeSlL'.OO This Isa rnre opponunltv.

PIEDMONT POULTRY PLACE,
Miss E. Callis Giles, Prop, Whittle's Depot, Va.

32 Varieties
Best Poultry

in cither old or yoiiiiK M.n-k"'

INO. E. HEATWOLE. Harrisonburg. Va.

Mention the Southern Planter when
corresponding with advertisers.

Reduced prli-e
on cgg8 bal of
seiison. (iet mv
fine cutiiloi;. iV
free fnr fiiamp
Many lircedlnK
birds to offer I
can please voti

SHREDDED FODDER.

.About one-half the feed value of the
corn crop is in the stalks, and when-
ever this fact is thoroughly understood
the corn grower considers it just as
important to shred the fodder as to
husk the ears. It the stalks are allow-
ed to stand in the field until after the
corn is husked, the fodder has little or
no value as feed stuff, and this ex-
plains much of the misinformation
that is still extant relative to shredded
fodder. Neither timothy nor clover
would make good feed if allowed to
stand too long before cutting. If,
however, the corn is cut at the right
time, the fodder when shredded makes
excellent feed, which analysis shows
to be fully as nutritious as timothy
hay. The McCormick Husker and
Shredder enables the farmer to husk
and shred his corn at one operation,
thus saving time as well as all of the
corn, and practically doubling the
value of the crop.

The advertisement of the Eli Hay
Presses, manufactured by the Collins
Plow Co., Quincy. 111., is running in
our columns. Our readers cannot help
but be familiar with these famous
presses. As made to-day they are the
result of many years' experience in
hav press manufacture. A feature of
the No. 1 continuous travel two-horse
press, which perhaps has the widest
use of any, is the immense pressure
anplied to the hay for the power used,
the manufacturer stating it as r.5 to 1
or concretely, a horse draft of 500
pounds exerts a pressure of upwards
of over 30.000 pounds. This explains
the solid compact bales for which this
prosR is noted. This, with their uni-
form shapeliness, .gives the Eli pro-
duct a preference in the market, re-
ceiving also the favor of shippers, who
arc able to get the maximum amount
in the car The Elis are strong ani
durable machines, have large feed
openings and do rapid work. The ad-
vertisement should be consulted by
every prospective buyer.

DANAaiXE MILITARY INSTITUTE.

On page 2 of the cover of this issue
will be found the advertisement of
this well-known school. We invite
the attention of every father to this
card, and ask that they send for the
vear book of this Institute. In addi-
tion to being one of the handsomest
catalogues we have ever seen, it con-
tains a full and thorough description
of the plan and scope of the institute,
explaining fully everything necessary
for a parent to know before sendin.g
his boy to college. Colonel Horace
Campbell. A. M.. Ph. D., will take
pleasure In giving his personal atten-
tion to all Inquirers.

How did you come to get the medal?
Were you first in the class?

Tommy: Naw; I licked de boy what
was.

BROWN LEGHORNS.

Youu'_' stock for sale in

Pall. Pric^s reasonable.

White Plymouth Rocks.
R. W. HAW.Jr., - Centralia, Va.

PIT games:

Black Devils and Red Horses.

These cocks won !K) per cent of battles fought
in 1901 and ly02 and have never lost a battle
when nameness and cutting qualities could win.
Choice lot of young and old stock for sale.

THOS. W. JARMAN, Yancey Mills, Va.

WANTED!

ALL KINDS OF

LIVF Wl D BIROS AND ANIMALS

Particularly Deer. Wild Turkeys, White

Squirrels. Ducks, Swans, Etc.

CECIL FRENCH,

718 Twelfth St. N. W.. Washington. 0. C.

FOR SaLE.

Large English Berkshire Hogs,
Barred Plymou h Fock Chickens

BEN. BOLT, 60747, 430 lbs. as a yearling at
head of herd. .rrEGGS IN SEASON.
lOHN P. FOSTER, Nocreek. Ohio Co . Ky.

... DLROC JERSEY ROOTERS ...

THK KIND you SHOUi D HAVE.

Fancier's Stock ::: Farmer's Prices
Spring pigs all pold, now booking orders for

Fall pigs; you'd better get in line

Finest Btiain B. P. Kocksiu Virginia!

THE CKDARS WH O. OWENS,

P. and S. FABH. Midlothian, Va.

READY FOR IMMEDIATE DELIVERY:

A limited number of big bone POLAND-
CHINA pigs. Good, growthy, thrifty stock,
8 to 10 weeks old at pork prices to make room
for young stock.

•W. F. ROCKS CKeap.

BYRD BROS., R. F. D. 3,

Salisburv, N. C.

WANTED

If you have any GOOD ANGORA GOATS
to sell, give lowest cash price on a lot from
twenty-live to fifty does— also on same num-
ber of does with kida at side. Address,
FOXIIALL l-'ARM, Norfolk, Va.

. .. FOR SALE. ..

Si.x Beagle Pups pure bred and beautifully
marked.

C. T. SMITH,

Cro.'ilon, Va.

COLLIE PUPS

By Imported .-^ires -able and white and tri-
colors. Trices. S.S to Sl.'t. Older ones correspond-
inglv low- Hook on Training. .'W cents: Fbee If
you buy a Collie. M APLEMONT STOCK FARM,
Albany. Vermont.

1903.]

THE SOUTHERN PLANTER.

529

Market Toppers for Sale, Low.

One thoroughbred Angus cow, unregistered.

coming 3 yrs., with heifer calt'ai foot
Four three-fourths Angus heifers, two coming

3 yrs., two coming -1 yrs , bred to reg. Angus

hull.
Four"-even-elghth« Angu»beifer=, coming 2 yrs.,

bred to reg Angus bull.
Three geven-elghths. Angus heifers, ooming 1 yr.
Four one half "ngu" heifers, coming 1 yr.
Several fine reg Angus bull calVes frrm 3 to 7

mos. old at a bargain
2 nice grade Dorset ram lambs at a bargain.
One 12 moa. old reg. .\ngus heifer.
All of theabove cattle are blac'-. and as well

polled as a thoroughbred Angus. Address

W. M. WATKINS & SONS,
Randolph, Va.
Charlotte county.

ANGUS BULL CALVES

SIRED BY THE
CKampion Bull BARON IDA.

These calves are choice individuals.

ENGLISH SETTER PUPS.
Sire and dam prize winners.
WARREN RICE, Winchester, Va.

FOR SALK.

My ABERDEEN. ANGUS Herd Bull,

Hero of Bunker Hill, No 31,462.
He is an extra tcond breeder.
J. TABB JANNEY, Van Clevesville, W. Va.

. . . FOR SALE. . .

HOLSTEIN BULL

Pure bred, 2 years old, line order, perfectly
gentle, and SURE; reasons for selling is kin
to my stock: also offer a pure bred calf by
above Biill. JOy. HARDIE. Brown Summit,
N. C.

Swift Creek Stock and Dairy Farm

|fc^^^^^^^^^ Has for sale a large num-
^^■^^^^^^^■k ber regls-

V^^^^H^^VI tereil

JERSEY BULLS
jOummm AND HEIFERS.

None better bred In the South. Combining
ciosely the most noted and up-to-date blood
In America. Bulls 10 to 12 months old, $25;
Heifers, same age, $35. POLAND CHINA
PIGS, $5 each. Send check and get what
jou want.

T. P. BRASWELL. Prop." Battleboro, N. C.

FOR '^ai p ,rrn»rrfffi?«

10 JERSEY COWS : 1 SHARl'LES .SEPARATOR
10 cans and jackets for same, 1 ICE BOX.

Am changing my business, so will sell the
above at very reasonable price, address

C. n. BASS, Rice Depot, Va.

YOU WILL FIND THIS INTEREST-
ING.

By a resolution of the Virginia Com-
mission of "the Louisiana Purchase
Exposition," the undersigned have
beon designated to superintend the
collection of minerals and mineral pro-
ducts for exposition at St. Louis, and
to prepare a description of the mineral
wealth of Virginia.

We, therefore, request all owners of
mines or mineral lands, and all per-
sons interested in the mineral re-
sources of Virginia, to aid us in mak-
ing this exhibit a creditable one to
our State, their district and them-
selves.

To do this, send, without delay, a
statement of what minerals you have
and propose to exhibit; what develop-
ments have been made on these — that
is, whether or not they have been
opened up and are being worked, and
if so, to what extent. If the material
has been analyzed, send copy of the
analysis, with date and name of
chemist.

On receipt of this information, we
will at cnce send full information how
to select a specimen for exhibition,
with directions for shipping. We de-
sire to call special attention to build-
ing stones, and in case a good build-
ing stone is known to exist, and has
been partially developed, which is not
now being worked (quarried) else-
where in this State, we will, on receipt
of a sample, sent by mail or express
prepaid, examine the same, and if we
find i*^ of sufficient value, send an ex-
pert to assist in collecting a specimen
and attend to its being properly cut
and finished for exhibition.

We are also endeavoring to have a
creditable exhibit of the clays of Vir-
.ginia, and desire to call the attention
of owners to clay lands to the advant-
age presented by this exposition to
draw attention to their valuable de-
posits.

Owners of mineral springs are re-
oiiosted to notify us if they desire to
make an exhibit. The commission is
endepvoring to make this part of the
exhibit as complete as possible. The
exhibit should consist of bottled
waters, with analysis, date and name
of chemist, photographs of surround-
in.ffs of springs, hotels, etc.

All communications should be ad-
dressed to us at 17 South Twelfth
street, Richmond, Va.

FROF.HLTNfi & ROBERTSOX.

CAMPl^EI-L FANNING MILL.

The M. Campbell Fanning IWill Com-
pany has an advertisement on another
page in this Issue. Look it up and
write to them for their most liberal
terms for this machine. They will
take pleasure in forwarding catalogues
or anv other information desired.

Kentucky
HEREFORDS

Headed by the famous

ACROBAT

No. 6S460 and the celebrated

inPORTED BRITISHER

No. 14.5096 Champion Bull over all breeds in
England and Grand Sweepstakes Champion
at Chicago 1902 Live Stock Exposition.

We can furnish buyers with anything they
wish from the FANCIEST THAT CAN BE
BRED to the cheaper class usually desired by
the beginner. Write us before buying. Glad
inquiries.

Qiltner Bros., Eminence, Ky.

Poland=China and

' amworth Pigs for Sale —

eligible to registration ; also

Hampshire Down Sheep

and }?rade Hereford cattle, }i or i/

bred. Calves, > eurling.s and 2 yr. old.

J. C. GRAVES, Barboursville. Orange Co., Va,

HAYFIELDS STOCK FARM HAS

FOR SALE

Seven Registered HEREFORD BULLS 8
months old to 2V2 years. Two Registered
HIilREFORP HEIFERS 8 months old and 1
year. Six OXFOHDDOWN BUCK LAMBS.

WIVI. D. MERRYMAN,

Cockeysville, JVld-

DORSETS and HEREFORDS.

I am now offering my superior herd bull
ROY MAY, .90183; and some~fine male calves. I
am also booking orders for Dorset rams and
ram lambs.

H. ARMSTRONG. L«HTZ MILLS, VA.

What is better than presence of
mind in a railroad accident? Absence
of body.

V.P.I.

Farm Bulletin

Our Jersey Herd Bull for sale— PEDRO'S
VIRGINIUS, 45919, grandson of Pedro, 3187,
and of Marjoram Second, 12805, both of
World's Fair tame. The Bull offered has
been used in our herd for several years, and
is sold to prevent In-breeding. Price low,
quality considered.

D. 0. NOURSE, Prof, of Agr.
Blacksburg, Va.

ST. O M E R H E R D

Offers young hulls fit for service, out of
tested dams with good yearly records. Strong
In Exile of St. L., King of St. L. and Stoke
Pogis of Prospect. Reasonable prices.

JOS. T. HOOPES, Bynum, Md.

A neat Binder for your back num-
bers can be had for 25 cents. Address
our Business OfBce.

530

THE SOUTHEIiX PLANTER.

[Aiij^iist

WAREVIEW FARM

GI.OUCKSTER, VA.

- OFFERS FOR SALE '^

3 large Berkshire Boars :

Beau ok Biltmore,

Columbiana's Mason, and

Bob Loomis, Jr.

Will be priced low, also about 100
head of extra fiiie Boar and Sow pigs by
the above Boars and out of the befct
Sows. Kntitled to registry Price, pl-
each, or 8 for|!:!0, Senil stamp for reply.
R S. CaHERON & SON, Props.

RERKSHIRES

ANNEFIELD HERD

Represents the

^Finest Blood Lines

in England. or America.

Slock for sale at all times.

Correspondence Solleliefi.

Inspection Invited.

EDW. G. BUTLER, Annefield Farms,

Briggs, Clarke Co.. Va.

CHOICE YOUNG

BERKSHIRES

of Both Se.ves, for Sale.

By HIghclere Topper of Ulltuiore II, out of
Imported Ilarlene.

IMiniborya Farm, Box 901 , Richmond, Va

Registered Berkshlres

Duke of Mansfield (IW561 1 2;._, years. $1.'. 00.
Mansfield Cricket ii;h709) 2 years to Farrow
Septeniber, 11108, 820.00.

2 Cillls I Months, JS.OO each.
Write at once.

\V. KI.I.IOT HAJUMOND,

Coochland C. li.. V«.

Hawksley Stock Farm

has some extra nice Berkshire Pigs
for sale. Also one handsome young
boar, seven months old. All entitled
to be registered.

J. T. OLIVER,

Aliens Level, Va.

A neat Binder for your back num-
bers can be bad for 25 cents. Address
our Business Office.

MAGAZINES.

The midsummer holiday Century is
characterized by articles on unknown
regions, by a varied personal interest
and by an appeal to artistic taste, both
in color work and in black and white.

The most outof-the-way articles are
"New Lifjht on Lhasa, the Forbidden
Ciiy." with unpublished photographs
taken by a Kalmuk pilgrim which Mr.
Rockhili, the Tibetan traveller, in a
prefactory note, j)ronounces "of extra-
ordinary interest." and "An Artist in
the Antarctic, ' by F. W. Stokes, whose
pictu.-es are the first news in color
from that still mysterious region.

Other out-door subjects are Yellow-
stone Park ("A Place of Marvels"), by
Ray Stannard Baker, in "The Great
Northwest" Series, illustrated by
Bliimenschein, and "An English Game
Park." with texi and pictures (ante-
lope, rabbits and foreign animalsi by
the artists, Gleeson and Knight.

The personal articles comprise let-
ters of Walter Scott, recounting his
•Later Days," with much variety of
detail; "Chapters from a Diplomatic
Life." reminiscences of people and
evontfe. by Andrew D. White, and
"Wesley's Days of Triumph," a pen
I)ortrait of this great preacher and in-
te!Tstin,i character, by Professor Win-
chester, supplemented by an editorial
article, "Wanted, Another Wesley."

An authoritative and important spe-
cial article on a topic of current in-
terest to both town and country is "A
City's Campaign for Pure Milk," by
Miss Fallows, with pictures by Miss
Harding.

The fiction includes "The Yellow
■Van," Richard Whiteing's novel, with
a scene revealing high play at bridge
whist among English women of so-
ciety; a short tale by David Gray (a
horse-sale story): "Overhauling the
Politicianers." a humourous sketch of
the Maine coast, by George S. Wasson ;
"Chills." a tale of a Missouri overflow,
by R. E. Young; "To Her Who Loved
Him Best of All," by Cyrus Townsend
Brady — in a new vein for that
author— and "The Tramp," a curious
"Pa Gladden" story by Elizabeth
Cherry Waltz.

T. B. Aldrich contributes a paper
of random observations on life and
literature, and there is an example of
Frederick MacMonnies's portraiture
and the usual humorous miscellany.
# * •
Lippincott's Magazine for August
Iirovides a feast of fiction for idle days.
The opening novel, by Elizabeth Duer,
is called "The Green Dragon," and
possesses all the qualities desirable in
11 magazine novel. There is not a dull
paragraph in it. Through an oppor-
tuue spill out of his automobile the
"Greek type" chauffetir is cast upon
the hospitality of an engaging widow,
who sees it her dt.ity to take him in
and do for his broken hip-bone until it
mends. By that time lots of unex-
i)ected things happen, not the least
of them being a bit of burglary, which

POLAND-CHINA

... PIGS ...
FOR SALE

sired by a son of Coi'rector, the
(vreat prize winner that sold for
|2,500.U0 and out of sows by
Chief Tecumseh II, Zenith
Chief, .1. H. Sanders and other
prize winners. No better bred
in the U. S

Pure bred Shropshire Shekp.

ARROWHEAD STOCK FARM,

SAMUEL B. WOODS. Prop.

Charlott<:sville, Va.

LARGE

-POLAND-CHINAS-.-

choice pitTP, boars anil lirooii sows, reg-
i>tereil. Shropshire Sheep and Short-
Horn Cattle Write for pi ices and tes-
imonials J. F. DUHRETTE

BiRDWooi), Albemarle Co.. Va.

.. BURKE'S GARDEN DORSETS ...

I NOW HAVE READY A NUMBER OF

CHOICE YOUNG RAMS

and about 300 tine ^rade Ewes. Prices
within reach of all Correspondence
solicited. SAM L T HENINGER,
BfRKK s Gaiioex, Tazewell Co., Va.

W,, fin. Art f I>OK»liTl!».

ONE of our customers writes; "My sales of
grade Dorset winter lambs run this year:
first 87 head brought $870; then prices de-
ilined somewhat. I am looking tor another
good Dorset ram." Woodland Dorsets are
standard In excellence.
J. E. WIN'G a BROS., Mechanicsburg. Ohio.

DORSET RAM

Woodland No. 118 (1723) for sale. He l3
throe years old. and in first class condition,
and a twin getter. Must sell to prevent In-
hrLcdini:. FRED. E. I3KEC1IER, Clsmont,
Va.

150 JACKS, JENNETS

<^ and Mules 150

^^^^^^^^ Best assortment I ever owned.

^^^^H for description and prices.
■ ll.MsDWill sell two Percheron

^mA^^^IJ Stallions at close figures.
BftKERS JACK FARM. Lawrence. Ind.

Poland Chinas, Chester Whites and
Mammoth Bronze Turkeys at Far-
mers prices

S. M. WISECARVtR,

Rustburg, Va.

1903.]

THE SOUTHEEN PLAIsTTER.

531

6 Scotch Topped

SHORT HORN BULL CALVES

6 Scotch Topped SHORT HORN Bull CalveB
3 to 15 months old; reds and roans; sired by
Verbena's Champion No. 129SS1, and Royal
Chief No. 185432. and he by Imp. Royal Stamp
No. 146662. Poland China Spring pigs, good
ones, sired by Coler's Perfection No. 56105.
Pedigrees fiirnlshed with all stock sold.

Corae or write your wants.

WM, T. THRASHER, Springwood, Va.

ELLERSLIE FARM i--
Thoroughbred Horses

AND SHORTHORN CAnLE,

Pnre Sonthdow^n Sheep
and Berkshire Pig».

Fo« S.\LE R. J. HANCOCK & SON,
Ch.^rlottksville, Xa.

COOK'S CREEK HERD

Scotch-Topped
Shorthorns ^

Herd Headed by Governor Tyler. 15S5 -18.
Young Bulls for sale. Inspection and corres-
pondence invited.
HEATWOLE & SUTER. Dale Enterprise, Va.

FOR SALE

Two good young SCOTCH TOPPED SHORT-
HORN BULLS, a red and a roan, about six
and ten months old. Will sell low it taken
soon. Also some nice heifers and Berkshire
pigs. Address. ORMSBY BROS., Lakeland,
Ky.

SHORTHORNS, bred hornless.

The i-oming breed of beef cattle
Have all the merits of Shorthorns ami
more, because they have no horns.
Buy a Polled-Durham Bull
J. L. HUMBERT, Charlottesville, Va

REGISTERED JERSEY BULLS "« ^ALE
AT A BARGAIN.

Calves 1 and 2 yr. olds; also
EGGS FOR HATCHINC, W. & B. P. Rocks,
W. & B. Leghorns, and S. L. Wyau-
dottes, 7o cents for 1.5.

J. B. JOHNSON, Manassas, Va.
"Clover Hill Farm "

REGISTERED ABERDEEN ANGUS

Cows and heifers for sale.
Prices low.

W. B. MACQREGOR.

Avon, Va.

A neat Binder for your back num-
bers can be had for 25 cents. Address
our Business OfBce.

is specially thrilling in the telling.
Needless to say, the end is love.

Marion Harlan outdoes herself in
the powerful story she contributes to
the August Lippincott's, called "The
Seventeenth of August, 1844." The
til le smacks of history, but the
pathetic tale is pure fiction of the most
appealing sort. An adventure story
by William Le Queux, called "The Man
with the Black Spectacles," is a
rousing good one about a royal dis-
guise and what comes of it.

The way a medical man sacrifices
himself for a friend, whose wife finds
some compromising letters in her hus-
band's pockets, is told under the title
"Another Man's Excuse," by E. Spence
de Due. This sounds true.

Edward Boltwood's sketches of west-
ern camp life are well liked. That in
Lippincott's August number, entitled
"Cupid in the Horse-Camp," is one of
his best.

Churchill Williams tells stories as
if he saw before him what he is writ-
ing about, and so impresses it upon the
reader. His tale of a strike at the
Sampson Steel MiFl, called "The
Siren," is most graphic and interest-
ing, showing what one man can do
against many.

"For A' That," by Clinton Danger-
field, hides a moral under a parable, in
which a German monarch and an
American ranchman become the best
of friends. There is an amusing easy-
dialect tale by Ella Middleton Tybout,
entitled "The Offending Eye."

A single exception to fiction in the
August number of Lippincott's Maga-
zine is a paper entitled "Father Kneipp
and His Cure," by Maud Howe. She
says that Father Kneipp dislikes "wo-
men who wear gloves, a veil and a
good bonnet," so let all such beware
if their troubles lead them to him for
a cure.

REPORTS.

U. S. Department of Agriculture,
Washington, D. C. Year Book of
the Department of Agriculture,
1902. This is a most excellent
issue of this valuable publication,
and ought to be in the hands of
every farmer. Write your con-
gressman or senator for a copy.
The department itself has no more
copies allowed it than suffice for
its correspondents.
Bureau of Plant Industry, Bulletin

43. Japanese Bamboos and Their
Introduction into America.

Bureau of Plant Industry, Bulletin

44. The Bitter Rot of Apples.
Division of Foreign Markets, Bulle-
tin 32. Distribution of the Agri-
cultural Exports of the United
States. 1898-1902.

Biireaii of Forestry, Circular 25.

Forestry and the Lumber Supply.
Progress in Secondary Education in

Agriculture, by A. C. True.
Practices in Crop Rotation, by G. K.

Holmes.
Bureau of Soils, Circular 10.— The

My? Fine' Herd!tof .Registered

SHROPSHIRE SHEEP

:-— f6Ri SALE— As 1 retire from farming after
this year, I offer the above at a very great dis-
count. Write me for prices on come, see them.

H. R. QRAHAH,
BARCLAY, P. 0-. Queen Anne Co., Md.

FOR SALE

SHROPSHIRE SHEEP

1 yearling buck, 1 two year old buck,

and several buck lambs, aU registered.

Apply to, ANTRIM STOCK FARM,

Warrentou, Va.

"Meadow Brook Stock Farm."

SHropsHire SKeep.

Very fine yearhng bucks, sired by best
English bucks, from pure-bred native
ewes. Fine ewe lambs for sale.
C. A. SAUNDERS, Culpeper, Va.

Suffolk" Down Sheep For Sale.

I now oflTer Buck and Ewe lambs of this
splendid breed which lias proven itself
the best adapted for crossing for early
lambs Single Buck, $15.00: Buck and 2
Ewes, $40 00.
D. n. CLOYD, = Dublin, Va.

C. Whites. Fine large
strains. .411 ages, mated
not a in, s week, pigs.

Bred sows. Service boars

and Poultry. Write for prices and free circular.
P. F. HAMI'LTON. Cochranville, Chester Co., Pa.

Aryshires, Berkshlres and Oxford-Downs.

Ayrshire Calves of both sexes, Berkshire
Pigs and Boar and 2 Oxford- Down Rams for
sule. MELROSE CASTLE FARM.

Enos H. Hess, Manager, Casanova, Va.

The RICHMOND, FREDERICKSBURG

and POTOMAC R. R.
and WASHINGTON SOUTHERN R'Y

Form the Link connecting the

Atlantic Coast Line R. R.,
Baltimore and Ohio R. R.,
Chesapeake and Ohio R'y.
Pennsylvania R. R.,
Seaboard Air Line R'y
and Southern R'y.
Between all points, via Richmond, Va.

Fast Mall, Passenger and Express Route k«-
tween Richmond, Fredericksburg, Alexan-
dria, Washington, Baltimore, Philadelphia,
New York, Boston, Pittsburg, Buffalo and All
Points North, East and West.

W. P. TAYLOR, Traffic Manager, Richmond, Va

Mention the Southern Planter In
writing.

532

THE SOUTHERX PLAA^TER.

[August

Use of Alkaline and Saline Waters
for Irrigation.
Publications of the United States
Department of Agriculture for
sale by the Superintendent of Doc-
uments.
Farmers' Bulletin, 159. Scab in

Sheep.
Farmers' Bulletin, 173. A Primer

in Forestry.
Farmers' Bulletin, 174. Broom Corn.
Farmers' Bulletin, 175. Home Man-
ufacture and Use of Unferniented
Grape Juice.
Farmers' Bulletin, 176. Cranberry

Culture.
Farmers' Bulletin, 177. Squab
Raisin.?.

Alahama Experiment Station, Auburn,
Ala. Bulletin 123. Vetch, cow
peas and Soy Bean Hay as Sub-
stitutes for Wheat Bran.
Bulletin 124. The Horticultural
Law. Notes on some of the insect
and fungous diseases affecting
horticultural crops.

California Experiment Station. Bert

ley. Cal. Bulletin 147. Culture

Work at the Sub-Stations. 1899-

1901.

Bulletin 148. Resistant Vines and

Their Hybrids.
Bulletin 149. The California Sugar

Industry.

Bulletin 150. The Value of Oak
I.,eaves for Forage.

Idaho Experiment Station. Moscow,
Idaho. Bulletin 38. Grass and
Forage Plants in Idaho.

Kansas Experiment Station, Manhat-
tan, Kan. Bulletin 117. Bacteria
of the Soil.
Bulletin 117. Flesh and Fat
Beef.

Maryland Experiment Station, College
Park, Md. Economical methods
for Improving the Keeping Quali-
ties of Milk.

Maryland Agricultural College Quart-
erly, May. 1903.

Missouri Experiment Station, Colum-
bia. Mo. Bulletin 62. Hessian
Fly in Missouri.
Bulletin fil. Apple Growing in Mis
scuri.

Nebraska Experiment Station. Lincoln
Neb. Bulletin 80. Experiments
in Mulching Garden Vegetables.

New Hampshire Experiment Station
Durham. N. H. Bulletin 102. In
sect Record for 1902.

New York Experiment Station, Geneva
N. Y. Bulletin 232. Popular
Edition. An Unsiiccessful Cab
bage Rot Remedy.

New Mexico Experiment Station, Me
silla Park, N. M. Bulletin 44
Ash Analysis of Some New Mexico
Plants.
Bulletin 45. Pumping for Irrigation
from Wells.

Ohio Experiment Station, Wooster, 0.
Bulletin 139. A Rosette Disease
of Potatoes.

Rhode Island Experiment Station,
Kingston, R. I. Fifteenth Annual
Report.

South Dakota Experiment Station,

— DUNTREATH BERKSHIRES^*

"BRED.IN-THE-PURPLE."

EXTRA CHOICE Young Pigs for sale, all eligible to
registry, and now ready for shipment. Orders also taken now
for late Summer and Fall shipments.

DUNTREATH STOCK FARM,

Box 666.

RICHMOND, VA.

Reference: American National Bank of Kichmond,

BERKSHIRES.

Imported Sir John Bull, No. 3609— B. H. B.
Imported Dansfield Roland, No. 60528-B. H. B.
Imported Columbia, No. 60527— B. H. B.
imported Royal Carlisle, No. 4841— B. H. B.
An<l that Immensely Princely Hog
Uncle Sam No. 7233 '""^ tlie sires of my Spring and Summer offerings of
pigs. Does thi.* list of Royalty suit your fancy? They represent the most famous
Berkshire breeders of England. Fancy stock, moderate price

Fancy Pups and fancy pigs <lo not fancy each other ; be prompt if you want
a ready-for-field )>up at a sacrifice.

Short Horn (Durham Cattle) for sale. Write for particulars.

THOS. S. WHITE, Fassifern Stock Farm, Lexington, Va.

HILL TOP STOCK FARM.

Berkshire Hogs and South-
Down Sheep

A SPECIALTY. .I'l');'

S. Brown Allen, who succeeds H. A S. '/'"^ j
Hamilton&Co in the ownership and man-
agement of this celel)rated Stock Farm, oliVrs a few Berkshire Pigs that have
been bred without regard to cost, and one and two vear old

SOUTHDOWN BUCKS,

that cannot be excelled in this country. We have swept preniiums on this ftock
over all competitors at Fairs in th's and adjoining States

S. BROWN ALLEN, Staunton, Virginia, (Successor to HAS Hamilton A Co.)

We positively guarantee to breed
and ship the VKKV IIK^T strains of

M
tliorou'.'hbred registered LARGE

ENGLISH BERKSHIRE

Hogs for LESSMONKY than any otlier
lirui in the U. S., tlie superiority of our
stock considered Send us your order
and we wiU satisfy you both in price
and stock. WALTER B. FLEMING,

Proprietor of the Bridle Creek Stock Farn-

Warrenton. N. C.

Pkuf. JOHN Si'KNi Kl;, Velerlna

Chloro-Nainholeum Dip

" Insures the De.ttructions of Mites, tmibreaks wlitch liave i;onu' under our notice have
been tli<ir<>us;hlv >tHmpiil out l>y dippini; In a J percent solution of Chloro .Vapttioleum Dip,"

II you've trleil It you know how kooiI it Is, if you haven't, try It now. une Gallon sent pre-
paid upon reeelpt ol SI.. ">0. money order or check. Hooklet free. It ean make money for vou.
F. V. GUNN & CO.. RichmoiKl. Va.. Agts. Va. & N. C. « The WEST DISINFECTING CO.. Inc.. MIrs.

1903.]

THE SOUTHEEN PLANTEE.

53J

Brookings, S. D. Lamb Feeding.
Fattening Sheep on Grass.

Virginia Experiment Station, Blacks-
burg, Va. Virginia State Crop
Pest. Commission Announcement
in Regard to Enforcement of the
Law.

Virginia Weather Bureau, Richmond,
Va. Report for June, 1903.

Imperial Department of Agriculture
for West Indies, Barbadoes. W. I.
Agricultural News, June, 1903.
PAMPHLETS. ETC.

Sheep Upon the Cotton Fields and
Other Matters. By Edward Atkin-
son. An address prepared for sub
mission to the Southern Cotton
Spinners Association.

Fuel— What We Don't Know About It.
By Edward Atkinson. There is
much food for thought and many
suggestions of value in this pam-
phlet.

International Live Stock Exposition,
Union Stock Yards, Chicago, No-
vember 2.Sth to December 5, 1903.
Preliminary classification.

St. I^ouis Exposition, Department of
Horticulture. Circular of infor-
mation as to exhibits and methods
of preparing and preserving them.
Copy will be sent on application
to F. W. Taylor. World's Fair, St.
Louis.

Franklin Davis Nursery Company,
Baltimore, M. Catalogue.

Danville Military Institute, Danville,
Va. Prospectus, 1903-1904. This
is a most beautifully got-up pam-
phlet with a pile of information
as to this excellent school.

American Devon Cattle Club, Newark,
O. Year Book for 1903. L. P.
Sisson, Secretary, Newark, O.

International Stock Food Company.
Minneapolis, Minn Dan Patch
March. Composed by Carl Willis

BACK NUMBERS WANTED.

The file of the Southern Planter
in the Library of Congress lacks:

Volume 1 to 10 (1841-'50). N. S„ 8,
9 (1874-'75).

Volume 38 to 40 (1877-'79).

Volume 18, No. 12— December, 1858.

Volume 19, Nos. 1, 9, 10 — January
September, October, 1859.

Volume 21, No. 6 to 12 — June to
December, 1861.

New Series, Volume 1, Nos. 1 to 5 —
February to June, ISfiT.

New Series, Volume 6, Nos. 5, 6,
7— May, June, July, 1872.

New Series, Volume 7, Nos. 2 to
12 — February to December, 1873.

Volume 37, Nos. 5 to 12— May to
December, 1876.

Volume 41, Nos. 2 to 6 — February
to June. 1880.

Volume 43. Nos. 9, 11— May 15.
June 15, 1882.

Volume 45, No. 7— July, 1884.

Volume 50. No. 10— October. 1889.

If any of our subscribers have any
of the above numbers and desire to
part with them, kindly write Mr. Her-
bert Putnam, Librarian of Congress,
Washington, D. C.

PUBLIC SALE.

60 Head of Pure Bred SHORTHORN Cattle

AVILL BE SOLD

AUGUST 25. 1903, AT RADFORD, VA.

The offering will include almost the entire herd of W. W.
Bentley, and a draft from J. T. Cowan's herd. Altogether
"a rare good lot of breeding cattle of high merit.

I J. T. COWAIN!,lii W. W. BENTLEY,
Cowan's Mills, Va., Pulaski City, Va.

^jij. ■■■«■.'

ABEFiDEEN-ANGUS CATTLE^

FOR SALE AT INTRODUCTORY PRICES-

Choice Bulls from 3
months to 2'% years
old.

The Best Breed in
the world for
grading=up
purposes.
Call and see them or write for prices.
ROSED ALE STOCK FARM. Jeff ersonton> Culpeper Co., Va.

SUNNY HOME HERD OF

ABERDEEN-ANGUS CATTLE.

Baron Roscboy, 57666, by the great Gay Blackbird, dam by Eulalles Elrlc, 2d prlz«
yearling at Columbian Exposition, 1893, headB the herd. Pedigree means only the tracing
of good or bad qualities through several generations. The animals comprising this herd
lare direct descendants of the greatest prize-winners of the breed for the past twenty-flve
Uyears. Does this mean anything to you, who are in need of an animal of this the GREAT-
EST BEEF BREED? If so, come and see the best lot of calves we ever bred, or write.

A. L. FRENCH, Proprietor, R. F. D. 2 , Byrdville, Va.

(Note change of P. O. address).
Depot and shipping point, Fitzgerald. N. C, on D. & W. R'y, 24 mUes southwest of Dan-
ville, Va.

534

THE SOUTHERN PLAXTEH.

[August

EMILYS CHARGE— A BID FOR
WALTER.

CHAPTER II.

A few days after the funeral the or-
phans received a visit from their
father's brother, Dr. Henningham, a
man who, whilst possessing much of
their father's franl<ness and geniality,
was very different from him in some of
his traits and habits. Dr. Henningham
was of a convivial nature, and though
not a coniirmed drunkard,' he dranlc
enougli to impair his vigor, both of
mind and body, and to cast a shadow
over his household. Emily had many
a time turned away with tearful eyes
and burning cheeks as she observed
the thick utterance and shaking hand
of her uncle, whose kindly and genial
nature attached her to him, despite
his weakness.

Dr. Henningham had no son. His
family consisted of his wife and two
daughters, and he now proposed to
adopt Walter. Grateful as she was
for the kind spirit displayed in the
offer, Emily shrank back reluctantly
from accepting it. True, her uncle
had his good points and attractive
qualities, but with his fatal weakness
this would but rendei his influence
stronger, and hence more dangerous
to a youth under his charge. Dissipa-
tion would appear more tolerable and
even attractive in a person so agree-
able and warm-hearted, than in a
churlish and tingifted one. Besides,
she could already discern a family
likeness between her uncle's tempera-
ment and Walter's, which would make
the risk all the greater, were she to
give up the boy into the former's keep-
ing. True, he could give Walter more
material comforts and advantages than
she could possibly do, b\it then she
had learned from her mother to con-
sider, first of all, what would nourish
and conduce to the higher life, and
then to take a secondary view of those
that conduce to natural life, and when
these conflicted, she always aimed to
make the lower and transient give
way to the higher and the enduring.
Looking at the subject in this way,
she could not feel it right to accept
her uncle's offer for Walter, especially
as she had promised her mother to
guard the boy from temptation, as far
as in her lay. After maturely consid-
ering the subject, she came to the con-
clusion that her uncle could give Wal-
ter no advantages that would offset or
neutralize the harmful influences and
examples to which the boy would be
exposed, and, therefore, she thanked
her uncle, affectionately, but declined
his offer.

"I think I must try to keep Walter
myself." she said. "He is almost like
my own son, and my mother was so
anxious for me to keep him with me.
if possible."

"But. Emily," exclaimed her uncle,
"you surely cannot realize what you
are saying; what you are declining
for Walter. I propose to support and
educate him, as if he were my own
son. You will not And It such a light

The Old Way — Kicfcing Corn With Knife Fastened to Boot

FARMERS DON'T KICK NOW!

Their corn is cut with

DEERING IDEAL
CORN BINDERS

Deenng Corn Binders gather all uf the corn. They do not waste.
They are constructed on the grain binder principle; the corn is bound
while in a horizontal position in the same manner as a sheaf of wheat.
They do not knock oit ears.

Deering Corn Binders, Corn Shockers,
Huskers and Shredders

are money-makers for the farmer. Ask the nearest Deering agent for
a " Deering Corn Annual."

TheJ^etoWay — 'DEERING CORN 'BINDER in the Field

Reg. H O L S T E I N-F R I E S I A N

CATTLE of the Netherland, De Kol, Clothilde, Pietertje

and Artis tamilies. Heavy milkers aud rich in butter

fat. Stock of all ages for sale,

Rce. BERKSHIRES ^'^P^ noted strains, Imported Headlight, Lord
°' -Highclere and Suuri.se.

DORSET SHEEP=

B. PLYMOUTH ROCK CHICKENS,

N. .fc W. aud Southern K. K.

T. O. SANDY, Burkevllle, Va.

* WF- flFPFR '' ^^^^ well-bred registered Jersey
J Bull and heifer Calves at $30 each.
2 They are four months old and from best strains of this
i breed ; also a few young Berkshire boars large enough

* for service at $15 each, aud pigs eight weeks old at $6
ft
^ each — by paij- or trio, not akin.

I M. B. ROWE & CO., - Fredericksburg, Va

*.je«Jt>>«jcJtyje«i^>>»if>>>>>>>J6>:«>>:>>>>>'>t>i>:>c^^

When corresponding with our advertisers always mention the
Southern Planter.

1!)03.]

THE SOUTHEKN PLANTER

535

PIGS ARE COMING

MAKES PIGS GAIN 3 LBS. PER DAY

Blanchard, Iowa.
Internationai, Stock Food Co., Minneapolis, Minn.

Gentlemen: — This is to certify that having used
"Inlemaiional Stock Food" for three years I cheerfully recom-
mend it to all stockmen, and especially those who raise
hogs. Last spring with a bunch of the runtiest pigs I ever
had they made a gain of three pounds apiece per day.

J. S. BELL.

ONE CENT
medicin&t prepkration to be fed to stock
appetite and Aids Digeation &nd Assimilstton so tbs
.^verthe usual Plan of Growing and Fattening stock
-,J\bBolutely Harmless even if taken into the Human syste
, Pepper is a powerful

les from Minneapolis and contains 050 aci

>}4 ; to our VoOKo Staluoks, Brood Habes, CV

Prepared from Roots, Herbs, Seeds and Barks and Won the Bigbei

L'd "Internatiocal Stock J'onu" ever> day to all
BoRSKS, Cattle and Hogs. "IN ^EK^AT10^.\L STOCK '
; Paris Exposition in 19U0 as a High-Class vegetable,

IMTBRNATIONAI. STOCK FOOD CO.,

Fattening stock becai

al obtains more nutrition from the grain eaten. We positively guarantee that its Dee ^vi)l niake you extra money c!

ilioDnl Slock Food" can be fed in safety to Horses, Cattle, Sheep, Goats, Hogs, Colts, Calves, Lambs "' " '

<u insist on eating medicinal ingredients with your Own food at every meal. Salt is a stomach toi

tard is a remedy for dyspepsia. Vinegar is a diuretic. You eatthese medicinal Ingredientsalmostwithevery mouthful of your \

omote health and strength for people and improve their digestion, "laternational Stock Food" contains pure vegetable medicinal \

sry an addition to the regular feed of your stock if you desire to keep them in the best possible condition. "International Stock Pood"

oagbout Iho ^

the World fo)
aod Seeds ihat

»3~Your Money ■

"rij them he.iUh!

4^-'Beware of 1

"International <
JOffaUu__
many Cheap and Inferior /

,_, ^.. en that these Medi ^-- ... .. ...

1 that are just as safe and as necessary an addition to the regular feed of your stock if:
endorsed by Every High-Class Farm Paper. !t purifies the blood, stimulates and permanently strengthens the <

DGk Food" is sold on a "Spot Cash aaarantee" by Fifty Thousand Healer -- ..

i\lt will make your Calves or Pigs grow Amazinclv and has th.) Iarfrc5t sa
^flmltatlons. No Chemist oan Mparate all the DlffercDt powdered Root«. llorbs, 1

WHAT PEOPLE SAY ABOUT TMIS BOOK.

International Stock Food Co., Odessa, Mo.

Eau Claire. Wis. ■ Dear Sirs: — Your "International Stock Book" duly received,

Bear Sirs:— I received your "International Stock Book" and | and it is the best thing of its class that I have ever seen. There is
was more than pleased with it. It is worth more than $10.00 to
me. Very truly yours. RICHARD J. MORRI3SEY.

eful articles in it from start to finish.

Respectfully. GEO. W. NULL.

A $3000.00 STOCK BOOH FREE

IT CONTAINS 183 LARGE ENGRAVINGS OF HORSES, CATTLE, SHEEP, POULTRY, ETC.

The Cover of this Book is a Beautiful Live Stock Picture flS-Prlnted In SU Brilliant Colors. Size of the ^oot is &^ by 9^ inches. It cost
make these Engravings. It describes common Diseases, and tells how to treat them. It olr" ' "^ - - .- "■ . - . •" • .■
Sheep, Goats, Hogs and Poultry. Tt contains Life Enp'^avinga of many Tory n»t»d Animal:

riptio

93000 to have our Artists and Engravarf
HiEtory and Illuatratlone of the Different Breeds of Horses. Cattle,
ThB Editor Of TbU Paper Will Tell You That You Oaght To Have
That Will Save Yon Hundreds of Dollars.

lials

This Stock. Book In Your Library For Eeferenee. K3-It Contains a Finely TUustrated Veterinary Depai

WE WILL MAIL IT TO YOU ABSOLUTELY FREE, ««r-postage Prepaid..
We Will Pay Yoa $10.00 Casb if book is not as described. Write as bI onc«, letter or posUI eard, and AirswEB THESE 2 QCBSTIOHB:

1st.— Name This Paper 2d.— How Much Stock Have Tou?

We Employ Over 300 People and ha
HoDdreda of ThoQsands of TestimoniaJ
Kefer to Any Bank in Minneapolis.

INTEBNATIONAL STOCK FOOD CO.. Minneapolis. Minn., U.S. A.

LwgMt stock Food Factory io the World.

Capital Paid in, tl.000.000.
eOO.OOO Feetof Space in Our New Factory.

job to do this. In fact, you will find I
it impossible."

"I think, uucle," she replied gently,
but firmly, "I shall keep him with me,
and do the best I can for him, though
I thank you from my heart for your
kind offer."

■How do you propose to support
him?" asked her uncle, half in kind-
ness, half in irony.

Emily detailed their resources, their
little piece of property and her plan
of teaching school, adding that she had
collected a hundred dollars of rent just
before her mother's death, and she had
a few pieces of old family silver to
dispose of.

"A blue prospect!" exclaimed Dr.
Henningham. That little cottage and
tract of land, if sold in the present
depressed condition of real estate,
would scarcely bring enough to sup-
port you six months."

"But I don't want to sell it," replied
Emily, my plan is to live there and
try to get a school in that vicinity.'

VIRGINIA DIVISION.

Farmers Mutual Benefit Association

A Fire Insurance Association, chartered by the State of Virginia, for
farmers, under an amended and well protected plan.

Insures in counties surrounding and accessible to Richmond, against Fire
and Lightning, only country property — no stores or unsafe risks. Policy-holders
amply secured — all legitimate losses paid. Average cost per year less than other
plans, and a great saving to farmers. Amount of property now insured, $330,000,
and increasing yearly. Estimated securiey in real and other estate, $750,000.

For further information, address, CHAS. N. FRIEND, General Agent,

MENTION THIS JOllKNAL. CHESTER, VIRGINIA.

"ELI"Agamst the Field.

It leads in power, in speed, in safety, in convenience and ease
of operation and makes ^ompaotest and shapeliest balee.

HAY BALER WITH A RECORD^

the pride of shippeiis. Steel or Wood, Horse or Steam Po'wer.
Such automatic features as self-feeding, block placing, hay
condenalDg, bell ringing:, etc i^ Ftyleii and sizes. Get free Eli catalog

COLLINS PLOW COMPANY, 18S Hampshire St., Quincy, Ills.

536

THE SOUTHED X PLAXTKK.

[August

"Teaching is a precarious business,"
said her uncle, "and not well paid.
Still you might make a living by it if
you only attempted to provide for
yourself; but with two mill stones
around your neck — "

"One point you overlooked, uncle."
she rejoined. "Walter is now twelve.
In a few years, say, five or six, he
will probably be able to support him-
self and protect and help his sisters."

"It is not so easy," replied her uncle,
"for young men to find openings to
support themsehes, and Walter will
find unusual difficulties if you presist
in debarring him from such advant-
ages as are within his reach. You are
60 quixotic, so Utopian. I scarcely
know whether to laugh or be provoked.
You are as ignorant of the ways of the
world as a baby. I give you a year,
however, to come to you senses, and
then I shall prepare to receive Walter.
Doubtless some of the other relatives
will adopt or help yon to support
Alice, and then you may reasonably
hope to support yourself by teaching,
after you have given up the impracti-
cable task of trying to keep your
brother and sister." So saying, he
arose and took his leave, a little testily,
though not unkindly, reiterating to
Emily as he started that she might
consider his offer as holding good for
twelve months.

(To be Continued.)

FIFTY DOLLARS FOR A BOTTLE OF
GOMBAULTS CAUSTIC BALSAM.

Jonesboro. Tenn., Feb. 4, 1903.
The Lawrence-Williams Co.. Cleveland,
Ohio:
I have used your GOMBAULTS
CAUSTIC BALSAM for wind galls,
saddle galls, collar bruises, cuts by
barbed wire, splints, knots, etc. I have
part of one bottle left, and if I thought
I could not get another I would not
take fiftv dollars for it.— D. G. KEEB-
LER.

WOODLAWN SEMINARY.

Elsewhere in this issue will be
found the advertisement of the Wood
lown Seminar}' and Musical Institute,
of Gordonsville. Va. This splendid
boarding school for girls is beautifully
and healthfully situated in the Pied-
mont section of Virginia. Under Pro-
fessor Edgar Stinson it has all the ad-
vantages of a Christian home, fitting
pupils for college, teaching or the ac-
tive duties of life. Send for further
information.

JERSEY CATTLE.

We have for sale, Youne Cows, Heifers aad Voung: Bulls,
from cows testing i8 to 24 II>». ot batter in seTen da>8, and giving
40 to 60 lbs. of uiilk per day. Al>i ■ —

LARGE YORKSHIRE PIGS,

The coming bacon bree<i. Our -itocii is from the most not
England and Canada.

Write for prices. Addres.* —

B :>WMONT FARMS,

Our -itocii is from the most noteti breeders in

SALEM,
VIRGINIA.

Bacon: A dog that runs under a car-
riage is called a carriage dog, is it not?

Egbert: Certainly.

Bacon: Well, what would you call a
dog that runs under an automobile?

Egbert: A dead dog.

A neat Binder for your back num-
bers can be bad for 25 cents. Address
our Business Office.

JOHN S. FUNK,

GLE.N FARM.

— IMPOEItB AND BBEEI'EB OF—

Polled

Durham

Cattle,

Shropshire Sheep,
Southdown Sheep,

Poland-China Hogs. Berkshire Hogs. All carefullv bred regardless of cost.
SINGER'^ GLEN. VA.

X X

8 CiSMONT dorsetS i

CISMOHT STOCK FARM offers weU developed young
DorsetS of the l>est blood of England and America.

X

X
X

X

Prices Reasonable.

6. S. LINDENKOHL, Keswick, Aibemarle Co., Va.

XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX

1903.] THE SOUTHERN PLANTEE. 537

I BILTMORE FARMS, = Biltmore, N. C.

; Headquarters for GOLDEN LAD JERSEYS, J

'^ Also Get of TREVARTH and GEN. MARIGOLD. ^ ^ ^ J

; fc

^ GOLDEN LAD'S SUCCESSOR. First and sweepstakes over all at the Pan-American Exposition, the fc

«^ champion JERSEY BULL OF AMERICA, and out of Golden Ora, our great prize-winning cow, both ^

» born and developed on these Farms, is among our service bulls. %

Biltmore Jerseys are a combination of large and persistent milking qualities with an individuality lb

that wins in the show ring. *

^ SPECIALTY. Write for descriptive circular of the best lot of young bull calves ever offered, both for *

^ breeding and individuality. They are by noted sires and out of large and tested selected dams. Many *

^ of these calves are fit to show and win in any company. J

2 ^ ^ BILTMORE POULTRY YARDS. j» > fc

m SPECIALTY. Write for descriptive circular of eggs from our prize-winning pens. Over 50 yards to select .

H from, made up of the winners at the leading shows for the last two seasons. If you want winners you o

«j must breed from winners. ^

? Headquarters for the best IMPORTED ENGLISH BERKSHIRES. fc

5 APPLY TO BILTMORE FARMS, biltmore. n. c. J

iPKiPiriPjriPifKjCKif'KiPKK'iCjriCiriC'iPiPjrKK'irKiPis'jr^'iPK'K'jrjciPKK'jf'if'jCjrjfjf'trK'Kif'J*'!*'*

IDlPEBIIILFiiyiTynpoiimiiFllBIII

Is now booking orders for Eggs from the best strains and careful matings of

Barred, Buff and White Plymouth Rocks,
Silver=Laced and White Wyandottes,
S. C. B. Leghorns and Mammoth Pekin Ducks,
AT $1.00 PER SITTING.
EGGS FROM BLACK DEVIL PIT GAMES.

Never known to run. The grittiest of all games. $2.00 PER SITTING.

We give 15 Chicken and 13 Duck Eggs lor sitting. Order at once.
Write name and address plainly. Remember the express is no more on 2 or 3 sittings than on i.
Refer to Augusta National Bank and former patrons. Satisfaction guaranteed or money refunded

P. H. HEYDENREICH, - Staunton, Va.

j38

THESOUTHEKN" PLANTER.

[ August

GOOD HOUSEKEEPING.
In the July number of the S(itTiiKitN-|
Pi.vNTKB there was a request for a
recipe tor puttine up cucumbers for
pickle. This suggested the idea that
a Housekeeper's Column might add
something to the interest and value
of the magazine, so we have decided
to make the experiment, and the read-
ers may rest assured that any recipe
published has been thoroughly tested
and found reliable. Most of them are
in constant use in a country neighbor-
hood which has long been celebrated
for its ".eood living."

niti.Ni:i) CiciMUKHS. — I like the
cucumbers for pickle to be about two
and a half or three inches long. They
should be gathered every morning and
put into a jar or tub of weak salt
water; after a few days take them
out and pack them closely in a tight
keg or a large jar and pour over them
a brine made of one quart of salt and
one gallon of water and an inch or
two of horseradish; boil and skim
and pour it over the cucumbers hot.
The horseradish prevents rao\ilding.
After nine days they are ready for
making up. but they will keep a year
if vou prefer to make the pickle just
as vou need it. The pickle we get in
the stores in barrels is prepared by
soaking all the salt out of the cucum-
bers (and it takes about three days,
changing the water twice a day), and
, pouring over them enough boiling
vinegar to cover, in which you have
boiled one cup of brown sugar, one
pod of red pepper and one tablespoon-
ful of black pepper and a small piece
of horseradish to each gallon. Tie it
up and let it stand for two months.

Grkkn CtitMiiEB Pickle.— A f t e r
soaking the salt out of the cucum-
bers put them into a brass kettle,
a layer of cucumbers and a layer of
grape leaves, until the kettle is full.
Pour over them a weak vinegar, or one
quart of strong vinegar to three quarts
of water, and set them on the stove
and cook very slowly for several hours,
or til' they are a bright green. Take
them out and wipe them dry and pack
two gallons into a jar and spread be-
tween the layers three tablespoons of
white mustard seed, two tablespoons
of black mustard seed, three table-
spoons of celery seed, two tablespoons
of whole black peppers, one tablespoon
of cloves, one heaping tablespoon of
allspice, one tablespoon of cracked
ginger, one tablespoon of cracked nut
meg. one stick of cinnamon, two pods
of red pepper and one cup of grated
horseradish. Pour over it all three
quarts of good vinegar, in which you
have boiled ten cups of brown sugar.
Heat the vinegar two mornings and
the pickle will be ready for use in a
month, hut is better if kept.

Mexican Mixeo Picki.e. — Two dozen
large cucumbers cut into large pieces.
Chop eight heads of cabbage, six dozen
onions, two dozen green peppers.
Sprinkle nearly a quart of salt over It
all and turn it into a bag <wd hang It

^^ ,,,.....». ,. ,^ j, L ! jrgg

CHAMPION PRINCE
RUPERT No. 79,539.
,,.. at head of herd

HEREFORDS

A Few High Class Bulls and Calves For Sale

EDWARD G. BUTLER.

Write me

before buying

elsewhere.

BRIGGS,

VIRGINIA.

Send for

illustration of

Prince Rupert.

QeoiSteieu PEBEFOP CRITLE.

Service Bulls ; Imported Salisbury 7H059 (19083). Lars Jr. 85297.
FOR SALE-A choice lot of bull calves and yearling bulls The bull calves sold recently
weighed 60U lbs. at 6 mos old. Call and make your own selection Prices right.
MURRAY BOOCOCK, Owners, Keswick, Va.

Bacon Hall Farm.

Hereford REGiSTEREDGattle

"TOP" BREEDINQ, CALVES NOT AKIN.
MOTTO— Satisfaction or no sale.

i E. M. GILLET & SON,

1 1 1 1 1 11

Qlencoe, Haryland.

r T II Ill i 1 u

HBREFORO CATTLB -C«lT»8, entitled to registration, $75 to $100. Grade Calves by "Sir Ed-
ward" 825 to $40.

SHROPSHIRE 8HCEP.— Bucks, one year Old and over, $16 to
$10 to $12 Ewe Lambs, July delivery, 88 and $10.

Buck Lambs, July dellrery,

POLAND-CHINAHOQS.-Plgs. six weeks old, $5. Pigs, two or three months old, r.50. Plgi.

five months and over, $15 to $20.
M. BRONZE TUHKBYS.-Toms, $4. Hens, $3. Eggs, per slttlngof 12, when m season, $4.
MUSOOVY DUCKS.— Pure White Drakes, 81.25. Pure White Ducks, 81. Palrs,$2.25. Trios, $S.
BARRED PLYMOUTH ROCKS.
ROUEN QEBSB.—Oanden, $2.50. Qeese, 82.60. Eggs, per sitting, $3.

WILLIAML., Jr., No. 21068, half brother of Aitell, win serTB a limited number of mares tor$tt
the season. Mares boarded at lowest figures per month.

1903.]

THE SOUTHERN PLANTER.

539

St. Hlbane Scbool, IRabfor^, tDiiginia.

This school is beautifully located on a sunny headland, above the banks of the New Kiver, in the famous Blue
Grass Region of Virginia. Ideal spot for health and sanitation. Prepare your boy for the university or business
by sending him here.

Pbof. W. H. Randolph, Headmaster, wouldlike to mail you a catalogue containing the "Plan of St. Albans School "

up on the clothes-horse to drip. The
next day squeeze it well and put It
into a kettle, sprinkling four ounces
of white mustard seed, tour ounces ot
black mustard seed, six ounces of
turmeric, (our ounces of celery seed,
three-quarters of a pound of ground
mustard between the layers. Dissolve
eight pounds of sugar in two gallons
of best vinegar and pour it over the
mixture; boil until the vinegar begins
to thicken. This makes about four
gallons and is the very best pickle in
the world.

Ripe Cantaloupe Jam. — This was an
experiment one summer when we had
more melons than we could use and
very little other fruit, and it proved
such a success we always make it,
whether we have a quantity of other
fruit or not. The melons must be
really ripe. Peel them and chop into
small pieces and put them on and boil
until mushy. Then add three fourths
of a pound of sugar to each pound of
the fruit; season a ten pound lot with
four pieces of white ginger, one dozen
cloves and three sticks of cinnamon.
Boil until clear and put into glass jars.

FOR

BERKSHIRE BOAR ready for ser-
vice, longbody , short stout legs, w ell
quartered & correctly rr arkeo , price
$20 00 Will also take orders for
pigs ready for September shipment

FOREST HOME FARM,

PURCELLVILLE.VA.

£i

■rixo 0£tls.s" Xiord-

OFFERS

FOR
-SALE-

2 Registered SHORTHORN COWS,

2 Registered MORGAN COLTS, and a f«w

good yearling SHROPSHIRE RAMS.

B. B. BUCHANAN, Bedford City, Va.

540

THE SOUTHEliX I'l.A \ TKi;.

[ August

This burns so easily that you must stir
it all the time after adding the sugar.
Crush the ginger.

CiiEM- Si-oxiiE Cake.— Six eggs,
beaten separately, very light; to the
yolks artd three cups of sugar; beat
again : then add one cup of cold water.
Sift four cups of flour twice with two
teaspoons of baking-powder. Put the
flour and whites of eggs in alternately
and stir as little as possible. Flavor
with nutmeg and bake in thin jelly-
cake pans, or in cards in the biscuit
pans. This is good with a sauce.

C.KR.WES.

TOPPING THE MARKET.

Cattle fed on shredded corn stover
have repeatedly topped the live stock
market in price. The great nutritive
properties of shredded corn stover
make It an ideal stock food, easily ac-
cessible to all farmers.

The size and price of buskers and
shredders, until recently, made it im-
possible for the small growers to se-
cure a machine for the preparation of
corn fodder. The advent of the Deer-
Ing Two-Roll Husker and Shredder,
which meets the wants of the indi-
vidual farmer, placed it within the
means of the small grower to enjoy
all the benefits of shredded corn
stover. The Deering FoTir-Roll Husker
and Shredder is a strong, reliable ma-
chine designed especially for the large
grower or a club of farmers.

The scientific construction of the
Deering shredder head makes the
shredded stover produced by Deering
machines especially wholesome and
nutritious. Deering shredded corn
stover is famous for its quality. It
makes fat cattle.

HIS IDEA OF A PRAYER.

Harold, the 5-year-old son of the
Presbyterian minister of Dayton, Ky..
was being prepared for bed. He had
spent a very active day at coasting,
and was weary and very sleepy.

"Now. Harold, knee! down by
mamma and say your little prayer."

"But. mamma — " half asleep, with
his head on her shoulder.

"Be mamma's good boy, now." coax-
ingly. "Thank God for all His good-
ness to you."

But Harold was asleep.

His mamma gently aroused him.
"Harold, don't be naughty. Be a good
boy, now, and thank Jesus for the nice
home you have, the warm clothing and
fire to keep you warm and a mamma
and papa lo love you. Think of the
poor little boys who are hungry and
cold to-night, no mamma to love them
no warm bed to go to, and — "

"But, mamma," interrupted the
sleepy boy. roused to a protest. "I
think them's th' fellers that ort to do
the prayin'.' — MHll M. Hundley. i?i
August Lippincotfs.

ARMOUR'S BLOOD MEAL'^r."

First proved by the Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station, and since

corroborated by tbotisands of leading stockmen who have used it without

a single failure. Equally effective for the diarrhea of all animals.

PREVENTS weak bones, paralysis of the hind legs and "thumps"

ia pigs; "big head" of foals; "rickets" of all young an>mals|

abortion due to incomplete nutrition, and a host of other troublea.

A Potent Food for Work Horses, Dairy Cows, Poultry.

Write us for booklet giving valuable Information about Blood Meal andonr
other feeding products. Consult us free of charge regarding stock diseases.

THE ARMOUR FERTILIZER WORKS,
Chloago. Omaha. Baltimore. Atlanta. Jaoksonvtile.

We Are Still in the Business

'*HILL TOP" stock at Shadwell, Va.

Having changed our residence, we brought with us and have for

sale a choice lot of HILL TOP stock.

Jersiey Cattle, Southdown and Shropshire Sheep,

Berkshire Hogs and B. B. R. Game Chickens.

Our Berkshire Pigs are now doselv sold up, but we will have a fine lotready to ship
by September 1st. We will be gliid to serve our old friends and are always glad to
make new ones. ^ .

We have won more premiums on sheep and hogs at State and County Fairs
than all other breeders in Virginia coml)ined.

H. A. S. HAMILTON & SONS, Shadwell, Va.

5 IS so NECESSARY TO THE «

I FARMER AND STOCK RAISER

5 that he cannot afford to be without the
JJ best means of pumping it

Z ADVICE FREE

»

5 if application is made to us.

t Rams, Windmills, Gasoline Engines

^ for pumping and farm use

I SYDNOR PUMP & WELL CO., Inc.

I Box 949. RICHMOND, VA.

V

A neat Binder for your back num-
bers can be bad for 25 cents. Address
our Business Offlce.

T STANDS FOR BIG CROPS, standard evertwherl

K'T iiiiirunti .li lliliit: i>r ifinm-*. ary *.iii.t and ariv uniount
ViT ill ru I'M Kr;i--i ?■ • il »..wiuK' ft' J "v.mi Jiatribution ut
lunipv, dump (»r ilry rtTtliir-ers, nuthinR t'i]iinlM the

SPAIiGLEIlG^r„Tn?P=.Drill

wlK-eis »iil. br la.l tir.-s. Easy to nii^iinil operat<
draft, liivt'ntiu'iito bfforo buyiii;;. M'rltf for r reecatah
SP AMPLER MAKFO. CO., SOI QTTEEM STREET, YORK"' PA

.- -_-ee(i. Dr.lls

»U;ol or wood frame, htirh

tight

1U03.]

THE SOUTHERN PLANTER

541

We are Going to ^■■■^^^^■IM^BI^^^

seUYou a CHATHAM FANNING MILL

On 60 Days' Approval

to convinco yoa of its superiority over any fannine tnill you ever heard
of. If that isn't long enough time we will take \ourTliree If eursIXote.
WKKNOW what the Otiatliaiu will do for you, how much monoy it
will make, how much it will save you, bow strong it is, how easily it runs
and the perfect work it accomplishes. It will clean and grade your
seed grain, will enable you to sell your clean prain at the top price, will
save the timothy seed from the yearly crop of i^rain, save the scr=jenings
for feed for your stock. The tlaatliam will clean and grade any
kind, of seed or grain. The new bagging attachment saves the work of
one man. We have already sold OVER one hundred thousand (100,000)
of them in every part of the U. S. and Canada, and are not going tu stop
until we place one in the hands of every farmer, stock raiser and seeds-
maa in North America. We want you to send us your name and address.
We will then send you the most instructive book, free,

**How to Make Dollars Out of Wind."

It tells ways of making easy money that you never thought
of. We will also outline our TBKEE: VEAHS'
Plan of selling you a CUatbaui. It will surprise you
by its liberality and convince you that we believe in our
mill. It gives you a chance to let the mill pay you before
you pay us for the mill.

Here are some of the things others have done with the
help of the Cbatbani Fanning mill:

FredDletz, Raneomville, N. Y., got $108 cash for timothy
eeed out of his wheat, and dldn' t know there was any there.

O. E.Perkine. Hallsport, N.Y., got S550 more for 1000 bushels
of wheat than his neighbor did. Perkins used the Chatham ;
neighbor didn't

D. M.Bethune, Bethune. S. O., obtains Jl extra on every
100 pounds of rice by uelng the Chatham.

G. Woodrinff, So. Charleston, O., secured $157 worth of grass
seed from cleaning up the refuse in barn floors and mangers.

Bead this letter from the Superintendent of the High Shoals
Manufacturing Company.

Nownrite us and get that free book and our
proposition to make you money. Address

High SfiOALS Manufacturing Company,

VARNS. SHIKTIJSGS, CtCJtCKS, STRIPES. ETTC

May 25th. 1903

aluable

afer I had begun to pla

Fanning Mill

of doing vlthout U i
to V. G.

leighbc
ed and fanning peas.

111

I the Fanning Mill arrived. In order
the remainder of the seed of my
the farm 1 found that the seed
al better. In fact one would not''
such a difference. In addition to
third of the seed. I do not think
ine evpn at double the price I paid
ra to fan their seed and they all
hey can see at present. I have only
and 89 stated above I would not

116 Wesson Avenue, Detroit, Mich.

A NOVEL HAT.

Rev. John Mathews, who was a
pioneer Methodist i^reacher of Ala-
bama, has been remembered for his
strict views and many peculiarities.

His wife, who was more liberal in
her ideas, was fond of dress, and once
sold a bureau and with the money
bought a new hat.

The following Sunday Brother
Mathews, being disturbed at the be-
ginning of his discourse by several of
the congregation turning to see the
late arrivals, said:

"Brethren and sisters, don't bother
to loolv around any more. I'll tell you
who comes in."

This he did. calling each one by
name, much to the mortification of the
tardy members. His wife was among
the last, and when she walked down
the aisle he said:

"Make way there for Sister Mathews.
She is coming with a bureau on her
head." — August Lippincott's.

Mr. Nabor: I witnessed your hls-
band's performance at the play last
night, and I must say it was a great
success; I never saw more natural act-

ing.

Mrs. Tartar: Indeed!
Mephlstopoles, I suppose.

Personating

Tlltfk r\(^\ rWCH Saw Mills are Sure Winners.
I lie L^CL^V/rVwl I Eitihtsizes, from Fnrmer.s4h.p. upto200h.p
If Interested, write for large illustrate<1 catalogue of DeLoach Patent Saw Mills to suit any
power from j to 2111' h. p : Shingle MillB, Planers, Eilgers. Trimmers, Stave and Latli Mills, Bolt-
ers, Corn an 1I Pnbr Mills, Water Wheeli", etf. To introduce our New Farmers' Saw Mill, fitted
with DeLoach Patent Variable Friction Feed, we make tliis special ofier:

We will deliver on oars at factory our
No. 0 Pony Farmers' Saw Mill, with Duplex
Dogs, ImiToved Head Blocks, and Ratch-
et yet \A'ork8, complete as shown in cut,
e.xcept it has Carriage made in two 4 foot
sec Ions V. uh Rope Uri"e Instead of Rack
and Pinion without Saw or Belt, for
$116.00 Spot Cash!
Wi'h 36" Solid .«aw, S127,50: 40", $132.5

41", $140.00; 48", S150.00.
With 36"In8erted Paw J147 50; ■iO",J152.50

44", 8160.00; 48",S170 00.
Best Ruhber Belting, 4-ply, 6", 20 cents
per foot ; 8", 30 cents per foot, net.
No discount from these prices.

Our Warrant) : This mill is warranted to be made in a workman-'ike manner, of first class
material ibroiii^Liout, »nd to give perfect satisfaction if operated according to our printed in-
structions, wliich nre so simple thai a boy can understand them Any one with ordinary intelli-
gence can set and operate without the assistance of an experienced sawyer ; will easily cut 2 000
to 2,500 feet of first class board lumber pej day with only 4 h p. ; 3,000 feet with eh, p. ; 4,000 feet
wi'h H b. p.; is nrtapted to any kind or size power up to l-"! h. p.

DeLOACH MILL MANUFACTURING CO., Box 600 Atlanta, Georgia, U. S. A.

The DeLoach Is the only mill made that is shipped to all parts of the world. Over 10.000 In use.

When corresponding with our advertisers always mention the
Southern Planter.

542

THE SOUTHERN PLANTER.

[August

DAVID AND GOLIATH.

(A true and fair account. In common
metre, of this single combat, by an
Irish bard. Written by Gen'l Basil \V.
Duke I

The brightest boy oiild .lesse had

Was David, youngest son.
Ha was a bould and active lad.

Well loiked by Ivery one.

Altho' he had to moind the sheep.

To larn he was so sharp.
Whin other boys wor' fast asleep

He'd practice on the harp.

'Twonld make the birds av hiven hide
Their heads to hear him sing.

He'd murther half the country side
Wid pebbles and a sling.

And thin the soothin' ways he knew
To capture young and old;

The female sex — Och, Whillielu!
'Twas there wor' his best hold.

Whin David was some eighteen years

Of age or thereabout,
Betwane the haythen and Judear

A bloody war broke out.

His brothers 'listed for the war —
Begorra! they wor' daisies;

His father tuk a conthract for
To sell the army chases.

"David," the ould man said wan day,
•'■you'd loike a little thramp.

Jist load some chases on the dhray
And take 'em down to camp."

He dhrove to camp and sought straight-
way

The commissary's tent;
He got a voucher for his pay.

Thin to his brothers went.

He found thira lookin' mighty blue
And in a dhreadful fright;

Rptrate was what they wished to do
And divi! a bit to fight.

A big. black bully, tin foot tall.

Was bhiffin' all the Jews.
And throops and staff and Oin'ral Saul

Wor' quakin' in their shoes.

Goliath was the craythur's name,

A howlin' Philistine;
His sword was loike the lightnin's
flame.

His staff was loike the pine.

He wore upon his back and breast
Tin thousand pounds of brass;

PrUK BRKI)

Short Horn Calves

from fine Stock Al^;o

Yorkshire Pigs

of very Prolilic Hreed

JAS n. HOQE, Hamilton. Va

22 Yean

Ibebcsl

WAGON

MADE.

THE ^FLORENCE

FARM WAGON

is FULLY GUARANTEED to bo the very best, stron?-
and liebtest draft vvagron for all farm pur-
poses. Neat, handsome, substantially con-
structed from best ^ade seasoned timber,
well ironed, it possesses every quality that
makes it desirable. See the FLORENCE
at our nearest agency. If there is no agency near,
write us direct and we will send you free our illus-
trated Cat.ilovrue, our attractive periodical "The
Flor3nce WagQin' Tongue," and make you an o£Eer
to supply you %vitb a FLORENCE WAGON on liberal terms and at a low price.
Write todarto Oept.C. FLORENCE WAGON WORKS, Florence, Alabama.

The Western Farmer'i Farorlte.

■-■ DO<><;OCKKK>S«JOOi><KHjOO<>COOOOOC OOOaaO<H>f>000<H3<K>0^

I PpO^ PREPARED^

AGRICULTURAL

E

The Old Reliable for WHEAT, OATS,
CLOVER and OTHER GRASSES; has
stood the test for twenty-five years,
being composed principally of Hydrate
of Lime, Sulphate of Lime and Potash.

OUR SPECIAL WHEAT FERTILIZER.

We put tlii.s brand on the lUMrkct only a few years ajro, and have had
verv flatterii n results. The liest furmers sav that thev tret better
STAND ;ind OWOWTH of GRASS and CLOVER from it than from
otliT fertilizers. Ti is we can confidently recommend for CORN-
LAND or anv other land of fair fertility.

FRUIT TREES.

Maj G A ISarksdaleoilUclimond, Va , has used our PREPARED

LIME on his fruit trees, and says it has made womlerful iiuprove-
ment, both in the condition of the ttees au.l (|unlity of the fruit.

PLAIN SHELL LIME

Coiii'tantly on hand at lowest prices.

No. 1 WOOD=BURNT LIME

In car lotR at lowest market price from kilns

2 If ynu wish to IMPROVE vour Uini, use a t.,n t... four acre.s for WHEAT X

a and CLOVER, or if you wish to seed it for other GRASSES where tlie land 5

O is in flood coudiiiou. use tlie same (|Uanitv and it will give vou a <rooi STAND o

S and GROWTH of GRASS. Kor reclaiMiiii!: POOR land, "where there is little g

O or no VEGETATION, COVER naked places with litter from the barnyard or <J

O forest, using the same qxv.i: ity and >ok winter OATS and CLOVER. g

X SEND rOR CIRCULAR AND PRICES. 5

I A. S. LEE (gL SON, I

o 102 S. 13th Street, -■- Richmond, Virginia. S

g §
>Q<K><>CK>o<joo<3Cwaooooooo<jaocK>oacH>o<iQOaoocHjoCK]a<x>a<H3<Hj<H5o

1903.]

THE SOUTHERN PLANTER.

543

"MOORE" QUALITY

"MOORH" QUANTITY

J. s.

Successors to D. O'SULLIVAN, and J. S. MOORE & SONS.

CORNCR EIGHTEENTH & MAIN STREETS.

RICHMOND, VIRQINIA.

Wholesale and Retail Grocers, Feed and Liquor Dealers.

WE ARE THE LEADERS 0>^ LOW PRICES.

Pride of Richmond Flour $4.35

No belter can be gotten.
Daisy Flour, which is a fine ar-
ticle 4.00

Mill Feed, Ship Stuff, sacked, per

100 $1.15

Browu Stuff, sacked, per 100 1.10

Country Meal (fine), sacked, per

100 1.40

Coarse Meal, sacked, per 100 1.20

Cotton Seed Meal, sacked, per 100. 1.40
Chop Food, sacked, per 100 1.25

SOAPS! Now we have lots of Soaps.
The brands are of such variety that it
would be taking up your valuable
time in putting the brands in rotation,
but we will give you prices on our lead-
ing goods:
Moon Soap. S-oz. bars, 100 to the

box, per box $2.00

Hustler Soap, 120 to the box, 8-oz.

bars, per box 2.25

SALT.

200 pound sack, per sack 80

100 pound sack, per sack 45

Ice Cream Salt, per sack 70

Rock Salt, for Cattle, per 100 lbs.. 80
CAKES.

We are the leaders in our line of
goods. We are new in the retail busi-
ness, but we know how to treat our
customers, as we have been doing for

years. i Nice Mixed Cakes, per box 6i I Apple Brandy, per

Prices Subject to Market Fluctuations. Order Now.
Write for prices on anything in above line not quoted.

Ginger Snaps, per box 4

Cream Crackers, per box 6J

Soda Crackers, per box 4

LARDS.
Pure Leaf Lard, 50 lb. can, per lb. . lOJ

Compound Lard, per lb 9

HERRINGS.
We have a fish that will count

700 to the barrel, per barrel. .$4.25

Roe Herrings, per half barrel 2.75

WHISKEY.

Old Capital, per gallon $1.50

Excelsior, per gallon 2.00

Keystone, per gallon 2.50

Crown, per gallon 3.00

N. C. Corn Whiskey, per gallon. . 2.00

Gibson, per gallon 3.00

allon 2.25

The Most popular Machines in use for Peanut Picking and Grain Threshing are the

HEEBNER'S

LITTLE GIANT and

PENNSYLVANIA

Machines, and they have splendid improvements for 1903.
They are built in first-class manner, and are strong and
durable. The price is within the reach of all We guaran-
tee them to do the work satisfactory. We will mail cata-
ogue and testimonials, and quote prices on application.

RUBBER, LEATHER

A^D

6ANDY BELTING.
ECLIPSE"

ENGINES and BOILERS.
ERIE ENGINES and BOILERS.

THE CELEBRATED

CHASE" SAW MILLS

AND

" DE LOACH " MACHINERY-

^i^Fq^j^"' "^

This cut shows our 5 and 7 h. p. "Little
Samson" Vertical, Automatic Engine, for
running threshers, peanut pickers, cutting
feed, sawing wood etc.

Larger size also furnished.

STRATTON & BRAGG CO.. 20=22 N. Sycamore St., Petersburg, Va.

544

THE SOUTHEEN PLANTER.

[August

The shine av him, complately dhressed
Would smash a lookln'-glass.

And ivery day the baste would sthrut.

Inflamed wid dhrink an' pride,
And kept all Israel closely shut

In lines well fortified.

"Come out," he'd bawl, "Come out &y
there,

Beyant your dirty works;
Come, ave ye dare, and fight me fair.

Ye bloody Habrew Turks."

But ivery faithful Israelite
Said, "Lave the blaggard be.

Av coorse no dacint Jew can fight
Wid such low trash as he."

This sort av thing was well and gooc.
Till David jined the throop.

Whin he the matter understood,
Bedad, he raised a whoop.

"It is a burnin' sin and shame,"

He said, "upon me word.
To hear this haythen hound defanr

The chosen av the Lord."

"And since no other raon has felt

A wish to tan his hide,
I'll fight him for the champion's belt

And fifty pounds a side."

The corp'ril av the guard, he tould

The off'shur av the day
What David said, and he made boul-!

To mintion it at tay.

The edge-du-kong was in that mess.

And heerd the whole discourse;
So he — he couldn't do no less —

Tould Gin'ral Saul, av course.

The Chafe of Staff tould the Hig'i
Priest

To send preemptuous ordhers
For David to report in haste

At Gin'ral Saul's headquarters.

But whin the son of Jesse kirn

And Saul beheld the lad,
So young, so thinder loike and shlim,

It made him tearin' mad.

"Oh. Houly MospsI look at that,"
Said Saul, "The boy's consate;

How can it be that such a brat
Can match that heavy weight?

"Wid that blood suckin' .slant thafe
This liaby cannot strhrive;

The Philistine, it's my belafe.
Would eat him up alive."

Thin David said, "My lord, it's thrue.

Thi= =anio= a rash intint,

Uncle Sam says it's
all right

Uncle Sam, In the person of ten of his eovemment ofBcials, Is always In charge of every
department of our distillery. Durinc the entire process of distillation, after the whiskey
is stored In barrels in our warehouses, during the seven years it remains there, from the
very ^ain we buy to the whiskey you get. Uncle Sam is constantly on the watch. We dare
not take a gallon of our own whiskey from our own warehouse unless he says it's all right.
And when he does say so. that whiskey goes direct to you. with»all its original strength, rich-
ness and flavor, carrying a cr>nTED STATES REGISTERED DISTILLER'S GUARAN-
TEE of PURITY and AGE, and saving the dealers' enormous profits. That's why
HATNER WHlSKEIf is the best for medicinal purposes. That's why it is preferred for
other uses. That's why we have over a quarter of a million satisfied customers. That's
why YOU should try it YouT money back if you're not satls&ed.

Direct from our distillery to YOU

Saves Dialtrs' Profits I Prsvents Adultsratlon I ^"""

HAYNER WHISKEY

PURE SEVEN-YEAR-OLD RYE

4 FULL $0:20 EXPRESS
QUARTS O PREPAID

We win send you FOUR FULL QUART BOTTLES of HAYNER'S SEVEN-
■yEAR-OLD RYE for 13.20, and we will pay the express charges. Try it and
If you don't And it all right and as good as you ever used or can buy from
anybody else at any price, send it back at our expense, and your J3.20 will be
returned to you by next mail. Just think that offer over. How could it be
fairer; If you are not perfectly satisfied, you are not out a cent. Better let
us send you a trial order. If you don't want four quarts yourself, get a
friend to join you. We ship in a plain sealed case, no marks to show what's
Inside.

Orders for Ariz., CaL, Col., Idaho. Mont.. Nev., N.Mex.. Ore. , Utan, Wash,
or Wyo. must be on the basis or 4 Oaarts for »1.00 by Express
Prepaid or SO <taart8 for S16.00 by Freight Prepaid.

Write our nearest office and do it NOW.

THE HAYNER DISTILLING COMPANY

K.lANTAi GA. DAYTON. OHIO ST, LOUIS, MO, ST. PAUL, MINN.

15.3 DlSTEULKBT, TROT, O. ESTABUSHSD 1866

CHARTERED 1870.

MERCHANTS NATIONAL BANE

OF RICHMOND, VIRGINIA.
Capital Stock, - = - $200,000.00

Surplus and Profits, - - $628,000 00

DesigDitted Depository of the United States, City of RK'hinonil and Commonwealth

of Virginia.
Being the Largest Depository for Banks between Baltimore and New Orleans, this

Bank oftersf superior faciUties for direct and quick collections
JNO. P. BRANCH, JNO. K. BRANCH. JOHN W. GLEKN,

President. Vice-President, Cashier

1903.]

THE SOUTHERN PLANTER

545

But while I weigh but nine stun' two,
I'm full av divilmint.

"A lion and a bear kim down
The mountain's rugged sides;

I slew the bastes and went to town
And thraded off their hides.

"And since for roarin' bastes like thim
I've found I'm tough enough.

I'm quite convinced that I can thrim
This blaggard haythen rough."

'Avlck!" says Saul, "ye're full ave
pluck,
And wag your little chin
Loikc wan who ra'ly thrusts his luck
And manes to thry and win.

"I'll give ye my best coat av mail —
A new spring suit jist made —

Tuck it a thrifle in the tail.
And pad the shouldher blade."

But David didn't understand

The use av sich a thing,
And only wanted in his hand

His stalT and thrusty sling.

Whin Goliath saw little David ap-
proachin'. after bavin' heerd proclama-
tion that a gra'at champion was comin'
out to fi.s;l;t him, musha, he laughed for
to split his side.s: and by reason av
what passed bechune thim in the way
av talk, I dhrap out av po'thry for a
bit, bekase, whoile poth'ry is moighty
foine for sintimintal dailogue, it's no
good at all for a ra'al sthrong, forst-

EMPIRE DRILLS

Bkip

ACCURATELY MEASURE

ALL KINDS OF GRAIN

WITHOUT CHANGE.

That is, if you set the Empire

Feed to sow any amount from 24

to 128 quarts per acre, it will sow

exactly that amount of wheat,

oats or any other small grain

without further change, A good

^ 'stand of grain is assured, when you

'sow with a"!! Empire Drill.

Umpire Grain Drills do not bunch,

- choke. Made in all styles and sizea.

Write for Free Catalogues.

EMPIRE DIVISION

AMERICAN SEEDING MACHINE COMPANY,
2S Monroe Street, Springfield, Ohio.

A WASHING MACHINE is as great a necessity in the house as a wringer

THE MAJESTIC ROTARY WASHER

has loo many good points for explanation in an ad-
vertisement Yoi;r name on a postal card will
bring our booklet, with full particulars of our six
different machines and how to get them. One of
them will certainly please you. All are made with
electrically welded wire hoops sunk in grooves — our
patent. Being the largest manufacturers of wood*
enware in the world, we can make better machines
for the money than any one else. If you want a
machine that washes, buy one of ours.

THE RICHMOND CEDAR WORKS, Richmond, Va.

O l«HCH><H><KH>i>0<H><K><HKH>CH»<H><^ •<K«H><H>i«KKH><H><K«Hi<HKH>tKH>^^

iWAQONS and BUGGIES

MADE

RfQHT HERE

AT HOME

BY

The BARBOUR BUGGY CO., 1
The HUGHES BUGGY CO.,
The VIRGINIA WAGON CO. j

All cf Virginia.

These vehicles are guaranteed to be as good as can be bought elsewhere; material and
workmanship unsurpassed ; all sizes and styles, prices low. We can save you time,
money and freight by purchasing our vehicles. Send for our illustrated catalogues.
Drop in our warehouse and inspect our stock. Inquiries cheerfully answered.

$ AGENTS FOR DEERING MACHINES.

g RICHMOND BUGGY & WAGON CO., 1433 E. Main Street, RICHMOND, VA.

I J. T- DUNN, Manager.

546

THE SOUTHERX PLAjVTER.

[August

class, breezy blaggardin' match.

"Oh, Jases!" said Goliath, wid the
wather bilin' out av his eyes for
laughin', "what sort av thing is that?
May the divil admire me!" he says,
"iv I dtin't belave it's a monkey escaped
from an organ grinder."

"Yell foind me a moighty bad thing
to monkey wid," says David, "ye big
thafe, wid a pot on your head loike a
cupolo on a sthame fire engine, and
your dirthy black mouth loike the
hole av a coal cellar."

"Ye little skinned pole-cat," says
Goliath, beginnin' to grow mad, whin
he diskivered that David's rhethoric
was suparior to his, "do ye think I'm
a dog that ye've got a sthick to bate
me wid?"

"Bedad," says David, "I wouldn't be
afthor doin' a dacint dog such in-
.lustice; but it's dog mate I'm goin' to
make av yo."

"Hear that!" says Goliath; " 'arrah.
Now, tache your granmother to faad
ducks!"

"Dhry up!" says David, "Bad scran
to ye." he says. "Ye haven't the since
av a catfish. By the light that shines,
your bad grammar gives me a cramp
in the stummick." Och, David had a

tongue in his head loike a Jews-harp.

"Tear an' ouns!" says David. "I'll
give the buzzards a picnic wid yer
karkiss. and shure It "ull make thim
sick to ate ye."

"Yc're a liar." says Goliath.

"Ye're another," says David, "an'
an opthalmic ould Cyclops to boot."

Wid that Goliath lost his temper
inioirely. He pawed up the ground
and kiin at David wid his eyes shut,
a-bellowin' — and that brings me back
to mo poth'ry:

Goliath poised his mighty spear,

'Twas fifty feet in length,
And unto David dhrawin' near

He punched wid all his strength;

But David was surprisin' quick

And sphry upon his pins;
So, dodgin' nately, wid his shtick

He whacked Goliath's shins.

Wid pain the gaint howled and grinned.

And dlirapped both shield and lance
To rub his leg the lick had skhinned;

Thin David saw his chance.

Takin' a brick from out his scrip.
He put il in his sling.

And, whirlin' it 'round head and hip.
He let it dhrive full swing.

Right to the mark the darnick flies,

.-Vs sthraight as to a hod;
It smote the wretch betwane the eyes

And stretched him on the sod.

Thin David, for to prove him dead.

In sight av all beholders.
Chopped off his unbelavin' head

From his blasphamious sho'lders.
**********
Whin the Phenaysian sailors sought

Long since ould Erin's sthrand,
A prince of David's blood they brought

Who settled in the land;

From him the Irish race had birth,
And that's why we delight in

Beyant all other thribes on earth.
The harp's swate sthrains and
fightin".

That this surmise is in nowise thin

Can easily he shown.
For sthick and harp have ever been

As Erin's imblims known.

So let her inimies beware
How they indulge their hate;

Let England thremble lest she share
Goliath's dhreadful fate.

Latest Improved FARM IMPLEMENTS.

Sclentltic Steel Corn Harvester.
The best Harvester on earth, for standing corn

Safety seats. Safety shafts.

ROSS....

]'"o(lder Cutlers, Fodder
.Shredders, Cuttersfor all
purposes, Corn Shellers,
Grinding Mills, Horse
Powers and Wood Saws.

Evaporators.

Special prices given on Stndebaker and
Brown Wagons, fiuggles and Carts.

Studebaker Buggies, all styles, Stndebaker
Carriages, Studebaker Carts, Stnde-
baker Runabouts,

Buckeye Force Pumps. Porce-
lained Wood Pumps. Wood and
Steel Wind Mills.

Superior Grain and Fertilizer
Drills. Hoe and Disc.

HENING & NUGKOLS,

The Lyons ImproTed Fanning Mill.

Plaii

Superior Qrain Drills,
and Fertilizer Hoe aud Disc
Drills— All sizes.

TKiER Steel and Wood Self-Dump Rakes,
GRANDER Steel and Wood Hand-Dump Kakes,
all sizes.

ELI BALING PRESSES.

Successors to

CHAS. E. HUNTER,

KM [, Mi 81.,

1903.]

THE SOUTHERN PLANTER.

547

A. C. SINTON. President,

R. R. GWATHMEY, Vice-President,
Jl ^ Jl Jl Jt

J. J. SUTTON, Secretary.

ESTABLISHED 1840.

The

PEERLESS EN«IXE.

DAIN CUKN CUTTER.

STAR SWEEP MILL.

SECTIO.N' OF WIRE FENCE.

SECTION OF WIRE FENCE.

WATT PLOW CO.,

15th & Franklin and 14lh & Main Sts., Riclimond, Va.

Agricultural Implements,
Machinery, Vehicles and
Harness. ^ ^ ^ ^

INCORPORATED 1893.

WATT PLOW.

A full Stock always on hand, and
prompt shipments guaranteed. South
Bend, Dixie and Farmer's Friend
Plows and repairs. The Hancoclt Ro-
tary Disc Plow, warranted to go in
the ground where all others fail.

Hocking Valley Feed Cutters. Cy-
clone Shredders, Smalley Feed Cutters,
Dain Corn Cutters. Equal to any made.
Staver Buckeye Feed Mill and Horse
Power Combined. Star Sweep Mill.
Either grinds corn on cob or shelled.

Whitman All-Steel, full circle Hay
Presses. George Ertel Company's full
circle Hay Presses. Rapid Fire Horse
Power Hay Press, for one horse, a good,
cheap press. Will put from 150 to 200
bales a day. The well known Minnich
Brand Baling Preses.

Hocking Valley Wine and Cider
Mills. Hard wood rollers. The best
mill made.

Hocking Valley Corn Shellers, for
hand or power. Smalley Electric Pole
and Wood Saws, for steam or horse
power. Peerless Engines and Saw
Mills always in stock. Several good
second-hand Engines and other second-
hand machinery for sale. "Pittsburgh
Perfect" fencing, electrically welded
See cuts showing weld. Barb Wire.
Plain Galvanized Wire, Baling Wire
and Bale Ties. Continental Disc Har-
rows. Buffalo and Lean Spike Harrows

The celebrated Columbus. Ohio, Bug-
gies, Carriages. Runabouts, and Traps

Farm Wagons and Delivery Wagons,
a complete stock.

Correspondence solicited.

■'/ '/ ' / ' I 'I ' I M

.-I'IKE HARROW.

CARRIAGE.

GRAIN DRILL.

548

THE SOUTHERX PLANTER.

[August

1 iiSI.

The following list of papers and periodical!
are the most popular ones In this section.
We can SAVE YOU MONEY on whatever
journal you wish.

DAILIES.

Price. With
Alone. Planter.

TImea-Dlspatch. Richmond, Va J5 00 J5 00

The Popt, Washington, D. C 6 00 6 00

The Sun. Baltimore. Md s oo ;no

News-Leader, Richmond, Va 3 00 3 00

TRI-WEEKLY.

The World (thrlce-a-week), N. Y.... 1 00 1 25

WEEKLIES.

Harper's Weekly 4 00 ^^

Harper's Bazaar 1 00 i to

Montgomery Advertiser 1 00 1 60

Nashville American 50 75

The Baltimore Sun 1 00 1 3B

Breeder's Gazette 2 00 1 7B

Hoard B Dairyman 1 00 1 36

Country Gentleman '!!!!lB0 175

>ntral Presbyterian, •• " ..'^2 00 2'.=)

«eIlglous Herald, Richmond, Va....! 2 00 2 26

Tlmcs-Dlspatch, Richmond, Va 1 00 1 J.s

Christian Advocate, '• •• 1 50 1 75

"""*■=«'' :;;: 300 3 oo

SEMI-MONTHLIES.

Wool .Markets and Sheep 50 75

Dairy and Creamery '... 50 75

Commercial Poultry . en 71:

*'""- :::::;::;:;: 160 ill

MONTHLIES.

North American Review s 00 6 00

The Century Magazine 4 00 4 25

St. Nicholas Magazine 3 00 3 26

Llpplncott's Magazine 2 60 2 50

Harper's Magazine i.^OO 4 00

Forum Magazine 3 Oo 3 25

Scrlbner's Magazine 3 00 3 26

Prank Leslies Magazine 1 OO 1 35

Cosmopolitan Magazine 100 135

Everyhody's Maga/lne 100 135

Munsey .Magazine [ j 00 135

Strand Magazine 1 25 16^

McClure's Magazine I!!!!l00 136

Argosy Magazine 1 OO 135

Review of Reviews .......'. 2 60 2 75

Succeisfiil Kiirining 100 7.r,

Southern KnilKJrower 50 85

Where you desire to subscribe to two or
more of the publications named, you can ar-
rive at the net subscription price by deduct-
ing 50 cents from "our price with the
PLANTER." If you desire to subscribe to
any other publications not listed here, write
us and we will cheerfully quote clubbing or
net subscription rates.

Subscribers whose time does not expire
until later can take advanUge of our club
rates, and have their subscription advanced
one year from date of expiration of their
subscription to either the PLA.NTER or any
of the other publications mentioned.

Don't hesitate to write us for any Informa-
tion desired: we will cheerfully answer any
correspondence.

We furnlBh .N'O SAMPLE COPIES of other
perlodlcmJs

Seed House of the South.

JAPAN
BUR

CLOVER,
CLOVER,

BUCKWHEAT,
OATS and
CANE SEED.

** Whatsoever One Soweth, That Shall He Reap.

We sell strictly reliable FIELD AND GARDEN SEEDS of every
variety at Lowest Market rates, Included In which are

RAGLAND'S PEDIGREE TOBACCO SEEDS.

^ ^ ^ WE ALSO SELL

Our Own Brands of Fertilizers

For Tobacco, Corn, Wheat, Potatoes, &c.

Pure Raw-Bone Meal, Nova Scotia and Virginia Plaster and
Fertilizing Materials generally.

Parties vrishing to purchase will Hiul it to their interest to price our goods.
Samples sent by mail when desired.

1016 Main Street,
LYNCHBURG, VA.

Wm. A. Miller & Son, ^

i- »4"i-^i- i- i' .^-i-i*

4;

Headquarters for
Nursery Stock.

WHOLESALE

AND

RETAIL.

We make a specialty of handlin<: ilealer.s' orders.
ALL STOCK TRUE TO NAME.

Apples, Nectarines, Pecans,

Pears, Cherry, Chestnuts,

Peach, Quinces, Walnuts.

Plum, Almonds, Small Fruits,

Apricots,
CALIFORNIA PRIVET, lor Hedging.

. . AGENTS WANTED

Ornamental ami
Shade Trees,
Evergreens,
Roses, Etc.

WRITE FOR CATALOGUE.

FRANKLIN DAVIS NURSERY CO., Baltimore, Md.

.i'«fi"t"t"i"t"t'4**fr*i"i"i"t"t"f'i"t-t*^'t"t"f't"'fr*g"i"f"t"f"i"if'

1903.]

THE SOUTHERN PLANTER.

549

THE CLOCK STRUCK ONE.

The head of the family, with his be-
loved sweetbriar and his favorite mag-
azine, had settled back in the rocker
for a quiet, comfortable evening.

On the other side of an intervening
talile was the miniature counterpart of
himself, the wrinkling of whose 8-year-
old forehead indicated that he was
mentally wrestling with some perplex-
ing problem. After a while he looked
towards his comfort-loving parent and,
with a hopeless inflection, asked:

"Pa?"

"Yes, son."

"Can the Lord make everything.' '

"Yes, my boy."

'Every thing?"

"There is nothing, my son, that He
cannot do?"

"Papa, could He make a clock that
would strike less than one?"

"Now. Johnny, go right upstairs to
your ma, and don't stop down here to
annoy me when I'm reading."

Johnny went and wondered still
August LippincoW s .

SARAH'S GLOVES.

A family in the South had a coal-
black cook named Sarah, whose hus
band was suddenly killed in a quarry
accident. For the time being her grief
was lUayed by the preparations for
an elaborate funeral, and on the day
of this event, so dear to negroes who
desire to show their importance, she
appeared before her mistress in deep-
est black, but on her hands were a
pair of white gloves, such as soldiers
wear at dress parade and guard
mount.

"Why. Aunty," exclaimed her mis-
tress, "what made you get white
gloves?"

Sarah drew herself up indignantly
and said in the chilliest of tones,
"Don't you suppose I wants dem
niggahs to see dat I'se got on gloves?"
— August Lippincott's.

have, but we have more cream than
you do. We have enough for our
cereal every single morning."

"Poohl" said the other, "that's no-
thing. We own a Jersey cow, and we
get a whole cowful of cream twice
every day." — August Lippincott's.

A TUNNEL THAT HELPS TO DIG
ITSELF.
In the new Simplon tunnel under
the Alps, which will be by far the
greatest tunnel in the world, having a
length of fourteen miles, and which,
it is now reported, will be completed
in July, 1305, the quantity of water
flowing out of the southern end, from
the many veins encountered in the
heart of the mountain, amounts to
fifteen thousand gallons a minute, and
furnishes sufficient power to compress
the air by which the drills are worked,
and to refrigerate the tunnel. The ne-
cessity of refrigeration may be judged
from the fact that the heat in the
deeper parts of the tunnel rises as high
as one hundred and forty degrees Fahr.
when not artificially reduced. Life
would be impossible in the tunnel if a
successful system of refrigeration had
not been devised. When a continuous
hole through the mountain has been
made, the temperature can more easily
be kept down. — Youth's Companion.

FORGOT SOMETHING.

It was in a western hotel, and a girl
of sweet sixteen had left the table, at
which her parents were still seated,
and had gone the entire length of the
dining-room, when she paused in the
doorway and her fresh young voice cut
the air with the word—

"Maw!"

"Well?" replied her "maw," shrilly.

"I forgot my gum. Fetch it when
you come upstairs. It's stuck under
the table right underneath my plate.
I'll want it for the matinaj/ this after-
noon, you know." — August Lippin-
cott's.

FOR SALE.— A McCORMICK
Corn Binder and a Hawkeye
Stump Puller. All in perfect
condition. W. E. THOMAS,
Nassawadox, Va.

"Feeds and Feeding"

Prof. Henry's Great Book for
Farmers and Stockmen.

Delivered anywhere for - - |2.00
With the SOUTHERN PLANTER, .252

Mrs. Brown (nudging Mr. Brown,
who snores with his mouth open) —
William, you'd make less noise if you'd
keep your mouth shut!

Mr. Brown (only half awake) — So'd
you! — Life.

"Crop Growing
and Crop Feeding."

By Prof. W. f. MASSEY.

383 Pp. Cloth, St. 00; Paper. 50c.

We otfer this splendid work In connec-
tion with the SOUTHERN PLANTER
at the following prices:

Southern Planter and Cloth

Bound Volume, $1.2S.
Southern Planter and Paper

Bound Volume. 90c.
Old or new subscriptions.

A neat Binder for your back num-
bers can be had for 26 cents. Address
our Business Office.

jt THE >

SEABOARD

AIR LINE RAILWAY

CREAM TO BURN.

Two little girls were engaged in an
animated discussion as to the merits
of their respective homes.

"Well, anyway," said one little
maiden in a triumphant tone, "you
may have more bedrooms than we

OFFERS
PROFITABLE
INVESTMENTS
TO.
WHERE YOUR

THE MANUFACTURER,
THE STOCK RAISER,
THE DAIRYMAN,
THE FRUIT QROWER,
-. ,m^ THE TRUCKER.

LABOR IS NOT IN VAIN.

Would a country where work can be carried on the entire year and where
laige profits can be realized interest you?

The SEABOARD Air Line Railway traverses six Southern States and a
region of this character. One two cent stamp will bring handsome illustrated
literature descriptive of the section.

J. B. WHITE, EDW. W. COST, CHARLES B. RYAN,

Gen. Industrial Agt., Portsmouth, Va. Traftio Mgr. Gen. Pass. Agt., Portsmouth, Va

550

THE SOUTHERN PLANTER.

August

THE PLAN WAS SUCCESSFUL.

Th<ire are many ways of fixing a mis-
demeanor upon the person who has
committed it. It is commonly thought
that lawyers, and not clergymen, are
the men most competent tor this prac-
tice, but the following story leaves one
feeling that the honors may be equal:

"Last Sunday." said the clergyman
to his congregation, "some one put a
button in the collection basket. I won't
mention names; I will merely say that
only one individual in the congregation
could have done so, and after the ser-
vice I shall expect the same member
to replace the button with a coin."

After church a well-to-do but close-
fisted individual sought an interview
with the clergyman in the vestry.

"I er," he began, "must apologize.

sir, for the — er— button, which, I can
assure you, was quite an accident. I
happened to have the button in my
coat pocket, together with a quarter,
and took out the former by mistake.
However, sir. here is the quarter."

"Thank you." said the clergyman,
taking the quarter, and gravely hand-
ing him the button.

"By the way, sir," said the man, "I
cannot understand how you could have
known that it was I who — er— commit-
ted the — er— much-to-be-regretted mis-

"I didn't know." replied the clergy-
man.

"Didn't know! But you said, sir,
that only one individual in the congre-
gation could have done it."

"Just so. You see, sir, it is scarcely
possible that two individuals could
have put one button in the basket; is
it, not?" asked the clergyman, with a
bland smile.

It was so much easier for the button
contributor to say "good-day" than to
answer this puzzling question that he
made his bow at once. — Western Chris-
tian Advocate.

SHORTAGE IN WOOL PRODUCTION.

The following from the American
Wool and Cotton Reporter seems to
emphasize the value of opportunities
at the present time for engaging in the
wool and sheep biisiness in the South:

"There will be an appreciable short-
age * « * The decrease is caused
by the extensive winter losses on the
ranges and elsewhere, due to the se-
vere storms and by the extended
slaughtering of sheep in a number of
sections * * ■* The president of
the Montana Board of Sheep Commis-
sioners estimates the winter losses in
that State at 1,500,000 head, or about
10.000.000 pounds (of wool). Wyo-
ming's losses are placed at 1,000,000
head, or about 7.500,000 pounds (of
wool). The Utah clip may be 3.000.-
000 pounds short (indicating a loss
of about 400.000 head). From Wash-

ington and Idaho there are reports of
losses also." I

If winter storms in the West, after
decimating the flocks to the extent of
4,fiOO,000 sheep, and curtailing the wool
productions to the amount of 35.000,-
(lOO pounds, do not destroy the attrac-
tions of sheep husbandry in the colder
sections there ought to be no trouble
about making the business pay in the
South, where these serious drawbacks
do not exist.

No better demonstrations of the suc-
cess of this business throughout the
South are desired than those which are
daily being brought to public attention,
but the number of such examples
should he vastly increased.

MARK TWAIN'S MEMORY.
I remember the day I was born. It
was bitter cold. I came into the world
without clothes. I was astonished. I
spoke of it to my parents. They had
no explanation when taken so sud-
denly, except the old excuse that it
was customary. What was custom to
me at that age? All you care then is
how you look. I never felt so embar-
rassed in all my life. — Mark Ticain.

Meintion the Southern Planter when
corresponding with advertisers.

— F R SALE —

Fine young Jack, sure foal getter, and his colts are good
ones. Will be priced right to party meaning business.
Address,

WHITNEY B. DAVIE.

WHITNEY STOCK FARM.

RICHMOND. V».

— FOR SALE —

"Featherbone. a richly coated dark bay or brown colt,
foaled May 27, 1902. Sired by Whalebone, 7872, dam
Alcyrene. 2:273, trial. 2: 19 J, by Alcyone, 2:27; second dam
Bessie Oliver, by Kearsarge, the son of Volunteer and
famous Clara, dam of Dexter. 2:17J. and Dictator; third
dam Jessie, by Volunteer, and back of tha't the golden blood
of Mambrino Chief. This colt is inbred to George Wilkes,
his sire and dam being grandson and granddaughter, re-
spectively, of that world famous progenitor of race horse
quality and speed. Alcyone got McKinney, 2:11J, the great
sire of race winners that sold for $25,000 in 1902, and nearly
paid for himself that season in stud fees. This colt is
high class individually, and partakes of the beauty of form
and finish so often seen in his family. Price, $125. which
is far less than his real value. Address

W. J CARTER.

p. O. BOX 929 - RICHMOND. VA.

Pedigrees traced and tabulated. Catalogues compiled and
circulars prepared. Special attention given registration
matters pertaining to thoroughbreds and trotting horses

. . . BY . . .

w. J. CARTER (Broad Rock),

P.O. Box 929 RICHMOND, VA

Representing the ....

The Times-Dispatch, Richmond, Va.
SoLTHKHN Pi.ANTER, Richmond, Va.
Sports of the Times, New York.
Kentucky Stock Farm, Lexington, Ky.
Breeder and Sportsman, San Francisco, Cal.

WHALEBONE, 7872.

Sired by Abdallah Wilkes, son of George Wilkes, 2.22.
dam Maggie O., by .A.bdallah, 15, sire of Goldsmith Maid,
2.14; second dam Viley Filly, by Pilot, Jr., sire of dam of
Maud S., 2.083.

Note. — Whalebone is a richly colored bay horse of fine
size, handsome and well formed. His disposition is perfect.
He has sired Visitor, 2.26i, and other winners.

FEE, $15, with usual return privilege.
Address W. J. CART*^ R,

P. O. BOX 929, RICHMOND, VA.

1J>03.]

THE SOUTHERN PLANTER

551

MEASURING CORN.
Two cubic feet of sound, dry corn In
the ear will make a bushel shelled.
Then to det-rrmine the number of
bushels in the crib, multiply the length
by the breadth, and the product by the
height of the corn in the corn crib;
divide the product by two. and the re-
sult will be the number of bushels of
shelled corn in the crib. To measure
corn in the husk, fill a barrel full — the
larger the barrel the better (say one
that would hold four bushels of ap-
ples). Husk the corn and weigh it.
Allow 70 pounds of corn in the ear
when it is dry. for fe bushel of shelled
corn. Then the unhusked corn may be
measured in the barrel, keeping tally
of the barrels; multiply the number of
barrels by the amount of corn which
the first barrel contained. We know
of no accurate rule for determining the
number of cubic feet necessary to con-
tain a bushel of corn with husks on.
Of course you could determine the
number of cubic feet in the barrel, or
you could use a box of a given number
of cubic feet, fill it with unhusked corn,
husk it. and divide by 70 to get the
number of bushels of shelled corn.
You would then have a unit for deter-
mining in the crib the number of
bushels of shelled corn. This might

be quite as accurate as the other
method.

PERHAPS.
Bishop Potter is amusing his friends
with an account of a recent visit he
paid to a Sunday school class in New
York, presided over by a staid young
clergyman. The Bishop was asked to
question the children, so that he might
be edified by their knowledge of mat-
ters Biblical. As a starter, he said to
a little girl whose face beamed with in-
telligence: "Who were the foolish vir-
gins, my dear?" "Them as didn't get
married!" was the prompt and em-
phatic answer.

Education's a good deal like eating —
a fellow can't always tell which par-
ticular thing did him good, but he can
usually tell which one did him harm.
After a square meal of roast beef and
vegetables, and mince pie and water-
melons, you can't say just which in-
gredient is going into muscle, but you
don't have to be very bright to figure
out which one started the demand for
pain-killer in your insides, or to guess
next morning which one made you be-
lieve in a personal devil the night be-
fore. And so, while a fellow can i
figure out to an ounce whether it's
Latin or algebra or history or what

among the solids that is building him
up in this place or that, he can go right
along feeding them in and betting that
they're not the things that turn his
tongue fuzzy. It's down among the
sweets, among his amusements and
recreations, that he's going to find his
stomach ache, and it's there that he
wants to go slow and to pick and
choose.

A solid ton of ice contains about 36
cubic feet. Multiply together the
length, breadth and height of your ice
house in feet (allowing for space occu-
pied by sawdust), and divide the pro-
duct by 36, and the result will be the
number of tons capacity. Allowance
for ice in bull; would be very variable,
depending on the accuracy with which
it is cut and piled. If it could be
weighed beforehand in loads, like hay,
a more exact result would be reached,
but with some trouble. A leading ice
company estimates a cubic foot of ice
to weigh 56 pounds, providing it is all
water ice. After the house is filled
they measure up, and allow 45 cubic
feet to the ton. Their ice is cut 22 by
32 inches, and a space of four inches is
left on the long way. Shrinkage in the
course of the season average 50 per
cent. In a small house it might be 60
per cent.

Established by
GEO. WATT, 1840

MANUF'tC-rURER AND DEALER

THE CALL-WATT CO., r.:rM^''„,jr

Implements, Machinery and Vehicles.

THE GEM BALING PRESS.
BUILT ALMOST ENTIRELY
. OF STEEL.

THE SIMPLEST, STRONG-
EST, LIGHTEST AND MOST
RAPID BALER MADE.

Has a record of baling 10 to 18 tons
per day.

THE DBERE AND PITTS DISC HAR-
ROWS, STEEL SHANKS, DUST
PROOF BEARING BOXES, FLEX-
IBLE GANGS, allowing inner ends
to rise and fall independently.

ALL STEEL LEVER HARROWS.
Made up of sections of 25 teeth each,
with Disc or Hoes. For Grain, Corn,

Peas and Fertilizers, accurate work

GRAIN AND FERTILIZER DRILLS,

may be depended on.
THE GARDNER PEA HULLER.
THE IMPERIAL ONE-HORSE WAGONS.

anteed.
THE MOLINE WAGON. Light Running and Durable. Guaranteed

Handsomely finished, and have features not found in any other.
PLOWS AND PLOW REPAIRS of all kinds.
FIELD ROLLERS. FEED AND ENSILAGE CUTTERS, CORN SHELLERS, ENGINES, SAW MILLS, CORN AND

COB MILLS.
We solicit inquires for anything desired.

13 So. Fifteenth Street,
Between Main and Cary

Does not Weak peas and will not choke. Guaranteed to give satisfaction.

Steel Axle and Thimble Skein. Built of best material and fully guar-

be made of first class air dried timber.

RICHMOND, VA. THE CALL=WATT CO.

552 THE SOUTHERN PLANTER. [August

I A LIBERAL OFFER. |

4* *"

3 Months Trial Subscription

-TO THE 'v

Southern Planter

4-

'f
_ *i^

r f

t. i

t FOR 10 CENTS OR 3 FOR 25 CENTS. t

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± ands who are not now readers. t

T T

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Send in at once. *^

«**

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t

The Southern Planter.

DEVOTED TO

PRACTICAL AND PROGRESSIVE AGRICULTURE, HORTICULTURE,
TRUCKING, LIVE STOCK AND THE FIRESIDE.

Agriculture Is the nursing mother of the Art8.-=XENOPHON.
Tillage and pasturage are the two breasts of the 3tate.°-SULLY.

64th Year.

Richmond, September, 1903.

No. 9.

Farm Management.

WORK FOR THE MONTH.

The month of August up to this time (20th) has
been tlirouglioiit tlie South below the noi-mal in tem-
perature, and showery. This continuance of abuor-
mally^eop] weather has prevented the crops making
that headway which they so much needed to bring
them to a normal condition, and, as a consequence,
they are all late, and much depends on the weatlier
during this month as to whether large areas will fully
mature before frost. This condition applies to the
whole country, and affects other sections more seriously
than the South. Here, whilst the whole growing sea-
sou has l>een cool, it has not been too cool for crops
to grow, though not with their accustomed vigor
Grass and pasture lands have done the best, and their
condition is in marked contrast with what is usual nt
this season. There is abimdant feed for all stock,
and thev should go into winter in fine condition.

As predicted in our notes last month, the winter
wheat harvest is turning out distinctly imfavorably.
The jverage yield per acre is now placed by the Gov-
ernm(?nt returns at 12 bushels per acre, as against 13
last rear, with a total crop of 4-10,000,000 bushels.
The prospect of the spring wheat crop is also disap-
poinjing, the condition being on August 1st, 77, as
agaiist 89 on August 1, 1902, and a ten year average
of SL The total wheat crop of the coimtry will un-
doubedly be much below that of last year, and as
prosjects in Europe are not much better than our
own. [the indications are that wheat will be in demand
at b^ter prices than now prevail, though these are

now on the average alxmt 10 cents a bushel higher
than a vear ago.

The average condition of the corn crop on August
1st was 78, as against 86 on Aiigrist 1, 1002, and a
ten years' average of 84. The only section of the
country where there is promise of something near an
a\-erage yield of this crop is the South. Here our
highland crops are distinctly promising — in fact,
much above the average. Lowland crops, however,
are disappointing. The laud has been too wet ever
since spring, and the stands are uneven and the crops
badly worked. Tt is comforting, however, to know
that the average condition and prospect is better than
elsewhere. Should we have a late fall much even of
the late jilanted crop bids fair to make a good yield.

The oat croj) of the country is a disappointing one,
and will be much lielow that of a vear ago.

Tobacco has made better progress than the cool
weather would have led one to expect, and bids fair
to make a m\ich better yield than at one time seemed
possible. The quality, however, does not appear
lilcely to be of the highest. The bright cro)) is now
being cut and cured in ISTorth Carolina and the south-
ern parts of this State, and the dark crop onh' needs
warm weather to make it mature and ripen.

Cotton is still very late, the weather never having
been such as to permit of it making up for the time
lost in the spring. It will altogether depend npon
the lateness of the fall as to what the outcome of the

554

THE SOUTHERX PLANTER.

[September

crop will be. Picking has conimeiiced in the Gulf
States, and somewhat further north, but is nowhere,
except in the extreme South, general. There is com-
plaint from many places of injury to the crop by cold,
rain and weevil.

The peanut crop does not promise to be an average
one, as the continued wetness of the land has pre-
vented weeds and grass from being kept down in
manv sections, and these are smothering the plants.

The apple crop of Virginia still continues de-
cidedly promising, and is likely to be one of the
largest ever harvested in the State. In other States
the condition is not so high as here, though the aver-
age for the whole country is a fair one. There ap-
pears likely to be a large crop for shipment, but the
demand is likely to be great, as the fruit crop in
England is practically a failure, and on the Continent
(European") the crop is not large.

in the top soil and there freezing and then blowing
out the soil when the thaw comes. Let the seed be
well covered. They are better drilled three or four
inches deep than sown broadcast, but if sown
should be well harrowed or ciiltivated in. As
the oat is a cold climate crop seed from a
locality further north is likely to give a better
vield than from the immediate locality or from south-
ern Doints. Whilst the average yield of the crop here
is onlv about twenty bushels to the acre, there is no
reason whatever why three times that yield should
not be made. We know many who are doing this.
If intended only to be used for a hay crop, which is
lar£jely the purpose for which oats are grown in the
South, it will pay to make the crop a heavier one, as
the feed produced is so valuable as fodder. We were
s]ioak!iig with a subscriber a few weeks ago on the
subject of feeds for milk production, and he said
that his experience was that he got better results from
feeding sheaf oats than from even cow pea hay.

The preparation of the land for and the seeding of
winter oats should receive immediate attention. As
the result of many experiments made in different sec-
tions of the South, it has been fully demonstrated that
if winter oats are to do their best they should be
seeded in September, and preferably in the first half
of the month. We would again emphasize what we
said in our last month's issue as to the preparation
of the seed bed. The deeper and better worked the
seed bed, the greater the probability of a good yield.
Ifore depends on this than on the fertilizer used or
the quantity applied. If the land is well prepared,
oats will find and utilize the plant food in it. They
have a capacity tx3 seize and appropriate plant food
in a tougher and more unavailable condition than any
of the other cereals. This arises from tlieir pro-
ducing an acid in their growth which has a powerful
solvent effect on the plant food of the soil. Because
of this fact, however, they should not, as is loo often
the case, be expected to produce a profitable yield on
the poorest land on the farm. They will do better
there than any other cereal, but they will do still
better on better land, and will pay to have some fer-
tilizer or farm-yard manure given them. Nothing
helps the crop more and protects it better from winter
killing than a top dressing of farm-yard manure, even
though this should be only light. Where the land is
pool-; 300 pounds of acid phosphate per acre should be
a))plied before seeding. The deeper the soil is broken,
so that the winter rains can soak into it, and the
greater the chance of avoiding winter killing from
frost. This is mainly caused by the water being held

Let the work of preparing the land for the wheat
crop have attention. The sooner it is plowed and the
work of cultivation begins the better will be the
chance for a good yield of grain. The average yield
of the ^\■heat crop in the South is not what it ought to
be by a long way. The yield this year in this State
and North and South Carolina is estimated at only
about five bushels to the acre, whilst the average over
a series of years is short of twelve bushels. Such
yields as these cannot be grown profitably, and that
they are not what ought to be made and can be made
is certainly true. We know farmers who make, over
a series of years, an average of 25 bushels to the acre,
and many who make in a good year 35 or 40 bushels
to the acre. The secret of these yields is not so much
extra fertilizing or naturally very fertile land, but
good and perfect preparation of the soil before seed-
ing and seeding as early as is safe to avoid the fly.
It should alv.'ays be remembered that the wheal crop
must be cultivated before it is seeded. In this re-
spect it differs from the corn and other hoed crops.
The most that can be done to help it forward after it
has started to grow is to give it a harrowing in the
spring, and even this is too often neglected. Hence
the great importance of thoroughly plowing and vork-
ing the land before seeding. A wheat seed bed siould
be firm in the subsurface, but still open enough to
permit of the absorption of rain water and of the
rising of the subsoil water, and with the surf ace three
inches, fine and loose. Frequent use of the hirrow
and roller or plank drag will secure these condtions
after the soil is once thoroughly and deeply pLwed.

1903.]

THE SOUTHERN PLANTER.

555

This will also ensure that the weed seeds in the soil
shall have been destroyed by germinating and killing.
Weeds and wheat never succeed well together. Let
wheat alone occupy the land, it will easily utilize all
the plant food and moisture without any help from
a weed crop. A dressing of lime of from 25 to 50
bushels to the acre applied after the land is plowed
and worked in during cultivation will be found a
great help in producing the crop by rendering avail-
able the inert plant food, and especially the potash
in the soil. Whilst wheat calls for all the elements
of plant food in order to make successful growth, yet
experiment have demonstrated that phosphoric acid
is the controlling element, and it is therefore required
in an available condition, and in abundance. A crop
of 30 bushels to the acre, with the average weight of
straw, calls for about 50 povmds of nitrogen, 25
pounds of phosphoric acid, and 25 pounds of potash.
As crops rarely are able to utilize more than from 50
to 75 per cent, of the available plant food applied in
a fertilizer, it will be seen how necessary it is if the
best results are to be looked for to supply plant food
liberally, unless the soil is already rich. Where a
pea fallow or clover sod is turned do-wm, these will
supply nearly all the nitrogen needed, but the other
elements must be supplied or be made available, if in
the land, by the use of lime. Tn all heavy clay or
loam lands in the South potash is generally in abun-
dance for the needs of the wheat crop, but needs to be
made available by lime. Phosphoric acid, however,
must be supplied, and this can best be done by a mix-
ture of acid phosphate and raw bone meal, say 200
pounds of acid phosphate and 150 pounds of raw
bone meal to the acre. Wliere a pea fallow or clover
sod is not turned down, then nitrogen should be sup-
plied, and this can be best be done by supplementing
that contained in the raw bone, with a top dressing of
nitrate of soda in the spring after the crop has com-
menced to grow freely. Experiments have demon-
strated that wheat accumulates most of the plant food
needed for its suceessfiil growth during its early
gi'owth, and then Titilizes this accumulated store dur-
ing its later growth to perfect the ears and grain.
This fact emphasizes the importance of having the
seed bed in su.ch a -fine condition that the roots can lay
bold of the plant food quickly when they first start to
grow. If a pea fallow or clover sod is turned down
this should be done very early, or the seed bed can
never be got firm enough in the subsurface to ensure
the best results. Wherever the pea crop is a heavy
one, we would advise cutting it for hay, leaving a long
stubble rather than turning it all under as a prepara-
tion for wheat. Tn experiments made at the Arkan-

=as Station, where cow peas, soy beans and beggar-
weed were sown on light land, the yield of the fol-
lowing wheat crop was increased 56 per cent. The
plowing down of the stubble of these crops gave better
results than when the whole crop was plowed down
immediately before sowing the wheat. Wheat grown
continuously on the same land for three years, and
each ci'op preceded by a crop of cow peas, gave an in-
creased yield of 4<3 per cent., as compared with break-
ing the wheat stubble and not sowing cow peas.
Wheat sown on a cow pea stubble and fertilized with
400 pounds of a complete fertilizer, gave an increased
yield of 64 and 78 per cent, second year over soil
treated in the usual way. The seeding of the crop
should not commence until after there has been frost
to obviate damage from fly. Meanwhile, put in all
the time that can be spared from other work in mak-
ing a good seed bed. As to the variety to be sowm.
This is usually best settled by selecting a variety that
has become acclimated to the section, and given good
results there. Of course, it is desirable to test new
varieties of which good reports come from near by
States and sections, but this should be done in a small
and experimental way until it is seen what variety so
tested is likely to be satisfactory. The result of te.st-
'ings at numerous stations go to show that there is
practically no difference in the yield of bearded or
smooth wheats. In some sections one does best; in
others, the other. What is of more importance than
the variety is that the seed sown shall be plump, heavy
grain, and free from blighted, shrivelled or small
grains, and from all weed seeds. It will almost in-
variably pay to reclean all seed grain. Soaking the
seed in a solution of formalin, 1 pound to 25 gallons
of water, will destroy all smut germs in either wheat
or oats. Soak for twenty minutes, then dry before
sowing. From one to one and one-half bushels of
seed per acre is usually sufficient. This depends
lareelv on the fertilitv of the land.

All grass seeding not already done should receive
attention and be completed as early this month as pos-
sible. In our last issue and in this will be found
articles dealing with the subject to which we refer our
readers.

Continue the work of seeding crimson clover and
hairy vetch, as advised in our August issue. The
more land that can be put into these crops the greater
the area that will be improved for other crops next
year. Seed always with a mixture of wheat, oats or
rye, and more or less pasture will be secured in winter
and spring, besides the improvement of the land.

556

THE SOUTHEUX PLAXTKR.

[September

An abundance of these crops to graze or cut in the
spring will help materially in reducing the cost of
carrying stock at a tinle•^vhen dry feed often becomes
scarce.

Rape may yet he seeded for fall and spring feed-
ing. Sow 3 or 4 ])ounds of seed per acre broadcast,
or 2 to 3 pounds iii drills two feet apart. This makes
an excellent pasture for hogs, sheep and young cattle.
Tt should be allowed to grow up a foot high before
turning stock on to it, and not be grazed too closely,
and will then start out again and make good grazing
in the sjiring.

Turnips may still be sowed, though it is getting
too late for them now to make a heayy croj). They
will, howpyer, make some feed, and will coyer the
land. Tn our August issue will be found full instruc-
tion on this crop.

The work of haryesting and saying the yarious
forage crops should receiye attention as they mature.
Do not allow them to stand too long and mature their
seed. They make the best feed when cut in bloom <>r
when the seed is just forming. Cow peas should be
cut when the first pods are filled and turning yellow.
Of cour.se, if seed is the object, and not long feed,
then they must stand until it is sufficiently matured
to cure without shriyelling. Tn our August issue we
wrote fully on this subject.

The work of filling the silo should be attended to.
.\s soon as the ears arc well filled and passing out of
the milk state the crop should be cut and packed
away. Cut into ^-inch lengths, or, better still, shred
the stalks and much waste will be sayed. When fill-
ing do not be in too great a hurry. Cut during the
morning and fill into the silo in the afternoon, or cut
one day and fill the next. This allows the silage to
compact hotter and get up the necessary heat to ensure
good, sweet silage. The silo will also hold more filled
in this way than when the work is rushed all the
time.

When the teams are not otherwise engaged keep
them at work plowing land intended to be cropped
next year. This is the time of the year when land
may be ploughed deej) and some of the subsoil be
brought to the surface. This will be weathered dur-
ing the winter months, and its plant food brought
into an ayailable condition for sujiporting and feed-
ing crops.

Haye all stables, sheds and jiens cleaned out, and
•live all buildings a good cleaning inside and out, and
use lime wash freely inside and out, thus get rid of all
yermin and foul smells. Lime wash is a powerful
cleanser and purifier, and it is so cheap that every one
can afford to use it freely. In this issue we publish
acain the rccei])t for making Government whitewash,
which is almost as durable as paint, and will preserve
the buildings to which it is apjilied. If we could
only ])ersuade Southern farmers to apply some paint
to their houses and whitewash to their buildings they
would add thousands of dollars to the value of their
places in the eyes of purchasers, besides saving them
from rot and decay. Before ])ainting or -whitewash-
ing make necessary repairs. A few dollars spent in
lumber and nails and a few hours labor will save hun-
di-eds of dollar-:, and add to the comfort of man and
beast. IMake home attractive and the children will
not want to leave it.

FARM-YARD MANURE,

^lost farmers think that unless they are able to
])ut a heavy dressing of farm-yard manure on to
land that it is of little use, and because they are not
able to do this on a large part of the farm, that the
quantity of farm-yard manure made on the ordinary
farm is ])ractically of little help in maintaining the
fertility of the farm. This, as we have several times
jiointed out, is an entirely erroneous view. The
value of farm-yard manure as a promoter of fer-
tility does not lie wholly in the amount of nitrogen,
phosphoric acid and potash Avhich is contained in
it, nor even in the humus-making material that is
]iresent in the form of vegetable matter. Whilst these
are each and all of them valuable factors in the
manure, there is one other factor which probably i^
equally as valuable as the whole of the others com-
bined, and which is usually entirely oA-erlooked.
This factor is the power possessed by even a small
quantity of farm-yard manure to introduce into the
land to \vhich it is applied the microbes which set
uj) the fermentative action of the soil and give ti'
it the character of a live soil as distinguished from
one in which this action is absent and which is
practically dead and unresponsive to c\iltivation or
the application of plant food in the form of mineral
fertilizers. Every one who has been observant will
have noticed that a piece of land to which even only
a very slight coating of farm-yard manure has been
applied will show the effect for a number of years
nnicli longer than would a similar piece of land to

1903.]

THE SOUTHERN PLANTER.

557

which a iimeh larger application of plant food in
the form of commercial fertilizer had been applied.
This is the resnlt of the microbic action in the soil.
induced by the farm-yard mannre, and not of the
plant food in the mannre. These microbes dissolve
and make available the inert plant food in the soil
and this the vegetation on the land appropriates and
tlms grows with greater luxuriance. Tf you have
only manure suflieient to give a light coating use
it. It will often give a greater proportionate imme-
diate return in the crop than will a heavy dressing.
Of course, the time during which this return will
continue will be less than would be that given by a
heavier dressing, but the improvement in the lam!
will be started earlier than if it waited for the
heavier aplication. and this is what we most need
in the South. To start the ball to rolling is often
the most difficult part of the problem of improve-
ment. Save and utilize every bit of manure. It is
the true foundation of agricultural advancement to
be supplemented with the mineral fertilizers, phos-
phoric acid and potash wherever possible. Keep a
bag of acid phosphate in the barn and whenever you
clean out the stables spread a light coating of this
on the manure heap. It will prevent over-heatina- of
the pile and consequent loss of nitrogen, and will
add to the value of the manure by supplying the
deficiency of phosphoric acid, characteristic of farm;
yard manure. Kamit may be used in like manner
to supply the deficiency in potash and preserve the
manure from loss.

GRASS SEEDING.

In our last issue we wrote somewhat fully on this
subject, emphasizing the importance of seeding grass
alone if the best results were to be looked for. ^Ye
have received the following letter from a subscribe)'
commenting on this article and our advice :
Editor S'oiifhrrn Planter:

As you truly say in your Augiist Plaxter. you
urge in season and out of season, the sowing of grass,
and, furthermore, the sowing of grass without small
grain. Of grass, there cannot be too much on a
farm. As to the manner of getting it, permit me to
give you our experience in following your advice:

We have ffdlowed it twice. This year we took the
best land on the farm, prepared it very carefully,
and sowed it heavily with a mixture of grasses. The
weeds came up in such abundance that we have had
to cut them down and the grass is quite spindling.
On adjoining land, not quite so good, prepared in
exactly the same manner, but sowed to spring oats

and grass, the grass is now considerably better than
wliere the grass was sown alone ; besides which, we
have cut a fair lot of oats off the land — the weeds
bothered us practically not at all.

As I have said, this is our second experience. It
seems to me that one fatal objection to sowing grass
alone — for the average farmer — is that it makes one
extra ploughing. With the regular rotation — which,
after trying all the book methods, we have come back
to as far the best — one ploughing does for corn, oats
or wlicat and two crops of grass. On paper it is a
mighty simple thing to ploiigh the ground one extra
time, but in economical farming it is a very diiTerent
matter.

All the best farmers in Albemarle that I know put
their grass in with small grain. I hare tried the
Pi.AXTKE method, but T shall not try it again.

Kexxetu Beown.

August 4, 100.3.

This seems to call upon us to vindicate the posi-
tion we take on this subject of grass seeding, which
is one of the most vitally important for all farmers
in the South. . On our progress as a grass-growing
section of the country mainly depends our future
prosperity. We entirely concur in the following
statement, made recently by a well-known writer and
practical farmer:

"A study of the needs of soils in respect to fer-
tility shows that heavy sods rotting in the gi-ound are
the factor most to be desired. In various ways they
secure to the land the power to produce well when
cropped. No one matter in American agriculture
is of greater importance than improvement in the
groAvth of grass and clover sods, and if the needed
gain in this direction were secui'ed our agricultural
prosperity would not only be far greater, but it
would be on a safer basis. Much land is drawing
chieily upon its stock of available fertility that has
been accumulated for centiiries. and much other land
has already passed the point of profitable cropping.
The ability to provide for itself a heavy sod is the
true measure of value for the major part of our farm-
ing area. Consideration of the best methods of get-
ting such growth is the most important matter before
the farming public, because it vitally affects more
people and more land than any other matter. Many
who are really the most concerned do not realize the
truth, the evidence being found in the carelessness
shown in new seedings and in their absence, and in
the increasing inability of much land to produce
surely and well because the humxis is exhausted."

At the outset let us say that our advice to som'
grass alone is based largely on our own personal
experience in the matter. We have fully tested many
times all the different wavs of seeding grass, and un-

558

THE SOUTHERX PLANTER.

[September

hesitatingly say that the finest stands we have ever
made and the best crops we ever grew were from
grass seeded alone. We are, however, not singular in
this respect, for we have the support of many of the
leading experimenters of this and other countries as
to this method of seeding. At the Wisconsin Experi-
ment Station and also at the Xew .Terse}' Station tho
results reached were conclusively in favor of seed-
ing grass alone. Probably, however, the most con-
clusive testimony we can give in our support will
be that of Mr. Clark, of Higganum, Conn., the most
successful grass and hay producer in this, and proba-
bly any other, country. For many years he has car-
ried on a series of experiments to demonstrate the
possibility of producing heavy yields of hay on a
piece of naturally poor, rocky land. We have at
various times published reports of the results
reached. In our issue for September, 1902. we pub-
lished his report on the crop of that year. He therein
stated that the total yield from ]4f acres was 128,874
pounds of well cured hay. The exact cost per ton
of the dry hay. including fertilizer ($208 worth
applied), ctitting, curing and putting in the barn
was $4.95. The total yield of 7 acres of new seeded
ground was 49,677 pounds, or an average of 7,778
pounds per acre, which is 212 pounds less than foTir
tons to the acre nine months from the day of seeding,
and that, under very unfavorable circumstances. This,
he adds, is conclusive evidence to me that if we want
to grow grass we had better R0^^■ grass seed, and if
wheat, rye or other grain, or, in fact, any other
crop, we had better sow them by themselves to
achieve success, for it is certain that a proper grass
stand cannot he obtained with any other crop. My
grass crop this year confirms more fulh', if possible,
three things: First, that grass should always he
sown by itself. Second, that timothy and red top
in equal parts are correct proportions; and, third,
that intense cultivation is absolutely necessary for
success. We have just received Mr. Clark's report
on his first hay crop for this year. In this he says:
"Last year the first crop was 64 tons, 874 pounds of
dry hay. This year the first crop, 55 tons, 729
pounds — nine tons less than last year, mainly due
to three causes. First, lack of intense cultivation
before seeding of six acres in September, 1901, on
account of cloud-burst, which washed almost all the
cultivated soil ofi" the field ten days before seeding.
Second, a two-months' drought in spring. Third,
the fertilizer was spread six weeks without rain.
These three cut the product do\vn so that the average
yield was but 7,840 pounds, a little less than four

tons per acre. The seven-eighth acre seeded now
fourteen years, cutting twenty-six first and second
crops before this year, a total production of twenty-
«even crops; one seeding fourteen years. 111 tons,
with the second crop now growing. Last year the
two crops were eight and a half tons. This year they
will exceed nine tons. The average per acre this
year on this field, first crop, is 7 tons, 176 poimds,
and on the five-eighths acre adjoining field, 7 tons,
80 pounds. Many suppose that six tons of hay or
more to the acre means tall, coarse grass, but it is
exactly the reverse. It means a dense growth of fine
grass, 500 to 600 spears to the square foot, 40 to
45 inches in height, and will make six to seven tons
to the acre. Every six inches in height of my grass
containing 500 to 600 spears to the square foot will
produce a ton of dry hay to the acre, and it will be as
fine as silk. Intense cultivation and care are the only
things that will make big crops of hay." We think
we have now said enough to justify the position we
have taken as to seeding grass alone. We will, how-
ever, add the testimony of a neighbor of our cores-
pondent just received. "I seeded six acres last fall
in mixed grasses unthoitt any grain crop, using about
500 pounds per acre of a mixture of eqiial parts of
raw bone meal, 16 per cent. South Carolina bone
(acid phosphate) and German Kainit. I averaged
fully two and a half tons of hay per acre, cutting
this about July 5th and 6th— certainly worth twice
as much as any grain crop." This letter would seem
to show that not all the good farmers in Albemarle
sow grass seed with a grain crop, and when more of
them realize what is possible when seeded alone still
fewer will be found to follow the old practice.
The mistake our correspondent made was in not
following our advice fully. He seeded not alone,
but with a weed crop, and we have repeatedly stated
that grass, least of any crop, can successfully com-
pete with the weeds. Weeds are an indigenous
growth, and exemplify the law of the survival of the
fittest iinder natural conditions. It is useless to ex-
pect an introduced crop to compete successfully with
them, especially when the introduced crop is one of
so small and tender a growth as grass seeds when
first starting. The weeds must be eradicated before
seeding grass or they will sooner or later eradicate
the gi-ass. And now one word in reply to the last
paragraph but one in the letter: "It seems to me
that one fatal objection to sowing grass alone for the
average farmer is that it makes one extra ploughing.
With the regular rotation — which, after trying all
the book methods, we have come back to as far the

1903.]

THE SOUTHERN PLANTER.

559

best — one ploughing does for com, oats or wheat and
two crops of grass. On paper it is a mighty simple
thing to plongh the ground one extra time, but in
economical farming it is a very different matter."
One of the great causes of the lack of productiveness
on southern farms is that farmers will not plough
and cultivate the land sufficiently. In England no
farmer expects to produce a ' paying crop without
ploughing always once, and more frequently twice,
before seeding, in addition to working the soil re-
peatedly with the harrow and c\iltivator. We have
frequently ploughed the land three times before get-
ting such a seed-bed as we desired. Experiments
made in this country have demonstrated that the' same
good results are here obtained by repeated ploughing
and cultivation before seeding. It is the falsest
economy to save on the cost of ploughing and culti-
vating. The comment of the wise man of old on
charity is most appropriate to this work: "There
is that scattereth and yet increaseth, and there is that
withholdeth more than is meet, and it tendeth to
poverty." The cost of ploughing an acre of land is
so small that even the production of an extra
bushel of wheat to the acre will almost pay for it,
and we have known such an extra ploughing, with
the necessary working to follow, to increase the crop
ten bushels to the acre. Mr. Clark, in fitting his
land to produce the great yields of hay we have
mentioned, says that he moves every particle of the
soil to the depth of six or eight inches at least thirty
times, in this way reducing the whole body of the
soil to the finest tilth and making every particle
of the soil permeable by the finest roots and every
bit of the plant food existing therein available for
tlie support of the crop. To endeavor to raise four
crops by one ploughing is "saving at the spigot and
spending at the bung" with a vengeance. Until there
is a disposition to plough four times for one crop,
rather than once for four croj^s, we shall never see
southern lands produce the crops they are capable
of doing and farmers as prosperous as they ought
to be.

TURNIP RAISING.

Editor Southern Planter:

When practical, a clover or cow pea sod should
precede turnips. Said crops, when seeded, should
be liberally fertilized with potash and phosphoric
acid, thus insuring a rank growth. At matiir'
entire crop should be turned down and so remain
until it decomposes. Turnim; the roots and stubble
of the clover or cow peas, a;< the case may be, will

not be sufficient to supply the nitrogen called for by
turnips and to improve the land. They contain only
about one-fifth of the nutrient properties of the
plants, and consequently, where the improvement of
tlie soil is the object sought, they fall short of the
mark.

The preparation of the soil should be commenced
a year or more in advance. The work would not
then be crowded; everything Avould come in at the
proper time. The clover or cow peas could be turned
down after the first frost and so remain until early
spring. The ground could then be planted to onions
or potatoes ; either crop woiild come oft' in ample time
for tiirnips to follow.

(Wheat, oats, rye or vetches should be sown to
prevent loss of nitrogen by leaching during winter —
En.)

The New Jersey Experiment Station claims that
an acre of crimson clover will contain $30 worth of
nitrogen. This nitrogen is drawn from the air, be-
ing virtually grown, and is, therefore, a clear gain.
If we place the value of the nitrogen, that can be
practically drawn from the air by an acre of clover
or cow peas, at only $15, this quantity will prove
more than ample for the two succeeding crops with-
out any direct application whatever. An ordinary
application of potash and phosphoric acid may well
precede the seeding of the turnips.

If potatoes follow the legume crop they should be
d\ig soon after maturity and the tops permitted to
cure about a week. Then often deep furrows a suit-
able distance apart for the drills, say, three feet,
place the potato tops therein and ridge thereon.
Then level the ridges and drill the turnip seed in the
usual way.

I have often urged farmers to try at least their
truck patches on the above plan. Erom two to three
times the usual yield could easily be grown and the
soil would also grow richer and richer.

But as a year or more is necessary for the above
preparation, only a few farmers, comparatively
speaking, are in shape to test the plan at the ap-
proaching seeding. I will, therefore, give direc-
tions, based on the old plan, that will make a further
draw on the soil for humus (decayed vegetable mat-
ter), which is already generally deficient in this
necessary element.

The soil should be well prejiared. Then lay off
in rows about three feet apart. Apply in the rows
from 400 to 600 pounds per acre of a fertilizer con-
taining 2 per cent, nitrogen, 5 per cent, actual pot-
ash aiid 7 per cent, available phosphoric acid.

560

THE SOUTHEKX PLANTER.

September

The following materials may bo mixed and used :
Fifty to seventy-five pounds nitrate of soda, 40 to 60
jwunds muriate of potash and 32ri to 485 potinds
acid phosphate. From 160 to 240 pounds of kainit
may l)e used in lien of the muriate of potash. The
fertilizer should be well mixed with the soil, ]ire-
ferably a few weeks before seeditig, but if there be
not n sufficiency of time, a few days will answer.
With the plow throw low ridges on the rows, llatten
the ridges with a light harrow or roller, and sow the
turnip seed with a drill and cover by rolling with a
light roller.

The flat-rooted purple toj) varieties make the
quickest growth, but the glolw varieties root deeper,
and where they are to remain in the ground all win-
ter, are generally preferred. liut for winter pur-
jioses it is usually best to properly store all varieties.

Rutabagas are more nutritious and are conse-
quently better for stock pur])oses. If a rain fall
soon after seeding, a rake should be jiassed length-
wise the drills.

Soon after the plants ajipear cultivation should be
commenced and repeated several times at short intx^r-
vals. AATien tlie plants attain tliree leaves thin to
single plants, six to eight inches apart.

Moore county, X. V. Bnv.vx Tysox.

THE CHEAT OR CHESS PROBLEM.

The communications we have published on this
subject have evidently aroused much interest, as we
are in receipt of letters almost by every mail giving
experience on the matter and theories accounting for
the same. We select the following from the latest
of these, and with this must close the discussion.
Professor Massey, in his communication, so fully
disposes of the absurdity of the supposed change as
to leave in our opinion nothing further usefully to be
said. — Ed.

Editor Southern Planter:

T have seen the discussions in the last two num-
bers of the Planter in regard to oats and wheat
turning to cheat. I will give you my experience and
observations. T have always believed that the change
took place and will tell you of my experience with
winter oats. A farmer in this county raised a crop
of forty bushels to the acre and they weighed fifty
pounds to the measured bushel. My brother and I
thought we would try them. I went to his place,
aliout twenty miles from here, got fifteen bushels and
we sowed them. They came up and looked fine until
in February there came a cold snap and all the top

growth turned yellow and died. Then there came a
second growth from the same stools and we had a
finer prospect than the first, for they seemed to have
spread all over the ground: but when headed out I
do not think my brother had five heads of oats in
ten bnshel« of seeding. There were a few more in
mine. We had them threshed and ground for feed.
They weighed twenty-five pounds to the bushel.
There \v&% no cheat in the oats nor in the land be-
fore we sowed, nor has there been since. AVhen that
freeze came it killed the crown, but did not kill the
roots, so they sent up a degenerated set of stalks,
and, of course, the grain was the same as the stalks.
When wheat is grazed by fowls the seed is mostly
cheat. ^ly opinion is, that the growth of wheat be-
ing tender it is killed and the roots send up another
growth that is tougher and can stand more than the
first. George W. Johxsox.

Prince William county, Ta.

Editor Southern Plaisf.er:

T am not seeking any controversy on the chess
([uestion, but wish merely to give facts in ray own
experience, to show how easily one may fool himself.

In July, 1!102, T ploughed three acres of wheat
stubble and had it seeded to winter oats and clover
September 1.5th, intending to use as pasture the fol-
lowing year. In 1003 the clover made such a fine
gi'owth that I concluded to mow it for hay, as the
oats appeared to be nearly all gone. The oats had
been purchased from a prominent seed house of Balti-
more, but as I had a fair growth of rye I presumed
they were somewhat mixed. I never saw the seed.
The rye naade a fine gi-owth, followed by what
proved to be chess. The rye headed and so did the
c-hess, while the oats were only three or four inches
high. I was disgusted, and should have turned in
my cows, but I had no fence. If I had mowed then
I should have had nothing but chess and rye, but as
I did not want any such stuff as hay I let it alone
until I could put a wire fence around the lot. In the
meantime the oats began to grow and headed out at
about thirty inches high, hiding the chess completely.
When tlie oats were ready I cut for hay and got a nice
lot, althougii mixed with over-ripe chess and rye.
The wheat seeded on that lot was mixed with chess,
and I had tried to clean it, but only removed a
part, and the wheat crop had considerable chess seed
in it.

Judging froni appearances I sliould have been
ready to affirm that the oats had turned to rye and
chess if I had cut them early, and later that the
stubble grew oats as a second crop. That appears to
lie what Mr. .J. H. ElJis claims to have been the case
in his article. George H. Smith.

Northumberland county. Fa.

1903.]

THE SOUTHEEN PLANTER.

561

' Editor iSouthern Planter:

Yo\i are certainly in for it, since the cheat trans-
it formationists have gotten hold of you. But seri-
ously, what is the use of taking up the space of the
Planter to try to convince the believers in this
superstition that such a transformation is impossi-
ble. It comes up perennially in all the farm papers,
and the men who have never made any accurate
study of plant life jump to conclusions not warranted
by the factsand are perfectly convinced that they are
right, and no amount of argument will make them
tliink otherwise. This old nonsense about wheat and
oats turning to cheat, planting by the jihase of the
I moon or the signs of the Zodaic, are persistent sur-
. vivals of old superstitions and will continue so long-
as men are not educated in an accurate study of life
in plants and animals. I have long since ceased to
try to argiie the transmutation people out of the
notion, but now and then I am tempted to hit some
one of these gentlemen. Mr. Ellis's letter, in your
last number, is rather amusing. His neighbor sowed
his winter oats in the spring to get them clear of
weeds, cheat included, we suppose. Now, if oats will
cliange to cheat, why do they not do so when sown in
rlie spring ? Simply because they do not get killed and
let the hardy cheat take their place. Then Mr.
Brockman sowed his clean seed in the fall and had
a fine crop of cheat hay, and. after the hay was cut
a crop -of oats .Where were the oats all the time
that the cheat was making hay, and why did not tlie;/
turn to cheat, too I It is very evident that the land
was full of cheat seed — and that is all that was
proven by that experiment.

!Mr. Wright says that cheat is a hybrid. How is
he so sure of that. Bromus seealinus is as well
marked a species as any grass in existence. Now, it
is perfectly easy to test the matter if the transmuta-
tion folks want to be convinced. Sow some abso-
lutely clean oats — good, large and plump grains,
for there are many wlio would mistake a seed of cheat
for a shrivelled oat grain. Sow these in soil that
has been perfectly sterilized from seeds of all sorts
liv heat. Now, abuse these plants in any way you
please, by excess of water and excess of cold, and
while they may be killed, they will never make a
cheat plant. I will give $5 for every cheat plant
produced from a wheat or oat seed. Some years ago
a farmer in Western North Carolina wrote to me
that he had the positive proof that wheat would turn
to cheat, and wanted to know if there was not a pre-
mium offered for it. I wrote that there was no pro-
mium and that I knew that he was mistaken. A
lawyer friend in the same neighborhood wrote to me
that he thought I had been rather curt with my cor-
respcndenl, and that he knew that he had the posi-
tive proof that wheat turned to cheat. I asked him

to send tlie proof. Soon after that a package came to
me, and on opening it I found a large and healthy
plant of cheat grass with decayed wheat gi-ains at-
tached to the tips of the rootlets. I wrote to my
lawyer friend that if he did not stiidy evidence closer
than that in court he would get badly left often, for
the sample he (ift'ered as proof that wheat turned to
cheat was, on the contrary, positive evidence that it
does not. The roots of the cheat had simply found
the decaying wheat grains in the oil and were feeding
on them. Had the cheat ])lant grown from the wheat
the grains would not have been at the feeding tips,
but right up where the roots started from. It is just
such evidence as this that convinces the untrained
observer that a thing is a fact when it is an Titter im-
possibility. If cheat is a hybrid, what are its
parents '( It takes more than one parent to make a
hybrid, and, as a rule, true hybrids are sterile and
fail to reproduce from seed. Crossing of plants
takes place througli the flowers, and not by any
transmutation in the soil. If you sow clean seed
in land that has not cheat seed in it, you will never
find a cheat plant in your wheat or oats. I had a
spot of wheat frozen down last spring after growth
began to get tender. Now, said a cheat man, you will
have cheat when that spot starts again. No, said I,
if the wheat is not entirely killed it will grow xip
again, and if killed there will be no cheat, for there
is no cheat in this soil and none was sown last fall.
It sprouted from the roots and was clean and pure
at harvest, and not a sign of cheat. Now I am satis-
fied that it is perfectly useless for you or me, Mr.
Editor, to try to convince these gentlemen of their
error, and I shall not waste any more time with it.

W. F. Massey.

Editor Southern Planter:

For several years I have thought like several of
your correspondents in your August issue — "that
oats turned to cheat."' I am now satisfied that all
were mistaken. My neighbor, Mr. T. B. Wright,
who, I see, has sent jon a head of chess, asking
what it was, had a field sown with winter gray oats.
Some time during the month of May I said to him :
Why don't you cut that cheat down, it will make
hay, and if yon let it get too ripe the stalks are so
hard it will be worthless. He replied : I have a
pretty fair crop of oats over there; they don't show
yet, but they are in there. And he was right. I
jjassed the place every day, and in the course of a
few weeks the oats outgrew the cheat and he made
a fine crop. His explanation was that the cheat and
oats were sown together. The seed of the cheat being-
smaller, are not noticeable in the oats at the time of
sowing, but they are there. ^ly own experience was
similar to his. I had a field sown with winter oats

562

THE SOUTHERN PLANTER.

[September

and clover for my hogs. There looked to l>e so few
oats that I turned my hogs in sooner than I intended.
They ate the clover for the first ten days, and then,
as in the case of ^[r. Wright, the oats began to show-
up. I noticed last year that some farmer in Albe-
marle had cut a crop of cheat which was siiccecded
by a crop of oats. I could not understand it at the
time. But the cheat being earlier Avas cut, and the
oats being there too had time to head out and make
a crop. I note, too, one of your correspondents notes
a similar case. What do you think of mv explana-
tion ? ' C. iF. Day.
Isle of Wight county, Ya.

This is the true explanation of all these cheat
stories. — Ed.

tield capable of yielding much pasturage during the
winter and spring months. The stalks of Joh^i-'
grass would hold up the vetch during the summer
and add largelv to the yield of hay, whilst it would
each year reseed itself, and thus keep up the croj).
As the vetch grows all winter and makes excellent
spring grazing before Johnson grass is ready for
:*tock it would materially lengthen the period when
grazing would be practicable.

CURING FORAGE CROPS— CHEAT.

Editor Southern Planter:

J. P. McDowell, of Halifax county, Va., asks
"How to cure peavines." I once cured a heavy crop
of sorghum hay by putting ventilators in each stack.
Make ventilators by placing three rails together at
top, set the bottom ends about three feet apart: nail
a few strips on each side to hold it together. Th
makes the ventilator. Now give access to the air
from the outside by laying two rails side by side
about a foot apart. Lay two or three small pieces
of timber on these two rails; then lay another rail on
top. Let this air shaft extend from the center of the
ventilators to the outside of the stack. Put one of
these air chambers on each side of the site of the
stack. Build the stack clear around and over the
top of the ventilator.

You advise "Subscriber" in July Planter that
neither oats nor M'heat, nor any grain, will turn to
cheat. But if you M'ill sow gray winter oats suc-
cessively for a few years, in the fall of the year, yon
will have a fine crop of cheat. This is a well estal>-
lished fact here in Southwest Virginia, where thev
are largely raised. It is well known here that thii^
evil can be averted by sowing the crop once in every
few years in the spring of the year, and thus rencv
the seed. I know this is contrary to the books and
science, but it is a fact that any farmer can demon-
strate for himself. H. B. Robkrts.
Washington county, Tn.

BERMUDA GRASS.

Editor Southern Planter:

I read on page 504 of your valuable journal an
inquiry about setting a field in Bermuda grass and
seeding with wheat at the same time. I live in
Central Arkansas, and am familiar with the agricul-
tural interests of the State. Bermuda grass is be-
coming quite popular in this region of country for
both grazing and haying purposes. To do its best
growing this grass requires hot sunshine. My ex-
perience and observation teaches me that every
farmer wotild do well to observe the rule that one
crop at a time on the same field is a sound principle
to go on, and therefore I would not attempt to sow
wheat with Bermuda. The best plan to set a field
in Bemnida grass is to thoroughly prepare the soil
by plowing deep and imlverizing perfectly. If to be
propagated from roots (which is best and cheapest
here), chop the roots, or separate into small bunches,
start your turning plow on the ready prepared
ground, as if breaking broadcast, then drop a small
portion of the roots in the furrow about 18 inches
apart. The next furrow covers it. Follow this
plan over the field to be set. When the plowing and
])]anting is done in this way harrow lightly to smooth
the surface. Do this in February or March. In
three months you will have a sod that yon cannot
graze out. We consider one acre of Bermuda sod
worth one hundred dollars in gold. It means fat.
healthy, vigorous stock. Remember, that this is a
fast age, and things, to insure success, must be done
well, so that they will bring the quickest returns.

C. H. Gkegoet.

Arhtnsns.

JOHNSON GRASS.

A writer in tlie Breeders' Gazette suggests that
hairy vetch seeded in Johnson grass would great] \'
improve the quality of the hay, and also make the

LEGUMINOUS BACTERIA.
We hear that the Department of Agriculture at
Washington has succeeded in cultivating the bac-
teria necessary to the successful growth of the legimii-
nous crops, and that they will shortly be prepared to
su])ply the same to farmers for inoculating the soil.

1903.]

THE SOUTHERN PLANTER.

563

Tliose who contemplate growing alfalfa should ap-
ply to the Department for the alfalfa bacteria, and
follow the instructions for its use before seeding the
land.

1903 TOBACCO CROP ON THE HOME STRETCH.

Ninety to one hundred days is usually the life of
the tobacco plant on the hill or in the field. Planted
in May or June, it is now on the home stretch. We
advise curing sun or air cured a red color. Late
cuttings are apt to cure dark green. To prevent this
cooping or bulking until yellowed before hanging is
advised. Beware of mould. To prevent this, air-
tight wood stoves, with heat enough to create a circu-
lation of air during soft, hot weather should be used.
Tobacco intended for shipment in the leaf for export
for Austria, Italy, etc., should be cured red or light
brown color, fired with open fires. For English strips
cure a dark brown color, with open fires. Don't for-
get that curing and handling is the biggest half to
be done. L. B. Vaugtiax & Co.

Eichmond, Va.

SEEDING GRASS ONLY.

Editor Southern I'lanter:

I was induced by your perpetual drilling ma-
chine— the best farmer's paper in the South — to sow
a piece of north land last September, early part, to
timothy, clover and orchard grass, without any grain ;
tried to get other grass, but could secure at the time
only the three kinds. This piece of north land had
never done me any good in the effort to get a stand of
grass and crop of wheat the same season ; both would
always freeze out. I placed the orchard gi-ass seed
in with fertilizer (200 poimds S. C. Bone to the
acre), and sowed a peck of timothy and peck of clover
through seed sower, and two bushels orchard grass
seed, to the acre. Results : a good crop of hay the
following summer, instead of the old experience of
neither wheat nor grass. I cut the hay about the first
of this month, and now that north bank looks better
than any meadow land. I thank you for drilling me
imtil I caught the right step.

Thomas S. White.

Rockbridge Co., Va.

ENQUIRERS' COLUMN.

Enquiries sliould be sent to ttie office of TAe Southern Plan-
ter, Richmond, Va., not later than the 15th of the month for
replies to appear in the next month's issue.

Hogs Ailing.

I have eighteen Poland China hogs that have knots
the size of peas, or larger, all over their bodies. Some
of them seem as well as usual otherwise, and others
are real sick, with but little appetite and lay around
in the shade. The eyes of these are closed and very
sore, lids much swollen and full of knots that look
like pus and scabs; when scraped off the flesh be-
neath is white and raw and bleeds.. They are in a
pasture, part woods and part apple orchard, with a
fine stand of orchard grass and clover. Have fed
them no grain since spring. They are in fair order and
seemed in good condition until thus affected. They
have lice on them. Their watering place is a small
spring where the water bubbles out of the surface
of the field and they frequently make a wallowing
hole of it.

Please tell me what the disease is and what to do
for it. Appreciative Subsceibeb.

Amherst county, Ya.

The hogs are probably suffering from what is
known in some places as "measles," an eruptive dis-
ease like measles in the human race. What they
need is a laxative, sloppy food, in which mix a spoon-
ful of flowers of sulphur for each hog three or four
times a week. If constipated, give them in the slop
a half pint of linseed oil for each hog. The feeding
of the sulphur will most likely cause the lice to drop
oft', as it has a powerful action on the pores of the
skin, -n'hich is ofl'ensive to lice. If the lice do not
drop off, a little kerosene oil rubbed or poured on the
backs of the hogs will soon get rid of them. — Ed.

The best means for destroying Cabbage worms is
air-slaked lime and common fine salt. Mix three-
fourths air-slaked lime and one-fourth salt. Sprinkle
this mixture over the heads as soon as worms appear.

Cow Peas and Weevil— Pollenizer for Strawberry —
Crimson Clover Seed.

1. Some time ago I read in an old farm paper that
by planting cow peas after July 1st the peas from
that croj) would not be infested with weevil. Will
you i^leasp tell me if it is so ?

2. Is the Jessie strawberry early enough to fer-
tilize the Warfield ?

3. What would be a fair yield of crimson clover
seed to acre ? J. D. Gitchell.

Albemarle county, Ya.

1. We believe weevil will infest cow-pea seed when-
ever the crop is sown as if sown in time to mature
the seed the weevil moth will be laying its eggs during
the period of growth and maturity, and the plants
will become infested.

564

THE SOUTHET{:Nr PLANTER.

[September

2. The Jessie is one of the earliest blooming straw-
berries known, and will fertilize the Warfiekl.

•i. Crimson clover will yield an^'%vhere from ten
to twentv-five bushels of seed to the acre, according
to the crop and the season for pollcnization. — En.

Sowing Clover with Wheat.

I have abont twenty acres ( ])artly low oroniid ) that
is a stiff sand or a mixture with clay, with a good
clay subsoil that I wish to sow in wheat this fall. I
have been thinking of sowing clover with the wheat
for a hay crop after the wheat is cut off. Could I do
tfcis' If so, how much clover to the acre and what
variety ? Do you think T could sow a crop with the
wheat that would do as well as the clover ?

Moore couiify, N. C. Geoijok E. Browdek.

Yes. You can sow red clover with the wheat, but
our advice, often given, is to sow grass and clover
without a grain crop if you want certainly to succeed
in getting a stand of the clover or grass. Of course,
clover sown with wheat will frequently succeed in
making a stand, but this is very often killed out by
the sun when the wheat is cut off. If a strong growth
is made and the wheat is thin, the clover may resist
the heat and make a good crop. You can sow no
other cro]) with the wheat. Sow about ten pounds
of 7-ed clover seed jjcr acre. — Ed.

Sick Turi<eys.

I shall be so glad if you will give me, through the
columns of September Pi.antek a remedy for worms
in turkeys. Th<' droppings of my grown turkeys are
filled with live, short (from one-eighth to one-quarter
inch long) white worms. And out of a flock of more
than a hundred yoimrj turkeys T have but forty-five
left. They get droopy and sleepy, their heads turn
very dark and their droi)pings are frequent and yel-
low. Some die in a short time, while others linger
one and two weeks, l)ccoming very weak and
emaciated.

^ I killed and cut open three of them. All their
viscera seemed in a normal condition, except the gall
on the liver, which was filled with a clear white — in-
stead 0+' green — fluid. It was clear, like water. The
small intestines were literally full of I'cnj long, flat,
jointed white worms. Pxith young and ol<l jiavc seve-
ral times expelled these worms during the night while
on their roosts. This caused me to examine i)articu-
larly for them. They seem, many of them, to be a
yard, and even three yards, long. Some of the sick
ones, though so emaciated and weak, have fine appe-
tites.

I examined the lilind fork of intestines for symp-
toms of black-head, liut so far as my judgment goes

it was normal, though perhaps I am not experienced
enough to judge.

The turkeys have free range of a large farm upon
which wheat, oats, tobacco and red clover are raised ;
have gi'it in abundance and pure running water ; and,
1 think, are free from vermin, at least I dust them
with Instant Louse Killer and sprayed their house
with a mixture of whitewash, kerosene and carbolic
acid. Have used every cholera remedy I know, but
still they die.

I shall be so glad of some remedy or pi'eventative
of black-head, cholera and worms from you or any of
your readers. Even should my whole flock be dead
before you can answer this it may help some one else
and help me another year. My turkeys are thorough-
bred Bronze from eggs of prize-winning hens and
gobblers of an unusually large and healthy strain of
this breed. IT])to three weeks ago they were hearty
and growing rapidly; are 12 and 14 weeks old — an
age that is usually considered safe. I have regularly
given them Hess' Poultry Panacea.

Amherst Co., Va. Anxiety.

We regret to say that we cannot give you any de-
finite advice as to the disease affecting your turkeys.
\ye can find nothing to help us in ottr books, and al-
though we have had long practical experience in the
raising of turkeys we have never had any such trou-
ble. We believe the worms are at the root of the
trouble and should use means to get rid of these.
Amongst the vermifuges useful for this purpose are
male fern and areca nut, which you can get from the
drugstores ; also turpentine. We would mix some
turpentine in soft food and give each turkey a good
dose in the shape of a big pill. If they will not eat it,
let them have empty crops when this is fed and give
no other food for twelve hours. The worms reduce
the vitality of the birds and they die from weakness,
we think. — Ed.

Unhealthy Cattle— "Hollow Tail."

T wish to know how to treat unhealthy cattle. I
have a lot of young cattle which do not thrive, al-
though they run in a good grass pasture every day
and are ])enned in stalls at night. The person who
attends to the stock thinks the cattle are afflicted with
what he calls the "hollow tail." Now, if there really
is any such disease T would be ]ilensed to know what
to do for it. Clifton Ward.

Samp.ion county, N. C.

It is impossible for us to tell you what to give your
cattle without something more definite as to the
luiture of the disease from which they are suffering.
It is absolutely certain that they are not suffering
from "iioUow tail," for there is no such disease.
Xeitlier 'liollow tail" nor "hollow horn" ever make

1903.]

THE SOUTHERlSr PLANTER.

565

cattle sick or are known to any veterinarian as dis-
eases affecting stock. They exist only in the imagina-
tion of ignorant people, who ha\'e no knowledge of
the anatomy of a cow or of the diseases affecting
stock. Possibly your stock, if you are in a tick sec-
tion, are suffering from a mild attack of the tick or
Texas fever; but this is only a supposition, as we
ha\-e nothing before us to warrant the statement, be-
yond the fact that you say they are young cattle and
arc all affected. All young cattle in a tick section
suffer some time before they are 2 years old from a
mild form of tick or Texas fever, and thereby ac-
quire a partial immunity from the severe form of
the disease. If this were not so we should have no
cattle left in those sections. Those attacked with
the disease when older nearly all die within a few"
days. If farmers would only follow the advice we
have so often given as to ridding their farms of ticks
none of this loss need be incurred. Wherever thei'e
are ticks Cthe Texas-fever tick) there will be Texas
fever and loss. Where there are no ticks there is no
fever. — Eix

Cassava.

I enclose clipping from a recent Saturday Evening
Post relative to the '"cassava" or tapioca plant. I
would be glad if you would tell me something more
definite about this as a suitable plant for cultivation
in this State. George S. Baker, Jr.

Franl-lin county. N. C.

Cassava is of no use to you. It is a tropical pro-
duct, and its growth is stopped by a light frost, or
even by continued cool weather. It only grows in a
climate free from frost for at least eight months.
The only part of this country where it can be g^o^vn
is Florida and a narrow strip of land along the gulf
coast from Florida westward to Texas. — En.

Salsify— Celery Seed.

1. fan salsify be planted in the fall to make a crop
for the following year — that is, planted in fall of
190.3 to make crop" for winter of 1904:-1905 ? Isn't
there danger of its going to seed ? If it can be grown
so, what time should it be so\\ti ? Please answer in
September Pl^xfee.

2. How old are celery seed before they lose their
vitality? William Daniel.

Prince Edward county, Va.

1. You cannot grow salsify in the way suggested.
The best way to gi'ow salsify in this climate is to sow
the seed in .July and it will then gTow right along to
maturity instead of coming to a stand in the hot
months, as it does when sown in the spring.

2. Celery seed does not lose its vitality very
quickly, but we can find no record of tests giving the
longest period within which its germinating powers
continue. Even the new seed is slow of germination
under unfavorable conditions. — Ed.

Plant for Name.

I have noticed a kind of clover (I think it is clover,
1>ut don't know what kind) that has come up in little
l);itches. It is now dead and seems to grow only once
a year. The jilant is about fifteen inches high. I
send you a little seed along in this letter for you to
examine and make a reply in the September number
of the Pl.\nter. I would like to know if it is good
for anything, or if any one raises it.

Joe M. Cheistensex.

This seed is that of trifolim- arvense, in some sec-
tions called rabbit-foot clover or mouse-ear clover.
It is usually regarded as a weed, but is of some value
as an improver of land and stock will eat it. Much
more valuable clovers can be grown with the same
trouble and cost. — Ed.

Preparation for Alfalfa.

Will you please advise me on the following: I
have a narrow strip of ridge land on my farm which
I would like to get down in alfalfa. This tract is
gray loam with clay subsoil. My idea is to sow this
down in Canada peas this winter, cut peas for hay,
then put down in cow peas, pick peas and turn under
the vines. Then sow again in Canada peas, harvest
them and plough land and work all summer to kill
weeds, as vou advise, previous to sowing alfalfa in
the fall.

Can T dispose of Canada pea hay to advantage?
About how much is it worth on the farm ? Must I
plough deep for Canada peas, and are the vines ex-
ceptionally hard to cure?

Do you think the rotation I propose all right ? If
not. please advise me what you think better ?

This farm has been worked on the tenant system,
and the above-mentioned land, while it was at one
time in tolerably good order, will at present not pro-
duce more than ten or fifteen bushels of wheat after
a crop of tobacco. Of course, this is tenant's farm-
ing, with no extra ploughing or fertilizing. I believe
that with thorough ploughing and subsoiling and a
coating of lime this same land would produce about
twenty or twenty-five bushels of wheat.

Campbell county. Va. A Subscriber.

The course proposed will be a right one to follow
to get up the land. Use some acid phosphate on the
Canada pea and cow-pea crops, say, 300 pounds to
the acre. Put the Canada peas in deep, say, four or
five inches cover and then sow half a bushel of oats

566

THE SOUTHERN PLANTER.

[September

and harrow in. These will help to hold up the peas
and make them easier to cure. The crop is no more
difficult to cure than other vine crops. We do not
know that there is a market for this crop, as so little
of it is grown here. Where it is largely grown in
the North it sells for as much as clover. It is a
most nutritious hay rich in protein. — Ed.

Saving Horse Manure.

I desire to get some infonnation in regard to horse
stable manure. My farm is about a mile from town
and I keep four, and sometimes five, horses in town,
and as the manure ia dropped it is each morning put
in a large pile. It stays in this pile sometimes for a
month and sometimes more, depending upon the time
of year. Sometimes there is no crop just ready for
it and it has to stay until there is. I notice that after
it has been in this heap for a few days it will begin
to smoke, and when it is hauled out has the appear-
ance of white mould in it, and, to all appearances
does not prove nearly so beneficial to the crops as
does that that is dropped in the farm stables and not
moved until ready to go on the land. Now, what I
want to know is, is there anything that can be done to
this manure in the heap to preserve its fertilizing
properties? If there is, I will very much appreciate
your advice in the mater. W. D. Grimes.

Beaufort couniy, N. C.

In order to preserve the fertilizing value of horse
manure when stored in a heap it should be sprinkled
with acid phosphate or kainit each day when re
moved from the stable. This will prevent over-heat-
ing, which causes the white mouldy condition, known
as "fire-fanged." Manure when it has got into this
condition is of little value as a fertilizer. If acid
phosphate or kainit is not at hand the heap should be
watered frequently. The addition of acid phospliate
or kainit greatly improves the fertilizing value of
the manure, as it lacks both phosphoric acid and pot-
ash in its natural condition to balance the ammonia
(nitrogen) in its composition. — Ed.

Storing Cabbage.

Will some of your readers who have had experience
give in the next issue of the Pi.axter the best method
of keeping cabbage for winter use '( .\lso state best
time for cutting. John Stables.

Dinwiddie county, Va.

The New York truckers save their cabbage crops
for the winter markets by ploughing a single furrow
from six to eight inches deep in which they place the
cabbage, heads down, as closely as they can be set.
They then turn a furrow over the heads from each
side. The heads should be fully grown when put

away. A better plan is to make a pie, or heap, of the
cabbage in an orchard or grove where there is some
natural protection. Commence against a fence with
a southern or eastern exposure. Pack the fence tight
with a liberal use of straw or corn stalks, or both;
against this set the cabbages as grown in the field
upright, but with a little slope, and place close to-
gether. When the row is formed as long as desired
place another row above these, letting the stalks
come between the heads of the first row so that the
heads of the second row come on the heads of the
first. Add as many rows as needed in the same way.
Then cover the whole with fresh fallen leaves and
straw to the depth of five or six inches and put a little
soil on these to keep the leaves from blowing away.
Waste hay or short straw can be used in place of the
leaves. The smaller undeveloped heads should be
put in the bottom rows, as they will continue to in-
crease in size during the winter. Cabbage should
never be put away when wet or frozen. Better store
a week too earlv than a week too late. — Ed.

Alfalfa— Land Plaster.

I notice in one of your articles on alfalfa in
August number that you recommend top dressing
with barn-yard manure, and in another article in the
rame paper you say that alfalfa is easily injured by
wet vegetable matter lying upon the plans. Now, I
wish to ask:

1. If there is danger of injiiring alfalfa by top
dressing it with manure containing much undecayed
bedding, such as straw, chaff, sawdust, etc., applied
in winter ?

2. Does plaster applied to clover in the spring
correct the acidity in the soil, or has it a contrary
effect, owing to the large proportion of sulphuric acid
that it contains ?

3. Is plaster as beneficial to alfalfa as it is to red
clover ?

4. How long will alfalfa bacteria remain in the
soil after the breaking up of alfalfa land ?

.5. Are the nodules produced on alfalfa roots by
alfalfa bacteria as large as those produced on pea-
\ine roots by pea bacteria ? .\. B.

Tennessee.

1. The manure applied as a top dressing to alfalfa
should be well rotted and then no damage, but great
good, will be done. Anything likely to hold water
in quantity on the crowns of the plants is liable to
cause rotting and loss of the stand.

2. Plaster ("sulphate of lime) will not have the
same effect upon a clover crop in correcting the
acidity of the soil as lime in the form of a carbonate
as in ordinary limestone or in ovster-shell lime. In

/ 1903.]

THE SOUTHEEN PLANTER.

567

an experiment made by Professor Massey he dressed
two adjoining fields of clover each with the same
money value of carbonate of lime and plaster. They
both made a good growth, b\it the effect of the freshly-
slacked carbonate of lime was decidedly marked over
that of the plaster.

3. Yes. In onr opinion, however, freshly-slacked
lime (carbonate of lime) is more effective on both
crops than plaster. Pla.ster never makes a return
commensurate with its cost, unless there is plenty of
potash in the soil. It is claimed for it that it helps
clover and the grasses by absorbing and holding
moisture, and there may be something in this idea,
as it iindoubtedly has a strong affinity for moisture,
but we regard it as infinitely less valuable as an im-
prover of crops and the condition of the soil than
freshly-slacked limestone or shell lime.

4. We are unable to say. We should not expect
them to persist long in the absence of the plant, of
which they are the specific microbe.

5. INo. They are like those on red clover — very
small, but numerous. — Ed.

Alfalfa— Mulching Potatoes.

1. When is the proper time to sow alfalfa?

2. On page 448 it is advised to mulch potatoes.
Should they be cultivated and then mulched ? How
deep should the mulch be ?

Surry county, Va. ]S''ew Subscribek.

1. Sow alfalfa in August and September in your
section; in April and ifay in the west of the State.

2. Yes. Mulch four or six inches deep. — Ed.

Rlng-Bone— Fleas.

Will you, or some of tlie readers of the Pi.antek,
tell me if there is any remedy or cure for ring-bone ?
I have a fine saddle horse that went lame last winter
in his riglit fore foot. We tJiought for a- while it
might be the shoe, but have found out since that it
is ring-bone forming on his foot. I have heard that
there is no cure, but would like to hear what you
have to say on the subject.

I would also like to know if there is any way to
get rid of fleas. I ncA'er saw such a quantity as we
have this year, and all of my neighbors make the
same complaint. They are all over the house — from
garret to cellar. There is no rest for them, day or
night. Subscriber.

Wythe county, Va.

With a ease of ring-bone so long established as this
one appears to have been there is little hope of suc-
cessful treatment. If taken in hand when first form-
ing, vigorous treatment by blistering and the firing-
iron sometimes arrests the disease. Firing might be

tried. If this does not give relief nothing will. The
disease is usually regarded as an hereditary one, and,
therefore, no horse affected with it should be used
for breeding purposes. The lameness caused may be
much relieved by proper shoeing. If the horse steps
on the toe of the foot first high caulks should be used
on the heel and vice versa if he steps on the heel first.
Tobacco dust has been suggested as a repellant of
fleas from, houses. Tarred paper used on the walls
is also said to be effective in keeping them out of
houses. They are a difficult problem to solve where-
ever animals are kept about a house. — Ed.

Melilotus Alba.

I enclose a sprig and seed from a rank-growing
plant that I take to be the melilotus alba, mentioned
in your last -July number, page 444.

T know of no one cultivating it, but have heard that
it is not only a great improver of the soil, but that
it is splendid forage for all kinds of stock. I notice,
though, that your article states "it is not generally
liked by stock."

I would be glad to know what experience has been
had with it in Virginia, and especially whether it is
difficult to be gotten rid of. J. S. D.

Oamphell county^ Va.

The specimen reached us in such a condition that
we are not able to say positively that it is melilotus,
but probably this is so. We are not aware that this
plant has anywhere in Virginia been grown as a crop.
It flourishes here in many sections as a weed, but our
information from many parties is that stock do not
eat it when they can get anything else. It is, no
doubt, an improver of the land, and for that pur-
pose has, we understand, been grown in some of the
States further South. — Ed.

Sod for Chickens— Milk Fever.

Please tell me the best mixture of grass for a
chicken lot, soil a red, stiff clay hill. How would
red clover and orchard grass do for grazing hens and
a sod of Kentucky bluegrass and white clover do for
young chicks ? I want a good sod and a pasture for
hens — something that would be conducive toward
laying. How would it do to sow turnip seed with
orchard grass and clover, or would mustard be bet-
ter? Are those pungent herbs, like mustard and
pepper grass, valuable as egg producers ?

T forgot to say that the two chicken lots I wish to
sod are set in young fruit trees, and while I want
something for the hens do not wish to injure the trees.

What is the Schmidt treatment which is said to be
a .«ure cure for cows with milk fever?

Amherst county, Va. Amherst Subscriber.

A young orchard should not be put down into per-

563

THE SOUTHERN PLANTER.

[September

maiieut grass if tlie l)cst interest of the trees is to be
eonsideret]. The orchard shonhl be seeded do^vii with
crimson clover in Jnly, and this should remain dur-
ing winter and tiien l)e ploughed tlo^\^^ in the spring
and the orchard be kept woi-ked until July and then
l)e seeded again with the clover. It might,
after the second year, be ])ut into grass for
a cou]ile of years without injury. A mix-
ture of orchard grass, tall meadow oat grass, red top
and meadow fescue should be sowed and two or three
pounds of red clover be seeded per acre with the
grass. The best pasture for hens is a clover pasture,
as clover is rich in protein, which is needed for egg
production. Miistard and pepper gi-ass are of no
value as feeds. A little red pej)per mixed in the feed
in winter is good for them.

The Schmidt treatment for milk fever is the injec-
tion of iodide of potassium into the udder by way
of the teats. It has been found to be remarkably
successful in practice.- — En.

Hogs with Toothache— Milking Cows.

1. I wi'ite til ank wliethcr or not tlK-rc is any such
tiling as hogs having tlie toothache ( I had a sow to
give l)irth to nine pigs on the 20th of May, and at the
time of birth, or a few days afterwards, T noticed
something like sores on the little fellows. T at once
got some creolin and began work on them. I have
five out of the litter, and all but one apparently have
done well. Thinking for a time it was due to the
attack of the disease, I ])aid no further attention,
until a few days ago I picked the one u]) that seemed
to be stunted, and found on examination two teeth
covered with a lilack coating, or what is termed black
(tooth) teeth. Will it be well to pull them '.

2. I would like also to get some information on the
question as to how long a cow should lx> milked, and
the use of her milk before calving '. I have handled
cows for a nundier of years, and in a good nmuber of
cases T did not know jnsi when the cows would calf,
and used the milk up to the very day without noticing
any difference. I understand a cow should be rested
for at least two weeks. But according to an argu-
ment held by an ex])erienced farmer, he claims that
even while the cow is pregnant her milk is not fit for
u.se, as her whole system is out of order. T saw
nothing to sustain him in saying so. Yet I would
like information on the subject, as there possibly are
others who think as this man. "\'ou remember in
this case the milk is not fit for use from time of preg-
nation. 0. J. R. Hoi.combf..

Rnleifjh, N. C.

1. It is generally understood that all animals suf-
fer, like man, from toothache, but whether pigs are
more subject to it than othei-s we do not know. The

so-called disease of "Black tooth" in pigs is like
"TIollow horn" and "Hollow tail" in cattle, a myth
n"kno^\^l to the veterinarian. If the teeth turn black
it is a rrsiilf of disease elsewhere, and not a cause
of it. The pulling of the teeth will not cure the dis-
ease. Probably what the pig ails is some disease of
the digestive system. Give some sulphur in the food
to cool the animal and purify the blood.

2. A cow should be milked until within six weeks
of calving again if her character as a persistent
milk yielder is to be made or maintained. It is
rifliculous to maintain that a cow's milk should never
be used when the cow is pregnant. If this rule were
acted upon then no cow could be kept profitably. A
milk cow to be a profitable cow should bring a calf
every year, and should yield milk ten months out of
the twelve, and even then to make a profit on the cost
of her keep should give at least an average of ovei»
."),000 pounds of milk in the year. Many of the best
cows give nearly twice this weight of milk in the
year, and some excejitional ones have given three
times that weight. The milk is perfectly wholesome
and good even if used right up to the time of the cow
calving again, but a cow milked throiigh in this way
never makes so good a return as if given a month or
t^yo of rest before each calving, and will age and break
down sooner than one periodically rested. There
arc, however, many good cows that milk through from
calving to calving again, but in our own practice we
always insisted upon a month or two of rest just be-
fore calving, and found the results warranted this.
The only time when a cow's milk is not good to use
is immediately after calving. For the first three or
four days after calving she will give milk of a thick
enstard-like character. This is called ''colosiruin,"
and is caiisod by the breaking down of the fat glob-
ules in the udder. This milk is valuable for the calf,
being nature's remedy for cleaning out the bowels,
but is not good for man, though it is often used for
custard making. — En.

Damages for Service by Scrub Bull.

.\ has a hunch of registered heifers in his field.
B's Scrub bull gets in with .them, and nine months
from the date four of A's heifers have calves.
Can A recover damages from B, and if so, on what
ground '. J. L. H.

Alhemnrle Co., Va.

Yes. We are of opinion that he can recover on
the ground of the loss sustained by the production of
scrub calves instead of pure bred ones. This point
has been raised and decided, we think, in the West.
We will try to find particulars of the case. — En.

1903.]

THE SOUTHERN^ PLANTER.

569

Trucking, Garden and Orchard.

WORK FOR THE MONTH.

The liarvestino-, storing and shipping of the pro-
ducts of the tniek patches, garden and orchard should
receive constant attention as the crops mature. Do
not allow fruit to remain on the trees until it
drops from over-ripeness, nor roots to remain in the
ground long after they have mat\ired. In both cases
the ])roducts will be injured. In handling the
jDroducts. whether for storage or shipment, see
that no damaged or specked fruit or roots are p\it
away for winter use or shipped. Let all these be
carefiilly culled out and be used or fed to stock at
once. If they go into storage they will only set up
rotting in the sound products, and thus cause disap-
pointment when opened for use, and if shipped, they
will materially injure the price received. All fruit
and root crops pass throiigh a "sweat" or heating
after they are gathered. They should not be stored
until after this has subsided. Put them into small
piles in a dry shed, or if the quantity is too large for
this, put up in piles in the field or orchard and cover
with straw and boards to keep out rain until the
"sweat" is over. Then resort and store or ship.
Pruit keeps best stoi'ed in a dry, airy room on slatted
shelves or in ventilated bins or boxes. Roots, ex-
cept sweet potatoes, are best stored in a cool, dry
cellar, or in piles made in the field. These piles
should be made on high, dry land, and be so placed
as that all water falling on them will at once drain
away. Cover with straw to the depth of six inches,
and then with soil. Sweet potatoes should be stored
in a house specially built for their storage, or in a
dry, frost-proof cellar, where the temperature can be
kept at an equable one of about 4-0 degrees at all
times by means of ventilation in warm weather, and
by a stove in hard frost. In these cellars or houses
they shoiild be stored in slatted boxes, and when first
put in the temperature should be raised to 60 or 70
degrees to cause them quickly to sweat and then to
dry off the moisture rapidly. Onions should be
pulled as they mature and be left in the field until
the tops are dried, and then the tops be cut off and the
bulbs be stored in a cool, drv room on slatted shelves.

Prepare the land for and sow the seed of the winter
cabbage crop. The plants should be raised so that
they will be ready for setting out in November. The
Early Jersey Wakefield is the best variety for this
crop.

Land should he got ready for the planting out of
fall cabbages and broccoli, and the plants be set out
as soon' as possible. These \vill make good heads in
the late fall.

Sow the seed of kale and spinach where the crop is
to mature. The land should be well worked, but not
be made over rich, as this has a tendency to make the
tilants too tender to stand the winter.

Potato onion sets should be planted during this
month. Put them in rows 18 inches apart, so as to
allow room for ^vorking, and set the bulbs 6 or 8
inches apart.

Lettuce seed may be sown this month for plants to
set out in the following months in beds and in cold
frames for the winter and early spring crop.

Clean up .nnd burn all trash and waste where crops
have been harvested, and thus get rid of insect and
fungoid pests.

Land not needed for other crops should be worked
and sown with crimson clover or vetches to conserve
and add to it? fertilitv.

APPLE DISEASES.

Editor Southern Planter:

I note in your issue of August, that "W. M." asks
question.? concerning the nomenclature of certain
fungi. While I have not seen the publication to
which he refers, I presume he has quoted the names
given correctly. If so, the Latin names used do
not apply to the disease for which the treatment is
recommended. The name, "Schlerotinia fructigena,"
as used, could have no reference whatever to the
disease of apples mentioned, but possibly may refer
to the brown rot of peach and other stone fruits.
Naturally, I am unable to say what the author had
in mind when using this term.

The name "Dentriticum fucicladium" doubtless
refers to the common apple scab. If so, the Latin
name for this fungus commonly used, is "Fuscicla-
dium dendriticum." This disease of the apple is so well
known that it hardly needs description, as the scab,
and the consequent cracking of the fruit, which result
from it, are known to every oi-chardist. The fruit
never rots from the attack of this funsrus.

570

THE SOUTHERN PLANTER.

September

The Brown rot, to whicli refereuce is made in
this article as oociirring upon the apple, may possibly
be the "Bitter rot." The description of the appear-
ance of the sori, or diseased spots on the fruit, lead-
one to believe that the writer had this trouble in
mind. Most orchardists are quite familiar with the
appearance of "Bitter rot" on the fruit, and know that
the little pustules in which the spores are borne oc-
cur in concentric rings around the point where the
attack first began. The Bitter rot can best be treat-
ed by the careful use of Bordeaux mixture, after the
manner we have recommended in o\ir bulletins. Sec
Bulletin 100. The spray recommended in this arti-
cle would be a very drastic treatment, and far more
expensive than is necessary. Our recommendation?.
of two pounds copper sulphate to twenty-five salloii--
of water will be equally as effective in destroying
the «-inter stages of these fungi and much cheaper
and safer to apply to the plants.

W. ^r. is certainly right in saying that many fun-
gous attacks are placed to the credit of seasonal con-
ditions. My experience leads me to say that careful
spraying of our orchards with right substances, at t' <
proper time, will help remarkably in making tliMi
fruitful. Climatic conditions certainly play an im-
portant part, but our unseen foes play a still greater
part in the unfriiitfulness of our orchards.

Wm. B. Ai.wood, Mycoloqisf.

Experiment Station, Blacksburg, Va.

THE PRESENT AND FUTURE OF STRAWBERRY
GROWING IN NORTH CAROLINA.

The possibilities of strawberry growing in East
em North r'arolina far surpasses those of any other
part of the United States, if not of the world. These
possibilities are the result of natural conditions and
are eternal. When Nature's hand dug the Atlantic's
bed and piled up parallel thereto the great Appala-
chian chain the work was begun. "Wlien by wave ac-
tion and attrition she bordered this belt with a liberal
fringe of flat alluvial soil and threw forward on its
northward swing the warmth-bearing current of the
Gulf stream, her part of the work was complete. She
liad not only made the ideal soil for tlie strawberrv,
which revels in humus, but she had by j)lacing the
sea on one hand and at just the right inten-al the
mountains, made severe drought — especially at the
season when this fruit, which is 95 per cent, water,
ripens — practically impossible.

When a little later, geologically speaking, civilized
man — which, after all, means eating man — came and
huddled in cities to the northward, and wrought
himself up into such a rush and stew that his feverish
blood must necessarily be acid cooled, opportunity

was ripe for such parts of this region as has facilities
of transportation.

Although this favored strawberry and general
trucking belt extends in varying width from Norfolk
down tlirough North Carolina and far to the south-
ward, undoubtedly the most .suitable part of it for
growing the strawberry on a vast commercial scale
lies in this State. The reason for this is that this
fruit ripens here at just the time when the weather
at the North grows spring-like enough to create an
immense demand for it, but still too early to meet
with serious competition from other soiirces of sup-
ply. Either an earlier or later ripening season would
not be near so good. Florida ripens berries a great
deal earlier, but the demand is then limited, and if
the millions of quarts of berries which we raise were
thrown on the market at that season they simjdy
could not be sold at all, and we should have to cut
down our supply to fit the moderate demand.

As it is, we may safely grow all the good berries
that we can pick and ship in proper condition. The
comparative narrowness of the trucking belt will
forever prevent the great glut of strawberries, even
now so often occurring in the West. And the moun-
tains will doubtless always remain barrier sufficient
to prevent an influx of enough western berries to glut
our ever-growing eastern market.

The West can grow more berries to the acre than
we can, provided drought neither destroys the plants
the summer before nor the berries during fruiting
time. But throTigh most of the strawberry regions of
tI.o West drought is a foe ever to be reckoned with.

Even under the most favorable weather conditions
the western growers are far less favorably situated
than ours of North Carolina. The region is so
broad, ripening and throwing on the market so many
berries at the same time, that prices are. and must
forever, as a rule, remain, lower than with us. It
might be argued that the increase and gro\vth of large
cities in the West would gradually equalize supply
aT'd demand there, as has been the case here. But
here the sea is a great factor .As long as trans-
Atlantic commerce lasts — not to speak of the manner
of gadding the earth — just so long will the sea-
port cities outgrow and outbuy those inland. The
result of the.=e conditions, I repeat, must ever be to
make strawberry growing and trucking generally
more profitable in the East than in the West.

But enough as to possibilities. It is good to know
their extent so that we may not fail in enterprise
and energy to avail ourselves of them. It is none
the less essential that we know the danger and draw-
backs in order that we may, if possible, avoid them.
This danger, while two-fold, seems to arise largely
froni the same source. There is a deterioration of
quality through carelessness in cultivating the plants
and in picking and handling the crop ; and a serious

l'J03.]

THE SOUTHERN PLANTER.

571

curtailment of the crop through disease and the
ravages of weevil and insect pests. As above stated,
these troubles arise largely from the same source—
from over-cropping and the lack of rotation.

<;)ver-cropping, the growing of a larger acreage
than is justified by the quantity of land at one's
disposal, necessarily prevents rotation, which is more
essential with the strawberry than perhaps any crop
that grows. A man begins by putting, say, one-tenth
of his land suitable for strawberries in that crop.
He clears $^0f\ $200, or perhaps a great deal more,
an acre. He rapidly increases his acreage with more
or less success till either all of his available land is
in strawberries, or so near all of it that rotation is
impossible. Consequently the same lots or fields are
kept in strawberries year after year, or perhaps
plourhed u]> and given one im])roving crop of cow
peas or some kind of soiling or summer crop and then
hurried back into strawberries again.

In a few years there comes a change. The plants
lose their old-time color and vigor. The berries, de-
spite better ciiltivation and manuring than ever,
won't "size up." It is harder to get them picked, be-
cause picking is more tedious.

Not all his big plans and air castles can refute the
stern logic of facts, or of checks, which are the same
thing. For every year his checks, his returns, grow
smaller per acre. He blames the weather the rail-
roads, the commission men, the trusts, the amend-
ment— everything but the right thing.

The truth is that his land has, to use a slangy, but
expressive term, simply '"bei-ried out," or become
"berry sick," and its owner, unless he can change his
methods radically, is on the high road to bankruptcy.
One evil begets another evil. His unrotated fields
and feeble plants become an inviting harbor of all
pests and diseases. Thus the two evils have practi-
cally the same source. And it is hard to exaggerate
in words tbo insidious power for harm of either of
these evils.

The glib paradox that half is more than the whole,
becomes a fact when applied to strawberry acreage.
Better in the long run one acre properly rotated than
two, three, nay, than five, kept to dwindle on soil
that protests in so many ways against such unwis-
dom. And with proper rotation would come natural-
ly many better things — smaller acreage, better culti-
vation, better manuring, better picking, better pack-
ing and better profits. The diseases and insect pests
that attack the strawberry plants have not yet proven
quite as harmful as those the general fruit gi-ower
has to contend with, though in the aphis and the
weevil we see evils which will be great or small in
proportion to the intelligence and perseverance with
which they are met and combatted.

Owing to the nature of the strawberry plant it is
hard to successfully combat either disease or pests

on it. It grows so low, amid clods and trash, that
spraying cannot be as thorough and effective as with
fruit trees, whose every leaf and limb can be covered
bottom and top. Mr. Sherman, o\ir zealous and
efficient State Entomologist, can be safely relied on
to lend all possible aid to the growers in their battle
with pests. He will at the same time inform them
of the difficulties to which I have alluded.

Twenty-eight years' experience in strawberry
growing has convinced me that these pests and dis-
eases, like the devil, can best be foxight with fire.
Burn them up. But how burn pests and diseases
and spare plants ? It can be done, and we find the
material right at hand, and at just the proper time
to do it. As soon as the crop is gathered mow the
plants as closely as possible. Let the mowed plants
dry for a day or two. Then on a dry, breezy day
loosen up the straw mulch and set fire to the field
along its windward side. It will burn quickly over,
leaving the field as clean as a floor. Not a vestige
of trash or plant will be left. Diseases, pests and
weed must then be at least largely destroyed.

In a few days a clean growth of vivid green foliage
will appear, and in a week or two it will be h.ird to
tell that fire ever swept over the field. I have never
kno'wn a plant killed by the bitrning, though with
an excessivelv heavy mulch and a very still day it
might be possible to do harm, but it is most unlikely.

Cultivation should, of course, begin as soon as the
burning is done. If spraying is to be done it would
probably be best to begin with the stub immediately
after the burning.

Burning cannot, of course, eradicate the aphis or
root louse. Proper and timely care can destroy them
by digging ujj and burning the infested plants (which
are apt to be onlv a few at first), and by a long rota-
tion of that field in other crops. Of coui-se, every
care must be used to prevent bringing in disease or
pests on plants obtained elsewhere.

Lack of time has prevented my dwelling on modes
of culture and manuring in this paper. I thought"
it best to devote the time I had to what I considered
more vital questions. I will add that no field should
be kept in berries for more than two years in suc-
cession and that it .should be rotated for not less than
three years in cow peas or some trucking crop. Of
course, cow peas would be best, and by saving both
the peas and the vines for forage, the land can be
made to yield a profit on peas.

Vance county, N. C. . 0. W. Blacknali..

SPRAYING PLUMS IN VIRGINIA.
Notes on Varieties.

The production of plums is yearly becoming more
important in this State. .\11 of the natives and
many varieties of the Japanese group are quite hardy
and productive in this climate, while varieties of

572

THE SOUTHERX PLAXTEE.

[September

the Bomestica class succeed well when protected
from fnn£cons diseases. In the Station orchard leaf
diseases (chiefiv Cylindros pvriitm padi) and the
brown rot (Sderotinia fi-iicti(jench} are so common
and difficult to '^ontrol- on tbe Domestica varieties
that unless thoroujrh and persistent spraying is prac-
ticed the trees soon snccumb to these troubles. Cer-
tain hardv varieties like Lombard are able to survive
despite the presence of disease, but all of the l>est
table varieties are much weakened and finally de-
stroyed unless most carefully sprayed. Yet even
when the most thorough spraying is practiced it
seems next to impossible to control the bro\vn rot so
as to secure a crop of fruit in the unfavorable seasons.
It has been a common practice in the Station or-
chards to commence spraying for these diseases very
early in the season. We first give a winter treat-
ment with bhiestone solution made by using two
pounds bhiestone to fifty gallons of water. This is
applied during the dorman*: season and is followed
bv an a]iiilicatioii of Eordeaiix mixture (4-5-50)
about the time the buds begin to swell. The above
treatments are supplemented by later sprayings with
Bordeaux^ mixture, the number of applications de-
pending upon weather conditions. Ordinarily we
spray five or six times, including the above applica-
tions. This course of treatment has been adopted
here after considerable experience and observation.
In order to determine more definitely the limits of
necessary tratment for these diseases, cei'tain modifi-
cations were made in treating a number of trees dur-
Vng the season of 1001. The season of 1901 was
- 'especially favorable to the growth of fungous para-
sites, and the applications were consequently ex-
tended beyond our usual custom. One tree each of
Imperial, Lombard and Reine Claude were given
only the first two treatments mentioned above — viz.,
with bhiestone on '^^arch 13tb, and Bordeaux mix-
ture on April 27th. One tree each of Imperial and
Lombard were given the first two applications, skip-
ped at the third and fourth applications, but sprayed
May 24th, June 7th, July 17th and August 1st with
Bordeaux mixture. One tree each of the above va-
rieties were given eight consecutive applications, be-
ginning with the bhiestone. while still dorm.ant, and
ending with the treatment of August 1st.

But slight difference was shown between the trees
that did not receive the third and fourth treatment
and those that were given the full number of
applications. The results are more marked in case
of the trees that were neglected after the third and
fourth applications. Especially is this true with
respect to conditions of the foliage and general vigor
of the tree. While Lombard was able to carry its
foliage well into the fall under this conditiou of neg-
lect, the two unsprayed Imperials, one receiving two
applications and the other four, suffered sreatlv

from leaf diseases and dropped their foliage quite
earlv. At the very end of the growing season, the
la>t'weck in September, the four trees (unsprayed)
of Imperial attempted to put out new foliage, thus
further accentuating their weakened condition. The
Kfine Claude, which received only two applications,
suffered greatly also, and was quite bare of foliage
l>efore the close of the summer, while the sprayed tree
carried a dense foliage late in the season. The un-
treated trees of the three varieties bore a fair crop of
fruit, which was almost as free from brown rot as
that of the sprayed trees, but on account of loss of
foliage it failed to mature, never reaching over two-
thirds normal size, and later shrivelled to such an
extent as to render it entirely worthless.

All of the trees which received only the two first
applications, with the exception of Lombard, drop-
ped their foliage three to six weeks in advance of the
sprayed trees. Furthermore, they made but little
wood growth, and failed to mature a crop of bloom
buds for the following year. The results the follow-
ing spring were quite striking: even the Lombards,
which received but two applications, and had thus
far apparently suffered but little from lack of treat-
ment, showed quite plainly that they were weaker
than the other trees. The treated trees of this va-
riety, although carrying a light crop of bloom, set a
fair crop of fruit, while the trees which did not re-
ceive the later applications were without bloom and
fruit. ,

The season of 1902 was not so favorable as the
preceding one to the development of fungous disease,
and none of the varieties were sprayed more than the
usual number of times. The second and fourth trees
of Imperial, first and fourth of Lombard, and the
second tree of Reine Claude were again left unspray-
ed. The results are that both unsprayed Imperials
were greatly injured by this neglect, one being prac-
tically dead this spring ( lOO-DL while the neglected
Reine Claude is so much weakened that it will not
likely recover. The Lombards do not appear to be
gi-eatly injured. All of the sprayed trees of these
varieties are in good conditiou at this time.

It is thus clearly demonstrated by this simple ex-
periment that summer spraying is necessary in this
locality in order to protect the foliage on the plum
trees of this class.

Spraying for brown rot should begin early in the
season and continue until the fruit is quite mature.
The bloom, leaves, and often the twigs, are badly
attacked by the fungous early in the spring before
the fruit is far enough advanced to show the trouble.
sr^fMARY.

1. Varieties of plums of the Domestica class suffer
greatly in this locality from attack of brown rot, and
are also seriously injured by various leaf diseases.

2. To control brown rot it is necessary to begin

190S.]

THE SOUTHEKN PLANTEE.

673

spraying early, else the crop is often destroyed in
the bloominf!: stage. The first application should be
made during the dormant season. This may consist
of bluestone solution or Bordeaux mixture.

3. If the brown rot is to be held in check, it is
necessary to spray with Bordeaux mixture at inter-
vals during the entire growing season. The number
of applications necessary will depend upon weather
conditions.

4. If rot is prevalent when fruit is near maturity,
spraying at this time checks the disease to a marked

"degree. It is also advisable to pick and remove from
orchard all diseased fruit.

5. Late spraying is especially advantageous in
the control of the leaf diseases, and is necessary with
riomestica plums if a healthy foliage is to be main-
tained to the end of the growth period.

NOTES ON VARIETIES OF DOMESTICA PLUMS.

Agen (Prune of.) — This is an old and well-known
variety of European origin. The tree is a rather
weak grower, although apparently quite hardy. A
fair bearer. Season late; ripens latter part of Au-
gust and first of September. Fruit medium in size,
purplish color ; flesh greenish, meaty, though tender,
and of very good quality. This is one of the best
varieties of the prune group that we have tested here.
It is seldom attacked by browai rot. Recommended
for home use.

Bavay. — This well-known variety originated in
Belgium. It has not proved profitable on our soil.
The tree is fairty vigorous in growth, but lacks hardi-
ness. Xone of the trees have been productive. Fruit
small, but of good quality ; quite subject to brown rot.
Season late: ripens September 1st. ^sTot recom-
mended for general planting.

Bnu^shaiv. — This variety is of American origin.
The tree proves to be a rather slow grower and is not
altogether hardy, but is fairly productive. Fruit of
large size, purple color and quite showy, excellent
quality, but subject to rot. Season medium early ;
ripens last of July. This is one of the very best of
our amateur plimis, and is highly prized both for
eating out of hand and for culinary uses. Strongly
recommended for planting in the home orchard, but
needs extra care. It is grown to a considerable ex-
tent for market in certain favored localities.

Eiml-cr Hill ■ — The origin of this variety is un-
known to us. The tree is upright in growth, fairly
vigorous and quite hardy: bears good crops of fruit.
Season late; ripens last of August. The fruit is a
small blue plum, resembling the damsons very
closely, but is considerably larger and has flesh of a
different character. 'We recommend this variety as
a culinary plum for home use.

Engelbert. Prince. — This old variety originated in
Belgium. The tree is a rather weak grower and
only moderately productive. Fruit below medium

size; flesh meaty, firm and of excellent quality.
Season medium; ripens August 1st to 15th. ]^ot
recommended for general planting.

Genii. — This variety originated in ISTew York
State. The tree is a vigorous grower and is quite
hardy. Fruit of large size, blue in color, and of
good quality. Usually a heavy bearer. This year
(1903), when nearly all of the Domesticas were
killed in the bud. Genii was uninjure'^jfTKcl is now ■
loaded with fruit. Ripens August 15tn. We con-
sider this the best general purpose blue plum of the
Domestica type. Highly recommended for general
planting ; not very subject to rot.

German Prune. — ^Originated in Germany. Tree
a fair grower and hardy, but lacks productiveness;
does not equal Agen in bearing, but it is a stronger
grower. Fruit of fair quality for its class. Season
late; ripens September 1st. Nothing to specially
commend it.

Golden Drop, Coe. — A well-known variety origi-
nating in England. The tree is a rather sIoav grower
and lacks in hardiness ; trees are quite productive,
though the fruit rots badly. Fruit large size, golden
yellow, quite showy, and of fairly good gj^ality.
Ripens August 15th. This variety is not recom-
mended for general planting.

Grand Dithe. — Originated in Europe. This is
one of the finest dessert plums of the Domestica class.
Tree only moderately vigorous, though hardy ; up-
right in habit and fairly productive. Fruit large
size, blue in color, with tender, buttery flesh. Qual-
ity excellent. Subject to rot. Season late. Highly
reeomended for home planting, but needs extra care.

Imperial Gage. — Though a strong grower and
fairly hardy, this variety has proved itself worthless
on our soil. Fruit small and of inferior quality.
Season late. T^ot recommended.

Italian Prune (Fellenherg). — Originated in Eu-
rope. This variety is moderately vigorous in growth
and is hardy, but seldom fruits abundantly. The
fruit is of fine quality for its group. Season late.
Second best variety of the prune group tested here.

Lombard. — This plum originated in New York.
The tree is moderately vigorous in growth, quite
hardy, and uniformlv a heavy bearer. Fruit me-
dium size, but only fair in quality; rots badly. Sea-
son August 15th to 20th. Though this is a very
hardy plum and bears neglect much better than many
others, it lacks the quality for either an amateur or
commercial plum.

McLaughlin.- — This variety originated in Maine,
and is one of the finest dessert plums belonging to the
green gage group of Domesticas. However, the tree
has never borne more than a light crop here, and,
moreover, the fruit often rots badly. Fruit large,
roundish, with meaty, tender flesh of excellent flavor.
Season early. A good variety for amateur planting.

574

THE SOUTHERX PLAXTER.

[September

Naples. — This variety is of European origin. The
tree is an upright in habit and a vigorous grower
Seems to be quite hardv. also productive. Fruit is
below medium size, but is of fine quality, especially
for c'ulinarv purposes, also good for eating out of
hand. This is one of the best varieties for canning.
Season medium late. Recommended for general
planting.

Ponc^.^Origin, England. Tree an upright and
rapid grower: fruit of large size and fine quality for
desert jnirposes, but this variety is a light bearer,
and the fruit is so subject to rot that we cannot re-
commend it e^'en for home planting. Season me-
dium late. It has proved an utter failure with us.

Qiiarkcnbns. — This is a well-known variety of
Xew York origin. The tree is vigorous, though not
a very strong grower, and appears to be hardy; not
a heavy bearer. Fruit is of good size and fair qual-
ity, but is quite subject to rot. Season late. We do
not recommend this variety.

Rfrvp Claude. — This old variety is of European
origin, and is so widely planted and well known that
it nccils no description. It is the standard for can-
ning. Fruit below medium size, vellow in color;
tender, meaty flesh, of excellent flavor. Uniformly
a good bearer. Season late. Succeeds well with us.
;More subject to brown rot than Yellow Egg.

Shropshire Dam.^on. — This variety originated in
England. The tree is vigorous and hardy and uni-
formly a heavy bearer. Fruit rather lar^e. com-
pared with other damsons, and of excellent qualitv
for culinary use. The best of the damsons. Season
very late. Recommended for general planting.

M'ashi)i(/ton. — Of Xew York origin. Tree a good
grower and apparently hardy, but has never borne a
heavy oro]\ General type of tree and fruit resemb-
ling that of l^fcLaughlin, but fruit is of superior
quality for dessert. A large showv plum, flesh ten-
der, melting and of fine flavor. Season medium
early. This plum has value for amateur use. but is
too shy a bearer for general planting; probably su-
perior to -McLaughlin for amateur work. Quite sub-
ject to brown rot.

While Dam.<<nn. — This variety has only been grown
here since spring of 1 000, and has not yet fruited.
The trees are good growers and apparently quite
hardy.

Yellov Egrj. — A well-kno^^'n variety of Europetm
origin. Trees vigorous and quite hardy; a irood
bearer. Does not rot as badly as many of the Do- [
mesticas, though none of the varieties are free from
this trouble. Fruit above medium, meaty and ten-
der flesh, of good quality. Season medium; ripens
August 1st. Though this is not equal in quality to
many of the fine dessert plums, yet it is one of the
best all-around varieties we have tested. For culi-

nary use and canning, we know of nothing better.
Highly recommended for general planting.

LIST OF VARIETIES BECOMMEXDED.

.Mrdiiim Earh/. — Bradshaw and Washington.
Mid-Season. — Yellow Egg.
Medium Lak. — Geuii and Xaples.
Lale. — Agen, Prune of: Grand Dtike, Shropshire
and Reine Claude.

Wii.T.iAM B. Alwood, Horticulturist.
H. L. Price, Ass>.'<lnnf IIorticuUuri.^t.

VIRGINIA STATE HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY. '

The' next annual meeting of the Yirginia State
Horticultural Society will be held at Pulaski City,
Va., on Wednesday, December 2d, and following
dav, when, in addition to papers on topics of interest
to fruit growers and discussions, there will be an ex-
hibit of fruits, vegetables, flowers and seeds. Di-
plomas will be given by the Society to the best in each
class, to which will be added any premiums that may
be offered by individuals or firms, of which due no-
tice will be given. These competitions will be limit-
ed to members of the Society, of which the member-
ship fee is iSl. Further particulars as to arrange-
ments for special railroad and hotel rates, etc., will
be published next month, or may be obtained from
Walter Whately, Secretary and Treasurer, Crozet,
-Vlbemarle county, Va.

Waltee Whatei-y,
Secretary and Treasurer.

Weevil in Beans and Peas.

Will you please tell me how I can protect dry
beans and peas from weevils ?

Cumberland Co., N. C. !Mrs. G. A. Wilrath.

Put them in a tight box or bin. and place a saucer
on the top of the seed and fill it with carbon bisul-
phide and shut the lid. The fumes from the carbon,
which are heavier than air, will descend through the
grain and kill everything living therein. Leave
closed for 12 hours, and then air. Have no lights
about as the carbon bisulphide is very explosive.
You can buy the drug at the drug stores. ]\Iiller3
use this to kill weevil and insects in the mills and
elevators. — Ed.

Grass Seed Mixture.

What grasses should T seed with clover to make a
better pasture the balance of the summer after the
clover has been cut and the sod to be ploughed the
following winter ? Subscriber.

Norlliiimherland C<\, Yn.

Sow orchard grass, tali meadow oat grass, red top
and meadow fescue. — Ed.

1903.]

THE SOUTHEEN PLANTER.

575

Live Stock and Dairy.

MEAT PRODUCTION IN THE SOUTH.

Editor Souilicrn Planter:

'No one will argue for a moment (hat we oiight not
grow all the meat eonsiimed in the southern section
of this great eountrv. Meat being the most expensive
article used in the feeding of our nation, is there
any reason that could he brought forward to pmvc
that we southern farmers should be content n.s co/;-
pers only, when the great possibilities of live stock
husbandry may be ours for the taking. The only
question is, can we grow this millions of dollars
worth of meat and in the production of it make for
ourselves and our children pleasant, happy homes
and surround them with the comforts of life to a
greater or less degree? T answer, most emphatically,
we can. and at the same time make of our beautiful
Southland a land of plenty, covered with grec
fertile valleys and grass-covered hills, instead of
barren hills, galls and washes, as is the state of alto-
gether too much of it at present.

My firm belief is that nowhere in America to-day
are there such possibilities as present themselves to
us right here in the South Atlantic Coast States.
Now, what are some of the reasons why we are not
more extensively engaged in this very remunerative
and pleasant branch of farm husbandry? 1 be-
lieve that one of the main reasons is that we have
been content in the past to allow some one else to
do our thinking for us. To the tenant system we are
indebted also for much of o\ir barren land. I find
very few of the tenant farmers have any desire fur-
ther than to supply — with the least expenditure of
labor — their bare wants. Lack of ambition is, I be-
lieve, the gi'eatest calamity that can befall mankind.
Ambition moves the world ; and it is just as neces-
sary in the farming business as in any other branch
of industry. We have been told that we cannot grow
grass in this section. I will answer that if we had
expended one half the time and money trying to grow
grass that we have spent in trying to destroy it we
would have gi'ass in plenty. Grass is the first essen-
tial in the production of beef, pork or mutton, as
pasture is the cheapest and most practical method of
feeding all kinds of stock during the spring and fall
months. During the dry period of summer the
pasture? should be supplemented with green food
of some kind, corn silage preferred. As winter
comes on the stock should be housed in drv. com-

fortable quarters and provided with liberal quanti-
ties of all kinds of nourishing food, of which this
section can produce an abundance.

After we have the feed, the next thing to be
considered is the type of animal we should procure
to work up this good feed into profitable meat.

TTpon examination we will find the same general
conformation in the more profitable individuals of
all the meat-producing breeds. The broad, clean-cut
head ; prominent, bright eye ; short nose, wide nos-
tril; short, broad back; full in the heart, well sprung
rib, broad hind quarter; deep, thick twists, and, over
all. a good, mellow hide. These qualities are v,'hat
go to make up the profitable meat-producing animal
of the twentieth century. We now come to by far
the most important factor in the production of high
class meat — that is, the eye of the master. The
Scotch have a saying that "the eye of the master is
half the beast," and it is more than true.

In no business with which the writer is familiar
does the master mind behind the business count for
so much as in the business of producing high class
meat. The thousand and one things that he must
know, and must be able to make other people know,
makes the head of a first-class live stock business no
lazy man's job. A book might be written upon the
subject of "What a live stock farmer ought to know,"
and still the half would not have been told. Any
way, the average farmer won't have to go away from
home to find work for his brains.

A few thoughts along the line of general care of
stock and I will leave this subject. In the first
place, never feed good feed to mean animals, better
sell it. Secondly, don't feed mean feed to good
stock. Feed good feed to good animals, and feed
plenty of it. Don't think for a moment that good
blood will take the place of feed, it will not. Our
best breeds were brought to their present state of
excellence by selection and feed through many gen-
erations. And bear in mind that a breed will de-
teriorate much faster under poor treatment r'
will improve with the liest of attention.

Every stock farm should be provided with silos,
as corn silage is the cheapest carbonaceous food that
can be produced. Never feed lice or ticks on any
kind of feed, good or bad. Kill all sorts of para-
sites by dipping or washing the animals. Be friendly
with your animals, talk to them, scratch the pigs'
back when vou feed him. That fine bull loves to

576

THE SOTJTHERX PLAXTER.

[September

have his tail scratched. Pat the lambs on the head.
Some people don't get well enough acquainted with
their animals to tell one from the other. They will
never make the most successful stockmen. The first-
class stockman must be able to see the image of his
ideal animal whichever way he may look. Have an
idea and work to it. A. L. Frexch.

Rockin<)hav\ Co., N. C.

We would surest to our correspondent that he
does not sufficiently emphasize the value of the nume
rous forage crops of which we can grow a greater
variety than any other section of the country as ad-
juncts to the pasture. Whilst we are getting the
grass pastures do not let us wait and lose time. We
can carry beef stock all the summer on forage crops
and improve them every day whilst doing so. Cow
peas, soy beans, sorghum, teocinte. alfalfa and the
clovers can be raised so as to provide feed all the
time, whilst the corn is growing for the silo for win-
ter feed.— Ed.

KEEPING PURE BRED CATTLE IN THE SOUTH.

Editor Southern Flanfei :

I wish to give my experience along the line of pure
bred cattle feeding, not that it may fill up your valu-
able paper, but for the especial benefit of all South-
ern planters, who contemplate cattle raising. This is
my third year with imported cattle, and here is what
I have to say : If you have never engaged in the rais-
ing of improved cattle, don't; echo says don't, until
you first have each and every animal from which yo\i
wish to begin thoroughly inoculated, for if this im-
portant factor is overlooked and ticks get among your
herd, just so sure will the last one of your cattle take
the Texas fever, and not only get sick, but will die
in spite of all the doctors and veterinarians in the
world.

Three years ago, out of a bunch of shorthorn grades
of one dozen. I lost eight of the number. Wlien I
found that the fever was among them they com-
menced to die by twos and threes per day. The ne.xt
fall T purchased a? fine a looking shorthorn bull of
an Ohio party as I thought the earth held, at a cost
of $150, and in less than two months he died of this
same tick fever. In January, l[i02, I purchased of
the same party shorthorn bull Xo. 2, and of another
party a fine-looking Devon bull. In le.*s than six
months both these bulls were attacked by tick fever,
and both succumbed to the same. Determined not to
give up in spite of this discouragement, I last Septera-

l>er (1002^ visited the Angiis herd of Messrs. Wm.
^r. Watkin? Sr Sons, of Randolph, Va., and there
jiurchased of them a young bull at <he price of $100,
and a little later purchased of these same people a
three-year-old cow, that dropped in April, 1903, a
heifer calf not akin to the young bull. On this same
visit I purchased by letter, of W. S. Foster, Esq., of
Blacksburg. Va., a fine Red Poll yoimg buUl. and all
three of these cattle reached me about the same time,
in Xovember. To say I was proud of my stock seems
to bo putting it in too mild a form. In -lanuary,
1!>03, our State Veterinarian came out and inocu-
lated the Red Poll and Angus bull, and in March he
inoculated them the second and last time. The .An-
gus cow b^ing heavy in calf the veterinarian did not
advise her inoculation. All went well until turning
them to pasture first of May. The cow and bulls
commenced to have ticks upon them, but they stood
up so well I had about flattered myself that even the
.\ngus cow would pull the .season through as well as
the bulls. This was all of no avail, for on the 2Tth
day of June we noticed, for the first time, that she
showed sickness, and refused to eat, and I telegraphed
the veterinarian of the cow's sickness, but he had other
engagements, and could not come, but sent word as to
treatment, and on Julv 1st she, too, "handed in her
check?.'' Inoculation has saved the bulls, and they
ars both now as fine looking specimens of health and
gro^vth as any cattle Xorth or West. They have
been all summer and are now literally loaded with
ticks. The Angus bull, my herdsman said last even-
ing, had more ticks upon him than any cow he ever
saw. These bulls are now as fully tick proof as if
Ivorn in the tickiest portion of any tick country in the
world. They are open to inspection. Yes ; I would
be glad for any and every one who wishes to know if
the pure bred cattle business can be made a success in
a tick district, to come and see these bulls. The little
motherless Angus heifer, while she has not, under the
circumstances, made the desired progress, yet is
growing some, and we feel now that her safety as to
being raised to cowhood is assured. My experience
as to tick fever has cost me not less than $1,500.
Your readers get this much worth for the reading.

Halifax Co.. X. C C. A. Wii.u.vms.

If only Southern farmers would take note of what
we have written on this subject of Texas fever in the
past few years they could save themselves these ex-
pensive experiments. — Ed.

When corresponding with advertisers, kindly men-
tion the Southern Planter.

1903.]

THE SOUTHEKN PLANTER

577

MANOR HERCULES.

Filston Farm, at Glencoe, near Baltimore, met a
severe loss ir the death of their champion young boar,
Manor Hercnles, which they were importing from
England on the White Star ship, Cevic. Manor Her-
cules was bought from the Danes field estate, at Mar-
low, and had made a triumphant tour of the English
shows during the summer, winding up by winning
the championship of the Eoyal on June 22d. Mr.
Colin Campbell writes from England that not for
many years had the Eoyal shown so fine a type as
this young boar.

Manor Hercules died from the effects of the sea
voyage the day before reaching port. He was sired
by Links Essau out of Eloradon Baroness, and had he
lived to be shown in this country, as he would have
been had he reached here safely, there is little doubt
that he woiild have repeated his English successes,
^lanor Hercules would have been a notable addition
to the Filston herd, which includes already such
famous imported prize winners as Manor Faithful,
Her Majesty, and many other Berkshires of distin-
guished lineage.

WHAT CONSTITUTES A PERFECT BERKSHIRE.

Editor Souihern Planter:

Sliort in the legs, back broad, straight and evenly
fleshed, ribs fl'ell developed, rump and twist good,
hams well down to hock, breast and neck full, no
creases in neck or sides : ears clean, full and of small
size, standing erect and well placed; face broad and
dished, wide between the eyes and ears; nose short

and meaty; hair fine and thin, ihough many prefer
heavy coats, slightly arched back, that will never
come down, fo\ir white feet, a blaze in the face, and
white tip at end of tail, a gentle disposition. The
Englishman wants a stocky, five to six hundred pound
boar, and "rangy" five to seven hundred pound sows,
but pig fashions may have changed there of late.
Eockhridge Co., Va. Ti'os. S. Whitf.

FEEDING HOGS.

Whey, skim milk and buttermilk are of great value
as part of the ration for fattening swine. There is
practically no difference in the feeding value of
skim milk or butermilk when each is fed in prime
condition. Fhev produce rapid and economical
gains and a fine quality of bacon. The average of
many experiments show that 475 pounds of skim milk
are equal in feeding value to 100 pounds corn meal.

Pigs will maintain their weight on pasture without
making any appreciable gain, if a half ration of gi-ain
is fed. This grain will be utilized entirely in in-
creasing weight. The best pasture plant for pigs is
alfalfa, where it will gTow. while red clover, white
clover, blue grass and rape are good pastures in about
the order named. A pastiire to be satisfactory for
swine must be short and tender. Experiments show
that one acre of rape or other suitable pasture is
equivalent to 2,000 pounds grain when fed the pigs.

At odd times give the farm a general cleaning up,
and burn litter, or use it for mulching shrubbery and
fruit that need protection.

578

THE SOUTHER^r PLANTER.

[September

The Poultry Yard.

KILLING HAWKS.
Editor Southern Planter:

Will you please allow me space in your valuable
paper to suggest to all farmers who are bothered by
hawks to try my plan ?

Buy a steel trap that when set has no spring ex
tending beyond clamps, so that when the hawk lights
he will bo sure to spring it. These can be had at any
good country store, or at any hardware house. Take
the trap and nail it on a pole through a hole that will
Ije found convenient for the purpose. The pole
should be about fifteen feet long, and be erected in a
secluded place, a meadow is generally best, not too
near the hoiise, with the trap firmly nailed on end of
pole. The traps should always be kept greased, so
as to be sure to spring at a slight touch.

Early in February, 1002, I erected a pole in a
secluded low field on my father's place. I caught a
large hawk the first day the trap was set. I con-
tinued to catch them, and a little later on I set an-
other trap in a small meadow, and on these two traps
I have caught forty hawks.

I would strongly advise all farmers who are
troubled with hawks to try this method of destroying
them. Besides saving much money in hens and
chickens, many counties in the State pay bounty for
the scalps of hawks. The traps generally cost about
twenty cents each. Joseph J. Tabb.

flloiirPKtrr Co.. Yd.

survived, and T bad them used on our table, but that
•rroy hen, much to my regret, was kept over another
season, and most of her progeny (easily told by the
color) had gapes, and now we have them regularly
! (but not as yet to much extent! amongst our chick-
ens. This settles to my entire satisfaction the cause
of gapes, and leaves but one practical way for their
eradication — that is. to dispose of your jiresent flock
and replenish from one that is not troubled with this
disease. Since my experience above stated, T remem-
ber on one occasion m.^- parents disposed of their
whole flock because they had gapes, and started anew
with birds that had not been troubled in this M'ay.
F(iuqui''r Co., Ya. R.

GAPES IN CHICKENS.
Editor Southern Planter:

The lielief I find is generally accepted that gapes
are caused by vermin or by being kept on gi'ounds
where chickens infected with gapes have been pre-
viously cooped. ]\ry experience fails iitterly to sub-
stantiate either of these theories. I find that they
come from breeding from chickens infected with the
gap bacilli, or, in other words, they are inherited
from the parent bird. This is proven to my entire
satisfaction since coming to my present borne, in the
month of ilay, 1 90". I brought with me my chick-
ens from my former place of residence, and among
which T had never had a single case of gapes. They
were all p\ire bred White Wonders and Buff Leg-
horns; had none of any color except white and buff.
A friend kindly sent us a grey hen and a newly
liatched brood, for which T was very thankful, i)ut
which has proven to be a very costly gift. Gapes
suon appeared in this flock of chickens, most of them

VERMIN PROOF ROOSTS.

Editor Southern Planter:

"Xfy plan for nuiking the roosts for my poultry to
avoid having them annoyed with mites or lice is as
follows: T have all su]iports for roosts, and the roosts
themselves, of dressed limiber; no iioles or cracks in
them where mites can hide or breed, then swing the
supports for roosts to I'oof by wires, so that they M'ill
not touch the house anywhere. Lay the roosts on
these supports and keep them in place by nails driven
each side of them, so they can be readily removed if
desired. T have been using roosts thus constructed
for the last twenty years, and have never been
troubled with mites or lice in my hen house during
the whole time, and, in fact, very little with any
kind of vermin. The roosts should be painted oc-
casionally with coal oil. in which a small quantity of
Lee's Lice Killer should be used, to keep down the
larger vermin. R.

Fauquier Co., Ya.

KILLING HAWKS.

Editor Southern Planter:

T notice in your issue of August a request for in-
formation about killing hawks with strychnine. I
think if H. Denhurst will try my plan he will get rid
of the hawks, and not hurt his hens. I have always
found it satisfactory. Get from a drug store some
fluid extract of nux vomica, and wet the feathers on
the top of the heads. I have not used it on full
grown hens, but always save my chickens in that way.
For little chickens pour some of the extract into a
little dish, just di]> in the finger and touch the chick-
ens just back of the top of the head. Of course, more
would be needed for a hen.

.S'i/rn/ Co., Ya. 'Miis. S. l\r\TTHr:ws.

1903.]

THE SOUTHERN PLANTER.

579

The Horse.

NOTES.

Richmond's third animal Horse Show promises to
be a grand affair, and Secretary W. 0. Warthen and
his associates are enthused over the bright prospect
ahead. The show will take place during the week
of October 12th to 17th, and details arc fast being
completed for the gTeatest event of the kind ever seen
in this sontl)ern conntry. Last fall the big amphi-
theatre at Reseiwoir Park, where the show was held,
was taxed to provide accommodations, but noAV with
increased facilities the management hope to handle
with ease the largely increased attendance that is
expected. Already every box has been taken and a
large miiiibcr of the best seats have been sold, which
is ample evidence of the great popularity of the Rich-
mond Horse Show. The Marine P>and, with its fifty
players from. Washington, will furnish music. Con-
certs will be given daily by this splendid band from
1 1 A. !M. to 1 P. M., when the horses will be paraded,
and this of itself will prove one of the most popular
features of the show. Performances will begin at
8 :30 each night throughout the week, while in addi-
tion a matinee will be given on Saturday afternoon.
Over $8,000 will be offered in premiums, and it is
safe to ])i edict that the greatest lot of horses ever ex-
hibited in the South will compete for the rich prizes
to be distributed in the different classes.

The following gentlemen, who are widely known
and regarded as experts in that line, will serve as
judges : Charles P. Williams, of Stonington, Conn. ;
^larian Story, ]Vew York; Edward Browning, Phila-
delphia ; John R. Valentine, Bryn Mawr, Pa. ;
Tompkins IFcIlvfiine, New York; Charles Wheeler,
Philadelphia: Sidney W. Stillwell, Rutland, Vt. ;
Jolin 7\err P>ranch, Richmond.

v^ (5* c?*

The grounds and track of the Roanoke Fair Asso-
ciation, at Roanoke, Va.^ have been gotten in shape,
and necessary buildings are in course of erection for
an exhibition there this fall. October 21st to 23d,
inclusive, are the dates selected. The leading fea-
tures include an agricultural and stock e.^hibit, com-
bined with races for harness horses and runners. The
grounds of the association are attractive in appear-
ance and located riglit near town, being easily reach-
ed by electric cars and otherwise, while the half-mile
track lias been constructed with great care and is
looked upon as both safe and fast. Leading citizens
and business men are backing the enterprise and are
confident of a successful issue.

The list of officers follows: President, James P.
Woods; Vice-President, Ed. L. Stone; Treasurer,
Jiobert PL Angell ; Secretary, W. L. Andrews. Board

of Directors — J. Allen Watts, S. S. Bsooks, Louis
Scholz, PI. N. Dyer, PTenry Scholz, Arthur L. Seibert,
W. C. Stephenson, S. H. Pfeironimus, J. H. Wingate,
John Ri;se, S. Simon. S. P. Seifert, H. E. Jones and
Frank Read.

With handsomely fitted up offices on Broadway,
New York, and as manager of a big mercantile con-
cern, James F. Scott, who figured prominently in
the horse world for some years, is again riding on
the Avave of prosjierity after various ups and downs.
PTe was widely known during 1894- and 1895 as
managing partner of the firm of Holt & Scott, Gra-
ham. N. C. owners of the famous pacer, John R.
(Tentry, with M. E. McHenry as trainer and driver;
later as the head of Knowlton Earm, home of Ash-
land Wilkes, Lexington, Ky., and afterwards as man-
ager of Griswold Lodge Earm, Great Barrington,
]\lass. Mr. Scott has his residence in New York,
but the old homestead at Eranklinton, N. C, is kept
up and late improvements inchide a big barn for the
horses.

The richly-bred 2-year-old colt, Pelby, by Allerton,
2:09 1-1, dam Bon Mot, by Baron Wilkes, has re-
cently been piirchased of John Donnovan, St. Joseph,
Mo., and after being developed it is the intention to
place him in the stud at Eranklinton, along with a
choice band of breed mares.

Mr. Harry C. Beattie, of the Bloomingdale Earm,
this city, has sold to General William T. Townes the
well-known mare. Amulet, a chestnut, foaled 1883
by King Bolt, dam Ecliptic, imp. Eclipse, second
dam the famous Nina, by Boston. General Townes
is associated with the American Tobacco Company,
with headquarters in New York, but his stud of
thoroughbreds is kept near Charlottesville, Va., where
Amulet joins the richly-bred band of brood mares.
General Townes has been leisurely collecting his
stud for several years past, and each season has mated
his mares with prominent sires in Kentucky and Vir-
ginia.

The big bay stallion, Russell Rex, by Mambriuo
Russell, dam Fay Boyd, by Alcyone, owned by E. C.
Leach, Newport News. Va., after closing his stud
season, was placed in training and is being raced
through the Maryland and Virginia circuit of fairs
and race meeting. In his work he trotted trials close
to 2 :20 and coTild show quarters at a faster rate of
speed. Though a mastodon in size, being 16:3 in
height, and weighing close to 1,400 pounds, this son
of Mambriuo Russell is of sjaumetrical proportions,

580

THE SOUTHERN PLANTER.

[September

and one of the handsomest stallion? that ever scored
for the word in a race. Russell Rex figured as a
blue ribbon winner in the roadster class at the Rich-
mond Horse Show, both in 1901 and 1002. He was
bred by ex-Postmaster A. H. Lindsay, of Portsmouth,
Va., who o-n-ned the dam. Fay Boyd, ^ daughter of
Alcyone and Annie Boyd, by Belmont.

Secretary B. F. Toy, of the Hampton Roads
Driving Park Association, Newport News, Va., has
issued the speed programme of a one-day race meet-
ing to be held there on September 7th, when purses
will be offered for trotters, pacers and runners. The
classes for harness horses include a free-for-all trot
and pace — one for 3-minute trotters and another for
2 :30 trotters. The monthly and semi-monthly mati-
nees and race meetings of the Hampton Roads
Driving Park .\ssociation have furnished good sport
and entertainment for Newport News and Hampton
people this season. The forthcoming meeting is
fixed to take place on Labor Day — a general holi-
day— and the attendance is likely to be large.

Mr. Harry C. Beattie, owner, breeder, horse show
patrcm and also widely known as ISlaster of hounds of
the Deep Run Hunt Club, and vice-president of the
Richmond Horse Show Association, has a big stable
of hunters, jumpers and high-stepping harness horses
quartered at Bloomingdale Farm. The prize-win-
ning high jumper. Buck, a chestnut son of Rover,
by Abdel Kader, is probably the best kno^\'n mem-
ber of the collection: but there aie some younger
horses likely to gain distinction with age and expe-
rience in the show ring. The latter division includes
Blizzard, a 4-year-old son of ihe "iron horse," Blit-
zen, who is highly regarded by Mr. Beattie. Buck,
Blizzard and one or two others in the Beattie stable
were winners at the Atlantic City Horse Show.

One of the handsomest 3-year-olds in Virginia is
the bay colt by tlie saddle stallion, Shadeland Den-
mark, out of Goldie H., thoroughbred daughter of
Milner and Vrenetta, by Voltiguer, bred and owned
by Mr. William Townes, who has a fine old home-
stead near Cuscowilla. in ilecklenburg county.
Goldie M., the dam of tiiis colt, has l3een owned by
^Ir. Townes for some years past. She is a large,
handsome bay mare, full 10 hands high and her pro-
duce take after her. At different times the daughter
of Milner has been mated with ihe thoroughbred
sires, imp. The Jacobite; Garrick, the son of Lexing-
ton; Pardon, Erie and Dan Spanker. Goldie M.
was formerlv in the stud of the late Judge Robert
W.Hughes.'

The bay mare, Faustena, thoroughbred daughter

of Eolus and War Lass, by War Dance, formerly
owned by William Rueger, has been purchased by
him from W. K. Mathews for use as a brood mare.
By the trotting sire, Robert Ransom, Mr. Rueger
owns a couple of nice young mares out of Faustena,
and he has bred the daughter of Eolus to Langlane,
thoroughbred son of Longstreet, by Longfellow.
Longlane is in the stud of Edmund Winston, Han-
over Courthouse, Va., and his dam was Highland
Lassie, by imported Highlander, second dam Algeria,
by Abdel Kader, and third dam the famous Nina, by
Boston. Algeria was bred by the late Major Thomas
Doswell, Bullfield stud. Hanover county, wher§ Nina
passed most of her life and dropped her long list of

ijroErenv.

" ■ .« ^ ^

James A. Graham, who, until recently, o\\Tied
Gould Hill Farm, near Hanover Courthouse, Va.,
and while there bred such good ones as Virginia Jim,
2:12 1-2, and others, was here during the past week
on a flying trip from the West. Mr. Graham had
Leewood, the sire of Virginia Jim. and some choicely-
bred brood mares at Gould Hill, but disposed of them
a few years ago. He has now, however, re-entered
the horse business and has a big stable of trotters and
pacers in training at Monmouth, 111. During his
residence in Virginia Mr. Graham made numbers
of friends who will wish him all success in the new
venture. He is a practical horseman, and with it,
one of the best informed students of blood lines and
pedigrees in the country.

J« J* -Ji

Tlie Virginia-bred trotter, Ida Gray, bay mare,
foaled 1897, by Bursar, 2:17 1-4, dam Maiid, by
Walker IMorrill, made a good showing at Brighton
Beach, N. Y., during the recent trotting meeting
there by winning the second heat of the 2 :18 trot
and reducing her record from 2 :19 1-4 to 2 :13 1-4.
In the summary Baron Dillon stood for first money
and Ida Gray came second. She was bred by Smith
Walters, of Onancock. Bursar, the dead son of
Stranger, who sired Ida Gray, was not only richly
bred, but a trotter and race horse as well. He left
a number of his get on the Eastern Shore of Virginia,
and his blood is likely to breed on for succeeding
generations.

,»t .J* ■ .jt

Captain Edward R. Baird, whose farm is near
Occupacia, Essex county, Va., has some promising
young horses, owned and bred by himself, and sired
by Judge Morrow, thoroughbred son of "\''agabond
and Moonlight.

Captain Baird's collection includes a pair of
young geldings, full brothers, 4 and 5, by Judge
^Vforrow, dam a trotting mare that he thinks highly
of, and later may Imve them titted up for the show
I'ing'- Broad Rock.

1903.]

THE SOUTHEEI^ PLANTER.

581

Miscellaneous.

CLIMATIC FACTS, FIGURES AND FEATURES RE-
LATING TO THE MIDDLE ATLANTIC SEA-
BOARD.

Editor Soidhern Planter:

The one warm day for the summer ot 1903 was
96, on July 3d. The warmest day in Angiist so far
(18th instant) is 90. July gave xis only four inches
of rain, but it was nicely distributed throughout the
month in eight showers. Rain fell on lhe -Ith, Gth,
7th, 13th, 14th, 20th, 23d, and 31st ; seven days be-
ing the longest time between showers. With a heavy
dew at night, and four inches of rain well distribu-
ted, we manage to get along very well, although the
average rainfall for July for the past thirty-three
years has been .5.87 inches.

The greatest rainfall for July ever recorded was
10.69 inches, in 1889; the least ever recorded was
2.02 inches, in 1878. The average temperature for
July, 1903, was 79, which is exactly the average for
Jiily for past thirty-three years.

The rainfall for first half of August is a little less
than three inches. The average rainfall for August
for past thirty-three years has been .5.82 inches. The
greatest rainfall for August was in 1875, when 10.37
inches fell; the smallest rainfall for August was 1.74
inches.

The average rainfall for July and August com-
bined for past thirty-three years has been 11.69
inches per year, and the average niimber of rain^ for
the two months twenty. Just think of nearly twelve
inches of rain falling in twenty showers during sixty
days in midsummer, averaging one shower for each
three days.

More rain falls in July and August (two months)
than in December, January and February (three
months). That is the kind of a rainfall to have —
have it when you need it, and can use it to best ad-
vantage.

The average rainfall for December for the past
thirty-three years is 3.45 inches; for January, 3.32
inches, and for February, 3.80 inches, which equals
10.57 inches for the three winter months, and this is
1.12 inches less than for the two months of Julv and
August.

Plenty of these facts, figures and features are fur-
nished by the Government, showing the advantages
of a mild climate and a liberal and well distributed
rainfall.

Think of timothy hay selling here at twenty-one

dollars per ton retail, and clover at seventeen dollars
per ton, and such good soil as we have, and such good
growing weather for hay. It is a fact, that hay is
quoted in our markets to-day (18th August) as fol-
lows:

'No. 1 Timothy, $20 to $21 per ton.

:Nro. 1 Mixed, $19 per ton.

No. 2 Mixed, $18 per ton.

Clover, $17 per ton.

And thousands of acres of good hay lands here
lying idle. This condition of things pleads strongly
for immigration. The soil here, climate here, mark-
ets here, but the hay men are not here.

The market gardeners are here as good as can be
found anywhere, but the all-round farmer is not
here. "The all-wrtol-and-yard-wide-hay-seeded and
horny handed" stock and hay farmer is not here.
Therefore our surplus money goes to the West and
Northwest for hay, pork, beef, bi:tter, cheese, etc.,
which soil prodticts should all be made right here in
Eastern Virginia, near the sea. Right here on this
^Middle Atlantic seaboard.

One would think, that with the facts, figures and
features furnished by our Boards of Trade, always
before our people, showing our great purchases of
the ordinary farm staples from the far West, in con-
nection with our surplus lands lying idle, and with
the splendid advice and instruction given them, in
each and every issue of the Pt.antee, one would
think our people would, could, or should, wake up
to the necessity of doing something besides plodding
along in the peanut and tobacco ruts, made by their
grandfathers. But we fear thev are "wedded to
their idols" — peanuts and tobacco.

We'll h,ave to "let them alone" and turn hopefully
to the East. North and West for general farmers to
utilize our good lands lying idle, and raise thereon
the crops we now purchase outside the State.

Norfolk, Ya. A. Jeffers.

NO HAWKS.

Editor Southern Planter:

To kill all the hawks, take one or two broods of
chickens and mix strychnine with enough grease to
stick and grease the tops of the heads of the chickens,
and a little on the top of the back of the neck. Turn
these out and let the hawks catch them. Keep the
rest of hens and chickens up one or two days. There
will be no more trouble with hawks.

Campbell Co., Va. W. H. Mattox.

582

THE SOUTHEi:X Fl.AXTER.

[September

VIRGINIA FARMS.
Editor Southern Planter:

Having been a reader of vour journal for a mim-
ber of years, I have been impressed with the fact that
very little has ever been WTitten to the Plaxtek
from this sifction of Virginia, and from the nature
of the enquiries I have had for farms in answer to
my advertisement in your journal, and the multi-
plicity of questions asked. I am going to ask the privi-
lege of replying to a great many of these questions
by giving a short description of Fairfax county in
the Planter. If one will consulftlle map, it will
be seen that Fairfax county is one of the border
counties, lying aJpTip the south side of the Potomac
river, and ver\' near the District of Columbia. It
has a popul^iou.of about 20,000, and enjoys the
comfort of beiftjr out of debt, consequently has a low
rate of taxation, abSut f 1.10 on the $100. It has a
great variety of soils, adapted to all kinds and
classes of farming, such as trucking, fruit and her
ries. General farming, hogs, cattle and horses and
dairying.

Drainsville and Centreville districts lie in the
northern edge of the county, and join Loudoun
county. The soil of these districts is generally a
chocolate clay and loam, and has a stiff clay sub-
soil, and generally underlayed with a kind of rotten
limestone; it is exactly the same class of soil found
in ^lontgomery and Frederick counties, !^[d., and
cannot be excelled for com, wheat, oats and timothv
and clover. A great many of the farmers here aver-
age 75 bushels of corn per acre and t^vo tons of hay.
As a rule, the farmers who work are prosperous, and
have nice homes. Good homes can be bought here
ranging in prices from $12.50 to $50 per acre, and
the elevation is from four to five hundred feet above
the sea level.

I am asked why the same class of land is so much
cheaper in Virginia than it is in Maryland. This is

true, and is due to the fact that while the natural
quality of the soil is about the same, the ^Maryland
land has been fai'med better, and is in a higher state
of improvement as a whole. The 5[aryland side of
the Potomac river has enjoyed advantages of the
city markets that the Virginia side did not. It has
only been a few years since the bridge across the river
from the Virginia side into Washington was made a
free bridge, and it was during the last session of (.'on-
gi-ess that the electric car lines were granted the right
to cross this bridge from Virginia into Washington;
now we have three (o) sej^arate corporations build-
ing and operating electric roads in Fairfax county,
and we hope by this fall to see these roads all crossing
the bridge into the city, so you can see that under
these circumstances Virginia lands have not been so
much in demand as they should have been, consider-
ing their proximity to the city. Before the civil
war the \'irginia lands here were owned in large
estates, say from 500 to 1,500 acres in an estate, and
worked by slaves, and when the war was ended some
of these large estates were left without labor or money
to operate them, and if any of the sons of these large
freeholders were fortunate enough to return from the
war, they had not been taught and had no practical
experience in fanning, and the resiilt was these large
estates ' which, as a rule, had been stripped of every-
thing Ijv the armies of both sides) were left to groV
up in timber, or to be farmed by renters, and being
situated so near a good market, naturally these ten-
ants hauled all grain, hay, etc., to market, and there-
by robbed the land of its living, by not feeding it at
home. After this condition of affairs had lasted for
fifteen to twenty years men from Xorth and other
sections of the country came here and bought land
cheap, and begaii improving it by the method of
dairying and stock raising, and these improved lands
will equal any in the State in the production of grain
and hay, and I believe I speak correctly when I say
that Fairfax and Loudoun counties are to-day pro-

1903.]

THE SOUTHEEN PLANTER

583

ducing more milk, beef, pork and horses than any
other two counties in the State of the same size.
Dtiring the year beginning Jnne 2d, 1902, and end-
ing .Time 1 ^, 190?i, the records of the clei-k's oiRce
show that 485 deeds wei'e recorded for the transfer of
real estate in Fairfax county, and a majority of the
purchasers are from other counties in the State, such
as Wj-the, Pulaski, Tazewell, Highland, Kockbridge,
Augusta, "Rockingham, Page, Clarke and Loudoun
counties. Farmers are selling their lands in these
counties for good prices, and coming here and buying
equally as productive lands for less money, and get-
ting the advantages of better prices for their produce,
and with the probability of a rapid advance in the
value of these lands each year. We enjoy the best
of railroad accommodation : the Bluemont division of
the Southern Railroad gives us ten local passenger
trains a day, and in the very near future we expect to
be hauling a great deal of our farm products into
Washington and Baltimore on the electric railroads.
Our county highways are nearly all level, and usually
good, and under our new road law, and the "good
roads spirit," among our people, we expect soon to
have them very gi-eatly improved. Wlien one travels
over this section and sees the miles of trenches and
breastworks dug and oast up by those who wore the
"blue and gray." it serves to teach us (who were too
yoiing to participate in those battles) something of
the enormity of the struggle, and we can give thanks
to the God of oxxv fathers that our country is at
peace, and that the children of the North and the
South are living here together in peace and unity,
hoping that the awfulness of that struggle may never
be repeated.

With this I hand you a picture of a Fairfax farm
buildings, which, I trust, will serve to make an im-
pression upon some of your readers, as to what Fair-
fax has. This farm has 300 acres of highly im-
]iroved land, and will harvest this year something
like two tons of hay per acre on seventy acres. Pas-
tures 40 cows and 10 horses, 7.5 acres in corn and 20
acres in v.'heat

each 100 pounds of pork produced, or about 1,210
pounds of meal saved by three-sixteenths of an acre
of rape. All pig weights mentioned are live weight.
IMany other lots have been fed similarly with similar
results. In 11102 sixty pigs were fed on an acre and
a half. In addition to the rape pasture about 500
pounds of meal was required for each pig from wean-
ing time to an average of 185 pounds live weight in
October or November.

VIRGINIA AS A HOME.

Editor Southern Planter:

Nothing has tended so much to the hindrance of
Virginia progress, since her new dispensation or
emaaicipation, than outside misconception of her
social status and the diversity of the topographv from
the breaking offthe ocean waves to the crests of the
Alleghany mountains. Many English and Northern
men have stepped on the trains at Virginia depots
Avho, if they had been content with a quiet, economi-
cal country home, and a safe investment in interest-'"*"'*!,
bearing secuq,ties, would have left a posterity at-
tached to'the soil. The whole , or the greater part
of the trouble jpras that they would farm ; would farm
under conditi in which the man to the manor born
saw failuri' I himself, then what hope for the

greenhorn — a hope vanished with his capital. He
thought he coijI^, SHCi^eed where all else failed. Of
course there ^6 /e'x.ceptions, alas how few! to prove
the rule.

Had Virgi^a been allowed to explain, or rather
had the newcomer been open to receive explanation,
she would have pointed out the suitability of her
Tidewater districts for trucking; of the Piedmont
for fruit, and |he Valley and mountains at its back
for grazing — i. e., the pre-eminence of each of the
sections for those prominent enterprises — Pullaski

wishes to wager on the weight of a lamb — but will it
Our wheat crop is not well filled | bet on the size of a fish or water melon ? Not but

this year, but corn promises to be tine. I have had
several inquiries as to the best method of applying
lime. T will give the experience of some of the best
of our farmers on this subject next month.

Fo.uquier Co., Ya. W. E. Mit.ler.

PIGS ON RAPE.

On the experimental farm, in one instance, says
the Farmer's Advocate of London, Ont., six pigs were
pastured from August 14th till snow of 1900 on
three-sixteenths of an acre of rape. To produce 100
pounds of pork only 200 pounds of meal was required
in addition to the rape. The average amount of meal
required for 100 pounds of pork is 425 pounds

that lambs, melons and fish for that matter can be
raised all o\-er Yirginia, still to excel they have their
sectional partialities. Possibilities are one thing,
but M-ell recognized accreditments are safer gTound.
Piedmont Virginia is becoming known as pre-
eminently a home for those who insist upon as favor-
able a climate as can be all round got in the Northern
Hemisphere of this orb ; desire cultured societv, and
whilst interesting themselves in a country home,
look upon farming as an occupation, though not one
to be allowed to grow into an anxiety. There are no
politics such as drive multi-millionaires to seek peace
in Europe; they being in Virginia reduced to mere
family squabbles. The lavish and the economic cati

The . . ,

use of rape, therefore, saved 156 pounds of meal on each comply with their tastes, enjoying the peaceful

584

THE SOUTHERN PLANTER.

[September

ness of a well-ordereH community withoTit its cut and
dried feeling, seeing that Virginia offers a field for
the pleasure of metamorphosizing.

Those who wish to invest in the soil, and are will-
ing and able to hold the plow and milk the cow. will
find a much more congenial state of circumstancr-s
than twenty-five or thirty years ago in the mixed
agricultnre districts. White lahor is predominating,
so there is a congeniality whieli was lacking. Tra-
ditions draw a smile, and if the new comer is wise in
his generation he will give more heed to future pnis
pert than expectation founded on past resiilts ; for
insects, crossing oceans, continents and investigating
islands, it would be strange indeed if they shunned
the bright lands of fair Virginia. So he who reaps
must not only, these times, sow, but fight, if not
against the aggrieved savage or wild beast, against
the more insidious enemy, with consolation, however,
that the whole army of agricultural martyrs are in
the fight.

The best and truest point to get a view of modern
Virginia is not from statistics, but at local horse
shows, where a well dressed, orderly, largely pre-
dominating Anglo-Saxon crowd, drawing its support
directly from the soil, and not yet thickened by
manufacture, is to be encountered. Why, Virginia's
quite a pretty country, with its red rolling hills in
their many tints, exclaimed an English lady, I ex-
■ peeted to find America agriculturally a network of
ugly, flat sections, but Virginia farms would make
lovely parks. W. M.

Albe7narle Co., Va.

THE POLAND CHINA HOG.

Editor Soufhern Planter:

There are so few genuine Poland (Jhina hogs in
the South that the Southern farmer has never been
really awakened to his merit as a money maker. The
Poland China is undoubtedly the easiest hdg to fat-
ten that we have, and consequently the most profit-
able. In the West they have long since earned for
themselves the title of mortgage lifter, and wherever
else pro])erly bred and cared for have proven their
right to this title. They are good for lard, and
equally as good for liacon. To those who have thor-
oughly tested the bacon of the different breeds of pure
bred swine, the fact must be evident that the bacon
of the Poland China hog is excelled by none. The
Poland China has no superior as a grazer, and at the
same time he is quiet; not restless and rougish like
some. His general appearance indicates docility.
His ears flap, and do not stand erect like those of a
jackass, ever on the lookout for a hole to get through

or low places to get over. The Poland China's whole
disposition seems to be bent on finding something to
eat, and then a place to lie down, snooze and make
money for his owner. In my opinion, the South
need never hope to furnish its own meat and lard
supply until more attention is given to this gi-eat
lireed of sw!!ie. If properly bred and cared for it
will do for the Southern farmer what it has done for
the Western farmer — that is, raise his mortgages and
make him contented with his calling; for where there
is a big profit there is generally contentment.
Alhemarle Co., Ya. ' X. Y. Z.

COMBINATION AUCTION SALE.

For the Distribution of Breeding and Other

Classes of Animals.
Editor Soidhern Planter:

It is recognized by all breeders of live stock that
in order to produce good animals we must use only
good sires of the proper type and bred in proper
lines. At certain seasons of the year the breeder
and farmer is on the lookout for pure bred stock for
breeding purjioses, and naturally prefers to buy in a
market where he has a large and varied choice with-
out huckstering, the seller also benefitting by getting
the fiill value of his animals as determined by public
competition. The combination sale we held July
30th we hope to follow up periodically, and though
we looked for no great success at starting, yet at the
recent sale nine months' Polled Angus Bulls made
up to $90, 2 months' Berkshire pigs to $9-, and
Hampshire Down rams from $2.5 for two shear
sheep to $7.-50 for lambs. We had calls for Here-
fords and Shropshires, which, on account of the heat
of the weather, though entered, were not on hand.

Orange Co., Va. [Macon & Co.

We should like to see more of these public sales in
the various sections of the South. They would help
farmers and stock breeders. — Ed.

GOVERNMENT WHITEWASH.

Slack half a bushel of good, fresh lime in boiling
water, keeping it covered during the process. Strain
it and add a jieck of salt dissolved in 'water, three
pounds of ground rice boiled to a thin paste, half a
]iound of powdered Spanish whiting and a pound of
clear glue dissolved in warm water. Mix these well
together, and let the mixture stand for several days.
Keep the wash thus prepared in a kettle or portable
furnace, and put on as hot as possible. This wash
is nearly as durable as paint on wood or stone in the
open air.

1903.]

THE SOUTHERN PLANTER.

601

We are Going to ■■■^l^MBI^^^HH^HB

^nvoa . CHATHAM FANNING MILL

On 60 Days' Approval

to convince yoD of its saperiority over any fanning naill yon ever heard
of. If that isn't long enough time we will take yourTliree VearsNote.
WK KNOW what the Chatham will do for you, how much money it
will make, how much it wilt save yon, how strong it is, how easily it runs
and the perfect work it accomplishes. It will clean and grade your
seed trrain, will enable you to sell your clean ^ain at the top price, will
save the timothy seed from the yearly crop of grain, save the screenings
for fi»ed for your stock. The Chatham will clean and grade any
kind of seed or grain. The new bagging attachment saves the work of
one man. We have already sold OVER one hundred thousand (100,000)
of them in every part of the 0. S. and Canada, and are not going to stop
until we place one in the Iiands of every farmer, stock raiser and seeds-
man in North America. We want yon to send us your name and address.
We will then send you tbe most instructive book, free,

"How to Make Dollars Out of Wind.

It tells ways of making easy money that you never tbougbt
of. We will also outline our THKEE YEARS'

Plau of selling you a Chatham. It will surprise you
by its liberality and convince you that we believe in our
mill. It gives you a chance to let the mill pay you before
you pay us for the mill.

Here are some of the things others have done with the
help of the Chatham Fanning mill:

Fred Dletz, Kansomville, N. Y., got 1108 cash for timothy
seed out of his wheat, and dldn' t know there was any there.

O.E.Perkins, Hallsport, N.Y., got $550 more for 1000 bushels
of wheat than his neighbor did. FerklnB used the Chatham:
oelghbor didn't-

D. M.Betbune. Betbune. S. 0.. obtains SI extra on every
100 pounds of rice by using the Obatbam.

Now nrite as and get that free book and our

proposition to make yon money. Address

Ji/GH Shoals Manufacturinq Company,

YARNS, SUiKTlNGS, CfciJ!:CK.S, STRjJ>ES. ETC

Igenla for Chaihan Fanning Ui\lo,<^^y^ ^pa/». ^a.„ «ay 25th, 1903

Athens, Ga ,

Gent lament

The Chatham Fanning Mill bought
than I first thought. As you know I did
I had begun

.3. I fani

I planting cai

the Panning Mill ^

f you la by far a Dore valuable

machine until
ton. When the Fanning Hill arrived, in order
f the remainder of the seed of ay

that I can afford to do without this mai
for It. I have had several of my neighl
speak In the highest of terms so far as
used It on ootton seed and fanning peas
think of doing without it at even twice
Vours
Plot, to V. G.

a difference. In addition to
of the seed. I do not think

von at double the price I paid
fan their seed and they all

an see at present. I have ooly

3 stated above I vould not

116 Wesson Avenue, Detroit, Mich.

A CHEERFUL VIEW.

Two men who had been sitting to-
gether in the seat near the door of a
railway car became engaged in an ani-
mated controversy, and their loud
voices attracted the attention of all
the other passengers. Suddenly one of
them rose, and said, "Ladies and gen-
tlemen, I appeal to you to decide a dis-
puted point. My friend here insists
that not more tian three people out of
every five believe they have souls. I
take a more cheerful view of humanity
than that. AVill all of you who be-
lieve you have souls raise your right
hands?"

Every hand went up.

"Thank you." he said, with a smile.
Keep them up just a minute. Now
will all of you who believe in a here-
after raise your left hands also?"

"Thank you," he said. "Now, while
all of you have your hands raised," he
continued, drawing a pair of revolvers,
and levelling them, "my friend here
will relieve you of whatever valuable
articles you may have." — Implement
Trade Journal.

A neat Binder for your back num-
bers can be had tor 25 cents. Address
our Business Office.

SUNNY HOME HERD OF

ABERDEEN-ANGUS CATTLE.

Baron Roscboy, B7666, by the great Gay Blackbird, dam by Bulalles Eric, 2d prize
yearling at Columbian Exposition, 1893, heads the herd. Pedigree means only the tracing
of good or bad qualities through several generations. The animals comprising this herd
are direct descendants of the greatest prize-winners of the breed for the past twenty-flve
years. Does this mean anything to you, who are in neod of an animal of this the GREAT-
EST BEEF BREED? If so, come and see the best lot of calves we ever bred, or write.

A L. FRENCH, Proprietor, R. F. D. 2 , Byrdville, Va.

(Note change of P. O. address),
Depot and shipping point, Fitzgerald, N. C, on D. & W. R'y, 24 miles southwest of Dan-
ville. Va.

VIRGINIA DIVISION.

Farmers Mutual Benefit Association

A Fire Insurance Association, chartered by the State of Virginia, for
farmers, under an amended and well protected plan.

Insures in counties surrounding and accessible to Richmond, against Fire
and Lightning, only country property — no stores or unsafe risks. Policy-holders
amply secured — all legitimate losses paid. Average cost per year less than other
plans, and a great saving to farmers. Amount of property now Insured, $330,000,
and increasing yearly. Estimated securiey in real and other estate, $750,000.

For further information, address, CHAS. N. FRIEND, General Agent,

MENTION THIS JOUKNAL. CHESTER, VIRGINIA.

602

THE SOUTHEKX PT.AXTER.

[ September

SWEET POTATOES.

A pamphlet, "Cultivation and Storase
of Sweet Potatoes." gives, as is be-
lieved, a more practical plan for keeping
potatoes than any other that has here-
tofore been placed before the people.
Important and valuable information
that is not contained in any other
known publication is here given. Po-
tatoes can thus easily be kept in good
eonditlon 12 months or longer. The
pamphlet is worth, even to life-long po-
tato growers, much more than the
price asked.

A. F. Funderburg. Dudley, S. C, in
speaking of this pamphlet, says: "I
would not lake ten times its cost for
it."

The pamphlet has been Introduced
Into 19 States and 3 Territories. The
plans are simple and easily understood.
They can be made available for old
style potato houses, or for new ones,
specially built, preferably the latter.
Order now. Do not delay.

Price. 50 cents, postpaid. Address
BRYAN rV'SON,
Carthage. N. C.

I have a few copies of a formula for
excluding moth from beehives that
will be sent, as long as they last, with-
out charge, to those who request it.
B. T.

THE WORLD'S BEST JERSEYS.

Best of Cows in Illinois in Training for

World's Fair Dairy Test.

The most valuable herd of Jersey cat-
tle ever assembled at any one point
may be seen on a model farm at Jersey-
vlUe. Jersey county. 111. The worth of
this herd can only be approximated,
for the cattle are not for sale. An of-
fer of $1.5,000 for a single member was
promptly declined, and not an animal
would bring less than $500 if placed on
the market to-day.

The cows are the property of Indi-
vidual members of the American Jer-
sey Cattle Club, and they are assembled
because they are the best qualified 'o
make up a herd that will represent the
Jersey breed in the great dairy demon-
stration arranged for the World's Fair
at St. Louis in 1904 by F. D. Coburn,
Chief of Live Stock.

Unequalled care and attention is be-
ing given these cattle. No athlete
trained for an event requiring the de-
velopment of strength, endurance and
skill ever received more attention than
is being bestowed on these full-blood
Jerseys. When the Louisiana 1'urcha.se
Exposition opens its gates on April
SOth next year the herd will have be^n
in constant training for a full year,
and will be in the pink of condition.

Twenty-five cows will participate in
the test at the World's Fair and fif-
teen cows are held in reserve, to be
substituted should occasion require.
Great caution and judgment was exer-
cised in the selection of these candi-
dates. The committee was free to se-
lect from any of the 250.000 registered
Jerseys In America, and the animals

k

ARMOUR'S BLOOD MEAL'^r."

First proved by the Kansas Ag^ricnltural Experiment Station, and sine*

corroborated by thousands of leading stockmen who have nsed it without

a single failure. Equally effective for the diarrhea of all animals.

PREVENTS weak bones, paralysis of the hind legs and "thmnps"

in pigs; "big head" of foals; "rickets" of all young animals}

abortion due to incomplete nutrition, and a host of other troubles.

A Potent Food for Work Horses, Dairy Cows, Poultry.

Write us for booklet giving valuable Information about Blood Meal and our
other feeding products. Consult us free of charge regarding stock diseases.

THE ARMOUR FERTILIZER WORKS,
Chloaso. Omaha. Baltimore. Atlanta. Jaoksonvllls.

Reg. HOLSTEIN-FRIESIAN

CATTLE of the Netherland, De Kol, Clothilda, Pietertje

and Artis families. Heavy milkers aud rich in butter

fat. Stock of all ages for sale.

Reg. BERKSHIRES

From noted strains. Imported Headlight, Lord
-Highclere and Sunrise.

DORSET SHEEF^

B. PLYMOUTH ROCK CHICKENS,

N. & W. and Southern R. R. T. O. SANDY, Burkevllle, Va.

WE OFFER

<*

a few well-bred registered Jersey
Bull and heifer Calves at $30 each.
They are four months old and from best strains of this
breed ; also a few young Berkshire boars large enough
for service at $15 each, and pigs eight weeks old at $6
each — by pair or trio, not akin.

M. B. ROWE & CO.,

Fredericksburg, Va

»:jacxjc>>>>>>>:i»>:«>;«>.>>>>;je«y>>>>>>>;>>«>i>»>>:ie>:i^^

NOW IS THE TIME to buy HOLSTEINS from the Ury Farm Herd.

Ury Alwina Count I'aul De Kol: De Kol iml Biilter Boy Srd Xo. 2, and Lord Harford De Kol head
our herd. You know their official backing. There is nothing better. 15 bull calves at bargain
I>riees. Their dams are of the De Kol, Aaggle, Netherland, Pietertje and Clothide strains and are o.
the producing kind. The best bulls are sold young; also a few cows and heifers. Choice ENGLISH
BERKSHIRE pigs of the best strains. Before buying, correspond with or visit

THOS. FASSITT & SONS, Sylmar, Md.

f positively guarantee to breed
:tna -liip the \ KKV liK>T strains of

M
thoroiiL'lihreJ rejiistered LARGE
ENGLISH BERKSHIRE
Hogs fur LESS MONEY than any other
firm in the U. S., the .superiority of our
stock considered Send us your order
and we will satisfy you lioth in price
and stock. WALTER B. FLEMING.

Proprietor of the Bridle Creek Stock Farm, Warrenton. N. C.

1903.]

THE SOUTHERN PLANTER.

603

thus come from all sections of the
United States.

The owners of the cattle are prosper-
ous and they and the Jersey Club to
which they belong determined to spare
no expense in making a perfect show-
ing. The cows selected from widely
separated points, some coming from
Maine and some from Oregon, some
from the North and others from the
South, could not give satisfactory re-
sults until they were accustomed to the
St. Louis climate, so a point near St.
Louis was desired for assembling the
herd, and as A. C. Auten, of Evanston,
III., a member of the Club, tendered
the use, gratuitously, of his 400-acre
farm on the outskirts of Jerseyville,
his proposition was accepted.

This farm, JO miles from St. Louis,
and one of the best in Illinois, has been
pronounced ideal fo: the purpose, snd
there the work of getting the Jerseys
in condition is .going forward.

C. T. Graves, of Maitland. Mo., a
well-known breeder of Jersey cattle,
and an expert on all points pertaining
to the dairy, was selected to take
charge of operations, and with his
family he moved to JerseyviUe early
in 1903 and began the interesting worlc.
It was planned to construct on Mr,
Auten's farm a model dairy and acces-
sories, and under Mr. Graves' personal
directions this has been done.

First he designed a cow stable, which
was completed early in July, and it is
probable that not another barn in the
world is as complete in every respect
as this. It is a square with stable
wings on the north and west. The
north wing has stalls for 24 cows, and
the west wing has stalls tor 12 cows
and six roomy box stalls.

The barn and stables are marvels of
convenience and cleanliness. An elec-
tric plant, in a separate building, fur-
nishes light and power. The numerous
windows are perfectly screened, and
electric fans, numerously placed, keep
the air in constant motion. There are
no unpleasant odors, and the stalls
extend the full length of the wings.
The cows are so placed that their heads
are at the rows of windows, aud the
air they breathe is always pure and
fresh from the fragrant fields. The
floors are all concrete. Between the
rows of cows, at their rear, is a grani-
toid passage way, affording the cows'
caretakers plenty of room to work at
feeding and milking time.

The man.gers are also of concrete,
and are different from anything ever
before designed. The walls slope to-
ward the cow's head, and while the
tendency is for the animals to push
the food away from her, the sloping
walls bring it right b.ii-k," A gate is
at the cow's head. It is so arranged
that it may be put forward or back
so as to fit the cow's length, and keep
her rear hoofs on the edge of the floor
of the stall, adjoining which is a gut-
ter. A chain at the back passes under
the hollow of the cow's rear legs, pre-
venting her from stepping into the
gutter, which slopes toward the centre.

ABERDEEN ANGUS HEIFERS

-^^^■^in Calf and Registered Bulls.

I expect to make another trip to the great X. I T, Ranch in the Pan Handle
of Texas about November 1st, and will purchase heifers for those who wish them
by the car load, A personal acquaintance extending over a period of more than
ten years with the superintendent of this great ranch, places me in position to
purchase cattle to great advantage; in fact, few men in the North and West can
buy females at all. I brought 1552 yr. old heifers to North Carolina last fall, they
have given the best of satisfaction- 90 per cent, of them raising tine, lusty calves
as fine formed, as pure breda and not a non-breeder in the lot. The cdttle are
very HIGH GRADE, pure bred bulls only having been used on this 3.000,000
acre ranch for 14 years. The heifers have never been fed or sheltered, will weigh
about 800 lbs., hearty and strong— all black and hornless, as near alike as so
many peas. Steer calves from this ranch have been seUlng at $20 and $21 each
in lots of from 100 to 5 000 for several years, '

Here is an opportunity for the cattle men of the South to secure cows that are
so much sought after in the great cattle markets. The heifers will cost $30 each
at the ranch, and about $7 each will land them at your station. My commission
IS $1 per head and expenses, (expense very little) for personally selecting, ship-
ping, caring for and feeding cattle enroute.

Terms: calh at time I start for ranch. 30 cows constitute a car load. Inter-
ested parties can see some of these cattle at the farms of Mr. L. Banks, Holt
Graham. N. C, or at our farms at Fitzgerald, N. C.

Send me your orders, will have to get my order within four weeks. Write

A. L. FRENCH, Fitzgerald, N. C, or R. F. D. 2, Byrdville, Va.

POLAND

CHINAS.

I have a limited number of pigs by
my fine boars Gray's Big Chief, 57077; QRAY'S BIQ CHIEF, 57077.

and Victor G, 57075, and can furnish pairs not akin or related to those previously
purchased. Young boars and sows of all ages. Send to headquarters aud get the
best trom the oldest and largest herd of Poland-Chinas in this State at one-half
Western prices. Address J. B. GRAY, Fredericksburg, Va.

BERK5HIRES.

Mr. H, F, Stratton of Erin, Houston
Co.. Tenn., writes me on Aug. 15th 1903:

"The little pig just received is a beauty,
I am delighted with him — wouldn't take
twice twenty dollars for him He is thor-
oughly patrician. I expect great things
from him at the head of my herd of Royal Berkshires."

So send to Thos. S White for patrician pigs rather than buy plebeians for a little
legs, do not be "penny wise and pound foolish," and especially in thoroughbreds.
I have had 13 sows to farrow in past few days with over 20 more nearly due, order
promptly for fall shipments, I never have enough to go round.
Short Horn (Durham Cattle) for sale. Write for particulars.

THOS. S. WHITE, Fassifern Stock Farm, Lexington, Va.

When corresponding with our advertisers always mention the
Southern Planter.

604

THE SOUTHE RX T'T^AXTER.

[September

On the Jersey farm there is a cream-
er}', and many other conveniences, all
of which will be duplicated, or im-
proved upon, when the World's Fair
stables are erected for the final test.

In all former tests at international
expositions the stables have not been
open to the public. At St. Louis • ifc-
foot promenade extends around the
barn, and the visitor may see every
cow and may observe the feeding and
TDilking A screen protects the ani
mals. behind which no one save the
attendants can go.

Everv ounce of food and water given
each cow will be carefully welghea ani
a record kept.

A huge silo will be built adjoinin;;
the stables. A field of 20 acres of corn
is now growing near Clayton, and this
will be stored in the great silo for food
next summer. Alfalfa will also be
brought from Colorado.

All feeding and milking will be done
In the stable. The milk will be turned
over to the Dairy Department, and in
a model dairy in the Palace of Agricul-
ture it will be converted into buttor
and cheese and a careful record of each
cow's participation in the test will be
kept.

With the herd will be Flying Fox.
the famous Jersey bull owned by Thos.
W. Lawson. of Boston. Mr. Lawson
recently refused an offer of fl.i.OOO for
the bull.

Among the prominent Jersey cattle
breeders who have made entries are
C. I. Hood, of Lowell. Mass.. and Geo.
Vanderbilt. of Biltmore, N. C.

VOUCHED FOR HER.
In a certain mountain town lived a
little boy of four, who was very muc-h
frightened at the thought of a bear —
in fact, it was the only animal or
thing he was afraid of^ — and his niothor
in trying to keep him from running
Into the street and playing in the ini-
gating ditches, and wandering away to
a little unkept park, told him he must
not go, for there were bears there.
This frightened William, and the fnl-
lowint; day he sat on the dcorstep in
a very ijniet and thoughtful mood.
When asked by the village clergyman,
who was passing by, why he did not go
out and play, William replied. "I must
not go out of the gate, for there are
bears in the roads and down in the
park." The minister laughingly re-
plied. "No. there's no bears anywhere
around," but William insisted that
there were, as his mamma had told him
that there were. The minister said.
"Let's go in and ask mamma about it,'
and mamma had to acknowledge that
she had simply told William that to
keep him from running away from
home. When alone with the little bov
the mother said, "William, mamma is
Borry that she told you a story about
the bears, and I guess we had better
ask God to forgive her," whereupon
William said. "Mamma, you had bettor
let me ask God. for maybe He wouldn't
believe you." — Eva Pierce Finch, in
September Lipplncott'a.

■,ii_^ii.il^^^H.p ■.»..■. w^^^^^i^tL^^l. *C^

CHAMPION PRINCE [
RUPERT No. 79,539,
.... at head of herd

HEREFORDS

A Few High Class Bulls and Calves For Sale.

EDWARD G. BUTLER,

Write me

before buying

elsewhere.

Send for

Illustration of

Prince Rupert.

Qegistereu VEBEFOP GIIITLL

Service Bulls; Imported Salisbury 76059 (19083). Lars Jr. 85297.

FOR SALE — A choice lot of bull calves and yearling buUs. The bull calves sold recently
weighed 600 lbs. at 6 mos old. Call and make your own selection Prices right.

MURRAY BOOCOCK, Owner, Keswick, Va.

I ■ I 1 I I I 1

Bacon Hall Farm.

Hereford REGISTERED Cattle

"TOP" BREEDING, CALVES NOT AKIN.
MOTTO— Satisfaction or no sale.

E. M. QILLET & SON, = Qlencoe, Haryland.

" " " ' "^"^ ' 1 1 ■ I ■ ip^

333

SHROP8HIR* SHEEP.— Buck!, one year old and over, 815 to S20. Back Lambs, Jnl7 dellrerr,
110 to tl2. Ewe Lambs, July delivery, $8 and flO.

M. BRONZE TURKEYS.— Toms, $t. Hens, $3. Eggs, pet sitting of 12, when In season, $4.
MUSCOVY OUCKS.—Pure White Drakes, 81.26. Pure White Ducks, 81. Pairs, 82.25. Trios, fS.
BARRED PLYMOUTH ROOKS.

ROUEN QBESB.— Ganders, 82.50. Gease, 82.50. Eggs, per sitting, 83.
WILLIAM L., Jr.. No. 21058, half brother of Axtell, will serve a limited number of mares ior^»

tb« season. Mares boarded at lowest figures per month.

1903.]

THE SOUTHERN PLANTER.

605

DIVIDED IN TASTE.

One morning, as Judge C, of N. Co.,
Va., was starting for the town, he was
approached by one of his negroes, who.
with more or less confusion, asked:

"Massa, when yo' goes to do Cot
House will yo' git me a license? I's
gwine to be mar'ed,"

"Married, are you, Sam? All right."
called the Judge as he hastily drove off.
Arrived at the court-house, he spent a
very busy day. and it was not until he
was preparing to leave that he remem-
bered Sam's license and realized th.it
he had not been told the name of the
bride-elect.

"The old idiot, he never told me who
he wants to carry, but, of course. It's
Lucinda: he's always making eyes at
her." So saying he returned to the
court-house and had the license made
out in the names of Sam and Lucinda.
Sam was the first to greet him upon
his return with the inquiry:

"Git my license, Massa?"

"Yes, Sam, you old fool. You didn't
tell me who you want to marry, but I
remembered how you're always hang-
ing around courting Lucinda and got
the license in her name."

"Lawd, Massa!" exclaimed Sara,
" 'taint Lucindy. it's Kyarline. "What's
I gwine ter do. Massa?"

"Well." said the Judge, "the only
thing will be for ine to get another
license to-morrow."

"Massa," said Sam, "did yo' pay any-
t'ing fur dem license?"

"Yes, Sam, a dollar and seventy-five
cents."

"Will anuther license cos' anyt'ing?"
asked Sam.

"Yes, Sam, a dollar and seventy-five
cents more," reeplied the Judge.

After scratching his woolly pate for
a few minutes Sam replied:

"Well, Massa, I done axed Kyarline
an' she sed 'Yase,' but fo' de Lawd,
dere ain't no dollar an' seventy-five
cents' difference in dem two niggers,
so I'H jus' take Lucindy." — Prudence
Baxter, in September Lippincott's.

The artist wrote from New York to
the farmer with whom he spent the
summer: "I have sold for $150 that
picture I painted of your cow.'

"Think of it. Maria." the good man
said to his wife as he read the letter.
'Why. I'd have sold the cow herself
for $75!"

"What did you let that little fellow
call you a liar for?"

"Oh. I never fight a smaller man
than myself. There's no glory in lick-
ing him — and there's always the possi-
bility that I might get licked."

Judge: Then, sir, when .vou were be-
ing assaulted, why did you not call for
an officer?

Witness: Call a policeman, your hon-
or? Wasn't I assaulted sufficiently as
It was?

Mention the Southern Planter when
corresponding with adTertlsere.

ROSEMONT HEREFORDS.

Assisted by Marquis of Salisbury 16th 138894, the best son of

imp. Salisbury. Correspondence solicited. Visitors welcome.

C. E. CLAPP. Berryville, Clarke Co., Va.

JOHIVr S. FUIffK,

GLEN FARM,

PORTER AND BREEDER OF—

Polled

Durham

Cattle,

Shropshire Sheep,

Southdown Sheep,

Poland-China Hogs. Berkshire Hogs. All carefully bred regardless of cost.
SINGER'S GLEN, VA.

DEDERICK'S

The Hind to Buy
They always Satisfy

Dederick's Columbian

THE LATEST BOX BALING PRESS

made, which has many advantages no other box
press possesses. In construction, adaption of
power, economy and utility, it is a wonder.
For full detailed description, price, etc., of this
and many others, send for our z'rff catalogue-
it will save you m.oney— Send to-day.

P. K, DEDERICK'S SONS,76Tlvoll St-TATbanyT

Best Machine on the Farm

Farmers who have used the

Improved Low Down Pennsylvania
Force Feed Fertilizer Grain Drill

various sizes with either hoe or disc. We-wiU send
you FKEE a special book telling all al)Out it and
what it has done 1o ni;ike better paying crops.
Adapts itself to all conditions. Address
A. B. FARQUHAR CO.. Ltd.. York, Pa.

T STANDS FOR BIG CROPS

For uniform dillliii^- of
per acre for grans s. rd
lumpy, damp or dry ferti _

SPANGLER

STANDARD EVERYWHERE '

ULLY WARRANTED.

nothing equals tlie

Low- Down

Grain and Ferfiizer

positive force feed f'>r fertilizer, grain and trrassseed. D

any depth, perfect rek'nlation. low steel or wood frame. Itighi
Easy to fill and opc-rale. Light
buymtj. %Vrite f^r l ree catalogue.
501 gXTEEN STREET, YORK, PA.

heels with hr . . __
draft. Investigate bpfo
SPANGLER MANFG. CO.,

Prof. JOHN srENCKK. Veterinaria

Chloro-Naptholeum Dip

" Insures the Destructions of Mites. Outbreaks which have come under our notice have
been thoroughly stamped out by dipping In a 2 per cent solution of C'hioro Naptholeum Dip."

Ifyou've tried It you know how good it is, if you haven't, try it now. tine GbIIod sent pre-
paid upon receipt of S1.50. money order or checl:. Booklet free. It can make money for you.
F. V. GUNN & CO., Richmond, Va.. Agts. Va. & N. C. • The WEST DISINFECTING CO., Inc.. Mtrs.

606

THE SOUTHERN PLANTER.

[September

THE PHILOSOPHY OF FELIX O.
PRYME.

In order to be popular, forget to say
a good deal.

The way to make a man forget a fa-
vor is 10 do him one.

Boomerangs and evil thoughts act in
a similar fashion.

A big heart usually goes with a liis:
body, but a big bead rarely does.

Wisdom is always conceded to a rich
man until he loses his riches.

Do not emphasize your own virtues
by enlarging on the failings of others

The most depressing humidity is th;u
caused by the tears of a woman.

A genius is a man who refuses to
believe in the impossibilities of oth-;r
people.

A safe way to judge a man is to as-
certain just what friends he doesn't
make.

No marriage ceremony has ever been
gone through without a hitch — of bride
and groom.

Some men who take a post-graduate
course are. in the long run, glad to be-
come letter carriers.

The claims to wisdom of owls and a
multitude of men rest upon their looks,
and nothing more.

The heartache of many a widow has
been tempered by the reflection that
she looks her best in black

To get rid of a hoTe. ask him to re
peat his longest and favorite story
twice. Even he cannot stand that.

A fool is generally a person who de-
tects your faults while you are in the
act of calling attention to his own.

The grievance of not a few women
against their husbands is that the lat-
ter give them no ground for grievances

The success of an amateur gardener
often depends upon the numbe^nd the
appetites of his neighbor's chickens.

Only a smart man can conceal from a
■woman the fact that he isn't as smart
as he would wish her think he is.

If we could draw checks as easily as
we draw unkind inferences, automo-
biles would be as common as sparrows.

One of the curious things about a
man who wants to borrow money from
you to-day is his eager determination
to repay It to-morrow.

There are three stages in the exist-
ence of the average man when he is of
particular Interest to his community —
viz.. at his birth, marriage and funeral.
— Success.

TAIL OF A TWISTED TALE.
A man once owned a balky mule

That blandishments resisted.
And, losing patience, he grabbed hold

Upon his tail and twisted.
Whereupon the mule looked back on
him

In mild, reproving sorrow.
And If the sad remains come down.

His funeral's to-morrow.

FOR SALE-Pure-bred Beaj^Ie pupof

the finest liun till!: strain. Will be read v
for hunting this fall. C. T. SM ITH,

Croston, Caroline Co., Va.

EMPIRE DRILLS

ACCLRATELY MEASURE

ALL KINDS OF GRAIN

WITHOUT CHANGE.

That is, if you set the Empire

Feed to sow any amount from '24

to 128 quarts per acre, it will sow

exactly that amount of wheat,

oats or any other small grain

without further change. A good

stand of grain is assured,when you

»w with an Empire Drill.

Empire Grain Drills do not bunch,

) or choke. Hade in all styles and size^.

Write for Free Catalogues.

EMPIRE DIVISION

AMERICAN SEEDING MACMINE COMPANY.

2S Monroe Street, Springfield, Ohio.

rii

skip i.

SL PSHLICK

Cl-ippn with a machine built especially for
OllIVI-'Lf southern trade. Built for the pur-
pose. The only machine of
the kind. Shreds fine,
does not husk. Price two=
WP iw \—tF^sj/s\ 11 \ thirds that of huskers. A

^i so sm^^^W^Nj^^r=^=^^^^ °* Keystone fodder is
RUU-D ^^~ \^>^ r~ worth a ton of the best hay.

the largest line of Huskers and Shredders of any manufacturer, also a
full line of Horse Powers, Jacks, Com Shellers', Hay Balers, Mowers,
Seeders, Rakes, Loaders and Disc Harrows.

Send for Catalogue and Prices. THE KEYSTONE CO.

ESTABLISHED SO VEA.RS. STERUIING, lUL,.

^ THE ^

SEABOARD

AIR LINE RAILWAY

OFFERS

PROFITABLE

INVESTMENTS

TO^

THE MANUFACTURER,
THE STOCK RAISER,
THE DAIRYMAN,
THE FRUIT GROWER,
THE TRUCKER.

WHERE YOUR LABOR IS NOT IN VAIN.

Would a country where work can be carried on the entire year And where
laige profits can be realised interest you?

The SEABOARD Air Line Railway traverses six Southern States and a
region of this character. One two cent stamp will bring handsome illustrated
literature descriptive of the section.

EDW. W. COST, CHARLES B. RYAN,

Traffic Mgr. Gen, Pass. Agt., Portsmouth, Va

J. B. WHITE,
Gen. Industrial AgL, Hortsmoutli, Va.

1903.]

THE SOUTHERN PLANTER.

607

NOTHING TO SUGGEST.

Mv Uncle Hi's mind has an equable
poise,
Through seasons of drought and of
raining;
"In worry," he says, "we lose sight of
our joys,
And we spend too much time in com
plaining.
If the Lord, in His wisdom, sends
blessing or blight,
I'll take what He sees fit to proffer,
For I'm firm in the faith that He's run
nin' things right.
An' I have no suggestions to offer.

"To the Lord, when it travail, no dolo

rous plea

I make, for my creed's not so narrow

As to think for a moment He'll lose

sight of me,

When He notes e'en the fall of the

sparrow.

He is there on His throne, an' so just

is His rule.

Alike to the saint and the scoffer.

I sit here at home jes' a-takin' thin.gs

cool.

An* I have no suggestions to offer

"It's a mighty good world that we live
in to-day.
For the good's all the time growin'
better.
An'," my Uncle Hi adds, in his comical
way,
"It satisfies me to the letter!
So I jes' keep t' work in the shadow an'
shine,
Bit by bit addin' gbld t' my coffer.
For the world's bein' steered iDy a Hand
that's divine.
An' I have no suggestions to offer."
— Roy Farrell Greene, in September
Success.

THE APPLE CROP.
At the recent National Apple Grow-
ers' Convention. Niagara Falls, N. Y..
a statistical report covering all the
apple-growing States and Canada was
Issued. The apple crop for 1902 was
estimated at 47.625.000 barrels, and the
crop for 1903 at 54,614,000 barrels. The
crop in Canada last year was esti-
mated at 16,120.000 barrels, and for
1903 at 13,300.000 barrels.

<«C«.C«<:*«<: tX3t3«3MC<,««Jt3t3«3t3tj«.'«.<.<:< ««.«.< )t*3t3tJM3»3t3MJtJt*j<Jt»

I Saw Mills

How was the scenery where you
spent your vacation?"

"The most expensive I ever gazed
at."

"What did your old uncle leave?"
"A lot of disgusted relatives and a

jubilant young widow we'd never heard

of before."

For The Whole World !
Big Ones and Little Ones !

from 4 H. P. Farmers' Mill that cuts 3,000 feet a day, up to the biggest that's made.
OVER 10,000 DELOACH PATENT SAW MILLS IN USE.

Our Large Catalog
No. 66

will interest you. It illus-
trates and tells all ,Tl)out the
famous LeLoach Patent Va=
riable Friction Feed Saw
nills, Shiugle Mills, Plaut-rs,
Edgers, Trimmers, Stave and
Lath MilLs, Bolters, Cord
Wood and Drag Saws, Corn
and Buhr Mills, Water Wheels,
Mill Gearing, Pulleys, Shaft-
ing, Etc.

Please mention the Southern
Planter when writing us.
We wiil appreciate it.

Largest Saw iHill IVlanufacturing Plant in the World. '■ — t; ":::n: JJ

ABERDEEN-ANGUS CATTLE^

FOR SALE AT INTRODUCTORY PRICES-

Choice Bulls from 3

months to 2^^ years
old.

The Best Breed in
the world for
grading=up
purposes.
Call and see them or write for prices.
ROSED ALE STOCK FARM, Jeffersonton, Culpeper Co., Va.

CHARTERED 1870.

MERCHANTS NATIONAL BANE

OF RICHMOND, VIRGINIA.
Capital Stock, - - - $200,000.00

Surplus and Profits, - - $628,000.00

De.signated Depository of the United States, City of Richmond and Commonwealth

of Virginia.
Being the Largest Depository for Banks between Baltimore and New Orleans, this

Bank offers superior facilities for direct and quick collections.
JNO. P.BRANCH, JNO. K. BEANCH, JOHN F. GLENN,

President. Vice-President. Cashier.

608

THE SOUTHEKX PLANTER.

[September

The following lljt of paper* and p«rlodicala
•re the moat popular ones In thia aectlon.
We can SAVE YO0 MONEY on whaUver
journal you wlah.

DAILIES.

Price. With
Alone. Planter.

Times-Dispatch. Richmond, Va IS 00 ^6 00

The Poft. Washington. D. C 6 00 6 00

The Sun, Baltimore, Md 3 00 S40

News-Leader, Richmond, Va. s oo S 00

TRI-WEEKLT.

The World (thrlce-a-week), N. Y.... 1 OO IS

WEEKLIES.

Harper's Weekly ^^ ^^

Harpers Bazaar 100 1^

Montgomery AdverUser 1 00 1 00

Nashville American '..'. 5j ^

The Baltimore Sun 100 i „

Breeders Gazette ::.[[[[] j oO 1 75

Hoard B Dairyman 100 138

Country GenOeman " 1 50 175

:entral Presbyterian, " ■• 2 00 2 1°

«ellglous Herald. Richmond, Va.!"'. 2 00 2 i'

TImes-Dlspatch, Richmond. Va.... 1 00 1 ^,

Christian Advocate, ■■ ■• 1 m 1 «

"»"•»- :::l^ V^

SEMI-MONTHLIES.

Wool Markets and Sheep ... 50 7^

Dairy and Creamery 50 „

Commercial Poultry . " m -=

*"'•"- :::::::::;::;: 1" ^n

MONTHLIES.

North American Review B 00 K (v,

The Century Magazine "'l^ l^-

St. Nicholas .Magazine 3 00 S 26

LIpplncotfs Magazine 2 50 2 50

Harper 8 Magazine 4 Oo 400

Forum M,,„,„, •• J « J 00

Scrlbner's Magazine 3 00 3 25

Frank Leslies Magazine ' 1 oO 1 35

Cosmopolitan Magazine 100 135

Everybody's Magazine " 1 00 135

Munsey Magazine 1 Oo 135

Strand Magazine 1 25 1 65

McClure's Magazine 1 00 1 35

Argosy Magazine 1 00 1 35

Review of Reviews 2 60 2 75

Buccessful Farming 1 00 7.-,

Southern Fruit Grower 50 8.5

Where you desire to subscribe to two or
more of the publications named, you can ar-
rive at the net subscription price by deduct-
ing 50 cenu from "our price with the
PLANTER." If you desire to subscribe to
•ny other publications not listed here, write
us and we will cheerfully quote clubbing or
net subscription rates.

Subscribers whose time does not expire
until later can Uke advantage of our club
rales, and have their subscription advanced
one year from date of expiration of their
aubscrlptlon to either the PLANTER or any
of the other publications mentioned.

Don't hesitate to write us for any Informa-
tion desired: we will cheerfully answer any
correspondence.

We furnish NO SAMPLE COPIES of other
p«rtodlcaJs

Seed House of the South.

JAPAN
BUR

CLOVER,
CLOVER,

BUCKWHEAT,
OATS aad
CANE SEED.

"Whatsoever One Soweth, That Shall He Reap."

We sell strictly reliable FIELD AND GARDEN SEEDS of every
variety at Lowest Market rates, included in which are

RAGLAND'S PEDIGREE TOBACCO SEEDS.

^ ^ ^ WE ALSO SELL

Our Own Brands of Fertilizers

For Tobacco, Corn, Wheat, Potatoes, &c.

Pure Raw-Bone Meal, Nova Scotia and Virginia Plaster and
Fertilizing Materials generally.

Parties wishing to purchase will find it to their interest to price our goods.
Samples sent by mail when desired.

1016 Main Street,
LYNCHBURG, VA.

Wm. A. Miller & Son, ^

-it «£>

J Headquarters for

I Nursery Stock.

WHOLESALE
AND

RETAIL.

We make a specialty of handhng dealers' orders.
ALL STOCK TRUE TO NAME.

Apples, Nectarines, Pecans,

Pears, Cherry, Chestnuts,

Peach, Quinces, Walnuts,

Plum, Almonds, Small Fruits,

Apricots,
CALIFORNIA PRIVET, lor Hedging.

Ornamental and
Shade Trees,
Evergreens,
Roses, Etc.

WRITE FOR CATALOGUE.

^

AGENTS WANTED.

^, FRANKLIN DAVIS NURSERY CO., Baltimore, Md. 4,

•l*'l"l"f"i"f"f"8'4*'f"f"f"f"8"t''fr'l"t*f"t"t"f"i"t"'t"l'*l**l'*t"f"l"t'

1903.]

THE SOUTHERN PLANTER.

609

DOMESTIC ECONOMY.

To remove ink spots from gingham,
wet the spots with milk and cover them
with common salt. Let stand some
hours, then rinse in several waters.

To clean a kettle in which onions or
other rank vegetables have been cook-
ed, rub with a cloth dipped in hot,
strong soda water, then wash in soapy
water.

A good way to fix your beeswa.\:
Place between two pieces of paper and
keep it near at hand, so that when the
starch sticks you can readily rub the
iron over it.

When making mince pies, the fat
that rises to the top of the liquid in
which the meat was boiled may be
skimmed off and utilized to good ad-
vantage in the place of suet.

A few drops of oil of lavender pour-
ed into a glass of very hot water will
purify the air in a room almost in-
stantly from cooking odors, and is es-
pecially refreshing in a sick room.

To clean decanters, get some old
pieces of blotting paper and soap them
well, roll the bits up small, and put
about twenty little pieces into the bot-
tle to be cleaned, then half fill the de-
canter with warm water. Let it stand
five minutes, and then shake well I'or
another five minutes. Rinse with cold
water and set it to drain; when dry it
will be beautifully clear and bright.

Clothespins need washing occasion-
ally to keep them in good condition.
It is a good plan to put them in the
holler after the clothes have been taken
out. After they have had a good wash
they should be thoroughly rinsed in
clean water.

To grind old scissors at home, sa.v
the blade on the neck of a glass bottl'=.
as if you were trying to saw that part
off. in a short time the scissors will
be quite sharp.

Pour a little vinegar upon the stove
when you are cooking onions, turnip
or cabbage, and it will immediately
change the disagreeable odor. Cloves
will do the same.

Poultry should never be cooked until
twelve or fourteen hours after killin^

WHY SHE ENJOYED IT.

"I like to go to church." announced
Dottle, aged five, "because they sins
nice hymns about flowers and insects
and things to eat, and the man in the
night gown talks about birds."

"Why, Dottie," said her mother, "I
don't think there are any hymns about
insects and things to eat."

"There is so." insisted Dottie. "Last
Sunday we sang a beauty hymn about
'Bringing in the Cheese,' and to-day we
sang one what began, 'Just as^ I am
without one flea,' and when we got
through the man talked about a hawk
and two pigeons."

Subsequent inquiry revealed the fact
that the text had been. "Why halt ye
between two opinions?" — September
Lippincott's.

St. Hlbane

Scbool

I

Situated on a

SuNNV Headland

above the

Banks of New Rivek,

IN THE

Blue Grass Region
OF Virginia

Prepares Boys

FOR UNIVERSITY OR
FOR BUSINESS-

SEND for annual catalogue, in which is

published "i'LAN of ST. ALBANS PCHOOL."

Address, W. H. RANDOLPH,

Head Master,
Radford, - - - Virginia

IS so NECESSARY TO THE

FARMER AND STOCK RAISER

2 that he cannot afford to be -without the

5 best means of pumping it.

5 ADVICE FREE

5 if application is made to us.

Rams, Windmills, Gasoline Engines

for pumping and farm use

SYDNOR PUMP & WELL CO., Inc.

RICHMOND, VA.

Box 949.

3Ue<aaae<t<e<e<ae<at<ac<e<ae<e)e<c<cyy<t< r>:i>>.mriaf.iac •>f»»»>»:i(<o'>aae;

A WASHING MACHINE is as great a necessity in the house as a wringer

THE MAJESTIC ROTARY WASHER

has too many good points for explanation in an ad-
vertisement. Your name on a postal card will
bring our booklet, witb full particulars of our six
different machines and how to get them. One of
them will certainly please you. All are made with
electrically welded wire hoops sunk in grooves — our
patent. Being the largest manufacturers of wood-
enware in the world, we can make better machines
for the money than any one else. If you want a
machine that washes, buy one of ours.

THE RICHMOND CEDAR WORKS, Richmond, Va.

610

THE SOUTHERX PLANTER.

[September

WAGONS and BUGGIES

MADE

RIGHT HERE

AT HOME

BY

^ The BARBOUR BUGGY CO.,
The HUGHES BUGGY CO.,
The VIRGINIA WAGON CO.

These vehicles are guaranteed to be as good as can be bought elsewhere; material and
workmanship unsurpassed; all sizes and styles, prices low. We can save you time,
money and freight by purchasing our vehicles. Send for our illustrated catalogues.
Drop in our warehouse and inspect our stock. Inquiries cheerfully answered.

AGENTS FOR DEERING MACHINES. ]

RICHMOND BUGGY & WAGON CO., 1433 E. Main Street, RICHMOND, VA. \

§ J. T- DUNN, Manager. \

AH of Virginia.

The well bred stallion Whalebone, 7872, by Abdallah Wilkes, a successful son of the famous
progenitor of speed and race horse quality, Greorge Wilkes, 2 :22 : dam Mollie 0., by Abdallah, 15, sire
of Goldsmith Maid, 2:14; second dam Kate, by Pilot, Jr., sire of dams of Maud S., 2:08^: I^utwood,
2 :18f, the renowned sire, and others of pronounced fame.

In color Whalebone is the richest shade of dark mahogany bay, while well formed and handsome,
and in harness there are few horses in the land able either to outshow him or to exhibit more airiness
and style. "With temper and disposition that are perfect, he is a road and pleasure horse of rare excel-
lence, never shies or pulls, and is afraid of nothing — in fact, is safe for a lady to drive. He was foaled
1883, but does not look his age by a decade, being well preserved and a horse of extraordinary vigor.
The Wilkes family excels all others in point of longevity, potency, and, it may be said, popularity, too,
as cited in Red Wilkes, aged 20 ; Jay Bird, aged 25 ; and Baron Wilkes, aged 21. The former served 40
mares this season, Jay Bird 75, and Baron Wilkes 45. In order to make a quick sale, I am offering Whale-
bone for $175, probably less than half his value, and a sum which he can, in proper hands, just about
double this fall in service fees. He is a sure foal getter, and sires uniformly good looking colts that de-
velop into large, handsome horse?, the kind greatly in demand. Address

-^--.W. J. CARTER, P. O. Box 929, Richmond, Va.

1903.]

THE SOUTHEKN PLANTEK.

611

A. C. SINTON. President,

R. R. GWATHMEY. Vice-President.
41 Jl Jl Jl Jl

J. J. SUTTON, Secretary,

ESTABLISHED 1840.

The watt PLOW CO.,

15th & Franklin and 14th & Main Sts., Richmond, Va.

Agricultural Implements,
Machinery, Vehicles and
Harness. ^ ^ ^ ^

INCORPORATED 1893.

PEERLESS ENGINE.

HOCKING VALLEY FEED CUTTER.

DAIN COKN CUTTER.

STAR SWEEP MILL.

SECTIONS OF WIRE FENCE.

A full Stock always on hand, and
prompt shipments guaranteed. South
Bend, Dixie and Farmer's Friend
Plows and repairs. The Hancock Ro-
tary Disc Plow, warranted to go in
the ground where all others fail.

Hocking Valley Feed Cutters, Cy-
clone Shredders, Smalley Feed Cutters,
Dain Corn Cutters. Equal to any made.
Staver Buckeye Feed Mill and Horse
Power Combined. Star Sweep Mill.
Either grinds corn on cob or shelled.

Whitman All-Steel, full circle Hay
Presses. George Ertel Company's full
circle Hay Presses. Rapid Fire Horse
Power Hay Press, for one horse, a good,
cheap press. Will put up from 150 to
200 bales a day. The well known Min-
nich Brand Baling Presses.

Hocking Valley Wine and Cider
Mills. Hard wood rollers. The best
mill made.

Hocking Valley Corn Shellers, for
hand or power. Smalley Electric Pole
and Wood Saws, for steam or horse
power. Peerless Engines and Saw
Mills always in stock. Several good
second-hand Engines and other second-
hand machinery for sale. "Pittsburgh
Perfect" fencing, electrically welded.
See cuts showing weld. Barb Wire,
Plain Galvanized Wire, Baling Wire
and Bale Ties. Continental Disc Har-
rows. Buffalo and Lean Spike Harrows.

The celebrated Columbus, Ohio, Bug-
gies, Carriages, Runabouts, and Traps.

Farm Wagons and Delivery Wagons,
a complete stock.

Correspondence solicited.

>I'IKK HARROW.

612 THE SOUTHERN PLAXTER. [September

A LIBERAL OFFER.

,U.-i-UU ^

^

*¥

3 Months Trial Subscription

t

-TO THE=

Southern Planter

FOR 10 CENTS OR 3 FOR 25 CENTS.

^

4*

This liberal offer should be accepted by thous=

ands who are not now readers.

Send in at once.

The SOUTHERN PLANTER, Richmond, Va.

$

1903.]

THE SOUTHERN PLANTER

613

HIS CHOICE.

It la told of the late Senator Matt
Carpenter that one day while chatting
with friends in a committee room the
conversation turned on the relative
merits of religious sects. Nearly every
member of the party belonged to some
church, and , there had been an ani-
mated discussion, Senator Carpenter
pacing up and down, listening intently
enou.gh. but saying not a word.

"What church do you belong to, Car-
penter?" asked one.

"I don't belong to any."

"Why don't you join one?"

"I don't want to. None exactly suits
my views."

"What one would you join if you
were to feel forced to a choice?"

"The Catholic, by all means?"

"And why the Catholic?"

"Because they have a purgatory, and
that's a motion for a new trial." — The
Omaha Bee.

When the new puppies were discov-
ered to be blind Teddy was very un-
happy. His auntie assured him that
God would open their eyes in due time.
When bedtime came Teddy was heard

adding a petition to his prayers:

"Dear God, do please hurry up and
finish those puppies! " — September Llp-
pincott's.

The HESSLER

ROUND, STRONG, DURABLE.

No Flip-Flap Contrivances.
You can scrape the mail out with your
mittens on. PRICE

A square box is bothersome. $1.00.

Our box is the best and cheapest, fully up to the government's requirements.

H. E. HESSLER CO., Dept. Z., Syracuse, New York.

Established by
GEO. WATT, 1840.

MANUFACTURER AND DEALER IN

THE CALL-WATT CO.,

Implements, Machinery and Vehicles.

MANFRED CALL,
Gen'l Manager.

THE DEERE AND PITTS DISC HAR-
ROWS, STEEL SHANKS, DUST
PROOF BEARING BOXES, PLBX-
TBLB GANGS, allowing inner ends
to rise and fall independently.

ALL STEEL LEVER HARROWS.

Made up of sections of 25 teeth each.

THE EMPIRE DRILL, Disc or
Hoe sows all kinds of grain, corn,
peas, beans and fertilizers in most ap-
proved manner. Is equipped with the
Celebrated Empire Grain Feed and
Mark's Fertilizer Force Feed.

LAND ROLLERS, with wood staves
or solid steel rims. All sizes.

FULL CIRCLE HORSE
POWER PRESSES. HAND
AND STEAM POWER.
RAPID IN OPERATION,
SIMPLE, STRONG, AND
LOW IN PRICE.
Guaranteed to give satisfaction.
Built of best material and fully guar-

BALING PRESSES FOR
HAY, STRAW, PLUNK,
PEA VINES. COTTON,
AND ALL PRODUCTS RE-
QURING BALING.

THE GARDNER PEA HULLER. Does not break peas and ivill not choke.
THE IMPERIAL ONE-HORSE WAGONS. Steel Axle and Thimble Skein.

anteed.
THE MOLINE WAGON. Light Running and Durable. Guaranteed to be made of first class air dried timber.

Handsomely finished, and has features not found in any other.

PLOWS AND PLOW REPAIRS of all kinds. We make plows for all purposes and sell them on their merits.

FEED AND ENSILAGE CUTTERS, CORN SHELLERS, ENGINES, SAW MILLS, CORN AND COB MILLS,
ETC., ETC.
We solicit Inquires tor anything desired.

13 So. Fifteenth Street,
Between Main and Gary.

RICHMOND, VA. THE CALL=WATT CO.

614

THE SOUTHERN PLANTER.

[September

BUTTER STORY WITH A MORAL.
A few days ago two farmers came to
town and both brought butter for sale.
One of the farmers had his product
pressed into neat, compact, half-pound
packages, and he readily sold it at 25
cents a pound. He told the Herald
man that he could not meet the de-
mand for his butter. The other had
his butter in a bucket, and it looked
soft and watery. After tramping
around town from place to place try-
ing to sell he gave up in disgust and
said It was no use to bring butter to
town to sell, as nobody would buy it.
This little relation of facts carries with
It a moral. Can you not guess what
that moral is? — Palestine Herald.

asked

TRUTH COMES OUT.

"Are you blind by nature?
the charitably-inclined citizen.

"No, sir." candidly replied the beg-
gar; "I'm blind by profession." —
Chicago Dally News.

The onion is a homely plant,
And rank as most that grows.

And yet It beats to mix with soup
The Illy or the rose.

The Chesapeake & Ohio Railway

Extending from Cincinnati and Louisville, and
THROUQi ITS CONNECTIONS....

THE BIG FOUR SYSTEM, from Chicago, St. Louis, Peoria, Indianapolis,

Sandusky and Cleveland ;
THE OHIO CENTRAL LINES, from Toledo and Columbus;
THE CINCINNATI, HAMILTON & DAYTON, from Detroit, Toledo, Lima
and Dayton —

FORMS THE MOST DIRECT ^"tilZf r^!:%'SJl^Jr ROUTE.

To STAVNXON, LYNCHBURG, CHARLOTXEt»VII-l-E,
RICHMOIVO, PETER'< BITRC, NORFOLK,
And Principal irirgrliila Poi»t^.

H. W. FULLER, Gen. Pass. Agt. C. & 0. Ry., Washington, D. C.

When corresponding with our advertisers always mention the
Southerti Planter.

Latest Improved FARM IMPLEMENTS.

The best Harvester on eartb, for standing corn
Safety seats. Safety shafts.

ROSS....

Fodder Cutters, Fodder
Shredders, Cutters for all
purposes, Corn Shellers,
Grinding Mills, Horac
Powers and Wood Saws.

Special prit^es given on .Studebuker e
Brown Wagon?, Buggies and Cari^

Studebaker Buggies, all styles, Studebaker
Carriages, Studebaker Carts, Stude-
baker Runabouts.

Buckeye Force Pumps. Porce-
lained Wood Pumps. Wood and
Steel Wind Mills.

Superior Grain and Fertilizer
Drills. Hoe and Disc.

The Lyons Improved Fanning Mill.

."•uperior Drain Drills.
Plaia and Fertilizer Hoe and Disc
Drills— All sizes.

TIGER Steel and Wood Self-Dump Rakes,
GRANGER Steel and Wood Hand-Dump Rakes,
all sl/es.

ELI BALING PRESSES.

HENING & NUCKOLS,

Successors to

CHAS. E. HUNTER,

i«y? [. ii Si,

1903.]

THE SOUTHER!^ PLANTER

615

"MOORE" QUALITY "MOORB" QUANTITY

J. S. IblOOIlS'S SONS.

Successors to D. O'SULLIVAN, and J. S. MOORE & SONS.

CORNER EiaHTEENTH & MAIN STREETS,

Wholesale and Retail

RICHMOND. VinaiNIA.

... Grocers, Feed and Liquor Dealers ...

.WE CAN SAVE YOU MONEY..

Read carefully below our low prices on best Groceries, Feed and Liquors.
t^^SPEClAL ATTENTION GIVEN TO OUT OF TOWN ORDERS.

Granulated Sugar, per lb 5

Light Brown Sugar, per lb 4i

Lion Coffee, per lb 9

Arbuckle"s Coffee, per lb 9i

Best Green Tea. per lb V5

Choice Green Tea, per lb 60

Good Green Tea, per lb 40 & 50

Black Tea, Best, per lb 50

Good Black Tea, per lb 40

Fair Black Tea, per lb 25

Best Rice, per lb 8

Good Rice, per lb 5

Pure Leaf Lard, per lb 10

Good Leaf Lard, per lb 9

Cooked Sliced Ham, per lb iij

Good Salt Pork, per lb 7

Choice Salt Pork, per lb 9

Best Salt Pork, per lb 10

Best Potted Ham and Tongue, can. 4

I lb. can Chipped Beef JO

New N. C. Cut Herrings, dozen,

lOc. or, per bbl 4.25

New N. C. Roe Herrings, dozen,

18c.. or. per bbl 2. 75 J

Our Pride of Richmond Flour, best

patent, per bbl 4.50

Our Daisy Flour, good patent, per

bbl 4.25

Our Excelsior Flour, good family.

per bbl 3.75

Fresh Soda Crackers, per lb 5

Ginger Snaps, per lb 5

Fresh Mixed Cakes, per lb

fi bars Colgate's Octagon Soap. . . .
7 bars Octagon Shape Soap, 10-oz.

cakes for

10 bars Moon Soap, 8-ounce cakes.
12 bars Hustler Soap, 8-oz cakes. .
Small California Hams, per lb. . . .
Good Salmon, can, 9c.; 3 cans. . . .

Large Mackerel, each

Large cans Good Tomatoes, can. .
Large cans Best Tomatoes, can . . .
2 lb. cans Best Tomatoes, can ....

Lar.gc Juicy Lemons, dozen

Green Coffee, per lb., 9c. ; 3 lbs ....
Quart Mason Jars of Light Syrup.

I gallon Can Light Syrup

1 gallon can Light Syrup

12
25
10
20
40

*. bbl. Clipped Herrings 2.75

200 pound sack salt, per sack 85

100 pound sack salt, per sack 0 5

Best Full Cream Cheese, per lb. . 15

Lump Starch, per lb 4

Best Water Ground Meal, per peck,

20c. ; per bushel 75

Best Ship Stuff, per 100 1.10

Best Bran or Brown Stuff, per 100. 1.00

Best Mixed Oats, per bushel 45

Porto Rico Molasses, per gallon.. 35
New Orleans Molasses, per gallon. 50
Good Dark Molasses, per gallon.. 20
." plugs of any lOc Tobacco for 25c.,
.?uch as Peach, Plum. Grape, Reynold's
Sun Cured and other brands.

CHOICE WINES AND LIQUORS.

Moore's Crown, fine, per gal $3.00

Moore's Excelsior, fine, per gal .... 2.00
Moore's Keystone, 3 years old, per

gal 2.50

Moore's Old Capital, 2 years old,

per gal 1.50

Pure Va. Apple Brandy, gallon... 3.00
Maryland Apple Brandy, gallon.. 2.25
Imported Sherry Wine, gallon . . 3.00

Good Gin, per gallon 2.00

Best Gin, gallon 2.50

Best N. C. Corn Whiskey, per gal.. 2.00

Best Catawba, per gallon 45

Blackberry Wine, per gallon 45

Good Port or Sherry Wine, gallon. 1.00
New England Rum, per gallon. . . . 2.00
7 year old Pure Rye, 1896, Good

Hyspire Brand, per gallon 3.50

Duffy"? Malt Whiskey, per bottle,

SOc. ; per dozen 9.00

O'Grady's Malt Whiskey, per bottle,

SOc. : per dozen 9.00

McDermott's Malt Whiskey, per

bottle, 80c.; per dozen 9.00

Pure Scotch Whiskey, User Brand,

per quart 1.15

Pure Fulcher Mountain Whiskey,

per quart 1.15

Pure Savage Mountain Whiskey,

4 years old, very fine, gallon. . . 3.00

Jug and bottle orders given special attention.

We have everything in the Grocery, Liquor and Feed line, and can furnish anything not quoted
at lowest market price. Prices on Staple Groceries and Feed subject to market changes.

•SEND US YOUR ORDERS. ,^^

616

THE SOUTHERN PLANTER.

[September

SENSIBLENESS.

I was in a hardware store a few days
ago, and a hustling German farmer en-
leied. The proprietor shook hands
wilh him, and asked about the pros-
pects of his crop. Among other thinss
he asked how he was getting along
with his haying.

•My hay is all in der barn und
stack," replied the farmer.

"Well.' said the proprietor, "you are
lucky— one of the luckiest mtn In this
section. More than half the farmers
had hay down when the storm came on
yesterday. There will be lots of dam-
aged hay around here. Many ithat
didn't get caught by tne storm of last
week got caught yesterday. Yes. sir;
you are a lucky man." He then step-
ped out to speak to a customer.

The farmer turned to a clerk, and
with a grimace said: "He say dot T am
lucky. Dere vas no luck aboud it — it
vas just Warn sensibleness! I vent
afder dot hay, und I got it. Does he
tink dot I vas so foolish as to cut
grass ven it was looking like rain all
aboud? I cut ven it look like fair ved-
der. und den I go afder dot hay liUi! a
steam engine, und ged it. Den he aay
dot I vas lucky! Ha^ha!"

Sure enough, it was merely plain
"sensibleness." For some time tne
weather has been squally. Some farm-
ers watched the indications closely, and
when it was plain that we would have
at least two or three days of fair wea-

ther, they "went after the hay 'iko
steam engines," and got it up in splen-
did shape. They had everything ready
and oiled, and when the time to "go
after it" came, they went. The othor
fellows cut when they got ready, hop-
ing that the weather would be fair,
and they have a lot of damaged hay on
hand. There is lots of luck in "plain
sensibleness," as well as in going after
a thing like a steam engine.

WHAT HE MIGHT HAVE DONE.

"See here, young man," said the min-
ister, "you never paid me that fee for
marrying you."

■You're mighty lucky I haven't sued
you for dama.i?es." — From Tit-Bits.

A passenger on a train, being greatly
irritated by the voices of a drove of
children in the same coach, scowled on
the woman by whom they were accom-
panied and exclaimed: "What is this —
a family or a picnic?" "These are all
mine," replied the woman, severely,
"and it is no picnic!"

Question — If it takes a farmer two
weeks to dig a barrel of apples, how
long will it take a mosquito to crawl
through a barrel of molasses? Answer
— There is no place like home.

Little Willie from the city watched
the cows lying placidly in the barn
lot and said: "Uncle John, you must
have to pay a lot of money for chewing
gum tor your cows. " — Colman's Rural
World.

What's the difference between Niag-
ara Falls, an automobile and a ham
sandwich? Niagara Falls is run by
water power, and an automobile Is run
by gasoline. But what about the ham
sandwich? There's where you bite.

Boarder — "Here's an account in the
paper of a man who married four wo-
men in one day." Mrs. De Hash —
"Why, the horrible brute! Who was
he?" Boarder — "Rev. Mr. Longcoat,
the preacher. Married four couples,
see?"

Do You Ship Apples?

If so, let us call your attention to the California and Oregon aj^ple
boxes, the coming packages for nice apples, particularly for foreign
shipments. SOUTHSIDE M'F'G. CO., Petersburg, Va.

— FOR SALE —

Fine young Jack, sure foal getter, and his colts are good
ones. Will be prl(?ed right to party meaning business.
Address,

WHITNEY B. DAVIE,

WHITNEY STOCK FAHM.

RICHMOND, V*.

— FOR SALE —

Featherbone, a richly coated dark bay or brown colt,
foaled May 27, 1902. Sired by Whalebone, 7872, dam
Alcyrene, 2:273, trial, 2:191, by Alcyone, 2:27; second dam
Bessie Oliver, by Kearsarge, the son of Volunteer and
famous Clara, dam of Dexter, 2:17i, and Dictator; third
dam Jessie, by Volunteer, and back of tha't the golden blood
of Mambrlno Chief. This colt Is Inbred to George Wilkes,
his sire and dam being grandson and granddaughter, re-
Bpectively, of that world famous progenitor of race horse
quality and speed. Alcyone got McKlnney, 2: Hi, the great
sire of race winners that sold for |25,000 in 1902, and nearly
paid for himself that season In stud fees. This colt is
high class Individually, and partakes of the beauty of form
and finish so often seen In his family. Price, |125, which
is far less than his real value. Address

W. J CARTER.

p. O. BOX 929

RICHMOND. VA.

Pedigrees traced and tabulated. Catalogues compiled and

circulars prepared. Special attention given registration

matters pertaining to thoroughbreds and trotting horses

. . . BY . . .

w. J. CARTER (Broad Rock),

P.O. Box 929 RICHMOND, VA

Representing the ....

The Times-Dispatch, Richmond, Va.
SouTHEKN Planter, Richmond, Va.
Spokts of tue Times, New York.
Kentucky Stock Farm, Lexington, Ky.
Bbeedek ano Sportsman, San Francisco, Cal.

WHALEBONE, 7872.

sired by Abdallah Wilkes, son of George Wilkes, 2.22.
dam Maggie C, by .ibdallah, 15, sire of Goldsmith Maid,
2.14; second dam Vlley Filly, by Pilot, Jr., sire of dam of
Maud S., 2.08-1.

Note. — Whalebone Is a richly colored bay horse of fine
size, handsome and well formed. His disposition Is perfect.
He has sired Visitor, 2.26i, and other winners.

FEB, $15, with usual return privilege.
Address W. J. CARTER,

P. O. BOX 929, RICHMOND, VA.

1903.]

THE SOUTHERN PLANTEE.

601

We are Going to l^BM^l^^MMBHIMBHI

seuYoa . CHATHAM FANNING MILL

On 60 Days' Approval

to convince yon of its superiority over any fanning mill yon ever heard
of. If that isn't long enough time we will take yourXIiree VearsNote.
WKKNOW what the Cbatbani will do for you, how much money it
will make, how much it will save you, how strong it is, how easily it runs
and the perfect work it accomplishes. It will clean and grade your
seed grain, will enable you to sell your clean grain at the top price, will
save the timothy seed from the yearly crop of grain, save the screenings
for feed for your stock. Tlie Chatliam will clean and grade any
kind of seed or grain. The new bagging attachment saves the work of
one man. We have already sold OVER one hundred thousand (100,000)
of them in every part of the U. S. and Canada, and are not going to stop
until we place one in the hands of every farmer, stock raiser and seeds-
man in North America. We want yon to send us your name and address.
We will then send you tne most instructive book, free,

"How to Make Dollars Out of Wind.

It tells ways of making easy money that yon never thonght
of. We will also outline our XBKKE IfEAKS'

Plan of selling you a Chatham. It will surprise you
by its liberality and convince you that we believe in our
mill. It gives you a chance to let the mill pay you before
you pay us for the mill.

Here are some of the things others have done with the
help of the Chatham Fanning Sli\U

O. E.Perkins, Hallsport. N.Y., got $550 more for 1000 buehelB
of wheat than bis neighbor did. Perklne used the Chatham;
neighbor dldn* t

D. M.Betbune. Betbune. S. 0^ obtains SI extra on every
100 pounds of rice by oelng the Ohatbam.

Novp write n« and get that free boob and oar

proposition to make you money. Address

HiGfi Shoals Manufacturing Company,

YARNS. SHIHTIMGS. CliECKS. STRUPES. BTC

Talmage Hardware Co., T/f j fff, . /^

Agents for Chatham Fanning ^VW^^JVUtfA jAoa/i. ^a.,. «ay 25th. 1603
Athens, Ga..

Geotlemeni

The Chatham Fanning Mill bought of you ia by far a more valuable
machine than I first thought. As you know I did not get this machine until
afer I had begun to plant my cotton. When the Fanning Kill \

fanned before planti

the Fanning Mill

looking (

• the !

my

up 1

the stand

that I can afford to do without this
for it. I have had several of my ne:
speak In the highest of terms so far
used It 00 cotton aeed and fanning pi
th'nk of doing without tt at even tw

deal bei
Id make auch \
asl one-third

that the
ter, in fact one would not'*
difference. In addition to
of the seed. I do not think
at double the price I paid

Dlot. to ^

C.

M. CAMPBELL FANNING MILL CO., Ltd.,''^''"n?n°^!n°r^1.?'"'''-° 116 Wesson Avenue, Detroit, Mich.

A CHEERFUL VIEW.

Two men who had been sitting to-
gether in the seat near the door of a
railway car became engaged in an ani-
mated controversy, and their loud
voices attracted the attention of all
the other passengers. Suddenly one of
them rose, and said, "Ladies and gen-
tlemen, I appeal to you to decide a dis-
puted point. My friend here insists
that not more than three people out of
every five believe they have souls. I
take a more cheerful view of humanity
than that. "Will all of you who be-
lieve you have souls raise your right
hands?"

Every hand went up.

"Thank you." he said, with a smile.
Keep them up just a minute. Now
will all of you who believe in a here-
after raise your left hands also?"

"Thank you," he said. "Now, while
all of you have your hands raised." he
continued, drawing a pair of revolvers,
and levelling them, "my friend here
will relieve you of whatever valuable
articles you may have." — Implement
Trade Journal.

A neat Binder for your back num-
bers can be had for 25 cents. Address
our Business Office.

SUNNY HOME HERD OF

ABERDEEN-ANGUS CATTLE.

Baron Roseboy, 57666, by the great Gay Blackbird, dam by Bulalles Eric, 26. prize
yearling at Columbian Exposition, 1893, heads the herd. Pedigree means only the tracing
of good or bad qualities through several generations. The animals comprising this herd
are direct descendants of the greatest prize-winners of the breed for the past twenty-flve
years. Does this mean anything to you, who are In need of an animal of this the GREAT-
EST BEEF BREED? If so, come and see the best lot of calves we ever bred, or write.

A L. FRENCH, Proprietor, R. F. D. 2 , ByrdviUe, Va.

(Note change of P. O. address).
Depot and shipping point, Fitzgerald, N. C, on D. & W. R'y, 24 miles southwest of Dan-
ville, Va.

VIRGINIA DIVISION.

Farmers Mutual Benefit Association

A Fire insurance Association, chartered by tlie State of Virginia, for
farmers, under an amended and well protected plan.

Insures in counties surrounding and accessible to Richmond, against Fire
and Lightning, only country property — no stores or unsafe risks. Policy-holders
amply secured — all legitimate losses paid. Average cost per year less than other
plans, and a great saving to farmers. Amount of property now insured, $330,000,
and increasing yearly. Estimated securiey in real and other estate, $750,000.

For further information, address, CHAS. N. FRIEND, General Agent,

MENTION THIS JOURNAL. CHESTER, VIRGINIA.

602

THE SOUTHERN PLANTER.

[September

SWEET POTATOES.

A pamphlet, "Cultivation and Storaw
of Sweet Potatoes," gives, as is ))e-
lieved.a more practical plan for keeping
potatoes than any other that has here-
tofore been placed before the people.
Important and valuable information
that is not contained in any other
known publication is here given. Po-
tatoes can thus easily be kept in good
eondition 12 months or longer. The
pamphlet is worth, even to life-long po-
tato growers, much more than the
price asked.

A. F. Funderburg. Dudley, S. C, In
speaking of this pamphlet, says: "I
would not take ten times Its cost for
it."

The pamphlet has been Introduced
into 19 States and 3 Territories. The
plans are simple and easily understood.
They can be made available for old
style potato houses, or for new ones,
specially built, preferably the latter.
Order now. Do not delay.

Price, 50 cents, postpaid. Address
BRYAN TYSON,
Carthage, N. C.

I have a few copies of a formula for
excluding moth from beehives that
will be sent, as long as they last, with-
out charge, to those who request It.
B. T.

THE WORLD'S BEST JERSEYS.

Best of Oov:s in Illinois in Training for

World's Fair Dairy Test.

The most valuable herd of Jersey cat-
tle ever assembled at any one point
may be seen on a model farm at Jersey-
ville, Jersey county. III. The worth of
this herd can only be approximated,
for the cattle are not for sale. An of-
fer of $15,000 for a single member was
promptly declined, and not an animal
would bring less than $500 if placed on
the market to-day.

The cows are the property of indi-
vidual members of the American Jer-
sey Cattle Club, and they are assembled
because they are the best qualified 'o
make up a herd that will represent the
Jersey breed in the great dairy demon-
stration arranged for the World's Fair
at St. Louis in 1904 by F. D. Coburn,
Chief of Live Stock.

Unequalled care and attention is be-
ing given these cattle. No athlete
trained for an event requiring the de-
velopment of strength, endurance and
skill ever received more attention than
is being bestowed on these full-blood
Jerseys. When the Lotiisiana Purchase
Exposition opens its gates on April
SOth next year the herd will have Ijeon
in constant training for a full year,
and will be in the pink of condition.

Twenty-five cows will participate in
the test at the World's Fair and fif-
teen cows are held in reserve, to be
substituted should occasion require.
Great caution and judgment was exer-
cised in the selection of these candi-
dates. The committee was free to se-
lect from any of the 250.000 registered
Jerseys In America, and the animals

ARMOUR'S BLOOD MEALTcMr

First proved by the Kansas Agricnltural Experiment Station, and since

corroborated by thousands of leading stockmen who have tised It without

A single failure. Equally eSective for the diarrhea of all animals.

PREVENTS weak bones, paralysis of tbe bind leg^s and "thumps"

in pigs; "big head" of foals; ''riclcets" of all young animals|

abortion due to incomplete nutrition, and a host of other troubles.

A Potent Food for Work Horses, Dairy Cows, Poultry.

Write us for booklet pving valuable information about Blood Meal and our
other feeding products. Consult us free of charge regarding stock diseases.

THE ARMOUR FERTILIZER WORKS,
Chloago. Omaha. Baltimore. Atlanta. Jacksonville.

Reg. HOLSTEIN-FRIESIAN

CATTLE of the Netlierland, De Kol, Clothilde, Pietertje

and Artis families. Heavy milkers aud rich in butter

fat. Stock of all ages for sale.

Re?. BERKSHIRES ^'■•"^ noted strains, Imported Headlight, Lord
°* Highclere and Sunrise.

DORSET SHEEP==^
B. PLYMOUTH ROCK CHICKENS,

N. & W. and Southern R. R.

T. O. SANDY, Burlceville, Va.

** M

■ WP riPPPl? ^ ^"^^ well-bred registered Jersey ^

1 II U yJLl UrV g^^^ ^^^^ j^^.^^^ Calves at $30 each.

» They are four months old aud from best strains of this

i breed ; also a few young Berkshire boars large enough

Ij^ for service at $15 each, and pigs eight weeks old at $6

2 each — by pair or trio, not akin.

I M. B. ROWE & CO., - Fredericksburg, Va

NOW IS THE TIME to buy HOLSTEINS from the Ury Farm Herd.

Ury Alwlnft Count I'lml De Kol; De Kol 2nii Butter Boy 3rci No. 2, and Lord Harford De Kol head
our herd. You know their official backing. There la nothing better, l.'i bull calves at bargain
I)rice9. Their dams arc of the De Kol, Aaggie, Netherland, rietertje and Clothide strains and are o.
the producing kind. The best bulls are sold young; also a few cows and heifers. Choice ENGLISH
BERKSHIKE pigs of the best strains. Before buying, correspond with »r visit

THOS. FASSITT & SONS, Sylmar, Md.

t^ positively guarantee to bmea
and sliii) tlif VKKY KEbT strains of

M
thor(iii'.'lil)ri'ii renisti'ied LARGE
ENGLISH BERKSHIRE

Hogs fur LESS MONEY than any other
firm in the U. S., the superiority of our
stock eoiisiilered Send us your order
and we will satisfy you both in price
and stock. WALTER B. FLEMING,

Proprietor ol the Bridle Creek Stock Farm, WarreMon. N. C.

1903.]

THE SOUTHERN PLANTER.

603

thus come from all sections of tbe
United States.

The owners of the cattle are prosper-
ous and they and the Jersey Club to
which they belong determined to spare
no expense in making a perfect show-
ing. The cows selected from widely
separated points, some coming from
Maine and some from Oregon, some
from the North and others from the
South, could not give satisfactory re-
sults until they were accustomed to the
St. Louis climate, so a point near St.
Louis was desired for assembling the
herd, and as A. C. Auten, of Evanston,
111., a member of the Club, tendered
the use, gratuitously, of his 400-acre
farm on the outskirts of Jersey^'ilIe,
his proposition was accepted.

This farm, 10 miles from St. Louis,
and one of the best in Illinois, has been
pronounced ideal fo: the purpose, ^ua
there the work of getting the Jerseys
in condition is going forward.

C. T. Graves, of MaitJand. Mo., a
well-known breeder of Jersey cattle,
and an expert on all points pertaining
to the dairy, was selected to take
charge of operations, and with his
family he moved to Jerseyville early
in 1903 and began the interesting wor);.
It was planned to construct on Mr.
Auten's farm a model dairy and acces-
sories, and under Mr. Graves' personal
directions this has been done.

First he designed a cow stable, which
was completed early in July, and it is
probable that not another barn in the
world is as complete in every respect
as this. It is a square with stable
wings on the north and west. The
north wing has stalls for 24 cows ami
the west wing has stalls for 12 cows
and six roomy box stalls.

The barn and stables are marvels of
convenience and cleanliness. An elec-
tric plant, in a separate building, fur-
nishes light and power. The numerous
windows are perfectly screened, and
electric fans, numerously placed. kef>p
the air in constant motion. There are
no unpleasant odors, and the stal's
extend the full length of the wings.
The cows are so placed that their heads
are at the rows of windows, and the
air they breathe is always pure and
fresh from the fragrant fields. The
floors are all concrete. Between the
rows of cows, at their rear, is a grani-
toid passage way. affording the cows'
caretakers plenty of room to work at
feeding and milking time.

The mangers are also of concrete,
and are different from anything ever
before designed. The walls slope to
ward the cow's head, and while the
tendency is for the animals to push
the food away from her. the sloping
walls bring it right back.- A gate is
at the cow's head. It is so arranged
that it may be put forward or back
so as to fit the cow's length, and keep
her rear hoofs on the edge of the floor
of the stall, adjoining which is a gut-
ter. A chain at the back passes under
the hollow of the cow's rear legs, pre-
venting her from stepping into the
gutter, which slopes toward the centre.

ABERDEEN ANGUS HEIFERS

-^^^■^in Calf and Registered Bulls.

I expect to make another trip to the great X. I T. Ranch in the Pan Handle
of Texas about November 1st, and will purchase heifers for those who wish them
by the car load. A personal acquaintance extending over a period of more than
ten years with the superintendent of this great ranch, places me in position to
purchase cattle to great advantage; in fact, few men in the North and West can
buy females at all. I brought 155 2 yr. old heifers to North Carolina last faU thev
have given the best of satisfaction- 90 per cent, of them raising fine, lusty calves
as fane formed, as pure breds and not a non-breeder in the lot. The cattle are
very HIGH GRADE, pure bred bulls only having been used on this 3 000 000
acre ranch for 14 years. The heifers have never been fed or sheltered mil weigh
about 800 lbs., hearty and strong— all black and hornless, as near alike as so
many peas. Steer calves from this ranch have been selling at $20 and S'l pooh
m lots of from 100 to 5 000 for several years. '

Here is an opportunity for the cattle men of the South to secure cows that are
so much sought after in the great cattle markets. The heifers will cost $30 each
at the ranch, and about $7 each will land them at your station. My commission
is $1 per head and expenses, (expense very little) for personally selecting ship-
ping, caring for and feeding cattle enroute. '

Terms: calh at time I start for ranch. 30 cows constitute a car load Inter-
ested parties can see some of these cattle at the farms of Mr. L. Banks Holt
Graham, N. C, or at our farms at Fitzgerald, N. C.

Send me your orders, will have to get my order within four weeks. Write

A. L. FRENCH, Fitzgerald, N. C, or R. F. D. 2, Byrdville, Va.

POLAND

i»>,'i S.'";'X'',>, .>4'i#«. . ■'L^'S'i^J'"

CHINAS.

I have a limited number of pigs bv
my fine boars Gray's Big Chief, 57077; CRAY'S BIG CHIEF, 57077.

and Victor G, 57075, and can furnish pairs not akin or related to those previously
purchased. Young boars and sows of all ages. Send to headquarters and get the
best from the oldest and largest herd of Poland-Chinas in this State at one-half
Western prices. Address J. B. QRAY, Fredericksburg, Va.

BERK5HIRES.

Mr H. F. Stratton of Erin, Houston
Co.. Tenn., writes me on Aug. loth 1903:

"The little pig just received is a beauty,
I am delighted with him — wouldn't take
twice twenty dollars tor him. He is thor-
oughly patrician. I expect great things
from him at the head of my herd of Royal Berkshires."

So send to Thos. S White for patrician pigs rather than buy plebeians for a little
less, do not be "penny wi.se and pound foolish," and especially in thoroughbreds.
I have had 13 sows to farrow in past few days mth over 20 more nearly due, order
promptly for fall shipments, I never have enough to go round.
Short Horn (Durham Cattle) for sale. Write for particulars.

THOS. S. WHITE, Fassifern Stock Farm, Lexington, Va.

When corresponding with our advertisers always mention the
Southern Planter.

604

THE SOUTHERN PT.AXTER.

[September

On the Jersey farm there is a cream-
ery, and many other conveniences, all
of which will be (hiplicatea, or im-
proved upon, when the World's Fair
stables are erected for the final test.

In all former tests at international
expositions the stables have not been
open to the public. At St. Loula • Ik-
foot promenade extends around the
barn, and the visitor may see every
cow and may observe the feeding and
milking A screen protects the ani-
mals, behind which no one save the
attendants can go.

Everv ounce of food and water siven
each cow will be carefully welghen ana
a record kept.

A huge silo will be built adjoinin,;
the stables. A field of 20 acres of corn
is now growing near Claj'ton. and this
will be stored in the great silo for food
next summer. Alfalfa will also be
brought from Colorado.

All feeding and milking will be done
in the stable. The milk will be turned
over to the Dairy Department, and in
a model dairy in the Palace of Agricul-
ture it will be converted into butti^r
and cheese and a careful record of each
cow's participation in the test will be
kept.

With the herd will be Flying Fox,
the famous Jersey bull owned by Thos.
W. Lawson. of Boston. Mr. Lawson
recently refused an offer of $l.T.n00 for
the bull.

Among the prominent Jersey cattle
breeders who have made entries are
C. I. Hood, of Lowell. Mass., and Geo.
Vanderbilt. of Biltmore, N. C.

VOUCHED FOR HER.
In a certain mountain town lived a
little boy of four, who was very much
frightened at the thought of a bear —
in fact, it was the only animal or
thing he was afraid of — and his mother
in trying to keep him from running
Into the street and playing in the irri-
gating ditches, and wandering away to
a little unkept park, told him he must
not go, for there were bears there.
This frightened William, and the fol-
lowing day he sat on the dcorstep in
a very ijuiet and thoughtful mood.
When asked by the village clergyman,
who was passing by, why he did not go
out and play, William replied. "I must
not go out of the gate, for there are
bears in the roads and down in the
park."' The minister laughingly re-
plied. "No. there's no bears anywhere
around." but William Insisted that
there were, as his mamma had told him
that there were. The minister said.
"Let's go in and ask mamma about It,"
and mamma had to acknowledge that
she had simply told William that to
keep him from running away from
home. When alone with the little bov
the mother said, "William, mamma is
sorry that she told you a story about
the hears, and I guess we had better
ask God to forgive her," whereupon
William said. "Mamma, you had better
let me ask God. for maybe He wouldn't
believe you." — E\'a Pierce Finch, in
September Llpplncott's.

CHAMPION PRINCE ¥
RUPERT No. 79,539, ',.
.... at head of herd >'

HEREFORDS

-:' A Few High Class Bulls and Calves For Sale

|; wHteme EDWARD G. BUTLER,

l4 before buying •..- = .,,= ,„ c..^<.

elsewhere.

Send for

illustration of

Prince Rupert.

WtefGu HEBEFOtfl GfllTLL

Service Bulls ; Imported Salisbury 76059 (19083). Lars Jr. 85297.

FOR SALE — A choice lot of bull calves and yearling bulls. The bull calves sold recently
weighed 600 lbs. at 6 mos old. Call and make your own selection Prices right.

MURRAY BOOCOCK, Owner, Keswick, Va.

1 1 1 1 1 1 1 i ao^ecg

Bacon Hall Farm.

Hereford REGiSTEREDGattie

"TOP" BRBEDINQ, CALVES NOT AKIN.
MOTTO— Satisfaction or no sale.

E. M. QILLET & SON,

Qlencoe, flaryland

SHROPSHIRE SHEEP.— Buckt. One year Old and over, gl5to$20. Back Lamba, Jal7 dellTerr,
110 to in. Ewe Lambs, July delirerj, $8 and flO.

POLAND-CHINA HOGS.— FIga, six week! old, $5. Plga, two or three months old, t7 .50. Plga,
flye moalha and over, $15 to J20.

M. BRONZE TURKBYS.—Toma,$l. Hens, 83. Eggs, per sitting of 12, whenln season, »4.

MUSOOVY DUCKS.— Pure White Drakes, 81.26. Pure White Ducks, $1. Pairs, J2.25. Trios, tS.

BARRED PLYMOUTH ROCKS.

ROUBN QBESE. -Ganders, 82.60. Geeae, $2.50. Eggs, per aitting, $3.

WILLIAM L., Jr., No. 21058, half brother of Aitell, will aetve a limited number of marea lor »2»
tb* season, llaret boarded at lowest figures per month.

1903.]

THE SOUTHERN PLANTEK.

605

DIVIDED IN TASTE.

One morning, as Jiioge C, of N. Co.,
Va., was starting for the town, he was
approached by one of his negroes, who,
with more or less confusion, asked:

"Massa, when yo' goes to do Co't-
House will yo" git me a license? I's
gwine to be mar'ed."

"Married, are you, Sam? All right,"
called the Judge as he hastily drove off.
Arrived at the court-house, he spent a
very busy day, and it was not until he
was preparing to leave that he remem-
bered Sam's license and realized thai
he had not been told the name of the
bride-elect.

"The old idiot, he never told me who
he wants to carry, but, of course, Ifa
Lucinda; he's always making eyes at
her." So saying he returned to the
court-house and had the license made
out in the names of Sam and Lucinda.
Sam was the first to greet him upon
his return with the inquiry:

■'Git my license, Massa?"

"Yes, Sam, you old fool. You didn't
tell me who you want to marry, but I
remembered how you're always hang-
ing around courting Lucinda and got
the license in her name."

"Lawd, Massa!" exclaimed Sam,
" 'taint Lucindy, it's Kyarline. What's
I gwine ter do. Massa?"

"Well," said the Judge, "the only
thing will be for me to get anothm-
license to-morrow."

"Massa," said Sam, "did yo' pay any-
t'ing fur dem license?"

"Yes, Sam, a dollar and seventy-five
cents."

"Will anuther license cos' anyt'ing?"
asked Sam.

"Yes. Sam. a dollar and seventy-five
cents more," reeplied the Judge.

After scratching his woolly pate for
a few minutes Sam replied:

"Well, Massa, I done axed Kyarline
an' she sed 'Yase,' but fo' de Lawd,
dere ain't no dollar an' seventy-five
cents' difference in dem two niggers,
so ri' jus' take T>ucindy." — Prudence
Baxter, in September Lippincott's.

The artist wrote from New York to
the farmer with whom he spent the
summer: "I have sold for $1.50 that
picture I painted of your cow."

"Think of it. Maria." the good man
said to his wife as he read the letter.
"Why. I'd have sold the cow herself
for $75!"

"What did you let that little fellow
call you a liar for?"

"Oh. I never fight a smaller man
than myself. There's no glory in lick-
ing him — and there's always the possi-
bility that I might get licked."

Judge: Then, sir, when you were lie-
ing assaulted, why did you not call for
an officer?

Witness: Call a policeman, your hon-
or? Wasn't I assaulted sufficiently as
It was?

Mention the Southern Planter wheo
corresponding with advertisers.

R05EM0NT HEREFORDS.

?l^"/A°Mg'u8 ACROBAT 68460,

Assisted by Maequis of Salisbury 16th 138894, the best son of

imp. Salisbury. Correspondence solicited. Vi.sitors welcome.

C. E. CLAPP. Berryville, Clarke Co., Va.

JOHN S. FUIVK,

GLEN FARM,

— IMPORTER AND BREEDER OF —

Polled

Durham

Cattle,

Shropshire Sheep,
Southdown Sheep,

Poland°China Hogs. Berkshire Hogs. All carefully bred re;
SINGER'S GLEN. VA.

DEDERICK'S

The Hind to Buy
They lUways Satisfy

Dederick's Columbian

THE LATEST BOX BALING PRESS

made, which has many advantages no other bo-\
press possesses. In construction, adaption of
power, economy and utility, it is a wonder.
For full detailed description, price, etc., of th
and many others. send for our /*jff catalogue
it will save you money— Send to-day.

P. K, DEDERICK'S SONS, 76 Tlvoll St.7 Albany, Nrv

Improved Low Down Pennsylvania
Force Feed Fertilizer Grain Drill

will use no other kind. The general verdict is
that it is the best machine on (he farm. Made in
sizes with either hoe or disc. We will send
you FKEE a special book telling all about it and
what it has done to make better paying crops.
Adapts itself to all conditions. Address
A. B. FARQUHAR CO.. Ltd., York. Pa.

T STANDS FOR BIG CROPS.

For 1

lifori
npy, damp or dry fe:

■ibut]

STANDARD EVERYWHERE.

ms FULLY WARRANTED.

. nothing i

Low- Down

iGrainand Fertiizer L

i force feed for ferUlizt^r. grnin and grass seed. Dr. Us
any depth, perfect regulation, low steel or wood frame, high
' ■'" ■ " ' Easy to tlU and operate. Light

SPANGLEHo

wheels with br 'ad tj

draft. Investigate before buyinp. Write for free cataloerue.
|SPAMGLER MANFG. CO.. 501 ftTTEEN STREET, YORK, PA.

Pkof. John SI'ENfEK. Veti-rln

?lnin Asrlcultu

Chloro-Naptholeum Dip

* ' Insures the Destructions of Mites. Outbreaks which have uome under our notice have
been thoroughly stamped out by dipping in a 2 per cent solution of Chloro Naptholeum Dip."

Ifyou've tried it you know how good it is. If you haven't, try It now. One Gfillon sent pre-
paid upon receipt of SI. ■'^O. money order or check. Booklet free. It can make money for you.
F. V. GUNN & CO., Richmond, Va.. Agts. Va. & N. C. • The WEST DISINFECTING CO.. Inc., Mfrs.

606

THE SOUTHERX PLAXTEE.

[September

THE PHILOSOPHY OF FELIX O.
PRYME.

In order to be popular, forget to say
a good deal.

The way to make a man forget a fa-
vor is to do him one.

Boomerantis and evil thovights act in
a similar fashion.

A big heart usually goes with a big
body, but a big head rarely does.

Wisdom is always conceded to a rich
man until he loses his riches.

Do not emphasize your own virtues
by enlarging on the failings of others

The most depressing humidity is that
caused by the tears of a woman.

A genius is a man who refuses to
believe in the impossibilities of other
people.

A safe way to judge a man is to as-
certain just what friends he doesn't
make.

No marriage ceremony has ever been
gone through without a hitch — of bride
and groom.

Some men who take a post-graduate
course are. in the long run, glad to be-
come letter carriers.

The claims to wisdom of owls and a
multitude of men rest upon their looks,
and nothing more.

The heartache of many a widow has
been tempered by the reflection that
she looks her best in black

To get rid of a bore, ask him to re
peat his longest and favorite story
twice. Even he cannot stand that.

A fool is generally a person who de-
tects your faults while you are in the
act of calling attention to his own.

The grievance of not a few women
against their husbands is that the lat-
ter give them no ground for grievances

The success of an amateur gardener
often depends upon the number and the
appetites of his neighbor's chickens.

Only a smart man can conceal from a
woman the fact that he isn't as smart
as he would wish her think he is.

If we could draw checks as easily as
we draw unkind inferences, autonio
biles would be as common as sparrows

One of the curious things about a
man who wants to borrow money from
you to-day is his ea.ger determination
to repay It to-morrow.

There are three stages in the exist
ence of the average man when he is of
particular interest to his community—
viz.. at his birth, marriage and funeral
— Success.

TAIL OF A TWISTED TALE.
A man once owned a balky mule

That blandishments resisted.
And, losing patience, he grabbed hold

Upon his tail and twisted.
Whereupon the mule looked back on
him

In mild, reproving sorrow.
And if the sad remains come down,

His funeral's to-morrow.

FORSAUe-Pure-bred Beagle pup of

the ti nest liuntint: strain. Will be ready
for hunting thi»; fall. C. T. SMITH,

Cro.xton, Caroline Co., Va.

EMPIRE DRILLS

ACCLRATELY MEASLRE

ALL KINDS OF GRAIN

IWiTHOUT CHANGE.

That is, if you set the Empire
Fred to sow any amount from 24
to 13s quarts per acre, it will sow
t'lactly that amount of wheat,
"■ats or any other small grain
without further change. A pood
' stand of grain is assured.when you
sow with an Empire Drill.
_ Empire Grain Drills do not bunch,

skip or choke. Made in all styles and sizes.
Write for Free Catalogues. _.,

EMPIRE DIVISION

AMERICAN SEEDING MACHINE COMPANY,
2S Monroe SIreel, Springlield, Ohio.

SLIPSHLGK

CUppT\ with a machine built especially for
OlilVtxU southern trade. Built for the pur=
pose. The only machine of
the kind. Shreds fine,
does not husk. Price two=
thirds that of huskers. A
ton of Keystone fodder is
worth a ton of the best hay.

WE

AL50
BUILD

the largest line of Huskers and Shredders of any manufacturer, also a
full line of Horse Powers, Jacks, Com Shellers, Haj' Balers, Mowers,
Seeders, Rakes, Loaders and Disc Harrows. _

Send for Catalogue and Prices. THE KEYSTONE CO.

ESTABLISHED SO -S-eARS. STERLIING, ILL,.

^ THE J^

SEABOARD

AIR LINE RAILWAY

OFFERS

PROFITABLE

INVESTMENTS

TO^

THE MANUFACTURER,
THE STOCK RAISER,
THE DAIRYMAN,
THE FRUIT GROWER,
THE TRUCKER.

WHERE YOUR LABOR IS NOT IN VAIN.

Would a country where work can be carried on the entire year and where
large profits can be realized interest you?

The SEABOARD Air Line Railway traverses six Southern States and a
region of this character. One two cent stamp will bring handsome illustrated
literature dcsciiptive of the section.

J, B. WHITE,
6en. Industrial Agt., Portsmouth, Va.

EDW, W. COST,
Traffic Mgr.

CHARLES B. RYAN,
Gen. Pass. Ag:t., Portsmouth, Va

1903.]

THE SOUTHERN PLANTER.

607

NOTHING TO SUGGEST.

Mt Uncle Hi's mind has an equable
poise.

Through seasons of drought and of
raining;

"III worry," he says, "we lose sight of
our joys.
And we spend too much time in com
plaining.
If the Lord, in His wisdom, sends
blessing or blight,
I'll take what He sees fit to proffer,
For I'm firm in the faith that He's run-
nin' things right.
An' I have no suggestions to offer.

"To the Lord, when it travail, no dolo

rous plea

t make, for my creed's not so narrow

As to think for a moment He'll lose

sight of me,

When He notes e'en the fall of the

sparrow.

He is there on His throne, an' so just

is His rule.

Alike to the saint and the scoffer,

I sit here at home jes' a-takin' thin.s^s

cool.

An' I have no suggestions to offer.

"It's a mighty good world that we live
in to-day.
For the good's all the time growin'
better.
An'," my Uncle Hi adds, in his comical
way,
"It satisfies me to the letter!
So I jes' keep t' work in the shadow an'
shine.
Bit by bit addin' gbld t' my coffer.
For the world's bein' steered by a Hand
that's divine.
An' I have no suggestions to offer."
■ — Roy ParreH Greene, in September
Success.

THE APPLE CROP.
At the recent National Apple Grow-
ers' Convention, Niagara Falls, N. V.,
a statistical report covering all the
apple-growing States and Canada was
issued. The apple crop for 1902 was
estimated at 47.625.000 barrels, and the
crop for 1903 at .54.fil4.000 barrels. The
crop in Canada last year was esti-
mated at 16,120,000 barrels, and for
190.3 at 13.300,000 barrels.

How was the scenery where you
spent your vacation?"

"The most expensive I ever gazed
at."

"What did your old uncle leave?"
"A lot of disgusted relatives and a

.iubilant young widow we'd never heard

of before."

V Cox^r /Vi:il^ For The Whole World ! i
;j A^dW i Til 11^ Big Ones and Little Ones ! ^

All sizes from i H. P. Farmers' Mill that cuts 3,000 feet a d«y, up to Ibe biggest Ibat's made, g

OVER 10,000 DELOACH PATENT SAW MILLS IN USE. ft

Our Large Catalog i

No. 66 ^

will- intere.st you. It illas- jj

trates ami tells all about the 2

famous LeLoach Patent Va= 2

riable Friction Feed Saw S

Hills, Shingle Mills, Planers, 5j

Edgers. Trimmers, Stave and ^

Lath Mills, Bolters, Cord ft

Wood and Drag Saws, Corn S

and Buhr Mills, Water Wheels, 8

]\Iill Gearing, Pulleys, Shaft- *

iug, Etc. ^

Please mention the Southern S

Plaster when writing us. J

We will appreciate it. J

JMiP MUNOFftClORING CO. , BOX 666 IIIIOPIO, GO New YOfK BfOOCH, 1 14 LWy 81. |

"J The Largest Saw Mill Manufacturing Plant in the World. *ii J:r 8

ABERDEEN-ANGUS CATTLE^

FOR SALE AT INTRODUCTORY PRICES-

Choice Bulls from 3
months to 2j4 years
old.

The Best Breed in
the world for
grading=up
purposes.
Call and see them or write for prices.
ROSEDALE STOCK FARM, Jeffersonton, Culpeper Co., Va.

CHARTERED 1870.

HEBGHANTS NATIONAL BANE

OF RICHMOND, VIRGINIA.
Capital Stock, - - - $200,000.00

Surplus and Profits, - - $628,000.00

Designated Depository of the United States, City of Richmond and Commonwealth

of Virginia.
Being the Largest Depository for Banks between Baltimore and New Orleans, this

Bank offers superior facilities for direct and quick collections.
JNO. P. BRANCH, JNO. K. BRANCH, JOHN F.GLENN,

President. Vice-President. Cashier.

608

THE SOUTHERX PLANTER.

[September

The following lUt of papers and periodical,
are the moat popular ones In thla aectlon.
We can SAVE YOU MONET on whatever
journal you wish.

DAILIES.

Price. With
_, Alone. Planter.

Times- Dispatch. Richmond, Va (6 00 |£ 00

The PoPt, Washington, D. C 6 00 6 00

The Sun, Baltimore, Md 3 Oo 840

News-Leader, Richmond. Va. s 00 S 00

TRI-WEBKLT.

The World (thrlce-a-week), N. Y.... 1 oO 1 J5

W'EBKLIBS.

Harper-s Weekly 4 00 4 on

Harper's Bazaar i.! xm «

Montgomery Advertiser ' 1 00 1 an

Nashville American ... BO

The Baltimore Sun 1 „« 1 «

Breeder's Gazette 2^ \^

Hoards Dairyman 1 ?? ? !?

Country QenUeman ■"■ ^ "" ^ ^

Central Presbyterian, ■■

1 BO 175

Tlmes-Dlspatch, Richmond, Va 1

Christian Advocate, " •• t m , „

Horseman ••■ l^ ^^^

S 00 3 00

SEMI-MONTHLIES.

Wool Markets and Sheep .... v, 75

Dairy and Creamery M "

Commtrclal Poultry e»

All three . . '^

MONTHLIES.
North American Review . . B no c n,

The Century Magazine...:.; 4^ 4 2

St. Nicholas Magazine IZ \ll

Lipplncott's Magazine Z^IZ If,

Harpers .Magazine 4 nn j nn

Forum Magazine Z 3^ t^

Scrlbner's Magazine "'soo 3K

Frank Leslies Magazine.... mo ,v

Cosmopolitan Magazine 1 00 1 ^^

Everybody's Maga7lne 1 00 1 S^

Munsey .Magazine '" 1 nn 1 0=

Strand .Magazine \% J^

McClure's Magazine 1 00 1 35

Argosy Magazine 1 00 1 35

Review of Reviews 2 60 2 75

Succes-sfiil Kiirmlnj,' 1 Oo 75

Bouthern Krult Grower 50 gj

Whero you desire to subscribe to two or
more of the publications named, you can ar-
rive at the net subscription price by deduct-
ing SO cents from "our price wkh the
PLANTER." If you desire to subscribe to
any other publications not listed here, write
us and we will cheerfully quote clubbing or
net subscription rates.

Subscribers whose time does not expire
until later can take advantage of our club
rates, and have their subscription advanced
one year from date of expiration of their
subscription to either the PLANTER or any
of the other publications mentioned.

Don't hesitate to write us for any Informa-
tion desired: we will cheerfully answer any
correspondence.

We furnish NO SAMPLE COPIES of other
periodicals

Seed House of the South.

JAPAN
BUR

CLOVER,
CLOVER,

KENTUCKY

BLUB GRASS,

BUCKWHEAT,
OATS aiHl
CANE SEED.

''Whatsoever One Soweth, That Shall He Reap."

We sell strictly reliable FIELD AND GARDEN SEEDS of every
variety at Lowest Market rates, included in which are

RAGLAND'S PEDIGREE TOBACCO SEEDS.

^ .^ ^ \NE ALSO SELL

Our Own Brands of Fertilizers

For Tobacco, Corn, Wheat, Potatoes, &c.

Pure Raw-Bone Meal, Nova Scotia and Virginia Plaster and
Fertilizing Materials generally.

Parties wishing to purchase will find it to their interest to price our goods.
Samples sent by mail when desired.

1016 Main Street,
LYNCHBURG, VA.

Wm. A. Miller & Son, ^

f Headquarters for
t Nursery Stock.

WHOLESALE

AND

RETAIL.

We make a specialty of handling dealers' orders.
ALL STOCK TRUE TO NAME.

Nectarines,

Cherry,

Quinces,

Almonds,

Pecans,
Chestnuts,
Walnuts,
Small Fruits,

Apples,

Pears,

Peach,

Plum,

Apricots,

CALIFORNIA PRIVET, tor Hedging.

. . AGENTS WANTED. . . ^

FRANKLIN DAVIS NURSERY CO., Baltimore, Md. ^

■t"t-t-|"l"B"l"f-f"!'f"f"|"f-f"fMt..tMf"|».i..».t...f..fr.t"!"t"l"f"g'

Ornamental and
Shade Trees,
Evergreens,
Roses, Etc.

WRITE FOR CATALOGUE.

1903.]

THE SOUTHERN PLANTER.

609

DOMESTIC ECONOMY.
To remove ink spots from gingham,
wet the spots with milk and cover them
with common salt. Let stand some
hours, then rinse in several waters.

To clean a kettle in which onions or
other rank vegetables have been cooli-
ed. rub with a cloth dipped in hot,
strong soda water, then wash in soapy
water.

A good way to fix your beeswax:
Place between two pieces of paper and
keep it near at hand, so that when the
starch sticks you can readily rub the
iron over It.

When making mince pies, the fat
that rises to the top of the liquid in
which the meat was boiled may be
skimmed off and utilized to good ad-
vantage in the place of suet.

A few drops of oil of lavender pour-
ed into a glass of very hot water will
purify the air in a room almost in-
stantly from cooking odors, and is es-
pecially refreshing in a sick room.

To clean decanters, get some old
pieces of blotting paper and soap them
well, roll the bits up small, and put
about twenty little pieces into the bot-
tle to be cleaned, then half fill the de-
canter with warm water. Let it stand
five minutes, and then shake well
another five minutes. Rinse with cold
water and set it to drain; when dry it
will be beautifully clear and bright.

Clothespins need washing occasion-
ally to keep them in good condition
It is a good plan to put them in the
hoiler after the clothes have been taken
out. After they have had a good wash
they should be thoroughly rinsed in
clean water.

To grind old scissors at home, saw
the blade on the neck of a glass bottle.
as if you were trying to saw that part
ofi'. In a short time the scissors will
be quite sharp.

Pour a little vinegar upon the stove
when you are cooking onions, turnip
or cabba.ge, and it will immediately
change the disagreeable odor. Cloves
will do the same.

Poultry should never be cooked until
twelve or fourteen hours after killing.

WHY SHE ENJOYED IT.

"I like to go to church," announced
Dottie. aged five, "because they sing
nice hymns about flowers and insects
and things to eat, and the man in the
night gown talks about birds."

"Why, Dottie," said her mother, "I
don't think there are any hymns about
insects and things to eat."

"There is so," insisted Dottie. "Last
Sunday we sang a beauty hymn about
•Bringing in the Cheese.' and to-day we
sang one what began, 'Just as_ I am
without one flea.' and when we got
through the man talked about a hawk
and two pigeons."

Subsequent inquiry revealed the fact
that the text had been. "Why halt ye
between two opinions?" — September
Lippincott's.

St. Hlbans

Scbool

Situated on a

Sunny Headland

above the

Banks of New River,

IN THE

Blue Gra.ss Region
OF Virginia

Prepares Boys

FOR UNIVERSITY OR
FOR BUSINESS.«?^-«'.£>

SEND FOB ANNU.\L CATALOGUE, IN WHICH IS
PUBLISHED "plan OF ST. ALBANS 8CH00L."

Address, W. H. RANDOLPH,
Head Alaster,

BaDFOKD, - - - V'iRGINIA

IS so NECESSARY TO THE

FARMER AND STOCK RAISER

that he caianot afford to be •without the

best means of pumping it.

ADVICE FREE

5j if application is made to us.

I Rams, Windmills, Gasoline Engines

^ for pumping and farm use

I SYDNOR PUMP & WELL CO., Inc.

I Box 949. RICHMOND, VA.

A WASHING MACHINE is as great a necessity in the house as a wringer

THE MAJESTIC ROTARY WASHER

has Loo many good points for explanation in an ad-
vertisement. Your name on a postal card will
bring our booklet, with full particulars of our six
different machines and how to get them. One of
them will certainly please you. All are made with
electrically welded wire hoops sunk in grooves — our
patent. Being the largest manufacturers of wood-
enware in the world, we can make better machines
for the money than any one else. If you want a
machine that washes, buy one of ours.

THE RICHMOND CEDAR WORKS, Richmond, Va.

610

THE SOUTHERX PLANTER.

[September

ai50<H>0<H><><H><H><>H«HXK><K>0<K><H5<H:H>CH>^^

I WAGONS and BUGGIES

MADE

RIGHT HERE

AT HOME

BY

I The BARBOUR BUGGY CO.,
i The HUGHES BUGGY CO.,

1

All of Virginia.

The VIRGINIA WAGON CO. j

These vehicles are guaranteed to be as good as can be bought elsewhere; material and
workmanship unsurpassed ; all sizes and styles, prices low. We can save you time,
money and freight by purchasing our vehicles. Send for our illustrated catalogues.
Drop in our warehouse and inspect our stock. Inquiries cheerfully answered.

AGENTS rOB. DEERING MACHINES.

RICHMOND BUGGY & WAGON CO., 1433 E. Main Street, RICHMOND, VA.

[ J. T- DUNN, Manager. \

The well hred stallion Whalebone, 7872, by Abdallah Wilkes, a successful son of the famous
progenitor of speed and race horse quality, Greorge Wilkes, 2 :22 : dam Mollie 0., by Abdallah, 15, sire
of Goldsmith Maid, 2:14; second dam Kate, by Pilot, Jr., sire of dams of Maud S., 2:08^; IN'utwood,
2 :lSf , the renowned sire, and others of pronounced fame.

Tn color Whalebone is the richest shade of dark mahogany bay. while well formed and handsome,

and in harness there are few horses in the land able either to outshow him or to exhibit more airiness
and style. With temper and disposition that are perfect, he is a road and pleasure horse of rare excel-
lence, never shies or pulls, and is afraid of nothing — in fact, is safe for a lady to drive. He was foaled
1883. but does not look his age by a decade, being well preserved and a horse of extraordinary vigor.
The Wilkes family excels all others in point of longevity, potency, and, it may be said, popularity, too,
as cited in lied Wilkes, aged 29 ; Jay Bird, aged 25 ; and Baron Wilkes, aged 21. The former served 40
mares this .season, Jay Bird 75, and Baron Wilkes 45. Tn order to make a quick sale, I am offering Whale-
bone for $175, probably less than half his value, and a sum which he can, in proper hands, just about
doul)le this fall in service fees. He is a sure foal getter, and sires uniformly good looking colts that de-

i>lop into large, handsome horses, the kind greatly in demand. Address

-^^W. J. CARTER, P. O. Box 929, Richmond, Va.

1903.]

THE SOUTHERN PLANTER.

611

A. C. SINTON. President.

R. R. GWATHMEY. Vice-President.
Jl Jl Jl Jl Jl

J. J. SUTTON, Secretary,

ESTABLISHED 1840.

The watt PLOW CO.,

15th & Franklin and 14th & Main Sts., Richmond, Va.

Agricultural Implements,
Machinery, Vehicles and
Harness. ^^ ^ ^ ^

INCORPORATED 1893.

PEEBLESS ENGINE.

HOCKING V.4LLEY FEED CUTTER.

DAIN CORN CUTTER.

STAR SWEEP MILL.

SECTIONS OF WIRE FENCE.

A full Stock always on hand, and
prompt shipments guaranteed. South
Bend, Dixie and Farmer's Friend
Plows and repairs. The Hancock Ro-
tary Disc Plow, warranted to go in
the ground where all others fail.

Hocking Valley Feed Cutters, Cy-
clone Shredders, Smalley Feed Cutters,
Dain Corn Cutters. Equal to any made.
Staver Buckeye Feed Mill and Horse
Power Combined. Star Sweep Mill.
Either grinds corn on cob or shelled.

Whitman All-Steel, full circle Hay
Presses. George Ertel Company's full
circle Hay Presses. Rapid Fire Horse
Power Hay Press, for one horse, a good,
cheap press. Will put up from 1.50 to
200 hales a day. The well known Min-
nich Brand Baling Presses.

Hocking Valley Wine and Cider
Mills. Hard wood rollers. The best
mill made.

Hocking Valley Corn Shellers, for
hand or power. Smalley Electric Pole
and Wood Saws, for steam or horse
power. Peerless Engines and Saw
Mills always in stock. Several good
second-hand Engines and other second-
hand machinery for sale. "Pittsburgh
Perfect" fencing, electrically welded.
See cuts showing weld. Barb Wire,
Plain Galvanized Wire, Baling Wire
and Bale Ties. Continental Disc Har-
rows. Buffalo and Lean Spike Harrows.

The celebrated Columbus, Ohio, Bug-
gies, Carriages, Runabouts, and Traps.

Farm Wagons and Delivery Wagons,
a complete stock.

Correspondence solicited.

sriKK HARROW.

612 THE SOUTHERX PLAXTEK. [September

A LIBERAL OFFER.

(s4m^^4- -i-.^>- ». h »-;«.

t

3 Months Trial Subscription

«»

«»

i: FOR 10 CENTS OR 3 FOR 25 CENTS.

«•»

=T0 THE=

Southern Planter

J This liberal offer sliould be accepted by thous=
ands who are not now readers.
Send in at once.

««•

«»
«»
«»

I The SOUTHERN PLANTER, Richmond, Va.

«•

1903.]

THE SOUTHERN PLANTER.

613

HIS CHOICE.

It is told of the late Senator Matt
Carpenter that one day while chatting
with friends in a committee room the
conversation turned on the relative
merits of religious sects. Nearly every
member of the party belonged to some
church, and there had been an ani-
mated discussion, Senator Carpenter
pacing up and down, listening intently
enough, but saying not a word.

"What church do you belong to. Car-
penter?" asked one.

"I don't belong to any."

"Why don't you join one?"

"I don't want to. None exactly suits
my views."

"What one would you join if you
were to feel forced to a choice?"

"The Catholic, by all means?"

"And why the Catholic?"

"Because they have a purgatory, and
that's a motion for a new trial." — The
Omaha Bee.

When the new puppies were discov-
ered to be blind Teddy was very un-
happy. His auntie assured him that
God would open their eyes in due time.
When bedtime came Teddy was heard

adding a petition to his prayers:

"Dear God, do please hurry up and
finish those puppies!" — September Llp-
pincott's.

TheHESSLER

ROUND, STRONQ, DURABLE.

No Flip-Flap Contrivances.
You can scrape the mail out with your
mittens on. PRICE

A square box is bothersome. $1 .00.

Our box is the best and cheapest, fully up to the government's requirements.
Disco-crtTO? lar xjozesst XjOts.

H. E. HESSLER CO., Dept. Z., Syracuse, New York.

Established by
GEO. WATT, 1840.

MANUFACTUREP AND DEALER

THE CALL-WATT CO., '%Z';''^°.,tt':'-

Implements, Machinery and Vehicles.

THE DEERE AND PITTS DISC HAR-
ROWS, STEEL SHANKS, DUST
PHOOF BEARING BOXES. FLEX-
IBLE GANGS, allQwing Inner ends
to rise and fall independently.

ALL STEEL LEVER HARROWS.

Made up of sections of 25 teeth each.

THE EMPIRE DRILL, Disc or
Hoe sows all kinds of grain, corn,
peas, beans and fertilizers in most ap-
proved manner. Is equipped with the
celebrated Empire Grain Feed and
Mark's Fertilizer Force Feed.

LAND ROLLERS, with wood staves
or solid steel rims. All sizes.

FULL CIRCLE HORSE
POWER PRESSES, HAND
AND STEAM POWER.
RAPID IN OPERATION,
SIMPLE, STRONG, AND
LOW IN PRICE.
Guaranteed to give satisfaction.
Built of best material and fully guar-

BALING PRESSES FOR
HAY, STRAW, PLUNK.
PEA VINES, COTTON,
AND ALL PRODUCTS RE-
QURING BALING.

THE GARDNER PEA HULLER. Does not break peas and will not choke,
THE IMPERIAL ONE-HORSE WAGONS. Steel Axle and Thimble Skein.

anteed.
THE MOLINE WAGON. Light Running and Durable. Guaranteed to be made of first class air dried timber.

Handsomely finished, and has features not found in any other.

PLOWS AND PLOW REPAIRS of all kinds. We make plows for all purposes and sell them on their merits.

FEED AND ENSILAGE CUTTERS, CORN SHELLERS, ENGINES, SAAV MILLS, CORN AND COB MILLS,
ETC., ETC.
We solicit inquires for anything desired.

B^ltweenMrn^rnfc:::' RICHMOND, VA. THE CALL=WATT CO.

Bet>ween Main and oary. '

614

THE SOUTHERN PLANTER.

[September

BUTTER STORY WITH A MORAL.
A few days ago two farmers came to
town and both brought butter for sale.
One of the farmers had his product
pressed into neat, compact, half-pound
packages, and he readily sold it at 25
cents a pound. He told the Herald
man that he could not meet the de-
mand for his butter. The other had
his butter in a bucket, and it looked
soft and watery. After tramping
around town from place to place try-
ing to sell he gave up in disgust and
said It was no use to bring butter to
town to sell, as nobody would buy it.
This little relation of facts carries with
it a moral. Can you not guess what
that moral is?— Palestine Herald.

TRUTH COMES OUT.

"Are you blind by nature?" asked
the charitably-inclined citizen.

"No. sir," candidly replied the beg-
gar; "I'm blind by profession." —
Chicago Dally News.

The onion is a homely plant.
And rank as most that grows.

And yet it beats to mix with soup
The lily or the rose.

The Chesapeake & Ohio Railway

Extending from Cincinnati and Louisville, and
THROUQi ITS CONNECTIONS....

THE BIG FOUR SYSTEM, from Chicago, St. Louis, Peoria, Indianapolis,

Sandusky and Cleveland ;
THE OHIO CENTRAL LINES, from Toledo and Columbus;
THE CINCINNATI, HAMILTON & DAYTON, from Detroit, Toledo, Lima
and Dayton —

FORMS THE MOST DIRECT *"'Ho'r.KuV.:/r ROUTE.

To STAVNXO]K, LVNCHBVRC, CHARLOXXEttVILLE,
RICHMOND, PETER»BTTRG, PIURFOLK,
And Principal Virginia Poi>'t».

H. W. FULLER, Qen. Pass. Agt. C. & 0. Ry., Washington, D. C.

When corresponding with our advertisers always mention the
Southern Planter.

Latest Improved FARM IMPLEMENTS.

Sclentllu- Sli'i-1 Corn IliirvestiT.

Tbe best Harvester on earth, for standing corn

Safety seats. Safety shafts.

ROSS....

Fodder Cutters, Fodder
Shredders, Cuttersfor all
purposes, Corn Shcllers,
Grinding MUlB, Uorsc
Powers and Wood Saws.

Special iirlces t^iven on Studel^aker and-,
Brown Wagons, Buggies and Carts.

Studebaker Buggies, all styles, Studebaker
Carriages, Studebaker Carts, Stude-
baker Runabouts.

Buckeye Force Pumps. Porce-
lained Wood Pumps. Wood and
Steel Wind Mills.

Superior Grain and Fertilizer
Drills. Hoe and Disc.

>uperior Qrain Drills.
Plala and Fertilizer Hoe and
Drills -All sizes.

Disc

TIGER Steel and Wood Self-Ilump
GRANGER Steel and Wood Hand-Dump
all sliies.

ELI BALING PRESSES.

Rakes,
Rakea,

HENING & NUGKOLS.

Successors to

CHAS. E. HUNTER,

m-ii I in SI.,

1903.]

THE SOUTHERN PLANTER.

615

"MOORE" QUALITY

J. s.

Successors to D. O'SULLiVAN, and J. S. MOORE & SONS

CORNER EiaHTEENTH & MAIN STREETS.

Wholesale and Retail

"MOORE" QUANTITY

RICHMOND. VIRQINIA.

... Grocers, Feed and Liquor Dealers ...

.WE CAN SAVE YOU MONEY.

Read carefully below our low prices on best Groceries, Feed and Liquors.
i^*SPECIAL ATTENTION GIVEN TO OUT OF TOWN ORDERS.

Granulated Sugar, per lb 5

Light Brown Sugar, per lb 4i

Lion Coflee. per lb 9

Arbuckle's Coffee, per lb 9 J

Best Green Tea, per lb 75

Choice Green Tea, per lb 60

Good Green Tea, per lb 40 & SO

Black Tea, Best, per lb 50

Good Bla'ck Tea, per lb 40

Fair Black Tea, per lb 25

Best Rice, per lb 8

Good Rice, per lb 5

Pure Leaf Lard, per lb 10

Good Leaf Lard, per lb. ., 9

Cooked Sliced Ham, per lb 12 J

Good Salt Pork, per lb 7

Choice Salt Pork, per lb 9

Best Salt Pork, per lb 10

Best Potted Ham and Tongue, can. 4

I lb. can Chipped Beef JO

New N. C. Cut Herrings, dozen,

10c. , or, per bbl 1.25

New N. C. Roe Herrings, dozen,

18c.. or, per bbl 2.75S

Our Pride of Richmond Flour, best

patent, per bbl 4. .50

Our Daisy Flcui-, good patent, per

bbl 4.25

Our Excelsior Flour, good family.

per bbl 3.75

Fresh Soda Crackers, per lb 5

Ginger Snaps, per lb 5

Fresh Mixed Cakes, per lb 8

I) bars Colgate's Octagon Soap .... 25
7 bars Octagon Shape Soap. 10-oz.

cakes for 25

10 bars Moon Soap, 8-ounce cakes. 25

12 bars Hustler Soap, 8-oz cakes. . 25

Small California Hams, per lb. . . . 9 J

Good Salmon, can, 9c.; 3 cans. ... 25

Large Mackerel, each 10

Large cans Good Tomatoes, can . . 8

Large cans Best Tomatoes, can ... 9

2 lb. cans Best Tomatoes, can .... 6

Largo Juicy Lemons, dozen 12

Green Coffee, per lb., 9c.; 3 lbs. ... 25

Quart Mason Jars of Light Syrup. 10

i gallon Can Light Syrup 20

1 gallon can Light Syrup 40

^: bbl. Clipped Herrings 2.75

200 pound sack salt, per sack 85

100 pound sack salt, per sack 45

Best Full Cream Cheese, per lb.. 15

Lump Starch, per lb 4

Best Water Ground Meal, per peck,

20c. ; per bushel 75

Best Ship Stuff, per 100 1.10

Best Bran or Brown Stuff, per 100. 1.00

Best Mixed Oats, per bushel 45

Porto Rico Molasses, per gallon.. 35

New Orleans Molasses, per gallon. 50

Good Dark Molasses, per gallon.. 20

3 plugs of any 10c. Tobacco for 25c.,
such as Peach, Plum. Grape, Reynold's

CHOICE WINES AND LIQUORS.

Moore's Crown, fine, per gal $3.00

Moore's Excelsior, fine, per gal .... 2.00
Moore's Keystone. 3 years old, per

gal 2.50

Moore's Old Capital, 2 years old,

per gal 1.50

Pure Va. Apple Brandy, gallon... 3.00
Maryland Apple Brandy, gallon.. 2.25
Imported Sherry Wine, gallon . . 3.00

Good Gin, per gallon 2.00

Best Gin, gallon 2..".0

Best N. C. Corn Whiskey, per gal.. 2.00

Best Catawba, per gallon 45

Blackberry Wine, per gallon 45

Good Port or Sherry Wine, gallon. 1.00
New England Rum, per gallon. . . . 2.00
7 year old Pure Rye, 1896, Good

Hyspire Brand, per gallon 3.50

Duffy's Malt Whiskey, per bottle,

80c. ; per dozen 9.00

O'Grady's Malt Whiskey, per bottle,

80c. ; per dozen 9.00

McDermott's Malt Whiskey, per

bottle, 80c. ; per dozen 9.00

Pure Scotch Whiskey, User Brand,

per quart 1.15

Pure Pulcher Mountain Whiskey,

per quart 1.15

Pure Savage Mountain Whiskey,

4 years old, very fine, gallon. . . 3.00

Sun Cured and other brands.
Jug and bottle orders given special attention.

We have everything in the Grocery, Liquor and Feed line, and can furnish anything not quoted
at lowest market price. Prices on Staple Groceries and Feed subject to market changes.

SEND US YOUR ORDERS. ,^2?

616

THE SOUTHERN PLANTER.

[September

SENSIBLENESS.

1 was in a hardware store a few days
ago. and a hustling German farmer en-
leied. The proprietor shool< hands
with him. and asl<ed about the pros-
])pcts of his crop. Among other things
he aslved how he was getting along
with his haying.

•My hay is all in der barn und
sta'-k." replied the farmer.

••Well.' said the proprietor, '•you are
lucky — one of the luckiest mi^n In this
section. More than half the farmers
had hay down when tJie storm came on
yesterday. There will be lots of dam-
aged hay around here. Many ithat
didn't get caught by tne storm of last
week got caught yesterday. Yes. sir;
you are a lucky man." He then step-
peri out to speak to a customer.

The farmer turned to a clerk, and
with a grimace said; "He say dot I am
lucky. Dere vas no luck aboud it — it
vas just blam sensibleness! I vent
afder dot hay. und I got it. Does he
tink dot I vas so foolish as to cut
grass ven it was looking like rain all
alioud? I cut ven it look like fair red-
der, und den I go afder dot hay like a
stesm engine, und ged it. Den he say
dot I vas Iticky! Ha,_ha!"

Sure enough, it was merely plain
"sensibleness." For some time tne
weather has been squally. Some farm-
ers watched the indications closely, and
when it was plain that we would have
at least two or three days of fair wea-

ther, they "went after the hay Mk.^
steam engines," and got it up in splen-
did shape. They had everything ready
and oiled, and when the time to "go
after it " came, they went. The other
fellows cut when they got ready, hop-
ing that the weather would be fair,
and they have a lot of damaged hay on
hand. There is lots of luck in "plain
sensibleness." as well as in going after
a thing like a steam engine.

WHAT HE MIGHT HAVE DONE.

"See here, young man," said the min-
ister, •■you never paid me that fee for
marrying you."

■'You're mighty lucky I haven't sued
you for damages." — From Tit-Bits.

A passenger on a train, being greatly
irritated by the voices of a drove of
children in the same coach, scowled on
the woman by whom they were accom-
panied and exclaimed: "Svhat is this —
a family or a picnic?" "These are all
mine." replied the woman, severely,
•'and it is no picnic!"

Question — If it takes a farmer two
weeks to dig a barrel of apples, how
long will it take a mosquito to crawl
through a barrel of molasses? Answer
— There is no place like home.

Little 'Willie from the city watched
the cows lying placidly in the bam
lot. and said: "Uncle John, you must
have to pay a lot of money for chewin.g
gum for your cows. " — Colman's Rural
World.

What's the difference between Niag-
ara Falls, an automobile and a ham
sandwich? Niagara Falls is run by
water power, and an automobile is run
by gasoline. But what about the ham
sandwich? There's where you bite.

Boarder — "Here's an account in the
paper of a man who married four wo-
men in one day." Mrs. De Hash —
"Why, the horrible brute: Who was
he?" Boarder — ••Rev. Mr. Longcoat.
the preacher. Married four couples,
see?"

Do You Ship Apples?

If so, let us call your attention to the California and Oregon apple
boxes, the coming packages for nice apples, particularly for foreign
shipments. SOUTHSIDE M'F'G. CO., Petersburg, Va.

— FOR SALE —

Fine young Jack, sure foal getter, and his colts are good
ones. Will be priced right to party meaning business.
Address,

WHITNEY B. DAVIE,

WHITNEY STOCK FARM.

RICHMOND. V*.

— FOR SALE —

Featherbone, a richly coated dark bay or brown colt,
foaled May 27, 1902. Sired by 'Whalebone, 7872. dam
Alcyrene, 2:27J, trial, 2: 19 J, by Alcyone, 2:27; second dam
Bessie Oliver, by Kearsarge, the son of Volunteer and
famous Clara, dam of Dexter, 2:17i, and Dictator; third
dam Jessie, by Volunteer, and back of tha't the golden blood
of Mambrino Chief. This colt is inbred to George Wilkes,
his sire and dam being grandson and granddaughter, re-
spectively, of that world famous progenitor of race horse
quality and speed. Alcyone got McKlnney, 2:1H, the great
sire of race winners that sold for $25,000 in 1902, and nearly
paid for himself that season in stud fees. This colt is
high class Individually, and partakes of the beauty of form
and finish so often seen in his family. Price, $125, which
is far less than his real value. Address

W. J CARTER,

p. O. BOX 929

RICHMOND, VA.

Pedigrees traced and tabulated. Catalogues compiled and
circulars prepared. Special attention given registration
matters pertaining to thoroughbreds and trotting horses

. . . BT . . .

w. J. CARTER (Broad Rock),

P.O. Box 929 RICHMOND, VA.

Representing the ....

The TiMEfc-Disp.\TCH, Richmond, Va.
SoLTHEKS Planter, Richmond, Va.
Spobts of tue Times, New York.
KENxrcKT Stock Farm. Lexington, Ky.
Breeder .akd Sportsma.n. San Francisco, Gal.

WHALEBONE, 7872.

Sired by Abdallah Wilkes, son of George Wilkes, 2.22.

dam Maggie 0., by Abdallah, 15, sire of Goldsmith Maid.

2.14; second dam Viley Filly, by Pilot, Jr., sire of dam of
Maud S., 2.083.

Note. — Whalebone is a richly colored bay horse of fine
size, handsome and well formed. His disposition is perfect
He has sired Visitor, 2.261, and other winners.

FEE, $15, with usual return privilege.
Address W. J. CARTER,

P. O. BOX 929. RICHMOND, VA.

The Southern Planter.

DEVOTED TO

PRACTICAL AND PROQRESSIVB AGRICULTURE, HORTICULTURE,
TRUCKING, LIVE STOCK AND THE FIRESIDE.

Agriculture is the nursing mother of the Art8.°=XBNOPHON.
Tillage and pasturage are the two breasts of the State. --SULLY.

64tii Year.

Richmond, October, 1903.

No. 10.

Farm Management.

WORK FOR THE MONTH.

The mouth of September up to this time (20th)
has been very like the preceding ones of the summer,
cooler than normal and showery, though not quite so
far from the normal as August, there having been
about a week of really typical September weather,
warm, clear and with nights dewy, but not too cold.
This has helped crops to maturity, and corn and to-
bacco are being cut all over the State and the adjoin-
ing ones. Further South the crops are mostly har-
vested except cotton, and this is being picked in all
the States growing it. The first bale of Virginia
cotton was marketed in Petersburg about the 17th of
September. Cow peas are being cut for hay, and
second crops of clover and grass are being cut, and
excellent yields are being secured. The corn crop
of the South, except upon the river low grounds, is
probably one of the best ever made, certainly this is
so in Virginia. On the low grounds whilst there are
some good crops, yet the majority are not up to the
highest average. The land was too wet and cold at
planting time, and g.id stands were not secured, and
the weather has during all the gi-owing season been
too showery to permit of as frequent cultivation as
should have been given. We know of many crops
that have not had more than one working, and in
which the weeds are nearly as tall as the corn. This
will cut down the yield considerably. A good deal
of the crop is also late, and should we have early frost
will suffer some injury. In this respect, however, we
are much better off than the Western States, where
the crop is also late, and already in many places much
injured by frost. A gentleman from Dakota, a

farmer in that State, called. upon us a few days ago,
and in the course of conversation said that he had
crossed the whole corn belt in the course of his jour-
ney to this State, and that no where in the course of
that long journey of 1,500 miles had he seen a corn
crop so good as in Virginia. He was astonished with
the crops he saw here. Not only was this the case
with the corn crop, but with the coav pea and other
fodder crops. He went to see Mr. Bellwood's crops
at DrcM'ry's Bluff, Va., and saw them cutting cow
peas and millet for hay. He said that he never saw
as much feed cut off an acre of land anywhere in the
West as was being ciit there, and this Avas not an ex-
ceptional field, but only one of many containing
scores of acres equally good. Notwithstanding an
abnormal season, the South is going to have "hog and
hominy" in abundance for all, and more feed for live
stock than probably ever before. This is largely to
be accounted for in the greater attention given to the
growing of forage crops. These are now staple crops,
and are the indications, of the greater attention given
to live stock breeding and feeding in the South. This
means that our people are becoming "farmei*s" and
not "planters," and that greater prosperity is to be
rheir lot in the near future.

The conclusion of spring wheat harvesting in the
Northwest has been marked by disastrous weather,
and our prediction as to the shortage in the wheat
crop is being fulfilled. The crop of winter and
spring wheat together is going to be more than one
hundred million bushels less than that of last year,
and as the wheat crop of the world is also likely to be

618

THE SOUTHERN PLAls^TER.

[OccobJi-

a short one, we see no reason to alter our opinion that
wheat will see a material advance in price; indeed,
it is already worth from 10 to 15 cents more per
bnshel than it was a year ago. Corn is also likely, in
onr opinion, to be worth more money, as the Western
crop is a late one, and certain to be mnch of it imma-
ture when frost strikes it. The oat crop is very
greatly below that of last year in quantity, and much
of it is badly damaged. This will help to enhance
the value of corn, as these two great feeding crops are
used interchangeably. Whenever either crop is short
the other always advances in price, and when both are
short, as will be the case this year, they both ad-
vance.

The average condition of the tobacco crop is in ad-
vance of the condition for several years, but we are
afraid from what we hear that the quality is not likely
to be of the best. There is pretty general complaint
that the quality is coarse, and that there will be diffi-
culty in securing a nice cure. We would urge that
care be taken in this work, and that of grading the
leaf when cured. For the best tobacco, notwithstand-
ing what is being said as to the action of the trusts in
depressing prices, we believe there will be a fair price
paid, but it will largely depend upon the handling of
the crop in curing and grading as to what each indi-
vidual grower will obtain. We believe it is going to
pay growers to do some of the work of the rehandlers
for themselves this year. ^Vhatever may be the out-
come of the sales, one thing seems to be certain, that
tobacco growers will need to organize themselves in
order successfully to cope with the triists. This
should not be a difficult matter, and we tnist that
growers will devote some of their time during the
winter to this work, so that the next crop to be plant-
ed shall be only such an one as can be marketed with
profit to the growers. There are plenty of other
crops which can be grown at a profit until the trusts
are made to understand that they must be prepared
to give such prices for the product as will nay the
growers or the crop will n.ot be grown.

(^otton is being picked all over the cotton bolt, and
is likely, if the weather continues open, to make a
better yield than at one time seemed possible. The
price is still high, and the indications are for this to
be maintained. Stocks are low and the demand good.

Sweet potatoes are making a good yield. The sec-
ond crop of Irish potatoes is not going to be up to the
average, as much of the seed rotted from the excessive
rains at planting time. It will pay to give attention

to this crop, as the Irish potato crop of the country
is very seriously affected with blight, and will not be
likely to be large or to keep well.

The work of sowing the wheat and oat crops should
receive immediate attention. It is already late to
sow winter oats, but where the land is well prepared
and the seed drilled so as to get good cover, they may
yet be seeded upon well drained, sound land. Wheat
should not be seeded until we have had frost, so as to
avoid damage from the fly. In the mean time, let all
the work possible be done on the land to make the seed
bed a perfect one. More depends upon this than
upon the quantity or quality of the fertilizer used.
Have the under surface soil compact and the top two
or three inches as fine as possible. To secure this
condition of soil the roller and the harrow should be
kept going. Where wheat is to follow corn, the corn
should be cut as soon as possible, and either be got off
the land or be set up in shocks as far apart in the rows
as possible. Corn land that was deeply plowed in
the spring and has been kept well and frequently
cultivated during the growth of the crop may be seed-
ed to wheat without being plowed again if the surface
four or five inches is well broken with the disc har-
row or a cultivator, and theu brought into a fine con-
dition with the roller and harrow. We have known
quite as good crops to be made in this way as by re-
plowing the land. In our last issue we wrote fully on
the seeding of the wheat crop, and to that issue we re-
fer our readers. One point to which we did not then
advert we now press on the attention of readers. See
to it that provision is made by furrows for taking off
surface water as quickly as possible. Wheat cannot
succeed when standing in water. It must have dry
feet in winter or it will fail to make a crop.

The showery summer we have had has made the
growth of weeds very heavy. These shoiild be got
under ground as soon as possible in order that they
may add to the vegetable matter in the soil. The
ground is now cool, and there will be no danger of
souring the land by turning down these crops, and
they will greatly improve the condition of the land,
especially if it is at the same time subsoiled
and deeply broken. All other green crops not re-
quired for feed may also be now safely plowed down,
but wherever the growth is heavy enough to make hay
unless the land badly needs the vegetable matter we
would cut the crop, leaving a long stubble, and cure
for hay before plowing. We have never had any
liking for burying in the soil a crop which has cost
money and labor to produce, unless the most impera-

1903.]

THE SOUTHEKN PLANTER.

619

tive need existed for such a coiirse. We prefer to
take its feed value out first and then bury the residue.
After the crops of weeds and forage have been plowed
dovm, give a top dressing of lime, 50 bushels to the
acre, and harrow in lightly, and then seed with rye
up to the end of !N'ovember, and a preparation will
have been made for a summer crop which will tell a
tale in the harvest.

Continue the seeding of vetches and wheat and rye.
Hairy Vetch should be got in at once. English or
Winter Vetch may be sown until the middle of jSTo-
vember. It is too late to sow crimson clover with a
certainty of a stand, though we have known many a
good crop raised sown in October. We would seed a
few pounds per acre with wheat, rye or oats, or a
mixture of the three grains. Much of the clover will
probably live over the winter protected by these
grains, and will add to the value of the feed and also
improve the land. Seed the vetches with a mixture
of small grain, say 2.5 poimds of vetch seed with three-
qiiarters of a bushel of wheat, oats and rye mixed per
acre, and if a pound or two of Dwarf Essex Rape be
added per acre it will improve the pasturage. We
have had a number of our subscribers to tell us that
this mixture has given them the best spring pasture
of anvthins: they ever tried.

Let all the forage crops be cut and cured as soon
as possible. The nights are now too cold for them to
make much further growth, and the difficulty of
curing them increases day by day. They will now
■require much more care to get them into a condition
to be put into the barn than earlier in the season, but
their value as feed will warrant this care being given
them. Cut when free from dew or rain, and let them
lie for 24 hours, then rake up into windrow and put
up into small cocks. Let these stand for a day or two
and then open out and sun, and put into larger cocks.
Repeat this until the crop is ready for the barn. This
will give a hay full of nutriment, and which will be
eaten with relish by stock.

Cut up tlie corn crop at the root and set up in
shocks to cure. Miich of the corn this year is yet
very full of nature, and it will not be safe to put it
into large shocks. Have these smaller shocks well
set lip and tie them round the top with binder twine,
so that they may stand well and cure. When dry
pull the corn and have the fodder run through the
shredder and packed in the bam. If you have not a
shredder, let the fodder be carried to the bam or be
stacked up under cover, if possible ; or, if not, then be

made into stacks and be covered with straw to keep
out the wet. Do not leave the fodder to waste in the
field. It has cost money and labor to produce it, and
is worth much as feed. Farming is not so profitable
a business that you can afford to waste nearly one-
half of the value of the com crop.

Irish and sweet potatoes should be dug before the
frost cuts the tops. Dig only in dry weather, and do
not let the tubers lie longer on the ground in the sun
than just siifficient to dry off the adhering soil. In
this issue in our Garden ISTotes will be found advice
as to storing sweet potatoes. Irish potatoes may be
stored either in a frost proof cellar or in pit or piles
in the field. Do not put too many in one heap. Fifty
bushels is enough to put in one pile. Make the piles
on high dry ground, and cover at first with only some
straw and a few boards to keep out the rain. After the
potatoes have gone through the sweat, say in a week
or ten days, cover with more dry straw and put soil
on this sufficiently thick to keep out frost.

Sugar beets and mangold wurtzel beets should be
pulled before frost and be stored in a frost proof cel-
lar or shed, or in heaps well covered with straw and
soil.

See that all barns, stables, sheds and pens are thor-.
oughly cleaned out and lime washed, and have all
doors, windows and roofs repaired, so that when stock
are put into the buildings they will be warm and
comfortable. They cannot make the best use of the
feed given them unless they are comfortable. It is
a very extravagant way to use feed to warm buildings
and barn yards with it. Make these warm by ex-
cluding drafts and rain, and the stock will then use
the feed to make flesh and growth.

THE LEGUMINOUS CROPS AS IMPROVERS OF
LAND.

For years we have been iterating and reiterating
the advice to grow the various leguminous crops, such
as cow peas, crimson and red clover, vetches, soy beans
and velvet beans, for feed or as improvers of land, and
to a very considerable extent this advice has been fol-
lowed throughout the Soiith, but there are yet thou-
sands of farmers who do not use them or only use them
to a very limited extent. These men are standing in
their own light and throwing away the greatest oppor-
tunity ever given to men in any calling. In a recent
visit to the farm of Mr. Bellwood, at Drewry's Bluff,
Va., we were more than ever impressed with the truth

620

THE SOUTHEKX PLAXTER.

[October

of this assertion. When ^Ir. Bellwood purchased his
farm of over 1,000 acres about twelve or fifteen
years ago it was a typical examjile of a run do^vii
farm. It had been cropped and cropped by renters
and others until nearly all except the low grounds
was almost too poor even to sprout peas. Shallow
plowing, the want of a system of rotation, and the
failure to grow recuperating crops, or to keep stock
and apply tiie manure made to the land, was the cause
of this condition. Naturally the land is good. All
it needed was good management and farming to make
it as it is now, one of the most fertile farms in the
South. Mr. Bellwood and his sons set about to give
it this, and the resxilt is now seen. We doubt whe-
ther there is in the United States a farm upon which
heavier crops are grown than are now the rule every
year on this place. This wonderfully imjiroved con-
dition has been altogether brought about by a good
system of rotation, the constant growing of the legu-
minous crops, and the keeping of a heavy head of
live stock. Every year several hundred bushels of
cow peas are sown, and vetches, soy beans and velvet
beans are grown in large quantity. JTot an ounce of
commercial fertilizer has ever been used on the place.
Each year crops of wheat averaging from 25 to 3.")
bushels to theacre, and corn running all the way from
50 bushels on the high land to 125 bushels on the low
grounds to the acre, and hundreds of tons of timothy
and cow peas and millet mixed hay, which latter crop
makes as high as two or three tons to the acre, are
made. We saw crops of this hay being cut, which y:e
are satisfied would make nearly three tons to the acre.
On all the poorer high land it has been and is the rule
to grow two leguminous crops between the crops of
wheat and corn, and these are now in almost every
case cut for hay, leaving a heavy stubble to plow-
down. The only exception to this rule is when velvet
beans are grown. These are always grown solely for
a recuperating ero]), and are plowed down during *h<^
winter. The experience of Mr. Bellwood is that vel-
vet beans are the most valuable when used in this way.
The growth is so heavy and the vines are so long and
tangled that it is a most difficult matter to handle
them for hay, and he finds that stock do not care to
eat them when any other feed is in sight. As a re-
cuperating crop they make a more permanent im-
provement of the land than any other legume, and
put so much vegetable matter into the soil that it
is placed in the finest condition possible for the
growth of any other crop. TTpon one large field of
upland we saw a crop of corn which will certainly
yield 50 bushels to the acre where a few years ago not
nubbins would have been made, and the whole im-

provement has been made by the use of these legumi-
nous crops. Every year hundreds of tons of hay,
timothy and mixed is sold in addition to the wheat
and large part of the corn. WTiere the manure from
the stock has been used there is now growing a crop
of silage corn, which looks like making 15 tons to the
acre at least, and this was a few years ago a poor
field, which would scarcely grow weeds. The silo at
the faiTn is the largest we have seen. It is built of
concrete, and will hold nearly 500 tons of silage.
This large quantity is made every year and fed to the
cattle with pea and millet hay. The silo corn is w( il
eared, and the silage is therefore rich, and with the
pea and millet hay makes nearly a balanced ration,
whtch makes milk in quantity at a small cost, which
milk is shipped to Richmond every day and brings in
a constant income. This is profitable farming as
practically the only oiitgo is for labor. Why cannot
liundreds of other farmers go and do likewise. They
may not all be able to make milk production a fea-
ture, but they can make beef with the same feed, and
beef will pay made in -this way.

LIME AS AN IMPROVER OF LAND.

In this issue will be found an enquiry as to the
advisability of applying lime to land and as to its
effect on crop production. This is only one of nume-
rous similar enquiries which come to us during the
year. In some cases the enquirers ask as to using it
on light land, in others as to its effect on heavy land.
We have deferred replying to many of these enquirers
through our columns until this season of the year in
order that we might bring the subject before our
readers at a time when it is strictly in order for
farmers to undertake the work of applying the lime.
As readers of our columns are aware, we have for
many years held strongly to the opinion that nearly
all land in the South requires lime if the best results
are to be obtained. We have been confirmed in this
view in every case where our advice has been followed
which has been reported to us. This view as to the
necessity for the use of lime upon nearly all land is
now being strongly enforced by experiments, which
have been and are being made at a number of the
Experiment Stations in different parts of the country.
In the past it has been largely held that the use of
lime could only be justified where the land was cover-
ed with a strong growth of vegetable matter, or where
the soil itself was filled with tough vegetable fibre,
which required to be broken down by the caustic ac-
tion of lime. Xow it is being recognized by authori-
ties that this is onlv one of the conditions under which

190S.]

THE SOUTHERN PLANTER.

621

lime may be siiccessfully used, and that its action is
equally beneficial on most land even though little or
no vegetable matter is on or in the soil. It has also
been thought in the past that lime could not be profit-
ably used in connection- with phosphatic fertilizers,
but now experiments have conclusively shown that its
action in connection with these is most marked and
beneficial. Lime is many sided in its effects on land.
It acts both physically, mechanically and directly
and indirectly as a fertilizer. Applied to light land,
it makes it more cohesive and retentive of moisture
and fertility. Heavy land it lightens and makes
more porous, disintegrating the cohesive soil and
rendering it permeable by the fine roots of the plants
and cheeking baking and running together. It cor-
rects acidity in the soil, and much land not thoug>hi:
to be acid is found upon chemical examination to be
much too acid for the best gi'owth of crops. There
are very few crops which fioiirish in an acid soil.
This is perhaps not so miich because of the acidity
of the soil, but because in such soils the microbes upon
which largely depends the fertility of land cannot
there live and work. More especially is this the case
where the leguminous crops like clover and cow peas
refuse to gTOw. These crops, upon which so largely
depends the quick recuperation of wasted and infer-
tile land, and the maintenance of fertility in all lands
are almost wholly dependent upon microbic life in
the soil for their vigorous growth. Where this is
absent they cannot flourish, and wherever the soil is at
all acid the microbes cannot live and the legumes fail
and the farmer's cheapest source of fertility is lost to
him. Lime again acts as a powerful solvent of inert
fertility in the soil. Both potash and phosphoric
acid existing in the soil in forms incapable of sup-
porting plant life are rendered available to jilants by
the action of lime, and especially is this the case with
potash. Probably all the different forms of lime
compounds are more or less useful when applied to
land, but in the form of a carbonate, in which it is
found in the limestone of our mountains and in the
oyster shell it is undoubtedly the most efficient.
Formerly it was thought that to secure good resuUs
it should be applied in heavy dressings. Frequently
five tons to the acre was applied. It is now found
that it is equally and probably more effective applied
in less quantity and at more frequent intervals. One
ton to the acre applied at intervals of four or five
years will be found effective of great improvement on
most lands. It may be applied in conjunction witli
other fertilizers, except those like barn yard manure,
especially rich in nitrogen. Where it is applied in
connection with nitrogenous manures it will cause a

waste of the nitrogen. Where used in connection
with nitrogenous manures it should be first applied
and be thoroughly incorporated with the soil and
then after an interval of ten or fifteen days the nitro-
genous manure may be applied without risk of loss.
It may be applied either in the form of ground lime-
stone or as q\iick lime — that is, lime slacked with
water after being burnt. Our experience, and ex-^
periments made at the Maryland Station confirm this
experience, is that in the form of quick lime it is most
effective. We always applied the burnt lime by put-
ting it out on the land in small heaps, say about half
a bushel at a place, setting these heaps on the jilowed
land near enough so that the lime when slacked could
be spread with a shovel so as to cover the land half
way to the heap on each side of the one being spread.
These small heaps we then slacked with half a bucket
of water, and after the heap had fallen to powder,
which takes only a very short time, proceeded to
spread at once, and then lightly harrowed in. In
illustration of the effect which lime has in improving
land recent experiment made by Dr. Hopkins, of the
Illinois Experiment Station, in SoTithern Illinois,
are most instructive. On the farm of a Mr. Hinkley
in that section of the State, D'r. Hopkins found tho
land to be so acid that none of the legumes would
grown on it. J\fr. Hinkley applied lime in various
quantities per acre. In one case he applied ten tons
to the acre. His neighbors questioned his state of
mind, and declared that nothing could grow in a lime
kiln. But things did grow, and are now growing
where this heavy application was made. He nojv
grows alfalfa successfully on this laiad, and when
phosphoric acid is also applied and the leguminous
crop is followed by wheat or oats profitable crops are
raised on land that before this treatment woiild not
grow weeds. Under Ur. Hopkins' direction a num-
ber of other farmers in this same section of Illinois
have applied lime to their lands and followed this
with a leguminous ci-op, either cow peas or clover, and
then with wheat or oats, to which phosphate was ap-
plied, and have made excellent grain crops where
formerly these crops were practically a failure. The
foundation of this success is the lime which makes
possible the growth of the legume and then the phos-
phate supplies the special need of the grain crop in
the way of mineral food, and the legume the nitrogen
needed, and the result is a profitable crop and im-
proved land. In a series of experiments conducted
in Maryland the application of lime in three different
forms, sulphate of lime (plaster), 370 pounds to the
acre; quick lime (carbonate of lime) 2,000 pounds
per acre, and shell marl, 8,000 pounds per acre, on

622

THE SOUTHERN PLAXTER.

[October

corn and wheat on a well drained loam soil showed all
the applications to be quite beneficial, but the quick
lime produced the greatest increase in yields. At the
Rhode Island Experiment Station a series of experi-
ments conducted for a period of four years in the use
of lime in connection with different forms of phos-
phatic fertilizers showed very decided favorable )'e-
sults. The crops grown over the four years were
'corn, oats and hay. In 18!)4 one ton of lime was
applied per acre to half the land. In that year the
yield of corn on the cob on the plot on which no form
of phosphate was applied, but which had been limed,
was 2,613 pounds per acre. On the plot which had
neither lime nor phosphate the yield was 1,893 per
acre. On the limed plot, to which dissolved bone
black was applied, the yield was 4,510 pounds of corn
on the cob per acre. On the unlimed plot, to which
dissolved bone black was applied, the yield was 3,6yS
pounds per acre. On the limed plot, to which acid
phosphate was applied, the yield was 3,953 pounds of
corn per acre. On the unlimed plot, to which acid
phosphate was applied, the yield was 3,255 poimds
per acre. For the years 1896 1899 inclusive, the
hay crop on the limed plot, to which dissolved bone
black was applied, amoimted to 19,837 pounds per
acre. On the unlimed plot, to which bone black had
been applied, the yield was 9,820 pounds per acre.
On the limed plot, to which dissolved bone had been
applied, the yield was 19,281 pounds. On the un-
limed plot with dissolved bone the yield was 8,564
pounds per acre. On the limed plot, to which acid
phosphate was applied, the yield was 20,205 pounds
p"er acre. On the unlimed plot with acid phosphate
the yield was 8,951 pounds per acre. On the limed
plot, to which pure ground bone meal was applied, the
yield was 22,012 pounds per acre. On the unlimed
plot with bone meal the yield was 11,855 pounds per
acre. On the limed plot, to which no phosphoric acid
in any form was applied the yield was 1 5;737 pounds
per acre. On the unlimed plot, to which no phos-
phoric acid was applied, the yield was 2,547 pounds
per acre. Note how uniformly an increase is shown
wherever the lime was applied. We invite careful
consideration of the foregoing facts. We are satis-
fied that those who use lime will realize profit from it.
Those who use it in connection with acid phosphate
or bone racal will realize still further profit. As a
help to the production of a wlieat crop we believe it
will be found more advantageous than doubling the
quantity of bone meal or acid phosphate, besides put-
ting the land into a condition for growing clover or
cow peas, which no other application can compare
witL

IMPROVED FARMING IN NORTH CAROLINA.

Editor Southern Planter:

1 want your immediate advice along the line of
crimson clover. I am t«ld that as good a way to
catch a stand as any is to sow the clover right among
cow pea vines. How does this style strike you ? I
have some forty (40) acres sowed broadcast in cow
peas, and most of them have a most luxiiriant gro\vth
of vines. I am thinking of purchasing the clover
seed at once and a good broadcast seeder, say "Ga-
boon's," and seed most of this pea vine bed to crimsou
clover. The land is in some places very sandy, and
the whole is more or less sandy; just the right char-
acter for bright tobacco. I said bright tobacco, but
ain't we poor fellows catching it in prices 'i Tell me,
quick, how to manage as to the clover and land, would
it do seeded on oat stubble, where there is a heavy
growth of weeds and grass ? The oats were no good,
say half a crop. I intended putting this to peas, but
tobacco prevented. Would it do as well sown among
the weeds and grass, or would you advise the imme-
diate fallowing of the green stuff, and then sow seed
and harrow in 'i All I am after is the certainty of
getting a stand of clover. I have no experience with
clover. One more thing to ask, and please tell me all
you can, and give me your very best advice. Most of
my land is, as already stated, very sandy, and in some
places rolling, all more or dess subject to washes. I
notice your advice about using lime. I think that is
what my land most needs. We have put lots of ma-
nures and used lots of fertilizer. Tell me what char-
acter of lime, M'hen to use it, how much, and if broad-
cast or in drill ? I think drill better for my land.
Don't you think so ? Would lime not benefit any and
all crops planted in sandy lands? T am twelve (12)
miles from depot, and the draying of lime would be
at least one-half of my expense. I am trying stock
raising, so as to keep up fertility of my soil. I be-
lieve, though, that cow peas will beat all the stock in
the world for this purpose, and to this end I am ex-
perimenting. Stock require too much feed and close
attention, and eat their heads off each winter. Can-
not you tell me something about red Polled cattle?
I have two bulls, one a red Poll and the other an
Angus. The Angus, 1 find, is a strictly beef animal,
and my object will be to sell him to some person or
otiier who wants beef stock. I like the calves of Red
Polls, and what I want to know is, How does this
lireed compare with Jerseys or Holsteins as to milk
and butter? Do they give about the same as Hol-
steins, and what about quality ?

The foregoing letter received from a North Caro-
lina farmer deals with so many matters of importance
to farmers all over the South that we have piiblished
it in full as the text for an article dealing with the
subject of improvement of land and live stock bus-

1903.]

THE SOUTHERN PLANTER.

623

bandrv. These two subjects lie at the root of all
successful farming in the South. When Southern
farmers realize this, as our correspondent evidently
does, then they will cease to be "planters" dependent
for a living on being able to sell one or two special
crops like cotton and tobacco at profitable prices, and
will become "farmers" with a variety of products for
sale all through the year, the money from which can
be largely kept at home and yet the fertility and crop
producing capacity of their land be increased and the
special sale crops like cotton and tobacco can be held
until scarcity compels the manufacturer to give a fair
price for them. At present even if the special crops
are sold for good jDrices so much of the proceeds are
required to be paid out for fertilizers that little is lef L
wherewith to purchase home supplies and nothing for
luxuries. In becoming "farmers" and not "plant-
ers," Southern land owners will make their supplies
at home and can live in comfort even though the
"tobacco trusts" and "cotton trusts" shall become
more numerous and exacting. Then the farmers will
be able to dictate the price of tobacco and cotton, and
not the trust, and prosperity and contentment will be
the lot of our country people. The first step in the
way to this end is production of leguminous crops like
cow peas, crimson clover and vetches upon the farm.
These make humus in the soil and feed in the barn.
They gather fertility from the atmosphere and fix it
in the soil. They make possible big manure heaps,
and these, after all, are the true Savings banks of the
farm. To secure these results the crops must be suc-
cessfully grown and fully utilized. This is the sea-
son of the year when the work of growing the clover
and vetches should he started, and here at the very
beginning many make their first blunder. Because
they are told that legiiminous croi^s are imi^roving
crojjs they at once assume that they will grow on poor
land without any help. This is not so. All the
legumes are large consumers of phosphoric acid and
potash in their gi'owth. Give them these mineral
fertilizers and they will then secure the nitrogen,
which they need, and more than they need from the
air. In return for a supply of phosphoric acid and
potash, where it is lacking in the soil, the legumes
will fix nitrogen in the soil and make a heavy crop of
vines and roots, which will supply humus to the soil.
Where land has been deeply broken and well culti-
vated for the summer crop crimson clover and the
vetches will make a good stand without replowing the
land. The surface three or four inches should be
broken with a disc harrow or cultivator, and the fer-
tilizer and seed be then sowed and harrowed in, and
if the land is dry enough be rolled. Our correspon-

dent asks if clover seed can be successfully sowed in
a growing crop of cow peas. Whilst we have known
a good stand of clover to be thus secured we have
known many a stand to be thus lost. Where the peas
are a heavy crop it is a very risky business to sow
clover in them. As they mature they will fall down
and smother out the clover. Better mow the cow peas
and make them into hay, and then break the pea stub-
ble with a disc harrow or cultivator and sow the seed.
To seed clover or any other crop in a standing crop
of weeds as suggested by our correspondent is b.id
farming. Even thoiigh the clover should make a
stand it must of necessity be a weedy crop, and there-
fore an undesirable one. Ciit the weeds down before
they seed, break the land and then seed the clover.
Weeds are the great curse of most land in the South.
They exhaust the fertility of the land and rob it of
the moisture which it is so necessary here to conserve.
No opportunity should be missed to lessen the weed
crop. It is always an unprofitable one. The utiliza-
tion of the legjiminous crops is a matter of as great
moment as their growth in the economy of the farm.
Our correspondent suggests that simply using them
as the medium to supply nitrogen and vegetable mat-
ter to the soil by turning them do^^^l is more profitable
than to use them as feed for stock. In this. we are
unable to agree with him. To turn under a crop so
rich in the element', protein) absolutely essential to the
gTOwth of live stock is wasting money. A good crop
of cow peas or crimson clover or vetches, will make
two tons of hay to the acre, worth at the very least
$20 as feed. The full feed value of the crop can be
taken out by live stock, and yet nearly the full ma-
nurial value can be returned to the land by the careful
saving and application of the voidings of the stock.
We grant that it may in some cases be wise economy
to turn down a crop of cow peas, clover, or vetches,
but only where land is so absolutely devoid of vege-
table matter (humiis) as to be almost incapable of
making a crop. In every other case the feed value
of the crop should be utilized by some animal. Our
corresijondent's remark that "cattle eat their heads off
in winter" can only be true where the feed is given
to miserable scrub animals not worth raising or feed-
ing. Well bred animals of either the beef or milk
or butter type can everwhere be fed to profit either
directly or indirectly. Thoxisands of animals are fed
some years in England where the profit secured is
represented solely by the conversion of the crops of
the farm into mamu-e, which enhances the fertility
of the land and makes possible the production of
heavy yields of grain and other crops without the
outlav of a cent in fertilizers. Surelv here is a

624

THE SOUTHERN PLANTER.

i Octol-)er

profit worth considering. As a result of such a
utilization of crops an average of 30 bushels of wheat
to the acre is made in England as against an average
of 12 bushels to the acre in this country. What is
needed here is a better tv^e of animals into which to
feed the crops. With such stock and the nearness of the
great markets of the North and East there can be no
doubt but that live stock husbandry can be made
profitable in the South, and every crop we grow be
made to produce a heavier yield and more profit. We
believe firmly that with a larger growth and proper
utilization of the leguminous and forage crops which
we can so easily grow in the South, that one-half of
the money spent in commercial fertilizers each year
could be saved and yet heavier crops be produced.
We know of farms in the South where not a dollar a
year is paid out for commercial fertilizers, and yet
where heavy crops are being made and a good pi-ofit
being realized on the investment in the farm and
stock. These farms are heavily stocked with animals
of all kinds, and crops are specially ^own to be fed
to them in addtion to the roughage from the small
grain and corn crops.

With reference to our correspondent's enquiry as
to the relative merits of the different breeds of cattle
mentioiied, we would say that the Angus is one of the
best types of beef making stock, but is of no use for
the dairy. The Red Poll is in our opinion the finest
dual purpose cow in the world. She is good at the
pail and good in the pen. She has done what no
other breed of cows has ever done, taken first premium
at the Fat Stock show for beef, and first premium at
the Dairy Show as a milk and butter producer. She
is the true general farmer's cow, ready to make either
milk or beef profitably. Whilst she will not give as
much milk per year as a good Holstein, nor as much
butter per year as a good Jersey, she will give as
much of either product as the average cow of these
breeds, and will make beef when not milking quicker
than either of them, and the beef will be worth much
more per hundred than that from either a Holstein
or a Jersey. In another article we deal with the sub-
ject of the liming of land.

HAIRY VETCH.

When advising the seeding of this crop for an early
spring grazing and hay crops we are frequently met
with the objection that the seed is very costly, and
some of it unreliable ingermination. This is no doubt
true where it has to be bought, but as we have fre-
quently pointed out, there is no reason whatever why
the seed should have to be bought. We can grow it

here as -well as it can be grown in Europe, from
whence the s\ipply on the market largely comes. We
have kno-mi an excellent crop of the seed to be grown
in Chesterfield coimty, Va. The Department of
•Vgriculture has conducted some experiments in the
production of the seed in Maryland and Ohio, with
the following results :

Great difficulty has been experienced in harvesting
the seed when grown alone. It ripens very unevenly,
and if left until most of the seed is mature it becomes
matted on the ground and shells and moulds badly.
It was found that by sowing with rye a sufiicient sup-
port was furnished to keep it off the ground and allow
it to be cat easily with a mowing machine. Rye
seems best adapted as a supporting crop on account of
the time of ripening and the stiff straw.

The best results were obtained with seeding from
one-half to three-fourths bushels of vetch and one-half
bushel of rye to the acre, sowing from the middle to
the last of September.

The crop should be cut about the time the last pods
are formed and the vines are getting dry. The cut-
ting is done with an ordinary mowing machine, after
which the vines and straw should be put in piles and
allowed to dry. The threshing can be done with an
ordinary grain threshing machine.

. The four acres in Ohio yielded 13 bushels of vetch
and 61 bushels of rye. In ]\[aryland the storms
knocked the rye down so it did not fill well, but the
four acres yielded IS bushels of vetch and 8 bushels
of rye. Reports from ^Mississippi show a yield of
from 5 to 7 bushels per acre in that State.

In many instances hairy vetch has been sown and
proved a failure under ordinary cultivation. As it
is adapted to a considerable variety of soils and a
wide area, it is certain that the failure in most in-
stances is due to the absence of the organism which
produces the root tubercles and has the property of
fixing the free nitrogen in the air, making it available
for plant food. In sowing the areas referred to above
the greater part was inoculated with the nitrifying
organism, but a strip was left in each case on which
none of the inoculating material was used. A vigor-
ous growth of hairy vetch was obtained on the inocu-
lated plots, while on the uninoculated plots in both
cases the growth was very scanty and the gi'ound al-
most bare. This shows the ability of the vetch to
make a very satisfactory growth by means of the in-
oculation on ground where it proves an entire failure
under ordinary cultivation.

Unless hairy vetch has already been grow)i success-
fully on a piece of ground, it should be inoculated to
insure success. Inoculating material will be furnish-

1903.]

THE SOUTHEKN PLANTER.

625

ed by and all inquiries concerning it should be ad-
dressed to Bureau of Plant Industry, United States
Department of Agriculture, Washington, D, C.

See that a piece of land is seeded with vetch and
rye during this month, and thus make certain of an
ample supply of seed for next year. It will grow on
poorer land than crimson clover and makes an excel-
lent green forage crop and good hay. It should he
grown mixed with oats, wheat and rye to make the
best yield of feed.

ANOTHER EXPERIMENT IN CURING COW PEA HAY

Editor Southern Planter:

Thinking that making posts, digging holes for
them, nailing on cross pieces, placing the hay in be-
tween, etc., was a tedious, slow, and expensive pro-
cess in curing pea hay. I am trying this plan. I
put an ordinary fence rail on four small forks, four
and a half feet long, the two pairs of forks leaning a
little toward each other, suspending a rail on each
side by two wires over the rail sustained by the forks
and resting against the forks about midway, then
placing three tobacco sticks on each side, leaning them
against the forks.

On this frame work I build a rick of the pea vines,
not having the vines more than two or two and a half
feet thick anywhere ; the rick being eight or nine feet
high will contain six or eight shocks. The ricks have
had a severe test of rain intermittently for two days
and a night. The hay is cool and drying out. That
in shocks is hot and beginning to rot.

I belie\'e I have found the way to cure pea vines,
but I cannot yet cry Eureka, because the hay is not
yet fully cxired, but I write at once as some one else
may wish to try this experiment before the season is
over.

Brace the framework with an extra fork while you
are building on it, after the rick is partly made re-
move the fork, and the rick will be firm and steady.
Have the sides and ends of rick steep. I will let m\
ricks stand until hay can be safely housed.

Charlotte Co., Va. H. C. Rice.

NOTES ON THE SEPTEMBER ISSUE.

CHEAT CASSAV.V LEGUMINOUS CROPS HOLLOW

HORN HOLLOW TAIL.

Editor Southern Planter:

You have quite a symposium on the cheat question,
and there is hardly any need for more on the subject.
If ilr. Roberts, of Washington county, will sow clean

oats on land where there are no cheat seeds he will
never have cheat in winter oats. The great difficulty
is that farmers fail to recognize the cheat seeds in the
oats, for they look exactly like shrivelled oats grains.
If they are all blown out, and only heavy and plump
oats sown, no cheat will grow unless the soil is already
infested with it. Then it takes the freezing of winter
that kills oats at times, to germinate the hardy cheat
seeds, and when oats are sown in spring all the cheat
that has germinated is killed by the plowing, and the
result is clean oats. But these clean oats put back in
the fall on land infested with cheat Avill soon be found
full of cheat, not because the oats turned to cheat, but
because the cheat seed were there, and had the proper
conditions for their growth. Whatsoever a man sow-
eth that also shall he reap is as true of cheat as of any
other plant. Sow cheat seed and you will get cheat,
never oats. Sow only oats in perfectly clean land
and you will have oats, and never cheat. T have
grown winter oats here, and had them killed do^\^^,
but never a cheat plant put in an appearance, for the
soil has no cheat seed in it, and only perfectly clean
oats are sown. But all around the oats turn to cheat,
because the cheat seed is there.

Cassava. — I have grown cassava here with success
from cuttings planted in the early spring, and have
made delicious puddings from the grated roots. We
can, on the sandy soils in the eastern part of this
State (iSTorth Carolina), grow cassava with perfect
success. Even on the clay soil here I made an aver-
age of half a pound of starch per root. The chief
difficulty is in keeping the cuttings over winter. They
keep fairly well buried in sand in a warm cellar. The
plant is well worth growing as an ornamental plant.
Its leaves resemble the castor bean, as it belongs to
the same family, but the plant is decidedly more
handsome than the castor beau, being more dense in
gro\rth, and the leaf stalks being red, form a contrast
to the green leaves. For the centre of a sub-tropical
flower bed the cassava is a very pretty object.

Hollow Horn and Hollow Tail. — You have struck
another old superstition like the cheat, and I expect
that you will be getting letters from people who know
that cattle have these so-called diseases. Did any
one ever find a cow horn that was not hollow or a cow
that does not have a soft, boneless place in her tail ?
Cattle ticks and hollow stomach are generally the
cause of the sickness.

Legume Forage. — You are right in what you say
to Mr. French. The great advantage we have in the
feeding of beef cattle in the South is the great abund-
ance of protein feeds that we can grow. Grass pas-
tures are good, of course, but the South does not need

626

THE SOUTHERN PLAXTER

r October

grass as much as she does legumes, and we can grow
most of these to greater perfection than the Northern
farmers can. Cow peas, soy beans, velvet beans
vetch, crimson clover, alfalfa, all furnish the costly
protein and all can be grown in the South better than
elsewliere. With plenty of legume hay we need grass
only as permanent pasture, and in the Bermuda grass
we have the finest of summer pastures in the country,
and can afford to let the meadow grasses go while we
produce better hay from plants that improve the soil
they grow on. W. F. Masset,

Editor of Practical Farmer.

CLOVER SEEDING.

Editor Southern Planter:

There has been much complaint in recent years in
our section of failure in securing a stand of clover.
This year, however, the farmers have been more suc-
cessful. Most of the failures were due to drouths
generally in April and ^lay, and sometimes in July
and August. We can escape some of these if proper
methods in seeding are practiced.

It is our rule here to sow with wheat, and when
that plant is making its greatest demand on the soil
for moisture, it does not take much of a dry spell in
May to kill the young clover plant, if it was sown late.
I rarely fail to get a stand in wheat. My practice is
to watch for an opportunity in February, when the
ground is nicely cracked by freezing and the surface
is dry. T regard February loth as the best time, so
that the elements will bury all the seed before there
is warmth enough to sprout it. Nature will then
bring it up at the proper time and early. It then
gets well rooted before spring drouth sets in, then,
unless the drouth is very severe, it will pass through
it unharmed. By this method of seeding I save much
labor in covering it, as has to be done by those who
sow late. I have never lost any young clover bv
freezing, though I have had wheat cut do-rni in March
when six inches high by a severe freeze.

This sjjring there was no favorable time for seed-
ing in February until the last day, when the seeder
was brought out and 32 acres was sown. This field
produced 800 bushels of wheat and one of the finest
stands of clover I have ever had. Have just finished
mowing over the stubble and cutting down the rag
weed, and will gather some clover seed on parts of the
field.

Tlie saving of labor in preparing the land but once
and saving one year's time will prevent people taking
your advice about sowing clover alone. 1 have prac-
ticed sowing clover alone in small patches for years,
and I have never failed to get a stand. This year some
seeded that way was cut for hay August 1st. it being
IS inches high. If my neighbor and friend, T. S.

White, had stepped over this way he would have seen
your opinion reinforced by my experience.

In this connection may I say to those who imagine
that other plants "turn to chess," if they will ob-.
serve closely in their fall seeding they will see the
little chess plant coming up readv to overtop most
other crops iu the spring. I sowed last fall two and
a half acres of corn stiibble land in orchard grass and
clover. I saw the chess up in it in a few weeks, and
when I cut the hay this spring it was nearly all chess.
I cut it again August 1st, and it was all orchard grass
and clover. It now stands 8 inches high, nice and
clean. T. M. Wade.

Rockbridge Co., Ya.

Whilst early seeding of the clo-\-er seed on the wheat
crop will materially help to secure a stand, yet our
experience and observation has been that more of such
stands are killed by the hot weather and a drouth after
the cutting of the wheat than by spring drouths. The
sudden exposure of the tender shaded clover plants
to the full glare of the hot sun is most trying to them,
and if followed by a dry period almost certainly fatal
and especially so when the rag weed is allowed to grow
and not mowed off. It sucks out the last vestige of
moisture and the clover dies. — Er>.

GOOD YIELDS OF WHEAT.

Threshing has been in progress on the Fort Hays
Branch Experiment Station, Kansas, and some of the
yields are very gratifying. There has been grown
there this year 220 varieties of small grain, 105 be- I
ing fall wheat. The seed grains of these were fur-
nished by the Bureau of Plant Introduction of the
Departmejit of Agriculture, and were known to be
promising. The surplus seed from these varieties is
being sold to wheat growers all over the wstern part
of the State, so that the benefit of the station will be
felt immediately. !

The following is a list of the varieties and yields
that are considerably above the average :

Kansas, No. 4, Kliarkov. a Russian winter wheat
(bearded). 40.00 bushels per acre.

Kansas, No. 5, Beloglina, a Russian winter wheat
(bearded), 32.24 bushels per acre. i

Kansas, No. 6, TTlta, a Russian winter- wheat '
(bearded), 36.3.5 bushels per acre. •

Kansas, No. 7, Crimean, a Russian winter wheat i
(bearded), 40.61 bushels per acre. 1

Kansas, No. 8, Chirka, a Russian winter wheat
(bald), 36.67 bushels per acre. •>

Kansas, No. 3, imported Turkey (bearded), 35.82
bushels per acre.

Kansas, No. 33, Kharkov (bearded), 35.28 bushels
per acre.

1903.]

THE SOUTHEEN PLANTER

627

Kansas, JSTo. 35, Crimean importation (bearded),
36.94 bushels per acre.

Kansas, No. 37, Theiss (bearded), 40.97 bushels
per acre.
Fort Hays Branch Experiment Station, Hays, Kan.

These varieties ought to be tested in the Sonth.
Possibly seed may be had for this purpose from the
Department of Agriculture. — Ed.

ENQUIRERS' COLUMN.

Enquiries should be sent to the office of The Southern Plan-
ter'^ichmouA, Va., not later than the 15th of the month for
replies to appear in the next month's issue.

Japan Clover.

Please state in your next issue if "Japan clover"
planted in the fall (and what time) will do as well
as if sown in the spring ? Also, if sown in the moun-
tains where a good deal of shade exists will it grow
and make good grazing if thrown broadcast over the
leaves ? A Subsceibee.

Albemarle county, Ya.

Japan clover should be sown in Spring. All
through Piedmont, Middle and Southern Vir-
ginia Japan clover is found growing under
the shade of trees where not too dense. It makes
good grazing sown broadcast. There are hundreds
of acres of it growing all through the South, where
never a seed has been sown by man. Birds, animals
and floods have carried the seeds and started the
growth, and then it has spread uncared for and un-
tended. — Ed.

Hairy Vetch, Winter Vetch.

Which is best adapted to this section, English
Winter Vetch or Hairy Winter Vetch ? Will either
do well sown after cow peas, and what time to sow?
The soil is gray. H. T. Kiekman.

Guilford Co., N. C.

Either will grow well in your section. The Hairy
Vetch should be sown in September whilst the Eng-
lish Winter Vetch may be sown into November, biit
is better got in October. They will grow after cow
peas. Sow either wheat or oats or a mixture of the
two, which is better, with the Vetches. Half a bushel
of the grain to the acre, with 25 pounds of Hairy
Vetch or 1 bushel of English Vetch. — Ed.

Lame Horse.

I have a mare about 12 years old, which has been
lame in one of her fore feet for nearly eight months,
probably caused by being overstrained. First she

became enlarged at the fetlock joints, also a soft,
puffy swelling similar to wind galls, but cannot be
rubbed away. At the same time she seemed to have
pain in her shoulder, which, at times, becomes so se-
vere that she can hardly walk. There also seems to
be a wasting away of muscle on her shoulder blade,
generally called sweeney. I have tried different
remedies without yet having effected a cure.

Simon Zieknitzee.
Lunenhurg Co., Va.

This is one of those cases of sprain resulting in
shoulder lameness, Avhich are so common and yet so
invariably difficult of treatment. The most success-
ful remedy which can be used is rest. This may be
supplemented by rubbing the joints and shoulder
with belladonna or camphor liniment, and possibly
blistering may be found of service. — Ed.

Texas Fever Ticks.

Please give information how to rid farms of ticks
which you say cause fever in cattle.

Albemarle Co., Va. J. H. Griffith.

Texas fever ticks can be gotten rid of from every
farm in Virginia if only farmers would make the
necessary effort. What is needed is to keep cattle,
horses and mules oft' a pasture for part of the year.
This pasture will then be free from ticks, and will re-
main free if no cattle infested with ticks are turned
on to it. Northern cattle may then be put into it with
certainty that they will not have the fever. Before
any Southern cattle are turned into it they must be
perfectly cleaned of all ticks. The best method of
doing this is to use a mixture of one part kerosene oil
to three parts of cotton seed oil. This should be
rubbed on the cattle all over. Two or three greas-
ings at intervals of a week or ten days apart will do
the work effectually. The cattle should then be
kept only on the cleaned pasture, and another jDasture
should be cleaned in the same way, until all the farm
is clear of this Southern pest, which has cost the
South millions of dollars. The State of Virginia
can get rid of it and keep rid of it if the farmers so
decide, and it will be worth thousands of dollars to
them every year. See article in this issue. — Ed.

Inoculating Cattle for Texas Fever.

Will you have Mr. C. A. Williams, of Halifax
county, N. C, tell us how he inoculates his cattle,
and what he uses to make his cattle tick proof ?

Lonoke Co., Ark. H. J. I.,ewi3.

Cattle are inoculated against Texas fever by draw-
ing blood from a cow infected with the Texas fever
germs, and after the same has been defibrinated in-
jecting the liquid into the body of the animal to be

628

THE SOUTHEKN PLANTER.

[October

rendered immune. The operation requires a special
inoculating outfit, consisting of a lancet, injection
svringe, and measuring glass, so as to seciire the
proper quantity of fluid. Tt is usually done by a
veterinarian, but there is no reason why a farmer
should not learn to do it for himself. He could read-
ily do so by seeing the operation performed at some
Experiment Station. It is regularly done at most
of the Southern Stations. The important point is
to be certain that the animal from which the blood is
taken is infected with the germs of the disease. She
must have had the disease.- — En.

Grafting.

In your next issue of the Pi-.vvticr I would thank
you to give me directions for grafting fruit trees.

Southampton Co., Va. J. L. Camp.

When the season for grafting is nearer at hand we
will publish an article on this subject. At present
all that can be done is to cut the scions as the wood
becomes mature and to pack them away in a cool
cellar, but where frost will not hurt them, in damp
powdered moss or peat soil. These scions may be
cut at any time during the late fall months or even in
early spring. They should be carefully labelled with
the name when cut, so that no mistake may be made
when inserting the graft. — Ed.

Tall Meadow Oat Grass.

I have been a reader of your meritorious publica-
tion for several years, and have noticed that when
giving a list of grass seeds, whicli yon recommend
for sowing, you almost invariably include tall meadow
oat grass, though I have not noticed an article on its
merits since I have been one of your readers. I have
been sowing this grass since 1899, and find it worthy
of more notice, and compared witli orchard grass
for hay, T would give the oat grass the preference, as
it does not get hard and woody when allowed to get
ripe like orchard grass does. I would like to know
how the seed is gathered, as the price of seed goes up
from year to year, and is now nearly double what it
was in 1S08. It falls from the plant as it ripens,
and if gathered a little green is likely to spoil, and is
hard to cure. I have tried stripping by hand, which
is slow. Hope you can give some information on
the- subject, as at present price of seed it would be
very profitable to save it, and it may interest many
of your readers. J. H. Tuompson.

Jefferson Co., W. Va.

Whilst we have not written any special article on
the merits of tall meadow oat gi-ass, we have shown
our appreciation of its value by constantly recom-
mending it to be sown. We know it to be one of the

most valuable hay grasses that can be sown, and it
also makes an excellent addition to a pasture mix-
ture. We believe that the seed is principally grown
in the Middle States, and is, we presume, harvested
in the same way as orchard grass. The machine is
set to cut only the seed stalks of the grass, and the
bottom is afterwards cut for hay. Dr. Phares, one
of the best authorities on grasses, admits that the seed
is rather difiicult to save, as it begins to ripen ia six
to ten days after l)looming, and the top seeds ripen
first, and at once begin to drop. He advises that as
soon as the top seeds ripen sufficiently to drop the
whole seed stalk be cut off and dried, when the seeds
will all thresh out and be matured. Probably the
Division of AgTostology of the Department of Agri-
culture, Washington, may be able to give you further
information on the subject. — Ed.

Fall and Winter Plowing.

We have some light land that had wheat on it the
past year, and we expect to put it in corn and pota-
toes next spring. Would it be of any advantage to
plow this land in the fall? We also have some stiff
u])land that we expect to put in pens and beans. This
land has been plowed rather shallow heretofore; we
hope to plow it deeper this time. Should we plow
it now or wait until spring ? Subsciiiber.

Charles Co., Md.

We advise the plowing of all land in the fall and
winter. It can then, with safety, be plowed deep,-
and thus the depth of soil be increased. The new
soil turned up will be acted upon by the air and sun,
and its plant food be made available. It is well
when the plowing is done in the fall to seed with
some winter cover crop like rye, winter oats or wheat,
with crimson clover or vetches. This will conserve
and add to the fertility. Eall and winter plowing
gTeatly lessens the pressure of work in spring and
land can often be plowed then, which could not be
touched until too late in the spring for the best re-
sults in the crop. — En.

Smut on Corn— Grass for Name.

1 . What causes smut on corn 1

2. Will the smut hurt horses, cattle, slieep or bogs
to eat it ?

•3. Enclosed find sample grass head that grows
about hero. Tell me the name and value of it, and
can I secure it at the seed store ?

Catawba Co., N. C. A. C. Edwards.

Smut is caused by a fungus known by the name of
Ustilago zeae. Tt is a fungus of a simple nature, and
entirely distinct from the smuts of wheat, barley or
oats. It is not like these, conveyed on the seed from

1903.]

THE SOUTHERN PLANTER

629

one crop to another, but is usually conveyed to the
field and thence spreads to the en i !• • ;.nure from
the barn yard or in rich soil, which i :■ ■■ > n infected
with smut spores from smutted ears or »;i;iks thrown
down on the gTound. The spores are carrieJ in the
air, and these sources of infection grow quickly on
touching a moist, tender place on the ear or stalk.
The only way to prevent infection or check it is to
carefully destroy with fire or bury deeply or scald
with boiling water everv piece of smutted corn or
stalk.

2. Smut is not injurious to animals, indeed it has
been found to be nutritious for cattle.

3. The grass sent is Panicum proliferum, a weedy
annual grass of no particular value as forage. You
could not buv the seed of seedsmen. — Ed.

Feed for Young Pigs.

In the absence of milk, what feed do you consider
best for young pigs seven or eight weeks old ? Would
you advise blood meal to produce high class pigs —
prize winners ? Subsgribeb.

Dinwiddie Co., Va.

Ship stuff with a little fine bran mixed with it and
a teaspoonful of blood meal added to each feed mixed
in water or kitchen slops. A spoonful of fine bone
meal added to the food once a week will also be found
beneficial. Let the pigs also have some green food,
clover or vetches, and some wood ashes to eat when
they desire. These will help to keep their digestive
organs and bowels right. We have had some good
reports as to the use of blood meal for both pigs and
calves. — Ed.

Protecting Peas and Beans from Weevil.

I have some peas and soja beans that I failed to
sow this season and wish to carry over for next
spring's seeding. Is there any wav I can treat them
to prevent bugs eating them ? If so, please give
remedy through the columns of your paper.

Pittsylvania Co., Va. Earmei;.

Place the jieas and beans in a tight bin or barrel
with a close fitting lid. Prociire a can of bisulphide
of carbon from a drug store and fill a saucer with the
liquid and jjlace it on the top of the seed and close
the lid. Leave for 24 hours, when the vapor from
the drug will have sunk down through the seed and
have killed every living thing in it. This should be
repeated two or three times during the winter and
spring, as the eggs of insects will hatch at intervals
through this time. Be careful to keep all lights away
from the carbon, as it is very explosive. The smell
of the drug will pass off from the seed in a short
time after exposure to the air, and it has no dele-

terior effect on grain of any kind. It is equally ef-
fective in destroying animal life of all kinds, there-
fore do not inhale more of the vapor than can be
helped. — Ed.

Cheese IVIaking— Sick Hog.

1. Please inform me whether cheese can be manu-
factured on a small scale — that is to say, on a farm
where about ten cows are kept. If so, what equip-
ments are necessary ? What knowledge is required
to be able to operate a cheese factory with success;
and can such knowledge be obtained in our agricul-
tural institutions? If so, what time is required to
gain such knowledge ?

2. I also desire to know something regarding my
hogs, with which I have some misfortune. I bought
a pair of Berkshire pigs from one of your adver-
tisers. They were very fine ones, but one had a
severe cough, which I treated in different ways, but
with no success, the one affected being a sow. When
she had pigs, which were very fine, I noticed that
some of the pigs were also affected. I tried giving
spirits of turpentine in food, but with no effect.
One died. We cut it open and found that the pig
was all swelled inside, having lumps on the lungs.
I would like to know the disease, and what would be
the best cure. George Sedivt.

Dinwiddie Co., Va.

1. Yes ; cheese can be made on a small scale on the
farm. It was formerly all made in this way, but the
cheese factory has now largely supplanted the small
home industry. A better quality of cheese is made
when larger quantities are handled and larger cheeses
made. We believe there is a good opening for cheese
factories in the South, as there is a considerable con-
sumption of cheese, and it is all brought from the
North. There was a factory operated in Orange
county, Va., some years ago, and a good quality of
cheese was made, for which a market was readily
found, but it was destroyed by fire, and the business
not resumed. The equipment required is not very
costly either for home or factory work, and can be
had from dairy utensil makers in the North. We
would not advise the starting of home making, as the
difficulty of finding a market for the small cheeses
would be great. If the owners of 50 cows would com-
bine together and start a small factory we believe it
would be a profitable investment. A course in
cheese making would require to be taken at some
Northern or Northwestern Agricultural College, or
a skilled cheese maker from one of these institutions
would have to be engaged. There are several books
published on cheese making, from which much could
be learned, but a three months' course in a practical
school would be best. Wisconsin Agricultural Col-

630

THE SOUTHEKX PLAXTER.

[Octolwr

lege Avould be the best place to go to for this purpose
as thev make the best cheese in that State.

2. The hog probably suffered from chronic bron
chitis, which was transmitted to the pig which died
and then developed into lung disease. Nitrate of
potash in drachm doses given two or three times a
week will often relieve this troiible. It is usually
caused by exposure to cold drafts or from sleeping in
dustv beds. — En.

Plowing Down Peas.

I planted peas in row in oat stubble as a prepara-
tion for cotton. They have fallen do^^■n so they can-
not be saved for hay, and there is about a half stand
of volunteer oats. Would it be l>etter to plow down
this f aH or leave the oats for a winter cover ? If the
pea vines are left on top till spring will their nitrogen
get into the soil or escape into the air. R.

Lincoln Co., N. C.

The best course to pursue in order to secure all the
fertilizing value of the peas is to plow them down
now and sow rye, wheat or winter oats on the land to
conserve this fertility. If crimson clover or vetches
were also sown with the grain this would not only
conserve, but add to the fertility. If allowed to lie
on the land all winter some of the nitrogen will be
lost. — Ed.

Calves Dying.

Yesterday (September 14th') I visited my son, who
is managing the farm and taking care of mansion
formerly occupied by the late ilr. Calvin Jeffers. in
Nottoway county, Va. Hi? milch cows have lieen
ninning, for several months, on a field of from,
thirty to forty acres, on part of which was wheat and
the rest a very poor crop of oats this year. The oats
were not worth cutting, and but few were cut. Three
of the cows have a calf each with them. These
calves have been confined through the day in the en-
clostire in which the houi=e stands, and at night turn-
ed with the cows, with which they remain till morn-
ing, in a yard adjoining, in which there is nothing
growing b'.it very short grass. In the enclosure in
which the calves have stayed through the day are a
large variety of ornamental trees and shrubs, which
they could eat of at will — for instance, spruce pine,
oleander bush, cedars and a box hedge on each side
of driveway. On Sunday morning one of the three
calves was noticed with its head turned abruptly
round, grinding its teeth, frothing at mouth, bellow
ing, staggering, falling, jumping up, and in thirty
mintites from being first seized died. It was four
months' old, in good condition, and always appeared
perfectly healthy until this took place. Yesterday
morning a second one died exactly in the same way

about the same time of morning an.d died after suf-
fering about the same time. It was about two
months old. In skinning them there was noticed an
abnormal quantity of nearly black blood about head
and neck. What can be the cause? I have been
breeding cattle for half a centtiry, but have never
met with a case like this. Ai.fred St.\bi.es.

Lunenburg Co., Va.

We have very little doubt but that the calves died
from poisoning from having eaten some of the orria-
mentJil shrubs in the yard. We believe that it is
generally recognized that the oleander is poisonous
to stock, and most of the ornamental evergreens are
so. We have known many cattle to be poisoned by
yew, laurestinus and laurel, and we believe also from
box. — Ed.

Fertilizers for Tobacco^ Tomatoes and Wheat.

Please give me the names of all ingredients to
make fertilizer of the best kind for growing tobacco
on poor land, and also the name of the best seed to
sow for marketing purposes; and also the best kind
of tomato to sow for canning, and what kind of fer-
tilizer to use for them to make the best yield. Is
there much profit on such crops ? Also give me the
name of the best fertilizers for growing wheat, as I
made a failure on my crops.

NorfhuinherJand Co.. Ya. T. L. AsnBt"Bx.

If the writer of this enquiry will rtad The
Planter carefully he will find the question of the
best fertilizer to use for these particular crops fully
disctissed previotis to the time for planting the same
each year. We do not undertake to recommend any
imrtir-ular make or brand of fertilizer, but tell what
the particular crop calls for. and in what form this
can be purchased. We have in the past two or three
issue? disctissed the fertilizer required to grow wheat.
Phosphoric acid is the element most needed, and
this can be supplied by acid phosphate or hr>ne meal,
or preferably by a mixture of the two. Probably
what the writer most needs is humus in his soil, and
thi? he can get by solving crimson clover and vetches
now. — En.

Canada Peas — Crops for Hog Pastures— Rape.

1. AYIiat time should C'anada field peas be planted
here in Georgia ?

2. Do they make as good hay a? the comm<^n cow
peas?

•1. Wliat time in the spring shotild they be cut for
hay ? I want to plant a succession of crops for hog
pasture for winter and fall grazing. Expect to have
about one htmdred head of hogs and pigs.

■i. What crops do you think would be best for me
to plant ?

lyoa.J

THE SOUTHERN PLANTEE.

631

5. When should rape be planted ?

Thomas Co., Ga. W. L. Jenkins.

1. Canada peas' should be sowed in Georgia in
December or January. Sow at the rate of 1^ bushels
to the acre and cover 4 or 5 inches either by plowing
them down or by drilling them, and then sow half a
bushel of winter oats or wheat and harrow.

2. They make good hay when grown in this mix-
tiire, and also good grazing for hogs.

3. They should be cut or grazed before the warm
weather sets in or they will be killed by mildew.
The}' are a cold climate crop.

4. The best crops to sow for fall and winter graz-
ing for hogs are cow peas, sorghum, corn, rape and
artichokes.

5. Rape is a cold climate crop, and should be sowni
in Georgia in August or September for fall, winter
and spring grazing or in Febriiary for spring grazing.
Artichokes should be planted in March or April for
the hogs in winter. They will root them out except
when the land is hard frozen. — Ed.

Hair on Horse's Tail.

Can you give me any remedy for thickening a
horse's tail. I have a very handsome horse, but his
tail is very thin. Any information along this line
will be greatly appreciated. G. P.

Marion Co., S. C.

We know of nothing better to make hair grow on
an animal than to keep the bare or thin spot well
greased with vaseline. Grooms in England, when
we were a boy, used to mix gunpowder with grease
and apply it to make hair grow. Whether this use
of gunpowder added anything to the value of the
grease we doubt. — Ep.

IS often found not to be the best. This is largely
caused by the nature and chemical constituent of the
soils on which the crops are grown, and the availa-
bility of the plant food in the .soil. On most South-
ern soils the controlling element in heavy vields of
the cereal and leguminous crops is usually found to
be phosphoric acid. For vegetables and tobacco the
controlling elements, potash and nitrogen. The only
true way in which to answer this question is to ask
it of the soil. Test the different crops on soil of a
like character with different combinations of fer-
tilizing elements and with each element separately,
and the answer given will be reliable for that soil. —
Ed.

Transplanting Trees.

Will yon please publish in your next issue the best
time for transplanting trees, such as "white oak,"
etc., and how large could they be transplanted so as
to live ? Subscriber.

Sussex Co., Va.

All trees except evergreen trees can be successfully
transplanted in the late fall or early spring. Ever-
green trees should be transplanted in the late spring.
It is never wise to endeavor to transplant large trees,
as even if they live they never make good growth
afterwards. We have seen trees from 6 to 9 inches
in diameter in the trunk transplanted, but whilst
many of them lived they did no more than live for
many years. Smaller trees, say half the size, would
have made better trees in a few years' time. — Ed.

Fertilizer Requirement of Crops.

A subscriber askes us to give in a general way the
special requirements of different crops in the way of
fertilizers :

Crops may be devided into the following groups,
with their requirements :

Group A. — Wheat, barley, rye, oats, timothy. Re-
quire, first, nitrogen ; next, phosphoric acid ; last,
potash.

Group B. — Corn, cotton. Require, -first, phos
phoric acid ; next, potash ; last, nitrogen.

Group C. — Peas, beans, clover, hay. Require,
first, potash ; next, phosphoric acid ; last, nitrogen.

The foregoing may be taken as the theoretical re-
quirement of the crops deduced from analysis of their
constituents. In practice, this theoretic requirement

Hog Husbandry in the South.

1. I have a fine field of corn — worked out clean
and level f though land is hilly), and have seeded rye
( thin) and German clover on part of it. On balance
I sowed wheat and oats thinly and German clover,
and at one end I sowed about an acre or more of
alfalfa (to stand if successful) twenty pounds of
seed. I sowed black peas thinly over the whole
piece, to afford shade during the fall after the corn
is cut, and I thought they would improve the land,
too. My oliject is to graze with pigs this winter
(wrong for alfalfa, is it not?). Then I want to use
the pigs on it so that I can get best results as to feed
during the spring. Will I be able to let the grains
mature and graze them off with hogs and then have
time to sow a crop of peas ^ This is heavy land, and
cannot be plowed except we have rain at that season,
and there is a risk in that. Will the grain waste if
kept for hogs. I suppose they should be put on it
when in the milk state. I would thank you for in-
formation along this line. My land is good, and
produces fine crops. I want to get best results possi-

632

THE SOUTHERN PLANTER.

[October

ble from it. Then will it pay to risk a season fur
plowing and wait for the small grain, or turn under
a green fallow in May and plant peas in drills? I
have liad no experience in feeding hogs on crops of
small grain. They do well in the stubble some years
as long as it lasts.

2. I have nearly finished fallowing a nine acre
lot of good, heavy land, about half of it was in wheat
this year, after peas last year, the other half was in
clover cut off this year; not a thick stand. Now, I
want to use this field to best advantage in feeding
hogs next season. Then shall I ?ow wheat and oats
mixed (and rye, too 0 and German clover or vetch?
Is there anything better for fall feeding than peas
with a sprinkling of corn grown all through it ? Or
will there be more profit in growing wheat on this
land or oats, to be threshed and feed the grain either
whole or ground ? The land will bring fine crops of
either, if fertilized with Charleston phosphate (and
the oats do not winter kill, and not likely if drilled
in early enough). Best results for hogs is what T
want to reach.

3. I want to grow one hundred or more fine hogs
annually, and how to'use my land to produce the best
results for these or a greater niimber if I can feed
them is what I want to do, and 1 will appreciate an
outline for the yearly course of breeding, care of pigs,
homes and yards, arranged to feed well, shelter well,
and save manure to be easily accessible with manure
spreader, and crops and quantity of land required to
obtain greatest results at least cost. I think you
gave an article nearly a year ago from Breeder's Ga-
zette or some other paper on this subject, but I cannot
find it. It would be timely reading again. It was
about a hog farm, where, I think, they raised about
200 hogs. I will thank you to refer me to it if you
can cross it, and give what other information you can.

4. My corn grows very tall, stalks ranging 12 to
15 feet, and often more, and very large. It would
make magnificent ensilage, but I have but few cattle
to feed, and I need the grain for team and hogs. I
would like very much to grow as fine ears as I do on
stalks just half as high. Is there any variety of
corn that grows big ears on low stalks ? Is there any
way of saving the corn and ensilaging the stalk ?
Dry fodder corn as large as mine represents immense
labor to secure feed, only a very small part of which
is eaten, and which is considered least valuable for
lack of protein. My fodder is in my way, though I
cut it up. C. N. Stacy.

Amelia Co., Va.

1. The seedings of rye, wheat and oats and Ger-
man clover and black peas will make good grazing
for your hogs in the fall and spring. The alfalfa
should not be grazed. It will not be wise to let the
crops stand until the grain matures, but turn the hogs
on when in the milk state or a little earlier, and the

greater i)art of the crop will then be eaten. If al-
lowed to mature the grain the straw will not be
eaten. As soon as the crop is fairly eaten down then
plow down the residue and sow the peas.

2. We would sow this field with the mixed small
grain and German clover and vetch, say 10 pounds
clover, 10 pounds vetch and half a bushel of mixed
grain, and one or two pounds of rape seed to the
acre. This sliould give you good winter and spring
grazing, and then follow with cow peas and corn or
sorghum for late summer and fall feeding. We
think you will get more feed and better results in the
hogs in this way than to sow in wheat or oats and
thresh and feed the grain.

3. The article referred to was published in the
issue of December, 1902, page 698. It described
a successful Illinois hog farm. Eighty acres were
divided into four fields of 20 acres each, with a shed
located in the centre so as to be accessible from all
the fields. The crops grown were oats seeded with
clover, clover pasture, soy beans and artichokes and
corn. The oats were seeded after corn and sown with
clover. Soy beans one part and artichokes on other
part folloAV the clo'\'er, and these were followed by
corn. Here we can improve on this rotation by using
cow peas in the place of the clover, and crimson
clover and vetches with oats, wheat and rye for winter
and sjjring grazing in the place of the oats and red
clover. Sorghum and corn can be planted in the
])lace of the corn alone, and thus give better early fall
feeding. The artichokes should be grown here, as
they make the best of winter feed, which the hogs har-
vest for themselves. Rape also may be grown here
for fall, winter and spring grazing. Sow in August
and September for fall and winter gi-azing, and in
March for spring grazing.

4. There is no way to prevent corn growing tall
on good land in the South. Even if yoii get a dwarf
Northern variety, it will in a couple of years shoot
up until as tall as our Southern varieties. Our long
gi'owing season causes this. You can save the corn
and make ensilage of the stalks and fodder if yoii will
])ull the cox'n as soon as it is glazed and dented, and
then cut the stalks and run them through a cutter, or
better, a shredder into the silo and wet them well
with water as they are packed in the silo. Whilst
not so good as silage made from corn grown specially
for the silo and cut green, yet this fodder corn silage
makes fair feed for stock if some grain be fed with
it.— Ed.

When corresponding with advertisers, kindly men-
tion the Southern Planter.

1903.]

THE SOITTHEKN PLANTEE.

63S

Trucking, Garden and Orchard.

WORK FOR THE MONTH.

The gathering, storing and shipping of the apple
crop will almost bring to a close the harvesting of the
products of the garden and orchard for another year.
It is lamentable to see M-ith what a want of care this
gathering and disposal of the apple crop is too often
done in the South. Instead of carefully picking the
fruit from the trees, the apples are too often shaken
off or knocked off with poles, and thus so bruised and
injured as to make them incapable of being kept for
more than a very short time, and absolutely unfits
them for shipping to market. Then when picked up
from the ground they are, if intended to be sold,
dumped into dirty barrels or boxes, or even into
slatted crates or barrels and covered only with a
piece of sacking, and thus shipped.l^o care is taken
to keep varieties separate or to cull out bruised and
diseased specimens. When they reach the market
the commission merchant is at a loss what to do with
them. "NTo one wants such fruit, and the result is
that the grower receives little or nothing for them.
The fruit should be carefully picked and the sorts be
kept separate, and all undersized, bruised and diseased
fruit be kept at home and the large, good fruit, not
needed for home use, be put into good, clean barrels
and tightly packed and a good head be put on the
barrel and pressed down so as to prevent shaking and
bruising. Shipped in this way all fruit will find a
buyer and at a fair price. There is a demand for
apples in nearly every little town, and a large demand
in every large city. Where only a few barrels are
grown more than needed it will often pay to carry
them to the nearest town put up in boxes holdinff a
bushel each and neatly packed. Tn large cities there
is also a demand for these small packages of fruit,
and a much better average price could be made if
this demand was catered to. There are thousands of
people who can buy a bushel of apples who do not
want a barrel. This neglect of the small home buyer
is responsible for much loss on the products of the
orchard and garden all over the country. The large
commercial grower has not time to attend to this
trade. He picks, packs and ships his fruit in the
best manner possible, and then puts it on the whole-
sale markets of this coimtry and Europe, and gets its
full value. The small grower too often gets nothing
or ne.xt to nothing for his, but this is largely his own
fault. We would urge attention to this subject.
There is m.oney in it. Do not neglect to store away

a good supply of apples for home consumption. These
keep best stored in a cool, dry room or cellar in
slatted l)ins, not holding more than two or three bush-
els each, and these should be looked over every few
weeks and the spotted fruit be picked out and used
first. In thif way a supply may be kept until the
spring.

The late and second crop of Irish potatoes should
be dug as soon as they become matured. The sooner
they are dug after this period and the better they will
keep when stored. Do not let them lay out in the
sun after they are dug longer than necesary to dry
them so that the soil will leave them clean. Sort as
gathered, and store as directed on another page of
this issue.

In this issue will be found advice as to digging and
storing sweet potatoes.

Carrots, parsnips and salsify will keep safely in
the ground where grown, unless the winter be a very
severe one. To guard against loss from this, a part
of the crop should be pulled and be stored in sand in
a cool, frost proof cellar. Beets should be stored ih
the same way. Turnips will keep in piles out of
doors protected with straw. These latter will, how-
ever, yet grow much larger; indeed, they will make
more weight in November than, during any other
period of their growth. Do not, therefore, "^disturb
them until severe frost is passed.

Cabbage and lettuce seed may be sowed for plants
to set out in early spring. Make the seed beds in a
situation where they can be protected easily from
severe weather in the winter by being covered with
mats, leaves or straw.

Cabbage? for the early crop may be set out at the
end of the month. They should be got into the fields
just soon enough to get hold of the land with their
roots before severe weather sets in, but not soon
enough to make growth or they will be very apt to be
killed by frost, as the young gi-owth is tender. Lay
the rows out East and West and set the plants on the
South sides of the rows, so that they will be somewhat
shielded from the coldest winds and weather. Have
the land deeply broken and finely prepared, and do
not spare the manure or fertilizer. Cabbages are

634

THE SOUTHERAT PLANTEE.

"Ociolter

gross feeders. Give plenty of phosphoric acid and
potash now. and give the nitrogen in the spring when
the plants start growing. From 300 to 500 pounds
of acid phosphate and from 100 to 150 pounds of
muriate of potash should be applied per acre.

.altogether there is every prospect of a good demand
for -Ymerican and Canadian apples, as there is prac-
tically nothing else to come against them this sea-
son."— Farmer's Advocate, Canada.

Celery should be earthed up a little as it grows to
prevent the plants from spreading out on the ground,
but it is too early yet to earth it up to blanch it unless
it has made good growth and is wanted for an early
market. In putting earth to the plant hold the stalks
together with one hand and pull the earth around with
the other. This keeps the soil out of the heart of the
plants. If allowed to get there the plants will canker
and the stalks be spoiled.

In dry, warm, light land strawberry plants may be
set out this month. If the land is in good fertility
and fine order and care be taken in setting out the
plants, and the plants be fine, strong ones, they will
continue to grow almost as though they had not been
moved, and will give a small crop next year. Land
that has grown an Irish potato crop and been made
rich for that purpose and been kept clean and worked
makes an ideal place for this fall planted strawberry
crop.

Land may commence to be got ready for the plant-
ing of orchard trees, but it is too early yet to set them
out. Let the land be well and deeply plowed and be
set out in such a way as that the rows of fruit trees
can be kept in straight lines and at uniform distances
and so as to utilize the space to the fullest advantage.

Clean up and burn all trash, leaves, prunings,
weeds and waste in the garden, orchard and vineyard,
and thus destroy all insect and fungous pests. Plow
and seed all land not carrying any other crop in crim-
son clover, vetches, wheat, oats and rye. This will
conscn-e fertility and make humus when turned down
in spring.

THE SCARCITY OF FRUIT IN EUROPE.

Additional evidence of the scarcity of fruit in
Europe is furnished by a recent letter from Thomas
Rus.scll, fruit broker, Glasgow, to Mr. W. A. Mac-
Kinnon, Chief of the Fruit Division, Ottawa. Mr.
Russell writes: "The apple croji in England, Ireland
and Scotland is a very poor one, while on the conti-
nent there is also a very light crop. Pears and
plums are also scarce in England. So far as Glas-
gow is concerned, we shall have to depend entirely on
supplies of apples from America and Canada, and

NOTICE TO APPLE GROWERS.

Piichmond, Va., Sept. -21, ltH)3. '
Editor Southern Planter:

Dear Sir, — As previo\isly brought to yoiir notice,
upon the active co-operation of the fruit gi-owers nf
the State must depend the success or failure, to a
arge extent, of Virginia 'sfriiit exhibit at the St. Louis
World's Fair, so I hope each individual grower will
do all that he can to make this exhibit a success. It
will be necessary to obtain at least fifty barrels of
apples from each of the leading apple counties of the
State to enable a continuous exhibit to be made in a
creditable manner during the entire period of the
Exposition, and if each gi-ower will contribute a
barrel or so of ai3]des, each one will get equal indi-
vidual advertisement and the burden will wA bear
heavily upon any. Please give me your active sup-
port nt once, and follow instructions carefully, as I
am already receiving apples that through improper
selection and handling are valueless for exjiosition
purposes.

DIRECTIONS.

Apples should be carefully picked with the stem
left on, must be free from defacement by worms,
black ends, scab, cloud or other skin diseases, should
be of normal shape and well colored. Great care
should be exercised in handling to prevent bruising,
and to this end apples, pears, etc., should be picked
direct from the tree and each individual apple wrap-
ped in paper, for which purpose newspaper or oi'di-
nary wrapping paper will answer. Pack in boxes or
barrels, whichever may be most convenient, but in
any case use plenty of packing and ■wrapping ma-
terial, as n less quantity well cared for is more de-
sired than a large quantity in bad condition. Size
must be sr>condary to the perfect condition of the
fruit, as it matters not how large if the specimen has
a black end. is scabby or bruised, it cannot be ex-
hibited.

Pears, quinces and nuts, both wild and cultivated,
are also desired.

Ship to George E. Murrell, Supt., care Tho Mer-
chants Cold Storage Co., Richmond, Va., by express.
Yours very truly,

Geokge E. Mttrkeli..

We invite the attention of apple growers to the
above communication, and would earnestly urge that
each individual grower should make it a matter of
personal care and a point of honor in the interest of
the State to select a barrel of his best fruit and ship

1903.]

THE SOUTHEKN PLANTER.

635

it to Mr. Miirrell. If this is done, Virginia can
make an exhibit of apples which will be the means of
bringing thousands of dollars into the State each
year. — Ed.

THE VIRGINIA STATE HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY.

Editor Southern Planter:

I promised to send you particulars of arrange-
ments for special railroad and hotel rates for the
annual meeting of the Virginia State Horticultural
Society, at Pulaski, on December 2d and 3d, but fear
I cannot do so until your next issue, as I am still in
correspondence with the railroads on the subject. We
have met with most gratifying success from firms we
have applied to to help lis by offering premiums for
the exhibits of fruits, vegetables, flowers and seeds.
Several of our Virginia firms interested in supplying
horticultural implements having shown their desire
to encourage a fine exhibit by most liberal offers,
among those who have done so are The Implement
Co., Richmond, Va., a double hand press cider mill
or an improved chilled plow ; Hening & Nuckles,
Richmond, Va., No. .5 one horse, swing handle Farm-
er's Friend plow; Watkins & Cottrell Co., of Rich-
mond, Va., set of tools for pruning trees; W. T.
Hood & Co., Old Dominion Nurseries, Richmond.
Va., 200 apple, 100 peach, and $10 worth either
fruit or ornamentals selected from catalogue ; John
A. Young. Greensboro, N. C, 50 winter apple trees.
for the best seedling winter apple ; Sydnor Pump and
Well Co., Richmond, Va., bucket spray pump (Fig.
689 of their catalogue) ; T. W. Wood & Sons, Rich-
mond, $2.50 worth of garden seeds for the best ex-
hibit of vegetables; Field Force Pump Co., of El-
mira, N. Y., one "Empire King" spray pump, mount-
ed on .50 gallon barrel, and fitted with extension rod,
hose and nozzles — "to the farmer fruit grower who
makes the best exhibit of winter apples gathered from
sprayed trees"; Sjn-amotor Co., London, Ont., Can-
ada, any outfit the Society may select from catalogue,
price of which does not exceed $15. Party receiving-
same may exchange for any pump which is more
elaborate by paying difference in cost. We have
further offers of premiums which are not yet confirm-
ed. The Society proposes to devote a session to dis-
cussion of the subject of advertising our State's re-
sources, with a special view to encouraging an exten-
sive exhibit of fruit for St. Louis Exposition. Gov-
ernor Montague has expi-essed his interest in this
feature, and promises to attend and give an address
on the subject if it is possible to do so. Speakers
will open subjects for discussion who are well known
to the fruit growing indiistry both in Virginia and

other States. Our programme with particulars of
the fruit exhibit will be published as soon as it is
possible to have all the details collected in proper
shape. Waltee Whately,

Secretary and Treasurer.
Crozet, Alhemarle Co., Ya.

ORCHARD AND GARDEN NOTES.

Ediior Southern Planter:

Recently I was invited to go with the owner
through a large apple orchard. Several things in
the orchard impressed me very much. Many of the
trees on the lowest land Avere shedding the foliage
from the serious effects of roestelia and phyllosticta
fungus diseases. The apple crop on such trees is
very apt to be short next season, since the vitality of
the trees is being very much lowered. The owner
had not followed the advice given in the Spray Calen-
dar published in the Planter last spring. The trees
on the higher ground were not so badly affected. This
is what one might expect. Never plant trees on low,
wet land. Those who select orchard land for tree
planting this fall should be very carefiil to get well
drained land. There was a large amount of
"wormy" and decayed fruit under the trees on the
ground. Hogs would have readily consumed this
fruit with profit if allowed to do so, and thus would
have prevented one source of spreading the codlin
moth and bitter rot of the apple. A small herd of
mv OAvn is doing well on apples and clover. Thou-
sands of bushels of inferior fruit will go to waste this
year in Virginia, which had far better been fed into
pork.

The time has come when fruits and vegetables
should be stored away for winter. Too frequently
this work is done carelesslv.

As I promised in the Planter last spring to dis-
cuss harvesting and storing of sweet potato, some of
the results of my experiments with this crop will be
given here.

An erroneous idea often prevails that frost should
not kill the vines before digging. Sweet potatoes
diig before or after frost made no difference in their
keeping in my experience. There is only one test
that I know of by which to tell when the crop is ready
to harvest. If when a tuber is broken open it dries
up with a white crust-like formation, the crop is
readj' ; but if the broken surface continues to show a
watery, greenish appearance, the crop is not ready
to be harvested. If taken up then there is great
danger of loss from soft rot. The ground should be

636

THE SOUTHERN PLANTER

[October

dry, the day should be clear and bright, and the THE GRASS-MULCH METHOD OF APPLE CUL-

tubers should be left to drv a few hours in the sun
before gathering begins.

How to harvest the crop is quite important. (.)ne
of the simplest and easiest ways T have found is to
use a large turning plow with a rolling coulter on the
beam, hitch two horses to the plow, let one walk on
each side of the row, throw open a furrow on each
side of the row six inches from the centre. This
will cut the vines and throw the dirt away from
the potato row. When the field is gone over in this
way take off the rolling coulter and throw the pota-
toes out by running the plow under them.

Tn gathering, be careful not to bruise the tubers.
The baskets or boxes should be lined with cloth. The
first grade may be gathered by one party and tlie sec-
ono by another. All cut or bruised tubers should
go in the second grade, since soft rot is liable to start
on these unless handled with extreme care.

The piles should be made very small until the crop
cures. Examinations should be made each day for
a week or ten days in search of all tubers which may
have soft rot. AVhen the tubers cure well all danger
of soft rot is over. The crop may then be jilaced in
a suitable potato house. Small quantities may be
placed in clean, dry road sand and 1)6 kept in a warm
place with ease all winter. Mice cannot go throngl
sand to injure the tubers, which is a very important
point to remember. Plenty of tubers should be put
away for bedding out next season. Not enough of
this most important vegetable (both for man and
beast) is grown in Virginia. It can be grown on thin
sandy soil, where the Irish potato fails.

We have just received from the Virginia Experi-
ment Station bulletins number 5, 6, 7 and 8, on the
various phases of cider making. These bulletins
couistitute, perhaps, the most exhaustive treatise on
the subject in the English language. We are sorry
the station did not put all four bulletins in one, like
the same material was published in bulletin form by
the United States Department of Agriculture. Num-
bers count for nothing. Tn this form some are apt
to become misplaced or lost in the hands of (lie
farmer. The bulletins are dated ]\ray, June, July
and August, 1002, while the matter in all the bulle-
tins is rather technical, but treat the various sub-
jects also from a commercial standpoint. Now, we
would like to see Prof. Alwood try his hand on one
for the practical farmer, who has only one or two
barrels to make. It could be numbered 9, Septcm-
l>er, 1903. R. H. Price.

Montgomery Co., Va.

JURE.

Experiments in mulching show that a lack of a
uniform supply of moisture is responsible for seve-
ral orchard troubles, which have been attributed to
other causes. It is evident, therefore, that in the
management of an orchard the aim shoiild be to con-
serve moisture and at the same time to grow a crop
which shall add to the supply of vegetable fiber. The
grass-mulch method seems, under certain conditions,
to admirably meet the requirements as to vegetable
fiber and soil moisture. It woiild be premature to
attempt to say just what the limitations of the
method are, but it appears to be widely applicable,
and is especially advisable on hilly land — in fact,
wherever cultivation is difficult — and on soil which
washes and where grass can be made to grow.

To Mr. F. P. Vergon, of Delaware county, O., and
to Mr. Grant Hitchings, of Onondago county, N. Y.,
is due the credit of demonstrating that apples may be
successfully gro'wn by this method. Both of these
men have worked along essentially the same lines
for about fourteen years.

Thiis far the method has been unqualifiedly suc-
cessful, and merits a description; moreover, consid-
erable misconception concerning it has arisen, hence
there is not only danger of some going wrong who
may attempt it, but many who might adopt it to good
advantages may fail to see any good reason for doing
so.

Mr. Vergon planted his orchard in a field which
had been a bluegrass pasture for about fifty years,
and at about the same time Mr. Hitchings began
planting a young orchard where an old one had stood
in grass for about one hundred years. He has also
planted an orchard in a field which had been in cul-
tivation for the same length of time, but had been
well eared for, and another in a wornout field. Both
of these fields have been in grass from the time of
planting. Both of these gentlemen dug large holes
for the trees, and both mulched the newly-planted
trees. Mr. Vergon made hay of the grass for a few
years, but soon decided to take nothing from the
orchard but apples. He has mulched the trees with
the grass, and has also hauled in various kinds of ma-
terial for the purpose. Mr. Hitchings mulches his
trees until they get well established and then cuts the
grass and lets it lie.

The trees in both Mr. Vergon's and Mr. Hitch-
ings's orchards began bearing at an early age, and
have given annual crops. It is especially noticeable
that the trees are able to carry a crop of fruit and to
form fruit-buds at the same time, while the fruit is
well colored and hangs on remarkably well. Even
in dry seasons there appears to be no bad effects from
dry weather on the growth of the trees or upon the
size of the fruit. The loss by dropping is insignifi-

1903.]

THE SOUTHEKN PLANTER.

637

cant. A.11 of the results which are supposed to come
from good tillage and cover-crops are found in these
orchards in a marked degree. — Professor W. J.
Oreen, in Bulletin No. 137 of the Ohio Experiment
Station.

GERMINATION OF SEEDS.

Following table indicates the length of time which
seeds will germinate with profit :

Years.

Asparagus 4

Beans ^

Beets 5

Cabbage 7

Carrot 5

Cauliflower T

Celery 8

Corn' 2

Cucumber 12

Lettuce •'>

Egg plant "

Melon 7

Onion 2

Peas 4

Parsnips 1

Pumpkin 7

Kadish 3

Spinach 3

Squash 7

Tomato ^

Turnips 5

With melons, cucumbers and squashes the older
seeds produce luxuriant growth of vine and earlier
settins: of fniit. All others decrease in vitality with
years.

The following table shows the average time of ger-
mination from planting of the more common seeds :

Days.

Beans 5 to 10

Beets 7 to 10

Cabbage 5 to 10

Carrot 12 to 20

Cauliflower 5 to 10

■ Celerv 10 to 20

Corn" 5 to 8

Cucumber 5 to 10

Endive 5 to 10

Lettuce 6 to

Onions 7 to 10

Parsnips 10 to 20

Peas 6 to 10

Pepper 10 to 14

Eadish 3 to 6

Salsify 7 to 12

Tomato 6 to 12

Turnip 4 to 8

The table below gives generally the time from
planting to full maturity :

Days.

Beets 40 to 60

Cabbage 90 to 115

Carrot 90 to 110

Celery 150 to 160

Com (sweet) 65 to 90

Cucumber 55 to 75

Lettuce 6.^ to 75

Watermelon 125 to 150

Muskmelon 125 to 150

Squash (winter) 120 to 150

Squash fsummer) 90 to 100

Esrg Plant 150 to 175

Onions 130 to 150

Parslev 90 to 120

Peas 40 to 90

Pepper 1^0 to 160

Kadish 20 to 30

Spinach 60 to 80

Tomato HO to 120

Turnip 60 to 75

•Geo. H. C. Willi.\ms.

District of Columbia.

FOREIGNERS WANT OUR APPLES.

The outlook for the export trade of American and
Canadian apples is unusually bright.

Writing from Edinburgh, James Lindsay & Son
say: "Fruit of every description is scarce here, es-
peciallv apples, of which there are really next to
none in Great Britain, and we are of the opinion the
crop on the continent is less than ihey claim. But
even though the continental crop turns out more ap-
ples than now anticipated, this will not materially in-
terfere with shipments from America, as the quality
of European fruit is so much inferior they can only
be used for cooking purposes. Our opinion is that
if shippers on your side continue to send a good grade
of apples, there will be as many wanted here as last
season." Henry Levy, fruit auctioneer of Covent
Garden, London, reports high prices for fancy au-
tiunn apples, and believes Kieffer pears should do
well this season, packed in half barrels.

A forceful reason for probable activities the com-
ing six months is the unquestioned shortage of the
European fruit crop. The yieU of apples and prac-
tically all fruits in the United Kingdom is very short.
On the continent, moderate to fair crops are reported.
Yet the excessively high prices ruling there suggest
that the amount available for market is small, after
all. The European apple crop, as pointed out from
time to time in American Agriculturist, is made up
mostly of autumn fruit, which is largely out of the
way by the time our hard winter varieties are ready
for market. — American Agriculturist.

638

THE SOUTHERN PLANTER

[October

Live Stock and Dairy.

TEXAS OR TICK FEVER.

We are glad to know from letters we have received
that oxir remarks in reply to inquiries published in
our last issue have aroused attention amongst farm-
ers to this subject. In truth, it is one of the most
vital interest for all Southern farmers, and especially
for farmers in Virginia, where there is no reason
whatever why with proper attention and exertion
this serious hindrance to the improvement and ex-
tension of our cattle industry should not be wholly
removed. We have repeatedly stated, and we so state
again with absolute confidence in our opinion, that
the whole State of Virginia can be Drought out of
quarantine and hundreds of thousands of dollars be
added to the value of our live stock every year by at-
tention to this subject. North Carolina is moving
ahead much faster in this direction than Virginia,
and has already secured the exemption of several
counties from quarantine. The removal of this hin-
drance to the free marketing of stock has added from
one half to one cent per pound to the value of all
stock shipped from those counties, a gain in one
county alone of over $G,000 for one year's shipments.
What is being done in North Carolina can be more
easily done in Virginia, as we are further north, and
our winters help ns more in getting rid of the ticks.
Once get rid of these, and Texas fever, or it is com-
monly called, "Murrain," will cease to kill oti onr
cattle. The way to get rid of the ticks is described
in the following extract from instruction? issued by
Dr. Tait Butler, the State Veterinarian of North
Carolina, nnder v,'ho.se able guidance and careful
work great progress has been made in that State :

}10W TO i:XTERMIX.\TE THE CATTLE TICK.

"Since it is only with a full knowledge of the habits
of the cattle ticks and the manner in which they breed
that the pro]ier means for their destruction can be de-
vised and understood, the following facts should be
carefully considered :

1. The full-grown female ticks, after filling them-
selves with blood, drop oflF the cattle and crawl nnder
leaves, grass or any other material with which the
groimd may be covered.

2. In two or three days these ticks begin laving
eggs and lay from 1,500 to 2,500 during the next two
weeks.

3. In real warm weather these eggs may hatch in
three weeks, but the hatching may be greatly delayed
or prevented entirely by cold weather.

4. The young ticks (seed ticks) although extremely

small, are active, and crawl up the weeds, grass or
twigs and wait for cattle to come along and pick them

5. Since these yoimg ticks are not able to live
longer without fond, imless a cow, horse or mule
brushes its legs against the object upon which thev
are waiting, within four or five months they will
starve to death.

G. From the time the jovmg ticks get on cattle until
they are full grown and ready to drop off is about four
weeks, except in cold weather, when the-^- frequently
remain on much longer.

7. Neither old nor yoimg ticks crawl far, and a
fence with a rail or board on the ground will certainly
stop them, but wire fences do not always ailord pro-
tection.

8. Ticks do not go from one animal to another.

9. Eggs laid before the first of September will
hatch the same fall, and unless the young ticks get
on cattle, horses or mules they will die of cold or
starv'ation before spring.

10. Eggs laid during the cold weather of late fall
and winter do not hatch until the warm days of
spring. It is, therefore, the eggs and not the ticks
that arc able to pass through the winters of the north-
ern and western portions of this State.

A^'ith the foregoing facts in mind three methods of
destroying the ticks at once suggest themselves :

1. Keep all cattle, horses and mules out of the tick-
infested pastures, lanes and lots after September 1st,
and all eggs previously laid will hatch before cold
weather and the young ticks starve to death before
spring.

2. Eivide the pasture by a fence with a rail or
Iward tight on the ground, and the first year keep all
cattle, horses and mules out of one-half after Sep-
tember 1st. The second year put the cattle on the
half left vacant the year previous, and also provide
new lanes and lots or ground over which no cattle ran
the year before.

.3. If practicable, burn the pasture over thorotighly
early in the spring. Mix sulphur with the salt given
the cattle — one part of sulphur to three parts of salt.
Begin not later than April loth greasing the legs and
under parts of all cattle, and repeat it once a week
all summer. Wliile greasing the cattle look care-
fully for any ticks that may have escaped the grease
or attached themselves to the upper parts of the body,
and if any are found, pick them off and burn. The
grease may be one part kerosene and two ]iarts any
cheap sort convenient, STich as cotton seed oil. If a
little sulphur and tar be added the effect will be pro-
longed and increased. The grease prevents young
ticks from getting on the cattle and kills those already

1903.]

THE SOUTHERN PLANTER.

639

on by pln2;ging the small openings in the body
through which they breathe.

If the greasing and hand-picking be done thor-
oughly and no ticks allowed to drop in the pastures
lanes or lots, for fonr or five months during the warm
season, the effort will be STiccessful.

Either of the first two methods, when they can be
adopted, is always certain to exteminate the ticks ;
bnt the third is not applicable to large herds, and
will fail unless it is carefully and thoroughly carried
out."

We. are in hopes that our State Board of Quaran-
tine will take up this question, and we invite their
attention to it, and ask that they secure authority from
the Legislature for a vigorous campaigTi against the
ticks, and that the farmers of the State will support
them by urging upon the Legislature the apj^ropria-
tion of sufficient money to make the work effective.
The co-operation of county authorities will be needed
and the Legislature should authorize these to make the
necessary expenditure to secure effective quarantine
and cleansing of all tick infested cattle and pastures.
The passage of a "no fence" law would materially re-
duce the cost of exterminating ticks and shorten the
time required in doing the work. The State Veteri-
narian should also be authorized and required to in-
oculate all imported pure bred cattle on the request
of the owners, and thus encourage the breeding of a
better type of cattle.

PREVENTION OF TEXAS OR TICK FEVER.

Editor Southern Planter:

I see that IMr. C. A. Williams, of Ringwood, N.
C, after several trials and much loss, has discovered
that by inoculation one may introduce pure bred
cattle in the tick belt withotit much risk, and I am
glad to learn it. You might mention in the next
i.ssue of the Pi.a^^ter that there is equally as safe
and a mtich cheaper way to do it — viz., btty a calf not
more than two months old, give him to a native cow,
and after he has been in the tick country, say two
months, let some ticks get on him. He will have the
fever lightly, and then I think be immune. I bought
a polled Durliam calf last May just two months old
from ilessrs. Humbert Bros., who advertise in the
Planter, and he has just gone through the fever to
all appearances all right. Tnos. S. Norfleet.

Person Co., N. C.

Whilst there is no doubt that to proceed with a
calf as directed by our correspondent will confer in
some cases comjilete immunity aganist Texas fever,
yet this is not so absolutely certain as to avoid the
necessity for inoculation. The position as defined
by veterinarians seems to be this. All calves at birth

have a high degree of immunity against the tick fever.
This nattiral immunity is gTadually lost as they be-
come older. If when the calf is from 4 to 6 months
old it becomes infested with ticks a mild attack of the
disease is produced. This attack is usually so mild
that it is not noticed at all, but it confers further im-
munity against the disease. Through repeated tick
infestations and repeated mild attacks of the disease
a complete immtiuity is gradually established against
the disease. If the calf be inoculated between the
ages of nine and fifteen months usitally complete im-
munity against the disease will be established. The
attacks of fever before the age of nine months are
usually only so mild as not to confer complete im-
mtmity. The proper course to take when bringing
in cattle to the tick belt is to bring in only calves not
more than nine months old. These should be brought
South in December, and be inoctilated as soon as
rested and then in February following be again in-
oculated and the animals will then be ready to go on
the tick infested pastures in April with little fear of
future attacks. Older animals are liable to have so
severe an attack of the fever after inoctilation as to
occasion some loss, though this is not usually more
than 5 per cent. — Ed.

HOLLOW HORN— HOLLOW TAIL.

Editor Southern Planter:

I am a subscriber and .a great admirer of the
Southern Planter. I heartily agree with you on
the cheat question, but cannot on "Hollow tail" of
cattle. You say there are no such diseases of cattle
as "Hollow tail" and "Hollow horn." I have
handled hundreds of cattle; have been feeding and
caring for them from the time I was large enough,
and we risuaily kept from 50 to 100 head, and if I
ever saw one with Hollow horn I didn't know it,
though I have had a few men to have cows they said
had Hollow horn, and asked me for treatment. I
always advised them to bring them to my farm, and
T would cure it by dehorning them, which they did,
and afterward told me it was a success, but as far as
my own experience goes, if any of my cattle ever had
Hollow horn I never knew it, and never believed
there was such a disease.

But as to Hollow tail, T know that cattle have a
disease of the tail, which always proves fatal unless
treated, but do not know that a veterinarian would
call it Hollow tail. The symptoms are failing appe-
tite, falling off in flesh, hair standing on end, dreamy
eyes, not caring to come for feed. On examination
you will find the bone about an inch or two from end
of tail gone or badly diseased. On taking a sharp
knife and splitting the tail you will find little or no

640

THE SOUTHER?^ PLANTER.

[October

blood, with the bone slick and slimy. For treatment
simply split the tail to the bone as far as is diseased.
Some say put salt and pepper in it and tie up. I
never do anything but split the tail, and I have cured
dozens of them. You can see a marked improvement
in three days, and in a week they will be improving
rapidly. Once I had a valuable lot of yearling
steers wliich kept falling off until very thin. I could
not split the tails without help, and had none, so with
the steers running, I caught one by the tail and sim-
ply cut the tail off about four inches from the end,
and he was all 0. K. in a few days. I think, how-
ever, that uine-tenths of the so-called "Hollow horn"
and "Hollow tail" is a lack of care and feed.

J. D. SronGHii-T..

Shelby Co., Ey.

Xo veterinarian recognizes such a disease as "Hol-
low Tail." There may be some disease affecting
cattle of which a diseased tail is a sjTuptom, but it
cannot be of a serious character, if simply cutting the
tail end off will cure it. Boils on a man indicate a
diseased condition of the blood. Poulticing and lanc-
ing them will cure the boils, but not the disease,
which caused them. Our correspondent is no doubt
right in his opinion that want of feed and care are
really the true explanation of these so-called diseases.
"Hollow stomach" would be a more accurate name
for them. — Ed.

RIGHT OF OWNER OF PURE BRED CATTLE TO
RECOVER DAMAGES FROM OWNER OF SCRUB
BULL

Editor Sovthern Planter:

Die inquiry of J. L. H., in the September issue of
the Planter, has been answered by the Supreme
Court of Iowa, in the case of Crawford vs. Williams,
48 Iowa, 247. In that case the court held the meas-
ure of damages to be the difference in value of plain-
tiff's cow for breeding purposes before and after meet-
ing defendant's bull.

In deciding the above case the court uses the fol-
lowing language:

"The intelligent public spirit which employs itself
in the improvement of stock ought to be encouraged
and protected. It will be found impossible to main-
tain good breeds of stock if the owners of "scrub"
male animals may permit them to run at large with
impunity. !Much skill and intelligence are requisite
upon the pan of stock breeders in selecting the most
desirable crosses, so as to transmit the best qualities
to the progeny. Each stock breeder has the right to
make this selection for himself. If he is deprived
of the right of making this selection he ought to be

fully compensated for the injury inflicted. The
value of thoroughbred stock consists in the proba-
bility that the qualities .of excellence will be trans-
mitted to the offspring. It is evident that, to a
breeder of fine stock a thoroughbred heifer, with a
calf to a bull of impure blood, would be of less value
than one with calf to a thoroughbred, or not with calf
at all. The difference in value of the heifer for the
purpose of breeding fine stock, before meeting de-
fendant's bull and afterwards constitutes the proper
measure of plaintiff's damages."

I Iiave no doubt the Virginia court would follow
the Iowa ruling in such cases.

MarshalUown, Iowa. Henry Stone.

FEEDING PIGS AT THE VERMONT STATION.

Sour skim milk has proved practically as good as
sweet skim smilk in fattening hogs at the Vermont
Experiment Station. Wlien there has been any dif-
ference at all it has been in favor of the sour milk.
In seven years' experiments the value of skim milk
for hogs has varied from 15 to 35 cents per 100
pounds and averaged 25 cents. In one experiment
pigs on buttermilk gained a little faster and were
somewhat more profitable thau pigs fed skim milk.
The buttermilk in this experiment had a feeding
value of 24 cents per 100 pounds. Whey in one tesfc
had a feeding value of 11 cents per 100 pounds.

The best proportions of skim milk and corn meal
to feed together have been studied in a number of ex-
periments. The use of two ounces of corn meal to
each quart of milk yielded pork at the least cost of
food, but a more rapid gain was made when a greater
proportion of corn meal was fed. In finishing off
hogs more rapid and cheaper gains were made when
12 quarts of skim milk were fed iu addition to all
the corn meal the hogs would eat than when but six
quarts were thus fed. The feeding of bulky or water
foods was found to condiice to a larger growth of
stomach and intestines, and hence greater shrinkage
in dressing.

Corn meal in one experiment produced 11 per cent,
better gains than wheat middlings with young grow-
ing pigs and 23 per cent, better than rice meal with
hogs weighing about 140 pounds. The results of
two experiments show more rapid gains on ground
than on whole corn, the difference being about 10 per
cent. The extra cost of hauling and grinding the
grain it is thought would probably counterbalance
this gain. Wetting corn meal resulted in more profi-
table gains than feeding it dry. The fertilizing value
of the food fed in the various experiments has aver-

1903.]

THE SOUTHEEN PLANTEK.

641

aged 56 per cent, of its market value. In nearly all
the experiments profitable gains ceased to be made
after the pigs had attained a weight of 180 pounds.
— C. B. Smith, District of Columbia, in Breeder's
Gazette.

CATTLE FEEDING EXPERIMENTS AT TENNES-
SEE EXPERIMENT STATION.

At the present time a large per cent, of the cattle
gro\TO in the Middle South are sold in the autumn as
long yearlings, because of the general belief that they
cannot be profitably winter fed, and it was for the
purpose of determining whether these cattle can be
stall fed or whether they should be maintained as
stockers through the winter to be finished on grass,
or whether it would be more advisable for the farmer
to sell them in the fall that the investigations, results
of which are recorded below, were undertaken. The
results presented only cover one year's work, and the
following resume is published because it contains in-
formation which should be very useful to the farmers
generally, as it warrants the conclusion that silage is
a very valuable rotighness if judiciously fed to beef
cattle. It is proposed to repeat these experiments
during the winters of 100.3-'4-'5, .so that the average
of three years' trials may be had, and then it would
seem that final conclusions might be drawn from the
work. During the past winter 32 head of cattle were
divided into eight groups of four each and fed 150
days. Sixteen of these cattle received a moderate
grain ration and were fed silage as a roughness, the
object to finish them as nearly as possible for the
spring market. The other sixteen ^^-ere fed a limited
grain ration along with different forms of rottghness.
the idea being to run them through the winter as
cheaply as possible and finish them on grass the fol-
lowing spring and summer. Group 11, receiving
silage, cotton seed meal and corn and cob meal, made
an average gain of 2.40 pounds per day, or 1,442
pounds for the period. Grottp 12, receiving silage
and cotton seed meal, gained 2.15 pounds per day,
or 1,287 pounds for the period. Group 13, receiving
silage, cotton seed meal, com and cob meal and clover
hay, gained 2.18 pounds per day, or 1, 305 pounds
for the period. Group 14, receiving silage, cotton
seed meal and clover hay, gained 2.10 potinds per day,
or 1,313 pounds for the whole period. The cotton
seed meal and corn and cob meal were fed in the early
part of the period in the ratio of 2 to 1, the propor-
tions being reversed toward the close of the experi-
ment. An average of about 10 pounds of meal were
consumed at one time by group 12, the average rang-
ing close to 10 pounds, though these animals were fed

at one time as much as 12 pounds per head per day.
This is a little more than they could consume to the
best advantage and it would have probably been bet-
ter if not more than 10 pounds had been used at any
time. These animals were in good condition, and,
as the reader will observe, made an excellent gain
throughout the period, which is the best answer to
those who doubt the feeding value of cotton seed meal
or who say it cannot be fed. The trouble is not so
much with the cotton seed meal as with the method
of feeding the same. — A. M. Soule, Tennessee Ex-
periment Station.

CORN ENSILAGE FOR STEERS.

During the past winter ("October 10, 1902, to June
8, 1903.) the Kansas Experiment Station fed a lot
of ten steers on corn ensilage, chopped alfalfa hay,
and a grain mixture of equal parts ground corn and
Kafir corn in comparison with another lot of twenty
steers of the same average weight and quality fed.
exactly the same feed except ensilage. The results
are sho-\\Ti bv the following figures :

15

Total gain
of lot,
pounds.

Grain con-
sumed per
100 lbs. gain
pounds.

Roughness consumed
per lOo pounds gain.

Lot.

Ensilage, Chopped AI-
pounds. falfa, pounds.

With Ensilage. . .
Without Ensilage

10
20

4468 715
8359 733

471

327
453

From the above figures it will be seen that for
every 100 pounds of gain the 471 pounds of ensilage
saved 18 pounds of grain and 156 pounds of alfalfa.
At the market prices of these feeds (54 cents per
cwt. for grain and 27+ cents per cwt. for alfalfa), the
471 pounds of ensilage made a saving of 52.62 cents.

The steers were shipped to Kansas City and sold
at the stock yards June 23d, at the following prices:

Lot with Ensilage $4.95 per cwt.

Lot without Ensilage 4.70 per cAvt.

Here is a gain of 25 cents per cwt. in the selling
price in favor of the ensilage steers. Adding this to
the 52.62 cents already saved it makes the 471 potmds
of ensilage worth 77.62 cents, or at the rate of $3.29
per ton.

Making the above comparison on the basis of rough-
ness alone, the 471 pounds of ensilage plus the 329
pounds of alfalfa in the ensilage lot is equivalent to
the 485 pounds of alfalfa in the lot without ensilage.
This shows that the 471 pounds of ensilage waa
equivalent to 156 pounds of alfalfa. At this rate,
3.02 tons of corn ensilage is equivalent to one ton of
alfalfa hay.

^Vhen sold the ensilage lot were pronounced excel-
lent cattle and fat enough for the ordinary trade.

D'. H.'Otis.

Manhattan, Kan.

642

THE SOUTHERN PLANTER.

[October

The Poultry Yard.

BUILDING A HEN HOUSE.

A subscriber asks \is to give him advice as to build-
ing a hen house. It is rather a difficult matter to do
this without knowing something of what is intended
to be done— that is to say, whether it is simply de-
sired to keep a few fowls for supplying the family
needs, to keep a large number of fowls for supplying
eggs for sale, or to run a regular poultry farm sup-
plying eggs and chickens for market. Each different
branch of work requires a special outfit to meet its
special needs. We will, however, assume that what
is needed is a house in which to keep a limited num-
ber of hens under ordinary farm conditions, permit-
ting them to make their run over the farm, and thus
not necessitating the provision of scratching sheds or
enclosed runs. In providing such a house as we as-
sume to be asked for, the first consideration should be
the location. This should be, if possible, in a situ-
ation sheltered from the north, northeast and north-
west winds, and on dry gTouud. The next point is
the size required. To arrive at this allow a space of
] 0 square feet of floor for each fowl to be kept. Then
let the height be 6 feet at the lowest part of the roof,
rising sufficiently to give good fall to the rain, so as
to have quickly a dry roof. The house may, if It
complies with these req^iirements as to air space, be
either square or longer than wide. We prefer to
have it longer than wide, and to let this long side face
to the South. This gives space for more more Avind-
o^^■s and thus enables the hoiise to be kept warmer in
winter with the aid of the sun and cooler in summer
by substituting wire screens for the windows at that
time. Let the sills be laid on brick or concrete foun-
dations a foot or 18 inches in the ground, and rising
to a foot above it, so as to keep oiit rats and other
vermin. Weather board the outside and line inside
first with building paper on the studding, and then
with plain boards. Let the door be at one end of flu-
house neai'er to the side, rather' than in the middle.
Tu the south side place at least one, or better, two win-
dow's. Let these be fixed so that they can be opened.
The roof may be either hipped or fall all one way, as
suits the convenience of the builder or the materials
to be \ised, and may be covered with either shingles
or other roofing material. If shingled, the rafters
should be first lined with building paper. Let the
floor be the natural clay beaten down solid, and then
well covered with loose fine dust. The roost poles
should run lengthwise of the building at the back
and have beneath them a sloping board to carry the
droppings down to a trough, from which they can be

raked out with a hoe. The nest boxes should be
placed in the front of the building under the window
or windows, and be covered with a sloping board, say
a foot above them. Let both nest boxes and roosts
be so fixed as to be easily removed for cleaning. Have
the house well limewashed before the hens are put
in. Have one or two holes cut in the front of the
building near the ground so .that the hens can have
access whilst i;he door of the house can be kept locked.

PICKING A GOOD LAYER.

An old country poultryman makes the following
suggestions as a help in selecting good layers :

There are certain individiial characteristics, one of
which is the shape of the bird. If a straight line be
drawn from the back of the head to the toes, the hen
which is likely to be a good layer will usually have
the hinder half of her body largest, whilst a hen which
may be suspected of being a poor layer will show
more in the front ; the reason being that a poor layer
makes a better table bird, and has a larger, longer
breast, whilst a good layer makes a poor table bird,
and has a comparatively small breast, whilst the egg
organs are more fully developed. Birds which are
good layers are usually very active. They always
look healthy, and in most cases their combs are
usually fully developed, particularly if they belong
to the long-combed varieties, which are reputed to be
the best layers. A hen with a lomg comb may
usually be regarded as a good layer, and if she is not
there must be some special reason for the contrary.

PLUCKING CHICKENS.

In getting chickens ready for market, nearly every
one has exiierienced a difficiilty in securing a uniform
appearance of skin and a uniformly clean plucking.
In many instances the trouble is due to the manner of
scalding. Over-scalding invariably causes the yellow
bloom of the skin to rub oft'. For best results the
water for scalding should be just at the boiling point,
but not actually boiling.

To scald the birds, immerse them in the water
three or four times, and immediately after scalding
remove the feathers, being careful not to break the
skin. Poultry so treated should then be dipped in
hot water for two or three seconds, and then placed in
cold -water for about twenty minutes. When the
birds are to be packed in ice it is best to lower the
temperature of their bodies by immersing in water
of gradually lowering temperature down to freezing,
when they will be ready to pack.

1903.]

THE SOUTHERN PLANTER.

643

The Horse.

NOTES.

World's records, both among harness horses and
runners, have fallen with amazing rapidity this sea-
son, and the doings of the present mouth may furnish
further sensations still. Dan Patch, the brown pac-
ing stallion, 6, by Joe Patchen, 2 :01;^, dam Zelica,
by Wilkesberry, lowered the record for lateral gaited
performers at Brighton Beach, jST. Y., on August 19th
to 1 :59, thereby displacing Star Pointer, 1 :59^, who
was the first harness horse to reach the two minute
mark. This performance was greeted with wide sat-
isfaction, but when Lou Dillon, the chestnut mare, 6,
by Sidney Dillon, dam Lou Milton, by Milton Me-
dium, displaced Creseus, "i :02J, with her mile in two
minutes, flat at Peadville, ]\Iass., on August 24:th.
Enthusiasm knew no bounds. But even now another
champion is in sight in Major Delmar, the bay geld-
ing, 6, by Delmar, dam Authoress, by Autograpli,
who trotted to a record of 2 :00t|- at Syracuse, N. Y.,
on the 9th of September, and with favorable condi-
tions is likely to beat two minutes before the season
closes. Not only has Lou Dillon reached the two
minute mark, but hooked to high wheel sulky at
Cleveland, Ohio, on September 12th, she displaced
the 2:08=} of Maud S., made eighteen years ago, by
, trotting a mile in 2 :05.

(Since our correspondent handed in the above,
Prince Alert, the pacing hero of a hundred races and
the champion of a score of half mile tracks, went
against the world's pacing record of 1 :59, held by
Dan Patch, and beat it most decisively by clipping
off two seconds, making the mile in 1 :5T flat at the
Empire City track in New York city. — Ed.)

Prospects were never brighter for the third annual
exhibition of the Richmond Horse Show Association,
the datesof which are October 13th-17th, when Rich-
» mond will be the Mecca at which many thousands
from various sections will gather. There will be
five exhibitions at night, and a matinee on Saturday
afternoon. Over $8,000 will be distributed in prizes,
and many of the most noted show horses in the coun-
try will gather on the tan bark and be paraded before
packed houses. Both president J. T. Anderson and
Secretary W. 0. Warthen have exerted themselves to
the utmost to make the aft'air a success, and all signs
seem to point to a show of the most brilliant descrip-
tion. The Marine Band of Washington, with fifty
performers, will furnish music, and this will be an
attraction of prime importance.

North Carolina's circuit of fairs and race meetings
begins this month, and will furnish sport and ple;is-
ure galore for many thousand throughout the "Old

North State." The circuit begins on the 6th instant
and lasts throughout the entire month. Dates have
been assigned six places, and at each of them with
favorable weather conditions prevailing a record
breaking attendance may be confidently expected.
The same dates were assigned Winston and Burling-
ton, but these towns are so situated geographically
that the conflict is likely to make no serious differ-
ence, while the same applies to Charlotte and Fayette-
ville. The oldest, best known and most important
point in this circuit is, of course, Raleigh, where for
generations past the fairs and race meetings of the
North C'arolina State Agriciiltural Society have been
held, but the events fixed for other places along the
line have assumed more or less importance, and each
place has of itself a large following. The dates fol-
low: Winston, October 6th, 7th, 8th and 9th; Bur-
lington, October 6th, 7th, 8th and 9th; Greensboro,
October i;3th, 14th, 15th and 16th; Raleigh, October
20th, 21st, 22d, and 23d; Charlotte, October 27th,
28th, 29th and 30th ; FayeteviUe, October 27th, 28th,
29th and 30th.

^ ^ jt

The brown pacing mare, Skyland Girl, who was
campaigned with success on Maryland, Virginia and
North Carolina tracks for several seasons prior to the
present one by George P. Dyer, who then trained at
Winston and Greensboro, N. C, but later shifted
operations to Roanoke and Lynchburg, Va., is in
good form again this year, and made a new record
of 2:15:|: in a winning race of four heats at Goshen,
N. Y., last month. Skyland Girl was bred by the
estate of the late W. H, Wilson, Cynthiaua, Ky., but
was foaled the property of the wealthy tobacconist,
R. J. Reynolds, of Winston, N. C. She Avas sired
by Simmons, a great son of George Wilkes, dam the
once famous trotting mare, Mamie Woods, 2 :20, by
Woods' Hambletonian. Mamie Woods was pur-
chased in Xentucky by Mr. Reynolds while carrying
Skyland Girl in utero and after the latter was drop-
ped the roan mare was bred to Baronet, 2 :ll:f, and
other sires of more or less note.
Jt s jA

The bay mare Lady Olga, 5, 15 :1, by Fesler, own-
ed by Secretai-y L. S. Ricketts, of the Orange Horse
Show Association, Orange, Va., was a frequent win-
ner both at the Orange and Charlottesville Horse
Shows. She was shown in the ladies' park saddle,
the park saddle, and combined saddle and harness
horse classes, and captured several blue ribbons.

One of the best bred and young stallions owned in
North Carolina is the bay colt Agiiel, three years old,
in the stud of Ben. W. Southerland, of Mt. Olive.

644

THE SOUTHERJT PLANTER.

[October

This colt was bred by L. E. Tarlton, of Lexington,
K_v., and sired by Guardsman, dam the great brood
mare Zeta, dam of Miss l^Aike, 2 :13, etc., by Red
Wilkes. Agnel is of fine size and promises to make
not only a trotter, but a show horse as well. Mr.
Sontherland will have his speed developed and later
retire him to the stnd, where he should prove a suc-
cess and accomplish much toward improving the
stock in the section to which he has been taken.

The well known Virginian, General William T.
Townes, whose headquarters are with the .Vmerican
Tobacco Company, New York city, but who spends
most of his leisure time at his stud farm, near Char-
lottesville, Va., has recently purchased the Bradford
place, near Cul])eper, Va., where he intends keeping
his thoroughbred horses. For years past General
Townes has been quietly collecting a band of brood
mares, and now owns some of the choicest specimens
in the State, which, during several seasons past, have
been bred to sires of note in Kentucky and Virginia.
A recent addition to the General's stud is the chestnut
mare Amulet, purchased from Harry C. Beattie, of
Richmond, Va. Amulet was sired by King Bolt,
dam Ecliptic, by imp. Eclipse, and she out of the
famous Nina, by Boston.

Captain R. F. Landon, who has a fine farm near
Cobb's Creek, iVfathews eoimty, Va., is the largest
breeder of trotters and pacers in his section. He
owns a select band of brood mares, and for a couple of
seasons past has bred to the good sire Letcher, 2 :18f ,
by Director, 2 .•17-|, the famous son of Dictator. Some
of the choicesi youngsters on the Landon farm are by
Letcher. Among the well bred matrons in this stud
is a mare by Pretender. Her first, second and third
dams are producers, and right back of them comes
the noted Waterwitch, dam of five in the list, by
Pilot, Jr.

The Virginia bred trotter. Gold Bur, 2:13:^, by
Bursar, 2 -.111, dam Bertie, dam of Lamp Girl, 2 :09,
by Signet, is highly thought of by his owner, W. H.
Essery, of New York city, for whom he has shown a
trial in 2 :10\ this season. Mr. Essery expects to
campaign this handsome chestnut gelding in 1904,
and looks for him to trot to a record of 2 :10 or better.

Harry C. Beattie, vice-president of the Richmond
Horse Show Associatiem, M. F. H. of the Deep Run
Hunt Club, and equally well known as owner, breeder
and hiir=<> show cxliil)itor, has quite a stable of hunt-
ers, junijiers and high-stepping harness horses at
Blooniingdale Farm. One of the best known mem-
beis of the Bloomingdale stable is the chestnut geld-
ing Buck, by Rover, the son of Abd El Kader. Tn
the most select company this horse has been a winner

at Boston, New York, Philadelphia, Atlantic City,
Richmond and other big shows. In the class for
ladies' hunters at Richmond in 1901 this unsexed
son of Ro^'er captured the blue ribbon with Mrs.
.'Vllen Potts up and did some sensational work. Other
members of this string that promise to develop into
performers of real class are Blizzard, chestnut geld-
ing, -t, by Blitzen, the "Iron Horse," a couple of un-
named geldings, both heavy weights, one being a
chestnut, fi, by Abd El Kader, Jr., and the other a
bay, 6, by Heimdal, dam by John Happy, and a
toppy looking bay mare, 4, by Blitzen. The thor-
oughbred division includes North Anna, chestnut
mare, 5, by Blitzen, dam Gloriana, by Bend Or, her
full sister, an unnamed chestnut filly, 4, a chestnut
colt, 2, by Blitzen, dam Amulet, by dam Bolt, and the
bay colt. 2, full brother to North Anna.

A Virginia bred horse deserving of more than pass-
ing mention as a sire of hunters and jumpers is the
chestnut stallion Abd El Kader, Jr., who was for-
merly Icnown aTid raced uuder the name of Aeronaut,
and sired by Abd El Kader, the thoroughbred son of
imp. Australian. His dam was Nina, by Senator,
second dam by Richmond, third dam by Bethune,
thus making him probably three-quarters thorough-
bred at least. Abd El Kader, Jr., was bred by Geo.
Turner, of King William county, Va., and foaled
1882, hence the chestnut stallion has reached the
sere and yellow, but is remarkably well preserved
and yet vigorous. At four years old he passed to
James R. Branch and Branch Cunningham, both of
this city, and later to Fred. W. Scott, now of the
banking house of Scott and Stringfellow. From Mr.
Scott the son of Abd El Kader went to Edmund
Ruffin, whose stud in Hanover county he ruled as
premier for years. Since then the horse has been
owned by N. J. Cnill, of this city, from whom he
passed to Thomas Winston, of Louisa coiinty, and
from him to his present o^vners, J. B. McComb and
Brother, of the Glen Cove Farm, Somerset, Va. Tn
his prime Abd El Kader, Jr., was a horse of remark-
able beauty and finish, while he could take up weight
and run fast both on the flat and across country. In
the stud his work has been of a most satisfactory
nature, Ijecause he has sired some of the best hunters
and jumpers ever sent out from Virginia, and as he
is still vigorous and likely to be for years yet, I look
for others of this sort to spring from his loins. Meet-
ing with James B. McComb, one of his owners, at
Charlottesville, he informed me that Abd El Kader
carried him through a stiff hunt in January last, and
that the old stallion finished strong, certainly a re-
markable exhibition of stamina and coiirage in a
horse of his age, but the .Vbd El Kaders are a long
lived tribe, and this scion of the family ably sup-
ports its claims to longevity. Broad Rock.

1903.]

THE SOUTHERN PLANTER.

645

Miscellaneous.

SELECTING SEED.

Editor Southern Planter:

The old maxim, "As the seed, so will the harvest
be," is perhaps nowhere so clearly demonstrated as
in farm crops. As a rnle, farmers pay entirely too
little attention to this, one of the most important steps
in farm prodiiction.

Not one of lis would think of breeding onr animals
without some particular object in view, and to obtain
■ this object we would select with care, for breeding
purposes, the animals which would likely reproduce
the type we desired. We would consider the size,
shape, symmetry of build, rate of growth, capacity
for producing beef, milk or pork, as the case might
be, and any other features we may wish to see repro-
duced. Then after breeding we would expect the
ofl'spring to represent that which we beheld in our
mind's eye.

Now, what is true in raising animals, is also true
in raising the ordinary farm crops. By carefully se-
lecting the seed, keeping always in mind the type of
plant and kernel which will give a large yield, we
may greatly improve the quality and quantity of our
crops. This fact is forcibly illustrated in the pro-
duction of sugar from beets. The Germans have, by
seed selection, increased the average yield of siigar
from five per cent, to an average of eighteen per
cent. .\t Kleinwanzleben, the great sugar beet seed
plantation of Germany, the selection of beets for the
production of seed receives the minutest attention.
This selection begins in the field. The tops must
conform to a certain type of development, then the
beets themselves pass under the eye of an inspector,
and those not perfect in size and shape are discarded.
Those which come up to the standard in this selec-
tion are then taken to the laboratory and a' core is
withdrawn from each beet and analyzed. Again the
ones which do not contain a certain per cent, of sugar
are thrown out. Thus the seed are produced from
absolutely perfect beets, and, consequently, the in-
crease in yield of sugar is more than three times.

Any farmer in the State may, at almost no expense
and very little inconvenience, bring his cereal crops
to a high state of perfection.

Well selected seed from a crop on the farm will
have the advantage of similar environment year after
year. The soil, climate and treatment will be about
the same, and then the farmer has the opportunity to
adapt the type and quality to his special needs and

uses, besides the educational value of watching his
crops and the pleasure of seeing the improvement
from one year to the next cannot be estimated. Then
every farmer will be his own seed grower, making a
specialty of the strains best adapted to his own pur-
poses.

In order to do this successfully, one must have in
his mind a standard type of high quality, and plant
no seed which does not come up to this standard.

Let us take, for example, corn, a very easy crop to
improve both in yield and quality. The selection of
seed should begin in the iield. Here the general
grovrth of stalk can be taken into consideration,
height, size, amount of fodder, position of ear on
stalk, or better, if there are two ears, and maturity.
In other words, the plant must conform to your
standard type of gro^vth. After husking, the ears
are subjected to a critical examination. First select
a perfect car as a type for comparison. This applies
to the size, shape and color of ear and kernel; the
arrangement, number and space between the rows;
the indentation of the kernel ; the filling out at butt
and the tip ; color and size of cob.

The cylindrical form of ear is preferable to the
tapering, since the tapering, if it have much taper,
results from the dropping of a row or more of ker-
nels, and means, of course, a smaller proportion of
corn to cob. The closer we keep to the cylindrical
ear the greater the amount of corn the ear will carry.

The shape of kernel has much to do with tbe
amount of grain a given size cob will carry. The
jireferable shape is the long or medium wedge. The
circumference of the ear being two or three times the
circumference of the cob, it is obvious that the wedge
shaped kernel is the only kernel that will shell the
maximum amount of corn.

Number of roAvs on the ear and the furrows be-
tween the rows should be taken into consideration in
the selection of seed. A perfect ear of corn has not
only a goodly number of rows made up of wedge
shaped kernels of good length, but these rows, crowd-
ing the shank at the butt, should run parallel with
the cob well to the tip, covering entirely the point of
the cob. Ears containing short or imperfect rows,
or which do not conform to the standard type, should
be discarded.

By this steady method of improvement Illinois
farmers have increased the average yield per acre of
corn during the ten years between 1890 and 1900,
22.8 per cent, over the average yield between 1880

646

THE SOUTHERN PLANTER.

[October

and 1890. In Indiana the increase in yield during
the last decade over the preceding one was 12.8 per
cent, per acre.

\Vhy cannot Virginia farmers do as well, even bet-
tor ? Here corn has been given as an illustration, but
the other crops g^o^\^l on the farm can be improved
just as well as corn. The time has come when labor
and other conditions are such that it will pay us to
attend to these important features of production.

Meade Ferguson.

Experiment Station, Blaclcsburg, Ya.

BULLETINS FROM THE VIRGINIA EXPERIMENT

STATION.
Editor Southern Planter:

I have long believed that some of the bulletins is-
sued by tliis Experiment Station might have been
very much better, and consequently of more decided
benefit to the Virginia farmer. Of course, the same
might be said of bulletins from some other stations.
While it is no desirable thing to be considered a
critic, still a few friendly comments and suggestions
on these bulletins in a State agricultural journal may
not be out of place. After being in charge of some
experiments at an experiment station for ten years,
and writing eleven bulletins, I am familiar with
many of the trials and difficulties with which an ex-
perimenter has often to contend. T am firmly con-
vinced that one of the greatest difficulties the average
Station officer has to encounter in the United States
is that of trying to fill two offices and carry on ex-
periments at the same time. Each line of work is
widely different from the other, and it is almost im-
possible for one man to be a good college man and a
good station man at the same time. I long to see
the day when station work will be separated from
colleffe work, as far as possible, to be consistent with
the organic law. When a college professor is crowd-
ed with teaching he sometimes feels forced to write
an essay on some farm topic, publish it in pamphlet-
form, and cnll it bulletin No. 100. Almost any in
telligent farmer could buy a book for $1.00 and write
fifty such so-called bulletins. Such bulletins injure
experiment station influence. A few bulletins i=;-
sued by the Virginia Experiment Station are whollv
exempt from such criticism, and T am glad to note
have given entire satisfaction.

T would like to see each bulletin issued be made
as nearly complete on each subject as possible. The
farmers will think more of them and take better care
of them. Numbers count for nothing. Four good

bulletins a year are all a station should be expected
to publish.

I notice Bulletin No. 132, dated January, 1902,
which was wTitten April 28, 1903. In other words,
the idea might be conveyed to the farmer that the
station was publishing bulletins more than a year
before they were written. The value of that bulle-
tin to the public is injured by dating it back in order
to keep up with "monthly bulletins." I would like
to see tlie excellent series of bulletins on "Orchard
Studies" now being published in small pamphlet
form, be put in one volume, and with a good paper
binding. The farmer could easily file them away ^
in his library then for "ready reference."

Bulletin No. 131 is a valuable number on "Reme-
dial Measures Against San Jose Scale." All or-
chardists and nurserymen who desire information on
this subject should send for this bulletin, and be pre-
pared to fight this insect during the coming winter.

Bulletin No. 145 gives some results of experiments
with forage plants. Among the niunber are tests of
a few cow peas in reference to their yield. I would
like to see the Agricultural Department broaden its
work with leguminous plants, especially with refer-
ence to their value as improvers of much of the worn-
out soil of the State. Include the various clovers,
peas and beans. Make various tests with soil in-
oculation with the bateria peculiar to each legume.
Studv the plants in reference to their habits, soils,
yield, seedage, etc.

Bulletin No. 144 deals with stock and poultry
powders, or condimental foods. This is a most
timely subject for the Agricultural Department to
take up, and the bulletin is interesting as far as it
goes. T would like to see the station make some
actual tests with these different foods to bring out
their value or lack of value more forcibly before the
public. The sale of these foods is increasing in the
State. .

Bulletin No. 121 is on steer feeding. Results of
tests with hay, corn, corn meal, silage, cotton seed
meal and bran are given ; lx)th singly and in combina-
tion. Two steers in each lot were fed. T would like
also to see this work broadened. Would like to see
at least four steers in each lot, and after the feeding
tests have the animals slaughtered and the beef passed
on by an expert. Some good illustrations would help
the bulletin immensely.

The conclusions of this bulletin are interesting,
and are here given :

1. A combination of foods, both grain and rough-
age, is best from every standpoint.

1903.]

THE SOIITHEEN PLANTER.

647

2. Ground corn better than whole com after it has
become hard.

3. A mixture of corn meal and bran gave greatest
gain, and with least expense per pound.

4. Cotton seed meal was not, in these experiments,
used with success, due, at least in part, to the fact
that in former years the steers had not become accus-
tomed to it.

5. Silage was a very economical addition to the
roughage.

6. Stover gave bad showing when used without
other roughage.

I may add that in this county steers are often win-
tered (frequently not economically) by feeding
either hay or dry corn fodder, and letting the cattle
,have access to a blue grass sod. Sometimes whole
corn and fodder are fed, and hogs gather up what i
left by the cattle.

During last winter I fed ten steers on dry corn
fodder for two months, and then fed good timothy
hay for two months. The steers had access to a bliu
grass sod. T was surprised to note that they dirl
better while eating the fodder. K. H. Prtci:.

Montgomery Co., Ya.

MOTORS AND METHODS OF MOVING FARM PRO-
DUCTS.

Editor Southern Planter:

The farmers of the United States, in diiferent por-
tions thereof, make use of five separate and distinct
motors in transporting the products of the farm to
market. Here they are — viz:
Air,
Tide,
Horse,
Steam,
Electricity.
If there are other methods than the above, I shall
be glad to hear of the same, and revise the list ac-
cordingly.

The nir is used when produce is sent from farm to
market in little sailing vessels. The tide, where the
tidal current is used to float the farm produce down
to a central point or market in boats built for that
purpose. The tide, in this case, being the only motor
used.

The wind and the tide are the cheapest motors in
existence. The farmers of Eastern Virginia use
both these motors extensively. They are the oldest
motors in existence, because long before man was, the
air and tide were both in existence.

sea" — salt water filled with fish and oysters, and on
these "arms" — aggregregating in length thousands
of miles of water transportation, the little sailing
vessels are used for fish, oysters, clams and crabs in
their season, and for farm products the rest of the
year.

The third motor in the list — the horse — is in gen-
eral use throTighout the United States. More than
ninety-five per cent, of the farmers of the United
States depend upon the horse to get their farm pro-
diicts to local markets.

At the locnl market, steam, the fourth power on
the list, takes up the work, and the "long haul" to
market is by steam railway. In other words, ninety-
five per cent, of the farmers of the United States de-
pend upon horse power and steam power to get their
produce from producer to consumer.

Eastern Virginia farmers, while using the wind
and tide as "motors," also use the horse; hauling mil-
lions of dollars' worth of soil products by horse
power to market over at least ele^'en of the finest
turnpikes (shell roads) in the world ; said turn])ikes
centering in this harbor and penetrating all portions
of the trucking belt of Eastern Virginia.

We may therefore say that nearly all the farmers
use the horse and also steam power in moving their
farm products to market; they use one or the other
or both.

Then comes electricity, the fifth and crowning "mo-
tor" of the age. Only a few sections as yet are so
favorably located as to be able to use the electric
"motor" in sending their farm products to market.

Eastern Virginia is one section thus favored, and
no less than nine electric lines of railway are push-
ing out into the "trucking belt." around this city in
all directions.

So the Norfolk section is using all these motors —
air, tide, horse, steam and electricity. Then, too,
the ISTorfolk section has still another point in its
favor. Steam is used in two ways to transport the
soil products of Eastern Virginia to nearly ten mil-
lion consumers — the steamboat and the steam railway.
The boats and railways are in healthy competi-
tion, which keeps freight rates down to a very reason-
able and favorable point, favorable to the producer.

The freight rate here is lower than is enjoyed by
the farmers of any other portion of the United States.
In the struggle for existence eventually to come,
caused by over-production or under-consumption
(either or both) the "fittest will survive." The sec-
tions best fitted by nature, having the b«st soil and
climate, the cheapest access to the best and largest
markets, will stand the strain and "continue to do

Eastern Virginia is a network of "arms of the business at the old stand."

648

THE SOUTHERN PLAXTER

[October

"Motors" are important, especially important mat-
ters for the farmer. Roads and motors are ira
portant factors in the farming world. The "motors'
are all right, but the roads of most sections can be
greatly improved. A. Jeffebs.

Norfollc, Va., August 17, 1903.

SEED WHEAT.

Editor Southern Planter:

Ever}- provident farmer has provided for clean
wheat of the kind best adapted to his land. But as
usual, careless farmers have not. The condition of
their grain is not tit for seed, and barely will pass for
"merchantable" on the market. Complaint is made
by that class of the price of wheat. They fail to ob-
serve that their "filthy wheat" has in its measure
about one-fifth per cent, of "vile stuff" unfit for
bread, and hence are offered 20 per cent, less than the
price of pure wheat. Now is the time to prevent a
recurrence of that heavy loss on the crop of next har-
vest. Why continiie this miserable folly, not to say
insanity ? While the business farmer is, with a
pleasant face, receiving $1 for his pure seed wheat;
the drowsy fellow stands picking his finger nails de-
murely considering his "hard lot." He has neg-
lected the truth : "Whatsoever a man soweth that shall
he reap."

All the social combines will not help the sloven
farmer. Associations have been formed to advan-
tage, but they require everything to be of good qual-
ity and order, which is to be sold under their super-
vision. The cai-eless or dishonest packer cannot en-
ter the associations. Gentlemen, let tis turn over a
new leaf. Be good farmers or not at all. Do not
disgrace the occupation. Elevate the standard.

Augusta Co., Va. Old Man.

COW PEAS IN TIDEWATER, VA.

Edilur Southern Planter:

Recently a friend sent to our ottice two cow pea
pods, one of which was thirty-three in<:hes long, and
contained twenty ])eas. He reported that he had had
pods Ihiriy-six inches long, just a yard long, or thi'ee
feet in length.

Surely Virginia is great on the "legiimes," or we
may say "lonq" on pea pods. But what does nature
mean anyhow in forming and developing a great long
fine looking pod three feet or so in length, and then
putting only twenty peas in it, when there is room
enough for forty or more '?

What does nature mean in creating a great big six
foot, broad shouldered man, and omitting to fill him
with good thoughts, words and deeds ? Why does

nature allow, encourage or {permit such a great big
sliow, such a big blow and bluff and blarney just to
cover and to hide or to develop a very few mean
"measley" words, ideas, thoughts and deeds ?

Why so much pod, why so few peas? We were
surprised at a pea pod thirty-three inches long, but
we were sadly disappointed at the small number of
peas therein. It is always thus. The man with few
ideas (peas) in his head (pod), but who dresses well,
]uits on style, and has plenty of cheek, is always over-
estimated and apparently very highly appreciated,
but when we come to shuck him we find too much of
empty show, too much empty pod, and too few ideas
(]>eas).

Nature starts out well with some, makes a great
l)ig show, a great big pod, and then fails to properly
fill the pod with peas, the head with ideas.

Who can report a pea pod longer than three feet?
\Vho can show a single pod with more than twenty
peas in it ? Who can tell us how to grow forty peas
in a three foot pod instead of twenty ? Who can
make two blades of grass grow where but one grew
before? A. Jeffees.

Norfollc, Va.

FALL PLANTING OF IRISH POTATOES.

For several years past experiments have been made
in the Eastern and Southern parts of this State and in
the Eastern sections of North and Soiith Carolina in
planting Irish potatoes in late November and in De-
cember, and we have reports from a number of these
which go to show that the crop can be successfully
gi-own in this way if the sets are properly planted.
As it is desirable to lessen the pressure of work in the
spring by any means which can be successfully adopt-
ed, we describe the method followed in planting these
potatoes, and suggest that growers in the sections
named should give the plan a trial. Select a piece of
dry, sandv loam land and lay off the rows three feet
apart after breaking the land deep and working it
fine. Run the plow twice in each row, thus throwing
out the soil to a good depth. Scatter a good potato
fertilizer in the bottom of the furrow and run the cul-
tivator through it to mix it with the soil. Then drop
the sets the usual distance apart and cover lightly
with soil. On the top of the soil put a good covering
of farm yard manure and plow onto this a furrow
from each side, thus making a ridge over the sets.
Early in the spring run a harrow over the rows to
level down the ridges somewhat. If the potatoes
should push through before danger of hard frost is
past, plow a light furrow onto them as soon as they
are seen.

1903.]

THE SOUTHERN PLANTER.

649

THE

Southern Planter

PUBLISHED BY

RICHMOND, VA.

Issued on 1st of each Month.

J. F. JACKSON,
Editor and General Manager.

B. MORGAN SHEPHERD,
Business Manager.

TERMS FOR ADVERTISING.
Rate card furnished on application.

TERMS FOR SUBSCRIPTION.

THE SOUTHERN PLANTER is mailed to
BUbscrlbers in the United States and Canada
at 50c. per annum; all foreign countries and
the city of Richmond, 75c.

REMITTANCES should be made direct to
this oiTiee, either by Registered Letter or
Money Order, which will be at our risk. When
made otherwise we cannot be responsible.

ALWAYS GIVE THE NAME of the Post-
Office to which your paper is sent. Your
name cannot be found on our books unless
this Is done.

WE INVITE FARMERS to write us on any
agricultural topic. We are always pleased to
receive practical articles. Criticism of Arti-
cles, Suggestions How to Improve THE
PLANTER, Descriptions of New Grains,
Roots, or Vegetables not generally known.
Particulars of Experiments tried, or Improved
Methods of Cultivation are each and all wel-
come. Contributions sent us must not be
furnished other papers until after they have
appeared in our columns. Rejected matter
will be returned on receipt of postage.

SUBSCRIBERS failing to receive their paper
promptly and regularly, will confer a favor
by reporting the fact at once.

THE DATE ON YOUR LABEL shows to
what time your subscription is paid.

NO ANONYMOUS communications or en-
quiries will receive attention.

Address— THE SOUTHERN PLANTER

RICHMOND, VA.

DETAIL INDEX TO ENQUIRER'
COLUMN.

Japan Clover

Hairy Vetcli, Winter Vetch

Lame Horse

Texas Fever Ticlvs

Inoculatin.s: Cattle for Texas Fever.

Grafting

Tall Meadow Oat Grass

Fall and Winter Plowing

Smut on Corn — Grass for Name..

Peed for Youn.? Pigs

Protecting Peas and Beans from
Weevil

Cheese-Making — Sick Hog

Plowing Down Peas

Calves Dying

Fertilizers for Tobacco. Tomatoes
and Wheat

Canada Peas — Crops for Bog Pas-
tures— Rape

Hair on Horse's Tails

Fertilizer Requirements of Crops.

Transplating Trees

Hog Husbandry in the South

PUBLISHER'S NOTES.

TO ADVERTISERS.

All advertisements and matter
pertaining to advertising must
reach iis by the 25th of each
month. Please bear this in mind.

Advertisers' Experience.

A coui:)le of onr advertisers met
in our office the other day and
swelled our heads enormously
about the great results they get
from their advertising with ns.
]\Ir. W. G. Owens, a C'uroe-Jersey
and Poland China man, and Mr.
J. T. Oliver, a Berkshire breeder,
were the parties. The way Mr.
Owens talked about jnst refusing
$4.5 for a Duroc sow, and the ease
and rapidity with which Mr.
Oliver disposes of his 3 and 4
weeks' old pigs for $5, made us
want to get back in the business in
a hui-ry. Both of these gentlemen
liave fine stock, all pure bred, and
we do not blame our readers for
keeping them sold down so closel.y.

Along in the mails the same day
came letters from Judge Matthews,
of Big Stone Gap ; Dr. French, of
Washington, and E. M. Gillet &
Son, of Glencoe, Md., all praising
the Southern Planter as an ad-
vertising medium in the highest
terms. The first says : "I received
very good retTirns from my adver-
tisement" ; the second writes :
"Your journal still leads all others
I am using in jDroducing results,
and I can honestly recommend it
as a tip-top advertising medium."
Friend Gillet gives a list of recent
sales and adds: ''The Southern
Planter has the credit of the
Hereford sales."

Five such rattling good testi-
monials in one day is a record of
which Ave are very proud. We
take great pleasure in asking the
attention of some "doubtful adver-
tisins: Thomases" to this brief note.

Wood's Seeds

FOR FALL SOWING.

Farmers and Gardeners who de-
sire the latest and fullest informa-
tion about

Vegetable and Farm Seeds

should write for Wood's New
Fall Catalogue. It tells all about
the fall planting of Lettuce, Cab-
bage and othfr Vegetable crops

which are proving so profitable to
southern growers. Also about

CrimsoQ Clover, Vetches,

Grasses and Clovers,

Seed Oats, Wheat,

Rye, Barley, etc.

Wood's New Fall Catalogue mailed
free on request. Write for it.

T.W. WOOD & SONS,

Seedsmen, = Richmond, Va.

A neat Binder for your back num-
bers can be had for 25 cents. Address
our Business Office.

"How to Grow Paper-Shell Pecans,'

FREE, Best vaiietie,sin U S. True to
variety. Cinns cut from bearing trees by
member of firm. FuU descriptive Cata-
logue of ALL FKUIT trees, free

B. W. STONE & CO., Thomasville, Ga.

Virginia Polytechnic Institute

STATE AQRICDLTURAL AND MECHANICAL COLUEQE

at Blacksburg. Va.,

A SOUTHERN INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY.

I'"orty-flve Instructors. Thoroughly equip-
ped shops, laboratories and inf'rmary. Farm
o( tour hundred acres. Steam heating and
electric lights in dormitories. Degree course!
in Agriculture, Horticulture, Civil, Mechani-
cal and Electrical Engineering, Applied
Chemistry and General Science. Shorter
courses In Practical Agriculture and Practi-
cal Mechanics. Total cost ot session of nine
mouths, including tuition and other fee«,
board, washing, text-books, medical attend-
ance, etc., about $195. Cost to State student*
about $165. Session began September 21, 1903.
For catalogue and other Information, apply

J. M. McBRYDE, Ph. D., LL. D., President.

Alfalfa Dacteria
Infected Soil

Can be obtained from Ewell Farm Ex
perimental Plot A perfect stand three
years of age, abundantly supplied with
root nodiiles. Price $1.00 per 2 bus.
burlap bag, weight about 150 lbs., f o. b.
Ewell's Station, Tenn.
GEO. CAMPBELL BROWN,

Spring Hill Tenn.

650

THE SOUTHERlSr pla:n'ter

[October

DEAFXESS CANNOT BE CURED
by local applications, as they cannot
reach the diseased portion of the ear.
There is only one way to cure deafness,
and that is by constitutional remedies
Deafness is caused by an inflamed con-
dition of the mucous lininK of the Eus-
tachian Tube. When this tube srets
inflamed you have a rumbling sound or
imperfect hearing, and wheu it is en-
tirely closed deafness is the result.
and "unless the inflammation can lie
taken out and this tube restored to its
normal condition, hearing will be de-
stroyed forever; nine cases out of ten
are caused by catarrh, which is noth-
ing but an inflamed condition of the
mucous surfaces.

We will give one hundred dollars lor
any case of Deafness (caused by ca-
tarrh) that cannot be cured by Hall's
atarrh Cure. Send for circulars, free.
F. J. CHENEY & CO.. Toledo, 0.

Sold bv Druggists. 75c.

Hall's Family Pills are the best.

Liberal Subscription Offer.

To induce non-readers of the
SorTiiERX Planter to become
subscribers, we beg to announce
that all new subscriptions received
between this time and December
Ist will be given the remaining
numbers of this year free. In
other words, 50 cents will pay for
a subscription from now until De-
cember 31, 1904.

Our regular subscribers, upon
whom we hare called so many
times, will confer a favor, which
will be reciprocated at any time,
if they will bring this offer to the
notice of their friends who are not
subscribers to the Southern
Planter.

WITH THE ADVERTISERS.

A. G. W. wants an industrious farm
manager. His farm is in Chesterfield
county.

The Davis E. Fouiz Co.. makers of
Horse and Cattle Powders, starts the
season's advertising with this number.

Some bargains in the standard
breeds of poultry are offered by the
Oakland Poultry Farm.

Red Poll Cattle are offered by Messrs.
Plerson Bros. They have been breed-
ing them for a number of years, and
have good stock.

J. M. Garnett is offering some of his
fine "Garnett Layers." l^ook up his
ad.

Dr. Haas has something interesting
to say to hog raisers in his ad. Look

FLORENCE

FARM WAGON

FULLY GUARANTEED to be the very best, stronff-
st and lightest draft wagon for all farm par-
poses. Neat, handsom*. substantially con-
structed from best grade seasoned timber,
■well ironed, it possesses every quality that
makes it desirable. See the FLORENCE
ur nearest agency. If there is no agency near,
write us direct and we will send you free our illus-
trated Catalogne. our attractive periodical "The
The Westero Fanner's FaTorite. Florence Waggin' Tongue," and make yon an offer

to snpply you with a FLORENCE WAGON on liberal terms and at a low price.
Write today to Dept. C. FLORENCE WAGON WORKS, Florence, Alabama,

llCpO^PREPARED^IIME
I LCCO AGRICULTURAL UlflL

i The Old Reliable for WHEAT,tOATS,

I CLOVER and OTHER GRASSES; has

I stood the test for twenty-five years,

I being composed principally of Hydrate

g of Lime, Sulphate of Lime and Potash.

OUR SPECIALi WHEAT FERTILIZER.

We put this brand on the market only a few years ago. and have had
verv tiattericg results. The hest farmers sav that thev get better
STAND and QROWTH of GRASS and CLOVER from it than from
other fertilizers. This we can confidently recommend for CORN-
LAND or any other land of fair fertiUtv.

FRUIT TREES.

Maj G. A Barksdale of Richmond, Va ,|has used our PREPARED
LIME on his fruit trees, and says it has made wonderful improve-
ment, both in the condition of the trees and quality of the fruit.

PLAIN SHELL LIME

Constantly on hand at lowest prices.

No. 1 WOOD-BURNT LIME

In car lots at lowest market price from kilns.

g° If you wish to IMPROVE vour land, use a ton to four acres for WHEAT

and CLOVER, or if you wish to seed it for other GRASSES where the land
^ is in good condiiion. use the same quanitv and it will give vou a good STAND
g and QROWTH of GRASS. For reclaim'ing POOR land, where there is Utile

gor no VEGETATION, COVER naked places with Utter from the barnyard or
forest, using the game quanity, and sow winter OATS and CLOVER.

5 SEND FOR CIRCULAR AND PRICES.

I A. S. LEE (EL SON,

I 102 S. 13tK Street, -> RicKmond, Virginia.

1903.]

THE SOUTHERN PLANTER.

651

Freeman
Ensilage
Machinery

represents the modern idea. Illustra-
tion shows typical cutter with blower at-
tachment. II sizes, hand cutting to belt
power, with capacity rinsing from 5 to
24 tons per hour. Traveling force feed,
reduces labor of feeding. Each machine
easily and quickly fitted with shredder
attachment.

Also make Wind Mills, Corn Shellers. Wood
Saws, etc Write Tor tree catalngues 110.

S. FREEMAN & SONS MFG. CO., Racine, Wis.

You Try. It.

It costs nothing. Re-
turn at our expense if
this mill fails to grind
shelled com. ear com.
all ^raini

feed stuffs, eas
erand better I
other.

, fa.s

New Holland Mills

are the practical, every day mills for every
day wants. No other good mill at so low a
price. Made Id 3 sizes. Adapted to any kind
of power. Don't fail to get our free catalogue
before buying.

NEW HOLLAND MACHINE CO.j
Box IB3. Now Holland, Pa.

HEEBNER'S FEED CUTTERS

Feed all your fnd^er. By usin? Heel-iner's
shredder attachment the whole of the iiLitritioiis
crushed and shredded, and rendered edible

file "Weber Junior"
Pumper*

)toB

iut UtUs ru.
nine. 1b shipper
rat«(l eorapletel7
r«eted, all connec-
3 made. Easy to ftart, any
can operate it. _
guaranteed. Other
up to 60 H. P. Send for cat-
alog. Weber Gas A GasoUnA
En^ne Co., Bol iM
Kansaa City. Mo

STOP THAT RATTLING, TIGHTEN YOUR
OWN BUGGY TIRES. No heating; does not
mar the paint: any one can operate. Machine
complete with 100 washers sent on receipt of
J2.00. Guaranteed to do the work. Your
money back K not as represented. RAPID
TIRE TIGHTENER CO., Station F., Toledo,
Ohio.

it up and send for his free book. "Hog-
ology."

Kitselman Bros., old advertisers, re-
sume their advertising in this issue.
Lots of our readers already know aDout
their Fence Machine, which is sent out
on trial.

A useful Cream Separator is offered
by The Superior Fence Machine Co.,
Detroit.

Foxhall Farm wants to buy some
Angora Goats. Take notice ye An-
gora men.

The Coiled Spring Fence Co. has a
couple of ads. in this issue, to which
we invite the attention of our readers.

The Folding Sawing Machine Co. of-
fers a very handy and useful device In
the shape of a folding hand saw. Look
up their ad.

Stonehurst Fruit and Stock Farm
has some nice registered Herefords for
sale.

Sprout, Waldron & Co. are advertis-
ing their Feed Mills again this year.
You can have one of these mills on 30
days free trial.

Anybody wanting some nice colts
had better correspond with Mr. I. L.
Amberg, who has an ad. in another
column.

Squab raisers or those contemplat-
ing going into the business had bettPi-
read the ad. of E. C. Johnson.

The Glen Rock Woolen Mills have
a card in another column, which will
surely interest numbers of our readers.
Look It up.

-African Geese can be had of Miss A.
Worthington, Ivy, Va.

Milne Mfg. Co. are advertising their
celebrated Hawkeye Stump Puller
again this season.

"W." wants to buy a lot of young
cattle from the quarantine district.
He prefers Shorthorns or other good
grades.

The New Holland Machine Co. is a
new advertiser in this issue. This
company has a good feed mill in which
it would like to interest our readers.

Wertz Nursery makes its usual fall
offering In this issue. Look up the ad.

H. D. Coleman wants to trade New-
port News property for a farm.

The Continental Plant Co. is adver-
tising strawberry plants and nursery
stock.

Mr. J. F. Durrette doubles his ad in
this issue. Poland-Chinas and Short-
horns are his offering.

Mr. Murray Boocock, owner of the
Castalia Herefords, wants to buy some
registered Hereford heifers. See his
ad.

Sydnor Pump & Well Co. has an at-
tractive ad. in another column. If it's
pumps you want, write this company.

Strawberry plants are offered by Mr.
John Lightfoot.

International Stock Food Co. has a
large ad. on another page. Look it up
and send for their handsome free stock
book.

Wise Man's
Wagon.

the

.vheeli

) has had _.
wagon kno'
that d.

iperienco
It it
the

lite of the wagon itself. Our

ELECTRIC wV^

have given a new lease of life to thousands of old
wagons. 1 hey can he had in any de.sired height.and
any width of tire up to 8 inches. With a set Sf thesa
wheels yoa can in a few minutes have either a high
or a low down wagon. The Electric HsndT
Waeon Is made by skilled workmen, of best select
ed material— whi'" i.;.>i-.^-.« ..->^.. ...— > ._.^ __,!"' . "
hounds, etc Gii

the wacron that ^ .„. „„ ^

lasts almost forever. Ourcatalog describing the

of these wheels and wagons sent free. Writeforit

ELECTRIC WHEEL CO., BOX 14* QUINCY. ILLINOIS.

e hickory ailes. steel wheels, steel

WE LEAD THE WORLD

We are the largest manuf aiO
turers of Grooved and Plain
Tire Steel Farm Wagon
Wheels in America. Wa
guarantee our patent
Grooved Tire Wheels to
be the best made by anybod|
anywhere. Write us.

HAVANA METAL WHEEL CO.

HAVANA. ILL
WE'LL PAY THE FREIGHT

and send 4 Baggj Wheels, 8l««l Tire on, . »7.«S
With atibber Tires, $15.00. I mfg. wheels ^ to i im.
trflftd. Top Buggies, 128.75; Harness, |3. 60. WriL« ftw
catalogue. Learn hov to buy vebloles anil parts direct
WagoD Umbrella FEEE. W. T. BOOB, Cineliuiati, 9.

Chamberlin Mfg. Co , Olean, N. Y., U, S. A.

HERCULES STUMP PULLER

Clears an acre of heavy timber land each day.
Clears all stumps In a circle of 160 ft. without
moving or changing machine, Strongest, most
rapid working and best made.
Hercules Mfg. Co., 413 17th St.. Centreville. Iowa.

652

THE SOUTHERN PLANTER.

[October

Just Ask the Horse.

Hay
Press

RED RIPPER

he will tell you that It Is the lightest runnini' press in the
m-irket. A lever gives the coiiifrcssion and tliep-werln-
creases wilh the resistance. but the hi-rse doeso t know Uiat.
Heknuwsthitilisjustas easy At the end of the stroke as
it is at the beeinniog. The Red Ripper has an easy caj^city
30 hales per hour. It is a low priced, in fact, the lowest
priced hay press In the market, and so strong and simple
It never gets out of repair. Itcan be loaded on a farm wagon.
Our 24 page Catalogue No. iSS tells you more and contains
many testimonials «e have receive<{from Red Ripperpur-
chasers. Distributing points , Baltimore. Memphis. Cincin-
o>^* Address 5IKES MFC. CO.. Helena, Ceorola>

Thenmn '

■■Uicenll
:il utility wlai.h L:i

f

■ world-f aired. Our catalogue containei Ihelatt
H and largest variety made. >Ve w;uil you ■^^

■ liavea •■opy. After reading it yotir knowledge

■ won't permit of mistake when yuu buy. We

■ « "

Dederick's Baling Presses

liave .--„,. J.

won't permit of mistake « nt.. j«i* u
send it free. Write for a copy at once.
F.K.DEDCBICK'SSQSS. Tii Tivoli St.. Albany. SY.

The

Baler

"ELI" PRESSES

CollInK Plow Co., 1 I 85 Hampshire St., Quiney, III.

bale fastestand best
- for shipping and
■gest Feed Openings.

Uf C M DRILLING

MACHINES

The most successful mouey-making ma-
chines ever made. Also machiDes (or borlog
wells with augers by horae power. Write
us if you mean business.
Loomis Machine Co., Tiffin, Ohio.

mmm,

^\V STANCHION.

' CLEAN.SAFE,

COMFORTABLE.

F(LBYW.B.ERUMB,Farestville.CoNN.

GET ALL THE CREAM,

— BV USING—

^ The SUPERIOR CREAM SEPARATOR.

Does not ml.s wilier wllli the milk.
11 Ih llie bent Sepnralor made. A
Irlul convinces, anilevervi^eparHlor
Is KimrMnlccd. Wrile loi'lav for Cal-
alok'iic li, llie SUPERIOR FENCE MA-
CHINE CO., 291 Orande River Ave., De-
troll, Michigan.

MAGAZINES.
The Review of Reviews Is tlie best
magazine for any one to take who
wants to keep posted on all that is
going on the world over. The editor's
review of the leading subjects occupy-
ing the attention of the master minds
of the world and of all the current
passing events is always well worth
reading. In addition to this there are
always a number of articles on mat-
ters occupying public attention in the
leading countries of the world by those
most qualified to deal with them from
special knowledge or practical ac-
quaintance with the subjects. What
is being said in other magazines on all
subjects of popular interest can also
be found in this magazine.

The Cosmopolitan is one of the best
of the cheaper magazines. It is most
liberally illustrated with -beautifully
produced pictures.

The October Century has an attrac-
tive cover by Leyendecker of a mount-
ed hunter and dogs, which gives a clue
to the prevailing character of its con-
tents, for it is a "sportsman's num-
ber," containing, with much other mat-
tei-, a group of articles on field sports
relating to France, Great Britain and
America. The democratic tradition in
France is represented by an article,
"When the French President Goes
Hunting," written and illustrated by
Andre Castaigne. The aristocratic
tradition is represented by Sterling
Hfilig's narrative, "With the Hounds
of the Duchesse D'Uzes." J. M. Glee-
son, the artist, writes of "Two British
Game Parks," Powerscourt in Ireland
and Drummond Castle in Scotland, and
supplies pictures of both. But the
most practical and acceptable article
to American sportsmen, will be a re-
view of "Field Sports of To-Day. " by
Dwight W. Huntington, the well-known
writer on this subject. Mr. Hunting-
ton is also an artist, as witness his
illustrations for his own article, in-
cluding four in color, one of which,
"The New and the Old Type of Sports-
man," is the frontispiece or tne num-
ber. There are three striking full-
page pictures of big game by Arthur
V'/ardle, the English painter, and "The
Wild Bird by a New Approach," by
Francis H. Herri ck, who shows how
birds may be slyly shot by the camera
without in any way Injurying the birt!.
Three articles of much variety by
officers of the United States govern-
ment deal in a popular way with topics
of solid interest. Gen. Greely writes
of "The Signal Corps in War Time,"
which may be called a piece of secret
history; Hon. W. R. Merriam. director
of the last census, of "The Census of
Foreign Countries," and Dr. L. O.
HowMTd, entomologist of the Depart-
ment of Agriculture, gives the first full
account of the recent experiments
which determined the relation between
yellow fever and the mosquito, experi-
ments involving much personal sacri-
fice on the part of those concerned.

: UNION LOCK POULTRY FENCING

HAS BEEN FULLY
TESTED AND FOUND
SUPERIOK TO ALL
OTHESS.
Will fit uneven
.i.imd without
. , ;/ iUji • lilling. Every part
^ ,;.l:...;:.:ifla t.inbe stretched
-x^ -•'* perfectly. Made of

high grade galvanized steel wire. All horizontal
lines are cables, making it stronger. Has fine mesh
at the bottom for small chicks. We also make
extra heavy for gardens, lawns, etc. The largest
poultry farms are using this fence — over 700 rods
by Lakewood (N. J.) Farm Co. We pay freight
and satisfy every one or no sale. Can ship from
N. v., Chicago, or S.-in Francisco. ^V^ite for
f reelcatalog of Farm, Lawn and Poultry I-'encing.
CASE BROS., Box 340, Colchester, Conn.

i

E-EEd

^iii|i i

1,500 FEET OF WIRE

from the Pa^e Fence that stopped the his runaway
racing auto at the ZanesviUe, O., fair, was cut up
into enort piece? and carried away as souvenirs by
the people who saw the tragic accident In which eo
many wpre killed or injured.
PA(jK WOVEN Wlin: IKNTK CO., Adrian, .llioh.

Genuine spiral Spring Wire
FENCES AND GATES

If your dealer does not have our
goods in stock you can buy direct
.It Manufacturers' Price. Write
for Catalogue and secure agency.

INTERNATIONAL FENCE AND F. CO.
Columbus, Ohio.

3 »,

1 -.

! 1 .

I — .-1 -.-.^

iji,ie/@(l&)©v9 Ifjtyi LflWN FENCE

Many designs. Cheap a^
wood. 32 pafre Catalogue

free. Special Prices to Ceme-
teries and Chorchcs. Address
COILED SPRING FFNCB «0.
Box Q WInchesler, InJ.

SENT ON TRIAL

A Fence Machine that will make over 100
Styles of Feiue iind from 50 to 70 rods a day

AT ACTUAL COST OF WIRE

n<.n,e-blel>, Hiill-slroDi;, Fig and Chlckt'D-llcht.
^^■i^e at Wholo-ale PriCf a. Cattilojrue Free.
Kitselman Bros, Boiifir-, Huncie, Ind.

FENCE!

STROmG£Sf
MAOe. Bulk
strong'. Chlekeiv
tight. Gold to the Farmer at Wfaoleaal*
PrieM. Fsllr W&mntcd. Catalog Free

COILBD BPKDie FBNCB CO.,
Box *C WUehMter. ladlau, C. S. A.

9C0RDS IN 10 HOURS

for FltKE illustrated catalog. sh<

sawMORLtimberwitiiitthaii
: EASIRIt. S39,000in use. Send
wing latest IMPKOVEMENTS
-■ -■ "1 ftgoooj. Addnai

A Steel Stanchion J:rov?riw',"„?

tying rattle. Lifrht*r, BlronKCr, n.-nh-r. Swings Oil chains.
Not In the way when lyingdown. Ajtent,, wantoil Wrlt« for epe-

ci.ii.rm..nd price., jas. Boyle, Mfr.,Salem, O.

Mention the Southern Planter whtn
corresponding -with advertisers.

1903.]

THE SOUTHER^T PLANTER

653

ELMWOOD NURSERIES.

ASPARAGUS

100,000 2-yr. old Asparagus roots,
5 varieties. A special rate of $3.50
per lOiiQ for 2 mos. for BAKR'S,
PALMETTO, CONOVER.

APPLES

A large general assortment, in-
cluding WINESAPS and YORK
IMPERIALS.

Splendid Assortment

of Ornamental, Shade

and Fruit Trees.

from B. P. Rocks, Light
Brahmas, Brown Leg-
horns at $1.00 per 13.

WRITE FOR OUR CATALOGUE.

JiWMKIUl..

..RELIABLE SEEDS..

For Fall So-wing.

Crimson Clover, Vetches, Rape,
Rye, Barley, Seed Oats, White
Pearl and other Onion Sets, Cab-
bage, Lettuce, Radish and Turnip
Seed and all varieties of Grain,
Grass and Garden Seeds.
Write us for prices.

DIQQS & BEADLES. Seedsmen,

1711 E Franklin St., RichmouJ, Va.

EMPORIA NURSERIES

Offer a line of Nursery Stock, mostlv
APPLE TREES, 4 to 5 feet, and
PEACH TREES. 3 to 4 feet, at reduced
prices to clear land. All Stock healthy
and free from Crown Gall, Aphis, San
Jose Scale, or any other disease, and
WILL BE FUMIGATED BEFORE
shipped.

Send for reduced price list. Good
No. 1 Agents for 1904 wanted.
0. S. LINDLEY, Prop., Emporia, Va.

Also agents for Universal and Gard-
ner's Dust Sprayers; far ahead of any
other and cost of power is very small.
Send for price and description.

-^ ROOFING TIN j^

Iron and paper roofing, nails, builder's hard-
ware, sash, doors, etc., carriage and wagon
goods, paints and oils, cook and heating stoves,
guns, pistols, rifles, "Robin Hood" loaded shells.
Do you use any of the above? Write us,

HARRIS HARDWARE CO., ^Ll^^'^X:

An account of Alonzo Clark Robinson
of "The Destruction of Phila:" sets
forth the damage apparently done to
this great historical ruin by the con-
struction of the great Nile dam; there
is an entertainin.g article on "The New
Woman in Turkey," by Anna Bowman
Dodd, and a budget of read-aloudable
"Anecdotes of Leschetizky," by his
sister-in-law, the Comtesse Angele Po-
tocka. The fiction includes "The Old
Dragon," a "Pa Gladden" story by Eliz-
abeth Cherry Waltz; "The Object Les-
son," by Edith Elmer Wood; "The Way
of the Engineers," a story of the upper
Mississippi, by Willis Gibson; "Sandy
McKiver, Hero," by Herbert D. Ward,
and the conclusion of "The Vellow
Van," Richard Whiteing's novel of Eng-
lish life. In the editorial department
are plain-spoken words concerning the
increase of lynching and other unfortu-
nate national tendencies, and a discus-
sion of "The Cant About 'Hard Work'."

The novel in Lippincott's October
number comes from Frederic Reddale's
jiopular pen. Its title is "An Heir to
Millions," and it deals with a fortune
made in the California gold fields and
inherited by a New York clerk with
simple tastes. He begins in no very
novel way to spend the money, but
when he learns that it is his through
trickery he shows his mettle by refus-
ing to buy the silence of a rascal and
stands ready to take the consequences.
In his prosperity he has a little neg-
lected his sweetheart of humbler days,
but things come around her way in the
end. "The Return." by Beulah Marie
Dix, is a touching and powerful epi-
sode, with a thrilling psychological
thread. From an author who has done
excellent work in many magazines,
this is unquestionably the best tiling
she has produced. Phoebe Lyle con-
tributes "The Adventuress of Amaryl-
lis," a sweet romance of picturesque
Charleston, where a straight-laced little
New England school teacher goes to
recuperate after sickness and has the
time of her life. The name "George
Jones" is so palpably ungenuine that
the reader feels more than a passing
wonder as to the real author of the
human little sketch called "The Day's
Disdain." A racing story by Alfred
Stoddart is called "The Lightweight
Saddle Class," and contains love-inter-
est as well as that of sport. Algernon
Boyesen's original treatment of the
divorce theme in his story, "The Prison
House," arrests attention. A wife,
having become fascinated by the leader
of "new ethics," desires to leave her
husband. His arguments prove vain,
and he is inspired to suggest a test of
the genuineness of the "leader's" views
on Platonic friendship. This worKs
to perfection. But the tale must be
read to be appreciated. With the ser-
vant question so much in evidence
everywhere Karl Edwin Harriman's
humorous sketch on the subject must
make many friends. It is called "The
Cook at Conley's." When Agnes Rep-
plier talks on paper people are eager
listeners. Her long residence abroad

Peach and Apple Trees,

BONAVISTA NURSERIES, Greenwood, Va.

We oiler a fine lot of choice trees for
Fall and Spring planting

Our apple trees are the best— Wine Sap,
Mammoth Black Twig, York Imperial
and Albemarle Pippin, all perfect and
well grown trees.

Our peach trees are the standard sorts.
Stump, Elberta, Bilyeu's (Comet, ) Won-
derful Champion, Globe, Picquet'sLate,
Albright's Winter, Crawford E.&L.,etc.

We send out none but good trees and
have never had a complaint made by any
purchaser of our stock. Order soon, es-
pecially Peach^s, as good trees will be
ver}' scarce this season.

CHAS. F H.-iCKETT, Manager.

lOOO Per Cent.
= Profit in..
Wealth and HealtH

"""'- , In fresh, luscious, home i^rown

STRAWBIIRRIES

allowed to ripen thoroughly on the vines.
We sell the plants psicked to carry fresh
anywhere in the United States, bur 120
pagemanual (freeto buyers) makes grow-
ing for pleasure or pr -fit phiin to all.
Plant now. Also save half oni

FRUIT TREES

by buying direct from us, saving agents'
profits. VVrite for free Catalogue, men-
tioning this paper.
CONTINENTAL PLANT CO.

KITTRELL. N. C.

TREES! TREES!!

I ofler a tine lot of whole root trees.

Apples, Pears, Peaches,
Cherries, Plums, Qrape
Vines. Raspberries, Etc.

Save agent's commission by send-
ing your orders to the nursery.
CATALOGUE FREE.
All stock Inspected and Fumigated.

WERTZ'S NURSERY, Salem. Va.

Strawberry Plants,

All grown m fresh rich ground, healthy,
well-rooted plants that will please you;
over 30 kinds to offer Raspberry plants
and Peach trees also; see us before you
buy. Our stock hns been thoroughly in-
spected and found frc- from any disease.
Address ,10HN LIGIITFOOT,

Sherman Heights Tenn.

IT YOUR IDEAS

00,000 offered for one in-

nlion; $8,500 for another,

Ko.ik "How to Obtain a Patent"

What to Invent "sent free. Send

rouerh sketch for free report as to

patentability. We advertise your

patent for sale at our expense.

CHANDLEC & CHANDLEE, Patent Attorneva

976 F Street, Washington, D. C.

654

THE SOUTHERN PLAXTER.

[October

FINE FARM FOR SALE.

I offer tor sale a fine farm located
twelve miles from Fredericksburg, Va..
on the R., F. & P. R. R.. and about one
mile from the station. Contains 250
acres; suitable for cattle raising, corn,
wheat and tobacco. About 100 acres
cultivated. Has a 10 room dwelling,
large barn. tv.o floors, small barn, cat-
tle shed, tenant house, and other out-
buildings. Farm well watered and en-
closed with wire fencing. 100 acres in
timber. Health.v location, magnificent
view of surrounding country. Price,
$5 000, on easv terms. Address

JOHN P. SIMO.N'TOX.
1124 S St.. X. W.. Washington. D. C.

UflMCQ AND THE PLACE TO
nUIVIto FIND THEM. . .

Nu i.hi.-e in the Uniteri States can a
man do so well at farming, for tt e money
inve.<teij. as in Virginia. Lands are
cheap; climate good, and the best of
marlcets close at hand. It is the State
of all others, for a comfortable all the
year round home. The James River
Valley Colonization and Improvement
Company olfer superior advantages to
land purchasers. For free 36 page land
pamphlet, address

W. A. PARSONS. Vinita. Va.

C \0 Main St. Depot Richmond. Va.

To HOMESEEKERS.

"THE BUSINESS OF FARMING

moves her to write about "The Tour-
ist" in her notably keen and witty
manner. She covers all nationalities
in her comparisons and has evidently
given much thought to her subject.
The series of literary talks by George
Moore, begun in the Sepcemoer num-
ber and entitled "Avowals," is con-
tinued this month. In speaking of
Balzac, he says: "There is more vi-
tality in a house described bv Balzac
than there is in many an Engllsc
novel."

IF YOU WISH TO SELL

VIRGINIA LANDS

Communicate with us. Write for free
"Virginia Real Estate Journal," co»-
talnlng manj splendid bargatnA.
R. B. CtlAFFIN & CO . Inc .

•>o. I N lOth St.. Richmond, Va

Is the title of a new pamphlet Issued by the
Norfolk and Western Railway Company. We
will gladly mall you a copy.
W. B. BEVILL, PAUL SCHERER. Agt..
G. P. A.. Lands and Immigration,
Roanoke. Va,

BEARING APPLE ORCHARD in "Piedmont" Va.

Rich black loHin. typical "I'tppin'Iiind. Suitable
Albenmrle pippins, ami other highest grade ap-
ples 1,0,0 trees pluut- il nine years: good crop
this season. Coves side high mountaiD ; but re-
markably smooth : admirably adapted orchard
work, and spraying. Wauons run all over. Large
commercial orchards adjoin. Two bold mount-
ain streams Four mllCh from depot: good road.
Drive city two hours. Picturesque: good socially.
4 room house; S'i.-'OO: half cash. Very desirable.

For detiills. address
SOUTHKKN FAK.M AGENCY, Lynchburg. Va.

WE HAVE A LARGE LIST OF

FRUIT. POULTRY and TRUCK FARMS

Ten. ?"lfty anj One Hundred Acres each, with

good buildtngs. close to steam and trolley

lines, easy access to the city. Also

GRAIN AND STOCK FAkMS

From 100 to 1.000 acrea at low prices all the

way from iS to KO per acre. Write for

Catalogue.

THE VIRGINIA LAND AGENCY. Richmond. Va.

J. R. HOCKADAT. Manager.

2 GOOD DAIRY FARHS,

Vicinity of Washinjrton FOR SALE.

Elt-ctric railway through one and near
the other. For particulars, address
L. E. WALT, 745 7th St., S E ,

Washington, D. C.

The October St. Nicholas really
should be issued on a Saturday morn-
ing and not in the middle of the week.
for the girl or boy who once taKes It
up will find it hard to lay aside the
tempting magazine till every page is
read. There Is a frontispiece that Is
both pretty and clever. 'A Musical
Genius— the Pride of the Family." The
leading story is just as good for girls
as for boys.and is well worth reading
aloud in the family. "That Deer," an
exciting California story by Marian
Warner Wildman. "Dandy Dash and
How He Gave the Alarm." is the true
story of a dog by Grace Wold Soper;
and "Boxer and the Goslin.ss" is an-
other eood dog tale. "Poh-Hlaik the
Cave Boy." told by Chas. F. Lummis.
is the thrilling story of a little New
Mexican hero of five hundred years
a^o. In this number, too. Howard
Pvle writes farewell to readers of "Thp
Story of King Arthur and His
Knights," which has been the strong
fiction attraction of St. Nicholas the
past year. "If so be." runs Mr. Pyle's
farewell, "they make you think it is
worth while to live a brave and true
and virtuous life, doing good to those
about you. and denying yourselves all
those desires which would be ill for
others and for yourselves for to yield
to. then that which I have written h?th
not been written amis." But the Oc-
tober St. Nicholas has plenty of read-
ing more substantial and equally enter^
taininsr. Rosalind Richards tells about
"The Great Clock of Wells." nearly the
oldest and certainly one of the most
interesting clocks in existence. Of in-
terest to grown-ups as well as to
younger readers is Joseph Henry
Adams' account, illustrated by the au-
thor, of "A Trip Through the New
York Assar Office." W. T. Hornaday
tells his remembrance of Chico. th°
largest chimpanzee ever seen on thi"!
side of the Atlantic: and the pictures
are interesting, though necessarily
ugly. "Counting." some of the sim-
plest helps to correct counting, the
most striking applications of machin-
ery to the purpose, is the topic dis-
cussed by C. K. Wead. Annie . Kuii>-
er's interesting account of "Queen
Wilhelmina's Lessons" is written from
particulars obtained by the author di-
rectly from one of the queen's former
teachers.

I Can Sell
\our Farm

cr other real estate, no matter where It Is or what It

Is worth. bt:nd dcscriptiun. slate I -:ce. and Icara my
wonderfully successf.U plun. W. M. OSTRA.NDER.

376 North Americca Bnildint. PhilaCelrtiia

FINE FARMS

In the great fruit grain and
stock section of VIRGINIA.
iliiiaie and water in the U. 3. Near great
markets, with best educational advantages.
For further information, address

ALBEMARLE IMMIGRATION CO.,
Sam'l B. Wouus Pres fharlottesville, ^ a.

V»RGINIA FARMS

S3 PER ACRE AND UPWARDS.

EAST PAYMENTS. CATALOGUE FREK.

GEO. E. CRAWFORD & CO., Richmond, Va,

Established 1S75.

For Sale or Exchange -^v

FOR FARM OR TIMBER LAND, resi-
dence ami business property in City of
Newport News H. D COLEMAN,

Newport News, \ a.

"In the Green Fields of Virginia."

Homes for all; Health for all; Happ.ness and
Independence for all. All sizes of Farms at
corresponding prices, but all reasonable.

MACON & CO., Orange, Va.

VIRGINIA FARMS

All prices and sizes. Free list on appUcatloB.
WM B. PIZZINI CO . RiCHMONJ. V».

BLUE GRASS FARMS and MINERAL LANDS.

Send for Free Real Estate Bulletin.
Southwestern Va. Land Agency, Wrlheville. Va.

8o South.

For full par-

ticuNrs write

A. JEFFERS,

Norfolk, Va.

A neat Binder for your back nnm-
bers can be had for 25 centa. Addr««i
our Business Office.

WANTED-FOR SMALL FARM IN
Chesterfield County, an industrious
man who understands farmiBg, ad-
dress A. G. W., P. O. Box 947, Rich-
mond, Va.

MARK YOUR STOCK.

rSE THE

KENTUCKY ALUMINUM EAR LABEL

Made by F. H. Jacksos & Co.. Winchester, Ky
Write to them for free samples.

1903.]

THE SOUTHERN PLANTER.

655

FARMS FOR SALE!

Farm No. 2.
Contains 265 acres; 215 under culti-
vation; 50 acres original oak and
hickory. Fronts on the pike running
from Winchester to Alexandria; five
miles from railroad; one-half mile
from proposed electric railroad. Elxcel-
lent six-room dwelling house, with
broad halls, standing in a large, nicely-
shaded blue-grass lawn; all necessary
outbuildings; land chocolate clay, with
stiff clay subsoil; all level, but rolling
enough to drain well; fine for wheat
and grass; well watered. Owner con-
templates making improvements. But
if sold before, price ?25 per acre, on
easy terms.

No. 4.

Contains 100 acres, all under cultiva-
tion, and in good condition. Good
frame dwelling and all necessary out-
buildings in good condition. Situated
on the pike, with market wagons pass-
ing every day, paying Washington city
prices for produce. Splendidly situated
for fruit, poultry, dairy and trucking.
Price now, $2,000. on easy terms.

No. 10.

This farm contains 100 acres — 40
acres in white oak, chestnut and pine;
60 acres in a high state of cultivation.
In lots of from 8 to 12 acres in a
field; well fenced. Especially adapted
to fruit and wheat and clover. Has a
nice S-room house, two porches, new
barn, double grainary, wagon drive
and cow sheds. A good 4-room
tenant house. Situated 2% miles from
station on main line of Southern rail-
road ; 5 miles from county seat of
Fairfax county. Price, $20 per acre.
No. 11.

Contains 315 acres in high state of
improvement. Large frame dwelling,
10 rooms, 2 large cattle barns, and all
necessary farm buildings in good re-
pair. Land watered by spring branches.
Situated in aristocratic neighborhood.
Convenient to depot and to Washington
market. Price, $50 per acre.
No. 15.

An excellent dairy farm of 144 acres
situated in upper Fairfax county, .S
miles from railroad station: about 100
acres under cultivation, balance in
white oak and hickory timber. This is
a model, up-to-date dairy farm, with
all necessary appliances and machinery
for a first class dairy. The owner is
now shipping about $10 worth of milk
and cream per day. Write for descrip-
tion and price.

W. E. MILLER,
Herndon, Va.

REPORTS.

U. S. Department of Agriculture, Wash-
ington, D. C. Farmers Bulletin
No. 178. Insects Injurious In
Cranberry Culture.

Illinois Experiment Station, Urbana,
111. Bulletin 87. The Structure
of the Corn Kernel and the Com-
position of its Different Parts.
Bulletin 88. Soil Treatment for
Wheat in Rotations, with Special
Reference to Southern Illinois
Soils.

Iowa Experiment Station, Ames, Iowa.
Bulletin 09. The Chicken Mite.
Bulletin 70. Some Weeds of Iowa.
Bulletin 71. The Keeping Quality
of Butter,

Hatch Experiment Station, Amherst,
Mass. Bulletin 91. Injuries to
Shade Trees from Electricity.

Nebraska Experiment Station, Lincoln,
Neb. Experiments in the Culture
of the Sugar Beet.

Ohio Experiment Station, Wooster, O.
The Maintenance of Fertility.

Rhode Island Experiment Station,
Kingston, R. I. Bulletin 93. Com-
mercial Fertilizers.

Virginia Weather Bureau, Richmond,
Va. Report for August, 1903.

West Virginia Experiment Station,
Morgantown, W. Va. Bulletin 86.
Cranberries in West Virginia.
Bulletin 87. Greenhouses.

Imperial Department of Agriculture,
West Indies Agricultural News,
News, August 15th and 29th. 1903.

CATALOGUES.

Peter Henderson & Co., 35 and 37
Cortlandt street, New York Autumn
Catalogue.

Peter Henderson & Co., 35 and 37
Cortlandt street. New York. Agri-
cultural Seeds for Fall Sowing.

Florida Nut Nurseries. J. T, Jones
& Son, Proprs., Monticello, Fla.

John Lightfoot, Sherman Heights.
Tenn., Catalogue of Strawberry and
Raspberry Plants, etc.

LIVE WILD GAME WANTED.
Dr. Cecil French is advertising in an-
other column for all kinds of live wild
game. He wants particularly wild
turkeys, quail, pheasants, grey squir-
rels, bear cubs, deer, raccoons, foxes
and the like. As the open game season
is now upon us, our readers should be
on the look out for some of the above,
as Dr, French is ready to turn it into
the coin of the realm for them.

SALES AT BACON HALL.

Messrs. E. M. Gillet & Son write us
as follows: "We take pleasure in re-
porting the following recent sales:
Herefords, Mr. D. L. Flory. of Virginia,
picked "Goodenough," a very good son
of "Gold Standard," out of "Lovely."

Berkshires: Mr. S. H. Anderson, of
Virginia, writes: "I ani very much
pleased with the 3 sows and 1 boar I
got from you." Mr. W. P. Husband,
of Maryland, bought 1 bred sotv and
gave me 2 orders, R. T. Owen, of
Pennsylvania, got 1 boar pig. Satis-
faction or no pay is the motto of "Ba-
con Hall."

If your lamp-
chimneys break,
say Macbeth to
your grocer —
loud!

He knows.

You need to know how to manage youi
lamps to ha ve comfort with them at small cost.
Better read my Index ; I send it free.

Macbeth, Pittsburgh.

FREE SAMPLE

Of "THE STORY OF MY tIFE ANI>
"WORK," By Booker T, WasWngton.

Send aa your name and
addreea. W© want you
to have a copy of tWa
autobiography of tho
greatest living Negro
for the purpose of in-
troducing- It In your
community. It Is a
remarkable seller, biff
profit; agents are mak-
ing from S4 to SIO per
day. Will you Intro-
duce It by selling or
g'etting 113 an agent?
If so. send at once for
a sample.

J.L. NICHOLS & CO.,
Atlanta, Ga.
Sellln^FriceSl.OO. <»t6 Austell i^uildinff;.

DO YOU OWN STOCK?

If so, do you know how to
care for it when sick? Our
Stock Book tells you all about
animals and their diseases.
Write for terms. Agents want-
ed everywhere. Most liberal
terms. Outfit free.

B. M. ANDERSON & CO.,
Box 533. = Richmond, Va.

Consvilting Entomolog'ist

"^?, nrr^ A. Arsene Qirault, ,^2

— CARE ALLEGHANY ORCHARD CO.,

- ■ ':,'. Paw Paw, W. Va.?%ri.:i-t

Answering In detail, accompanlng, where
possible with specimens and explanatory notes;
life-history a specialty; charges low. Not ■
bureau of Information. Write at once and
worry me. '

Un Or\JUI»in OUR TISSUE REPAIRS FABRICS
NU otulIlU of all kinds; package. lOc. with
Instructions. ZONEE riFG. CO., 2010 Cleve-
land, Ave., Phila.

656

THE SOUTHEKN PLANTETJ.

Oetoter

''Glen Rock"

All Wool

Clothing

Direct from Mill.

Men'm lt»> k' Hn<l ftilhli
of 50 pir t*nt. We )ih'
counliY Bflliim (■lotiiiiiK <

III.'

under III*" saine roof. f>ur un<Kls arc hiiiidsnmely
made uf nil w ul and trimmed. Tlie cloilt is
made frotii Hue sclocted wools. Kvery Kaiiiieni
bears our lal>el and Is jniaraiiteed for one year. 1 1
not wejiring BatlBfatitorily, may be returned and
anotber will be sent free of nil expense.

Our madMo- measure men's suits for S7.G0 or Sl0.i«i
■would lost Sl>'t>(»to Si':.iit yoiir tailor'B. llandsonir
line of Full and Wiiiier* tveiniats at an equal savin;^.

Hand'Shfunk CoUats,
Hand'tnade Button Holes,
Padded Shouldersm

We sell either tailor-niadt? or ready-made clotliin.u'.
Men's all wool and worsted tronser'a S;-2.,S2.Wai!(i
$;( ; bandsomely made and trimmed. We liave tlie
ebeapest, sf roup's f mid best all wool boys' clothinfr.
Also cloth by the yard or pieee, and ladies' suiting
and skirting's. Write to-day for samples, etc.

HOW

MONEY
GROWS

It Is what you save and what youp nion°
ey earns, not what you earn, that makes
wealth. Savingiseasy, but knowing how,
when and where to safely invest your
earnings and

GET LARGE PROFITS

From Small Investments

Is the key to wealth. Afler nil, money
making Is like horticulture— a malter of
growth— I'lant the seed al the iiroper lime
In good soil, and your har>est is eertiiln.
He who makes two stalks of itorn to grow
where but one grew before. Increases his
income by doubling his harvest. So a few
dollars invested at the right time in a
good, dividend-paying enterprise will
Dear fruit a hundred fold.

Send for l-ree llooklet, "<linili- fur In-
vrst',i:i" which shows how to make an ab-
solutely safe and profitable investment.
It may save you a loss or

MAKE YOUR FORTUNE

STOa GUARANTY & SURETY CO.,
Dcpt. B. 1 122 Market St., San Francisco, Cal-

Ayinls WunUd in rrrru cili, and tuwn.

PARINPT PHOTOS FREE. Write lor comhinn-
uHDIIILI il"n ■.ll.Toronedozeneo|.ied from
any i.l.lorc. CRAMER ^OVELTY CO., Orenlocli, ^. J

A neat Binder for your back num-
bers can be had tor 25 cents. AddreM
our Business OfiQce.

SWEET POTATOES.

A pamphlet, "Cultivation and Storage
of Sweet Potatoes," gives, as is be-
lieved, a more practical plan for keeping
potatoes than any other that has here-
tofore been placed before the people-
Important and valuable information
that is not contained in any other
known publication is here given. Po-
tatoes can thus easily be kept in good
condition 12 months or longer. The
pamphlet is worth, even to life-long po
tato growers, much more than the
price asked.

A. F. Funderburg. Dudley, S. C, in
speaking of this pamphlet, says: "I
would not take ten times its cost for
it."

The pamphlet has been introduced
into 19 States and 3 Territories. The
plans are simple and easily understood.
They can be made available for old
style potato houses, or for new ones,
specially built, preferably the latter.
Order now. Do not delay.

Price. 50 cents, postpaid. Address
BRYAN TYSON,
Carthage. N. C.

I have a few copies of a formula for
excluding moth from beehives that
will be sent, as long as they last, with-
out charge, to those who request it.
B. T.

LEHMAN HEATER.
One of the most striking advertise-
ments in this issue is that of Messrs.
Lehman Bros., setting forth the merits
of their carriage and wagon heater.

The accompanying illustration v ill
give you an excellent idea of tiiis use-
ful device. It is simple, neat, durable
and very handy. Its makers eiaim
that it will make a vehicle absolutely
comfortable in the coldest weather:
that it gives continuous heat for 15
hours at a cost of one-half cent per
hour; that danger from flre is impos-
sible: that it is unbreakable and will
last a lifetime. The fact that 2110 noo
are now in use would seem to confirm
the makers' claim. Refer to the ad.
and send for catalogue.

THE WARRINER STANCHION.
This patent, chain hanging cattle
stanchion is advertised in this issue
by Mr. W. B. Crumb, of Forestville,
Conn. From glancing through his
catalogue we find that numbers of
prominent dairymen and Agricultural
Stations as well, sing its praises. Bet-
ter send for the booklet, if interested,
or send for it and you will probably
get interested.

Mention the Southern Planter In
writing.

SIN JOSE SGJLE ISi'is

GOOD'S CAUSTIC POTASH

"WHALE OIL SOAP. No. 3.

It also prevents Curl Leaf. Endorsed by en-
tomologists. 'Jhis soap is a fertilizer as well as
insecticide 60 lb. kegs, S2.fi0: 100 lb. kegs. $1 HO.
Half barrels, 270 lbs,, at :j,'.jC. per lb.: barrels,
4-5 lbs., at 3i^c. Large quantities, special rates.
Send for circular.

JAMES GOOD.
9;j9—tl N. Front St., philaoei.phia. p*.

FRAZER

Ax'e Grease .h^^fol^d.

Its wearing qualities are unsurpasseii. ac-
tually ovil'asting 3 bxs- any other brand,
Not affected bv heat. .ftg^Get the Genuine.
FOR SALE BY ALL DEAl.KKS.

"Feeds and Feeding"

Prof. Henry's Great Book for
Farmers anil Stockmen.

Delivered anywhere for - - $2.00
With the SOUTHERN PLANTER, .252

ISAfiiTE

GREENSBORO, N.C.

For the treatment of THE LIQUOR, OPIUM, MORPHINE .nd
^ther Drug Addictions. The Tobbacco Habit, Nerve Exiiaustian

1903.]

THE SOUTHERN PLANTER.

657

ItOCKLICK IT
TOCK^IKE IT

BLACKMAN'S
MEDICATED

SALT BRICK

I The only ^»r»nteed Tonic, Blood Pa»l-
fier, Kidney and Liver Regulator and
alder of Digestion for all stock. A

[ eurehlton worms. Ticks cannot live.
No dosing, no drenching, and no waste

I of feed. Yoor horsa his own doctor.
Endorsed by thousands Special
O^er of foar bricks sent prepaid to
any addres« on receipt ot one dollar.
Money refunded if not satfsfled. For
full dascriptire circulars, tesUmonl&l^
etc. address

BlackmaB Stock Remedjr Ce.

930 Highland Park, Ohattanoog»,Teiui.

150 Jacks, Jennets and Mules.

Best assortment I ever owned. Can
suit you exactly. Write for descrip-
tion aEd prices. Also
will sell 2 Percberon
Stallions at close fig-
ures.

BAKER'S JACK FARM.
Lawrence. Ind.

Knight & Jetton,

Breeders of and Dealers In

Jacks, Jennets, Stallions.

Durham and Hereford

YEAKLING.S.

Send stamp for Catalogue.

Murfreesboro, Tenn,

^

Jacks, Jennets and Stallions

FOR SALE. Fine .Jacks a
.«PKriAi,TY. Wh.n writing
slate exactly what vou want
or come and see our stock.

W. E. KNIQHT & CO.,
RouleS, Nashville, TeoD.

A nice, smooth BLACK JACK for sale
foaled ill UiOO; also pure bred Fox Hound
Pups of the celebrated Maupin & Walker
strain, apply to
SNOW. HILL KENNELS. Woolsey, Vs.

Sale or Sxchange

2 BE.AUTIFUL JACK.S, for pure-bred
Red Polled cattle, good draft or coach
stallions. W. S MOTT, Dixondale, Va

WANTED!

ALL KINDS OF

LIVE WI,.D BIROS AND ANiMAL!

Particularly Deer. Wild Turkeys. WhlU
bqulrrels. Ducks, Swans, Hob White Ouall
Grey Squirrels, Etc.

CECIL FRENCH,

718 Twelfth St. N. W., Washinglor

Thirty-six years of continuous suc-
cess. Just thinl< what that means.
Thirty-six long years in business, each
year more successful than the previous
one, with never a backward movement,
always growing larger, ever increasing
in popular favor. How many that
were doing business .36 years age are
even in existence to-day? Very, very
few. In this age of development and
fierce competition, a concern must do
business right, treats its customers
right, and sell what is right, to even
hold its own, much less advance. To
do otherwise means that the concern
of to-day is likely to be out of the
running to-morrow. The graveyard
of business failures is full to overiflow-
ing. But thirty-six years of coutin-
uous success and still growing. Think
of it! How has it been accomplished?
In just one way. By selling absolutely
pure whiskey, direct from our own
distillery to the consumer, saving him
the enormous profits of the dealers,
and carrying out to the letter every
statement or offer we make, thereby
creating a confidence with our over a
quarter of a million satisfied customers
that cannot be broken. Read our offer
elsewhere in this paper. The Hayner
Distilling Company.

IMPORTED "BRITISHER."
We are certainly very much obliged
to Messrs. Giltner Bros., proprietors of
the Kentucky Herefords. for a hand-
some lithograph of their splendid herd
bull, Britisher, 1450fi6. It immediately
found its way to our walls. This splen-
did bull is certainly entitled to be
called the "Record Breaking Champ-
ion," as he was champion over all beef
breeds in England, and also won the
sweepstakes championship in Here-
fords at the International Show at
Chicago in 1902. Look up this firm's
ad. and send for a neat little catalogue.

OUR NATIONAL SHAME.
It cannot be denied that of late the
soberest-minded men among us have
been filled with a solicitude amounting
to anxiety in noting the momentum of
certain dangerous tendencies in Amer-
ican life. The trend toward mob law
in various sections of the country; the
increased violence of the aggressions
upon the right of workingmen to labor
unmolested; the revelations of public
and private corruption, and especially
of the buying and selling of legislation
and franchises; the growth of the
eambJing mania among women as well
as men; the vulgar rush for social
prominence; the widespread system of
"graft" and blackmail which has grown
up in all classes in the haste to be
rich — these familiar phenomena are
crowding upon our attention, straining
our optimism and shaming our na-
tional pride at the very time when we
are called upon to exult in the com-
mercial greatness of the country and
its peculiar qualifications for redeem-
ing the benighted regions of the world.
— From an Editorial in the October
en tury.

Horse Owners! Use

GOMBATJLT'S

Caustic

Balsam

I Safe Sptedf and Fositire Can
The Safest, Sent BLISTER ever used. Take*
the place of all liniments lur mihl or severe action.
Removes Buncbesor BIcmishea from Hone*
and Cattle. SUPERSEDES ALL CAUTERY
OR FIRING. ImTOsaible to rroduce scar or blemialu
Every bottle sold is warranted to give satisfaction
Price $1,50 per bottle. Bold by drusKlats, or
lent by express, charcea paid, with full directions
for its use. Send for descriptive circulars.
rHB LAWBBNCB-WII.I.IAMS CO., CleTeland O,

FOUTZl

HORSE

i -AND .'_

eATTLE
POWDER

DAViD E.FOUTZ
B^LTIM09£.MI>.

A medicine which makes

sick animals well, the diseased

whole, the weak strong and the

thin fat. It will restore lost Appetite,

txpcl Worms and cure Chronic Cough,

Heaves, Influenza, Distemper, Hidc-

y bound. Indigestion, Constipation, Flat-

kulcncy ard ail Siomach and Bowel

I trouble.

est of all arumal

NE\TTON*SUeaT«, Cangh, Dto*
temper and IndlgestloD Care.

PERCHERON COLTS.

I offer 3 pure bred last spring foals
(2 stallions, 1 filly), sired by Brillimt
Mona7-ch. Jr. Wt. 1,800 pounds. Also

POLAN D CHINA

Pigs, both sexes, 5 mos. old, sired by
a son of Chief Tecumseh 2d, and a
grandson of Chief Perfection 2d. Both
colts and pigs are choice stock and
eligible to registry. Write me.

THOS. R. SMITH,
Lincoln, Loudoun Co., Va,

8 HORSE COLTS

FOR SALE. 3 are 2 years old past; 5 are 1 year
old past. All are sired by tiie fine registered
saddle horses, OLD MAC and GENTRY D, As I
am unprepared to handle them this year, will
sell any 3 or the s nt a prime bargain. Corre
spondence or visit solicitod.

I. L. AMBERG, Fletcher, N. C.
(12 miles below Asheville. Southern R'y.)

FOR saL.^:.

Large English Berkshire Hogs,
Barred Plymou'h Rock Chickens

BEN. BOLT, 60747, 430 lbs. as a yearling at
head of herd, «S-EGGS IN SEASON.
JOHN P, FOSTER. Nocreek, Ohio Co., Kr.

THE SOUTHERN PLANTEE.

r October

■Ihrlve when fi-.l on our
BABY CHICK FOOD.
A I'diciC liiilanoed food. Send for fref
sample iiii.i our large illustrated' catalog
of POULTRY SUPPLIES,

INCUBATORS. and

BROODERS.

FANCIERS' SUPPLY CO.,

517-519 West Broad St., ^

Richmond, Va.

EVKRYTHINO I OR THE FANCIER.

FINE TURKEYS. -'J'^' ^" ■ ' ^""""^

Last year my Mammoth Bronze turkevs were
very tine, liul this yearthebest leversan". Thev
are the S. K. Johnston etock, derived from prize
winners. .SI'ECIAL RATES to those sending
money before Nov. 1st. and the most select birds
to first orders. I also haven few very fine thor-
oughbred Harred I'lymouth Rock cockerels for
sale. Hates reasonable on all. Write for circulars

PIRDMONT POULTRY PLACF,
Miss E. Ciilie Giles, Prop. . Whitile's Depot, Va.

BROWN LEGHORNS.

Young stock for .sale in
Fall. Prices rea.sonable.

White Plymouth Rocks.

R.W. HAWJr., - Cenlralia, Va.

PIT games:

Black Devils and Red Horses.

These cock« won HO )icr cent of battles fought
in 1901 and I'.roi' and liiive never lost a battle
when gamciK-ss and culling qualities could win.
Choice lot of young and old stock for sale.

THOS. W. JARMAN. Yancey Mills, Va.

32 Varieties
Best Poultry

in either old or voiitit' sto^k-^

Reduced price
00 eggs bal of
season, 'ietmy
fine catalog, ia
free for stamp.
Manv breeding
birds, to offer. I
can please you

JNO. E. HEATWOLE. Harrisonburg. Va.

.... GARNETT'S LAYERS ....

S, C. Black Minorca's & S. C. White Legiiorns

of the Best Strain's Extant.
This is tlie month to order vour cock-
erels have a nice lot for sale, jl.OO each;
no pullets for sale.
J. MILTON GARNETT, Mitchell's. Va.

FIRST CLASS FOWLS

FOR SALK. rllEAP.

Barred, Buff and White Plymouth Rocks,
White Wyandottes. Light Brahmas, Buff and
PartridEC Cochins, Black ninorcas, Black
Langshans, Brown and White Leghorns.
Now is the time to .secure bargains.

0,»KLAND POl'I.THV FARM,

C. J. WARINER, Mgr.. RrFFiN, N. C.

With this issue the season's adver-
tisinp; of the familiar Monarch French
Burr and Attrition Feed Mills starts.
Old readers leniember the advertise-
r.ients fiom past seasons. These mills
have found their way into the feed
barns of many who read this paper.
If there had been any note of dissatis-
faction we should be sure to know it.
These Monarch Mills are admirably
adapted to the feeder's purposes. We
have no hesitation in recommending
them unreservedly. But an intending
buyer need not buy on faith. Note the
liberal time given to try before con-
summating the purchase. It shows the
serene confidence the manufacturers
have in their product. Catalogue with
full description can be obtained by
writing the manufacturers. Sprout.
Waldron & Co.. Box 202, Muncv. Pa,

DISCONTENT WITH WORK.
That there is much discontent with
work among the so-called middle class
in America is due in large part to the
pampering of children, to the supply-
ing of their natural and artificial wants
and to the sentimental idea that "their
day of toil will come soon enough."
In general, work is not a curse, but a
blfssin.g — a positive means of grace.
One can hardly begin too early to im-
press upon children lessons of self-
help by tasks appropriate to their age
and forces, and to beget in them scorn
of idleness and of dependence on oth-
ers. To do this is to make them happy
through the self-respect that comes
with the realization of power, and thus
to approximate Tennyson's goal of
man: "Self-reverence, self-knowledge,
self-control." — From an Editorial in
the October Century.

RAISE MORE MXTLES.
Baker's Jack Farm, which has long
been advertising with us, sends us a
little folder giving 20 reasons why
farmers should raise more mules. We
suggest that all interested parties send
for it. Here are the first four:

I. They can bo raised cheaper than
any other stock.

II. Will go into the market sooner
than horses.

III. They are marketable any time
from weaning time (four months old)
until incapacitated by old age.

IV. Are less liable to contract dis-
eases than the harsc.

OLDEST CLOCK IN THE WORLD.

The great clock of Wells Cathedral,
in Somersetshire, England, is very
nearly the oldest and certainly one of
the most interesting of clocks in exist-
ence. It was built in 1322. by Peter
Lightfoot. one of the monks of Glas-
tonbury Abbey, six miles from Wells,
where it ran for 2.")0 years, until the
abbey was dissolved by Henry VIII,.
and its 'ast abbot hanged over his own
gateway. The clock was then re-
moved to W^ells, where it has been
running ever since." — From "The
Great Clock of Wells" in October St.
A'ic7io/a.9.

White Wyandottes, Buff Leg-
horns, Bronze Turkeys.

I can supply a few trios of White
Wyandotte Cockerels and Pullets. Im-
mediate delivery. Fine layers.

Buff Leghorn Cockerels of extra fine
laying strain ready for delivery in No-
vember.

Bronze Turkeys in pairs or trios.
All at reasonable prices.

One U. S. Separator in perfect re-
pair. Capacity 350 pounds milk per
hour. Cost $125. Price, $50.

A. R. VENABLE, Jb.,
Milnwood Dairy Farm.

P. O. Box 147, Parmville, Va.

Barred and White

PLYMOUTH ROCKS

Single and R. C. B. Leghorn, S. L.
Wyandottes, Light Brahma and B.
Minorca Cockerels for sale. $1 per sin-
gle bird; a trio for $3.
J. B. JOHNSON, Clover Hill Farm,

Manassas, Va.

$1.00 each during: October only,

B. P. R. chicks bred from Hawkins, Thompson &
Bradley Bros, prize wiimers.
Protection Duroc Jersey pigs and Perfection
Poland-China pigs.

Only the best is bred at "The Cedars." Fan-
cier's stock, farmers prices,

THE CEDARS WH. G. OWENS, -•"

P. and S. FARH. Midlathian, Va. 3

Genuine B. Plymouth Rock chick-
ens,' Al. Bronze turkeys, Toulouse
geese, Guineas, Pea fowls.

Eggs in season from chickens and tur-
keys.
Mrs. W. F. JACKSON, Olga P. O ,
Amelia Co., Va.

Barred Plymouth Rocks, f^^t-^^.

FOR SALE; strong, healthy, vigorous
farm-raised pullets — l>red for laying.
\VM. B LEWIS, Irby, NottowayCo, Va.

300 White Leghorn

Pullets (3 bred) wanted. Write me,
stating how many you can sell and at
what price. F. E. WILLIAMS, M. D.

Capron, Va.

AFRICAN OEESE.— Pure-bred African
geese. A few ptiirs for sale, also Bro-
ken Haired Bassett hound pups. Miss
A. WOKTHINGTON, Ivy Depot, Va.

FOR SALE— 'Trio Toulouse Geese;

1901 hatch, or will exchange for trio

good M. Bronze Turkeys.

DAVID W. LEARY, Mattoax, Va.

1903.]

THE SOUTHERN PLANTER.

659

Market Toppers for Sale, Low.

Lot fine Res. Angus bull calves, five
to six mos,, $75.

Lot g grade Angus heifers coming 2
years. Sate in calf by Reg. Angus
bull. Price, 61c. per pound.

1 Bull Calf coming 4 mos., out of fine
Hereford cow, by Reg. Angus bull. $40

Lot i grade Angus heifers, coming
1 year. Price, 6c. per pound.

One 12 mos. old Reg. Angus heifer.
$100.

One first class black mare mule, 7
years old; wgt. 1.200. Very quick and
active. $150. Cheap at $200.

One fine Dorset-Shropshire ram
lamb, five mos., wgt. 75 pounds. $8.

Pure white Plymouth Rock Cock-
erels, each $1.

Pure Silver Lace Wyandotte Cock-
erels, each $1.

W. M. WATKINS & SONS,

Charlotte county. Randolph, Va.

ANGUS BULL CALVES

SIRED BY THE
CKampion Bull BARON IDA.

These calves are choice individuals.

ENGLISH SETTER PUPS.
Sire and dam prize winners.
WARREN RICE, Winchester, Va.

5 finely bred registered

Aberdeen Angus Heifers

For sale at a bargain. 2 are 17 mos.
old; 2 are 6 mos. old, and 1 is S mos.
old. C. P. & J. BUTTON,

Walker's Ford, Va.
Lavteel Hili, Farm.

A NOTE IN PASSING.

"Yes," said the bandmaster, "we do
have troubles with our musicians
sometimes.

"Once we were engaged to play at a
funeral. Our notice was very short,
so we had no rehearsal. We reached
the cemetery without any mishap, but
there something happened. We were
to play a solemn measure while the
body was being lowered into the grave.
Only a few instruments were needed.
I was slowly and solemnly swinging
my baton, the spectators were silently
weeping, when suddenly the trombone
gave a loud, long blast, enough to
wake the dead. Some of the mourn-
ers fainted, the players stopped in con-
sternation, and I jumped over chairs
and racks to where the trombonist, a
dull, heavy German, sat, stolidly gaz-
ing at his music.

" 'What the devil did you mean by
bursting out that way?" I shouted.

"He raised his eyes slowly to mine.

" 'Veil, I vas vatching de music, und
just den a horse-fly got on de paper. I
fought he vos a note, und I blayed
him. Dat was all, ain't it?" — October
Lippincott's.

Splendid Registered

ANGUS BULL

Age 17 mos., thoroughly tick proof
(immune), for sale. Price. $250. Also
a beautiful 5 mos. ANGUS HEIFER.
No kin to bull, for $50. Write for
breeding, etc. C. A. WILLIAMS,

Ringwood, N. C.

riontebello Herd

Aberdeen Angus Cattle

Reg. buU calves; also lirst class BERK-
SHIRE PIGS of Biltmore strain, for sale
by L. H. GRAY, Lock box 58, Orange,Va.

PRINCE RUPERT.
Mr. E. G. Butler, of Annefield Farms,
breeder of Herefords and Berkshires,
sends us a handsome lithograph of his
celebrated stock bull. Prince Rupert.
Mr. Butler has every reason to be
proud of this bull, not only for his
past record, but for his present per-
formances. Look up his advertisements
elsewhere in this issue and send for a
photo of Prince Rupert.

NONE ON HAND.

"Dock" Squires was a queer old
"yarb" doctor of decidedly limited edu-
cation who flourished in New England
a good many years ago. One day some
one said to him:

"See here. Dock, have you any di-
ploma?"

"Wal, no; I ain't got none on hand
just now, but I'm going to dig some
soon as the ground thaws out in the
spring." — October Lippincott's.

DE LAVAI> SEPARATORS.
We are in receipt of a very neat
brochure, printed in colors, giving de-
scriptions and prices of the De Laval
Separator. There is no advertisement
of the De Laval Separator in this issue,
but if any are interested in Cream Sep-
arators, it might be well for them to
write the above company, in New York
city.

THE QUIT EVEN.

A red-headed man met a bald-headed
man on the street one day. The red-
headed man said to the bald-headed
man:

"Huh! there don't seem to have been
much hair where you came from."

"Oh, yes," replied the bald-headed
man, "there was plenty of hair, but it
was all red, and I wouldn't have It." —
October Lippincott's.

Kentucky

Herefords

Headed by the famous

inPORTED BRITISHER

No. 145096 Champion Bull over &11 breeds In
England and Grand Sweepstakes Champion
at Chicago 1902 Live Stools Exposition.

We can turnlsh buyers with anything they
wish from the FANCIEST THAT CAN BH
BRED to the cheaper class usually desired by
the beginner. Write us before buying. Glad
to answer inquiries.

Qiltner Bros., Eminence, Ky.

V.P.I.

Farm Bulletin

We are now offering some choice young
Bulls of the following breeds:

Shorthorn, Hereford, Aberdeen-Angus.

Write at once for pedigrees and prices.

D. 0. NOURSE, Prof, of Agr.
Blacksburg, Va.

HAYFIELDS STOCK FARM HAS

FOR SALE

Seven Registered HEREFORD BULLS S
months old to iVa years. Two Registered
HEREFORD HEIFERS 8 months old and 1
year. Si^ OXFORD OWN BUCK LAMBS.
WM. D. MERRYMAN,

Cockeysville, Md-

nORSETS AND HEREFORDS.

Some Exceptionally Rare Bargains to Quick Buyers.

My herd bull, bull calves and Dorset

bucks. Registered stock.
H. ARMSTRONfi, LANTZ mills, va.

A few fine ENGLISH SET-
TER puppies for sale at very-
reasonable prices.

JOHN A. CLARK,

Malvern Hill, Va.

Scotch Collie Pups

AND

BerKshire Pigs,

For .sale, 1 boar ready for service. Sat-
isfaction guaranteed.

E M. CALL, Emory, Va.

COLLIE PUPS

By Imported Sires. Sable and white and tri-
colors. Prices. $8 to 815. Older ones correspond-
ingly low- Book on Training. 50 cents : Free if
vou buy a Collie. MAPLEMONT STOi K FARM,
Albany, Vermont.

Mention the Southern FUmtar ia
writing.

660

THE SOUTHERN PLANTER.

[October

RED POLLED CATTLE

FOR SALE

One exti-a fine, pure-bred Bull
calf, 5 mos. old, out of 18082
Constance, bj that grand sire,
Flotilla 6225.

Also, one 9 mos. , t grade bull,
a fine animal, excellent for gra-
ding up, and will knock the
horns off every time, address

PIERSON BROS., Summit,
Spotsylvania Co., Va.

Swift Creek Stock and Dairy Farm

IB

Has for sale a large num-
ber ot nice vouug regii-
tererl A. J. C. C.

JERSEY BULLS
AND HEIFERS.

None better bred In the South. Combining
closely the moat noted and up-to-date blood
In America. Bulls 10 to 12 months old, J25:
Heifers, same age, |35. POLAND CHINA
PIGS, Jd each. Send check and get what
}0U want.

T. P. BRASWELL. Prop." Battleboro. N. C.

FOR SALE — A NO. 1 REG. HERE-
FORD BULL, 7 months old, well
marked, weighing over 500 Iba.
Address \VM. C. STUBBS,
Sassafras P O . Gloucester Co., Va

ST. OMER HERD

Offers young bulls fit for service, out of
tested dams with good yearly records. Strong
In E.Nile of St. L., King of St. L. and Stoke
Pogis of Prospect. Reasonable prices.

JOS. T. HOOPBS, Bynum, Md.

Aryshires, Berkshires and Oxford-Downs.

Ayrshire Calves of both sexes, Berkshire
Pigs and Boar and 2 Oxford- Down Rams for
sale. .MELROSE CASTLE FARM,

Enos H. Hess. Manager, Casanova, Va.

j«^ ANGORA GOATS ^^<

WANTED. We desire to purchase 25 to
50 does, also the same number of does
with liids by their .sides. Write us
stating lowest cash price.

FOXHALI. FARM, Norfolk. Va

Purebred
ANGORA BUCK

2 years' old, for sale. Price §1'0 f, o. b,
Howardsville, Va.

C. H. NOLTING, Medlock, Va.

FOR SALE.— MY REG. ANGORA
"Gilbert of Aganaw'' 4 years old, and
as good as anybodys goat. Must sell
to avoid inbreeding. Price $25 00
f. o. b., South Bopton, Va.

W. W. STOCKWELL, South Boston, A a.

ANGORA GOATS "l^T.irk^'}lZ%'lr.

cular address E. W. COLE & CO., Big Clifty, Ky.

POULTRY FENCE.
New advertisers in this issue are
Chase Bros., of Colchester. Ct. They
make a specialty of M. M. S. and Union
Lock Poultry Pence. Look up their
advertisement and send for interesting
circulars, etc.

A LIMIT TO ALL THINGS.

He had been away on a long journey,
and upon his return his wife was de-
tailing to him a number of reforms
and improvements which she had suc-
cessfully engineered during his ab-
sence.

"And you know," she said, "that
closet that was locked for over a
month and which you said couldn't be
opened except by a locksmith? Well,"
—triumphantly — "I opened it."

"Well, well, how in the world did
you do It?"

"With a hairpin."

"And the furnace door," she con-
tinued, "has been slopping around on
one hinge for ever so long just because
you were too lazy to fix it, but it's all
right now."

"Well, I'm glad you had it fixed."

"Had it fixed! I fixed it myself—
with a hairpin."

"And then there's that crayon por-
trait of mother that stood in the cor-
ner for almost six solid weeks because
you never would bring me any picture
hooks "

"Well, I intended to, but — "

"Oh. 'but!' Well, it don't make any
difference now; I got it up with a hook
I made myself — out of a hairpin."

"Ye gods!" he said.

"And there's Willie; you've been
coaxing him and bribing him for a
year, trying to break him ot biting his
nails, and I broke him In a week."

"With a hairpin?" he inquired
weakly.

"No!" she snapped, "don't be a
goose! With a hair hrush!" — Truman
Roberts Andrews, in October Lippin-
cott's.

JACKS AND JENNETS,
Our friends. W. E. Knight & Co.. of
Nashville, Tenn., start up the season's
advertising with this issue. Jacks and
Jennets are their specialty, and any
one interested should send for circu-
lars giving description of their offer-
ings.

CASTALIA HEREPORDS.
Mr. Murray Boocock. owner of the
Castalia Herofords, writes us regard-
ing his present offering as follows:
"I have a very choice lot of bulls for
sale, from 18 to 20 months old, ready
for service, at prices which cattlensen
can afford to pay because the return on
the money investment is quick and
sure. I am offering these bulls at only
a little over calf prices to meet the de-
mand for Registered Hereford year-
ling bulls at a low price. The present
offering is one of the most useful lots
I ever had. They are all rugged,
thrifty, blocky fellows, and backed by
the best of breeding."

WARE VIEW FARM,

GLOUCESTER, VA.

= OFFERS FOR SALE =

3 large Berkshire Boars :

Beau of Biltmore,

Columbiana's Mason, and

Bob Loomis, Jr.

Will be priced low, also about 100
head of extra fine Boar and Sow pigs by
the above Boars and out of the beet
Sows. Entitled to registry. Price, $12
each, or 3 for $30, Send stamp for reply.
R S. CAHERON & SON, Props.

RERKSHIRES

ANNEFIELD HERD

Represents the

Finest Blood Lines

in Englandror America.

Stock for sale at all times.

Correspondence Solicited.

Inspection Invited.

EDW. G. BUTLER, Annelield Farms,

Briggs, Clarke Co., Va.

CHOICE YOUNG

BERKSHIRES

of Both Sexes, for Sale.

By Hlghclere Topper of Biltmore II, out of
Imported Harlene.

Miniborya Farm, Box 901 , Richmond, Va,

Southdown aad
Hampshiredown

."^heep and Lam bs
FOR SALE ; also ESSEX pigs. For
prices, apply to L G. JONES,

Bethania, N. C.

BERKSHIRES

We ofier some extra choice young boars,
entitled to registry. These are particu-
larly nice pigs, in fact they are "tops,"
and we sei.i. only 'tops." Let me have
your inquiries and orders.
H.\WKSLKY .. J. T. OLIVER,
Stock F.*rii, Allen's Level, Va.

Poland Chinas, Cheater Whites and
Mammoth Bronze Turkeys at Far-
mers prices

S. M. WISECARVER,

Rustburg, Va.

1903.]

THE SOUTHERN PLANTER

661

6 Scotch Topped

SHORT HORN BULL CALVES

6 Scotch Topped SHORT HORN Bull Calves
3 to 15 months old; reds and roans; sired by
Verbena's Champion No. 1298S1, and Royal
Chief No. 183432, and he by imp. Royal Stamp
No. 146662. Poland China Spring pigs, good
ones, sired by Coler's Perfection No. 6S105.
Pedigrees furnished with all stock sold.

Corae or write your wants.

WM, T. THRASHER, Springwood, Va.

ELLERSLIE FARM :>«--
Thoronghb ''ed Horses

AND SHORTHORN CAHLE,

Pure Sonthdo'wn Sheep
and Berks *> ire Pig».

FoK Sale. R. J. HANCOCK & SON,
Charlottesville, Va.

COOK'S CREEK HERD

Scotch-Topped
Shorthorns^*^

Herd Headed by Governor Tyler, 1.58.'>4.S.
Young Bulls for sale. Inspection and corres-
pondence invited.

HEATWOLE & SUTER, Dale Enterprise, Va.

Q-uietucle

SHORTHORNS

FOR SALE.

1 vearling bull, 3 buU calves 2 twoyear-old
heifers bred to a pure Scotch bull, 8 yearling
heifers and a few cows. This stock is first class
and in excellent couditlon. Write to or come
to see T. J. THOMPSON, Swoope, Va

PURE BRED

Short Horn Calves

from fine Stock. Also

Yorkshire Pigs

of very Prolific Breed.

JAS n. HOQE, Hamilton, Va.

Only a Few of My

SHROPSHIRES

Reg

left, and they MUST go by Jan,
1st, as I am discontinuing farming

I oflfer 1 yearling ram, 1 2-yr. old ram, 2 ram
lambs, 2 ewes aged 4 and G yrs. at a bargain.

Write at once. H. R. GRAHAM, Barclay, Md.

0. I. C PIGS

O.LC.

SSKXSS* FROn REG. STOCK.
FOR SALE. PRICES RIQHT.
F. S. MICHIE, Charlottesvirie, Va.

C. Whites. Fine large
strains. All ages, mated
not a in, » week, pigs.

Bredsows. Service boars __

and Poultry. Write for prices and free circular.
P. F. HAMILTON. CochranvUle, Chester Co., Pa.

HOG REMEDY.
All readers of this paper are familiar
at least with the advertisement of the
Haas Hog Remedy, by Dr. Joseph Haas,
of Indianapolis. Among them are very
many who have regularly for many
j'ears relied upon it to wara off aud
cure the swine plague. It is enough
to say of it that Dr. Haas' remedy has
been on constant trial for twenty-
seven years by the hog raisers of this
country. It would long ago have
passed out of mind if it had not proven
efiective. Readers should note the
striking difference between Dr. Haas'
guarantee and those ordinarily given.
The common form is a promise to re-
fund the money paid if not satisfac-
tory. Dr. Haas goes further. The
remedy not only costs nothing, but
where his plan of treatment Is follow-
ed, he agrees to pay the market price
for all hogs that may die. This guar-
antee, coming from a man financially
responsible, amounts to something to
hog raisers, whose chief hazard is the
dreaded cholera. The book "Hogology"
mentioned in the advertisement else-
where develops fully the Haas plan.
A ropy will be mailed free to all of our
readers who request it

TOO SMALL FOR ITS AGE.

A gentleman who had employed an
old colored carpenter to do a piece of
rather delicate cabinet work for him
was pleased beyond his expectations
with the result.

Wishing to show his satisfaction, he
— after paying the price the old man
asked — took from the sideboard a bot-
tle of extraordinary fine whiskey that
had just been sent him and poured a
little into a glass.

"Uncle," he inquired, "have you ever
tasted any whiskey fifty years old?"

"No. sah, I never has," replied the
old darky, his voice trembling with
anticipation.

"Well, try that, then," said his em-
ployer, handing his the glass, "and tell
me what you think of it."

The old fellow received it rever-
ently, took one sip, and raised his
eyes in ecstasy.

"Oh, sah! dat am sho'ly de fines'
bev'rage ris chile evah taste. But,"
with an anxious glance at the . very
slight quantity in the glass, "don't you
tink, sah, it am jus' a little small for
its age!"

It is, perhaps, needless to add that
this gentle criticism had the desired
effect. — October Lippincott's.

A FAMILY NAME.

The teacher of a county school asked
his pupils, one day. if any of them
could tell him who Joan of Arc was.

The question was followed by pro-
found silence. Some of the pupils
stared at the teacher, and some turned
and stared at one another, as if seek-
ing the information in the faces around
them.

Finally a boy burst out with:

"O, yes, I know — she was Noah's
wife." — October Lippincott's.

WANTED TO BUY A FEW HEAD YOUNG
CATTLE, south of James river and east of
Roanoke, .'Shorthorns or grades preferred will
also buy a few Angora goats. Address '"W"
care of this office.

RAISE SQUABS:

more profitable than poultry The fa
moii.sP.R strain. Prices of breeders on
application. E. C. JOHNSON,
Mana.ssas, Va.

^WOODLAND DORSETS.

QNE of our customers writes: "My saleB of
fi Fo^,'^^v°°"''* winter lambs run this year:
flrst 87 head brought $870; then prices de-
clined somewhat. I am looking for another
good Dorset ram." Woodland Dorsets are
standard m excellence.
J. B. WING & BROS., Mechanicsburg, Ohio.

"Crop Growing
and Crop Feeding."

By Prof. W. f. Massey.

383 Pp. Cloth, $r. 00; Paper, 50c.

We offer this splendid work In connec-
tion with the SOUTHERN PLANTER
at the following prices:

Southern Planter and Cloth

Bound Volume, $1.25.
Southern Planter and Paper

Bound Volume, 90c.
Old or new BUbscriptloai.

The RICHMOND, FREDERICKSBURG

and POTOMAC R. R.
and WASHINGTON SOUTHERN R'Y

Form the Link connecting the
Atlantic Coast Line R. R.,
Baltimore and Ohio R. R.,
Cliesapeake and Ohio R'y,
Pennsylvania R. R.,
l>eaboard Air Line R'y
and Southern R'y.

Between aO points, via Richmond, Va.

Fast Mall, Passenger and Bxpreu Ronte be-
tween Richmond, Frederlcksburi:, AlexaB-
drla, Washington, Baltimore, Phlladelphlt,
New York, Boston, Pittsburg, Buffale and All
Points North. East and West.

W. P. TAYLOR, Traffic Manager, Richmond, Va.

A neat Binder for your back num-
bers can be had for 25 cents. Address
our Business Office.

Mention the Southern Planter wh«n
corresponding with advertiser!.

662

THE SOUTHERN PLA>:TER.

[October

EMILY'S CHARGE.
(A Serial Tale by Mary Washington.)

CHAPTER IV.

Emily now began to turn her atten-
tion to their '•landed estate," as she
called the little tract of land bequeath-
ed by her Aunt Melissa. At first she
had thought ot selling it, but on second
thought it flashed over her mind. "Why
should we be wanderers anil homeless
when we have even this little foothold
to serve us as a home?" The more
she thought of it the more she liked
the idea of living in thfir own little
cottage, among the giand mountains,
green meadows and clear streams of
a pastoral country, and she finally re-
solved that if she could see any reason-
able prospect of maintaining herself
and the children, she would make hor
home there. But she determined to
go there first herself and thoroughly
examine the surroundings and pros-
pects, for though her relatives called
her Quixotic, she was by no means
rash. She found the cottage occupied
by a respectable couple, who had been
living there for several years to take
care of the place. The cottage was
quite tasteful and comfortable, con-
taining four rooms, and having a porch
overrun by honey suckle and climbing
roses. There was also a good building
in the yard, containing two comfort-
able rooms, intended for a kitchen and
servants' room. There were twenty
acres attached to the cottage, of which
ten were In cultivation, and the re-
mainder consisted of wood land. There
was a nice little orchard of peach and
pear trees, as well as several rows of
choice grape vines, for Aunt Melissa
had a talent for making herself and
friends comfortable, and had planted
out such fruit as would bear during
the season she was there. Mr. and
Mrs. Wheeler, the couple in charge of
the place, had kept it in good order.
They were plain people, but practical,
Industrious and kind hearted. Mr.
Wheeler owned a small tract of land
adjoining the cottage tract, and by
tilling this, he made a frugal living.
They seemed, providentially placed
where they were for the help and pro-
tection of the orphans. Emily hasten-
ed to engage them to remain, arrang-
ing for them to move into the outbuild-
ing when she was ready to occupy the
cottage. Finding that Mr. Wheeler
understood the culture of vegetables,
she proposed that he should raise
these on her land and market them to
the neighboring watering place, to-
gether with the fruit from the litrle
orchard her aunt had so providentially
planted. The watering place afforded
a very good market for such products
from Jtine to September.

But although her path seemed to
grow a little clearer before her. Emily
knew it would not do to depend en-
tirely on the prospect ot a little
marketing during four months of the
year, so before making her final de-
cision to settle at the cottage, she set
to work to ascertain what were her
prospects for getting a school In that
neighborhood the ensuing session.

THE FOUR MONTHS OUTLINED IN THE ILLUSTRATION,

Are the ones mostlv feared for intense cold. Whv not prepare for same
and purchase a LEHMAN CARRIAGE AND SLEIGH HEATER?
They will keep you comfortably warm at a cost of 2 cents per day,
burning LEHMAN COAL, from which there is no smoke, smell nor
danger. The fact that 200.000 of our heaters are in use, plainly show
that they are FULLY as REPRESENTED, and they are guaranteed to
be the BEST HEATER money and skilled labor can put together. They
are known everywhere as the STANDARD, and are in use by the LEAD-
ING HORSEMEN, who highly recommend them.

Write for circular with price list. Your local carriage, harness
or hardware dealer sells our goods.

LEHMAN BROS., MFRS.. J. W. ERRINGER, Gen. W. Sales Agt.,

10 Bond St., New York, 45 E, Congress St., Chicago.

Reg. HOLSTEIN-FRIESIAN

CATTLE of the Netherland, De Kol, Clothilde, Pietertje

and Artis families. Heavy milkers aud rich in butter

fat. Stock of all ages for sale.

RcP' BHRICSMIRES From noted strains. Imported Headlight, Lord
^* — Highclere and Sunrise.

DORSET SHEEP=^

B. PLYMOUTH ROCK CHICKENS,

N. Jk W. and Southern E. R. T. O. SANDY, Burkevllle, Va,

WE OFFER

a few well-bred registered Jersey g
Bull and heifer Calves at $30 each.
2 They are four months old and from best strains of this
ti breed ; also a few young Berkshire boars large enough
)* for service at $15 each, and pigs eight weeks old at $6
S each — by pair or trio, not akin,

I M. B. ROWE & CO., - Fredericksburg, Va

When corresponding with oar advertisers always mentiOD the
Southern Planter.

1903.]

THE SOUTHEKN PLANTER.

663

Those proving favorable, she made up
her mind to try living at the cottage
for one year at least, and if she could
not sustain herself there, to sell it and
make such other arrangements as the
emergency seemed to call for. She
then returned to her old neighborhood
for the winter, thinking it best to wait
until spring before making a move.
AH their friends and neighbors opened
their doors to the orphans with whole-
souled hospitality, and under the roof
of kind entertainers, they lingered a
few months longer, in sight of their
old home. Mr. Crawford, the creditor
into whose hands "Soldiers' Joy" had
passed, was not a stranger to Emily,
he and his family having frequently
visited in the neighborhood in her
childhood. His son, Allan Crawford,
to whom he intended giving the place,
had been a playmate of hers, and she
had a pleasant recollection of the
frank, manly boy. He called to renew
their acquaintance a few days after
taking possession of "Soldiers' Joy,"
and seemed greatly emba.rrassed. His
kindly nature was pained at the idea
of turning a young woman out of her
home, and this chivalrous feeling was
strengthened when he saw into what
a lovely and charming young woman
his former playmate had developed.
Emily, on her part, took much pleasure
in renewing the friendship of childisli
years, and he brightened up the quiet
winter by many acts of kindness .and
attention to herself and the young
ones under her charge.

When the spring fairly opened Emily
began to prepare for their departure
Her friends all tried to dissuade her,
be.gging her to remain and divide her
time amongst them, but her resolii
tion to go was unalterable. While the
rest were voluble in expersing their
regrets, Allen alone was so silent and
constrained as to appear almost un-
friendly. A few days before their de-
parture, one sweet April evening, when
all nature had awakened, after the
cold and snows of winter, with a new,
lovely and serene life, Emily strolling
on the lawn, saw Allan approach her.
He held in his hand a bouquet of spring
flowers, hyacinths, lilies of the valley,
and white violets gathered from the
flower beds of her dear old home. They
brought so many memories rushin.g
over her that it was several moments
before she could speak. Allan, too
seemed equally agitated.

"Dear Emily." said he, "I have come
to beg you to return to these flowers.
and to the old home. It seems so hard
and cruel and unnatural for you to
go away from them. I feel like
Interloper, taking possession of these
things, and you going away to buffet
and struggle with the world."

"But, my friend," replied Emily,
"you are too chivalrous and tender
hearted. It is morbid in you to blame
yourself, or feel badly about our old
home having passed into your posses
siin."

"I do not ask you to return for ihis
reason," cried he, passionately, "but
because I love you, and want you to be

.HEREFORD CATTLE.

Service Bulls; Imported Salisbury 760.o9 (19083), a grand-
son if the famous Grove 3d 2490, and a descendant of the]
world renowned Lord Wilton -1057 from the 4th generation.

Snowball, the dam of Salisbury, is now in the herd of His
INIajesty King Edward VII.

Lars, Jr., is by Lars of Western fame and his dam is Judy out of a Sir Richard
2nd cow This makes a great combination of the Grove 3d, Lord Wilton, Anxiety,
Peerless Wilton and Sir Richard 2nd strains. No better breeding in the world today.

FOR SALE— Yearling bulls by above sires. WANTED— Reg. Hereford heifers, 18
to 24 months old, not bred; will exchange bulls for heifers of equal quality.

Write your needs or call and make your own selection.

MURRAY BOOCOCK, Owner, Keswick, Alb. Co.,Va. ^S^'S^^^^^^.^S^^:

Bacon Hall Farm.

Hereford.REGiSTERED Cattle

'TOP" BREEDING, |CALVES:NOTaAKIN.
MOTTO— Satisfaction or no sale.

E. M. GILLET & SON,

Qlencoe, Haryland.

VIRGINIA HEREFORDS.

Herd headed by the Champion

PRINCE RUPERT, 79539.

Correspondence Solicited. Inspection Invited.

EDWARD G. BUTLER,

Annefield Farms. BRIGGS, Clarke Co., Va.

PRINCE RUPERT. 79,,->39

BARGAINS IN HEREFORDS.

To reduce our herd, we are offering a goodly
number of registered bulls and heifers ; not akin —
at reasonable prices. (Telephone connection.)
STONEHURST FRUIT & STOCK FARM,

Fluvanna Co. - = = - Union Mills, Va

ROSEMONT HEREFORD

ACROBAT~68460,

Assisted by M.\RQUis of Salisbuky|16th 138894, the^.best

son of Imported Salisbury. Correspondence ''l\%.,':

solicited. Visitors welcome.

C. E. CLAPP. Berryville, Clarke Co., Va.

RCUaSfcT 6QA6a.

When corresponding with our advertisers always mention the
Bouthern Planter.

664

THE SOUTHERN PLANTER

[October

my wife."

Emily was startled beyond the power
of replying at first. It had never oc-
curred to her to look on Allan as even
a possible lover. Wltli eloquent plead-
ings he continiie<l to lay his suit before
her, not forgetting to assure her that
he would provide for her brother and
sister, as if they were his own.

Blushing, trembling and confused,
Emily hardly knew what to say, or
even what to think at first, but at
length she told him that while she had
a warm friendship for him, she could
not return the friendship he txpressed.

He refused, however, tn take this as
a final answer, especially after draw-
ing from her the avowal that there was
no other attachment in the: -vay, and at
length she agreed to defer iUving her
final answer for three day?. Those
three days were momentous ones to
them both. There were many consid-
erations that pleaded strongly in
Allan's favor. He was a man she es-
teemed. He had no bad habits, no
ignoble traits. From a worldly point
of view it was a desirable match, one
which would cut short the perplexities
and struggles of her existence. Then
his brotherly spiril towards Walter
and Alice, ai'd his generous offer to
provide for them, exerted a strong
feeling of gratitude in her mind.
Again, the idea of returning to ner
o]f. ]\hme was a strong inducement.
Tn short, there was everything to plead
for him except one, and that was the
voice of her heart— that unruly mem-
ber which can neither he persuaded
nor forced. She liked Allen, but with
the liking any one inii?ht have for any
friend not with the sense of thorough
companionship, the deep and snlitle
sympathy, the exquisite tenderness
that a woman feels towards a man
whom she loves with the strongest and
deepest love in human life. Allan
was not the fortunate prince who had
succeeded in breaking through the
thorn hedge, penetrating to the ?)alace
of the sleeping beauty and awakenin;.'
her. Emilv'e; heart was slumbeving
yet. She did not love Allan and she
felt that she could never accord iiim
more than a quiet, friendly regard, and
she felt that she would do him an in-
justice to marry him, and let him lav-
ish his devotion on her. when she could
only make so inadequate a return. On
the day appointed for her final an-
swer Allan, after a long interview
with Emily, went away sadly, pain and
disappointment stamped on his frank,
manly face. I will anticipate the
course of my narrative by telling my
readers that he did not here relinquish
his suit, but twice in the course of '.be
next few years wrote and renewed 1 is
offer to Emily. As her answer, how
ever, did not vary from her first one
he gradually settled down into a stead
fast friendship for his old playn.ate
a fact which spoke well for them both

It seemed Emily's fate to be always
making decisions and taking steps
that other people regarded as Quix-
otic, and the last seemed to cap the
climax. With an alternate sign and

ARMOUR'S BLOOD MEALTcMr

First proved by the Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station, and sines

corroborated by thousands of leading stockmen who have used it without

a single failure. Equally effective for the diarrhea of all animals.

PREVENTS weak bones, paraljsis of the hind legs and "thumps"

in pigs; "big head" of foals; "rickets" of all young animals;

abortion due to incomplete nutrition, and a host of other troubles.

A Potent Food for Work Horses, Dairy Cows, Poultry.

Writeus for booklet g^iving valuable Information about Blood Meal and our
other feeding products. Consult us free of charge regarding stock diseases.

THE ARMOUR FERTILIZER WORKS,
Chicago. Omaha. Baltimore. Atlanta. Jacksonville.

LARGE ■li

POLAND=
..CHINAS.

Closely related to such noted hogs
as Anderson's Model, Ideal Sunslmie and IF. B. Tecumselt.

Ohoice pigs, boars and bred sows. SHORTHORN bull and
heifer calvej. Choice stock at farmer's prices.
Write for prices and testimonials.

J. F. DURRETTE, BIrdwood, Albemarle Co., Va.

POLAND-
CHINAS.

I have a limited number of pigs by
my fine boars Gray's Big Chief, 57077;

QRAY'S BIG CHIEF, 57077.

nd Victor G, -^7075, and can furnish pairs not akin or related to those previously
purchased. Young boars and sows of all ages Send to headquarters and get the
l)estlrom the oldest and largest herd of Poland-Chinas in this State at one-half
Western prices. Address J. B. GRAY, Fredericksburg, Va.

SLIPSHUGK

CUDCri with a machine built especially for
OllIVLiU southern trade. Built for the pur-
pose. The only machine of
the kind. Shreds fin*,
does not husk. Price two=
J, naRT" ^^^y^-^lAX /; \ thirds that of huskers. A

n J^^^^™^^g^L_V_^ton of Keystone fodder is
^^^V' sM-^'^EJ^^ 11°°*'''*=' worth a ton of the best hay.
BUILD L '

the largest line of Huskers and Shredders of any manufacturer, also a
full line of Horse Powers, Jacks, Com Shellers, Hay Balers, Mowers,
Seeders, Rakes, Loaders and Disc Harrows. _..„ .,^,,„^^.,., ^^
Send for Catalogue and Prices. THE KEYSTONE CO.

ESTABLISHED SO YEARS. STERUIPiia, IL,L,.

1903.]

THE SOUTHERN PLANTER.

665

Follow My Plan and Get Pay For All Losses

Hog raisers take absolutely no risk when they use Haas' Hoe: Remedy, as in case ol lo:
pay for all hogs that die at the'hlghest market prices. Write for full particulars. Twenty-
seven years' unprecedented success. Don't waste time and money experimenting with
cheap "stock foods" which are made almost entirely of the food" stuffs raised on every
farm, and contain no medicinal properties whatever. The hog needs a medicine and the
cheapest and most effective is Haas' Hog Remedy. Unequalled as a preveutive of disease,
conditioner and growth promoter and the biggest money maker for hog raisers known.

Prices: 25-lb. can, 812 60; l^J^-o-lb. can, 86.50, prepaid; pkgs , S;2.n0, Sl.2o and 50 cents
each. Nime genuine without my signature on package or can label.

=H[Oa BOOK FREE=

"HOGOLOGY," my book about hogs, will be sent FREE to any one who mentions
Southern Planter when asking for it. One hundred pages, fully illustrated, practical and
complete. Invaluable to every swine raiser desiring the largest possible profits from
hog raising. jqS. HAAS, V. S. Indianapolis, Ind.

the Remedy not only costs nothing, but I

TRADE MARK.

smile, Emily reflected on the coinci-
dence of this kind that had occuned
since her mother's death, and wonder-
ed if it would be always so, if when-
ever anything that the world called ad-
vantageous presented itself, there
would be some internal barrier that
forbade her to avail herself of it.
These barriers seemed unreal, shadowy
and fanciful to most people, but to her
they were so real and strong as to be
simply insurmountable.

(To be Continued.)

GOOD HOUSEKEEPING.

TO PUT Vl> CORN IN THE SHUCK.

When there is danger of an early
frost and you have a good supply of
corn in the garden or field, a quick and
easy way of preserving it for use is
valuable. I have tried this one re-
peatedly, and with success always.
Gather the ears before they are at all
hard, and take off tlTe shuck, leaving
one layer to pro'tect the grains. Pa'^k
these closely in a clean, water tight
cask, until they are within a few
inches of the top, then weight it all
down with a piece of plank and a
stone. Pour over this a brine that will
float an egg, shut it up and use just as
you do the new corn. If the brine
weakens, you can add a little salt.

TO CAN CORN,

Cut the grains from the ears with a
sharp knife, being careful to select
only the soft tender ears. Weigh and
put it into a kettle with enough water
to cover it. Boil ten minutes and thevi
mix Into every ten pounds one ounce
of tartaric acid, fill your glass jars very
full and screw on the top while it is
boiling hot. When you cook this take
it out of the can at least two hours be-
fore you need it and cover it with
fresh water, letting it soak that long;
then pour off the water and use in any
way that you use other kinds of canned
corn. You will never lose a can it you
use the acid, and it is perfectly harm-
less if the directions are followed.

API'LE FLOAT.

Select for this kind of float large,
acid apples. Wash them and put them
into a new pan with a small quantity
of water, and let them bake thoroughly.
Then scoop out the pulp, being careful

BERK5HIRES.

Mr. H. F. Stratton of Erin, Houston
Co.. Tenn., writes me on Aug. 15th 1903:

"The little pig just received is a beauty,
I am delighted with him— wouldn't take
twice twenty dollars for him. He is thor-
oughly patrician. I expect great things
from him at the head of my herd of Royal Berkshires."

So send to Thos. S. White for patrician pigs rather than buy plebeians for a little
less, do not be "penny wise and pound foolish," and especially in thoroughbreds.
I have had 13 sows to farrow in past few days with over 20 more nearly due, order
promptly for fall shipments, I never have enough to go round.

Short Horn (Durham Cattle) for sale. Write for particulars.

THOS. S. WHITE, Fassifern Stock Farm, Lexington, Va.

Hill Top Stock Farm.

BERKSHIRE HOGS and
SOUTHDOWN SHEEP

=^A 5pecialty.== ,ii|'!!

S. Brown AUen, who succeeds H. A. S. ^%));p)!'f^j^
Hamilton & Co. in the ownership and man-
agement of this celebrated Stock Farm, with increased faciUties, will make a
specialty of breeding Berkshire Hogs and Southdown Sheep, without regard to cost
from the purest and most roval strains of imported blood,

SOUTHDOWN BUCKS.

I have a few Southdown Bucks that cannot be excelled in this country, for sale.
We have swept premiums on thi.s stock for fifteen years over all competitors at
Fairs in this and adjoining States

S. BROWN ALLEN, Staunton, Virginia, (Succe.ssor to H. A. S. Hamilton & Co )

We Are Still in the Business.

"HILL TOP" stock at Shadwell, Va.

Having changed our residence, we brought with us and have for
sale a choice lot of HILL TOP stock.

Jersty Cattle, Southdown and Shropshire Sheep,
Berkshire Hogs and B. B. R. Game Chickens.

Our Berkshire Pigs are now closely sold up, but we will have a fine lot ready to ship
after September We will be glad to serve our old friends and are always glad to
make new ones.

We have won more premiums on sheep and hogs at State and County Fairs
than all other breeders in Virginia combined.

H. A. S. HAMILTON & SONS, Shadwell, Va.

666

THE SOUTHERX PLANTER.

[October

not to carry any of the seed or core
with it, and to a quart of this put one
full cup of sugar, a little nutmeg and
let it get very cold. Now beat very
light the whites of four eggs, and have
on the stove a large pan of boiling
water. Slip the eggs on this and let
them stay tor five minutes. They will
cook through without falling, and you
can take them up with a skim, and
beat them into the apples with no
trouble, and you can make your float
in the morning and it will be just as
good as if made later and is far better
than that made with stewed apples and
raw eggs. I always serve float witli
cream seasoned with a teaspoon of
vanilla and sweetened a very little bit

BAKED APPLE DUMPLING.

Peel the apples and cut them from
the core, then put them into a tray and
chop them fine with the meat chopper,
sweeten and season with nutmeg or
grated lemon peel. Make a dough of
one quart of flour, two-thirds of a cup
of lard, one teaspoon of baking powder,
and enough milk to make a stiff douah
Roll this out and cut into pieces about
the size of saucer. Put in a large
spoon of the apples and gather the
edges of the piece together, pinchin'
to make them stay. Arrange the
dumplings in a pan and fill it ha'f f'
of water, springling sugar and nutmeg
over them and boil them for about
an hour. Serve hot with a hard sauce.

S.MCE. — Cream one cup of butter
until light, then stir in gradually three
cups of white sugar, season highl-
with nutmeg and vanilla; beat it hard
for a few minutes, and set it in the
Ice box.

C,\RAMEL PUDDING.

Two cups of damson preserves, one
cup of sugar, half cup of butter. The
yolks of three eggs, a little nutmeg,
half cup of milk, and a teaspoon of
corn starch. Beat the eggs very light
and stir in the other ingredients. Bake
this on a crust, and when done spread
over it a meringue made with the three
whites and six tablespoons of sugar,
seasoned' with vanilla.

HXf.ER CAKE.

Two and a half cups of sugar. Two
and a half cups of syrup — molasses
will do. Five eggs, beaten into the
molasses. One and three-fourths cups
of butter, or half butter and half lard.
Five tablespoons of ginger, one of cin-
namon. Two and a half cups of but-
termilk, with two and a half teaspoons
of soda stirred into it. Ten cups of
flour. Bake In sheets, and it is well
to set one pan into another to prevent
burning, as everything with molasses
in it burns easily. Eat hot with sauce,
or let it get cold for tea.

(iINr;EB .SAUCE.

Three cups of sugar, three cups of
water, boil hard for twenty minutes.
One tablespoon of ginger and teaspoon
of cinnamon and a half dozen cloves.
Cream a large tablespoon of butter
with a tablespoon of corn starch, and

JERSEY CATTLE.

We have for sale, Young: Cows, Heifers and Young- Bulls,
from cows testing i8 to 24 lbs. ot butter In seven days, and giving
40 to 60 lbs. of milk per day. Also —

LARGE YORKSHIRE PIGS,

The coming bacon breed. Our stock is from the most noted breeders in
England and Canada.

Write for prices. Address —

BOWMONT FARMS. ^^'^r.\..

X

X
X

X CiSMONT DORSETS 8

X

X

X Prices Reasonable.

CISMONT STOCK FARM oifers well developed young
Dorsets of the best blood of England and America.

G. S. LINDENKOHL, Keswick, Albemarle Co., Va.

SUNNY HOME HERD OF

ABERDEEN-ANGUS CATTLE.

Baron Roseboy, 57666, by the great Gay nisckblrd, dam by Eulalles Eric, 2d prlz*
yearling at Columbian Exposition, 1893. heads the herd. Pedigree means only the tracing
of good or bad qualities through several generations. The animals comprising this herd
are direct descendants of the greatest prize-winners of the breed for the past twenty-flve
years. Does this mean anything to you, who . i i.; an animal of this the GREAT-

EST BEEF BREED? If so, come and see thehesi lot of calves we ever bred, or write.

A L. FRENCH, Proprietor, R. F. D 2 , Byrdvllle. Va.

(Note change of P. O. address).
Depot and shipping point, Fitzgerald, N. C, on D. & W. R'y, 24 miles southwest of Dan-
ville. Va.

We

positively guarantee to breed

nd ship the VKKY BEfeT strains of

thoroughbred registered LARGE

ENGLISH BERKSHIRE

Hog.s for LES« MONEY than any other
firm in the U. S., the superiority of our
stock considered Send us your order
and we wiU .satisfy you both in price
and stock. WALTER B. FLEMING,

Proprietor ol the Bridle Creel< Stock Farm, Warrenton. N. C.

TH E OAKS

Has for sale, the grand Shorthorn bull, "Rock Hill Abbotts-
burn" 155113, a grandson of Mary Abbottsburn 7th ; also a nice
lot of Calves, Bulls and Heifers ; 2 Reg. Morgan Colts at a
bargain B. B. BUCHANAN, Bedford City, Va.

When corresponding with our advertisers always mention the
Bouthern Planter.

1903.]

THE SOUTHERN PLANTER.

667

stir it into the sauce just before you
take it off. This is one of the best
cold day desserts I Itnow of.

Caraven.

DOMESTIC RECIPES.
Mrs. N. K. Guthrie.

PICKLKS — HYDEN SALAD.

One gallon chopped cabbage, half
gallon of green tomatoes, one quart of
onions, chopped, four tablespoons of
ground mustard, two of salt, two of
cinnamon, two of celery seed, and one
of black pepper, and one of cloves.
Add half gallon good cider vinegar and
two pounds sugar, and boil for half an
hour.

TO C-\N CREEN CORN.

Gather corn as for present use. Cut
from cob, and to every thirteen meas-
ures of corn add same measure of salt
(one cup of salt to 13 cups of corn).
Cover with water and boil thirty min-
utes and can as any other vegeta1)le or
fruit. When you wish to use the corn,
pour oft' salt water that may be in
can and soak corn one-half an hour in
hot water, and then serve as you would
In summer, for puddings, soup, stews
etc. This recipe for canning corn is
the only one that I have found satis-
factory, and I have tried many in the
past thirty years.

PICKLED PEPPERS.

Take green peppers and cut a slit
the length of one side and remove all
the seeds. Soak in salt water for a
week, remove and wash in fresh watei'
and fill with a mixtures of chopped
stuff, as follows: Cabbage, green toma-
toes, string beans, young cucumbers.
and season the stuffing with cloves,
cinnamon and celery seed, and sew up
the slit. Cover with good vinegar and
cook for twenty-five or thirty minutes.

This cut is not the
machine but sim-
ply shows the man
ner of fastening
the steel rope to
the stUTiip. We
cannot tell you
all about it
here. Our cat-
alogue shows
Full Line of
Stump

PULLS

Yellow Pine Stumps
or Trees.

Our new 2-Horse

Hawkeye

is built for that pur-
pose and does it
rapidly and cheap-
ly;. A machine that
will pull yellow pine
stumps will pull al-
most anything else. It
is being used by many
planters and most of
the leading R. R. and
levee contractors. It
has 3 times the power
of our machines for or-
dinary work and pulls
8 acres at a setting.

Milne Mfg. Co.*

834 Eighth St.,
Monmouth, III.

BERKSHIRE PIGS

of choice breeding, and to make them more desir-
able, they are fine individuals, properly fed; there-
fore they develop well. Write

Forest Home Farm,

Purcellville, - - Virginia.

PICKLED M.A-NfiOES.

Take young canteloupes (just before
frost) about the size of a pint bowl,
cut out a lolje and remove all seeds and
soak in salt water for six weeks. Then
freshen for one night in water and fi!!
with the following mixture: One race
of ginger mashed, white mustard seed,
celery seed, small quantity of black
pepper, one nutmeg grated, onions and
cabbage chopped fine. Stuff each
melon, put the lobes in place, and tie
with a string. Place in a jar and fill
with vinegar, then pour off vinegar and
add to vinegar cracked allspice, cloves
and ginger, and one cup of grated
horse radish and one ounce turmeric
and two pounds sugar. Bring to a
boil and pour over mangoes. For one
gallon jar. The cataloupe pickle
will keep for years, and grows
better with age. I make beautiful and
delightful wine from garden and wild
grapes, but recipes may not be iu sea-
son. One I add for apple wine that is
fine. To one gallon of sweet cider add
three pounds of sugar. Put in open
vessel and allow to ferment, then strain
and put in a corked vessel (.iugs or
bottles, and in tliree months you have
a splendid drink.

NOW IS THE TIME to buy HOLSTEINS from the Ury Farm Herd.

Ury Alwina Count Paul De Kol; De Kol 2nd Butter Boy 3rd No. 2, and Lord Harford De Kol head
our herd. You know their official backing. There is nothing better. 15 bull calres at bargain
prices. Their dams are of the De Kol, Aaggle, Netherland, Pletertje and Clothide strains and are of
the producing kind. The best bulls are sold young; also a few cows and heifers. Choice ENGLISH
BERKSHIRE pigs of the best strains. Before buying, correspond with or visit

THOS. FASSITT & SONS, Sylmar, Md.

Prof. JOHN' Sl'EXCER, Veterin

Agricultural Experiment .Station, says:

Chloro-Naptholeum Dip

Insures the Destructions of Mites. Outbreaks which have come under our notice have
been thoroughly stamped out by dipping in a 2 per cent solution of Chloro Naptholeum Dip."

Tf"you"ve t'ried it vou know how good it is, If you haven't, try It now. One Gallon sent pre-
paid upon receipt of S1..50. money order or check. Booklet free. It caii make money lor you.
F. V. GUNN & CO.. Riciimond, Va., Aqts. Va. & N. C.

The WEST DISINFECTING CO.. Inc., Mfrs.

Do You Snip Apples?

If so, let us call your attention to the California and Oregon apple
boxes,- the coming packages for nice apples, particularly for foreign
shipments. SOUTHSIDE M'F'G. CO., Petersburg, Va.

T STANDS FOe BIG CROPS. ^^'^ 'l^Vmmm.

per a.«Te I'nr ^i-a^s sT, d sosvntr a'd even fllytiibut:-'" ■ ''
lumiiy,danipor dry tcr^inztT^. nothintJ: equals tiie

9l ANIxLELylGrainanJ Fertiizer

Positive force feed for fortilizL-r. grain andprasss.^id. Dr. lis
any depth, perfect reg-ulation. low steel or wood frnme. h uh
wheela with bnad tires. Easy to All and opemte. Light
draft. Investifrate before buyjnp. Write f-^r free catalogue.
(SPAlfGLER BIAUFG. CO.. 501 qUEEN STREET, YORK, PA.

668

THE SOUTHERN PLANTER.

[October

THE "WE" THAT WINS.

A young man employed in a respon-
sible" position by a great corporation
was recently discharged to make room
for another. Surprised and mortified,
he sought an explanation from the
manager of his department. "Will
you kindly tell me why you do not
want me any longer?" he asked.

"Certainly," was the reply; "it is
because you always said 'you' instead
of 'we.' "

"What do you mean?"

"I mean just that! You never said,
'We' should do so and so; or 'WE'
ought to follow out such-and-such a
policy. It was always 'YOU' in re-
ferring to this company, of which you
were a part. In speaking to a fellow-
employee about our business, you
would say 'THEY' (meaning this com-
pany), instead of 'WE.' This lack of
a live personal interest in the success
o£ the concern was expressed in your
actions, no less than by your words. I
should advise you to seek employment
with some company to which you can
refer as 'WE.' "

A common criticism of an ambitioii
young man is: "He acts as if he owned
the concern, and he's only a clerk,"
It is the young man who works as if
he did own the concern who often be
comes the owner in time.

"We're going to pay a dividend of
ten million dollars next month "
proudly remarked an office boy to
waiting visitor in the reception room
of a railway president. That boy's
salary is five dollars a week. He is on
the right track.

But it is necessary to think WE and
act WE every hour of every day, as
well as to say WE. WE means US,
union, solidity, co-operative enthusi
asm. YOU means the other fellows
It's the WE that wins!

HIS EDUCATION WASN'T COM-
PLETE.

No more courteous judge ever pre-
sided at a trial than the venerable
Chief Justice of the New York Court
of Common Pleas, Charles P. Daly.
The story is still told among our New
York lawyers how. on one occasion, a
young attorney, while trying a case,
indulged in considerable vituperation
of his opponent's witnesses, finally go-
ing so far as to answer the court very
sharply when requested to modify his
language.

Knowing tliat Judge Daly was some-
what of a stickler for the dignity of
the judiciary, lawyers and court at-
tendants gazed at the offending attor-
ney in amazement.

There was a long interval of silence.
Finally the judge leaned over the bench
and said, with an ironical smile:

"My young friend, before you are as
old as I am you will have learned that
it is about as well to read Chesterfield
as Blackstone." — Fiiirress.

Itis Never Too Eeite

) get a buBHI at a barBBiii at uo. we are in a iiosition MOW to seU you a

SPLIT HICKORY SPECIAL at $47.50 %^i^ ^

The neason's rush is past, "ant to keen our eipi.risworkiiie. \ou eet the
benefit. 30 Days' Free Trial. " nte r.ir c.t.iio

OHIO CAKKIAGK MFG. CO.. K!u(l,„i Jl. Cln<liinotl. Ohio.

VIRGINIA DIVISION.

Farmers Mutual Benefit Association

A Fire Insurance Association, chartered by the State of Virginia, for
farmers, under an amended and well protected plan.

Insures in counties surrounding and accessible to Richmond, against Fire
and Lightning, only country properly — no stores or unsafe risks. Policy-holders
amply secured — all legitimate losses paid. Average cost per year less than other
plans, and a great saving to farmers. Amount of property now insured, $330,000,
and increasing yearly. Estimated securiey in real and other estate, $750,000.

For further information, address, CHAS. N. FRIEND, General Agent,

MENTION THIS JOUKNA.L. CHESTER, VIRGINIA.

43t3t'Jtxx3tyt3tat'<Jtr:*ytrjc44<<<<<'<^<*<^^^

TKis C\jt

A neat Binder for your bacli num-
bers can be had for 25 cents. Address
our Business Office.

si (INCORPORATED.)

i

$ P.O. Box 949.

A shows a TO ft., 60 bbl. tank tower,
3 12 ft. wheel and pump — operated
^ either by windmill or horse power,
i* erected by us for tne State Reform
ft School at Laurel, Va.
I ir YOU HAVE

i TROUBLE

M with your water supply,

«* write us for advice.

V Artesian Well Drillers.

Z. "Water Supply Contractors.

i ^ ^ ^

:J>t«««xxjcxic>aeje««xxja^^

1903.]

THE SOUTHERN PLANTER

669

5 LBS. !1 DAY i an EXTRAORDINARY GAIN

RocKPORT, Kansas, Nov. 21, 1902.
International Stock Food Co., Minneapolis, Minn.

Dear Sirs: — Your 'international Stock Food" is all you claim for it. We have the
nicest pigs and hogs that we ever had. Tested it on one old sow that was very poor
from suckling pigs. She could hardly make a shadow. We took the pigs away and
fed her "International Stock Food" in her feed and I do really believe that she put on
5 pounds of flesh per day. Yours truly, M. C. JERBY.

^W« Have ThoucaDds of SlmlUr TeatlmonUU aad Will Pa^ Ton $1000 Cash to Prore That Tfa«y Are I?ot Gaanlne aod Un&ollcIt«d.*=^

moD Makes, CotTS, Work Horses, Cattle and Hoos. "INTER.'iATIONAL STOCK FOOD" IW 3 FEEDS \
pared from Roots, Herba, Seeds, and Barts and Won the Highest Medal at Paris Exposition in 1000 a

I addittoD to the regular feed. It ii

lilation so that each (

t High-Class vegutable, medicinal preparatic

Ereat Aid in Growing or Fattening stock be<

nimal obtains more nutrition from the gn
lusual Plan of Growing and Fattening stock. "Inlernatlonal 8toek'Food" can be fed in safety to Horses, Cattle, Sheep, Goats,
Hogs, Colts, Calves, Lambs or Pigs. It if Absolutely Harmless even if taken into the Human System. You insist on eating i

obc fed to stock h

i it increasoB the appetite end Aids Dipestic
We positively guarantee that ii

medicinal ingrcdic

•itb your Own food at every meal. Salt is a stomach tonic
timulatingtonic. Mustard is a remedy for dyspepsia, Vinegar is a diuretic. You ei
cry mouthful of your food, and it is proven that these medicines promote health i

.> Paper. H purifies the Mood, i

;^Cash Gnaranle©" br Fifty ThousanJ Dealpi

dngly and has the larger

r food, anditii
t 'International Stock Pood"
) to keep them in the best possible condit

egetable medicinal i

medicine, Pepper
^ these medicinal ingredients aini
igth for people and impn

erful S
Mth I

anontly strcn^thons tho e

red. "luternatlonal Stock Food'* is s

oof failure. It will mate your Calves or Pigs b«

Chemist can separate all the Different )

WHAT PEOPLE SAY ABOUT miS BOOK.

iHma&TiONAi. STOCK Food Co., H iNiERNaTioNai, Stock Food Co., Odessa, Mo.

Ean Claire. Wis. ■ Dear Sirs: — Your "Interuational Stock Book" duly received.

Dear Sirs:— I received your "International Stock Book" and ■ and it is the best thing of its class that I have ever seen. There is
was more than pleased with it. It is worth more than $10.00 to ^B^ a volume of useful articles in it from start to finish,
me. Very truly yours. RICHARD J. MORRISSEY. g^KStk Respectfully, GEO. W. NDI,!,.

A $300000 STOCK BOOH FREE

IT CONTAINS 183 LARGE ENGRAVINGS OF HORSES, CATTLE, SHEEP, POULTRY, ETC.

Sheep, Goats, Hogs and Poultry.

Artists and Engrarers
Breeds of Horses, Cattle,
I That 7oa Oogbt To Hav*

*^tock Picture *5-Prlnted In Six Bpllltant Colors. Size of the book isCV; hv %% inches. Ueost ns $8iKM) to
non Piseaees, and tellfl how to treat them. It also gives Description, HieioCT and lilnstrationB of the Diffen

- .. „ - - , JDS Lifo EngTavingB of many Tory n*ted Animals, and also testimonials. The Editor flf This Paper Will Tell

XMb Stock Book In Tour Library For P.eferenco. ^It Contains a Finely llluctrated Veterinary Department That Will S:ive Yon Hundreds of Dollars.

WE WILL MAIL IT TO YOU ABSOLUTELY FREE, jKiTPostage Prepasd.
We Will Pay Too $T0.00 Cash it book &s not as described. Write oa Bt once, letter or postal card, and ahsweb these 2 quKSTIOffS:

1st.— Name This Paper. Sd.— How Mncb Stock Have Youf

Wo Employ Over 300 People and have
BandredB of Thousands of Testimonials.
Refer to Any Bank in Minneapolis.

INTERNATIONAL STOCK FOOD CO.. Minneapolis, Minn., U.S. A.

Laigost Stock Food Factory in tho Wo>ld.

Capital Paid in. $1,000,000.
600.000 Foe t of Space in Our New Factory.

THE REAL THING.

Vir.ginia Rosamond Josephine, our
pretty colored maid from the Souin,
is the proud possessor of a rhinestone
belt buclvle which her mistress brought
her home from Paris not long since.
Teddy asked her the other day:
"Are they real diamonds. 'Ginny?"
"No. indeedy," she replied, with a
toss of her woolly pompadour. "Dey's
real grindstones. Missy fetched 'em
to me from Paradise!" — October Lip-
pincott's.

SOME PROVERBS.

Without sterling honesty of purpose,
life is a sham.

When thinking of your future never
use "if," use "when."

Fortune favors the brave.

Tact and diplomacy is the oil of
civilization.

Early to bed, early to rise, makes a
man healthy, wealthy and wise.

Solitude is the nurse of wisdom.

He that will thrive must rise at five,
he that hath thriven may lie till seven.

The Chesapeake & Ohio Railway

Extending from Cincinnati and Louisville, and
THROUGH ITS CONNECTIONS....

THE BIG FOUR SYSTEM, from Chicago, St. Louis, Peoria, Indianapolis,

Sandusky and Cleveland ;
THE OHIO CENTRAL LINES, from Toledo and Columbus;
THE CINCINNATI, HAMILTON & DAYTON, from Detroit, Toledo, Lima
and Dayton —

FORMS THE MOST DIRECT ^"^.o'rt'h'eVu.dTsr^ ROUTE.

To STAUNTOISf, LVNCHBVRC, CHARI,OXTBSVILI-E,
RICHMOIVD, PJBTER BURG, NORFOLK,
And Principal Virginia Points.

m. W. FULLER, Qen. Pass. Agt. C. & 0. Ry., Washington, D. C.

670

THE SOUTHEEI^ PLANTEE.

[October

THE GREATEST OF THEIR KIND
IN THE WORLD.

The largest city in the world is
London, lying in four counties, and
having a population o£ 5,250,000, equal-
ling the combined populations of Paris,
Berlin, Saint Petersburg and Rome!
To walk through all the streets, aven-
ues, lanes and alleys of the city, never
traversing the same one twice, would
require a ten* mile walk every day for
nine years. The streets, placed in a
row, would reach round the world, and
leave a remnant that would stretch
frrom London to San Francisco,

The largest geyser in the world is
the Excelsior Geyser, in Yellowstone
Park. Its basin is full of boiling wa-
ter, from which clouds of steam are
constantly ascending. At long inter-
vals water is spouted into the air to a
hei,ght of from 50 to 300 feet.

The largest crater in the world is
that of Haleakala, in the Sandwich
Islands. The circumference of the
crater is about 20 miles; its depth, in
places, being 2,000 feet. If the in-
terior were cleared of its debris, New
York city could be placed on the black
lava floor, and from three to five other
big cities put over it before their
spires would protrude at the top.

The most magnificent work of archi-
tecture is deemed to be the palace
Temple of Karnak, occupying an area
of nine acres, or twice that of St.
Peter's it Rome. The temple space is
a poet's dream of gigantic columns,
beautiful courts and wondrous aven-
ues of sphinxes.

The largest library in the world is
the National Library of Paris, which
contains 40 miles of shelves, holding
1,400,000 books. There are also 175.-
000 manuscripts, 300,000 maps and
charts, and 150,000 coins and medals.

The finest gardens in the world are
the Royal Gardens at Kew, England.
They cover an area of about 270 acres,
and are visited by about 1,500,000 per-
sons a year. The gardens contain the
finest collection of exotic plants In the
world, a palm house, a winter garden,
a muKe\ini. an observatory, and a school
for gardeners.

The largest cask in the world is the
Blatner Cask of Nuremberg. It is 105
feet in diameter and 51 feet deep, and
its completion a few years ago was
celebrated by a ball, at which over 500
persons were on the floor of the cask,
excluding musicians, waiters and as-
sistants.

The reporter was interviewing the
Western millionaire. "Is it true that
you are .going to endow a chair in that
university?" "Endow a chair?" he
thundered: "why, b'gosh, I can give a
whole set o' furniture, an' I'll do it, too.
Say that in your paper! There ain't
nothing cheap about me."

"Jenkins is an artist in his line."
"So?" "Yes; he drew a glass of beer
so natural that a patron came in and
drank it." "Well, who is Jenkins, any-
way?" "Well, he's a bartender, of
course."

i Co^^r /visile For The Whole World!
: i^clW iTllli4S Big Ones and Little Ones!

All sizes from 4 H. P. Farmers' Mill that cuts 3,000 feetla'day, up to the blegesl that's made.

cr asm over io.ooo deloach patent saw mills in use.

Our Large Catalog
No. 66

will interest you. It illus-
trates and tells all about the
famous DeLoach Patent Va-
riable Friction Feed Saw
nills, Shingle Mills, Planers,
Edgers, Trimmers, Stave and
Lath Mills, Bolters, Cord
Wood and Drag Saws, Corn
and BuhrMiUs, Water Wheels,
Mill Gearing, Pulleys, Shaft-
ing, Etc.

Please mention the Southern
Planter when writing us.
We will appreciate it.

ti Del0AGHilLLmfllGIUi!INGC0.,B0)(666 HWO.Gfl HfWYOlKEfOrclUHLitiefiySI.

J The Largest Saw Mill Manufacturing Plant in the World.

»*>*»»> jf »»» »y> >»r>^>J^>•■> »~>(>:je>:»:«>: jt»"«jf»» >>««««*

CHARTERED 1870.

MERCHANTS NATIONAL BANE

OF RICHMOND, VIRGINIA.
Capital Stock, ... $200,000.00

Surplus and Profits, - - $672,445.75

Designated Depository of the United States, City of Richmond and Commonwealth

of Virginia.

Being the Largest Depository for Banks between Baltimore and New Orleans, this

Bank offers superior facilities for direct and quick collections.

JNO. P. branch,

President.

JNO. K.BRANCH,

Vice-President.

JOHN F.GLENN,

Cashier.

TheHESSLER

mj'

ROUND, STRONQ, DURABLE

No riip-Flap Contrivances.

You can scrape the mail out with your
mittens on. PRICE

A square box is bothersome. $1.00.

Our box is the best and cheapest, fully up to the government's requirements.

IDISCOXTiTT IIT XJOZEiT XiCrS.

H. E. HESSLER CO., Dept. Z., Syracuse, New York.

FINE HOLSTEIN BULL, 3 years old,
eligible to registry, for sale. $40.

ONE GRADE HEREFORD COW, with
first calf, sired by registered Here-
ford bull. $40.

ONE GRADE HEREFORD HEIFER,
crossed on Shorthorn, a model of
beauty. $40. Address

H. E. JOHNSON, R. F. D., Swansboro, Va.

POLAND-CHINA and TAMWORTH
PIGS, entitled to registration. Some
ready for service. Also grade Here-
fords, both sexes, for sale at farmer's
prices, by J. C. GRAVES,

Barboursville, Va.

1903.] THE SOUTHEEN PLANTER^ 671

BILTMORE FARMS, = Biltmore, N. C.

Headquarters for GOLDEN LAD JERSEYS,

Also Get of TREVARTH and GEN. MARIGOLD. ^ J- jf-

GOLDEN LAD'S SUCCESSOR. First and sweepstakes over all at the Pan-American Exposition, the
champion JERSEY BULL OF AMERICA, and out of Golden Ora, our great prize-winning cow, both
born and developed on these Farms, is among our service bulls.

Biltmore Jerseys are a combination of large and persistent milking qualities with an individuaUty
that wins in the show ring.

SPECIALTY. Write for descriptive circular of the best lot of young buU calves ever offered, both for
breeding and individuality. They are by noted sires and out of large and tested selected dams. Many
of these calves are fit to show and win in any company.

^ ^ BILTMORE POULTRY YARDS. ^ J-

SPECIALTY. ^Yrite for descriptive circular of eggs from our prize-winning pens. Over 50 yards to select
from, made up of the winners at the leading shows for the last two seasons. If you want winners you
must breed from winners.

Headquarters for the best IMPORTED ENGLISH BERKSHIRES.

APPLY TO BILTMORE FARMS, biltmore, n. c.

imPEBIHLFMiTiiiBPflnLTuFllBln

Is now booking orders for Eggs from the best strains and careful matings of

Barred, Buff and White Plymouth Rocks,
Silver=Laced and White Wyandottes,
S. C. B. Leghorns and Mammoth Pekin Ducks,
AT $1.00 PER SITTING.
EGGS FROM BLACK DEVIL PIT GAMES.

Never known to run. The grittiest of all games. $2.00 PER SITTING.

We give 15 Chicken and 13 Duck Eggs for sitting. Order at once.
Write name and address plainly. Remember the express is no more on 2 or 3 sittings than on i.
Refer to Augusta National Bank and former patrons. Satisfaction guaranteed or money',refunded

P. H. HEYDENREICH, - StauntonrVa.

672

THE SOUTnERN PLANTER.

[October

DOMESTIC ECONOMY.

To remove blood stains, use clear,
cold water at first, then soap and
water.

It is just the right thing to have an
embroidered bag to put one's night
dress in.

Use a pancake lifter to place cookies
on the tin, and to remove them when
they arp baked.

Cold boiled potatoes are more appo-
tizing if a little flour is sprinkled over
them while frying.

If your washtub leaks, turn the bot-
tom side up and fill the leaky plaice
with good hard soap.

When making soups or broths, put
the meat or bones into cold water to
draw out the juices.

Leather goods can be freshed up by
rubbing them well with a piece of
cloth dipped in the white of an egg.

To keep irons from sticking to
starched pieces, lay a little fine salt
on a flat surface and rub them well
over it.

When acid of any kind gets on cloth-
ing, spirts of ammonia will kill it.
Chloroform applied will restore the
color.

To remove grass stains, allow the
spots to remain saturated with alcohol
for a little time, then wash in clear
water.

When darning woollen hose, make
the threads one way of stout thread,
with the cross threads of woollen
yarn. The result is a firm, smootli
darn, which looks and wears well.

To remove fresh tea and coffee stains
place the stained linen over a largo
bowl and pour through it boiling water
from the tea kettle, held at a height
to ensure force.

Paint spots on glass can be removed
by moistening with a strong solution
of soda — the common kitchen variety.
This will soften them, when they can
be rubbed off. and the glass should then
be rubbed with alcohol.

To prevent wooden bowls from
cracking, immerse them in cold water,
then set over the fire, bring to the
boiling point, and let boil for an hour,
and don't take them out until the wa-
ter has gradually cooled.

A soothing drink for a sore throat
that is recommended, is made of a
pint of barley water brought to a boil
over a hot Are, to which is added,
while stirring until dissolved, one
ounce of the best gum arable. Sweeten
to taste.

To clean the ivory handles of knives,
mix ammonia and olive oil In equal
parts, and add enough prepared chalk
to make a paste. Rub the ivory with
this, and let it dry before brushing off.
Several applications may be necessary.

Your money back

If you are not satisfied

DO YOU SUPPOSE that a company with a capital of 8500.000 OO, paid In fviU, and the

firoud reputation o( 36 years of continuous success, would make such an oOer and not carry
t out to the letter? ,

DO YOU SUPPOSE we would jeopardize our standing with the public and our chanoes
of still greater success by failing to fulfil any promise we make ?

DO YOU SUPPOSE we would make such an offer if we did not have the utmost confi-
dence in the satisfying quality of our goods ?

WE KNOW we can please you and save vou money, for HAYNER WHISKEY goes
direct from our distillery to you. with all its original richness and flavor, carrying a UNITED
STATES REGISTERED DISTILLER'S GUARANTEE of PURITY and AGE and saving L
you the big profits of the dealers. That's why it's best for medicinal purposes. That'.-5 why E
it's preferred for other uses. That's why we are regularly supplying over a quarter of a r.
million satisfied customers. Thai's why YOU should try it. g

Direct from our distillery to YOU

Savis Dtalsrs' Profits I Pravants Adultsration !

HAYMER WHISKEY

PURE SEVEN-YEAR-OLD RYE

4 FULL $0:20 EXPRESS
QUARTS O PREPAID

Wewlll send you POUR FULL QUARTS of HAYNER'S SEVEN-YEAR-
OLD RYE for $3.20, and we will pay the express charges. When you receive
the whiskey, try it and if you don't find it all right and as good as you ever
drank or can buy from any body else at any price, then send it back at our
expense and your $3.'20 will be returned to you by next mail. How could
an offer be fairer? We take all the risk and stand ail the expense, if
the goods do not please you. Won't you let us send you a trial order? We
Ship in a plain sealed case; no marks to show what's inside.

Orders for Ariz., Cal., Col., Idaho. Mont.. Nev., N. Mex.. Ore., Utah. Wash.
or Wyo., must be on the basis of 4 Quarts for S4.00 by Express
Prepaid or SO Quarts for SIG.OO by Freight Prepaid,

Write our nearest office and do it NOW.

THE HAYNER DESTILLING COMPANY

ATLANTAi GA, DAYTON, OHIO ST. LOUIS, MU. ST. PAUL MINN.

156 DiSTILtiBBY, TBOT, O. ESTABLISHED 1866.

A WASHING MACHINE is as great a necessity in the house as a wringer

THE MAJESTIC ROTARY WASHER

has loo many good points for explanation in an ad-
vcrtisemcnL. Your name on a postal card will
bring our booklet, with full particulars of our six
different machines and how to get them. One of
them will cerliiiuly please you. All are made with
electrically welded wire hoops sunk in grooves — our
patent. Being the largest manufacturers of wood
enware in the world, we can make better machines
for the money than any one else. If you want a
marhino that washes, buy one of ours.

THE RICHMOND CEDAR WORKS. Richmond, Va.

1903.]

THE SOUTHERN PLANTER.

"MOORE" QUALITY

J. s.

Successors to J. S. MOORE & SONS.
CORNER EiaHTEENTH &, MAIN STREET*.

Wholesale and Retail

673

•MOORE" QUANTITY

RICHMOND, VIRQINIA.

...Grocers, Feed and Liquor Dealers ...

WE CAN SAVE YOU WIONEY.

Read carefully below our low prices on best Groceries, Feed and Liquors.
i^^SPECIAL ATTENTION GIVEN TO OUT OF TOWN ORDERS.

Levering Coffee, per lb 9i

Granulated Sugar, per lb 5

Light Brown Sugar, per lb 4 J

Lion Coffee, per lb., Daisy 10

Arbuckle's Coffee, per lb 9 J

Best Green Tea, per lb V5

Choice Green Tea, per lb 60

Good Green Tea, per lb 40 & 50

Black Tea, Best, per lb 50

Good Black Tea, per lb. .' 40

Mixed Tea, per lb 30, 40 & 50

Fair Black Tea, per lb 25

Best Rice, per lb 8

Good Rice, per lb 5

Pure Leaf Lard, per lb 11

Good Lard, 9c., or 3 lbs 25

Cooked Sliced Ham, per lb 12*

Good Salt Pork, per lb 8

Choice Salt Pork, per lb 10

Best Salt Pork, per lb 12

Best Potted Ham and Tongue, can. 4

* lb. can Chipped Beef 10

New N. C. Cut Herrings, dozen,

10c. , or, per bbl 4.25

New N. C. Roe Herrings, dozen,

18e., or, per bbl., $5; or i bbl 2.75

Our Pride of Richmond Flour, best

patent, per bbl 4.75

Our Daisy Flour, good patent, per

bbl 4.25

Our Excelsior Flour, good family,

per bbl 3.75

Fresh Soda Crackers, per lb 5

Ginger Snaps, per lb 5

New Mixed Nuts, per lb 12i

Fresh Mixed Cakes, per lb 8

6 bars Colgate's Octagon Soap. ... 25

7 bars Octagon Shape Soap, 10-oz.
cakes for 25

10 bars Moon Soap, 8-ounce cakes. 25
12 bars Hustler Soap, 8-oz cakes. . 25
Small California Hams, per lb. . . . 9

Good Salmon, can, 9c.; 3 cans 25

Large Mackerel, each 10

Large- cans Good Tomatoes, can.. 8
Large cans Best Tomatoes, can. . . 9
2 lb. cans Best Tomatoes, can. ... 6

Large .Juicy Lemons, dozen 15

Green Coffee, per lb., 9c.; 3 lbs 25

Quart Mason Jars of Light Syrup. 10

I gallon Can Light Syrup 20

1 gallon can Light Syrup 40

^ bbl Clipped Herrings 2.75

200 pound sack salt, per sack 85

100 pound sack salt, per sack -IS

Best Full Cream Cheese, per lb.. 15

Lump Starch, per lb 4

Best Water Ground Meal, per peck,

20c.; per bushel 70

Best Ship Stuff, per 100, $1.20; ton.23.00
Best Bran or Brown Stuff, per 100. 1.10

Best Mixed Oats, per bushel 48

Cotton Seed Hulls 9.50

Best No. 1 Timothy Hay, per ton. .17.00
Porto Rico Molasses, per gallon. . 35
New Orleans Molasses, per gallon. ?0
Good Dark Molasses, per gallon.. 20
Maple Syrup, A pint 10

3 plugs of any 10c. Tobacco for 25o

CHOICE WINES AND LIQUORS.

Moore's Crown, fine, per gal $3.00

Moore's Excelsior, fine, per gal 2.00

Moore's Keystone, 3 years old, per

gal 2-50

Moore's Old Capital, 2 years old,

per gal l-^O

Pure Va. Apple Brandy, gallon... 3.00
Maryland Apple Brandy, gallon.. 2.25
Imported Sherry Wine, gallon . . 3.00

Good Gin, per gallon 2.00

Best Gin, gallon 2.50

Best N. C. Corn Whiskey, iier gal.. 2.00

Best Catawba, per gallon 45

Blackberry Wine, per gallon 45

Good Port or Sherry Wine, gallon . 1.00

New England Rum, per gallon 2.00

7 year old Pure Rye, 1896, Good

Hyspire Brand, per gallon 3.50

Duffy's Malt Whiskey, per bottle,

SOc. ; per dozen 9-00

O'Grady's Malt Whiskey, per bottle,

SOc. ; per dozen 9.00

McDermott's Malt Whiskey, per

bottle, SOc; per dozen 9.00

Pure Scotch Whiskey, User Brand,

per quart 1-15

Pure Fulcher Mountain Whiskey,

per quart 1-15

Pure Savage Mountain Whiskey,

4 years old, very fine, gallon... 3.00
Wilson Whiskey, $1 bottle; per

dozen, H-SO

With 1 dozen one-half pints free in
case.
3 year old pure Blackberry Wiue,

per gallon 100

Jas. E. Pepper Whiskey, bottle . . . 1.00

such as Peach, Plum, Grape, Reynold
Cocoanuts, 5c.; or, per 100 3.50 | Sun Cured and other brands.

We have everything in the Grocery, Liquor and Feed line, and can furnish anything not quoted
at lowest market price. Prices on Staple Groceries and Feed subject to market changes.

We know the difficulty farmers experience in getting good family liquors owing to recent leg-
islation, ancfhave made special arrangements to supply this trade. Plain packages— any size of
any brand shipped promptly. SEND US YOUR ORDERS.

674

THE souther:^ planter.

[Octo}>er

WAGONS and BUGGIES

MADE

RIGHT HERE

AT MOME

BY

The BARBOUR BUGGY CO.,
The HUGHES BUGGY CO.,
The VIRGINIA WAGON CO.

These vehicles are guaranteed to be as good as can be bought elsewhere; material and
workmanship unsurpassed; all sizes and styles, prices low. We can save you time,
money and freight by purchasing our vehicles. Send for our illustrated catalogues.
Drop in our warehouse and inspect our stock. Inquiries cheerfully answered.

AGENTS FOR DEERING MACHINES.

RICHMOND BUQQY & WAGON CO., 1433 E. Main Street, RICHMOND, VA.

J. T DUNN, Manager.

All of Virginia.

-jaTHIRD ANNUAL EXHIBITIONS^

Hichmond [jorse ^hm Association,

RICHMOND, -:- VIRGINIA.

October I3th, J4th, 15th, 1 6th and J7th, J903.

Night Exhibitions with Saturday Matinee.
Over $8,000.00 in prizes.

W. 0. WARTHEN, Secretary,
J. T. ANDERSON, President.

Pedigrees traced and tabulated. Catalogues compiled and

circulars prepared. Special attention given registration

matters pertaining to thoroughbreds and trotting horses

. . . BY . . .

w. J. CARTER (Broad Rock),

P.O. Box 929 RICHMOND, VA

Representing the ....

The Times-Dispatch, Richmond, Va.
SouTHEKN Planter, Richmond, Va.
Spobts or TUE Times, New York.
Kentucky Stock Farm, Lexington, Ky.
Bbeedeb and Sportsman, San Francisco, Cal.

FOR SALE:

The Fine Thoroughbred Stallion

ED. KEARNEY.

Chestnut horse, 16. OJ hands high, weight 1,150 pounds. By
Tom Ochiltree, son of Lexington and Katona ; dam Medusa,
liy Sensation, .second dam Hilda, by imp. Eclipse. (For ex-
tension of pedigree see Amer. Stud Book, Vol. 6, page 740).

ED. KEARNEY was a fine race horse, and won a number of
races both in the East and in California. He is a grand speci-
men of the thoroughbred stallion. No horse sires finer colts
from all classes of mares. Address

ROBERT TAIT, Commercial Place, Norfolk, Va.

AGNEL, 38033.

Bay stallion, foaled 1900; sired by Guardsman 1935.5, record
2.23i; dam of the great brood mare Zeta, dam of Miss Duke
2.13, etc. by Red Wilkes.

AGNEL has fine size and is a grand looking young horse, he
is richly bred and has the action of a trotter.
Fee 1116.00 the season.

BEN W. SUTHERLAND, Mt. Olive, N. C.

1903.]

THE SOUTHERN PLANTER.

675

A. C. SINTON. President,

R. R. GWATHMEY, Vice-President,
Jl Jl Jt Jl J«

J. J. SUTTON, Secretary,

ESTABLISHED 1840.

The watt PLOW CO.,

15th & Franklin and 14th & Main Sts., Richmond, Va.

Agricultural Implements,
Machinery, Vehicles and
Harness. ^ ^ ^ ^

INCORPORATED 1893.

PEERLESS ENGINE.

HOCKING VALLEY FEED CUTTER.

DAIN CORN CUTTER.

STAR SWEEP MILL.

SECTIONS OF WIRE FENCE.

A full Stock always on hand, and'
prompt shipments guaranteed. South
Bend, Dixie and Farmer's Friend
Plows and repairs. The Hancock Ro-
tary Disc Plow, warranted to go in
the ground where all others fail.

Hocking Valley Feed Cutters, Cy-
clone Shredders, Smalley Feed Cutters,
Dain Corn Cutters. Equal to any made.
Staver Buckeye Feed Mill and Horse
Power Combined. Star Sweep Mill.
Either grinds corn on cob or shelled.

Whitman All-Steel, full circle Hay
Presses. George Ertel Company's full
circle Hay Presses. Rapid Fire Horse
Power Hay Press, for one horse, a good,
cheap press. Will put up from 150 to
200 bales a day. The well known Min-
nich Brand Baling Presses.

Hocking Valley Wine and Cider
Mills. Hard wood rollers. The best
mill made.

Hocking Valley Corn Shellers, for
hand or power. Smalley Electric Pole
and Wood Saws, for steam or horse
power. Peerless Engines and Saw
Mills always in stock. Several good
second-hand Engines and other second-
hand machinery for sale. "Pittsburgh
Perfect" fencing, electrically welded.
See cuts showing weld. Barb Wire,
Plain Galvanized Wire, Baling Wire
and Bale Ties. Continental Disc Har-
rows. Buffalo and Lean Spike Harrows.

The celebrated Columbus, Ohio, Bug-
gies, Carriages, Runabouts, and Traps.

Farm Wagons and Delivery Wagons,
a complete stock.

Correspondence solicited.

7 ' ( ' ( 'I ' I \

SPIKE HARROW.

676

THE SOUTHERN PLANTER

The following list of papers and periodicals
are the most popular ones In this section.
We can SAVE YOU MONEY on whatever
Journal you wish.

DAILIES.

Price. With
Alone. Planter.

Times- Dispatch, Richmond. Va ^ 00 $5 00

The Pool, Washington, D. C 6 00 6 00

The Sun. Baltimore, Md 3 00 3 40

News-Lpader, Richmond, Va. 3 00 3 00

TRI-WBEKLY.

The World (thrlce-a-week), N. Y.... 1 00 1 25

WEEKLIES.

Harper's Weekly 4 oo 4 q^

Harper's Bazaar 160 140

Montgomery Advertiser ' 1 00 160

Nashville American 59 75

The Baltimore Sun 1 00 1 36

Breeder's Gazette 2 00 1 76

Hoard's Dairyman 1 qO j 35

Country Gentleman 150 175

ilellgious Herald, Richmond, Va 2 00 8 26

Times- Dispatch, Richmond, Va 1 00 1 2.5

Christian Advocate, " " 1 60 1 75

Central Presbyterian, " •■ 2 00 2 2.5

Horseman 3 00 300

MONTHLIES.

Wool Markets and Sheep 50 75

Dairy and Creamery 50 75

Commercial Poultry 60 75

*^' ""•« 1 50 1 16

North American Review 600 500

The Century Magazine 4 00 4 25

St. Nicholas Magazine 3 00 3 26

Lippincott's Magazine 2 50 2 50

Harper's Magazine 4 00 4 00

Forum Magazine 3 00 3 25

Scribner's .Magazine 3 00 3 25

Frank Leslies Magazine 1 00 1 35

Cosmoi.olitan Magazine 100 135

Everybody's Magazine 100 135

MuDsey .Magazine 100 135

Strand Magazine 1 25 1 65

Mcriure's .Magazine 1 00 1 35

Argosy Magazine 1 00 1 35

Review of Reviews 2 60 2 75

Successful Farming 1 00 75

Southern Fruit Grower 60 85

Where you desire to subscribe to two or
more of the publications named, you can ar-
rive at the net subscription price by deduct-
ing 50 cents from "our price with the
PLANTER." If you desire to subscribe to
any other publications not listed here, write
us and we will cheerfully quote clubbing or
net subscription rates.

Subscribers whose time does not expire
until later can take advantage of our club
rates, and have their subscription advanced
•ne year from date of expiration of their
subs<rlptlon to eitlier the PLANTER or any
•f the other publications mentioned.

Don't hesitate to write us for any Informa-
tion desired: we will cheerfully answer any
correspondence.

We furnish NO SAMPLE (.'OPIES of other
»«rl«dlc«as

Seed House of the South.

JAPAN
BUR

CLOVER,
eLOVER,

BUCKWHEAT.
OATS and
CANE SEED.

"Whatsoever One Soweth, That Shall He Reap."

We sell strictly reliable FIELD AND GARDEN SEEDS of every
variety at Lowest Market rates, included in which are

RAGLAND'S PEDIGREE TOBACCO SEEDS.

^ ^ ^ WE ALSO SELL

Our Own Brands of Fertilizers

For Tobacco, Corn, Wheat, Potatoes, &c.

Pure Raw-Bone Meal, Nova Scotia and Virginia Plaster and
Fertilizing Materials generally.

Parties "nishing to purchase will iind it to their interest to price our goods.
Samples sent by mail when desired.

1016 Main Street,
LYNCHBURG, VA.

Wm. A. Miller & Son, ^

'Mr't'^l'^ir'^'^^'k''k'i-hir'i-'^'k'i--i-\l~ .i .;-

Headquarters for
Nursery Stock.

WHOLESALE

AND

RETAIL.

We make a specialty of handhng dealers' orders.
ALL STOCK TRUE TO NAME.

Apples, Nectarines, Pecans,

Pears, Cherry, Chestnuts,

Peach, Quinces, Walnuts,

Plum, Almonds, Small Fruits,

Apricots,
CALIFORNIA PRIVET, lor Hedging.

. . AGENTS WANTED.
FRANKLIN DAVIS NURSERY CO.,

Ornamental and
Shade Trees,
Evergreens,
Roses, Etc.

WRITE FOR CATALOGUE.

Baltimore, Md.

'i''i"i''f"f"i''i°'i-j'4"i"t"<"i"t"i"f"t"t"t"t"i"t"t"'f"f"i"f"t"l"

1903.]

THE SOUTHEKN PLANTEK.

677

Latest Improved FARM IMPLEMENTS.

Scientific Steel Corn Harvester.

The best Harvester on earth, for standing corn

Safety seats. Safety shafts.

ROSS....

Fodder Cutters, Fodder
Shredders, Cutterafor all
purposes, Corn Shellers,
Grinding Mills, Horse
Powers and Wood Saws.

Special prices given on Studebaker and
Brown Wagons, Buggies and Carts.

Aspinwall Planters, Potato Sorters
and Cutters.

IRON.

luuuino Mill

Superior Oram Drills.

Plain aad Fertilizer Hoe and Disc

Drills— All sizes.

TIGER Steel and Wood Self-Dump Rakes!
GRANGER Steel and Wood Hand-Dump Rakes,
all sizes.

ELI BALING PR SStS. {38 Styles.)
Buckeye Force Pumps. Porce=
lained Wood Pumps. Wood and
Steel Wind Mills.

iVIilwaukee Corn Husker and Fodder Shredder,

Has Steel Gears and Steel Clutches and Rolls Easily
Adjusted to all Conditions of Corn.

With Blower or Carrier. Manufactured in 5 sizes : Large machines for
threshermen, and small machines for farmers' own use.

Read list of only a few of the many using the MIL-
WAUKEE Husker:

M. I.. Norvell, Island.
S. D. Ivey, Petersburg.
J. A. Maddox, Triangle.
W. H. Walton, Rice Depot.
T. S. Wilson, News Ferry.
Geo. R. Land, Boydton.

North Carolina:
C. C. Moore, Charlotte,
R. F. Broaddus, New Berne.
Col. B. Cameron, Stagville.

vi\y ^

Virginia:
R. L. Bruce, Medlock.
J. C. Segar, Lewiston.
J. A. Graham, Hanover.
L. E. Williams, Enfield.
Julian Ruffin, Old Church.
Edmund Ruffin, Old Church.
A. T. Broaddus, Old Church.
H. S. Saunders, Shirley.
Mrs. Alice Bransford, Shirley
C. C. Branch, Toano.

The above parties will cheerfully give you testimonials as

to the merits of the MILWAUKEE. We are ready at all

times to go in the field with any other husker made, and

will .j;uarantee the MILWAUKEE TO BE THE BEST

MADE; and will also guarantee It to do more work than

any other made, and SHELL LESS CORN, AND COST

LESS FOR R.I5PAIRS and last longer. Write the parties

that are using them; also write for special circulars and

testimonials we have, which will be sent with pleasure.

HENIN6 & NUGKOLS,

Successors to

CHAS. E. HUNTER,

m-ii \. m SL,

678 THE SOUTHERX PLAXTER. [Octobar

I A LIBERAL OFFER.

'U.l

t

<^

«?*

3 Months Trial Subscription

3 • ^^^^^^s^^"

$ ■ ' i

t TO THE J

I Southern Planter i

I FOR 10 CENTS OR 3 FOR 25 CENTS.

•^

This [liberal offer should be accepted by thous=
t ands who are not now readers.

II Send in at once.

The SOUTHERN PLANTER, Richmond, Va.

1903.]

THE SOUTHERN PLANTER.

679

Not all for the dollar!

ASHTON STARKE

THE LARGEST AND FINEST LINE OF HARROWS TO BE HAD.

Something for reputation.

RICHMOND,
VIRGINIA.

BICnrORD and HUFFMAN WHEAT DRILLS

Feed Cutters and Ensilage Cutters.

FROM THE LARGEST POWER CUTTER TO THE SMALLEST HAND CUTTER.

RICHMOND ENGINE AND PUMP COMPANY

More of our Gasoline Engines made and sold than any three
of the largest factories in the country.

THE SIMPLEST,
THE STRONGEST,
THE BEST,
THE HOST

POWERFUL.
NO OTHER ENGINE
COnPARES WITH IT.

ENDORSED BY THE
NATIONAL BOARD
OF FIRE INSURANCE
UNDER-WRITERS
AFTER 194 TESTS.

PUMPS FOR HAND AND POWER. HYDRAULIC RAMS TANKS AND TOWERS.

The Duplex Grinding Feed Mills, a specialty.

oso

THE SOUTHERX PLAIS^TER.

r October

A HIGHLY IMPROVED FARM,
110 or 225 acres for sale. 51 miles
from Manchester. Fine new dwelling,
new barns, etc. Abundantly watered.
Young orchard; good neighborhood;
excellent for stock raisins; or trucking.
Address
H. E. JOHNSON, R. F. D.. Swansbore, Va.

WANTED — Experienced middle-aged
man and wife, without small children,
to work and oversee medium sized
farm in Virginia. Must be sober, eco-
nomical and industrious, and must un-
derstand care of stock and the work-
in.g of improved farm machinery. Give
reference and state previous duties
and wages. Address DR. THOS. A
KAY, 345 Wyoming avenue. Scranton,
Pa.

Mention the Southern Planter in
writing. I

j» THE >

SEABOARD

AIR LINE RAILWAY

OFFERS THE MANUFACTURER,

THE STOCK RAISER,
THE DAIRYMAN,
THE FRUIT GROWER,
.«*^ THE TRUCKER.

PROFITABLE
INVESTMENTS
TO^

WHERE YOUR LABOR IS NOT IN VAIN.

Would a country where work can be carried on the entire year and where
large profits can be realised interest you?

The SEABOARD Air Line Railway traverses six Southern States and a
region of this character. One two cent stamp will bring handsome illustrated
literature descriptive of the section.

J. B. WHITE, EOW. W. COST, CHARLES B. RYAN,

Gen. Industrial Agt., Portsmouth, Va. Traffic Mgr. Gen. Pass. Agt., Portsmouth, Va

Established by
GEO. WATT, 1840.

IMPLEMENTS & MACHINERY ...

MANFRED CALL,
Gen'l Manager.

DISC DRILLS. (Ath Sizes.) THE SEW MOLINE. WOOD AND STEEL ROLLERS.

PI-OWS AND PLOW REPAIRS of all kinds. We make plows for all purposes and sell them on their merits.

FEED AND ENSILAGE CUTTERS. CORN SHELLERS. ENGINES, SAW MILLS, CORN AND COB MILLS,
ETC., ETC.
We solicit inquires for anything desire^!. Write for circulars

13 So. Fifteenth Street,
Between Main and Gary.

RICHMOND, VA. THE CALL=WATT CO.

The Southern Planter.

DEVOTED TO

PRACTICAL AND PROGRESSIVE AGRICULTURE, HORTICULTURE,
TRUCKING, LIVE STOCK AND THE FIRESIDE.

Agriculture is the nursing' mother of the Artg.-^XENOPHON.
Tillage and pasturage are the two breasts of the State.^-SULLY.

64th Year.

Richmond, November, 1903.

No. 11.

Farm Management.

WORK FOR THE MONTH.

The month of October has been up to this writing
(20th) an ideal fall month and has done much to re-
pair the effects of the abnormal season through
which we have passed. Thousands probably millions
of bushels of corn have been added to the crojis of the
year by the weather of October and whilst much of
this will be defective from being either only par-
tially matured, or from the effects of frost, yet it will
make a very sensible addition to the feed bins of the
country. Much spring wheat, too, has ben saved in
far better condition than appeared at one time to be
possible. Cotton has been enabled to make a decided
improvement in condition, yield and quality, and the
crop which at one time looked like being an abnor-
mally small one for the acreage will probably be
eqiial in quantity to that of last year. Late tobacco
has ripened up nicely and is curing well. Second
and even third crops of hay and forage crops of va-
rious kinds have matured and been saved in fine con-
dition and pastures have kept full of good eating
and stock will go into winter quarters in fine condi-
tion and with the assurance of plenty of feed for the
winter months. For these and many other benefits
conferred by the glorious month, we have had to close
the crop season, farmers and all the people should
on Thanksgiving Day not fail to give thanks to the
"Giver of all things."

The work of preparing the land for the wheat
crop could not have been carried on under bet-
ter conditions than October has provided. The
land has been in fine working order and the

weather has been such as to allow of the very best
progress being made. Whilst it has been too warm
to sow wheat without fear of injury from fly, yet the
fine preparation of the land which has been possible
will ensure such quick germination of tlie seed when
sown as to make possible an ample growth before the
cold becomes severe enough to check it. We would
urge again the importance of perfect preparation of
the seed bed before sowing. I3etter be a week later
in sowing even at this time of the year than sow on
badly prepared land. The late Sir J. E. Lawes in
his more than .50 years experiments in wheat growing
demonstrated how capable is the wheat plant of seek-
ing and finding food sufficient for its growth even in
land which presumably is lacking in fertility. He
grew wheat on one piece of land every year contin-
uously for over 50 years without the application of
any manure or fertilizer for the whole time, and yet
succeeded in getting each year a fair crop, 12 bush-
els to the acre, in the last year of the .50. He attrib-
uted his success entirely to the fact that each year
he made a perfect preparation of the land before
seeding, plowing deeply and working and reworking
until the seed bed was deep, fine and properly con-
solidated below the top three inches. This point is
also strongly brought out in the work done in carry-
ing on the experiments in soil fertility by the De-
partment of Agriculture discussed in the Bulletin
from the Bureau of Soils upon which we comment
in another article in this issTie. The Cecil clay soils
in Harford county, Md., under good cultivation and
management give yields of 25 to 30 bushels of wheat
to the acre, whilst the same Cecil clav soils in the

682

THE SOTJTHERN PLANTER.

[November

Stutesvillc area in North Carolina which have practi-
cally the same analytical content of plant food, only
produce from 5 to S bushels to the acre under the
ordinary system of management common in North
Carolina, but with thorough cultivation and man-
agement bring yields almost equal to the same soils
in ilaryland. This is only one of many similar in-
stances to be found in the Bulletin. The average
wheat crop of the South this year, only some S bush-
els to the acre and over a series of years not exceeding
the 12 bushels secured by Sir J. 1>. Lawes after grow-
ing wheat 50 years without manure or fertilizer, is
one of which the South has no cause to be proud. It
could easily be doubled without the expenditure of
a dollar an acre move for fertilizer by a proper sys-
tem of rotation and perfect preparation of the soil
l)ef()re seeding. There is no profit in growing 12
bushels of wheat to the acre, but money can be made
in raising 25. Let each one make an effort to reach
this quantity by curtailing the area and making a
perfect preparation of this smaller area. Harrow
and roll, harrow and roll until there are no clods left
but only a compact, fine sub-surface and a fine sur-
face '5 inches. Sow only perfectly clean seed and
let this be only the largest and plumpest wheat you
can obtain. JjIow out all small and shrivelled grains.
Put in the seed to the depth of li or 2 inches on
heav}' soil and rather dce])er on light sandy soil. Sow
from 1 to 1 i bushels to the acre according to the fer-
tility of the land, the lighter seeding on the richer
land. In selectitig the variety to sow choose one of
the early maturing ones, like Fultz or Fulcaster, in
order as far as possible to avoid loss from damage
by rust, which rarely attacks the crop until about
the first or second week in June by M'hich time the
earlier varieties will have matured. We would like
to see every farmer in the South make at least a
small wheat crop. We ought at the worst to make
our own bread at home and there is no reason why
we should not do more than this. At present we do
not feed ourselves. This year's crop is not going to
be larger than will be required to meet our own and
foreign demands and there need not therefore be any
fear of a large surplus carried over for another year.

The saving and storing of the corn and forage
crops should receive constant attention whenever the
weather permits until all are safely stored in the
barn or in stacks near the buildings. It is lamentable
to see the carelessness which is common all over the
South in this matter. Time, money and labor is ex-
pended in growing the crop and then too often a great
part of it is lost by neglect in cutting, curing and

hauling it home. Especially is this the case with
the corn crop. WTien once it is cut and set up in
shocks all further thought of it seems to be aban-
doned until necessity calls for the produce and this is
often not until winter has actually set in and then
the hands will be seen pulling down the shocks and
shaking the snow off them and carrying them in, one
or two at a time, just as need calls for them. At
that time much of the food value has been lost and
much of it is absolutely wasted. There is no excuse
for such an unbusinesslike way of handling the crop
in the South. Our long, usiially fine falls, give am-
ple opportunity for the housing of the crop befom
winter sets in and this should be done as soon as
ever the crop is ready for the house. The cutters,
shredders and buskers make it possible to reduce the
stalks into such a form that the fodder from a large
area can be stored in small compass and when saved
in this form it is practically as good as Timothy hay
for feed. These machines are now being operated
in many sections by the threshing machine men who
travel from farm to farm and wherever a machine is
not owned on the farm these should be secured to save
the crop. Especially should their usefulness be ap-
preciated at the present time when labor is scarce
and dear. If no machine is to be had then at least
carry the fodder home as the corn is shucked and
either put it under cover if room can be found for it,
or put up in stacks and cover with straw to protect
it. It is too valuable to waste in the field. Not only
is this wastefulness seen in regard to the corn crop
but we often see clover and other forage crops left
in the field in cocks for weeks after they are fully
cured. In such cases a large portion of the crop is
but of little value except for bedding. Such a prac-
tice is a strong reflection u]ion the business capacity
of the farmer and causes unbounded astonishment to
Northern and European farmers Avhere every care is
taken to save all that the labor of the season has pro-
duced. Farming will never pay conducted under
such management. No business man in commercial
life could succeed with such management. Very
often the sole profit made in commercial undertak-
ings is that made from the saving of the waste pro-
ducts of the principal business. It is said, and we
believe with truth, that the great packing houses of
the West could make no profit but for the careful
utilization of the ofTal and waste of the cattle and
hoes slaughtered.

All r'^ot crops should be dug or pulled during this
month though ruta baga turnips need not and should
not be pulled until the end of the month. A light

1903.]

THE SOUTHEEN PLANTER.

683

factors in successful crop production are not so much
the application of fertilizers of any kind as the se-
curing in the soil of a high moisture content and of
soil microbic life. These microbes are silent workers
in the interest of the farm and without their presence
no high condition of fertility is possible. Every-
thing possible sbould be done to encourage their pres-
ence and a finely broken condition of the soil is one
of the first things required. This is the proper time
to set about securing this finely broken condition be-
fore the soil has become unfit for plowing with the
winter rains, and this breaking should be followed
wherever possible by the addition of lime to the soil
to correct any acidity and thus secure that alkaline
condition of the soil which is necessary to the life of
the microbes, and then, by the spreading of even a
light covering of farm yard manure which is the
principal medium through which the microbes are
introduced into the soil. In a recent examination of
the soil of a note<I small farm in Pennsylvania where
20 cows are kept on 15 acres of land and where the
manure from this stock is constantly applied to the
When all crops are safely housed keep the teams! land each foot of the soil was found to contain sev

frost will not hurt them and they will gain more
weight during this month than during any other like
period of their growth. Beets and Mangold wurt-
zel beets should not be left to be frozen as they
never keep well after frost has touched them. All
root crops can be safely cared for during the winter,
either in a dry cellar or shed, keeping them well cov-
ered with straw, or they may be put in heaps or kilns
in the field on high dry ground where the water will
drain from them. These heaps should be covered
first with straw to the depth of 6 inches and then
with soil which should be beaten solid to throw off
the rain. See that the roots are dry and clean of soil
when stored and that the leaves or tops are cut off
cleanly but without cutting into the roots themselves.
The leaves should be left on the ground to be turned
under to add humus to the soil. Young cattle and
sheep may be allowed to pick them over before turn-
ing under but milch cows should not be allowed to
eat them as they are very apt to taint the milk and
butter.

at work breaking the land intended to be cropped
next year. Up to the end of this month land so
broken may be and should be seeded in rye or rye and
English vetch. This will make a cover crop to pre-
vent leaching of the fertility out of the soil during
the winter and spring and will make grazing and
humus when plowed dovm, or an early forage crop.
Do not hesitate, however, to plow all land intended
to be cropped next year whether it can be seeded or
not and plow it deeply thus enabling it to hold and
store moisture for the needs of the coming crop and
permit of the oration of the soil and the reduction of
inert plant food into an available condition. Recent
investigation has shown that all soils contain nearly
the same amount of the three principal elements of
plant food dissolvable by water, and that one of the
greatest factors in plant production is the reduction
of the soil by plowing and cultivation into such a
fine condition as will permit of the action of the
water content of the soil upon each particle of the
soil, so that this natural plant food can be put into
solution ready for the needs of the crop which only
feeds upon liquid food. The greater the amount of
this plant food thus dissolved and held in solution the
greater will be the yield of the crop. This dissolv-
ing of the natural plant food of the soil is a work
requiring time and hence the importance of breaking
the land in the fall and winter months. We are con-
vinced from long practical experience and as the re-
sult of recent scientific investigation that the main

eral million more of these microbes than the soil of
an adjoining farm where little manure was applied
and the soil was badly worked. The soil of the
small farm was producing all the forage crops needed
to feed this large herd of stock, making two and three
crops per acre each year, whilst on the adjoining
farm it was difficult to make even one paying crop
per year. Another great advantage in fall and win-
ter plowing is that it relieves the spring pressure of
work and can be done with so much less injury to the
team than in the spring. It also causes a quicker
warming of the soil in spring and thus permits of
earlier planting. Don't let the horses or mules stand
in the stable in fine weather eating their heads off,
but keep them at work in the fields. Even if land
plowed now should require plowing again in the
spring this will not hurt it but will only add to its
productivity. We in the South plntv too many acres
but nener plovi acres too frequently. Plow and cul-
tivate fewer acres but plow and cultivate them much
more frequently, and thus make available the natural
fertility in the soil and save money now spent in fer-
tilizer which at best only give temporary fertility
to the soil.

Have you seen to it that all your barns, stables,
sheds and pens have been put into a good state of re-
pair, roofs made water proof, windows reglazed, and
walls cleaned and limewashed? If not no time
should be lost in having this work done. Whilst

684

THE SOUTnERN PLANTER.

[Xovember

stock will do very -well out in the pastures during the
day for some time yet. the nights are getting too cold
for them to be oomfortable and if not comfortable
they cannot make a profitable use of the feed they
are eating. To bring them up and put them in sta-
bles through which the wind whistles and into which
the rain leaks will not make them any more comfort-
able or profitalile. If you have not already a good
tight concrete floor in your stables and cowsheds have
this remedied at once, ^'ou are losing money every
di\j your cattle stand on a floor that does not prevent
loss of the urine. A barrel of cement which will not
cost over $2 or $2.50 will with some finely broken
rock and sand, make a floor which will save this loss.
You can do the work of mixing and laying yourself.
The projiortions should he 0 parts rock, 2 parts sand
and 1 part cement for the body of the floor. Mix the
sand and cement dry, then add to the rock and make
into a mortar with suflicient water and lay it 4 inches
thick and beat solid. x\fter this is laid cover the sur-
face half an inch thick with another layer made of two
parts of clean sand and one part of cement mixed with
water thin enough to spread evenh^ Keep stock ofi
the floor for a week or ten days when it will be firmly
set. Use plenty of straw or other trash to absorb the
urine held by this floor and you will have manure
worth putting on your land. A good manure pit
should also be made convenient to all the stables and
barns so that when it is not fit to take out the manure
directly from the stables to the land which is always
the best and most economical way in which to handle
manure, it may be stored without serious loss. This
pit should have a good hard clay bottom and should
slope from the sides towards the centre so that the
liquid may not run away. If covered with a shed
money will be saved by protecting the manure from
the weather. Don't make the pit where the drain-
age from the roofs of the buildings will run into it.
The rain which naturally falls on the manure will
be all the water it needs. If the manure from ;!ie
different kinds of stock be all mixed in this pit it
will not overheat, but if the horse manure be put iii
one place alone it will do so and much of its valm.
be lost.

See that the barn yard has a good fence around it
so that when stock are turned out to drink or for ex-
ercise they may not be able to ramble all over IJi-
farm. Stock tramping on wet land do much injury
to the crops. Have a gate or gates hung in the fence
with proper means for fastening and make it a riile
to keep them closed except when needed for passa^'c
It is well to hang the gate so that it will close itself.

Have good dry pathways made from the house to
the difl'erent buildings. These should be elevated
above the general level of the land so that they will
keep dry at all times. There are few farms where
sufncient small rocks and gravel cannot be found to
make these permanent improvements to the place and
when once they have been made the comfort deri\ed
from them in being able to go about from building
to building in wet weather without wading through
mud and water will be so appreciated that they will
never be dispensed ith. Around the house and to the
wood shed it will be well to make the walks of 3 inch
slats nailed on two 2x4 inch bearers laid 2 feet G
inches apart. This will ensure dry, clean walks at
all times and prevent much dirt being carried into
the house.

See that there is a good supply of dry seasoned
wood in the wood house and at the wood pile. Do
not subject the women of the house to the annoyan -e
of having to cook meals and keep the house warm
with wet green wood.

PLANT FOOD AND CROP PRODUCTION-

For more years than we can recall agricultural
writers, scientific authorities and practical farmers
have been engaged in discussion of the problems af-
fecting cro]) prodtiction and the discussion still pro-
ceeds even more vigorously than ever before. A^'ith
the spread of scientific education and the realise tion
that if fanning is to be made profitable it must be
conducted on scientific principles thousands who
were formerly content to follow in the footsteps of
their fathers find it absolutely necessary to give heed
to the teachings of the expert scientists as to how and
with what to feed their crops and fertilize their
lands. The difficulty they experience in doing thi.-i
is to know what teaching to follow. In the early
days when farmers first began to realize that their
lands in the old country needed help they were ad-
vised by Jethro Tull that "cultivation was the fer-
tilizer they needed." Many accepted the advice and
profited by it. Then investigation by scientific chem-
ists having demonstrated that the food plants needed
was nitrogen, phosporic acid and potash in an avail-
able form Peruvian Guano to supply the nitrogen
the German potash salts to supply the potash and
super phosphate to supply the phosphoric acid were
put within the roach of farmers and were found to
give good results. Experience in the use of these
fertilizers has, however, demonstrated the truth that
to secure continued good results their use must when

1903.]

THE SOUTHERN PLANTER.

685

once applied be continued and even then their ac-
tion is verv uncertain. One year thev give excellent
retnrns, whilst in another year and on the same crop
no results can he seen. On one piece of land they
will tell immediately whilst upon another their ac-
tion will be inappreciable. These results led to the
conclusion that M'hat was needed was a chemical
analysis of the soil in order to determine what were
the plant food constituents lacking therein in order
that these might be supplied. Experience, however,
\vith this laboratory analysis of soils has not given
such results as to warrant confidence in its use. Too
often the chemist by means of his powerful acid sol-
vents has found the soil to be well supplied with all
the plant food needed, but the crop failed to make
these available when only the natural solvents of the
atmosphere were available. A careful consideration
of all the work done in the past in advising and aid-
ing farmers in the work of crop production and
the practical application of these has led to the
conclusion that other factors were at work deter-
mining the crop productive capacity of land than
those hitherto deemed conclusive and with a view
to endeavour to find out what these were a gi-eat
series of experiments has been conducted by the Bu-
reau of Soils of the Department of Agriculture under
the direction of Profs. Whitney and Cameron. The
result of these so far as they have proceeded has been
given to the world in a Bulletin just issued by the
Department of of Agriculture. This Bulletin we re-
gard as one of the most valuable ever published.
After giving the results of the chemical examination
of the natural moisture content, the true plant feeding
constituent of all crops, of hundreds of samples of
soil taken from typical soils in various parts of this
country and abroad, the authors of the Bulletin say
that the analyses show "that there arc no wide varia-
tions in the amounts of plant food material goini'
into solution where these various soils, so different
in their other characteristics, are acted on by a defi-
nite proportion of water for a short but definitf
length of time, in other words all types of soils fur
nish about the sam'e amount of plant food wher
treated with the same proportion of water other con
ditions as time, temperature. Sec. being also thr
same. The conclusion seems ineritahle that all on?
principal soil types in fact all ciilfivahle soils contain
nalurally a nutrient solution ivhich, varies luithin
comparatively narrow limits with regard either to
composition or concentration and which is usually
sufficient for plant growth. Apparently, therefore,
all these .toils are amply supplied with the necessary

mineral plant foods and these plant foods are not in
themselves a matter of such paramount importance
to the agriculturist, for their supply as regards the
plant is determined by the supply of soil moisture
which the crop can ohfoin from the .<ioil. The chem-
ical analysis of a soil can not in itself, therefore,
throw much light upon the problem of fertility but
when attempting to control the factors governing
crop yield attention must be directed to the mechatv-
ical condition of the soil as affecting the siipply of
soil moisture with its dissolved mineral nutrients,
to the effects of climate, to rotation. S:c." In discuss-
ing the effect of climate on the yield of the crop —
climate in this connection being understood as to its
effect on the soil and temperature — the authors of
the Bulletin say that "the efl'ect of climate is very
marked, that cultivation changes the climatic condi-
tions of the soil, that is it changes the relation of the
soil to moisture and probably also to temperature.
It also changes the character of the atmosphere com-
ing in contact with the root system. We know that
stable manure and lime for example have a marked
influence upon the texture of the soil and therefore
indirectly Tipon the climatic conditions. It seems
possible that other fertilizer materials may produce
effects of a similar character. If fertilizers have
any influence upon the texture of the soil or upon
the movement of soil moisture they will not only in-
fluence the supply of water which will be delivered
to the plant but also the supply of nutrient materials
normally contained in this water. The important
practical inference, if this is so, is that fertilizers
have to a certain extent the same effect as cultivation
and cropping, bid it is rmdouhtedly better to depend
upon efficient methods of cuHivation and cropping
Ihan to rely upon fertilizers while at the same time
neglecting to give proper attention to the physical
condition of the soil. The effect due to cultivation
is also more permanent than the effect due to fertil-
izers. Furthermore the influence of fertilizers on
the yield of crops is not proportional to the amount
of fertilizer added as it frequently happens that a
small application is quite as efficient as a larger ap-
nlication. Discussing the effects of commercial fer-
tilizers on the yield of crops the aiithors remark that
where the annual application of the fertilizer has
been discontinued the effect is at once apparent in
ihe smaller yield of crops. In other words on a soil'
which has a natural capacity for 13 or 15 bushels of
wheat as the TJothampstead soils in England seem to
have where wheat is grown continuously and fertil-
izers have not been used for ."50 years, the application

686

THE SOTTTHEKN PLANTER.

[November

of certain fertilizers has increased the yield to 30
bushels to tlie acre, but to maintain that yield a con-
stant annual application of fertilizer has to be given
and subsequent applications merely maintain but do
not increase the yield. It is recognized that in our
own soils when under intensive cultivation as in the
truck and tobacco areas large applications of manure
and fertilizers arc often used amounting to from 2 to
5 carloads of manure and 2,000 or 3,000 pounds per
acre of the fertilizers the maximum effect of these
is quickly obtained and these yields can only be main-
tained by continued large applications. The results
obtained in the experiment by the T3ureau of Soils go
to show that these large annual applications of stable
manure or of high grade fertilizers do not apparently
change permanently the chemical composition of the
soil as determined by chemical analysis of the water
extracts, that is to say, immediately after the appli-
cation the influence of the fertilizer can be seen ir
the soluble salt content of the soil but not only is
this comparatively slight, but fields that have been
annually treated in this way for a number of years
do not show on the average appreciably more water
soluble plant food than adjoining soils upon whicli
no such applications have ever been made." The Bui
letin discusses the influence of the texture of the soil
of rotation, and variety of the plant, on the yield of
crops and also the action and use of commercial fer-
tilizers and their influence on the fertility of the soil.
These subject? we will take up in a subsequent article
together with the conclusions to be drawn from the
experiments. The point we will now emphasize is
that the position we have taken up and enforced ir.
our writing for years, that the physinnl and merlian-
ical condition of a noil is of more influence and im-
portance in the yield of the crop than the applica-
tion of any fertilizer, is more than sustained by the
evidence accumulated in the Bulletin.

FARMING IN SOUTH-SIDE VIRGINIA,

For years the greater part of the lands of the Cen-
tral plain of Virginia south of the James river have
been regarded as probably the poorest in the State,
and as a consequence have been largely abandoned
and allowed to grow up in broomsedge and pines,
thus giving strong countenance to the prevailing
opinion, and condemning these lands in the eyes of
would-be settlers and buyers. That this opinion is
not justified by the facts we propose to prove by show-
ing what one intelligent, reading, systematic and
practical farmer has succeeded in doing upon a farm

in the centre of the condemned section and which
farm when he took it in hand some ten years ago was
regarded as being probably one of the very poorest in
the whole "South-side," so poor indeed that it was
freely said he would lose all he had on it and die of
starvation. Intelligent management, persevering in-
dustry, and the introduction of live stock and a di-
versified system of agriculture, has redeemed the land
and proved that naturally the soil has its fair pro-
portion of inherent fertility and is capable of giving
ample returns on capital invested, a good living for
the owner and one of the finest homes in the State.
The farm in question is "The Grove Stock Farm,"
situate in Nottoway county, near Burkeville, on the
Norfolk and Western and Southern Railroads, owned
and occupied by Mr. T. 0. Sandy. The farm is a
large one having an area of about 1,000 acres, but
the owner wisely has not undertaken to bring all this
area into a highly improved condition at once. He
has pursued the course we have so repeatedly advised,
made a few acres rich each year and kept them so,
nnd gradually extended this area as the means per-
mitted, until now he has over 100 acres producing as
fine crops as the richest river bottom lands in the
State, although all the farm is upland. The residue
of the farm has been inclosed with a wire fence and
is used for the pasturage of live stock which are
crradually working down the rough grasses and weeds
and bringing in a good wire and Virginia blue grass
>od capable of carrying and keeping fat a heavy head
of stock. As an illustration of the capacity of the
improved land to produce crops we cite what has
been grown on some of the fields this year. On one
20 acre field there has just been cut as fine a crop of
corn as could be found in the. State and which is
srood for from 50 to 7.^ bushels to the acre. On an
8 acre field adjoining this two tons of Timothy hay
per acre has been cut and saved. Near by in a field
of fi\ acres has been grown a crop of corn for the Silo
which has been the wonder of the neighborhood. One
man describing it said that the corn was as tall as a
house and as thick as a forest Mr. Julian Ruffin, a
member of the State Board of Agriculture, and lat«
President of that Board, who called to see the farm
of which he had heard good reports, told us that he
had never se^n better corn grow on the Pamunkey
flats on which he farms and farms well. This field
was a grass sod plowed and fitted well for the crop
in April and May. One ton of agricultural lime to
the acre sown broadcast was the only fertilizer ap-
plied. The corn was planted the 20tb "Afay, the va-
riety planted being Cockes prolific. It was planted
in rows 3 feet 10 inches apart and the seed dropped

1903.]

THE SOUTHERN PLANTER

687

8 inches apart in the row?. The crop was cultivated
level 3 times. A gentleman who called to see the crop
just before it was cnt was so impressed with the quan-
tity of corn on the land that he determined to ascer-
tain closely what number of stalks was growing
upon an acre. By actual count made by himself and

of land, sufficient to feed a herd of 24 cows for 8
months. What a vision of prospective wealth to
Sonthside farmers this opens when the tliousands of
acres in that section of the State now growing broom-
sedge and pines are brought into subjection and prop-
erlv farmed and managed. Near to this field another

llt'T.sTKIX II1-:KD of the (iUOVE FARM.

!Mr. Sandy the number was found to be 14,5G4.
These stalks were not merely stalks, for nearly every
one carried at least one ear and many 3 and 4 ears,
the average for the whole crop being about 2 ears of
good corTi to the stalk. The product when cut filled
two Silos holding fifl ton each or a total of 120 tons
on the 04 acres. Silage made from such corn as this
is worth much more per acre for feeding uiilch cows
than an equal quantity of the best hay as il contains
both long feed and grain feed STifficient to inspire a
heavy yield of milk. At a fair estimate the value of
such silage as feed cannot be taken at less than $8
per ton or $1,000 worth of feed grown on 6^ acres

one of -'iO acres has grown a heavy crop of cow peas
now made into hay with a yield of at least 1^ tons
to the acre. The wheat crop on the farm like that of
much of the South this year was a failure, but the
land having been seeded with mixed grasses and
clover with the wheat, this crop came on and made a
fine yield of hay. In addition to these crops Mr.
Sandy has on part of the improved part of the farm
as fine a pasture of mixed grasses as can be found
even in Southwest Virginia, which carried all sum-
mer a heavy head of cattle, sheep and horses. The
secret of success with all this land has been live
stock and cow peas. Mr. Sandy is not a believer in

688

THE SOUTTTERlsT PLANTER

[November

the use of commercial fertilizers for the purpose of
permanent improvement of land, whilst not opposed
to the use of some form of Phosphate for starting the
growth of peas. For this purpose he has used slag
meal and got good results. ITe is, however, a strong-
believer in the value of lime as an improver of the
mechtnical and physical condition of his lands. His
experience in the use of lime he tells us has more
than borne out all we have said in The Planter on
the subject. It will now be asked by many Southside
farmers what is the "money crop" of the farm. The
answer is cream and choicely bred Holstein cattle,
Dorset sheep, TTackney horses and Berkshire hogs.
His herd of Holstein cows are heavy milkers, some
of them giving as high as 4 gallons at a milking and
few less than 2^ gallons. His milk is separated on
the farm and the cream shipped daily to Kichmond.
For this product ^tr. Sandy has a constant demand
for more than he can supply. The secret of his sue
cess in securing and maintaining this demand is that
he guarantees the percentage of butter fat in his
cream and sells it at a price based on this percentage.
Thus if a buyer wants rich cream he gets it and pays
for it, whilst the one whose trade only calls for thin
cream also gets it and pays proportionately less. The
separated milk is used to feed calves and hogs, being
enriched with gi-ain feed as required by the animals
being fed. For his Holstein calves and Berkshire
hogs he has built up a fine trade through his standing
advertisement in The Planter and rarely has any sur-
plus stock, in fact, he cannot begin to supply the de-
mand for his hogs. To accommodate the cattle and
other stock Mr. Sandy has built commodious barns
and stables and wisely does not crowd them into the
same building as that which he uses for storing his
feed. In this way he runs less risk from loss by fire
and keeps his stock in better health and condition.
All his yoimg cattle and other stock are grazed dur-
ing the summer months on the outlying part of the
farm not yet brought under improvement. The
grass on this has improved so much year by year by
the grazing of the ditferent kinds of stock and the
dropping of their manure that it now keeps them in
fine condition. They are to-day as fat as though
they had been feeding on the blue grass sods of the
Southwest — of course the land- will not yet carry so
much stock per acre as those lands but when not over-
stocked will make as fine grown cattle as the best of
those lands. The carrying capacity is growing year
by year and when brought into cultivation we doubt
not they will be found capable of producing heavy
crops. Such is briefly a record of what has been done
on a poor Southside farm in a few years. Why will

not others go and do likewise instead of growing only
a few acres of tobacco and corn and letting the trust
magnates and the grain speculators fix the price to
he. paid for the products. Xo coiintry that breeds
and feeds stock is ever a poor one. The experience
of every section of the world proves the truth of this

TOP DRESSING GRASS LAND.

At the Rhode Island Experiment Station three
plots of land were .seeded in grass in 1S9S with 7^
pounds each of common red clover, redtop and 15
pounds of Timothy. These three plots were treated
exactly alike excepting that one plot had received no
nitrogen for 11 years while the second had received
a small dressing and the third plot a large dressing
of nitrate of soda annually since 1802. The large
application of nitrate of soda yielded much the
greater profit. In 1901 the value of the hay from
the plot receiving the heavy dressing exceeded the
cost of the fertilizer by $40.70 per acre and for the
o years of the experiment by $00.72. In all instances
the use of a complete fertilizer gave the best results.
The plot receiving the full application of 63 pounds
of nitrogen per acre in the form of 350 poimds of
nitrate of soda to the acre yielded 3^ tons of hay per
acre in 1899, 4 tons in 1900, 4^ tons in 1901 and 4
tons in 1902. The value of the hay exceeded the cost
of the fertilizers by $19.02 per acre the first year,
$30.40 the second year, $40.70 the third year and
$32.74 the fourth year. The total excess in the value
of the hay over the cost of fertilizers for the 4 years
was $123.46 per acre, or an average of $30.87 per
acre for each year. The fertilizer used in top dress-
ing the grass consisted of 807 poTinds of acid phos-
phate containing 1 6 per cent, of phosphoric acid, 200
pounds of muriate of potash and 400 pounds of ni-
trate of soda. From the results of the four years ex-
periments it is concluded that an application of 400
poimds of acid phosphate, 200 to 2.50 pounds of mu-
riate of potash and 350 pounds of nitrate of soda per
acre would probably have given better net returns
than the quantities ap]ilied. Top dressing run out
land which is not filled with the proper kinds of grass
roots is considered a waste of fertilizer. For such
grass lands plowing and reseeding heavily is recom-
mended.

GRASS SEED MIXTURES.

In a series of experiments conducted in Canada
for several years, the following mixtures of grasses
and clovers gave the best results. Tall meadow oat^

1903.]

THE SOUTHERN PLANTER.

689

grass and Alfalfa made a yield of 3.2 tons per acre.
Tall meadow oatgrass, orch.ird grass, mammoth red
clover and Alfalfa made a yield of 3.1 tons per .acre
and Timothy and Alfalfa made a yield of 3.1 tons
per acre. The best yields in 1002 were produced by
Timothy with mammoth red clover, tall fescue with
mammoth red clover, tall meadow oatgrass with mam-
moth red clover and orchard grass with mammoth
red clover. Small grain crops grown after clover
gave on an average for 3 years 833 pounds of grain
more per acre than the same crops grown after grass.

SEEDING CLOVER ALONE.

Editor Sotdhern Planter:

7^8 I said in a former article I have seeded clover
without cover crop in patches for many years past
and must say that is the surest way to get a stand.
When I bought this farm twenty-two years ago (I
am not a farmer to the "manor born"), it needed
much attention and T thought, plenty of clover sown
on it. I asked my foreman what he could do with
an oat stubble field with so much to do. He could
do nothing but harrow it. I remarked that I wanted
to sow clover on it after he got it in order. He was
a good practical farmer but like nearly all the farm-
ers then, thought that clover needed a cover crop.
He strongly advised against it and said I would lose
the seed and labor. Others, very intelligent men, to
whom I spoke of it, took the same view. I had only
the experience of a to^vn vegetable garden to base
my opinion on, — That plants that got plenty of sun,
air and moisture were healthier and stronger than
shaded ones.

T seeded the field (22 acres). It cost me alx)ut
seventy-five dollars for labor and seed and hauling
stones off, of which there were many, and mowing
the weeds down in August.

The field yielded the next season 30 tons of hay
and 40 bushels of clover seed at $fi per bushel, with
marked improvement to the soil.

This place has improved in yield per acre fifty per
cent., due chiefly to clover and live stock. I am al-
ways glad to read your advice to farmers to sow
clover, and sow it alone.

Rockhridfje rovvly, Va. T. M. Wadk.

ALFALFA IN SOUTHWEST VIRGINIA.

We are in receipt of a very fine specimen of alfalfa
grown by Major W. W. Bentley, of Pulaski county,
Va. ^lajor Bentley says that the seed of the crop
was sown on the 4th July, 1003. Tt was sown in

growing corn and made a good catch although the
land was not inoculated with alfalfa bacteria. The
plant sent, which was dug up in the middle of Sep-
tember, 24 months after the seed was sown, was a
part of the crop which grew on land at the end
of the corn rows. The plant is a fine bushy one
and measures three feet in length from the tip
of the root to the top of the stems. This shows what
a wonderful growth the crop is capable of making
in a short time. There are, however, no nodules on
the roots thus showing the land not to be inoculated
as yet with the specific bacteria needed to ensure a
permanent stand. Major Bentley proposes to procure
inoculated soil and sow over the field and we doubt
not then that he will secure a permanent stand.
A^liilst we do not advise the practise of seeding
alfalfa in a standing crop of corn or indeed with a
crop of any kind as it undoubtedly does better sown
alone, yet this example shows that in a favourable
season for growth it will succeed on fertile land
when seeded with another crop. As Pulaski is one
of the counties of Southwest Virginia with a high
elevation we shall be axious to learn how the crop
stands the winter there.

HAIRY VETCH.

Editor Southern Planter:

On page 624 of the October issue I notice an arti-
cle headed " Hairy Vetch." I will give you my ex-
perience with the crop. In 1 901 I bought 2^ poimds
of vetch seed and sowed it on a very small patch of
gi'ouud and got 1 peck of seed. In 1902 I put that
peck of seed on a quarter of an acre of land and got
2 bushels of seed. The vetch made a great growth
on the land which had been in vetch before but not
so good on the other part. Now while it was some
trouble to get the crop harvested, it being put in with
no other grain, yet it paid me for all the tro\ible I had
with it. I could have sold the seed for $10, besides
getting a better crop of corn than I ever got off the
land before, and I have a good stand of vetch yet.
Will you please tell me how to get rye and vetch
seed sej^arated when they are threshed together?

Iredell county. N. C. 0. E. Shook.

The separation of the two grains is effected by the
reg-ulation of the blast of the fanning mill and by
the use of appropriate screens or riddles in the mill.
The one seed being heavier than the other when the
blast is properly adjusted the barley will fall sep-
arate from tho vetch seed almost completely. The
perfect separation of the seed is then completed by
the screwns or riddles. — En.

690

THE SOUTHERN PLANTER.

[November

ENQUIRER'S COLUMN.

Enquiries should be sent to the office of 7%« Sorifhem Plan-
ter, Kichmond, V'a., not later than the 15th of the month for
replies to appear in the next month's issue.

Unsigned Enquiries.

We have enquiries to hand frequently from par-
ties who do not sign their names. Such is the case
this month. TVe caimot give attention to such com-
iniinications. For our own information and as proof
of the bona fides of the writers we must require all
enquiries to be signed by the writers. If they do not
desire their names to appear in print they have mere-
ly to say .so and we will take care that their wish is
respected. — Ed.

Yield of Seed of Common Clover— Clover Hullers—
Ticks on Cattle.

1. What would be the approximate yield in bush-
els of annual clover seed per ton of cured hay as cut
with mower? Would one ton of such hay be an
average per acre ?

2. Can clover seed be .successfully threshed with
a grain thresher and shaker to separate the straw
from chaff. I have a fanning mill with clover clean-
ing attachments.

?>. Can you inform me from whom I could buy a
huller? (My idea being to thresh the clover with
grain thresher as above stated, purchase a huller to
hull same, then run through fanning mill. I have
the grain thresher and fanning mill and do not wish
to go to the expense of buying a regular clover
thresher and huller, as I am only experimenting with
clover seed raising.)

4. To what extent would hay he damaged for cow
feed if allowed to stand until seed were matured ?

f>. Tf clover be fertilized with -1-00 pounds acid
phosphate and kainit, ^ of acid to 1 of kainit in Jan-
uary or February, would it not be a sufficient appli-
cation to make a fair crop of clover and also be a
sufficient fertilizing for a crop of com or cotton to
follow clover ?

fi. Would the spring rains leach it from the land ?
Said lands are thoroughly ditched highlands which
were improved this year with above application of
fertilizer on them at time of sowing?

7. Is it necessary to apply nitrogen to either red
or annual clovers? I have read with interest your
articles on tick fevers. T have .50 head of cows and
on which I venture to say there are not a dozen ticks
and have not been in 3 years. I never allow them
to run in regular pasture from October 1.5th to
April the 1st. The lots on which they run in win-
ter have no stock on them in summer.

Wnrren county, N. C. W. A. Connei.l.

1. The yield of Crimson clover seed runs from 3
to 10 bushels to the acre. An average crop will make
more than a ton of hay per acre probably half as
much more. We have known over 2 tons made.

2. We have heard of clover seed being threshed
with a grain separator but we think there would be
much loss of seed.

3. Any of the agricultural implement dealers ad-
vertising in The Planter will supply you with a
huller.

4. All hay that is allowed to mature seed is greatly
reduced in value as feed for any kind of animals.
In the process of producing and maturing the seed
the feed value of the crop is largely transferred from
tlie stems and leaves into the seed and this being re-
moved or lost by shattering carries with it this f(.«od.
In experiments made at the Illinois Experimental
Station by Professor Hunt and others it was found
tlint the protein fthe muscle and flesh forming mat^
ter) and the carbo hydrates (fat forming matter)
both decreased as the clover neared maturity or the
seed forming and ripening stage. At full bloom the
crop contained 400 pounds of Protein. When three-
fourths of the heads were dead this was reduced to
370 pounds. The fat was 107 pounds at full bloom,
1.50 pounds when three-fourths of the head were
dead, the carbo hydrates were 1,052 pounds at full
bloom and 1,024 pounds when three-fourths of the
heads were dead. In Pennsylvania a considerably
greater loss than this was shown when all the heads
were dead ripe nearly one-fourth of the feed value
having gone. After threshing much ftirther loss
would be shown as a large part of the leaves would
be beaten into dust.

5. The application of mineral fertilizers as a
top dressing on grass or clover usually has little
effect on the yield of the crop as they are so slowly
soluble. They should be worked into the land pre-
vious to sowing then they will be acted on by the soil
moisture and the microbes in the soil and are made
available. The application suggested should be of
value if applied in this way to both the clover and
com or cotton.

fi. No. 7. No.— Ep.

Keeping Sausage.

I shall be very glad if some of the renders who
have had experience will give me, through the col-
umns of The Planter, the best method of keeping
sausage fresh for sprinu and summer use.

Also state an infallible remedy for keeping hams
free from insects, etc. An Exquirer.

Pittsylvania county, Va.

1903.]

THE SOUTHERN PLANTER.

691

Will some reader please answer ? The rubbing of
the hams with borax and black pepper will keep off
insects.- — Ed.

The Use of Mineral Fertilizers.

I bought a rundown farm two years ago, but it has
been getting better each year by cow peas, soja beans,
^c. and what little manure I have been able to make.
My hands have been tied for want of capital to buy
stock. Although I am 60 years of age I have got the
backbone to believe that if 'Mv. "Bellwood can get his
farm up as he has done, I can also by work. I have
kept clean over 10 acres of peanuts and over 1?> acres
of corn and other crops without one cent of hire. 1
work two horses on all my tools, yet I want more
light. Does not Mr. Eellwood use mineral fertil-
izers ? Yoii say on page 620 that he does not use any
commercial fertilizer. On page 62.3 you say that
the legumes must have them. Please give me light
on that, and T have no doubt but there are others that
your answer will help. Gt:o. A. Greenk.

Nansonond county, Va.

This question of the necessity for the use of min-
eral fertilizers in the growing of the leguminous
crops is one which is likely to require much recon-
sideration in the light of the information now given
us in the Bulletin from the Department of Soils no-
ticed in this issue. Tt is certain that these crops call
for the plant food suplied by the mineral fertilizers
and up to this time it has been thought necessary to
supply them liberally and the results have seemed to
justify the practise. But if as now seems to be the
case all lands have a more than sufficient supply of
these mineral foods for the growth of crops for years
to come the problem would seem to be to devise the
means for making these natural supplies available
and thus avoid the necessity for purchasing them.
The available means seem to be deep breaking and
fine cultivation of the soil so that it may become per-
meable by and capable of holding and feeding to the
crop a heavy percentage of the water naturally fall-
ing on the laTid. This has been undoubtedly the
cause of Mr. Bellwood's success in growing these
leguminous crops successfully without the applica
tion of mineral fertilizers. The process is a slower
one than that of supplying the need by buying the
goods, but we believe that in the long run it will be
the most successful and profitable as it will result in
more permanent improvement of the soil. For years
we have advocated this plan strongly from our prac-
tical knowledge of its. success in England where we
know some of the most profitable farms never to have
had an ounce of commercial fertilizer used on them
since they were brought into cultivation — hundreds
of years ago — we have not, however, thought it wise

to ignore the value of commercial fertilizers as ad-
juncts to good farming and as a means of securing
quicker returns from badly managed land. Many
a poor man might die from starvation whilst waiting
for the returns from his land if he neglected the
means of securing the quicker retiirns which these
fertilizers offer him. We believe that the true course
to follow, when the work of restoring fertility to a
worn out farm is undertaken, is to use every means
of improvement, plow deeply, cultivate fine, start a
good system of rotation of crops which will give a
frequent recurrence of recuperating crops (legumes)
and help the good work by a judicious application
of mineral plant food especially phosphoric acid on
the leguminous crops and then as the land becomes
more productive, to limit the use of these fertilizers
to the gro'ni;h of those crops which have a high ini-
tial sale value and can be easily transported and be
readily and quickly sold. These crops, like Irish and
sweet potatoes and other truck and garden crops and
also tobacco, in the sections to which it is adapted,
can bear this extra cost, whilst bulky crops like corn
and the other cereals, and hay which have a lower in-
itial value and are more costly of transportation and
in which, therefore, tlie item of freight is a large
factor in the price, cannot afl^ord to have so heavy a
charge as that of bought fertilizers added to the cost
of their production. These shoiild be converted at
home into a more condensed form and of a higher
initial value and in the process of this conversion the
manure made by the stock used in the conversion will
make possible the production of other crops at a cost
which they can bear and make permanent the im-
provement of the fertility of the land. — Er«.

Money Crop in Fairfax County, Va.

What is the money crop in Fairfax county, Va. ?

Union conniy, N. J. Jacob E^ammerer.

Truck and dairy products for the Washington
markets and fat cattle and grain. There are also
canneries in the county which put up surplus truck
produce. — El-.

Texas Fever Ticks--Hollow Tail.

Referring to articles on ticks in late issues of The
Planter T beg to submit that ticks propagate them-
selves on rabbits and dogs. The chances of those
ticks which live on dog meat reproducing themselves
effectively is pretty slender, with rabbit ticks it is
otherwise. One season a piece of land which had not
been in pasture for upwards of twenty years but was
a favorite location for rabbits was fenced and when
cattle were turned in proved to be infested with

692

THE SOUTIIEKX PLANTER.

[November

ticks. In view of the above the only simple and sure
way of getting rid of ticks is to get the cattle up once
a week and pick off the ticks by hand till there are
nt' more.

The diseased tails referred to by your correspond-
ent at Shelby county, Ky.. were very probablv tuber-
culous and cutting off above the affected place is the
only practical remedy. Locis D:eLaCeoix.

Granrille county, N. C.

We have no record of Texas fever ticks ever hav-
ing been found on either dogs or rabbits. They have
been found on deer and possibly the pasture referred
to may have been infected from this source. As it
was apparently an unfonced pasture may not some
cattle have straypil into it and thus infested it? We
think tick? on rabbits would have as little chance of
[iropagating themselves as those on dogs. — Ed.

Fertilizer for Irish Potatoes, Tobacco, Cotton, As-
paragus and Corn.

Would you kindly inform me through your val-
uable columns :

First — Whether the following mixture would
make a good formula for an Irish potato fertilizer,
and (b) if so what quantity of it should be applied
per acre:

650 pounds cotton seed meal.
300 pounds nitrate of soda.
800 pounds dissolved bone.
250 pounds sulphate potash.
Second — (a) Whether the following mixture
would mal^e a good fertilizer formula for tobacco,
cotton, asparagus and corn, and '^b) if so the re-
spective quantities of it that should be used per acre
on the crops above mentioned :

fi50 pounds cotton seed meal.
1200 pounds disscolved bone.
l.'jO pounds sulphate potash.
Charleston county, S. C. "ISTew SrBscitiBKR.

1. Yes, the ingTedients mentioned in the propor-
tions named will make a suitable fertilizer for Irish
potatoes. Apply from .")00 to 1,000 pounds to the
acre.

2. For asparagus reduce the bone to 1,000 pounds
and increa=e the potash to 300 pounds. -Xpply 500
pounds to the acre. For cotton. Experiments made
in South Carolina indicate that the maximum quan-
tity of fertili.ror that can be in general used with ad-
vantage are such as will furnish 50 pounds phos-
phoric acid, 15 pounds of potash and 20 pounds of
nitrogen to the acre. 400 pounds of 1-1- per cent, acid
phosphate or dissolved bone, 150 pounds of kainit
and 300 pounds of cotton seed meal per acre will
meet this requirement.

F-^r Tobflcco. The fertilirer needed is one rich

in nitrogen and potash fin the form of a sulphate),
and low in phosphoric acid. The following ingredients
and proportion have given excellent results : 1 60
pounds of dried blood, or 80 pounds of nitrate of
soda and 80 pounds of dried blood to supply the ni-
trogen, 120 pounds of sulphate of potash and 114
pounds of acid phosphate.

For Corn. The dominant factor in the fertilizer
should be phosphoric acid. Potash is of service fre-
quently in sandy soils, but not usually needed much
in clay soils, whilst nitrogen is only called for in
soils deficient in vegetable matter. Wherever this
is almndant the cro]) will get all it ntrds. It is be-
coming increasingly certain that corn has the power
in some way to assimilate nitrogen from the atmos-
phere like the legiimes. ifix 1,200 pounds of 14 per
cent, acid phosphate. 600 pounds of cotton seed meal
and 200 pounds of muriate of potash and apply 500
pounds to the acre. — Ed.

Grape Vines Diseased.

I have some three year old grape vines which last
year matured a full crop of nice grapes the latter
part of September. This year the leaves turned
bro^vn and commenced to fall off by the first Septem-
ber, the grapes shrivelling and falling and many
stems dying so that the whole bunch would fall off.
The few grapes yet on the vines are from full green
to ripe. Some of the present season's growth of
wood is dying. Soil is rich, s;'.ndy loam with well
drained red clay sub-soil. Loc.iion elevated, with
sun all day and only moderately moist. Please say
in your next issue what is cause of trouble and what
remedy and when to apply same. SrB.scEiBKR.

Appomato.r county. Va.

Xo doubt your gra]>es have been attacked by Black
Rot. Refer to the Spray Calendar in the ^farch
issue tliis vear for the remedy. — Ed.

Ice Supply.

Can you give me any information on making and
storing ice ? T have an ice house, but no pond or run
ning water. 3Iy idea is to hold the well water and
let the air freeze it. I have a wind mill. If any of
your files have the above information shall be glad
to have the information. Hkxry Twyford.

Henderson county, N. C.

You \vill find it a very todioiis and uncertain
means of getting a summer's supply of ice to have to
rely on pumping water into a vessel or tank and then
when it happens to freeze removing the ice to the
house. Better make a shallow pond with a large sur-
face and pump this full now and keep it full until
all the ice needed is secured from its surface. — Ep.

1903.]

THE SOUTTIERN PLANTER

693

Trucking, Garden and Orchard.

WORK FOR THE MONTH.

Cabbages may be planted out at the end of the
month for the early spring crojj in the trucking sec-
tions of this and adjoining states. The work of pre-
paring and enriching the land should have attention
up to that time. The better the preparation the
greater will be the chances for a successful crop.
Cabbages are great feeders, so do not pinch them of
food.

Lettuce may be set out in cold frames for winter
and early spring cutting. The soil for filling the
beds should have been got ready during the siimmer
and shoiild now be in a sweet friable condition, well
supplied with vegetable matter, and should now be
enriched with some cotton seed meal acid phosphate
and muriate of potash. The old soil in the frames
should all be removed as it is very apt to cause the
spread of fungus diseases and damping off. Keep
the frames open as long as the weather is mild.

Orchard and small fruit planting and pruning
should have attention. In this issue will be found
an article on setting out an orchard.

Celery should be earthed up to blanch it. In
doing this work see that the earth is kept out of the
plants and only closely banked around them.

Cover asparagus beds with a heavy coat of farm
yard manure, first removing all old stalks and trash.

All land not needed for other crops should be
seeded in rye to conserve soil fertility.

PLANTING AN ORCHARD.

In your valuable paper I note that you strongly
advise your readers in this section of Virginia to
apply themselves to "Fruit Growing." I intend to
set out an orchard of winesaps, peaches and pears
this autumn. Please instriict me, in your next
issue, as to the setting and caring for a yoimg or-
chard. Also kindly give me some "hints" as to im
proving the fruit of an old orchard, and oblige.

A 'St.w Farmeb.

Piffsylvania coiiniy, Ya.

The first consideration in setting out an orchard
should be the situation. Let this be on high well

drained land preferably with an exposure to the east
or Northeast. This will secixre good air drainage
and has a tendency in restraining too early blooming
and consequent loss of the crop by late frosts. The
next consideration should be the preparation of the
land. This should be deeply plowed and if possible
subsoiled all over the site of the intended orchard,
but certainly in each line of intended trees. If sub-
soiling be not practicable from want of a subsoil plow
or sufficient team, then the subsoil in each place
where a tree is to be planted should be deeply and
finely broken with the mattock or grubbing hoe.
Trees will never make the growth they ought to do
when set out on hard unbroken subsoil or hard pan.
Let this work of breaking and preparing the soil be
done as early as possible that the soil may have the
benefit of the winter frosts and thorough a-ration.
Having thus prepared the land the location of the
sites of the trees should be fixed. To secure perfect
alignment of the trees which is essential in order that
cultivation of the orchard during growth may be
practicable and convenient the following method
should be adopted. First decide on the distance the
trees are to be set apart. For apples and pears this
should be from 30 to 40 feet each way. For peaches
from 20 to 30 feet is sufiicient. Then take as a
starting point the position of the first tree and sight
a straight line from this point to the opposite end
of the orchard parallel with the side of the lot.
Place in this line (at prominent points if the land
is rolling or hilly) 0 foot poles which may be sev-
eral hundred feet apart so that three may be seen
in line at once. With the two end poles place others
in line in the opposite direction at such distances
from each other as the trees are to be planted. Set
intermediate poles in line on these new rows. Pro-
vide pegs a foot long in sufiicient numbers to place
one at the position of each tree. Provide also a coil
of light trellis wire or stout cord of from 125 to 135
feet long according to distance the trees are to be set
apart. Faster a piece of white rag on this wire or
cord at each distance the trees are to be set apart.
Place a stout pole at each end of this wire or cord to
be used as sighting poles. This is to be carried by
a man and boy. Place the sighting pole at the posi-
tion of the first tree then direct the boy to walk in
the line of the poles set up for the first row. Stretch
the wire or cord tight and let another boy with an
armful of pegs place one in the ground at each rag

694

THE SOUTHERN PLANTER.

[November

mark on the wire or cord. Proceed in the same way
with each row of trees carefully sighting the origi-
nally set posts to see that perfect alignment is pre-
served not only in one direction but in all directions.
The trees should line both horizontally and obliquely.
The next work is digging the holes. Provide each
digger with a 5 foot board 6 inches wide with a
notch in the centre and holes at each end. Place
the plank in line with the rows, the centre notch over
the peg indicating the site of the tree and pin the
plank down with a peg in the end and leave the
board in position imtil the tree is planted. Turn
the board on the peg out of the way until the hole is
dug. The hole should be 4 feet across and at least
15 inches deep. Throw the top soil on one side and
the subsoil on the other side of the hole. Some
orehardists advise the using of compost or well rotted
manure in planting, but if the surface soil is at all
fertile we prefer not to mix anything with it, but if
very poor mix some woods mould or rich soil and
a little manure with this surface soil at each hole
and you are then ready to plant the tree. Let the
trees selected for planting be young, stocky and well
root«d, never mind the height if you have a good
stem and a good root. They will make height soon
enough. In setting the trees the guide board is again
turned round on the peg across the hole and the
notch in the centre will then indicate the place to
plant the tree. Eaise a small mound of the surface
soil right under the notch, set the tree on the top of
this letting the stem come in the notch. Press the
tree down gently until the surface of the soil is two
inches above the crown of the roots. The planter
should then hold the tree firm and as the surface
soil is being thrown in work it in among the roots
and pack it around them. Tramp the soil firm and
fill level with the subsoil on top, leaving the soil
slightly raised around the tree. Then mulch the
ground 2 or 3 feet around the tree with coarse litter
or leaves to prevent evaporation and drying out.
After the young tree is set cut off entirely all side
branches and cut back the stem from one-third txi
one-half the last year's growth. Let the top grow the
following year retaining three or four branches at
from 4^ to 5 feet above the ground. The land be-
tween the trees may grow a crop of corn or other
cultivated crop the first year. This will ensure cul-
tivation of the land, but do not disturb the mulch
around the trees the first year, and be careful in cul-
tivating later that the tree is not injured by the sin-
gle-tree or traces. Better leave 2 or 3 feet next each
tree uncultivated by the plow or cultivator and
work with a hoe than damage the bark of a young

tree. In the fall after planting, when the corn or
other crop is removed, plow and seed in crimson
clover to be turned down in spring, and follow with
a crop of cow peas. These crops may with advan-
tage be fertilized with acid phosphate and muriate
of potash 200 or 300 pound to the acre. In making
the selection of varieties to be planted the distinction
between a commercial orchard and one for domestic
use should be clearly borne in mind. In a commer-
cial orchard where the object is profit on the sale of
the fruit, plant only one or at most, two varieties, se-
lecting those specially adapted to the location. What
the wholesale fruit buyer calls for is a large crop of
a single variety. In an orchard where the fruit is
to be used at home there should be planted a few of
several varieties, a few summer, a few fall, and a
few winter ones so that there may be fruit for all
seasons. We should advise caution in planting
pears. The blight is such a constant visitor in the
South that there is but little satisfaction in attempt-
ing to grow this fruit. The Seckel and Keiffer are
about the only varieties which can be relied on to
stand. Of the better varieties Bartlett is perhaps
the most resistant but it blights badly. In planting
peaches take the advice of a good nurseryman hav-
ing local knowledge. The Elberta is perhaps the
best and most profitable market peach. We will say
something as to renewing an old orchard in our next

ORCHARD AND GARDEN NOTES.

Editor Southern Planter:

The horticultural exhibits at the Southwest Vir-
ginia Pair at Radford were good in some respects.
Variety of exhibits were lacking owing to the late-
ness of the season. Considerable enthusiasm was
aroused among farmers and horticulturists in re-
gard to the best specimens grown. The collection
of apples was quite good. Those who saw the apple
exhibits were convinced that this part of the State,
while not considered in the "apple section," could
grow fine specimens of Winesap, Baldwin, Falla-
water, Virginia beauty, Ox pippins, and Roxberry
msset. The specimens that grew on the higher, red
lands were much more beautifully colored, as might
be expected, than those that grew on the lower, val-
ley lands. I believe that there is some as fine red
apple land in this part of the State as one will usu-
ally find, but we are just learning where it is. This
subject shotild receive most careful consideration by
all those who are thinking of setting orchards. High-
ly colored apples grow best on the red clay soils, and

1903.]

THE SOUTHERN PLANTER.

695

we usually find such soils on rather high, rolling
land. As I drove along to the fair at Radford I no-
ticed an orchard of one-half winesap trees so loaded
with red apples that the trees were breaking badly.
Near by were thousands of acres of just as good wine-
sap land. While this part of the State is noted far
and wide for blue grass and fat stock, still, I see evi-
dences of a good reputation being made for "red
apples." This season we are simply overloaded with
apples, but next season the crop will be short, since
we have let our trees overbear. We have not learned
how to take care of our trees nor how to market the
crop when grown. In fact most of the orchards
here have not been planted for commercial purposes.
Hence there is usually a small per cent, of each
variety, and some orchards have as many as twenty-
five varieties in them. The experimental stage with
varieties is largely passed and it is time now that
we plant orchards for definite purposes in this part
of the State also. We need more winter fruit and
less summer fruit.

Another fact brought out most forcibly by the
exliibits at the Fair was the superiority of sprayed
fruit over that unsprayed. Sprayed fruit took the
first premium for best collection of apples. The
specimens were larger, cleaner and of a more beau
tiful color. The usual number of persons were heard
to say that they had just as fine specimens at home
but did not bring them for some reason.

While this was the first time the Association
ofi^ercd premiums for horticultural and agricultural
exhibits, still a good beginning has been made and we
look for much larger exhibits in these lines next
year. There is talk also of making the Fair an
inter-state fair, which, if done, would bring together
immense collections from the farm, orchard and
garden.

There is but little that can be done in the orchard
and garden this month except to continue to gather
and store away the crops for winter. Of course all
weeds that are maturing seed for next year's crop
to give us the backache in destroying should be gath-
ered up at once.

Specimens of apples affected with bitter rot will
usually be found hanging on the trees late in the
fall. Gather these and destroy them as time will
permit.

Out off all blighted limbs on apple and pear trees
eighteen inches below the affected area and burn
them. This is one of the best things to do for blight
and it should be done with the greatest care in the
fall and winter while the sap is dormant. Any dis-
eased tissue that may be left over till spring will

serve as a source of infection from which blight i3
apt to spread as soon as growth commences again in
the spring. R. H. Peice.

Montgomery county, Va.

VIRGINIA STATE HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY.

The programme for the eighth annual meeting of
this Society to be held at the Court House in Pu-
laski City, Va., on the 2nd and 3rd December next
has just been issued. The meeting promises to be
a most interesting one as the different sessions will
be addressed by some of the most noted fruit growers
and horticulturista on topics of the greatest interest
and importance to fruit growers and truck farmers.
Amongst those scheduled to address the meetings are
the Hon. S. B. Woods, President ; G. H. Powell, of
the U. S. Department of Agriculture on "Handling
Fruit for Cold storage." L. H. Derby, of Woodside,
Del., on "Apple Culture in Delaware," Prof. Price,
of Long's Shop, Va., on "Small Canning Factories
in Virginia," Prof. Van Deman, Prof. Alwood,
S. H. Lupton and Geo. E. Murrell on other topics
of interest. The Governor of Virginia is also on the
programme for an address on "How best to advertise
the Resources of Virginia with special reference to
the State Exhibit at St. Louis." There will be an
exhibit of fruits and vegetables for the premiums
mentioned in our last issue. The following are the
classes for exhibition. Each exhibitor must be a
member of the Society and the exhibit must be the
groAvth of the exhibitor.

1. Best plate of Albemarle Pippins — Diploma
and prize.

2. 2nd best plate of Albemarle Pippins— Di-
ploma.

3. Best plate — "Grimes' Golden"- — Diploma and
prize.

4. 2nd best plate — "Grimes' Golden" — Diploma.
.5. Best plate — Arkansas (Black Twig) — ^Di-
ploma and prize.

C. 2nd best plate — Arkansas (Black Twig)- — Di-
ploma prize.

7. Best plate — York Imperial — ^Diploma and
prize.

8. 2nd best plate — York Imperial — Diploma.

9. Best plate — "Winesaps" — Diploma and prize.

10. 2nd best plate — "Winesaps" — Diploma.

11. ^lost attractively packed box package of ap-
ples— Diploma.

(This exhibit must illustrate grading as practiced
by exhibitor.)

12. The best exhibit of winter apples harvested
from sprayed trees (number of varieties not less

696

THE SOUTHERISr PLANTER

[November

than 3 or more than 10.) Diploma and "Empire
King" Spray Pump.

13. 2nd best exhibit of winter apples (same con-
ditions as above) — Diploma.

14. The best winter seeding apple — 50 apple
trees (offered bv ]\[r. J. A. Young, Greensboro,
N. C.)

15. The most promising new variety of apples —
Diploma.

10. (Sweepstake) for the best plate of any of the
above varieties — Diploma.

17. Best collection of any varieties — Diploma.

18. Best exhibit of vegetables — Diploma.

19. Best exhibit of ornamentals — Bucket spray
pump offered by Sydnor Company, Richmond, Va.

20. Best collection of vegetables — Prize, collec-
tion of garden seeds to value $2.50 (offered by
Messrs. T. W. Wood k Son, Richmond, Va.)

The prizes will be selected from the prize list when
completed for the different classes, except those of-
fered for particular displays (which are noted
above. )

Prizes will be offered for 2nd best collections if
there are sufficient for that purpose.

Further information as to the rules governing
these exhibits and the time and place of entry may
be obtained on application to the Secretary, Walter
Whateley, Orozet, Va.

By special arrangements, railroads have agreed to
rates as follows:

C. & 0., R. F. i: P., Washington and Southern
mil give a special rate of one and a third fares for
round trip by card order, apply to Secretary or local
Vice-President for card orders.

N. & W., A. C. L., S. A. L., and Southern Rail-
way four cents per mile one way distance for round
trip on application to local agents. All tickets re-
stricted to continuous journey in each direction and
will be sold November 30th and December 1st and
2nd, final limit 7th, 1003.

Maple Shade Inn offers special rat« to members
at $1.00 per day (American plan.)

Hotel Pulaski will accommodate members at $1.00
per day (American plan.)

FORCING RHUBARB IN THE DARK.

During the winter of 1S98 and 1899 the Depart-
ment of Horticulture at the University of Ohio first
attempted tbe forcing of rhubarb in the dark and in
so far as we know this was the first attempt in this
country to force this crop in any other than the
usual way, which had been common for a long time.
A quotation from "'The Forcing Book," by Pro-
fessor L. H. Bailey, will sufficiently describe the
old method. "Thoroughly established clumps are
dug in the fall, and these are packed in beds under-

neath the- greenhouse benches, sifting the soil in
tightly between the clumps, and then covering with
from two to six inches of soil. The temperature
should range as for lettuce and roses, or for very
quick results it may be much higher. » * *
About four or five weeks after planting under the
benches, is the iisual time required for the first pro-
fitable cutting. Paragon and Linnaeus varieties
may be used for earliest results, but the best crops
are to be obtained from some of the larger kinds,
like Victoria and Mammoth."

From the first the attempt to grow this crop in
total darkness met with success, and now the dark
growTi product can be found on the Columbus, Ohio,
market from the first of January until the outside
crop makes its appearance. In the first quarterly
of the Journal of the Columbus Horticultural So-
ciety for 1899 the results of this first experiment
and the methods employed were described by J. F.
Cunningham, then Assistant in Horticulture and
Forestry, at the University. For the last five years
the Horticultural Department has been profitably
engaged in this new industry, carried on in the man-
ner described in the above paper, with some few
modifications worthy of note which have already
been mentioned in notes from time to time since the
first publication.

Until last year cro\vns from three to five years old
were used for forcing purposes. In fact, it was
thought that even the three-year old crowns were too
young to be forced profitably. Last winter, how-
ever, we were led to try seedling roots, through
rather unexpected and perhaps unusual conditions.
Seed of the Linnaeus type was sown April 7, 1902,
in a rather sandy soil in drills twenty-four inches
apai't. The seed came up readily and the summer
was very favorable for its growth. The young plants
were cultivated once a \veek until the leaves pre-
vented the passage of the cultivator between the
rows. The plants were not thinned, the idea being
simply to grow plants to transplant the following
spring and allowed two more years" growth before
forcing. The plants were very thick and would un-
doubtedly have made a better growth had they been
thinned early in the spring. As it was, however,
the young plants made a wonderful growth. Visi-
tors refused to believe that these leaves, many of
them a foot across, with stalks fifteen to twenty
inches long and an inch thick, were produced from
seed sown the previous April.

Having more of these plants than we cared to
transplant, and being unable to secure old cro^vns to
fill our cellars, we determined to use every other row
of these seedlings for forcing. Accordingly, the
roots were plowed out early in the winter after they
had been thoroughly frozen and thawed again (the
work should be done before the ground freezes at

1903.]

THE SOUTHERN PLANTER.

697

all), and the cellar filled. A number sufficient to
fill the cellar the second time was spread in a thin
layer on the grovind and covered with a thin covering
of earth to prevent drying. Two crops were thiis
secured from the cellars during the winter.

The roots were packed as closely together as pos-
sible in the cellars, care being taken to have all the
crowns up, leaving walks aboiit a foot wide every
four feet. Soil was carefully sifted between the
roots which were finally covered about two or three
inches deep. The kind of soil used is not of so much
importance, as the stalks get their nourishment
from the food stored in the fleshy roots. Any good
garden loam will do. The whole was then thorough-
ly soaked with the hose and the room made perfectly
dark. In a very few days the stalks began to push
through the soil and in four weeks we pulled the fin-
est rhubarb we have ever seen.

From these small roots we ol)tained two pullings
of splendid stalks, two more of only fair stalks, and
two or three more smaller pullings of rather small
and spindly stalks. The first pulling is always the
best. The crop lasted about four weeks, making
eight weeks in all that the roots occupied the cellar.

The exhausted roots were now forked out of the
soil and a new supply brought in, using the same soil
to cover the second crop as was used for the first.
The second crop was simply a repetition of the first
excepting that the temperature ran a little too high
during the latter part of the period and we got more
spindling stalks. The temperature should never go
above 60° F., unless quick results are wanted at the
expense of quality and quantity.

We give the following average measurements and
weights of twelve stalks, which may be of interest :

Average length of stalk, 17.33 inches.

Average length of leaf blade, 4.45 inches.

.\verage total length of leaf, 21.70 inches.

Average width of leaf blade, 3.02 inches.

Average weight, 4.64 oz.

The crop sold for from GO cents to 75 cents per
dozen bunches, there being from four to six stalks in
a bunch. From three hundred and seventy square
feet of cellar space we sold $35.55 worth of rhubarb.
This yield, we believe, can be materially increased,
yet when it is remembered that this return was ob-
tained from space that would otherwise have been
idle, and from plants le.ss than one year old, which
had not been growni witli the intention of forcing at
this age, the possibilities of the industry becomes
apparent

The stalks receive practically all their nourish-
ment from the food stored wp in the fleshv roots dur-
ing the previous period of growth, and naturally the
larger the roots, provided they are healthy and vig-
orous, the larger will be the total crop received when
forced either in the light or in the dark. The roots

forced in the dark will be more productive than
those grown in the light, because all the strength of
the root is directed into the stem, rather than par-
tially into foliage. If by extra care in preparation
of the soil, selection of seed, thinning and cultivating
we are able to obtain roots large enough to secure
profitable returns within the year, we have made an
important step in supplying the market with this
well known garden escTilent throughout the winter
months and at a profit to the grower.

The fact that under the old system the roots must
occupy the ground from three to five years has pre-
vented many gardeners from forcing this plant ex-
cept in a small way. A very large immediate yield
lost its munificence when the rent on the ground oc-
ciipied for these years was considered.

By planting the seed on heavily man^ired loam soil
and thinning the plants to a distance of one foot in
the rows, with proper cultivation and mulching if
need be, we believe roots can be grown in a single
season which will give twice tlie yield received from
our experiment. If it can be done with certainty
from year to year the question of obtaining c^o^vns
for forcing purposes will be solved. It is worthy a
trial at lea.st. and we hope to experiment further in
this direction. V. H. D.wis.

■JournaJ of Colnmhiis TloriicvUnral Society.

In England the practise of forcing rhubarb in the
dark for the winter markets has been carried on
successfully for more than 30 years to our knowledge
and all the large markets of the country are con-
stantly supplied with beautifully grown stalks run-
ning from 2 to 3 feet in length and of a bright pink
color from December to the close of winter. This
rhubarb is in large demand there and makes deli-
cious pies and dishes of stewed fruit. There is no
reason whatever why we should not have the same
demand here and thus a market be made for a pro-
duct easily produced and of a most wholesome char-
acter. Here in the South the roots should be dug
from the open ground and be placed in the cellar in
ISTovember and December as soon as growth has
ceased and the leaves have died do-\vn. — Ed.

Gathering Apples.

Can you tell me what is the best time to gather
apples? They are ripe and falling fast. Do you
gather them before or after frost ? I have had mine
gathered and spread out on a floor. They usually
rot very fast. Subscriber.

Amhcrsl covnt^/, To.

Apples should always be gathered from the trees
a little under ripe, rather than fully ripe. WHieu
the seeds are turning brown and the stems will part
readily from the twigs when the fruit is pulled
lightly the crop is readv for gathering. — En.

698

THE SOUTHERX PLANTER.

[November

Live Stock and Dairy.

HOLLOW HORN— HOLLOW TAIL.

Editor Southern Planter:

The stand you take, re "hollow horn," "hollow
tail," in your September and October issues is the
correct one. There are no such diseases (except as
you say in the imagination), from which cattle suf-
fer generally. These organs — the horn and tail —
are not entirely exempt from diseased conditions, but
even those are rare, and most generally develop only
local s,\Tnptoms. In twenty years practical expe-
rience in the veterinary profession, I have seen cattle
suffer almost every known acute disease to which they
are heir, and then be subjected to further torture, at
the hands of ignorant people, upon the supposition
that they either had "hollow horn," or "hollow tail"
(and more frequently both), when upon a thorough
and intelligent examination, both were found in per-
fectly normal condition except for the damage done by
the barbarous treatment to which they were subjected.
The trouble, sir, is this, people don't investigate in-
telligently for themselves and acquaint themselves
with the normal appearance of these and other organs,
but merely jump at conclusions, and they are satisfied
with what their grand-parents told them for that
must be true. If such arguments were sound, the vet-
erinary and other scientific professions wovild not
make the progress they have made, especially the past
decade.

People who are ignorant upon the subject do not
realize the dangers they are exposing their animals
to by boring holes in the horns of animals, and pour-
ing in all sorts of irritants, of unknown action as far
as they are concerned, and leaving the holes open
exposing them to attacks of many parasites, es-
pecially the Blow fly. "Many such cases do suffer as
the result, and confirm the diagnosis of their tor-
mentors, when it actually becomes an I-told-you-so
affair. It would be imfair if I were to stop here
merely throwing out what many would call an un-
just criticism of their opinion, therefore, my real
purpose in addressing you upon this subject is to
clear up at least some of those old-time ideas which
our profession have taken from the mysterious and
arrayed among those which are now imderstood at
least more thoroughly.

The name "Hollow Horn," or Horn Evil, got its
name from the unnaturally low temperature of the
horns, which is an accompanying symptom of some
forms of digestive disturbance, especially impaction

of the rumen with solid food, where the nerve force
is weak or deficient, and the peristaltic action of the
miiseiilar coats of the stomach is suspended. Here we
find the animal standing with an arched back, disin-
clined to move, emits a grunting sound when breath-
ing, pulse quick and weak, bowels constipated, or an
offensive diarrlicea, horns cold, rumen pits on pressure
with the finger and pit remains, showing that its
coats are inactive, loss of cud. Strange as it may ap-
pear, the dullness and refusal of food and cold con-
dition of the horns, especially the latter are the only
conditions taken into account. Here is a case of
"hollow horn," a gimlet, some salt, pepper and tur-
pentine are the requirements. No readers, the cow
has indigestion and wants a purgative of epsom salts,
a liberal amount of clean pure water to drink, fol-
lowed by tonics, stimulants and more careful and too
frequently more generous diet and care. Jlany
yoimg cattle especially in the spring of the year, or
fall after a dry summer, become much emaciated for
want of proper food and present symptoms of general
debility, accompanied by unthriftness. On these ani-
mals the hair is dry and stands up: mucus mem-
branes become pale (bloodless") swellings appear
under the jaws and dependent parts of the body.
Those cattle want better cave and a gradually increas-
ing better diet of good well cured clover hay, (not
old bleached out stuff, that only contains the origi-
nal woody fiber), with corn and bran, and let me ad-
vise the reader that if his cattle are not worth this
sort of care then if they wish to remain in the cattle
business profitably the only reasonable solution of
the matter is, buy some that are. Improved breeds
are within the reach of all to-day and here is an argu-
ment which hits the scrub bull pretty hard. ^Hiile
these forms of indigestion and emaciation are not the
only ones that give argimients to the "hollow horn"
apostle, they are the most frequent, and a large per
cent, of that goes back to want of care and ]iroper
feeding.

Under the head of "hollow tail" besides what I
have enumerated, for I have yet to find any symptom
by which it may be distinguished, we do find a
few, at least more numerous conditions in support of
the argument in favor of a real disease, yet when in-
vestigated it is almost entirely the effect instead of
the cause. Grub in the tail might and no doubt does
exist. So it exists in the back, yet are all cattle with
grubs in their backs, late in the winter and early

11)03.]

THE SOUTHEKN PLANTER.

699

spring, subjected to snch treatment as splitting open
the skin and pouring in salt and popper and why not?
One who knows the anatomy and physiology would
naturally suppose that those in the back were in a
position, in closer proximity to vital organs, to create
more disturbance than those at the end of the tail.
The fact is this, when grubs as they are called, are
found to exist in the tail they are merely the larva of
some parasite, and probably a stray Hypoderma Line-
ata, which is actually doing less damage there than its
kin folk, which are in their proper place, and destroy-
ing the skin as they develop and prepare their exit.
Again the tail is an organ which frequently suffers
injiiry and goes throiigh the same changes as other
organs similarly damaged. Then again during ex-
treme emaciation from want of care it is not infre-
quent to find the end of the tail suflFer for want of
sufficient circulation to keep the tissues nourished,
being farthest from the center of the circulation.
This is also an effect and not the cause. Again, cattle
may have ever so good care and an abundance of ap-
parently good food, yet if such food is contaminated
with the fungus disease known as ergot, which fre-
quently follows a wet season, we invariably have a
starved condition of the tissues commencing at the
end of the tail, tips of ears and above the feet, accom-
panied by convulsions, which is known as convulsive
ergotism. The reason is simply this, the action of
ergot on the system is to lessen the caliber of the arti-
rioles (small arteries imder control of the nervous
system) and restrict the flow of blood to the parts.
Those situated farthest from the heart or where the
blood pressure is least, are the first to suffer, and a
dead, dry gangrenoiis condition of the feet, ears or
tail, are the effect and not the cause. The treatment
does not consist in removing the dead tissue, but to
stop the supply of ergot, remove the cause.

T beg to thank yo\; for allowing so much space and
patience to this matter, and if only we can convert
a few erring ones and induce them to investigate im-
partially for themselves, and stop their barbarous
treatment where it does absolutely no good and often
much haiTu, biit go at things more intelligently, by
treating the cause rather than the effect, then we
have this day "triily done something."

Jonx Spencer,
Professor Veterinarv Science.

Virginia Poly. Inst., BlacJcsburg, Va.

TICK OR TEXAS FEVER.

Editor Southern Planter:

T heartily agree with you on this subject of Texas
Fever ticks as stated in your October issue. If the

instructions laid down there were as vigorously fol-
lowed out as the quarantine authorities have been
opposed oil this tick question in the State of Vir-
ginia the entire State would soon breathe the air of
freedom as far as ticks and Texas fever are con-
cerned. I am personally acquainted with Dr. But-
ler, the author of your quotation, as we were grad-
iiates of the same class, and know him to be a gentle-
man of sound judgment and indomitable persever-
ance, such as every State shoiild have managing its
quarantine affairs.

Texas Fever can only be transmitted (except by
direct innoculation) by the Texas Fever tick (Boop-
hilus anniilatis) and upon the eradication of this tick
and this only can the disease be stamped out and the
Federal quarantine be dispensed with.

John Spencer,
Professor Veterinary Science.

Va. Polytechnic Institute, Blaclshurg, Va.

PURE BRED CATTLE IN THE SOUTH.

Editor Southern Planter:

Mr. 0. A. Williams, of Kalifax county, N". C,
contributes to your September issue a long letter on
the subject of '"keeping pure bred cattle in the south."
The impressions given by a casiial reading of this le1>
ter are utterly at variance with its final conclusions.
The writer starts out with a jeremiad account of cat-
tle losses from ticks and fever and closes with an in-
vitation to the world to come and inspect his immune
bulls in proof that "the pure bred cattle business can
be made a success" even in a "tick district." Mr.
Williams' case shows two things and only two. It
shows : —

1st. He lives where ticks abound like "autumn
leaves that strew the brooks in Vallambrosa."

2nd. Even in a Paradise of the parasites, nothing
is needed, absolutely nothing, biit inoculation.

Our Tar-heel friend is a royal, good fellow. We
sympathize with him. He deserves success. Now
that he has learned a few things about a new busi-
ness he will achieve success. Having put his hand
to the plow he is the last man to give up and lie down
in the furrow in full prospect of a legitimate harvest.
If he wants to find the money he has lost, let us as-
sure him he must look for it exactly where he lost it.
No business is exempt from difficulties. The pure
bred cattle business in the south presents fewer diffi-
culties than any other enterprise open to our peopla
It offers better returns upon less capital and labor.
We know that in some sections the cattle tick is a
great pest, but even there a little time and attention

700

THE SOUTHEKN PLANTER.

[November

will fix the feature of impossibility upon the prob-
lem of his mischief. In the Planter of Septeml>er,
1902, read what another Mr. Williams, of N. C,
said to the Breeder's Gazette : —

"My method of clearing the farm of ticks has been
this: — the cattle were inspected almost daily during
the season and no tick was allowed to mature and
drop off. I prevented this b^y washing my cattle with
a strong solution of water, kerosene oil and sulphur.
If this solution is thoroughly applied it will kill the
young ticks and the old ones as M'ell. If no ticks are
allowed to mature and drop in the pastures the farm
will soon be free of ticks. To cure a tick fevered
cow, first give a liberal drench of salts, then follow
with liberal drenches of sulphur. The finest cow in
our herd to-day had as bad a case of fever last sum-
mer as we ever saw." W. M. Watkins & Sons.

Charlotte county, Va.

FOREST HOME DAIRY FARM, LOUDOUN CO., VA.

l^airy faimiing in tlie South has until within a
very recent period been almost wholly neglected and
even yet is confined to practically a very small number
of farmers out of the gross total of those making their
living off the land and yet it is a business with one of
the gi'eatest opportunities before it in this country
and wherever it has become the staple branch of
farming in any State or locality it has resulted in

't ♦

felL

enhancing largely the value of the land and the
wealth of the community. This is evidenced by the
prosperous condition of the farmers in sections of
Wisconsin where cheese and butter making are staple
industries, in the section around Elgin in Illinois
where butter making is a great industry and in New
York state where milk and cream is largely produced.

Around nearly all the large cities of the North and
East there is a zone of country from which the milk
supply of those cities is drawn where land is much
higher in value than elsewhere in the State and
where the farmers are much more prosperous. In
the South Ibis condition has not been reached to any
considerable extent an\"where as the people of the
cities have not yet realised the full value of milk

'f^y^-,; :-:.iftH?t^i^:M

as a food. Recent statistics go to show that the con-
sumption of milk and cream per capita in the cities
of the South is uot one-half of the consumption per
capita in the North. There are few cities in the
South where the consumption of milk exceeds one
third of a pint per head per day and in some cities
it falls to one-fourth of a pint. In some of the cities
of the North it reaches one pint per head per day
and the average exceeds one-half pint per head. The
consumption of cream is in the like degree small in
the South, indeed in many cities it is practically im-
possible to obtain cream. On a few farms in this
State advantage has beeti taken of this realised want
of milk and cream in the cities and dairy farming
has become an established business and wherever this
has been done under proper conditions financial suc-
cess has followed, but we have not as yet made the
business a recognized one by the establishment of
milk and butter factories where the handling of the
milk of a locality is centralized and conducted as a
conmiercial undertaking. One of these farms where
the business of supplying cream to AVashington City
is being successfully conducted is the Forest Home
Farm in Loudoun county, owned and operated by
IT. T. Pan coast. Mr. Pancoast has cq\iipped the
farm with a fine barn with stalls for fiO cows, well
lighted, ventilated and supplied with pure water and
with every appliance necessary to kee]i the same per-

190S.]

THE SOUTHERN PLANTER.

701

fectly clean and sweet. Silos having a capacity of
500 tons hold a large part of the feed for the stock
and a 15 horse power engine and 20 horse power
boiler supply power to nin the machinery and steam
and hot water to sterilize and keep clean and sweet
all dairy ntensils. The milk of the herd of 50 pure
bred registered Jerseys is separated by a DeLaval
Separator and the cream after being sterilized and
cooled is shipped in jacketed cans to Washington
City. Mr. Pancoast also buys and separates the milk
of a number of his farm neighbors and thus enables
them to share in the advantages of dairying. The

separated milk is fed to a herd of Berkshire hogs of
the finest breeding. For these hogs and for his Jer-
sey cattle Mr. Pancoast has secured a repiitation and
is building up a fine business selling the young ani-
mals all over the South. The farm is situate in a
fine section of Loudoun county, one of the most fer-
tile counties in the State, and is producing fine crops
and gradually growing in fertility from the applica-
tion of the manure from the large quantity of live
animals kept iipon it. We give views of the outside
and inside of the cattle barn and of a few of the
choice Jersey cows showing their fine udder develop-
ment.

SOUTHWEST VIRGINIA FAIR, RADFORD, VA.

At this fair last month there was a fine exhibit of
pure bred cattle frini the breeders of Southwest Vir-
ginia. The classes shown were Short Horns, Here-
fords and Polled Angus. The number exhibited in
all classes was 95. --

The exhibitors of Short Horns were ]\rajor John
T. Cowan, of Montgomery: Major W. W. Bentley,
of Pulaski; Virginia Polytechnic Institute; C. E.

Bryant, of Grayson county ; W. W. George, of Smyth
county; J. G. Davis, of Grayson, and Ex-Govemor
Tyler, of Radford.

Major Cowan had the largest exhibit, his herd
being represented by twenty-five splendid cattle, that
won over $5.')0 in premiums. The finest of his herd
was a bull between two and three years of age, "Blood
Royal," recently piirchased from the herd of E. K.
Thomas, of Paris, TCy. This superb animal won the
premium as the best Short Horn b\ill on the groimds.
Another of his prize-winners was a beaiTtiful snow-
white yearling bull weighing 915 pounds. Still an-
other was Gwendoline XL, a cow weighing 1,500
pounds, and the winner of many premiums.

The largest animal on the ground was Mr. Bryant's
bull, "Duke of Beechwood," which weighed 2,400
pounds. "Governor Tyler," the property of Virginia
Polytechnic Tnstitiite, was another Short Horn bull
that took a first premium. His weight is 2, .300
pounds.

The exhibitors of Herefords were S. W. Anderson,
of Greenbrier county, W. Va. ; Haynes L. Morgan,
of Smyth county, Va. ; Virginia Polytechnic Insti-
tute ; C. B. Einstein, of Montgomery, and Edgar
Phipps, of Grayson county. Mr. Anderson's herd
was represented by twenty-four white-faced beauties,
and his premiums amounted to $600.

Among the other prize-winners were "Crimson
Rambler" and "Marmaduke," owned by Haynes L.
Morgan, and "'Governor," owned by Major Bentley.

The Short Horn premiums amounted to $1,000,
the Herefords to $1,000 and the Polled Angus to
$400. All of the premiums on Angus cattle were
Avon bv Vira;inia Polvtechnic Institute.

A CONVENIENT HOG BARN.

Editor Southern Planter:

Will you kindly submit in the columns of your
most valuable paper a plan of a hog house, large
enough to accommodate 12 brood sows and their
probable increase, say 72 pigs, keeping in view the
qxiestion of sanitary conditions and the saving of the
manure in the most economical way, with plank or
cement -floor. A Subscriber.

NorfoJh county. Va.

The following description by Prof. Soule of a hog
house erected at the Tennessee Experimental Station
which we take from The Practical Farmer, will
meet this request of o\ir subscriber. The house seems
to be very conveniently arranged, but if we were
building one we would increase the width of the house
8 feet and make a gangway or alley A- feet wide on the
outer side of the pens and feed slop food from this
alley into troughs fixed in that side of the pen instead
of havinji the troughs next to the middle allev. We

702

THE SOUTHERN PLANTER.

[November

would let the floors of the pens slope from the centre
alley to the outside and raise the troughs an inch or
two above the floor. Fixed in this way all liquid
splashed out of the troughs would immediately drain
away from the pens out into the yards together with
all the liquid voidings of the animals a gutter being
laid just outside the pens in the alley to carry this
away into the yards at fixed points. The pens would
thus always be kept dry and clean. Dry food could
be fed from the centre alley on to the dry floor of the
pens. Instead of the floors of the pens being partially
wood and partially ashes we would concrete the floor
of the M'hole house before fixing the pens making
provision by the insertion of posts at the proper
places for the pen divisions before laying the con-
crete. This is the only effectual way to keep the floor
of the pens level and dry. Hogo will root unless pre-
vented by either concrete or stone and a floor rooted
up is always more or less a wet one. The pens for
breeding sows should have a fender rail 4x4 fixed
6 inches above the floor and C inches from the sides
of the pen to prevent the little pigs from being
crushed by being laid on. When the pigs are weaned
they should live as much as j^ossible out in the fields
or hog lots and only require a shed for protection
from sun and storms except in cold wintry weather
wlien they should be kept in the pens in the house.
The following is the description above referred to :
A hog barn was erected a little over a year ago on
the University farm which has ]iroven to be very sat-
isfactory in its arrangement, and as it was erected at
a moderate cost, some facts concerning its construc-
tion will doubtless interest swine breeders who may
contemplate erecting buildings at an early date. This
barn, with yards and all complete, cost about $400.
It is 18 feet wide and 100 feet long, and contains a
feed room at one end 16x18 feet and IG pens 7x8
feet, with a 4-foot passage down the centre. Eight
of these pens open directly into yards 8 feet wide and
50 feet long. These are intended primarily for
brood sows and young pigs, in order that they may
go out and enjoy all the sunshine and fresh air pos-
silile. The eight pens on the other side are intended
primarily for the fattening of experimental animals.
Tliey could easily be utilized for breeding animals,
if so desired, as the doors to each pen are exactly 4
feet wide and those on each side of the passage are
s^ning from the opposite side, so when any two are
open they form a complete runaway across the hall
so that animals can be conveniently transferred from
one side of the house to the otlier. The partitions be-
tween the pens are movable, so that if desirable one
pen 7x1 fi feet can be made. The flooring extends
under the troughs and covers 3 feet of the pens. The

troughs and flooring are laid on a heavy bed of coal
cinders, which protects them from the damp and pre-
vents their rapid decay. The flooring is made of
lixl2-inch oak planks, both for the stalls and for
the hallway as well. The balance of the pen is kept
well filled with coal cinders or bedding, according
to the season of the year. The principal objection to
coal cinders is that it makes white hogs look very un-
sightly, but for black hogs it does not make so much
difference. As the hogs are fond of cinders and eat
them quite freely, they answer a very iiseful purpose
in the economy of the hog. The feeding troughs are
5 feet 9 inches long, lOi inches wide and 10 inches
high. They may be preserved almost indefinitely by
lining with a single sheet of galvanized iron metal,
which prevents them from becoming sour and in-
fested with Tindesirable bacteria, which may later
breed some form of disease. When covered with a
single sheet of metal in this way they can be effec-
tually sprayed, as can the whole building, once a week
or oftener, with some disinfectant material. Gates
5 feet 9 inches long are swung over each trough.
These gates are provided with a wooden slot and han-
dle so they can be lifted up and held by the back side
of the trough imtil the food is placed therein wlien
the latch is again lifted and they are adjusted to a
normal position. This keeps the hogs out of the
trough until the food is properly distributed and
saves ranch annoyance and loss of time and food as
well.

A window is provided for each pen in the barn,
and a door is placed directly underneath each win-
dow on the side o])ening into the yards. This gives
IS windows to the building, and as they are
2x10x3x4 inches with six panes 10x18 inches, they
admit plenty of light and air. They ai'e set in slots
and can be moved to one side at will.

The sills and corner posts of the building should
be constructed of 4x()S. The rafters should be 2x6s,
and the studding 2x4s or 2xCs if special durability is
desired; ^xl0xl2 siding should be used, and Jx2 inch
liattens. Matched flooring should also be used for
the feed room. The building described is 8 feet high
at the rear and 12 feet at the front. It has proven
satisfactory in every way, providing an abundance
of light and fresh air at all seasons of the year, and
as it will house from 50 to 75 hogs, depending on the
size, considering the first cost, it should nrove a cheap
and satisfactory pen.

Don't turn the cows out in the cold autu?nn rains
and storms.

Don't scrimp the feed when the cows leave the pas-
ture.

Don't milk witfi wet hands.

1903.]

THE SOUTHERN PLANTER.

703

The Poultry Yard.

PREPARING FOR WINTER.

Now that work does not press so closely, just take
a day off from farm work and give it to the hens.
Have the honse thoroughly cleaned, burn uj^ all old
nests and trash of every kind; repair all defective
places and especially all broken windows and close up
most of the ventilators. In winter very little ven-
tilation will suffice to keep the atmosphere pure, and
excess of it means roup and non-laying hens. When
all repairs are completed, lime wash the house and
nest boxes, mixing a little kerosene iii the wash.
Then put a good layer of fine gravel or sharp sand on
the floor and cover with leaves or short cut straw.
Cull out all old hens and and siirplus roosters and
either sell or eat them. They will be non-producers
at the time when the cost of production is the highest.
Arrange to begin feeding every day a warm mash in
the morning, made up of bran, corn meal and oatmeal
in equal parts. Scald this and feed at once. When
the morning is very cold add a pinch or two of black
pepper or boil some red pepper pods in the water.
See that therp is always a good supply of fresh water
in the troughs and in very cold weather this may
with advantage be warmed just sufficient to take the
chill off. Feed hard grain, wheat and corn mixed
at night.

HOW LAYERS ARE MADE.

If market prices follow the natural course of events
there will be good prices ruling for eggs through No
vemlier and necember, and every one will want to be
on the ground floor. To get there the first move will
be to kill off all hens over eighteen months old ; then
out of the remaining year-old hens, and this year's
pullets, select any that are known to be very poor
layers and relegate them to the culinary department.
The remainins: stock is then the most suitable for eg
producing. If there is an over supply of pullets and
yearling hens remember that the TMay hatched pullets,
if they have had good treatment, make the best fall
and winter lavers. Tlie flock can then be reduced
accordingly. Properly, the flock should be reduced
to its working size by the twentieth of the month, and
from then on can be crowded for profitable opera-
tions.

In connection with getting the flock into working
order, the results of a trial at the Central Experimen
tal Farm Inst year are interesting. On October 22d,
seventy birds were enclosed in comfortable quarters
with limited runs, and one hundred and forty-seven
were left out to run over a large range. Winter lav
ins had not besrun in either lot, and both were fed

the same rations. At the end of November the en-
closed lots had laid 193 eggs, and those having a
large run had laid 1-32; the advantage very clearly
being with those that were enclosed, and thus en-
couraged to begin laying. By the middle of Decem-
ber, however, laying was general in both flocks. The
average age at which the pullets began laying was
five months. — Farmer's Advocate, (Canada.)

WHY THE HENS DO NOT LAY.

The reason your hens do not lay any better is, I
believe, you are feeding a too narrow ration. While
many poultry raisers feed oats I do not iise them at
all now. The hens do not like them and will eat up
everything they can get before they will eat the oats.
I do not believe in compelling my fowls to eat what
they do not want. Nature seems to have given an
appetite to fowls for the kind of food the system calls
for. The oats would be all right if we could dispose
of the sharp pointed burr or husk. Corn and wheat
are all riglit, especially the wheat. So are the green
feeds ; but if your mash is composed of nothing biit
bran it is not sufllcient. Try a chop of fine ground
oats, corn and Avheat, with one and one-half pints of
good meat meal to every three gallons of mixed soft
feed, and above all give plenty of good, fresh water.
I cannot agree with Mv. Clipp in regard to oyster
shells. The laying hens are fairly ravenons for shell
and if they are not constantly supplied will cat it like
corn when they do get the chance. I find that if my
yarded fowls do not have shell they will eat their
eggs. A neighbor asked me what she could do to
keep her hens from eating eggs, as they would eat
every egg they could find. I told her to try oyst-er
shells, and they quit at once. That woman will not
do without shell at all. Before we went into the
poultry business and made a study of it we would
lose a large number of fowls with various diseases,
mostly cholera, hut since we use oyster shell on the
inside and loiise powder on the outside of the fowls
we have not had a single case of cholera. — National
Stoclcman.

POULTRY SHOW IN RICHMOND, VA.

The Virginia Poultry and Pet Stock Association
will have its annual exhibition in the Masonic Tem-
ple, Richmond, 23d to 2Sth November. The pre-
mium list is a heavy one. and the judges experts and
reliable men. Dogs will also be a prominent feature
at the show, under the auspices of the Virginia Ken-
nel Club. See advertisement of the show in this
issue. We would like to see a great success achieved.
The poultry interest is now a great one in the South.

704

THE SOUTHERX PLANTER.

[November

The Horse.

NOTES.

Richmond's third annual Horse Show was a grand
sucwss in point of attendance, the character of ex-
hibits and financially, and interest never seemed to
flag from the rise of the curtain on Tuesday evening,
October 13th until the close on the follo^ving Satur-
day. The management of the Association made up
of President J. T. -Vnderson; Vice-President Harry
C. Beattie, Secretary W. 0. "Warthen, ilanager C.
W. Smith and otherS; were well pleased over the re-
sult and are already maturing plans for a show to be
held on even a grander scale in lOO-i. And all of
this in spite of the financial depression which has
strongly affected Richmond. Well known stables
from prominent northern centres were here in force
with prize winners that have held their ovm at the
big shows all down the line, but at that, Virginia
horses made a grand display and their work on the
tan bark brought forth unbounded applause. This,
of course, applies mostly to hunters and iiunpers, be-
cause harness horses like those exhibited by Dr. W.
E. Woodend, Mrs. John Gerken, Mrs. James B. M.
Grosvenor, G. Trowbridge Hollister, Mrs. A. E.
Deiterich and others were of a very high class and
able to compete successfully in any company, but
even then home bred products were in evidence. The
four-in-hand driving of the noted whips, Charles
Fo\vnes with Dr. Woodend's horses, and Jack Don
nelly with those of Mr. Trowbridge and Mrs. Hol-
lister was a revelation to Richmond audiences. Sid
ney J. HoUoway, with his sister, iliss Maria Hollo
way, of Scarsdale, X. Y., broiight do^vn the well
known hunters and jumpers. Chappie and Freelance
and their horsemanship was simply grand. Howard
Willet's. of White Plains, had the world's champion
high jumper Heatherbloom, Toronto and several
others in charge of Richard Donnelly. Heather-
bloom was booked to jump against the record, but
was drawn on account of the death of Mr. Willet's
son and Donnelly sent his own horse Rifle over the
jumps on Saturday night at seven feet, two inches.
The display of Virginia bred hunters and jumpers
was great, among them being .\maret, Hornpipe,
Buck and others that have won at the big shows.
Amontr the best known Virginia exhibitors were
Chas. H. Hurkamp, Harry C. Beattie, T. L. Evans,
J. B. ifcComb, "Morris tt Joslin, l^^r. and Mrs. Blair
Johnson, 1-. D. Passano Jr., R. il. Taylor, C. W.
Smith, J. Stewart Bryan. ^Miss Louise Selden, R. C.
Seldcn and others.

The largest winners at the Richmond Horse Show
were Dr. and INfrs. W. E. Woodend, of Xew York,
who are credited with $1,750, but thev had the large

stable here, niunbering some 16 harness and saddle
horses, while iMrs. James B. M. Grosvenor followed
with $750, G. Trowbride Hollister, with $725, Mrs.
John Gerken with $520, Thomas Deford with $30.0,
Charles Pfizer with $250, R. JI. Taylor with $175
and Mrs. A. E. Deiterich with $250. These were
from a distance but Virginia horses did well and
their owners stand credited as follows: E. A. Saun-
ders, $325, Garber tV Garber, $175, John Tverr
Branch, $200, W. E. Boeing, $150, Mr. and :M:rs.
J. Stewart Brvan, $247.50, "T. L. Evans, $183, L.
D. Passano, Jr., $167, D. B. Tennant, $112.50,
INlcComb (t Snvder, $150. Hon. Henrv Fairfax,
$100, John H.' Selden, $100, B. S. Forbes, $100,
IMrs. Blair Johnston, $150. In this list the most
noteworthy winners are Mrs. Blair Johnston with
Robin Adair and Lord Chesterfield, both of whom
were in the saddle classes, and Charles H. Hurkamp,
who only had three horses and was here three days.
Amarct, Hornpipe and Alan-a-dale made up the Hur-
kamp stable. Three blues and a couple of red rib-
bons went to Amaret, one blue to Hornpipe and Alan-
a-dale, a green horse, followed with one yellow ribbon.

Through an advertisement in the Pi-axteb, which
in passing I may add is excelled as an advertising
medium by no journal in the land treating on similar
subjects, to which replies were received from widely
different sections, T have sold to W. C. ^McMackin,
superintendent of the speed department of the Xorth
Carolina Agricultural Society, Raleigh, the bay
stallion ^Mialebone, 7S72, by Abdallah Wilkes, son
of G-eorge Wilkes; dam MollyO., by Abdallah, 15,
the sire of Goldsmith ^laid 2 :14 ; the famous sires
Almont, Belmont, etc. !Mr. ^fcMackin will drive
AVlialebone on the road and use him in the stud. The
son of Abdallah AVilkes has size, finish and good
looks, and his get take after him. Five of his daugh-
ters were bred in the spring to Pilot Medium, Jr.,
2 :00 3-4, who holds a world's record to cart : and to
D. C. Lester, sheriff of Polk county. Hatfield, Ar-
kansas, the brown colt Featherbone. 38363, foaled
]\ray 27, 1902, by WHialebone, dam Alcvrene,
2:27 "3-4, trial 2:19 1-4, by the famous dead" Alcy-
one, 2 :27. This colt is well formed, handsome and
of nice size, while his action and gait betoken both
speed and race horse quality. Featherbone was piir-
chnsed by !Mr. Lester to place in the stud. His dam,
Alcvrene, I sold last spring to !M. W. Savage, owner
of ban Patch. 1:50; Directum, 2:05 1-4, etc.. and
she is now a member of the great band of brood mares
in his stud. Alcvrene was bred to Directum.
Jt jt jt

That ever popular and meritorious organization,

1903.]

THE SOUTHEEN PLANTEK.

7o:.

tho Deep Run Hunt Chib is evidently taking on new
life, as a meeting was recently held at the Westmore-
land Club and matters of importance discussed, while
officers for the ensuing year were elected. The Hunt
Club has i^layed an important part here since its or-
ganization more than a decade since, not only social-
ly, but in stimulating an interest in well bred horses
and creating a demand for hunters and jumpers, like-
wise in the development of such, and drawing the at-
tention of the outside world to Virginia's splendid re-
soiirces in that direction. It is likely that the pres-
ent headquarters of the club may be changed at an
early date and other sports, including shooting and
golf, added. A number of members are favorable
to having a country ehib house out on the Cary street
road and the impression prevails that the Hermitage
Club and Hunt Club are likely to unite in securing
a home. The officers elected : President, Cotesworth
C. Pinkney; Vice-President, W. Otto ISTolting; Sec-
retary and Treasurer, Major P. A. Wellford ; M. P.
H., Mr. Harry C. Peattie ; Board of Directors,
^Messrs. Joseph Willard, J. Stewart Bryan, Harry C.
Beattie, J. T. Anderson, Frank W. Christian, Car-
ter W. Branch, H. S. Hawes, Barton H. Grundv and
Dr. J. A. White.

^ j» :»

At the sale of imported thoroughbred brood mares,
yearlings and weanlings consigned by Doiiglas H.
Grand, of Kent, England, and sold under the man-
agement of the American Blood Stock ji\.gency at the
American Horse Exchange, 'Rew York, October 2nd,
Eobert ^N'eville, Welboume, Virginia, was among the
purchasers and secured the following: Cashla. chest-
nut mare, 11 by Berid Or, dam Ashgrove, by Albert
Victor. $500 ; chestnut filly, weanling, by Q\ieen'
Birthday, dam Cashla. $50 ; bay colt, weanling, by
Freak, dam Sunspot, by Prism, $100: chestnut filly,
weanling, by Carlton Grange, dam Claire, by Low-
lander, $75 : bay colt, weanling, by "Missel Thrush,
dam Armoury, by Mouron, bay filly, weanling, by
Earwig, dam Ravello. by Sir Hugo, $75 : chestnut
colt, yearling, by El Diablo, dam Australian Gold,
bv Bendigo, $175.

Jt jt Jt

Capt. Edward P. Baird, breeder of thoroughbred
harness horses, hunters and jumpers at Epping For-
est Stud Farm, Occupacia, Va., ^NT-ites me that he
is well pleased with the condition of his stock, all of
them on the farm. The thoroughbred department
includes the brood mares imp. Pleasure, a chestnut,
fonled 1889, by Fortissimo, dam ^fy Beauty, by II
Gladiatore, bred to Judge Morrow, and Xiofe, bv
Eolus, dam Xita, by imp. Billet ; bred to Chiswick.
Lotus Lilly, bay filly, yearling, by imp. Water Level,
dam Evanseline CMsnems, by Eon: Iron Prince,
chestnut colt, yearling, by Chiswick, dam imp. Pleas-
ure, and Kepstone. black colt, weanling, by Iron

Crown, dam imp. Pleasure. Capt. Baird also has
some good looking half breds from standard bred
mares, among them a couple of handsome geldings
4 and 5, which are being driven to pole,

Mr. Chamblin's Lucky Clover, bay gelding, 5, by
Flatlands, dam Lucky Clover, by Bersan, certainly
won the title of our champion steplechaser by win-
ning the great $10,000 steeplechase at ^lorris Park,
iNTew York, on October 3, with 167 pounds on his
back and defeating the best horses in training, among
others the well known Self Protection, a winner of'
this event last season and who was once regraded as a
likely candidate for English Grand ^National honors.
Land of Clover was bred by J. H. McGavock, Fort
Chiswell Stud, ^fax Meadows. Va., and sired by
Flatlands, the son of imp. Woodlands and Maggie
B. B., dam of Iroquois. Flatlands heads the Fort
Chiswell Stud and has sired among other winners
this season Gallant, ^[iss Liza and Old Mike, all of
whom were bred at Fort Chiswell. Gallant is owned
by C. D. Hutzler, of this city, for whom he has won
some good races at the Chicago tracks.

At famous Belle Meade Stud's dispersal sale,
which took place recently at 'New York, the former
noted race mare ^la Belle, a product of the Ellerslie
Stud, by imp. Charaxus. dam Ada Belle, by Molus,
was purchased by P. C. Brien for $1,050. Ma Belle
is 15 years old and has been a matron at Belle Meade
for some years past. The Belle Meade horses were
sold in Xew York and the highest price obtained was
$15,000 for The Commoner, chestnut horse, H, by
Hanover, dam Margerine, by Algerina. the Virginia
bred son of Abdel Eader and famoiTS T^ina, by Bos-

+Q« ^^ t^ ^S

The Tranter-TCenney Company, of Lexington,
Ky., offered a prize of $25 for a name best suited to
the yearling colt by Jay "McGregor, dam Millionaire,
by Norwood. Something like one thousand names
were submitted from many different sections, but the
prize went to J. H. Wingate. City Engineer, of Poa-
noke, Va., who chose the name Plutocrat and got the
prize.

President J. T. Anderson, of the Richmond Horsa
Show Association, is authority for the statement that
the profits of tho recent exhibit here were $10,000.
The total expenses were $20,000 and the receipts
from all sources reached $30,000, thus leaving quite
a nice balance on which to do business next year.

Dan Patch has again beaten the record. having gone
the distance at ^Femphis on the 22d October in 1.56:},
and this without n wind shield in front of him. Re-
cords are now being smashed so rapidly that we can-
not keep pace witli them. Broad Rock.

706

THE SOUTHERX PLANTER.

[November

Miscellaneous.

COURT DAY IN VIRGINIA.

This old institution of the State is now almost a
thing of the past. In a few months, under the pro-
visions of the new Constitution, the county eonrts will
he abolished and circuit courts held at longer inter-
vals will take their place. We rejoice at this change.
It is one which we had long advocated. There was
no reason whatever why the taxes of the people should
be ex]-)ended in maintaining 100 county court judges
with the necessary staffs, when a much less number
could easily discharge the duties. Economy and effi-
ciency both demanded the change. Whilst, however,
we rejoice in the abolishing of the courts, we do not
wish to see the gathering of the people together on the
conrt days abolished. In order that this may not
follow, we suggest that the county authorities and the
people should, before the new Constitutional pro-
visions come into operation, meet on a court day and
make the necessary arrangements for continuing the
court days as monthly markets at which the citizens
of the counties can meet and dispose of their live and
dead farm products. In England every county town
and most other towns in the counties, have a certain
day in each week which is known as "market day."
These are old established institutions, many of them
dating back hundreds of years. On these particular
days, and also on two or three other days in the year,
known as "fair days," the farmers bring in their pro-
duce of all kinds and dealers and buyers from all over
the county and from adjoining counties and cities
attend to buy the same. In this way a large business
is done, everv one knowing that buyers and seller
will be tliere for products of every kind. There is no
reason whatever why this same system of markets and
fairs cannot be established here, and usefully take the
place of the old "court day," affording an opportunity
much needed, of a place to buy and sell, and also for
the meeting of the people to discuss business and
local and national qxiestions. The Coimty Board of
Supervisors and other coimty authorities should ar
range their meetings so as to be held also on these
market days, and thus aid in establishing the market
by bringing the people together. We commend this
suggestion to the attention of the authorities and peo
pie of each county, and shall be glad to hear the views
of the people on the subject. In the words of the
•rood old Book, we would sayr "Forsake not the as-
■ ■•mblinff of yourselves together." There is too much

isolation amongst farmers already. Get together and
correct this.

ICE HOUSE BUILDING.

We have several enquiries as to the building of an
ice house, and as to whether we advise a house above
ground or a pit in the ground as a storage place for
ice. In reply to these, we will say that we strongly
prefer a house above ground to a pit for many rea-
sons. In the first place, it is easier built than a pit
is dug. In the next place, it is more economical and
saving of ice than a pit, and it is also easier to fill and
to empty. A house for keeping ice should be built on
high, dry gi-ound. with easy means of good drainage,
for upon perfect drainage of water from the ice, and
good ventilation over the top of it, depends largely
the economical storage of the article. The other con-
ditions requisite for sTiccess in storing is such a house
as will effectually exclude the air from the ice and
maintain an equable low temperature. The best ice
house, is practically a house within a house. The
s]iace between the inner lining and the outer house
should be from 12 to 15 inches, and this space should
he packed tight with sawdust or some other non-eon-
ducting substance, but sawdust is usually the cheap-
est and most easily obtained. This double wall fea-
ture shoiild be extended to the roof, which should be
also double and packed like the side walls. Double
doors should also be provided, and the inter\'ening
space be packed with bags of sawdust when the house
is closed. The floor shoiild be raised a few inches
above the ground level, say 6 inches, and shoiild be
laid with battens an inch apart to permit of drain-
age from the melting ice. The water thus draining
from the ice should be drained away from the house by
a pipe drain, which should have a bend in it, which
will hold water the full circumference of the pipe,
so as to completely exclude air from the ice house.
In the gables of the roof there should be fixed two
ventilators, which will carry off all heated air from
the top of the ice. As the ice is filled in it should be
chunked with ice between the blocks and should be
covered with 12 or 15 inches of sawdust, over which
should be spread a thick covering of marsh hay or fine
cut straw. Ice weighs about 50 pounds to the cubic
foot, so that it i? easy to calculate what size of house
is necessary when the daily consumption is knoA\Ti.
A house 10x10x10 will hold 1,000 cubic feet of ice,

1903.]

THE SOUTHEKN PLANTER.

707

or about 2.5 tons, this after allowing for wasting by
melting will provide 200 pounds per day for 150
days, an ample supply for a large lionsebold and for
a dairy. If tlie ice house can be built on the north
side of other buildings overshadowing it or under a
large tree it will be desirable to build there, as these
will protect it from the rays of the hot summer sun,
and thus save ice.

KEEPING BEES.

Editor Southern Planter:

Every ])rogressive farmer should have a small
apiary. Besides' the profit in bees, there is a satis-
faction in caring for them and studying them scien-
tifically. I say "scientifically," for I should not ad-
vise any one to keep bees in any other way. Books
and periodicals on bee-keeping, and standard bee
materials, are so accessible and cheap in these days
that obsolete and makeshift methods are out of the
question.

07ie or two colonies are enough to start with, for it
will take some time to become expert enough to
handle a great number with success. Any of the
first class modern hives will do. The .simplest are
generally the best. Avoid all fancy, trick hives, and
don't make the mistake that I did in getting more
than one kind, whose parts will not exchange. Of
course, you should have the frame hive, which you
can open at any time for the purpose of ascertaining
the condition of your bees. There vnll be a brood
chamber below occupied by the bees as a permanent
hoiise. Above this is a smaller story, called the
super, in which they will deposit all surplus honey
which falls to the share of the master. In the lower
story the brood frames extend the whole length of the
hive, while the upper story is filled with small sec-
tion frames about large enough to hold a pound each
of comb honey.

Modern beekeepers have a gTeat many appliances,
some of which you will find very necessary, wliile
others are not. A smoker is very essential. You
also want a bee veil of fine material as a protection
against stings. A pair of cheap buckskin gloves is
not amiss, though you will soon learn to do without
them, as I did. If yoii deal gently with your bees
and sm.oke them properly, there is little danger of
stings.

The bee yard should be near the house, where
swarms may be seen as soon as they come out. Other-
wise they will often get away without yoiir knowing
it. The bees should be fenced off in a little inclosure

to themselves. This is to ward off stock and protect
the bees from disturbance. It is well to have some
shade for each hive, though either very much shade or
very little is not best. The stands should face the
south, and, if in the edge of an orchard, so much the
better. Bees and fruit go well together. The bees
carry pollen from bloom to bloom, and make them
fertile, while the blooms in turn afford honey for the
bees.

While it is not necessary to be working with a
small number of bees continitously, they should never
be out of mind. They require some attention in all
seasons. In the early spring there will be weak
colonies, which will reqiiire feeding. Late in the
fall, if the lower story is not sufficiently packed with
honey for winter, it is again necessary to feed, and
thus replenish the stores. All through the warm
season the combs of the brood chamber should be ex-
amined every three or four weeks to see if they con-
tain eggs or brood. If they do not, the colony is
probably queenless. In that case a new queen must
be introduced, or else you should put in frames of
combs containing eggs from other hives. From these
the bees will raise a new queen. If this is not done,
the colony will soon die out from want of new bees,
for bees live but a short time — only a few months at
longest. In getting my experience, I let two colo-
nies die, and I now feel sure that they had become
qiieenless.

About fifty years ago the Kev. L. L. Langstrath
invented the modern hive, with movable frames. He
may be called the greatest of beekeepers, and his
motto was : "Keep your colonies strong." If this is
done, you need not have much fear of the result.
Moth worms cannot hurt a strong colony. They only
take possession as the colony weakens down and dies
<mt.

The main honey flow comes early in the season for
most parts of the coimtry. Orchards and white
clover usually furnish the principal crops. Sour-
wood and chestnut blooms are valuable pasture. The
poplar, or tulip tree is a rich honey producer in the
South. Cotton, cow peas and buckwheat are per-
haps the best crops on the farm to produce honey as
a by product. It will scarcely pay to sow any crop
as a honey producer alone. Many weeds afford good
bee pasture. Spanish needles, boneset, stick weeds
Casters') and golden I'od are our main dependence
late in the summer and fall.

Bee pasture is not equally good in all parts of the
country. The most honey is produced in the buck-
wheat districts of ITew York and the alfalfa fields of

708

THE SOUTHER^T PLANTER.

[November

the Rocky IMiountaiii region. The wild sage of Cali-
fornia is also rich in honey. Apiaries in these sec-
tions of the country are very profitable. The pro-
duct of a single season often reaches many tons, and
brings in several thousand dollars to a single pro-
ducer. Texas is perhaps the best honey State in the
South. T. C. K.

Knox Co., Tenn.

TOBACCO MARKETS.

Editor Southern Planter:

Permit me, through your columns, to appeal on
behalf of Virginia tobacco growers, to the Legislature
to enact some statute to regulate the sale of leaf to-
bacco. Some years ago when all warehouses were
bonded, we only had to pay 3 per cent., and we had a
State officer to see after citizen's or producer's inter-
ests. Warehouse men went before the Legislature
and represented that this State officer was a useless
burden on the good people, and if done away with
they would sell tobacco at a less cost. The Legisla-
ture (as they usually do in such cases) heeded them,
and immediately there sprang up in every little tovm
tobacco warehouses, and they have gradually in-
creased their charges until now they charge about
what they choose. This seems to be the schedule:
10 cents per 100 for weighing, 25 cents per pile auc-
tion fee (they boast they sell 6 piles per minute,
$1.55 per minute, made by a man they hire at $10
per month sometimes, as I understand), and after
charging as above, they charge 2^ per cent, on gross
sales for handing over the money. Taking the en-
tire crop, T suppose this amounts to about 25 per cent,
of what it brings. Of course, when the tobacco is
good and sold in large lots this percentage is reduced,
but as the bulk of the crop is sold in small lots and
comes in the low grades, the charge is large. Tobacco
is different from any other product, as all we can do
with it is to sell it, and there are so many people de-
pendent on that crop for a livelihood, it should be
legislated about as milling is. If I send a load of
grain to market, all I am charged by the commission
merchant is .3 per cent., for a crate of eggs, coop of
chickens, or other country produce I am only charged
5 per cent., and it is certainly twice as much trouble
to handle these small articles as tobacco. This legis-
lation would help both the merchant and manufac-
turer, as the farmer's purchases avv. generally only
limited by his purse. Virginians pay warehouse
men about $2,000,000 annually for selling tobacco.
A warehouse with a good custom is a veritable gold
mine. Three per cent, is all they ought to be allowed
to charge, and they can make good money at that.

Mecl-Jenhurc] Co., Va. Tiros. H. Orgaitj.

We doubt miich whether such legislation as is sug-

gested woidd be desirable. We hold strongly to the
opinion that the less legislation there is interfering
with the free choice of a man as to his manner of con-
ducting his business or himself, so long as he does not
injure his neighbor by his conduct, the better it is for
all. With a miiltiplicity of warehouses such as now
exist free competition should give better results than
limiting the opportunities for selling. Why should
not the tobacco growers organize themselves into an
association like the Sweet Potato growers of the East-
ern Shore have done and then sell their own produce
in their own warehoiises on their own terms. If
there be the profit in conducting warehouses, which
oiir correspondent asserts there should be no difficulty
in doing this. Better regulate terms of business by
organization than by legislation. It is easier done,
and they can then be altered or abolished whenever
desired by those who are primarily affected. — Ed.

FARMING AS A BUSINESS.

(The following article was prepared and read be-
fore a recent Farmers' Institute at the Agricultural
College, Miss., by Itfr. W. P. Mercier, of Centreville,
IMiss. Mr. !^^ercier is an old time subscriber to and
reader of Tue Sottthern Plaxtee. and a successful
farmer and business man.)
Mr. President and Gentlemen:

The most hopeful sign cf the times, from an agri-
cultural standpoint, is the general recognition by
thinking men of the importance and necessity of
brains in our farming classes. The old theory that
any fool can farm, and when any one fails in another
calling he may take up farming and succeed, is now
regarded as an insult to the farmers. Farming, as a
business, was instituted by the Creator Himself. It
has been recognized as an indispensable and import-
ant occupation by the greatest men. Put it is only
recently that farming has begun to take precedence
over the professions. We, as farmers, should never
be satisfied with anything short of the leading place
for it ; for upon its successful pursuit all other call-
ings must of necessity depend for their very existence.
Farming as a business is fast attracting the attention
of our greatest thinkers and financiers, and we re-
joice to see numbers of our brainest young men re-
maining upon the farm and putting forth all their
energies to build up this long neglected vocation.
The s\iccessful farmer is now looked upon as the
shrewdest business man of his neighborhood. This
is just to his ability, as no other occupation requires
so broad a range of strictly business forethought and
mental work in the general arrangement of its plans.
Nothing else offers such a great opportunity for the
development of a truly great business career.

v.io:l.]

THE SOUTHERN PLANTER.

709

We believe there is no other place on earth to be
compared with the farm in our beautiful South-land,
and especially in the State of Mississippi for oppor-
tunities and inducements to any thorough-going busi-
ness-seeking young men. Farmers, as a class, are
fast commanding the respect of the world, and are
rapidly taking their places along with the most ad-
vanced men of our time, intellectually, socially and
financially. Therefore we are called upon to put
forth e\'ery effort and to assume the lead in all tha
affairs of State Avhich the natural position of our
business requires of iis.

To insiire the greater success for our young men,
they should have a thorough course in an agricultiiral
college, where the theory as well as practice of mod-
ern scientific farming may be learned. In the case
of older men, whose circumstances and environments
preclude the possibility of such a course of study, we
recommend the careful reading of several good farm
papers along with the various Experiment Station
bulletins from our own State institution and from
the United States Department of Agriculture, at
Washington. By all means they should attend the
farmers' meetings, foremost, and, we think, the most
successful of which are Farmers' Institutes, which
have recently become so popular throughout the coun-
try. These institutes are now held at various points
through the State, so there is scarcely a farmer who
cannot easily attend one of them. No one can attend
a session without coming away with some new and
useful idea about some part of his farm work. We
would, however, warn the college graduate of the
dangers of theoretical farming without the ability to
substitiite at any and all times the more staple and
reliable art of practical work. We have found from
actual experience that many beautiful theories in
farming will not pan out in practice, and unless a
man has common sense enough to choose and apjily
practical methods in conjunction with theories, in all
farm work he had best follow something else.

The ap]ilication of strictly business principles to
all lines of farm work has been, and still is, the crying
need of the day. We can no longer succeed by the
old slipshod methods, any more than a doctor or law
yer can succeed by applying the methods of his fore-
fathers. Plans should be laid o^it for a series of
years, often as much as ten years ahead. We must,
of course, be governed by circumstances in the ulti-
mate carrying o\it of these plans. Constant changes
and revisions must be made to meet the ever-changing
demands of the hour. No iron-clad rules can be
laid down for any branch of work on the farm, no
more than any one medicine can be prescribed for all
diseases, for no two seasons are alike, consequently
what would be good one year in working a crop could
not be done at all the next. The business farmer
must know when and how to prepare and cultivate his

soils. Use only such fertilizers, and in such quanti-
ties, as are best suited to each crop. Grow the crops
that require the least expenditure of labor and money
for the largest profits. Sell what one makes at the
liighest price and buy only the best at the lowest
prices possible. Raise only the best stock and these
from good si>ecimens of the chosen breed. Save
evei-ything grown that can be utilized as feed, and re-
turn the same to the land from the barnyard and
stables.

Preserve the fertility of the soil regardless of other
things, for upon this will depend final success or
failure, as no man can prosper on the proceeds of a
constantly decreasing capital. Our fai-m lands are
our only capital. If we study our business, adopt
the best known methods, grow only such crops and
stock as will give the greatest returns for the money
and labor invested, nothing will keep us from attain-
ing the highest ideal in farm life. The mere fact
that so many make a reasonable success at farming in
the old Avay is conclusive proof that no other occupa-
tion imder the sun is so sure of handsome returns
when followed upon purely biisiness principles. Sum
up the drains and small losses on the farm under the
ordinary management, and we can readily see that no
other business could sustain half the loss and sxirvive.

Another serious problem facing the agricultural
interest of our State and country is that of labor. It
grows scarcer and less reliable each year. This can
be partially met, and perhaps successfully so, by sub-
stituting crops that can be grown and harvested by
the use of improved machinery, and turning out more
of our thin lands to pastures for growing more stock.
The farmer who first foresees and adopts this plan
will live to rejoice in his good judgment. There can
be no denying the fact that the peaceable and siiccess-
ful employment of the negro as our only farm help
will soon be a thing of the past unless some more
stringent laws for his management and control can be
devised.

Diversified crops must be grown to insure perma-
nent prosperity. The man who has something to sell
at all seasons of the year can always be pointed out in
a community as the man who is prospering. He soon
learns when and what to raise for sale. He biiys the
best from his neighbor, who, through ignorance of the
market or carelessness in his management, is glad to
sell at any price in order to eke out a mere existence.
The well-informed man very frequently reaps his
greatest profits from stock and other produce bought
from this thriftless neighbor at low prices, and sold
at a profit when such produce is in demand at the
highest market prices. Every wide-awake business
farmer keeps books, and can at a moment's notice
tell what crop has paid a profit and what has not.
Strict accounts are kept of every business transaction
during the year, so when the season for balancing ac-

710

THE SOUTHERN PLANTER.

[November

counts comes up he can see where he stands financially
as compared with the year before. No farm can be
run properly without a system of good bookkeeping,
and each day's transactions, as well as the work, kind
of weather, and anything of note may be recorded.
We have found nothing in which this can be done so
concisely, yet correctly, fully and conveniently, as
what is sold as the Farmer's account book and farm
record, published by E. A. Brrhne & Sons, Hansen,
Neb. This book is handsomely bound, containing a
record for three years. It is ruled off and arranged
to contain any and everything which may need re-
cording on the farm, from a map of farm to the small-
est itemized accounts with laborers or tenants. At the
end of each year there is a blank for balancing up the
year's account, and if your book has been properly
kept it is only a few hours' work to give a detailed
statement of the entire year, from which can be easily
drawn conclusions as to what line of farming is most
profitable to follow.

While we have heretofore, as a State, adhered to
the all cotton plan, except in a few communities, it is
gratifying to note the growing tendency to raise other
crops enough for home consumption at least. We
note with pleasure that where the change from all
cotton to diversified crops has been greatest there is
the more general indication of thrift and prosperity
among the people. We are pre-eminently a cotton
growing State, and are likely to continue as such for
years to come, but it is apparent to any obseiwing
farmer that we can raise profitably all our food stuff
and plantation suplies, and at the same time grow
fust as many hales of cotton as we now do on half the
land now devoted to growing it. We admit that the
high price of cotton now has a tendency to make us
loose our heads along this line, but if we stop to con-
sider the relative high prices of other farm products
we can easily see that many other things can be grown
at a much greater net profit. Take, for instance, the
price of meats for the past two or three years, and
consider how cheaply hogs and cattle can be raised
with the foods to finish them for the market, and we
will have some idea of the bank accoimts we might
have had if we could only have been shrewd enough
and had nerve enough to break from our old idols
and have taken up the new.

We have a neighbor who last year raised $1,000
worth rice on 16 acres of land with about 3 hours
labor each day from the time of planting until ready
for harvesting. The preparation of land and har-
vesting was done with 'mproved machinery at the
minimum cost. After ten ^cing his land he had only
to turn a creek into his ditcl ^s to irrigate the whole
plat. The keeping up of these terraces and changing
water gates wa.s all the labor needed in growing the
crop. This year his prospects are finer than last,
with the additional satisfaction that the cost of labor

has been still further reduced, and the original area
enlarged. The same party raises hogs for market at
a cost that would astonish an old cotton veteran. You
had as well talk to this man about flying as to try to
induce him to grow cotton. He is sharp enough to
see how cheaply he can grow these crops, and he has
easily figured what it cost to grow cotton. By grow-
ing these crops he finds time to improve and beautify
his farm and home, and he is not rushed to death 12
months of the year like every cotton farmer.

All of us are not situated to grow these special
crops as this man, but many of us are, and it seems
like folly not to raise them when we are assured that
we are taking little risk as compared with cotton. We
must not fail to call attention to the bearing organi-
zations among farming commvinities have upon their
business standing. This is a dav of organization
and counter orgaiiizntion. No business or profession
is without them, and when every one adopts a thing
there must be some good derived from it. The far-
mer cries out against organizations in other enter-
prises, but fails to realize that it is possible for him to
organize into a body that could defy the world. Since
we have trusts and combines with us, and they are
here to stay, would it not be a sensible proposition
for us to stop complaining and play them at their
own games ? If we will combine properly, it is in
our power to regulate freight rates, taxation, buy and
sell our products at wholesale, thereby cutting out
the questionable profits of middlemen and commis-
sion men. We could fix a uniform and reasonable
Y>vice on oiir farm products, and in hundreds of other
ways take our business affairs into our own hands.
This would stop every other vocation from fleecing
us, and we would cease to hear the cry of oppression
from the agricultural part of our land. We read of
where combines among farmers in the West have
resulted in great benefit Avhere they have handled all
their business themselevs. In some instances they
have actiially run the trust out of business. This
only serves to illustrate the power we could exert by-
combined effort. But as long as we are cursed by
the credit system in vogue throughout the South we
need not hope for financial freedom. This evil can
be eradicated by us, and until we arouse ourselves
along this line and begin to examine into the busi-
ness principles which underlie our farming interest
we need not expect the imiversal prosperity and good-
will which might reign supreme among us..

It is a generally accepted theory that we have not
sufficient capital at command to develop our agricul-
tural interests to the highest degree. All of us real-
ize how handicaped any farmer is without sufficient
money at hand to carry out hia best plans and ideas to
a successful business end. We must demonstrate to
those who have money to invest that there is no busi-
ness that returns sitch sure profita on the investment,

iy03.]

THE SOUTHERN PLANTER.

-/ll

when properly managed, as farming. When we suc-
ceed in establishing this fact to the satisfaction of
the moneyed men of the country we will have no fur-
ther tronble in rinding plenty of money at cheap
rates of interest to be loaned on good farm security.
When we consider that often onr crops are cut off 50
per cent, in one year, and that frequently we suffer
losses in stock and property that would bankrupt *ny
other line of business, there shoiild not be any great
difliculty in proving to the capitalists of our country
that no security is so good or certain for a term of
years as a good farm with a wide-awake, business-
like farmer in control. W. B. ^Meecier.
CentreriUe. Miss.

A CHANCE FOR AMERICAN FARMERS— MONEY IN
GOATSKINS.

A new industry is offering itself to the farmers of
the United States. The fact that twenty-five million
dollars' worth of goatskins are now annually import-
ed into the United States, and that her enterprising
manufacturers are obliged to send halfway around
the world for a large share of them, suggests that the
farmers of the country have a gi-eat opportunity to
put a large share of this siim into their pockets.

A statement just presented by the Department of
Commerce and Labor shows that importations of goat-
skins into the L^'nited States are now running at the
rate of twenty-five million dollars per annum, and
that a large share of these are brought from India,
China, Arabia and southeastern Russia. The in-
creasing popularity of certain classes of kid leather
for footwear, as well as gloves, has increased very
greatly the demand for goatskins in the United States
within recent years. In 1885 the value of goatskins
imported was about four million dollars; by 1890 it
had grown to nine millions, by 18'>8 it was fifteen
millions, in 1900 it was twenty-two millions, and in
TOO." twenty-five millions, in round numbers.

Of this large sum of money sent out of the country
to purchase goatskins, .seven million dollars went to
India, nearly two millions to China, two and one-half
millions to France, two and one-half millions to Rus-
sia, one and one-half millions to Brazil, one million
to Argentina, and another million to Arabia. From
India, wh'ch took less than five million dollars' worth
of merchandise of all kinds from the United States
last year, and has increased her purchases from us
less than two million dollars in a decade, we have in-
creased our importations of goatskins alone from two
million dollars in 1892 to seven and one-half million
dollars in 1902. From Brazil, which has reduced her
imports from the TTnited vStates from fifteen million
dollars in 1895 to ten million dollars in 1903, our
purchases of goatskins last year were one and one-
half million dollars. France, Russia, the United

Kingdom, Tiirkcy in Europe and Turkey in Asia,
Arabia, China, southern Africa, Argentina and Mex-
ico also contribute liberally to the supply of goatskins
to make up the twenty-five million dollars' worth of
this product brought into the United States annually.
The farmers of the United States are apparently
making no effort to reap any part of this golden har-
vest for themselves. The census of 1900 showed the
total number goats in the United States to be less than
two millions, and when it is understood that the skins
of probably twenty million goats were required to
make the twenty-five million dollars' worth imported
last year, it would be seen that the siipply from the
United States could have formed but a small share
of the total consumption. Yet the fact that a large
share of our supply of this important import comes
from India, China, France and Mexico siiggests that
there are large areas in the United States which might
produce goats successfully, and in sufiiciently large
numbers to siipply the entire home demand.

GOOD ROADS.

Why FariMi:rs Shoult) Favor Government Co-
operation.
By Col. J. B. Killebrew.
The rapidity with which the sentiment in favor of
Tiational aid to the common roads of the country has
spread, and the eagerness with which the proposition
is welcomed since the introduction of the Brownlow
bill in Congress have not only been highly gratifying
to the friends of the measure, but surprising and as-
tonishing to its opponents. The truth is, the great
body of the farmers of the land are slow in demand-
ing what they are justly entitled to. Had the same
necessity as the want of good roads among farmers
existed in relation to the manufacturing, mining or
commercial interests of the country, sttch a necessity
would liave long since been recognized and met by
adequate appropriations from Congress. The tillers
of tlie soil do not work for their own advancement-
By the census of 1900 the whole ntimber of people
above the age of ten years engaged in gainful occu-
pations in the ['nited States was 29,074,117. Of
this number 10,381,765 were engaged in agricultural
pursuits. No other specified occupation employs so
many. The manufacturing and mechanical pursuits
employ 7,085,992 persons; trade and transportation,
4,766,964, and professional service, 1,258,739. And
yet, the farmers of the country, that contribute more
to its permanent prosperity than all other classes
combined, have the smallest amotint of consideration
in the matter of Congressional appropriations. In
all the history of the past legislation of the country

712

THE SOUTHEKX PLAXTER.

[November

but few efforts have been made to equalize the benefits
of Congressional appropriations. Until the rural
mail routes were established a citizen living in the
country rarely received direct benefits from the money
expended by the general government, except that for
ihe agricultural department.

The commerce of the country felt the exuberance
of fresh and lusty life and vigor from the improve-
ment of the rivers and harbors, but this exuberance
would have been vastly increased had half the money
appropriated for rivers and harbors been applied to
aid in the improvement and maintenance of the pub-
lic roads, the very foundation of commerce.

Tt must not be imagined that anyone proposes that
the government shall enter upon the ■work of building
public highways without the co-operation of the
State, county or other political sub-division. The
policy of the government should be to help these com-
mimities that help themselves: to stimiilate action
■and enterprise rather than to repress it by appro-
priating monev to those communities that do nothing
for themselves.

One of the first things that will be attempted will
be to reduce the acreage cultivated in tobacco. This
will have to be done by a general and uniform sys-
tem, so that no more tobacco will be raised than is
required each year. It is intended to hold a state
meeting in Danville some time in Xovember, to be at-
tended by delegates from all the tobacco growing
coimties in Virginia, when an effort will be made to
devise some iiniform plan of work throughout the
state. — American Afjrintlfurist.

Grass for Name.

I enclose a sprig of grass like I sent some time ago
when you advised me to send you a seed pod and
bloom. I could not send it sooner as it is only just
blooming out no^v. Please state in your next issue
what it is and if it is of any value. J. G. Cox.

Carroll county, Va.

The grass is one of the "Ximble-wills" (Muhlen-
hergia Mexicana). It is a native perennial of the
Eastern United States. It is a very late grass not
especially relished by stock and of little economic
>ahie. — Eo.

A CORN EXHIBIT.

At a recent meeting of the Virginia St. Louis Ex-
position Committee it was decided to make a com ex-
hibit of not less than one thousand bushels in the ear.

As an aid in locating fine corn crops and to stimu-
late interest in this exhibit, the commission will give
$20 as a prize for the best 'lOO ears sent in by any
competitor with the understanding that all competing
exhibits are to be donated to the corn exhibits.

C^ompeting corn should be shipped in tight boxes or
barrels to George E. INrurrell, superintendent. Xo. 14 1
Governor .street. Kichmond, Va., C. O. D.. by freight, ,
on or before December 1 st of this year. |

(.^orn exhibits of from one bushel of ears to a flour
barrel full of a kind, and of as many varieties as
possible are desired. And as Virginia has a fine
crop, it is ho])ed that corn growers, whether compet-
ing or not, will send in shipments which in each case
must bear the grower's name, and thus by united
effort show what Virginia can do in this line.

How to Get Rid of Fleas.

Subscriber, Wythe county, Va., asks how to get rid
of fleas. As the domestic animals, especially dogs
and cats, furnish the principal supply to the house,
it is necessary to keep such animals clean of fleas,
which can be done by applying oil of pennyroyal
liberally in their fur. Stand the animal to be treated
on a large sheet of paper so as to catch the fleas as
they fall off. Then roll the paper up closely and
burn immediately. Work rapidly, as the fleas soon
revive after falling off the animal.

Frederick HuTrmsox, M. D.

Loudoun Co.. Tn.

VIRGINIA TOBACCO GROWERS TRYING TO OR-
GANIZE.

.V large number of tobacco growers and business
men met recently at Boydton, in the court-house,
and organized a tobacco growers' protective associa-
tion. Two organizers were appointed who will or-
ganize associations in every section of the county and
endeavor to induce 80 per cent, of the tobacco grow-
■^rs to pledge themselves to abide by the rules and reg-
rlations of the officers of the association.

THE EGG LAYING CONTEST.
Australian hens are still being beaten on their own
gr<mnd by the three pens of American fowls which
Afiller Purvis, of Chicago, caused to be entered in the
egg laying competition at the Hawkesbury Agricul-
tural College, near Sydney. Seventy pens of six
hens each .ire competing. Tt is learned that the in-
vading flocks hold first, third and seventh places in
the competition, which was started last Ajiril and will
continue until IMarch. With a record of 270 eggs in
the first four months, six hens from Xebraska lead
their nearest Australian competitors by thirty eggs.
.\t the end of the present contest, another competition
will be inaugurated with 100 pens entered — ten from
the United States, ten from England, three from
Canada, three from Xew Zealand and the rest from
-Xustralia.

1903.]

THE SOUTHERISr PLANTER

713

THE

Southern Planter

PUBLISHED BY

THE SOUIII[RII PIANIER PUBLISHING OOMPT.

RICHMOND, VA.

Issued on 1st of each Month.

J. F. JACKSON,

Editor and General Manager.

B. MORGAN SHEPHERD,

Business Manaoeb.

TERMS FOR ADVERTISING.
Rate card furnished on application.

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THE SOUTHERN PLANTER is mailed to
subscribers In tbe United States and Canada
at 50c. per annum; all foreign countries and
the city of Richmond, 75c.

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ALWAYS GIVE THE NAME of the Post-
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name cannot be found on our books unless
this is done.

WE INVITE FARMERS to write us on any
agricultural topic. We are always pleased to
receive practical articles. Criticism of Arti-
cles, Suggestions How to Improve THE
PLANTER. Descriptions of New Grains,
Roots, or Vegetables not generally known,
Particulars of Experiments tried, or Improved
Methods of Cultivation are each and ail wel-
come. Contributions sent us must not be
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Address— THE SOUTHERN PLANTER

RICHMOND, VA.

DETAIL INDEX TO ENQUIRER'S
COLUMN.

Unsigned Enquiries 690

Yield of Seed of Common Clover —
Clover Hullers— Ticks on Cattle. 090

Keeping Sausage 690

The Use of Mineral Fertilizers... 691
Money Crop in Fairfax County, Va. 691
Texas Fever Ticks — Hollow Tail . . 691
Fertilizer for Irish Potatoes, To-
bacco, Cotton, Asparagus and

Corn 692

Grape Vines Diseased 692

Ice Supply ''9-

SWEET POT.^TOES.
I have reasons for believing that at
least a portion of the orders for my
sweet potato pamphlet failed to reach
me. Therefore any person whose or-
der has not been properly filled, will
please address me at Carthage, N. C.
BRYAN TYSON.

PUBLISHER'S NOTES.

TOADVERTISERS.

All advertisements and matter
pertaining to advertising must
reach us by the 25th of each
month. Please bear this in mind.

Liberal Subscription Offer.

To induce non-readers of the
Southern Pi,-\nter to become
subscribers, we beg to announce
that all new subscriptions received
between this time and December
1st will be given tbe remaining
numbers of this year free. In
other words, 50 cents will pay for
a subscription from now until De-
cember 31, 1904.

Our regular subscribers, upon
whom we have called so many
times, will confer a favor, which
will be reciprocated at any time,
if they will bring this offer to the
notice of their friends who are not
subscribers to the Southern
Planter.

WHERE HE CROSSED THE
EQUATOR.

As one of the very few occasions
when the wit of Rufus Choate was
foiled, an incident is recalled when
that brilliant lawyer was examining
one Dick Barton, chief mate of the
ship "Challenge." Choate had cross-
examined him for over an hour, hurl-
ing questions with the speed of a
rapid-fire gun.

"Was there a moon that night?"

"Yes, sir."

"Did you see it?"

"No, sir."

"Then how did you know there was
a moon?"

"The 'Nautical Almanac" said so,
and I'll believe that sooner than any
lawyer in the world."

"Be civil, sir. And now tell me in
what latitude and longitude you
I crossed the equator?"

"Ah, you are joking."

"No, sir, I'm in earnest and I desire
an answer."

"Indeed. You a chief mate and un-
able to answer so simple a question!"

"Yes, the simplest question I ever
was asked. I thought ever a fool of
a lawyer knew there's no latitude at
the equator." — Success.

WO OP'S SEE p S ■

November is tKe best
time to plant

Hyacinths, Tulips,
Lilies, Crocus

and other Spring Flow=
ering Bulbs.

We carry full and com-
plete stocks of all the best
varieties. Our Fall Cata-
logue gives descriptions,
prices and tells how to plant.

Catalogue mailed FREE.
Write for it.

T. W. WOODS & SONS,

SEEDSMEN, Richmond, Va.

"How to Grow Paper-Shell Pecans,"

FREE. Best varieties in U S. True to
variety. Cions cut from bearing trees by
member of firm. Full descriptive Cata-
logue of ALL FRUIT trees, free

B. W.STONE & CO., Thomasville, Ga.

Virginia Polytechnic Institute

STATE AGRICULTURAL AND MECHANICAL COLLEGE

at Blacksburg. Va.,

A SOUTHERN INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY.

Fnrty-flve instructors. Thoroughly equip-
ped shops, laboratories and Infrmary. Farm
of four hundred acres. Steam heating aid
electric lishts in dormitories. Degree course!
in Agriculture. Horticulture, Civil, Mechani-
cal and Electrical Engineering, Applied
Chemistry and General Science. Shorter
courses in Practical Agriculture and Practi-
cal Mechanics. Total cost of session of Dine
months, including tuition and other fees,
board, washing, text-books, medical attend-
ance, etc.. about $195. Cost to State studenti
about $165. Session began September ii. 1903.
For catalogue and other Information, apply
to

J. M. McBRYDE, Ph. D., LL. D., Preildeot.

Alfalfa Bacteria
Infected Soil

Can be obtained from Ewell Farm Ex
perimental Plot A perfect stand three
vears of age, abundantly supplied with
root nodules. Price $1.00 per 2 bus.
l)urlap bag. weight about 150 lbs., f o. b.
Ewell's Station, Tenn.
GEO. CAMPBELL BKOWN,

Spring Hill Tenn.

714

THE SOUTHERN PLANTER.

[November

There is more catarrh in this section
of the country than all other diseases
put together, and until the last few
years was supposed to be incurable.
For a great many years doctors pro-
nounced it a local disease, and pre-
scribed local remedies, and by con-
stantly failing to cure with local treat-
ment, pronounced it incurable. Sci-
ence has proven catarrh to be a consti-
tutional disease, and therefore requires
constitutional treatment. Hall's Ca-
tarrh Cure, manufactured by F. .T. Che-
ney & Co., Toledo, Ohio, is the only
constitutional cure on the market. It
is taken internally in doses from 10
drops to a teaspoonful. It acts direct-
ly on the blood and mucous surfaces
of the system. They offer one hundred
dollars for any case it fails to cure.
Send for circulars and testimonials.

Address, F. J. CHENEY & CO.,

Sold by Druggists, 75c. Toledo, O.

Hall's Family Pills are the best.

WITH THE ADVERTISERS.

The Blackman Stock Remedy Co.
advertise their well-known goods In
another column. Look up the ad. and
send for descriptive circulars.

T. 0. Sandy is advertising Holstein
bulls and heifers elsewhere in this
Issue. He has a particularly choice
lot of heifers which are now ready to
go.

The Imperial Fruit and Stock Farm
has a choice offering of poultry in this
number. Look up the half page ad.
and get some of these bargains.

The Weber, Jr., Gasoline Engine Is
advertised regularly in our columns
by its makers.

Look up the ad. of Glen Rock Woolen
Mills. It will interest you.

Macbeth is advertising his well-
known lamp chimneys on another
page.

"Hogology" is the title of a book
that Dr. Haas would like to send to
all of our readers. Refer to his ad.

The Breeder's Gazette has a full
page ad. in this issue. This is t!ie bpst
live stock paper published, and we can
furnish it along with the Soi;thebn
PI..VNTER for $2.00.

The Annandale Dairy Farm desires
to purchase some nice dairy cattle.

Dr. H. H. Lee is advertising his
Silver Laced Wyandot.tes.

Andersch Bros, will buy all of your
furs, skins and pelts. Look up the ad.

Fleming Bros., chemists, of Chicago,
have renewed their ad. for another
year, and their well-known remedies
should be kept on hand by all farmers.

The Cahoon Seed Sower is adver-
tised by the Goodell Co.

The Woolson Spice Co., makers of
Lyon Coffee, have a card in this issiie.

The O. S. Kelly Co. resume advertis-
ing in this Issue. The Kelly Duplex
Feed Mill Is their offering.

The Chattanooga Nurseries are a
new advertiser in this number. This
firm comes to us well recommended,
and our readers should look into their
stock before purchasing elsewhere.

' FIREARMs'^W

Protect the Farm and Teach us to Love '^

and live in the great "out-of-doors." We make firearms for
every purpose suitable for boy or man, from $2.50 to gi 50.00.

Send for Our Free Book

recommend Especially
Our Rifles

"Stevens-Maynard, Jr." $3

"Crack Shot" $4

"Favorite," No. 17 $6

If your dealer won't supply you

—send to us. We will sell to

you by mail, express paid.

J.Stevens Arms &T00I Co.WM Main Street

"^^ _y-_ CHICOPEE FALLS , MASS.

of 128 pages, which tells about the
"Stevens"— gives pictures and prices.
Contains interesting articles on Hunt-
ing, Canoeing, Target Shooting, etc.

PII77I F * <:'«ver Rifle Puzzle will
rucCkE be mailed postpaid for 4C,
in stamps. It is lots of fun— "easy
when you know ho\v" — but ev-
eryone can't solve it. Can you ?

9 CORDS IH to HQgRS BY OHE WAH

RUNS EASY; NO BACKACHE. , ^EASILY CARRIED. 5AW5 DOWN TREES |

.M ui.'hinc* Saws any kind of timber. Initanl 1y ailJuBtcd to cut log^ square on rough
ays s'.ancJs stralchL One man can saw more with it than two men c.inin any other way,
and do it caller. Saw blades .'I;, r.. <;i^ or 7 ft. lonir. Champion, Itlamond or Lnnce Teeth, to suit your timber.
GUARANTEE-— If any part breaks within t&rcc .veors, we will send a new mrt without oharffe. Send for Freo
CatBloe showing' latent Improvement (», pi vim: testimonials frcn thousands. J'ret order Bcciirei* oprency.

FOLDING SAWING MACHINE CO., 65-67-69 N. Jefferson St., Chicago, Illinois.

MAJESTIC t^ SHELLER.

Tlis labor-saving machine meets tbt^ imperative denmuds of

iarpe fanners, feed stores, mills and elevator men. It is furnished

either mounted or unmounted with wa^on box elevator

or double sacking elevator as illustrated. Its capacity is

75 to 1 00 Bushels An Hour.

The mounted sheller is peculiarly adapted to carrying on

,._ aprofitable neit^hburhood business in custom shelling. Itwillnot

^ choke, is perfect working io sacking and feeding attachments.

Built for long, efiflcient service and fidly guaranteed. We make 20

styles of shellers, both hand and power. Ask f..'r free catAlogue.

KEYSTONE FARM MACHINE CO.. 15B4 N. Beavor St., York, Pa.

TSMi:!.]

THE SOUTHE RJN' PLANTER.

715

You Try It.

It costs nothing. Re-
turn at our expense if
thlsmUl faUa to gilnd

New Holland Mills

are the practical, every day mills for every
day wants. No other good mill at so low a
price. MadelQS Mzes. Adapted to any kind
of power. Don't fail to get our free catalogue
before buying.

NEW HOLLAND MACHINE CO..
BoK 1 63. New Holtand, Pa.

6

ASheller a
That Shells^

clean and lasts long:, /fe
It's one of many pat f\Jk
terns (you probably ^
recognize it) of famous

FREEMAN ^

Corn Shellers. ^

Ovir little book shows and describes Jh
them all. Write for it. Windinills, Feed &A
Cutters, Wood Saws, etc., shipped ^^
straight trom factory. Ask for catalog 110 *,

S. Freeman & Sons Mfg. Co., /['I

Racln«, Wisconsin. IS?

B ^ '^ ^ ^ <s^

KELLY

DUPLEX

Grinding Mills.

tfxhey neverchoke. DouMe cob

^ g ve greatest speed. Take lit-

„ ...., ^ ...irstrongand durable. Isizes. Catalog Iree.

6. S. KELLY CO., Springfield, Ohio.

FRY THIS MILL
15 davs to prove that it grinds meal or feed,
ear Com and small prralii a. faster and bettei
I than any other. If it doesn't, returnat our expen:?e

Monarch Milk

Meet every farm need.
Buy none until you pet
the Monarch catalogue.
Sprout VValdronA Co.

Box 202. Muncy, Pe.

HEEBNER'S FEED CUTTERS.

eUat uid Ptnnk. TbtMh.rf, Wood S.w,, F,.d MU1«, .to. CUlof fTM.

HEEBKER A BOS 8. 86 Broad St.. I.an.d«le. Pb.

The Snoddy Remedy Co. has a card
in another column offering its Hog
Cholera Cure. Our readers should In-
vesti,gate this offer.

Mr. G. Norris Watson is a new ad-
vertiser in this issue. He has some
nice stock at reasonable prices and
guarantees satisfaction.

The Hawlveye Incubator advertising
starts up with this number. This com-
pany makes a good machine and would
like to send its catalogue to any poul-
tryman interested.

The Glen Allen Stock Farm is offer-
ing some choice Angus cattle. Look
up the ad. and write to Mr. W. P. Al-
len, the proprietor, for prices and
breeding.

Another new advertiser in this issue
is D. B. Hendricks & Co., who have a
very meritorious hay press with which
they would like to acquaint our read-
ers.

The Reliable Incubator and Booder
Co. starts the season's advertising with
this issue. By the way, this firm is
offering a portion of its capital stc-l,-
to the public. They will be very
pleased to send you a prospectus, if
you will only write for it.

Hollybrook Farm Is offering some
nice Berkshire pigs.

The .leremy Improvement Co. has
some nice Angora goats for sale.

The old reliable Frazer Axle Grease
is being used in greater quantities
than ever. It will be found adver-
tised regularly in our columns in the
future as in the past.

R. W. Haw, Jr., is offering some
choice young Brown Leghorns.

Pit Games are offered by T. W. Jar-
man, Yancey Mills. Va.

Send for catalogue, descriptive of 32
choice varieties of poultry, to John E
Heatwole, Harrisonburg, Va.

The Annefield herd of Berkshires
represent the finest blood lines in Eng-
land or America. Mr. Butler, the pro
prietor, invites inspection of his stock
at all times.

Armour's Blood Meal is recommend
ed for scours in calves. Look up the
ad. in another column and write to the
nearestt office for particulars.

The DeLoach saw mills are being
advertised as usual in this issue. This
firms claims to be the largest saw mill
manufacturing plant in the world.

Home-made and well-made buggies
, and wagons are offered by the Ric>
mond Buggy & Wagon Co. in another
column.

Mr Ashton Starke, the well-known
implement dealer, has an interesting
advertisement on another page.

J. S. Moore's Sons have a page ad-
vertisement elsewhere in this number
that will interest all housekeepers, we
feel sure.

"Have you noticed any signs of im-
provement to-day?" asked the doctor.
"Oh, yes," replied the nurse. "He
swears now when I give him his med-
' Icine." — Medical Journal.

Wise Man's
Wagon.

The man who has had experienca
in running a wagon knows that it
IS the wheels that determine iho
life of the wagon itself. Our

ELECTRIC w^7^

new lease of life to thousands of old
agons. 1 hej- can be had in any desired hei^ht.and
any width of tire up to 8 inches. With a set of these
wheels you can Jn a few minutes have either a high
or a low down wapon. The Elect rlo llandy
Wacron is made by skilled workmen, of best select-
ed material— white hickory axles, steel wheels, steel
hounds, etc Guaranteed to carry 4000 lbs. Here ii
the wa^'on that will save money for ynu, as It
lasts almost forever. Ourcatalog describing the use*
of these wheels and wagons sent free W rite for tt.

ELECTRIC WHEEL CO., BOX 146 QUINCV. ILLINOIS.

sgiv

WE'LL PAY THE FREIGHT

mod aeod 4 llDgKT Wbeflt, 8te«l Tire on, • $7.^^
With Rubber llre«, $I5.U0. I mfg. wheels J^ lo i Iq
tre»d. Top BaggieB, $28.75; Harnew, $3.60. Write tot
catalofne. Learn how to bay vehfolfa and parts dlreet
Wagon Umbrella FRKK. W. Y. BOOB, ClactaaatU ft

THEIMPROVED

Chamberlin Mfg. Co.. Olean, N. Y., U. S. A.
HERCULES STUMP PULLER

it

Clears an acre of heavy timber land each day.
Clears all stumps In a circle of l:iO ft. without
moving or changing machine. Strongest, most
rapid working and best made.
Hercules Mfg. Co., 413 17th St., Centreville, Iowa.

A Bushel In Q MIMIITEQ
Less Than OlnlllUICai

KEYSTONE

Triple Gear
GRINDING MILL.

BuiltasstrongasananviL Burrs
»re of hard white iron. Boxes
and guy irons furnished with

mill. Capacity of mill from 20 to

30 bushels per hour. We are making a special In*
troductory price now. Write for the catalogue and
prices on the full line. Com shellers, planters, cul-
tivators, feed cutteis, etc.

Keystone Farm machine Co.y

TSeaBeaverSt., York, Pa.

716

THE SOUTHEEN PLANTER.

[November

Pressing Hard Easy

soands queer, doesn't it? But it isn't diffi-
cult to understand if you are using a

RED RIPPER ?r%'ss

It bales tight bundles, large of small, and docs it with the
least amount of strain on the horse. The Red Rippcrhas
been twice entered in competition with other presses, buth
times at the Georgia state fair, vhere it was awarded first
premium. Dealers who handle the Red Ripper say that
it just drives other hay pressesout of the market. The low-
est priced press on the market, and costs less than others
to operate. Progressive, economical farmers v,ill want to
itnowmoreand can by sending for our new Catak-jr No. 433.
Wstributing points. Baltimore, Memphis, Cincinnati.

Address SIKE5 MFC. CO.. H«!sn«, Ceorgla.

Hendrick's Baling Presses

are classed with
the best If you are
looking for a good
press, either up-
right or perpetual
at a reasonable
price, write ua lor
particulars.
D. B. HENDRICKS & CO . Kiagstoo, N. Y.

"ELI" HAY BALERS.

Ul C M DRILLING

MACHINES

The most successful mouey-maklng ma-
chines ever made. Also machlnea for boring
wells with augers by horB6 power. Writ©
UB If you mean business.
Loomis Machine Co., Tiffin, Ohio.

% ; J stanchion:
'■ '''^^ cleah,safe;

-^. «***« comfortable.

.BYW.B.CRlJMB>ForestvillE,[OHN.

GET ALL THE CREAM,

— BV ISINU—

The SUPERIOR CREAM SEPARATOR.

Does not mix water with the milk.
It is the best Sepnrsior made. A
trial convinces, and evcrv Sepn rator
is guaranteed. Write lodav for Cat-
alogue to the SUPERIOR FENCE MA-
CHINE CO., 291 Qnade River Ave., De-
troit, Mlcbigafl.

MAGAZINES.

The November nuuiuer ot The Cen-
tury, which opens Volume LXVII., cel-
ebrates that event by a new cover in
color, and by a variety of colored in-
sets, which include among the sub-
jects Tropical Sunsets, Wild Animals,
and Italian Gardens.

Edmund Clarence Stedman contrib-
utes the opening article on the New
York Stock Exchange, entitled "Life
'On the Floor.' " As a veteran and re
tired broker, Mr. Stedman brings to
this subject a personal knowledge,
which is admirably supplemented by
his trained literary style. The article
nialies a unique appeal to the interest
ot the lay reader, as well as to that of
al! men enga,ged in business with the
exchanges. The paper is illustrated in
a lively way by Blumenschein and
Bacher.

Of the color "work four pictures are
by Maxfleld Parrish. accompanying the
first article of Edith Wharton's neries
on "Italian Villas and their Gardens,"'
a project upon which the author and
the artist were engaged last winter in
Italy. Mrs. Wharton's special topic
is Florentine Villas, and there is an
introduction by her setting forth In
general the desirable features of Ital-
ian Gardens.

A leading feature of the number is
the opening paper of the new literary
"find," Thackeray's letters recording
his friendship with an American fam-
ily, the Baxters of New York, to which
Miss Lucy W. Baxter contribtites an
Introduction, and which are accom-
panied by a number of drawings and
interesting aTitographs of Thackeray.
A piece of hitherto unrecorded adven-
ture is entitled "Fiehting the Hud-
son." in which H, .Addington Bruce re-
lates a perilous emergency in the
course of the construction of the Hud-
son River tunnel, now nearlv finislied.

At the head of thp fiction of the num"
ber is the firs! of a new novel entitled
"Four Roads to Paradise." by Maud
Wilder Goodwin, author of "Head of a
Hundred," etf., a story of New York
society people, the scene partly laid in
Florence In the short stories the ele-
m'^nt of humor predominates. "The
Missing Exequatur." by Benjamin H.
Ridgely, a laii.ghable story of cnnsular
life: "The Marrying of Susan Clegg."
by Anne Warner, a writer new to The
Century; "The Reggie Livingstones'
Country Life." a story of hunting so-
cietv. by David Gray: "The Tjjttle
Canoe," a htimorous sketch of Porto
nu-o, by H. W. Phillips. Two stories
of a more sentimental cast are "The
Shadow of Love," by George Hibliard.
and "The Summer of St. Martin," a
phantasy of very delicate charm by
Dr. Weir Mitchell. The editorial ar-
ticles are "All Eyes on New York!"
renting to the municipal election, and
"Some Effects of Modern Publicity,"
and there Is a variety of light mate-
rial.

Readers of the November St. Nich-
olas will turn first to and linger long-

UNION LOCK POULTRY FENCING

HAS BE£K FULLT
TESTED AND FOOTfD
SUPEBIOE TO ALL
0THEB8.
\ViU fit uneven
ground without
cutting. Every part
can be stretched
perfectly. Made of *

at the bottom for small chicks. We also make
extra heavy for gardens, lawns, etc. The largest
poultry farms are usingthis fence — over 700 rods
by Lakewood (N. J.) Farm Co. ^Ve pay freight
and satisfy every one or no sale. Can ship from
N. Y., Chicago, or San Francisco. Write for
free'catalogof Farm, Lawn and Poultry Fencing.

CASE BROS.. Box 340. Colchester, Conn.

Gequiqe Spiral Spring Wire
FENCES HND BATES

If your dealer does not have our
goods in stock you can buy direct
at Manufacturers' Price. Write
for Catalogue and secure agency.

INTERNATIONAL FENCE AND F. CO.
Columbus, Ohio.

-

::;

: =i^^^r^

3

-

„

_

„

.-

(jijij^ij^^ ^^i^4--t4^

j

=

^

1

^^^

1

IF YOU WANT

better, more practical, lontrer laf^tinij, heavier

l:\ Miiized wire fence, YOD WANT P.iGK.

\UK WOVKN W ll!E lE.M K CO., AiiriaD, Mich.

b5i'|iiKi»:i'>:ii;<oi wMi

lAWN FENCE

I Many designs. Cheap as
wood. 32 page Catalogue

: free. Special Prlcea to Ceme*
terlesandCbarcfacH. Address
COILED SPRING FENCE «0.

I Box Q Wlneheaterf Ind.

aSENT ON TRIAL

A Fence Slachine that will make over 100
Styles of FeiKe and from 60 to 70 rods a day

AT ACTUAL COST OF WIRE

R<>n.e-bt^ti, BulJ-blroDc, Pi? and Chlckl-n-llclit.
\Viie at Wholesale Prices. Catalogue free.

Kitselman Bros. Box I'iS Huncie, Ind.

CCilflC MSTROHGESt
r Ell U b S MADE. Boa

I ^■■"^ ■ strong. Chicken
tight. Sold to the Parmer at Wbol^Ml*
PrtM*. rnllr Warraiit«d. Catalog Fre.

COmtDSPBrNti F8K~
Boi t* WlBCfaMUr. iDd

. D. B. 1

STOP THAT RATTLING, TIOHTEN VOUR
OWN BUOGY TIRES. No heating; does not
mar the paint: any one can operate. Machine
rotoplete with 100 washers sent on receipt of
'2 00. Guaranteed to do the work. Your
money back If not as represented. RAPID
TIRE TIGHTENER CO., Station F., Toledo,
Ohio.

Now Plant
Seed.

Yon want the book
that tells how, when and
what to bow.

SEED SOWER'S
MANUAL

■S^ sent out because wo put
in it adescripiion of tho
old reliable Cahoon
Broadcast Seeder. The

le. better

writ I

GOODELLCO.,

63MainSt..Aotri«.N.I.

1903.]

THE SOUTHEEN PLANTER.

717

ELMWOOD NURSERIES.

ASPARAGUS

100,000 2-yr. old Asparagas roots,
5 varieties. A special rate of $3 50
perlOi'O for 2 mos. for BAKK'S,
PALMETTO, CONOVER.

APPLES

A large general assortment, in-
cluding WINESAPS and YORK
IMPERIALS.

Splendid Assortment

of Ornamental, Shade

and Fruit Trees.

from B. P. Rocks, Light
Brahmas, Brown Leg-
horns at $1.00 per 13.

WRITE FOR OUR CATALOGUE.

IB.

.!»

EMPORIA NURSERIE5

Offer a line of Nursery Stock, mostly
APPLE TREES, 4 to 5 feet, and
PEACH TREES, 3 to 4 feet, at reduced
prices to clear land. All Stock healthy
and free from Crown Gall, Aphis, San
Jose Scale, or any other disease, and
WILL BE FUMIGATED BEFORE
shipped.

Send for reduced price list. Good
No. 1 Agents for 1904 wanted.
C. S. LINDLBY, Prop., Emporia, Va.

Also agents for Universal and Gard-
ner's Dust Sprayers; far ahead of any
other and cost of power is very small.
Send for price and description.

TREES! TREES!!

I ofier a fine lot of whole root trees.

Apples, Pears, Peaches,
Cherries, Plums, Grape
Vines. Raspberries, Etc.

Save agent's commission by send-
ing your orders to the nursery.
CATALOGUE FREE.
All stock Inspected and Fumigated.

WERTZ'S NURSERY, Salem. Va.
Strawberry Plants,

All grown in fresh rich ground, healthy,
well-rooted plants that will please you;
over 30 kinds to offer Raspberry plants
and Peach trees also; see us before you
buy. Our stock has been thoroughly in-
spected and found free from any disease.
Address JOHN LIGHTFOOT,

Sherman Heights, Tenn.

est over the opening chapters of B. L.
Far.1eon's "A Comedy in Wax." "A
Comedy in Wax" is the story of little
Lucy, her sister Lydia. Lydia's lovers,
and Mme. Tussand and her waxworks
— the famous waxworks exhibition in
Marylebone Road which for nearly a
century has been one of the most pop-
ular shows in London. There are
illustrations by Fanny Y. Cory in her
usual happy vein; and the story prom-
ises to increase in interest as the
months come around. There are good
short stories too in the November
issue for both girls and boys. "Ted's
Contract" tells of a manly little lad's
adventures in his loyal devotion to his
father's interests; and Albert Bige-
low Paine's "Two Little New York
Maids" are well worth knowing. "The
Poison Bubble" is a real, good, old-
fashioned magic story; "Richard, My
King," by Livingston B. Morse, is a
new setting of the beautiful story of
Blondel's love for his king; and Char-
lotta Sedgwick's "The l-ate Unpleas-
antness" is a capital tale of real boys
and girls. 0, the November St. Nich-
olas Is rich in fiction!

The best part of the more solid por-
tion of the feast is a discussion by
James M. Dodge, president of the
American Society of Mechanical En-
gineers, on "The Money Value of
Training." Mr. Dodge gives sugges-
tions and statistics of great value, and
urges every lad, whatever his life-work
is to be, to invest in himself, by in-
creasing his own potential energy
Then George Ethelbert Wal^^h tells
about "Some Queer Mail Carriers and
Their Ways"; and Dallas Lore Sharp
writes of "Bird Friendships."

"A House Divided" is the taking
title of the novel in Lippincott's Mag-
azine for November. Its author's
name, Ella Middleton Tybout. is a
familiar one to readers of Lippincott's
Magazine, though heretofore her pro-
ductions have been in the line of short
stories. Her "Parables in Black"
lately running through lippincott's
are particularly striking and indicate
that which is ricblv fulfillpd in this
latest work. The little State of Dela-
ware has been chosen by Miss Tvbout
for the placing of "A House Divided "
and her portrayal of a farmer who. be-
cause he believes his wife to be untrue
to him, has not spoken to her for six-
teen years, is a remarkably clever bit
of characterization. Linpincott's novels
are always worth while — and the No-
vember number sustains this opinion.

"The Girl with the Banjo" Is by a
writer whose pen-name, Jean D. Hallo-
well, keeps one guessing who is the
real author of so racy a tale. The sex
is confessed by such expressions as "a
saucy little lace petticoat," and the
whole thing shows the piquancy of a
woman rather than the touch of a
"mere man."

"The Man in the Tower," by Fran-
cis Howard Williams, Is a forceful
story of a railroad signal tower, where.

Peach and Apple Trees,

BONAVISTA NURSERIES. Greenwood, Va.

We offer a fine lot of choice trees for
Fall and Spring planting

Our apple trees are the best — Wine Sap,
Mammoth Black T\vig, York Imperial
and Albemarle Pippin, all perfect and
well grown trees.

Our peach trees are the standard sorts,
Stump, Elberta, Bilyeu's (Comet,) Won-
deiful Champion, Globe, Picquet'sLate,
Albright's Winter, Crawford E. (feL.,etc.

We send out none but good trees and
have never had a complaint raa<le by any
purchaser of our stock. Oder soon, es-
pecially Peach' s, as good trees will be
very scarce this season.

CHAS. F H 4 CKETT, Manager.

lOOO Per Cent.

^== Profit in..

Wealth and HealtK

In fresh, luscious, home grown

STRAWBERRIES

allowefl to ripen thoroughly on the vines.
We sell the plauis paclted to carry fresh
any where in the Uniieil States. Our 120
page manual (tree to buyers) makes grow-
ing for pleasure or profit plain to all.
Plant now. Also save half on

FRUIT TREES O

by buying direct from us, saving agents'
profits. Write for free Catalogue, men-
tioning this paper.
CONTINENTAL PLANT CO.

KITTHELL. N. C.

£f ROOFING TIN ^

Iron and paper roofing, nails, builder's hard-
ware, sash, doors, etc., carriage and wagon
goods, paints and oils, cook and heating stoves,
guns, pistols, rifles, "Robin Hood" loaded shells.
Do you use any of the above? Write us.

409 ^.. Broad,

Kichm'd.Va.

HARRIS HARDWARE CO.,

T YOUR IDEAS

00,000 offered for one in.

nlion; $8,500 for another.

Book "How to Obtain a Patent"

and "Whattolnt-enf'sentfree. Send
roug-h sketch for free report as to
patentability. We advertise your
patent for sale at our expense.
CHANDLEE SCHANDLEE, Patent Attorneys
976 F Street, Washington, D. C

fSKONK

W

ANDERSCH BROS., Depl.

Skins, HORSE UinCC
and CATTLE nlUtd

and aU olbpr kinds of Aan Fon
cash. lOtnftO'7, ron re money
■-11 to ship to us th.in tosfU at home,
-ite fnr r>i-ice list and market r.port.

HUNTERS* and TRAPPERS'

CU I O Is $5000, hook.anOpps clotli hound,
lllustntms nil Tiir anlmalf). AH about
tr.T'i.frL-.tro:tpe*-'»«ecrets.kindnf traps.
I inc.- #1. to Hi.ie ar>d Fur Shipper!,

.Miooeapotls, HIaa.

HOW TO FEED AND BREED HOGS

nportance to s-wine growers. ^ A

practical, clean, common-sense swine

paper for farmers can be had from now

" ■ Janu.Try, iQos, by sending 10 Cent*

Silver at once to

BLOODED 8TOCK,>

Oxford, Pa.

718

THE SOUTHERN PLANTER.

[November

The dealer who
sells lamp-chim-
neys to last, is
either a shrewd
or an honest man.
Macbeth.

How to take care of lamps, including the
getting of right-shape chimneys, is in my
Lidex ; sent free.

Macbeth, Pittsburgh.

FRAZER

Ax'e Grease J,z\v

Its wearing qualities are unsurpasseil, ac-
tually out'BSIiug 3 bxs nnv iilher brand,
Not allVi'ieil by heat. airGet the Genuine.
F(IK S.\L,K KV ALL llK.ALKKS.

SAN JOSE SCALE

and other Inseet-

can be con-
trolled by uiing

GOOD'S CAUSTIC POTASH

■WHALE OIL SOAP. No. 3.

c It also prevents Curl Leaf. Endorsed by en-
tomolnglsts. 'J his soap is a fertUlEer as well as
Insecticide 60 lb. kegs, $2 .iO: 100 lb. kegs Jl .W.
Half barrels, 270 lbs , at S^Jc per lb.; barrels,
425 lbs., at 3^c. Large quantities, special rates.
Send for circular.

939—41 N. Front St,

LIME

AGRICULTURAL
AND BUILDERS'

Send for Circulars and Price- List

FELLSWORTH LIME WORKS,

REEVES CATF, Agent,

Bodley, Augusta County, Virginia.

> POSITION WANTBD^jt

By an experienced farm-r as mauagfr
on large farm. Can take charge at once.
Best references given Adclre<s "FAK-
MEK " K. F. D. No. 5. liichmond, Va.

iM

Kfausets' tiquid
Extract of Sntofte

Niii.ik.siii.Ml TiiTfi-.-lly Ilia

in a supreme moment of danger, a man
! ecomes almost divine.

A humorous story of a double elope-
ment by Ralph Henry Barbour, called
".At the Crown and Sceptre," is in the
same delightful vein which has
ijiought the author to the top wave of
I-opularity.

"The Brothers Implacable," by Elea-
inr L. Stuart, is a stirring episode of
■1 secret society pitted against a moth-

■ rs love for her son.

Clinton Dangerfield's little tale called

Hiram Mathews's Monument" tells

■I'lout a village eccentric whose desire

tf) be remembered by his fellow-citi-

■ ens leads him to do that which places
him among the local immortals.

THE YOUTH'S COMPANION IN 1904.

As the years increase The Youth's
'"ompanion endeavors to keep pace

ith them in all that is wise, beautiful
1-id progressive, and not only to retain
' ■ t to deserve the honorable and ex-
ceptionally high place it holds in the
confidence and affection of three gen-
erations of readers. The greatest
living authors in all branches of litera'
ture continue to contribute to it.

Among the important series of arti-
cles will be one on the occupation of
the farmer in many parts of the world
— in England, in Ireland, in India, in
Argentina, etc.

The annual announcement number
of The Companion, describing the prin-
cipa features of The Companion's new
volume, will be sent to any address,
free.

The new subscriber for 190 1 will re-
ceive all the issues of The Companion
for the remaining weeks of 1903 free
from the time of subscription; also
The Companion Calendar for 1904,
lithographed in twelve colors and gold.

THE YOUTH'S COMPANION.
144 Berkeley St. Boston, Mass.

THE TEMPLE PUMP CO.
We are in receipt of an interesting
catalogue from the Temple Pump Co.,
Chicago, who have an advertisement
in another column. This catalogue
treats particularly of their "Master
Workman Engine." As this firm has
been in business now fifty years, it is
to he presumed that they know how to
make an engine. This engine can be
used either as portable engine or a
stationary one, and is invaluable to
every farmer. Among a few of its
uses are sawing wood, pumping water,
threshing, grinding. Irrigating, and
running the cream separator. This
company would like to mail this cata-
logue to every farmer who will send
his address.

HESSI.ER MAIL BOX.
A cheap, strong and durable mail
box for free delivery routes is adver-
tised by The H. E. Hessler Co., of
Syracuse, N. Y. Look up the ad. and
get some of your neighbors to join you,
thereby securing very low rates.

IN ALL LEGAL MATTERS,

Especially on Marriage and Di-
vorce, Partnership, Mortgages,
Bills-Sale, Deeds, Bonds, Notes
Stocks, Mining , Mining Com-
panies. Mining Investments,
Contracts, Agreements, Collec-
tions, Damage" Claims, Inter-
est. Homestead, Wills, Estates,
Etc., Etc. Correspondence
strictly confidential. Address

LEGAL BUREAU, Dept. U.

1122 Market Street, San Francisco, Cal.

BRsnsa

The Southern Planter,

If troubled with any form of ner-
vousness or Dyspepsia, Palpitation of
the Heart or Sleeplessness, Rush of
Blood to the head or General Debility

Can Be Cured By

DR. DUGNAL'S

FAMOUS NERVE PILLS.

40 DOSES BY MAIL, POSTPAID, 50c.
DUGNAL REMEDY CO.,

P. O. Drawer No. 52. Dept. J.

NEW HAVEN, CONNECTICUT.

DO YOU OWN STOCK?

If so, do you know how to
care for it when sick? Our
.Stock Book tells jou all about
animals and their diseases.
Write for terms. Agents want-
ed everywhere. Most liberal
terms. Outfit free.

B. M. ANDERSON & CO..
Box 533. - Richmond, Va.

SIEENSBORO, N.C.

10 treatment of THE LIQUOR, OPIUM, MORPHINE .Jid
II . r Drug Addictions. The Tobbacco Habit, Nerve Exhaustlen

1903.]

THE SOUTHERN PLANTER.

719

UnMCQ AND THE PLACE TO

FIND THEM.

No place iu the United States can a
man do so well at farminjc, for tk e money
invested, as in Virginia. Lands are
cheap; climate good, and the best of
markets close at hand. It is the State
of all others, for a comfortable all the
year round home. The James Kiver
Valley Colonization and Impiovement
Company offer superior advantages to
land purchasers. For free 36 page land
pamphlet, address

W. A. PARSONS, Vinita, Va.

C &0 Main St. Depot Richmond. Va.

To HOMESEEKERS.

"THE BUSINESS OF FARMING
IN VIRGINIA."

IB the title of a new pamphlet Issued by th«
Norfolk and Western Railway Company. We
will gladly mail you a copy.
W. B. BEVILL. PAUL SCHERER. Agt..
G. P. A., LaDds and Immigration,
Roanoke. Va.

I HAVE A LARGE LIST OF

FRUIT, POULTRY =nd TRUCK FARMS

Ten. Fifty and One Hundred Acres each, with

good buildings, close to steam and trolley

lines, easy access to the city. Also,

GRAIN AND STOCK FARMS

From 100 to 1.000 acres at low prices— all the

way from $5 to $50 per acre. Write for

Catalogue.

J. R. HOCKADAY, Richmond, Va.

Box 257.

IF YOU WISH TO SELL

VIRGINIA LANDS

Communicate with us. iVrlte for free
"Virginia Real Estate JournaJ," con-
taining many splendid bargains.
R. B. CrtAFUN & CO., Inc ,

No. I N 10th St., Richmond, Va

2 UOOD DAIRY FAHn?,

Vicinity of Washington FOR SALE.

ElTtric railway through one and near
the other. For particulars, address
L. K. WALT, 745 7th St., S E ,

Washington, D 0.

/ Can Sell Your Farm....

If located in one of these Virginia counties:
Prince George, Chesterfield, King William.
Gloucester, New Kent, King and Queen,
Hanover. Send descriiition, stating price,
JOHN JELINEK. lllfi Pine Alley,
Braddock, Pa.

nUr FIDMC In the great fruit grain and
rlllL lAnlllO stock section of VIRGINIA.

nest climate ami water in the U. S. Near great
martlets, with best educotional advantages.
For further informaiion. address

ALBEMARLE 1M.MIGR.\TI0N CO.,
Sam'l B.Woods. Pres Charlottesville. Va.

For full par-
ticulars write
A. JEFFERS.
Norfolk, Va.

Go South.

REPORTS.
U. S. Department of Agriculture, Wash-
ington, D. C. Animal Industry.
Bulletin 46. The Milk Supply of
200 Cities and Towns.

Bureau of Animal Industry. Bulle-
tin 48. The Animal Industry of
Argentina.

Office of Experiment Stations. Ex-
periment Station Record, Volume
XV., No. 2.

Bureau of Plant Industry. Bulletin
49. The Culture of the Central
America Rubber Tree.

Office of Public Road Enquiries.
Bulletin 26. Proceedings of the
National Good Roads Convention
at St. Louis, Mo., April, 1903.

Bureau of Soils. Bulletin 22. The
Chemistry of the Soil as Related
to Crop Production.

Bureau of Soils. Circular 11. Re-
clamation of Alkali Land at Fres-
no, Cal.

Farmers' Bulletin No. 179. Horse-
shoeing.

Farmers' Bulletin No. 180. Game
Laws for 1903.
Maryland Experiment Station. College
Park, Md. Bulletin 89. Experi-
ments with Potash as a Fertilizer.
Maryland Agricultural College, College
Park, Md. College Quarterly, Au-
gust, 1903. Analyses of Fertil-
izers.
Michigan Experiment Station. Agricul-
tural College, Mich. Special Bul-
letin 20. Report of the Upper
Peninsula Sub-Station.
Minnesota Experiment Station, St. An-
thony Park. Minn. Bulletin 82.
Hspmorrhagic Septicsemia.

Bulletin S3. Apples and Apple
Growing in Minnesota.
New York Experiment Station, Geneva.
N. y. Bulletin 233. Rennet En-
zyme as a Factor in Cheese Mak-
ing.

Bull°tin 334. Cold Cured Cheese.

Bulletin 23-5. Two New Apple Rots.

Bulletin 236. Conditions Affecting
Chemical Changes in Cheese
Ripening.

Bulletin 237. The Role of the Lac-
tic Acid Bacteria in the Manufac-
ture and Ripening of Chedden
Cheese.

Bulletin 238. The Status of Phos-
phorus in Certain Food Materials
and Animal By-Products.
Columbus Horticultural Society, Co-
lumbus, Ohio. Journal of the So-
ciety, September, 1903.
Wisconsin Experiment Station. Mfidl-
son, Wis. Bulletin 103. Soiling
Crops for Dairy Cows in Wiscon-
sin.

Bulletin 104. The Food Require-
ments of Pigs from Birth to Ma-
turity.
Virginia Experiment Station, Blacks-
burg, Va. Bulletin 136. Orchard
Studies IX. An Investigation into
the Character of Cider Apples in
Europe, and Comparisons with
American Fruit.

Bulletin 137. Orchard Studies X. A
Consideration of the Commercial

Better Clothes

FOR

Less Money

The 'Glen Rock" Kind
Direct from Mill.

The larseet woolen mill in the country aell-
iiiS .llenN aud Uoys' Clotbine direct to
the wetirer— ready made or to meaBure— at a
saving of 60 per cent, and over. Made to order
.Hen's Suits, which would cost ?;8.ti0 to
.?2>.i)0 at your tailor's, we are able to t-ell at
Sr.50 and SIO.OO because everything from
tlie weavingof iheclothfrom the raw mateiiiil
Co turning oiitthefinished suit is under one roof.
All cloth used is made irom tine selected wooIp.
EvL'ry garment is handsomely tinished. hears
our label, is guaranteed for one year, and will be
replaced if it dops not wear satisfactorily. Suits
at ubuve prices have

Hand'Shrunk CoUars,
Hand-made Button HoieSy
Padded Shoulders,

Handsome lines of Fall and Winter Overcoats
utiin equal saving. Men's all wool and worsted
crouaere. ^2, ¥2.5uand $3; handsomeiy made and
trimmed. WehaTetiie cheapest, «/"i-on£?es/ and
bestailwool boys' clothing. Also cloth by the
yard or piece, and ladies' suitings and skirtings.
Write to-day fursamples, etc.

GLEN ROCK WOOLEN MILLS,
Somerville, N. J.

I Can Sen

Four Farm

1 r other real estate, no nutter wbere It Is or what It
is wr.rth, tend description, state pi ice, and leani my
derfully successful pl.-in. W. M. OSTRAt'iDEiC

37« :.jr!i Aacr.'.-in Euiiiicj, Pi'bilc;:Lia

VIRGINIA FARMS

S3 PER ACRE AND UPWARDS.

i;.\.-^V PAYMENTS. CATALOGUE FRBH.

GEO. E. CRAWFORD & CO., Richmond, Vs.

Established 1875.

\V.\N1EUTU -^KLL OK EXCHANGE
Ni'wport Ntws property for farm or
pine timber land. Prefer farm in Val-
ley of Virginia. H D. COLEMAN,
Newport Kews, Va

"In the Green Fields of Vtrgink/*

Homes for all; Health for all: Happiness and
Independence for all. All sizes of Farms at
corresponding prices, but all reasonable.

MACON & CO., Orange, Va.

VIRGINIA FARMS

All price! and Elzea. Free list on appUcatloB.
WM B. PIZZINI CO., RrCHMONu. V*.

SOUTHWESTERN VIRGINIA

BLUE GRASS FARMS and MINERAL LANDS.

Send for Free Real Estate Bulletin.
Southwestern Va. Land Agency, Wytheville, Va.

a-^* VIRGINIA FARMS •-«■•

Nice little poultry farm. lOo acres, good house
and orchard, 55i 0 Ou. Blue Grass, stock and
Fruit Farms. Address PORTER & GATES,
Louisa, Va.

720

THE SOUTHERX PLANTER.

[November

VICTOR BOOK

money back. The book is free.
Write lor it lo-day. Pm1»I .ill do.

GEO. EBIEL CO., Qmncy, El,

^^SV

EASY MONEY

™

It mide l,j iiiil.llir.s s llnvekey.
Incubator. Liulo f.-st, lji;l.- c»re.
resulu tare, profils lartie. 8U I»UTI|'
Free TrUl. c.ul. e« tree. Menlion
Ihii p.[>«r.-HBwl.eje Inciihntor
Co.. Box 4!l, KewCon, lotru.

that poultry pays a larg-er proCl
for the money Invested than any
I other business; that anybody may
make a success of it without long
training or prcTions experience;
tint the Renable T--eubntor« and Rrooder* wUl pive
tbebest^e^uit5jnallcases. Our20|hCentarr Poultry
Book t^iis just ^vhv, and a hundred other things yoa
Bh. uld kf^w. V. e r.jr.:i the b'^'>k for lo cent?. Write
to-dav. ■ft"e Iiavei; J Aar^^s of thorourhbnd j. -iiltry.

IELU6LE INCUBATOR & BROODER CO.. Coi B-n Quiacy, III.

COCKERELS, iWyckotf strain )
S. C. WHITE LEGHORNS.

To make room I will sell at $1.50
each. For prize -winners write to
C. G. M. FINK, Rosneath Road.
Henrico county, Va.

HNE TURKEYS.

Bred fou Bbeeders.'

Lftst .vea' my Mammoth Bronze turkevs were
very line, but this yearthebesti eversaw. They
are the S. B. .Inhnston stock, derived from prize
winners. .SPECIAL RATKS lo those sending
money before Nov. 1st. and the most select birds
to first orders. I also have a few very fine thor-
oaghbred Barred I'lymcuth Rock cockerels for
Bale. Rales reasonable on all. Write for circulars

p|PD*l«>NT POULTRY I'LACF,
Miss E. Ctllle Giles, Prop. . Wbillle's D:pot, Va.

BROWN LEGHORNS.

Young .stock for sale in
Fall. Price.s reasonable.

White Plymouth Rocks-
R. W. HAW,Jr„ - - Centralia, Va.

PIT games:

Black Devils and Red Morses.

These cocta won 90 per cent of battles foaght
In WOl and I'Xti and have never lost a battle
when gameness and cutlinK q lallties could win.
Choice lot of young and old stock lor sale.

THOS. W. JAR.MAN, Vaacey Mills, Va.

Bargains in FINE COCKERELS,

JL50 each for a short time to make room —
32 best varkties. Large, Illustrated Catalogue
free for stamps. Write to-day.

VALLEY POULTRY FARMS.
J. E. HEATWOLE, Propr., Harrisonburg, Va.

Handling of Cider Fruit. Grind-
ing and Expressing the Mush.
Bulletin 138. Orchard Studies XI.
A Consideration of the Principles
and Technique Involved in the
Fermentation and Final Finishing
of Ciders.
Bulletin 139. Orchard Studies XII.
The Chemical Composition of
Ciders.
Bulletin 140. Orchajd Studies XIII.
Some Observations on Crown Gall
of Apple Trees.

Virginia Weather Bureau, Richmond,
Va. Report for September, 1903.

Wyoming Experiment Station, Lara-
mie. Wyo. Index Bulletin C.

Imperial Department of Agriculture
for the West Indies. Barbadoes,
W. I. Agricultural News, Septem
ber, 1903.

BOOKS AND PAMPHLETS.
Grasses, and How to Grow Them. —
The above is the title of Professor
Shaw's new book just issued from the
presses of the Webb Publishing Co. It
is the only boolc ever published in
America which treats of the growth of
the grasses of this continent in a regn
lar and systematic way. The book
has 470 pages. It is neatly bound in
cloth and is sufficiently illustrated. It
is written in that clear, plain and or-
derly style which characterizes all
Professor Shaw's writings. So practi'
cal is the information presented, that
while the book discusses all the grasses
of any considerable economic value
grown in America, the person who
never grew them previously should be
able to do so in an intelligent way
after reading the book. Price, cloth
$1.50. We can supply this book at the
published price.

The Feather's Practical Pigeon Book.
— By J. C. Long. Profusely illustrat-
ed. Published by Geo. E. Howard,
Washington. D. C. Price, 50 cents.
This book will be found of interest and
value to those keeping or contemplat-
ing keeping fancy pigeons. We can
supply the book at the publisher's
price.

The School and the Commonwealth,
the Centre of Our Larger Hope. — An
address to the graduates of the Rif-b-
mond High School, June, 1903. by Wm.
M. Thornton, LL. D., University of
Virginia.

PLYMOUTH ROCK COCKERELS.

I have some very fine pure bred birds, 6 and
t months old, I will sell for il each.
F. MAXWELL CONNER. Richmond. Va.
P. O. Box 316.

Principles of Profitable Fanning,
published by the German Kali Works.
Nassau street. New York city, will be
sent free if you mention The Soith-

ERW Pl.ANTER.

PREMIUM LISTS. CATALOGUES,
ETC.
Virginia State Horticultural Society.
Programme of the Eighth Annual
Session, to be held at Pulaski. De-
cember 2d and 3d. Walter Whate-
ley. Secretary, Crozet, Va.
Virginia Pigeon, Poultry and Pet Stock

FOR SAI.^;.— A lot of BROWN LEG-
HORX chickens. Pure blood, 60c each.
W. B. GATES, Rice Depot, Va.

■FOR SALE-

n B. Turkeys, Pekin Ducks, White Wyan-
dottes. S. C. B. Leghorns (the great Winter
layers) and B. P. Rock chickens. Order Now
and get the best. Miss CLARA L. JMITM, '
Caroline Co. Croxton, Va.

Barred Plymouth Rocks, J^^tY^l-

FOR SALE; strong, healthy, vigorous
farm-raised pullets— bred for laying.
WM. B LEWI,?, Ibby, NottrwayCo , Va.

^ 3 M. P. D. 5 ^

The above stands for

TRIO MAMMOTH PEKIN DUCKS

f.5.00 as long as they last.
PERFECTION POLAND-CHINAS,
PROTECTION DUROC JERSEYS,

Only the best is bred at The Cedars.
THE CEDARS, WH. G. OWENS,

P. & S. Farm. Midlothian, Va.

WANTED!

ALL KINDS OF

LIVE WkD BIRt}6 AND ANIMALS

Particularly Deer, Wild Turkeys, Wblta
Squirrels. Ducks, Swans. Bob White Quail,
Grey Squirrels. Etc.

CECIL FRENCH,
718 TwelHh St. N. W., Washinglor. D. C.

riRST CLASS FOW^LS

FOR SALE. CHEAP.

Barred, Buff and White Plymouth Rocks,
White Wyandottes, Light Brahmas, Buff and
Partridge Cochins, Black Hinorcas, Black
Langshans, Brown and White Leghorns.

Now is the time to secure bargains.
Oakland PorLTBv Farm,

C. J. WARINER. Mgr., Rrrris, N. C.

Barred and White

PLYMOUTH ROCKS

Single and R. C. B. Leghorn, S. L.
Wyandottes, Light Brahma and B.
Minorca Cockerels for sale. $1 per sin-
gle bird; a trio for $3.
J. B. JOHNSON, Clover Hill Farm,

Manassas, Va.

SILVER-LACED : Zl

WYANDOTTES.

New blood, choice specimens,
strong and healthy birds or
fine plumage- ready tor ship-
ment at il.dO each. Also
pure-bred POLAND-CHINA
PIGS at »5.00 each.

Dr. H. H. LEE,

Lexio^oo, Va.

A neat Binder for your back nam-
bers can be had for 25 cents. Addren
our Business Office.

1903.]

THE SOUTHERN PLANTER.

721

5p8cvi]«

I

Booe Spavin. Bob Spavin, Elnebone or
any kind at blemish-we have wbat you
need lo make ateiUin cure. Guaranteed
always— money right back If It ever fallB.

Fleming's Spavin Cure (Liquid)

for the soft bonches-Paste for the hard
on.^^ A 4.i-rainure application and the
laine'ne>st,"i"s. Ln:^f.f blemish infor
matlon m the iree book we send.

arvd

^PoU Evil

> yourself what horse doctors
TK© biu' prtcet* for trying to do.
V.V..3 FistuUior Poll EvU in fifteen
to thirty days.

Fleming^s Fistula & Poll Evil Cure

ia a wonder— guaranteed to cure any
case— money back if it fails. No cutting-
no scar. Leaves the horse sound and
Btnoolh. Write for our tree boolL on
diseases and blemishes of horses.

~!-eMINC BROS., Chemists,
S80 Colon Stock Yards, Chlcaso* I

ITQCKLICK IT
TOCK^lKEIT

'<

BLACKMAN'S
MEDICATED

SALT BRICK

The only pi»r»nteed Tonic. Blood Part-
fler. Kidney and Liver Regulator and
alder o( Digestion for alt stock. A
sure hit on worms. Ticks cannot live-
No dosing, no drenching, and no waste I
of feed. Your horse his own doctor.
Endorsed by thousands

Blacknaa Stock Remeity C«k

930 HlghlandPark, Ohattanooga.Tenn.

White Wyandottes, Buff Leg-
horns, Bronze Turkeys.

I can supply a few trios of White
Wyandotte Cockerels and Pullets. Im-
mediate delivery. Fine layers.

Buff Leghorn Cockerels of extra fine
laying strain ready for delivery in No-
vember.

Bronze Turkeys in pairs or trios.
All at reasonable prices.

One U. S. Separator in perfect re-
pair. Capacity 350 pounds milk per
hour. Cost $125. Price, $50.

A. R. VENABLE, Jr.,
Milnwood Dairy Farm.

P. 0. Box 147. Farmville, Va.

FOR SALE— Trio Toulouce Qeese;

1901 hatch, or will exchange for trio

good M. Bronze Turkeys.

DAVID W. LEARY, Mattoax, Va.

Association. Premium list of the
Third Annual Exhibition November
23-28, 1903, at the Masonic Temple,
Broad street, Richmond. Frank
Jenkins Secretary, 517 W. Broad
street. Richmond, Va.

Paper Shell Pecans. Fruit Guide and
Catalogue. B. W. Stone & Co.
Thomasville, Ga.

DeLaval Separator Co., Cortlandt St..
New York city. How to apply busi-
ness principles to the testing and
selection of a Separator.

Studebakers' Farmer's Almanac, 1904.
Studebaker Bros. Mfg. Co., South
Bend. Ind.

The Reliable Incubator and Brooder
Co.. Qiiincy, III. "A reliable busi-
ness opportunity." Prospectus of-
fering stock in the capital of the
Company.

A copy of the pamphlet "Principles
of Profitable Farming," is before us in
a new and revised edition.

The principles of proper rotation
with leguminous crops and the great
advantages to be derived by such meth-
ods are explained in the pamphlet in
a fascinating manner. A description
of the Experiment Farm at Southern
Pines, N. C. where the best methods
of uiflsing fertilizers are being studied
and put into practice, is also a valu-
able feature of this publication.

A thorough perusal of the book
would be of interest and benefit to all
practical farmers and copies can be
had. free of charge, by writing to the
German Kali Works, 93 Nassau street,
New York, N. Y.

CAHOON BROADCAST SFFOWTfcj
There are places where broad-cast
seeding refuses to go out in spite of
all the modern drill machinery. In
many such places the inseparable com-
panion of the sower for forty-five years
lias been the Gaboon Broadcast Seeder
— a remarkable term of service for a
machine so simple. But in its simplic-
ity, as well as its perfect working
qualities, is to be found, perhaps, the
cause of its continued popularity. Like
broadcast seeding itself, it seems des-
tined never to release its ho'd. Of
course, it is not identically the same
machine it was originally. It has been
improved. But there's enough of the
old. which was always good, and
enough of the new, which means its
adoption of improvements, which ex-
perience has shown to be desirable, to
make it about the best machine of its
kind on the market at this day.

The Goodell Company. Antrim. N.
H., are the manufacturers. They ad-
vertise it in our paper. The Sower's
Manual mentioned in the ad. telling
how. when and how much to sow. is a
valuable little book for the planter to
have. Note that it will come free if
you write the Goodell Company for It.

A neat Binder for your back nnm-
bera can be had for 25 cents. AddraM
our Business Office.

Warranted

to give satisfaction.

GOMBAILT'S

CAISTIC BALSAM

A safe, speedy and
positive cure for

Curb, Splint, Sweeny, Capped Hock,
Strained Tendons, Founder, Wind Puffs,
and all lameness from Spavin, Ringbone
and other bony tumors. Cures all skin
diseases or Parasites, Thrush, Diphtheria.
Removes all Bunches from Horses or
Cattle.

Is Invaluable. _ . , .

Every bottle of CanBtio Balsam sold la
Wan-anted to give satisfaction. Price 8^1.50
per bottle. Sold by drupgist.ij or sent by <
press, charges paid. =*»>'••"
" -1 for desc
Address
THB LiWRBNCB-WILLIlMSCOHPlKT.CIeTeUnd, OMo.

FOUTZi

HORSE

AND

cattle:

■fOWDER

DAVID E.FOUTZ

aALT/MOR£.'MD.

DEATH TO HEAVES

idnc which makes
s Will, the liscascd
whole, the weak strong and the
thin fat. It will restore lost Appetite,
expel Worms and cure Chronic Cough,
Heaves, Influen^^a, Distemper, HiJe-
1 bound, Indigestion, Constipation, Flat-
k ulfncy acd all Stomach and Bowel

NEWTON'S He«T«, Coofh, D^
temper ud ladlgettiua Cnr*.

riaary specinc for wiod.

Little Chicks

:thrlve when led on our
BABY CHICK FOOD.
A perfect balanced food. Send for free
sample and our large Illustrated catalog
of POULTRY SUPPLIES,

INCUBATORS:and

BROODERS.

FANCIERS' SUPPLY CO.,

517-519 West Broad St., ,

Richmond, Va.

EVERYTHINQ FOR THE FANCIER.

THE SOUTHERN PLAN^TEK.

[November

New
Games

A FREE game— 60 kinds— iuside
each package of

Lion Coife

BERKSHIRE PIGS.

We have a fine lot of young
pigs for sale, all from thorough-
bred registered stock. Write
for p r i c e s . HOLLYBROOK
FARMS, Richmond, Va.

FOR SdLie.

Large Cnglish Berkshire Hogs,
Barred Plymou'.h Rock Chickens

BEN. BOLT, 60747, 430 lbs. as a yearling at
head of herd. .t-?EGGS IN SEASON.
JOHN P. FOSTER, Nocreek, Ohio Co . Ky

Large English Berkshires

Choice piL'.s for saie, also B. P K. Chick-
ecs, Biltmore .strains Stock as repre-
sented or money refunded.

G. .\ORHW WAT-ON, Birdwood, Va.
CL.^Ri.VfiTo.v SmcK Farm.

BE R KSHIRES

A FEW BOAK FJGS FOR SALE;
By Masou of Bi'tmorc II, out of Elmwood's
Benuly II (726D.'5) and Elmwood's Besuty III
(7i717). Nothing but Biltmore blood in my herd.

ROUT. UIBBERT. (harlottesville, Va.

THOKOLGH-BKED....

Berkshire Boars,
Dorset Buck Lambs,
Jersey Bull Calves.

All stock in best of condition and
guaranteed as represented.
F. T. ENGLISH, GUYS, Q. A. CO., iVId.

CHOIClf, YOUNG

DUROC=JERSEY PIGS

Of both sexes for sale. All stock en-
titled to registry and guaranteed as
rei resented or money refunded.

D. L. ROBERTSON,
NVanon Co. MARMADUKB, N. 0.

HOG CHOLERA.
Recent experiments and tests in the
treatment of this terrible disease made
by more than 300 farmers and hog
breeders, who reported at the Illinois
State Fair last week, that they have
cured their hogs with the Snoddy Hog
Cholera remedy is conclusive proof
that the farmers can protect their hogs
against the ravages of this destructive
disease with this remedy. In addition
to preventing and curing the disease,
it proved to be the greatest worm rem-
edy and thrift producer they have ever
used. Any practical farmer can pre-
vent it or can cure the disease after
their hogs have got it. Snoddy's free
book on Hog Cholera fully explains the
treatment and contains other valuable
information for a farmer to make hog
raising profitable. Will be sent free
to any hog raiser, who will send their
name and address to the Snodrlv Rem-
edy Co., Box 16, A'ton, 111. This dis
covery is saving millions of dollars an-
nually for the hog raisers, and every
one should write at once for this free
information, or cut this out and pre-
serve it for future reference.

GOOD BYE: SMOKE HOUSE.

Kiauser's Liquid Extract of Smoke
Makes it Useless.

The smoke house always was a
source of worriment. vexation and ex-
pense, anyhow. When it catches fire
let it go up in smoke. There's a bet-
ter way to smoke meats. That is by
using Krauser's Liquid Extract of
Smoke. It's been gainin.g in all parts
of the country for several years past
and there is no longer any doubt that
it is driving the smoke house out of
business.

Kr-auser's Liquid Extract of Smoke
is made from selected hickory wood.
It is applied to meat with a brush or
spon.ce. It contains the same ingre-
dients that preserve meat that is
smol'Ted in the old way. It gives meat
a delicious, sweet flavor and gives per-
fect protection against insects and
mould. It is cheaper and cleaner than
the old way. Information concerning
its use, cost, etc., can he had by writ-
in.g to the makers. E. Krauser & Bro.,
Milton, Pa.

AN OPTIMIST.

According to the Chicago Daily
News, the old man was sitting on the
roof of his house in Kansas after the
floods, and was gazing placidly across
the rtishing waters.

"Washed all your fowls away?"
asked the man in the boat.

-"Yes, but the ducks swam," smiled
the old man.

"Tore up your peach-trees?"

"Don't mind it much. They said the
crop would be a failure."

"But the flood! It is up to your
windows!"

"Wal, them windows needed wash-
ing, anyway, stranger." '

RERKSHIRES

ANNEFIELD HERD

Represents the

Finest Blood Lines

in England. or America.

Stock for sale at all times.

Correspondence Sollctled.

Inspection invited.

I EDW. G. BUTLER, Annefield Farms,

1! Briggs. Clarke Co., Va.

Southdown and

TJaSIRiMBIIiSDktSSi''?;' hfheep and Lambs
FOR SALE ; also ESSBX pigs For
prices, apply to L G.JONES,

Bethania. N. C.

.. HAWKLEY STOCK FARMS .-.

Offers some very fine
BERKSHIRE PI GS; aiso choice young

BOARS. Nothnjg but Tors sold. A few fine S.
C. B. LEGH01;N Cockerels left ; from extra fine
layers. ,1. T. OLIVER, Aliens Level. Va.

Farmer's Prices.

ON GOOD, GROWTHY, thkifty

foQiisn mmm m mwum m

r.wks to 4 mns. old, to close out stock: also
\\ liite Blymoulh Rocks at reasonable figures.
BYRD BROS, R. F. D.. S.^I.^s|ll■nY. N. C.

P.i.f^ 0. I. C. PIGS

i?5»b^s:» FROn REQ. STOCK,
EOR SALE. PRICES RIGHT.
F. S. MICHIE, Charlottesville, Va.

Kerkshire,
C. Vl'hites Fine larj?e
strains. All ages, mated
not a in, K week, pigs.

Bred sows. Service boars __ „

and I'oultrv. Write lor prices and free circular.
P. F. HAMILTON, Cochranville, Chester Co., Pa.

Aryshires, Berkshires and Oxford-Downs.

Ayrshire Calves of both aexea, tierksbtra
rigs and Boar and 2 Oxford- Down Rams for
nale. MELROSE CASTLE FAU.M,

Enos H. Hess, Manager, CasanoTa, V«.

Poland Chinas, Chester Whites and
Mammoth Bronze Turkeys at Far-
mers prices

S. M. WISECARVER,

Rustburg, Va.

lUnnDA PflATC *■■« handsome, hardy and
AntlUnA UUA I 0 prolUable For large cir-
cular adilress E, W. COLE & CO., Big Clitty, Ky.

1903.] THE SOUTHEKN PLANTEK. 723

xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx

Breeders Gazette g

X

X

"^^^^1 Specials! i^^^^^i g

Those who subscribe now for the world's greatest illustrated Q

agricultural weekly— THE BREEDER'S GAZETTE— X

will get, in addition to the brimming regular issues, such X

special numbers as the following: .• .• •• .' .' .* X

November 18 X

Thanksgiving Day Edition, J

December 9 g

C/i/cago International Sliow X

Report— lllustraled. g

December 16 x

. — ^

Christmas Number. x

Needless to say these will be up to THE GAZETTE'S g

usual standard. Why not have the best? g

The Christmas Numbe* will have a lithographed cover X

reproduction of the drawing that won THE GAZET FE'S X

f2U0.00 cash prize for best design for that purpose. A x

great double number free to all subscri' ers ^

Terms S2.00 per year. Special rates to agents and clubs. Q

Sample copy of regular issue free if you mention this X

paper. Address X

J. H. SANDERS PUBLISHING CO., g

358 Dearborn Street, .• .' .' .* CHICAGO, ILL. X

X
XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX

724

THE SOUTHERN PLANTER

[November

Market Toppers for Sale, Low.

Lot fine Reg. Angus bull calves, five
to six mos., $75.

Lot I grade Angus heifers coming 2
years. Safe in calf by Reg. Angus
bull. Price. 6Jc. per pound.

1 Bull Calf coming 4 mos., out of fine
Hereford cow, by Reg. Angus bull. $40

Lot J grade Angus heifers, coming
1 year. Price, 6c. per pound.

One 12 mos. old Reg. Angus heifer.
$100.

Pure-bred White Plymouth Rock
Cockerels and Pullets, $1.00 each.
W. M. WATKINS & SONS,

Saxe, Charlotte Co., Va.

ANGUS BULL CALVES

SIRED BY THE
CKampion Bull BARON IDA.

These calves are choice individuals.

ENGLISH SETTER PUPS.
Sire and dam prize winners.
WARREN RICE, Winchester, Va.

H. F. COLEMAN & SONS,

MULBERRY GAP. TENN..

— BKEEDERS OF —

ABERDEEN=ANQUS CATTLE.

JANNET'S KING, 48271, greatest
son of Valiant Knight XL, 29331. first
prize bull at all three of the Interna-
tional shows, heads the herd. Visi-
tors and correspondence invited.
Young things for sale.

Splendid Registered

ANGUS BULL

Age 17 mos., thoroughly tick proof
(Immune), for sale. Price, $250. Also
a beautiful 5 mos. ANGUS HEIFER.
No kin to bull, for $50. Write for
breeding, etc. C. A. WILLIAMS,
Ringwood, N. C.

ANGUS BULL CALF.

Adrance Star, 645S9, 1 yr. old, Kov. 28, 190;'.;
sire Zolre 3I.'S71 ; dam Audubon Beauty. This
calf is well bred, weighed 560 lbs. at 9 mos., and
bids fair to be a superior Herd Bull. For price
and further particulars, address

Rev. S. S. HEPBURN, Oliver, Va.

WHITE YORKSHIRE PIGS

Entitled to registration, FOR S.4LE.

HENRY H. CLARKE, "Chantilly,"

Broad Street Road, Richmond, Va.

Kingsley, la., Sept. 16, 1903.
Dr. Jos. Haas, V. S., Indiapolis, Ind.:

Dear Sir: — We take much pleasure
in informing you of our success in
handling your most valuable Hog Rem-
edy during the past five years. We
have sold during that time about
$3,000,00 worth of the Remedy, to
more than 100 regular customers, who
have used it right along with great sue"
cess. A good number of our custom-
ers report to us that they have cured
the cholera in their herds, after the
disease had broken out, and several
hogs had died before they began using
the Remedy. We can get sworn state-
ments from our customers to the above
facts if desired.

Our experience with your Remedy
has taught us that it should in all
cases be used as a preventive, before
the hogs are taken sick, and by so do-
ing it keeps them in a healthy condi-
tion, also will pay many times the cost
of the Remedy by the extra gain in
the weight of the hogs.

We can cheerfully recommend your
Remedy to all dealers and feeders,
after our long experience with it, as
we feed it to our own herd of thor-
oughbred Duroc-Jerseys, in addition to
selling it to our customers. Our boar,
American Royal, No. 15453, won sweep"
stakes over all ages at the Interstate
Fair, held in Sioux City this month,
over entries from Iowa State Fair,
Missouri, Nebraska and South Da-
kota. Yours very truly,

EDMONDS, SHADE & CO.,
Dealers in Grain and Live Stock.

The man or woman, boy or girl, who
wants to succeed with poultry ought
by all means to have a copy or the new
'annual catalogue of the Reliable In-
cubator & Brooder Co., of Quincy, 111.
The book will convince any one who
contemplates buying an incubator or
a brooder that the "Reliable" is as good
as its name indicates; and there is a
lot of valuable information in it about
hatching and the care of poultr.v which
is new to all but a lew experts wno
are making fortunes out of poultry,
Any one who will follow "Reliable"
methods and our "Reliable" machines,
can make money out of poultry. The
"Reliable" people make money them-
selves out of their immense poultry
farm, a side issue of their business,
and their experience has enabled them
to build up an immense business in
"Reliable" poultry supplies, which
comprise "everything for the poultry-
man." To get acquainted with the
"Reliable" people is like getting ac-
quainted with some good neighbor,
who has made a lot of money and
takes pleasure in telling you how you
can do it.

Smithers — "Do you know any one
who has a horse to sell?" She — "Yes;
I suspect old Brown has." Smithers —
"Why?" She — "Well, papa sold him
one vesterday." — London Punch.

V.P.I.

Farm Bulletin

We are now offering some choice young
Bulls of the following breeds:

Shorthorn, Hereford, Aberdeen-Angus.

Write at once for pedigrtes and prices.

D. 0. NOURSE, Prof, of Agr.
Blacksburg, Va.

Swift Creek Stock and Dairy Farm

Has f';ir sale a large num-
ber of nice young regii-
lered A. J. C C.

JERSEY BULLS
AND HEIFERS.

None better bred in the South. CombiDlng
closely the most noted and up-to-date blood
in America. Bulls 10 to 12 months old. 125;
Helters, same age, 135. POLAND CHl.VA
PIOS, $5 each. Send check and get -whtt
}ou «-aDt.

T. P. BRASWELL. Prop.- Battleboro. N. C.

jkSmmM

Fine JERSEY BULL For Sale.

I offer at a reasonshle fisure. a thoroughbred
Jersev bull, ■) years old June lOtli, 9103 Gentle,
solid "color with black tongue and switch and
emit ed to registry. This bull is a great arnnd-
son of the famous Canada's John Bull, and If In
every respect, a strictlv first-class animal. For
full information applv to s. B WALKER,
Walkers Ford. Va.

MILCH COWS WANTED.— Car load
lots heavy milchers or springers. Give
detailed description individuals, breed,
age, guaranteed production and lowest
spot price delivered Asheville. Ad-
dress ANANDALE DAIRY FARMS,
Asheville, N. C.

FOR SALE— A NO. 1 REG. HERE-
FORD BULL, 7 months old, well
marked, weighing over ?00 lbs.
Address \VM. C. STUB6S,
Sassafras P O . Gloucester Co., Va.

ST. OMER HERD

oners young bulls fit for serrlce, out ot
tested dams with good yearly records. Strong
in ETile of St. L.. King of St. L. and Sto««
Pogls of Prospect. Reasonable prices.

JOS. T. HOOPES. Bynum. Md.

FOR SALE

100 good grade breeding ewes. Bred to
Shropshire bucks for early lambs. In lots to
suit purchasers.

.\ few good Horses and Mules also for sale.

Also one-half interest in twenty-four thou-
sand acres West Virginia Coal and Timber
lands. Will take In exchange good James
River lands. Call on or address

JOHN MATHEWS. East Richmond, Va.

FOR SALE.- -My Trotting-bred Stallion

GEORGE BURNS, foaled May 14. liiOO. Ma-
hogany bay, star In face, left hind foot white,
of good style, easy to handle: will make good
breeder. Write for his breeding.
J. TABB JANNEY, Van ClevesvlUe, W. Va.

1903.] THE SOUTHEKJSr PLANTER 725

BILTMORE FARMS, - Biltmore, N. C.

Headquarters for GOLDEN LAD JERSEYS,

Also Get of TREVARTH and GEN. MARIGOLD. ^ ^ j«

GOLDEN LAD'S SUCCESSOR. First and sweepstakes over all at the Pan-American Exposition, the
champion JEKSEY BULL OF AMERICA, and out of Golden Ora, our great prize-winning cow, both
born and developed on these Farms, is among our service bulls.

Biltmore Jerseys are a combination of large and persistent milking qualities with an individuality
that wins in the show ring.

SPECIALTY. Write for descriptive circular of the best lot of young buU calves ever offered, both for
breeding and individuality. They are by noted sires and out of large and tested selected dams. Many
of these calves are fit to show and win in any company.

^ ^ BILTMORE POULTRY YARDS. ^ ^

SPECIALTY. Write for descriptive circular of eggs from our prize-winning pens. Over 50 yards to select
from, made up of the winners at the leading shows for the last two seasons. If you want winners you
must breed from winners.

Headquarters for the best IMPORTED ENGLISH BERKSHIRES.
I APPLY TO BILTMORE FARMS, biltmore, n. c.

..FRUIT and PODLTRY FARM..

o:E=^-E^-s:£ej

1,000 Cockerels and Pullets

All HIGHLY BRFD of the following breeds:

Barred and White Plymouth Rocks, White
and Silver=Laced Wyandottes and Brown
Leghorns, at = = = $ 1 .00 each.

WRITE AT OiNCE AND GET THE BEST.

(No Ducks to offer at present).

P. H. HEYDENREICH, Prop., .* / .* Staunton, Va.

726

THE SOUTHERN PLANTER

[November

ANGORA GOATS.

A few pairs for sale — High grades,
$15; Registered, $40 per pair.

JEREMY IMPROVEMENT CO.,
SAXE, VA.

150 Jacks, Jennets and Mules.

Best assortment I ever owned. Can
you exactly. Write for descrlp
tlon and prices. Also
will sell 2 Percheron
Stallions at close fig-
ures.

BAKER'S JACK FARM.
Lawrenc*. Ind.

Knight & Jetton,

Breeders of and Dealers Ini

Ja.clcs, Jennets, Stallions.

Durham and Hereford

YEARLINGS.

Send stamp for Catalogue.

Murfreesboro, Tenn.

^

Jacks, Jennets and Stallions

FOR SALE. Fine Jacks a
Spicialty. Wh' n writing
state exactly what you want
or come and see our stock.

W. E. KNIQHT & CO.,
Route S. NasbvMIc, Tenn.

Sale or Exchange

2 BEAUTIFUL JACKS, for pure-bred
Red Polled cattle, good draft or coach
stallions. W. S. MOTT, Dixondale, Va

nORSETSANDHEREFORDS.

Some Exceptionally Rare Bargains to Quick Buyers.

My herd bull, bull calves and Dorset

bucks. Registered stock.
H. ARMSTRON6, l/intz mills, VA.

PURE-BRED

M. BRONZE TURKEYS, GOLDEN and
SILVER PENCILED HAMBURG and BAR-
RED PLYMOUTH ROCK ChlckenR. Eega In
season. For sale by T. J. WOOLDRIDOE,
French Hay, Va.

FOR SALE AT A BARGAIN.

A thoroughbred Registered HOLSTBIN-
FRESIAN Bull Calf. H. W. MANSON.
Crewe. Va.

THE INTERNATIONAL LIVE STOCK
EXPOSITION FOR 19D3.

The leading agricultural and live
stock educators of the United States
and Canada are paying tribute to the
value of the International Live Stock
Exposition to the country in almost
every current issue of the agricultural
and live stock press. A word, there-
fore, as to the arrangements for the
1903 exhibit will no doubt prove of
value to your readers.

The Board of Directors have issued
a statement regarding the new coli-
seum, and while it is regretable that
we will not have our entire buildings
at our disposal this year, nevertheless
with the old building, provided with
greatly increased stall room and with
better arransements for pens for the
hogs and sheep, we will be alile to han-
dle the show more advantageously
than any of its predecessors. Tempo-
rary facilities will be constructed to
secure ample- room for each depart
ment to prevent any branch crowding
the other.

The programme will be arranged to
give each and every breed and kind
full benefit of all that the show Im-
plies to the exhibitor.

The live stock people have shown
their earnestness in the welfare of the
International by taking memberships
in the permanent organization, yet a
more general membership is looked
for to insure continued success. In
this connection there is no change in
the rules or regulations of the Expo-
sition. The awards are open to the
same competitors as heretofore, wheth-
er exhibitor is a member or not, so that
whether your application for member-
ship is filed as yet or not, your -ela-
tionship so far as being an exhibitor
is concerned is the same as at former
shows.

The entries and Inquiries received
Indicate a greater interest and larger
exhibit than at any of the previous ex-
positions.

The railroads have given the same
rates for visitors, with earlier selling
dates for exhibitors, as published each
previous year, and additional special
excursions will be run this year by sev-
eral of the lines reaching Chicago.
Everything points to a big event No-
vember 28th to December 5th at Chi-
cago. W. E. Skinnkb.

ONE WAS SUFFICIENT.

Jimmy, aged five, had been naughty,
and his mother had punished him in
the good, old-fashioned way. His fath-
er pretended to be greatly shocked n'
overhearing the aggrieved youngster
express a hope that a large stray bear
rai.sht happen along some dark ni.a
to make af his offending parent.

"But, Jimmy," said his father, im-
pressively, "you shouldn't say such
dreadful things. You should always
remember, my son, that a boy never
has more than one mother."

"Thank God for that!" breathed
Jimmy fervently. — November Lippin-
cott's.

Kentucky

Herefords

Headed bjr the (amoua

inPORTED BRITISHER

No. 145096 Champion Bull over all bre«d« ID
England and Grand Sweepstakes Cbamploo
at Chicago 1902 Live Stock Exposition.

We can furnish buyers with anything they
wish from the FANCIEST THAT CAN BB
BRED to the cheaper class usually desired by
the beginner. Write us before buying. Olad
to answer Inquiries.

Giltner Bros., Eminence, Ky.

ELLERSLIE FARMi.^
Thoroughbred Horses

AND SHORTHORN CAHLE,

Pnre SonthdoTim Sheep
and Berkshire Pig*.

For Sale. R. J. HANCOCK & SON,

Charlottesville, Va.

COOK'SCREEK HERD

Scotch-Topped
Shorthorns^^

Herd Headed by Governor Tyler, 1586 48.
Young Bulls for sale. Inspection and corres-
pondence Invited.

HEATWOLE & SUTER, Dale Enterprise, Va.

Quietude

SHORTHORNS

rOR SALE.

1 yearling bull, 3 bull calves 2 two year-old
heifers bred to a pure Pcolch bull, 3 yearling
heifers and a few cows. This stock Is first class
and In excellent condition. Write to or come
to see T. J. THOMPSON, Swoope, Va

PUKE BRED

Short Horn Calves

from fine Stock. Also

Yorkshire Pigs

of very Prolific Breed.

JAS. n. HOQE, Hamilton. Va.

SPRINQWOOD SHORTHORNS.

SPECIAL OFFERING.

1 yearling bulls, sired by Verbena's cham-
pion No. 129881. One two-year-old POLAND
CHINA Boar, a fine breeder, recorded bred Id
Ohio, sired by Guy Wilkes.

Good 8 weeks' old POLAND CHINA Pigs.
J5.00 e.nch. Pedigrees furnished with all stock
sold. Inspection Invited.

WM. T. THRASHER, Sprlngwood, Va.

WOUOLANU DOMSHTM.

y'*^NE of our customers writes: "My sales of
^^ grade Dorset winter Iambs run this year:
first 87 head brought W70; then prices de-
clined somewhat. I am looking for another
good Dorset ram." Woodland Dorsets are
standard In excellence. .
J. E. 'WINO & BROS., Mechanlcaburs, Ohlow

1903.]

THE SOUTHEKN PLANTER.

727

BUILDING THE HOG HOUSE.
This subject comes up to every hog
owner and as the cost of such a build-
ing is one of the first considerations
and an item that in many cases causes
poor protection and consequently a
loss in pork to the owner. Yet the
cause and loss go on, one following the
other for, the want of a start of a first-
class house to protect against cold and
storm. A few years ago C. E. Morri-
son gave this subject much attention
and as the result he built a pen at
small expense that is as near an ideal
for all purposes as can be devised, one
that can be built cheaply and extended
from time to time at will without dis-
turbing the first part. Full designs
and plans of this model hog house will
appear in the November issue of
Blooded Stock, that great practical
swine paper edited by farmers that get
right at its subject, with sleeves rolled
up. in a common sense way. It is be-
ing advertised in the columns of this
paper and also in our clubbing list. It
is worth having and stops when the
subscription expires.

OP VALUE TO HORSEMEN.
Do you turn your horses out for the
winter? If so, we want to call your
attention to a very important matter.
Horses which have been used steadily
at work, either on the farm or road,
have quite likely had some strains
whereby lameness or enlargements
have been caused. Or perhaps new life
is needed to be infused into their legs.
Gombault's Caustic Balsam applied as
per directions, just as you are turning
the horse out. will be of great benefit;
and this is the time when it can be
used very successfully. One great ad
vantage in using this remedy is that
after it is applied it needs no care or
attention, but does its work well and
at a time when the horse is having a
rest. Of course, it can be used with
equal success while horses are in the
stable, but many people in turning
their horses out would use Caustic
Balsam if they were reminded of it,
and this article Is given as a reminder.

HEEBNER'S ENRTT AGE AND FRED
CUTTERS.
The Feed and Ensilage Cutters man-
ufactured by Heebner & Sons, Lans-
dale. Penna., are intended to avoid
much of the waste which ordinarily
results in the feeding of the corn crop
Too many overlook the feed value in
the lower stalk, which lies around on
the feed lot until sprmg and is then
gathered and burned. If the stalk be
cut and shredded there need be little
If any loss. The Heebner cutter with
Shredder attachment, are admirably
adapted to this work. Each machin
may be made a combination cutter,
crusher and shredder, putting the stalk
In the best possible condition for mas-
tication of the whole by the animal.
A power well adapted to their opera-
tion, and one without expense to pro-
cure because always present on the
farm. Is the Heebner Level Tread Pow-

4f OlID (ohfortI

Of
the

RIGHT
30RT*

At

the

RIGHT

TIME

Is what is wanted when one is seeking pleasure while driving, and this
may be secured by using a CELEBRATED LEHMAN HEATER.

They are universally recognized as the STANDARD CARRIAGE,
WAGON AND SLEIGH HEATER. K=^ 200,000 Lehman Heaters are in
actual use. They burn Lehman Coal, from which there is no smoke,
smell nor danger, and may be operated at a cost of 2 cents per day.

For sale by all carriage, harness and hardware dealers. Write us
for booklet telling more about them.

LEHMAN BROS., MPRS., J. W. ERRINGER, Gen. W. Sales Agt.,

10 Bond St., New York. 297 Wabash Avenue, Chicago, 111.

We Are Still in the Business....

"HILL TOP" stock at Shcadwell, Va.

Having changed our residence, we brought with us and have for
sale a choice lot of HILL TOP stock.

Jersey Cattle, Southdown and Shropshire Sheep,
Berkshire Hogs and B. B. R. Game Chickens.

Our Berkshire Pigs are now clo.sely sold up, but we will have a fine lotready to ship
after September We will be glad to serve our old friends and are always glad to
make new ones.

Wf have won more premiums on sheep and hogs at State and County Fairs
than all oiher breeders in Virginia combined.

H. A. S. HAMILTON & SONS, Shadwell, Va.

F
O
R

S
A

L
E

BERKSHIRE PIGS

of choice breeding, and to make them more desir-
able, they are tine individuals, properly fed; there-
fore they develop well. Write

Forest Home Farm,

Purcellville, - - Virginia.

Orders with cash filled f romChlcago 1

IT PAYS TO DEHORHm HomleL steers make better teeL

m=l?fnfe«^'.J to u.Tu th^e Keystone Dehorning Knifo

t desired Send for dicuUrs. M. T. PHILLIPS, BoX49 , POMEROY, PA.

THE SOUTHEKX PLANTER.

[November

or. These powers have been manufac-
tured by the Heebners, father and
sons, for upwards of sixty years. They
are strong and durable and well adapt-
ed to serve many uses on the farm in
addition to Ensilage cutting. The
Heebner Catalogue is a very interest-
ing book on these and other specialties
of the Heebner manufacture. Consult
the advertisement and write the firm
for It.

YOl-R MONEY BACK IF YOUR'E
NOT SATISFIED.

Do you suppose that a company, with
a capital of $.500,000.00 paid in fiill and
the proud reputation of 36 years of
continuous success, would make such
an offer and not carry it out to the let-
ter? Do you suppose we would jeop-
ardize our standing with the public
and our chances of still greater suc-
cess by failing to fulfill any promise
we make? Do you suppose we would
make such an offer if we did not have
the uJDiost confidence in the satisfying
quality of our goods? >Vp know we
can please you and save you money,
for Hayner Whiskey goes direct from
our distillery to you, carries a United
States Registered Distiller's Guaran-
tee of purity and age and saves you
the big profits of the dealers. Read
our offer elsewhere in this paper.

THE H.\YyRR DISTl'.' [\G CO.

Among feed mills now on the mar-
ket we give illustration of one whose
qualities, we think, will commend it
stronsrly to the general feeder. It is
the Triple Geared Sweep Mill manu-
factured by S. Freeman and Sons Mfg.
Company, Racine, Wis. Many readers
are familiar with the illustration from
having studied it in the advertisement
elsewhere. It is the practical kind of
mill with but few parts.

The illustration shows it as a corn
crusher and grinder. At this work its
capacity reaches 20 bushels of ground
feed per hour. But it is adiustible in
character, and does equally good work,
though of course, less rapid in fine
grinding of oats, rye wheat, etc., with
its finer set of burrs.

Smooth running and the absence of
all .ierking motion characterizes it. It
Is one individual of a most valuable
and practical line of farm appliances,
such as feed and ensilage cutters, corn
shellers. wood saws and windmills
manufactured by the above company.
It should receive the careful consid-
eration of any feeder who is about to
buy a mill.

HOG BOOK FREE

A copy of my book, "HOGOLOGY," revised
and enlarged, will be sent Free to any hog
rai.«er who mentions this paper when asking
for it. A few of the many important subjects
that are thoroughly covered in this valuable
book are: Descriptions and Illustrations of
the leading breeds of swine; swine-record as-
sociations: best location for hog-raising; se-
lecting a breed; what constitutes a good hog
for the farmer: value of a good boar; value of
a pedigree; breeding: care of the sow: rearing
fall pigs; fecundity of sows; practical foods;
the runt pig; when to market; Inbreeding,
anatomy of the hog (fully Illustrated): dis-
eases and treatment, etc.. etc.

TRADE-MARK.

I Insure Hogs and Pay for All T lat Die

When my Remedy is used as a preventive. Write for plan. This Remedy is a MEDICINE
especially for hogs, and must not be confounded with cheap "stock foods." 27 years un-
equalled success and the biggest money maker for hog raisers known.

PRICES:— 25-lb. can, J12.50; Wi-li. can, J6.50, prepaid; pkgs., $2.50, $1.25 and 50c. each.
None genuine without my signature on package or can label.

JOS. HAAS, V. S., Indianapolis, Ind.

BERK5HIRES.

Mr. H. F. .Stratton of Erin, Houston
Co.. Tenn., writes me on Aug. loth 1S03:

"The little pig just received is a beauty,
I am delighted with him — wouldn't take
twict' twenty dollars t'or him. He is thor-
oughly patrician. I expect great things
from him at thehead of my herd of Royal Berkshires."

So send to Thos. S. White for patrician pigs rather than buy plebeians for a little
less, do not be "penny wise and pound foolish," and especially in thoroughbreds.
I have had 13 sows to farrow in past few days with over 20 more nearly due, order
promptly for fall shipments, I never have enough to go round.
Short Horn (Durham Cattle) for sale. Write for particulars.

THOS. S. WHITE, Fassifern Stock Farm, Lexington, Va.

Hill Top Stock Farm.

BERKSHIRE HOGS and
SOUTHDOWN SHEEP

=A 5pecialty.=

S. Brown Allen, who succeeds H. A. S.
Hamilton & Co in the ownership and man-
agement of this celebrated Stock Farm, with increased facilities, will make a
specialty of breeding Berkshire Hogs and Southdown Sheep, withoutregard to cost,
from the purest and most royal strains of imported blood.

My BERKSHIRE! PIGS

For this Fall delivery will wei^-h 100 pounde at li weeks of age, and for INDIVID-
UAL MERIT cunnot be excelled in the United Slates. The) will make show hoge
against any and all competitors and are being engaged every day.

S. BROWN ALLEN, Staunton, Virginia, (Succes.sor to H. A. S. Hamilton & Co.)

We positively guarantee to breed
and .ship the Vi-.KY BKsT strains of
thoroughbred registered LARGE
ENGLISH BERKSHIRE
Hogs for LKSS MON EY than any other
firm in the U. S., the superiority of our
stock considered Send us your order
and we will satisfy you both in price
and stock, WALTER B. FLEMING,

Proprietor ol the Bridle Creek Stock Firm, Warrenton,

1903. J

THE SOUTHERN PLANTER.

7-^9

LIFT THE QUARANTINE.
Interesting Announcement to Farm-
ers AND Cattle Shippers.
The appended notice will be interest-
ing to farmers:

OfBce of State Veterinarian,

Blacksburg, Va.
Notice to Stockmen, Railroad Com-
panies, and Others doing Business in
the State:

The cattle quarantine through the
State of Virginia will be raised Novem-
ber 1, 1903, to remain so until January
31, 1904. Thus during the months of
November and December, 1903, and
January, 1904, cattle may be trans-
ported to and from any portion of the
State without quarantine restrictions.
And it is ordered That all stock pens
which may have been reserved for the
use of cattle from the quarantine dis-
trict, prior to November 1st, next, shall
not be used for receiving or storing
cattle from the quarantined district
which have been inspected and passed.
nor for cattle originating outside of
the quarantined district, except when
such cattle are intended for immediate
slaughter.

By order of the Board of Control.
J. G. Fernethough,
State Veterinarian.

THE STATE POULTRY SHOW.

The annual show of the Virginia
Poultry, Pigeon and Pet Stock Asso-
ciation is becoming an event of im-
portance to the breeders of fancy poul-
try and other stock, not only through-
out Virginia, but a number of ad.1oin-
Ing states. The importance of the
poultry industry is coming to front
more forcibly from year to year and
the poultry show is the educator that
Is largely responsible for its growth.
A handsome premium list has been
Issued which gives all information, and
those interested should send for It at
once as the entries close November
12th. Address the Secretary, Frank
Jenkins, 517 W. Broad street, Rich-
mond. The show will be held Thanks-
giving week, November 23-28, when re-
duced rates will be In effect on all
railroads. The Masonic Temple is un-
surpassed as a show room, all stock
will be fed and cared for and the best
judges will place the awards.

SHE GOT THE CANDY.

It was a Chicago child, not yet three
years old. who, having been punished
by her mother, called up her father on
the telephone for sympathy. "Papa,"
was the call that his stenographer
heard on answering the ring.

"Why, it's the baby," she said to her
employer. The startled man, with
visions of disaster in his mind, caught
the receiver and said, —

"What is It, baby?"

"Mamma 'panked me," came the re-
ply.

"What do you want me to do about
It?" asked the relieved and amused
parent.
■ "Come right home and bring me a
pound of candy," said the child. — No-
vemlier Lippincott'l.

ARMOUR'S BLOOD MEAL°rc'.tT

First proved by the Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station, and sinc«

corroborated by thousands of leading stockmen who have used it without

• single failure. Equally effective for the diarrhea of all animala.

PREVENTS wealc bones, paraljsis of the hind legs and "thumps"

in pigs; "big head" of foals; "riclcets" of all young animals;

abortion due to incomplete nutrition, and a host of other troubles.

A Potent Food for Work Horses, Dairy Cows, Poultry.

Write us for booklet gfiving valuable information about Blood Meal and our
other feeding products. Consult us free o£ charge regarding stock diseases.

THE ARMOUR FERTILIZER WORKS,
Chicago. Omaha. Baltimore. Atlanta. Jacksonville.

SUNNY HOME HERD OF

ABEROEEN-ANGUS CATTLE.

Baron Roseboy, 67666, by the great Gay Blackbird, dam by Eulalles E!rlc, 2d prlz*
yearling at Columbian Exposition, 1893, beads the herd. Pedigree means only the tracing
of good or bad qualities through several generations. The animals comprising this herd
are direct descendants of the greatest prize winners of the breed fdr the rast twenty-flve
years. Does this mean anything to you, who ■• ni an animal of this the GREAT-

EST BEEF BREED? If so, come and see thebest lot of calves we ever bred, or writ*.

A. L. FRENCH, Proprietor, R. F. D. 2 , Byrdvillo, V».

(Note change of P. O. address).
Depot and shipping point, Fitzgerald, N. C, on D. & W. R'y, 24 mlleB southwest of D»n-
:vllle, Va.

X

X CiSMONT DORSETS

X

X CISMONT STOCK FARM offers well developed young

•W Dorsets of the best blood of England and America.

X Prices Reasonable.

G. S. LINDENKOHL, Keswick, Albemarle Co., Va.

JERSEY CATTLE.

We have for sale, Voung Cows, Heifers and Voungr Bulls,
from cows testing i8 to »4 Ibf, of butter in se-ven days, and giving
40 to 60 lbs. of milk per day. Also —

LARGE YORKSHIRE PIGS,

The coming bacon breed. Our stock is from the most noted breeders in
England and Canada.

Write for prices. Address —

BOWMONT FARMS.

SALEM,
VIRGINIA.

FRUIT GROWERS, read the best fruit paper. SEND 10 CENTS and the names sad
addresses of 10 fruit growers to SOUTHERN FRUIT GROWER, Chattanooga, Tenn., for (
months' trial subscription. Sample Free If you mention this paper. Regular prle*. SO*.
a year. Best authority on fruit growing.

730

THE SOUTHERN PLANTER.

[November

EMILY'S CHARGE.
A Serial Tale by Mary Washington.

CIIXPTEB V.

Soon after the episode recorded in
the last chapter, the orphans set out
for their new home. Mr. and Mrs.
Wheeler gave them a hearty welcome,
and they soon arranged their furniture
and effects so as to make their cottage
home quite comfortable, and even at-
tractive, and they felt as well pleased
with it as if it had been a brown-
stone residence on Fifth avenue. The
furniture was not of a showy kind, but
consisted of carefully kept old family
pieces each with a history attached to
It. They had a few fine engravings
and portraits, and a good stock of
books which lent an air of refinement
to their home.

Emily now felt the value of the sys-
tematic habits and practical instruc-
tion she had derived from her mother.
The latter had taught her (amongst
other useful things) how to make ex-
cellent bread, which branch of knowl-
edge now proved most serviceable, en-
abling her to furnish their table with
bread at once palatable and whole-
some. They were fortunate enough
also to find a cow awaiting them, a de-
scendant of one that their Aunt Me-
lissa had kept there, long before, and
the milk and butter proved valuable
ad.iuncts to their diet. Emily assumed
the brunt of the household work, her-
self, but Alice assisted her as much as
she was able, and between them, they
kept the cottage in beautiful order.
Walter's share of the work was to j
bring the water, cut up and bring in
the wood and make up the fires. The
gardening season had opened by the
time they reached the cottage, and Mr.
Wheeler was busy at work planting
vegetables not only for home folks b\it
to market at the Springs. Emily
turned her attention at once to flower
culture, not only because she loved
flowers, but because she had under-
stood from Mr. Wheeler that there was
a good sale for them, at the Springs,
during the summer, made up in bou-
quet and boutonieres. Mr. Wheeler
brought her rich black earth from the
woods, and Emily fell diligently to
work on her flower garden, assisted by
Walter and Alice. She had brou.aht
with her a stock of sweet, old fash-
ioned flowers from her old neighbor-
hood, and to these she added a few tea
roses, a stock of geraneums and ver-
benas and of showy, brilliant annuals,
such as Drummond phlox, asters, nas-
turtiums, scarlet, sage and others
which flourished well on her rich flow-
er bed. under her careful tendance.

As "May glided onward into Juno."
the season began to open, though it
w.as not at its height till August, Emily
and the children were enlivened by
seeing the stage go daily between the
Springs and the railway station. The
garden and the orchard at the cottage
throve very well, and every day or
two, Mr. Wheeler wended his way to
the Springs with fruit or vegetables.
Towards the end of the summer, he

FAROUHAR Portable Saw Mills

' ^^Bl^g^F ■■^■■l ^ith Engine* and BoUers Complete.

lUofiU ated catalog of farm
cliinery and
implemeuts,

AJAX

Center Crank
ENGINE

with tDKlnes and BoUers Complete.

Made in seven sizes, friction feed, cable
liKlitniiig gig, patent chain set works and
improved dogs. AJAX Ct:NTEK
CRANK ENtilXES are conBtructed
with especial reference to the peculiar
work required of them. TIub com-
bination of engine and mill
makes the best sawmill
outfit on earth.

A. Q. FarquharCo., Ltd

York, Pu.

«J

Reg. HOLSTEIN-FRIESIAN

CATTLE of the Netherland, De Kol, Clothilde, Pietertje

and Artis families. Heavy milkers aud rich in butter

fal. Stock of all ages for sale.

Ree. BERKSHIRES ^'"^ noted strains. Imported Headlight, Lord
°' Highclere and Sunrise.

DORSET SHEEP =

B. PLYMOUTH ROCK CHICKENS,

N. * W. and Southern E. R.

T. O. SANDY, Burkeville, Va.

X<<Strjt3t3t:<t3t^<3t<*t:^tXX3t3t3fXX3t3U3^^

117 r npppP ^ ^<'w well-bred registered Jersey
Bull and heifer Calves at $30 each.
They are four months old and from best strains of this
breed ; also a few young Berkshire boars large enough
for service at $15 each, aud pigs eight weeks old at $6
each — by pair or trio, not akin.

M. B. ROWE & CO., - Fredericksburg, Va

we««j»3cje»e««je«t>:je««>.'«««««>>:*:jc>:>c«^

POLAND

CHINAS.

I have a limited number of pigs by
my fine boars Gray's Big Chief, 57077; OKAY's BIG CHIEF. 57077.

and Victor G, 57075, and can furnish pairs not aljin or related to those previonsly
purchased. Young boars and sows of all ages Send to headquarters and get the
l)esttrom the oldest and largest herd of Poland-Chinas in this State at one-half
Western prices. Address J. B. GRAY, Fredericksburg, Va.

THE OAKS

Has for sale, the grand Shorthorn bull, "Rock Hill Abbotts-
burn" 155113, a grandson of Mary Abbottsburn 7tb ; also a nice
lot of Calves, Bulls and Heifers; 2 Reg. Morgan Colts a.t a
bargain B. B. BUCHANAN, Bedford City, Va.

1903.]

THE SOUTHERN PLANTER.

731

carried some dandy little bouquets of
scarlet sage or geraneum, tastefully
blended with other flowers. The
peaches, pears and grapes coming into
market by about this time also sold
very readily, so while Mr. Wheeler's
modest marketing did not bring in any
marvellous influx of money either to
himself or the orphans, still it was
enough to supply them simple and
moderate wants for several months,
and moreover he raised enough vege-
tables to supply the table of both fam-
ilies, besides.

Whilst busy with her flowers and
household cares, Emily did not for-
get the important duty of instructing
Walter and Alice. She was well fitted
to teach, not only from having had
good advantages of education herself,
but because she had a gift for convey-
ing information to children, and stim-
ulating their minds. In addition to
the formal routine of school, she took
great pains in forming and directing
the literary taste of her brother and
sister, the more so as she looked chief-
ly to literature to supply- any defi
ciency that might exist in their school
training. She used often to quote a
remark of her mother's, that whoever
loved nature and literature could never
be utterly lonely, as they would always
have two delightful and cheering com
panions. They fortuunately had a very
choice collection of books, saved from
the wrecks of their fortune, and
Emily unpacked these, she recalled a
cheering passage from Channing's
noble essay on "Self Culture." to the
effect that no one need consider his
roof a poor one when it holds beneath
its shelter such kingly guests as Mil-
ton, Shakespeare and other great
writers.

In the autumn her promised school
was given her, and the Trustees, with
kindly consideration, located it near
the cottage. Emily, of course, had oc-
casional difficulties to contend with in
the shape of stupid, unruly or obsti-
nate pupils, but take it all in all, her
school was very satisfactory, and she
worked in it gladly, both because she
loved the work itself, and because it
enabled her to support those whom
she loved; so though she "led laborious
days," they were cheerful ones. She
carried on her work with zest and
vitality, and infused some of the same
spirit into her pupils. She had no ar-
bitrary rules for them; only a few
simple and reasonable ones, on a com-
pliance with which she insisted.

She gave her pupils a great deal of
oral instruction, thereby makin
things much more clear and compre-
hensible to them. In short, she fig-
ured out for herself a sort of kinder-
garten system. She tried the same
plan she had found so advanta.geous to
Walter and Alice. She read aloud
daily to her scholars, making judicious
selections, and reading with an ani-
mation and expressiveness that gave
life and clearness to the reading.

Sometimes she could not help feel-
ing a little anxious about Walter's and

.HEREFORD CATTLE.

tjervice Bulls; Imported 5alisbury 76059 (19083), a grand- 1
sou f the f;imou.s Grove od 2490, aud a descendant of the)
world renowned Lord Wilton 4057 from the 4th generation.

Snowball, the dam "f Salisbury, is now in the herd of His
Majesty King Edward VII.

Lars, Jr., is by La's of Western fame and his dam is Judy out of a Sir Kichard
•-'nd cow This makes a great combination of the Grove 3d, Lord Wilton, Anxiety.
Peerless Wilton and Sir Kichard 2nd strains. No better breeding in the world today,

FOK SALK — Yearling bulls by above sires WANTED— Reg Hereford heifers, 18
to 24 months old, not bred; will exchange bulls for heifers of equal quality.

Extremely low price.s to close out this bunch; only a ftw left.

Write vour needs or call and make your own selection.

MURRAY BOOCOCK, Owner, Keswick, Alb. Coja. S^<5SarlXsVMiS:^.?A:

Bacon Hall Farm.

Hereford REGiSTEREoGattle

"TOP" BREEDING, CALVES NOT AKIN.
MOTTO Satisfaction or no sale.

E. M. QILLET & SON, = Glencoe, Haryland.

, , , , , ^ , , I , , ,i , , n mi T . II II 1 I 11 I. » ii V ^' T m I t I 1 I 1 1 t 1 1. i IL i. 1 i g

VIRGINIA HEREFORDS.

Herd headed by the Champion

PRINCE RUPERT, 79539.

Correspondence Solicited. Inspection Invited.

EDWARD G. BUTLER,

Annefield Farms. BRIGGS, Clarke Co, Va.

PRINCE RUPERT. 79,539

ROSEMONT HEREFORDS.

-^^^^/a'm^'us acrobat 68460,

Assisted by Marquis of Salisbury 16th 138891, the best

son of Imp irted Salisbury. Correspondence

S'llicited. Visitors welcome

C. E. CLAPP. Berryville, Clarke Co., Va.

^cnTO^■\ sa'VBn,

POLAND=CHINAS.

Choice Pigs, Boars aud bred Sows of best
breeding and individuality.

Shorthora Bull and Heifer Calves.

Write for prices and testimonials.
Cboice stock at farmer's prices.
J. F. DURRETTE, BIrdwood, Alb. Co., Va.

When corresponding with onr advertisers always mention the
Bouthem Planter.

733-

THE SOUTHERN PLANTER.

[November

Alice's education when they should be
a few years older. She did not feel so
much disturbed about Alice as about
Walter, however. She had seen so
many girls acquire something of learn-
ing, at boarding schools, and superfi-
cial accorapMshraents which they
dropped in a few years, that she felt
no desire for Alice to do likewise. Alice
showed no turn either for music or
drawing, which lessened Emily's re-
gret at her mobility to have her in-
structed in these branches. She might
have tau.ght her music, herself, but for
lack of an instrument, but as it was,
she resolved to teach her thoroughly
and carefully in all the other branches
In which she herself was versed, not
neglectin.g needle work and bread
making, two branches which like the
famous "low voice" of Cordelia, are
"excellent things in a woman." She
aimed also to make Alice a thorough
student of the English language, for
amid the multifarious branches taught
nowadays, the structure of ones own
language is not studied as closely as
it should be. nor are its vast and no-
ble resources sufficiently mastered.

Abo\it Walter, she could not make
her mind quite so easy. She could not
shut her eyes to the fact that in a
few years, he would need another
teacher than herself, in some branches
but she tried to take short views of
life, and to dismiss this anxiety, trust-
ing that an opening would be made
for him, when his need arose.

The orphans found winter in the
mountains more severe than they had
been accustomed to, but good Mr.
Wheeler was careful to supply them
well with fire wood, so they suffered
b>it little from the rigor of the
weather.

When Christmas came, their festiv-
ities consisted chiefly in decorating
the cottage profusely with evergreens,
interspersed with red berries, and the
waxy white berries of the mistletoe
which Walter scaled the top of a gi-
gantic oak to obtain.

For a year or two after this, these
annals scarcely afford anything suffi-
ciently eventful to retail to our readers.
Their life went on in much the same
routine as we have already described.
Year by year, the little cottage grew
more comfortable and homelike, and
the flower garden, larger and more
flourishing. By dint of economy and
ingenuity, they gradually introduced
more and more conveniences and re-
finements into their little home. Every
thing In it had a history, a memory, a
sentiment attached to it, for it was
partly filled with old family furniture
and pictures, and partly with things
that had been gifts, or had been pro-
vided by their own efforts or Ingenu-
ity The book shelves, for Instance,
were Walter's work, he having a con-
siderable mechanical turn, and his
wits having been sharpened moreover,
by their having no place to keep the
books. On the mantel piece was a pair
of little vases he had given Emily one
Christmas, bought with a little fund

NOW IS THE TIME to buy HOLSTEINS from the Ury Farm Herd.

Ury Alwlna Count Paul De Kol; De Kol 2nd Butter Boy 3rd No. 2, and Lord Harford De Kol head
our herd. You know their oificlal backing. There Is nothing better. 15 bull calves at bargain
prices. Their dams are of the De Kol, Aaggle, Netherland, Pietertje and Clotblde strains and are of
'he producing kind. The best bulls are sold young; also a few cows and heifers. Choice ENGLISH
BERKSHIRE pigs of the best strains. Before buying, correspond with or visit

THOS. FASSITT & SONS, Sylmar, Md.

.... REGISTERED ....

Pigs from -4 to 6 months old Boars ready for service, and
young sows with pigs. Prices Reasonable. Apply to ... .

GRAVES, Barboursville, Va.

ABERDEEN ANGUS DULLS

FOR SALE,.
"Every Bull a Show Bull."

The choicest lot of young bulls in Southwest Vir-
ginia, all out of prize winning families at low prices.
Oo you want a bargain? If so, come and see us, or
Address W. P. ALLEN, I'rop of Glen Allen Stock
Farm, Walnut Hill, Va.

;:: 2,000,000 ELBERTA PEACH TREES t.t

We ofler 2,000,000 Eiberta June Buds, besides a large stock of Belle of Georgia,
Mamie Koss, Carmen, Greeneboro, etc. Big assortment of 2-year Pear and Cherry,
and small fruit plants. Write for Catalogue.

CHATTANOOGA NURSERIES, Chattanooga, Tenn.

Rkfebbn'ces : Hamilton Trust & Saviugs Bank; N. Dietzen & Bro., Chattanooga;
Dunn's Mercantile Agency; Southern Planter.

Do You Ship Apples?

If so, let us call your attention to the California and Oregon apple
boxes, the coming packages for nice apples, particularly for foreign
shipments. SOUTHSIDE M'F'G. CO., Petersburg, Va.

For The Whole World! S

5a w Mills

Big Ones and Little Ones !

All sizes Irom 4..H. P. Farmers' Mill tbat cuts 3,000 leel'a'diy, op to the bluest that's made.
OVER 10,000 DELOACH PATENT SAW MILLS IN USE.

Our Large Catalog
No. 66

will interest you. It illus-
trates and tells all about the
^ ^^a^^^^BB^^^ A^uj^ ^ famous DeLoach Patent Va-

2 ^^^^Hs^^^^B JH^?^ . Hw riable Friction Feed Saw

^ ^^'■^'~' ^ ^■r r -^-=aJB«^ nills. Shingle Mills, Plauers,

Edgers, Trimmers, Stave and
Lath Mills, Bolters, Cord
Wood and Drag Saws, Corn
and BuhrMilLs, Water Wheels,
Mill Gearing, Pulleys, Shaft-
ing, Etc.

Please mention the .Sodtheric
Planter when writing ns.
We will appreciate It.

,Ga NlWYOIkBlQrcD.IUI

The Largest Saw Mill Manufacturing Plant In the World.

1903.]

THE SOUTHERN PLANTER.

733

UNTIL YOU HAVE INVESTIGATED

the: master workman"

A two-cylinrier gasoline engine : superior to all one-cylinder engines. Costs less to buy nud less to run. Quicker and easier started. Has a wider
sphere of usefulness. Has no vibration; can be mounted -on any light wagon as a portable, w elgbb less than balj^of_^one-_cyHndej_engines. Give siz«
of engine required. .^Izes IH, 2, aj-i, 4, r,, 6, S, 10 and 15 horse power
and irnb Sts.. (JHirAtiO.

DON'T BUY GASOLINE ENGINES

Mention this paper. Send for catalogue. THE TEMPLE PUMP CO., Meagher

be had obtained by selling chestnuts,
and his sister prized them more than
if they had been of the finest Sevres
China. Some pleasant association was
linked with every article in their sim-
ple household, and thus their little pos-
sessions gave them more satisfaction
than is felt by a wealthy person who
has only to own his furniture and
adornments from trades people.
(To be continued.)

GOOD HOUSEKEEPING.
^^■.\F^LES.
Take two pints of flour and one of
meal and sift them together, add a
heaping teaspoon of salt and three
well beaten eggs and enough butter-
milk to 'make a thin batter (an old
cook's rule was to have them as thick
as strained honey) dissolve a teaspoon
of soda in a little warm water and add
It to the mixture. Make the waffle
irons very hot and cook the waffles
quickly, serve at once.

SALLY LUNN.

Two Qiiarts of flour, one quart of
milk and a cup of yeast, and five eggs
nearly a cup of butter and lard mixed.
a tablespoon of sugar and a teaspoon
of salt. Beat all these well together
and set it in a warm place to rise.
After dinner beat it down well and put
it into a greased cake pan and let it
rise again. Cook as you do lightbread
and serve very hot.

ENGLISH HOE CAKES.

Two quarts of flour and three eggs.
half cup of butter or butter and lard
mixed, a cup of yeast. Mix up with
new milk into a dough as stiff as bis
cuit dough and let it rise all night. In
the morning roll out the dough about
three quarters of an inch thick and
cut into squares with a sharp knife.
Let them rise and lust before you need
them fry on a very hot griddle, or bake
in a very hot oven for fifteen minutes.
These are not good after they begin to
get cool, so thev should be served as
quickly as possible.

.STjrOTHERED CHIC^-CEN.

Always try to have the chickens
killed the dav before you use them. It
is best to have a large frying sized
chicken for smothering. Split them
down the back and fold the wings and
legs under. lay them in a pan of
slightly salt water awhile before cook-
ing. When ready to cook put them in
a pan, rub them well with butter.
sprinkle salt and pepper over them and
put two or three slices of bacon in the
pan. Ptit about a quart of water to
two chickens and set them inside the
stove. Let them cook slowly, and
baste frequently. When done take out
and make a gravy with the water in

This cut is not the
machme but sim-
ply shows the
ner of fastening
the steel rope to
the stump. We
cannot tell you
all about it
here. Our cat-
aloirue shows
Full Line of
Stump

PULLS

Yellow Pine Stumps
or Trees.

Our new 2-Horse

«=«& Hawkeye

is built for that pur-
pose and does it
rapidly and cheap-
ly. A machine that

will puil yellow pine
stumps will pull al-
most any thing^ else. It
is being used by many
planters and most of
the leadinc R. R. and
levee contractore. It
has 3 times the power
^_ of ourmachinesforor-
~^^^ dinaryworl: and pulls
S a<^-rcs at a getting.

Milne Mfg. Co.,

834 Eighth St.,
Monmouthy III.

TheHESSLER

ROUND, STRONG, DURABLE

No Flip-Flap Contrivances.

You can scrape the mail out with your ^g»^

mittens on. PRICE

A square box is bothersome. $1.00. ^3

Our box is the best and cheapest, fully up to me goverumeut s requirements.

X)ISC;OTT3:TT IIT DOZEiT XjOTS.

H. E. HESSLER CO., Dept. Z., Syracuse, New York.

VIRGINIA DIVISION.

Farmers Mutual Benefit Association

A Fire Insurance Association, chartered by the State of Virginia, for
farmers, under an amended and well protected plan.

Insures in counties surrounding and accessible to Richmond, against Fire
and Lightning, only country property — no stores or unsafe risks. Policy-holdere
amply secured — all legitimate losses paid. Average cost per year less than other
plans, and a great saving to farmers. Amount of property now Insured. $330,000,
and increasing yearly. Estimated securiey in real and other estate, $750,000.

For further information, address, CHAS. N. FRIEND, General Agent,

MENTION THIS .JOURNAL. CHESTER, VIRGINIA.

734

THE SOUTHERN PLANTER.

[November

tbe pan by adding a well beaten egi;
and two or three spoons of browned
flour creamed with a large tablespoon
of butter. Pour it around the chicken
and garnish the dish with parsley.
Serve hot.

CHEAP FIU'IT C.VKE.

This is not only a cheap fruit cake.
but one of the best I know of and wiil
prove perfectly satisfactory except
where the real black cake is desired.

Three heaping cups of flour. Two
cups of sugar. Two cups of butter. Six
eges beaten separately and very light
Half pound of raisins. Half pound of
currants. Quarter of a pound of cit-
ron. One teaspoon of cinnamon, one of
nutmeg and one of cloves. One glass
of brandy. Cream the butter and sugar
together, then add the yolks of the
eggs, and then stir in the fruit which
is floured, and lastly sift in the flour.
bake slowly in a loaf or in small pans.

#

TH.VNKSr.IVINC APPLE PIE.

Pare the apples and stew them with
very little water until they can be put
through a collander. Sweeten them
and season with cloves and allspice.
Make a rich pastry dough and line
your pie plate with it, put the apples
in and sprinkle a layer of seeded rai
sins over them, then put on a top crust
and bake. Sprinkle the tops with
powdered sugar and serve either hot
or cold.

SWEET POTATO PIE. '

One quart of potatoes mashed ami j
put throu.eh a collander. one cup of
butter, six eg.^s. beaten separately,
four cups of sugar, two cups of rich (
milk, one small glass of brandv or
whiskev, vanilla, nutmeg and cinna-
mon. Save the whites till tho last then
stir them in. Bake in a rich paste and
serve cold.

THE BEST SPOXOE CAKE.

One pound of sugar. Ten e.cgs.
Three quarters of a pound of flour, the
Juice and rind of one lemon. Beat the
whites and yolks separately and then
mix the yolks and the sugar slowly
beating hard all the time, to these add
the flour and the whites alternately
just folding them in without beating.
Lastly add the lemon and bake very
quickly in a loaf.

CINCER CAKE.

Two pounds of flour, one of butter
and lard mixed. (I sometimes use
altogether lard.) One pound of sugar,
light brown is best, one pint of molas-
ses, three ounces of ground ginger, one
teaspoon of cinnamon, and one tea-
spoon of soda. Roll and cut Into
shapes. Caraven.

'^

Your money back

If you are not satisfied

DO YOU SUPPOSE that a company with a capital of 8500,000.00, paid In full, and the
proud reputation ot 36 years of continuous success, would make such an oSer and not carry
It out to the letter?

DO YOU SUPPOSE we would jeopardize our standing with the public and our chances ;•
Of still greater success by failint; to fulfil any promise we make ?

DO YOU SUPPOSE we would make such an offer if we did not have the utmost confi-
dence in the satisfying quality of our goods ? ;

WE KNOW we can please you and save you money, for HAYNER WHISKEY goes
direct from our distillery to vou, with all its orierinal richness and flavor, carrying a UNITED .'
STATES REGISTERED DISTILLER'S GUARANTEE ot PURITY and AGE and saving I
you the big profits of the dealers. That's why it's best for medicinal purposes. That's why
It's preferred tor other uses. That's why we are regularly supplying over a quarter of a
million satisfied customers. That's why YOU should try it

Direct from our distillery to YOU

Sav«s Dealers' Profits I Prevents Adulteration ! "^"^

HAYNER WHISREY

PURE SEVEN-YEAR-OLD RYE

4 FULL $0:20 EXPRESS
QUARTS O PREPAID

We will send you FOUR FULL QUARTS of HA'YNER'S SEVEN-YEAR-
OLD RYE for 83.20, and we will pay the express charges. When you receive
the whiskey, try it and If you don't find it all right and as good as you ever
drank or can buy from any body else at any price, then send it back at our
expense and your S3. 20 will be returned to you by next mail. How could
an oiler be fairer? We take all the risk and stand all the expense, if
the goods do not please you. Won't you let us send you a trial order? We
ship in a plain sealed case: no marks to show what's inside.

Orders for Ariz., Cal., C!ol., Idaho, Mont., Nev.. N. Mex.. Ore.. Utah, Wash,
or Wto., must be on the basis of 4 Onarts for »4.00 by Express
Fiepaid or »0 (^aarts (or S16.00 by Freisbt Prepaid.

Write our nearest office and do it NOW.

THE HAYNER DISTILLING COMPANY

ATlANTAi GA. DAYTON, OHIO ST. LOUIS, Mft ST. PAUL, MINN.

1S6 Distuxxbt. Tbot. O. Estabushxd 1866.

MERCHANTrNATiONAt BANK

OF RICHMOND, VIRGINIA.
Capital Stock, ... $200,000.00

Surplus and Profits, - - $672,445.75

Designated Depo.sitory of the United States, City of Richmond and Commonwealth

of Virginia.

Being the Largest Depository for Banks between Baltimore and New Orleans, this

Bank offers superior facilities for direct and quick collections.

JNO. P. BRANCH.

Presl^lent

JNO. K. BRANCH,

Vice-President.

JOHNF.GLKSN,

Cashier.

1903.]

THE SOUTHERN PLANTER

735

..Thanksgiving Supplies..

AI J. S.

INC.

1724 E. MAIN ST., (Cor. 18th,) RICHMOND, VA.

We furnish everything to eat for man and beast, at the lowest pos-
sible prices. Send us a trial order. Satisfaction guaranteed.
Prices subject to market fluctuations. Order now.
Remember, we are Wholesale and Retail Qro=
cers, Feed and Liquor Dealers. .* / .* .' .*

Levering Coffee 10

Granulated Sugar, per lb i'i

Light Brown Sugar, per lb il

Daisy Coffee, per lb 10

Arbuckle's Coffee, per lb 11

Best Green Tea. per lb 75

Choice Green Tea, per lb 60

Best Black Tea, per lb 50

Good Green Tea, per lb 40 & 50

Good Black Tea, per lb 40

Mixed Tea, per lb 30. 40 & 50

Fair Black Tea, per lb 25

Best Rice, per lb 8

Good Rice, per lb 5

Pure Leaf Lard, per lb 10

Good Lard, per lb., 9c.; 3 lbs 25

Cooked Sliced Ham, per lb 12J

Good Salt Pork, per lb 7

Choice Salt Pork, per lb 9

Best Salt Pork, per lb 11

Best Potted Ham and Tongue.

per can 4

Chipped Beef, one-half lb 10

New N. C. Cut Herrings, dozen

lOc; or bbl 4 25

New N. C. Roe Herrings, dozen.

18c.; or bbl., $5.; or I bbl 2 75

Our Pride of Richmond Flour, per

bbl 4 75

Our Daisy Flour, per bbl 4 25

Our Excelsior Flour, per bbl 4 00

Fresh Soda Crackers, per lb 5

Ginger Snaps, per lb 5

New Mixed Nuts, per lb 12i

CocoanutB, Be; or, per 100 .3 50

Fresh Mixed Cakes, per lb 8

6 bars Colgate's Octagon Soap 25

7 bars Octagon Shape Soap, 10 oz. 25

10 bars Moon Soap. R oz 25

12 bars Hustler Soap, 8 oz. cakes. 25

Lenox Soap. 7 bars 25

Small California Hams, per lb.... 9

Good Salmon, per can, 9c.; 3 cans. 25

Large Mackerel, each 10

Large Can Good Tomatoes 8

Large Can Best Tomatoes 9

2-lb. can Best Tomatoes, can 6

Large Juicy Lemons, dozen 15

Green Coffee, per lb., 9c.; 3 lbs... 25

Qt. Mason Jars of Light Syrup. . . 10

i gal. can Light Syrup 20

1 gal. can Light Syrup 40

I bbl. Clipped Herrin.gs 2 75

200 lbs. Sack SaU 85

100 lbs. Sack Salt 45

Best Pull Cream Cheese, per lb. .. 16

Swiss Cheese, per lb 20

Lump Starch, per lb 4

Evaporated Peaches, per lb 9

Prunes. 7 lbs 25

Malta Vita, box 12

Can Com, 4 cans 25

New Currants, 1 lb. pkge.. 12c.: 8

oz. pk.ge 8

Beans, bushel. $2.75; per qt 9

Buckwheat, per lb., 5c.; C lbs.... 25

Seeded Raisins. 1-lb pkge 9

Mother's Oats, pkge 9

Quaker Oats, pkge 10

Elgin Butter, per lb 25

Country Butter, per lb 22

Irish Potatoes, bushel 85

Best Water Ground Meal, per pi; . . 20

Best Water Ground Meal. bush... 70
Best Ship Stuff, per 100, $1.20; per

ton 23 00

Best Bran or Brown Stuff, per 100.1 10

Best Mixed Oats, per bush 48

Best No. 1 Timothy Hay, per ton. 17 00

Porto Rico Molasses, per gal 35

New Orleans Molases, per gal.... 50

Good Dark Molasses, per gal 20

Maple Syrup, I pint 10

3 plugs of any kind of 10c. tobacco

for 23c.: such as Peach, Plum,

Sun Cured. Grape, Reynold's,

and other brands.

CHOICE WINES AND LIQUORS.

Moore's Crown, fine, per gal $3 00

Moore's Excelsior, fine, per gal.. 2 00
Moore's Keystone, 3 years old.

per gal 2 50

Pure Virginia Apple Brandy, per

gal 3 00

Maryland Apple Brandy, per gal. 2 25

Best Gin. per gal 2 50

Good Gin. per gal 2 00

Best N. C. Corn Whiskey, per gal. 2 00

Blackberry Wine, per gal 45

McDermott's Malt Whiskey, per

bottle 80

Wilson Whiskey, per bottle 1 00

Jas. E. Pepper Whiskey, bottle. . 1 00
O'Grady's Malt Whiskey, per hot. 80

73^

THE SOUTHERN PLANTER.

[November

BARBED WIRE:

^-Point Galvanized, 300 Pound Lots, 2| Cents.

ASHTON STARKE, Richmond, Virginia.

For Immediate Orders.

The Review of Reviews is keeping
up its reputation as the best interpre-
ter of the news of the day among our
monthly journals. The November
number deals with the postal investi-
gation, the fall elections, the recent ex-
posures of "high finance" in trust or-
ganization, the Panama Canal situa-
tion, the award of the Alaska boun-
dary tribunal, the protectionist move-
ment In England, and the issue in the
Far East between Russia and Japan.
Contributed articles describe "Men
and Issues of the New York City Cam-
paign," just closing; "The Nation's
Print Shop and Its Methods" — includ-
ing a review of the famous "Miller
case" and its outcome and the whole
question of the status of labor unions
In the Government Printing Office;
"The Fort Riley Maneuvers," which
began on October 15th; "The New
Springfield Rifle and the Improvement
In Small Arms"; "Galveston's Great
Sea Wall"; and "The Rebirth of the
Japanese Language and Literature" —
a history of the movement for the
adoption of the Roman character in
writing and printing, in place of the
Chinese systems of picture-writing.
Dr. George F. Kunz writes an authori-
tative account of the discovery of ra-
dium, and the uses and properties of
that wonderful element. In this num-
ber also appears the defense of Rus-
sia's policy in Finland, which was ad-
dressed last month by Minister de
Plehve to Mr. W. T. Snead. Alto-
gether a typically "live" number.

ON THE INSTALMENT PLAN.

Mrs. Browne. — "Oh, what lovely wed-
ding presents! Such beautiful silver-
ware and such rare china! Wasn't it
nice to get such presents?"

Mrs. Greene. — "Yes, it was; but we
are now beginning to pay for them on
the Instalment plan."

Mrs. Browne.— "Pay for them? On
the Instalment plan? Why, Mrs.
Greene, what do you mean?"

Mrs. Greene. — "Why. the young peo-
ple who gave us wedding presents are
getting married, and we have to seiv
them wedding presents." — November
Lippincott'a.

THIRD ANNUAL SHOW

—OF THE—

Virginia Poultry, Pigeon, and Pet Stock Association,

RICHMOND, VA., November 23-28, 1903,

IN MASONIC TE-MPLE.

Classitication eralirac^s Poultry, Dogs, Pigeons, and all ki'id.s of Pet Stock. Lib-
eral Cash Prizes. Guarantee fuu.l insures prompt payment of premiums.
PREMIUM LIST NOW READY.
GKO. EWAI.U of Cincinnati, Jud>;e of Picreon and Pet Stock.
GKO. O. 1!K0\VX of Baltimore, Judge of Poultry.
Entries Close Nov. 12. For Premium List, address

FRANK JENKINS. Secretary, 517 W. Bread St., Richitiond, Va.

FARM LABOR

Pumps, Windmills,
Rams. Tanks. . .•

SYDNOR PUMP
& WELL CO.,

ilNCORPOKATEDi.

Box 949. Richmond, Va.

U and L'J
HORSE-POWER.

is SO bard to get nowa-
davs that every farmer
appreciates the neces-
sity of using labor sav-
ing devices, such as
Gasoline, Pumping and
Wood-sawing Engines.

•. Scotch Collies ..

A litter of Ave pedigreed pups, from
driving parents, sable and tri-coloied.

Also BUFF PLYMOUTH ROCK
CHICKENS. Farm raised. No other
breed. T. M. WADE,

Lexington. Va.

• COLLIE PUPS •

By Imported Sires. Sable and white and trl
colors. Prices. S-S to $15. Older ones correspond
ingly low- Book on Training. .SO cents : Kkee li
you buy a Collie. MAPLEMONT STOiK FARM
.Albany. Vermont

A neat Binder for your back num-
bers can be had for 25 cents. AddreM
our Business Office.

"Crop Growing
and Crop Feeding."

By Prof. W. f. massey.

383 Pp. Cloth. $1.00; Paper, 60c.

We offer this splendid work in connac-
tlon with the SOUTHERN PLANTER
at the following price*:

Southern Planter and Cloth

Bound Volume, $1.2B.
Southern Planter and Paper

Bound Volume, 90e.
Old or new *abscrlpUoas.

1903.]

THE SOUTHERN PLANTER.

737

A. C. SINTON. President,

R. R. GWATHMEY. Vice-President.
^ J$ ^ Ji Jt

J. 1. SUTTON, Secretary,

ESTABLISHED 1840.

The watt PLOW CO.,

15th & Franklin and 14lh & Main Sts., Riclimond, Va.

Agricultural Implements,
IVIachinery, Vehicles and
Harness. ^ ^ ^ ^

INCORPORATED 1893.

PEERLESS ENGINE.

HOCKING VALLEY FEED CUTTER.

DAIN CORN CUTTER.

STAR SWEEP MILL.

SECTIONS OF WIRE FENCE.

A full stock always on hand, and
prompt shipments guaranteed. South
Bend, Dixie and Farmer's Friend
Plows and repairs. The Hancock Ro-
tary Disc Plow, warranted to go In
the ground where all others fall.

Hocking Valley Feed Cutters, Cy-
clone Shredders, Smalley Feed Cutters,
Dain Corn Cutters. Equal to any made.
Staver Buckeye Feed Mill and Horse
Power Combined. Star Sweep Mill.
Either grinds corn on cob or shelled.

Whitman All-Steel, full circle Hay
Presses. George Ertel Company's full
circle Hay Presses. Rapid Fire Horse
Power Hay Press, for one horse, a good
cheap press. Will put up from 150 to
200 bales a day. The well known Mm
nich Brand Baling Presses.

Hocking Valley Wine and Cider
Mills. Hard wood rollers. The best
mill made.

Hocking Valley Corn Shellers, for
hand or power. Smalley Electric Pole
and Wood Saws, for steam or horse
power. Peerless Engines and Saw
Mills always in stock. Several good
second-hand Engines and other second-
hand machinery for sale. "Pittsburgh
Perfect" fencing, electrically welded
See cuts showing weld. Barb Wire,
Plain Galvanized Wire, Baling Wire
and Bale Ties. Continental Disc Har
rows, Buffalo and Lean Spike Harrows

The celebrated Columbus, Ohio, Bug-
gies, Carriages, Runabouts, and Traps,

Farm Wagons and Delivery Wagons,
a complete stock.

Correspondence solicited.

SPIKE HARROW.

i

738

THE SOUTHERN PLANTER.

[November

The fallowing list of papers and periodical!
are the most popular ones In this section
We can SAVE YOU MONEY on whatever
Journal you wish.

DAILIES.

Price. With
Alone. Planter

TImes-Dlspatch, Richmond, Va $5 00 J5 0(

The Popt, Washington, D. C 6 DO 6 00

The Sun, Baltimore. Md 3 00 3 40

News-Leader, Richmond, Va 3 00 S 00

TRI-WEEKLT.

The World (thrlce-a-week), N. Y.... 1 00 1 25

WEEKLIES.

Harper's Weekly 4 00 4 00

Harper's Bazaar 1 00 1 40

Montgomery Advertiser 100 100

Nashville American 50 76

The Baltimore Sun 1 00 1 36

Breeder's Gazette 2 00 1 76

Hoards Dairyman 1 00 1 36

Country Gentleman 160 175

Religious Herald, Richmond, Va 2 00 2 25

TImes-Dlspatch, Richmond. Va 1 00 1 2.'i

Christian Advocate, " " 1 60 1 76

Central Presbyterian, " " 2 00 J M

Horseman 3 00 3 00

MONTHLIES.

Wool Markets and Sheep 50 76

Dairy and Creamery 60 75

Commercial Poultry 60 75

•*JI three 1 60 1 15

North American Review 600 600

The Century Magazine 4 00 4 26

St. Nicholas Magazine 3 00 3 26

Llpplncott's Magazine 2 60 2 50

Harper's Magazine 4 00 4 00

Forum Magazine 3 00 3 26

Scrlbner's Magazine 3 00 3 26

Frank Leslies Magazine 1 00 1 35

Cosmopolitan Magazine 100 135

Everybody's Magazine 100 136

Munsey Magazine 100 135

Strand Magazine 1 26 1 65

McClure's Magazine 100 135

Argosy Magazine 100 1 S6

Review of Reviews 2 60 2 76

Blooded Stock 50 60

Successful Farming 1 00 75

Southern Fruit Grower 60 85

Where you desire to subscribe to two or
more of the publications named, you can ar-
rive at the net subscription price by deduct-
ing 60 cents from "our price with the
PLANTER." If you desire to subscribe to
aay other publications not listed here, write
us and we will cheerfully quote clubbing or
■et subscription rates.

Subscribers whose time does not expire
until later can take advantage of our club
rates, and have their subscription advanced
•ns year from date of expiration of their
subscription to either the PLANTER or any
•f the other publications mentioned.

Don't hesitate to write us for any Informa-
tUn desired; we will cheerfully answer any
MrrespeadeBce.

We furnish NO SAMPKE COPIES of other
p«sl»iHi all

Seed House of the South.

CLOVER,

JAPAN
BUR

CLOVER,
CLOVER,

BUCKWHEAT,
OATS and
CANE SEED.

''Whatsoever One Soweth, That Shall He Reap."

We sell strictly reliable FIELD AND GARDEN SEEDS of every
variety at Lowest Market rates, included in which are

RAGLAND'S PEDIGREE TOBACCO SEEDS.

m ^ £f WE ALSO SELL

Our Own Brands of Fertilizers

For Tobacco, Corn, Wheat, Potatoes, &c.

Pure Raw-Bone Meal, Nova Scotia and Virginia Plaster and
Fertilizing Materials generally.

Parties wishing to purchase will find it to their interest to price our goods.
Samples sent by mail when desired.

1016 Main Street,
LYNCHBURG, VA.

Wm. A. Miller & Son, ^

t Headquarters for

Nursery Stock.

WHOLESALE

AND

RETAIL.

T" We make a specialty of handhng dealers' orders.

«|» ALL STOCK TRUE TO NAME.

«|» Apples,

«|» Pears,

«|» Peach,

4* Plum,

*§» Apricots,

^ CALIFORNIA PRIVET, lor Hedging.

^ . . AGENTS WANTED. . .

^ FRANKLIN DAVIS NURSERY CO., Baltimore, Md. ^

Nectarines,

Pecans,

Ornamental and

Cherry,

Chestnuts,

Shade Trees,

Quinces,

Walnuts,

Evergreens,

Almonds,

Small Fruits,

Roses, Etc

WRITE FOR CATALOGUE.

1903.]

THE SOUTHERN PLANTER.

739

WHY USE DANGEROUS BARB WIRE

„ . . . . . . 55 INCH. „

WHEN AN

AHRAGTIVE WOVEN
WIRE FENCE

CAN BE BOUGHT AT EVEN
LESS COST?

THE AMERICAN FIELD FENCING is made in many h i^hts .nd sUles for
turning the smallest to the largest animal. Write for special catalogue and prices.

The Ohio Feed and Ensil-
age Cutters. Built for Strength and j C

Rapid Cutting. Famished with either cutler &Jk^>
or shredder head, or both, and with bloner
or elevator when desired. Special catalogue
mailed free.

IDEAL FEED MILLS AND POWER combined grinds all kinds of shell
grain as well as corn and cob. THE POWER attachment is very valuable for
RUNNING WOOD SAWS AND OTHER MACHINERY.

IDEAL DUPLEX FEED MILLS for steam power are very strong and
grind rapidly.

Triple Geared Feed Mill and Power Combined.

No. 19. l-horse ungeared feed mill, grinds com
and cob and shell grain. Price, $16.00.
THE FOWLER DISC PLOW will not choke in thick, rank No. 20. 2-horse ungeared feed mill, grinds corn

weeds or briars. Cuts a furrow 12 inches deep and 14 inches and cob and shell grain. Price, $19.00.
■wide with much less draft than any other plow. Only re- Special catalogues on application,

quires two ordinary horses.

BUGGIES, CARRIAGES, HARNESS, ROBES. WAGONS, CORN SHELLERS, WOOD SAWS, THE FULLEST
STOCK OF AGRICULTURAL IMPI,EMENTS.

THE IMPLEMENT CO., 1302 and 1304 E. Main St., Richmond, Va.

740

THE SOUTHEHX PLANTER.

[November

Out Door Grown Roses

Plant out in November and December while they are in a domant
condition for best results.

Our outdoor grown roses are larger, stronger, hardier and better rooted plants, and trive better and give much
better results in every way than the plants started and grown In greenhouses as usually sold.

OUR LIST INCLUDES THE BEST VARIETIES IN CULTIVATION. PRICE, 2oC. EACH, $2.50 PER DOZEN.

HYBRID PERPETUAL ROSES.
These make a larger growth, larger flowers, and bloom
more profusely than the Tea or Monthly Roses, but do not
bloom so continuously throughout the year. While they
are in bloom, however, they make a more showy and mag-
nificent display, and the Individual flowers are larger and
handsomer.

GEN. JACQUEMINOT. Crimson; fine. Makes very attrac-
tive flowers, both in color and form.
PAUL NERON. Large flowers; pink; finely scented; one

of the very best.
ALF. COLOMB. Cherry red; splendid.
MAGNA CHARTA. Beautiful dark pink; bushes literally

covered with roses.
COQUETTE DES ALPES. Pure white; free bloomer.

Makes beautiful cut flowers.
MARGARET DICKSON. Fine, pure waxy white. Pro-
nounced one of the finest white roses in cultivation.
ANNA DE DIESBACH. Brilliant carmine; fine fiowers.
VICTOR VERDIER. Rosy carmine; large flowers.
PRINCE CAMELLE DE ROHAN. Deep rich velvety crim-
son. One of the best dark crimson roses.
CAROLINE TESTOUT. An exquisite free blooming pink

rose.
ULRICH BRUNNER. Color rich glowing crimson, ele-
gantly flamed with scarlet, flowers fijl and globular,
popular everywhere.

BOURBON AND CHINA ROSES.
Very desirable tree blooming hardy roses.
HERMOSA. Deep pink; very profuse bloomer.
AGGRIPINA. Brilliant red. showy and sweet.

EVERBI.OOMING TEA OR MONTHT-Y ROSES.
The Tea Roses bloom continuously throughout the year,
and make beautiful buds and cut flowers, but do not make
as large a mass of blooms at one time as the Hybrid Per-
petual, nor do they make as vigorous a growth of bush.
ETIOLE DE LYON. Rich golden yellow, very desirable.
SAFRANO. Orange yellow, tinted with rose.
CATHERINE MERMET. Beautiful pink; a splendid rose.
WHITE MAMAN COCHET. ( Finest outdoor tea roses;
PINK MAMAN COCHET. i -beautiful buds and flowers.

These two Maman Cochet Roses should be in every col-
lection.

Address all orders to— —^i^

CHAMPION OF THE WORLD. Classed as one of the
greatest everblooming roses in cultivation; color deep
rich rosy pink; hardy and of vigorous growth.

KAISERIN AUGUSTA VICTORIA. White; fine buds and
flowers.

THE BRIDE. Lovely pure white.

CLOTHILDE SOUPERT. Color ivory white, shaded with
rose; beautiful and remarkably free bloomer.

BRIDESMAID. Color fine clear dark pink; fine buds.

LA FRANCE. Light silvery pink, delicious fragrance.

METEOR. Rich velvety crimson; makes fine cut flowers.

PAPA GONTIER. Color rich crimson; very fragrant and
beautiful; makes large buds and flowers.

ROBERT E. LEE. Color rich orange yellow; has long buds
borne on long stems; very attractive.

PRINCESS BONNIE. One of the finest dark colored Tea
Roses; color solid crimson; a great favorite.

IMADAME IvAMBARD. A fine Southern bedding rose;
large flowers and free and constant bloomer; color beau-
tiful shade of rosy bronze, shaded with carmine.

IVORY. A pure white rose, which is in high favor to grow
for cut flowers.

GRUSS AN TEPLITZ. A fine bedding rose, remarkably
profuse bloomer, color rich scarlet; fine foliage, and a
very attractive variety.

CLIMBING ROSES.

REINE MARIE HENRIETTE. Cherry red; a beautiful
rose, and gives the very best satisfaction in the South.

CLIMBING METEOR. Produces deep rich velvety red
fiowers, free bloomer, and a fine climbing rose.

OLORIE DE DIJON. Color rich creamy white; not en-
tirely hardy.

WHITE RAMBLER. Beautiful white climber; free foliage.

CRIMSON RAMBLER. Bears clusters of crimson flowers.

YELLOW RAMBLE:R. Earlier than the crimson; splendid.

PINK RAMBLER. Vigorous growing; fine foliage.

HELENE. Bears magnificent clusters of violet crimson
flowers, larger than Crimson Rambler.

DOROTHY PERKINS. A beautiful new climbing rose.

JERSEY BEAXTTY. The well-known type of Memorial
Rose, fine foliage, of creeping or trailing habit, has
large, yellow flowers, produced in clusters.
Price of all varieties, 25c. each ; $2.50 per dozen.

HOLLYBROOK FARM,

Richmond, Va.

1903.]

THE SOUTHERN PLANTER.

741

Not all for the dollar:

ASHTON STARKE

THE LARGEST AND FINEST LINE OF HARROWS TO BE HAD.

Something for reputation.

RICHMOND,
. VIRGINIA.

BICnrORD and HUFFMAN WHEAT DRILLS

Feed Cutters and Ensilage Cutters.

FROM THE LARGEST POWER CUTTER TO THE SMALLEST HAND CUTTER.

RICHMOND ENGINE AND PUMP COMPANY

More of our Gasoline Engines made and sold than any three
of the largest factories in the country.

THE SIMPLEST,
THE STRONGEST,
THE BEST,
THE HOST

POWERFUL.
NO OTHER ENGINE
COnPARES WITH IT.

ENDORSED BY THE
NATIONAL BOARD
OF FIRE INSURANCE
UNDFR-WRITERS
AFTER 194 TESTS.

PUMPS FOR HAND AND POWER. HYDRAULIC RAMS TANKS AND TOWERS.

The Duplex Grinding Feed Mills, a specialty.

742

THE SOUTHERN PLANTER.

[November

75 HEAD

..GOOD GRADE CATTLE.

FOE feALE. Will average 1,000 lbs or
more. Well suited for export another
year. A. D REYNOLDS, Bristol, Tenn

1,000,000 Cabbage Plants at $1.50 Per M.

EARLY JERSEY WAKEFIELD,
CHARLESTON, SUCCESSION and
"FOTTLKK'S IMPROVED BRUNS-
WICK."

BO.OOO Dahlia and Canna Bulbs.
MARK T. THOMPSON, Rio Vista. Va.

Mention the Southern Planter when
corresponding with advertisers.

A neat Binder for your back num-
bers can be had for 25 cents. Address
lOur Business Office.

AN INTERNAL DIFFICULTY.

Little Archie Richards, at the close
of the Thanksgiving dinner, sat at the
table with his face suffused with tears.
His mother was greatly troubled. With
a sweet smile and with gentle intona-
tion she put one arm around her little
baby boy and asked, —

"Wh^t is it mamma's little darling
wants?"

But "mamma's little darling" con-
tinued to cry.

Mamma made another effort to find
out the trouble.

"Does mamma's baby boy want some
more cake?" she asked.

"No'm',' said the child, while the
tears continued to flow.

"Does he want some more pie?" she
further inquired.

"No'm." he further replied.

"We'll," said the mother, making a
last effort to reach his case, "tell mam-
ma what baby wants."

The little boy managed somehow to
say between sobs, "I wants some of
this out I've got in."-

I The RICHMOND, FREDERICKSBURG

and POTOMAC R. R.
and WASHINGTON SOUTHERN R'Y

Form the Link connecting the
Atlantic Coast Line R. R.,
Baltimore and Ohio R. R.,
Cliesapeake and Ohio R'y,
Pennsylvania R. R.,
Seaboard Air Line R'y
and Southern R'y.

Between all points, via Richmond, Va.

Fast Mall, Pasaeneer and Express Route b«-
tweeD Richmond, Fredericksburg, Alezaa-
drla, Washington, Baltimore, Philadelphia,
New York, Boston, Pittsburg, Buffalo and AU
Points North, East and West.

W. P. TAYLOR, Traffic Manager.Richmond, Va.

Established by
GEO. WATT, 1840.

... IMPLEMENTS & MACHINERY ...

MANFRED CALL,
Gen't Manager.

DISC DRILLS. (ALL Sizes.) TUE NEW MOLINE. WOOD AND .STEEL ROLLERS.

PIjOWS AND PLOW REPAIRS of all kinds. We make plows for all purposes and sell them on their merits.

FEED AND ENSILAGE CUTTERS. CORN SHELLERS, ENGINES, SAW MILLS, CORN AND COB MILLS,
ETC.. ETC.
We solicit inquires for anything desired. Write for circulars.

B«t°„nS,rn*rnrc""' RICHMOND. VA. THE CALL-WATT CO.

1903.]

THE SOUTHEKN PLANTER.

743

COURSES IN AGRICULTURR AT
THE UNIVERSITY OF TEN-
NESSEE.

Practical Courses of Instruction in the
Art and Science of Agriculture for
Southern Farmers. Ten Weelfs' Win-
ter Course, January 4 to March 15,
1904.
One and two years' practical courses

of ten weeks each are offered in the

following subjects:

1. Agriculture and Chemistry: Soil
culture, farm crops, fertilizers and
cereal judging.

2. Animal Husbandry: Breeding,
feeding and judging live stock.

3. Dairy Husbandry; Butter and
cheese making, milk testing, and dairy
machinery.

4. Horticulture and Botany: Prun-
ing, gardening, orcharding, spraying
and plant diseases.

5. Veterinary Science: Anatomy and
physiology, hygiene and treatment of
diseases.

6. Mechanic Arts: Wood and iron
working and farm buildings.

HEARD IN GERMANY.

A German lady of recent widowhood
encountered much difficulty in fram-
ing an inscription for her dead hus-
band's tombstone. After endless con-
sultations with her friends and neigh-
bors this was the one she selected:

"Rest in peace — until we meet
again." — Novemler Lippincott's.

The Chesapeake & Ohio Railway

Extending from Cincinnati and Louisville, and
THROUGH ITS CONNECTIONS....

THE BIG FOUR SYSTEM, from Chicago, St. Louis, Peoria, Indianapolis,

Sandusky and Cleveland ;
THE OHIO CENTRAL LINES, from Toledo and Columbus;
THE CINCINNATI, HAMILTON & DAYTON, from Detroit, Toledo, Lima
and Dayton —

FORMS THE MOST DIRECT ^"?.'r."hn*uVl:.r* ROUTE.

To STAUNTON, LVNCHBVRG, CHARLOTTESVILLE,
RICHMOND, PETERSBURG, NORFOLK,

And Principal Virginia Points.

H. W. FULLER, Qen. Pass. Agt. C. & 0. Ry., Washington, D. C.

When corresponding with our advertisers always mention th«
Bouthei-^ Planter.

WAQ0N5 and BUGGIES

MADE

RIGHT HERE

AT HOME

BY

The BARBOUR BUGGY CO.,
The HUGHES BUGGY CO.,
The VIRGINIA WAGON CO.

These vehicles are guaranteed to be as good as can be bought elsewhere; material and
workmanship unsurpassed; all sizes and styles, prices low. We can save you time,
money and freight by purchasing our vehicles. Send for our illustrated catalogues.
Drop in our warehouse and inspect our stock. Inquiries cheerfully answered.

AGENTS FOR DEERING MACHINES.

RICHMOND BUQQY & WAGON CO., 1433 E. Main Street, RICHMOND, VA.

J. T- DUNN, Manager.

All of Virginia.

744

THE SOUTHERN PLANTER.

[November

MISSOXJRI STATE HORTICULTU-
RAL SOCIETY.

The Missouri State Horticultural So-
ciety's 46th annual meeting will be
held at Columbia, Missouri, Decem-
ber 8-9-10. 1903, and promises to be the
greatest meeting the Society has ever
held.

The dedication of the new Horticul-
tural Building will be a feature of the
meeting, and an opportunity will be
given to all to see some of the work
of the Department of Horticulture and
Experiment Station.

The program is now being prepared,
and if you have any suggestions to
make please do so at once.

We are expecting many of our best
■workers and some of our best teachers
to help on the program, some of them
from the Eastern States.

L. A. Goodman, ^Secretary.
Kansas City.

tation of being somewhat pompous at
times. He knocked at the door, which,
after a long delay, was opened by an
attendant.

"You can't come In," he was in-
formed. "It's not visiting hours."

"That makes no difference. I shall
Inspect this Institution just the same."

"Indeed, but you'll not."

"Come, come, my good man, I'm the
lord chancellor," Herschell expostu-
lated.

"Oh, that's all right," answered the
functionary, "we've four of you In-
side already." — Success.

Mention the Southern Planter when
corresponding with adyertlsera.

THERE WERE ENOUGH INSIDE.
In England, the lord chancellor, by
virtue of his office, has a right to in-
spect all public asylums and hospitals.
One day, while the late Lord Herschell
was paying a visit at the house of a
friend near Norwich, he went for an
afternoon stroll, and, happening to
pass by the great insane asylum at
that place, the thought struck him
that this was a good time to perform
an official duty. Incidentally, it may
be said that Herschell bore the repu-

j< THE ^

SEABOARD

AIR LINE RAILWAY

OFFERS

PROFITABLE

INVESTMENTS

TO— 4 »>»

WHERE YOUR LABOR

THE MANUFACTURER,
THE STOCK RAISER,
THE DAIRYMAN,
THE FRUIT GROWER,
THE TRUCKER.

IS NOT IN VAIN.

Would a country where work can be carried on the entire year and where
large profits can be realized Interest you?

The SEABOARD Air Line Railway traverses six Southern States and a
region of this character. One two cent stamp will bring handsome Illustrated
literature descriptive of the section.

J. B. WHITE, EDW. W. COST, CHARLES B. RYAN,

Gen. Industrial Agi., Portsmouth, Va. Traffic Mgr. Gen. Pass. Agt,, Portsmouth, Va

Pedigrees traced and tabulated. Catalogues compiled and
circulars prepared. Special attention given registration
matters pertaining to thoroughbred and trotting horses.
. . . BT . . .

w. J. CARTER (Broad Rock),

P.O. Box 929 RICHMOND, VA.

Representing the ....

The Times-Dispatch, Richmond, Va.
Southern Planter, Richmond, Va.
Sports of the Times, New York.
Rider and Driver, New York.
Kentucky Stock Farm, Lexington, Ky.
Breeder and Sportsman, San Francisco, Cal.

REFERENCES:— Mr. A. B. Gwathmey, Cotton Exchange,
New York; Mr. W. N. Wilmer, of Wilmer & Canfield, Law-
yers, 49 Wall St., New York; Col. K. M. Murchison, Banker,
Wilmington, N. C; Mr. L. Banks Holt, Proprietor Oneida
Cotton Mills and Alamance Farm, Graham, N. C; Maj. P. P.
Johnson, President National Trotting Association, Lexing-
ton, Ky.; Capt. R. J. Hancock, EUerslie Stud Farm, Char-
lottesville, Va.; Sam'l Walton, Walton Farm, Falls Mills,
Va.; R. J. Reynolds, President R. J. Reynolds Tobacco Co.,
Winston, N. C.; Hon. Henry Fairfax, Aldie, Va.

AINSLIE CARRIAGE CO.,

Nos. 8, 10 and 12 Tenth St., RICHMOND, VA.

Building Carriages to order Is our special business. Re-
pairing and Repainting done, and best material used. A
full line of all the latest styles. Orders for all classes of
Vehicles solicited. Write for prices.

AQNEL, 38033.

Bay stallion, foaled 1900; sired by Guardsman 19355, re-
cord 2:23J; dam the great brood mare Zeta, dam of Miss
Duke, 2:13, etc.. by Red Wilkes.

AGNEL has fine size and is a grand looking young horse,
he is richly bred and has the action of a trotter.

Fee $15.00 the season.

BEN. W. SOUTHERLAND, Mt. Olive, N. C.
WHALEBONE, 7872.

Sired by Abdallah Wilkes, son of George Wilkes, 2:22,
dam Maggie O., by Abdallah, 15, sire of Goldsmith Maid,
2:14; second dam Viley Filly, by Pilot, Jr., sire of dam of
Maud S. 2:083.

Note. — Whalebone is a richly colored bay horse of fine
size, handsome and well formed. His disposition is perfect.
He has sired Visitor, 2:26J, and other winners.

FEE, $15, with usual return privilege.

W. C. McMACKIN, Raleigh, N. C.

=FOR SALE^=

Thoroughbred Stallion
ED. KEARNEY,

Chestnut horse, 16.0i hands high, weight 1,150 pounds. By
Tom Ochiltree; dam Medusa, by Sensation (see Amer. Stud
Book).

ED. KEARNEY was a fine race horse, and won a number
of races both In the East and In California. He is a grand
looker, and no horse sires finer colts from all classes of
mares. Address

ROBERT TAIT, Commercial Place, Norfolk, Va,

The Southern Planter.

DEVOTED TO

PRACTICAL AND PROGRESSIVE AGRICULTURE, HORTICULTURE,
TRUCKING, LIVE STOCK AND THE FIRESIDE.

Agriculture is tlie nursing mother of tlie Arts.—XENOPHON.
Tillage and pasturage are the two breasts of the State. =-SULLY.

64th Year.

Richmond, December, 1903.

No. 12.

Farm Management.

WORK FOR THE MONTH.

Aiiotlier year has rolled round to its closing month,
and the ingathering of the props, the result of a year's
toil and anxious care, has heen practically completed.
The year has been in regard to the weather an abnor-
mal one, and the effect is largely seen in the crop re-
turns. Excessive rainj? throughout nearly the whole
South were the characteristic of the spring and early
summer months, and had it not been for the tine, open
and drv fall which we have had the crop returns
would have undoubtedly been most disastrous. The
seeding and planting of all ci-ops was delayed, and
when got in they were too often jilanted in badly fitted
seed l)eds, and the working of them was rendered
practically impossible upon the river and creek low
lands. Wheat, which promised iinelv in the early
spring, was practically rendered a complete failure
by the heavy rains at the blooming period. The
pollen was washed from the ears, and as a result of
imperfect fertilization of the blooms the ears were
inly very partially filled and the grain was light and
•^rasliv. The average yield of wheat in Virginia is
placed by the Department of Agriculture at 8 bushels
to the acre. In I^orth Carolina, at 5 bushels ; in
South Carolina, at fi bushels : in Tennessee, at 7
bushels, and in Maryland, at 12 bushels. Winter
and spring oats were also very unsatisfactory crojys.
The corn crop, however, made some amends for the
disapjiointment in these crops, as it is on the whole a
good one, probablv on the high lands one of the best
ever raised in the South, and, on the whole, compares
very favorably with the croj) in the rest of the country.
The average yield for Virginia, as estimated by the

Department of Agriculture, is placed at 21 bushels
per acre against a 10 years average of 10 bushels.
In N'orth Carolina the estimated yield is 14 biishels
per acre, against a 10 years' average of 13 bushels.
In South Carolina the yield is estimated at 10 bush-
els per acre, against a 10 years' average of 9 bushels. •
In Maryland the yield is estimated at 28 bushels per
acre, as against a 10 years' average of 29 bushels.
In Tennessee the yield is estimated at 2.3 bushels per
acre, as against a 10 years' average of 21 bushels.
The tobacco crop of Virginia is estimated by the De-
partment at 74-5 pounds per acre, as against a 10
vears' average of 640 pounds. In JSTorth Carolina
the crop is estimated at 627 pounds to the acre, as
against a 10 years' average of .'».35 pounds. In South
Carolina the crop is estimated at 610 pounds to the
acre, as against a 4 years' average of 711 pounds. In
^Maryland the crop is estimated at 650 pounds to tJje
acre, as against a 10 years' average of 63.3 pounds.
In Tennessee the crop is estimated at 700 pounds to
the acre, as against a 10 years' average of 642 poTinds.
The Irish potato crop is above the average, whilst the
sweet potato cro]) is also above the average in all the
coast States. The hay crop in all the coast States is
above the average, the yield per acre feeing even in
excess of all the Northera and N"ew England States,
and comparing very favorablv with that of all the
]\riddle States, indeed being in excess of several of
the best of these. The cotton crop, whilst not yet
fully ascertained, is expected to be about an average
in the coast States, with a price for it away above the
average. Indeed, this crop alone for lint and sei^d is
expected to bring more than $500,000,000 into the

746

THE SOUTHERN PLANTER.

[December

Southern States. The market value of all the crop.s
is well maintained, with the exception of tobacco, and
whilst the market for this crop opened very flatly,
there is already indication that better prices are in
prospect. Even with the opening low prices growers
should bear in mind that these compare favorably
with figures at which the crop was selling a few years
ago, and are relatively only low as compared with
those of the closing sales of the year before last and
the opening sales of last year. We have had planters
in our office who have already sold this year at prices
ranging from fi to 10 cents for dark shipping. The
season has been a most propitious one for the produc-
tion of forage crops of all kinds, and there is an abun-
dance of feed for all live stock for the winter, whilst
the fine, open fall has kept grazing on the pastures
good up to the present writing. No doubt the cost of
production of all crops has been higher this year on
account of labor scarcity, but we conclude that on the
whole Southern farmers may look with satisfaction
on the result of their labors, certainly with more sat-
isfaction than can farmers in many of the Northern
and Western States. We are beginning in the South
to see the results attained by the adoption of a system
of "farming" rather than "planting" in the substitu-
tion of a system of rotation of crops in which the
legumes and other forage crops are brought more
frequently into the course, and in which deeper plow-
ing and better cultivation is being practiced. We
have been urging these changes for many years, and
feel a sense of satisfaction in seeing the results of our
labors bearing fruit. We have always been confident
that we were advising the right course to bring pros-
perity to Southern farmers and increased and perma-
nent fertility to the lands of the South, and each year
only emphasizes the truth of this and makes us more
determined to continue urging rotation of crops, deep
plowing and repeated and more perfect cultivation.
These and not so much a reliance on purchased fer-
tilizers, coupled with attention to the breeding and
keeping of lire stock sufficient on every farm to con-
sume all the rough products and forage crops and
much of the grain are the true sources from which
prosperity must come, and the farmers themselves
are now realizing these truths more than ever in the
past. We have the climate, we only need to supple-
ment it with a sound system of rotation and justice to
the land in the way of breaking and working it to
ensure ouccess in production and a better system of
utilization of the crops on the farm when produced
to ensure profit in the ultimate results.

It is too late in the year now to sow any crop exce]it

Canoda peas and oats, and this crop ought only to be
sown in December in the Tidewater and central plain
of the coast States. Elsewhere in the South it should
be sown in January, February and March, according
as the section rises in altitude from the sea. In mid-
dle and Tidewater Virginia we have kno^vn Canada
peas and oats to maake an excellent yield of forage
and grain seeded in December. Much, however, de-
pends on the character of the seed bed. If this be dry
and finely worked and a good cover be given to the
peas, they will take no harm, even if the weather be-
comes severe. Canada peas and oats are essentially
a cold climate crop, and to be grown siiccessfully in
the South want to be got in the ground sufficiently
early to make and complete their growth before the
hot weather strikes them, otherwise the crop will not
be worth the raising. As a green forage crop for
hogs, and as a hay crop, it is very valuable as it comes
in at a time when feed is usually getting scarce. The
peas at the rate of li or 2 bushels to the acre should
be planted deep with the drill or be plowed down so
as to give them a cover of 4 or .^ inches. The oats, at
the rate of J or 1 bushel to the acre, should then be
sown on the top and be harrowed in. The crop will
be ready for grazing by April, and shoiild be cut for
hav in Mav.

So long as the weather keeps open and the land dry
enough to plow the teams should be kept at work
breaking all land intended to be cropped next year.
In doing this work see that the plow is kept as deep
in the ground as a strong team can pull it. and that
some portion of the subsoil is turned up in addition
to the old worked soil. This subsoil contains an abun-
dance of natural plant food, and only requires to
be subjected to the influence of the atmosphere long
enough to make this available. When turned up in
the spring there is not time for this action to be exer-
cised long enough for advantage to be secured, now
it can be turned up with safety and ultimate profit.
Wherever possible, in addition to the deep tiirned
furrow have the hard subsoil broken with a subsoil
plow follo^ving the turning plow in each furrow. In
this way this subsoil becomes permeable by the at-
mosphere and capable of holding the rainfall for the
sulisequent use of the crops and this rainfall will dis-
solve the plant food therein, which will be taken up
by the roots of the crop, which will easily penetrate
the loosened soil. Plants of all kinds are solely de-
]iendent for their growth on the food in the soil which
is held in solution by water. They cannot utilize
any of this food in a solid form, hence the import-
ance of conserving the moisture in the soil. In our

1903.]

THE SOUTHEEN PLAISTTER.

747

last month's issue we pointed out in discussing a re-
cent bulletin of the Department of Agriculture, that
as a result of the investigation of the Department, it
had been found that all soils capable of cultivation
contained nearly the same amount of plant food capa-
ble of being dissolved by the soil water, and that this
quantity was amply sufficient for the production of
maximum crops for years to come if made available.
The only means of securing this availability is to
make the soil capable of holding sufficient moisture to
dissolve the plant food, and this can only be done by
deep and perfect cultivation and the filling of the soil
with humus, which acts like a sponge in holding the
moisture. Xow is the time to break the soil and sub-
soil, and then the hiimus making crops and manure
can be added later. We know that many Southern
farmers and some agric\iltural authorities doubt the
advisability of fall and winter plowing in the South,
unless the land can also at the same time be seeded
with a winter growing crop. They contend that as we
have not usually much severe frost to disintegrate the
soil, that little benefit is derived from breaking the
surface, and that the winter and spring rains will so
pack the land as to make necessary replowing in the
spring. We cannot agree with this view. ^Vhilst we
would plow and seed with winter growing crops as
long as possible, yet we would not cease to plow when
compelled to cease seeding. Even should the soil be-
come somewhat packed, it will certaiiQly break much
more easily either with the plow or the disc or spading
harrow in the spring than if left unplowed in the fall,
and it will certainly have secured a much better sup-
ply of water in the subsoil than can possibly be the
case if only plowed in the spring, and this water will
have dissolved more of the inert plant food and ren-
dered the same available. One of the great weak
points of Southern farming has been, and is, the lack
of plowing and finely breaking the soil sufficiently.
We plow too many acres and do not plow the individ-
ual acres sufficiently. A reversal of this system will
result in much greater profit and no more work. Es-
pecially would we advise deep plowing and subsoiling
now on lands washed and gullied, as we too often find
them. This washing and gullying can only be stopped
and the land be made profitable again by deep plow-
ing and subsoiling. The soil washes away because the
rainfall cannot get down into the subsoil. Open lhis
and make of it a reservoir to hold the rain, and the
washing will cease and the land will produce good
crops when once some humus has been got into the
soil. After these gtillied fields have been plowed and
subsoiled. spread any kind of vegetable trash or
strawT manure on the surface, and when the soil is

dry enough work it in and then in February or March
sow 2 bushels of oats to the acre, and let this growth
be lightly grazed or be mowed before the oats head,
and the cutting be left as a mulch on the ground.
In June turn the growth under and sow cow peas 1
bushel to the acre. Turn these dovm in August and
sow 12 pounds of crimson clover seed and a bushel of
oats, rye and wheat mixed in equal parts, to the acre.
^\^2en this crop comes ofF in the following year either
by grazing or cutting, the galls and gullies will be
ended and the land can be cultivated in staple crops
or be seeded to grass.

The work of planting the staple crops in the spring
can be greatly helped by utilizing the winter months
in getting the manure and fertilizer into the land.
Barn yard manure can never be put to a better use or
be better conserved than to use it as a top dressing on
winter growing crops or by appl^ang it in winter to
the land to be put into crop in the spring. Get the
manure out of the barns, stables and pens as made,
whenever the land is fit to haul on. The leachings
will then find their way into the soil, where they will
be utilized by the crops and not into the creek or
river. The solid matter will decompose and rot as
well on the land as in the barnyard, though not quite
so fast. All the phosphatic and potassic fertilizers,
and some of the nitrogenous ones like tankage, can
with safety be applied in the winter. The phos-
phatic and potassic fertilizers require considerable
time to become assimilated and dissolved in the soil
before crops caTi derive benefit from them, and there
need be no fear of their being lost by leaching. Tank-
age, cotton seed, and all other organic nitrogenous
fertilizers also require time to rot before they can
be utilized, but they should not be applied too long
before the crop is planted or some of their value may
be lost, titrate of soda, the most active nitrogenous
fertilizer, ought, however, never to be applied before
the crop has commenced to grow, as it is as soluble as
salt, and the nitrogen is immediately available, and
may be quickly lost if there be no crop growing to
Titilize it. In these various ways the fine, open win-
ters which we experience here ought to be fullv util-
ized, and thus we can be ready to plant our crops as
soon as ever the weather is suitable. If we do not
thus utilize the winter months we fail to do our duty,
and miffht as well be living in the cold, hard frozen
:\^orth.

The work of cleaning up new land and old fields
that have not been imder cultivation and are again
intended to be cropped, should be attended to. When-

748

THE SOUTHERN PLAXTER.

[December

ever wurk of this character is undertaken, let what
is done be done thoroughly. Do not leave stumps
and rocks in or on the land, but remove them out of
the field. Small stumps can be easily pulletl out and
larger ones should be blown out with dynamite. Left
in the ground they only form breeding places for
weeds, briers and fungoid diseases, and are the con-
st-ant source of broken tools and implements and in-
jured horses and mnles. Rocks should be gathered
off and hauled on the roads of the farm or the adjoin-
ing highways, where they can be profitably utilized
in making and repairiiig good, hard, dry. permanent
roads. Let all old fences be straightened and re-
paired, and the necessary new ones be built. Where
good old rails are still found in the old fences these
can be utilized in the building of new ones and a miich
greater length of fence be built by combining them
with. wire. Set the posts at a proper distance to util-
ize these old rails and then fasten them to the posts
by stapling a length of wire to the bottom of the post
and carrying it up the post on the one side and down
on the other side, making loops at the proper distance
apart to hold the ends of the rails in place and
stapling the wire to the post above and below each
rail. In this way a five or six rail fence can be bnilt
for a long distance with the rails taken out of an old
worm fence.

Ditches should be opened out and cleaned, and
drains be put in whei'e needed. Wlien any draining
is to be done see that before starting the work a good
plan is jirepared and levels be properly taken so that
no mistake be made in so placing the drains as to se-
cure sufiicient fall for all drains and a good open
nutlet for the main drain. Do not fail to piit the
drains do-wn deep into the land. At least 3 feet
should be the depth from the surface. The water
which does the harm to the land is not that lying on
the surface, but the water in tiie siibsoil, which is
stagnant and prevents the surface water from getting
down. Drain off this stas^nant undergi'ound water,
and that which falls on the surface or finds its way
there will soon get do^vn and away out of the land.
Fill the drains with the soil and clay taken out. and
not with loose stones or rubbish. The tighter they
are filled the better they will draw the water out of the
-ubsoil, which is what is needed, and the longer they
will continue to be effective. We have packed tile
drains tightly with clay from the tile up to the sur-
face and found them to he thoroughly effective for
twenty years afterwards. Tn draining a piece of
hilly land, let the drains run directly down the hill
fnd not across or in a diagonal direction. AVlien run

straight down the hill the drain draws water from
both sides, whilst a drain run across or diagonally
will only drain water from the upper side.

Have the ice pond cleaned out and cut oft' all sources
of impure water flowing into it. The freezing of
water does not purify it as many think, and the abso-
lute necessity for using only pure ice is so great in the
way of health that no risk should be run of impound-
ing imjjure water. The ice house should also be
thoroughly cleaned out and be put into good repair.
Tn our last issue and in this one will be found arti-
cles dealing with the building of ice bouses.

Have all implements and tools not in use gathered
together and put under cover. Clean them thor-
oughly, and gi'ease the bright metal parts, and on wet
days repair and paint them. A few dollars spent in
paint will make tools and implement.s last years
longer. The loss sustained by farmers from the care-
less way in which their tools and implements are cared
for amounts to millions every year, and in itself
amounts to a considerable profit on the working of a
farm.

See that jilenty of seasoned wood is store<l in the
\vof>(\ shed, and do not subject the women of the house-
liold to the annoyance of having to use wet fuel to
cook the meals and keep the home warm.

Have an abundance of feed stored convenient for
the stock, so that if short handed at Christmas and
Xew Year, which is very often the case, the stock will
not have to suffer.

Don't send all the best of the farm ju-oducts to the
(^hristmas and Xew Year markets, but keep an abun-
dant supply for home use, so that all the family and
visitors may be able to enjov a merry Christmas.
"Tts a poor heart that never rejoices," and no one has
a greater right to enjoy the good things of life than
the fanner who ]>roduces the most of them.

That the Xew Year may l>e a happy and ]irosperous
one for all our readers is our heart-folt wish and
prayer.

ROTATION OF CROPS.

The subject of the jn-oj^er rotiition of cro]is on a
farm is one that up to the ]iresent has received com-
paratively little attention in this country, and practi-
callv none in the South. With the vast areas of un-

1903.]

THE SOUTHEKN PLANTER.

749

occvipied land in the cmmtry and the large quantity of
nncnltivated land common on the gi-eat plantations
of the South, the subject has not pressed for attention.
When Uncle Sam could give every farmer a new farm
when the old one ceased to return good crops men
thought it of no concern to them to learn how to make
the old farm permanently profitable, and were con-
tent to call their farm a profitable one so long as they
could secure from it a good living for themselves and
something over and took no stock in the idea that it
was a duty they owed to posterity to maintain fer-
tility. They held strongly to the Irishman's theory
that posterity had done nothing for them, and therer
fore they need not concern themselves about posterity.
And yet this conception of a profitable farm is a radi-
cally wrong one. A truly j^rofitable farm is one
which not only provides a good living and something
over for the present owner, but also maintains and
adds to its fertility for the benefit of those who come
after. How few Southern farms answer to this
requirement I Now that Uncle Sam has given away
all the good farms, and many of his poor ones also,
the subject presses for consideration. In the South
the question has up to the present been answered by
turning oiit the old cultivated land and taking in and
clearing up some of the new land, or in more recent
years by tuniing again to that part of the plantation
which had been turned out years ago. and upon which
nature has been exercising her beneficent work in re-
cuperating the soil slowly by adding each year to the
soil the decaving matter of the natural vegetation,
and the pines have been pumping up from the subsoil
and making available the mineral plant food natu-
rally existing in the soil. The spread of the system
of breaking up the old large jilantations into small
farms to meet the requirements of an increasing popu-
lation and the incoming of settlers from the North
and West and the Northwest is gradually lessening
the opporUinities. for thus meeting the difficulty of
lessened fertility in the old cultivated lands, and
forcing the consideration of rotation of crops as a
remedy for the evil of one crop production, and con-
sequently sterility of the soil. The example of Eng-
land and the result of the investigations of the Bureau
of Soils shows conclusively that these so-called ex-
hausted old farms are not yet devoid of fertility.
Hundreds of years of cultivation of the laud in Eng-
land has not yet deprived its lands of the capacity to
produce even greater crops than the virgin soil of this
land, and this because for a' great part of that time,
certainly for the last hundred years, a system of rota-
tion of crops has been positively required by the o^vn-
ers of the lands as a condition of their occupancy.

The recent investigations of the Bureau of Soils prove
conclusively that all soils capable of cultivation, whe-
ther they have been manured or fertilized or not, con-
tain about the same proportions of plant food soluble
in the natural soil moisture, and that in all cases there
is of this plant food an abundance for the needs of
crops for years to come. The problem, then, is how
to secure this and to make farming profitable without
having to seek new lands in a country where every
day these are getting scarcer. In seeking to solve
this problem the Bureau of Soils has come to the con-
clusion that the most potent factors are more perfect
and deeper cultivation of the soil, so as to permit of
the holding of more soil moisture, and a judi-
cious rotation of crops. They support these
conclusions by numerous examples of exactly
similar soil producing in one section good crops and
in another poor ones solely as the result in the
one case of better plowing and cultivation and in the
other of following out the old system of barely break-
ing the surface. As an illustration of the value of
rotation they cite the case of the Rothampst«ad wheat
experiments in England, where, on one field which
has grown wheat continuously without manure or fer-
tilizer for fifty years, (he yield has been reduced one-
half, and where in another and adjoining field wheat
has been gTOwn, also without manure or fertilizer, in
rotation with other crops only once in four years, and
the yield has continued practically the same over the
whole jieriod. What has been done can be done, and
is being done, in some few places here. Where one
or two crops only are gi-own they are continuously
making a call upon the land for the same elements of
fertility, and thus exhausting these and unbalancing
the fertility of the soil. A balanced plant food ration
is as essential as a balanced stock food ration, in se-
curing profitable crops, and profitable feeding.
Again, the character of the one or two crops groAvn is
usually such that they are robbers and not recui)era-
tors of the soil. They use up the humus in the soil,
and thus render it hard and incapable of holding
moisture, and they do not secure for it any of the
nitrogen so essential for fertility, and which is found
in unlimited quantity in the atmosphere. The lack
of a system of rotation is also injurious to crop pro-
duction in that it conduces to the spread of insect and
funffoid pests which alone cause the loss of millions
of dollars every year to American farmers. Nearly
all these pests are dependent for their continuous ex-
istence on conditions which provide them with prac-
tically the same food, or the same host plants, on the
same land each year. Break this continuity and the
pests are at once lessened or exterminated. In the

750

THE SOUTHERlSr PLANTER.

[December

absence of their accustomed food, or host plants, or in
the presence of their enemies, which come often upon
other crops, they succumb. We htve surely said suffi-
cient to show the importance of establishing now a
system of rotation on every farm. What that rota-
tion should be is purely a local question. In some
sections it may be a long one, running over five or even
seven years, in others it should be a short one, not
exceeding three. In some sections the soil is better
adapted naturally to one or two crops, and local
market conditions may make these more profitable
than others. In some sections a grass sod holds natu-
rally on the soil and keeps in full vigor for several
years, whilst in others it will only hold for one or two
years and then become infested vrith weeds or become
so thin on the ground as not to yield profitable crops.
All these and many other considerations must be
borne in mind when deciding upon a rotation. The
one thing of importance to decide is that no field shall
grow two grain crops of the like character in two suc-
ceeding years. As far as possible determine that an
exhausting crop shall always be succeeded by a recu-
perating crop. In a section where red clover does well,
let this be one of the crops to come on the land at least
once in each rotation, and in the South this can
usually be more than accomplished, for here we can
grow a red clover crop in the summer and a crimson
clover crop in the winter. Where clover does not suc-
ceed well, then let cow peas, soy beans and vetches
take the place of the red clover. These are all recuper-
ating crops. They take nitrogen from the atmosphere
and fix it in the soil for the benefit of the succeeding
crops. We have known a crimson clover crop to in-
crease the yield of a corn crop 25 bushels to the acre,
and a cow pea crop to increase a wheat crop 10 bush-
els to the acre. The vetch crop is even more success-
ful in fixing nitrogen than the cow pea. In an ex-
periment made at Cornell Experiment Station, N. Y.,
it was found that a crop of hairy vetch had secured
256 pounds to the acre, as against an average of 52
pounds secured by cow peas in the section where they
are most successfully grown. In the central and
coast plain of the Southern States, where a grass sod
does not usually hold well to the soil a three or four
years' rotation is, in our opinion, the one likeliest to
be adopted with success, whilst in the Piedmont sec-
tions and further West a five or six years' course will
be best and most profitable. Whatever length of time
is decided upon, never wait so long to break up a grass
sod as to allow it practically to die out. Not only
will it in such a case be an unprofitable field for either
a hay meadow or a pasture in the last year or two,
but it will cause the loss of the vegetable matter of the

grass and the roots which it is always an important
matter to consider, as these tend so largely to add to
the humus in the soil. Break a sod always when it
is beginning to fail, and not when it has failed. Put
the coarse manure of the barnyard on the sod in the
fall and break for corn. A clover sod should in like
manner be utilized by breaking it for wheat. It will
supply the nitrogen needed by the crop, and thus make
the cost of production much less and the certainty of
a good yield greater. By watching these chances of
securing help to succeeding crops much economy in
production can be secured, and at the same time the
fertility of the land not be impaired, but be enhanced.

PLANT FOOD AND CROP PRODUCTION.

In our last issue we discussed at some length a part
of the bulletin issued by the Bureau of Soils of Ike
Department of Agriculture, which, as we then stated,
we regard as one of the most valuable contributions to
the science of crop production ever issued. We pro-
pose now to take up other points in the bulletin. As
pointed out in our last article, the texture of the soil
influences the climate of the soil in that it affects the
water supply and the temperature under which the
crop is produced. The actual distribution of the wa-
ter which falls, and the supply of water to the crop, is
regiilated almost entirely by the physical character-
istics of the soil. So far as the necessary water sup-
ply of crops is concerned, therefore the crop is not
dependent directly iipon the rainfall, but upon the
daily and hourly supply which can be delivered by the
soil to the roots of the plants, whether the ultimate
source of supply is from rainfall irrigation or seepage.
The influence of the texture of the soil upon the yield
of crops is strikingly shown in the cropping of the
light sandy soils of the Atlantic coast, which, because
of the light yield of corn and wheat, are used almost
exclusively for truck crops, and in the iise of the
Hagerstown loam and clay of the Lancaster area of
Pennsylvania, the valley of Virginia and the blue
grass region of Kentucky and Tennessee in produc-
ing hay and grain. Eor the same reason the Miami
black clay loam of Ohio and Illinois is iised for com,
the sandy soils of "Virginia for bright, yellow tobacco,
and the clay soils of the same State for the heavy
manufacturing and export tobacco. The investiga-
tions of the Bureau indicate approximately the same
amount, and the same proportions, of plant food per
unit of soil solution in these differest types of soil.
The physical properties, however, are very different.
The Miami clav loam maintains usuallv from 25 to

1903.]

THE SOUTHERN PLANTER.

751

30 per cent, of water. The Norfolk sand maintains
usually only about 6 per cent, of water. The Miami
clay, with good methods of cultivation, yields 60 or
80 bushels of com to the acre. Experiments have
shown that every pound of dry matter in the corn
crop requires about 300 or 400 pounds of water to
make it. The com plant would presumably require
as m\ich water per pound whether grown on the Nor-
folk sand or on the Miami clay, but because it cannot
obtain this in the Norfolk sand the crop there only
makes from 8 to 10 bushels to the acre. The amount
of soluble plant food in both soils is practically the
same. The water holding capacity of the soil and its
power to deliver this to the plant is the cause of the
difference in yield, and this water holding power is
affected largely by the texture of the soil and its phy-
sical conditions as controlled by cultivation. Another
influence controlling the yield of crops is rotation.
This is well illustrated by the Rothampstead wheat
experiments. There the yield of wheat grown con-
tinuously without manure or fertilizer for fifty years
has been reduced from 334 bushels to 15 bushels.
'Where wheat has been rotated with roots^ barley,
clover, beans or fallow, the wheat being sown every
fourth year for forty-four years without the addition
of manure or fertilizer, the yield of wheat has not
been sensibly reduced. The yield of wheat even where
the roots were carted off and the land left in fallow
being 334 bushels in 1883, as against 304 bushels in
1857, and 35 bushels in 1859. The yield of wheat
in this same experiment on land where mixed mineral
and nitrogenous manures and fertilizers has been iised
in some part of the rotation has not been sensibly
larger. In this case, then, by a simple rotation and
change of cultural methods from year to year ivith the
change of crop the yield of wheat has been maintained
practically constant for forty-four years, whereas the
yield of xvheat under continuous culture has fallen
one-half in the same time. This decrease can be
ascribed only to some physical change in the soil, to
some chemical change other than the actual loss of
plant food, or possibly to the accumiilation of disease
germs, insects, etc., which it is known frequently oc-
curs where rotation is not practiced. Another in-
fluence affecting the vield of a crop is the variety of
seed used. Just why this should influence the yield
has never been determined. It is due imquestion-
ably to other factors in plant gro'ni;h. possibly to sea-
sonal changes, conditions of cultivation, or other in-
fluences of which we know nothing. It may be that
the great variation in the yield from different varie-
ties of seed are really due to the condition of the pre-
ceding crop or the vitality and state of maturity of the

seed, but so far as known the differences are due to
the kind of seed used as influenced by the condition
of the soil and climate.

In further discussion of the part played by com-
mercial fertilizers in the yield of crops, the authors
of the bulletin say : "If the generalizations contained
in the bulletin to the effect that the soil moisture has
sensibly the same composition in different types of
soil and in soil under good and poor methods of culti-
vation, and that there is more of these fertilizing in-
gredients in all soils than the plant actually needs be
sustained, it may well be that the role of fertilizers re-
quires other explanations than those now generally
accepted." The fundamental idea in the use of com-
mercial fertilizers has been that of supplying plant
food in an available form. It is significant that other
conditions of growth have so much influence on the
yield that in but very few instances, even after long
continued experiment, has it been demonstrated that
any particular fertilizing ingredient or ingredients
are required for any particular soil, and that even
then the effect of the fertilizer varies so greatly from
year to year that no specific law has been worked out
from which the fertilizing requirements could be de-
duced. It is a fact admitting of no argument thai
fertilizers rarely take the place of efficient methods of
cultivation and of cropping in increasing or maintain-
ig crop yields. With the present methods of cultiva-
tion the difference between the yield of 8 bushels of
wheat per acre on the Cecil clay in North Carolina
and 25 to 30 bushels per acre on the same soil in
Maryland cannot be adjusted by the application of
any kind or any amoimt of fertilizers to the North
Carolina soil. The idea now held by the Bureau of
Soils as a result of the investigation is that the ratio
of the niitrient elements (plant food) in normal soils
does not play a very important part in the yield of
crops, or, to be more explicit, low yields are usually
related to the physical condition and characteristics
of the soil. The conclusions drawn by the authors of
the bulletin from a consideration of all the data of the
experiments made, is that plants can and do yield
ordinary crops though growing in soils containing
very small traces of all the plant foods, while if the
amount of these plant foods is increased a thousand
times, as in the case of the alkali soils of the West,
where potash, lime, phosphoric acid and nitrates are
frequently found in very large amounts, they are un-
able to give corresponding increases in the yield. On
the contrary, the yield from these arid soils under
irrigation is no greater than that obtained from the
=oils of the humid regions which contain far less of
these mineral plant foods, provided the season in the

752

THE SOUTHERX PLANTER.

[December

humid region is just right, or that irrigation be prac-
ticed. The exhaiistive investigation of manv types
of soil by very accurate methods of analysis under
many conditions of cultivation, and of cropping in
areas yielding large crops, and in adjoining areas
yielding small crops, has shown that there is no ob-
vious relation between the amount of the several nu-
tritive elements in the soil and the yield of the crops —
that is to say, that no essential chemical difference
has been found between the solution produced in a
soil yielding a large crop of wheat and that in a soil
of the same character in adjoining fields giving much
smaller vields. The conclusion logically follows
that on the average farm the great controlling factor
in the yield of crops is not the amouni of plant food
in the soil, but is a physical factor the exact nature of
which is yet to be determined. It is not to be deduced
from this that fertilizers do not frequently increase
the yield of crops, but whether this increase is Awe
to an actual increase of the plant food in the soil, to
an early stimulation of the plant to enable it to get
its roots out into a sufficient volume of soil, or to some
physiological or physical effect, is not altogether clear.
The results of these investigations also seem to indi-
cate that the actual quantity of water a soil can fur-
nish the plant, irrespective of the percentage of water
actually present in the soil has probably a very im
port<nnt influence on the yield. The conclusion seems
justified, that although differences in the dissolved
saJt content (plant food) or in the concentration and
composition of the soil moisture may be a factor in the
yield as well as quality of a crop, it does not appear to
be a major one in determining or controlling the wide
variations observed in crop yields on different soils.
Tt appears further that practically all soils contain
sufficient plant food for good crop yields, that this
.fupply will be indefinitely maintained, and that this
actual yield of plants adapted to the soil depends
mainly under favorable climatic conditions upon the
cultural methods and suitable crop rotation — a con
elusion strictly in accord with the experience of good
farm practice in all countries.

TALL CORN.

In a recent issue, replying to a correspondent who
asked whether it was not possible to secure a shorter
growing corn in the South by using Xorthern seed, we
replied that there was no means known to us of pre-
venting corn from becoming much taller in the South
than in the North and West, and that if Northern
seed was used it would at once commence to grow tall,

and in two or three years would become as tall as that
grown from Southern seed. This reply was founded
on practical experience. We have known the experi-
ment tried and it resulted as we state. Our long
growing season and a climate specially congenial to
the corn plant, causes this. The Editor of the Prac-
tical Faraier (Prof, ilassey), in a recent issue of that
paper, takes partial issue with us on this subject, and
cont-ends that with care in selection of the seed for a
number of years much may be done to correct this ap-
parently natural tendency of the corn plant here,
and that we can get rid of the very tall stalks with
only one ear growing near the top. ^Vhilst experi-
ments made in the West go to show that a great in-
crease can be made in the yield by selection and care-
ful breeding of corn for a series of years, yet we doubt
much whether this will largely affect the height to
which the stalks will grow in this Southern climate.
Prof. "Massey suggests Cocke's Prolific as the variety
to use in endeavoring to correct the tall growing habit.
Whilst we agree with Prof. Massey in the advisa-
bility of selecting Cocke's Prolific as the variety to
use for experimenting, yet this agreement is not based
on the idea that its use would result in a shorter corn,
but rather that it would result in a greater yielding
corn. Cocke's Prolific is one of the tallest growing
corns we know, and one which takes the longest time
to complete its growth. In this respect it is well
adapted to our climatic conditions. It originated in
the James River Valley west of Richmond, and ha.s
been there bred to great perfection. The greatest
corn yield ever made in the State, 160 bushels to the
acre, was made by Cocke's Prolific grown near by
Bellmead, where the variety originated. The grower
of tJiis ci-op. Mr. TI. E. Wood, sent us a large bundle
of the stalks of this crop to let us see the character of
the same. These stalks ran all the way from 1-t to
IS feet tall. The peculiarity, however, and this is
characteristic of the variety and what makes it so
valuable, was in the number of ears on the stalks.
On the tallest stalk sent us there were 11 ears of corn,
and none of the stalks had less than four ears on them.
The average number of ears on a stalk throughout the
crop was not less than two, and a very large propor-
tion liad three good ears. Now. with such a produc-
tion of ears possible, we see no reason why we should
desire a .shorter stalk. If, in addition to producing
from two to three ears on the stalk, we can also get
the great increase of fodder, which a tall stalk gives,
we surely need not seek to alter the habit of the va-
riety. One thing is perfectly certain, that without a
tall stalk and a great leafage on the stalk we can
never secure a variety that will also give a great num-

1903.]

THE SOUTHEEN PLANTER.

75?

ber of ears, for the seed bearing possibility of all
plants is largely controlled by luxuriance of growth.
Without the stalk and leaves to elaborate the sap and
juices of the plant and convert them by nature's
methods largely into seed vessels and seed no gi-eat
yield of seed or fruit can be looked for from any
plant. A healthy and luxuriant foliage on any plant
is a sina qua non for successfiil seed and fruit bearing
and in this respect corn is no exception. We quite
agree with Prof. INfassey that it is desirable to get rid
as far as ])ossible of the tall growing corn so common
in the South, each stalk carrying only at most one
ear, and many not an ear at all, and believe that this
is quite possible by following his suggestions as to se-
lection of seed, but we see no reason why we should
desire to get rid of tall growing corn carrying at least
two ears on each stalk. The heavier the gro^\i:h we
can get on an acre of land and the more profit we can
get out of it if we only utilize that growth as we
ought to do, and especially is this true of corn where
analysis shows that nearly one-half of the nutritive
feed vahie of the crop is in the stalk and fodder.

SMALL FARMS WELL TILLED.

Editor Southern Planter:

I strongly and persistently advocate the "small
farm well tilled." A few years ago a German-Ameri-
can correspondent of ours came to Norfolk with his
wife and three small children. The mother was in the
last stages of consumption and lived only a year after
reaching this seaport.

After payinff the expenses, incident to the death
and burial of his wife, he found himself tln-ee dollars
in debt. ITis assets comprised a few articles of house-
hold goods, and three small children and not a dollar
in his ]iockets. On the contrary he owed three dollars
when he began working for one of our market gar
deners.

He soon liegan, however, to work for himself in a
small way. Now after a few years he is getting on his
feet and is considering the purchase of a good fai-ni
of his own. Having accumulated considerable money
and learned all about the trucking business , he is now
in a position to buy.

At my suggestion he has been keeping close ac-
count of a little field or piece of his market garden.
He selected a plat, which, by measurement, contained
a little less than one-third of an acre of land.

On the 15th of September, 1902, he sowed it to
spinach, which he marketed in January, 1003 ; selling
fifty barrels at one dollar and fifty cent,'^ jier barrel:

and twenty-one barrels at two dollars per barrel. Hi-
expense account with the one-third acre was as fol-
lows : Cost of barrels, thirteen dollars and eighty-one
cents ; cost to cut spinach, four dollars and ninety-
seven cents ; cost of fertilizer, six dollars and fifty
cents ; freight to New York, ten dollars and si."cty-five
cents; commission for selling in New York, nine dol-
lars and thirty-six cents ; seed, forty cents.

By adding these items of expense together, and de-
ducting the same from the gi'oss sales, one will see
that the spinach crop netted him seventy-one dollars
and thirty cents from the one-third acre, clear of all
expense.

The last days in February or first week in March
he set out lettuce on this one-third acre, and in April,
1903, sold one hundred and thirty-five baskets of let-
tuce, at two dollars per basket, or two himdred and
seventy dollars. His expense on the lettuce crop was :
Baskets, nine dollars and forty-five cents; freight,
eighteen dollars and ninety cents; commission for
selling, twenty-one dollars and sixty cents; fertilizer,
five dollars ; labor, seventy-five cents ; leaving two
hundred and fourteen dollars and forty cents net
profit after deducting all expenses.

Before the lettuce was sold, in April, he planted
snap beans between the rows; but the crop was not, a
success, yet he realized a little over ten dollars clear
profit from the beans. We liere see a clear net profit
of two hundred and ninety-four dollars and sixty-one
cents from less than one-third of an acre, inside of
nine months : from the 15th September, 1902, to 15th
of June, 1903. These nine months included the win-
ter months, and there were three growing months left
in the year yet — from June 1 5 th around to September
15th, in which our friend could have grown another
ci-op, and thus made his net cash profit, on one-third
acre, in one vear's time, more than three Imndred dol-
lars.

Now in this ease, this man liad no great capital,
and made no special or great effort, and could, in all
probability, do even better next time.

Had he been able to have retailed his profluce here
at home, direct to the consumer, lie could have made
much greater profit ; but he sent every package of his
produce to commission men in New York to sell for
him, and still made, as stated, two hundred and nine-
ty-four dollars and sixty-one cents, from one-third of
an acre, in nine months time.

Of course all can not do as this poor but thrifty,
farmer did ; simply or mainly because they do nof.
have the climale, soil and markets to aid them; but
there are several hundred thousand acres of land in
Eastern Virginia, which, if carefully and thoroughly

754

THE SOUTHERN PLANTER.

[Dieceinber

cultivated, and the produce harvested and marketed in
t husineaalike manner, would yield a net cash return ;
which would astonish the Western wheat and com
grower.

I plead earnestly for intensive farming. Give las
good thorough intensive farmers and farming in East-
ern Virginia for a f ew years, and we will show you
extensive and very sttisfactorj' results.

If one is near to a good local market, or has a cheap
freight rate to reach a half million consumers, let
him put in a five acre garden ; and, after his family
is supplied, ship the balance, and see if the five acres
in garden crops do not return more clear profit than
forty acres in corn or wheat.

Do not try to cover too much land, but cover it well.
This should be the aim of every tiller of the soil;
especially of every one who lives in this mild and mid-
dle latitude, near-the-sea, which insures an equable
climate, a liberal well distributed rainfall, cheap
transportation, and easy access to ten million con-
sumers.

If Eastern Virginia is once thoroughly and inten-
sively tilled it will be able to furnish "garden sass"
for more than fifty million consumers.

Norfolh county. A. Jeffees.

ENQUIRERS' COLUMN.

Enquiries sliould be sent to the office ofj The Southern PUn-
^«r,°Richmond, Va., not^later than the 15th of the month for
replies to appear in the next month'sjissue.

Cotton Seed Hulls, Corn Shucks, English Peas, Irish
Potato Planting in December, Wood Ashes,
Manure.

1. Are cotton seed hulls at 50 cents per hundred
valuable for feeding milch cows ?

2. Are com husks fed alone as good for milch cows
as the stalk fodder?

3. Which is better to plant English peas in Decem-
ber or February for early crop ?

4. Should potatoes planted in December be cut or
be planted whole ?

.*). Are pure dogwood ashes worth 10 cents per
bushel for a fertilizer for garden truck and what kind
of truck are they best for ?

fi. Should manure put on plowed ground this fall
be scattered and harrowed in ?

7. Will it pay me to haul manure for one mile at
30 cents for a one-horse load that has sawdust in it?

J. L. Beitton.

Mecklenburg county, Ya.

1 . The digestible nutrients in cotton seed hulls are

less than are contained in oat straw. The protein
and carbo-hydrates are less, the fat a little more. For
feed therefore they are only worth the price of straw.

2. There is very little difference in the digestible
nutrients in shucks and stalk fodder. As feed they
are about of equal value.

3. In your section we would plant the English peas
in December if we could get them in on well prepared
land and a nice seed bed not too wet. February is
often a wet month and one in which it is difficult to
get a good seed bed. If the ground is, however, in
nice order they will do well sown in February.

4. We would plant the sets whole in December.

5. We cannot find an analysis of dogwood ashes
but presume they will be about as rich in potash as
other hard woods. This varies from 4 to 5 per cent,
in unleached ashes. This potash is worth about 4
cents per pound, say 16 to 20 cents per hundred
pounds of ashes. The other main constituent of the
ashes is lime, which has, of course, some value, but
not much should be added to the price of potash for
this. Ashes are valuable to use on all the potash lov-
ing crops like Irish potatoes and cabbages and also
for fruit trees.

6. Scatter the manure at once but there is no im-
mediate necessity to harrow it in. This can be done
when preparing the land for the crop.

7. If the stock making the manure is well fed stock
it should pay to haul it that distance and pay 30 cents
per load for it though we should prefer to have it
without the sawdust. There is no value in the saw-
dust except in so far as it may help to lighten a piece
of heavv land. — En.

Corn on Wire Grass Land,

Please publish the best way to work corn on sandy
wire grass land. . . A. T. Bbooke.

Essex county, Va.

Corn and wire grass will not grow successfully to-
gether. Land infested with wire grass should bo
cleared of this before planting in corn. The way to
clear it is to shade it densely. This may be done with
a crop of peas or with com planted thickly for fod-
der or with sorghum planted for a forage crop. Peas
are the best as they will improve the land at the same
time as they are killing out the grass. The peas should
have a good dressing of acid phosphate given them,
say 300 or 400 pounds to the acre, to insure a heavy
crop. Wire grass must have sun or it will not grow.
We once saw a field with one of the heaviest wire grass
pods on it cleaned almost entirely of it in one year
with a heavy crop of corn grown for fodder. The

1903.]

THE SOUTHEKF PLANTEE.

755

year following only a small patch here and there
where the corn had been thin made an attempt to grow
and these were dug out and a perfectly clean field was
the result. It then grew a fine crop of com. If the
land is not rich give the corn some acid phosphate,
say 300 or 400 pounds to the acre, to ensure a good
growth. It is folly to try to grow corn for the grain
and wire grass together. It cannot be done. The wire
grass will beat the corn every time. — En.

Farm Management,

About six years ago I took charge of this place,
which belongs to a gentleman from New York. He
has been coming here about four months in the year,
but now his boys are going to school and he will not be
able to come down for so long and conseqiiently asks
me to reduce expenses. When I took charge of this
place it was like many places in the South, run down
by continually planting corn. I have brought it up
with the help of your valuable paper to bring about
5 to 6 baJrels of corn to the acre where it brought
2 to 3 before. I have also raised all the hay to keep
six head of cattle and four of horses, and will be able
to sell 10 to 12 tons of hay in addition. How can 60
acres of land be made to pay when I have to drive five
miles to a depot and 25 miles to the nearest town and
with no opportunity to get a separator if I should
raise grain. Would it pay to buy a separator and
reaper ?

What are the rules in taking a farm on shares ?

Stafford county, Va. A Subscriber.

We do not think that you would do wisely to buy
a separator and reaper for such a crop of small grain
as you could raise on a 60 acre farm after setting
apart the land you would put in corn, hay and pas-
ture. It would seem to us that the best course for you
to follow would be to make the place into a dairy
farm. You are on the main line to Washington City
and not too far from it to ship your dairy products
there, where there is an unlimited market for these
products when made of fine quality. Make butter or
ship cream and use the skim milk to raise calves and
hogs for veal and pork. Mr. Sandy, whose farm we
described in the last issue, is much further from this
market than you are from Washington and he has
made a success by the adoption of this course.

The terms of renting on shares vary in different
sections. Here it is the custom very generally to pay
one-third but often other arrangements are made, de-
pendent upon the help given by the owner of the farm
in developing and improving it. — Ed.

Barren Corn Stalks,

Last year I planted a field of peanuts on which T

used acid phosphate, after digging the peas I sowed
the land in rye for a fallow. This spring I plowed
the rye under, planted the field in corn, which grew
large, healthy looking stalks, but not more than two-
thirds of the stalks eared. Can you tell me why the
stalks failed to ear ? J. Eopee Johnson.

Dinwiddle county, Va.

A prolific source of so many barren stalks of com
in our corn fields is the permitting of these barren
stalks to tassel and pollenize the other corn. Every
barren stalk should be cut out before it tassels or the
tassel be cut off before it opens. There can be no
doubt but that the principle of "like producing like"
obtains in the vegetable kingdom as well as in the ani-
mal. A great addition could be made to our corn crop
every year if only the practise of cutting out barren
stalks was carefully followed every year all over the
State. — Ed.

White Pine,

Will you kindly tell me through The Planter,
something about the pruning and care of white pines ?

Here, in exhausted and worn out fields the pine
grows luxuriantly and were it not for knots, makes a
beautiful and useful lumber. They come from seed
only, and often a thousand will cluster about a sin-
gle parent tree. Can we not prune these young pines
and grow a forest, free from limbs and knots ? What
season is most favorable for this work ?

One dead pine infested with a certain worm some-
times proves disastrous to the entire surroundings and
I am told that it is only at certain seasons that cut-
ting or pruning endangers the pine. Any informa-
tion will be appreciated. Kufus T. Cox.

Carroll county, Va.

We referred the foregoing enquiry to the Forestry
Bureaii of the Department of Agriculture and have
been favored with the following reply :

Replying to your letter of November 12, which ha«
been referred to me for attention, I beg to say that the
only recent literature available in regard to the care
of planted white pine is contained in an article pub-
lished in Forestry and Irrigation in July, 1902. By
applying to Mr. H. M. Suter, Editor, Atlantic Build-
ing, Washington, D. C, you can secure a copy of this
journal. Excellent illustrations point out the various
advantages of artificial trimming and other treatment
for such planted groves.

As a rule white pine and other eastern conifers can
be safely pruned from March to April inclusive. This
spring pruning is advisable since shortly afterward
the spring growth of wood begins and if the pruning
is properly done the wounds are likely to be healed
over that season.

756

THE SOUTHEKN PLANTER.

[Deoeinl)ei'

The Bureau of Forestry will shortly publish an ex-
haustive bulletin embodying the results of a careful
study of planted white pine. In this report will be
included a chapter on the insect which ha.s become
so destructive of this species in planted groves. So
far as we know now the insect does not enter the tree
through wounds made by trimming. It appears to
attack the tender leader and other similar portions of
the tree. As soon as this bulletin becomes available,
you will receive a copy of it and we believe its con-
tents will be of great interest to your readers.
Very truly yours,

Geo. B. Sudworth, Chief.

Broomsedge— Red Jersey Hogs,

Would like to get some practical plan to eradicate
broomsedge. It takes all vacant land here from new-
ly cleared new ground to old iields. I have pasture
sod of different grasses — sowed two and three years
ago — good rich, fresh land, too, that is rapidly suc-
cumbing to the broomsedge. Nothing but cultivation
will check it. One does not feel like biiying exjjen-
sive grass seeds and building fences for pasturces
when one has nothing but broomsedge in the pasture
in a short time.

A friend in Iowa has sent me a pair of Red Jersey
pigs. Neighbors wish me to keep for breeders, but I
am partial to Berkshire or Poland Chinas. Are the
Jerseys considered a good breed ? What are their
general characteristics '^ H. D. Lindsay.

Surry county, N. C.

If you could only persuade your neighbours to join
with you in getting rid of broomsedge you would soon
be rid of it as it only comes from seed and this is eas-
ily pi'evented comriig on the plants on your own land
by running tlie mower over the pastures before the
seed ripens. The difficulty is that your neighbors al-
low their broomsedge to seed and then this seed, like
thistle seed, flies all over the country and seeds itself
on every man's land. If, however, you get a good
sod on your land of the better grasses this will largely
prevent the broomsedge from getting hold. We know
of no way to eradicate it but cultivation, thoiigh close
pasturing will tend largely to prevent it spreading and
becoming troublesome.

3. The Red Jersey hogs are very popular out in the
West. It is claimed that they make a better bacon
hog tlian the Poland Chinas or than the Berkshires
when corn fed. They make more lean meat. There
is a much larger demand for them in the East now
than there was a few years ago. Ojie breeder who ad-
vertises them with us says that he cannot supply the
demand he has for pigs, although he keeps a numl^r
of sows. Give them a trial. Thev should do well

with you, though like you, we think nothing can beat
a Berkshire for an all-round useful hog. — Ed.

Keeping Sausage Meat,

We have had a great number of replies to "An r.;i-
quirer" as to keeping sausage meat, etc. We select
the following from those sent in as being sufficient to
meet the request :

Replying to "An Enquirer'' in the November issue
of TriE Pr..v\-TER: Have your sausage meat clean
without washing — water left in it causes mould —
season, then mill it, and at once, while soft from the
mill, pack closely, leaving no crevices or air pockets.
Pack in stone vessels, if for winter use — pack smooth-
ly and evenly full, and paste over the top a skin from
the side or leaf fat, having first dipped the skin in
warm water and stretched it until soft and elastic ; or
if the skins are not at hand, leave a space for an inch
of warm lard to be poured over your sausage, which
also makes it air-tight.

To keep through the summer you must pack in
small sacks and hang up to cure and dry, the same as
your liams. I use new, rather thin brown cotton, 10
inches long. 12 or 14 inches in circumference when
full. Then paste tightly around each roll, over the
cotton sack, a skin from the side lard, treated as above.
This prevents too gi-eat evaporation, whereby much
of the outside would be hard and unfit for use.

The bladders from your porkers well cleaned,
turned inside out, and blown up to their full size, keep
sausage perfectly. Pack tight, tie the mouth and
liang uji to cure. Then in February or by March 1st
dro]> them in thick strong cotton sacks, to keep off in-
sects, and hang high until wanted for use.

This same thick cotton — a heavy closely woven un-
bleached domestic, will keep insects from your hams.
Trim the hams smooth so the sack will fit without air
spaces, sew them on with close stitches, leaving no
holes, sew a loop to OTie end, hang high and dry, before
the 1st of T\rarch.

For twenty years,

UiisspII County, Va. A Reader.

Replying to Enquirer in last issue about keeping
sausage: The only successful plan we have ever pur-
sued is to ])ut sausage up in the casing, then hang up.
Smoke it several weeks until thoroughly cured, and
then put away in sacks or in a dark cool place. It can
be kept indefinitely this way and is really more deli-
cious than when fresh. By "casing" I mean the small
intestines which, of course, have to be thoroughly
scraped and cleaned. This requires much care asd
some experience but is well worth the trouble. .\n

1903.]

THE SOUTHERN PLANTER.

757

ordinary grinder, with stuffer attached, is all that is
necessary. Care should be used in stuffing to not tear
the casing and also use a needle to puncture the air
accumulations. H. D. Linbsay.

Surry Couvty, Va.

■'An Enquirer'' from Pittsylvania county, Va.,
wants to know a method of keeping sausage fresh until
spring. Make a sack of the best and closely woven
cotton goods, three inches wide when smoothed out
( i. e., cloth over six inches liefore doubling and sew-
ing) about thirty inches or more long to suit taste and
cloth ; soak well in strong brine, stuff the sausage into
the sack with an Enterprise stuffer, stuff so tight that
the lard will come through the cloth and look like
frost. Tie the end close to the sausage and hang in a
dry cold place. A Friend.

Wythe County, Va.

Tn answer to the enquiry as to keeping sausage T
send a. receipt which I use and find the moat kee]is
perfectly as long as required.

To 20 pounds of sausage meat add fi tablespoonsful
of salt, 3 tablespoonsful jiepper, and 1 tablespoon of
red i^epper if preferred. ^lix tliorouf/lih/ and jiack
well in stone jars and cover with hot lard, about one
inch deep. Keep in a cool place.

T generally pack in one gallon jars, as after they are
once opened the meat will not keej') long exposed to
the air. ^Irs. Dk. Hat.se^'.

Foiiquier County. Vn.

T grind nice lean fresh hog meat in the sausage
mill. To every eight pounds of this ground meat I
use .'> tablespoons of salt, 4 tablespoons of sage. 2 table-
spoons of black pepper, 5 tablespoon of cayenne pep-
per. T mix this thoroughly and grind the second time
in sausage mill.

The day after grinding it T make it into cakes and
fry it as for eating. I pack these cakes in stone jars
without crowding,* leaving about an inch at the top.
The next day T melt lard and pour over it, com])letely
covering the sausage. This will keep all the year per-
fei-tly fresh. Mrs. Slade.

To keep sausage fresh for spring and summer use,
prepai-e it as for table use. that is. make it in small
cakes and fry it nicely in plenty of fresh lard. Put
the cakes as fried into crocks and each time pour the
lard over the sausage that von fried it in. and when
your crocks are packed full of sausage, let stand till
cold, then if any of the sausage is not covered with the
lard, put cold lard enough to thoroughly cover. Then
tie a cloth over crocks and put a wooden lid on. and set

aside to use in spring and summer. Sausage put up

in this way will keep fresh till September following.

Greene County, Tenn. L. E. Ottinger.

Curing Hams^

For the benefit of "Enquirer," Pittsylvania coun-
ty, Va,, I give recipe for curing hams.

Salt down the pork for about two weeks, take up
and resalt, with one teaspoonful of saltpetre to each
ham, and three pounds of brown sugar to each hun-
dred pounds ; pack down for two weeks more : take up
and wash hams in warm water and piit them in clean
sacks of coarse, white cloth, which have been steeped
in a solution of lime ; hang and smoke for about three
weeks, and they can then be left hanging the entire
season. I can assure you no insects will molest them
if thus prepared. Geo. H. C. Wiei.iams.

Washington. J). C.

Cotton Opening — Draining Land— Feeding Pump-
kins.

I would like to ask your advice, or opinion con-
cei-ning cotton bolls on heavy river land caught by the
recent frost, as to whether you think they will open. I
have noticed by opening some of the hard bolls, that
while the lint is dry the seed are not wholly made,
lieing very soft. T have over fifty acres of such land
in cotton and have only picked out 14 bales, while the
stalks are in most parts yet covered with bolls.

2. Please give best idea of draining land, where it
is perfectly flat, and inclosed by dykes. Would you
suggest making a basin and using "centrifugal
pumps.'" and forcing the water over the dykes ; if so,
what size pump ? And the cost of said pump ? There
is in this tract of land about 450 acres.

3. Ts there any truth in the saying that feeding
milch cows on pumpkins will cause them to go dry ?

Kershaw county, S. C. B. H. Batjm.

1. Tf the weather keeps dry it is probable that a
considerable proportion of the bolls will yet open.

2. The problem of draining such a flat as you de-
scribe is one for an hydraulic engineer. We have
known one such flat on the James river drained by
the use of a pump run by a windmill. Tn England
in the Fen district syphons are largely used for this
purpose. We would suggest that you write The Syd-
nor Pump and Well Company, of this city, on the
subject. They have had ex]>erience with such prob-
lems.— Ed.

Cabbage Growing— Canada Peas.

1. In the October number you advise sowing phos-
phate on cabbage this fall. Would you broadcast this
or put it in drill ?

758

THE SOUTHERN" PLANTER.

[December

2. What do you think of drilling stable manure
along the cabbage rows after they are set ? Would this
be as good as commercial fertilizer ?

3. I also have a piece of land I intend to set cab-
bage in next spring. Would you plow this land this
fall or let lie until next spring? If plowed this fall
would it be a good plan to sow rye or leave it bare all
winter ? I expect to manure it over this winter with
stable manure and it will have to be plowed some time
in March.

4. Would you sow Canada peas before or after
Christmas ? Would like to sow oats with them.

Hexrico Subscribeh.

1. If you apply more than 500 pounds to the acre
put it on broadcast. If less than this amoimt apply
in the drill mixing it well with the soil.

2. We would prefer to apply the manure in the
drill covering it before setting the plants. If, how-
ever, it is not convenient to do this from the fact of
the manure not then being available then a top dress-
ing later would no doubt help them. If plenty of
manure is available you can do without commercial
fertilizer, but as cabbages call for a large quantity of
potash and phosphoric acid, in which elements farm
yard manure is always lacking, a dressing of these
two j)l£int foods along with the manure will be an ad-
vantage.

3. We would plow the land now but it is too late
to sow rye to get much growth from it before time to
set the cabbages in the spring. Apply the manure on
the plowed land and then cross plow to cover the
manure or work in with the cultivator.

4. In this issue you will find advice as to sowing
Canada peas and oats. — Ed.

Protectini Cabbage Plants— Manuring for Cab-
bages.

1. Would it be well to cover cabbage plants with
hay or straw laid on the plants or to p\it poles over
them and lay the hay on the top of the poles ?

2. Is it better to put manure for cabbages on broad-
cast or apply it in the drill ? W. W. Wetister.

Binwiddie covnty, Va.

1. A very slight protection is usually sufficient for
cabbage plants in this section. Pine branches placed
around the bed and in the bed amongst the plants is
usually sufficient. If the weather comes very severe
some hay spread lightly over the branches would af-
ford ample protection. Do not put the bay directly
on the plants as it would lay too close and cause them
to rot.

2. This depends on the quantity to be used. If a
heavy dressing is available, sufficient to cover the
whole plot thickly, apply broadcast. If the quantity is

smaller than is sufficient for this purpose apply in the
drill.— Ed.

Stencil Ink.

Will you give me through your coltunns a good re-
ceipt for making stencil ink to use with a brush for
brass stencils, something that will stand weather and
not rub ? Is it possible to make a white stencil ink ?

X. Y. Z.

We regret that we are unable to comply with this
request. We know nothing of making inks. Inks of
every color for stencils can be hand from The South-
ern Stamp and Stationery Company, Richmond,
Va.— Ed.

Drain Tiles.

Will you let me know the address of some one from
whom I could get drain tile ? I would rather deal
directly with the manufacturer.

Jas. T. Gabrow.

Warwick Co., Va.

The Powiatan Clay itanufacturing Company,
Richmond, Va., make drain tiles. — Ed.

APPLES WANTED ABROAD.

Some time ago we called attention to the short
apple crop of Europe, suggesting that there would be
a good outlet for American apples on the other side
this fall and winter. Late advices have shown that
this view was correct. Shipments of apples have
been very heavy of late, but the demand for them is
so large that prices are well maintained. At Ham-
burg last week American apples brought from $2.66
to $5.56 per barrel, choice Kings topping the list. .\t
London the range was from $2.14 to $4.84, with
prime Greenings at the top; and at Liverpool from
$2.42 to $5.20, Albermarle pippins at the outside
price. With such a foreign market and a crop not
any too large apple growers should realize good re-
turns from the orchards which have produced fruit
this vear.

An old broom is useful in the stable to clean the
thickest mud from the horses' legs. Finish up with
a coarse cloth or a handful of clean straw.

When corresponding with adrertisers, kindly men-
tion the Southern Plmnter.

1908.]

THE SOUTHEKN PLANTEK.

759

Trucking, Garden and Orchard.

WORK FOR THE MONTH.

The planting of cabbage a^i 1 lettuce crops in the
trucking sections of the State has proceeded with very
little interruption from bad weather smd the plants
set out have been able to make a stare quite sufficient
for the time of the year. This work may still pro-
ceed until we have severe weather but provision
should be made for protecting the lettuce plants in
case of severe weather by mxilching and by shading
with pine boughs on the north and east sides of the
beds. Young lettiice plants intended for setting out
in early spring should also have protection given in
case of hard weather, but so long as the weather keeps
mild leave them exposed, as protecting them in such
weather only makes them more susceptible to the hard
weather. Lettuce set out in cold frames should have
the lights off during the day in all mild weather. They
require all the air possible until cold weather sets in.
When really severe weather may be expected mats or
straw should be kept handy to put over the lights. x\s
the plants are cut for the table or for market new
plants should be set out in the places thus keeping the
beds full. .

The pruning and cleaning up of the orchard and
small fruit plantations should receive attention. Burn
all prunings and trash and thus destroy insects and
fungoid spores.

Strawberries may still be set out though it is ques-
tionable whether it is not better to defer planting until
spring when the work has been so long delayed.
Wherever plants are now set out they should be
mulched with pine tags or short straw to prevent heav-
ing of the plants by frost.

Tn Tidewater and Middle Virginia and Eastern
Xorth Carolina Irish potatoes may be set for a very
early crop. We have had very satisfactory reports
from a number of subscribers who have tried this De-
cember planting. Special care, however, must be
taken in planting. The land .should be deeply plowed
and finely broken and the rows be then opened very
deep by numing the plow twice in each row, and the
land should be a dry sandy loam. Apply a good po-
tato fertilizer in the rows tnd mix with the soil. Then
drop the sets which should be uncut and of medium
size at the usual distance apart and cover lightly with
soil. On top of the soil a good covering of farm yard

mamire should be spread and on this plow a furrow
from each side, thus making a ridge over the set. This
ridge should be harrowed do^vn in the early spring.
If the plants should show signs of coming through the
soil before danger of frost is past plow a light fur-
row on to them.

A NEW ENGLAND FARMING COMMUNITY.

A Connecticut Orchard.

Editor Southern Planter:

While at the American Pomological Society meet-
ing at Boston I was invited by Mr. J. H. Hale, the
newly elected President, to visit him at bis home. I
accepted with pleasure for Mr. Hale is the greatest
peach grower in the world and a recognized authority
on peaches and I knew it afforded me a fine oppor-
tunity to learn. Mr. Hale is a man of unusual parts,
his mind is of broad and comprehensive grasp, quick
and unerring in jiidgment; as a speaker he is strong
and forcible with a full appreciation of what is hvim-
orous; in business affairs he is energetic, practical,
and with great faith which is productive of great
works. His orchards at South Glastonbury, Ct.,
number over .50,000 bearing trees while his orchard
in Georgia is up in the hundreds of thousands, his
force of hands between five and six himdred and his
shipments of fruit go out by the car loads, and train
loads. Like most men who have attempted great
things ]\Ir. Hale has been subject to much criticism.
To grow fruit on the abandoned farms of Connecticut
or the cotton fields of Georgia was pronounced ab-
surd, his methods were condemned and his failure was
freely predicted. But with pluck, tireless energy and
administrative ability of the highest order Mr. Hale
kept on and to-day he has one of the beet organized
and most successful agrieiiltural enterprises in the
Fnited States.

At Hartford we left the IST. Y., N. H. fr H. R. R.
and took a trolley running in full view of the State
House, crowning a hill jn a splendid park. It has an
umisual history for a public building. Three million
dollars were put at the disposal of six citizens, three
Democrats and three Republicans. They had the
building completed in the very beet manner and not
only had no deficit but returned over $70,000 to the
treasury.

The trolley line runs through an unique agricultii-

760

THE SOUTHERN PLANTER.

[December

ral cominiuiity: for tifty miles it extends along a
l)ro:id highway, shaded bv handsome elms and sngar
maples, with fanners' honses bnilt np on either side
like a continnous street. AImjiU every -li miles is a
school honse, church, store, post-oftiee and black-
smith's shop. Thus the farmers have the social ad-
vantages and conveniences of city life. The political
system is a most admirably democratic one. The
country is divided into tovi-nships, governed by a
Iward selected by the i)eo])le, who levy their own ta.xes
and whose treasurer once a year settles with the board
anil with a "town meeting." Ten days before the set-
tlement his accounts are imblished in ])amphlet form,
showing every item of disbursement fully and this is
put in the hands of the people themselves. There are
often several hundred people present at these "'town
meetings" and they are fully informed about their
affairs and moneys.

^Ir. Hale's home is an ideal farmer's home, a iiroad
veranda, ornamented with running vines, a fountain,
graceful walks with brilliant flowers artistically
grouped, so as not to break tip, but to heighten the
effect of the lawn. The house was built in seventeen
hundred and something out of virgin oak and wnmgbt
nails by Mr. Hale's great-grandfather.

Back of the house is a handsome flower ganlen,
where colors are massed together with fine effect, and
Ix'hind this a vegetable garden, and fields of strawlier-
ries for plants, and countless young trees in the nur-
sery for orchards yet to come. T'tility is combined
with ornamf>nt. ])roducing a ha])))y efl'ect and sugges-
ting some valuable lessons for us in Old Virginia.
One thing T learned in growing tomatoes which may
be of value to others. The ]ilant is ])rnned to two
branches and these are trained by tying to a ])ole until
they are six feet high, all branches are ]irnned off e.\-
(re])t at the top where a tuft is allowed to grow and
only the fruit blossoms are left below it. This brings
tomatoes two or three weeks earlier than the old way
and masses the fruit on the two stems for three or
four feet. The plant* are set deep in the ground and
hilled up as they grow, cultivation being clean. Tliis
method raised the tomatoes which took the medals of
France, Spain and Italy. The peach orchards show a
master hand, and tJie dark green foliage, fine gn iwth
of new wood — the fruit w<x)d — wide open branches
extending from tree to tree, tell the story of good care,
^fr. Hale believes in clean cultivation and goes over
his bearing trees ten or twelve times a season. This
year, in trees that were caught by the freeze, he culti-
vated once and sowed crimson clover and now the
ground is covered with clover and the usual fall

growth. The effect has been splendid on the trees, and
a part of the orchard, cultivated once, shows a decided
improvement over a part where there was no cultiva-
tii»n and where the clover was mowed and left as a
ninlch. ^Ir. Hale is satisfied that no treatment will
e<|nal cultivation. A large block of trees which were
growing vip too high were cut back, the top taken out
of them and now they are full of a vigorous growth
of new wcHid and much lower. The l>est system is the
l)road flat tree headed low and kept low by cutting
iiack. ^Ir. Hale tells me that in his Georgia orchards
about half the fruit can be jiicked while sitting on the
ground, and none of his trees are allowed to gi'ow high.
The disc harrow, and spring tooth harrow, gang plow
with three ])lows, each about the size of a one-horse
])low, are the tools princijially used. ^Ir. Hale is
cleaning up new ground and planting it out, some of
it being grubbed clean and some of it with the stumps
left in the ground.

There was one thing it did me good to hear ^Ir.
Hale say: "I'm not afraid of the San Jose Scale any
more.'" Last year it broke out in the old bearing
l)each orchard and Mr. Hale killed it last winter with
the ( 'alifornia wash, salt, sulphur and lime. He says
it can be relied on to do the work and though his cli-
tiiate has a greater rainfall than (mrs it was found
entirelv satisfactory. Winter is the season to use it
and we should all in the next few months give our
orchards a good dose of it. It kills other pests besides
the scale and is good for the tree. T notice that a re-
cent bulletin of the Geneva ("N. Y.) Experiment Sta-
tion states that a mixture of lye in the California
wash does away with the necessity of boiling it. a
gi'eat thing for us if it has l)een fully proved.

From an observatory we looked down the hillside
over a forest of peach trees and ndling ground to the
waters of the broad and beautiful Connecticut river,
which comes like 3 silver band throiigh emerald fields
from Hartford, seven miles away. The great city
«]iread out with lofty spire and shining dome before
us, the broken line of hills beyond the river, the white
steamboats coming and going, all in the mellow sun-
shine of a Sei^tember evening formed a picttire of sur-
jiassing beauty, that will always come to memory's
call at the sound of the name "Connecticut. " Gone
forever is the thought of wooden hams and nutmegs
and instead ri*e u]i with pleasing grace, peaches, royal
in beauty and rich in flavor, views of picturesque love
liness and an openhearted hospitality which would
have done credit to Old Virginia in her palmiest
days. Sam't, B. Woods.

Albemarle county. Ta.

1903.]

THE SOUTHERN PLANTER.

761

FRUIT CULTURE IN VIRGINIA.

Editor Southern Planter:

It was my good fortune to spend nearly two months
in Southwestern Virginia this fall, returning home
only a few days ago. I had the opportunity of pay-
ing particular attention to the apple crop, and made
observations as to fruit growing in Virginia in gen-
eral. Your grand old State has many localities where
the raising of fruit for the market can be conducted
with great success. The celebrated "Valley of Vir-
ginia," extending, we might say, from the Potomac
on the east, or southeast, by the Blue Ridge, and on
the west, or northwest, by the Alleghany Mountains,
has a variety of soils especially adapted to the apple,
the pear, the plum, the peach, the cherry, the quince
and the grape, as well as the small fruits — strawber-
ries, raspberries, blackberries and the like.

All fruits did well this year in the section of Vir-
ginia visited, but the apple crop was unusually heavy.
Beautiful apples were hauled into the cities of Roa-
noke and Staunton, and to the principal stations of
the Norfolk and Western and Chesapeake and Ohio
railroads, to be packed in barrels and shipped. Some
lots were intended for export, a considerable fruit
trade with England, I imderstand, having developed
in the past few years.

I find that the leading apple, on account of its great
productiveness, fine appearance and excellent quality,
is the Albemarle pippin. This variety i* iTndoubtedly
identical with the Newtown pippin of the north, but
it has succeeded so admirably in Virginia, and partic-
ularly in Albemarle county that it is now more gen-
erally known by its local synonym. (We doubt this
identity. — Ed.)

The Albemarle pippin is shipped to the principal
cities of the United States, but especially to Wash-
ington, Baltimore, Philadelphia, New York, Pitts-
burg, Cincinnati and Chicago. Albemarle coimty is
still the largest producer, and it is expected that this
fall's shipments of apples from that county will ex-
ceed 50,000 barrels. Other counties of Virginia that
are large prodiicers are Erederick, Augusta, Warren,
Eauquier, Wythe, Rockingham, Botetourt, Roanoke,
Montgomery, Nelson and Culpeper, which have been
mentioned in the order of their importance. Each
will ship this fall from 10,000 to 2.5,000 barrels.

One grower in Roanoke county, twenty miles from
the city of Roanoke, sold his crop of apples for
$16,000. J. Coles Terry, of the Bent Mountain dis-
trict, in the same county, has 4,500 acres at an ele-
vation of 2,800 feet, where he is raising fruit very
successfully. His orchards contain mostly Albemarle
pipin trees. Erom 25 acres he realized this fall

$5,500 for the selected apples and has many bushels
of culls left for cider and vinegar. The product of
36 trees sold for $455. Mr. Terry has exported some
of his finest apples to Liverpool, obtaining $11 per
barrel. Daniel Locke, of Xearneysville, picked 1,800
biisheds of apples from 60 trees, twelve years old.
They brought $1.30 per barrel. The fruit was of ex-
cellent quality. A few barrels of the fruit will be
kept for the St. Louis Exposition. Dr. D. W. Border,
of the same county, a pioneer fruit grower of the Val-
ley of Virginia, also had an enormous yield of apples.
One tree bore 57 bushels, and another 45. His entire
crop was 2,500 barrels, the largest he ever had.

The Ben Davis, a Southern apple of showy appear-
ance and, therefore, very salable, but notoriously defi-
cient in quality, is also quite prolific in Virginia,
where it is as popular as in Kentucky, the State of its
reputed origin. The York Imperial, a Pennsylvania
variety and a great favorite in that State, also suc-
ceeds remarkably well in Virginia. The Winesap is
another popular kind, and, on account of its bright
color, sells well. There are large orchards in Vir-
ginia in which this variety predominates. That ex-
cellent all-roimd apple, the Smoke House, which orig-
inated in Lancaster county, Pennsylvania, the great-
est agricultural county in the Union; and the red-
cheeked Maiden's Blush, of New Jersey origin, are
the popular autumn varieties of Virginia. Not much
attention is paid to the summer varieties, but the
Early Ripe and Yellow Transparent are those mostly
grown. The Red Astrachan, which is one of the best
early varieties in the north, ripens unevenly in Vir-
ginia.

In the apple districts of Virginia the orchards are
not limited to 10 or 20 acres as in Pennsylvania, but
there are commercial orchards hundreds of acres in
extent. Col. A. M. Bo^vman, of Salem, a member of
the Virginia House of Delegates, and President of the
Diamond Orchard Company, has 45,000 trees (apple
and peach, but mostly the former), just coming rights
Iv into bearing. Nearby these are orchards of 150 to
300 acres. This is not equal, to be sure, to the Osage
^fountain apple district of Missouri, biit it is q\iite
fair for a beginning, as the apple industry of Vir-
ginia is in its earliest stages of development Possi-
bly-we may yet hear of the equal of that Osage Moim-
tain orchard of 18,000 acres, as the Stuait Land and
Cattle Company, of Southwestern Virginia (RtisscH
county), owning 40,000 acres of land, was recently or-
ganized for fruit growing and cattle raising purposes.
It is to be hoped, however, that this company will not,
like that in Missouri, limit the number of its varieties
of apples to two — the Ben Davis and Jonathan. Land

762

THE SOUTHEEN" PLANTER

[December

suitable for apple culture in the Valley of Virginia
and on the ridges, can be had, we ascertained, for $10
to $30 per acre.

There are some varieties of apples which in Vir-
ginia attain unusual size, just as the Yellow Bell-
flower of the State of Washington is twice as large as
the same variety grown in Pennsylvania. .The Penn
sylvania Fallawater, or Pound, grows to enonnoiis
proportions. The writer caught one of the elevator
boys of a Koannke hotel one day munching an apple
of this variety, while he directed the operations of the
car as it ascended and descended. The apple looked
to be almost as large as his head. The following col-
loquy took place: "Boy, where did you get that ap-
ple ?" we inquired. "Bought it," he managed to say
sheepishly, (as though he had been detected in steal-
ing it), his mouth full of the juicy fruit, and his
cheeks fairly bulging. "What did you pay ?" was the
next question. "Three cents," he said. Then raising
the seat in the elevator ho revealed a still larger ap-
ple. "Two for five ?" we asked. "Yep," he said, with
a grin.

The San Jose Scale, that inost pernicious insect
has made its dreaded appearance in most of the apple
districts of Virginia. Fortunately, through the en-
actment of the State law of March, 1896, the pest is
being successfully combatted. Bulletins replete with
information on the scale and other injurious insects.
as well as on fungus and atmospheric diseases of f niit
trees and plant life, are issued regularly from the Ag-
ricultural Experiment Station at Blacksburg. and
sent to the leading fruit growers of the State, as well
as to all who write for them. It is to be regretted that
Virginia does not appropriate more money for c:irry-
ing on this commendable work.

The trees (following out the recommendations con-
tained in these bulletins'), have been treated with
either the whale oil soap solution, or the keroseno
emulsion, or both, at the discretion and convenience
of the grower. Recently, the head gardener and hor-
ticulturist of the Norfolk and Western Railway Com-
pany, itr. Patrick Foy, of Roanoke, discovered the
efficacy of caustic soda for the destruction of the San
Jose Scale. As to the value of this remedy he has
been confirmed by the New York State Fruit Grow-
ers' Association, members of which were engaged this
year in a series of experiments with caustir soda, in
connection with lime and sulphur.

This new wa.=h for ridding tress of the San -Tose
Scale consists of 8.S pounds of lime, 17 pounds of stt!-
phur and from 3 to 4 pounds of caustic soda to one
barrel of water, mixed without boiling, thus saving
expense and much labor. The scale can be contvolled

by the thorough application of this wash in winter or
early spring. A pure article of lime should be used,
so as to reduce to a minimum the quantity of gritty
sediment,. The wash can be readily sprayed through
a Vermorel nozzle.

The great danger of the orchards of this country
being overrun by the San Tose Scale makes it impera-
tive that an unrelentless and imceasing war should bo
waged, and the remedies to be used should be publish-
ed again and again. There is no excuse for ignorance
in this matter. Several months ago two physicians of
the writer's acquaintance, who had gone extensively
into frtiit culture near the city of Reading, purely as
a business venture, found their orchards infested with
the scale. Without looking around long for remedie-j
they ordered all trees that had been attacked to be cut
down. Their loss amounts to thousands of dollars, all
of which could have been saved if the owners of the
orchards had had the proper knowledge.

Nine years ago, at a meeting of the State Board of
Agriculture, the writer presented a report making
known the first appearance of the San Jose Scale in
Pennsylvania, and gave the remedies that should be
used, recommending more particularly the whale oil
soap solution, to be applied to the bark of tree on
which the scale had appeared, the application to be
made while the trees were in dormant condition. By
the following year the scale had made such progress
that its presence was reported in twelve counties. Now
in this year of grace, 1003, there is scarcely one of the
sixty-seven counties of the State, in which it has not
appeared. The necessity for vigorous action is thus
apparent. Oyufs T. Fox,

Reading, Pa.. Nov. 20. 1003. Slfate Pomologist.

SMALL CANNING FACTORIES.
Editor Southern Planter:

Now that winter has come and work in the garden
and orchard is not pressing, we can figure some on
broadening our work next year. "Why not think of
starting a small cannery next year ? If there had
lieen more small canneries in Southwest Virginia this
year a large per cent, of the immense apple crop that
wasted could have been canned up at a good profit
AVhile we m\ist not expect such a crop next season,
still, other fruits can be put up at a profit and toma-
toes can be grown at the rate of one to three hundred
bushels per acre. I have grown them in this county
(ilontgomerv) at the rate of four hundred bushels
per acre. Perhaps there is no other vegetable for can-
ning that pays better than the tomato. Canned to-

190S.1

THE SOUTHERN PLANTER.

763

matoes are one of the standard articles of the grocery-
man. There is always a demand for them.

People in Virginia and other Sonthern States are
consuming more fruits and vegetables each year. It
is being fonnd ont that we can grow large quantities
of fruits and vegetables on our soils with compara-
tively small outlay. Sometimes the market prices go
down and these products do not pay well to ship. Just
here the small cannery comes in and not only saves
what might otherwise go to loss, but makes a hand-
some profit. It puts fruit growing and truck farming
on a more sure basis.

The cost of small canning factories is now so low
that each individual grower may have one.

Two years ago when I completed some experiments
with a small canning outfit which I had put up for
experimental purposes, and had published the resiilts
of my experiments, I received a nimiber of letters
from almost every Southern State asking for more in-
formation upon the subject. I advocated strongly the
establishment of small canning factories in connection
with cotton gins, where there is a water supply and
the boiler and house lie idle during the canning sea-
son. Now there are a large number of small canning
factories in Texas where these experiments were car-
ried on. And since I have come back to my native
State I am informed that Eotetourt and Roanoke
counties can more tomatoes than any other two coun-
ties in the United States. I am glad to know that Vir-
ginia is wakening up along this line. The money that
is usually spent for these things may be kept at home.
It was formerly believed that canning factories were
very costly, and this belief has retarded development
of the canning industry in the Southern States.

The first outlay for my canning factory was $340,
and the capacity was estimated at 5,000 cans per day.
However, to be more accurate, I will give here some
quotations from the catalog of a firm that sells small
canning outfits and of whom I purchased mine.

Capacity estimated at 3,000 3 pound cans or .5,000
i pound cans per day. Kettles set in brick work or
attached to steam boiler. Process kettle, 36 inches in
diameter by 36 inches deep, $18.00; exhaust kettle,
36 inches in diameter by 24 inches deep, $16.00;
scalding kettle, 30 inches in diameter by 24 inches
deep. $14.00 ; 3 sets grate bars, 3 furnace doors, or 3
steam coils if boiler is used. $1 5.00 ; 2 gasoline fire
pots, complete, $32.00; 2 6-tier process crates,
$11.00 ; 2 1-tier exhaust crate, $7.00 ; 1 set crane fix-
tures, $10.00; 4 capping machines, $3.00; 4 copper
cappers, $4.00; 2 tipping cappers, $1.00: 2 scalding
baskets, $2.00 ; 1 forging handle, 25 cents ; 1 forging
stajce. $2.50; 1 vi.se, $2.50; j dozen files, $1.35; 2

pair can tongs, 70 cents; 1 forging hammer, $1.00;
1 floor truck, $12.00; 2 dozen peeling knives, $2.00;
total, $158.30.

Such a plant would can everything except corn and
beans. For these two things a closed top kettle is nec-
essary, and this would cost about $120.00. At least
a 15 H. P. boiler should be used. A building 20x45
feet is necessary, also good clean water in abundance.
If the boiler is placed in a separate room it is much
better on account of the heat. I am informed that
a number of persons in Virginia have their kettles set
in brick work. While this method is much less costly,
it is much more inconvenient. The kettles are more
difficult to clean and the capacity is lessened.

I have had a great many letters asking questions on
the subject how to can. Pull instriictions on this
subject are sent by the factory people when the ma-
chinery is sold. However, the Virginia Experiment
Station at Elacksburg has just published an excel-
lent bulletin on ''processing," which can be had by
writing for it.

In starting a factory one should have an expert for
a short while. Labor is usually paid for by the piece
or job. Women and children usually do the best
work. The prices paid will vary in each locality. The
following, I consider, a low estimate; Peeling toma-
toes, per 24^ gallon bucket, 11 cents ; peeling apples,
per 2^ gallon bucket, 21 cents ; string beans, per 2|
gallon bucket, 3 cents ; husking corn per dozen ears,
1 3ent. The processor should have $2.00 per day, the
capper $1.00, and the tipper less.

The following figures will enable one to estimate
how many busheds it will take to fill a certain number
of cans:

2 lb. cans. 3 lb. cani

1 bushel apples will fill 30 20

1 bushel string beans will fill 30 20

1 bushel blackberries will fill 50 33

1 biishel corn will fill 45

1 bushel peaches ^standard) will fill. .25 18

1 busliel peaches Tpie) will fill 45 30

1 bushed tomatoes will fill 24 18

Three pound cans will cost about $2.25 per hun-
dred. Two and one pound cans will cost less, of
course.

The freight on cans is rather heavy since our near-
est shipping point has been Baltimore. Now, I un-
derstand a can factory has been established in this
State at Buchannan. I strongly advisf starting a
small factory at first and then enlarge it as more ex-
perience is acquired. A great deal depends upon good
business management. Labor is one of the most cost-
ly items and this part of the business has to be looked

764

THE SOUTHERN PLANTER.

[December

after closely. But the profits are usually very sat-
isfactory with good management. I may discuss
this subject further in another number.

Montgomery County, Va. R. H. Price.

THE BITTER ROT OF APPLES.

We take the following advice as to treatment for
this disease from a Bulletin recently issued by the
Bureau of Plant Industry, Department of Agricul-
ture:

1. The bitter rot or ripe rot is one of the most seri-
ous diseases of apples. The loss due to this disease
in 1900 was estimated (for the United States) as
$10,000,000. It is one of the most difficult diseases
to control and is constantly on the increase.

2. The bitter rot is due to a fungus, Olomerella
rufomaculans (Bei'k.) Spaulding & von Schrenk,
hitherto generally known as Glceosporium fructige-
num Brk.

?>. This fungus until 1902 was known only in its
conidial stage on pomaceous fruits and grapes. The
perfect or ascus stage has since been discovered both
in cultures on fruits and in artificial cankers on the
apple limbs.

A: The fungus attacks ripening apples during July
and August, and is mcvst virulent during moist, hot
summers. It is most active on apples in the belt of
States on the line of the Ohio river, from Virginia on
the Atlantic Ocean to Oklahoma in the West, and
southward.

.5. During the past summer canker-like areas were
discovered on apple limbs from which the disease
seemed to spread. These cankers generally occurred
in the upper parts of trees and contained spores of the
bitter-rot fungus, as proved by direct inoculations into
apples.

fi. Inoculations into healthy apple limbs of bitter-
rot spores from pure cultiiros of the bitter-rot fungus
(made both from diseased apples and cankers) re-
sulted in the formation of cankers similar to those
found in the orchards. Spores from these cankers
])roduced the bitter rot in soiind fruits. This proves
beyond doubt that the bitter-rot fungus is the cause
of the cankers on apple limbs in the orchard.

7. The spores of the bitter-rot fungus are washed
from the cankers onto the apples below the cankers.
Spores are carried from tree to tree by insects, and
possibly by raindrops.

8. One of the best methods for combating this dis
ease will consist in carefully cutting out all cankers
during the winter. These should be burned at once;
All diseased apples on the ground or in the tree should
be collected and destroyed. As a further precaution,
trees should be sprayed with standard Bordeaux mix-
ture at least once before the buds open, and again fre-
quently from midsummer \intil the fruits are almost
ripe.

ORCHARDING.

F.ditor Southern Planter:

In setting an orchard, experience has proven that
it is best to head the trees low, that is, let the tree limb
out near the ground. It is best for several reasons. It
lirevents sun-scald of the body by shading the South
and Southwest sides of the trunk of the tree in spring,
summer and winter, and making a healthy body will
entirely eradicate the flat-headed borer, one of the
worst pests in the orchard which has not been properly
set.

I discovered while working in my father's orchard
in 1876, that trees headed low were healthy bodied
and free from flat-headed borers, while those headed
high were injured by the sun, and were invariably at-
tacked by this pest. Many articles have been written
about how best to fight this enemy. For more than
20 years I have not had this insect to contend with in
any of our orchards, amounting to over 2,000 acres.
Low headed trees entirely eradicated them. In order
lo get a low headed tree, we formerly had to raise our
o\\'n nursery stock. Now, yoiir nurserymen will pro-
vide you with a low headed tree, if you ask for it, and
I would not ]ilant any other.

To make a low head does not require a forked head.
Trim to make a centre. I will treat of trimming in
a future article. A forked tree will sooner or later
split in a wind storm, or when loaded with fruit. You
can prevent forks, and make a head with a centre
when they are small and thus let the trees start prop-
erlv. Another advantage in low headed trees is that
it prevents wind storms from topping or uprooting
them so easily. It also preserves part of the crop
from storms, as the limbs near the ground will be
loaded with fruit while the storm takes the top fruit
nearlv all off. Do not be afraid that the fruit will
not properly color. T have gathered more than a
barrel of fine apples resting on the ground from the
lower limb of a single tree. A low headed tree also
saves one-half the expense in picking, as most of the
fruit can be gathered while standing on the ground.
Another point to be observed in setting trees is with
reference to the direction of the prevailing winds.
To illustrate: Here in the Ozark our prevailing wind
is from the Southwest, and the hot sun on the orchard
in spring, summer and winter is from that direction.
Therefore to properly set trees, they should be lean-
ed to the Southwest about 20 degrees or more in set^
ting them, and the tree, before it reaches the age of
bearing will be perpendicular, if not leaning to the
Northeast. A tree planted perpendicular at the time
it is set will loan to the Northeast before it is bearing,
and thus be injured by sun scald as above stated. It
is, therefore, important in setting a tree to observe
this precaution.

A tree should be set in the orchard not deeper than
it stood in the nursery. There are several reasons
why this is best : not only to prevent the "root rot,"

1903.]

THE SOUTHERN PLANTER.

765

but to prevent other diseases, and also the aphis. A
tree set near the surface will not be so easily killed
by the ronnd headed or root borer, for when the tree
is set deep in the earth it is easily girdled and killed
by this insect, bnt if the roots start at the surface, this
borer will usually follow and kill but one root, and
the tree will throw out new rootlets, and the orchard
not die so readily from this pest.

A tree set properly with its roots near the surface
will seldom have aphis. It is best in settinsr your
trees to take about 10 or 15 pounds of tobacco dust
and place it in a large candy pail or tub full of water
and let it soak for a few hours, and just before set-
ting the young trees dip the roots in this solution ; it
is a preventive of aphis.

Springfield, Mo. S. A. Haset.tine.

SELF-STERILITY IN APPLES.

C. B. S.. V. S. DEPT. OF AORICUI.TUEE.

About ten years ago Prof. M. B. Waite called at-
tention to the absolute sterility of certain varieties
of pears when fertilized with their own pollen. Later
Prof. F. A. Waugh and others showed that all the
varieties of Japanese plums and practically all the
native American plums are self-sterile, and will not
bear any fruit whatever unless crossed with other
varieties. This work led to similar investigations
with apples and very interesting results have been
obtained. The Ben Davis apple, which proved self-
fertile at the Kansas Experiment Station, was found
entirely self-fertile at the Experiment Stations in
Rhode Island, Vermont and Canada. Even in Kan
sas, where 26 per cent, of the self -fertilized blossoms
set fruit, it was found that the self-pollinated fruit
was not so large or so vigorous as the fruits from
cross-fertilized blossoms on the same tree. Besides,
a much larger proportion of the self-fertilized fruits
dropped before they reached the size of a hazlenut
than of the cross-pollinated fruit.

The following aphabetical list shows the varieties
of apples that have thus far been found by actual
trial at one or more experiment stations to be self-
sterile : Arkansas Black, Belleflower, Astrachan,
Ben Davis, Blenheim, Canada Red, Early Ripe, Eng-
lish Russet, Fameuse, Fanny, Gilpin, Golden Pear-
main, Gravenstein, Grimes Golden, Hawley, Hunts-
man, King, Lily of Kent, Mammoth Black Twig,
Mann, Missouri Pippin, Nero, Northern, Northern
Spy, Paragon, Porter, Primate, Red Kennedy, Red
Streak, Ribston, Rhode Island Greening, Roseau,
Roxbury Russet, Spitzenberg, Stark, Staymen, Straw-
berry, Talman Sweet, Wealthy, Westfield, Williams
Favorite, Willow Twig and Winesap.

The following varieties have been found more or
less self-fertile and capable of producing some fruit
when standing alone, and not cross-pollinated: Alex-
ander , Astrachan, Baldwin, Ben Davis, Bough,
Cooper Early, Chenango, Early Harvest, E^sopus,

Fameuse, Jonathan, Jxily, Ontario, Rhode Island
Greening, Smith Cider, Smokehouse, Twenty-Ounce,
White Pearmain, Wine and Yellow Transparent.
With many of the varieties in this list not more than
one blossom in a hundred set fruit when self-fertil-
ized. With scarcely any was a good crop secured,
and in nearly every instance the fruit has been
smaller and less desirable than cross-pollinated fruit
The conclusion seems inevitable that large blocks of a
single variety of apples should never be planted. Va.
rieties should be intimately mixed in the orchard to
insure cross-pollination. These varieties should be
such as will blossom aboiit the same time and capable
of cross-fertilizing each other.

With respect to the latter point, Jonathan, Hunts-
man, fwid Cooper Early proved especially valuable as
pollenizers at the Kansas Experiment Station. Prof.
G. H. Powell at the Delaware Station found that
Paragon, Staymen, Winesap and Lily of Kent, all
weak pollen bearers except the latter, to be inter-
sterile, and should therefore never be planted together
in commercial orchards for the purpose of cross-polli-
nation. Further work along these lines to determine
what varieties bloom together and are most suitable
for pollenizing each other is very desirable. And
since varieties behave differently toward each other
in different sections of the country, these data should
be determined in many different localities. — Ameri-
can Agriculturist.

VIRGINIA CORN EXHIBIT AT ST. LOUIS.

As a further incentive to stimulate Virginia com
growers to make a creditable showing at the St. Louis
Exposition, the Virginia Commission have decided to
offer $120 in premiums as follows: $50 for the best
exhibit of corn, from any county to consist of ten or
more varieties of 100 ears each ; $30 for the next best
exhibit from any county, of ten or more varieties, and
$20 for the third best exhibit from any county, of ten
or more varieties, and $20 as before offered, for the
best one hundred ears sent in by any grower.

All corn competing, will be exhibited under the
competitors name, whether a prize winner or not, and
all exhibits sent in, must be sent with the understand-
ing that they are to become the property of the Com-
mission for this purpose. Competent judges will be
chosen to make the awards in this competition, and
notice of the winners will be published in the State
papers.

The Commission will pay freight charges on all
shipments, which should be packed in substantial
boxes or barrels and shipped by freight to Geo. E.
Murrell, Superintendent, No. 14 Governor street,
Richmond, Va.
Va. Com. to the Louisiana Puhohase Exposition.

Richmond, Ya., Oct. 2fi, 1903.

768

THE SOUTHERN PLANTER.

[December

Live Stock and Dairy.

THE DUAL PURPOSE cow.

In replying to an inquirer as to the relative merits
of different breeds of cattle, and especially as to the
Talue of Red Polls for the ordinary farmer in the
South, we remarked that cattle of this breed had
done what no other breed had done — viz., take first
premiums as beef cattle at a fat stock show, and first
premiums at a dairy show. Commenting on this
statement, the editor of Practical Farmer (Prof.
Massey), in a late issue of that journal, takes strong
groimd in favor of the keeping of breeds of cattle
bxed for specific purposes, and against the diyil pur-
pose cow. He remarks that "a jack of all trades
seldom is as good as one with a definite hobby, be it
a cow or man. Good dairy form and capacity in a
cow is an entirely different thing from good beef
form, and no one animal can have both types in per-
fection." Whilst there is a good deal of force in
what the editor says as to a jack of all trades, yet we
would remind liim that there is another type of man
who fills a very wide place in the world whilst not
essentially a specialist — viz., the man who "knows
something about everything, and everything about
something." So, in like manner, we think a cow
which meets the needs of a very large class of the
farmers of the country is a valuable cow, even though
she be not so specialized as to only perfectly fill one
place in the economy of the farm. Such a cow is the
dual piirpose cow, and that she can be found, the ex-
perience of English farmers and many in this coun-
try conclusively proves. The Breeder's Gazette says
this week that the supremacy of England in live stock
is unquestioned and unquestionable, yet we venture
the assertion without hesitation or fear of contradic-
tion, that more than three-fourths of the cattle in that
country are dual purpose cows. Our position on this
question of dual purpose cows cannot be better stated
than in the words of Prof. Thomas Shaw, one of the
best judge? and most experienced cattle men in this
country. He said in stating his position on the sub-
ject: "I believe in a special dairy cow. She includes
the Holstein. Dutch Pelted, Ayrshire, Guernsey, Jer-
sey, Erench Canadian, and Kerry of the pedigreed
breeds in America. Her place is on farms where
cattle are kept almost entirely for the dairy products,
which they furnish, or in the stable of the individual
who keeps but one cow. I believe in the special beef
cow. Her place is on the range or on the lar<re farm,
where circuinstances forbid the milking of the cows
by hand. Her domain in .\merica has probably

more than attained a maximum since large farms are
being divided. I believe in the dual purpose cow.
Her place is on the arable farm, where the farmer is
not a dairyman in the special sense, and where pro-
duction is sufficient to justify the rearing of steers for
l>eef. This means that there is a place for her on
probably two-thirds of the farms of the United States,
and that on these she can be reared more profitably
than either of the other two classes of cows. There
are in America five pedigreed breeds of dual purpose
cows. These are the Shorthorn, the Polled Durham,
the Bro^vn Swiss, the Red Poll, and the Devon. The
dual purpose cow is at present far more numerously
represented in tlie graded than in the pure bred form."
In England the dual purpose cow is most numer-
oiisly represented by the milking type of Shorthorn,
but the Red Poll comes as "good second." One or
other of these tvpes are to be found on almost every
farm. The pure dairy types are there only found
on few farms. The Jersey is almost solely confined
to the home farms of the great land owners and to
the small farms of gentlemen who keep them for a
domestic supply of butter. The dual purpose Short-
horns and Red Polls furnish nearly the whole supply
of milk for the great cities and to-vvns of that country,
and the farmers keeping them supply a very large
part of the steers which are fed for the meat supply of
those places, and also a great niimber every year of fat
cows and heifers which have failed to breed. This
is the beauty of these breeds in the eyes of the Eng-
lish farmer. If they fail to breed and become milk-
ers, they will make as good beef as the beef breeds,
and will do it profitably. A bull calf from one of
these cows is as readily and profitably made into veal
or into a feeding steer as a bull calf from any of the
beef breeds. Here, as there, no one wants a Jersey or
grade Jer-sey bull calf. He will neither make good
veal nor a profitable steer. Only a few days ago we
noticed a communication in the Breeders' Gazette
from a correspondent in ^lissouri complaining that
when the steer buyer comes around and asks for a
bunch of steers his first question is "Any Jerseys
among them ?" If you are unlucky enough to have a
Jersey or Jersey- Shorthorn steer the buyer will tell
vou he cannot use him or "you take that Jersey out,"
or I will give you $,5 less for that Jersey- Shorthorn
steer. If you ask the reason why. the answer is, "He
won't feed, a poor seller, spoils my other steers." This
is exactly the position of our farmers in the South-
They have got this Jersey blood so spread amongst

1903.]

THE SOUTHERN PLANTER.

767

the cattle here that instead of being able to supply a
large part of tlie feeding stock of the country we are
practically shut out from this market and have to
waste feed and time fitting these ill-favored animals
for local markets where they sell at about half the
price that a good steer ought to fetch. The great ma-
jority of our farmers cannot be dairymen if they
would. They are not so situated as t5 be able to mar-
ket the produce and if they were their entrance upon
the business would be the signal for such a drop in
the price of dairy products as would make the busi-
ness unprofitable. In the neighborhood of large
cities or where the farm is on the. direct road to North-
ern cities and not too far away from them, there is an
opening for dairying, and there the pure dairy breeds
should be kept, but speaking generally the type of
cow needed on the farms of the South is one which
will give an abundance of milk to supply the farmer's
family and hands and a few nearby people in the
small towns and will raise fat veals and good steer
calves for feeding. The Shorthorns and Red Polls
will do this and high grades of these types not hav-
ing any Jersey admixture of blood in them will be
almost as serviceable. Until our pastures and feeding
capacity are improved, we find by experience that the
Red Polls better meet our needs than even the Short-
horns. They are not such heavy cattle and have not
bepn so long accustomed to high living as the Short-
horns. Hence they do better on our thinner pastures
and coarser feed. In England the Shorthorns and
Shorthorn grades do better as thg pastures and feed
are there much better. We have kept Shorthorn
grades (high ones) in England that made 22 pounds
of butter per week giving over three gallons of milk
at a milking, and have made these cattle into fat beef
weighing from 1,200 to 1,500 pounds, and their bull
calves into steers weighing 1,500 or 1,600 pounds at
two and one-half years old. In this coimtry a grade
Shorthorn cow weighing 1.500 pounds in fair flesh
has given 9,628 pounds of milk in the year and made
43!) pounds of bvitter, and would at any time, when
dry, have made a 1,600 pound fat beef cow. Whole
herds of Red Polls in England have averaged 6,000
pounds of milk in the year and several cows have pro-
duced over 10,000 pounds of milk. In this coiintry
in the Red Poll herd of Capt. Hills, of Ohio, several
cows have produced over 10,000 pounds of milk in
the year and one cow produced 52,858 pounds of
milk in five years. Against steers of these two dual
breeds there is no discrimination by buyers. They
are as freely bought aa the steers of the true beef
breeds as it has been found that invariably they feed

as fast and as economically as those of any pure beef
breed, and the fat stock show records give them a
high place. On thin lands probably no better type
of a dual cow can be found than the Devon. She is
only small but she gives milk enough to make a fat
calf and supply a family, and will raise steer calves
that will feed into useful beef, and this at a mini-
mum cost for keep. What the Southern farmer gen-
erally needs now is cattle of this type. When farms
are more generally improved then he should take up
the pure beef breeds, and raise steers that the great
feeders want, or that he can feed himself into prime
beef for the great markets. These beef breeds wiU
give milk enough to raise their calves but no surplus
for the family or for sale. The dual breeds will do
both and do both profitably. The special bred cow
like the specialist amongst men has a place to fill but
that place whether for the cow or the man is not the
nlace to be found on the great majority of farms or
in the great mass of the people.

INOCULATION FOR TEXAS FEVER.

Editor Southern Planter:

Messrs. W. M. Watkins & Sons, of Charlotte coun-
ty, Va., seem to think, judging from their letter in
your November number, or attempt to try and show
that inoculation is nothing but a notion. I have tried
quantities of both, salts and sulphur, too. I venture
to say, of the 20 or 25 head of cattle lost from our
herd within the past two or three years from tick-
fever, that they had been treated to more than 100
pounds of salts, and quite a lot of sulphur. Nothing
is absolutely safe but inoculation and parties who
contemplate purchasing p\ire-bred cattle to carry into
ticky districts, should secure them now and have them
inoculated about the first of January and again the
first of March, and have this work done by a veteri-
narian of tick-fever experience. Salts and all other
remedies failed in case of Mr. R. F. Moss, of Booker,
Va., and likewise in case of the Norfleets at Roxobel,
N. C, and if others would testify from an honest p\>r-
pose, you would doubtless be surprised to know the
fatality from just nothing but ticks.

If parties who want immune cattle could see this
Angus bull, they would soon be convinced that he had
battled fearfully with ticks, for he bears the scars to
convince even the most doubtful. Aa a rule, when
you find a cow, sick with tick-fever, she is then too
far spent for salts or sulphur even should they be the
best of remedies.

Being thoroughly convinced of these facts as I have

768

THE SOUTHERN PLANTER.

[December

found them out and conclusively pro%'en them to be
true, I stand solidly on this rock, "Inoculation," and
with one before firmly feel :

"Come one, come all, this Rock shall fly,

From its firm base as soon as T^.' "
Halifax county, N. C. C. A. Williams.

LIVE STOCK SALES IN CHICAGO.

The American Swineherd of Chicago says that
market alone has received up to November 1st
4G2,000 cattle more this year than they did last, and
the receipts of hogs for the same period show a short-
age of 400,000 as compared with the same time last
year, and this applies to one market only.

FORAGE CROPS AND PORK PRODUCTION.

It is well known that swine are healthiest and do
best when given plenty of exercise and kept in sani-
tary surroundings. The hog in a state of nature is a
clean animal, feeding on grass and herbs and having
his lair in some secluded, well drained spot. He also
is careful about his domestic habits — a strange con-
trast to the degraded creatures which are so often
found shut up in filthy pens by indifferent owners.
Where such conditions prevail it is not surprising to
find hog cholera a dreaded scourge. If these same
animals were given the run of a large pasture, chol-
era would soon disappear and they would become
healthy, contented animals paying a handsome profit
to the o^vner. There is no section of the countrv
where some grazing crops cannot be had throughout
the greater part of the year. Where bluegrass or
other tame grasses and red or alfalfa clover can be
had, they are excellent for the purpose, though thev
will probably not fatten animals so rapidly as a good
succession of crops such as can be grown in manv
localities. In this respect the south is particularly
favored, for a succession of crops can be had from
seven to nine months of the year, or throtighout the
entire year, if one includes the winter growing ce-
reals. If a succession is properly planned it is quite
possible to put young hogs on grazing crops in the
spring and with a limited amount of meal, finish
them for the market by November or December; in
other words, in a seven to nine months' grazing period.
This means the production of extremely cheap pork.

The grazing exjieriments here discussed were com-
menced in June, 1002, at the Tennessee experiment
station and were concluded in November the same
year. They are initial and subject to modification.
The succession of crops used was winter oats, .Tune 2
to July 10: cowpeas, September 3 to October 7, and
soy beans from October 7 to November 8. The hog#
were put on the oats when the grain was just coming'

into head and were not turned off until it was dead
ripe. They were put on the first lot of cow peas
when the plants were vining and were turned off when
it was in full bloom. They went on the sorghum when
it was in early bloom and were turned off when it was
dead ripe. When placed on the second lot of cowpeas
the pods were beginning to form ; when taken off there
were many ripe pods. When put on the soy beans the
pods were well formed and the plants were dead ripe
before the hogs were removed.

Six pigs were run on the crops mentioned. While
on oats and cowpeas they received corn meal ; while
on sorghum and matured cowpeas they received wheat
meal : and while on the soy beans, com meal. The
meal was fed at the rate of one pound per head per
day. The gain of the individual hogs was as follows:
On oats one-half pound, on young cowpeas one-half
pound, on sorghum one-quarter pound ; on matured
co^vpeas one-half pound ; on soy beans 0.8 pound. The
six pigs weighed 240 pounds when they went on these
crops and 745 pounds when they came off. With hogs
of the M-eight indicated, an acre of oats would have
fed six pigs 248 days or 82 hogs 15 days.

An acre of coAvpeas just vining would have fed six
pigs 187 days: sorghum, six pigs C7 days: cowpeas,
six pigs 113 days: soy beans, six pigs for 124 days.
This would be at the rate of 643 pounds of pork from
an acre of oats ; 5G2 pounds from an acre of partially
ripened cowpeas ; 400 pounds from sorghum ; 366
pounds from matured cowpeas, and 600 pounds from
soy beans. Had corn meal been fed with the cowpeas
when nearly matured, they would doubtless have
made a much better gain than that indicated.

These fact? show beyond the question of reasonable
doubt that soiling crops can be utilized to the great-
est advantage in the production of pork in the middle
south, and that a large amount of pork can be secured
from an acre <^{ land with a very small consumption
of grain. A. M. Soule.

Exp. Station, Tenn.

CATTLE QUARANTINE IN VIRGINIA.

The State Veterinarian issues the following notice
to cattlemen, railroad companies and others doing
business in Virginia:

Blacksefbo, Va., Nov. 12. 1903.

From November 1, 1003, to January 31, 1904, in-
clusive, cattle from the quarantined district of the
State of Virginia may be moved for purposes other
than immediate slaughter to the non-infected area
within the State of Virginia, after inspection and
upon written permission by an inspector of the Bu-
reau of Animal Industry, or a duly authorized in-
spector of the State of Virginia.

The following bureau inspectors vnU inspect cattle
at the points named below, viz. :

1903.]

THE SOUTHERN PLANTER

769

Dr. J. IL Goode, at Roanoke, Va. ; Dr. G. C. Fa-
ville, at Norfolk ; Dr. Yingist, at Union Stock Yards,
Riclunond, and Dr. D. C. Han await, at Lj-nchburg,
Va.

If the Boards of Supervisors of the different coun-
ties wish to have local men appointed to do this in-
specting, in order to move cattle to the non-infected
area of this State (said local inspectors to be ap-
pointed at the expense of the counties where the in-
specting is done), then the names and addresses of
these men who are recommended by the supervisors
to do this work, should he sent to the office of the State
Veterinarian, at Blacksburg, Va., at once, in order
that said local inspectors may be instructed, duly
authorized and appointed by the Board of Control of
the State of Virginia to inspect cattle from the quar-
antine district of the State, and when said cattle are
found to have no ticks on them, then the inspector
may give a written permission allowing these cattle
to be moved across the quarantine line.

J. G. FERNEvnouGir,
Slate Veterinarian.

A BIT OF THE RANGE.

Editor Southern Planter:

Channing next boss ! A gentle shake by Sam and
then — as the patient fails to realize the situation — a
more vigorous shake, this does the business. The
"tenderfoot" is on his feet and has his toilet complete
just as the train pulls into the pretty little town of
Channing, Texas, way up in the Pan Handle and
right pretty it certainly was that November morning
at 2 :30 with the full moon shining as the moon shines
only on the great plains. Making his way to the hotel
to finish that nap the writer finds the concern has
changed hands since last winter, the jolly Irishman
has given place to a more staid Yankee, but the bell
boy is the same and with a fist in his sleepy eye he
welcomes us in true Texas style. We are soon tucked
away in a cosy bed there to remain a couple of hours,
then up and breakfast before day. Stepping into the
office after breakfast we were greeted with "Hello, Mr.
French I had to come back again did you ?" Turning
I was glad to see Mr. Bob Duke, foreman of the "Rito
Blanco" division of the great X. I. T. ranch. A jolly
good fellow is Bob. A cow man every inch of him.
Soon Col. Boyce, the hustling manager, comes in.
After he has told a couple of his good stories and we
have used up considerable of N. C. tobacco he re-
marks, "The boys are saddling up and as you are go-
ing out with them would you prefer to travel in the
buggy or on horseback V What a question to ask a
North Carolinian even if he is an adopted son. I
chose the saddle, of course, and so "Pinto" was
brought out — he being well along in years and in the
opinion of the boys perfectly safe for the "Tender-

foot" to ride. A brisk canter of four miles and wo
were at the gate opening into the first large pasture —
fifty square miles in extent. Just as the sun
peaks above the- horizon we halt and Bol
gives his orders. "Charlie, you and Jim work
left front, Hank you take left centre, George,
Tom and I will work right. Mr. French, you
can work center, we will round at four mile — a wind
mill four miles from the starting point." Then out
they circle, and who that has not been there can realize
what it means to gather in a "round up" all the cattle
on fifty square miles of range. In the course of an
hour or two black cattle are appearing in groups on
the horizon, the work goes on and by noon what a
sight! Enough to swell an Angus man until he
"busts" the buttons off his vest. Eight himdred shiny
black beasts coming in lines from all directions as if
they knew what was wanted and were out looking for
that particular wind mill. Soon they were all in the
bunch and seven cow boys in a circle about them. Bob
remarks, "Seeing that horse fellow — the boy with the
bimch of G5 horses from which to select remounts for
the boys' afternoon work — isn't in sight yet we had
better kill a beef so we will have something for din-
ner." Suiting the action to the word he uncoils his
rope and that red calf which ought to have been bom
black anyway, is soon on the gallop across the plains
toward the chuck wagon, making a good deal of noise,
I will admit, but game to the last, and doing much
better than would most of tis in his place. The cook
meets him a few rods from the wagon, "falls on his
neck" and in fifteen minutes the boys had beef for
dinner, and such beef, beef the like of which only an
Angus knows how to produce and a plainsman knows
how to cook. The chuck wagon at about 1 o'clock was
one of the prettiest sights the writer ever looked upon.
AnyAvay it appealed to him in a manner to be remem-
bered. ' The boys seemed to see beatity in it also. By
the way they come on the gallop at the signal from
Jack, the cook, and Jack can cook. The writer hopes
—on account of his health— to never again be
tempted with such hot rolls, roast beef, pork and
beans, baked yams, boiled potatoes, coffee, etc., as
Jack set before us. Take it away, boys, was the sig-
nal for everv man to get a tinplate, knife and fork,
spoon and tin cup, and then— T blush at the memory,
and for hours afterward felt for that Angus calf.
After doing justice to Jack's dinner the writer's rea!
iL'orlc begtm, as one hundred and twenty top two year
old heifers were to be cut out of that mass of eigi:t
hundred before night. Cutting individual wild cat-
tle oitt of a large bimch is no boy's play. One must
select the animal he wants, follow her closely with
his horse in and out through the surging mass, grad-

770

THE SOUTHERN PLANTER.

[December

ually work her to the outside, then with a touch of the
horse with the spur he dashes between the heifer and
her mates, by dodging and whirling manages to run
h»T several rods away, when a couple of the boys give
chase and run her to the new bunch that is being
formed. This process is gone through with in the case
of the one hundred and twenty head, and just at night
fall we start them off toward their "bedding ground"
— where they are to be guarded for the night, which
place is near where the chuck wagon is stationed. The
said chuck wagon had been in the writer's thoughts
for some time previous and his mind had strayed back
to the subject at more frequent intervals for the past
hour. We welcomed Jack as a brother and were soon
doing justice to an excellent supper, having been
joined a few moments before by several of the boys
from one of the southern divisions of the ranch. We
make a merry crowd. A prize is offered to the man
who can tell the biggest lie. In this contest the writer
got nearly to the "head of the class."

Soon Bob said it was time to turn in. Each man
pulled his roll of bedding from the top of the wagon.
A long strip of canvass, 6x14 feet, three woolen
blankets and a thin feather "tick" is the outfit for
each man. The end of the canvass is laid on the
ground, the tick on that, one blanket under the sleeper
two blankets the other end the canvass over and the
bed is made. Bob and I sleep together. "Better pull
that canvass over your head, Alf., it will be d — d
frosty before morning." We followed instructions
and after taking this precaution found Bob had told
the truth about the weather. Along in the night we
were awakened by the worst noise imaginable. In-
quiring Avhat's the trouble was informed that it is
Jack calling us to breakfast. The writer has often
wished for a more extensive wardrobe but can truth-
fully say one pair of trousers was all he cared to have
to pull on that cold morning. In about thirty min-
uter we had dispatched our breakfast, then — by that
time it being light enough so we could see the cattle —
the bunch was started for the railway, twelve miles
distant. There they were rested until the following
morning when just before day they were loaded on
the cars and the long trip, eighteen hundred and fifty
miles, was begun. Eleven days later we arrived at a
little station in North Carolina. Borrowing a neigh-
bor's horse the writer unloaded the "blacks" and drove
tliem four miles in a pouring rain. On arriving be-
fore a certain house we were greeted with "Papa's
come! Papa's come!" and the cow hoy and girl of
to-morrow arrived on the scene.

After all, there really is "no place like home."
Rockingham Co., N. 0. A. L. Eeench.

THE WORLD'S YEARS BUTTER FAT RECORD
BROKEN.

Oharmante of the Gron, No. 14442, was imported
by Mr. H. McK. Twombly in 1901 from the herd of
Mr. E. A. Hambro of Kent, England. She was
dropped July 7, 1896, and is registered on the Island
as 3944 P. S., R. G. A. S. Her sire is His Majesty
952 P. S., R. G. A. S., known in England as MaChar-
mante 4890 E. G. H. B. She was bred by Mr. J.
Bourgaize, Gron, St. Savior's, Guernsey. Charmante
of the Gron is a very well marked cow, of good dairy
conformation, with excellent udder, and a great credit
to the breed and to Mr. Twombly's choice herd. She
dropped a bull calf October 6, 1902, and he is devel-
oping into an animal of much promise and is known
as Florham King, No. 8401.

Her year's record began October 11th, 1902, and
the requirements for her admission to The Advanced
Register were 10,000 pounds milk; 300 pounds but-
ter fat. The results of her year's work are as follows :

Milk. , Butter Fat. ,

Lbs. Per Ct. Lbs.

October 11-31, 693.56 4.9 33.98

November 1,194.94 5.3 63.33

December 1,142.25 5.4 61.68

January 1,1 21.06 6.1 68.38

February 1,019.25 5.7 58.10

March 1,108.50 5.6 62.10

April 997.40 6.0 59.84

May 1,078.20 6.2 60.85

June '.1,013.00 5.6 50.72

Julv 864.85 5.7 49.30

Au^st 769.45 5.7 43.86

September 710.25 6.0 42.62

October 1-10, 162.05 6.0 9.72

This record was supervised in connection with the
New Jersey Agricultural Experiment Station. Not
only does the work of the year greatly exceed the re-
quirements of the Register, but it is the best year's
record of a cow of any breed in the world, where pub-
lic supervision has been given same. It is equivalent
to 789.2 pounds of butter, or an average of 2.16
pounds butter a day.

Mr. Jos. L. Ho]ie, the able superintendent of Mr.
Twombley's Florham Farms gives the following data
as to the feed consumed by the cow during the year.

Bran 1726 lbs.

Gluten 833 "

Cotton seed meal 160 "

Linseed meal 134 "

Corn meal 58 "

Middlings 58 "

Total 2969 lbs., or 8 lbs. a day.

This record is certainly a credit to the cow and her
ovmer, and to the careful management which Mr.
Hope has given her. Wm. H. Caldwelx.

1903.]

THE SOUTHERN PLANTER.

771

The Poultry Yard.

GRAIN FOODS FOR LAYING HENS.

With the object of comparing the values of differ-
ent kinds of grain as foods for laying hens, some in-
teresting experiments have been carried out diiring
the past few years under the direction of the Techni-
cal Instruction Committee of the Cornwall Co. Coun-
cil. Thirty pullets were selected and divided into
six pens of five birds each. The nature of the food
given to each pen of five pullets and the number of
eggs laid is shown in the statement below :

No. eggs laid
Food. in 12 months

Half maize and half oats 732

Wheat 723

Maize 648

Two-thirds oats and one- third maize 633

Oats 545

Barlev 447

number of eggs laid in the twelve months was no less
than 187, or 34 per cent, in excess of the number laid
in the pen fed on oats alone.

Oats, therefore, proved an admirable poultry food
when mixed with an equal weight of maize, but the
value of this mixture was reduced when the propor-
tion of oats to maize exceeded one-half. The supe-
riority of this mixture over all other foods in these
experiments is emphasized by taking the figures for
the year ending 31st of March last. In this period,
Pen 1, wheat alone, yielded 561 eggs; Pen 6, maize
alone, yielded 546 e^^s ; and from Pen 5, mixture of
half maize and half oats, 701 eggs were obtained. —
The Farmers' Gazette.

Broadly speaking, all the pens which received
maize held relatively better positions during the last
nine months of the experiments than in the first three.
The pen fed on wheat laid seventy-one eggs more than
either of the other pens in the first three months, but
fell to second position with only four eggs more than
the pen fed on maize in the last nine months, and
eighty-four less than those fed on half maize and half
oats. Though wheat lost ground relatively to cer-
tain other foods, during the latter part of the experi-
ment, it was considered not improbable that it might
generally prove, as shown in the experiment, the bet-
ter food during the first three months of the year.
This point appeared to be of such importance that ar-
rangements were made to continue the experiments in
the first three months of 1903, with the three pens
Nos. 1, 5 and 6, around which special interest cen-
tered. The results of these latter experiments are
shown below :

No. eggs laid

Food. in 3 months.

!Maize 117

"Wlieat 128

Half maize and half oats 184

It is held that if the results of these experiments
are adverse to the adoption of any theory as to the
proper ratios of nitrogenous to non-nitrogenous sub-
stance, they throw some light on the question as to
the value of the different grains. This is especiallv
true of barley and oats when used alone. Pen 4, with
one-third maize substituted for the oats, laid eighty-
eight eggs more in the twelve months than Pen 3, fed
on oats only, and when the percentage of maize was

still further raised to one-half, the difference in the January and February.

EGG-LAYING BREEDS COMPARED.

One of the most elaborate egg-laying competitions
on record was recently brought off in Australia. In
this test, which was conducted under government aus-
pices, over 40 lots of pullets competed. Each lot of
birds was provided with a pen of 6 feet by 5^ feet,
where the birds were kept and fed for six months.
The prizes were offered both for number and weight
of the eggs produced ; an account was kept of the cost
of feeding as well as the market value of eggs.

The 246 hens competing averaged 57 eggs per hen,
but the largest number laid was by a variety known
as the Imperial, each hen of this breed producing 71
eggs. Six pens of Silver Wyandottes averaged 70 ;
eight pens of Black Orpingtons, 65 ; and five lots of
Buff Orpingtons but a few points below, nearly 65 ;
then followed Buff Wyandottes, AVhite Leghorns,
Golden Wyandottes, White Wyandottes, and White
Orpingtons, the older breeds — the Andalusians and
the Minoreas — coming last with less than 40 eggs.

So much for the breeds, but when we come to indi-
vidual pens of birds we find that the black Orping-
tons took the first place ; a lot of six pullets at seven
months old at starting laying 548 eggs, averaging 26
oiinces to the dozen]. Silver Wyandottes at eleven
months old laid 510 eggs, weighing 23 oiinces per
dozen ; the remaining breeds producing egffs weighing
two ounces each, with the exception of the Anconas,
whose eggs weighed 26 ounces to the dozen. It i8
worthy of notice thnt throughout the whole of the
competition the value of the eggs laid was $1.56 per
hen, which after deducting the cost of the food left a
profit of 88 cents each, the winning Black Orpingtons
realizing a profit of $2.18 per head. Nine pens of
birds laid less than 400 eggs in the six months; the
most productive month being September, followed
bv July and August, corresponding with our March,

772

THE SOUTHERN PLANTER.

[December

The Horse.

NOTES.

At Montezeuma Farm, the country place of City
Sergeant James C. Smith, in Henrico county, near
the city, the liorses are doing nicely. Trainer M. F.
Hanson has them in charge. The stable includes
Clarion, 2:15|, b. g., by Riissell Rex, d. Helice, by
Nerval ; Estuary, 2 :19^,"ch. h., by Expedition, 2 :i5il,
dam Wavelet, 2:24^, by Belmont; Eliza Ingram,
2:20^, ch. m., by John R. Gentry, 2:00^, dam Blon-
dette, dam of Governor Holt, 2:1.5, by Leland; Hul-
man, 2 :20, br. g., by Quartermaster, dam Winnie D.,
by Hannis; Miss Thompson, 2 :20i, br. m., by Too-
dles, Jr., dam Primrose, by Hetzel's Hambletonian ;
Luminant,h., m., 3, by Hummer, dam Lizzie Mills,
by P. Homer; Zack, ch. g., +, by Sidney Prince,
2:21|, dam Thrift, dam Admiral, 2 :17i and of Wil-
lie Shaw, 2 :29:]-, by Meander; Dr. Floyd, b. g., 5, by
Sidney Prince, dam, the dam of Albert C, 2:16i, by
Clay ; bay colt, 1, by Toodles, Jr., dam Virginia
Cooper, Ijy Bourbon Baron, second dam Virginia
Maid, dam of ifosul, 2:0!1|; Ginger, ch. m., 4, by
Guy Fly, dam Virginia Cooper; Ephriam Toodles,
b. c, 4, by Toodles, Jr., dam Baby Dean, by Willis,
and Flower, bay mare, pony, by Toodles, Jr.

Ephraim Toodles, the bay colt, four years old, by
Toodles, Jr., 2.5291, dam "Baby Dean, by Willis,
1 2223, son of Jay Bird ; bred and owned by James C.
Smith, is probably held in higher regard than any
other trotter in the IMontf^zpuma Farm stable. Mr.
Smith has owned and campaigned ]\rosul, 2 :09^ ; Ros-
ter, 2 :12|, and a score of others with fast marks, but
this scion of the Toodles family on the score of good
looks, speed, steadiness and disposition, comes nearer
the ideal at !Montezeuma than all the rest. Weighted
down by a name likely to handicap the average per-
former Ephraim Toodles trotted the Deep Run Hunt
track in 2 :20 last season as a three year old and came
the last half, which is an uphill grade, in 1 :07^, and
finished strong at that. C. A. Pusoy drove him. The
youngster has not been handled this season, but will
be jogged regiilarly during the winter and go into ac-
tive training again next spring, when if he keeps
right much is expected of him. Baby Dean, the dam
of this colt, was bred by Mr. Joseph Bryan at I^abur-
num Farm, as was the second dam Jennie Dean, by
King Bolt, son of Lexington, by Boston ; and Zopyra,
the third dam, by Staunton, son of Red Eye, also, by
Boston, while the fourth dam was Jennie Dean, a
daughter of Boston.

Jit Jit J»

Baby Dean, the dam of Ephraim Toodles, was rid-

den through the war by ilr. Bryan and was noted for
her endurance. Rather a remarkable feature in the
pedigree of Ephraim Toodles is that he traces directly
to Boston 4 times through his dam, while through the
sire, Toodles, Jr., a son of Odin Bell, 1409 and from
Kate Flight, by Red Hawk, son of Red Eye, he gets
another cross to that famous son of Timoleon. This
is breeding which will doubtless be approved by those
partial to copious infusions of thoroughbred blood.

George M. Harden, of Raleigh, one of the best
known of North Carolina horsemen, has returned
home after quite a successful campaign through the
^Maryland, Virginia and North Carolina circuits of
fairs and race meetings. AVith Petronel, 2:19:}, by
Expedition, 2:1.5jj', dam Petrol, by Onward, he won
the last six races in which she started and the big
chestnut mare is still eligible to the 2 :20 class. The
bay mare Amyline, record 2 :30 this season, purchased
not long siTice of Richard Cromwell, Jr., Baltimore,
has trialed in 2 :20| and seems likely to trot fast with
further development. She has raised two colts. Amy-
line was sired by Egwood, 2 :18^, dam the great brood
mare Virginia Maid, dam of Mosiil, 2:09^, etc., by
Sam Purdy. The bay gelding Sweet Hector, by Di-
rector, dam Sweet Alca, by Alcazar, is being driven
on the road. John Trotwood Moore, the Tennessee
bred pacer, bay stallion, 4, by Hal Wooldridge,
worked a mile in 2:22. quarters in 31 .V seconds, but
was not started this season, but was kept over and
should do to campaign in 1904.

Jt Jt Jt

Robert Bradley's stable of runners has done pretty
well at Chicago this season, being credited with win-
ning about $13,000. Racing for the season has ended
at the "Windy City" and the stable is now at the Ben-
nings track, Washington, D. C, taking part in the
meeting of the Washington Jockey Club. Peter Paul,
the two year old son of Aloha and Eminence, by imp.
Kkyrle Daly, wht> was such a consistent winner dur-
ing the early part of the season, is being given a well
earned rest and ^fr. Bradley looks upon him as the
winner of the C^hicago Derby for 1904. From Wash-
ington the stable will be shipped to the Bradley Farm,
Wilcox Wharf, Va., and wintered there. Among l^^r.
Bradlev's yearlings, most of Avhom are by Aloha, the
sire of Robert Waddell, are some prospects and from
the lot hi^ looks for several real good ones, probably
the equal of Peter Paul.

The Virginia Polytechnic Institute Riding Club

1903.J

THE SOUTHEEI^ PLANTER.

773

has recently been organized at Blacksburg, Va., and
its future outlook is bright. Later this organization
will be most likely merged into a hunt club. Dr. J.
G. Ferneyhough, the State Veterinarian at Blacks-
burg, is president; Prof. Bolton McBryde, vice-pres-
ident; Maj. T. G. W(X)d, secretary and treasurer.
Among those who ride with the club are Professors
McBryde, Wilson, Dabney, Moncure, Ferneyhough,
Dr. Ferneyhough, Mr. Dabney, Cadet R. E. Ferney-
hough, -^laj. ^Yood, Mrs. Rasche and Misses Virginia
and Picket Heath, Ethel Lockwood, Susie McBryde
and Claude Lacy. Dr. Ferneyhough, president of the
club, has recently purcha.sed for a hunter, the hand-
some thoroughbred gelding by Eric, dam Gipsey Girl,
and changed his name from Commonwealth to Tem-
pest.

J( Jt Jt

A very prominent performer on the great Harlem
River Speedway, N"ew York, is the chestnut gelding
Angelus, 2 :1'2^, a Virginia bred trotter, who was
foaled in 1891 and made his record at Cleveland in
1806. This tall son of the dead pacing stallion Whit-
by, 2 :18^, and Winnifred, by Brennan, thoroughbred
son of Orion, was bred by the late Thomas M. Hewitt,
of North Bend Farm, near Weyanoke. on the James
river, and was always speedy from his yearling form
up. Neilson, grand dam of Angelus, produced the
big bay gelding Roy, 2 :30, the only standard per-
former to the credit of Carlos, the son of Crottendon
that formerly headed the stud of the late Col. J. L.
Carrington. Neilson was sired by Star of the West,
son of Curies, by Revenue, and back of this thorougli-
bred infusion came a cross of Morgan blood.

Jay Boy, 31144, the big bay stallion by Wilkes
Boy, o-rnied by E. A. Woodell, formerly of Danville,
Va., but now of Atlanta, Georgia, is in winter quar-
ters near the latter city. Jay Boy trotted a trial in
2:15:| in 1902, but trained off and was never able to
shoM- his true form in a race. The son of Wilkes Boy,
however, made good this fall and won a couple of
races during the same week at Birmingham, Ala., in
October and trotted to a record of 2 :22-|. Jay Boy
was foaled in 1894 and bred by J. W. Bethell, of
Sharp, N. C, who o-\\nied his dam Lena Wilkes, a
daughter of Jay Bird and Patchena, by Mambriuo
Patehen, .')8.

^ J» Jt

Mr. A. B. Gwathmey. of New York, has sold to E.
E. Taylor, Washington, D. C, the fast trotter Forney,
2 :194 ; bred on the Eastern Shore of Virginia, and
sired by Sidney Prince, dam by Bendee. When just
right this horse can show a half close to one minute
and has stepped shorter distance at even faster rate
of speed. Mr. Gwathmey was not over anxious to
part with Forney, but owning Tiverton. 2 :llr| : Sena-
tor Mills, 2 :12i. king of the Harlem River Speed-

way, and other crack performers, he consented to dis-
pose of the Sidney Prince gelding.
^ j» j»

The stable of steeplechase horses, eleven in num-
ber, o^^^^ed by the former Virginians, Messrs. A. B.
and J. Temple Gwathmey, father and son, of the Cot>
ton Exchange, New York, who race under the non de
plume of "Mr. Cotton," has been sent to Canada to
be wintered. The Messrs. Gwathmey's- stable in
eludes the well kno'wn brown gelding Eophone, 6, by
imp. Rigolette, dam Vestalia, by Tom Ochiltree, bred
by Robert Neville. Welbo\irne, Va.

Sidney Clay, bay gelding, 4, bred on the Eastern
Shore of Virginia, and sold during the summer from
Foxhall Farm, Norfolk, Va., to E. E. McCargo, of
Philadelphia, is showing up well in his work, having
recently shown miles close to 2 :15. This horse was
sired by Sidney Prince, 2 :21:}, dam Miss Clay, by
Clay, the son of Walker Morrill. He is highly
thought of by Mr. McCargo, who found him very
erratic in the beginning, but has now gained his con-
fidence and looks for the gelding to go very fast in

1904.

jt j( jt

"West Cairns," the picturesque home of the young
authors, students of pedigrees and breeders of thor-
oughbred horses, Kenneth Browne and H. B. Boone,
near Charlottesville, has been leased by its o^vners
for a couple of years. Mr. Browne has removed to
New York to continue literary work, and Mr. Boone
goes to Italy, where he will study art. Messrs. Browne
and Boone own the stallion Chiswick, son of imp.
Mr. Pickwick, and some choicely bred brood mares
and colts.

^ ^ jt

White Oak Maid, the high stepping trottingbred
mare, with whom Mr. Reginald Vanderbilt captured
several prizes at the New York Horse Show, was pur-
chased during the past winter by Mr. Vanderbilt
from Jack Spratley, Dendron, Va. The latter ob-
tained the mare in Kentucky and brought her to his
farm in Sussex county, Va.

At the fall meeting of the Los Angeles Racing As-
sociation, Los Angeles, Ca., the Virginia thorough-
bred sires, Eon and imp. Water Level, were each rep-
resented by winners of the races. Eon heads the
stud of Capt. R. J. Hancock i^- Son, while Water Level
is premier at the Annita Stud, of A. D. Payne.
jt J* jt

The EUerslie bred filly, Chanterelle, 4, by imp.
Charox\is, dam Ada Belle, by Eolus, has won several
races at Latonia this fall. Chanterelle started in a
number of races during 1903, winning three and fin-
ishing second and third in some half dozen others.

Broad Rock.

T74

THE SOUTHERN PLANTER.

[Eecember

Miscellaneous.

THE GREAT ROANOKE FAIR.

Editor Southern Planter:

Although rather late a few words should be pub-
lished in the Southern Planter in regard to the first
fair of the Roanoke Industrial and Agricultural As-
sociation, which was held at Roanoke, Va., on Octo-
ber 23-24. We had expected the editor of your val-
uable journal to accompany Governor Montague to
the fair, and to have had the pleasure of reading an
account of this great exposition of Southwestern Vir-
ginia's resources from his smooth-flowing editorial
pen. In this, however, we were all disappointed;
and then in the following week, after all the accounts
and expenses, including premiums, had been settled,
it was too late to send a report for publication in your
November issue.

It may be said, however, that the fair was a great
success in every respect. Certainly, financially, for
a profit of several thousand dollars was made. We
doubt if a better attended fair was ever held in Vir-
ginia. The grounds were thronged every day, and
immense audiences heai'd Senator Daniel, on Thurs-
day, and Governor Montague on Saturday.

The horse display comprised horses for breeding
purposes, standard-bred trotters, heavy drafts, saddle
horses, coach and carriage horses, light draft, trot-
ting-bred non-standard, dray, express and fire horses,
family carriage horses, horses for business and pleas-
ure, saddle horses, roadsters, ponies, mules, jacks and
jennets.

Virginia and West Virginia were represented in
the cattle department by their choicest specimens of
the beef breeds. S. W. Anderson, of Greenbrier
county. West Virginia, showed his fine Ingleside herd
of pure-bred Hereford cattle, at the head of which was
the noted bull, "Van."

Shorthorn, Aberdeen- Angus and Hereford cattle
were exhibited by the Agricultural Department of the
Virginia Polytechnic Institute, of Blaeksburg, Va.,
through the courtesy of D. 0. Nourse, Professor of
Agriculture. The thoroughbred bull, "Governor Ty-
ler," which di-ew first premium over seven herds at
the district fair held this fall at Radford, Va., headed
the Shorthorns from this institution, which also had
on exhibition the thoroughbred Aberdeen-Angus biill,
"Fife."

Recistered Holstein-Eriesian cattle were shown by
C. T. Lukens, B. P. HuflF and Joseph A. Turner. At
the head of the herd of registered Herefords, entered

by Haynes L. Morgan, of Saltville, Va., was the fine
bull, "Marmaduke." There were also a number of
head of Jersey, Devon, Ayrshire, Guernsey and other
dairy breeds on exhibition.

For cereals, root crops, vegetables, fruit, plants
and flowers, as also for poultry, large tents were pro-
vided, the time having been too short for the erection
of buildings. The display in each of these depart-
ments was creditable.

In a room, 50 by 1 50 feet, under the grand stand,
were the art and domestic departments.. The former
in addition to paintings, drawings, crayon work, etc.,
included needlework and embroidery. The domestic
department embraced bread, cakes and pastry, butter,
preserves, jellies, honey and vegetables and fruit in
glass jars, as also home-made wines and cordials.
These departments were in charge of ladies, by whom
the room had been most elaborately and beautifully
decorated.

Agricultural implements and machinery, farm
wagons, plows, traction engines, portable saw-mills,
farm gates and fences and miscellaneoiis farm neces-
sities covered several acres in the northeastern comer
of the grounds. The leading manufacturers of the
country were represented.

The races — trotting, pacing and running — were
very attractive, and the large grand stand, the quar-
ter-stretch, and every advantage point from which the
hotly contested races coiild be seen, were crowded.
0. M. C, a Baltimore horse entered by William Nich-
olson, of Greensboro, N. f '., established a track record
of 2 :t5^ for the new course. An unfortunate acci-
dent occurred in the seven-eighths mile dash, when the
chestnut mare, "Flat Denial," owned by 0. E. Jor-
dan, of Dublin, Va., broke a leg and had to he killed.

The ladies' and gentlemen's riding contests were
exceedingly interesting events. Eight ladies, of the
host families of that section of Virginia, competed in
the former. The blue ribbon, which carried with it
prizes of over $100 in value, went to Miss Louise
Price, of Botetourt county, a most graceful rider.
l\f iss Vorta Phelps, of Cave Spring, took second ; and
Mrs. Cosby, of Roanoke county, third. Colonel W.
W. Berkley, a dashing rider, was awarded the blue
ribbon in the gentlemen's contest, with Dr. Bragg
second.

The undorsiijiied, who came from Pennsylvania to
officiate as manager, had the benefit of the liberality
and indefatisahle energv of the officers and executive

1903.]

THE SOUTHEEN PLANTER

775

committee, so indispensable to the achievement of suc-
cess. It was their perseverance and co-operation that
resulted in the equipment of the new fair grounds in
the almost incredible time of six weeks. In that time
the grounds were enclosed with a 14-foot high fence
which measured one and a half miles around ; a first-
class half-mile track was constructed ; a commodious
grand-stand, with seats for 1,600 persons built, sev-
eral hundred horse stables and cattle stalls provided,
the box stalls for the trotting horses being especially
fine ; and macademized walks were laid out all over
the place. But, then, the weather was very favorable,
there having been rain only twice, and then at night,
during the six weeks.

The officers and executive committee who labored
so hard to bring about success, and who are deserving
of particular commendation, are as follows: Presi-
dent, James P. Woods : Vice-President, Edward L.
Stone; Secretary, W. L. Andrews; Treasurer, R. H.
Angell, and P. H. Angell, A. L. Sibert, Louis Scholz,
J. H. Wingate and Henry Scholz, members of the
Executive Committee. Cykus T. Fox.

[Pressure of business prevented out attendance at
the fair much to our regret. We congratulate the So
ciety on the success achieved and Mr. Fox (a tried old
fair veteran) on his excellent management. — Ed.]

COLD STORAGE ON THE FARM.

Editor Southern Planter:

The ice house T shall describe is biiilt in a hillside
of such a slope that the first floor is on the level of the
surface and the second floor a few feet above the sur-
face at the other side. Wliere such a situation is not
convenient the second floor can be approached by a
bridge. The basement is used for storing fruit.

Tn localities where field stone is plentiful the cellar
can be cheaply built by using the stone in cement,
making a gi-ound wall. Broad 2-in. planks were held
in place by substantial staging to form a box having a
width of IS inches. Into this box the dry stones were
placed. Small stones may be shovelled in. After get-
ting a layer 10 inches thick, iliin mortar composed of
good lime and cement was poured in until the box was
filled. The operation was repeated, moving the
planks upward as the mortar set until the desired
height had been built.

Sills S inches by 12 inches were placed flatwise on
these walls on which studding 2 by 6 inches was toe-
nailed. The stTidding was weather boarded on the
outside and lined closely on the inside with inch
boards. This constituted an air chamber 6 inches
wide aromid the entire building. Studding 2 bv 4

inches was toe-nailed flush with the inner face of eacli
sill and closely lined with 1-inch boards. As the inner
surface was being lined sawdust was filled between
the inner and middle lining, thus forming another
non-conductor of external heat.

The upper story of the building is used for storing
ice, thus cooling the air in the top of the building
which sinks and in turn cools the rooms below. This
is the general principle that governs the construction
of all storage houses that depend on ice for the pro-
duction of a low temperature. This second story is
divided into two rooms, one of which is the ice stora^
room in which the supply of ice is stored and the other
is the ice chamber, in which is held the ice that cools
the refrigerating room directly below it. A dooi^—
there are two doors, one above the other in the parti-
tion dividing the upper and lower rooms — in the ice
chamber communicates with the outside. This is
double, having both air and sawdust chambers, and is
flared as are the doors of a fire-proof safe. It is iised
for unloading ice and is the only outside entrance into
the second story. The refrigerating room in the first
floor is the compartment in which the temperature is
to be reduced and in which perishable products are to
be stored. Leading into this room is a cooling room
which is to be used as a general purpose storage cellar.
A small entrance room protects the doorway leading
into the cooling room. This is the only entrance to
the first floor.

The flooring is laid tight in the storage room and
provided with a slope of 2 inches toward the center.
To prevent leakage the floor of this room has a sheet
iron covering. In the ice chamber adjoining, the floor
is laid with 2 by 4's set on edge with 1-inch spaces be-
tween. This provides for air circulation and water
drainage. The sloping floor beneath leads the water
into a gutter which carries it down and out through
the cooling room. The floor striicture of the second
story must be strong and well braced so as to carry
the heavy load placed upon it. Heavy staging carry-
ing 2x12 inch joists will give ample support for tlie
ice chamber and storage room.

The roof to the second story should be built so as to
make it as near a non-conductor of heat as possible.
Dead air spaces are the cheapest and most easily con-
structed non-conductors. This is essential in the ceil-
ing as it has the double duty to perform of holding
the cold in and keeping the heat oiit. A large attic is
provided, roofed with shingles. IMetal should never
be used. The ceiling in the second story is provided
with ventilator shafts so that perfect ventilation can
be secured during cold weather.

A\niere drain tile can be had what is known as ■?■

776

THE SOUTHERX PLAXTEK.

[December

y joint in the drain will provide for the escape of
water and prevent the ingress of air. A box drain
with an opening 2 inches square can be constructed
where tile cannot be obtained by any ordinary me-
chanic. The Y-shaped part is constantly filled with
water and prevents the ingress of air. The draiu is
placed at such a slope that when the V becomes full
the surplus flows from the ice house.

The ice pond is near the house, almost on a level
with the top floor. In filling the ice is pounded so as
to have as few air spaces as possible. After melting
about 4 inches from the sides of the storage room the
space is filled with sawdust and the ice should also be
covered on top about a foot deep. In warm latitudes
a grove to ward off the intense summer heat is desira-
ble. If there is no grove plant about a dozen North
Carolina poplars, a rapid growing tree, on the east,
south and west sides. Geo. II. C. Williams.

Washwgtov, P. C,

CROWN GALL OF APPLE TREES.

The Virginia Experiment Station has been con-
ducting investigation into this disease now common
on nursery stock in this State. In the course of the
investigation the station has clearly ascertained
that trees of the finest vigor yield readily to the at-
tacks of the disease. Observation of recently planted
orchards show that it is not usual for trees showing
an attack of the disease to form a normal root system.
The root system is weak and confined to the surface.
Such trees can be readily shaken thus revealing lack
of depth of the root system. The Mycologist is also
of opinion that badly diseased trees such as are now
very commonly found in nursery stock will not ordi-
narily come into fruiting. The conclusions reached
are as follows :

1. The organism which produces the abnormal
UTO'wth known as crown gall on the apple appears to
gain entrance to the apple seedling in the nursery.

2. The diseased seedlings can be detected by inspec-
tion. The unusual amount of fibrous roots at and be-
low the crown being the characteristic depended upon
for recognition of the trouble.

3. Nurserymen can select the seedlings used so as
ro largely control this trouble. No one should ex-
pect to entirely prevent its occurrence in the nursery
now that it has become so wide spread.

4. Persons planting fruit trees should reject with
the greatest care all trees which show the cancerous
growth about the crown or a sufficiently abnormal de-
velopment of fibrous roots about the crown to warrant
Nelief that the plants are diseased. One should not

confound the knots caused by wooly aphis with this
disease.

5. Apparently, crown gall can be readily inocu-
lated from a diseased plant into healthy ones, hence
diseased plants should not be allowed to remain among
healthy ones in the orchard. Cultivating the orchard
may possibly serve to spread the disease by carrying
diseased tissue from one tree to another, but we have
not definite date to cite in STipport of this proposition.
Wm. B. At.wood,

Exp. Station. Blaclsburg, Va. Mycologist, etc.

GOOD ROADS.

Washington, T). C, Nov. 19, 1903.

Congressman W. P. Brownlow, of Tennessee, to-
day reintroduced in the House his well known good
roads bill. .4cting on the criticisms of opponents and
the suggestions of friend, ("olonel Brownlow has re-
vised the bill somewhat, but all the important features
have been preserved. The new bill appropriates
$24,000,000 to be used as a fund for national aid in
the improvements of highways. This sum is made
available during the next three years, at the rate of
eight millions annually. No State or sub-division
thereof can secure any part of this fund without rais-
ing an amount equal to the share received. The dis-
tribution among the several States and territories is
to be made on an equitable basis so as to leave no room
for "log-rolling." In reference to the bill. Colonel
Brownlow said to-day :

"I think my good roads measure has made wonder-
ful progress during the past year. Conventions all
over the country have endorsed it. and a number of
State legislatures have adopted resolutions in favor
of it. The number of public men who have come out
for it has exceeded my highest expectations. In the
West and South the sentiment for the bill is espe-
cially strong. A large number of Senators and mem-
bers from those sections have assured me of their will-
ingness to sTipport the measure, and it will also have
some strong support from the Eastern States where
State aid has paved the way for National aid. I can't
see how any man representing a rural constituency
can vote for a rivor and harbor bill and refuse to vote
for my bill. And I don't see how any one who wants
the rural free mail delivery extended in his State or
district can refuse to support a measure to aid in im-
proving the roads, for bad roads are almost the sole
obstacle to such extensions. I am hopeful of getting
the bill up for discussion in the House early in the
regular session."

1903.]

THE SOUTHERN PLANTER.

777

THE

Southern Planter

l-UBLISHED BY

'/P'Y.

richmond, va.
Issued on Ist of each Month.

J. F. JACKSON,
Editor and General Manager.

B. MORGAN SHEPHERD,
BusiNEas Manager.

TERMS FOR ADVERTISING.
Rate card furnished od application.

TERMS FOR SUBSCRIPTION.

THE SOUTHERN PLANTER is maUed to
subscribers Id the United State* and Ca>a4a
at 60c. per annum; all fcrelm countries ant
the city of Richmond. 76c.

REMITTANCES should be made direct to
this oflBce. either by R«(lBtered Letter «■
Money Order, which will be at our risk. Whep
made otherwise we cannot be respoaslble.

ALWAYS GIVE THE NAME of tke Post-
Offlce to which your paper is sent. Tour
name cannot be found on our books ualess
this Is done.

WE I.VVITE FARMERS to write US on aay
agricultural topic. We are always pleased t«
receive practical articles. Criticism of Arti-
cles, Suggestions How t* Improve THE
PLANTER, DeseripUens ef New 9ntMM,
Roots, or Vecetablee set generally kaewB,
Particulars of Experiments tried, or Impreved
Methods of Cultivation are each an4 all wel-
come. Contributions sent us must aet be
furnished other papers until after they haye
appeared In our columns. Rejected matter
will be returned on receipt ef pestace.

SUBSCRIBERS falling to receive tkelr paper
promptly and regularly, will confer a favor
by reporting the fact at eace.

THE DATE ON YOUR LABEL shows to
what time your subscription Is paid.

NO ANONYMOUS commualcatlens or en-
quiries will recelTe atteatlsa.

AddreM— THE SOUTHERN PLANTER

RICHMOND, VA.

DETAIL INDEX TO ENQUIRER'S
COLUMN.

Cotton Seed Hulls, etc 754

Com on Wire Grass Land 754

Farm Management 755

Barren Corn Stalks 755

White Pine 755

Broomsedge — Red Jersey Hogs... 756

Keeping Sausage Meat 756

Curing Hams 757

Cotton Opening — Draining Land-
Feeding Pumpkins 757

Cabbage Growing — Canada Peas. . 757
Protecting Cabbage Plants — Ma-
nuring for Cabbages 758

Stencil Ink 758

Drain Tiles 758

A neat Binder for your back nnm-
ber« can be had for 25 cents. AddreM
our Business Oflce.

PUBLISHER'S NOTES.

TO ADVERTISERS.

All advertisements and matter
pertaining to advertising must
reach us by the 25th of each
month. Please bear this in mind.

Mention the Southern Planter la
wrltins-

Our January Issue. i

Otir January issue will be as |
usual our annual holiday number, i
It will be gotten up in specially de- i
signed covers, and every depart- ,
ment will be full of seasonable and
interesting matter. In addition to
this, we are going to make it some-
what of a biographical number. It
is our intention to show the faces
and give a brief sketch of the fore-
most agricultural leaders and
teachers of the present day. We
are sure that it will be very inter-
esting for our readers to see "what
manner of men" these teachers are.

As the edition will be quite
large, it will naturally be a very
attractive proposition to advertis-
er.«, and we ask all of our friends
to send us in their ads at the ear-
liest possible date. Do not wait
till the last minute, as every year
we are compelled to leave out a
goodly number.

IMMUNE HEREFORDS.

We will sell at Auburn, Ala., on Feb-
ruary 3rd, 1904, 50 head of registered
Herefords under the management and
auspices of the Alabama State Exper-
iment Station. This sale will be held
In their barns especially fitted for the
occasion. The cattle have already been
shipped there for innoculation and can
be seen there from now on by intend-
ing purchasers. They are being thor-
oughly innoculated against the tick
fever by the State Veterinary Board,
and will be perfectly Immune by the
sale date.

■We are sending 30 bulls and 20 fe-
males, which carry the blood of all of
the leading sires of the day. About
half of them are sired by the record
priced Acrobat or are by his best sons.
The rest are by such bulls as the
$10,000 Crusader, the $2,000 Conquerer,
the $1,000 Earl of Carlemont, the great
Earl of Shadeland 73rd, the prize win-
ning Beau Rowland, and other such
noted sires. A few of the females will
be in calf to our record breaking
Champion bull Britisher, the greatest
bull of two continents.

This consignment is a pick of four

The Standard
For Quality....

We carry the largest stocks
and do the largest business in
Farm Seeds in the Southern
States. This, together with
our twenty-five years' practical
knowledge of the seed busi-
ness, enables us to supply
seeds of the highest quality at
as reasonable prices as good
seeds can be sold.

Prices of Farm Seeds, Seed
Grain, Seed Potatoes, etc.,
quoted on request. Catalogue
giving descriptions and full in-
formation about all seeds mail-
ed free.

T.W. WOOD & SONS,

Richmond, - Virginia.

"How to Grow Paper-Shell Pecans,"

FREE. Best vatietiesin U S. True to
variety. Cinn.s cut from bearing trees by
member of firm. FuO descriptive Cata-
logue of ALL FRUIT trees, free

B W. STONE >!c CO., Thom.isville, Ga

Alfalfa Bacteria
Infected Soil

Can be obtained from Ewell Farm Ex
perimental Plot A pn-fect stand three
years of ago, abundantly supplied with
root nodiiles Price $1.00 per 2 bus.
burlap b.ig, weight about 150 lbs., f o. b.
Ewell's Station, Teun.
GEO. CAMPBELL BROWN,

Spring Hill Tenn.

1,000,000 Cabbage Plants at $1.50 Per M.

EARLY JERSEY WAKEFIELD,
CHARLESTON, SUCCESSION and
"FOTTLER'S IMPROVED BRUNS-
WICK."

50,000 Dahlia and Canna Bulbs.
MARK T. THOMPSON, Rio Vista, Va.

EXCELSIOR STRAWsERRiis."

The earliest berrj- ^-roun r.ni The Best Early Market Berry*

Its superior cairyi DC qualities an.1 beautiful red color .n;3ke
it T.rr rK.puUr In all Ibe tig m*rkci,. 1 h».e ii;i:)icLi ..tf,,:^.L. ...; ibi. and

eS^fwi^'dui^J!!*;: W. F. ALLEN, Salisbury. Md.

778

THE SOUTHEEN PLANTEK.

[December

of the best herds in Kentucky and is
the choicest lot of cattle ever sent
South both as to individuality and
breeding. Experts who have exam-
ined them at Auburn, pronounce them
a wonderful lot and good enough to
be used in any herd in the United
States.

Our experience with the Southern
farmers convinces us that they appre-
ciate good cattle and the only draw-
back has been the fearful losses from
fever. Even cattle that have been
raised in the tick infested districts fre-
quently succumb to the scourge when
moved from one place to another. Ex-
perience and science have demon-
strated that the one absolute preven-
tive and guarantee against this disease
is innoculation. The cattle we offer
for sale at Auburn, Ala., February 3rd,
are immuned from fever by careful
and thorough innoculation, by the
State Beard, and can be seen by those
interested, at the Experiment Station,
running with tick infested cattle.

The State of Alabama sent Dr. C. A.
Gary up to Kentucky looking for pure
bred cattle and he was so well pleased
with our cattle that we sold him four
choice calves. While here Dr, Gary
was so impressed with the scale and
finish of our Kentucky Herefords that
he persuaded us to send this consign-
ment South, as according to his judg-
ment wo have just what the Southern
farmers need to improve their herds
with.

Parties interested in good live stock
will do well to note the date of this
sale and wait till then for purchases.
At that time spring will almost be here
and the care and expense of wintering
will be saved. Bear In mind that this
consignment is not a lot of Southtrn
range bred stuff but the best that Ken-
tucky, which is famous for the best,
can raise.

Handsomely illustrated catalog and
descriptive matter will be sent on ap-
plication to Giltner Bros., at Eminence,
Ky., or Auburn, Ala.

$100 REWARD. $100.

The. readers of this paper will be
pleased to learn that there is at least
one dreaded disease that science has
been able to cure in all its stages and
that is Gatarrh. Hall's Catarrh Cure
is the only positive cure now known
to the medical fraternity. Gatarrh
being a constitutional disease, requires
a constitutional treatment. Hall's Ga-
tarrh Cure is taken internally, acting
directly upon the blood and mucous
surfaces of the system, thereby de-
stroying the foundation of the disease,
and giving the patient strength by
building up the constitution and as-
sisting nature in doing its work. The
proprietors have so much faith in its
curative powers, that they offer one
hundred dollars for any case that it
fails to cure. Send for list of testi-
monials. Address,

P. J. CHENEY & CO., Toledo, O.

Sold by druggists. 7.5c.
.Hall's Family Pills are the best.

Heyl Santa, where's that

Don't disappoint the boy at Christmas-
time— buy hira a rifle or stiotgun and
teach hira how to use it properly. Tempt
him to a freshair life. Let him feel the
wholesome influence of the finest sport
in the world. Train his eye and steady
his hand before a target or make his blood run faster in the hunt for game.

SEND FOR OUR FREE BOOK OF 128 PAGES

It tells about the " Stevens," gives pictures and prices. Contains
articles on Hunting, fishing', Canoeing, Target Shooting, eto.

Send 4c. in stamps for a teasing RIFLE PUZZLE. It is lots of fun— "easy when
you know how," but everyone can't solve it. Can you? Address Puzzle Oept.

We make Rifles, Shotguns, Pistols,

from $2.50 to $150.00.
Most good dealers will sell you a "Stevens"
— some will try to talk you into taking a poor
kind because they can make rtiore money
on them. Look out I A gun is the safest
thing in the world if 7W(*A' i' .tj'\ but a poor
gun is a good thing to lea\e alone.

We make a specialty of these Rifles :

"Stevens-Maynard, Jr.* $3.00
"Crack Shot "$4.00
"Favorite^No. 17, $6.00

U^e ivill sell to you direct \ind pay the express charges } if your dealer won't supply the "Steven/*

J. STEVENS ARMS AND TOOL CO. 921 Main St., Chicopee Falls, Mass.

ACME

IS^J

SIZES

3 to 13>^ feet

Agents
Wanted.

Pulveriiing Harrow

Clod Crusher and Leveler.

The best pulverizer — cheapest Riding Harrow
on earth. We also make walking ACMES.
The Acme crushes, cuts, pulverizes, turns
and levels all soils for all purposes. Made
entirely of cast steel and
wrought iron — indestructible.

Sent on Trial

To be returned at my ex-
pense if not satisfactory,
Cat:ilogue and Booklet.
"An Ide&l Harrow"
by Henrv Stewart,
m.Tiled free.
! deliver f o b at New York, Cbiugo, Columbus, Louisville, SCaosas City, Mianeapolls, San Francisco, Portl.nd. etc.

bUANE H. NASH, Sole manufacturer, Rliilington, New Jersey.

Braiicli House.: 110 Wa.hlnalon Sl„ Chicago. 428 I si SI., MInnoapolls. Glh & Washington SIS., Kansas Clly.
.PLf^kSE M£NTIOM THIS PAf CB.

1903.]

THE SOUTHERN PLANTER.

779

STAR PEA HULLER

WONDER OF THE AGE

Guaranteed to hull and clean
]0to 15 bushels of peas pei"
hour by hand, or 20 to 30
bushels by power. Write for
circular and prices.

STAR PEA MACHiNfc CO.,

...Chattanooga, Tenn.

SAWS

ANY WOOD
IN ilNY posmoH
ON^NV GROUND^
4 in. to S ft. Through

I MAN «lth a FOLD- DlfBTC O MEN with a
me siiviiie iucuuib Den I « & oross-cut Saw
6 to 9 colds daily is the usual average for one man,

Our 1904 Model iiachlne aaws raster,
last]jDtrci- than ever- Adjusted ma minute to euit a
LJ- year-old boy or the strongest man. Send for catalog
ehowin^latestimDroTements. First order nets acencv-
FoliilogNiwiagAlacb.Ca. SS N. JeffersoaSl.,Cbicaga, UJ.

The Gaboon

Is Practical.

lint's why it has lived and
ii.iwnfor45 years, saving
Ld artd making money lor

Goodeil Co.. 63 Main St., Antrim, E^, ^

Save Cream

Save much on the cost, save labor

of cleaning and operating by

buying the

AMERICAN

CREAm SEPARATOR.

■ dJ^-n'seatiafaction. You should kno..
about It. Ask for the free catalogue.

lAmerlcan Separator Co. Box 1076, Bainbrldge, N.Y.

and the dehorning job is smoothly doc
crushing or bruising if the

KEYSXOINEI

Dehorning: K.nifo

is used. Easy, sure and most speedy
in operation. No evil results can fol-
low. Cuts from foursides at once. En-
dorsed by veterinariais. Guaranteed.

M. T. Phillips, Box 45. Pomeroy, Pa.

(Newton's Patent.)

DEHORNER oSIorner
iMPRovEo ^-^^^^ Guaranteed

THOUSANDS IN USE.

Ask your hardware dealer for them or wnte
O. B. BKOWN MFG. CO.. • • DECATUB, ILI»

'J

MONARCH FEED MILLS.
At this season of the year a subject
of great interest to the farmer and
feeder who studies economy in feed-
ing is the feed mill. There are numer-
ous mills advertised in agricultural
papers, all making practically the same
claims as to speed, capacity, ease of
running, etc. Among so many the
feeder may well be confused when It

comes to making a choice. The Mon-
arch Is manufactured by Sprout, Wal-
dron & Co., of Mundy, Pa. It has
speed, capacity, strength and lasting
qualities. It grinds coarse, medium or
fine. Just as desired. It is alike per-
fectly at home in the matter of making
a fine article of meal for household
purposes, and for the grinding of ear
corn, shelled corn and all the feed
grains either singly or mixed, for
chop feed. These Monarch Mills are
either of the attrition pattern or are
made of the famous French burr stone,
than which there is nothing better for
the purpose in the world. The manu-
facturers publish an elegant catalog
which shows its strong points in strik-
ing fashion. The advertisement run-
ning in another column gives correct
address.

GERMAN IMMIGRANTS.

Those interested in the development
of the resources of the South are, to
some extent at least, conversant with
the methods employed by the Southern
Railway Company in advancing the
materia! growth of the country served
by its lines. For several years past
that company has made special effort
to attract to the South a desirable
class of German immigrants. While
this woi'k is one that requires time,
labor and patience, the results have
been fairly satisfactory, and several
settlements of that class of people have
been established along the lines of the
Southern Railway.

The success achieved by the com-
pany has convinced it of the wisdom
of redoubling its efforts, and it has de-
cided to wage an active campaign, hav-
ing for its purpose the location of a
larger number of thrifty German farm-
ers along the line. There is no lietter
class of emigrant than the thrifty Ger-
man farmer and such a settlemgnt Is
always an important factor in the
growth and development of the section
of countrv in which it is located.

Wise Man's
Wagon.

The man who has had experienca
in running a waeon knows that it
is tlie wheels that determine tho
life of the wagon itself. Our

STEEL
WHEELS

ELECTRIC

3 up to 8 inchest with aset of tiiL_
■ minutes have either a high

ed material— white hiclcorr axles, steel wheels, steel
hounds, etc Guaranteed to carry iOOO lbs. U«r« la
the watron that %vill save money for you, as It
lasts almost forever. Ourcatalogr^deBcribingtheute*
oCthese wheels and wagons sent frea. Write forlt.

ELECTRIC WHEEL CO., BOX 1« QUI NCY, ILLINOIS.

rWE'LL PAY THE FREIGHT

°?.VoD llobrelU FREE. W. V. BOOB, Ciadan.U, ft

Ghamberlin Mfg. Co., Olean, N. Y., U. S. A.

HERCULES STUMP PULLEF

Clears an acre of heavy timber land each day.
Clears all stumps In a circle of 150 ft. without
moving or changing machine, Strongest, most
rapid working and best made.
Hercules Mfg. Co.. 413 17th St., Centreville. Iowa.

STEEL ROOFING

100 SQUARE FEET $2,00

Pnfiitcd two Alden; nulln Included.

Strictly new. pei lect, Senii-Haniened Steel
Sheets, 6tcet long. The best Kooeiiff,
sidliitror Celling you ean use. No ex-

M'l-ienoe necessary to lay it. An ordinary
h,»ninier or hatchet the only tools you
m-i-d. Either flat, cornipated or "V»*
■nmpfd. Write for our Free Catalogue
N" 166 "n Fai-tn Supplies, Furniture, etc.
>¥. y\ IU;( KIMl 10. , W. 351I1 & Iron Sis., Chiras*

NO HUMBUG

Mt^a. P»l'd SInv fi. 10O2. Hog and Calf UcX-Im aily ;6e. ||
GEORGE BOOS, Mfr., FAIRFIELC JOWA,

780

THE SOUTHERN PLANTER.

[December

No Money
In Advance. I

"We will send any ru- ]
sponsible farmer

DITTO'S

"SS.VS,%. FEED GRINDER

to test on his own farm. Qrimla ear corn
and all small grain. If it is not the easiest,
running, with largest capacity, don't keep it.
It is strong and powerful— a time saver and a
money maker. Send for circulars and full
particulars.

G. M. DITTO, Box 48 Joliet, Ills.

The Southern Railway Company will
soon publish an illustrated pamphlet
in German, the object of which will be
to give reliable information concern-
ing each of the Southern States tribu-
tary to its lines to all Germans con-
sidering the question of change of loca-
tion. This pamphlet will be followed
by other publications giving general
information about this territory which
it is thought will be the means of at-
tracting the attention of thousands of
German to the South. — M. V. Rich-
ards, Southern R. Co.. Washington,

RICHARD BAXTER.
A tale of New England life, time
about 1830, is the title of a new novel
just issued. This is written by our old
friend, the Hon. Edward F. Jones, of
Binghamton, ex-Lieutenant Governor
New York, but better known to our
readers as "Jones, He pays the
Freifht." This is one of the most en-
tertnining booke of the day, and will
carry old Yankees back home in their
memory. It is brim full of sentiment,
humor and pathos. Real characters,
not caricatures. We predict for it a
wider sale than any novel for many
years. It is published by the Grafton
Press, New York. 12 mo., 350 pages,
16 illustrations, finely bound, $1.50. All
booksellers, or postpaid by mail.

A Bushel In <)

Less Than Q

That's the way yonr fi>ea will be
ground wJioii you use tixe

KEYSTONE

TriplaOear
GRINDING MILL.

Bmit as strong as aa anvil. Barre
*r« of hard white iron. Boxes
aod gay Jroni furnished with

_ mill. Capacity of niUl from 20 to

buchelt p«rbonr. \V« are makioi; a special li^
troductory prlc» now. Write for the catalogTi© antf
prjees on the full Hdo. Corn sbeUers, planters, cul-
tivators, feed cutters, etc.

Keystone Farm Machine Co.,

l664Beaver8t., York, Pa.

MIXED FEED

Unhusktd corn, husked ca;s,
shelled ccrn and all grains
broken, crushed and ground
in one operation by

KELLY

DUPLEX

Grinding iHills.

>eediest. easiest run-
nmeniillsmacle. Double
rrs. 4sizusfor all pow-
atalocu

breakers, double set of bi

THE 6' S. KELLY Co!, Springfieldrdhrd.

Make Your Own Fertilizer

at Small Cost with ' {

Wilson's Phosphate Mills

I'eeil Mills, (irs-
■Inixl Mllln, «rlt and
slu-ll .Mills, .seud for caUHoKue.
WILSON IIICOK.. Sule Mfra.,

BLACKLEG.
Stock raisers have become convinced
that Blackleg can be prevented by vac-
cination, and the question is, what
kind, what form, and what make of
vaccine Is the best? The Pasteur
Company's powder form of vaccine is
the best known, as it has been in use
for nearly twenty years and it is the
original preparation, the only draw-
back being the troublesome syringe
outfit. However, the cord or string
form of vaccine introduced some years
ago by the Pasteur Company is the
most convenient and has become the
most popular as it is always ready for
use. Its application is very easy and
It has proved to be as good as the old
powder form. The cord form is gen-
erally known under the short name of
"Blacklegine." Both the Pasteur
Powder Vaccine and Blacklegine are
furnished for single treatment for or-
dinary stock, and for double treatment
for fine stock. The double treatment
costs 20 cents per dose in packages of
10 doses, with reductions for quanti-
ties, while the single treatment costs
from 15 cents down to 10 cents per
dose, or even less, according to quan-
tity. All stock raisers in blackleg dis-
tricts know that It pays to use the best
and original vaccine furnished by the
Pasteur Vaccine Company, Chicago
and San Francisco.

▲ neat Bia4«r far y«ur tautk bvm-
k«n can be ka4 f»r II omU. AddrM*
•ur Quilneai OSm.

Mention the 8outh»m Plmnttr irh«B
correaponOlnE irlth adTartlMn.

You Trytlt.

It C08ti nothing. Re-
turn at our expense if
this mUl fails to grind
Bhelled com, ear corn,
all grains or mixed
feed stuffs, easier, fast-
er and better than any
other.

New Holland Mills

Made In 3 sizes. Adapted to any kind
bt power. Don't (ail to set our free catalogue
before buying.

NEW HOLLAND IMACHINE CO.,

Box ISS.Naw Holland, Pa.

' See it Work!

mONARCH
. French Burr and
'? Attrition Mills

Meal

H«

lobo

free

c:iliilot-t"ri.Rrticulars.

Sprout Waldron & Co.

B9< £02, Muncy, Pa.

I^SEEBNER'S FEED CUTTERS.

•J all v-.iir fo,-ll..r. liv '|.,ir.rr H.-el.iier's cutters ivlth

well DRILLING

MACHINES

The most Buccesetul money-making ma-
blaei ever made. Alt* maohine* far bariag
«9!la with auceri by hotae powar. Write
J8 If yau mean bualnesa.

Loomis Machine Co., Tiffin, Ohio-

WARRINER5

L , J STANCHION.

^Ul CLEAN.SAFE,

m^:.„=^m^ COMFORTABLE,

MFG.BYW.B.CRUMBForestvilleCoNN.

GET ALL THE CREAM,

— BV USING—

Tbe SUPERIOR CREAM SEPARATOR.

Does not mix water with the milk.
It is the best Septirator made. A
trial convinces, and every Separator
is guaranteed. Write today for Cat-
alogue to the SUPERIOR FENCE MA-
CHINE CO., 291 Qraode River Ave., De-
troit, Mlcbltaa.

1903.J

THE SOUTHERI^ PLANTER.

781

Five Baskets or Three

A planter who can make five baskets of
Cotton where he formerly made but three, by
simply Top Dressing his land willi one hun-
dred pounds, per acre, of

Nitrate of Sod&,

[Tli« Standaxd Ammonlate)
is simply neglecting to reap full benefit from
his soil if he does not use the Nitrate, for
this result is within the reach of every Cotton
Planter.

Equally profitable results may be obtained
from corn, grass, tobacco or potatoes, from
fruits or garden products, in fact fr«m any-
thmg that grows. "Food for Plants." and
other valuable bulletins giving actual field
trials with Nitrate of Soda at Agricultural
Experiment Stations, are ?ent free to farm-
ers. Send name and address on Post Card.

William S.Myers, Director, 12-16 John St..N.Y.

ELMWOOD NURSERIES.

ASPARAGUS

100,000 2-yr. old AsparagJS roots,
5 varieties. A special i-ate of $S.50
per 10l>0 for 2 mos. for BAHK'S,
PALMETTO, CONOVER.

APPLES

A large general assortment, in-
cluding WINESAPS and YOKK
IMPERIALS.

Splendid Assortment

of Ornamental, Shade

and Fruii Trees.

from B. P. Rocks. Light
Brahmas, Brown Leg-
horns at $1.00 per 13.

WRITE FOR OUR CATALOGUE.

J. B. Wins mo.

Strawberry Plants,

All grown in fresh rich ground. Iiealthy,
well-rooted plants that will please you;
over 30 kinds to ofler Ras]>ben y plants
and Peach trees also; see us r-e'ore you
buy. Our stock hae been thoroughly in-
spected and found fre- from anv <ljse.se.
Address JOHN LKiHTKOOT.

Sherman Heigh t^ Teiin.

THE AMERICAN CREAM SEPARA-
TOR.
There are several things which make
it advisable for intending purchasers
to consider carefully the American
Cream Separator advertised in our
columns. First, Is it's reasonable
price. A man with but two or three
cows will find it worth while to own
it and may soon get his money back.
It is not only the cheapest of all good
separators, but it is simple in the ex-
treme, and easy to run and keep clean.
Last, but not least, it Is a clean, close
skimmer. It gives such universal sat-
isfaction, that the manufacturers, the
American Separator Company, of Bain-
bridge, N. Y., will place it in any re-
sponsible party's hands for free trial,
TV'ith no obligation to buy unless per-
fectly satisfied. Consult the company's
advertisement elsewhere.

gtS R A W FU RS wanted

For London JanaarT Sales. Opossum. Muskrat, Mink,
Skunk, Raccoon and others. Highest cash prices paid.
Writ. A. £. Bnrklisrdt, Malo & Snd. Cincinnati, O.

KELLY DUPLEX GRINDING MILL.
Rapid grinding is one of the char-
acteristics of the Kelly Duplex Mi
here shown. But It is only one. Most
mill makers advertise mills to grind
ear or shelled corn. This mill grinds
both, and you may leave the husks on
without fear of choking.

The illustration will show that it is
not one of the flimsy, unsubstantial
kind. The Kelly Mill has a double set
of burrs. In reducing ear or unhusked
corn, there are three processes, break-
ing, crushing and grinding, reducing
the feed to any degree of fineness at
the pleasure of the operator, and all
in one operation. It grinds smaller
grains, as oats, rye, etc., equally well.
It has a feed regulating device and its
grinding is always uniform. It is
made in four convenient sizes, adapted
to the needs of any feeder and suited
to any power that may he desirable to
use.

It is manufactured by the O. S. Kel-
ly Co.. Springfield. Ohio, (O. S. Kelly
M'f'g Co., Iowa City. Iowa.) who will
be pleased to send you catalog fully
describing it to any one writing for it.

A neat Binder for your b*ek nni
hers can be had for 2S c«Htt. Ad4r«
our Business Oflca.

.^^%

A Dollar's Worth For
Every Dollar

No stale packet hargain otfera. All fresh, plump, quick

starting, cverv kind Eronn in tlie climate wl.icli

matures it I.est. North. SouEli. Hast. West.

Ouf General Supply Line

includes tools, appliances, etc., for Farm, Garden, Dairy
and r jultry. The varied lines keep our lar^'e force busy
all the vear and make attractive prices in our larj^e grener-
al catah'7. Every standard appliance for the farm indus-
tries. \\'riteus you^^vants. 8e sure vou get General
Catalogue No. 10. It's FREE tor the asking.

CRIFFITH & TURNER COMPflNY.
20S.N. Paca Street,

Peach and Apple Trees,

BONAVISTA NURSERIES, Greenwood, Va.

We offer a fine lot of choice trees for
Fall and Spring planting

Our a pple trees are the best — Wine Sap,
Mammoth Black Twig, York Imperial
and Albemarle Pippin, all perfect and
weU grown trees.

Our peach trees are the standard sorts,
Stump, Elberta, Bilyeu's (Comet, ) Won-
derful, Champion, Globe, Picquet'sLate,
Albright's Winter, Crawford E. &L.,etc.

We send out none but t-ood trees and
have never had a complaint made by any
purchaser of our stock. Order soon, es-
pi^cially Peach' s, as good trees will be
very scarce this season.

CHAS. F HACKETT, Manager.

Mention the Southern Planter when
corresponding with adrertlsen.

We offer all kinds '•f :

..Nursery stock.

STRAWBERRY PLANTS at re-
duced prices; 1 doz. rooted GRAPE
VINES of CONCORD, NIAGARA,
WARDEN, etc., at $1 ; all healthy stock
and fumigated before shipped; grown
on ideal land for fine roots and smooth
bodies.
Send f«r Special Price t« Planters.

EIVIPORIA NURSERIES

EHPORIA, VA.

No. 1 Agents wanted. We refer to
any business house here as to our hon-
esty.

TREES! TREES!!

I offer a fine lot of whole root trees.

Apples, Pears, Peache«,
Cherries, Plums, Grape
Vines, Raspberries, Etc.

Save agent's commission by send-
ing your orders to the nursery.

CATALOaUE FREE.
All Stock Inspected and Fumigated.

WERTZ'S NURSERY, Salem. Va.

'i)i-2

THE SOUTH EKN PLANTER.

[ Ucoember

w

A Golden Rule
of Agriculture:

Be s;ood to your land and your crop
will be good. Plenty of

Potash

in the fertilizer spellsquafity I ^.•,
and quantilv in the har- ' '"-^'i'
vest. Write us and
we will send you,
_/>Yd", by next mail,
our money winning
bioks.

OERMAN KALI WORKS,

New York— « Nassau St.

SAN JOSE SCALE"-'"--''

OnH JUUU UUnLI. jrouea by using

GOOD'S CAUSTIC POTASH

■WHALE OIL SOAP. No. 3.

It also prevents Curl Leaf. Endorsed by en-
tomologists. Tbls soap is a fertilizer as well as
Insecticide 60 lb. kegs, $2.60; 100 lb. kegs H 60.
Half barrels, 270 lbs., at 3y„c. per lb.; barrels,
425 lbs., at SJic. Large qnanlltles, special rates.
Send for circular.

JAMES GOOD.
939— 41 N. Front .St., ^hilaoelpmi*. p»

Defender
Sprayer

All bn

ork-

;5, easiest
"ffi most powerful, autc
iiatic mixer, cxpanBioD
/lives, double striiner.
Catalogue of Pumps and
Treatise oa Spraying free.

AGHNTS WANTED;

J. F. 0«7l«rd, B«z S2 CatOUl, M. T.

Book of Bugs Free.

Sead us your name and that of your druggist
and we will send you free of charge aoopy otour
Book of iiugs, illustrating and d«8(;ribinK'the de-
Htrucilve worms and insects that damage your
crops. The edition is limited and you must
write for it to reoeive It. Verv valuable as a
book of reference THE PROTECTO COH-
PANY. 129 West First Ave., Monmouth. III.

Best Fruit Paper "c.

Year'.

soflOfirmcrs who )

you w-itlrcccivc fur a year the "Fruit-Giower.'
friiitpapcr publislied, te^. price 60c year. Fruit-(

e«)d [■•per — oneufthever; best" For umple, eto.,»>]dreii

FRUIT-GROWER CO.. 312 S. 7tli Street, SI. Joseph, Ho.

Hunters' & Trappers' Cuide

INUKKStll KHas.. DFpl.817. Him

THE WOOD CUTTER'S MACHINE.
The man who follows the time hon-
ored custom of sawing wood will find
a piece of machinery that will save
him great labor in the Folding Sawing
Machine pictured here. It is manu-
factured by a company of the same
name in Chicago and is regularly ad-
vertised in our columns. This ma-
chine takes the place of the old time

cross cut saw. It can be used in any
situation where the cross cut can be
used, and its great value is seen in
this, that one man can saw more wood
with it than two men can with the nlii
cross cut saw. It has a record of nine
cords of wood in a single working day
by one man. It is not only adapted to
sawing felled trees, but to sawing
down trees. It is so adjusted that the
operator is not at all discommoded
whether working on the fallen log, the
standing tree, on the hillside, etc.
When through with one job it can be
folded up in compact form, "like a
jack knife," placed on the shoulder and
carried off to other work. Any one in-
terested should consult the advertise-
ment elsewhere for correct address and
wri te the company for catalog and
full Information.

A FEED MILL GUARANTEED.

The New Holland Cob and Feed Mill,
manufactured by the New Holland Ma-
chine Works, New Holland, Pa., is one
of the mills that depends on its own
work to sell it, and is therefore, freely
sent forth to responsible parties on
trial. With the opportunity to maJie
test of its worth at the buyer's own
home goes a remarkable guarantee of
the manufacturers, which shows the
faith they have in its adaptability and
superior working qualities. This guar-
antee says that it may be tested freely
on ear corn, shelled corn, small grains
and all feed stuffs, and that it must
establish the fact to the proposed buy-
er's satisfaction that It will do t'-
work "easier, better and faster than
any other mill." Failing to sustain
such a broad challenge, it is no sale,
and the mill can be returned at the
company's expense.

This broad guarantee covers most
satisfactorily just those things re-
quired in a feed mill. It does not seem
possible for one to go wrong with the
added opportunity to put it to the test.
It is made in three sizes, and is
adapted to the use of any kind of
power.

Anyone contemplating the purchase
of a feed mill, should at least send for
this company's catalog and make in-
vestigation before placing an order.

: UNION LOCK POULTRY FENCING :

HAS BEEN Ftn.I,Y

TEETED AND FOttin)

SnPEKIOR TO AIL

OTHEBS.

fit uneven

^..M ,.v stretched
pettectly. Made of
high grade ealv.nnized steel wire. All horizontal
lines are cables, making it stronger. Has finemesh
at the bottom for small chicks. We also make
extra heavy for gardens, lawns, etc. The largest

goultry farms are using this fence — over 700 rods
y Lakewood (N. J.) Karm Co. We pay freiglit
and satisfv every one or no sale. Can ship from
N. Y., Cfiic,li.-<i, or San Francisco. Write for
f reelcrttalog of Farm, T.awn and Poultry Fencing.
CASE BROS., Box 340, Colchester, Conn.

Genuine Spiiai Spring Wire
FENCES BND KflTES

If \our dealer does not have our
goods in Slock \ou can buy direct
nt Mnnufaclurers" Price. Write
for Catalogue and secure agency.

INTERNATIONAL FENCE AND F. CO.
Columbus. Ohio.

EH-

^^m

Just As Soon As

vou get through fxpe
Pisif Fence. Our lilL.
I'ltjr 'HSW 11 V.tr.

V vf-r ( o. v.lr

L^UWN FENCE

(T/i |i';i!;<>>»;"ii ii»:o>;
i>'.i iv'j'M'OMi .[lyMi

Many designs. Cheap aa
wood. 32 pape Catalogrue
free. 8pe<lal Price* to Cmie-
t«rle8aadChDrfh»«. Address

SENT ON TRIAL

A Fence Machine tbat will make over 100
Stales of Felice and from &<» to 70 rods a day

AT ACTUAL COST OF WIRE

Vie und t'hieki

3 at Wholesale Pricey

Kitselman Bros. Box i

Hancie, Ind*

FENCE!;

STROHGESW
MADE. Baa

ecrong. CMckea
tight. Sold to the Farmer at vrbol.ua*
PriM.. r«llr W.rrulrd. Oat&Jog Frett

CI — '

jff' ROOFING TIN j&

Iron and paper roofing, nails, buUder'B hard-
ware, sash, doors, etc., carriage and wagon
goods, paints and oils, cook and heating stoves,
guns, pistols, rifles, "Kobln Hood" loaded shells.
Do vou use any of the above? Write us.

HARRIS HARDWARE CO., T^.l^lT.:

Krausers' Liquid
Extract of Smoke

A neat Binder for your back num-
bers can be had for 26 cents. AddrsM
our Business OfBce.

1903.]

THE SOUTHERN PLANTER.

(K3

Games

60 different games— one i
package of

Lion Coffee

The Southern Planter,

If troubled with any form of ner-
vousness or Dyspepsia, Palpitation of
the Heart or Sleeplessness, Rush of
Blood to the head or General Debility

Can Be Cured By

DR. DUGNAL'S

FAMOUS NERVE PILLS.

40 DOSES BY MAIL, POSTPAID, 50c.
DUGNAL REMEDY CO.,

P. O. Drawer No. 52. Dept. J.

NEW HAVEN, CONNECTICUT.

FRAZER

AX'V vJ 1 C a S C the world.
Its wearing qualities art unsurpassed, ac-
tually outlasting 3 bxs. any ttther brand, \
Not affected by heat. J9-Get the Genuine.
FOR SALE BY ALL DEALEKS.

GREENSBORO, N.C.

For the treatment of THE LIQUOR, OPIUM, MORPHINE .nd
nther Drug Addictions. The Tobbacc» Habit, Nerve Exhaustion

B- WANTI^D -:

Shippers of POULTKY of all Kinds,

Dressed HOGS, GAME, etc., to write to

E. W. EVANS & CO.,

1313 E Gary St., RICHMOND, VA.
For prices before shipping elsewhere.

HOW TO FEED AND BREED HOGS

iiportance to swine growers. _ A
practical, clean, common-sense swine
paper for farmers can be had from now
I to January, igos, W sending 10 Ceuta
•■ - ■ - silVer at once to

BLOODED STOCKc
Oxford, Pa.

HANDSOME FRUIT PAPER.
In this issue appears the advertise-
ment of "The Fruit Grower, St. Joseph,
Mo., one of the very best fruit papers
published. Indeed. Prof. Price, dean of
the Ohio Agricultural College, says it
is the very best fruit paper published.
East or West. The advertisement tells
how the paper can be secured at half
price. Look it up and send for this
paper.

HANDY LOW DOWN WAGONS.

The Electric Wheel Company of
Quincy, Illinois, has perhaps done
more than any other one institution
to popularize the low wheel and handy
wagon. Their "Electric" Steel Wheel
is the kind that is made to last. An
item that has multiplied the number
they are constantly sending out is that
they are made to fit the skein of any
make of wagon. The wheels being the
first to give way in the wooden felloe
high wheel style of wagon, a great
many farmers take advantage of this
fact and procuring the "Electric"
wheels, convert their old wagons into
Handy Wagons. In most cases the run-
ning gears are good and with little
expense they secure a wagon as good
as new, with all the conveniences
which the use of the low down Handy
Wagon carries with it. If any reader
of this finds his old high wheels giving
away, he will do well to send to the
above company for their catalog and
learn what their low steel wheel will
do in the way of giving hirn practically
a new wagon at but very slight cost.
It must not be forgotten that the com-
pany makes the best Handy Wagon
complete where parties desire it.

THE PHILLIPS DEHORNING KNIFE
The dehorning knife has come to be
almost a stable necessity to the dairy-
man and cattle feeder. There are sev-
eral knives on the market and perhaps
Pomeroy. Pr. Its great r.oint of ad-
vantage is that it cuts from all four

sides at once, and thereby secures a
clean, clear cut that is all cut and n«
breaking or crushing. Several of the
government experiment stations have
given it unqualified endorsement. The
acting Director at Cornell University
commends especially its "ease of op-
eration and durability," and describes
it as "the best instrument of its kind
that we have ever used."

Mr. Phillips advertises the dehorner
regularly in our columns. Any one in-
terested should write him for a copy
of a little descriptive book he sends
out free.

Cheap eggs
are as good as
cheap lamp-
chimneys.

Macbeth.

If you use a wrong chimney, you lose a
good deal of both light and comfort, and
waste a dollar or two a year a lamp on
chimneys.

Do you wast the Index ? Write me.

Macbeth, Pittsburgh.

WANTED

By a married man, a POSITION aa
manager on stock, dairy or general
farm. Thoroughly competent, and best
references. Box 41, Espy, Pa.

POSITION WANTED AS FARM MANAGER
or Superintendent of large estate by a mid-
dle-aged single man, with practical and
educational experiences in farming, dairy-
ing, cattle, sheep, swine, horticulture and
poultry culture.

EUGENE BAYER,
Charlottesvlil'

Va.

WANTED A GOOD, SETTLED MAN WITH
small family to attend to 6 or 6 cows,
make butter, and attend to family garden.
Must understand cultivation of flowers.
Place open until December. Address,

MIRADOR, Greenwood P. O., Va.

THE PEACH GR0\VE:R

Fruit Culturist and
TrucKcr's Magazine

Published Monthly, Atlanta. Ga. Is Indispens-
able to growers of fruit and track. Best horti-
culturists in the land are regular contributors.
Handsomely printed and illustrated. Send 26
cents and names of 2.') fruit growers, for a year's
subscription. You can't afford to miss reports of
Georgia experiments now being made on peach
orchards.

WANTED!

ALL KINDS OF

LIVE WILD BIROS AND ANIMALS

Particularly Deer, WUd Turk«y«. White
Squlrreli, Ducks, Swani, Bob White Quail,
Grey Squirrels, Bear, Etc.

CECIL FRENCH,
718 Twelfth St. N.iW., Washington. D. C.

NO MORE BLIND HORSES— For Specific
Ophthalmia, Moon Blindness and other Sore
Eyes. BARRY CO., Iowa City. la., have a
cure.

784

THE SOUTHERN PLANTER.

[December

HOMES'! IBfr""

No place in the United States can a
man do so well at farming, for tte money
invested, as in Virginia. Lands are
cheap; climate good, and the best of
marlcets close at hand. It is the Stat*
of all others, for a comfortable all the
year round home. The James River
VaUey Colonization and Improvement
Company offer superior advantages to
land purchasers. For free 36 page land
pamphlet, address

W. A. PARSONS, Vinlta, Va.

C&OiMain St. Depot Richmond, Va.

♦♦To Homeseekers.*

"THE BUSINESS OF FARMING
IN VIRGINIA."

IB the tlUe of a uew pamphlet luued hy tk*
Sr'''',''..?"'' Weitern Ritlway C.mpaay. W»
will gladly mall y»u a copy.
W. B. BEVILL, PAUL SCHERER, A«t..
0. P. A., Landi and ImmlEratlva,
Roanoke, Va.

I HAVE A LARGE LIST OF

FRUIT, POULTRY^nd TRUCK FARMS

Ten, Fifty and One Hundred Acres each with

good buildings, close to steam and trolley

lines, easy access to the city. Also,

GRAIN AND STOCK FARMS

From 100 to 1.000 acres at low prices— all the

way from $5 to %m per acre. Write for

Catalogue.

J. R. HOCKADAY, Richmond. Va

Box 257.

IF YOU WISH TO SELL

on 3BXJ T

VIRGINIA LANDS

Cemmunlcate with ui. Wrtte f.r fr«>
Virginia Real EsUte Jeuraa] " cb«-

UlBlng many apleadld karcalas.
R. B. CMAFFIN & CO., Inc ,
No. t N lOth St., Richmond. Va

2 QOOD DAIRY FARn.«.,

Vicinity of Washington KOR SALE.

Electric railway through one and near
the other. For particulars, address
L. E. WALT, 745 7th St., S E ,

Washington, D C.

/ Can Se/I Your Farm....

If located In one of these Virginia counties:
Prince George, Chesterfield, King William,
Gloucester, New Kent, King and Queen
Manover. Send description, stating price
JOHN JELINEK, lllfi Pine Alley,
^ Braddock, Pa.

FINF PARM^ '° "J"^ sreat fruit grain and
11!?'-,, rHnillO stock section of VIRGINIA
beat climate and water in the U. S. Near grea
Korf,fr?h ""i •"=''. educational adyantlges
For further Information, address

«.>..,'^u'w'^'^'''''^ IMMIORATION CO.,
BAM L B. Woods. Pres Charlottesville, Va

For full par-
ticulars write
A. JEFFERS,
Norfolk, Vs.

Go South.

FERTILIZER CHEMICALS.
Quotations furnished by Edmund
Mortimer t Co., of New York, on ag-
ricultural chemicals commonly used by
farmers. These prices are those at
which the goods can be purchased in
lots of one ton or over. In original
paclcages, delivered f. o. b. cars at
New York City, and are for cash. In
all cases carload lots of any one of the
materials can be purchased for less
money, and, it possible, farmers should
combine and order in round lots.
AMMONIATES.

xT.t » . r, , Per ton

Nitrate of Soda, containing about
16 p. c. of Nitrogen, In bags,
weighing about 200 pounds |45

Sulphate of Ammonia, containing
about 20 p. c. of Nitrogen, irreg-
ular weight packages gj

Dried Blood, containing about 10
p. c. of Nitrogen, irregular
weight packages 40

Tankage, containing about 8 p. c.
Nitrogen and 10 to 12 p. c. Phos
Acid

POTASHES.

Muriate of Potash; containing
about 50 p. c. of Potash, in 225
pound bags

Sulphate of Potash, containing
about 50 p. c. of Potash, in 225
pound bags 45

Kainit, containing about 12 p e
of Potash, in irregular weight
packages

Nitrate of Potash, containing
about 45 p. c. Potash and 13 p

c. Nitrogen (Ammonia) 70

PHOSPHATES.

Acid Phosphates, containing 14 n

c. Available .... 12

Containing 16 p. c. Available! '. '. 13

Bone Meal, containing about 3 p
c. Nitrogen and 20 p. c Phos
Acid ■

Peruvian Guano, containing about
20 p. c. Phos. Acid, 3i p. c. Nlrto-
gen, 4 p. c. Potash, in 200 pound
^»gs 30

MIXED.

"Everybody's Magazine" tells a little
story which shows the mixed feelings
with which the Southerner regards
Booker T. Washington. An old Flor-
ida colonel recently met Booker T
Washington, and in a bibulous burst
of confidence said to the negro educa-
tor, "Suh, I'm glad to meet you. Al-
ways wanted to shake your hand, suh.
I think, suh, you're the greatest man
in America."

"Oh, no!" said Mr. Washington.

"You are, suh," said the colonel;
and then, pugnaciously, "Who's great-
er?"

"Well," said the founder of Tuske-
gee, "there's President Roosevelt."

"No, suh," roared the colonel. "Not
by a jugful! I used to think so, but
since he invited you to dinner I think
he's a blank scoundrel."

35

40

12

22

QUARTZ and MICA grinding mill for
sale on railroad; list of 500 custom-
ers. Close to millions of tons of
quartz, feldspar and mica section.
G. G. TEMPLE, Danville, Va.

VWGINIA FARMS

S3 P*ER ACRE AND UFWARDS.

BAST PAYMENTS. CATALOOUB FRBM.

GEO. E. CRAWFORD & CO., Richmond, Vi.

BsUklUke4 lt7(.

"In the Green Fields of Virginia."

Homes for all; Health for all; Happiness and
Independenc« for all. All sizes of Farms at
corresponding prices, but all reasonable.

MACON & CO., Orange, Va.

VIRGINIA FARMS

All price* a«d stzea. Free Hat •■ avrllcatlaa.
WM.B. PIZZINI CO., Richmond. Va.

• -«-• VIRGINIA FARMS •■^9

Nice little poultry farm, 100 acres, good house
and orchard, {.WO.OU. Blue Qrats, Stock and
Prult Farms. Address PORTER & GATK8,
Louisa, Va.

"Crop Growing
and Crop Feed ng."

By Prof. W. f. massey.
383 Pp. Cloth, $1.00; Paper. 60c.

We offer this ipIendU wark li c*B>*e-
tion with the SOUTHERN PLANTER
at the following price*:

Southern Planter and Cloth

Bound Volume. $I.2S.
Southern Planter and Paper

Bound Veiume, 90c.
Old er new aukacrlytleas.

The RICHMOND, FREDERICKSBURG

and POTOMAC R. R.
and WASHINGTON SOUTHERN R'Y

Form the Linlj connecting the
Atlantic Coast Line R. R.,
Baltimore and Ohio R. R.,
Chesapeake and Ohio R'y,
Pennsylvania R. R.,
Seaboard Air Line R'y
and Southern R'y.

Between all points, via Richmond, Va.

Fast Mail, PaHenesr aa4 Bxyre** lUut* k«-
tween Richmond, Fre4erlek*knrf, Alauja-
drla, WashlngtcB, Baltiaare, rklla4el«kU,
New York, B*et»n, PltUkarc, BuCal* aad All
PolaU N*rtk, East aid Wcat.

W. P. TAYLOR. Traffic Manager.Richmond, Va.

1903.]

THE SOUTHERN PLANTER.

785

FARMS FOR SALE!

No. 16.
130 acres — 20 acres hardwood, bal-
ance in good state of improvement, and
a splendid quality of red clay subsoil;
50 acres in wheat and timothy; 20
acres in meadow, balance is new land,
and will be for com next spring. Situ-
ated In excellent neighborhood of re-
fined people. Twenty-two miles from
Washington, 5 miles from Herudon
Station. Fronts on pike. Comfort-
able 4-room house and all buiMin"'
Farm watered by large branches.
Price, $20.00 per acre. Terms, to suit
purchaser.

No. 17.
80 acres — 15 acres in hardwood, bal-
ance in grass, except 20 acres for corn.
Fronts on pike; 5 miles from railroad
station. Watered by large branch.
All in good state of cultivation. No
buildings. Price, $18.00 per acre. Easy
teritis.

No. 18.
385 acres in lower Loudoun county,
only 23 miles from Washington; 40
acres In hardwood, balance in good
state of cultivation, divided into 8
fields, with running water in all; well
fenced; adopted to grain and grass.
Two good cattle barns, a good, comfor-
table 7-room dwelling, with a large,
bold spring within 50 yards, an dall
necessary autbuildings. Situated ii
miles from Sterling Station. This
farm has 137 fine stock sheep and 21
fat cattle weighing 1,200 pounds now;
80 acres sown in wheat and rye; 50
acres in meadow and balance of fields
and pasture. If bought within the
next 60 days the wheat and sheep will
go with the farm. Price, $8,000, on
easy terms. Write for full description.

No. 19.
215 acres in upper Fairfax county,
20 miles from Washington; 6 miles
from railroad; fronts on pike; near
village with stores, post-office, churches
and shops. Splendid brown chocolate
clay soil. Seven fields, watered by
branches and springs. A good 6-room
frame house and all necessary farm
buildings; 60 acres sown in wheat and
grass; 25 in rye and grass; 30 in
meadow, balance in pasture and for
corn — all in good condition. Price,
$25.00 per acre; one-third cash, balance
on 6 years' time, if desired.

No. 5.
Contains 163 acres; one-half under
cultivation; balance in second-growth
timber. Good seven-room dwelling and
necessary outbuildings; good orchard
in fine fruit section. Farm lies near
Southern railroad, twenty miles from
Washington; well watered; a spleiidi
dairy farm. Price, $2,000.

Farm No. 2.
Contains 265 acres; 215 under culti-
Tatjion; 50 acres original oak and

hickory. Fronts on the pike running
from Winchester to Alexandria; five
miles from r^ailroad; on!e-half mile
from proposed electric railroad. Ex-
cellent six-room dwelling house, with
broad halls, standing in a large, nicely-
shaded blue-grass lawn; all necessary
outbuildings; land chocolate clay, with
stiff clay subsoil; all level, but rolling
enough to drain well; fine for wheat
and grass; well watered. Owner con-
templates making improvements. But
if sold before, price $25 per acre, on
easy terms.

I have a number of other good farms
for sale, both large and small. Writo
for description and state just what you
want, and will be glad to serve you.
W. *E. MILLER, Herndon, Va.

LIGHT ON A DARK SUBJECT.

"V see by the newspaper,' says
Smith, "that the whale that swallowed
Jonah was recently killed in the Med-
iterranean, and in its stomach they
found, written on parchment, the diary
that Jonah kept during the three
days — — "

"You can't make me believe any of
that stuff," interrupts Brown. "In the
first place, how could Jonah see to
write his diary?"

"Why," says Smith, "don't you sup-
pose the whale had pains in his stom-
ach?"— November Lippincott's.

CANT-HOOK VS. STEAM.

Before the introduction of the steam
log turner in its practical application
to the portable saw mill, the owner of
such a rig worked at a very serious dis-
advantage as compared with the larger
mill and its labor-saving devices.

There has been one cause of wasted
time and labor in the operation of the
portable mill that has heretofore been
unavoidable. This was the necessity
of waiting at every occasion for turn-
ing the log on the carriage, while any-
where from one to three men "wres-
tled" it over with cant-hooks. In the
meantime, the engine was running
idle. However, the perfection of a
really practical log turner has been ac-
complished by the A. B. Farquhar Co.,
makers of the celebrated Farquhar
Portable Mills and the Ajax Centre
Crank Engines. This is the only de-
vice of its kind that can be used with
a portable mill. By increasing the
daily output without the necessity for
an increase of power and at an actual
decrease in operating expense, it very
materially swells the net profits. Any
mill man interested in the most recent
and up-to-date improvements in en-
gines and saw mill machinery should
write the A. B. Farquhar Co., Ltd.,
York, Pa., for further information and
free catalog. It pays well to keep
posted.

VICTOR BOOK

ion. Tliere's pointers thal:iiay

dol lars to you. We pay freiijlit.

intee goods as describe! or

(iney back. The book Is free.

Write for it to-day. Po<;tal will do.

GEO. ERTEL CO., Quincy, 111.

g^u

EASY MONEY

"

is made by ioatalline a Jlnwkcye
Incubotor. Little cost, little cr*..*,
results sure, profits large. SU l»uw*
Free Trial. CaUlogne free. Mention
UiiB paper.— Hawkeye Iiipobutor
0»., Box 49, Ncwtan, Iowa.

CHICKS THAT LIVE

get stronp and healthy— gaii
steadily iu weight, are chick__
hatched in Koliable Incubators

The Reliable

provide:^ automatically a constant ]
current of odorless, warm air at a j *i.Tj .,-

uniform temperature — chicks pip. hatch and thrive a»
der its nature-like conditions. Send 10 cents and ^«k
our ''Olh annual cntaloc-— full of poultry information.

Reliable Incubator and Brooiler Co., Boi B-li • QuiRcy, ill.

BUILT TO LAST

Never outclassed— Sure Hatch
Incubators. Built better than
yourhouse. No hot centers; no
chillinp draughts on sensitive
eairs. Every cubic inch in egg
chamber at uniform, blood tena-
perature of fowl. It's acontinual
pleasure to batch nearly every
fertile egg: with a Sure Hatch.
Free catalogue . D 3S with plcturea tellf liv«Iy story.

Mention the Southern Planter whe*
corresponding with advertiser!.

PINELAND

INCUBATORS hatch greaie
number of finest chicks.
BROODERS have never b<<

FIDELITY FOOD

FOR YOUNG CHICKS

Used everywhere by practical poultrymen md
specialist fanciers with unfailing succes.'i. In-
sures perfect health and promotes rapid grovi th
Concise catalogue from

Pineland Incubator and Brooder Co., Box M.
Jamesburg, N. J., U. S. A

ssssr

Little Chicks

thrive when fed on our

BABY CHICK FOOD.

A perfect balanced food. Sendifor free

sample and our large Illustrated catalog

of POULTRY SUPPLIES,

INCUBATORS and

BROODERS.

FANCIERS' SUPPLY CO.,

S17-519 West Broad St.,

Richmond, Va.

EVERYTHINQ FOR THE FANCIER.

Charlie brown, = Cartersville, Va.

BREEDER .^XD SHIPPER OF niOH-CLASS —

riammoth Bronzo Turkeys, Barred
Plymouth Rock Chickens, Bmbdea
Qease and Pekin Ducks. Young stod
FOR SALE. My strains consist of tl
best blood that money can buy. Sa^i ■
faction guaranteed.

786

THE SOUTHERN PLANTEE.

[December

EDGEWOOD STOCn FARM.

Scotch Collies. White Wyandottes.
COLLIE PUPS ready, all with full, white
marks, sables and blacks. Beautiful: Both
parents trained. Best blood In America.
Order quick. JIC, $7.

WHITIO WYANDOTTES— Best strains for
laying and beauty. White Wyandottes are
prettiest chickens on earth. We offer Cock-
erels and Pullets. You rarely find such Pul-
lets for Jl. Get ten pullets nnd cockerel at
special offer. H. B. ARBUCKLE,

Ma.xwelton, W. Va.

OAKSHADE n B. Turkeys
and Huguenot W. Wyandottes,

: FOR SALE :

Raised on 400 acre blue grass farm— the
best 1 haveeverseen. Ejigsfroui White,
BuffanJ Partridge Wvamlottesin season
Address Huguenot Poultry Yards,
... Dublin. Va.

FINE TURKEYS. '^^^^

FOR BRF.EDEUS.'

The JIammoth Bronze Is the finest speci-
men of turkey in the world. I do not hesi-
tate to say that I have the finest birds In
Virginia. If you will file your orders now
you will get choice ones out of a choice
flock. I also have a few Barred Plymouth
Rocks tor sale. My fowls are all thorough
bred. Write for circulars and rates.

PIEDMONT POULTRY PLACE,
Miss E. Callie Giles, Prop. . WbiUle's Depot, Va.

FIRST CLASS FOWLS

FOR SALE, CHEAP.

Barred, Buff and White Plymouth Rocks,
White Wyandottes, Light Brahmas, Buff and
Partridge Cochins, BSack flinorcas. Black
Langsbans, Brown and White Leghorns.

Now Is the time to secure bargains.
Oakland Poultry Farm,

0. J. WARINER, Mgr.. RiTFIX, X. C.

FOR S\LE.

Pure BARRED PLYMOUTH ROCKS, MAM-
MOTH BRONZE TURKEYS, TOULOUSE
GEESE AND PEA FOWLS. Will exchange
tor good Berkshire or Poland-China pigs.
MRS. W. P. JACKSON, Olga, P. O., Amelia
county, Va.

COCKERELS, (WycUoff strain )

S. C. WHITE LEGHORNS.

To make room I will sell at $1.50
each. For prize winners write to
C. G. M. FINK, Rosneath Road,

Henrico county, Va.

BROWN LEGHORNS.

Young stock for sale in
Fall. Prices reasonable.
White Plymoath Rocks.
R.W. HAW.Jr., - - Centralia, Va,

Bargains in FINE COCKERELS,

|L50 each for a short time to make room —
8J beat varieties. Large, illustrated Catalogue
free for atamps. Write to-day.

VALLEY POULTRY FARMS.
.1 E. HEATWOLE, Propr., Harrisonburg, Va.

THE PEST OF SPARROWS.

The government has again been giv-
ing some attention to the English spar-
row and, while at this writing no defi-
nite statistics are obtainable, it is
roughly estimated that there are up-
wards of a hundred million of the lit-
tle feathered creatures in this coun-
try. The sparrows have long ago been
voted a pest, but it was not until re-
cently that strenuous efforts have been
made toward their extermination.

"Equip the boys with the Stevens
rifle," says a well known Washington
official, "and the sparrow question
won't be a matter of doubt very long."

This thought is right in line with
the ideas that the J. Stevens Arms &
Tool Co., of Chicopee Falls, Mass., the
well known firearm makers, have been
advocating for some time. The Stev-
ens people have been urging the use
of the small calibir rifir on finnjs
where not only the sparrow, but wood-
chucks, squirrels, crews, hawks are
also sources of nuisance.

As a general proposition it does
scetii reasonable to believe that a man
or boy, armed with a "Stevens" and in-
siriicted in its use, oould soon rid the
ne.Khborhood of the liviii.? crop de-
slvoyors at a small outlav nd have a
lOt of fun himself whila doing the
wovJi.

The clothespress is a swell affair for
garments nice and neat; the hay press
is a good machine and does its work
complete; the cider press is lovely with
its juice so red and sweety but the
printing press controls the world and
gets there with both feet.

LEHMAN CARRIAGE HEATER.

The recent spell of keen weather has
probably made many of our readers
wish for some means of keeping their
buggies warm, thereby adding to the
comfort of enforced travelling. Leh-
man Bros., of New York, have solved
this problem exactly in their Lehman
Heater. This is a simple and cheap
device, ond serves the purpose for
which it was intended most admirably.
Look up the advertisement and send
for catalogue and prices.

"It is said, though there is no evi-
dence to substantiate the assertion,
that a restaurant in Philadelphia al-
ternates Scriptural texts with busi-
ness epigrams, and that the result is
something like this: "The Lord giv-
eth and the Lord taketh away;"
"Watch your hats and overcoats;"
"Man shall not live by bread alone;"
"Try our hamburger steak with on-
ions, 20 cents:" "Take no thought for
your life, what ye shall eat or what
ye shall drink:" "Welsh rabbit and
Lobster a la Newburg to order;" "The
wind passeth over it, and it is gone,
and the place thereof shall know it no
more;" "We positively cannot be re-
sponsible for umbrellas or personal
property."- — Ex.

White Wyandottes, Buff Leg-
horns, Bronze Turkeys.

I can supply a few trios of White
Wyandotte Cockerels and Pullets. Im-
mediate delivery. Fine layers.

Buff Leghorn Cockerels of extra fine
laying strain ready for delivery In No-
vember.

Bronze Turkeys in pairs or trios.
All at reasonable prices.

One U. S. Separator in perfect re-
pair. Capacity 350 pounds milk per
hour. Cost J125. Price, $50.

A. R. VENABLE, Jb.,
Milnwood Dairy Farm.

P. O. Box 147, Farmville, Va.

Barred and White

PLYMOUTH ROCKS

Single and R. C. B. Leghorn, S. L.
Wyandottes, Light Brahma and B.
Minorca Cockerels for sale. $1 per sin-
gle bird; a trio for J3.
J. B. JOHNSON, Clover Hill Farm,

Manassas, Va.

SILVER-LACEDJ :^

"WYANDOTTES.

New blood, choice specimens,
itrong and healthy birds of
fine plumage, ready for atiip-
ment at tl.OO each. Also
pure-bred POLAND-CHINA
PIGS at $5.00 each

Dr. H. H. LEE,

Lexington, Va.

- 3 M. P. D. 5 ^

The above stands lor

TRIO MAMMOTH PEKIN DUCKS

S.5.00 as long as they last.

PERFaCTION POLAND-CHINAS,
PROTECTION DUROC JERSEYS,

Only the best is bred at The Cedars.

-FOR SALE-

n B. Turkevs, Pekin Ducks, White Wyan-
dottes, S. C. B. Leghorn.5 (the great Winter
lavurs) and B. P. Rock ohlokens. Order Now,
arid get the best. Miss CLARA L. SMITH,
Caroline Co. Croxton, Va.

Pure bred B. PLYMOUTH ROCK hens and
pullets from a good laying strain. Also
young Black Minorca Roosters.

MISS S. M. HITER,
Ellisville, Louisa Co., Va.

PURE-BRED

M. BRONZE TURKEYS, GOLDEN and
SILVER PENCILED HAMBURG and BAR-
RED PLYMOUTH ROCK Chickens. Eegs In
se*s«B. Fersale by T. .1. WOOLDRIoac,
French Hay, Va.

MAMMOTH BRONZE TURKEYS

FOK SALE Api ly to

K. E OKKE Crazet, Va.

1 llPnOl PflATO "'■^ handsome, hardy and
ANuUnA UUAlO prolilable For large cir-
cular address E. W. COLE & CO., Big Clilty, Ky.

1903.]

THE SOUTHERlSr PLANTER.

787

ITOCK LICK IT
TDCKLIKEIT

BLACKMAN'S
MEDICATED

SALT BRICK

I The only gn»r»nte«(l Tonic, Blood Panl-
fler, Kidney and Liver Regulator snd
alder of Digestion iot all stock. A
Bure hit on worms. Tioia cannot live.
No dosing, no dreacbing, aod nowaato
of feed, your liorso his own doctor.

1 Endorsed hy thousands

BUdunaa St«ck Remedy Co.

RW Highland Park, Ohattanoosa.Tenn.

LuiRp

Save tbe animal— save vourl
I herd — cure every caso
[ Lump Jaw. The disoasi

■ in time, and it spreads. Only oneway 1!
:e it— use '

Fleming's Lump Jaw Cure

I No trouble-rub it on. Nnripk-vour money I
back if it ever fails. U:^f d f..r seven years
by nearly all the big stockmen. Free book I

I tells you more.

'e^i\d Ril\g-!20I\e

Once hard tn cure— easy now. A liS-min-
ute treaiiii'^tif iI^-l-p it. j o "iliLi- ineLliod j
eo easy— uu uibcr method ;

Fleming's Spavin and Ringbone Paste j

cures even the worst cases— none too old
or bad. M mey batk If it ev.^r lails. Fr-
, Illu»trul4'd honk abnut L mp J::
5pavin, Rincbone. S-lmt, !'■ ■,' Si«j\
and oiher Slock ailnu-iKf'. Writ© fur
FLEMING BROS,, Chemists,

250rnIoii Stock YurJ«, Chh?aeo, 111.

A medicine which makes
side jnimAls well, the diseased
whole, the weak strong and ihe
thin fit. 1: will restore lost Appetite,
cipcl Worms and cure Chronic Cough,
Hejves, Infiuenia. DistcmF*r, Hide-
bound, Indigestion, Constipaticn, Fht-
kutencY ard all Storrudi and B.:'wcl

CATTLE
POWDER

DAVID E.fOUTZ

SMr/Afd/?£,MO.

DEATH TO HEAVES newtoN'S Hean. c*utK ^^

tiaaranteed ^^^ temper and lAdi^itlva Ou»*

ary specific for wlod.

WITH THE ADVERTISERS.

H. P. Coleman & Son, Mulberry Gap,
Tenn.. are otferiug some choice Aber-
deen Angus cattle in this issue.

M. T. Thompson, Rio Vista, has for
sale 1,000,000 cabbage plants and 50,-
000 dahlia and canna bulbs. Look up
his ad.

C. E. Clapp, owner of the Rosemont
Herefords, has a special announcement
in this issue. He is offering some
splendid young stock at bargain
prices.

The Bowmont Farms have some
choice Yorkshire pigs for sale. There
are some 48 about ready for shipment.
Look up the ad and send in your order
at once.

H. Armstrong is offering Dorset
sheep and Hereford catUe in another
column. Some good stock at reason-
able prices can be had here.

Wilson Bros, are advertising a splen-
did bone mill in another column.

C. E. Jones, Carysbrook, Va., has a
splendid offering of Aberdeen Angus
cattle.

Some splendid farms in Piedmont
Virginia can be bought of W. E. Miller,
who has a large ad on another page.

The Smith Manure Spreader Is be-
ing offered to our readers again this
season. Look up the ad.

The Huguenot Poultry Yards are of-
fering some excellent stock at present.

The Sure Hatch Incubator ad makes
its appearance in this number, this be-
ing its second season With us.

Mr. Wm. S. Myers, director of the
Chilian Nitrate Works, has an ad In
this issue, which will interest many of
our readers. •

Several parties are advertising for
farm managers and several farm man-
agers are advertising for positions in
this number.

Mr. F. G. Hogan, the well-known
Kentucky breeder, has a card in this
number. Look up his ad.

Rosedale Stock Farm is advertising
Aberdeen Angus in another column.

The Star Pea Huller is offered our
readers in this issue. Look up the ad
and write for prices.

The Newton Dehorner is advertised
by the H. H. Brown Mfg. Co.

The Achme Harrow is offered to our
readers again this season. Mr D. H.
Nash, manufacturer, would like to send
one out on trial to any one interested.

Look up the ad of the Cyphers Incu-
bator Co.

Dorset Sheep and Collie Pups are ad-
vertised by H. B. Arbuckle. We invite
attention to these ads.

Another new ad in this issue is that
I of E. W. Evans & Co., commission mer-
chants, Richmond, Va.

Mr. Charlie Brown, Cartersville, Va.,
a new advertiser in this issue, won first
prize on Bronze Turkeys, Embden
Geese, and Pekin Ducks at the Rich-
mond Poultry Show, now in progress.

Horse Owners! Use

OOUBAULT'S

Caustic

Balsam

iSafe Speed; and FositiveCDrc
Tlip Saftat, Seat BLISTER ever used. Takea
the place of all Unimenis for mild or severe action.
Removes Bunches or Blemishes from Horace
J?i2 fi'-JflfA SUPERSEDES ALL CAUTERY
OR FIRING. ImfosnbU to produce scar or bUmiaS,
Every bottle sold is warranted to give satisfaction
Price (1. 50 per bottle. Sola by drucKists, oi
lent by express, charsea paid, with full directionc
for its use. Send for descriptive circulars.
rHB LAWRSNCB-WnXIAMS CO.. Cleveland Ot,

Mention the Southern Planter In
writing.

Mammoth Bronze Turkeys,
Poland-China Pigs,

from best prize winning stock. Special
prices for December.

Red Polled Cattle,
Shetland Ponies.

A good saddle horse; fine jumper.

Arrowhead Stock Farm,

SAM'L B. WOODS, Prop., Charlottesville, Va.

THOROUGH-BRED...

Berkshire Boars,
Dorset Buck Lambs,
Jersey Bull Calves.

All stock in best of condition and
guaranteed as represented.
F. T. ENGLISH, GUYS, Q. A. CO., Md.

FGR SaLEi.

Large English Berkshire Hogs,
i^arred Plymouih Rock Chickens

BEN. BOLT, 60747, 430 Iba. aa a yearlUc At
head of herd. r-TEGGS IN SEASON.
JOHN P. FOSTER, Nocreek, Ohio Co., Ky.

.Berkshire Pigs.

M. B. Turkeys from prize winning
.strains. Barred and White Plymouth
Rocks. W. F. FLANAGAN,

Christianslnirg, Va.

.BEHKSHIRES.

A Few Boar Pigs For Sale.

By Mason of Biltmore II, (6S548) from

Registered sow.s — nothing but Biltmore

bio jd in my herd. ROBERT HIBBERT,

Charlottesville, \ a.

Poland Chinas, Chester Whites and
Mammoth Bronze Turkeys at Far-
mers prices

S. M. WISECARVER,

Rustbui.^, Va.

788

THE SOUTHERN^ PLANTER.

[December

SfIaVe ANGUS CATTLE

Lucre of Glendale, 56156;
Jetson 2nd of Clear Lake,
Imp. BrignoU of
I Ballandalloch, will make
1 herds famous.

Also othtr youne stock
f/^/ for sale, suitable for beef
^ -^s^^^ -r breeding,
^^m^i^ •"""* ^- ' °- ^- "'UNLOVE,

MiLTli

, Ind.

ANGUS BULL CALVES

SIRED BY THE
Champion Bull BARON IDA.

These calve.s are choice individuals.

ENGLISH SETTER PUPS.
Sire and dam prize winners.
WARREN RICE, Winchester, Va.

FfFrCOLEMAN & SONS,

MULBERRY GAP. TENN.,

BREEDERS OF —

ABERDEEN=ANQUS CATTLE.

JANNET'S KING, 48271, greatest
•on of ValUnt Knight II., 29331, first
prlz« bull at all three of the Interna-
tional shows, heads the herd. Visi-
tors and correspondence Invited.
Young things for sale.

FOR SALE a Farmer's Prices

A Choice Lot of Pure-bred

ABERDEEN - ANGUS

male calves from 6 to 9
mos. old . sired by a bull
weighing over 2,U0U lbs.
If you want to breed
good beef cattle, you
can make no mistake in
getting the ANGUS.
They can beat the world
on long or .short grass. Also 'J Angora
buck kids at §7 each crated and deliver-
ed at my depot. C.E. JONES, Carysbrook,Va.

ANGUS CATTLE FOR SALE

Low Considering Quality.

1 Reg. Bull, very fine, 10 mos. old.
1 Reg. Bull, 6 mos old. 1 Reg. Bull, 4
mos. old. Lot of I grades bull calves.
1 bull calf out of a Hereford cow by
Reg. Angus bull 5 mos.

The above stock are as fine as can
be found in Virginia, and will be sold
reasonable.

W. M. WATKINS & SONS,

Saxe, Charlotte Co., Va.

MAGAZINES.

The Christmas issue of the Century
Is one of the finest ever sent out by the
publishers. The subject matter of the
number and the illustrations are alike
good. The Century Magazine is an
old favorite with those who know it
and those who do not, do not know
what they miss in the way of entertain-
ing reading and high class literature In
not taking the magazine. We can
supply it in club with The Planter at
a saving in the cost. See our clubbing
list.

Lippincott's Magazine is always a
welcome visitor where it is taken.
Each number contains a complete
novel by some well-known writer or
by some new writer whose ability has
commanded the attention of the Editor.

The Review of Reviews is unique as
a magazine. It deals with the current
events of the day all over the world
and keeps its readers posted on all
questions of public interest the world
over. It also publishes what other
magazines have to say on these sub-
jects.

Cosmopolitan. This is one of the
best cheap magazines, and it Is always
finely illustrated.

Don't forget that whatever magazine
you may select for yourself for the
coming year, St. Nicholas for young
folks belongs somewhere in your fam-
ily. No home with children is com-
plete without it. It is the best maga-
zine of its kind in the world. No bet-
ter magazine can be published. Send
to The Century Co., Union Square. New
York, for a free specimen number and
see if you are not convinced that it Is
a necessity in your family. J3 a year.
Less than one cent a day. Is the right
kind of reading for your child worth
it?

The Century Magazine — "The best In
the world" — a strong statement, but a
true one. The Century has led Amer-
ican magazines for more than thirty
years; it publishes articles that make
people think, stories that entertain and
are literature, pictures by the world's
greatest illustrators. Its illustrations
in color are unsurpassed. The Century
is not cheap in any sense; it costs %i
a year, and it is worth the price. Try
The Century this year, if you are not
already taking it. The Century Co.,
Union Square, New Yor.

The Century will publish during the
coming year a daring and unique
piece of historical writing — namely,
The Youth of Washington, told in the
form of an autobiography by Dr. S.
Weir Mitchell, LL. D., author of "Hugh
Wynne." Dr. Mitchell, in whose fa-
mous "Hugh Wynne" General Wash-
ington appeared as a character of the
novel, with general acceptation, and
whose address in Philadelphia on Feb-
ruary 22, 1903. showed strong imagina-
tive sympathy with his subject, has
made an exhaustive study of the here-
dity, circumstances, and events which
fitted the son of a Virginia planter for
one of the greatest careers in history.
Dr. Mitchell imagines Washington sit-

: RBQISTERED :

SHORTHORN CATTLE.

Special prices on bred cows and
cows with calf at foot and bred again.
These calves are by and the cows bred
to the great winning bull. Valley
Champion. Some grand young helfera
and bulls always on hand and for sale.
Registered Duroc Jersey hogs.
IDLEBROOK FARH,

FRANK G. HOGAN, Box D. O'Ban-
non, Ky.
Geo. C. Hardy. Manager.

PURE BRED

Short Horn Calves

from fine Stock. Also

Yorkshire Pigs

of very Prolific Breed.

JAS. n. HOQE, Hamilton, Va.

SPRINQWOOD SHORTHORNS.

SPECIAL OFFERING.

4 yearling bulls, sired by Verbena's cham-
pion No. 129881. One two-year-old POLAND
CHINA Boar, a fine breeder, recorded bred la
Ohio, sired by Guy Wilkes.

Good 8 weeks' old POLAND CHINA Plgi,
J5.00 each. Pedigrees furnished with all stock
sold. Inspection invited.

WM. T. THRASHER, Sprlnfwocd, Va.

ELLERSLIE FARMV_
Thoroaghbred Horses

AND SHORTHORN CAHLE,

Pure S«'athdoi)7ii Ske«p
and Berkshire Pigs.

Fo« Sale. R. J. HANCOCK & SON,

CH.\BLOTrESVILLK, Va.

COOK'SCREEK HERD

Scotch-Topped
Shorthorns^*.

Herd Headed by Governor Tyler, 15S5 48.
Young Bulls for sale. Inspection and corres-
pondence Invited.
HEATWOLE & SUTER, Dale Enterprise* Va.

.. WOODLAND DORSETS ..

Won 6 first wlt'u 8 possible at Columbus, 0.,
7 out of 8 at Pontlac, Mich., and 6 out of I
at Grand Rapids, Mich., with strong compe-
tition at all three places. Our Fall Lamb
crop from Imp. Flower Ram la the finest
quality we ever raised.

J. B. ■WING & BROS.,
Mechanicsburg, Ohio.

DQR_SETSANDHEREFORDS.

Somt Exceptionally Rare Barfalns lo Quick Bayers.

My herd bull, bull calves and Dorset

bucks. Registered stock.
H. ARMSTRONS, LANTZ MILLS, va.

1903.]

THE SOUTHEEN PLANTER.

789

REQISTERED

IMMUNE HEREFORDS.

Sale of 60 head at AUBURN, ALABAMA.
February 3, 1904.

Under the management and auspices of the
Alabama State Experiment Station. Thti
consignment Is a pick of four of the best
herds In Kentucky. Bulls and Females of
ages to suit all. IMMUNE to Southern fever
by INOCULATION.

For particulars and Illustrated catalogues
address QILTNER BROS., Eminence Ky., or
Auburn, Ala.

We have a choice lot of cows, bulls and
belters tor sale at our Kentucky Farms.
Prices are reasonable. Write us before buy-
ing elsewhere.

V.P.I.

Farm Bulletin

We are now offering some choice young
'Bulls of the foUowiug breeds:

Shorthorn, Hereford, Aberdeen-Angus.

Write lit once for pHiligrcer^ and prices.

D. 0. NOURSE, Prof, of Agr.
Blacksburg, Va.

Bd A.

JERSEY BULLS
AND HEIFERS.

Swift Creak Stock and Dairy Farm
1^^^^^^^^^^^^ Has for sale a large num-
^^^H^^^^^^^^Bj ber nice young regla-

TSt

None better bred la the S*utk. Csmklning
closely tke most noted an4 uy-t*-4at» kl»o4
In America. Bulls 10 to 12 B*ntks eld, |35;
Heifers, same age. »SS. FOLAND CHINA
PIGS, a each. Sen* cksck aB4 get wkat
>ou «'Ut.

T. P. BRASWELL, Prop." Battleboro, N. C.

ESSEX PIGS.

Some fine ones, not
related, from record-
'ed stock; also30 South-
down and Hampshire-
down Lambs, address
L. Q JONES, Bethania, N. C.

.-. HAWKLEY STOCK FARM .-.

Offers some very fine
BERKSHIRE PI GS; also choice young
BOAES. Nothing but Tops sold. A few fine S.
C. B. LEGHORN Cockerels left : from extra fine
layers. J. T. OLIVER. Aliens Level, Va.

:Tr^ 0. 1, c. PIGS

It** FROn REG. STOCK.
EOR SALE. PRICES RIGHT.
S. MICHIE, Charlottesville, Va.

- FOR SALE

A half SHROPSHIRE RAM in fine condi-
tion, or will exchange for grade POLAND-
CHINA Pigs. R. A. MAPP,
Jacksondale, Va.

ting down at Mount Vernon in his old
age and recording, solel> for his own
eye, the story of his "youthful life and
the influences that aifected it for good
or 111 " The author has so fully enter-
ed into the habit of mind of Washing-
ton that it is impossible for the ordi-
nary reader to separate in the text the
passages taken out of his actual writ-
ings from those which Dr. Mit"lip'l
imagines him to write. No one can
read this record without obtaining a
new and vivid sense of the personality
of Washington and of the remarkable
experiences which made him the man
for the hour and for all time.

"The tinted illustrations . . . .
testify to the steady progress of an art
which must in the end make the maga-
zine of more permanent and vital in-
terest."

'nnz INFLUENCE OF THE YOUTH'S
COMPANION.

The gospel of good cheer brightens
every page of The Youth's Companion.
Although the paper is nearly seventy-
seven years of age, it does not look
back on the past as a better period
than the present.

The Companion believes that the
time most full of promise is the time
we are living in, and every weekly
issue reflects this spirit of looking for-
ward and not back.

To more than half a million Amer-
ican families it carries every week its
message of cheer. Its stories picture
the true characteristics of the young
men and women of America. Its arti-
cles bring nearly three million read-
ers in touch with the best thought of
the most famous of living men and
women.

Annual Announcement Number fully
describing the principal features of
The Companion's new volume for 1904
will he sent to any address free.

The new subscriber for 1904 will re-
ceive all the issues of The Companion
for the remaining weeks of 1903 free
from the time of subscription, also
The Compaion Calendar for 1904, lith-
ographed in twelve colors and gold.
THE YOUTH'S COMPANION,
144 Berkeley St. Boston, Mass.

REPORTS.

U. S. Department of Agriculture, Wash-
ington, D. C. Bureau of Animal
Industry. Nineteenth Annual Re-
port, 1902. This is a most valua-
ble report, and ought to be in the
hands of every stock keeper. Ap-
ply to your Senator or Congress-
man for a copy.
Farmers' Bulletin, No. 181. Pruning.
Bureau of Plant Industry. Bulletin
44. The Bitter Rot of Apples.

Arizona Experiment Station, Tuscon,
Arizona. Bulletin 46. The Un-
derground Waters of Arizona.
Bee Products in Arizona.

Kansas State Board of Agriculture,
Topeka. aKn. Report for the
Quarter, September 30, 1902.
Modern Dairying. This is one of
the most useful reports yet issued

-'^'^-"^'^'^^'^'^^^ -

RERKSHIRE<?

ANNEFIELD HERD

Represents the

Finest Blood Lines

in England or America.

Stock for sale at all times,

Xlorrespondence Solicited.

Inspection invited.

EDW. G. BUTLER, Annefield jFarms,

Briggs, Clarl<e Co., Va.

ANQORA GOATS.

A few pairs for sale — High grade!,
J15; Registered, $40 per pair.

JEREMY IMPROVEMENT CO.,
SAXE, VA.

150 Jacks, Jennets and Mules.

Beit assortment I ever swned. Can
suit you exactly. Write for descrip-
tion and prices. Also
will sell 2 Percheron
BtaUlons at close fij-
ures.

BAKER'S JACK FARM,
Lawrent*. Ind.

Knight & Jetton,

Breeders of and Dealers In

J;icks, Jennets, Stallions.

Durham and Hereford

YEARLINGS.

Send stamp for Catalogue.

Murfreesboro, Tenn.

!fcs

Jacks, Jennets and stallions

FOR SALE. riNI JiCKi i.
Sr»ciALTY. Whtn writing
state exactly what yau wamt
or come ard B«e our itock,

W. E. KNIQHT & CO.,
Roote 5. NuhTllle, Teoo.

790

THE SOUTHEEN PLANTER.

[December

by this Board, and ought to be In
the hands of every dairyman. Like
every report sent out under the
hand of Mr. Coburn, the able sec-
retary of the Board, it is worthy
of the highest praise. The Kansas
Board, under the direction of Mr.
Coburn, is one which never re-
quires to justify its existence. Its
works do this for it. Would that
we could say the same of all other
Boards.

New Mexico Experiment Station, Me-
silla Park. New Mex. Bulletin 47.
Shade Trees and Other Ornamen-
tals.

Ohio Experiment Station, Wooster, O.
Bulletin 141. The Maintenance of
Fertility.

Tennessee Experiment Station, Knox-
ville, Tenn. Bulletin, Vol. XVI..
No. 3. Corn, Wheat and Soy Bean
Meal for Pork Production.
Bulletin, Vol. XVII., No.4. The In-
fluence of Climate and Soil on the
Composition and Milling Qualities
of Winter Wheat.

Virginia Weather Service, Richmond,
Va. Report for October, 1903.

Washington State College Bulletin,
Pulman, Wash. The Dairy Cow —
Nature Study.

Imperial Department of Agriculture
for the West Indies, Barbadoes.
W. I. Agricultural News.

THE KING'S PLAN.

A story is told of an attempt made
by a Swedish missionary to obtain a
foothold in Abyssinia. No sooner had
he begun to preach than he was
brought before King Menelek, who
asked him why he had left his home In
Scandinavia in order to come to Abys-
sinia. The missionary promptly re-
plied that he had come to convert the
Abyssinian .Tews, who are regarded as
fair game for the outside propagandist.

"Are there no Jews in your coun-
try?" asked Menelek.

The missionary admitted that there
were a few.

"And in all the countries that you
have passed throusjh did you find no
Jews or heathen?" the king continued.

Jews and heathen, the missionary
admitted, were plentiful.

"Then," said Menelek, "carry this
man beyond the frontier, and let him
not return until he has converted all
the Jews and heathen which lie be-
tween his country and mine." — Argo-
vaiit.

Noah was the first man to advertise.
He advertised the flood and it came
all ri.sht. The fellows who laughed at
the advertising got drowned and it
served them right. Even since Noah's
time the advertiser has beer prosper-
ing, while the other fellow is being
swallowed up in the flood of disaster.
—Ex.

A neat Binder for your back nnm-
bers can he had for 25 cents. Addreu
our Business OflBco.

HOG BOOK FREE

A copy of my book, "HOGOLOGY," revised
and enlarged, will be sent Free to any hog
raiser who mentions this paper when asking
for it. A few of the many important subjects
that are thoroughly covered in this valuable
book are: Descriptions and illustrations of
the leading breeds of swine; swine-record as-
sociations; best location for hog-raising; se-
lecting a breed; what constitutes a good hog
for the farmer: value of a good boar; value of
a pedigree; breeding; care of the sow: rearing
fall pigs; fecundity of sows; practical foods;
the nint pig: when to market; inbreeding;
anatomy of the hog (fully Illustrated): dis-
eases and treatment, etc., etc.

TRADE-MARK.

I Insure Hogs and Pay for All That Die

When my Remedy is used as a preventive. Write for plan. This Remedy Is a MEDICINE
especially for hogs, and must not be confounded with cheap "stock foods." 27 years un-
equalled success and the biggest money maker for hog raisers known.

PRICES:— 25-lb. can, $12.60; 12V4-lb. can, $6.50, prepaid; pkgs., J2.50, $1.25 and 50c. each.
None genuine without my signature on package or can label.

JOS. HAAS, V. S., Indianapolis, Ind.

I^ARG^B YOKKSJ»IR£ HOGS

THE COMING BACON BREED-
THE MOST PROLiriC BREED-

48 pigs from four litters, ready for December delivery — our Fall
prices always the lowest.

INDIAN GAMES, the fashionable table fowl.

WHITE LEGHORNS, the greatest layers.

WHITE WYANDOTTES, the best all round fowl. Also

JERSEY BULLS and HEIFERS from cows with recorded but-
ter tests of 18 to 24 lbs. in 7 days.

BOWMONT FARMS, Salem, Va.

BERK5HIRES,

I have just added to my herd, 2 new Im-
ported and extremely fancy BOARS: 1 bred
by J. A. Fricker, Burton Mere, Wiltshire,
Eng , and the other from the herd of K. VV .
Hudson, DanesHeld, Eng. Imported Sir
John Bull and Uticle Sam are still in my
herd. I made a large shipment of pigs Nov. 17th, having orders from New York to
Mexico I rever was was as strong on boar pigs as NOVV. Both pigs and price will
suit you. Be sure to start with a new boar for Spring litters.

THOS. S. WHITE, Fassifern Stock Farm, Lexington, Va.

Remember me when pricing SHORTHORNS (Durhams) . I also oSer i cars
of bright timothv hav.

MAJESTIC nfu SHELLER.

labor-saving^ machine meets the imperative demands of

^ farmers, feed stores, railisaud elevator men. Itisfuruished

either mounted or unmounted with wagon box elevator

or double sacking elevator as illustrated. Its capacity la

-.^

75 to 1 00 Bushels An Hour.

Tliemountcilsli.^ll.r is peculiarly adaptp.l to carrying on

i^ ,1 profitable n(:iKhburh*)iid busiuesa in custom shelling. -It willnot

*l '^'^'t^\ choke, is pei-teet working in sacking and tee.linp; attaohment.i.

1^' " ' .f'^J 1 ISnilt for lonjr, efBcient service and fully gunrantcod. We make 20

"^ styles of shellers, both hand and power. Ask for free citalogue.

KEYSTONE FARM MACHINE CO., 1 5B4 N. Baavar SI., York, Pa.

1903.] THE SOUTHERiS^ PLANTER. 791

.. FRUIT and PODLTBY FARM ..

OFFERS FOR A LIMITED TIME ONLY AT $1,00 EACH:

400 Barred Plymouth Rock Cockerels and Pullets.

100 S. C. Brown Leghorn " " " .

50 White Leghorn Pullets.

30 " Wyandotte Cockerels.

30 " Plymouth Rock Cockerels.

76 Silver=Laced Wyandotte Cockerels and Puilets.

10 Black Minorca Cockerels.

This^stock^is well-bred and will give satisfaction. Also offer 25 BARRELS of WHITE FRENCH

and JERUSALEM ARTICHOKES at $2.00. Try them now so you

will be ready when it is time to plant.

P. H. HEYDENREICH, Prop., .' .' .' Staunton, Va.

BILTMORE FARMS, = Biltmore, N. C. i

Headquarters for GOLDEN LAD JERSEYS,

Also Get of TREVARTH and GEN. MARIGOLD. .^ j* j*

UOLDEN LAD S SUCCESSOR. First and sweepstake.s over all at the Pan-American Exposition, the
champion JERSEY BULL OF AMERICA, and out of Golden Ora, our great prize-winning cow, both
born and developed on these Farms, is among om- service bulls.

Biltmore Jerseys are a combination of large and persistent milking qualities with an individuality
that wins in the show ring.

SPECIALTY. Write for descriptive circular of the best lot of young bull calves ever offered, both for
breeding and individuality. They are by noted sires and out of large and tested selected dams. Many
of the'^e calves are fit to show and win in any company.

J^ J^ BILTMORE POULTRY YARDS. j. J^

SPECIALTY. Write for descriptive circular of eggs from our prize-winning pens. Over 50 yards to select
from, made up of the winners at the leading shows for the last two seasons. If you want winners you
must breed from winners.

Headquarters for the best IMPORTED ENGLISH BERKSHIRES.

APPLY TO BILTMORE FARMS, biltmore, n. c.

792

THE SOUTHERN PLANTER.

[December

EMILY'S CHARGE.
A Serial Tale by Mary Washington

CH.V.PTER VI.

About the time Walter was fifteen
to Emily's great relief, a way was
opened for him to go on with the
studies which she no longer felt com-
petent to teach him. The clergyman
of the parish, who was an aocom
plished scholar, made up a class of
boys to teach in those branches, three
times a week. He had two little daugh-
ters whom he was anxious to have in-
structed in music, so Emily proposed
an exchange of lessons, and as the
clergyman willingly acceded to this
arrangement, Emily had the happiness
of securing for her brother those ad-
vantages which she had feared would
be out of his reach. The clergyman
proved a kind and helpful friend in
many ways. Amongst others, he lent
them many valuable new books and
periodicals, introducing them thus to
many fine writers who had entered the
fleld of letters since they had ceased
to have means to buy new books, or
subscribe to periodicals. As Emily
had been almost entirely debarred
from periodicals for several years, it
was a great enjoyment to her to have
access to them again. It is a kind of
literature that cannot be supplied by
any books, however fine, and to per-
sons living in an isolated situation it
is esperially important, if they wish
to remain at all in touch with the out-
side world with its mighty onward
rushing current of spiritual, intellec-
tual and material activities. Walter,
from not having had many advantages,
learned to prize such as came within
his roach in a way that would have
surprised more favored boys who are
apt to think they are conferring an ob-
ligation on their parents or teachers
when they deign to avail themselves
of the educational advantages lav-
ished on them. He was studious and
quick, so he kept apace with the other
boys who were preparing for college,
though there seemed no prospect of
his ever goin.s there, himself. But
his mind was so receptive of knowl-
edge that Emily felt no uneasiness now
about his being an ignoramus, even if
he should never enter the doors of a
college. He had changed and devel-
oped very much and very rapidly since
they had lived at the cottage. He was
naturally of an easy, careless, pleas-
ure loving temperament, but the cir-
cumstances under which he was grow-
ing up had done much to counteract
this natural bent and to bring out
nobler traits. These simple and inno-
cent modes of life, the necessity for him
to exert and deny himself, his love for
his sisters, and theirs for him, all
these things had conspired to early de-
velop the careless boy into a manly
and thoughtful youth. Already he was
beginning to assume a tone of protec-
tive tenderness to his sisters, and Em-
ily felt that the day was not very far
distant when he and herself would re-
verse positions, and she would begin
to lean on and look up to him.

Bargains in CATTLE.

Having sold my farm, I offer a sijlendid lot of cattle at very reas-
onable prices. I must sell them as I have no place to winter them-

22 3-yr. old Angus Heifers, f^ pure).

2 3-yr. old Grade Sborthorn Heifers.

All of these heifers to have their second calves next year by a Reg. Angus Bull.

18 calves from above Angus Heifers by a Reg. Angus Bull.

1 half-bred yearling Angus Heifer.

I 6 mos. old half-bred Angus H«ifer calf

1 Registered 2 yr. oil Angus Bull.

I would like you to come and see these cattle. Come to Danville, Va., and take
the D. & W. cars to Oak Hill, Va.

W. p. BETH ELL, Wenoda, Va.

. ABERDEEN-ANGUS CATTLE ..

The best breed in the
world for grading up
purposes.

Pure-bred bulls from 3
mos. to 4 yrs. old. Prices
$50 to $150 according to
age and quality.

None but good indi-
viduals sent out.
Call and see them, or write for what you need.

ROSEDALE STOCK FARM, Jeffersonton, Culpeper Co., Va.

SUNNY HOME HERD OF

ABERDEEN-ANGUS CATTLE.

BAKON ROSEBOY 57666 by the great GAY BLACKBIRD, heads the herd.

Our motto, "QUALITY first, last, and all the time." Our aim, to produce the
best cattle possible. Price.s as low as is consistent with first quality. Write for
what you want to

A. L. FRENCH, R. F. D., Byrdville, Va.

Depot and shipping point Fitzgerald, Rockingham Co., N. C, D. & W. Railway,
24 miles southwest of Danville, Va.

'Jtxyu2t3u:ix>t*xxxi3t3i;<^

i m OFFER

a few well-bred registered Jersey
Bull and heifer Calves at $30 each.
They are four months old and from best strains of this
breed ; also a few young Berkshire boars large enough
for service at $15 each, and pigs ^eight weeks old at $6
each — by pair or trio, not akin.

M. B. ROWE & CO., - Fredericksburg, Va

*>eje««c««««««jx»:jc««wcjcjeje«icjex«^^

1903.]

THE SOUTHERN PLANTER.

793

But neither "the course of true love'
nor any thing else in this mortal life
is destined to run smoothly, always,
and this fact, the orphans experi-
enced in the fourth year of their so
journ at the cottage. That summer
being an unfortunate one for fruit and
vegetables, they scarcely realized any
thing at all from these sources. Emily
looked forward, however to relieving
their little fortunes by means of her
school, in the autumn. Judge then,
what was her dismay when the School
Trustees informed her (which tJiey did
very reluctantly) that it was against
the regulations to locate the school at
the same place, that year as it had al-
ready been located in one place as long
as it was allowable to do so consecu-
tively. They now had to remove it to
another locality, quite out of her
range, so during the ensuing session,
she had to eke out a scanty living by
teaching a small private school. I
may anticipate the course of my nar-
rative, however, by saying that her
school was given back to her next ses-
sion to the great rejoicing of the chil-
dren and neighbors around her. The
neighbors had become so much at-
tached to the orphans that during the
term when Emily was deprived of the
public school, they took care, in many
kind and thoughtful ways, to do all
they could to fill up the breach, send-
ing them many substantial proof.'; ofi
kindness, in the shape of suppers. Dur-
ing this time of straitness, Emily could
not help having at times a heart sink-
ing fear lest after all, their little
household might have to disband, and
she might have to give up the under-
taking that was the cherished object
of her life, but she was enabled to
weather the storm by the kindness of
her friends and neighbors, the pittance
she got from her few pupils, and the
proceeds of a silver urn and ladle she
had kept for extremities. These were
old fashioned pieces of silver that were
heirlooms in her mother's family, and
their kind friend, the clergyman ef-
fected the sale of them to a friend of
his who was an enthusiast about old
fashioned silver and articles in gen-
eral. When she heard the history of
the orphans, she being wealthy and
generous, as well as kind hearted,
added $25.00 more to the already lib-
eral sum she had agreed to give for the
silver so the fund from this source
was of very great assistance in main-
taining the orphans. They had been
living at the cottage about five years
when, one day, a visitor was announced
whose name was dimly familiar to
Emily as a memory of her childhood.
It was that of a man who had former-
ly been a friend and neighbor of the
Henninghams. but who had gone West,
several years before the war.

He told her he had recently re-
turned from the West and had just
been to his old neighborhood where,
said he. "I felt disposed to quote
Moore's lines.

"I feel like one who treads alone
Some banquet hall deserted."

Established 1828.

75 Years.

BUIST'S
GARDEN SEED5.

o. pUR SPECIALTY is the growing of Garden Seeds from Selected Seed
Stock.? Tlie great importance of following this system for the production
of Seeds to insure fine vegetables is familiar to all gardeners ; if vegetables
from which seeds are grown are inferior or impure, so must their product be.

Ih YOU HAVE a Garden, send for Buist's Qarden Guide for the
South ; edition for 1904 now ready.

'P YOU ARE a Marked Gardener, .send for Our Wholesale Price
List for Truckers, now ready.

IF YOU ARE a Country Merchant, send for Our Wholesale Trade
Price List, now ready.

ROBERT BUIST COMPANY,

SEED GROWERS,

PHILADELPHIA, PA.

Reg. HOLSTEIN-FRIESIAN

CATTLE of the Netherland, De Kol, Clothilde, Pietertje

and Artis families. Heavy milkers aud rich in butter

fat. Stock of all ages for sale.

Reg. BERKSHIRES ^''°'" "^'^^ strains. Imported HeadUght, Lord
Highclere and Sunrise.

DORSET SHEEP=^

B. PLYMOUTH ROCK CHICKENS,

N. <fe W. and Southern R. R.

T. O. SANDY, Burkevllle, Va.

Hill Top Stock Farm.

BERKSHIRE HOGS and
SOUTHDOWN SHEEP

=A Specialty.=

S. Brown Allen, who succeeds H. A. S.
Hamilton & Co. in the ownership and man-
iigement of this celebrated Stock Farm,

with increased facihties, will make a

pecialty of breeding Berkshire Hogs and Southdown Sheep, without regard to cost
from the purest and most royal strains of imported blood. '

My Berkshire: pigs

For this Fall dehvery will weigh 100 pounds at 12 weeks of age, and for INDIVID-
UAL MERIT cannot be excelled in the United States. They will make show hogs
against any and all competitors and are being engaged every day.

S. BROWN ALLEN, Staunton, Virginia, (Successor to H. A. S. Hamilton & Co.)

ABERDEEN ANGUS BULLS

FOR SALE.
"'E.vry BvU a SHo-w Bull."

The choicest lot of young bulls in Southwest Vir-
ginia, all out of prize winning families at low prices.
Do you want a bargain? If so, come and see us, or
Address W. P. ALLON, Prop of Qlen Allen Stock
Farip, Walnut Hill, Va.

f94

THE SOUTHERN PLANTER.

[December

So changed was the dear old place.
Not the least sad of the changes was to
find that your father was dead, and his
children no longer owning his old
home. I not only wished to see him
on account of our friendship, but I
had some business to transact with
him. I have sought you out as his
representative."

"What is the business you speak
of?" asked Emily.

"It involves a little history of which
I will tell you. Many years ago I fell in-
to such business difficulties that noth-
ing remained but for me to wipe out
and start fresh. I had a notion to try
my fortunes in the West, but the Jour-
ney and contingent expenses, together
with some little debts I had to settle
before starting required about Jl.OOO.
Your father who was very prosperous
at the time, volunteered to lend me the
sum. and declined to take my bond
for it. saying. 'I know you will return
it, if you are ever able, and if not, you
may accept it as a gift.' I need not
say this .eenerous confidence bound me
more strenuously than any legal form
could have done to return the loan
whenever it was in my power. I did
not arrive at any sudden and fairylike
prosperity in the West. Few people
do. Then our communication with the
East was cut off during the war, so I
could not have returned the money
then, even if I had had it. Since the
war. I have had my ups and downs,
and have only attained anything like
reliable prosperity in the last year or
two. But the delay seems to have been
providential, for had I paid this score
sooner, it might have been swallowed
up in the general wreck of your fath-
er's fortunes. As it is, I hope it may
prove of some service to his children."

With tears of emotion . Emily
thanked her kind friend. She had
known nothing of the transaction and
there existed no proof of it except on
his memeorj'.

"That money was loaned me," re-
sumed he. "long enough ago to have
doubled itself, if I had borrowed it
from a regular money lender. There-
fore I consider it only just to return
it to you double," and so saying, he
handed her his check for $2,000.

Emily protested against this. The
transaction, she reminded him, had
been a purely friendly transaction, and
should not be conducted as with a
money lender.

"The money your father lent me,
my dear young lady, has 1 enofitted roe
at the time far more than many limes
the same sum would do now. It gave
me a start, and now I am both willing
and able to return it with interest, and
it is only just I should do so." So
saying, he took his leave.

She then hastened to tell Walter and
Alice of their good fortune.

"What a windfall!" exclaimed Wal-
ter, in boyish glee.

"Nay." said Emily, reverentially
raising her eyes towards heaven. "Not
a windfall, but a God send."

Our readers may imagine the state

Black Leg Yaccine

Pasteur Vaccine Co. s/S'f^bc

ROSEMONT HEREFORDS.

^i^TJl^Us ACROBAT 68460,

SPECIAL NOTICE! 10 nice, weU-bred heifers, safe in calf
to Acrobat, will be sold at very reasonable tigures,
C. E. CLAPP. Berryville, Clarke Co., Va.

^CR^iB^^ sqam

VIRGINIA HEREFORDS.

Herd beaded by tbe Champion

PRINCE RUPERT, 79539.

Correspondeoce Solicited. Impection Invited.

EDWARD G. BUTLER,

Annefieid Faniis. BRIGGSv Oarke Co., Va.

PRINCE RUPERT. 79,539

Bacon Hall Farm.

Hereford REGISTERED Cattle

"TOP" BREEDINQ, CALVES NOT AKIN.
MOTTO— Satlsfaction^or no sale.

E. M. GILLET & SON,

Qlencoe, flaryland.

.HEREFORD CATTLE.

Service Bulls; Imported Salisbury 760.i9 (19083), a grand-
son > f the famou.s Grove 3il 2490, and a descendant of the]
world renowned Lord Wilton 40b7 from the 4th generation.

Snowball, the dam of Salisbury, is now in the herd of His
Majestv King Edward VII.

Lars', Jr., la by Lars of Western fame and his dam is Judy out of a Sir Kichard
2nd cow This ruakes a great combination of the Grove 3d, Lord Wilton, Anxiety.
Peerles.sAVilton and Sir Kichard 2nd strains. No better breeding in the world today,

FOIi SALE— Yearling bulls by above sires. WANTED— Keg. Hereford heifers, 18
to 24 months old, not bred; will exchange bulls for heifers of equal quaUty.

Extremely low prices to close out this bunch; only a few left.

Write vour needs or call and make your own .selection.

MURRAY BOOCOCK, Owner, Keswick, Alb. Co.,Va. ^

KtswirK Is on tbe C. & O. Ky.,
ear ChnrlottesTtlle, Virgloia.

When corresponding with oar adyertUen always mention the
Boutktm Pknttm:

1903.]

THE SOUTHERN PLANTER.

795

of pleasant excitement into which this
treasure trove threw the orphans.
Emily's first impulse was to give Wal-
ter a collegiate course with the money,
sustaining Alice and herself still by
her school. Walter was now in his
18th year, a tall, fine looking, raanly
youth, the joy and pride of his sister's
heart. He had already began to judge
and decide for himself, and some-
times more wisely than his first im-
pulses suggested.

"No, sister," said he. "This cannot
and ought not to be. It would be like
eating up seed corn. I never mean to
go to cQllege, unless I can first earn
the money myself. I will not use for
this purpose money that ought to be so
Invested as to contribute to your and
Alice's support."

They called in their kind friend, the
clergyman, for consultation, and one
or two of the other neighbors, in whose
judgment and good wishes, they felt
an especial confidence. After a long
consultation as to how the money could
be invested so as to yield the best and
most lasting results, the general opin-
ion was that it would be wisest to in-
vest it in a small grazing and ffuit
farm, reserving enough of the fund to
get a small flock of sheep, a few head
of stock, and enough young fruit trees
to set out a good sized orchard.

What gave additional weight to this
advice was the fact that a small farm
suitable to their purposes, was actually
on the market, very near their present
location. They already had the nu-
cleus of a good orchard, and had ac-
quired some knowledge and experience
in the line of fruit culture, and so it
seemed wisest for them to go on from
this starting point, especially as this
was a section peculiarly well adapted
•to the cultivation of orchard fruits.
In the course of a few months, they
carried into effect the plan proposed by
their friends, and though I cannot
startle my reader by any recital of how
the sheet), cattle and fruit trees proved
invulnerable to accident and disease,
and marvelously "remunerative, still
under Walter's careful tendance, they
throve very well, and year by year, in-
creased and improved as he gained
greater experience and skill In the
care of thrtn. These resources were
sufficient to yield the orphans a com-
fortable support, together with Emily's
school.

Walter, meanwhile, did not neglect
to keep up his studies under the cler-
gyman, and to read, as much as he had
an opportunity to do, and owing to
this, as well as to the refining influ-
ence of his sisters, he escaped being
awkward and rustic. He looked for-
ward now to attending an Agricultural
College near him. a session or two, as
he had gotten things in sufficiently
good shape to justify him in leaving
them on Mr. Wheeler's hands during
his absence.

(To be Continued.)

CH.VPTER V.

("Dandy little bouquets" should
read "Dainty little bouquets.")

ARMOUR'S BLOOD MEALTcMr

First proved by the Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station, and s!nc«

corroborated by thousands of leading stockmen who have used it without

• tingle failure. Equally effective for the diarrhea of all animals.

PREVENTS vreaJc bones, paralrsis of the hind legs and "thumps"

in pigs; "big head" of foals; "rickets" of all joung animals;

abortion due to incomplete nutrition, and a host of other troubles.

A Potent Food for Work Horses, Dairy Cows, Poultry.

Write us for booklet giving valuable information about Blood Meal and our
other feeding products. Consult us free of charge regarding stock diseases.

THE ARMOUR FERTILIZER WORKS,
Chlcaso. Omaha. Baltimore. Atlanta. Jacksonville.

F
O
R

S
A

L
E

BERHSHIRESPIGS

of choice breeding, and to make ^them more desir-
able, they arejfine^individuals, properly fed; there-
fore they develop well. Write-

Forest Home Farm,

Purcellville, - - Virginia.

X ClSMONT DORSETS

X —

X

V ClSMONT STOCK FARM ofi-ers weU developed young

\j> Dorsets of the best blood of England and America.

Prices Reasonable.

G. S. UNDENKOHL, Keswick, Albemarle Co., Va.

. EDGEWOOD STOCK FARM

DORSET SHEEP.

Breeding DORSETS our business for 12 years. We can now offer Dorsets of high qual-
ity. Our ewes Iamb in the fali. We have fall lambs now ready. Last season these lambs
weighed 135 pounds in June. Allow us to insist that you buy only GOOD SHEEP when
you buy Dorsets. Dorset sheep have a special place in Virginia. No other breed can take
their place in the early lamb business. Write us for facts to prove this. We ship our
sheep on approval.

J. D. ARBUCKLE, Greenbrier County. H. B. ARBUCKLE, Maxwelton, W. Va.

lUustrated catalog of farm \
hinery and
plemenu,

AJAX

Center Crank
ENGINE

FARQUHAR

"^P

Portable Saw Mills

with Engines and Boilers Complete.

Made in scTen sizes, friction feed, cable
lightning gig, patent chain set works and
improved dogs. AJAX CENTER
CBANK ENGINES are congtructed
with especial reference to the peculiar
wurk required of them. This com-
bination of engine and mill
makes the beat eawmiil
outfit on earth.

A.B.FarquharCo.,Ltd

York, Pa. <.

79G

THE SOUTHERN PLANTER.

[December

IMPORTED BERKSHIRES AT BILT-
MORE FARMS.

In addition to the large and choice
importation of brood sows which the
Biltmore Farms selected during the
last summer and bought out in June,
they have just received by "S. S. Geor-
gic" tour young sows — the prize win-
ning pen of pigs at the English Royal
in 1903. They were bred by His Royal
Highness. Prince Christian, and were
bought almost as much for the blood
lines represented through sire and dam
as for their winning at the Royal, and
they are certainly a good example of
like producing like, and may safely be
countd on to produce themselves. Be-
ing by Handley Cross, a son of History,
and out of Highclere Gem VI., they
are full sisters to the first prize aged
sow and reserved for championship at
the Royal, and also by the same boar
as Lord Lyon, a young boar that was
selected by Biltmore Farms as being
the best young boar that they could
find in England. This last lot has
added to the offering of imported sows
which will be sold in February on the
Farms, making 70 head in all. These
sows themselves are of the very richest
breeding and the best individuaMtv
that could be found in all England.
AH are either prize winners themselves
or are out of prize winners, and are
being bred to the very best of boars
after careful stuly of the blood lines,
so as to select the best possible nicl<s.
Among these boars are the following:

No. ]. Danesfield Warrior (a son of
that sire of many prize winners, Manor
Favorite), champion and winner of
first in class at the English Royal in
1902, and many other firsts at leading
shows, including the Royal the year
before.

No. 2. Lord Lyon, a son of Handy |
Man, and consequently a half brother
to the first prize pen of sows at the
Royal, and was described by Mr. Chap-
man (a prominent breeder) as one of
the best young boars that had ever left
England. He combines style and finish
with unusually good hams, extreme
length and typical head to a remark-
able degree.

Then there are two young boars (full
brothers), out of the great prize win-
ning sow Danesfield Huntress, called
Danesfield Hunter and Danesfield
Huntsman 1st. One of them was shown
and proved quite a winner, whilst the
other was kept at home for service on
the noted herd of Mr. Hudson's The
dam has made a great name at the
leading shows as a producer, and also
as a producer of prize winners. In
fact, this Huntress blood is one of the
strongest and best strains that can be
found in England. In addition to the
above, all the great boars now in Bilt-
more herd, such as Loyal Lee II.,
champion boar of America, the Duke,
etc., are being used, and their litters
out of these prize wining English sows
should make great continuations.

The catalogue of this offering will
be gotten out in the usual full and de-
tailed manner of the past offerings.

The Cyphers Guarantee

every dollar we have i n the world is made to you, personally. It says that YOU
hatch a larger percen!a>,'e of healtliy, vi;,'ciruus chicks, with less oil, less
attention, less truul'le and more satisfat.tiun, in a genuine, patented

CYPHERS INCUBATOR

J j;et your money back. The genuine Cyphers Is the only pat-
, self-ventilaling. self-reg^ulatin^ incubator. Adopted and en*
peri m'nt Stations and usrd bv m"re leadlnff poultry men than

crm.Tkc^cnmbncl. Cunloi^'ue free ifv-u name tliis paper. Address nearest office.

yPHERS INCUBATOR CO. Buffalo. N.Y., Chicago. Boston. New York.

TH E OAKS

Has for sale, the grand Shorthorn bull, "Rock Hill Abbotts-
burn" 155113, a grandson of Mary Abbottsburn 7th ; also a nice
lot of Calves, Bulls and Heifers ; 2 Reg. Morgan Colts at a
bargain. B. B. BUCHANAN, Bedford City, Va.

.... REGISTERED ....

Pigs from 4 to 6 months ol4. Boars ready for service, and
young sows witli pigs. Prlcas Reasonable. Apply to ... .

'J. C. GRAVES, Barboursville, Va.

NOW IS THE TIME to buy HOLSTEINS from the Ury Farm Herd,

Ury Alwlna Count Paul De Kol; De Kol 2nd Butter Boy 3rd No. 2, and Lord Harford De K»l bead
our herd. You know their official backing. There Is nothing better. 15 bull calves at bargain
prices. Tbelr dams are of the De Kol, Aaggle, Netberlamd, Pletertje and Clothlde strains and are of
he producing kind. The best bulls are sold young; also a few cows and heifers. Choice ENGLISH
BERKSHIKE pigs of the best strains. Before buying, correspond with or visit

THOS. PASSITT & SONS, Sylmar, Md.

We positively guarantee to breed
and ship the VKKY BEsT strains of
thoroughbred registered LARGE
ENGLISH BERKSHIRE

Hogs for LESS MO^EY than any other
firm in the U. S., the superiority of our
stocli considered Send us your order
and we will satisfy you both in price
and stock. WALTER B. FLEMING,

Proprietor of the Bridle Creek Stock Fai

Warrenton. N. C.

POLAND-
CHINAS.

I have a limited number of pigs by _

my fine boars Gray's Big Chief, 57077; ^^XAY'S BIQ CHIEF. B7077.

and Victor G, 57075, and can furnish pairs not akin or related to those previonsly
purcha.sed. Young boars and sows of all ages. Send to headquarters and get the
best from the oldest and largest herd of Poland-Chinas in this State at one-half
Western prices. Address J. »• GRAY, Predaricksburg, Va.

;,.. 2,000,000 ELBHRTA PEACH TREES ».

We ofi"er 2,000,000 Elberta June Buds, besidas a large stock of Belle of Georgia,
Mamie Ross, Carmen, Greensboro, etc. Big assortment of 2-year Pear and Cherry,
and small fruit plants. Write for Catalogue,

CHATTANOOGA NURSERIES, Chattanooga, Tenn.

Rkfb«ences: Hamilton Trust & Savings Bank; N. Dietzen & Bro., Chattanooga;
Dunn's Mercantile Agency; Southern Planter.

1903.]

THE SOUTHERN PLANTER.

797

and breeders should write for it If only
to get the list of the English prize
winners.

Any breeder who attended oui last
sale prophesied that it would be im-
possible to find a better lot or even as
good again as the offering of 1902.
which went at such a record breaking
price, but breeders who have examined
the present lot acknowledge that they
are much better and decidedly more
uniform. They ought to be. for nearly
20 per cent, more was paid for them as
a whole, and a long time .given for
searching through England, and more
agents kept in the fields looking out
for desirable animals. In fact, noth-
ln,g was left undone, and whatever the
results of the sale, whether the pul)lic
buy them in at their value or secure
them at a bargain, the Farms at
least have distributed a lot of animals
of tested blood lines and whose in-
fluence is bound to be felt in the future.

AGRICULTURE FOR BEGINNERS.

By C. \V. Burkett, Professor of Agri-
culture: F. L. Stevens, Professor of
Biology; and D. H. Hill, Professor of
English in the North Carolina College
of Agriculture and Mechanic Arts.
12mo. Cloth. 267 pages. Illustrated.
List price, 75 cents. Ginn & Co.. Pub-
lishers. New York.

The authors have prepared this litt'e

book in the belief that there is no
line of separation between the science
of agriculture and the practical art of
agriculture, and that the subject is
eminently teachable. Theory and prac-
tice are presented at one and the same
time, so that the pupil is taught the
fundamental principles of farniin,g just
as be is taught the fundamental truths
of arithmetic, geography, or grammar.

Tbp work is planned for use in gram-
mar school classes. It thus presents
the subject to the pupil when his apti-
tudes are the most rapidly developing
and when he is forming life hnhit.s.
It will give to him. therefore, at the
vital period of his life a trainin.g whif-h
will go far toward making bis life
work profitable and delightful. '^'-^
text is clear, interesting and teachable
While primarily intended for class
work in the public schools, it will no
doubt appeal to all who desire a knowl-
ed.se of the simple scientific truth':
which lie at the foundation of most
farm operations.

The 21S illustrations are unusually
excellent and are particularly effertiv"
in illuminatin.g the text. The bnnk i--
supplied throughout with practical ex-
ercises, simple and interesting experi-
ments, and helpful suggestions. The
appendix, devoted to spraying mixtures
and fertilizer formulas; the glossary.
In which are explained unusual and
technical words: and the complete in-
dex are important.

In mechanical execution — in the at-
tractive and durable binding, in the
clear, well-printed page, and in the
Illustrations — the book is easily su-
perior to any other elementary work
on agriculture.

If you value comfort
\\ hen driving use

LEHMAN CARRIAGE
and SLEIGH HEATERS.

Universally recognized as the STANDARD make. Avoid
WINTER discomforts by heating your Carrisge, Wagon or Sleigh
with one of the LEHMAN HEATERS. It burns LEHMAN coal at a
cost of 1-4 cent per hour, or 2 cents per day, and there is no smoke,
smell nor danger of fire from same.

HORSEMEN everywhere use and recommend them, which in itself
is a GUARANTEE of tbeir usefulness, and their high standard.

.■iT 200.000 OF OUR HEATERS are in actual use. Have you one?
Write for booklet and prices. Your carriage, harness or hardware
dealer has our goods.

I EHMr^N BROS.. MFRS.. J. W. ERRINGER, Gen. W. Sales Agt.,

10 Bond St., New York 45 E. Congress St., Chicago, 111.

% Fortunes in Stocks

. A DIVIDBr»(D=PAYIl>G irSVBSTIMENT.

6<J(S*% L.4RGE PROFITS GUARANTEED. SECURITY

r^if&\ OF THE BANK. NO POSSIBILITY OF LOSS.

;^fi3^^.;A.- Steady Income i6r Life

f^^ftf:^^ IM REGULAR IWONTHLY PvWMENTS

%!..<. LARGb OR SMALL SUBSCKIPTIOINS RECEIVED.

.^#;- MONEY RETURNED IF NOT SATISFIED,

lation, Eosy Terms, Liberal Discounti
_ , r|i» -- ■ .'ayment and FREE BOOKLET, odclres.i

^7^^ "THE STOCK GUARANTY & SURETY CO."

-.;t^ llZl.'V^arket St., San Fi-ancisco, Calitornia.

THE GREAT WESTERN

Manure Spreader

the only Spre^lde:

ENDLbSS APRON

:e and ready to receive the load without

ming back either by hand or complicated,

ly broken machinery. The front aod rear

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Broad Tires Prevents Rutting

of fields, meadows, etc. and makes

LIGHT DRAFT. SPREADS ALL KINDS OF l«ANURE, s^i^;£i:^^^^^i,S:^^^!ii

hulls. etc. Can be changed Infttantir t« uprend thJck or thin wtitlc f

IHOODPROTtUI

quality, capaLltv and durabllltr. All parts breakm^

rill be replaced without charge. Write forfrecIllustratedandDeacrptlT*

Cataloc^ue — the best and most complete spreader catalog ever published.

SMITH MANURE SPREADER C0.16 & 18 S. CLINTON STREET, CHICAGO, ILL.

798

THE SOUTHEEN PLANTER

[December

DOAfESTIC RECIPES.

One cup (pint) stewed pumpkin,
one-half cup sugar and sweet cream
to make consistency of thin batter
Beat two eggs and sugar together anc'
add to pumpkin. Season with pow-
dered cinnamon. Line pie plate with
flaky crust and fill with pumpkin bat
ter and bake in a quick oven.

ENGUSH PLUM PUDDTNG SUmCIENT FOB
TWELVE PEOPLE.

Chop fine one pound beef suet, mix
it with two pounds of sifted flour, two
pounds of bread crumbs, a little salt
three teaspoonful of baking powder
two pounds stoned raisins, two pounds
cleaned currants chopped, add spices
(nutmeg, ground cloves, or any mixed j
Bpices to suit the taste) one pint bran
dy or good wine, one dozen eggs wel'
beaten. Mix all ingredients well. Flour
your pudding cloth or bag, or mouli"
and boil 10 hours. If served at once
pour one-half pint brandy over and
Just as served touch with a lightef"
taper and send to table blazing. ThiF
will keep for months and can be re-
heated.

GREEN T0M-\T0 SWEET PICKLE.

Slice green tomatoes and onions, al-
ternate layers, in a stone jar, an(^
sprinkle lightly with salt, let stand onr
night, drain off all the water next
morning, and put one pound browr
sugar, and one ounce of ground mixef*
spices and one quart of good vinegar
to one gallon of the tomatoes and on
Ions and boil until onions are done
I»ut in stone or glass jars and cover
with vinegar.

ORESSrXG roR ttrket (ro.vst. )
To one pint of sifted com meal, add
one-half pound lard and a little salt
make into a loaf or cake, with cold
■water and bake done. Then break into
fine pieces, crust and all and season
with black pepper, one egg. a pinch of
sage, an onion chopped fine, and liquor
In which turkey has been cooked, to
make it stick together and stuff. Sage
may be omitted, oysters may also be
added.

Grape jelly is nice with fowl.

Mrs. N. K. Gittirie.

OLD VIRGINIA HAM.
Select ten fresh pork hams of ten
pounds each, rub over the flesh side of
these a mixture composed of two
pounds of brown sugar. } pound of salt
petre. J pound of black pepper and i
pound of red pepper. Salt enough to
cover the hams, about three quarts to
the 100 pounds. Pack in a tub or box
with the skin downward. Let them
remain six weeks, then hang by a
string and smoke with green wood.

Something good fop
Christmas

During the holiday season, when eood ckeer everywhere prevails, there Is notbinr nicer
to have in the house than a little good whiskey, and besides, your physician will t«ll you it la
excellent in many cases of sickness. But you must have rood whiskey, pure whiskey. You
don't want to drink poor whiskey yourseU. much less offer it to your friends, while as a
medicine, poor whiskey, adulterated whiskey, may do you decided harm.

HAYXBR WHISKEY goes to you direct from our own distillery, with all its original
richness and flavor, and carries a tTNITED STATES REGISTERED DISTILLER'S
GUARANTEE of PURITY and AGE. When you buy HAYNER WHISKEY you save the
enormous profits of the dealers and have our guarantee that your money will be promptly
refunded if you are not perfectly satisfied with the whiskey after trying it That's f alr,isn"t itf

HAYNER WHISKEY

PURE SEVEN-YEAR-OLD RYE

4 FULL $0:20 EXPRESS
QUARTS O PREPAID

We will send you FOUR FULL QUART BOTTLES of HA'TNER'S SE^TIN- YEAR-
OLD RYE for 13.20. express charges paid by us. Try it and if you don't find it al! right
and as good as you ever drank or can buy from anybody else at any price, send it back at
our expense and the next mail will bring you your $3.20. Could any offer be
fairer? This offer is backed by a company with a capital of 1500,000.00. paid
in full, and the proud reputation of 36 years of continuous success. We have
over a quarter of a million satisfied customers, proving conclusively that
our whiskey is all right and that we do exactly as we say. Shipment mado
in a plain sealed case, with no marks or brands to indicate contents.

Orders for Ariz. , Cat. , Col. , Idaho. Mont. , Nev. , N. Mei. . Ore. , Utah. Wask.
or Wyo.. must be on the basis of 4 Quarts for M.OO by Express
Prepaid or SO Qaarta for S16.00 by Freiebt Prepaid.

FREE ^it*! each four quart order we will send free one goldtipi>ed whiskey
■ "^^ glass and one corkscrew. If you wish to send an order to a friend, as
a Christmas present, we will enclose with the shipment an elegant BOUTcnir
card, with both your rames neatly printed thereon.

Write our nearest office and do it NOW.

THE HAYNER DISTILLING COMPANY

ATUNTA- GA,

ST. PAUL, MINN.

DlSTHXERT, TKOY. O. ESTABU3HXD 1866.

merchantsTatioijal bark

OF RICHMOND, VIRGINIA.
Capital Stock, ... $200,000.00

Surplus and Profits, - - $672,445.75

Designated Depository of the United States, City of Richmond and Commonvrealth

of Virginia.
Being the Largest Depository for Banks between Baltimore and New Orleans, this

Bank oflers superior facilities for direct and quick collections.
JNO. P.BRANCH, JKO. K.BtANCH, JOHN F.GLESN,

President. Vice-President. Caahler.

UNTIL YOU HAVE INVESTIGATED

•THU MASTER WORnMAN"

A two-cylln.Ier easollne engine: superior to all one-cvUnder engines. Costs less to buy anrt 1. ss to run. Quicker and easier stsriert Han « wider
sphere of usefulness. Has no vibration; can be mounted" on any light wagon ae a portable. w»tghb les» than half of one-cylinder engines. Give slM
ef engine required ?lzes IH, 2, 2}^, 4, .S, 6, 8, 10 and 15 horse power Mention this paper. Send for catalogue. THE TESIPLE PUMP CO., Meaghe
and loth Sis.. CHICAUO.

DONT BUY GASOLINE ENGINES

1903.]

THE SOUTHEKN PLANTER.

799

hickory is preferable, a few hours each
day, for a period of ten days. Rub
over with hicl<ory ashes and leave
them hanging for three weeks, after
which wrap in paper and put in bags.
They are best from one to two years
old.

Hams cured as above, being unsur-
passed in quality and flavor, need to be
boiled in water only. To cook the
ham, soak in cold water six or eight
hours; washing and scrape thoroughly,
put in a closed boiler nearly full of
cold water, boil slowly allowing twenty
minutes to the pound. When done let
the ham remain in the liquor till cool;
then remove the skin, spread over with
brown sugar moistened with sherry
wine, cover with cracker dust, put in
a hot oven a few minutes till a nut
brown. Serve on platter garnished
with parsley.

Mrs. B. B. Hiix.
No. 3 Victoria Flat, Washington, D. C.

CATALOGUE.
DeLoach patent saw mills and high
grade mill machinery, Atlanta, Ga.
This is a fine and complete catalogue
of the products of one of the most re-
liable and largest makers of saw mill
machinery.

EBEN HOLDEN REDIVIVUS AND A
PIE.

"I remember once," said Uncle Eb,
"I praised a woman's pie. We were
over in Canada buyin' cattle. The
woman she asked me if there was any-
thing I'd like to hev fer my dinner. I
told her that I was very fond o' berry
pie, so she made one. It came on the
table in a pan. I didn't know what
'twas, er mebbe I could hev made an
excuse an' got away. Suddenly the
woman began to cut it.

" 'I've made thet pie you asked fer,'
she said. 'It took me a long time, but
here 'tis, an' I hope you'll like it.'

"The pie was about three inches
thick, an' there was only jest a leetle
streak o' red stain through the mid-
dle o' it where the berries oughter be."

The old man paused a moment.

"Wall." he continued, with a sigh,
"o' course I bed to eat thet pie. It was
the greatest obstacle I ever encoun-
tered. Fer a minnit I felt as If I was
ketched in a bear-trap. But I looked
as pleasant as possible, an' went to
work on thet piece o' pie. I no sooner
got through than it went to work on
me. There wa'n't much left o' me next
day. I lay there sick abed, an' the
good woman she brought up another
pie. She wanted to please me. an' I
hedn't the heart to tell her what I
thought o' her bakin', but she pressed
It on me."

" 'No more, thank you,' says I.

" 'I thought you said it was good,'
says she, with a look o' disappoint-
ment.

" 'Madam.' savs I. "the pie is good,
but I ain't good enough to eat it. I
ain't even joined the church yit. Give
me a leetle more time fer preparation."
— Irving Bacheller. in Leslie's Monthly.

Big Ones and Little Ones !

Saw Mills

All ilies from 4 H. P. Farmers' Mill that cots 3,000 feet a day, up to tbe bigtetl that's nude.
OVER 10,000 DELOACH PATENT SAW MILLS IN USE.

Our Large Catalog
No. 66

will interest you. It illus-
trates and tells all about the
famous DeLoach Patent Va-
riable Frictien Feed Saw
Hills, Shingle Mills, Planers,
Edgers, Trimmers, Stave and
Lath Mills, Bolters, Cord
Wood and Drag Saws, Corn
and Buhr Mills, Water Wheels,
Mill Gearing, PuUeys, Shaft-
ing, Etc.

Please mention the SotjTHERW
Plantek wben writing us.
We will appreciate It.

DelOIIGH MILL MNOfflClURING CO ,80X666 1III00I0,G0 NiWY8tKBf0rcll,ll4lllienySI.

fi The Largest Saw Mill Manufacturing Plant In tbe World.

Jt THE ^

SEABOARD

AIR LINE RAILWAY

OFFERS THE MANUFACTURER,

PROFITABLE

INVESTMENTS

T0«< =

THE STOCK RAISER,
THE DAIRYMAN,
THE FRUIT GROWER,
THE TRUCKER.

WHERE YOUR LABOR IS NOT IN VAIN.

Would * country where work c*n be carried on the entire year and where
large profits can be realized Interest you?

The SEABOARD Air Line Railway traverses six Southern Stales and a
region of this character. One two cent stamp will bring handsome illustnited
literature descriptive of the section.

J. B. WHITE, EDW. W. COST, CHARLES B. RYAN,

Gen. Industrial Agl., Portsmouth, Va. Traffic Mgr. Gen. Pass. Agt., Portsmouth, Va

VIRQINIA DIVISION.

Farmers Mutual Benefit Association

A Fire Insurance Association, chartered by the State of Virginia, for
farmers, under an amended and well protected plan.

Insures in counties surrounding and accessible to Richmond, against Fire
and Lightning, only country property — no stores or unsafe risks. Policy-holdem
amply secured — all legitimate losses paid. Average cost per year less than other
plans, and a great saving to farmers. Amount of property now insured, $330,000,
and increasing yearly. Estimated securiey in real and other estate, $750,000.

For further information, address. CHAS. N. FRIEND, General Agent,

MENTION THIS JODKNAL. CHESTER, VTRGIIflA.

When corresponding with our advertisers always mention the
Southern Planter.

800

THE SOUTHERN PLAIfTER.

[December

GDSTAVUS F. SWIFT'S MOTTOES.
Gustavus F. Swift, the late head of
the great packing house of Swift and
Company, Chicago, left an estate worth
over seven million dollars. Perhaps
Mr. Swift did not enjoy all the pleas-
ures of life; in fact, he was known to
have missed many that even money
can not buy, and, perhaps, there are
people who believe that his mode of
life was not ideal, but he left to the
young men of the country — and some
old ones as well — a greater legacy than
can be measured by wealth. He left
the example of his life and the origi-
nal maxims which were his guide in
building a great business. All of
these maxims have been collected, and
are presented herewith, complete, for
the first time: —

No man, however rich, has enough
money to waste in putting on style.

The richer a man gets the more
careful he should be to keep his head
level.

Business, religion and pleasure of
the right kind should be the only
things in life for any man.

A big head and a big bank account
were never found together to the credit
of any one. and never will be.

No young man is rich enough to
smoke twenty-flve-cent cigars.

Every time a man loses his temper
he loses his head, and when he loses
his head he loses several chances.

Next to knowing your own business,
it's a mighty good thing to know as
much about your neighbor's as possi-
ble, especially if he's in the same line.
The best a man ever did shouldn't
be his standard for the rest of his life.
The successful men of to-day worked
mighty hard for what they've got. The
men of to-morrow will have to work
harder to get it away.

If the concentration of a lifetime is
found in one can of goods, then that
life has not been wasted.

No man's success was ever marked
by the currency that he pasted up on
billboards.

When a clerk tells you that he must
leave the office because it is 5:30 P. M.,
rest assured that you will never see his
name over a front door.

The secret of all great undertakings
is hard work and self-reliance. Given
these two qualities and a residence In
the United States of America, a young
man bas nothing else to ask for.

AGE BEFORE BEAUTY.

"Yes." said the old man, addressing
his young visitor, "I am proud of my
girls, and would like to see them com-
fortably married: and as I have a little
money, they will not go to their hus-
bands penniless. There's Mary,
twenty-five years old, and a real good
girl. I shall give her five thousand
dollars when she marries. Then comes
Bet. who won't see thirty-five again,
and I shall give her ten thousand dol-
lars, and the man who takes Eliza,
■who is forty, will have fifteen thousand
dollars with her."

The young man reflected a moment
or so, and then inquired. "You haven't
one about fifty, have you?"

Uncle Sam, in the person of 10 of his
government oflScials, has charge of
every department of the Hayner Dis-
tillery. During the entire process of
distillation, after the whiskey is stored
in their warehouses, during the seven
years it remains there, from the very
grain they buy to the whiskey they get,
Uncle Sam is constantly on the watch
to see that every thing is all right.
They dare not take a gallon of their
own whiskey from their own ware-
house unless he says its all right. And
when he does say so, that whiskey goes
direct to you, with all its original rich-
ness and flavor, carrying a United
States registered distiller's guarantee

of purity and age, and saving you the
dealer's big profits. If you use whiskey,
either medicinally or otherwise,
should read the offer of The Hayner
Distilling Company elsewhere in this
paper.

i» •'Weber Janlor"
Pumper

to pomp. EqoaU 80 OMB

lug Wfttec

at little (»••

oUse. la shipped

cnted ei»iple<«l]r

^ *r«iet*d, all cormefr

tions mftde. E&ay to rtart, uij

toe can operate it. Erery

cne g-j&ranteed. Other size*

lip t3 50 H. P. Send for cat-

, ^ alog. Weber Gas A GaK>l'n<

J Rw^-u Enpine Co.. Box '-

^''ii -i^* Laaaaa City-

m

GASOLINE ENGINES— r

That do reliable work are
our specialty. Many manu-
facturers claim many things,
some that are not well found-
ed. We guarantee our en-
gines to do what we claim
for them.

Wind - Mills,
Tanks, Rams,
Iron and Wire
Fences, Pumps.

SYDNOR PUMP & WELL CO., Inc.

Box 949. RICHMOND. VA.

The Chesapeake & Ohio Railway

Extending from Cincinnati and Louisville, and
THR0UQ1 ITS CONNECTIONS....

THE BIG FOUR SYSTEM, from Chicago, St. Louis, Peoria, Indianapolis,

Safadusky and Cleveland ;
THE OHIO CENTRAL LIXES, from Toledo and Columbus;
THE CINCINNATI, HAMILTON & DAYTON, from Detroit, Toledo, Lima
and Dayton —

FORMS THE MOST DIRECT ^"t^lZ? [^r^'^J^'c-A"' ROUTE.

Xo STAVMTOI«, LVKCHBVRG, CHARLOTTESTILLE,
RICHMOISD, PHTER.<»B17RC NORFOLK,
And Principal Tlrglnla Point?.

H. W. FULLER, Qen. Pass. Agt. C. & 0. Ry., Washington, D. C.

1903.]

THE SOUTHEEN PLANTER.

801

CHRISTMAS CHEER

In the Greatest Abundance at

^MOORE'S^

Remember, we are headquarters for Christmas Supplies; come to
town and do your Holiday Shopping with us. You will save the
cost of your trip. A few articles quoted below will convince you
how low our retail prices are. Write for wholesale prices.
Remember we are wholesale as well as retail grocers, Special prices
to merchants, Write us for prices on any articles not mentioned,
Our retail prices are :

Granulated Sugar 4|c

Best Irish Potatoes, bushel 75c

Best Meal, bushel 70c

3-pouncl Crocks Preserves 18c

Pride of Richmond Flour, barrel $4.75

Or, per sack 30c

Try-aBita, lOe package, or 3 for 25c

3-pound Pails Apple Butter I8c

Mother Oats, package 9c

Quaker Oats, package 10c

Silver Leaf Lard, pound 10c

Butcher's Lard, pound 10c

Good Lard, 3 pounds for 25c

California Kams, pound 9c

Regular Hams, pound 16c

Best Salt Pork, pound 10c

Good Salt Pork, pound 8c

TTew Layer Raisins, 2 pounds for 26c

ISTeAV Loose Raisins, pound 10c

ISTew Sultana Raisins, pound 12ic

TvTew Seeded Raisins, pound lOo

ISTew Citron, pound 15c

ISTew Mixed ISTuts, pound 12^0

Almonds, po\ind 15c

Filberts, pound 12c

Brazil ISTuts, pound 10c

English Nuts, pound 15c

Pecans, pound 12^c

Coooanuts, each ^c

Old Crow Rye, per gallon $3.00

Old Keystone Rye, per gallon $2.50

Old Excelsior Rye, per gallon 2.00

Old Capitol Rye, per gallon 1.50

North Carolina Corn, per gallon 2.00

Jugs 10c. per gallon extra. All kinds and grades of Wines and Liquors at lowest prices.
Special attention to out-of-town orders for jug and bottle trade. Consignments of country produce so-
licited and taken in exchange.

J. S. MOORE'S SONS, Wholesale and Retail Grocers,

1724 East Main Street, (Cor. 18th.) Long Distance Phone. RICHMOND, VA.

These are cash prices, subject to market fluctiiations.

802

THE SOUTHERN PLANTER.

[December

HIS BESETTING SIN.

Ephraim was a man of Importance,
being an elder in tlie Baptist Church
and much given to exhortation, prayer,
and song. His cabin was the scene of
many a "revival," and the powerful
prayers offered by Ephraim on these
occasions were the wonder and admira-
tion of the colored population.

With all his religious ardor, how-
ever, there were times when the pleas-
ures of the world appealed strongly to
him. Seeing him approach one morn-
ing with downcast eyes and an air of
general dejection. Colonel Snead ac-
costed him thus:

"Hello, Eph.! you look as if you
were going to your own funeral.
What's the matter?"

"Well, Kunnel, I feels bad, suh," re-
plied Eph.; "de 'casion am a ser'ous
one, suh. You know de young folks
done hab a party at Nick Finney's de
udder night, an' as I's been a- wrast-
lin' in pray'r fer de salvation ob Nick's
soul for a pow'ful long time, I done
thought I'd 'cept de invertation an' go,
an' maybe I mout drap a word or two
dat would tech his heart. But dey was
mighty leetle chance ter talk ter Nick
'bout 'ligion, fer dat nigger will dance
wheneher he heah a fiddle. Well, suh,
I went, an' now dey claims as how I
was a-dancin', an' I's ter be tried ter-
day an' put outen de chu'ch."

"Well, Eph., that's pretty hard luck,
but they ought to know that an elder

of your standing would not indulge in
anything so worldly as dancing," re-
plied the Colonel with a twinkle in his
eye, well knowing that Eph.'s besetting
sin was not tripping the light fan-
tastic.

"I hopes so, Kunnel, I hopes so," re-
joined Eph. in a tone of utter despair
as he trudged on towards the town.

Late the same afternoon Colonel
Snead heard a voice singing lustily
"I's gwine ter jine de band," and rec-
ognizing Eph., he asked, —

"How did the trial go, Eph.?"

"Dey cl'ar'd me, Kunnel, bress de
Lawd! dey cl'ar'd me."

"Cleared you, did they? that's good.
Then you proved you'd not been danc-
ing?" said the Colonel.

"No, suh, Kunnel, dey proved it on
me all right, but dey 'lowed I was
drunk an' didn' know what I was
doin', so dey cl'ar'd me, Kunnel — bress
de Lawd!" — Pettdence Baxteb, in No-
vember Lippincott's.

MONTEBELLO HERD

ABERDEEN-ANGUS CATTLE

FOR SALE— 2 Registered Bulls,, calved
Dec. 17tb, 1902, and Aug. 28th, 1903

BerKsKire Pi^s,

(Biltmore Strain.)
farrowed May 1903. For terms, apply to

L. H. GRAY, Orange, Va.

COLLIE PUPS-

By Imported Sires, sable and white and tri-
colors. Prices. 88 to SI 5. Olderonescorrespond-
Ingly low- Book on Training, ^t cents : Fkek If
you buy a Collie. MAPLEMONT STOi K FARM,
Albany, Vermont.

Aryshires, Berkshires and Oxford-Downs.

Ayrshire Calvei of both lexM, Berluhtr*
Pigs and Boar and 2 Oxford- Down Run* tor
sale. MELROSE CASTLE FARM.

GnoB H. Hess, Manager, CaaanoTa. Va.

C. Whites. Fine large

strains. All ages, mated

not a in, 8 week, pigs.

Bred sows. Service boars "^

and Poultry. Write for prices and free circular.

P. F. HAMILTON. Cochranviile, Chester Co., Pa.

FOR SALE, --My Trotting-bred Stallion

OBORGH BURNS, foaled May 11, 1900. Ma-
hogany bay. star In face, left hind foot whit*,
of good style, easy to handle; will make good
breeder. Write for his breeding.
J. TABB JANNEY, Van CleveBviUe. W. Va.

JERSEY BULL.

"Harry's Jersey King" 45706, FOR
SALE. He is beautiful, well developed,
weighs about 1,500 lbs., perfectly gentle
and fawn color I bought him from Bilt-
more Farms, but can use him no longer.
Address P. H. HANES, Winston-Salem,
N. C.

Pedigrees traced and tabulated. Catalogues compiled and
circulars prepared. Special attention given registration
matters pertaining to thoroughbred and trotting horses.

W. J.

CARTER (Broad Rock),

P.O. Box 929 RICHMOND, VA,

Representing the ....

The Times-Dispatch, Richmond, Va.
Southern Planter, Richmond, Va.
Sports of the Times, New York.
Kentucky Stock Farm, Lexington, Ky.
Breeder and Sportsman, San Francisco, Cal.

REFERENCES:— Mr. A. B. Gwathmey, Cotton Exchange,
N«w York; Mr. W. N. Wilmer, of Wilmer & Canfleld, Law-
yers, 49 Wall St., New York; Col. K, M. Murchison, Banker,
Wilmington, N. C; Mr. L. Banks Holt, Proprietor Oneida
Cotton Mills and Alamance Farm, Graham, N. C; Maj. P. P.
Johnson, President National Trotting Association, Lexing-
ton, Ky.; Capt. R. J. Hancock, Ellerslie Stud Farm, Char-
lottesville, Va.; Sam'l Walton, Walton Farm, Falls Mills,
Va.; R. J. Reynolds, President R. J. Reynolds Tobacco Co.,
Winston, N. C.; Hon. Henry Fairfax, Aldie, Va.; Jas. Cox,
Belgravia Farm, Mt. Jackson, Va.

AINSLIE CARRIAGE CO.,

Nos. 8, 10 and 12 Tenth St., RICHMOND, VA.

Building Carriages to order is our special business. Re-
pairing and Repainting done, and best material used. A
full line of all the latest styles. Orders for all classes of
\>hicles solicited. Write for prices.

AQNEL, 38033.

Bay stallion, foaled 1900; sired by Guardsman 19355, re-
cord 2:23i; dam the great brood mare Zeta, dam of Miss
Duke, 2:13, etc., by Red Wilkes.

AGNEL has fine size and is a grand looking young horse,
he is richly bred and has the action of a trotter.

Fee J15.00 the season.

BEN. W. SOUTHERLAND, Mt. Olive, N. C.

WHALEBONE, 7872.

Sired by Abdallah Wilkes, son of George Wilkes, 2:22,
dam Maggie 0., by Abdallah, 15, sire of Goldsmith Maid,
2:14; second dam Viley Filly, by Pilot, Jr., sire of dam of
Maud S. 2:083.

Note. — Whalebone is a richly colored bay horse of fine
size, handsome and well formed. His disposition is perfect.
He has sired Visitor, 2:261, and other winners.

FEE, $15, with usual return privilege.

W. C. McMACKIN, Raleigh, N. C.

RED LEO, 28028. Record, 2:26i.
(See American Trotting Register, Vol. XIV.)
Sired by Red Wilkes, 1749, the greatest living sire; dam Dic-
tator Girl, by Dictator
NOTE— Red Leo is a richly-colored bay horse of fine size
and substance. He comes from a great line of performers and
producers. Maizie Z., 2:19J; Ella Leo, 2:20J; Cassia Leo, 2:23J,
and other winners are by him.
FEE, $25 the season, with usual return privilege. Address

WALTON FARM, Falls Mills, Va.

1903.]

THE SOUTHERN PLANTER.

803

The (olUwIng lut or pap*n u< p«ri«4le*]a
An the moat popular •■•■ la tkli Mctlsn.
We can SAVE YOU MONBT m what«Tar
ieurnal 70U wish.

DAILIES.

Price. With
Alea*. Planter.

Times- Dispatch, Richmond, Va |t M |t M

Tbo Poft, Washlneton, D. C ( M ( M

Tlia San, Baltimore, MS 3 00 S 40

News- Leader, Richmond, Va. t M S M

TRI-WBKKLT.

The World (thrlce-a-week). N. T.... 1 #« 1 t5

WXBKLIKS.

Harper's Weekly 4 10 4(9

Harper's Baiaar IK j4j

MontEomerj Advertiser IM ISO

NashTlIlo American H 7j

The Baltimore Sun Id jjj

Breeder's Qaiette j M 1 75

Heard's Dairyman ^1^ l»l

Country Qontloman I H 1 76

Religious Herald, RIchmoad, Va..!!! HO tU

Tlmoe-Dlspatch, Richmond, Va 1 W 1 23

ehrlstlan Advocate, " " 1 CO 1 7i

>BtraI Preskyterlan, •' " !!!!joO 125

HorsoMan 1,^ 35,

MONTHLIBS.

Wool Markets and Sheep BO 75

Dairy and Creamery 50 71

Commercial Poultry 50 75

^' '*"• !!!!!!! 1 6o i u

North American Review I 00 500

The Century Macaiino !!!! 4 00 4 It

St. Nicholas MacazlBo ! j 00 8 K

Llpplncott's Msjazlne ! J (0 160

Harper's Magaiiae 4 00 4 00

Forum Matazlne 100 8U

Scrlbner's MagazlBe |00 IS

Frank Leslies Ma«azlao 1 00 1 35

Cosmopolitan Macszlne 1 00 1 J5

Everybody's MajaJlne 1 00 1 86

Mansey Magazine 100 135

Strand Magazine lU ijj

McClure's Magazine 1 00 1 15

Argosy Magazine 1 00 1 86

Review of Reviews 160 I75

Blooded Stock 50 60

Successful Farming 1 00 75

•outhern Fruit Grower BO 85

Where you desire to subscribe to two or
more of the publications named, you can ar-
rive at the net subscription price by deduct-
t«g 50 cents from "our price with the
PLANTER." If you desire to subscribe to
aay other publications not listed here, write
as and wo will cheerfully quote clubbing or
aet subscription rates.

Subscribers whose time does not expire
antll later can take advantage of our club
rates, and have their subscription advanced
•BO year from date of expiration of their
rabscrlptlon to either the PLANTER or any
of the other publications mentioned.

Don't hesitate to write us for any Informa-
Uoo desired: we will cheerfully answer any
oorrospoadence.

We furnish NO SAMPIsE COPIES of other
Mriodlcali.

Seed House of the South.

ORCHARD

QRASS,

RED TOP or

HERDS GRASS,

KENTUCKY

BLUB QRASS,

RANDALL

GRASS,

TALL MEADOW

OAT GRASS,

JOHNSON

GRASS,

GERHAN

MILLET,

BUCKWHEAT,

OATS and

CANE SEED.

** Whatsoever One Soweth, That Shall He Reap,"

We sell strictly reliable FIELD AND GARDEN SEEDS of every
variety at Lowest Market rates, included in which are
RAGLAND'S PEDIGREE TOBACCO SEEDS.
^ ^ ^ WE ALSO SELL

Our Own Brands of Fertilizers

For Tobacco, Corn, Wheat, Potatoes, &c.

Pure Raw-Bone Meal, Nova Scotia and Virginia Plaster and
Fertilizing Materials generally.

Parties wishing to purchase will find it to their interest to price our goods.
Samples sent by mail when desired.

1016 Main Street,
LYNCHBURG, VA.

Wm. A. Miller & Son, ^

Headquarters for
Nursery Stock.

WHOLESALE

AND

RETAIL.

We make a specialty of handling dealers' orders.
ALL STOCK TRUE TO NAME.

•^ Apples, Nectarines, Pecans,

<|» Pears, Cherry, Chestnuts,

^ Peach, Quinces, Walnuts,

«|» Plum, Almonds, Small Fruits,

«|» Apricots,

4* CALIFORNIA PRIVET, for Hedging.

J* . . AGENTS WANTED.

^ FRANKLIN DAVIS NURSERY CO.,

Ornamental and
Shade Trees,
Evergreens,
Roses, Etc

WRITE FOR CATALOGUE.

Baltimore, Md

804

THE SOUTHERN PLANTER.

[December

ABRAHAM LINCOT.N'S FRRS^RIP
TION.

There Is a story, still current in Illi-
nois, which says that an old farmer
friend of President Lincoln's, who
used to correspond with him, com-
plained on one" occasion of his poor
hearth. He received the following re-
ply, which is quoted in Illinois as
"Lincoln's prescription:" "Do not
worry. Eat three square meals a day.
Say vour prayers. Think of your wife.
Be courteous to your creditors. Keep
your digestion good. Steer clear of
biliousness. Exercise. Go slow and
go easy. Maybe there are other things
that your especial case requires to
make you happy; but, my dear friend,
these, I reckon, will give you a good
lift."

This advice is doubtless applicablt
in its entirety to many Americans in
every state of the Union to-day. There
are parts of it which apply to us gen-
erally— as a nation. "Do not worry.
Keep your digestion good. Go slow
and go easy." It would be difficult to
find an American who has not some-

thing to amend on these points. Worry
and dyspepsia have assumed the pro-
portions of national evils, and the/
are both more or less the results of un-
due haste. There is no surer way to
promote dyspepsia than to be in a con-
stant state of hurry, and nothing will
so surely give one the "blues" or In-
cline one to worrying and fretting
than dyspepsia. Our native institution
— the "quick lunch" restaurant, — is re-
sponsible for a large proportion of the
physical ills of business people in large
cities. Eating hastily — "bolting" one's
food, as it is popularly expressed, — is
enough to ruin the digestive organs of
an ostrich. A man would better eat
halt as much as usual at the midday
meal, — which is usually the most hur-
ried,— and take time to masticate
properly what he does put into his
stomach. Better still would it be if
he would give himself ample time to
relax and eat a light lunch without
allowing any thought of business to
intrude on this necessary period of re-
laxation , — Success.

Soak your new toothbrush in water
over night to insure longer wear.

To remove mildew, use lemon juice
and sunshine; or, if deep-seated, soak
in a solution of one tablespoonful of
chloride of lime in four quarts of cold
water, until the mildew has disappear-
ed. Rinse several times in clear wa-
ter.

Soap improves with keeping, so it
should be bought in large quantities.
Before storing it, however, it is well
to cut the bars into convenient pieces,
for this most easily done when it is
soft. The cutting may be done with
a piece of string or wire nrore easily
than with a knife.

Keep a flour barrel elevated at least
two inches from the floor on a rack, to
allow a current of fresh air to pass
under it and prevent dampness collect-
ing at the bottom. Do not allow any
groceries or provisions with a strong
odor near the flour barrel. Nothing
absorbs odors more certainly than
flour.

Established by
GEO. WATT, 1840.

... IMPLEMENTS & MACHINERY ...

MANFRED CALL.
Gen'l Manager.

THE NEW MOLINE.

WOOD AND STEEL ROLLERa.

DISC DRILLS. (ALL Sizes.)

PLOWS AND PLOW REPAIRS of all kinds. We make plows for all purposes and sell them on their merits.

FRED AND ENSILAGE CUTTERS, CORN SHELLERS, ENGINES, SAW MILLS, CORN AND COB MILLS,
ETC., ETC.
W« solicit inquires for anything desired. Write for circulars.

;«l°..rr:*:„fc':": Richmond, va. the call=watt co.

D. H. HILL LIBRARY

North Carolina State College