BOSTON PUBLIC LIBRARJ' /?/ MAMMALS IMPORTED INTO THE UNITED STATES IN 1971 ,;cumenLS UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR FISH AND WILDLIFE SERVICE BUREAU OF SPORT FISHERIES AND WILDLIFE Special Scientific Report-Wildlife No. 171 UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR Fish and Wildlife Service Bureau o£ Sport Fisheries and Wildlife MAMMALS IMPORTED INTO THE UNITED STATES IN 1971 By Roger B. Clapp Bird and I^fammal Laboratories Division of Wildlife Research Bureau of Sport Fisheries and Wildlife and John L. Paradiso Office of Endangered Species and International Activities Bureau of Sport Fisheries and Wildlife Special Scientific Report- -Wildlife No. Washington, D.C. • 1973 171 For sale by the Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office Washington, D.C. 20402 • Price 90 cents Stock Number 2410-00375 ABSTRACT Mammals inported into the United States in 1971 are tabulated by species and country o£ origin. Total numbers inported from 1968 through 1971 are given for higher taxa and for species most frequently imported. The numbers of mammals imported in 1971 decreased slightly from those inported in 1970 largely as a result of decreased importation of rabbits from Canada. Lists of rare and endangered species imported and of mammals \A^ose importation is restricted are also given. 11 This report is the fourth in a series listing the numbers and species of mammals inported into the United States . As in the earlier reports (Jones, 1970; Jones and Paradiso, 1972; Paradiso and Fisher, 1972), this report is based on an analysis of import declaration forms (U.S. Department of the Interior, Bureau of Sport Fisheries and Wildlife Form 3-177) filed at ports of entry v^JLere wildlife shipments are presented for customs clearance . The purpose of this report is to list, by species, the number of mammals declared for iirportation into the United States in 1971. Scientists, wildlife managers, conservationists, and others may be interested in this list because: it will indicate pressures exerted on certain populations of wild mammals and point out the need for their conservation; it may reveal species that could become pests if established in the wild; it will help mammalogists determine the source of exotic species found in the wild; it will indicate taxa of mammals that must be identified at ports of entry to prevent importation of prohibited mammals ; it may suggest irrprovements in procedures of recording declara- tions of imported wildlife; and it may indicate the availability of species that are useful in research. Comparison of this list with previous ones and with lists that may be issued in the future may indicate trends or changes in importance of various species in research and in the pet trade . PROCEDURES Procedures were largely as indicated in Clapp and Banks (1973) . A notebook was compiled, from original and xerographic copies of forms, that listed totals by species name, by country, and by number imported. We found, as in that study, that the combinations of common and scientific names used were often of an appallingly low order of accuracy. For example, the great preponderance of raccoons were listed as Ffiocyon lotofi, although the area of origin for most of them suggests to us that almost all were certainly P. dOin(ifvivoh.txi> . Primate names, particularly those of South American species, also were frequently suspect. Peculiar combi- nations of common and scientific names, when taken in conjunction with known geographic ranges of the species , clearly indicated that many South American monkeys are poorly or inadequately identified on the inport forms. This seemed particularly true of the genera CtbuA , Atttu , and SaguA^nuU), except S. ozdipixd. Soini (1972) has indicated, for example, that the principal species of tamarin exported from the Amazonian region of Peru is SaQihinai, lubi>CA.dotUj> , including S. WU-goJii, yet a total of only 293 of 1,472 (201) SaQiiinai, inported from Peru in 1970 and 1971 were reported on declaration forms as HLige.AA. and none were reported as {fOicl- coltU. Some scientific names were also used as a "catchall" for species in a genus or even for species belonging to different families. Coejidoa pfKikznA'itU , for exair^jle, was used for porci^ines fromi Honduras and Nicaragua althougL tlie onl^ species in this genus occurring there is C. mex-ccanuxS. The name was also used for seven porcupines inported from Thailand although the animals were certainly hystricids rather than erethizontids. Frequently species were listed with, only generic names although only one species occurs in th.e stated country of origin. For exaniple, Three-toed Slotfis were listed as Bn.adypvii> sp. when in a number of instances it seems almost certain that they could be safely identified as 8. A.nluJ)C.cvtub(>. As a consequence of our analysis we have in some instances rejected the identifications listed on the import declarations and have preferred to list the animals in question under less specific names. In other instances we have supplied a species identification on the basis of geographic range as well as on a consideration of the general level of taxonomic conpetence (or incompetence) exhibited by a given inporter. Although it is possible that some errors may have been incorporated as a result of our analysis, we feel that, on. the whole, our procedure has resulted in a more accurate appraisal of what animals are actually inported. Nomenclature of mammals used in this report follows the sources listed in the preceding report (Paradiso and Fisher. 1972). Orders and families are arranged in phylogenetic sequence according to Anderson and Jones (1967); names of genera are alphabetized within each family. This report is not intended in any way as a systematic treatment. No scientific or common names or combinations of names used herein are proposed as new names . NUMBER OF MAMMALS DIPORIED, BY ORDER AND FAMILY The following list of the number of inported mammals in the various orders and families will serve in part both as a Table of Contents and Summary of the Systematic List which follows it. Totals for 1968 through 1971 are included and should serve as a summary of the overall magnitude of mammal inportations during these 4 years. TABLE OF CONTENTS AND SUMMARY OF IMPORTATION BY ORDERS AND FAMILIES - 1968-1971 Number Number Number Number Page Group in in in in Famil)^ Family Order Order 1971 1968-1971 1971 1968-1971 7 Monotremata 5 21 7 Tadiyglossidae 5 21 7 Marsupialia 1,645 5,993 7 Didelphidae 1,446 4,440 Dasynridae -- 32 Peramelidae -- 12 7 Phalangeridae 32 1,097 Phascolomidae -- 3 8 Macropodidae 167 409 8 Insectivora 871 2,855 8 Erinaceidae 155 705 9 Tenrecidae 8 10 Solenodontidae — 4 Soricidae — 17 9 Tupaiidae 708 2,119 9 Dermoptera 8 14 9 Cynocephalidae 8 14 9 Chiroptera 322 1,4541/ 9 Pteropidae 10 39 Noctilionidae -- 43 Megadermatidae -- 6 9 Rhino lophidae Phy 1 los tomat idae ^/ 312 l,290i/ Thyropteridae -- A Vesptertilionidae -- 5,, Nfolossidae ~ "* 49i/ -'•This total is low because no number was listed on the inport declarations for some animals imported in 1968. "^This taxon includes the families Mormoopidae and Desmodontidae , \^^cK were listed separately in earlier import listings. No number was listed on the 1968 inport declarations. ■3- Number Number Number Number Page Groi;^) in in in in Family Family" Order Order 1971 1968-1971 1971 1968-1971 10 Primates 79,887 380,841 10 Lemuridae 17 37 Indridae — 11 10 Lorisidae 438 1,242 Tarsiidae — 1 10 Cebidae 43,675 214,137 13 Callitliricidae 5,552 24,659 14 Cercopitliecidae 29,810 139,205 17 tfy'lobatidae 139 539 17 Pongidae CUnidentifiab le 211 965 18 Primates) 45 45 18 Edentata 634 2,537 18 My rme cophag idae 489 1,865 18 Bradypodidae 60 484 19 Dasypodidae 85 188 19 Pholidota 23 62 19 Manidae 23 62 19 Lagomorpha 60 14,008 19 Leporidae 60 14,008 20 Rodentia 1,742 8,211 20 Sciuridae 746 2,127 21 Heteromyidae 20 61 21 Pedetidae 14 42 21 Cricetidae 71 490 21 Muridae 290 1,446 Gliridae -- 10 21 Hystricidae 17 75 22 Erethizontidae 35 155 22 Caviidae 30 1,771 22 Hydrochaeridae 172 650 22 Dinomyidae 1 18 22 Dasyproctidae 327 1,222 23 Chinch n lidae 7 83 Capromyidae — 49 23 +Octodontidae 5 5 23 +Ech±nyidae 7 7 """Indicates a family that did not appear in previoijs listings, -4- Number Number Number Number Page Grpup in in in in Famil)^ Family Order Order 1971 1968-1971 1971 1968-1971 23 Cetacea 17 100 23 +Es diriditiidae 1 1 Balaenopteridae — 3 Monodontidae — 3 24 Platanistidae 4 11 Phocoenidae -- 14 24 Delphinidae 12 28 (Unknown) — 40 24 Camivora 4,156 17,188 24 Canidae 42 135 24 Ursidae 75 295 25 Procyonidae 2,703 10,599 26 Mustelidae 222 1,375 27 Viverridae 159 224 H^aenidae — 8 28 Felidae 955 4,552 30 Pinnepedia 41 122 30 Otariidae 30 36 Odobenidae -- 4 31 Phocidae 11 82 Tubulidentata -- 9 Oiycteropodidae — 9 31 Proboscidea 67 170 31 Elephantidae 67 170 31 P^racoidea 33 78 31 Procaviidae 33 78 Sirenia 6 Tridiechidae — 6 31 Perissodactyla 129 520 31 Equidae 109 259 32 Tapiridae 5 228 32 Rh±nocerotidae 15 33 ■•■Indicates a family that did not appear in previous listings , Number Number Number Number Page Group in in in in Fami 1 y Family Order Order 1971 1968-1971 1971 1968-1971 32 Artiodactyla 201 836 Suidae — 3 Tayassuidae — 2 32 Hippopotamidae 3 10 32 Camelidae 46 106 32 Cervidae 79 165 33 Giraffidae 7 51 Antilocapridae — 3 33 Bovidae 66 496 Unknown 13 977 13 977 89,854 436,002 89,854 436,002 -6- Common Name Spiny Anteater Spiny Anteater New Guinean Spiny Anteater Woolly Opossum Murine Opossum Murine Opossum Mouse Opossum Pigmy C^ossum Brown Four-eyed Opossum Gray Four-eyed Opossum Cuscus Brush-tailed Possum SYSTEMATIC LIST Scientific Name M3N0TREMATA TACHYGLOSSIIAE Tachygto^'iai) acute.atuui> +TackygZo66u6 62X060^ 2aglo6'iCiS bn.ux.jYii MARSUPIAL lA DIDELPHimE CatuJiomy6 deAb-ianuu!) Ucimo6a sp. VhAMmdzK opo6Mm PHALANGERIDAE PhatangeA onyizntoLU TAlcho6uAiii> valpzaata Country of Number Origin Reported New Guinea Australia New Guinea 1 2 2 Costa Rica Honduras Nicaragua Panama 7 19 1 4 3r Colombia 61 Argentina Colombia Nicaragua Peru 2 1,311 12 1 1,326 Honduras 10 Nicaragua 18 Br. Solomon Is 4 New Zealand 28 The proper scientific name appears opposite the first common name. Indented below the proper scientific name are synonyms and other combinations used in conjunction with one or more of the common names listed. All numerical entries refer to the first combination of common and scientific names listed. """Indicates a species or family that did not appear in previous listings . 528-538 0-74-2 Common Name Doria's Tree Kangaroo Goodfellow's Tree Kangaroo Tree Kangaroo Scrub Wallaby Dama Wallaby- Wallaroo Red-necked Wallaby Bennett's Wallaby Red Kangaroo Kangaroo Rock Wallaby Rock Wallaby Wallaby Long-nosed Rat -Kangaroo Scientific Name M/VCROPODIDAE '^VandhjolaquA dofiiayiuA Vm.dAoi.agLi& good^elZom, Ve^ndfLolaguA sp. MacAopuy& uiQQjiLi (fJallatiLa zugenLL MacAopu^ MobuAtui, Country of Number Origin Reported Senegambian Hedgehog INSECTIVORA ERINACEIDAE E/unaazxi6. oZbLv zyvtn£i> New Guinea 2 New Guinea 9 New Guinea 6 New Zealand 81 Australia MacAopin, fWiiognJj>(uxA ifJcittabla >tvilogfili,Qjx Australia Indonesia New Zealand 2 13 6 21 Australia Unknown 1 1 2 Australia New Zealand 3 3 VoXfiogaZd. pojilcAJilata. PztAogalt sp. Australia Singapore New Zealand 15 2 10 27 Canada New Zealand 1 6 7 Poto^oui> tAA,dactiflLii> Australia 4 Dahomey 17 ■•"Indicates a species or family that did not appear in previous listings . -8- Common Name European Hedgehog Scientific Name E/UnaceMA OMAopaua, Country o£ Number Origin Reported France 12 Pakistan 30 West Germany 10 ^ Long-eared Desert Hedgehog HomiexiiiLyiuA avJiLtixi> Pakistan 50 Long-eared Desert Hedgehog Hejnhi2.ciu.nuA mo^atotAA Paki Stan 9 Ethiopian Hedgehog PoJia^chinuA aeJikiop'LcuA ¥est Germany- 17 Algerian Hedgegog West Germany 10 TENRECIDAE Streaked Tenrec +Hm-LcQjitQ;teA sp. TUPAIIDAE Madagascar 8 Coimiion Tree Shrew TupcuLa qtlA Thailand 627 Tree Shrew TiipoAjx sp. DERMDPTERA CYNOCFPHALIDAE Thailand 81 Gliding Lemur CynoczphaJLuA vaAA^gatuA CHIROPTERA PTERDPODIDAE Thailand 8 Indian Flying Fox PteA-OpuA gi-QCuatojuA Thailand 5 Gray-headed Fruit Bat +PteJiopa& polio atpkaZuA PHYLLOSTOMATIDAE Australia 5 Short -tailed Fruit Bat CoAolLia peAApi-CAJHata Trinidad 40 Vanpire Bat VeAmoduA A.otanduA I^xico 272 ■^Indicates a species or family that did not appear in previous listings, -9- Coimion Name Ring-tailed Lemur Mongoose Lemur Ruffed Lemur Lesser Mouse Lemur Angwantibo Allen's Galago Demidoff's Galago Senegal Galago Bushbaby Night y'^e Slender Loris Slow Loris Potto Bosman's Potto Black Howler Moakey Scientific Name PRIMATES LEMURIDAE LanuA catta L2ynuA mongoz L&nuJL va/vizgatu£ hilcJiocoJouA muAlyiuA LORISIDAE +A/Lctoc(ibuy5> catcibciAai&Aj, +GaJtago olZznL Gatago d^jnidovLL Galago i,2nQ,galQMAAJi LofuJ> toAdLgfuiduA NycXlc^bii!, coacang pQAodic^ticuiA potto CEBIDAE +Alouatta coAatfa Country of Number Origin Reported Canada France France 1 3 Madagascar 2 Switzerland 1 3 Madagascar 2 Cameroon 1 Cameroon 1 Cameroon 1 Dahomey 150 151 Botswana 108 Kenya 53 161 West Germany 2 Singapore Thailand 13 59 72 Dahomey- Liberia 48 2 50- Paraguay 18 ■•"Indicates a species or family that did not appear in previous listings, -10- Common Name Red Howler MDnkey Mantled Howler Monkey Douroucouli Owl Monkey Night MDnkey Long-haired Spider Monkey Brown-headed Spider Monkey Black -handed Spider Monkey Black Spider Monkey Spider MDnkey Dusky Titi Monkey Red Titi Monkey Titi Monkey Scientific Name Atouatta sznlcatu& AZoaatta vUXo&a. Atoiiatta. palLuita Aotus tnlvAJiQcutuA AtdieA beZzdoLutk AtdiiM panL&caS Atele^ sp. CaZtictbai) mo loch CaJLticehu^ cjmpfituA CalticdJuA sp. Country o£ Origin Number Reported Colombia Peru 10 1 11 Coloiiibia Honduras Nicaragua 12 2 33 47 Colombia Panama Paraguay Peru 3,069 4 1 654 3,728 Colombia Peru 14 27 41 Colombia 129 Colombia Costa Rica Honduras Nicaragua Panama Peru 612 6 10 870 2 117 1,617 Peru 82 Colombia Peru 15 5 20 Colombia Paraguay Peru 9 1 30 40 Colombia Peru 82 52 134 ■11- Common Name White -fronted Capuchin Cinnamon Ringtail Ringtail Monkey Black-capped Capuchin Tufted Capuchin White -throated Capuchin White -faced Ringtail White-faced Sapajou Weeper Capuchin Capuchin Woolly Monkey Monk Saki Country of Number Scientific Name Origin Reported CiibuA alEu-{iAonA Brazil 37 Ceha6 azquLCutohlaJUA Colombia 1,343 Ecuador 4 Guyana 27 Paraguay 69 Peru 741 2,221 Cd)u6 apzZla Colombia 131 Cohih^ pcUuxguaifanuA Guyana 4 Paraguay 497 Peru 1,404 2,036 Ce6Lc6 capuclnuA Brazil 3 Colombia 928 Costa Rica 1 Ecuador 28 Guyana 10 Honduras 20 Nicaragua 142 Panama 1 1,133 Cefaoi YiiQhl.V'UttatuA) Colombia 22 Paraguay 10 Peru 1 3T C2hu6 sp. Paraguay 196 LaQOtkHA-x i.agotkfu.cha Brazil 2 Lagotknlx cayui Colombia 442 Ecuador 1 Peru 1,781 2,226 VAjthojCyia. moYidchuJi Colombia 15 Guyana 5 Peru 63 83 Pale -headed Saki PaMizcajx pithzcia Guyana ■12- Common Name Squirrel Monkey Squirrel Monkey White- fronted Marmoset Common Marmoset Black-eared Marmoset Plgiry Marmoset Geoffroy's Tamarln Red-mantled Tamarln Moustached Tamarln White-lipped Tamarln Cotton-top Marmoset Scientific Name +SaJimJu. OiiutddLL ScumJu, ACMxtUiA CALLITHRICIDAE CattctknZx Qe,oilH.oy-i CalLithAAX jacckuA CcUituthfux pznlcyitlcita Cehu.dUia pifgrnana SagiuMVii> gzo{j{injOifi. Sagulnai) AJLtigoJiL SaguAJiuA my&tax SagulnuA YiLghLcotLlA SaguAnuuii otdLpuJi OdjdiponiidcUi ozdipui Country of Origin Number Reported Nicaragua 2 Brazil Colombia Guyana Peru 253 6,276 424 22,924 29,877 Brazil 24 Brazil 3 Brazil 26 Colombia Peru 127 39 166 Panama 12 Peru 293 Colombia Peru 735V 128 863 Colombia Guyana Peru 98?!/ 8 797 1,787 Brazil Colombia Peru 300l/ 1,999 75 2,374 ■•■Indicates a species or family that did not appear in previous listings. •^Possibly these animals were mlsidentified or transhipped from other countries as this species is not native to the country of origin listed. ^Possibly these animals were mlsidentified. -13- Common Name Negro Marmoset Marmoset Sooty Mangabey Grivet Monkey African Green Monkey Redtail Monkey Diana Monkey Mona Monkey Mona Guenon Scientific Name SagiujiuA tcmoJiln De Brazza's Monkey Spot -nosed Monkey Putty -nosed Monkey White -nosed Monkey Spot -nosed Guenon Allen's Swairp Monkey Lesser Spot -nosed Monkey Vervet Monkey African Green Monkey CERCOPITHECIME CiAcocdms cutifi CeAcop-cthzcaS aztklop^ CeAcop-LthzcuA oAcayuMA CeAcopZtkzciii) dlana CeAcop-iXkzauA mona CeAcop-ttkjicuA mgtiictui> CeJLcop-iMnicu& ntctCtayis C2AcopltbjucuA YiigfiovixidUy +C&Aciop-U:lie.cLi& pztavJuAta CeAc.op-U:k(icu6 pt/geAi^thAui Country of Origin 1 Number fleported Honduras 1 Peru 3 Ghana Liberia 3 1 T Ethiopia Somalia 1,131 1,080 2,211 Kenya 6 Ghana Liberia Sierra Leone 1 4 32 37" Dahomey England Ghana Liberia Sierra Leone 8 1 5 1 6 21 Kenya 3 Ghana Liberia Nigeria Sierra Leone 13 3 1 8 25 England 3 Ghana 2 Botswana Kenya Tanzania 1 275 330 6061/ Indicates a species or family that did not appear in previous listings . %ost of these animals were listed on the import declarations as C. aeXhiop^, but we have included them as these species on the basis of the ranges given by Dandelot (1959) Common Name Green Monkey Monkey Colobus Monkey Colobus Monkey Pat as Monkey Stump -tailed Macaque Formosan Rock Macaque Crab -eating Macaque Cynomolgus Monkey Java Macaque Longtail Macaque Celebes Macaque Rhesus Macaque Rhesus Monkey Scientific Name +CeAcop^ke.ca6 sabamiA CzAcopZthzciH sp. Colobus gueJi^za Cotob.uA sp. Eh.ifthAoazbu6 patcu, Macaco. afictoLdoJ, Uacaca ■spe.closa Uacaca ctfclopZs Macjica {,a& ciculanAJ: Macaca xAoA Macaca mauJia Macaca mulatta Country o£ Origin Number Reported Ghana Sierra Leone 3 Ethiopia 15 Kenya 7 Kenya 6 Ghana Nigeria Sudan 13 90 2 105 Laos Malaysia Singapore Thailand 6 127 5 1,069 1,207 Taiwan 20 Indonesia Laos Malaysia Philippines Singapore Thailand 50 1 984 430 7 255 Singapore 177Z7 England 6 India 21,376 Laos 6 Pakistan 190 S. Vietnam 1 Thailand 518 22,097 "^Indicates a species or famly that did not appear in previous listings . ^Most of these animals were listed on the iorport declarations as C. aeXhlop^ , but we have included them as these species on the basis of the ranges given by Dandelot C1959) . -15- S2a-538 O - 74 - 3 Common Name Scientific Name Country of Origin Number Reported Pig -tailed Macaque l^^acjicia vKmoAVhina. Indonesia Laos Malaysia Singapore Thailand 30 6 147 2 251 436 Celebes Black Ape Cifnop/jtktcuA nlgeA Singapore 5 Bonnet Monkey Macaca tadiata. India 28 Lion-tailed Macaque Hacaca 6-ll.eiitui> India 2 Barbary Ape HacacR ^ytvana Morocco 5 Swart Macaque Swart Monkey Swart z Macaaa sp. M. 6-iyu.ca M. i^ptcJjO^a. M. Cifnomolgtu, Thailand 34 Proboscis Monkey U(UaJUA loJLVCLtai Indonesia 2 Olive Baboon ?ap-LO CLnabAJ) P. a. dOQLLQjlJX Ethiopia Ghana Kenya Senegal Tanzania Unknown 22 2 530 50 131 16 751 Yellow Baboon Pap-to cifnoctphatiui Kenya Tanzania 231 29 260 Hamadryas Baboon Fap-to kamadAycii Ethiopia Netherlands 20 2 12 Guinea Baboon Vaplo paplo Senegal 32 Baboon PapZo sp. Kenya 27 Silvered Leaf Monkey VK^Abyta, a/uj>tatvu> Singapore Thailand 1 34 35 -16- Cojiuuon Name Scientific Name Country of Origin Number Reported Hanuman Langur VfiQAbqtAA ejitelZuA Indonesia TPiailand 1 19 20" Banded Leaf Monkey VfizAbqtis meI,a£opko6 Malaysia 2 Dusky Langur Spectacled Langur ?fizi>bijtu ob^cu/iai, Malaysia Thailand 1 9 10 Douc Langur PifgathJilx naxnaejn Thailand 5 Gelada Baboon ThoAop'itke.aai Qdlxida. Ethiopia 20 Dark -handed Gibbon Black Gibbon White -cheeked Gibbon White-handed Gibbon Siamang Gibbon Gibbon Chiiipanzee Gorilla HYLOBATIDAE Hiflobat2^ oqUUa Laos 29 HiflobaJ:eA concolon. Laos 32 Singapore 2 3T HiflobciteA loJi Laos 14 Singapore 13 27 Wijtobatiii^ iifndacttfluf, Sifmpkalangai, itfndactifZuA Singapore Thailand 42 1 4T Hylobatu sp. Laos 6 PONGIDAE Ckimpayiitt tA.oglodytu Pan t^oglodyteA AntkAo p-iths-CuA, tA-oglodytoA Ghana Ivory Coast Liberia Sierra Leone Unknown 4 10 87 103 1 205 GofuJULa go/Utta Congo 1 G. g. gonJJJia. Israel 1 West Germany 3 5 ■17- Common Name Orang-utan Scientific Name Country o£ Number Origin Reported Silky Anteater Giant Anteater Greater Anteater Tamandua Lesser Anteater Three -toed Sloth Two-toed Sloth Two -toed Sloth Hoffmann's Sloth Fongo pygmaz-ui Netherlands 1 QJnidentifiable Primates)-/ Colombia 1 Kenya Laos 2 1 Thailand 41 45 EDENTATA MYRMECOPHAGIDAE Cijclopej, didactifluJ, Costa Rica Panama 1 3 Trinidad 1 5 UiffmQ.copha.ga Vtldactyta Uynmzcopkaga jabata Colombia Guyana Peru 63 2 10 75" Tamandua teJ^iadactyla Colombia Honduras 386 2 Peru 21 BRADYPODIDAE +En.adypuii> in^jOS catuA Ckototpai, didactyZuA ChoZoqpuA kollmaYinA, Indicates a species or family that did not appear in previous listings , ^These include all primates whose names on the import forms were so inadequate C^-g. "monkey" with no scientific name listed) that we could not assign them to any family) . jm Colombia Nicaragua Peru 22 3 3 28" Colombia Peru 13 2 Colombia Nicaragua Panama Peru 4 5 5 3 ■18- Common Name Scientific Name Country o£ Number Origin Reported DASYPODIDAE Naked- tailed Armadillo +Caba66ouA c^ntfiRtU. Honduras 12 Hairy Armadillo ChaztophJui(i;tLi6 v-Wio6iL& Paraguay 45 Nine-banded Armadillo Vai[jpu6 novzmcinctvbS Brit. Honduras Mexico Trinidad 5 1 7 13 Seven-banded Armadi 1 lo +Pa6t/pa6 6zpt2JfncZn(itu& Argentina 2 Three -banded Armadillo Tolype.utU matacixA Argentina 8 A — J-^ T T -» Guyana Paraguay Peru 2 Armadillo 2 1 5 PHOLIDOTA MANIDAE Malayan Pangolin Mon^ci javayu-ca Thailand 13 Chdnese Pangolin ManU pzyvtadaatyta Thailand 1 African Tree Pangolin Monti t-fiicLii>p-li> Cameroon 1 Pangolin MayvU, sp. LAGOMDRPHA LEPORIDAE Thailand 8 Snowshoe Hare L&pui amzAA-CjOLnai Canada 60 "•■Indicates a species or family that did not appear in previous listings -19- Common Name Black Flying Squirrel Finlayson's Squirrel Prevost's Squirrel Beautiful Squirrel Yellow-bellied Marmot Berdmore's Squirrel Common Giant Flying Squirrel Dwarf Flying Squirrel Malayan Giant Squirrel Indian Giant Squirrel Tropical Red Squirrel Variegated Squirrel Silver Squirrel Squirrel Squirrel Flying Squirrel Scientific Name RODENTIA SCrURIDAE *k2Aomij^ sp. CalZoiCA-UAiii pA.tvoitl Cotton cIlvuu sp. '^MoAmota {,lav^ve.yitJuJ, "•"Menetei beA.dynon.eA. '^'Pttau/vLita petauJuJita. VeJu^nomyi, AetoAuA. PeJU.no my 6 pklp&onA, '^Rata^a blcolon. Ratu-la ■IndLca SaluJujA Qfm.Yiate.YiA-U> ScluAa6 vaAyiejQoutoLdeA Country of Number Origin Reported SciuALuf) sp, Thailand 6 Thailand 8 Thailand 4 Thailand 136 Canada 4 Thailand 1 Thailand 1 Thailand 30 Thailand 2 Thailand 1 Colombia Honduras Nicaragua 234 2 10 246 Honduras Nicaragua 9 73 Colombia Honduras 25 12 37 Thailand 86 Thailand 102 Indicates a species or family that did not appear in previous listings, -20- Common Name Scientific Name HETEROMYIDAE Country of Origin Number Reported Kangaroo Rat Vlpodomu[i> sp. Mexico 1 Spiny Pocket Mouse +PeAogncLthLi& &pLnoutLil> Mexico 12 Pocket Mouse FeAognaXhas sp. PEDETIDAE Mexico 7 African Junping Hare Spring Hare Pe,dtteJ> capuiA-Ui CRICETIDAE Botswana Tanzania 8 6 TT Gerbil +U(iAix}nu sp. Israel 30 Wood Rat Nzotoma sp. JNfexico 1 Angel Island Mouse +?eAom(f6cu& guoAdla P. g. gunjidta P. g. -inteApoAieXciiyU Mexico 22 Deer Mouse ?eJtomif6ca6 sp. Costa Rica 4 Mexico 5 9 Brown Mouse +Scotmomij& sp. Costa Rica 5 Climbing Rat +Tylomyi> sp. MURIDAE Panama 4 Pacific Rat Rattu6 dxuZani, HYSTRICIDAE Hawaii 290 Brush-tailed Porctpine Ath.tn.uAuA macAouAuA TFiailand 1 Malayan Porci^jine Hif6tAlx bnjxckLfuAum Thailand 4 African Porci^ine Hy&tfux galsjita Kenya 1 """Indicates a species or family that did not appear in previous listings , ■21- Common Name Porci4)ine Scientific Name Country of Number Origin Reported Malaysia Thailand ERETHIZONTIDAE "^Indicates a species or family that did not appear in previous listings 4 7 11 Prehensile -tailed Porcupine +Coe.ndoa blcolon. Peru 10 Prehensile-tailed Porcupine ■i-Cotndou. imxA-canai Honduras Nicaragua 5 9 14 Prehensile -tailed Porcupine Cozndou sp. CAVITDAE Colombia 11 Guinea Pig Cav-ca pon.a&Ltii6 Canada 20 Guinea Pig CavAM. sp. HYDROCHAERTDAE Peru 10 Capybara HydftockaojiLi, hydJiocka2AAj, Hyd/LOchaznAjs capybaAa DINOMYIDAE Brazil Colombia Guyana Peru 5 137 1 29 172 Pacarana Vi-nomyi, bfiayhlokLl DASYPROCTIDAE Peru 1 Paca Agouti paca CuniauZuA paca Colombia Guyana Honduras 10 1 3 Nicaragua Peru 14 29 57 ■22- Common Name Agouti Agouti Agouti Agouti Acushi Viscacha Viscacha Brush- tailed Rat Armored Rat Country of Number Scientific Name Origin Reported Va&ijp^octa agati Guyana Panama 1 4 Peru 23 28 VciSifpn.octa luJUjQLm&a. Brazil Colombia 5 22 Guyana Peru 2 115 144 Voat/p^octa punctata Honduras Nicaragua 16 23 39 ViUijptodta sp. Colombia Peru 4 32 3F HLfopn-octa sp. Peru 23 CHINCHILLIDAE Lagoi,tomuJi/ Lagldlum sp. Argentina 4 + Lag-idiom poAuanim Bolivia 3 ■^OCTODONTIDAE +OcJ'xidov]±cmuA qFaJloJApa Bolivia 5 Gray Whale "^ECHIMIDAE +Hopotomy6 gymnuJuii> CETACEA +ESCHRICHriimE +Ei) dtnA-chtAjMi) g-ibbo^LH Panama Mexico "^Indicates a species or family that did not appear in prevloios listings, ■23- 528-538 O - 74 - 4 Common Name Scientific Name PLATANISTIDAE Country of Origin Number Reported Amazon Dolphin DELPHINIDAE Brazil Peru 1 3 4 Killer IVhale O/icinui ofica. Canada 1 Gill's Bottle-nosed Dolphin TixU'iop-!) g-LlLi CARNIVORA CANIDAE Mexico 11 Domestic Dog Cayuj> {^cunltiaJiAA Ghana 1 Coyote Canu latnjini> Canada 5 Gray Wolf CayuJ, £,upa6 Canada 5 Savannah Fox Cexdocyon thoin, Colombia 4 Maned Wolf Chxy^OdijOYi bAachifuJiuA Denmark West Germany 2 1 3 Fennec Fennecoi zeAda Italy Libya Netherlands 2 1 15 18 African Hunting Dog Lifcaon plcX.uA SW. Africa 3 Aardwolf P^otzloA cAAAtataS SW. Africa 1 Bush Dog Spzotho6 venaticuA URSIDAE Guyana 2 Malayan Sun Bear HeZcuicjto-i, malayanuA Laos Singapore Thailand 1 3 25 29" -24- Common Name Sloth Bear Asiatic Black Bear Himalayan Black Bear Bear American Black Bear Brown Bear Polar Bear Scientific Name Sditnoifictoi, tkiboJianu^ UhAtxii thibeXantLi Mel-uM Li6 /SdiinoActoi, UUiU) cmeAlaanui) Country o£ Origin Number Reported India 5 India Thailand 14 13 27 India 2 Canada 5 U.S.S.R. 2 Canada Unknown 3 2 Lesser Panda Cacomistle Coati PROCYONIDAE MZuJiuA {)uZg QM^ hlaiiMi noAua MaAua najhica India 17 Brit. Honduras 1 Honduras 2 3 Colombia 99 Ecuador 3 Guyana Honduras 5 176 Mexico 1 Nicaragua Panama 101 9 Paraguay Peru 73 661 Unknoim 1 Little Coati MoAaelZa oLivacza Guyana 1,129 '''Indicates a species or family tha,. did not appear in previoias listings , ■25- Common Name Scientific Name Country o£ Origin Number Reported Kinkaj ou Honeybear Mi CO Leon Votoi ila.vuJ> Colombia Ecuador Guatemala Guyana Honduras Mexico Nicaragua Peru 203 84 1 5 20 4 23 216 556 Crab -eating Raccoon ffwcyoYi aancAlvoA.LU> PAocyon lotoh. Colombia Guyana Honduras Nicaragua 950|/ 1^/ 2 8 961 Raccoon P/Locyon lotofi MUSTELIDAE Honduras Nicaragua 10 24 34 Oriental Small - Otter -clawed AmbZonyx cln2Aza Malaysia Thailand 10 69 79 Tayra E-in.a bohhoAa. Colombia Honduras Peru 32 2 16 50 Grison GatlatU vUXata. Colombia Ecuador Honduras Paraguay Peru 34 3 3 2 1 43 Grison GaZlctli, sp. Paraguay 2 Wolverine Gulo gulo Canada 1 Southern River Otter LatAa annzcttn6 Colombia 5 "Most of these animals (929) were reported, probably erroneously ^ as Vnocyon lotoA. on the inport declarations. -26- Common Name Scientific Name Country of Origin Number Reported Old World River Otter LiMt^m. luJyia Thailand 8 Spotted-necked Otter + LatAa macuLccotta> Uganda 1 Otter Latha sp. Peru Thailand 2 26 18- Hooded Skunk +Me,pfutZs macfioujm. Honduras 1 Ermine HuAteJia eAmCnza Canada 3 Giant Otter VIYERRFDAE Colombia 1 Binturong knjitioJJji b-tntuAong Thailand 2 Ring -tailed Mongoose +Gatidia ele^avn Madagascar 2 Genet GmzJXa sp. Liberia 1 Dwarf Mongoose HeJioQaZo. poAvuZa Kenya 1 Banded Palm Civet Hernia a£a6 doJibyanuA Thailand 1 Mongoose +HeAp(2AtQJi auAopunctcitai Virgin Islands 26 Masked Palm Civet VcLQuma toAvata Thailand 6 Common Palm Civet FoAadoxuAuA keJimaph-fiodiZuA Indonesia Thailand 2 78 80" Banded Linsang VfiLoyiodoyi tiniang Thailand 3 Lesser Oriental Civet [/J^vzHAA^cuLa -indJ^aa Indonesia Thailand 1 36 37 ■""Indicates a species or family that did not appear in previous listings , -27- Common Name Cheetah Country o£ Number Golden Cat Leopard Cat Domestic Cat Jungle Cat Puma Cougar Mountain Lion Geoffroy's Cat Marbled Cat Ocelot Scientific Name Origin Repc irted FELIDAE kcA.Yionyx juhataii Somalia SW. Africa Tanzania West Germany 7 5 1 2 15 +FztLi> auAota Liberia 2 ¥eZa> b^ngaltyi&AJ, Indonesia Japan Laos Singapore Thailand Unknown 1 2 1 1 190 9 204 TqUj> catLH, Taiwan Thailand 2 1 3 ToJiUi chaai Thailand 5 ToUJi concotofi Argentina Brit. Honduras Canada Colombia Paraguay Peru Virgin Islands 6 1 1 13 16 2 1 40 Vzta> Qto{iifiOLjl Paraguay 13 TeJUj, manmofijoutoi Malaysia 1 ¥ztU paAdaLu Brazil Bolivia Colombia Costa Rica Ecuador Guatemala 7 2 147 2 14 1 """Indicates a species or family that did not appear in previous listings , -28- Common Name Scientific Name Country of Origin Number Reported Ocelot (cont'd) Fetci poAdatii, Guyana Honduras Mexico Nicaragua Panama Paraguay Peru 3 12 1 24 1 13 132 359 Flat -headed Cat VtLU, planlaup^ Malaysia Singapore 2 1 3 Serval FeXu -ieAvcLl Kenya 1 Temminck's Golden Cat VdLU ttmrnlnckl Thailand 4 Margay TdUA MlzdU. Brazil Colombia Ecuador Guyana Mexico Nicaragua Panama Paraguay Peru 3 5 4 2 1 12 1 24 13 65 Jaguarundi TeUj, yagouoAoundl HoJipciitaALLi) yagoi ucuioandl Colombia Ecuador Honduras Nicaragua Paraguay Peru 159 3 6 1 2 10 181 Cat TuLU, sp. Bolivia Brit. Honduras 1 1 India 1 Thailand 2 5 Lion I to Ito England Jamaica Kenya Unknown 1 3 12 1 17 -29- Common Name Jaguar Scientific Name Leopard Tiger Canada Lynx Caracal Clouded Leopard Snow Leopard African Fur Seal California Sea Lion Lynx aanad^nil^ Lynx caAacal. Country of Number Origin Reported Lzo onca Brit. Honduras 2 VeUji onca Canada 2 VanZhoAa, onca Colombia 3 Honduras 1 Nicaragua 3 Panama 1 Peru 2 14 Lzo poAdui: Canada 1 L. p. j'apomn/S-lA Denmark 4 Laos 3 Netherlands 1 Thailand 1 10 Lno tlgftli Canada 1 PantheAa tignxjs Malaysia 1 2 Canada Somalia Nzo(,ztt6 ntbaloia Denmark Malaysia 1 1 2 Uncla uncia Denmark Netherlands U.S.S.R. 2 1 2 5 PINNIPEDIA PHOCIDAE OTARTIDAE +Afictoc&phala6 puA-Lttm S. Africa 10 lalophtu, caLLf^oKyvianuM Mexico 20 Indicates a species or family that did not appear in previous listings, ■30- Common Name Elepliant Seal Baikal Seal Indian Elephant African Elephant Tree Pfyrax Scientific Name Countiy of Origin Number Reported PHOCimE HiAoanga angLU>tiA0AtAAJ> Mexico 6 Pu&a ^aJoaJlLco. West Germany 5 PROBOSCIDEA ELEPHANT IME EZzphoA moiximuA Cambodia Thailand 1 40 41 Loxodonta alfhicjxvia. Kenya Rhodesia 19 7 2F HYRACOIDEA PROCAVTIDAE VeyidJwktjhRx doK^aLii> Dahomey Rock Hyrax HeXeJLoki/nax ^iffiiaau^ Canada Ethiopia 3 12 Is Rock Hyrax PERISSODACTYLA EQUIDAE Kenya SW. Africa 4 12 16 Burchell's Zebra Grant's Zebra Equu/S buJtckeXLi Kenya SW. Africa Unknown 41 31 2 74 Grevy's Zebra Equu^ gAeuffc Kenya 17 Mountain Zebra Eqaa& zehfrn. SW. Africa 18 Hartmann ' s Zeb ra -31- Common Name Scientific Name TAPIRIDAE Country of Origin Number Reported Asian Tapir Malayan Tapir TapyiJiuA i.ndlc,uJ> Denmark Laos 1 2 3 Brazilian Tapir White Rhinoceros Black Rhinoceros TouplHuJi toAAUtfuA RHINOCEROTIDAE CQjmX.otk(Vvium ^Ajnum ARTIODACIYLA HIPPOPOTAMIDAE Peru S. Africa West Germany Kenya 12 14 Pigmy Hippopotamus ChoM.op6AJ, LLbeAizyti-Li CAMELIDAE Denmark Liberia 1 2 3 Dromedary Camel CameZuA dAornddaAluA Australia 42 Guanaco Lama guanaco Canada 3 Alpaca Lama paco-6 CERVIDAE Canada 1 Red Deer Ce^uoA oXapku^ West Germany 3 Eld Deer CeJtvui oJidi West Germany 1 Sika Deer Formosan Sika Deer Ce/iVLii nlppon C. n. taloaanui, Canada West Germany 3 3 6 Pere David's Deer EtaphuA,uJi davldiavmii Canada 2 Red Brocket Uazama amtnlaana Mexico 7 Mule Deer Odoao^doi k2.mlontMi Canada 16 •32- Common Name White -tailed Deer Reindeer Giraffe Impala Red Hartebeest Springbuck Gaur Ibex Blesbok Roan Antelope Sable Antelope Common Waterbuck Red Goral-^ Domestic Sheep Dall's Sheep Scientific Name OdocO'il.duA vLfiQAjnAJiYmA R(mQL{^QJi tojiandu^ GIRAFFIDAE GLnjx{^{^cL ccmeJiopaAdalAJi BOVID^E Country of Number Origin Reported Canada 35 Guatemala 4 39 Canada Australia SW. Africa 6 7 Aept/ceAO-4 moZampoA A. m. mdZampLU) SW. Africa Unknown 1 4 5 Alc&laphitA ba!>e£aphuA Mcdiapha& caama SW. Africa 3 +AntldoMC(U moJiSLip-LaLu SW. Africa 3 +Bo6 gauAuA ¥est Germany 3 Capfta. -ibex West Germany 3 +VamaL(J>cuA alb-i{,fioyii, West Germany 1 HlppOtAdQUA eXliUMUA SW. Africa 14 HlppotAaQuA nig2A SW. Africa West Germany 4 3 7 KoboA eIlA,p6'ipH.Lfmniii> Unknown 1 +Maejfnohke,duA> goh.at West Germany 1 OviA (Wleji Canada 3 Ovl& dalLi Unknown 2 "^Indicates a species or family that did not appear in previous listings. ^This common name would apply better to W. cAanbA.ookZ than the species listed. -33- Common Name Reedbuck Eland Nyala Bushbuck Greater Kudu Count ly o£ Number Scientific Name Origin Repc )rted +R(idunc.a ^eAunca Unfcnovm 2 TauAot^agvuS ofiyx SW. Africa 5 Tnage£apka6 anga&i. Unknovm 2 Tfm.Qdia.phnA scAA-ptus Unknown 2 TfiagelaphuA 6tA.qo6.lceA.o6 SW. Africa ¥est Germany Unknown 6 1 2 9 Colombia 2 Guyana m. Africa 1 10 13 UNKNOWN RESULTS AND DISCUSSION Yearly Conparisons and Summaries Numbers of jnammals declared for inportation into the United States declined from 93,653 in 1970 to 89,854 in 1971, a decrease of 3,799 individuals representing 4.06%. This change is not very significant, however, as all of this decrease can be more than accounted for by the decreased importation of hares dLzpai) from Canada. As in previous years, primates constituted a large majority of all animals inported accounting for 79,887 individuals or 88.91% of the total. This figure is similar to those obtained in previous years. Other major groips were also largely inported in much the same proportions as in preceding years (see below) although the number of lagomorphs reported seems to be quite variable from year to year. Groip) Percent of Total Imports 1968 1969 1970 1971 Primates 87.80 88.61 83.69 88.91 Camivora 2.75 3.75 5.19 4.63 Rodentia 2.10 1.90 1.52 1.94 Marsupialia .95 1.73 1.06 1.83 Insectivora .54 .62 .56 .97 Edentata .47 .62 .58 .71 Chiroptera .20 .35 .36 .34 Subtotal 94.81 97.58 92.96 99.33 Lagomorpha 4.52 1.63 6.49 .07 All others .67 .79 .55 .60 ■^Indicates a species or family that did not appear in previous listings -34- In 1971 a smaller diversity of major taxa was recorded from the declarations than in any previous year. This may have been caused in part by our method of analysis but also may be a function of decreased total inportation. Below is a conparison of the number of each of these taxal groi^js inported from 1968 through 1971. Numbers may vary somewhat from those presented in previous reports since some taxa listed as distinct in previous reports are considered synonymous here. Mammals Years Orders Fami 1 i es Genera Species Imported 1968 17 62 190 288 129,520 1969 19 67 202 299 122,975 1970 18 62 192 296 93,653 1971 17 57 173 275 89,854 Total Taxa For All Years 19 82 308 526 436,002 In 1971, 3 families, 20 genera, and 44 species were listed that did not appear in the earlier lists. From 1968 through 1971, approximately 67% of the families, 31% of the genera, and 13% of the species of mammals of the world were inported into the United States . Table 1 lists the mammalian families most commonly ijnported in 1971 and compares the contribution of these families to the total number of individuals imported during the four year period covered by the reports. In general, there has been considerable consistency from year to year with only the Viverridae showing a very marked change in 1971 from the ordinal rankings of previous years. Among the most frequently inported families only the Leporidae C4th, 5th, and 3rd in ordinal rank in 1968, 1969, and 1970, respectively) showed a marked decrease in ordinal rank in 1971. At the specific level (Table 2), Squirrel Monkeys (ScUnuJil icZuAziH) and Rhesus Macaques (Maaaca mulcutta) continued to account for more than one out of every two mammals imported. The thirteen most abundantly imported species, all primates and all but four of New World origin, accounted for more than four of five (83%) mammals imported. The marked increase in the numbers of Crab -eating Raccoons (Pwayon cancJviv 0^116) imported is probably more apparent than real since many of the raccoons listed as P/iocyon loton. in previous reports were probably this species. Many of the other major dianges involving the ranking of the thirty most frequently imported species (e.g., Ceboi apelZa, Sagulnai spp.) probably also reflect nomenclatural difficulties encountered with the import declarations. Other changes (e.g., for Rattiu zxiilans, VumoduA notimdnii>) are likely a true indication of year to year fluctuations in numbers imported. •35- -p 03 c ■P o o U H Si CI) m CU o 13 [-~ C3rMt-^a)Lorsi(Njc)\oi-ni-oocri'=d-i-ocTi t-0OL0CT)^l-nrslrH\C>'^tNlCTl'*l~--v01-0CDrslC)t^ 1— i(Ni\£)i-n'*LOrHrHoor'^cNit--i-r) Tj-O^'^O'^^OgO^Ji— li— li— IrHi— It— I I— I to OJ rH Csl ^ KiLor-^ot— iooo~ico\ocoK^ r~-r s •H •H fn g --H 13 -P o3 (D -l-0-^K)K)t~OCNlC-r-ii-r)CD^LO'*ooot^r^ 03 (D 13 03 •H 13 U -H 0) (D U crt 13 ■H ^.H13 O -H U r-l (U 03 o ft rt >^rH 13 U Q -rH O 13 t-H fH -H (U 0) 13 (_) u u a, Q Ph 0) o3 03 13 (U 13 O -H -3 (D •H 03 CD (U •H eg -p GO 13 Cti 03 -H e (U fH l3 0) eg etf CD •j-l o3 l3 13 OS l3 13 -H -H Q) X O o3 o3 Ph 03 U +-> 13 1j O 13 O tfl 0) -H ^ <^ s: o -H (u -p •H O -H ?H O 03 rH 13 U ft H U eS •H m tfl ftrH 13 (U 03 S -H XrH "H -P •H O O fi 03 ^ br ^ t5 ^S 5 P ^ O TO ^ b ^ H S t-I Q a, S 2 (H o Oh ^^•^^^ Hh rH Ol VO 13 rH cSS Oi •H C «i #v H r^ 00 o .— 1 ■9 d \o t^ t^ 'm ro CJ^ Ol CT> O Di rH I— I t— I rgt^'*LO\oi~~-ooaiOrHCNihO'*LO\ot~^ooc7>C3 r-^r-ir-ir-\'-{r-\r-{<—iT-i<-i^^ rsJ'>::tLOt~^vOC^OOCnt^rHtOO'*LOOOrHC:TlHOCD r-\ rHrHrHrHrHrHrHCNltOrslCXI rgtO'>:d-t^\OfOCNIOt^(7lLO"*rHMDrHOOt^OO^ CN)bOLOI^vOO~lOOsl'*LOt~-.I^rHvOC3l^rHOOrH rHrHrHrHrHrHr-HrHCSICSl'CtrHCNl -36- CTii— lOOO^LOLO'ca-OOl-nKli— IvO^Oi-HLOi-HLOr-^^C^ 0000aiL0'*'*'*O\01-0'*i— I"*00 t-^ « ". /V /V /V >\ »V >^ (V—ZV-^V—^V IV—'V '^-^V '» 'V—" 'V— ' ,-1 CNll tN]| I vO«*vOtNlK)r--cni— ICNIi— lOi— lO^f^-OOOVOvOCNlLO CO Looit^crioo'^cxicriovO'^'^too'— i^t-~-i^i— ibO \D r--r-~K)rsl\OOvO\OCNIvOi— lOCNI-vfrHvOOIOVOi— I •^ O I— I I— I I— I 1—1 rH en o •H t: o T3 T3 0 i^ 1—1 § cr o t/) Q U1 <+H nd o / — ^ 0 0) O 1—1 ■P 1— 1 r~- C Ol <1) i-l 1—1 o cti in •P ooK)rsi(Nioc:rioor~-vovo in 0 •H O CTi O^ T-l \o • O^ ^3 rj 03 tH 03 0 C 1—1 • H ^ 00 O nd ^ O t^ ■^ Sh H CT> a^ H O Di 1-1 rH K5 (XI t~^cric^t~^roi— icNiro-^LOvoi^ooaio 1— li— li— li— li— li— li— li— li— li— I(N1 cNi^f-^vOLOoot-^LotNJoi^Oi— irgt~~oi— irMtxii— icNj (NihOLOMD'^f^LOot^i— iooct»oo I I "^or^t^ 1— ii— ii— ii— I 1— II itorji— icM cg\ooOCT>'=d-i-Ovor^i— ("=3-'-o^CTi ■^ O t/5 Oj O LO 0 O ft 0 u 0 ■P W •H ■K •37- Cr^^L0CJ^CT>rv — 'V_^v — ' I 00 CXI I-H t— I 1— I I-H '^ ^ 00 00 LO oo CTivootor-joait^^Ohoocnoooot^ \ocri cr-. toocvio\oi-0'*i—itNi^i— It— I fOoLocr>c~it~^\0'*oooot~-~vo\oi-o •^•^t^rsicNicxjcxjojtNjrsii— ii— It— ii— ii— I 2 an CTi LO #^ OO ! (Nl t— I 0 •H U C/3 >-, H i-H(X)K^'*LOvClt-^OOaiOi— ICNltO'^LO oo ■n- Osl t— i (Nl CN) t^ oo •^ fO (Nl (Nl CNI K1 (Nl K) o 00 CT> f~- cn CNl (Nl rH CSJ K) * « 00 to \0 rH laiTmals In 1971 inported juanmals were received frojB 66 countries (Tables 3-4) as compared wlth^ 64 countries in 1970. Thir-teen of tliese countries were not previously listed as sources of imported mammals; the total number of countries exporting mammals to the U.S. in 1970 and 1971 combined is 76. The newly listed countries accounted for a very small proportion CO -241} of the total number of mammals iirported. Table 5 summarizes changes in numbers of mammals imported from the principal countries of origin. With the exception of Canada and Brazil, both of which exhibited significant decreases in the number exported, major sources of mammals in 1971 were largely the same as those of 1970. Three countries, Peru, India, and Colombia, accounted for over 70% of all mammals imported both years and in both years the first 20 countries listed accounted for over 971 of all inportations . Despite an overall slight decrease in inportation , most regions showed little change from levels of importation in 1970 (Asia, Africa, and Central America) or increased slightly. The most pronounced regional increase was for South America from whence 53,843 animals were inported in 1971, as opposed to 50,534 in 1970, an increase of about 6.5%. Table 3. Major sources from which the United States inported mammals in 1971. Country of Origin, Percentage Number Imported, of Total Percentage Percentage of Principal Number from of Total Total Inported Families Imported Country in Family 1 PERU Cebidae 27,882 91.15 63.84 30,590 Callithricidae 1,335 4.36 24.05 34.04 Procyonidae 877 2.87 32.45 Dasyproctidae 222 .73 67.89 Felidae 159 .52 16.65 Myrmecophagidae 31 .10 6.34 Ptydrochaeridae 29 .09 16.86 Erethizontidae 10 .03 28.57 Caviidae 10 30,555 .03 99.89 33.33 2 INDIA Cercopithecidae 21,406 99.82 71.81 21,445 Ursidae 21 .10 28.00 23.87 Procyonidae 17 .08 .63 Felidae 1 21,445 .00 100.00 .10 3 COLOMBIA Cebidae 13,109 62.68 30.01 20,913 Callithricidae 3,843 18.38 69.23 23.27 Didelphidae 1,372 6.56 94.88 ■39- Table 3. Ccont'd) Count ly of Origin, Percentage Number Ijiported, of Total Percentage Percentage of Principal Number from o£ Total Total Inported Families Inported Country in Family COLOMBIA Procyonidae 1,252 5.99 46.32 Ccont'd) M>nmiecopbagidae 449 2.15 91.82 Felidae 327 1.56 34.24 Sciuridae 259 1.24 34.72 Ifydrochaeridae 137 .66 79.65 Mustelidae 72 .34 32.43 Bradypodidae 39 .19 65.00 Dasyproctidae 36 20,895 .17 99.91 11.01 4 THAILAND CercopitKecidae 2,194 55.73 7.36 3,937 Tupaiidae 708 17.98 100.00 4.38 Sciuridae 377 9.58 50.54 Felidae 203 5.16 21.26 Viverridae 126 3.20 79.25 Mustelidae 103 2.62 46.40 Lorisidae 59 1.50 13.47 Elephantidae 40 1.02 59.70 Urs idae 38 .97 50.67 Manidae 22 .56 95.65 Hystricidae 12 .30 70.59 Cynocephalidae 8 3,890 .20 98.81 100.00 5 NICARAGUA Cebidae 1,047 74.20 2.40 1,411 Procyonidae 156 11.06 5.77 1.57 Sciuridae 83 5.88 11.13 Felidae 40 2.83 4.19 Dasyproctidae 37 2.62 11.31 Didelphidae 31 2.20 2.14 Erethizontidae 9 .64 25.71 Bradypodidae 8 .57 100.00 13.33 1,411 6 f4ALAYSIA Cercopithecidae 1,261 98.52 4.23 1,280 Mustelidae 10 .78 4.50 1.42 Felidae 5 .39 .52 Hystricidae 4 1,280 .31 100.00 23.53 7 KENYA Cercopithecidae 1,085 87.71 3.64 1,237 Equiidae 58 4.69 53.21 1.38 Lorisidae 53 4.28 12.10 Elephantidae 19 1.54 28.34 Felidae 13 1,22^ 1.05 99.27 1.36 -40- Table 3. (cont'd) Count ly of Origin, Percentage Number Iinported, of Total Percentage Percentage of Principal Number from of Total Total Inported Families Liiported Country in Family 8 ETHIOPIA Ce rcopithe cidae 1,208 99.02 4.05 1,220 ProcaAdidae 12 .98 36.36 1.36 1,220 100.00 9 SOMALIA Cercopithecidae 1,080 99.17 3.62 1,089 Felidae 9 .83 .94 1.21 1,089 100.00 10 PAEAGUAY Cebidae 792 80.49 1.81 984 Procyonidae 73 7.42 2.70 1.10 Felidae 68 6.91 7.12 Dasypodidae 47 4.78 55.29 Mustelidae 4 984 .41 100.00 1.80 11 BRAZIL Callithricidae 353 52.77 6.34 669 Cebidae 295 44.10 .68 .74 Felidae 10 658 1.49 98.36 1.05 12 GUYANA Cebidae 471 92.35 1.08 510 Procyonidae 14 2.75 .52 .57 Callithricidae 8 1.57 .14 Felidae 5 498 .98 97.65 .52 13 TANZANIA Ce r cop i the ci dae 490 98.59 1.64 497 Pedetidae 6 1.21 42.86 .55 Felidae 1 497 .20 100.00 .10 14 PHILIPPINES Cercopithecidae 430 100.00 1.44 430 .48 15 MEXICO Phyllostomatidae 272 72.92 87.18 373 Cricetidae 28 7.51 39.44 .42 Heteronyidae 20 5.36 100.00 Otariidae 20 5.36 66.67 Delphinidae 11 2.95 91.67 Cervidae 7 1.88 8.86 Phocidae 6 1.61 54.55 364 97.59 ■41- Table 3. Ccont'd) Count ly of Origin, Number imported, Percentage o£ Total Inported 16 HONDURAS 358 .40 Principal Families Procyonidae Cebidae Didelphidae Sciuridae Dasyproctidae Felidae Dasypodidae Percentage of Total Percentage Number from of Total jT^iorted Country in Family 210 58.66 7.77 32 8.94 .07 29 8.10 2.01 23 6.42 3.08 19 5.31 5.81 19 5.31 1.99 12 3.35 14.12 344 96.09 17 CHAWAII) 290 .32 Muridae 290 100.00 100.00 18 PAKISTAN 279 .31 Cercopithecidae Erinaceidae 190 89 279 68.10 31.90 100.00 .64 57.42 19 DAHOMEY 225 .25 Lorisidae Erinaceidae 198 17 215 88.00 7.56 95.56 45.21 87,737 97.64 Table 4. Minor sources of mammals imported into the United States in 1971. The first figure in parentheses is the niM)er imported; the second represents the percentage of mammals in that family inported in 1971. Country of Origin and Number Imported CANADA--187 SIERRA LEONE--152 Principal Groups Imported Cervidae (61-77.22), Leporidae (60-100.00), Caviidae (20-66.67), Canidae (10-23.81), Ursidae (8-10.67) Felidae (7-. 73), Sciuridae (4-. 54), Mustelidae (4-1.80), Camelidae C4-8.70) Pongidae (103-48.82), Cercopithecidae (49 -.16) Percentages of Total from Country 95.19 100.00 -42- Table 4. Ccont'd) Countiy of Origin and Number Iirported ECU'\DOR--144 NEW ZEALAND— 134 BOTSWANA- -11 7 SOUTHWEST AFRICA --117 LAOS- -108 LIBERIA- -103 SINGAPORE- -103 +INDONESIA--100 NIGERIA- -91 AUSTRALIA- -82 SENEGAL --82 WEST GERMANY- -71 PANAMA--58 Percentages of Total From Count r)^ 100.00 100.00 100.00 95.73 Principal Groins Imported Procyonidae C87-3.22], Cebidae C53-.08), Felidae C21-2.20} , Mustelidae (3-1.35) Macropodidae C106-63 . 47] , Pbalangeridae C28-87.50) Lorisidae [108-24.66), Pedetidae C8-57.14), CercopitKecidae C1--003) Equiidae (49-44.95), BoAd.dae (36-54.55), Procaviidae [12-36.36), Unknown (10-76.92), Felidae (5-. 52) I^lobatidae (81-58.27), Cercopithecidae 96.30 (19-. 06), Felidae C4-.42) Pongidae (87-41.23), Cercopithecidae 99.03 (9-. 03), Lorisidae (2-. 46), Felidae (2-. 21), Hippopotamidae (2-66.67) H>^lobatidae (57-41.01) , Cercopithecidae 93.20 (26-. 09), Lorisidae (13-2.97) Cercopithecidae (83-. 28), Macropodidae 99.00 (13-7.78), Viverridae (3-1.87) Cercopithecidae (91 -.31) 100.00 Camelidae (42-91.30) , Macropodidae 100.00 (27-16.17), Giraffidae (6-85.71) Pteropidae (5-50.00), Tachyglossidae (2-40.00) Cercopithecidae (82-. 28) 100.00 Erinaceidae (37-23.87), Bovidae 90.14 (12-18.18), Cervidae (7-8.86), Phocidae (5-45.45), Pongidae (3-1.42) Callithricidae (12-. 22), Procyonidae 68.97 (9-. 33), Cebidae (7-. 02), Echiiyidae [7-100. 00), Bradypodidae C5-8.33) ■•"Indicates a country from which inported mammals were not recorded in 1970, -43- Table 4. Ccont'd) Country" o£ Origin and Number Imported TRINIDAD- -48 GHANA--47 +ISRAEL--31 +VIRGIN ISLANDS- -27 COSTA RICA- -26 FRANCE- -23 ARGENTINA- -22 SOUTH AFRICA- -22 +TAIWAN--22 NETHERLANDS --20 NEW GUINEA- -20 MADAGASCAR- -14 BOLIVIA- -11 DENMARK- -11 Percentages of Total from Principal GroTjps Imported Countr}^ Phyllostomatidae (40-12.82), Dasypod- 100.00 iae C7-8.24), Mynmiecopfiagidae Cl-2.08) Cercopithecidae (42-. 14), Pongidae 100.00 (4-1.90), Canidae (1-2.38) Cricetidae (30-42.25), Pongidae (1-.47) 100.00 Viverridae (26-16.35), Felidae (2-. 21) 100.00 Cricetidae (9-12.68), Didelphidae 88.46 (7-. 48), Cebidae (7-. 02) Erinaceidae (12-7.74), Lemuridae 100.00 (11-64.71) Dasypodidae (10-11.76), Felidae 90.91 (6-. 63), Chinchillidae (4-57.14) Rhinocerotidae (12-80.00), 100.00 Otariidae (10-33.33) Cercopithecidae (20-. 07), Felidae (2-. 21) 100.00 Canidae (15-35.71), Felidae (2-. 21) 85.00 Macropodidae (17-10.18) , Tachy- 100.00 glossidae (3-60.00) Tenrecidae (8-100.00), Lemuridae 100.00 (4-23.53), Viverridae (2-1.26) Octodontidae (5-100.00), Chinchil- 100.00 lidae (3-42.86), Felidae (3-. 31) Felidae (7-. 73), Canidae (2-4.76) 81.82 ■*■ Indicates a country from which, imported mammals were not recorded in 1970. -44- Table 4. Ccont'd) Country of Origin and Nijinber Inported ENGLAND- 11 +BRITISH HONDURAS --10 +IVORY COAST— 10 +RH0DESIA--7 GUATEMALA- -6 MOROCCO- -5 +BRIT. SOLOMDN IS. CAMEROON- -4 U.S.S.R.--4 + JAMAICA- -3 ITALY- -2 JAPAN- -2 +SUEIAN--2 CAMBODIA- -1 CONGO- -1 +LIBYA--1 +SOUrH VIETNAM- -1 SWITZERLAND- -1 +UGANDA--1 Principal Groups Imported Cercopithecidae (10-. 03) Dasypodidae C5-5.88), Felidae (4-. 42) Pongidae (10-4.74) Elephantidae (7-10.45) Cervidae C4-5.06), Felidae (I-.IO) Cercopithecidae (5-. 02) ■4 Phalangeridae (4-12.50) Lorisidae (3-. 68), Manidae (1-4.35) Ursidae (2-2.67), Felidae (2-. 21) Felidae (3-. 31) Canidae (2-4.76) Felidae (2-. 21) Cercopithecidae (2-. 01) Elephantidae (1-1.49) Pongidae CI" -47) Canidae (1-2.38) Cercopithecidae Q " • 00 3) Lemuridae (1-5.88) Mustelidae C1--45) Percentages o£ Total From Country 90.91 90.00 100.00 100.00 83.33 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 """Indicates a country from which inported jnanimals were not recorded in 1970. -45- Table 5. Conparison of Numbers of Mammals Inported 1970-1971 from Countries Exporting to the IMited States. Ordinal Total Total Country o£ Rank Luported Imported Numerical 0. 0 Origin 1970 1970 1971 Change Change 1 Peru 1 29,870 30,590 + 720 + 2.41 2 India 2 22,105 21,445 - 660 - 2.99 3 Colombia 3 16,718 20,913 + 4,195 + 25.09 4 Thailand 5 3,287 3,937 + 650 + 19.77 5 Nicaragua 7 1,741 1,411 - 330 - 18.95 6 Malaysia 9 1,556 1,280 - 276 - 17.74 7 Kenya 10 1,342 1,237 - 105 - 7.82 8 Ethiopia 8 1,719 1,220 - 499 - 29.03 9 Somalia 12 628 1,089 + 461 + 73.41 10 Paraguay 13 553 984 + 431 + 77.94 11 Brazil 6 2,733 669 - 2,064 - 75.52 12 Guyana 15 449 510 + 61 + 13.59 13 Tanzania 11 924 497 - 427 - 46.21 14 Philippines 23 100 430 + 330 + 330.00 15 Mexico 20 176 373 + 197 + 111.93 16 Honduras 17 299 358 + 59 + 19.73 17 [Hawaii] 16 310 290 - 20 - 6.45 18 Pakistan 14 508 279 - 229 - 45.08 19 Dahomey 47 15 225 + 210 + 1,400.00 20 Canada 4 6,198 187 - 6,011 - 96.98 21 Sierra Leone 22 113 152 + 39 + 34.51 22 Ecuador 18 198 144 - 54 - 27.27 23 New Zealand 19 177 134 - 43 - 24.29 24 Botswana 28 59 117 + 58 + 98.31 25 Southwest Africa 34 34 117 + 83 + 244.12 26 Laos 29 54 108 + 54 + 100.00 27 Liberia 25 74 103 + 29 + 39.19 28 Singapore 26 73 103 + 30 + 41.10 29 Indonesia NA 0 100 + 100 NA 30 Nigeria 21 151 91 - 60 - 39.74 Subtotal 92,164 89,093 - 3,071 - 3.33 All other Countries* 1,489 761 - 728 - 48.89 Total 93,653 89,854 - 3,799 - 4.06 Includes mammals for which country of origin is unknown -46- Primates Used for Research in 1971 Some data on the numbers of mammals iised for research in 1971 were com- piled hy the Institute of Laboratory Animal Resources (JLAR News, 1972, vol. 16, no. 1}. These data allow^ us to make a general conparison of the number of primates sold and bred-^ with- those declared for importation in the same year. As in 1968 and 1969 Pones, 1970; Jones and Paradiso, 1972), more species and individuals of New World primates were declared for inportation in 1971 than were sold or bred in the United States, and fewer individuals of Old World primates were declared for importation than were used for research, in that year. Altogether, 23,908 .more primates were imported than were reported as used for research. Some of these discrepancies between the two sets of figures may have resulted from methods of gathering the data; many primates may have been either unreported or included in nondesignated categories. In the following list (Table 6} of primates used for research in the IMited States in 1971, numbers of animals sold and bred in 1968 were taken from ILAR News (1972) and numbers iiiported are from Bureau data. Table 6. Conparison of Numbers of Primates Used for Research. With Numbers Imported in 1971 Used for Research Sold Bred Total NEW WORLD PRIMATES CEBIDAE ktOVLOttd _ _ _ kotVui) 4,308 158 4,466 AtdLu 249 10 259 CalLice,buA - 9 9 Czbtii 541 134 675 LagotkAA-x. - 4 4 ViZkiaJjOi - - - SoJjMjiL 7,595 528 843 8,123 Subtotal 12,693 13,536 Imported 76 3,728 1,889 174 5,619 2,226 84 29,879 43,675 Here equivalent to the numbers listed from commercial and random sources, respectively, in the ILAR tabulation. The "random sources" category possibly includes some animals caught in the wild and subsequently recovered from pounds or animal shelters as well as any obtained in the wild by the research institutions involved. -47- Table 6. (cont'd) Sold Bred Total Imported CALLITHRICIDAE CaliJjnLco CaltWuiix Cz.bu.dUU Sagulnai Marmosets Subtotal Not Designated Total New World Primates LzmuA. HicAoctbai Subtotal 2,691 545 3,236 2,693 5?8 5,241 15,5S6 173^1 16,777 OLD MDRLD PRIMATES LEMURIDAE 53 166 5,330 5,552 1 49,228 15 2 IT A/ictoceboi GaZago Nyctia2.bix6 PeAodictLcuui Subtotal 20 2(J LORISIDAE 53 "^ 73 71 1 313 2 72 50 -48- Table 6. Ccont'd) Sold Bred Total Imported CERCOPITHECimE CeAcoczbu^ 6 47 53 CejicopAjtkzc.u& ColobuLi> 2,643 192 2,835 En.ythA.oczbvU> Macaca 79 28,430 11 4,963 90 33,393 Nai>aLa> - - - PapZo PftejibytU PyQathhA-x TheAopithzciiS 1,220 1,003 49 2,223 49 Stibtotal 32,378 6,26S 38,643 HYLOBATTnAE Hylobcvtu 6 1 7 PONGIDAE Ckimpa.Yii> ZQ, 155 66 221 GofhUULa. Pongo Subtotal Not Designated Total Old World Primates Total Primates 155 66 221 258 - 258 32,817 ^73^ 39,202 48,203 7,776 55,979 4 2,935 13 105 25,567 2 1,092 67 5 20 29,810 139 205 S 1 211 44 30,659 79,887 IiTfJorted Rare and Endangered Species Some species o£ mammals listed in the Red Data Book [1972) by the International Union for the Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources were declared for unportation in 1971. Numerous subspecies of rare and endangered majnmals listed in the Red Data Book may have been included among mammals inported in 1971, but identifications were usually not made to subspecies on the import declarations. -49- Species o£ mammals listed in the lUCN Red Data Book in 1972, that were declared for ijiportation into the United States in 1971, are listed in Table 7 below. Letters to the left of names indicate their status in the Red Data Book with V indicating vxilnerable; R, rare; and E, endangered. Those marked with an asterisk are included on the United States' list of foreign species in danger of extinction. Except for most of the felids, which were placed on the list onlY recently, none could be ijiported during 1971 without a special permit. Table 7. Rare and endangered species of mammals imported into the IMited States in 1971. Common Name Scientific Name Number Imported 1971 Number Imported 1968-1971 T.HMURIDAE * Ring -tailed Lemur V * Mongoose Lemur * Ruffed Lemur * Lesser Mouse Lemur LemuA ccutta loMoA mongoz LmuA voJiizgatuA 3 9 3 2 73 25 8 15 CEBIDAE * Squirrel Monkey ScuMoU. oejiAttdoi 2 2 CERCOPITHECIDAE E * Lion-tailed Macaque E * Douc Langur PONGimE V Chimpanzee V * Gorilla E * Orang-utan MYRMECOPHAGIDAE V Giant Anteater FygathJvix mmatuui GonxlZa QOHltta Pongo pygmaeu6 MyfumtcophagcL tAldaatyZa. 2 17 5 35 205 937 5 26 1 2 75 309 CANIDAE V Gray Wolf V * Maned Wolf V African Hunting Dog R Bush Dog URSIDAE V Polar Bear MUSTELIDAE E * Giant Otter CayiLi, tupai) ChAy^ocyon b/uickyuJias Lyaaon pZctoi U/u>a& ma/uMjmuA. ?t2M)nvJux. bfuuLtCeni>X6 5 3 3 2 5 1 18 14 8 3 17 8 ■50- Table 7. Ccont'd) Common Name FELIDAE V * Cheetali V * Ocelot * Margay V * Jaguar V * Leopard * Tiger V Clouded Leopard E * Snow Leopard ELEPHANTIME V Indian Elephant EQUIIDAE V Mountain Zebra TAPIRIDAE * Brazilian Tapir RHINOCEROTIDAE V Black Rhinoceros HIPPOPOTAMI DAE R Pygny Hippopotamus CERVIDAE E * Eld's Deer BOVIDAE V * Gaur Scientific Name Acuionyx jaEatas Vdil& pcuidatCs ToLCs w£e,doC Leo onca Le,o paAda& Lzo tlgALs U2.oIqUj> mbatosa Undo. uncJia EquuA zihfia C&Ava6 oZdL Bo6 gauAui Number Number Iii5)orted Imported 1971 1968-1971 15 158 359 1,974 65 242 14 73 IQ 58 2 13 2 19 5 20 41 18 872 Importation o£ Restricted Mammals 123 28 204 4 3 Federal regulations (Title 50, Part 13, Section 13.5) o£ 1967 restrict the inportation o£ five groups of mammals. Representatives of two of these prohibited groups were declared for importation in 1971. Common Name Indian Flying Fox Gray -headed Fruit Bat Dwarf Mongoose Mongoose Scientific Name ftcADpiis g-tgayitzu& PtzAopuA pollocejpkaZuA HeZogate. poAvala HoJipoJytoJi auAopanctataS Number Reported 5 5 1 26 •51- Acknowledgements We are particular 1)^ grateful to M. Ralpk Browning vdio aided in tlie initial sorting of the import declaration forms and to Karen Pfister wfio typed the final manuscript. Declaration forms were made available to us through the courtesy of Marshall Stinnett, Division of Law Enforcement, Bureau of Sport Fisheries and Wildlife. LITERATUT^ CITED Anderson, S. , and J. Jones, Jr. 1967. Recent mammals of the world. Ronald Press Company, New York. 453 p. Clapp, R.B. and R.C. Banks. 1973. Birds inported into the United States in 1971. Bureau of Sport Fisheries and Wildlife, Special Scientific Report --Wildlife No. 164. 102 p. Dandelot, P. 1959. Note sur la classification des cercopitheques du groupe koXklopi,. Mammalia 23:357-368. Jones, C. 1970. Mammals imported into the United States in 1968. Bureau of Sport Fisheries and Wildlife, Special Scientific Report --Wildlife No. 137. 30 p. Jones, C, and J.L. Paradiso. 1972. Mammals inported into the United States in 1969. Bureau of Sport Fisheries and Wildlife, Special Scientific Report --Wildlife No. 147. 33 p. Paradiso, J.L., and R.D. Fisher. 1972. Mammals imported into the United States in 1970. Bureau of Sport Fisheries and Wildlife, Special Scientific Report --Wildlife No. 161. 62 p. Red Data Book. 1972. Mammalia. International Union for the Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources, Morges , Switzerland. Vol. 1. Soini, P. 1972. The capture and commerce of live monkeys in the Amazonian region of Peru. pp. 26-36 in International Zoo Yearbook, vol. 12, Zoological Society~of London, London, England. •52- U.S. GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE : I97J O- 528-538 As the Nation's principal conservation agency, the Department of the Interior has basic responsibilities for water, fish, wildlife, mineral, land, park, and recreational resources. Indian and Ter- ritorial affairs are other major concerns of this department of natural resources. The Department works to assure the wisest choice in managing all our resources so that each shall make its full contribution to a better United States now and in the future. UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR FISH AND WILDLIFE SERVICE BUREAU OF SPORT FISHERIES AND WILDLIFE WASHINGTON. Q. C. 20240 POSTAGE AND FEES PAID DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR INT 423