Nit Proceedings of the Ohio State Academy of Science VOLURTE YY. “PART 2 PUBLICATION COMMITTEE: J. C. HAMBLETON, E. L. RICE, BRUCE FINK. Special Paper No. 14 Discomycetes in the Vicinity of Oxford, Ohio. Contributions from the Botanical Laboratory of Miami University. I. FrEDA M. BACHMAN. INTRODUCTION. The purpose of this work has been to prepare a descriptive catalog of the discomycetes of this region which would be help- ful to students in the study of Discomycetes in Ohio, and to contribute to the distribution of the Discomycetes in the state. Comparatively little systematic work has been done on this group, and none has been done in Ohio except that of A. P. Morgan. Many of the plants are very minute and seldom or never seen by those uninterested. The group is, however, of much biological interest and perhaps would receive much more attention from students of botany if there were more literature to be had. The time of collecting has extended over a period of two years, 1907 and 1908. Collections have been made by several persons to whom credit has been given with the dates of collec- tion. All of the plants described were found within five miles of Oxford, Ohio. It is very probable that quite a number of the Discomycetes of the region have been overlooked, though no pains were spared in the two years to get as many as possible. In each species the characteristics of the plants in the fresh condition were noted. In many the apothecia appear to change but little, if any, in drying, and when water is applied have the same appearance as when growing. Others when dry lose both color and form permanently. Most of those in the family Ascobolaceae were grown in the laboratory on old dung. This was brought from several pastures and placed in moist chambers. Only on that which was exposed to the sunlight and in a temperature of about 20° or 23° C. were many apothecia obtained. Some of the plants seem to grow equally well on the damp blotting paper which lined the dishes. The classification used is largely that in Engler-Prantl’s Nattirlichen Pflanzenfamilien. In working out the type species of the genera, the rules adopted by the botanical congress which met in Philadelphia, March, 1907, were observed. \Vhether this 19 20 Introduction is the best method for determining type species may well be ques- tioned, but it seems to the writer that a universal method for such procedure is desirable, and since many American sys- tematists are using it, it has been used here. However, the use of the genus Lachnea Quel. is a departure from following these rules. A genus of flowering plants, Lachnaea L., is older. For the purposes of such a paper as the following, it was thought best to make no change in a genus on the grounds of priority, at least not until the cryptogamic genera have been carefully ex- amined by some one with abundance of time and bibliographical facilities. All microscopic drawings were made with the aid of a Bausch and Lomb camera lucida. In drawings showing the structure of the sterile tissues of the apothecia, the lines were followed as far as possible with the camera and very little was done free hand. Where all of a section could not be seen in the field with the desired magnification, and it was necessary to move the section, a break was left in the drawing as in Plate II, figures 2, 3, and 4. All drawings were made from free-hand sections of fresh material or from the plant as growing. The species marked + have not been previously reported from southwestern Ohio. Herbarium specimens of all except two or three species are preserved in the herbaria of Freda M. Bachman and Bruce Fink. Nearly full sets are also deposited in the Lloyd museum at Cincinnati, Ohio, and in the herbarium of W. G. Stover. The writer is indebted to Dr. H. Rehm, Rev. Giacoma Bres- adola and Dr. Narcisse Patouillard for determining some of the more difficult species; to Prof. F. J. Seaver for suggestions as to culture methods; to Mr. C. G. Lloyd for the use of literature and specimens in the Lloyd library and museum at Cincinnati, Ohio; to Mr. Wm. Holden, librarian, for looking up literature; to Mr. P. L. Ricker for several citations and types, and to Dr. Bruce Fink, under whose direction all of the work was done, for kind advice and most helpful suggestions. FreDA M. BACHMAN. Miami University, Oxford, O., Aug. 31, 1908. BIBLIOGRAPHY. ALBERTINI, J. B. VON AND SCHWEINITZ, L. D. von. Conspectus Fungorum. 1805. ATKINSON, Gay Mushrooms, Edible and Poisonous. Ed. 2. 1903. Batscu, A. J. G. C. Elenchus Fungorum. 1786. BERKELEY, M. J. Outlines of British Fungology. 1860. Boupier, E. Memoire sur les Ascobolees. Ann. Sci. Nat. 10°: 191-268. 1869. ; Bouvier, E. Discomycetes D’Europe. 1907. Butiiarb, M. Histoire des Champignons de la France 1: 1791. Cooke, M. C. Handbook of British Fungi. 2: 1871. Cooke. M. C. Mycographia. 1: 1879. De CANDOLLE, A. P. et Lamarck, J. Flore Francaise. 1805. Dittentius, J. J. Catalogus Plantarum. 17109. Duranp, E. J. Classification of the Fleshy Pezizineae with Reference to the Structural Characters illustrating the Basis of their Division into Families. Bull. Torr. Bot. Club, 27: 463-495. 1900. Fries, E. Observationes Mycologicae. 1, 2, 3: 1818. Fries, E. Systema Mycologicum 2: 1822. Fries, E. Systema Orbis Vegetabilis, 1825. Fries, E. Elenchus Fungorum, 1828. Fries, E. Summa Vegetabilium Scandinaviae, 1846. Fries, E. Novae Symbolae Mycologicae, 1851. GERARD, W. K. New Species of Fungi. Bull. Torr. Bot. Club. Me A -ASr and OA. < 91873 GILLeT, C. C. Les Discomycetes, 1879. GREVILLE, R. K. Scottish Cryptogamic Flora. 1823-28. HorrMAn, G. H. Vegetabilia Cryptogamica 2: 1790. Hone, Datsy S. Minnesota Helvellinaea Minn. Bot. Stud. 3: 309-321. 1904. Jacquin, N. J. Miscellanea Austriaca 1: 1778. Karsten, A. P. Mycologia Fennica 1: 1871. Korper, G. W. Parerga Lichenologica. 1865. 21 22 Proceedings of the Ohio State Academy of Science Kuprer, Evste M. Studies on Urnula and Geopyxis. Bull. Lore: Bot Glab.20- e714 oo2 LINNAEUS, © PlorasSuecia, 1775- LINNAEUS, Ce “Species Plantarum std vi ae 1 se LInNAEuS, C. Genera Plantarum Ed. 5: 1754. lciInWwAEUS, Cy Species: Plantanuniatds 2.2 amunoes LinnAEUS, ©. “systema Natura, 2deeress2esa 70m MasseEg, G. British Fungus Flora. 4: 1895. MassEE, G. A Monograph of the es Anreehor i: 50-075 al G07. MclItvaInE, C. One Thousand American Fungi 1goo. MonrTacn_e, J. F. Sylloge Generum Specierumque Cryptogama- rum, 1856. Morcan, A. P. The Morels. Journ. Mycol. 8: 49-50. 1902. Morean, A. P. Discomycetes of Miami Valley. Journ. Mycol. 8: 179-192. 1902. NEES vON ESENBECK, TH. F. System der Pilze. 1837. Persoon, C. H. Icones et Descriptiones Fungorum Minus Cog- Mito L, 27 i7Oe: Prersoon, C. H. Observationes Mycologicae. 2: 1799. Persoon, C. H. Synopsis Methodica Fungorum. 1801. Persoon, C. H. Icones Pictae Rariorum Fungorum. 1803. Prersoon, C. H. Mycologia Europaea: 1, 2, 3): 1822-28; Puituips, W. British Discomycetes. 1887. Queer, L. Enchiridion Fungorum. 1886. Reum, H. Ascomyceten. 1881. ReHM, H. Hysteriaceen und Discomyceten. Rabenhorst’s Cryptogamic Flora. 3: 56-1172. 1806. Saccarpo, P. A. Conspectus Generum Discomycetum hucusque cognitorum. Bot. Cent. 18: 213-220, 247-256. 1884. Saccarpo, P. A. Sylloge Fungorum, 8: 3-802; 10: I-63; II: 391-435; 12: I-1039; 15: I-455. 1887-1001. SCHAEFFER, J. Icones Fungorum, 1763. ScHRADER, H. F. Spicilegium Florae Germanicae. I: 1794. SCHROTER, J. Helvineae and Pezizineae, Engler & Prantl. Die Naturlichen Pflanzenfamilien. 11: 162-243. 1894. ScHuMmacHER, C. F. Enumeratio Plantarum 2: 1803. Proceedings of the Ohio State Academy of Science 23 SCHWEINITZ, L. D. von. Synopsis Fungorum Carolinae Su- periores. .Schrift. Nat. Gesel. Leips. 1: 1-105. 1822. ScHWEINITz, L. D. von. Synopsis Fungorum in America Bo- realm rans. Am: ‘Phil-.Soc. 4:141-316. pl. 109. SEAVER, F. J. Discomycetes of Eastern lowa. Bull. Univ. lows 52> 1-70.. 1904) Sowersy, J. English Fungi. 1, 2, 3: 1797-’03. StTREINZ, W. M. Nomenclator Fungorum. 1862. STURM, J. Pilze Deutschlands. 1-4: 1817. TuLASNE, C. Selecta Fungorum Carpologia. 3: 1865. Unberwoop, L. M. On the Distribution of the North American Helvellales. Minn. Bot. Stud. 1: 483-500. 1806. Unpberwoop, L. M. Moulds, Mildews and Mushrooms. 1899. WAHLENBERG, G. Flora Suecia. 2: 1826. EXPLANATION OF EE wits: BraArE als Lachnea setosa Fig. 1—apothecium, natural size ” 2—structure of apothecia, X 55 ” 3—hair from outside of cup, * 55 ” 4—paraphysis, « 200 » 8—ascus, * 200 ” 6—spore somewhat immature, “ 200 ” -{7—mature spores, * 200 Pustularia stevensoniana Fig. 8—apothecium, natural size ” 9 — structure of apothecia, * 45 10 — paraphysis, & 325 * ji ages, >< sy ” 12—spores, X 325 Puate II. Ascobolus atrofuscus Fig. 1—apothecium, K 2 “2, 3, and 4— Sterile part of apothecium, * 325 5 —paraphysis, & 325 =) .0)—asctisscloseds >a 325 “7 —ascus with operculum removed, * 325 8— mature spores, * 325 oe leiNaiy, ALM Arachnopeziza aurelia Fig. 1—apothecium, « 2 “_2—paraphyses, * 325 3—ascus, * 325 4— spores, & 325 “ce ““ Sclerotinia tuberosa Fig. 6—mature apothecium and sclerotium, natural size “7 — younger stages, natural size 8 — paraphysis, & 325 ~ 9 —ascus)->< 325 “10— spores, & 325 “ce 24 SS = SS ve ap ( L Hip aO nh AY A 3 as ; 4, K LE ROG DS =o yrs B ae Be Zi BRL A ez I s@ive? ao ue, ay) een ey eee Ee); 7 on, uv wee, ry oe Pa APR es SS AI OR DOESN VHS O LPO D2 q 3 Plate I. Plate TIT. 2 RR INL IPE Oe \ = ae , : i. 1) PPM ES TY Sea (XT Ss Plate IV. Proceedings of the Ohio State Academy of Science 25 Helotium herbarum Fig. 11— apothecium on an old stem, & 2 “12 — paraphysis, * 3825 oI asens, S< sys “14 — spores, & 325 PLATE IV. Dasyscypha virginea Fig. 1-—part of the center of the cup and the outer cells and hairs, X 325 “_ 2—paraphyses, X 325 Sal ASCise aso) “4 spores, X 325 Sarcoscypha occidentalis Fig. 5—part of the center of the cup and the outer cells and hairs, X 325 © (== paresis, < BL “7 —ascus, spores immature, X 325 “_8— mature spores, X 325 Orbilia xanthostigma Fig. 9—structure of apothecium, « 460 “10 — paraphysis, * 460 “ 11—asci, & 460 “12 — spores, X 460 Mollisia cinerea Fig. 13— part of the center of the cup, the outer cells, and attach- ing hyphae, * 325 ~ 14—paraphysis, K 325 oI) = aisewis, SC B25 “16 — spores, X 325 KEY TOPORD Tits: a— Hymenium covered by a membrane until maturity of spores SP ee eee Eee Ae ieee on site Ame Wine ae a Achobic's ogc Phacidiales a—Hymenium exposed from the first or very early b— Receptacle pileate, mitrate, or clavate..........2..2- Helvellales b= Receptacle cup-shaped or) planets. geeks eee eee Pezizales Order J. PHACIDIALES. Vegetative portion within the substratum; saprophytic or parasitic; apothecia immersed or superficial, at first enclosed within a membrane which ruptures irregularly at maturity of the spores. Family I. STICTIDACEAE. Saprophytic. Apothecia soft, fleshy, bright or light colored, immersed in the substratum, rounded or elliptic. Hypothecium thin or nearly absent. Exciple thin, tough, membranaceous, ad- nate to the substratum. Gents) Ie -Proronise Er Sum. Veow Scand 3725 sc4g; Type species, Stictis farinosa Pers. Myc. Eur. 339. 1822. Apothecia pale, yellowish or greenish, exterior brownish. Paraphyses linear, somewhat branched or merely indented at the ends. Asci 8 spored, clavate or cylindrico-clavate, somewhat narrowed at the base. Spores oblong, more or less curved, color- less, guttulate. Growing on decayed wood. Propolis faginea (Schrad.) Karst. Myc. Fenn. 244. 1871. Hysterium fagineum Schrad. Journ. Bot. 2: 68. 1799. Apothecia immersed, spreading, 3-7 mm. long, elliptical, pale, fleshy, membrane covering the hymenium pale grayish. Hymenium gray, hypothecium very poorly developed. Para- physes filiform, branched at the ends, hyaline when seen singly, in mass the ends appear to be filled with coloring matter and to be adherent. Asci cylindrico-clavate. Spores oblong or fusi- form, an oil globule in each end, 20-26 mic. long and 6-8 mic. wide. 26 Proceedings of the Ohio State Academy of Science 27 Common on old stumps, twigs, board fences, etc. Early spring to late autumn. Coll. Freda M. Bachman, Oct. 31, 1907. Bruce Fink, May tT, 1908. W. G. Stover, June 27, 1908. Freda M. Bachman, Aug. 5, 1908. Order I]. PEZzIzALEs. Vegetative portion within the substratum, or superficial ; saprophytic, rarely parasitic; apothecia plane, concave or con- vex, sessile or stipitate, fleshy, waxy, leathery or gelatinous, free or borne upon a stroma. Hymenium exposed from the first or at least very early; hypothecium well developed, exciple well developed or wanting. GEG Oe EVAS MIE ES a—Exciple well developed, leathery b— Apothecia minute, dark, free from the first........ Patellariaceae p= Aypollnecia aire. Gili eM oc eo oocusbeuusueogucaacs Cenangiaceae a— Exciple none or well developed but never leathery b — Exciple when present and hypothecium of similar structure CW xciplessuevelaped= silesiiymmciems-eiaieccmeces tele - Pezizaceae ce—Exciple wanting or poorly developed Gl PANS Chee Meh CMa sey Ge Hark te ous siain eerne ca a Ascobolaceae d= ASEH ANG GimMlenaCiltsae oes ose mone pene tee Gee Pyronemaceae b—Exciple and hypothecium of different structure c—Exciple of elongated, light colored usually thin-walled SUIS eo ae, ERED SHORES Eo nt eT ce Helotiaceae c— Exciple of roundish, dark, thick-walled cells..... Mollisiaceae Family I. PezizAckae. Mycelium mostly within the substratum; usually saprophy- tic; Apothecia fleshy, superficial or somewhat immersed in the substratum, sessile or stipitate, exterior smooth, scaly, warty or hairy. Hypothecium and exciple of similar structure and either prosenchymatous or pseudo-parenchymatous. KEY TO GENERA. i See SPM aR IIMA Ue ar Fe aed Sos, Sa isiace «wins sake Sede wale mle we Lachnea Ae heniallys SMOG SCaly. LOM Wettyr: cick g.c.ncci Saw e e metese sone Peziza 28 Proceedings of the Ohio State Academy of Science Genus. I, Peziza (Dull. 2 Gen PRAorny 1754 Type species, Peziza acetabulum L. Mycelium visible only near the base if at all. Apothecia fleshy, sessile or shortly stiptitate, varying much in size, smooth, warty or pruinose, never hairy, variously colored, plane, con- cave, or convex. Paraphyses simple or branched, colored or hyaline, filamentous or clavate. Asci cylindrical. Spores 8, large, smooth or rough, usually hyaline, elliptic, oblong-elliptic or spherical. Growing on earth or decayed wood. A very large genus. The subgenera often used as genera. KEY TO SUBGENERA. a iApothecias stipitater cnc vanes eae Cn eee eee ae Geopyxis a— Apothecia not stipitate b— Apothecia small, usually bright colored................ Humaria b — Apothecia large CSSA LOT a WEY: toms ele toe ea ag ee eh Ree eee a Pustularia c— Exterior scaly or smooth d— Asci becoming very blue with iodine............ Plicaria d— Asc slightly blue wath todimey =). -+s...-. ase: Discina Subgenus I. Discina. Apothecia solitary, at first bell-shaped, closed, finally plane, fleshy, edge of the cup wavy and often torn, base often nar- rowed into a very short thick stipe, exterior smooth. Para- physes branched at the base, septate, more or less clavate, col- ored. Asci cylindrical. Spores elliptical, simple, hyaline, often containing a single large oil globule, sometimes 2 oil globules. KID YOVORS PE Gun se a— Interior of the cup) covered with) larcenvems-.c. » ae venosa a—IAnterior of the cup vhaving (shallow sereoves ts. eee reticulata Pesiza reticulata. Grev. Crypt. Fl. 3: 156. 1825. Apothecia solitary or caespitose, 5-14 cm. broad, edge more or less incised, somewhat repand, interior rugose near the cen- ter, light brown becoming quite dark brown when older, exterior Proceedings of the Ohio State Academy of Science 29 whitish, pruinose, fleshy, brittle, substipitate or sessile. Stipe very short and thick. Hymenium brownish hypothecium and exciple of about the same color. Cells of the exciple and the hypothecium are elongated cylindrical cells of septate hyphae. Paraphyses enlarged at the ends, slightly adherent, rather nu- merous, quite brown at ends because of brownish granules. Asci cylindrical. Spores uniseriate, oval, smooth, 20-23 mic. long and 10-12 mic. wide. Apothecia are about twice as thick as those of Peziza re- panda Wahl. Growing on earth in woods. Coll. W. G. Stover, April 25, 1908. Bruce Fink, May 2, 1908. =-e212@ venosa Pers. Myc. Eur. 1: 220° 1822. Apothecia solitary, about 10 cm. broad, sessile, funnel- shaped, becoming quite expanded, interior umber brown and having large anastomosing veins, exterior nearly the same color when damp but, when somewhat dry, becoming whitish, very slightly pruinose or having minute fasciculate hairs, edge very tough becoming very dark, entire. Hymenium pale brownish, hy- pothecium of the same color, central part of the cup with less col- oring and composed of a network of hyphae, outer cells some- what dark. Paraphyses filiform, brownish, slightly clavate. Asci cylindrical, broader than those of P: repanda and P. re- ticulata. Spores smooth, hyaline, broadly elliptic, 20-24 mic. long and 19-12 mic. wide. Growing on the ground in the woods. Coll. Freda M. Bachman, April 28, 1908. Subgenus II. Pricarta. Apothecia often in groups or caespitose, sessile, at first spherical and closed becoming plane and more or less irregular in shape and often torn, fleshy. Paraphyses branched at the base, more or less enlarged upward, hyaline or colored. Asci cylindri- cal, ends quite blunt. Spores elliptical or oval, smooth or rough, simple, with or without oil globules, hyaline. 30 Proceedings of the Ohio State Academy of Science KEY, 20> SPECIES: 2— Apothecia very, dark browm om blues blacks sae saee neers badia a— Apothecra, light brow. en. © as ene obs ie eet ene eer eee repanda Pezga badia Pers. Mycol. Eur. 1: 224. 1822. Apothecia solitary or caespitose, 6-8 cm. broad, interior of the cup light brown with a slight purplish tinge, later becoming quite dark brown, more or less wrinkled at the center, exterior purplish near the base but the upper part covered with the ends of brownish, fasciculate, septate, hyphae making it more or less olivaceous; sessile or substipitate, base pubescent, white. Flesh blue, rather thin. Hymenium and hypothecium brownish, cen- tral part almost colorless and composed of large rounded cells; outer cells more compact and ends of hyphae protruding to form the granulations on the surface. Paraphyses septate, hyaline, unbranched, very slightly enlarged upward. Asci cylindrical, blue with iodine. Spores elleptic, granular at first, later biguttu- late, smooth, 15-17 mic. long and 6-8 mic. wide. The sterile parts of the apothecia are described by Massee as composed of hyphae irregularly inflated and less inflated near the outer part of the cup. Growing on rotting logs and on the ground in woods. Coll”, Bruce Fink, Wim: Shideler, May 10; 1907 @ea@: Overholts, H. W. Fink, May 2, 1908. Freda M. Bachman, May. 12, 1908. +Peziza repanda Wahl. Ups. 466. 1820. Apothecia solitary or caespitose, 6-10 em. broad, edge in- cised and repand, interior light brown, somewhat wrinkled toward the center, exterior mealy and whitish, but brownish when meal has been rubbed off; fleshy, brittle, substipitate, root- ing. Stipe 1-2 cm. long and about 1 cm. thick, wrinkled. Hy- menium almost colorless, hypothecium and central part of the cup brownish; cells of central and outer part very large and more or less rounded. Paraphyses filiform, septate, very few. Asci cylindrical. Spores uniseriate, hyaline, smooth, oval, but varying much in size, 12-17 mic. long and 6-10 mic. wide. Proceedings of the Ohio State Academy of Science 31 Growing on an old log, also on the ground in the woods. Coll. Marian Richey, Mary Hirn, Freda M. Bachman, April 25, 1908. Subgenus III. PusruLarta. Apothecia large, solitary or caespitose, immersed or above the substratum, spherical but finally expanded, exterior scaly or warty, base often narrowed and rootlike. Paraphyses branched at the base, septate, often enlarged upward and colored. Asci cylindrical, ends blunt. Spores elliptical or oval, 1 celled, with or without 2 small oil globules, smooth, hyaline. KEY TO! SPECIES: A SPORES eM aM ye ATITG, MOM Siac, crs coos eiela Sieve Se ea win eeiee nia a oe stevensoniana a,== Spores 20-223) sire, Woe pasa -ae seo coco mot on 6 cece ocoieD one vesiculosa +Peziza stevensoniana Ellis; Rhem Ascom. Lojk. 3, 1882. Apothecia solitary or caespitose, 3-4 cm. broad, interior pale brownish, exterior brownish or more often whitish and min- utely warty or scaly, edge of the cup often remaining somewhat involute; fleshy-waxy, brittle, shortly stipitate. Hymenium hya- line, other parts of the cup somewhat brownish. Paraphyses slender, very slightly enlarged upward, granular. Asci cylin- drical. Spores oval, smooth, hyaline, 12-15 mic. long and 10-12 mic. wide. Found growing on old logs. Coll. Bruce Fink, May 21, 1908. Freda M. Bachman, June 30, 1908. Peziza vesiculosa Bull. Hist. Champ. Fr. pl. 457. f. 1. 1787-1795. Apothecia solitary or caespitose, 1-3 cm. broad, interior light brown, exterior covered with minute light brown scales, cup- shaped or somewhat irregular, edge crenate or incised. Hyme- nium yellowish, hypothecium and central part paler and com- posed of large rounded cells, exterior darker. Paraphyses fili- form, few, somewhat larger near the ends. Asci cylindrical. Spores oval, smooth; 20-22 mic. long and 8-10 mic. wide. 32 ~~ Proceedings of the Ohio State Academy of Science Growing on dung or in gardens. Very common in the spring. Coll. Bruce and H. W. Fink, May 27; *1907--sHredageye Bachman, April 15, 1908. Stephen R. Williams, April 30, 1908. Subgenus IV. Humarta. Apothecia usually in groups, seldom solitary, sessile, at first closed, soon expanded, often becoming convex, sometimes nar- rowed at the base, fleshy, usually red or yellow in color. Para- physes branched at the base, septate, often enlarged upward, filled with colored oil globules. Asci cylindical, ends rounded. Spores elliptical, oval, or spindle-shaped, usually smooth, simple, with or without oil globules, hyaline, but when mature often colored. Ke NeS TOM Sie Glthyss a= eA Otlie cian lt OnvaSINaas elevate ae cen ieee eee ees ae fuscocarpa a Nnonlmeciel Ghoul svellllONirookcooccauscecaenscodunndsbeqecadac convexula Peziza fuscocarpa Ell. and Holw. Journ. Mycol. 1:5. 1885. Apothecia scattered, 3-8 mm. broad, interior of the cup al- most black, exterior olivaceous or dark brown with large brown septate hairs near the base. Hymenium reddish-brown; hypo- thecium dark brown, central part of the cup composed of large olive-brown cells, outer cells very dark. Paraphyses very nu- merous, slender, brownish with green granules. Asci cylindri- cal. Spores ovoid, olivaceous, guttulate, 8-10 mic. long and 4 mic. wide. Growing on well-rotted wood. Coll, Bruce Fink, Freda. M. Bachman; Nov..11) 19072 +Peziza convexula Pers. Obs. Mycol. 85. 1796. Apothecia caespitose or scattered, 3-5 mm. broad, some- what convex, interior and exterior dull yellow, sessile, fleshy. Hymenium ochraceous, hypothecium paler, central part of the cup colorless. Paraphyses septate, clavate, ochraceous, numer- ous. Asci cylindrical. Spores broadly elliptic, colorless, smooth, 15-20 mic. long and 14-12 mic. wide, when mature usually having one large oil globule in the center. Proceedings of the Olio State Academy of Science 33 Growing on ground among moss. Coll. W. G. Stover, April 30, 1908. Subgenus V. GEOPYNXIS. Apothecia usually in groups, cup-shaped, fleshy, sessile later stipitate, closed and spherical, later plane, exterior smooth. Paraphyses branched at the base, septate, often enlarged upward and colored. Asci cylindrical, ends usually rounded. Spores elongated or elliptical, smooth, simple, with or without a large central oil globule. Peziza nebulosa Cooke Mycog. 163. f. 281. 1879. Apothecia scattered, 0.5-1 cm. broad, dull gray in color, at first cup shaped become almost or entirely plane, stipitate. Stipe I cm. or less in length, about 2 mm. in diameter, expanding into the cup. Hymenium slightly brownish, hypothecium and ex- ciple dull gray. Paraphyses filiform, slender. Asci cylindrical. Spores usually fusiform, guttulate, 30-35 mic. long and 7-8 mic. wide. Growing on old wood in very wet places. Coll. Freda M. Bachman, G. D. Smith, Bruce Fink, August 6, 1908. Genus IJ. LAcHNneA Quel. Bull. Soc. Myc. Fr. 25:291. 1878. Type species, Lachnea fimbriata Quel. Mycelium within the substratum. Apothecia fleshy or somewhat waxy, sessile, at first closed, becoming plane or con- cave, exterior or at least the edge pilose or tomentose, hairs dark, variously colored. Paraphyses linear or clavate, frequently filled with colored granules near the apex. Asci cylindrical, usually long, hyaline. Spores 8, elliptic or oblong, smooth or rough, often biguttulate and minutely granular, hyaline. Growing on the ground, decaying wood or other organic material. Structure of the cup is similar to that of Peziza but dis- tinct from that genus by the hairy exterior or edge of the cup. 34 Proceedings of the Ohio State Academy of Science KEY TO SPECIES? J Epispore mourned is Apa ae + seein ener eerie hemispherica a— Epispore smooth b— Interior of the cup at first red e— Cups 22) cau, ;brodd ea. et See ee eee eee scutellata C= (Curls GAS: santos osrOGl goncumcceauasoescHoccdnodovencove setosa b— Interior of the cup brownish C= Cis OHH somo) lore shascadachsascconcsoocance erinaceus ¢— Cupse 3-5" cm. sbnoads: 25. .a-)ete eeeee eee fusicarpa +-Lachnea fusicarpa Ger. inBull. Torr. Bot. Cl. 4:64. 1893. Apothecia solitary, 3-5 cm. broad, hemispherical, never plane, interior of the cup pale brown, exterior darker brown and covered with short, fasciculate brown, septate hairs; base wrinkled or folded, forming a short thick stipe. Hymenium and hypothecium slightly brownish, outer cells brown. Paraphyses filiform. Asci cylindrical. Spores elliptic, guttulate, 30 mic. long and to mic. wide, with a heavy brownish wall. Growing on the ground under beech trees. Partially im- mersed. Coll. Freda M. Bachman, Sept., 1907: Lachnea henuspherica (Wigg.) Gillet Les Disco. de Fr. 73. 1789. Peziza hemispherica Wigg. in Hoffm. Veget. Crypt. 223.) pli weit. Osaly7@0: Apothecia caespitose or solitary, 1-3 cm. broad, fleshy-carti- laginous, brittle, interior pale lead-color becoming white when dry, exterior covered with fasciculate brown hairs, more abun- dant on the edge. Hairs rather stiff, stout, septate, dark brown, pointed, 70-100 mic. long, in fascicles, sometimes somewhat broader at the base. Hypothecium slightly darker than the hya- line parenchymatous cells which compose the greater part of the cup, outermost cells brown. Paraphyses straight, septate, tips clavate. Asci cylindrical. Spores obliquely uniseriate, oblong, biguttulate 18-22 mic. long and 12-14 mic. wide, epispore min- utely roughened. Found on very much decayed log next to the ground. Coll. Freda M. Bachman, July 4, 1908. Proceedings of the Ohio State Academy of Science 35 Opinions seem to vary as to the spores. Massee says they are at first smooth and then minutely aspirate; Phillips says they are smooth; Cooke in Mycographia says they have sometimes a tendency to become rough and gives figures to illustrate. +Lachnea setosa (Nees.) Phil. Brit, Disco. 406. 1887. ezizasetosay Nees. Sys..200< 1. 275, IS17- Apothecia caespitose or in groups, 6-8 mm. broad, sessile, plane, mahogany-red, after drying losing color and then pale yel- lowish gray, exterior of the cup covered with dark brown, sep- tate, pointed hairs. Hymenium reddish, hypothecium of the same color, outer cells of the cup hyaline or tinged with brown. Paraphyses red, clavate at the ends. Asci cylindrical, hyaline. Spores broadly oval, uniseriate, 1-3 oil globules, very often a single large oil globule nearly filling the spore, 16-24 mic. long and 10-12 mic. wide. Growing on rotten wood in the woods. Very common in summer and fall. Coll. Freda M. Bachman, Nov. 3, 1907, June 20, 1908. G. D. Smith, W. G. Stover, August 4, 1908. Lachnea scutellata (Sow.) Gill. Les Disco. de Fr. 75. 1879. Peziza scutellata Sow. Eng: Fung. 1: pl. 24. 1797. Apothecia sessile or nearly so, 1-2 cm. broad, interior at first dark red, later becoming brighter red, exterior at first pale, later brownish because covered with dark, brown, pointed, sep- tate straight hairs; edge fringed with longer but similar hairs which at first extend in toward the center but later stand erect or outward. Hymenium reddish-orange in color, hypothecium pale grayish, exciple still lighter in color. Paraphyses septate, unbranched, numerous, enlarged at the apices, filled with orange granules. Asci cylindrical. Spores uniseriate, oblong-elliptic, granular, 18-22 mic. long and 8-12 mic. wide. Growing on old wood, also on soil. Very common till late fall. Coll. Freda M. Bachman, April 25, 1907, July 19, 1907. Bruce Fink, W. G. Stover, April 17, 1908. Freda M. Bachman, August 4, 1908. 36 © Proceedings of the Ohio State Academy of Science + Lachnea erinaceus (Schw.) Sacc. Syl. Fung. 8: 182. 1889. Peziza erinaceus Schw. Syn. Fung. Carol. No. 1194. 1822. Apothecia in clusters, 0.5-1.5 mm. broad, fleshy, interior light brown, exterior covered with bristle-like, brown, septate, pointed hairs. Hymenium and hypothecium pale gray, outer cells of the cup slightly brownish. Paraphyses filiform, slender, granular. Asci cylindrical. Spores hyaline, oblong-elliptic, 2-4 oil globules, uniseriate, 13-16 mic. long and 8-10 mic. wide. Growing on rotten wood. Probably quite common. Goll! Bruce and=Be We Pink, june 15 1907, Family I]. PyRONEMACEAE. Mycelium mostly superficial and threadlike. Apothecia plane or convex from the first. [ypothecium and exciple when present of similar structure, usually pseudo-parenchymatous. Exciple more often wanting or very poorly developed. Growing on soil, charcoal, ashes, or decaying vegetation. Genus I. PyroneMa Carus Nova. Acta Acad. Caes. Leop. Car. 17 ee YIN (Olly 2 7ine we Ines, . Type species, Pyronema marianum Carus. Mycelium delicate, radiating, white, weblike. Apothecia fleshy, sessile, plane or convex from the first, small, usually bright-colored, glabrous or hairy, distinct or more or less con- fluent as the hymenium spreads. Exciple very poorly developed. Paraphyses slender or stout, often granular, colored or hyaline, simple, septate or non-septate, filiform or clavate. Asci cylin- drical or cylindrico-clavate. Spores 8 ellipsoid or oblong, hya- line, without oil globules, smooth. Growing most commonly on ashes, charred wood or on the ground where there has been fire, but also found on newly plas- tered walls and paper. Early spring to late fall. Pyronema confluens (Pers.) Tul. Select. Fung. Carp. 3: 197. 1865. Peziza confluens Pers. Obs. Mycol..81. No. 126. pl. 5. f. (6, aade7 aor Proceedings of the Ohio State Academy of Science 27, Apothecia crowded or confluent, spreading, convex, 1-2 mm. broad, fleshy, orange yellow, sessile. Hymenium pale salmon- pink, hypothecium darker, central part of the cup colorless. Paraphyses filiform, rather stout, sometimes appearing pseudo- septate, hyaline but pinkish in mass. Asci cylindrical, wall thickened at the ends. Spores uniseriate, hyaline, 10-12 mic. long and 6-7 mic. wide, oval, smooth. Growing on ashes and burnt wood. Probably common. Spring and summer. Coll. Freda M. Bachman, April 24, 1908. Family III. AscoBoLaAceEAe. Mycelium mostly in the substratum. Apothecia fleshy, su- perficial or somewhat immersed, sessile or nearly so, exterior smooth, scaly, or hairy. Exciple when present, and hypothecium of similar structure and usually pseudo-parenchymatous. Ex- ciple often wanting or poorly developed. Asci emergent. KEY TO GENERA. a— Spores at maturity dark colored. De SpOnesminedsegelavimous semvelopes ances castes +e Saccobolus (p= Spores Ole Tim, aiet CimyOOSy gS docnodaeeens sums soto aco os Ascobolus a— Spores hyaline. b— Apothecia covered externally with sharp, pointed hairs Ss 0B CEOS ON eRe ICD aR ME eR ne es er Se ee Lasiobolus b— Apothecia not covered with conspicuous hairs........2 Ascophanus Gedus ie AscoBoLus- Pers) -inGimel. Sys. 14601: 1791. Type species, Peziza stercoraria Bull.=Ascobolus fur- furaceus Pers. Mycelium within the substratum. Apothecia fleshy or fleshy-gelatinous, sessile or rarely substipitate, at first concave, becoming either plane or convex, small glabrous or scaly, rarely hairy. Hymenium more or less gelatinous, hyaline or colored. Paraphyses numerous, slender, scarcely enlarged upwards, at first longer than the asci, simple or divided at the base, septate. Asci clavate or cylindrico-clavate, large, attenuated at the base, the apex broad, the operculum round and often drawn up to a 38 Proceedings of the Ohio State Academy of Science point in the center. Spores 8, large, oblong or elliptic, hyaline, then purple and finally brown, smooth with longitudinal branch- ing ridges or verrucose. As the spores mature the hymenium presents a dotted, papillate appearance caused by the hyaline emergent asci filled with dark spores. Commonly found on dung but also on damp paper or other decaying plant material. The genus may be distinguished from others of the family by the color and reticulations of the spores, by the non-adherent epispore, and by the length of the paraphyses. IRIN INO) SNe CIES). A Exterior sOmlthe aApothecian nots scaly aimmegsedan nee eeer immersus a— Exterior of the apothecia scaly. (DIDS MORES MMUUNely WEIR. ge oo lb ace deescusoncescoacce atrofuscus b— Epispore with longitudinal reticulations.............. furfuraceus +Ascobolus immersus Pers. Syn. Fung. 677. 1801. Apothecia solitary or in groups, minute, immersed in the substratum, interior pale-olivaceous, becoming very dark as spores mature; exterior covered with minute hyaline hairs. Hy- menium slightly greenish, hypothecium pale. Paraphyses often branched. Asci broadly clavate. Spores oblong-elliptic, show- ing the large nucleus when immature, becoming brown with lon- gitudinal and branched reticulations; enclosed in a hyaline en- velope, 50-60 mic. long and 22-23 mic. wide. Grown in the laboratory on old cow dung. Ascobolus furfuraceus Pers. Obs. Mycol. 33. 1796. Apothecia scattered or in clusters, 3-6 mm. broad, sessile, pale olive, becoming quite dark as the spores mature, exterior covered with yellowish scaly particles. Hymenium greenish, hypothecium pale. Paraphyses filiform, granular, somewhat en- larged at the ends. Asci clavate, operculate, ends blunt and usually somewhat narrower. Asci and paraphyses hyaline, but both surrounded by a greenish, gelatinous, granular mass. Spores. uniseriate or irregular, ellipsoid, with longitudinal reticulations, 23 mic. long and 10 mic. wide. Proceedings of the Ohio State Academy of Science 39 Grown in the laboratory on old cow dung. Found in a pas- ture on cow dung. Coll. Freda M. Bachman, April 4, 1908. +Ascobolus astrofuscus Phil. & Plow. in Grev. 2: 186. pl. 24. ity ite iveyfale Apothecia solitary or in groups, sessile, becoming plane, edge crenulate, interior and exterior dark reddish-brown, ex- terior scaly. Hymenium and outer cells of the cup brownish. Paraphyses somewhat longer than the asci, simple or branched. Asci narrowly clavate. Spores oblong-elliptic, 22 mic. long and 13 mic. wide, hyaline, then violet, then brown, minutely warty. Growing on the ground where fire had been and among charcoal. Coll. Freda M. Bachman, July 1, 1908. Genus Il. SAccozotus Bond. Ann. Sci. Nat. 10:228. 1869. _ Type species, Saccobolus kerverni (Cronan) Boud. Mycelium within the substratum. Apothecia fleshy, sessile, somewhat concave, then becoming plane and convex, small, some- what transparent, glabrous. Paraphyses numerous, slender, septate, simple or branched, of the same length as the asci, the apices clavate and often colored. Asci broad, short, attenuated at the base, emergent, with triangular operculum. Spores 8, usually elliptic, hyaline, then purple and finally brown, smooth, if ridged, then transversely never longitudinally, large, enclosed in a common hyaline gelatinous envelope. Growing on dung. The genus is easily distinguished from Ascobolus by the smaller size of the apothecia, by the shorter, larger and less prominent asci, by the shorter paraphyses, and by the gelatinous envelope enclosing the spores. The hymenium becomes dotted as in Ascobolus as the spores mature. +Saccobolus depauperatus (B. & Br.) Phil. Brit. Disco. 296. 1887. Ascobolus depauperatus B. & Br. Ann. and Mag. Nat. Piste ms 448. No. 1064. *pl:-t4.98 6). 1665. Apothecia scattered or in groups, pale pink, becoming some- 40 Proceedings of the Ohio State Academy of Science what darker, minute, sessile. Paraphyses slender, bent at the ends, not branched. Asci operculate, broadly clavate, hyaline. Spores hyaline, then purple, then brown, oval or somewhat fusi- form, ejected in a mass surrounded by a gelatinous envelope, not filling the ascus when mature, 12 mic. long and 5 mic. wide. Grown on old cow dung in the laboratory. Coll. Freda M. Bachman, Nov. 13, 1907. Genus III. AscopHanus Bond. Mem. Ascob. 51. 1869. Type species, Ascophanus subfuscus (Cronan) Bond. Mycelium mostly in the substratum but more or less abun- dant beneath the apothecia. Apothecia fleshy or fleshy-gelatinous, sessile, concave then plane or convex, small, glabrous or pruinose, somewhat pyriform. Paraphyses simple or branched, septate, slender, often granular, hyaline or colored, equal in length with the asci, apices usually clavate. Asci broadly clavate, rarely ob- long-ovate, hyaline or slightly tinted, attenuated at the base, prominent as crystalline papillae cn the hymenium, with a con- spicuous round, often recurved operculum. Spores 8 or 16, elliptic or oblong-elliptic, when immature surrounded singly by a hyaline gelatinous envelope, smooth or rare minutely punc- tate, hyaline or very slightly tinted, the nucleus conspicuous. Commonly found on dung but also on decaying plant ma- terial. ? The genus may be distinguished from Ascobolus and Sacco- bolus by the spores which are always hyaline although some- times by refraction they appear greenish or roseate, and from Lasiobolus by the less hairy exterior of the apothecia. A single species has 16 spores. +Ascophanus saccharinus (Currey) Bond. Ann. Sci. Nat. v. NOE plane et aGO: Ascobolus saccharinus Berk. & Curr. Journ. Bot. 2:154. fe el Orate Soe Apothecia scattered or crowded, 2-4 mm. broad, interior salmon pink, becoming convex, exterior paler, at first surrounded by hyaline hyphae which are not apparent later. Hymenium salmon pink, hypothecium very pale pink or hyaline. Paraphyses Proceedings of the Ohio State Academy of Science 41 stout, septate, enlarged near the apex and filled with reddish eranules. Asci clavate, very broad. Spores 8, smooth, irregu- larly arranged, oblong-elliptic, 18 mic. long and 10 mic. wide. Grown on cow and horse dung in the laboratory. Genus IV. Lasrozpotus Sacc. Bot. Cent. 18:220 [8]. 1884. Type species, Lasiobolus papillatus (Bond.) Sacc. Mycelium seldom visible. Apothecia fleshy, sessile, becom- ing plane or convex, minute, externally covered with sharp pointed hairs. Paraphyses simple or branched, septate, slender or somewhat stout, often granular, equaling the asci in length, apices often clavate. Asci clavate or cylindrico-clavate, hyaline, tapering slightly at the base. Spores 8, elliptic or oblong-elliptic, hyaline. Growing commonly on dung. The genus may be distinguished from Ascophanus by the sharp pointed hairs which cover the exterior of the apothecia. Lasiobolus equinus (Mull.) Karst. Acta Soc. Fauna et Fl. Fenn. Ze SELES 5 Rezizaveduma Mull, Pl Dan. 5:8. ple779. 4. 3... 1778: Apothecia in groups, 0.5-1.5 mm. broad. sessile, brownish, exterior of cup having a number of bristle-like, septate, color- less hairs. Hymenium, hypothecium and exciple brownish yel- low. Paraphyses numerous, septate, granular, rather stout. Asci cylindrico-clavate, operculate, hyaline. Spores oblong- elliptic, smooth, hyaline, usually granular, 22 mic. long and 10 or II mic. wide. Growing on old cow dung in pasture. Coll. Freda M. Bachman, April 21, 1908. Family IV. HELOTIACEAE. Mycelium superficial, somewhat superficial or wholly within ‘the substratum. Apothecia fleshy-waxy, waxy, membranous, cartilaginous or gelatinous, sessile or stipitate, exterior smooth or hairy, concave becoming more or less plane or plane from the first. Hypothecium usually distinct from the tissue beneath. Excipleé composed of elongated, palallel, light colored cells. 42 Proceedings of the Ohio State Academy of Science KEY TO GENERA. a= IMibveeltubal Sujal ohueadbodamcoveocendepantoscc ace Arachnopeziza a— Mycelium within substratum. b— Apothecia springing from sclerotia. c= Apothecia- large aaceak ease eee eee Sclerotinia ¢— Apothecias sinalll seks acon eee ee eee b— Apothecia not from sclerotia. c — Externally hairy. d— Apothecia large, bright-colored, hairs inconspicu- Otis. appressed Wie.ctian to aaieeeos nee eee ren Sarcoscypha d— Apothecia small, pale. e— Apothecia sessile or subsessile............. Lachnella C= AMOUNT, Stopmigwe Sgocnscauccesnsoascouc Dasyscypha c — Externally smooth. d— Cartilaginous or gelatinous. @== Spores simple.) 4. wee a eok wie ae ee Ombrophila e—= Sporess severally cellledis sees ete Coryne d — Waxy. es Stipes slender she fe Rae Rt a Se suena ven heana Phialea == Stipe snomes Olea aickee: soy enerr cine Helotium Gensel] HELO mugieters Sy ile inom 727s Teo Ony Type species, Leotia acicularis Pers. Mycelium within the substratum. Apothecia waxy, often thick, sessile or with a short thick stipe, externally smooth or sometimes pruinose, often plane from the first, usually bright colored and small. Paraphyses slender, filiform. Asci cylin- drical or cylindrico-clavate, hyaline. Spores 8, elliptic, fusiform, ovoid or oblong, blunt or sharp pointed, hyaline, guttulate, pseudo-septate, 2-4 celled. Growing on old wood or herbaceous stems. Ken Ya OSS Es Giibss A= lhntSroir Our ae Culp) loeisilnr wellOne.,.saccscecccccccacuccenovnc citrinum a— Interior of the cup pale yellow. b== Growing on swood sce aak. nee oe eee eee pallescens bb Growile © ony SteMms:.0. convo ee ee herbarum +Helotium herbarum (Pers.) Fr. Sum. Veg. Scand. 356. 1846. Peziza herbarum Pers. Syn. Fung. 1: 664. 1801. Apothecia sessile, pale yellow, 1-3 mm. broad. Hymenium, Proceedings of the Ohio State Academy of Science 43 hypothecium and exciple colorless. Paraphyses filiform. Asci slightly clavate. Spores ellipsoid or fusiform, guttulate, pseudo- septate, 10-15 mic. long and 2.5-4 mic. wide. Very common on old stems in late autumn. Coll. Freda M. Bachman, Oct. 31, 1907. —-Helotium pallescens (Pers.) Fr. Sum. Veg. Scand. 355. 1846. Peziza pallescens Pers? Obs. Mycol. 85. 1799. Apothecia scattered or in groups, I-2 mm. broad, sessile or shortly stipitate, yellowish white. Hymenium and hypothecium slightly brownish, central and outer cells of the cup pale gray. Paraphyses filiform. Asci cylindrico-clavate. Spores oblong elliptic, guttulate, pseudo-septate, 8-13 mic. long and 2-4 mic. wide. Found growing on old wood. Coll. Freda M. Bachman, Nov. 13, 1907. Flelotium citrinum (Hedw.) Fr. Sum. Veg. Scand. 355. 1846. Octospora citrina Hedw. Desc. Muse. Frond. 1: 28. pl. Je DOT: Apothecia caespitose or in groups, 2 mm.-I cm. broad, often plane from the first, usually with a short stipe, interior very bright vellow, exterior paler, smooth. Stipe 1-3 mm. long. Hy- menium pale olivaceous and slightly darker than the hypothe- cium, exciple hyaline. Paraphyses hyaline. Asci cylindrico- clavate. Spores pseudo-septate, oblong-elliptic or fusiform, 10- 15 mic. long and 3-4 mic. wide. Growing on old stumps or twigs. Very common in sum- mer and fall. Coll. Freda M. Bachman, Sept. 28, 1907. Bruce Fink, June 22, 1908. Sensis rTnATEA:: bond: Wes Discomde Fri93. 1879. Type species, Phialea aspregrenii (Fr.) Gill.—Phialea bolaris Bond. Mycelium within the substratum. Apothecia waxy-mem- branaceous, at first urceolate and more or less closed, later con- cave or convex, glabrous or pruinose, stipitate, with slender 44 Proceedings of the Ohio State Academy of Science stipe, usually bright-colored and small. Paraphyses slender, fili- form, slightly wider at the ends. Asci cylindrical or somewhat cylindrico-clavate. Spores 8, ovoid, oblong or somewhat rounded, hyaline. Growing on decorticate wood and herbaceous stems. The genus differs from Helotium in the more slender stipe, in the apothecia being urceolate and more or less colored at first. Phialea scutula (Pers.) Gill. Les Disco. de Fr. 108. 1879. Peziza scutula Pers. Mycol. Eur. 1: 284. 1882. Apothecia scattered, 2-3 mm. broad, cup-shaped becoming almost plane, stipitate, interior pale yellow, exterior same color. Stipe 5-8 mm. long, slender. Hymenium and hypothecium pale or colorless. Paraphyses filiform, slightly wider at the ends. Asci cylindrico-clavate. Spores pseudo-septate, guttulate, 3 or 4 oil globules, fusiform or oblong-elliptic, 16-18 mic. long and 3-5 mic. wide. Growing on old stems in damp places. Coll. Freda M. Bachman, @et. 31, 1907--- Bruce: Funk; aiuly, 4, 1908. Genus Ill. LACHNELLA Fr. Sum. Veg. Scand. 365, 1840: Type Species, Lachnella flammea (Alb. and Schw.) Fr. Mycelium within the sub-stratum. Apothecia fleshy-waxy, firm, sessile, at first closed and globose, then expanded, exterior pilose or villous, small. Hairs of the cup hyaline or colored. Paraphyses filiform or needle-like usually exceeding the asci in length. Asci cylindrico-clavate or clavate. Spores 8, simple, hyaline, oblong, oblong-elliptic or ovoid. Growing on decaying wood, stems, or leaves. +Lachnella papilaris ( Bull.) Phil. Brit. Disco. 257. 1887. Peziza papillaris Bull. Hist. Champ: Fr. pl “G7.sme 1787-1795. Apothecia caespitose or scattered, 1-2 mm. broad, cup- shaped becoming nearly plane but closed when dry, sessile, in- terior pallid, exterior of the same color but covered with brown, septate, blunt hairs, having crystal granules on the ends. Hy- Proceedings of the Ohio State Academy of Science 45 menium somewhat brownish, other parts of the cup pale gray. Paraphyses filiform, slightly exceeding the asci in length, more or less pointed at the ends. Asci cylindrico-clavate. Spores ob- long-elliptic, hyaline, 2-celled, 6-12 mic. long and 3 mic. wide. Growing on old wood. Very common. Coll. Freda M. Bachman, Nov. 22, 1907. Genus IV. SarcoscypHa Sacc. Syl. Fung. 8: 153. 1880. Type species, Sarcoscypha coccinea ( Jacq.) Sacc. Mycelium within the substratum. Apothecia waxy or fleshy-waxy, stipitate, generally cup-shaped, usually bright-col- ored, exterior tomentose and paler than the interior, caespitose or in groups, large. Hairs of the cup short or long, white or slightly colored often appressed and inconspicuous. Stipe erect or rooting. Paraphyses slender, branched, more or less clavate, filled with colored granules. A’ci cylindrical attenuated at the base. Spores 8, elliptic or oblong, smooth or seldom rough, hya- line, guttulate, large, simple. Growing on decorticate wood or partially buried sticks. KEY LO SPECIES: 2: TRIANIES. GOme CIO to ates Uke COR Gato nG Ones aaa orion Gere floccosa a— Hairs inconspicuous. lpn — (Oln Ineilisonnrrieal Sikes, aim Geil Goenukes 5 ee gomaaeacdacesoe- coccinea bp Onma ceapineawOOdmal luestinmiilen ser aciss <1 sects cece or occidentalis Sarcoscypha floccosa (Schw.) Sacc. Syl. Fung. 8: 156. T88o. O Peziza floccosa Schw. Syn. Am. No. 782. 1831. Apothecia solitary or caespitose, 1-2 cm. broad, fleshy, fun- nel-shaped, interior bright scarlet, exterior pink, tomentose, edge surrounded by longer erect hairs. Stipe straight or flexuous, 3-4 cm. long, tomentose. Hairs of the exterior colorless. Hy- menium and hypothecium reddish, outer parts hyaline. Para- physes filiform, hyaline, reddish in mass. Asci_ cylindrical. Spores granular, elliptic, 30 mic. long and 11 mic. wide. Growing on partly buried sticks in woods. Coll. Bruce Fink, May 30, 1908. Freda M. Bachman, Grace M. Kalter, June 10, 1908. 46 Proceedings of the Ohio State Academy of Science Sarcoscypha coccinea (Jacq.) Sacc. Syl. Fung. 8: 154. 1880: Peziza coccinea, Jacq. Fl. Aus’ 22 pl 109) es 77m Apothecia fleshy, 2-5 cm. broad, stipitate, interior brilliant scarlet, exterior pale or pinkish and covered with hyaline, ap- pressed, septate hairs, not apparent to the unaided eye. Para- physes numerous, filled with colored granules. Asci operculate. Spores uniseriate, oblong-elliptic, smooth, 23-29 mic. long and 10 mic. wide, oil globules varying in number. Found on sticks partly buried in the soil or under leaves. Probably rare. In early spring. Coll. Bruce Fink, April 11, 1908. Sarcoscypha occidentalis (Schw.) Sacc. 8: 154. 1889. Peziza occidentalis Schw. Syn. N. Am. Fung. 171 No. Fis Mee Tee Apothecia fleshy, leathery when dry, 1-2 cm. broad, stipitate, interior scarlet, exterior paler and covered with appressed, in- conspicuous hairs. Stipe 5 mm.-2 cm. long, slender. Hyme- nium pale brick-red, hypothecium and exciple pinkish. Para- physes filiform, tapering slightly toward the base, filled with reddish granules. Asci cylindrical. Spores uniseriate, oblong- elliptic, smooth, 18-20 mic. long, and 10 mic. wide, granular, usually containing 2 large oil globules when mature. Growing on sticks or decayed logs in the woods. Common all summer. Coll. Brice Pink, June 15, 1907, July 23; 1907, Gaaceaue Kalter, Freda M. Bachman, May 25, 1908, Freda M. Bachman, August 5, 1908. Genus V. CHLOROSPLENIUM Fr. Sum. Veg. Scand. 356. 1840. Type species, Chlorosplenium schweinitzii Fr.=Peziza chlora Schw. Mycelium within the substratum, often colored. Apothecia waxy, tough, stipitate, cup-shaped or somewhat irregular, be- coming expanded and often subflexuous and repand, green or olivaceous, interior often paler than exterior; glabrous, caespi- tose or in groups. Stipe short, thick. Paraphyses. simple or Proceedings of the Oluo State Academy of Science 47 divided only near the base, often granular and colored, the ends sometimes slightly adherent. Asci cylindrical or cylindrico- clavate. Spores 8, simple, elliptic or fusiform, usually guttulate. Growing on decaying wood. KEYS LOSS EE CLES. 2 = Simlnstirairionna, COlemeGl mince. soo coe ouc ceomeode sooSuddues oc aeruginosum a— Substratum uncolored. Ds Anothectaseneenishy yellow «cei seiner ssc re ee = eee = See chlora DD Anoilnecia weny Gkids caress Jo bocdoodoodeouesaudo ecco versiforme Chlorosplenium chlora (Schw.) Mass. Brit. Fung. Fl. 356. 1849. Peziza chlora Schw. Syn. Fung. Carol. No. 1235. 1822. Apothecia solitary or in groups, 4-6 mm. broad, interior greenish yellow, exterior slightly darker and somewhat rough- ened, cup-shaped. Hymenium pale olivaceous, hypothecium greenish, exciple dark. Paraphyses filiform, granular, rather stout. Asci cylindrico-clavate. Spores elliptic or fusiform, finely guttulate, 6-9 mic. long and 2.5-3 mic. wide. Growing on old wood. Probably quite common. Coll. Freda M. Bachman, Nov. 3, 1907. Chlorosplenum versiforme (Pers.) De. Not. Comm. Soc. Critt. eaberie=3 70s 1 OOH: Reviva wersthormis ers; lcon.. et Descr: 25. spl. 7: f. 7. 1708. Apothecia caespitose, 2-3.5 cm. broad, stipitate, funnel-shaped or somewhat irregular, interior and exterior greenish black. Stipe 1-2 cm. long. Hymenium slightly brownish, the ends of the paraphyses and asci dark green; hypothecium brown, cen- tral part of the cup of three dark brown and two lighter brown strata. Paraphyses filiform, branched, filled with green granules near the ends, also somewhat adherent at the ends. Asci cylin- drical. Spores 6-10 mic. long and 2-4 mic. wide, elliptic. Growing on rotting logs. Coll. Freda M. Bachman, Nov. 21, 1907. 48 Proceedings of the Ohio State Academy of Science Chlorosplenium aeruginosum (Oeder) Tul. Select. Fung. Carp. Qe ikeyA vakslOlsy Elvela aeruginosa Oeder Fl Dan, 3°°°7) pl 5e4nemees 1770. Mycelium coloring the substratum green. Apothecia in groups, 6 mm.-1 cm. broad, interior of the cup pale green or creamy, exterior verdigris-green; stipitate, somewhat leathery. Stipe 0.5-1 cm. long, usually slender. Hymenium and hypothe- cium almost colorless, central part of the same color, exterior portion dark green. Paraphyses filiform, sometimes branched. Asci cylindrico-clavate. Spores fusiform, 9-14 mic. long and 3-4 mic. broad, guttulate. Growing on rotting wood. Coll. Freda M. Bachman, Oct. 31, 1907. Bruce Fink, May 2, 1908. Grace M. Kalter, Bruce Pink, Aug. 11, 1908. Genus VI. Scierotinia Fuck. Symb. Mycol. 330. 1860. Type species, Sclerotinia libertiana Fuck. Apothecia fleshy-waxy, stipitate, cup-shaped or funnel shaped, later more or less expanded arising from sclerotia, large or small, usually glabrous. Stipe long, slender, more or less immersed. Paraphyses filiform. Asci cylindrical. Spores 8, oblong elliptic, ovate or elliptic, hyaline guttulate. Growing on the ground in the spring. +Sclerotima tuberosa (Hedw.) Fuck. Symb. Mycol. 331. 1869. Octospora tuberosa Hedw. Desc. Musc. Frond. 1: 33. DIERNON MeL ZO7: Apothecia springing from sclerotia, 2-3.5 cm. broad, stipi- tate, interior of the cup light to dark brown and becoming some- what wrinkled, exterior of the same color. Stipe 2-4 cm. long, slender, often flexuous. Hymenium brownish, hypothecium very dark brown, outer cells of the cup lighter brown. Paraphyses filiform. Asci cylindrical. Spores uniseriate, usually elliptic, sometimes oblong-elliptic, hyaline, smooth, 12 mic. long and 6 mic. wide. Growing on earth in the spring in woods. Very common. Proceedings of the Ohio State Academy of Science 49 Colljsinuce ands H.W» Bink May ro, 1907, Freda M, Bachman, April 23, 1908. Genus VII. ARACHNOPEzIzA Fuck. Symb. Mycol. 303. 1869. Type species, Tapesia aurelia Pers. Mycelium superficial, arachnoid. Apothecia fleshy-waxy, sessile, exterior villous or scaly, interior concave becoming plane ; in groups. Paraphyses filiform. Asci cylindrical or cylindrico- clavate. Spores 8, fusiform, oblong-elliptic, hyaline, simple or I-3 septate. Growing on decaying vegetation, most often on wood. KEYS TO SER CIES: ee MOMMA TUMITTC wer WMI rupert. Meas nein hele deaths tine onc) ctaaseicnee aie delicatula NT) OMG Gleam cis Termay Cll ©: Was crn teeaepsus sunieds sic seyer ene, ones eeeelenoeierene eae fe aurelia Arachnopeziza aurelia (Pers.) Fuck. Symb. Mycol. 303. 1869. Peazizapaurelia’ Pers. Miycol,, Bir, 270.) 1822: Mycelium often abundant, yellowish. Apothecia solitary or in groups, 0.5-1 cm. broad, hemispherical, becoming plane, interior of the cup bright yellow, exterior covered with reddish fasciculate hairs. [1ymenium and central part of the cup hya- line, hypothecium somewhat darker. Paraphyses filiform. 7Oreinia Pr. Sum. Vee. Scand. 357. 1840: Type species, Orbilia xanthostigma Fr. Sys. Mycol. 146. 1822. Mycelium usually entirely within the substratum. Apothe- cia subgelatinous, becoming more or less plane, sessile or some- times very shortly stipitate, glabrous, small, reddish or yellowish, somewhat translucent. Paraphyses simple or branched at the base, the ends clavate, globose, flattened or covered with a muci- laginous epithecium. Asci cylindrico-clavate. Spores 8, small, ovoid, filiform, fusiform or spherical, simple. Growing on wood or other decaying plant material. SEY. TO; SPECIES: a— Mycelium partially above the substratum.................. auricolor a— Mycelium wholly within the substratum. Hee POLESMSp neta Cale eA em acme etn soak a isieenitts Susiare slonsie aye chore rete coccinella b — Spores linear or oblong. C= SPORES HAO: MMIC wlOM Gyles cesta lene) ance e leeie ems terse xanthostigma eE— Socres a4) ime, dlomers ssacguceedboomedouebeonenccnSc vinosa Orbilia vinosa (Alb. & Schw.) Karst. Myc. Fenn. tor. 1871. Peziza vinosa Alb. & Schw. Consp. Fung. 308. 1805. Apothecia scattered or in groups, shortly stipitate, 1-2.5 mm. broad, funnel-shaped then plane, externally smooth, interior and exterior bright red; subgelatinous. Stipe about I mm. long, stout. Hymenium pinkish-yellow, hypothecium and exciple pale gray. Paraphyses enlarged at the ends, often globose. Spores needle- like, 10-14 mic. long and 1 mic. wide, hyaline. 58 Proceedings of the Ohio State Academy of Science Common on old wood and the inside of bark. Coll. Freda M. Bachman, Oct. 30; 1907. LE; ©) @yerolts; May 2, 1908. Bruce Fink, Aug. 7, 1908. +-Orbilia coccinella Fr. Sum. Veg. Scand. 357. 1849. Apothecia scattered or in groups, subsessile, 1-2 mm. broad, funnel-shaped, then plane, interior and exterior dingy yellowish- red changing to brick-red when dry; subgelatinous. Hymenium, hypothecium and exciple pale yellow. Paraphyses slender, hya- line, with globose ends. Spores spherical, smooth, uniseriate, 2-3 mic. in diameter. Common on old logs, ete. Coll. Freda M. Bachman, Nov. 3, 1907, July 4, 1908, Aug. 6, 1908. Orbilia xanthostigma Fr. Sys. Mycol. 146. 1822. Apothecia scattered or caespitose, 1-3 mm. broad, becoming plane, exterior and interior reddish when growing, reddish yel- low when dry, subsessile. Hymenium, hypothecium and ex- ciple hyaline. Paraphyses slender, ends globose. Spores ellip- tic, hyaline, 3-4 mic. long and 1.5 mic. wide. Growing on old logs, ete. Coll. Bruce Fink, June 6, 1908. Freda M. Bachman, July 4, 1908. +Orbilia auricolor (B. & Br.) Sacc. Syl. Fung. 8: 625. 18809. Peziza auricolor B. & Br. Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist. III. 15. No. go. 1865. Apothecia attached to the substratum by numerous white septate hyphae which later become brown. Apothecia scattered or crowded, sessile, becoming plane, interior and exterior yellow- ish or reddish-yellow, 1.5-3 mm. broad. Hymenium and hy- pothecium hyaline, outer cells of the exciple somewhat dark. Paraphyses slender, the ends flattened as a nail. Asci clavate. Spores fusiform or oblong, 4-5 mic. long and 1-1.5 mic. wide. Growing on decaying wood. Coll. G. D. Smith, Freda M. Bachman,.Aug. 5, 1908. Proceedings of the Ohio State Academy of Science 59 Family VI. PATELLARIACEAE. Mycelium wholly within the substratum. Apothecia leath- ery or horny, superficial or at first immersed, dark-colored, usually small. Exciple and hypothecium well-developed. Para- physes more or less adherent near the ends. KEY TO GENERA. a— Spores simple or two-celled. DS ErSPORSSMSTIM LEE sys a chee ee cha Aso eto nolan wetness eos Patinella DEO porecmirve-Celledessr: beatae ty oe chats ce ackee cakac se -tereiraye Karschia a— Spores several celled. HL ISPOLese eso eial Ce 1OMS eva: ee oie ceiee = soba eyes oe ecto ee Durella HO PORESE O- 5 OetItes ON. se hoo Ae hac Geis een eee Patellaria Genus I. KarscuiA Korb. Parerg. Lich. 459. 1865. Type species, Karschia talcophila (Ach.) Korb. Apothecia coriaceous, sessile, superficial or slightly erumpent, disc round, plane, becoming more or less convex, very dark or black, small. Paraphyses thickened near the ends and united into a gelatinous epithecium.