SURFACE WATER TEMPERATURES ALONG ATLANTIC AND GULF COASTS OF THE UNITED STATES Marine Biologir^ii (?i-!"''^fi iv J IJ WOODS HULL, MASS. SPECIAL SCIENTIFIC REPORT-FISHERIES No. 214 UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR FISH AND WILDLIFE SERVICE EXPLANATORY NOTE The series embodies results of investigations, usually of restricted scope, intended to aid or direct management or utilization practices and as guides for administrative or legislative action . It is issued in limited quantities for official use of Federal, State or cooperating agencies and in processed form for economy and to avoid delay in publication . United States Department of the Interior, Fred A. Seaton, Secretary U. S. Fish and Wildlife Service SURFACE WATER TEMPERATURES ALONG ATLANTIC AND GULF COASTS OF THE UNITED STATES By Dean F . Bumpus Oceanographer Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution The preparation of this material has been carried out by the Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution under Contract No. 14-19-008-2377 with the U. S. Fish and Wildlife Service Contribution No . 904 from the Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution Special Scientific Report- -Fisheries No. 214. Washington, D.C. April 1957 Table of Contents Page Introduction 1 Location of stations 3 Figure 1, Atlantic Coast Stations, Eastport to Diamond Shoals 3 Figure 2, Atlantic Coast Stations, Diamond Shoals to Key West k Figure 3, Gulf Coast Stations 5 list of Stations 6 References H Tables of Monthly and Annual Mean S\irface Water Temperatures 12 Surface Water Temperatures along the Atlantic and Gulf Coasts of the United States Sea water temperatures have been collected daily at numerous places along the eastern and southern seaboards of the United States. Many of these records commenced during the latter part of the nineteenth century and contuined on into the early part of the twentieth century. Many others, unfortunately, were of shorter duration. These records were collected at the instiga- tion of the U. S, Commissioner of Fish and Fisheries (USCFF) by the lighthouse and lightship keepers under the direction of the U. S, Lighthouse Board and by members of the U, S, Signal Corps, Rathbxm (188?) reported on many of these data for the period 1881-85. Parr (1933) also employed some of these data for the peirLod 1928-31 in an examination of the seasonal changes in temperature from a geographic-ecological point of view. Latterly, the U. S, Coast and Geodetic Survey (USC&GS) has made temperature observations in connection with their tide stations and have published the monthly means (U, S. Department of Commerce, 1955). The U, S, Weather Bureau (National Weather Records Center) (NWRC) has kindly fvirnished recent data from lightships taken four times daily. Interest in the changes in the marine environment has mounted recently due to the increasing awareness of the spread of populations (Scattergood 1952) and the documented changes in the environment (Collier, 19^; Ketchen, 1956; Taylor, Bigelow and Graham, 1957). As mentioned above, the historical records of surface water temperature have been published only in part. There are pre- sented herein the monthly and annual mean surface water temper- atures for the period of record witii the exception of the USC&GS data, in order to make these data available to investigating biologists. The original U. S. Commission of Fish and Fisheries (USCFF), U, S, Bureau of Fisheries (USBF), U. S, Fish and Wildlife Service (USFWS), daily data are on file at the Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, These data consist of daily or twice daily air and water temperatures, wind and weather observations, together with notes, in mainy instances, of fish observations. Such data are mich too voluminous to publish ^n extenso. The data from a number of stations along the Florida, Alabama, Mississippi, Louisiana and Texas Coast have previously been presented in Whitehouse euid Brown (1956), The origiaal data for these stations is on file with the U, 3. Fish and Wildlife Service, Washington, D, C. For reference purposes as to locations, periods of observation, source and page herein, the following list of locations is given in alphabetical order. The tables of data are arranged in geographical order, so far as possible from North to South along the Itlantic Coast and East to West along the Gulf Coast. The U3C&GS locations are listed, but are not included in the tabulations. The locations of these observations are indicated in Figs. 1, 2 and 3. Most of the USC&GS stations are on a continuing basis and pre- sumably the monthly means will be published from time to time. Two additional USC&GS stations are also presently operating. Buzzards Bay (Cape Cod Canal), Mass, and Sagamore (Cape Cod Canal), Mass, Those lightships marked "ith an asterisk (*) are currently collecting bath^-thermograms and surface water samples daily and bottom water samples weekly. Buzzards Bay Lightship, Mass. is also collecting daily surface water temperatures and surface water samples, The data for the year 1956 will be published in extenso in a forth- coming number of the Special Scientific Reports - Fisheries, The patient assistance of Florence Glazer, C. Godfrey Day, Joan Brigham and Nadine Atheam is gratefully acknowledged. Note: If the reader is aware of other data which would mater- ially add to this compendium, he is urged to make this information known to the author. It could be included in forthcoming reports. FIGURE I ATLANTIC COAST STATIONS . EASTPOHT TO DIAMOND SHOALS NORTH CHARLESTON rAMuny TERMINALS •«"5-a' ASHLEY RIVER ^CHiSLESTON .^ RATTLESNAKE SHOAL CHARLESTON~BAB UGHT Vol *MOND, SHOAL MACON 4 LIGHTSHIP • IFORT CAPE LOOKOUT CAPE LOOKOUT LIGHTSHIP FRYING RAN SHOALS UGHTSHIP ♦ MARTINS INDUSTRY FORT PULASKp m 5-^ 'SAVANNAH UGHTSHIP > BRUNSWICK LIGHTSHIP MAYPORT JACKSONVILLE FERNANDINA ST JOHN LIGHTSHIP DAYTONA BEACH HAUFax RIVER CANOVA BEACH MIAMI BEACH .•FOWEY ROCKS • CARYSFORT REEF v,v 1873-1878 USCFF 135 1878-1880 USCFF 13 1878-1903 USCFF 15 1925-1955 USF7e 16, 17 1951-1954 USC&GS - 1886-1890 USCFF 36 1878-1892 USCFF 38 1892-1912 USCFF 39, 40 1923-1925 USC&GS ) 41 1925-1941 USBF ) * 1947-1955 NWRC 42, 43 1881-18S6 USCFF 53 1873-1887 USCFF 51 1947-1954 USC&GS - 1881-1883 USCFF 48 1873-1890 USCFF 59 1911-1920 USC&GS - 1927-1954 USC&GS - 1873-1887 USCFF 91 1951-1952 USC&GS - Location Old Point Comfort, Va, Overfalls Lightship, Del. Oyster Bayou Light Station, La. Palm Beach, Fla. Pensacola, Fla. n ti " Lighthouse, Fla. Petit Manan, Me, Philadelphia, Pa. Point Au Fer Reef Light Station, La, Point Lookout, Md, Pollock Rip, liass. Period Source Port \ransa3 (Pass), Port Eads, La. Port Isabel, Tex. Portland, t/,e. It n Tex n n Lightship, It He . Portsmouth, N. H. Provincetown, Mass, Pulpit Harbor, Me, Punta Rassa, Fla, Race Point, Mass, Rattlesnake Shoal Lightship, S, C. Richmond, Va. Rockport, Tex, Sabine Pass Light Station, La. Sand Island, Mobile Bay, Ala. Sandy Hook Lightship, N. J. " " , N. J. n n n tt n II Savannah, Ga, " Lightship, Ga. Seguin Island, Me. Ship Island Lighthouse, Miss, Ship Shoal, La. Shreveport, La. Smlthville, N. C. Solomons, Md. Sombrero Key, Fla. South Pass, La. Southport, N. C. 19'i3-195'; USC&GS 190-i^-1909 USBF 1930-1934- USBF i&ES. 72 Ul 19^6 USC&GS ^^ 1881-1889 U3CFF 131 192/^-1954 USC&Go 1930-1931 USBF 132 1878-1902 USCFF l/i 1923-U6,'5U U3C&G3 1930-1933 USBF 142 1885-1891 USCFF 83 1878-1900 USCFF 32 1925-1941 USBF 33 19^8-1956 WHFJC 34 1930-1931 USBF 151 1881-1883 USCFF 139 194^-1955 USC&GS 1873-1888 USCFF 22 1922-1945 USC&GS . 1925-19a USBF 23 19i;7-1956 NWRC 24 19U-1954 U3C&GS 1882-1884 USCFF 30 1945-1946 USC&GS . 1873-1883 USCFF 125 1378-85 1890-1901 USCFF 31 1878-1895 USCFF 105 1947-1954 U^^C&GS . 1948-1954 USC&GS - 1930-1934 USBF U3 1930-1933 USBF 133 1878-1892 USCFF 60 1881-1886 USCFF 62 1887-1893 USC&GS 1944-1954 USC&GS „ 1873-1887 USCFF 112 1947-1955 NWRC 111 1878-1906 USCFF 21 1930-1032 USBF 136 I904-I905 USBF uo 1873-1878 USCFF 144 1880-1886 USCFF 103 1938-1954 USC&GS - 1925-1934 USBF 121 1933 USBF 138 1946-1954 USC&GS - 10 Location Stingray Point, Va. St. Johns Lightship, Fla. H n n It St. Marks, Fla. St. Petersburg, Fla. Stratford Shoal, Conn. Vineyard Sound Lightship, Mass, Washington, D. C. H )l Willets Point, N. Y. Wilmington, N. C. Windmill Point, Va. Winter Quarter Lightship, Va. II n It n Wolf Trap Bar, Va. Woods Hole, Mass. H H N N n n York Spit, Va. Period bource USCFF Pag< 86, I 1882-1922 87 1929-193i; U3BF lU, 115 1947-195A N^C 116 1877-1879 USCFF 129 19^7-195/. USC&GS . 1878-1893 USCFF 54 1878-1910 USCFF 47 1882-1907 USCFF 80 19U-195A USC&GS . 1932-195^ U3C&GS - 1873-1886 USCFF 104 1881-1922 USCFF 84, 85 * 1878-D899 USCFF 73 * 1925-19A0 USBF 74 1882-1892 USCFF 88 1880-1919 USCFF ) 1927-1929 USBF ) 1932-19a USBF ) 44, 45, 46 19U-1956 U3C&GS ) 1882-1912 USCFF 90 References Collier, A, (195U) A study of the response of oysters to temperature and some long range ecological interpretations. National Shell Fisheries Association, 1953 Convention papers; pp. 13-38. Ketchen, K, S, (1956) Climatic trends and fluctuations in yield of marine fisheries of the Northeast Pacific. J. Fish. Res. M. Canada. 13 (3); 357-37ii. Parr, A. E. (1933) ^ geographical-ecological analysis of the seasonal change in temperature conditions in shallow water along the Atlantic Coast of the United States. Bull. Bingham Oceanogr. Coll. h (3)j 1-90, Rathbun, R. (1887) Ocean temperatures of the eastern coast of the %ited States from observations made at twenty-four lighthouses and lightships. Fisheries and Fishing Industries of the United States, Appendix to section III, Washington, Taylor, C, C,, H, B. Higelow and H. W, Graham, (1957) Clmatic trends and the distribution of marine animals in New England, Fishery Bulletin of tte Fish and Wildlife Service (in edJI U, S. Department of Ccmimerce, Coast and Geodetic Survey (1955). Surface water temperatures at tide stations, Atlantic coast. North and South America. Special Publication No. 278, Fifth ed. (with data -through 195U) Washington, Whitehouse, U, G., and A. N. Brown (1956). Analysis of air- sea surface boimdary layer tanperatures records (1930-1935) at fourteen fixed stations on the Gulf of Mexico. The A&M College of Texas, Departnent of Oceanography. Ref, 56-liiT, ( T&ipublished manuscript). 12 o Monthly and Annual Mean Surface - 56.3 49.8 ^3.7 (47.5) 49.3 41.4 (47.3) 55.0 49.4 42.5 48.1 49.3 43.9 (47.7) 55.9 51.2 43.4 47.7 57.0 51.0 43.8 48.7 56.4 48.6 44.1 48.0 52.6 49.1 42.4 (46.8) 54.6 - U.4 (48.1) 55.0 48.6 41.3 (48.5) 55.6 48.5 U.O 48.0 (10) (11) (12) 55*5 -19.3 43.1 47.8 Readings at first high water and first low water after 7 a.m. Source - USCFF 1881 - 34.6 38.3 38.3 44.0 50.3 57.6 59.0 58.9 82 38.5 36.6 37.6 39.5 42.7 49.8 - . - 83 37.5 36.2 35.1 38.8 45.6 55.0 60.4 61.2 60.3 84 37.2 38.3 36.7 38.5 44.1 52.0 57.3 58.6 60.4 1885 40.0 34.3 34.4 38.8 43.4 52.0 53.3 60.4 59.9 1886 40.1 38.0 36.7 a. 5 45.9 52.0 58.0 59.6 60.9 87 38.8 38.1 37.1 39.0 45.0 51.4 58.3 59.5 59.6 88 - 35.5 36.4 38.2 . - 55.6 58.5 58.0 89 40.7 37.1 38.3 40.4 U.l 52.6 57.5 58.9 59.6 1890 a. 6 39.2 38.6 40.9 46.0 51.8 - 60.7 60.3 1891 38.7 38.0 37.3 41.0 46.0 51.1 57.6 60.0 58.6 92 " 37.1 ~ 40.2 45.7 - - - - (10) (13) (12) (13) (12) (11) (10) (U) (11) Mean 39.0 36.8 36.9 39.5 U.8 51.8 57.7 59.6 59.6 39 o Monthly and Annual Mean Surface Water Temparaturea, F NUNTUCKET SHOALS LIGHTSHIP ^0 ^6»N. 69 56' W. Year Jan. Feb. Mar. ^pr. May June July tug. Sept. Oct. Nov. Dec. Inn. 1892 -- il2.1 - 93 3ii.3 3^.1 35.2 . - - 56.7 60.8 58.6 55.8 - - - 94 39.5 37.5 3S.3 40.1 45.7 50.7 56.3 60.3 61.2 56.7 49.5 - 1895 - - - 39.9 45.7 52.4 56.1 61.4 60.0 56.8 51.8 U.9 - 1896 40.1 37.0 34.4 39.8 46.2 51.8 56.4 60.2 59.2 - . - - (3) (3) (3) (3) (3) (3) (4) (4) (4) (3) (2) (2) Mean 38.0 36.2 36.0 39.9 45.9 51.6 56.4 60.7 59.8 56.4 50.6 43.5 47.9 Readings at First high water and first low water after 7 a.m. Source - DSCFF 40 o Monthly and Annual Mean Surface Water Temperatures, F NUNTUCKET i SHOALS LIGHTSHIP 40° '37'N. 69°37'06''W. Yeir J?^n, _ Feb. Mar. \vr. May June July 4ue. Sect. Oct. Nov. De5» iSQ. 1896 52.8 97 a.3 _ 39.3 41.9 45.3 50.0 65.4 63.1 61.5 56.5 51.6 47.3 (50.3) 98 a. 2 39.9 40.3 40.7 U.7 47.7 55.6 60.6 - - 51.1 42.4 (48.4) 99 38.1 37.0 - U.9 56.8 62.1 65.5 - - 51.7 46.7 (49.8) 1900 39.6 38.9 40.8 U.8 51.3 57.9 64.7 61.6 - - - (49.4) 1901 39.6 35.8 37.0 40.0 U.8 50.1 55.5 64.3 64.0 - - 43.7 (48.3) 02 39.5 36.9 39.6 41.4 45.8 48.7 56.4 60.4 59.6 - - 44.5 (48.4) 03 38.0 36.2 37.8 42.4 46.6 51.7 54.2 58.0 62.8 57.4 51.6 - (48.4) 04 35.2 39.2 44.8 48.0 - 63.3 61.6 - 48.5 40.2 (47.7) 1905 - 35.7 38.8 - 53.6 55.6 - 56.3 52.2 48,4 - (47.0) 1906 _ ^ ^ 37.8 42.8 51.3 57.1 66.8 61.6 58.3 . - (43.3) 07 a. 6 38.2 37.6 40.2 42.5 49.2 . > - - 50.3 42.7 (48.3) 08 39.3 36.4 38.4 40.5 46.3 55.2 - - 60.7 61.8 50.9 - (49.4) 09 39.9 36.7 _ 37.3 42.0 48.7 54.6 59.0 56.2 54.4 49.1 42.1 (46.3) 1910 37.2 37.3 44.1 49.2 59.2 67.3 62.4 - - - (48.9) 1911 ^ 39.8 37.9 40.1 47.4 53.3 58.2 59.3 57.0 55.6 52.2 45.0 (48.8) 12 38.2 35.4 36.1 39.4 43.7 51.8 57.1 ~ • • " 42.5 (47.8) (10) (12) 37.3 (13) (U) (15) 44.5 (16) (13) (12) (12) (7) (11) (10) Mean 39.7 37.9 40.1 51.1 57.6 62.7 60.4 56.6 50.3 43.8 48.5 Readings at first high water and first low water after 7 a.m. Source - OSCFF 41 Monthly aod Annual Mean Surface Water Tempera tuea, F NANTUCKET SHOALS LIGHTSHIP t 0 iO 371N. 69°37' 06«W • ^9flr Jan. Feb. Mar. Acr. Mav July Sect. Oct. Nov. D«fl, Ann. 1923 24 1925 a. 5 40.5 38.3 39.4 38.1 39.2 40.3 42.8 43.3 46.6 49.8 51.5 55.4 59.6 58.5 60.3 56.6 53.8 50.5 51.4 50.9 47.8 U.2 U.4 48.1 (49.2) 1926 27 28 29 1930 40.4 39.6 39.5 39.5 35.7 37.3 36.5 38.5 36.8 35.3 38.6 35.5 37.3 35.9 37.6 39.7 37.8 38.9 38.8 42.8 42.7 43.3 43.8 47.7 49.1 52,2 53.3 57.1 57.3 53.8 58.7 61.5 58.5 61.2 59.1 56.4 57.6 59.2 62.6 54.8 54.9 54.9 53.4 53.9 51.9 51.6 49.8 49.0 51.3 44.3 46.4 45.0 43.8 46.0 (48.0) 47.6 47.3 (47.6) 48.5 1931 32 33 34 1935 42.0 43.8 39.7 40.0 40.0 40.2 34.4 38.4 41.5 38.6 35.7 38.4 43.6 41.0 39.8 40.6 46.1 47.3 44.6 52,7 53.9 54.2 53,4 52.2 60.0 59.8 56.6 59.7 58.6 64.2 68.1 61.3 63.1 63.5 60.7 63.8 62.7 67.1 61.7 56,4 58.5 57,7 56.8 55.7 53.7 52.8 51.1 52.1 52.6 47.6 50.7 47.6 (51.0) 43.6 (49.4) 46.2 (49.4) 44.9 49.3 1936 37 38 39 1940 39.9 45.0 42.4 43.5 39.1 36.4 a. 9 41.0 42.6 37.9 39.2 39.0 39.4 41.4 42.3 40.3 42.4 42.5 37.1 48.0 45.7 44.1 46.2 43.2 52.8 50.6 53.4 51.5 48.9 57.2 57.7 60.8 60.5 54.5 61.7 68.6 65.7 66.0 62.1 59.0 64.2 63.1 61.2 58.6 56.5 57.5 56.7 56.2 55.0 51.4 54.2 55.6 51.2 50.7 46.5 45.9 48.7 45.1 45.4 49.2 50.9 51.1 50.6 47.5 19a 40.8 36.3 36.4 39.7 U.6 50.4 56.5 60.1 59.1 53.5 51.5 47.1 48.0 Mean (16) 41.1 (17) 38.4 (16) 38.0 (17) 40.3 (15) 44.6 (17) 51.6 (15) 57.7 (16) 62.7 (18) 60.3 (18) 55.7 (19) 51.8 (19) 45.8 49.0 Readings at 8 a.m. and 8 p.m. Source - USBF 42 Monthly and Annual Mean Surface VJater Temperatures, °F NANTUCKET LIGHTSHIP UO 37'N. 69 38'18"W. Year Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr. May June July Aug. Sept. Oct. Nov. Dec. Ann, 19li7 _..--.--- 60.3 52.9 - kQ - UO.7 Uo.O U2.5 U6.1 50.8 56.14 63. U 61.0 56.6 - - (50.3) k9 - Ul.l^ UO.2 - U6.7 60.3 67.6 68.6 65.6 61.1 - 5l.O (53.6) 1950 _ - - U3.7 h7.2 57.0 60.8 63. U - . - - - 1951 H3.3 I42.8 U2.8 UU.8 U7.7 52.8 61.2 65.6 65.9 59.i; 55.0 U8.0 52.U 52 - - - hh.h U5.5 53.2 61.I 67.8 63. 0 59.0 53.0 U8.0 (51.7) (1) (3) (3) (U) (5) (5) (5) (5) (h) (5) (3) (3) Mean U3.3 U.6 Ul.O 1*3.8 U6.6 5U.8 6l.li 65.8 63.9 59.3 53.6 U9.0 52.0 Readings at 0130, 0700, 1330 and 1930, EST Source - NWRC 43 o Monthly and Ann'oal Mean Surface Water Temperatures, F NANTUCKET LIGHTSHIP lO 37«00"N. 69°l8«30"W. Year Jan. Feb. Mar, Apr. May June July Aug. Sept. Oct. Nov. Dec. Ann. 1953 - - - U3.9 U6.7 ?2.U 58.8 57.6 59.3 5U.h 51. h - 51i - - 38.1 U3.8 U7.8 - - 60.0 - - . . _ 1955 U2.0 U2.2 U2.U Ul.7 ----- __-- (1) (1) (2) (3) (2) (1) (1) (2) (1) (1) (1) Mean li2.0 li2.2 UO.lj h3.1 U7.2 52. U 58.8 58.8 59.3 Sh.h 5l.li - Readings at 0130, 0730, 1330 and 1930, EST Source - NTOC u o Monthly and Annual Uean Surface Water Tanperatures, F WOODS 1 HOLE, MASSACHUSETTS o 41 31'N. o 70 40 'W. Year Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr. May June July Aui;. Sept. Oct. Nov. Dec. Ann. 1880 37.6 35.3 37.9 43.7 57.8 66.5 72.5 71.6 68.5 57.9 46.0 - - 1881 82 83 84 1885 34.5 30.7 32.4 34.6 30.9 33.1 31.2 34.5 29.8 36.6 37.5 32.3 35.3 31.8 41.0 43.3 41.5 42.8 40.3 53.8 49.8 52.5 55.1 50.1 61.6 64.9 61.3 71.3 71.4 69.9 71.8 65.1 65.8 59.0 55.9 58.6 50.5 48.0 47.7 45.8 51.4 37.1 a. 5 39.7 50.0 50.6 1886 87 88 89 1890 32.2 32.6 31.1 36.6 40.2 30.9 33.2 30.4 32.2 36.4 32.2 34.6 33.1 34.7 36.4 42.6 40.0 41.0 42.7 55.7 52.6 50.2 55.7 53.3 62.5 62.0 62.7 65.4 62.0 68.7 70.6 66.6 68.7 69.4 69.1 72.0 68.9 70.7 71.1 68.1 66.5 64.3 67.2 68.0 60.3 58.9 54.3 57.0 59.0 51.0 48.2 48.6 49.8 48.0 38.0 50.9 40.3 51.0 39.1 49.2 44.4 52.1 36.7 (52.0) 1891 92 93 94 1895 33.1 36.8 29.6 35.0 34.0 34.8 31.9 29.8 32.7 29.6 35.7 33.3 30.7 37.6 44.3 42.5 40.9 42.7 42.0 52.3 51.1 51.0 53.6 53.4 61.1 62.1 61.2 62.0 63.4 66.9 69.9 69.6 70.4 68.6 71.8 73.3 69.4 69.9 69.1 67.1 67.5 67,2 67.6 57.6 58.8 60.4 59.6 59.5 47.4 50.6 52.4 48.1 49.5 42.0 37.3 40.8 39.2 39.7 51.1 51.1 50.6 51.5 51.1 1896 97 98 99 1900 32.9 32.0 36.1 33.4 34.6 31.7 31.6 34.0 30.8 31.2 32.4 35.4 39.0 34.5 33.8 40.7 43.0 43.7 41.6 40.9 53.3 49.7 49.7 51.9 52.6 63.4 60.0 60.5 63.2 61.7 65.7 69.6 68.1 69.6 68.6 70.9 70.3 70.8 69.4 70.9 66.7 67.6 68.2 66.0 68.8 58.3 59.4 59.6 57.8 60.1 53.1 49.9 49.9 49.4 50.7 41.2 41.9 37.1 a. 8 39.8 50.9 50.9 51.4 50.8 51.1 1901 02 03 04 1905 33.2 31.5 32.6 29.3 30.7 29.6 29.0 32.0 29.0 29.0 33.4 36.2 39.1 33.1 32.6 41.2 45.7 45.7 40.8 42.4 51.9 54.0 54.5 53.3 52.0 61.2 62.0 61.0 62.2 61.5 69.6 66.3 67.6 69.4 70.3 69.9 69.1 68.0 65.8 69.9 68.7 67.3 66.6 67.0 66.3 62.2 60.6 57.3 57.7 59.4 47.8 52.0 47.8 46.5 48.1 36.8 38.8 36.5 34.4 39.8 50.5 51.0 50.7 49.0 50.2 1906 33.0 34.4 35.0 42.2 53.2 62.8 68.9 70.9 68.1 60.0 48.4 36.2 51.1 07 08 35.7 30.4 35.9 41.3 52.4 61.9 71.0 69.3 62.7 57.2 46.6 40.2 50.4 09 1910 31.5 32.0 37.8 46.9 55.2 62.6 70.4 71.0 66.9 60.4 48.0 36.6 51.6 1880 - May 1834, incl., 1893-1897, incl, one reading per day at no specified time. Nov. 1884 - 1892, incl., 1898-1919, incl., readings at first high water and first low water after 7 a.m. Source - USCFF 45 WOODS > HOLE, MASS. (Continued) Year Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr. May June July Au*. Sept. Oct. Nov. Dec. Ann. 1911 34.6 31.3 33.7 41.3 52.9 62.5 71.0 71.1 66.3 57.8 49.0 41.5 51.1 12 31.6 30.1 34.0 42.3 51.8 65.0 69.4 6$. 5 66.9 60.1 51.5 41.5 51.1 13 39.2 34.1 38.1 45.5 52.9 62.0 69.6 71.6 66.8 60.2 51.2 42.6 52.8 U 33.9 31.1 32.0 42.0 51.8 62.4 66.4 68.6 67.2 60.5 49.1 39.1 50.3 1915 34.4 35.0 36.0 41.8 52.8 60.3 68.0 69.4 67.0 55.3 48.1 38.0 50.5 1916 32.8 31.7 31.0 39.9 49.8 59.0 67.0 68.3 65.7 59.9 50.4 40.1 49.6 17 34.1 30.6 34.6 41.1 48.4 59.7 68.0 71.3 66.6 57.9 47.0 34.8 49.5 18 29.9 30.6 33.0 41.1 54.3 62.3 68.2 71.0 66.7 58.8 51.9 41.3 50.8 19 1920 1921 22 23 24 1925 1926 27 36.4 34.8 38.7 - - - - - - - - - - 32.0 32.6 35.6 42.7 51.0 59.1 66.0 67.8 64.3 59.3 51.4 41.3 50.3 28 35.0 31.3 33.9 42.2 49.9 60.4 67.9 69.8 66.5 58.8 49.2 40.9 50.5 29 1930 34.9 32.3 35.7 43.1 52.0 62.1 68.2 68.0 65.4 54.5 49.2 35.9 50.1 1931 32 39.4 35.8 - 43.5 53.1 62.1 69.1 72.2 67.6 60.5 50.5 41.0 (52.5) 33 39.3 35.7 36.0 43.2 53.9 63.2 67.3 70.2 67.7 60.6 47.3 37.8 51.8 3^ 32.7 29.8 32.5 42.9 52.8 62.4 69.9 69.9 67.8 58.4 47.9 38.9 50.5 1935 30.8 28.6 33.6 39.9 49.8 59.6 67.3 68.3 63.5 56.3 50.1 36.2 48.7 1936 31.2 29.5 37.5 45.2 55.1 63.0 68.2 70.6 67.2 60.5 49.4 39.7 51.4 37 39.8 37.4 37.7 43.4 52.9 62.5 68.2 72.1 66.5 56.6 49.1 40.7 52.2 38 35.9 35.9 37.7 45.0 51.9 60.5 66.9 70.1 64.5 57.2 50.9 39.6 51.3 39 33.3 31.4 34.1 40.6 48.9 59.8 66.0 70.6 65.2 57.4 44.8 36.8 49.1 1940 29.6 29.9 33.4 40.3 51.1 59.1 65.7 67.9 66.4 56.9 47.9 39.2 49.0 1941 42 33.6 30.5 32.3 41.9 52.5 61.1 68.2 69.6 67.0 60.2 51.2 41.8 50.8 43 44 "• — 35.4 42.1 59.2 63.1 70.0 71.8 68.2 59.2 48.0 38.1 (51.8) 1945 32.4 30.6 37.9 48.0 54.5 62.4 70.7 70.7 68.5 59.0 50.5 37.6 51.9 1946 32.9 31.9 39.0 45.3 53.1 61.9 68.4 68.5 66.2 61.2 53.6 42.8 52.1 47 35.8 34.0 36.1 43.5 50.7 61.2 71.8 72.5 69.6 61.0 49.5 38.8 52.0 48 31.1 30.2 35.8 44.6 52.3 60.6 69.5 71.3 68.0 58.3 53.1 43.8 51.6 49 38.6 36.7 - 48.5 55.4 65.4 71.7 72.5 67.9 61.5 52.0 41.9 (54.0) 1950 39.6 36.2 34.0 42.3 50.2 62.0 69.7 71.0 66.3 59.5 53.0 43.0 52.2 1927-1941, readings at 8 a.m., 12 m. and L, p.m. Source - USBF A6 WOODS HOLE, MASS. (Continued) Year Jan. Feb. liar. Apr. May June July Aug. Sept. Oct. Nov. Dec. Ann, 1951 37.0 34.9 38.4 46.7 56.0 63.0 70.6 71.7 70.2 61.4 50.4 41.3 53.5 52 36.1 35.0 36.4 45.2 54.0 65.0 71.9 73.0 68.3 59.4 49.6 42.1 53.0 53 37.1 36.5 38.7 45.6 53.7 63.5 70.1 70.1 69.0 60.3 52.6 46.0 53.6 54 35.8 34.4 38.5 45.4 52.6 63.6 69.8 69.8 65.1 61.5 51.4 40.8 52.1 1955 35.5 32.4 37.3 43.3 53.1 62.2 71.9 73.2 67.6 60.4 50.6 36.8 52.0 1956 32.3 33.8 35.3 41.6 49.8 60.9 68.0 70.1 66.5 58.6 51.7 43.8 51.0 (62) (63) (61) (62) (63) (61) (58) (60) (60) (61) (63) (60) 34.1 32.3 35.3 42.9 52.6 62.0 69.0 70.3 67.0 58.9 49.5 39.7 Mean 34.1 32.3 35.3 42.9 52.6 62.0 69.0 70.3 67.0 58.9 49.5 39.7 51.1 19^4-1956, one reading per day, usually near noon. Source - D3C&GS Ul o Monthly and Annual Mean Surface V/ater Temperatures, F VINEYARD SOUND LIGHTSHIP 0 Ul 23' 02 "N. 0 70 59'01"W, Year Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr. May June July Aug. Sept. Oct. Nov. Dec. Ann. 1878 _ _ 63.6 65-2 6I4.6 59.8 50.5 I42.8 ^^ 79 35.5 33.2 3li.h 39.5 - 57.6 63. U 6U.8 63.3 60.1 I49.2 U3.6 (i49.l4) 1880 - - - - 65.9 - 6I4.5 60.1 U9.5 38.9 - 1881 32.2 31.0 3U.9 37.9 U8.1 56.0 62.7 65.1 63.8 60.0 52.8 _ (U8.9) 82 . 36.7 UO.6 U7.5 55.9 63. h 66.5 63.7 58.8 50.2 I4O.5 (U9.14) 83 33.2 32.0 32.6 38.6 U7.U 60.3 66.I4 65.ti 62.0 5U.2 _ - (U8.7) 8U 30.6 3U.5 3li.0 39.1) U7.5 55.2 60.6 63.9 63.2 57.6 U9.5 I42.2 U8.2 1885 36.ii 31.2 31.7 37.6 U7.2 56.0 6U.6 66.h 60.U 56.0 51.2 Ul.8 U8.I4 1886 3U.6 30.3 33.2 lil.O 50.2 56.8 62.h 63. h 61.8 59.7 51.6 U2.2 I48.9 87 35.6 35.5 35.3 39.1 U8.7 57.2 65.6 66.7 63.6 58.9 50.5 I4I4.3 50.1 88 35.9 32.5 33.0 39.0 U7.3 55.14 61.1 63.8 62 .I4 55.0 50.2 I42.2 U3.2 89 Uo.l 35.8 36.3 UO.8 h9.9 57.3 62.8 65.5 63.8 56.5 51.7 U5.0 50.U 1890 a.5 38.8 37.8 U2.6 50.1 58.1 63.3 65.2 63.9 58.0 U9.5 39.6 50.7 1891 3U.li 35.1 36.0 1;2.U U9.9 56.6 61.2 65.5 6U.9 58.1J I49.2 U3.7 U9.8 92 39.3 33.7 33.U 39.3 li7.U 57.2 63.3 66.7 6U.3 57.2 50.1 I4O.9 U9.1* 93 31.9 31.0 31.6 38.1 U6.3 57.3 61.9 65.14 62.5 57.8 51.8 U2.3 148.2 9h 37.5 33.3 35.3 38.9 !:8.5 56.2 63.1 6U.2 62.9 58.7 50.5 I42.2 U9.3 1895 36.1 31.2 32.7 38.3 U6.0 57.0 61.9 6U.2 62. U 55.8 U9.2 I4O.9 U8.0 1896 3U.7 32.0 32.3 37.2 h7.6 56.0 61.5 _ ^ 5I4.8 50.2 lil.l (I48.O) 97 30.U 32.7 38.6 h7.1 5li.5 62.8 6U.3 61.5 56.3 U9.6 42.3 (I48.O) 98 _ 32.3 35.3 39.7 U5.7 53.3 61.3 65.2 63.6 58.8 52.1 ai.7 (I48.8) 99 37.3 33.1 35.1 ljO.3 U8.0 58.3 - _ 63 .I4 58.6 52.I4 - (U9.7) 1900 - 35.6 3U.U liO.l us.a 56.2 63.7 66.5 65.8 60.9 53.8 l4i4.6 (50.5) 1901 38.2 35.5 33.9 liO.a „ 55.2 63.0 65.2 614.1 59.2 50.0 I4I.I I49.5 02 35.2 33.1 36.0 li2.7 50.5 56.6 61.5 63.9 63.5 59.3 53.0 li2.7 I49.8 03 36.5 3U.7 38.1 _ 52.9 56.2 61.8 62.7 61.5 59.0 51.6 li2.9 U9.8 OU 33.7 30.9 31.9 37.6 U8.7 57.0 63.7 6I4.6 61.6 57.6 I49.I4 38.8 I48.O 1905 33.8 30.3 33.2 38.9 U7.5 56.8 63.0 614.3 61.6 57.3 50.0 liO.h U8.1 1906 38.5 ^ ^ Ul.3 U8.0 57.0 6U.7 6I4.O 62.0 58.9 U8.9 39.3 (U9.3) 07 36.1 30.1 32.2 37.0 U2.7 51.0 59.9 63.2 6I.I4 55.6 I48.9 U2.1 I46.7 08 38.6 33.9 » _ _ 57.8 6li.6 66.2 61.9 58.3 _ - (l4?.7) 09 37.3 35.5 36.7 Ul.5 U9.7 56.2 61.8 65.0 62.I4 58.2 50.3 39.9 I49.6 1910 36.0 3U.2 36.2 U3.6 51.5 58.3 63.3 65.9 - - - - - (27) (29) (29) (29) (20) (31) (32) (30) (31) (32) (30) (28) Mean 36.0 33.1 3l4.'a 39.7 h8.2 56.5 62.9 65.0 63.0 58.0 50.6 I4I.8 I49.I Sow & Pigs Reef Readings at first high water and first low water after 7 a.m. Source - USCFF 48 o Monthly and Annual Mean Surface Water Temperatures, F NEV;PORr, RHODE ISLAND Ul 29«N. 71 19»W. Year Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr. May June July Aug. Sept. Oct. Nov. Dec. Ann. 1881 - - - - 52.1 60.U 67.7 68.3 66.7 60.3 5l.U U3.9 - 82 37.2 36.5 39.9 - U9.2 - 68.3 70. U 66.0 59.9 h9,U 38.U - 83 33.8 33.8 35.6 _--- (2) (2) (2) (0) (2) (1) (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) Mean 35.5 35.2 37.8 - 50.6 60.1i 68.0 69.U 66.U 60.1 50.U Ul.2 - South side of Commercial Wharf, inner harbor. Readings at 2 p.m. ffashington time. Source - USCFF U3 Monthly and Annual Meam Surface Water Temperatures, F BRENTON'S RKEF 41°25 .6 •N. 71°22.6 'W. Tear Jan . Feb. Mar. Apr. May June July Auk. Sept. Oct. Nov. Dec. Ann. 1878 66.1 66.5 66.2 60.4 50.6 43.1 . 79 36.3 34.4 35.1 40.0 51.0 59.0 66.5 67.3 64.9 61.7 50.3 43.9 50.9 1880 40.5 39.0 40.9 43.4 52.1 62.0 68.2 68.0 65.7 60.5 51.7 41.5 52.8 1881 34.5 33.6 35.9 39.9 50.1 58.0 65.3 66.3 65.7 61.1 53.9 46.3 50.9 82 40.5 38.1 39.3 42.0 47.8 57.6 64.6 68.3 65.9 60.5 52.1 42.0 51.6 83 36.2 34.2 35.8 41.1 49.4 61.0 67.1 66.6 63.7 57.2 50.7 42.7 50.5 84 35.5 35.3 35.7 40.6 49.3 57.2 61.5 65.3 64.5 58.7 49.9 43.5 49.8 1885 39.0 34.3 34.7 39.7 49.2 57.7 66.6 68.5 63.2 58.6 52.8 43.9 50.7 1886 36.6 33.9 ^ 42.2 51.4 59.1 64.1 64.9 65.4 59.8 52.7 42.9 (50.8) 87 35.1 35.1 36.4 40.1 50.7 59.5 67.6 68.1 63.7 59.1 50.9 44.3 50.9 88 37.5 34.1 34.0 38.6 48.4 58.7 63.1 65.0 63.1 54.9 50.1 43.8 49.3 89 u.o 37.9 37.7 41.7 52.8 60.2 65.9 66.9 65.7 57.4 51.5 46.0 52.1 1890 43.6 40.7 38.9 42.5 51.2 57.8 65.1 66.6 65.6 - 51.5 42.5 (52.0) 1891 37.4 37.8 38.2 45.1 48.9 59.0 64.3 67.3 66.3 58.5 49.7 44.9 51.3 92 39.9 36.5 35.1 42.0 49.4 59.0 65.8 67.8 65.1 57.5 49.7 41.5 50.8 93 33.6 - 35.2 40.7 49.9 60.4 64.5 68.1 64.1 59.0 51.3 42.4 (50.8) 94 39.4 - 38.9 42.2 51.6 58.4 65.8 66.3 64.8 59.5 50.6 - (51.1) 1895 36.7 - 36.3 41.8 50.1 61.9 65.7 67.3 64.8 57.1 50.9 43.3 (50.9) 1896 38.2 36.3 35.9 41.4 49.9 60.0 64.7 67.5 63.7 57.2 52.6 42.3 50.8 97 37.6 35.7 37.7 42.6 50.8 58.0 66.8 68.0 65.0 58.8 52.6 45.4 51.6 98 40.6 36.2 38.2 41.8 49.3 57.5 65.3 67.4 64.5 58.2 49.3 41.2 50.8 99 37.1 33.6 35.5 41.9 49.4 60.3 65.5 67.7 64.8 57.8 51.9 45.0 50.9 1900 38.2 35.8 35.5 40.9 48.8 58.3 63.4 67.2 65.7 59.6 51.6 42.7 50.6 1901 36.7 31.3 33.8 38.7 47.8 55.4 63.3 64.9 61.4 53.9 44.1 36.5 47.3 02 32.6 30.5 32.6 38.2 46.5 52.8 58.0 62.4 64.1 59.7 52.4 42.2 47.7 03 37.7 35.9 39.7 44.2 52.7 57.5 61.8 63.6 63.4 54.5 45.8 40.4 49.8 04 34.7 31.9 33.3 38.8 51.3 59.0 65.5 66.2 64.2 57.6 48.9 39.7 49.3 1905 35.4 32.4 34.7 40.2 47.5 58.2 64.8 66.0 62.0 56.7 47.1 40.5 48.8 1906 36.4 34.6 34.5 43.1 50.4 59.2 64.5 66.6 63.8 59.1 52.0 42.2 50.5 07 36.8 33.4 43.3 38.0 45.0 53.7 62.9 64.1 61.8 55.7 50.1 43.8 48.3 08 40.8 35.3 36.8 41.6 49.9 60.4 66.5 67.3 63.8 60.6 52.9 45.1 51.8 09 38.1 36.8 37.8 42.8 50.5 58.4 63.7 66.5 64.0 59.5 51.5 42.1 51.0 1910 35.6 34.2 36.0 44.3 52.4 58.4 66.0 67.2 65.4 60.6 52.0 41.3 51.1 1911 37.3 34.9 35.8 39.9 48.1 59.2 66.4 67.5 64.8 58.6 52.5 45.9 50.9 12 37.4 34.8 35.6 40.1 49.2 58.0 64.3 65.9 64.1 59.2 53.6 46.0 50.7 13 42.5 39.8 39.0 44.2 51.0 59.1 65.1 67.5 64.4 60.4 53.7 46.8 52.8 14 38.7 34.7 34.7 47.3 49.5 57.6 63.1 65.4 63.3 59.1 51.9 42.7 50.7 1915 37.2 36.0 37.7 42.6 50.1 58.6 64.5 66.4 65.1 57.5 52.1 43.4 50.9 Through 12 May, 1925 readings made at 1st high water and first low water. From 13 May, 1925, " " " 8 a.m. and 6 pn. 50 Brenton's Reef, Continued Year Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr. May June July Aufi . Sept. Oct. Nov. Dec. Ann. 1916 38.3 36.0 33.9 37.8 46.2 56.5 62.5 64.8 62.4 57.2 51.2 42.7 49.1 17 37.6 33.7 34.5 39.1 44.2 55.2 62.4 66.6 61.6 55.7 48.7 39.1 48.2 18 30.7 29.7 32.3 38.3 48.8 57.3 62.7 65.5 63.3 56.0 51.7 43.6 48.3 19 39.1 38.1 37.5 40.8 46.5 54.0 58.6 61.1 59.7 59.6 51.1 43.6 49.1 1920 36.1 31.0 33.8 39.4 46.8 56.3 61.7 65.7 62.6 56.4 47.9 41.4 48.2 1921 36.8 37.2 39.6 46.1 52.2 57.6 62.3 63.2 61.9 56.4 51.0 43.1 50.6 22 38.0 34.7 34.9 41.0 49.0 59.6 66.5 65.7 65.6 58.8 49.9 41.6 50.4 23 35.5 33.6 33.3 38.7 47.2 56.2 64.2 63.4 62.5 55.4 49.2 44.8 48.7 24 38.8 34.7 34.8 39.3 47.2 53.8 59.1 63.3 63.6 59.0 52.0 43.7 49.1 1925 37.4 35.7 38.5 42.9 49.8 58.8 64.6 64.9 63.7 57.0 49.2 43.0 50.4 1926 38.0 34.3 35.1 39.2 47.1 54.5 62.4 65.2 63.0 58.6 51.8 43.1 49.4 27 38.3 37.1 36.9 41.5 49.4 58.4 64.4 65.8 63.2 60.3 55.2 47.8 51.5 28 42.8 38.7 38.7 42.2 /.8.8 57.4 61.8 64.7 64.4 58.9 52.3 45.5 51.4 29 39.4 36.5 38.3 43.2 47.9 59.4 63.6 66.2 66.3 59.6 54.3 45.1 51.6 1930 41.5 39.4 41.4 46.0 53.4 60.5 66.9 67.9 67.5 61.3 53.1 46.6 53.8 1931 40.7 37.6 38.5 44.9 52.9 61.7 68.3 69.5 66.8 61.7 54.8 48.6 53.8 32 44.3 42.7 41.7 44.6 52.2 59.8 65.9 69.7 65.2 61.0 54.7 57.6 54.1 33 43.7 40.6 40.2 43.5 50.2 60.8 65.2 68.3 66.1 60.6 51.9 44.3 53.0 34 39.3 35.3 36.0 42.2 48.7 59.8 67.1 67.7 67.7 61.2 54.0 46.2 52.1 1935 40.0 37.0 38.7 43.1 50.0 59.9 67.7 68.$ 65.3 60.8 55.7 46.0 52.8 1936 38.5 33.3 _ _ . . 65.3 67.6 65.6 60.5 52.5 43.6 (51.1) 37 42.7 40.0 39.5 43.3 51.3 61.7 66.7 69.4 - 57.4 52.7 45.6 (52.9) 38 39.7 38.3 38.7 43.5 51.5 60.1 - - 64.3 59.2 53.7 45.0 (52.1) 39 39.0 36.4 37.4 42.2 48.7 - - 70.9 65.0 60.4 50.9 43.7 (51.5) 1940 36.6 34.3 34.2 39.7 49.2 57.9 63.9 66.5 61.6 55.2 48.6 41.7 49.1 1941 36.2 32.6 33.6 40.3 47.9 56.3 64.3 64.8 61.7 57.0 49.7 41.2 48.8 42 32.5 - - - 50.4 61.5 65.2 66.2 64.6 59.7 - 39.6 (50.4) 43 37.5 ~ ~ ~ — — ~ ~ "" ~ ^ ^ ^ Mean 1878 1943 (64) (60) (61) (62) (63) (62) (63) (64) (64) (64) (64) (64) 38.1 35.6 36.5 41.6 49.5 58.4 64.6 66.5 64.3 58.6 51.4 43.5 50.7 Source - U3CFF, USBF, USFIBB 51 Monthly And Annual Mean Surface V/ater Temperatures, F NEl^^ LONDON J , CONTffiCTICUT 0 41 21'12"N. 0 72 05 '31"W. Year Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr. May June July Aug. Sept. Oct. Nov. Dec. Ann. 1873 7U 1375 3li.6 32.6 - h2.5 56.); 65.5 - 68.); 70.1; 67.3 59.0 50. b 10.7 - 1876 77 78 79 1880 35.6 3l*.3 39.5 35.8 33.9 38.2 39.1 U2.1 38.3 Ul.2 U6.U 50.1 li5.6 U8.0 55.2 58.0 59.3 66. I4 65.2 66.0 67.1; 70.1; 72.1; 71.3 73.1 71;. 0 71.6 70.3 71.7 68.5 69.3 67.0 68.1 59.3 61.1 62.6 60.9 1;9.0 U9.3 U9.1; 1;9.1 12.1 hO.O i;2.2 39.0 (53.U) 51;. 2 (53.1) 5U.7 1381 82 83 8U 1385 3U.3 38.1; 35.1 35.0 36.3 33.6 35.9 35.0 36.0 33.2 39.0 37.U 33.7 35.6 U2.2 U6.2 li7.1 1;6.6 U7.0 56.9 53.8 55.0 56.3 5li.9 61;. 5 68.3 63.1 6U.U 72.5 71.2 70.3 70.2 70.8 72.2 72.2 70.6 71.9 71.U 69.1 68.5 66.5 65.6 60.7 60.6 58.!; 60.3 51.7 50.U 51.2 1;9.6 uu.u 39.3 i;1.3 53.); (53.U) 53.0 (52.7) (52.6) 1336 87 3U.9 33.)i 35.1 36.9 37.1 U9.9 U5.2 55.9 59.3 63. U 66.2 70.6 71;. 9 70.5 72.9 68.6 66.1 60.0 59.1 51.2 U8.8 33.3 U3.2 52.3 (53.7) Mean (10) 35.8 (11) 3li.8 (10) 38.5 (12) U6.J4 (11) 56.6 (11) 65.9 (11) 71.6 (13) 71.1; (11) 67.7 (11) 60.2 (11) 50.0 (10) hl.l 53.3 Custom House Wliarf, 150 feet from shore. March '77 " " 300 " " " Readings at 2 p.m. 75th meridian time. Source - USCFF 52 Monthly and Annual Mean Surface Water Temperatures, °F BARTLETTS REEF 410K i.3'N. 72^0 7.8'W. Year Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr. May June July Aug. Sept. Oct. Nov. Dec. Ann. 1878 65.8 66.4 61.7 49.7 42.0 79 33.4 32.1 33.4 36.9 46.1 54.5 - - - - - - - 1880 - - - - 48.8 58.1 65.1 66.5 65.8 60.8 52.4 41.7 (50.6) 1881 33.7 30.5 33.5 37.5 46.4 54.9 62.2 65.1 64.8 60.5 53.0 45.3 49.0 82 38.4 35.3 37.1 39.9 45.7 54.6 61.8 65.8 65.0 59.8 51.1 40.2 49.6 83 34.0 31.8 32.5 38.2 46.3 55.8 64.1 65.0 63.3 57.8 50.5 a.4 48.4 84 33.8 33.5 34.0 39.2 46.8 55.8 62.0 64.7 65.6 59.8 50.5 43.0 49.0 1885 36.9 31.8 31.7 37.6 45.1 55.9 63.2 67.8 65.5 60.0 54.0 44.7 49.5 1886 37.3 34.3 34.8 41.1 49.0 56.9 63.0 65.3 66.2 61.5 53.7 43.7 50.6 87 36.4 35.5 36.1 39.8 48.1 56.8 65.0 68.2 65.2 60.5 52.0 45.2 50.7 88 37.7 33.4 33.7 38.0 45.4 55.5 61.5 64.5 63.4 57.2 51.4 43.9 48.8 89 41.3 38.0 38.5 41.6 49.2 57.6 64.0 65.9 65.8 58.3 52.6 46.8 51.6 1890 43.8 40.6 39.3 43.2 50.0 57.4 64.4 66.6 65.3 59.8 51.6 42.7 52.0 1891 37.0 37.0 37.9 42.4 47.9 55.9 62.3 66.2 66.2 60.5 51.5 45.7 50.9 92 40.7 37.0 35.5 40.3 47.3 56.4 63.1 67.0 66.2 59.0 51.2 42.9 50.6 93 33.7 31.9 33.6 39.0 46.2 55.2 63.2 65.3 64.5 60.2 53.1 44.1 49.2 94 39.7 36.3 37.5 41.2 48.7 56.7 63.5 66.3 65.4 61.0 52.5 44.6 51.1 1895 38.4 32.5 34.5 40.2 47.4 57.2 63.8 66.4 65.7 59.4 52.3 44.4 50.2 1896 38.4 35.8 35.2 40.4 48.5 56.9 63.5 67.2 65.1 M 53.4 45.4 (50.8) 97 38.4 34.6 36.4 42.0 48.2 56.0 64.4 68.2 66.1 60.7 53.6 45.8 51.2 98 40.1 - 38.8 - 47.8 56.7 62.7 - - 60.7 52.6 - (50.8) 99 37.4 - - 40.6 48.3 57.0 62.6 66.4 66.3 60.0 53.5 46.5 (50.7) 1900 39.4 36.1 35.6 41.0 47.4 56.5 63.3 67.0 67.2 62.7 54.7 45.9 51.4 1901 39.6 34.0 34.4 39.8 48.1 56.2 63.8 66.0 66.9 60.8 51.0 41.3 50.2 02 37.0 34.4 36.7 41.3 48.6 55.2 61.0 65.2 65.1 61.5 54.2 44.3 50.4 03 37.8 35.5 38.9 43.5 49.0 53.8 59.3 61.9 61.4 57.3 50.4 40.2 49.1 04 33.0 31.2 31.4 36.2 44.1 52.8 59.2 62.3 61.3 55.1 47.8 38.6 46.1 1905 1906 33.6 29.4 35.6* 31.6 37.4 43.3 51.1 59.0 62.0 61.1 56.2 48.0 41.7 46.2 Mean 1878 1906 (26) (25) (25) (25) (27) (27) (26) (26) (26) (26) (27) (26) 37.3 34.3 35.3 39.9 47.3 55.8 62.7 65.7 65.0 59.7 51.9 43.5 49.9 N.B. Data up to June, 1903, looks unusually good in the original. From June, 1903, on the readings appear to be consistently too low, possibly because of broken mercury column. * Incomplete obs. Readings at first high water and first low water after 7 a.m. Source - USCFF 1)3 o Monthly and Annual Mean Surface Water Temperatures, F o o NEW HAVEN, CONNECTICUT Ul 18 'N. 72 5U'W. Year Jem. Feb. Mar. Apr. May June July Aug. Sept, Oct. Nov. Dec. Ann. 60.0 U8.6 UO.O - 60.0 16.3 3U.1; - 55.5 - 35.8 - 58.9 U5.8 37.5 - 59.6 U8.U 36.U 51.8 1886 32.5 32.6 35.8 k9.h 56.8 65.3 71.0 - - - - - - (5) (5) (I) (3) (6) (li) (5) (5) (U) (5) (U) (5) Mean 32. U 32.1i 3U.8 U6.6 56.2 65.5 72.8 73.1* 67.9 58.8 U7.3 36.8 1881 • _ _ _ 58.9 62.9 71.3 73.U 70.1 82 33.7 3li.3 - - 53.2 - 73.1 7U.2 68.5 83 31.0 31.6 35.0 U5.U 57.7 68.9 73.8 72.3 65.8 8U 31.1 33.0 35.5 - 56.3 - . 72.U - 1885 33.8 30.5 32.9 U5.0 5U.0 6U.9 7U.9 7U.5 67.2 Harbor frozen over 22 Feb. to 8 March, 1883. Wharf near mouth of Quinnipiac River in harbor. Readings at 2 p.m., Washington time Source - USCFF 54 0 Monthly and Annual Mean Surface Water Tenperatures, F STRATFORD ; SHOAL LIGHTHOUSE 0 Ui oU'K I. 73 0 06'W. Year Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr. May J\ine July Aug. Sept. Oct. Nov. Dec. Ann. 1878 79 1880 - - 3U.9 - - 60.3 63.0 68.3 71.3 70.0 70.3 68.9 6U.8 53.0 53.8 UO.6 - 1381 82 83 8U 1385 33.2 38.U 3U.3 3U.U 36.6 31.0 3U.6 32.0 32.7 30.9 31;. 3 36.7 32.9 33.U 31.U 38.3 UO.8 39.7 Uo.i 37.0 U8.6 U7.3 U9.5 U9.1 U6.7 53. U 58.U 59.U 53.3 55.8 65.1 65.7 67.6 6U.3 66.U 68.U 68.6 69.2 68.7 70.U 68. U 69.0 68.2 69.6 63.2 66.6 6U.0 61.2 6U.3 63. U 56.U 53.9 52.3 53.3 5U.5 U6.6 Ul.6 U3.0 U3.6 U2.7 51.3 51.6 50.3 51.0 50.3 1886 87 88 89 1890 35.1 33.6 3U.5 38.2 Ul.3 31.8 32.7 30.5 3U.U 38.U 3?.U 32.3 31.1 35.2 36.9 lil.O 37.5 37.2 UO.U Ul.6 U9.U U6.2 U9.8 50.1 58.1 57.0 59.7 59.0 6U.6 67.9 63.2 67.3 65.5 69.2 72,3 68.3 70. U 68.9 69.2 67. U 67.2 69.2 63.9 63.7 61.0 59.0 60.0 63.8 5U.2 50.3 51.6 52.6 53 .U UO.9 (50.3) U3.0 50.5 U2.6 U9.0 U5.6 51.9 U2.6 52.6 1891 92 93 3li.5 39.3 32.3 3U.5 3U.7 30.1 35.5 3li.l 31.9 Ul.O 38.7 38.0 U8.5 U7.2 U6.8 57.7 57.9 56.6 6U.0 65.9 65.0 69.1 70.7 69.3 70.0 69.7 63.U 6U.2 62.9 62.3 52.5 52.7 53.8 U5.5 U2.2 U3.5 51.U 51.3 U9.3 Mean (13) 35.9 (13) 32.9 (Hi) 33.8 (13) 39.3 (12) U8.3 (lU) 58.6 (lU) 65.3 (15) 69.6 (15) 68.9 (lA) 62,9 (15) 53.2 (U) U3J. 51^ Readings at first high water and first low water after 7 a.m. Source - USCFF 55 Monthly and Annua] Mean Surface Water Temperatures, F BLOCK ISLAND, S.E. LIGHT 4P09'N 71°33'W Year Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr. May June July Au^. Sept. Oct. Nov. Dec. Ann. 1878 67.0 58.9 79 - - - - 57.6 65.8 - 66.5 - - - - 1880 42.0 - - - 55.8 63.5 68.2 68.2 65.6 59.1 46.1 38.8 - 1881 32.4 31.9 35.3 40.0 57.0 64.6 64.8 63.9 60.6 49.6 mm (49.2) 82 38.8 37.4 39.2 41.8 46.3 58.1 66.1 69.3 66.3 58.8 47.7 39.1 50.7 83 - - 37.4 45.6 56.6 - 64.4 62.0 54.4 - 42.4 (48.8) 84 - - 37.0 43.3 51.2 60.2 63.1 64.8 63.6 57.3 49.5 41.4 50.3 1885 38.2 - - 40.7 47.0 57.2 66.7 69.6 63.8 58.8 51.6 40.6 (50.6) 1886 36.5 34.6 37.5 43.1 46.3 59.4 67.0 66.3 64.8 59.4 53.2 42.6 50.9 87 35.1 36.5 37.7 45.6 55.3 59.6 68.2 69.6 63.8 57.5 50.7 42.9 51.9 88 - - - 40.4 48.8 60.1 65.7 66.8 63.0 53.9 48.4 41.3 (49.8) 89 41.1 38.4 40.7 44.5 56.7 60.3 66.4 68.7 65.5 55.9 49.4 43.8 52.6 1890 40.7 40.9 39.9 47.2 51.0 62.3 68.0 67.3 65.4 57.5 47.4 38.0 52.1 1891 36.7 36.9 39.0 44.1 50.8 61.8 64.0 67.7 65.8 57.9 46.8 42.6 51.2 92 38.5 36.1 36.5 43.7 51.0 60.2 67.1 69.3 65.8 56.2 46.7 37.9 50.8 93 - - 36.0 42.0 47.9 59.7 67.0 66.8 62.3 55.6 48.4 40.8 (49.9) 94 38.0 - 39.8 42.7 54.2 61.5 66.0 65.9 63.6 60.4 49.0 41.4 (51.5; 1895 36.1 - 39.0 43.1 53.0 62.5 67.1 68.7 62.5 52.5 46.6 39.1 (50.4) 1896 33.1 » 33.5 41.8 50.8 57.8 64.9 66.5 61.9 53.9 47.8 39.6 (48.9) 97 - 33.2 36.4 43.2 47.9 59.4 65.8 67.6 62.2 54.4 48.7 39.2 (49.6) 98 - - - 40.8 45.8 - - 67.4 64.3 54.9 - 37.1 - 99 - - - - 60.1 63.9 65.2 62.1 55.0 - 48.4 - 1900 36.5 34.7 35.9 43.9 48.6 56.9 64.2 67.9 66.4 57.8 46.5 39.1 49.9 1901 35.3 _ 33.7 38.2 49.2 53.9 62.1 63.9 62.9 55.8 41.4 39.7 (47.8) 02 - 33.6 38.4 44.4 51.6 58.2 63.3 66.9 65.6 59.5 53.1 42.2 (51.2) 03 36.6 36.9 43.0 46.0 55.6 56.9 65.3 64.6 63.0 58.8 49.4 36.9 51.1 04 - - 34.1 40.4 50.4 60.2 65.1 68.6 64.2 57.7 46.1 35.2 (49.5) 1905 33.5 30.5 35.1 42.0 47.5 57.2 65.7 66.9 65.6 56.6 47.4 41.8 49.2 1906 . ^ . 44.6 52.1 58.4 63.3 68.3 65.9 59.8 48.3 40.4 . 07 - - - — - - - 63.4 62.6 54.9 48.3 39.2 - 08 36.8 31.3 34.9 40.4 47.9 58.2 65.6 64.8 63.0 58.7 47.9 ~ (49.2) Mean 1878 (18) (14) (21) (26) (27) (28) (27) (30) (30) (30) (26) (27) 1908 37.0 35.2 37.3 42.5 50.2 59.1 65.6 66.9 64.1 57.1 48.3 40.4 50.3 Readings at first high water and first low water after 7 a.m. Source - USCFF 56 Monthly and Annual Mean Surface jVater Temperatures, °F BLOCK ISLAND 41°10.4'N 71°33.4'W Year Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr. May June July Aug. Sept. Oct. Nov. Dec. Ann» 1881 - - - - 49.8 58.4 65.6 67.2 65.6 58.0 50.1 44.6 - 82 37.8 36.4 - - 48.2 - 64.2 67.4 65.5 59.1 49.7 39.6 - 83 34.0 34.2 35.4 42.1 50.8 59.1 - 66.5 63.6 55.8 49.7 40.9 (49.7) 84 34.4 36.8 37.2 - 50.6 59.2 64.6 66.8 - 57.8 48.6 41.5 (50.4) 1885 - - 33.9 41.6 49.4 57.5 66.2 68.3 63.2 57.7 50.9 41.1 (50.0) 1886 35.4 32.6 35.0 42.5 51.1 59.0 64.7 66.2 66.0 59.0 50.0 40.7 50.2 Mean (4) (4) (4) (3) (6) (5) (5) (6) (5) (6) (6) (6) 35.4 35.0 35.4 42.1 50.0 58.6 65.1 67.1 64.8 57.9 49.8 41.4 50.3 Government Wharf - Main Road Readings at 2 p.m., lashington time, Source - USCFF 57 Monthly and Annual ikean Surface Water Temperatures, F FIRE ISLaT.'J lighthouse, N.Y. 40037'57"N. 75°13'09"W. Year Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr. V.ay June July Aug. Sept. Oct. Nov. Dec. Ann. 1878 . - - _ _ _ 70.8 71.9 69.6 61./. 47.2 38.2 - 79 31.4 31.5 39.9 45.7 61.0 66.6 - - - _ _ _ _ 1880 _ - - _ _ _ 71.7 70.8 67.3 59.0 46.5 35.1 - 44.5 56.4 62.3 70.0 69.0 69.2 61.0 53.1 43.0 52.7 44.9 52.6 63.7 70.3 72.6 69.4 60.8 48.4 36.4 52.7 44.1 53.4 66.4 71.0 69.7 65.2 58.3 48.6 38.7 52.0 46.3 55.7 64.9 67.5 70.4 68.3 60.6 47.9 39.5 52.7 45.5 53.4 61.5 70.8 72.8 65.6 57.9 46.3 37.8 - 1886 34.1 33.3 37.4 ------ ---- 87 - 35.1 37.2 45.8 59.4 64.2 69.7 72.5 65.0 57.2 - - - (7) (7) (7) (7) (7) (7) (8) (8) (8) (8) (7) (7) Mean 33.8 34.7 38.9 45.2 56.0 64.2 70.2 71.2 67.4 59.5 48.3 38.4 52.3 Readings at first high water and first low water after 7 a.m. Source - USCFF 1881 31.1 33.9 39.0 82 36.7 35.9 40.8 83 34.5 36.1 37.4 84 33.2 37.3 40.8 1885 36.0 - - 58 Monthly and Annual Mean Surface A'ater Tanperatures, °F FIRE ISLAND LIGHTSHIP 40^29 'N. 73°11'',V. Year Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr. May June July Aug. Sept. Oct. Nov. Dec. Ann. 1925 - - - - - to. 7 66.8 67.0 64.9 55.2 46.7 41.6 - 1926 35.8 31.3 33.3 39.1 49.6 58.3 68.3 69.0 65.4 60.7 52.5 42.6 50.5 27 36.2 35.8 37.7 40.4 49.4 58.8 66.4 68.2 67.4 63.2 54.3 47.3 52.1 28 41.8 38.6 39.6 43-5 50.5 60.5 63.9 70.5 67.6 61.9 54.3 46.9 53.3 29 41.5 37.4 39.7 43.9 50.4 62.4 - 69.2 65.6 59.6 54.3 44.8 (53.1) 1930 39.8 36.6 38.3 43.0 51.5 60.2 67.4 67.5 68.2 59.3 53.4 44.0 52.4 1931 36.8 34.2 35.5 40.5 48.0 58.6 67.1 68.3 67.9 62.6 52.5 46.4 51.5 32 41.7 40.5 37.4 ------ ____ 33 - - - - 54.1 62.8 68.4 71.2 68.7 62.3 52.5 44.9 - 34 39.1 - 33.6 41.7 51.2 - 72.2 70.0 68.3 63.1 54.3 46.4 (53.0) 1935 41.1 34.9 37.6 42.6 51.5 61.3 71.9 72.0 66.4 59.5 56.3 46.3 52.6 1936 38.4 32.6 37.1 42.7 52.7 62.7 70.8 71.6 67.6 62.5 53.4 45.2 53.1 37 43.0 39.8 39.4 40.5 52.4 63.2 70.7 72.8 67.7 60.2 52.6 45.7 54.0 38 - 38.9 38.9 45.6 52.4 62.0 69.8 71.8 65.1 60.4 56.4 46.9 (54.0) 39 41.9 38.8 40.2 43.5 50.9 64.8 70.1 74.7 69.5 63.8 53.2 46.6 54.8 1940 37.4 34.6 35.8 39.3 49.2 58.8 - - - _ _ - - (13) (13) (U) (13) (14) (14) (13) (13) (13) (13) (13) (13) Mean 39.6 36.5 37.4 42.0 51.0 61.1 68.8 70.3 67.2 61.0 53.3 45.4 52.8 Readings at 8 a.m. and 6 p.m. Source - U3BF 59 o Monthly and Annual Mean Surface Water Temperatures, F NEW YORK CITY UO U3'N. 7U Ol'W, Year Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr. May June Jul7 Aug. Sept. Oct. Nov. Dec. Ann. 1873 7li 1875 36.2 32.0 33.2 36.0 ho. 3 53.0 67.0 72.9 73.2 69.0 70.9 ^9.h 60.2 UU.8 38.6 38.5 (52.6) 1876 77 78 79 1880 33.7 32.1 37.3 35.U 33.9 3U.3 UO.3 36.3 hl.9 50.2 Ul.8 53.6 58.8 57.9 58.2 62.8 6h.6 66.7 69.2 70.6 72. U 73.8 73.6 73.U 73.6 72.8 67.7 71.8 68.0 69.7 59.3 62.2 63.2 60.3 h7.5 U8.8 U7.9 U8.2 39.5 39.8 hO.7 35.5 (5U.3) 52.9 (53.2) 1881 82 83 8U 1885 30.0 32.2 32.U 31.0 3h.U 32.5 33.6 31.7 35.6 36.0 33.8 ii2.8 liU.O 52.2 56.5 5U.h 65.3 65.0 67.0 65.1 71.7 72.0 7U.0 72.1 73.2 73.7 71.6 73.0 76.5 72. U 70.3 67.2 68.6 63.9 61.7 62.0 52.1 U9.7 U8.6 37.1 39.3 39.8 (52.7) (52.U) (52.1) (52.U) 1886 87 88 89 1390 3U.1 32.3 32.8 iiO.3 32.5 3U.6 32.U 32.2 35.5 35.7 33.6 36.6 U6.6 Ul.6 Ul.7 57.1 5I1.O 57.7 6U.3 68.1 6U.7 72.6 69.7 73.6 75.3 73.2 70.U 72.2 67.6 67.8 68.2 6U.7 58.9 55.8 5U.3 50.8 U7.3 U9.2 50.2 38.0 U0.2 38.0 li2.U 53.5 (52.7) (51.U) (52.0) Mean (12) 33.8 (12) 33.1 (11) 35.8 (10) U3.6 (11) 55.8 (12) 65.3 (11) 72. )4 (lii) 73. I4 (lU) 69.h (13) 60.h (12) U8.3 (13) 39.0 52.6 North River, Pier 13 & Ih, 1873-Oct. 1879 inol., readings at 3 p.m. local time. Nov. 1879-June 1881 incl., " " 1 p.m. " " July 1881-Nov. 1881 incl., " " 2 p.m. " " Feb. 1892-Oct. 188A incl., " " 2:12 p.m." " Feb. 1885-1390, incl., " " 2 p.m. 75th meridian time. SoTorce - U3CFF 60 Monthly and Annual Mean Surface Water Temperatures, F SANDY HOOK LIGHTSHIP UO°26'12"N. 73 5l'I;2"W. Year Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr. May June July Aug. Sept. Oct. Nov. Dec. Ann. 1878 _ « . . _ _ 68.U 71.2 69.5 61.7 51.2 U2.I. . 79 1880 - - - - 56.0 67.1+ 72.1 71.7 70.0 61.8 51.0 ^1.5 - 1881 82 83 8U 1885 3li.l li2.6 36.2 35.7 36.1 33.8 39.5 35.8 3li.9 35.8 36.1 Uo.i 37.3 36.3 35.8 U2.2 Ui.2 U3.9 U2.6 39.8 55.6 50.8 55.0 52.9 U8.5 62.ii 60.6 6U.9 60.8 56.5 70.1 69.2 71.6 66.0 68.6 70.0 72.1 66.8 68.9 71.0 70.5 69.9 65.8 68.3 65.0 63.3 63.2 58.6 60.2 55.7 55.1 53.8 50.7 L8.7 li9.9 U7.1 U3.0 Ul.8 U1.9 U2.2 53. li 5U.1 52.1i 51.U 50.U 1886 87 88 89 1890 36.7 38.2 UO.8 U2.2 U5.8 35.1 39.1 36.2 39.0 U3.1 36.9 39.6 36.2 39.6 ii2.0 U3.9 U3.2 i;2.5 Ui.7 U6.3 52.3 56.0 51.8 57.0 5U.2 61.5 65.7 62.6 63.0 6U.6 69.1 71.I4 67.7 69.2 67.3 71. U 73.9 71.5 69.U 68.8 69.9 68.2 66.6 69.2 6U.9 63.5 60.7 57.2 59.3 59.2 5h.U 52.8 51.9 53.2 50.1 U2.9 U5.5 U3.9 U7.3 Ul.O 53.1 51i.5 52.1i 5U.U 53.9 1891 92 36.1i liO.3 36.6 UO.6 39.5 Uo.o kh.8 hS.9 52.8 51.7 6l.li 5U.3 66.6 67.0 66.9 62.3 50.7 h5.6 52.6 Mean (12) 38.8 (12) 37.5 (12) 38.3 (12) U3.7 (13) 53. U (13) 62.0 (13) 69.0 (13) 70.3 (13) 68.1 (13) 60.5 (13) 51.8 (13) U3.5 53.1 Readings at first high water and first low water after 7 a. Source - DSCFF 61 o Monthly and Annual Mean Surface Water Temperatures, F MBROSE LIGHTSHIP , 0 UO 27, .I'N. 73°U9.U'W. Year Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr. May June Juljr Aug. Sept. Oct. Nov. Dec. Ann. 1937 38 39 19U0 Ul.2 U3.1 37.2 39.9 39.U 35.3 liO.9 hO.U 36.5 U5.6 U3.9 Ul.2 53.7 52.2 50.1 63.3 6U.U 60.6 69.2 69.1 68.1 71.1 7U.9 72. U 69.9 67.9 60.1 62.6 58.1 55.3 52.0 51.3 U5.8 U7.2 U6.0 U5.U ^5U.7) 5U.8 52.0 19lil Ul.3 38.1 36.6 U3.8 52.U 60.9 66.U 69.0 68.0 60.1 52.9 - (53.0) U2 U3 hh 19U5 39.9 36.7 37.8 37.0 Uo.5 51.7 50.9 6U.0 62.0 65.3 67.2 - 68.5 - 53.9 - - 19U6 hi U8 U9 1950 U0.8 U3.3 38.3 3U.5 Ul.7 50.5 50.U 59.7 63.6 67.7 70.3 - 68.8 62.6 59.U U9.8 U7.3 - 1951 52 U3.2 39.1 bl.l 39.7 U3.2 56.2 52.1 63.2 60.2 67.8 72.9 70.0 63.8 - - - 53 5U 1955 Ul.7 38.6 39.6 U3.6 53.2 60.8 68.1 69.6 73.2 70.7 6U.U 53.5 53.9 U7.7 U5.3 - 1956 37.8 36.5 38.1 Ul.6 U9.1 61.2 - - - - - - - Mean (10) Ui.o (10) 38.3 (10) 38.1 (9) U2.8 (12) 51.9 (12) 62.0 (11) 68.1 (6) 72.2 (7) 69.1 (7) 61.7 (8) 5U.1 (8) U6.8 53.8 Readings at 0130, 0730, 1330 and 1930 EST Source - NURC 62 o Monthly ^d Annual Mean Surface Water Temperatures, F SANDY HOOK, , NEW JERSEY U0°28 •N. 7U°01«W • Year Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr, May June July Aug, Sept, Oct. Nov, Dec. Ann. 1881 82 83 8h 1885 32.9 35.2 38.8 38.8 33.5 37.7 3U.3 37.9 37.6 36.7 U5.5 U5.0 U2.6 Uh.7 58.3 53.2 50.0 51.7 53.3 66.6 6U.2 63.0 73.8 69.8 71.6 70,7 75.1 72.9 71.1: 72.0 75.1 71.6 70.0 67.3 70,7 71.^ 62,1 63.9 58. Ij 61.0 61.1: 52,0 52.0 50,9 U8,9 52.9 U5.0 39.0 Uo.i 1:1.7 (53.6) 51.9 (53.0) 53.7 1836 87 88 89 1890 3U.5 32.0 31.8 36.0 33.0 32.0 32.7 3U.6 33.1 39.2 39.U H5.6 U8.0 1*5.9 h8.6 h8.9 59.8 61.0 55.6 62.2 59.9 6h.h 68.7 68,7 70.0 68.5 71,U 77.5 70,3 7h,7 72.1 73.3 73.9 72.7 72,7 72.7 71.7 65.5 66,2 68.7 67.6 62,7 56,1 52,7 51.8 57.0 Ul:,l U8.6 Ul:.l: U6.1j 1:0,5 36.0 38,8 3U,9 (53.2) (53.U) 51.2 53.0 (53.2) 1891 92 93 3ii.O 35.2 29.8 38.3 3li.7 31.3 38.7 36.1 35.6 U9.6 U7.3 U5.3 57.1: 57.9 55.6 68.5 69.1: 68.5 71,1 73.6 71:, 3 7U.8 70.5 69.3 57.1: 55.6 U6.1, U3.9 U0.5 31.3 53.9 52.7 Mean (10) 3U.0 (10) 3U.6 (10) 36.5 (12) U6.1j (13) 56.6 (11) 67.3 (11) 72. U (12) 73.1: (12) 69.2 (12) 58.3 (11) 1:8.2 (10) 39.1 53.0 Government Dock II II Jetty Pier Readings at 2 pm., local time Source - OSCFF 63 o Monthly and Annual Mean Surface Water Temperatures, F BARNEGAT LIGHTSHIP 0 39 h5.8'N. 0 75 56.0'W. Year Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr. May June July Aug. Sept. Oct. Nov. Dec. Ann. 19li7 U8 U9 1950 39.6 U3.5 hh.2 36.1 U2.0 i;2.2 hl.6 39.2 h6.6 hh.l 51.5 55.8 51.6 62.6 67.1 61.6 69.7 7h.3 70.2 70.5 75.h 71.h 70.h 68.7 69.0 61.6 6h.2 62.8 56.0 56.h 56.h 57.7 h9.6 h6.3 U7.7 (5h.6) 56.9 55.1 1951 52 53 Sh 1955 UO.8 U2.6 hh.O Ul.9 Ul.l 39.9 Ul.U lil.7 ho. 2 38.0 ho. 7 hl.5 h2.0 hl.h ho.h U6.6 U7.2 h7.6 h6.9 h3.7 55.8 5h.6 56.0 5h.2 5h.h 65.2 6h.9 62.h 63.1 63. h 71.2 7h.O 72.6 69.1 70.7 7h.6 75.1 73.6 72.1 71.6 70.6 71.5 69.0 62.5 63.1 63.2 6h.7 63.8 5U.3 5h.9 56.1 55.0 5h.7 U6.5 h7.8 hS.l h6.3 h2.8 55.8 56.5 56.6 55.3 (5h.7) 1956 38.3 38.3 38.6 Ul.9 5o.O 62.8 70.7 72.5 - (9) (9) (8) (8) (9) (9) (9) (8) (7) (8) (9) (8) hl.8 hO.O hO.7 h5.6 53.8 63.7 7l.h 73.2 70.1 63.2 55.7 h7.0 Mean hl.8 hO.O hO.7 h5.6 53.8 63.7 71.h 73.2 70.1 63.2 55.7 h7.0 55.5 Readings at 0130, 1730, 1330 and 1930 EST. Source - Nmc 64 0 Uonthly and Annual Uean Surface Water Tenperatures, F ABSECON INLET, NEW 1 JmSEY 0 39 21'59"N. 0 . 74 24'52"W • Year Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr. May June July Aug. Sept. Oct. Nov. Dec. Ann. 1878 . _ _ _ _ 69.7 70.7 . 62.0 49.0 40.6 . 79 33.7 34.8 41.6 46.6 59.9 63.8 68.5 71.9 66.6 65.0 51.0 46.1 54.1 1880 45.2 U.5 47.8 53.7 68.2 75.6 77.2 74.1 73.2 62.2 46.7 34.9 58.6 1881 32.6 33.6 38.5 46.1 58.0 65.0 73.4 73.1 73.4 64.0 54.0 45.4 54.8 82 37.0 36.0 45.3 49.0 53.9 61.8 70.7 72.5 70.8 63.6 52.5 37.5 54.2 83 35.6 36.6 38.8 42.9 54.0 65.8 71.1 66.1 67.6 58.7 47.7 41.0 52.2 6h 34.2 38.5 39.8 47.2 57.7 68.6 71.0 74.4 72.4 66.1 51.8 40.1 55.2 1885 33.5 33.1 37.3 48.2 55.6 66.8 73.1 77.9 70.1 57.8 55.5 41.2 54.2 1886 33.1 33.0 38.7 47.9 54.4 65.5 73.2 71.4 71.4 62.0 50.0 38.9 53.3 87 35.1 38.0 38.9 46.4 59.0 67.4 74.1 75.0 67.4 60.0 48.6 41.6 54.3 88 34.4 35.6 36.2 47.2 56.9 65.2 69.9 72.0 67.5 56.0 50.5 39.7 52.6 89 37.6 34.3 39.1 47.6 58.6 64.6 68.2 65.0 69.6 55.2 51.6 U.7 53.0 1890 43.6 43.0 41.7 48.7 57.1 70.3 75.3 74.5 - 60.2 49.8 39.1 (56.2) 1891 37.8 40.3 40.1 47.8 56.6 67.6 71.5 73.8 73.4 60.8 53.6 41.4 55.4 92 37.6 .37.4 37.1 45.8 57.0 66.3 72.7 75.2 70.5 60.8 47.2 40.5 54.0 93 32.0 34.3 37.8 49.5 56.0 68.2 70.8 73.2 70.1 60.9 49.2 43.6 53.8 94 39.3 38.0 44.9 46.7 58.2 64.5 66.3 70.4 73.5 62.4 50.6 41.7 54.7 1895 34.4 32.0 39.0 48.1 51.5 68.8 76.1 73.7 71.8 58.9 50.7 41.1 53.8 1896 34.6 37.9 36.0 46.8 56.5 64.8 71.9 74.7 70.3 57.9 54.1 - (53.9) (18) (18) (18) (18) (18) (18) (19) (19) (17) (19) (19) (18) 36.2 36.7 39.9 47.6 57.2 66.7 71.8 72.6 70.6 60.8 50.7 41.1 Mean 36.2 36.7 39.9 47.6 57.2 66.7 71.8 72.6 70.6 60.8 50.7 41.1 54.3 Readings at first high water and first low water after 7 a.m. Source - USCFF 65 Monthly and AnnuJil Mean Surface Water Temperatvires, °F ATLANTIC CITY, N.J. 39°21«N. 74°25' W. Year Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr. May June July Aug. Sept. Oct. Nov. Dec. Ann. 1881 ----- 63.4 72.8 71.0 73.3 64.2 53.7 44.0 - 82 38.5 39.1 - - 54.5 - 70.9 72.9 71.1 63.8 52.8 37.9 (54.4) 83 36.1 37.0 39.0 44.8 54.3 66.3 71.3 - 68.0 59.0 47.9 - (53.3) 84 34.4 38.7 40.2 - 57.8 - 71.5 74.7 72.7 66.2 52.0 41.6 (55.2) 85 34.2 33.1 37.4 48.6 56.3 67.1 74.0 78.9 70.5 58.5 55.0 42.0 54.6 1886 33.2 33.1 39.2 48.2 54.8 65.8 73.5 72.7 71.6 - - - (54.8) (5) (5) (4) (3) (5) (4) (6) (5) (6) (5) (5) (4) Mean 35.3 36.2 39.0 47.2 55.5 65.6 72.3 74.0 71.2 62.3 52.3 a.4 = 54.4 1881 - Wharf, Baltic Ave.; November, 1883, Absecomb Inlet; February 1884, Wharf, Atlantic Ave.; September 1885 - Iron Pier - Mass. Ave, Readings at 2 p.m., 75th meridian time. Source - USCFF 66 Monthly and Annual L'ean Surface vjater Teanperatures, °F FIVE F^THOM E-iNK (North East End LL^t) 38°57«45"N. 74°29'34"W. Year Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr. May June July Aug. Sept. Oct. Nov. Dec. Ann. 1904 --- _____ 70.6 61.6 53.0 42.3 - 1905 37.6 - 35.4 43.8 54.2 63.6 71.8 72.5 68.8 63.8 54.8 47.0 - 1906 42.1 39.6 39.4 44.2 54.0 63.0 70.4 75.4 71.5 64.4 - 45.1 - 07 - 36.5 37.6 41.9 50.3 58.1 68.1 70.7 67.5 58.2 51.3 45.0 - 08 42.7 37.8 39.6 46.5 54.5 66.1 70.3 72.8 ----- (3) (3) (4) (4) (4) (4) (4) (4) (4) (4) (3) (4) Meqn 40.8 38.0 38.0 44.1 53.2 62.7 70.2 72.8 69.6 62.0 53.0 44.8 54.1 Readir?:?! at flr=7t high water and first low water after 7 a.m. Source - USBF 67 Monthly and Annual Mean Surface V.'ater Temperatures, F FIVE FATHOM BaNK 38°48'N. 74°36'W. Year Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr. Ma,y June July Aug. Sept. Oct. Nov. Dec. Ann. 1878 79 1880 35.1 35.2 44.1 - 37.3 - 63.1 67.2 74.4 72.5 70.0 72.2 72.1 69.2 71.3 65.6 64.3 49.2 55.6 45.9 44.6 - 1881 82 83 84 1885 33.8 44.1 40.2 37.6 37.6 38.8 38.4 42.7 37.5 39.4 42.0 39.2 37.4 35.2 41.6 45.6 42.6 42.7 40.1 53.4 51.6 51.8 53.6 46.5 64.0 62.0 63.2 62.1 61.1 71.0 70.7 70.3 67.2 70.4 70.0 74.6 70.0 71.1 74.1 73.1 71.9 68.2 70.8 68.4 67.1 65.1 63.1 64.3 62.6 59.6 55.5 54.4 56.3 56.2 50.8 44.2 47.1 47.4 46.0 (55.4) 55.6 53.8 54.2 53.4 1886 87 88 89 1890 38.4 36.6 38.9 38.6 39.6 35.5 42.3 40.1 48.0 44.4 36.9 38.8 35.2 a. 7 42.6 41.5 U.O 43.9 45.5 51.7 53.6 51.0 53.8 53.6 63.6 63.2 64.8 64.2 70.1 73.4 69.6 75.4 72.6 71.8 75.7 72.7 66.8 71.4 72.0 69.2 67.4 68.4 66.0 63.2 60.1 60.0 62.3 57.3 53.2 53.5 53.5 53.3 47.1 46.5 44.7 48.4 45.0 54.5 54.6 52.9 (54.8) (55.8) 1891 92 93 94 1895 39.2 39.3 43.0 36.9 33.2 33.1 43.4 40.2 34.6 39.8 37.2 35.8 41.6 36.2 46.0 43.0 43.1 45.5 41.7 51.3 51.9 56.3 50.8 63.8 63.9 65.3 64.0 64.6 70.4 66.6 73.0 70.8 70.7 73.3 74.9 71.2 74.2 72.4 70.6 71.0 71.9 64.7 60.5 63.5 64.2 63.5 53.1 51.5 55.9 55.3 54.9 48.7 44.1 47.4 49.0 46.7 (55.3) 53.6 (53.8) 56.0 (54.2) 1896 97 98 99 40.3 38.1 41.3 36.1 42.6 38.6 39.0 - 37.0 39.2 42.0 43.3 45.2 45.7 42.9 54.6 54.1 51.9 53.7 63.3 64.0 67.6 69.4 72.3 71.9 68.7 73.2 74.1 72.9 70.6 71.3 61.4 62.5 63.6 55.9 57.0 48.7 42.0 49.7 54.6 (55.0) (55.2) Mean (19) (19) 40.6 37.6 (18) 38.4 (19) 43.3 (18) 52.5 (18) 63.8 (21) 70.8 (20) 72.3 (18) 70.5 (23) 63.4 (19) 54.8 (20) 46.7 54.6 Readings at first high water and first low water after 7 a.m. Source - USCFF 68 Monthly and annual Mean Surface Water Temperatures, °F FIVa FATHOM BANK LIGHTrHIP 38°47eratures, F o o OVERFALLS LIGHTSHIP 38 il*7.9'N. 75 01.4'W. Year Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr. May June July Aug. Sept. Oct. Nov. Dec. Ann. 1905 - - 32.7 A1.6 54.4 65.0 69.2 70.3 69.6 64.2 52.0 44.0 - 1906 40.8 37.6 39.1 - - 63.4 69.9 73.1 70.9 63.5 51.5 41.8 - 07 38.3 31.4 - 44.1 51.7 - - - - - - 39.3 - 08 37.4 32.0 36.1 43.6 53.7 65.6 66.6 70.3 68.0 62.7 50.6 42.8 52.4 09 38.8 38.7 41.0 ------ ___- (4) (4) (4) (3) (3) (3) (3) (3) (3) (3) (3) (4) Mean 38.8 34.9 37.2 43.1 53.3 64.7 68.6 71.2 69.5 63.5 51.4 42.0 53.2 Readings at first high water and first low water after 7 a.m. Source - DSBF 73 o Monthly and Annual Mean Surface Water Temperatures, F WINTER QUARTZh 3II0AT, LIGHTSHIP 0 0 37 57'03"N. 75 05'29"W. Year Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr. May June July Aug. Sept. Oct. Nov. Dec. Ann, 1878 79 1330 37.0 h6.0 35.6 U5.U UO.2 li6.0 kS,6 h8.5 55.3 60.3 62.9 67.8 75.9 71.8 70.2 73.6 73. I4 68.2 72.0 66.7 67.0 67.0 55.9 55.6 57.5 Ii7.9 50.U li3.9 ?5U.9) 58.6 1331 82 83 8U 1835 UU.O 39.U 30.6 36.0 33.3 1^2.3 37.3 36.9 38.0 1^3. U ltO.9 37.2 U2.8 ii7.2 Uh.6 h2.9 5ii.o 52.6 52.5 5U.6 65.3 62.U 6U.2 61.U 73. I4 69.6 70.2 66.3 71.U 75.8 71.2 71.0 73.2 72.5 68.3 71.9 67.2 62.8 61.3 66.2 62.0 55.U 50.0 53.8 52.3 Ui.3 kl.k U3.7 (56.1) 56.0 53.5 53.0 1036 87 88 89 1390 39.0 39.3 U2.2 U8.0 39.3 35.6 39.6 I45.5 39.2 36.0 38.9 U3.2 U3.2 h3.7 U7.7 56. I4 52.5 56.5 55.6 63.9 65.5 62.8 67.I4 73.0 73.6 70.5 69.5 72.2 72.7 7ii.l 65.6 70.U 72.6 70.0 68.3 69.5 66.3 6U.0 60.0 62.9 57.7 53.9 5i;.6 5U.1 51.6 U6.2 U6.1 h3.1 U9.2 h6.2 '55.2 (5h.o) (5h.)4) 56.9 1391 92 93 9U 1895 UO.3 U3.0 33.5 U3.1 U0.7 hl.O 33.2 33.3 U0.)4 3ii.7 U0.7 38.5 36.1 li3.2 37.9 I16.7 hh.2 Ii2.6 U6.7 h5.U 5h.3 5h.5 53.3 57.7 52.9 6U.8 65.0 6U.8 65.0 65.8 70.5 65.9 71.2 67.6 72.9 7U.U 76.5 73.3 69.6 72.U 72.2 71.7 70.3 72.0 72.9 6U.li 63.6 65.0 62.9 53.3 5U.)4 55.8 55.6 ^5.6 U8.6 li3.7 U7.1 U7.2 U6.7 (55.9) 55.0 53.9 56.1 55.1 1896 97 40.5 39.2 37.9 44.7 57.2 66.4 69.1 73.1 69.9 61.9 57.2 - (55.3) 7 ( 98 99 - 39.2 42.4 47.0 53.1 54.3 63.8 66.5 72.9 68.9 72.3 72.7 70.2 72.9 66.1 64.1 56.6 57.4 45.8 50.1 (55.8) (55.9) Mean (16) kO.2 (17) 38.7 (17) 40.0 (16) 45.2 (18) 54.9 (18) 64.8 (18) 70.7 (19) 72.2 (19) 71.2 (18) 64.4 (20) 55.6 (19) 46.5 55.4 Readings at first high water and first low water after 7 a.m. Source - DSCFF 74 o Monthly and Annual Mean Surface vVater Temperatures, F WINTER QUARTi-R LIGHTSHIP 0 37 55.5' 0 'N. 74 56.4' w. Year Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr. May June July Au^. Sept. Oct. Nov. Dec. Ann. 1925 - - - - 54.9 65.4 70.1 73.4 72.4 64.1 51.8 47.2 - 1926 27 28 29 1930 40.4 37.5 43.6 45.6 44.8 40.3 37.5 41.3 40.7 41.8 40.3 39.2 42.7 42.3 42.8 42.0 43.8 49.7 49.4 47.3 49.9 54.1 55.2 56.2 55.4 61.8 64.6 67.0 66.5 72.3 71.0 71.5 72.8 70.8 71.8 74.1 73.1 72.1 67.5 70.0 71.3 71.0 73.0 61.7 65.4 64.9 62.1 63.3 54.4 55.8 56.8 57.9 55.4 44.3 48.3 49.6 48.6 48.2 (53.9) 54.8 57.1 57.1 57.0 1931 32 33 34 1935 41.7 47.5 42.9 44.0 42.8 39.4 43.7 38.7 38.7 38.4 35.8 39.9 38.4 36.4 39.7 40.3 43.5 42.9 42.0 43.6 49.5 51.9 53.0 52.2 52.4 60.2 62.2 62.4 64.3 63.1 70.6 68.7 65.8 74.4 71.5 71.8 72.0 71.3 69.8 73.3 68.0 68.6 72.2 70.4 70.9 62.5 66.7 65.5 65.3 63.0 58.3 56.6 55.7 56.6 58.0 50.4 44.8 48.1 48.8 48.5 54.0 55.5 54.7 55.2 55.4 1936 37 38 39 1940 40.8 46.8 43.6 45.9 a. 9 42.3 42.1 43.7 37.1 37.1 42.1 42.6 44.6 39.6 45.2 45.4 48.5 48.4 43.4 56.5 56.1 55.8 53.0 52.7 66.7 67.6 64.1 66.5 64.6 72.1 74.9 69.9 70.2 74.5 74.6 73.9 76.0 70.1 69.4 69.5 72.7 65.4 62.3 62.1 66.9 58.0 55.7 57.6 57.7 48.5 46.7 50.8 49.6 (56.3) 57.0 56.7 57.9 Uean (15) 43.3 (14) 40.4 (15) 40.2 (15) 45.0 (16) 53.7 (15) 64.5 (14) 71.1 (15) 72.8 (15) 70.5 (15) 64.2 (15) 56.4 (15) 48.2 55.9 Readings at 8 a.m. and 6 p.m. Source - USBF 75 Monthly and Annual Mean Surface Water Temperatures, °F CHINCOTEAGUE, VIRGINIA 37°52«N 75°23.5'W. Year Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr. May June July Aug. Sept. Oct. Nov. Dec» Ann. 1880 > _ - - 72.2 79.5 82.4 79.4 77.6 67.4 51.9 38.6 - 1881 35.7 38.1 44.4 52.1 66.5 75.0 83.4 80.3 80.1 69.1 49.9 41.4 59.7 82 - - - - 60.6 - 78.0 78.3 74.8 66.3 50.9 39.3 - 83 35.4 43.8 43.3 53.0 64.5 76.0 80.1 77.8 71.1 62.9 52.4 43.0 58.6 84 36.7 42.4 44.4 51.0 64.3 - 76.1 77.0 76.1 67.2 53.3 44.2 (59.0) 1885 41.2 - 40.0 52.8 64.0 73.8 80.2 80.3 72.7 64.1 52.0 41.0 (58.6) 1886 34.3 35.7 43.4 55.4 63.8 74.6 79.6 77.8 76.0 65.8 53.1 39.0 58.2 87 36.4 43.8 43.1 ------ -__- (6) (5) (6) (5) (7) (5) (7) (7) (7) (7) (7) (7) Mean 36.6 40.8 43.1 52.9 65.1 75.8 80.0 78.7 75.5 66.1 51.9 40.9 59.0 1880-June 1881, incl., readings at 1 p.m. July 1881 etc., readings at 2p.m. Source - USCFF 76 Monthly and Annual Mean Surface Water Temperatures, °F CAPE CHARLES LIliHT<^HIP 37°05'N. 750U'W. Year Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr. May June July Aufi. Sept. Oct. Nov. Dec. Ann. 1925 - - - - 59.3 68.4 72.7 74.3 -73.6 65.1 53.5 45.8 - 1926 40.1 37.6 39.7 45-5 55.6 63.6 72.1 75.0 72.4 67.0 57.5 45.4 (56.0) 27 38.7 40.3 41.4 47.1 54.1 58.7 69.2 68.4 71.9 65.5 55.4 48.7 (55.0) 28 43.0 42.9 42.6 48.9 56.8 66.0 69.8 72.7 * (3) (3) (3) (3) (4) (4) (4) (4) (3) (3) (3) (3) Mean 40.6 40.3 41.2 47.2 56.4 64.2 71.0 72.6 72.6 65.9 55.5 46.6 56.2 * On 1 Sept. "28, the lightship was moved abcut 6 miles to the southwest to 36°59'N. 75°42'W and the name changed to Chesapecdce Lightship. Readings at 8 a.m. and 6 p.m. Source - USBF 77 Monthly and Annual Llean Surface VJater Temperatures, F CHESAPE.4KE LIGHTSHIP 36°59'N 75°42'W Year Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr. May June July Aug. Sept. Oct. Nov. Sec. 1928 29 1930 1931 32 33 34 1935 1936 37 38 39 1940 Mean 46.0 40.2 45.9 42.2 40.0 34.0 46.2 41.9 43.6 42.9 44.5 44.4 40.1 36.8 43.0 45.1 43.0 41.2 41.2 50.9 50.1 45.9 47.0 44.1 44.3 45.7 37.9 37.5 41.7 37.4 43.2 39.5 43.1 44.8 47.3 38.8 51.6 50.8 48.0 50.0 51.6 44.6 46.9 48.6 48.3 51.6 52.2 46.1 60.2 60.6 57.9 58.1 61.6 55.2 58.0 61.6 60.8 61.5 59.6 56.2 (12) (12) (12) 44.6 41.1 42.8 (12) (12) 49.2 59.3 67.9 69.0 67.2 69.1 69.2 67.3 67.1 67.7 69.7 68.4 69.8 70.5 (12) 68.6 72.2 73.8 74.1 74.1 73.2 76.5 72.1 74.9 75.2 73.1 71.8 75.1 74.0 74.5 75.2 77.1 71.7 73.5 75.4 73.4 74.4 78.0 70.7 73.2 74.6 73.7 71.9 76.7* 73.0 70.9 70.7 70.4 73.1 73.9 (11) (11) (12) 73.7 74.8 72.7 68.0 65.5 66.6 67.7 67.4 68.7 66.5 64.6 67.3 63.8 64.5 67.9 (12) 66.5 58.5 59.2 56.5 60.6 59.9 57.1 56.5 57.6 58.0 56.4 58.2 56.2 (12) 57.9 50.2 50.0 48.4 55.6 49.2 50.1 47.6 46.2 47.0 47.0 49.6 47.2 (12) 49.0 Hnn. 58.7 59.0 58.7 60.2 60.0 56.7 56.6 57.0 58.0 58.8 59.4 58.4 *Sept. 16, 1933. Hurricane - worst storm in 25 years. Readings at 8 a.m. and 6 p.m. Source - USF 78 0 Monthly and Annual Mean Surface Water Temperatures, F o o CHESAPEAKE LIGHTSHIP 39 59'7"N. 75 U2'W. Year Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr. May June July Aug. Sept. Oct. Nov. Dec. Ann, 19U7 U8 h9 1950 Ui.U U5.6 U9.6 38.8 U6.9 U2.5 50.2 60.7 60.6 51.1 69.3 69.U 60.1 76.2 77.6 62.8 71.7 7a.8 65.2 78.0 73.ii 70.7 68.3 63.8 68.6 67.U 59.0 59.U 60.3 55.2 50.U 50.2 U7.3 58.1 (59.6) (56.3) 1951 52 53 5U 1955 li3.9 11.6 U6.2 U5.2 hh.O UO.6 U3.7 U5.0 h3.6 39.3 U3.0 li8.0 H6.2 Uh.8 51.7 51.0 53.2 51.6 60.2 60.2 63.6 60.6 57.9 67. U 72.2 68.7 71.2 6U.0 73.0 77.1 76.9 75.8 73.5 72.0 75.3 77.6 7U.0 79.5 68.2 ■fh.2 60.2 58.0 57.3 50.2 U9.0 (57.5) (59.2) (59.5) (58.7) 1956 38.3 ho. 6 U3.U U7.6 56.0 69.0 72.3 7I4.9 71.2 - - - - Maan (9) Uju.o (8) U2.3 (6) UU.6 (6) 50.9 (9) 59.0 (9) 67.8 (9) 73.9 (9) 73.9 (7) 72.1 (U) 65.0 (5) 58.9 (6) 50.5 58.6 Readings at 0130, 0730, 1330 and 1930, EST Source - NWRC 79 o Monthly and Annual Mean Surface Water Temperatures, F o o BALTIMORE, MARYUND 39 16'N. 76 35 'W. Year Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr. May June July Aur. Sept. Oct. Nov. Dec. Ann. 1873 74 1875 - - - - - - - 79.4 - - - - - - - - - - 1876 77 78 79 1880 37.8 33.8 a.i 39.2 34.9 41.2 41.2 48.7 41.5 45.2 50.8 48.8 53.0 61.0 65.8 66.0 66.8 74.0 70.9 73.7 80.3 79.5 78.6 80.2 79.0 78.6 75.0 72.0 73.4 1881 82 83 84 1885 33.3 33.4 33.3 35.2 34.2 37.2 35.4 37.0 33.1 37.5 41.1 40.2 35.6 45.6 50.4 49.7 58.6 62.8 63.6 62.9 72.4 73.7 75.2 72.2 79.0 79.1 80.3 77.4 78.9 80.7 78.7 77.1 78.1 79.7 78.6 74.2 70.1 72.8 1886 87 34.9 34.8 34.9 39.1 39.4 40.8 54.7 62.6 71.8 76.0 77.9 76.0 Mean (9) 35.3 (10) 36.6 (10) 41.1 (7) 50.4 (9) 63.3 (8) 73.0 (9) 78.8 (10) 78.9 (8) 74.0 Foot of South Street 1873-Oct. 1879, incl., readings at 3 p.m. Nov. 1879-June 1871 incl., readings at 1 p.m. July 1881 etc., readings at 2 p.m. Source - USCFF 65.9 - 43.3 - 65.4 51.1 41.6 - 67.3 49.2 42.6 (57.3) 64.0 50.0 37.9 58.6 71.2 56.9 - (57.8) 66.0 54.0 37.5 (57.1) 50.2 41.8 (57.0) 67.4 51.5 - (57.2) 63.7 53.2 40.3 56.4 66.6 52.9 37.5 57.1 (9) (9) (8) 66.4 52.1 40.3 57.5 80 Monthly and Annual Mean Surface .later Temperatures. F WASHINGTMI, D.C., POTOMAC RIVER 0 38 53'N. 0 77 Ol'W. Year •Jan. Feb. Uar. Apr. Uay June Jul£_ Aug. Sept. Oct. Nov. Dec. Ann. 1882 45.2 53.5 59.8 76.0 79.5 77.7 71.5 61.4 48.8 33.9 _ 83 33.4 37.1 39.7 52.2 64.3 77.6 81.2 77.3 68.2 59.9 46.2 37.5 56.2 84 33.1 40.0 42.5 51.1 66.1 73.5 74.5 77.4 74.3 64.9 44.8 39.0 56.8 1885 34.0 35.6 53.5 65.3 74.4 81.9 78.6 70.8 59.4 47.3 35.3 (56.0) 1886 ^ ^, 42.2 56.1 65.2 72.9 77.6 77.8 76.5 64.4 48.4 - (57.6) 87 _ 38.0 39.6 52.1 69.0 75.3 84.1 79.7 70.8 61.0 46.1 - (57.4) 88 _ . 53.9 67.1 76.8 80.4 80.8 71.4 58.9 51.6 38.4 (57.8) 89 35.5 _ 41.2 59.1 68.7 73.5 80.8 76.9 72.3 59.1 50.0 64.1 (58.2) 1890 44.7 42.1 44.7 57.4 57.7 78.7 82.3 80.0 75.1 64.1 50.9 37.1 59.6 1891 35.8 43.0 43.2 57.0 66.6 72.3 78.4 81.3 75.4 61.8 46.9 37.4 58.2 92 34.8 36.0 39.3 50.6 65.7 78.8 81.6 82.0 72.6 62.2 47.9 36.9 51J* 93 . 38.9 56.0 63.5 77.6 82.4 78.9 70.4 59.7 44.1 36.3 (56.7) 94 36.8 35.6 44.8 54.4 68.8 75.9 82.2 78.7 75.7 60.4 46.3 38.8 58.2 1895 - 38.8 53.9 66.2 77.7 79.1 80.2 76.1 54.7 48.5 38.9 (57.2) 1896 35.8 36.6 36.1 55.2 69.9 73.4 81.1 80.6 69.8 57.1 50.3 37.6 57.0 97 34.9 42.9 57.2 66.2 - - - - 63.1 49.7 39.1 - 98 35.8 35.4 47.7 54.4 64.6 77.6 84.0 80.9 75.8 64.6 48.1 35.9 58.7 99 34.9 41.0 53.4 68.7 78.3 80.9 80.3 74.5 62.3 51.2 40.9 (58.6) 1900 34.5 35.1 39.2 54.3 68.8 76.5 83.5 78.1 74.9 64.5 52.6 39.9 58.5 1901 34.9 ^ 40.9 49.9 65.3 73.2 82.6 79.7 72.2 60.0 47.0 36.0 (56.6) 02 • 41.0 54.9 69.1 75.4 80.4 78.4 72.1 62.8 53.3 39.6 (58.3) 03 33.3 35.5 49.0 58.3 66.8 72.0 79.0 76.4 72.7 59.8 46.6 - (57.3) 04 - - 37.4 50.5 65.9 74.2 77.9 77.4 73.8 - - - - 1905 - - 37.3 52.9 67.0 75.0 81.5 79.2 72.2 64.1 44.5 35.6 (56.8) 1906 35.5 _ 35.9 48.2 65.3 72.5 77.5 78.4 72.1 64.4 51.1 37.7 (56.3) 07 35.0 - 40.3 52.3 63.7 — ~ " ~ " ^ ^ ^ (15) (13) (25) (26) (26) (24) (24) (24) (24) (24) (24) (21) Mean 35.6 37.2 41.0 53.9 66.0 75.4 80.6 79.0 73.0 61.4 48.4 37.9 57.6 nth street .Vharf and 12th Street '.Vharf Readings at first high water and first low water after 7 a.m. Source - USCFF 81 Monthly and Annual Mean Surface Vifater Taupe ratures, °F FORT WASHINGTON, MD., POTOMAC RIVER 38°42'45"N. 77°02»15"W. Year Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr. May June July Aug. S«s)t. Oct. Nov. Dec. Ann. 1885 - - - - - - 80.4 78.7 72.3 62.5 48.1 35.2 - 1886 87 88 89 1890 33.7 33.0 32.9 38.7 40.5 33.5 41.2 34.1 34.7 41.6 42.3 40.4 38.5 43.4 42.8 55.8 52.9 53.8 54.4 55.9 65.6 70.0 65.8 67.5 66.1 74.1 76.7 77.8 73.7 78.5 78.4 83.7 76.7 78.7 80.0 78.8 81.2 80.3 74.5 79.6 76.2 71.8 70.0 69.0 74.2 65.8 61.6 56.7 56.4 59.2 50.1 46.8 50.3 47.9 48.9 33.4 40.2 37.2 40.8 36.3 57.3 58.3 56.2 56.6 58.6 1891 35.8 43.1 41.9 56.9 65.3 73.7 78.6 79.4 76.1 61.8 48.1 40.7 58.4 92 35.6 38.0 -_-_-__ ____ (7) (7) (6) (6) (6) (6) (7) (7) (7) (7) (7) (7) Mean 35.7 38.0 41.5 55.0 66.7 75.8 79.5 78.9 72.8 60.6 48.6 37.7 57.6 Readings at first high water and first low water after 7 a.m. Source - DSCFF 82 Monthly and Annual Mean Surface Water Temperatures, °F BRYANS POINT, MD. 38°41'45"N. 77O04'10'",V. Year Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr. May June July Aug. Sept. Oct. Nov. Dec. Ann. 1892 - - - - - 78.9 80.2 82.9 72.6 61.2 46.7 36.1 - 93 32.0 32.9 40.6 52.7 61.4 75.2 80.9 79.7 70.6 61.7 46.3 36.9 55.9 94 37.8 - 47.4 54.3 68.7 75.2 82.0 80.1 78.0 62.0 48.4 39.2 (59.0) 1895 33.8 32.3 41.4 54.7 65.6 78.9 80.0 81.0 78.1 60.4 49.0 39.0 57.8 1896 35.3 37.2 37.5 56.4 71.2 76.1 79.5 81.8 - 57.2 52.2 - (58.1) 97 34.3 36.9 45.6 55.1 64.8 72.8 81.8 80.4 71.5 64.2 49.9 39.2 58.0 98 35.5 35.4 46.7 52.6 64.7 78.9 81.8 79.7 76.3 65.4 47.1 35.0 58.2 99 35.4 32.8 - 54.8 67.5 77.4 81.2 - 73.8 61.8 - 39.1 (58.0) 1900 34.9 34.3 38.4 54.1 67.5 76.7 81.4 81.8 77.8 66.0 51.7 36.5 58.4 1901 35.6 32.7 42.2 48.3 64.2 - 83.2 - - 59.5 42.8 - (56.5) 02 33.7 - - - 68.0 76.8 - - - _ _ _ _ Mean 1892 1902 (10) (8) (8) (9) (10) (10) (10) (8) (8) (10) (9) (8) (9) 34.8 34.3 42.5 53.7 66.4 76.7 81.2 80.9 74.8 61.9 48.2 37.6 57.8 Readings at 6 a.m. and 12 m. and 6 p.m. Source - U3CFF 83 o Monthly and Annual Mean Surface Water Temperatures, F POINT LOOKOUT, MARSflAND 38°02.3'N. 76°19.3«W. Year Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr. May June July Aug. Sept. Oct. Nov. Dec. Ann, 1385 37.8 3U.2 - U2.9 62.3 76.7 81.8 81.2 73.6 62.5 50.U 39.0 (56.)4 1886 87 83 89 1390 3li.O 33.U 36.2 36.6 32.8 36.8 36.0 35.2 Ui.3 36.6 39.7 35.8 35.2 li3.1 U6.6 Ui.2 li6.0 hh.7 58.5 60.6 57.1 62.0 67.9 71.1 71.2 69.6 65.0 77.2 78.2 76.14 78.U 83.0 80.0 7U.1 70.1i 7U.5 70.8 72.2 71. )4 71.2 67.0 56.9 59.2 62.6 52.6 39.5 U8.0 ao.7 52. h 39.2 53.3 U7.2 53.6 39.2 55.5 55.3 55.1 (U) (6) (6) (5) (6) (6) 78. b 77.8 72.8 61.6 51.7 UO.S 1391 35.6 35.5 37.0 - (6) (7) (7) (5) (5) (6) Mean 35.6 36.U 37. b liU.9 60.1 70.2 78. U 77.8 72.8 61.6 5l.7 UO.S 55.6 Potomac River mouth. Readings at first high water and first low water after 7 a.m. Source - USCFF 84 o Monthly and Annual Mean Surface rtater Temperatures, F VraNOUILL POINT, RAPPAHANNOCK RIVER 0 37 35.8'N. 0 76 14.2'W. Year Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr. May June July Aufi. Sept. Oct. Nov. Dec. Ann. 1882 a. 5 42.2 45.8 53.4 61.4 72.3 78.4 79.4 75.8 67.3 55.3 42.3 59.6 83 38.2 41.9 43.4 51.9 61.5 70.9 76.5 73.8 66.7 57.4 48.4 39.4 55.8 84 31.9 34.9 37.2 48.4 63.4 70.8 75.9 77.5 75.5 67.5 - - (56.4) 1885 - 34.9 36.3 47.4 61.0 72.7 79.2 80.4 72.7 64.4 53.4 42.1 (56.8) 1886 34.8 33.9 39.4 51.9 63.2 72.1 78.1 78.1 75.6 68.6 55.0 40.8 57.6 87 34.3 39.0 a. 6 46.6 63.4 72.9 80.8 79.6 71.9 62.7 50.8 42.2 57.2 88 37.2 35.0 37.9 48.8 61.5 73.6 77.0 80.0 72.9 60.0 53.6 41.5 56.6 89 41.0 38.1 40.1 50.6 65.4 73.3 78.1 77.4 71.6 59.2 53.8 47.1 58.0 1890 46.7 45.5 44.2 51.5 63.7 76.0 78.3 77.9 74.6 63.8 53.3 42.7 59.8 1891 . . 42.2 52.7 61.3 71.9 75.7 79.2 75.2 63.6 51.3 _ (57.4) 92 39.4 38.3 40.9 48.9 63.6 74.3 77.6 81.4 73.4 63.6 52.2 U.2 57.9 93 31.2 34.2 39.0 48.6 61.4 74.0 78.4 78.3 74.3 65.0 52.3 44.6 56.8 94 42.0 40.2 46.0 50.2 64.4 73.1 77.9 77.2 76.6 65.4 54.4 45.0 59.4 1895 37.1 31.8 37.9 50.1 58.9 72.9 77.4 79.5 76.9 63.5 53.9 43.8 57.0 1896 37.5 39.1 39.7 50.5 66.9 73.9 80.5 81.2 73.8 61.2 55.3 42.7 58.5 97 39.1 37.4 43.8 52.9 61.7 71.7 79.2 79.2 76.9 65.1 55.4 46.1 59.0 98 39.8 38.7 45.2 48.4 56.5 71.4 78.0 80.8 76.3 67.3 53.4 a.7 58.1 99 39.2 33.6 40.5 49.9 62.1 76.4 77.6 78.1 74.2 63.8 57.0 45.0 58.1 1900 39.3 34.7 37.6 46.7 61.0 72.1 79.9 82.9 76.3 69.7 57.6 43.9 58.5 1901 37.9 34.5 38.1 . _ 72.4 81.5 80.6 75.4 64.9 53.9 39.2 (57.6) 02 34.9 31.4 39.2 47.8 - - 77.6 77.1 72.7 66.7 - - (56.2) 03 36.4 36.7 43.9 51.2 60.2 68.7 78.1 76.7 73.3 62.7 49.6 38.3 56.3 04 33.0 31.5 37.4 47.1 62.1 72.7 75.7 78.2 74.8 61.6 51.1 38.8 55.3 1905 34.7 31.0 38.9 47.6 65.0 70.6 79.4 77.0 73.5 65.6 51.4 42.9 56.5 1906 40.2 35.9 38.9 48.7 61.6 71.9 76.8 78.4 76.8 68.6 51.5 41.9 57.6 07 39.8 33.8 40.2 45.5 56.4 62.9 76.7 75.0 72.6 52.9 47.7 40.3 53.6 08 37.6 - 43.6 54.1 64.5 71.7 78.3 74.6 69.4 59.1 46.9 U.2 (56.4) 09 37.5 U.6 u.o 54.5 61.9 74.3 77.1 74.4 - 56.3 51.2 36.6 (56.7) 1910 - - 43.0 51.0 59.8 65.6 77.1 73.3 68.9 62.4 4A.2 34.6 (54.5) 1911 39.1 38.2 42.6 50.0 69.2 73.8 81.0 79.2 73.6 61.2 46.2 40.8 57.9 12 - - 40.1 56.6 65.7 71.4 76.0 75.4 70.6 59.8 47.8 41.6 (56.6) 13 U.8 37.6 47.4 53.8 63.0 74.2 80.7 77.1 70.7 59.6 48.5 42.2 58.0 lA 38.9 36.3 37.1 48.3 64.2 72.9 78.0 78.3 71.1 64.7 52.0 41.4 56.9 1915 36.4 37.4 39.7 48.2 61.4 68.8 76.1 79.9 76.6 66.4 52.6 40.5 57.0 (Continued) 85 WINDMILL POINT, RAPPAHANNOCK RIVER - Continued Year Jan. Feb. Uar. Apr. May June July Auk. Sept . Oct. Nov. Dec. Ann. 1916 17 18 19 1920 37.3 36.8 29.9 38.2 32.4 37.4 34.2 31.8 37.9 33.1 36.9 39.8 42.5 44.3 37.7 47.5 49.1 50.8 49.9 48.6 62.4 58.3 63.6 61.5 57.9 70.7 69.9 71.1 72.2 69.8 77.6 76.1 73.4 74.9 74.8 78.1 78.4 77.6 76.3 75.4 72.6 69.^ 71.1 72.2 72.1 62.4 59.5 62.9 67.0 64.3 53.2 48.8 52.8 53.0 52.5 42.0 36.3 44.2 39.6 43.2 56.5 54.7 56.0 57.2 55.2 1921 22 38.3 34.4 37.5 33.8 47.3 40.8 55.4 51.7 60.8 62.0 71.2 71.6 78.8 75.5 75.3 75.2 62.1 53.0 42.8 58.1 Uean (37) 37.4 (37) 36.4 (41) 41.0 (40) 50.2 (39) 62.1 (40) 71.9 (41) 77.7 (40) 78.0 (39) 73.4 (40) 63.2 (38) 52.0 (37) 41.6 57.1 Readings at first high water and first low water after 7 a.m. Source - USCFF, U3BF 86 Monthly and Annual Hean Surface V/ater Temperatures, F STINGRAY POEJT LIGHT HOUSE, CHESAPFAKE 3AY, VIRGINIA 37°33.7'N. 76 16.2'W. Year Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr. May June July Aug. Sept. Oct. Nov. Dec. Ann. 1862 U0.I4 1;1.6 U7.6 51.5 60.7 72.9 80.U 85.8 31.2 68.8 51.3 38.1 60.0 83 35.I4 35.1 U0.5 U8.3 63. U 75.0 80.5 78.U 72.1 6U.7 53.7 hS.h 57.7 8U 36.U h2.2 Ul.l 52.7 65.2 73.0 77.1 78.. 4 76.3 69.2 55.0 UU.o 59.5 1835 39.5 36.1 33.6 50.3 61.8 73.9 76.7 81.3 77.5 70.7 5U.7 13.2 53.7 1336 33.3 3U.1 39.9 U7.6 . 73.3 78.5 73.1 75.0 66.9 5U.h 39.5 _ 87 3ii.6 Ul.2 U2.8 U9.0 65.0 72.8 30.9 80.7 72.5 63.2 a9.6 li3.0 57.9 88 37.0 36.3 39.3 51.3 62.8 7li.6 73.1 79.3 73.9 60.7 51i.3 U2.O 57.7 89 U1.6 38.3 Ul.3 51.9 67.1 73.9 79.2 77.6 71.7 59.7 5U.0 U7.5 53.7 1390 hlJi U6.)i U6.U 53.8 65.0 76.9 79.0 78.3 75.3 6U.1 53.1 U2.7 60.7 1891 33.6 U3.1i U3.1 53.1 62.1i 72.8 76.7 78.9 75.2 6U.2 U8.1 Uii.3 58.!i 92 39.6 37.2 ho. 2 50.6 63.5 7h.9 77.3 81.1 73.U 63.1 51.1 Ul.O 57.8 93 31.9 ho. 7 52.1 63.0 7U.1 78.7 73.6 73.5 6U.6 52.5 U2.5 - 9h Ul.U hO.2 U6.5 52.U 66.8 72.6 78.6 77.3 75.6 6U.7 53.0 li3.7 S9.h 1895 36.9 33.3 Ua.U 50.3 61.7 7U.6 77.3 7?.l 77.5 61.6 52.1 U2.5 57. h 1396 36.8 39.0 U0.5 51.8 67.6 7U.3 79.1 81.0 72.7 61.1 55.U U2.9 58.5 97 37.0 37. I4 U5.2 53.8 63.7 72.2 79.6 79.7 7U.9 65.1 5U.U hh.3 59.0 98 39.3 33.2 h5.9 52.1 61.5 73.1 78.7 80.9 76.0 67.7 53.3 U0.7 59.0 99 38.1 3li.9 Ul.l 51.2 6U.9 75.3 73.5 78.9 75.0 6U.8 56.2 U5.8 58.7 1900 33.0 36.7 UO.U 50.1 63.2 73.3 80.6 82.U 78.0 68.7 57.0 U5.0 59.lt 1901 39.1 3l;.8 Ul.3 U9.9 61.7 72.5 79.7 80.2 75.5 6U.7 51.U 39.8 57.6 02 35.U 33.3 U2.5 Sl.h 65.7 73.2 73.6 77.7 73.1 67.6 58.1 15.1 58.5 03 37. U 39.3 kl.B 5U.1 6ii.5 70.3 75.7 77.7 73.5 61.3 U9.5 35.9 57.5 Oh 30.3 29.8 37.3 U7.2 61.2 71.9 76.5 76.1 - 63.6 51.0 39.3 _ 1905 35.0 30.6 hO.6 53.0 65.2 7h.6 80.U 78.1; 75.5 63.1 h9.2 hO.O 57.1 1906 37.3 35.5 33.5 U3.6 60.6 70.0 7h.8 77.U 7U.3 62.3 li9.7 39.9 55.8 07 37.2 31.6 39.6 U5.h 57.7 63.6 75.2 75.6 73.3 60.3 U8.6 hO.O 5^.0 08 37.7 32.9 Ul.U 5l.!i 60.U 71.7 76.6 75.3 63.7 61.6 U9.6 h2.5 55.3 09 37.9 39. U U2.5 U9.9 61.0 70.6 75.3 7U.2 69.9 59.2 51.0 38.9 55.8 1910 33.0 33.3 Ul.7 53.2 60.3 67.6 76.3 75.6 72.3 6U.2 U7.0 35.0 55.0 1911 35.2 37.I4 UO.O U7.)i 61.2 71.6 77.U 76.6 73.1 63.1 U9.6 Ul.2 56.2 12 32.3 30.7 37.2 50.9 62.1 72.3 73.8 77.0 75.7 66.0 5U.5 U5.2 56.9 13 lUi.8 U0.5 ii6.2 55.2 63.7 71.3 77.5 - 72.8 63.7 51.U Uh.3 _ U^ 33.0 37.2 36.1 U8.9 63.5 72.6 77.2 76.9 71.1 65.1 51.0 Ul.5 56.6 1915 37.1 38.0 U0.2 U9.U 63.1 69.5 75.9 78.7 7U.0 6li.l 52.8 39.h 56.8 87 STINGRAY POINT LIGHT HOUSE - continued Year Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr. May June Jvly Aug. Sept. Oct. Nov. Dec. Ann. 37.7 39.6 36.9 U7.9 62.1 69.7 75.6 76.5 69.5 60.8 50.8 39.3 55.6 35.3 32.2 39.3 U8.3 56.5 68.U 7U.7 76.7 67.U 57.2 U6.5 35.1 53.1 3U.0 U2.6 U9.3 62.0 69.2 7U.3 73. U 71.1 63.6 5U.1 UU.U - 38.8 38.7 Uh.3 50.7 62. la 73.8 75.1 75.5 72.1 66.5 53.2 Uo.O 57,6 1920 32.7 33.0 38.3 50.0 58.1 70.2 7h.9 7U.5 72.U 6U.7 52.U h2.7 55.3 1921 38.1 37.9 U7.8 55.6 60.7 70.6 78.2 7U.2 7U.5 60.3 52. U b2.8 57.3 22 3U.1 33.!i UO.9 50.9 61.7 70.9 75.1 - - - - . _ (Uo) (Uo) (la) (Ui) (Uo) (Ui) (ia) (39) (39) (ho) (Uo) (Uo) Mean 37.li 36.6 Ul.7 50.8 62.6 72.2 77.6 78.2 73.3 63.9 52.2 Ul.3 57.U Mouth of Rappajianock River Readings at first high water and first low water after 7 a.m. Source - DSCFF, DSBF 88 o Monthly and Annual Mean Surface VJater Temperatures, F WOLF TRAP BAR, CHESAPEAKi ! BAY 0 37 2li.2'N. 0 76 11. h'W. Year Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr. May June July Aug. Sept, Oct. Nov. Dec. Ann. 1682 83 8U 1885 UO.6 35.8 36.2 38.6 lil.2 39.3 39.7 35.3 U5.3 U2.0 U2.U 36.8 51.6 U9.ii 50. li U6.8 59.0 61.U 63.7 60.5 71.1 73.3 71.2 72.1 77.U 79.li 76.0 78.8 78.7 76.9 77.6 80.2 75.6 71.3 76.2 72.8 66.9 6U.2 68.7 65.0 5U.9 53.1 51.8 5U.5 U0.5 UU.9 hS.l U2.6 58.6 57.6 58.5 57.0 1886 87 88 89 1890 35.0 3U.9 37.8 Ul.8 li7.9 33.9 39.8 36.0 39.0 U6.3 39.6 U2.3 39.1 U1.6 li5.h 52.6 us.u li9.7 50.6 53.1 62.8 61.8 61.5 65.5 61i.2 71.3 72.8 73.7 72.6 76.2 77.7 80.1; 78.0 77.9 78.U 77.5 79.7 80.0 77.5 77.8 7li.7 72.2 73.6 71.7 75.2 67.1 63.6 60.5 60.2 6U.7 5U.8 50.1; 5U.7 5U.3 53.6 UO.7 U3.1; U2.h U8.2 U3.6 57.3 57.5 57.2 58.1; 60.5 1891 92 38.9 39.6 U2.9 37.3 U2.9 39.9 52.1 U9.0 62.0 62.U 73.1 73.U 77.0 79.1 81.2 7h.7 73.3 63.8 63.5 51.1' 51.8 Uli.5 Ul.7 (58.6) 57.5 Mean (11) 38.8 (11) 39.2 (11) Ul.6 (11) 50.3 (11) 62.2 (11) 72.8 (10) 78.1 (U) 78.7 (11) 73.8 (11) 6U.l! (11) 53.5 (11) U3.1i 58.1 Readings at first high water and first low water after 7 a.m* Source - USCFF 89 o Monthly and Annual Mean Surface 'Vater Temperatures, F JAMES RIVER ;>T IHCHMOND 37°32'N. 77°27"ll, Year Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr. May June July Aug. Sept. Oct. Nov. Dec. Ann. 1876 -------- 73.1 57.7 51.1 34.2 - 77 36.0 /i4.9 48.9 57.0 65. 1 79.2 83.6 82.6 Readings at 9 a.m., 3 p.m., and 6 p.m. Source - 03CFF 90 o Monthly and Annual Mean Surface Water Tenperaturee, F o o YORK SPIT LIGHT, VIRGINIA 37 12.6'N. 76 15.5'W. Year Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr, May June July Aug. Sept. Oct. Nov. Dec. Ann. 1882 41.4 41.9 45.8 52.6 59.9 70.4 74.9 . _ _ _ 83 - - - 51.7 62.0 72.8 78.9 77.2 71.8 64.8 54.7 45.9 - 84 37.6 40.4 43.2 50.8 63.4 71.7 76.3 77.5 76.4 69.2 55.7 45.9 59.0 1885 40.2 36.4 37.7 48.5 61.3 72.8 78.7 80.0 73.5 65.6 55.3 43.1 57.8 1886 35.4 34.8 40.1 53.1 63.5 71.7 77.9 77.1 75.0 67.0 55.0 40.6 57.6 87 35.4 40.0 42.2 48.6 63.8 72.7 79.2 76.7 70.2 61.1 48.4 41.8 56.7 88 37.0 34.7 38.8 49.4 60.8 73.1 76.6 78.9 72.2 59.5 53.2 40.7 56.2 89 41.9 38.2 40.7 50.4 64.9 72.8 76.8 - 70.8 59.5 53.3 47.4 - 1890 47.0 45.5 44.4 52.7 63.6 75.0 77.2 76.4 73.9 63.9 53.1 43.0 59.6 1891 38.2 a. 7 42.5 51.9 61.8 71.7 75.6 77.9 75.0 63.5 50.8 44.8 58.0 92 40.3 37.6 39.7 48.8 61.8 72.6 75.6 80.6 73.8 63.4 51.2 41.7 57.2 93 30.9 34.6 39.3 49.9 60.3 72.1 78.0 78.0 74.9 65.2 53.4 43.9 56.7 94 42.0 40.3 45.6 50.8 65.6 70.7 76.2 75.6 75.5 65.2 53.7 44.6 58.8 1895 36.8 32.7 38.4 49.3 59.8 72.7 76.7 77.6 76.8 62.4 53.6 43.2 56.7 1896 37.0 37.9 39.3 50.5 65.8 . 77.4 79.2 72.3 61.4 56.1 _ — 97 - 38.1 44.7 53.2 62.5 71.3 79.7 79.2 75.8 - 56.9 46.1 - 98 40.3 39.3 45.7 52.2 60.8 72.2 79.1 81.0 75.0 68.3 54.8 42.2 59.2 99 39.2 - 40.5 51.1 64.2 73.5 77.1 77.5 71.5 61.8 53.0 44.6 - 1900 42.2 40.0 41.9 50.9 64.9 76.2 81.7 82.4 76.7 65.1 54.8 42.2 59.9 1901 38.8 34.4 45.8 50.1 62.1 74.3 82.2 77.6 72.6 59.2 44.3 41.2 56.9 02 35.1 34.1 44.3 53.8 66.6 75.0 80.0 76.5 71.5 64.6 56.7 42.3 58.4 03 37.4 41.5 50.3 52.4 64.8 68.8 78.5 77.1 72.8 60.6 48.8 36.9 57.5 04 31.5 30.6 36.7 47.0 60.4 70.9 74.8 75.0 71.7 61.7 49.6 38.7 54.0 1905 - - 37.2 48.1 61.9 69.8 79.8 77.3 73.9 66.9 53.2 44.0 — 1906 41.3 38.1 41.7 50.1 62.0 72.2 77.5 79.2 75.9 66.5 53.7 44.5 58.6 07 41.2 35.6 a.5 47.2 59.4 66.7 76.2 77.4 75.8 63.4 51.7 43.5 56.6 08 41.9 36.7 45.0 54.4 63.5 73.4 75.9 74.1 67.0 60.8 49.0 42.7 57.0 09 38.9 39.4 42.1 52.6 61.7 70.2 71.8 73.0 68.8 59.4 51.5 43.3 56.0 1910 - - 43.2 53.9 60.2 67.5 75.6 - 61.9 - 49.5 38.6 - 1911 37.9 40.1 42.4 49.7 63.0 73.4 79.2 78.7 76.4 66.8 53.7 45.4 58.9 12 - 33.0 39.6 52.3 63.7 70.9 77.0 76.4 75.5 66.0 " 43.2 ~ (26) (27) (30) (31) (31) (30) (31) (28) (30) (28) (29) (29) Mean 38.7 37.7 42.0 50.9 62.6 72.0 77.5 77.7 73.2 63.7 52.7 43.0 57.6 Readings at first high water and first low water after 7 a.m. SoTirce - U3CFF, USBF 91 o Monthly and Annual Mean Surface Water Temperatures, F NORFOLK, VIRGINIA 36°5l«N. 76°18»W, Year Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr. Ifay June July Aug. Sept. Oct. Nov. Dec. Ann. 1873 -------- 7I4.9 63.2 a9.3 U5.9 - 7I; U3.3 Uli.9 50.3 55.3 66.1^ 80.3 80.3 79.1 76.5 66.5 - - (61.3) 1875 38.2 -------- -_._ 1376 77 73 79 1880 35.6 37.6 U8.2 U2.9 U0.3 U9.1 50.1 51.9 50. I4 56.1 59.9 56.5 5U.U 6U.3 69.3 68.1 71.6 7U.0 73.9 77.5 77.2 80.1 85.1 80.9 81.2 79.3 79.5 70.6 81.5 73. U 76.1 62.5 65. '4 65.7 5U.3 52.3 51.0 li3.2 h3.5 U8.3 10.9 (59.9) (62.1) (60.7) (62.U) 1881 82 83 1835 33.14 U2.9 38.); 37.5 U2.7 liO.5 U5.8 U8.9 h7.2 38.3 U7.2 U7.1; li9.0 li2.0 52. '4 58.0 5U.5 55..U 69.9 65.5 68.0 68.3 65.1 77.3 73.6 7U.5 75.9 83.8 80.8 82.3 77.9 81.7 8l.li 81.7 79.3 79.0 81.6 80. I4 76. I4 71.5 73.5 72.2 67. U 6I4.2 67.3 6I4.U 58.8 53.9 55.U 55.3 5U.li U6.U U0.)4 U5.2 62. U (61.3) (61.3) (60.9) 60.0 1386 87 37.6 37.5 39.1 U5.2 U5.)i U6.6 56.3 65.3 7U.'4 79.0 78.3 7li.9 66.7 55.1 37.7 59.2 Mean (12) 39.9 (11) li3.8 (10) U3.I4 (10) 55.9 (11) 67.5 (10) 76.!i (11) 81.2 (9) 80.0 (11) 75.)4 (11) 66.0 (10) 5U.1 (9) U3.6 61.0 Elizabeth River at Boston Steamship Co. wharf, 1873-Oct. 1879, incl., readings at 3 p.m. Nov. 1879-June 1881, incl,, readings at 1 p.m. July 1881, etc., readings at 2 p.m. Source - OSCFF 92 Monthly and Annual Mean Surface Water Temperatures, °F BODY'S ISLA^D LIGHT HOUSE, OREGON INLET 35°49'o7"N. 75°33'49"W. Year Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr. May June July Aug. Sept. Oct. Nov. Dec. Ann. 1880 ------- 79.4 79.0 69.0 56.4 A0.8 - 1881 39.3 - 50.6 53.4 67.9 76.9 89 .A - 82.4 69.1 61.0 50.0 (64.4) 82 44.5 53.6 60.5 - 67.6 76.5 85.5 88.0 78.4 67.7 60.9 39.3 (65.0) 83 40.9 48.2 51.8 62.7 66.1 78.5 85.7 76.6 71.8 62.5 62.6 - (62.6) (3) (2) (3) (2) (3) (3) (3) (3) (4) (4) (4) (3) Mean 41.6 50.9 54.3 58.0 67.2 77.3 86.9 81.3 77.9 67.1 60.2 43.4 63.8 1880-83 Readings at first high water and first low water after 7 a.m. Source - USCFF 93 Monthly and Annual Mean Surface Water Ten^ratures, F DIAMOND SHOAL UGHTSHIP o o 35 05 'N. 75 20'W. Year Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr. May June July Aug. Sept. Oct. Nov. Dec. Ann. 1923 73.8 78.1 78.8 79.7 77.2 74.5 62.4 66.0 . 24 60.8 52.0 48.0 55.4 62.8 72.7 78.8 80.4 77.5 71.4 65.7 66.7 66.0 1925 58.1 65.1 65.1 63.9 70.7 78.6 81.0 81.3 81.5 74.5 70.9 69.8 71.7 1926 63.9 56.1 57.9 62.4 70.0 76.1 79.5 81.1 79.5 75.4 68.2 55.9 68.8 27 60.6 61.9 57.2 62.2 72.9 74.7 77.4 79.5 75.9 72.9 66.7 63.7 68.8 28 65.5 64.8 64.9 66.6 69.0 74.8 78.8 82.0 80.5 73.8 71.2 68.2 71.7 29 66.2 64.6 60.5 66.0 73.4 77.4 79.6 80.6 77.1 73.3 73.5 68.9 71.8 1930 69.5 67.4 66.9 68.7 72.6 74.1 80.3 79.5 77.8 67.5 62.7 - (71.1) 1931 60.2 60.9 50.1 55.3 63.4 68.3 76.1 78.4 76.8 70.2 68.5 67.8 66.3 32 63.8 66.1 57.5 61.7 68.1 75.9 80.0 81.8 79.0 77.4 71.8 69.4 71.0 33 63.5 63.8 64.0 66.7 72.0 74.5 75.4 81.8 - 72.9 66.7 68.0 (70.6) 34 64.3 60.5 62.7 64.5 69.1 75.4 79.7 80.8 79.4 74.4 75.0 69.8 71.3 1935 67.8 63.8 67.2 65.8 - 79.4 79.6 - 72.7 70.9 62.7 55.9 69.8 1936 62.6 55.2 61.5 61.7 73.4 76.9 80.4 81.9 79.1 77.7 73.1 71.0 71.2 37 66.8 60.8 60.6 66.7 73.3 79.4 81.0 82.9 79.8 75.6 70.7 64.7 71.9 38 66.6 59.6 54.7 62.9 76.2 80.1 79.9 80.6 73.1 71.5 69.9 (70.5) 39 66.0 63.1 66.5 68.3 69.3 78.1 79.6 79.6 77.7 74.9 64.7 60.7 70.7 1940 53.8 50.0 48.8 55.1 64.8 76.4 - - - - - — " 1947 _ _ ^ ^ _ ^ ^ 80.0 81.4 76.9 72.7 73.5 - 48 68.8 65.0 70.4 72.8 76.0 - - 81.8 79.2 72.5 72.8 61.2 (73.0) 49 55.1 61.8 58.6 68.3 72.3 78.6 81.9 80.7 78.8 76.0 73.0 - (70.9) 1950 - 67.2 69.7 71.8 75.6 76.9 79.3 75.8 71.8 68.8 63.3 (70.4) 1951 ^, ^ 61.7 67.6 67.8 75.9 81.0 81.0 78.9 72.2 69.3 67.4 (70.6) 52 . . 60.3 63.0 68.6 73.1 79.8 79.4 76.9 69.8 66.6 58.4 (68.3) 53 . ^ 58.2 67.2 72.4 75.7 76.0 77.1 75.8 72.9 64.4 62.3 (62.8) 54 . . 67.0 71.4 74.8 80.4 81.8 83.8 81.8 79.4 70.5 69.1 (73.7) 1955 64.8 - - 74.1 77.2 82.7 83.1 80.9 79.0 70.3 66.6 (72.1) 1956 49.1 62.5 62.2 - - 76.9 79.9 77.6 77.3 - - - - (21) (20) (26) (24) (24) (26) (25) (26) (26) (26) (26) (24) Mean 62.8 61.2 60.8 64.7 70.7 76.2 79.4 80.6 78.4 73.9 69.0 65.8 70.3 1923- Ipr. 1928 incl., readings at 0000, 0400, 0800, 1200, 1600 and 2000 hours. Source - USC&GS, 1955 May 1923-1940 incl., readings at 8 a.m. and 6 p.m. Source - USBF 1947-1956, readings at 0130, 0730, 1330 and 1930 EST. Source - NWRC. % Monthly and Annual Mean Surface Water Temperature, °F CAPE LOOKOUT, N.C. 34037 1 20" N. 76°31'26"W. Year Jan. Feb. ttar . Apr. Mcty June July Aug. Sept. Oct. Nov. Dec. Ann. 1879 . 70.0 a.o 58.6 80 57.8 56.8 58.6 62.9 69.7 - 80.9 80.1 78.2 69.9 60.1 49.9 (66.7) 1881 45.9 46.5 51.0 55.5 71.3 75.9 79.1 79.8 80.3 73.2 64.6 56.4 65.0 82 53.7 55.3 58.4 62.4 67.6 76.7 80.9 81.7 78.5 71.8 60.3 51.5 66.6 83 48.2 52.4 54.3 61.2 69.4 77.8 82.4 81.2 76.8 70.4 63.2 55.3 66.0 84 49.2 58.5 58.8 61.8 71.9 76.2 80.2 79.2 79.3 73.9 62.9 56.5 67.4 1885 51.6 49.9 52.1 - 64.9 73.4 77.8 78.2 71.7 64.0 55.6 46.8 (62.2) 1886 40.7 42.1 46.0 56.1 64.7 71.4 76.2 74.1 74.4 64.7 55.0 45.0 59.2 87 41.7 48.8 48.2 54.8 65.1 70.7 74.6 75.4 70.8 63.7 53.9 - (60.1) 88 50.0 52.1 53.0 62.6 70.4 76.7 79.4 81.2 77.5 67.0 61.0 51.9 65.2 89 52.7 50.6 52.9 61.1 72.7 - 80.1 78.7 76.2 67.2 61.9 58.9 (65.7) 1890 58.7 60.1 58.5 62.0 72.5 79.6 80.6 79.8 78.7 69.8 61.1 52.5 67.8 1891 51.0 57.8 _ 64.0 71.2 79.0 79.7 81.0 77.9 67.1 58.7 57.3 66.6 92 52.3 51.4 52.4 60.9 70.2 77.0 77.4 79.9 75.9 68.6 60.1 53.0 64.9 93 43.3 - 53.3 61.7 68.5 76.0 80.4 78.4 69.4 61.1 55.8 52.6 (62.7) 94 52.7 52.5 58.0 61.1 71.8 75.9 79.6 79.8 - 70.2 60.5 55.8 (66.2) 1895 50.7 44.8 52.9 59.9 67.6 73.2 77.8 79.4 78.6 68.4 61.3 53.2 64.0 1896 48.3 51.5 52.8 60.9 72.0 75.7 78.8 79.2 77.9 64.6 64.4 51.4 64.8 97 49.3 50.9 57.2 60.5 69.3 77.0 80.4 79.7 78.0 70.5 63.4 58.5 66.2 98 54.6 51.9 58.9 62.4 70.1 75.2 80.6 80.2 77.2 72.7 62.3 53.4 66.6 99 54.9 52.2 58.2 59.1 68.1 77.1 79.1 80.2 - 69.7 64.6 55.2 (66.2) 1900 52.4 48.2 56.1 61.6 - — - - - - - - (21) (20) (20) (20) (20) (18) (20) (20) (18) (a) (21) (20) Mean 50.5 51.7 54.6 60.6 69.4 75.8 79.3 79.4 76.5 68.5 60.6 53.7 65.0 Readings at first high water and first low water after 7 a.m. Source - US OFF 95 Monthly and Annual Mean Surface Water Temperatures, °F CAPE LOOKOUT SHOAL LIGHTSHIP, N.C. 34°18.2'N. 76°24.2'W. Year Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr. May June July Aug. Sept. Oct. Nov. Dec. Ann. 1925 - - - 70.6 76.1 79.8 80.0 79.9 74.9 67.7 63.1 - 1926 27 28 29 1930 60.1 55.5 59.2 63.3 58.2 58.1 60.7 62.0 65.1 59.5 55.1 61.7 61.5 61.2 59.1 57.5 60.5 62.0 69.1 65.6 68.6 66.7 69.8 73.5 71.2 73.4 74.9 75.3 76.8 75.3 78.4 77.2 77.3 80.7 80.2 80.6 79.1 80.0 80.6 79.5 79.1 76.6 78.8 78.3 78.8 74.1 72.3 76.4 71.5 71.8 65.0 67.0 65.0 69.4 62.9 60.7 64.9 64.1 63.6 63.4 67.3 68.6 68.9 70.6 69.4 1931 32 33 58.7 60.2 66.8 66.0 58.9 57.2 58.3 60.4 57.3 61.3 62.8 60.3 64.0 68.0 66.0 70.6 75.8 73.3 79.8 79.8 77.3 81.1 80.4 80.9 78.8 73.9 74.1 71.0 68.5 68.0 62.3 69.0 70.3 (8) (8) (8) (8) (9) (9) (9) (8) (8) (8) (8) (8) Mean 61.0 60.2 59.3 62.4 68.7 74.6 78.9 80.2 78.9 73.6 67.1 63.8 69.0 Readings at 8 a.m. and 6 p.m. Source - USBF 96 Monthly and Annual Mean Surface V/ater Tanperatures, °F FORT llACON, N.C. 34°42'N. 76°a'W. Year Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr. Uaif June July mxr. Sept. Oct. Nov. Uec. Ann. 1883 ------- 79.8 75.6 68.8 61.0 53.7 - 84 46.9 57.3 58.2 72.4 79.6 - - 78.8 72.4 72.4 61.9 - 1885 49.6 46.6 49.8 61.4 70.5 77.5 82.5 81.9 77.4 68.7 61.0 50.4 64.8 1886 45.0 46.6 51.2 63.0 - - 81.0 80.1 78.5 70.2 69.1 49.5 - (3) (3) (3) (3) (2) (1) (2) (4) (4) (4) (4) (3) Mean 47.2 50.2 53.1 65.6 75.0 77.5 81.8 80.2 76.0 70.0 63.2 51.2 65.7 Readings at 2 p.m., 75th meridian time. Source - USCFF 97 0 Monthly and Annual Mean Surface Water Temperatures, F BEAUTORT, NORTH CAROLINA, FISHERIES LABORATORY 0 34 42.5 'N. 0 76 41 'W Tear Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr. May June July Aug. Sept. Oct. Nov. Dec. Ann, 1913 14 1915 48.9 48.4 48.9 50.9 49.6 50.7 62.2 60.8 71.6 72.0 77.0 79.0 77.4 82.0 82.4 83.1 81.9 82.0 83.7 76.3 75.9 80.6 67.8 69.1 71.6 56.5 57.6 60.4 50.9 50.0 47.1 64.8 65.6 1916 17 51.4 50.7 50.5 47.8 52.2 56.3 61.3 64.0 72.7 68.9 79.2 78.8 82.4 82.6 82.4 82.6 77.2 68.4 60.1 51.1 65.7 18 _ _ - _ - - — - - - - - — 19 1920 46.4 47.5 55.0 ~ 63.1 71.1 79.7 - 79.9 73.8 61.9 49.8 54.1 (64.9) 1921 22 23 24 1925 51.6 47.7 50.2 50.5 47.7 54.0 52.5 45.5 49.6 53.2 63.7 60.8 56.1 53.2 56.8 67.6 67.6 60.3 64.8 63.1 70.2 74.3 68.9 73.8 70.7 79.7 79.5 80.1 79.2 83.7 82.4 81.3 80.2 81.5 82.9 79.3 83.8 78.8 79.0 84.4 75.2 80.2 75.6 81.3 70.5 68.4 66.7 67.5 69.3 64.4 59.4 55.8 59.4 56.3 53.8 52.3 55.9 50.7 51.3 68.9 66.6 (65.3) 65.4 65.8 1926 27 28 29 1930 52.0 47.7 49.5 53.1 53.1 54.7 59.4 52.2 52.0 54.7 54.7 58.1 57.0 61.2 55.8 64.9 63.9 65.1 67.6 66.4 74.1 73.8 70.9 74.5 76.1 81.3 77.9 81.7 80.2 79.7 86.4 83.3 83.8 84.0 84.9 88.2 82.0 85.6 83.1 80.8 84.0 80.2 79.7 79.3 82.4 74.5 71.6 73.2 68.9 67.3 61.2 63.0 60.1 61.9 58.3 54.3 55.8 52.7 52.9 48.9 69.2 68.1 67.6 68.2 67.4 1931 32 49.1 59.5 51.1 58.3 52.9 55.4 64.6 65.1 73.2 72.7 80.1 79.7 85.8 84.6 84.6 83.3 82.8 77.5 72.1 71.1 59.5 59.4 (68.0) 55.2 68.5 Mean (17) 50.4 (17) 51.9 (17) 55.9 (16) 64.3 (17) 71.9 (17) 78.9 (18) 83.0 (17) 82.6 (17) 79.6 (17) 70.1 (16) 59.7 (18) 52.6 66.7 One reading per day Source - USBF 98 Monthly and Annual Mean Surface V/ater Temperatures j °F FRYING Pm SHOALS LIGHTSHIP 33°35'N. 77°50".V. Year Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr. May June July rtUK. Sept, Oct. Nov, Dec. Ann. 1878 _ _ _ . _ _ . _ 72.4 64.2 57.4 ^ 79 50.3 49.2 - 59.8 66.4 72.5 79.8 80.2 77.3 74.7 65.6 62.7 (66.2) 1880 64.5 59.3 62.1 61.6 72.0 76.4 81.4 80.7 79.4 74.0 66.6 58.6 69.7 1881 53.0 52.3 53.1 57.1 68.0 76.4 80.8 80,4 79.9 76.4 69.5 60.3 67.3 82 56.4 58.6 60.0 63.8 - 75.4 80.5 80.9 79.3 71.6 60.9 53.9 (67.6) 83 50.9 54.6 54.9 59.8 67.5 75.9 80.8 77.9 76.6 72.1 63.6 59.3 66.2 84 55.9 58.7 57.7 61.2 68.7 74.4 78.7 79.0 78.5 76.2 66.5 62.1 68.1 1885 56.6 52.6 53.2 58.8 68.8 76.9 80.6 82.0 79.7 73.3 - - (67.4) 1886 _ 51.8 55.6 62.3 69.6 76.5 79.6 77.7 78.3 74.2 65.9 59.5 (67.2) 87 53.9 54.7 54.3 61.1 70.5 76.0 80.9 78.9 76.4 74.2 64.4 60.2 67.1 88 57.8 59.2 56.1 61.7 70.3 77.2 78.9 81.5 78.6 71.1 - 55.0 (67.8) 89 55.7 51.8 54.2 60.8 69.8 76.7 79.8 80.2 78.9 72.1 66.3 66.0 67.7 1890 63.2 62.0 61.8 64.1 71.9 79.4 81.0 80.7 80.3 74.1 67.2 60.5 70.5 1891 55.2 60.8 60.4 63.7 71.3 79.0 80.0 81.7 79.3 72.5 63.0 60.3 68.9 92 54.7 52.2 53.2 60.0 69.5 77.2 78.8 81.5 79.1 74.4 66.7 64.5 67.7 93 50.9 53.8 54.8 61.5 69.6 77.0 81.2 80,1 79.6 73.7 63.8 59.5 67.1 94 58.5 55.7 60.7 64.7 72.8 76.7 79.2 81.6 80.1 73.6 - 60.8 (69.2) 1895 53.6 46.3 52.9 61.1 69.0 77.2 80.0 82.0 80.6 - - - (66.9) 1896 57.3 55.3 55.2 61.1 74.3 78.0 80.2 80.1 79.0 70.7 68.7 60.7 68.4 97 57.9 54.9 57.3 64.5 70.2 77.5 82.6 81.3 79.0 73.9 67.2 66.1 69.4 98 56.5 57.0 60.3 62.2 70.0 76.1 80.4 81.9 79.5 75.2 66.0 59.9 68.8 99 59.2 52.2 54.0 - - - 79.4 80.6 79.7 73.6 66.8 60.6 (67.9) 1900 55.9 52.6 55.0 61,6 69.8 - 80.6 82.6 81.2 77.0 68.8 62.5 (68.7) 1901 55.8 51.5 _ _ 67.7 75.9 79.7 81.4 78.8 71.4 61.7 54.5 (66.4) 02 51.4 46.5 52.5 - - - 81.8 79.8 77.6 74.0 69.4 61.3 (66.9) 03 56.4 55.8 64.1 64.0 68.7 76.6 81.1 81.8 79.9 72.4 65.3 57.5 68.6 04 53.4 52.5 56.2 - - - - 81.0 - 73.1 65.3 61.7 (67.6) 1905 54.4 53.2 56.1 62.6 72.5 77.5 81.5 81.3 80.9 75.9 66.7 61.6 68,7 1906 56.8 56.0 56.9 62jlv 71.1 78.0 80.8 82.5 80.7 75.6 68.5 60.9 69.2 07 61,1 54.8 - - - - 81.7 81,0 80.1 74.8 - - (68.7) (28) (29) (26) (24) (24) (24) (28) (29) (28) (29) (25) (27) Mean 56.0 54.3 56.6 61.7 70.0 76.7 80.4 80.8 79.2 73.7 65.9 60.3 68.0 Readings at first high water and first low water after 7 a.m. Source - USCFF 99 Monthly and Annual Mean Surface Water Temperatures, °F FRHNG PAN SHOALS LIGHTSHIP 33°27«55"N. 77°35'25"W. Year Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr. May June July Aug. Sept. Oct. Nov. Dec. Ann. 1908 58.5 58.1 60.0» 65.2 71.5 77.6 80.2 81.1 78.8 73.5 69.7 64.8 69.9 09 63.9 58.0 62.4 65.9 70.8 78.0 78.8 80.6 79.1 73.9 71.6 62.8 70.5 1910 62.0 - 64.6 66.6 --___ ____ (3) (2) (3) (3) (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) Mean 61.5 58.0 62.3 65.9 71.2 77.8 79.5 80.8 79.0 73.7 70.7 63.8 70.4 * Position shifted to 33°28'12"N. 77<'36'06"W. Readings at first high water and first low water after 7 a.m. Source - DSCFF 100 Monthly and Annual Mean Surface Water Temperatures, °F FRYING PAN SHOALS UDHTSHIP 33°34.1'N. 77°48.8'V;, Year Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr. May June July ^^ufi. Sept. Oct. Nov. Uec. «nn. 1925 - - - - 69.4 74.9 78.7 77.8 78.9 74.7 (>k.B 60./, (67.5) 1926 55.3 52.9 52.2 57.0 64.7 72.7 78.2 80.4 79.0 74.2 67.1 63.2 66.4 28 52.7 55.3 57.2 62.2 66.2 74.7 77.8 80.9 78.4 76.7 67.5 58.8 67.4 29 55.8 57.6 60.0 65.9 69.7 75.8 80.4 80.1 78.3 72.8 70.8 65.3 69.4 1930 58.8 58.4 57.9 62.7 72.4 75.4 « - - _ _ _ _ (4) (4) (4) (4) (5) (5) (4) (4) (4) (4) (4) (4) Mean 55.6 56.0 56.8 62.0 68.5 74.7 78.8 79.8 78.6 74.6 67.6 61.9 67.9 * Changed station Readings at 8 a.m. and 6 p.m. Source - USBF 101 Monthly and annual Mean Surface V/ater Temperatures, °F FRYING PAN SHOALS LIGHTS IP 33°28.0'K. 77°34.0".V. Year Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr. May June July "Ufi. Sept, Oct. Nov. Dec . Ann. 1930 - - - - - - - 80.0 81.2 74.0 68.8 59.9 - 1931 32 33 34 58.7 67.7 65.1 65.9 60.9 66.3 61.5 61.0 61.0 61.4 64.3 65.0 61.9 63.9 66.8 67.7 66.5 69.1 73.4 70.8 71.5 74.6 76.8 77.1 79.7 76.6 79.4 82.0 80.0 78.8 81.7 80.0 79.6 78.8 81.8 80.5 78.3 77.3 78.2 77.8 72.4 72.5 70.9 71.1 69.6 68.2 67.4 68.3 70.0 71.3 72.3 72.3 Mean (4) 64.4 (4) 62.4 (4) 62.9 (4) 65.1 (4) 70.0 (4) 75.0 (4) 79.4 (5) 80.1 (5) 80.4 (5) 77.1 (5) 71.1 (5) 66.7 71.2 Readings at 8 a.m. and 6 p.m. Source - OSBF 102 0 Monthly and Annual Mean Surface Water Temperatures, F FRHNG PAN SHOALS LIGHTSHIP 0 33 28'N. 0 77 34 'W. Year Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr. May _June__ July Aug. Sept. 81.2 Oct. 75.6 Nov. 73.2 Dec. 70.4 Ann. 1947 82.0 48 66.2 63.8 64.0 69.9 - - 81.8 81.5 80.9 75.0 74.3 71.0 (73.1) 49 68.6 64.2 63.2 65.2 - - 81.6 80.6 78.8 77.6 70.4 67.6 (72.2) 1950 68.5 65.6 66.6 66.8 - - 79.0 80.8 79.8 77.0 72.8 65.9 (72.7) 1951 61.0 61.9 61.4 62.8 _ _ 78.2 81.0 81.0 73.6 66.7 61.7 (69.9) 52 62.9 63.0 62.0 - 74.2 79.6 80.6 82.2 79.0 74.6 69.8 63.9 (71.4) 53 63.1 61.2 - - - 77.6 80.5 80.3 79.5 75.5 69.4 68.5 (71.3) 54 63.2 60.6 61.0 - - 77.2 79.9 78.3 75.3 71.6 65.2 60.2 (69.2) 1955 57.9 55.5 62.0 65.6 71.0 74.3 80.2 79.8 78.0 74.8 68.2 64.4 69.3 1956 60.0 62.0 60.6 62.7 71.2 76.1 79.8 80.1 78.8 - - - _ (9) (9) (8) (6) (3) (5) (9) (10) (10) (9) (9) (9) Mean 63.4 62.0 62.6 65.5 72.1 77.0 80.2 80.7 79.2 75.0 70.0 66.0 71.1 Readings at 0130, 0730, 1330 and 1930 EST. Source - NTOC 103 o Monthly and Ailnual Mean Surface Water Temperatures, F' SMITHVILLE, NORTH CAROLINA 33 $2»N. 78 OO'W. (?) Year Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr. May June July Aug. Sept. Oct. Nov. Dec. Ann. 1880 - - 58.8 63.5 73.14 79.6 87.0 80.3 78.8 68.2 58.0 U8.5 (66.2) 1881 U3.2 U8.1 52.8 57.5 - 79.7 83.5 81.7 81.1 73.9 6U.2 5U.3 (66.0) 82 50.6 53.24 - - 71.2 - 82.9 83.6 77.3 70.1 59.0 li9.1 (66.0) 83 - i;9.5 55.U - 69.ii 78.6 8U.2 82.2 75.8 70.7 61.6 55.1 (65.9) 8U U6.2 58.0 57.2 - 7h.0 77.7 - 81.1 - 72.8 61.2 - (66.8) 1885 50.1 W.U U9.5 60.7 72.6 78.9 82.6 83.8 75.2 67.6 60.6 50.2 65.0 1886 U5.3 U7.8 52.2 62.9 73.U 78.3 80.7 80.2 79.7 71.2 - - (65.3) (5) (6) (6) (U) (6) (6) (6) (7) (6) (7) (6) (5) Mean U7.1 50.9 5U.3 61.2 72.3 78.8 83.5 81.8 78.0 70.7 60.8 51. U 65.9 Cape Fear River, foot of Government Wharf. 1880-June 1381 incl., readings at 1 p.m. July 1881 etc., readings at 2 p.m., 75th meridian time. Source - U3CFF 104. o Monthly and Annual Mean Surface Water Tanperatures, F 0 0 WILMINGTON, NOKTK CyJlOLTNA 34 lA'N. 77 57'W, Year Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr. May June July Aug. Sept. Oct. Nov. Dec. Ann. 65.0 54.5 50.0 - 64.9 57.7 48.7 64.4 66.0 59.7 52.4 (65.2) 70.1 57.3 48.9 64.9 74.7 64.4 61.2 (67.3) 70.5 59.5 - (69.6) 63.0 52.7 (66.1) 70.4 57.9 46.6 (65.4) 68.1 57.8 - (66.2) 74.4 60.8 - 70.0 - - (65.1) (64.2) (10) (11) (10) (9) (11) (9) (10) (8) (10) (10) (10) (7) Mean 46.5 49.8 55.1 62.6 71.7 79.6 83.8 81.2 77.1 69.4 59.3 51.5 65.6 1873 - - - - - - - - 74.3 74 48.0 48.0 56.0 63.3 68.1 80.7 82.0 78.5 76.5 1875 44.5 46.8 - - - - - - - 1876 _ _ . •, _ .. _ _ _ 77 - - 56.4 61.5 68.9 78.8 84.6 82.7 75.2 78 46.7 47.1 53.0 61.1 70.1 76.9 84.6 84.1 78.5 79 44.8 48.4 58.8 62.2 71.0 80.9 83.7 80.7 - 1880 57.4 58.2 61.4 69.9 77.8 83.3 85.8 - 78.6 1881 42.5 48.0 56.1 58.3 75.1 80.9 85.7 _ 80.7 82 - 53.1 - - 70.6 79.3 83.7 81.8 76.8 83 46.2 53.4 52.2 61.2 70.3 - 84.7 83.2 73.6 84 43.6 54.1 55.1 - 73.3 - - 78.8 - 1885 49.3 46.1 49.0 61.9 72.7 77.8 84.0 - 78.1 1886 42.0 44.5 53.2 63.8 71.2 78.2 79.3 80.0 78.4 Cape Pear River, foot of Market Street; 1875 - Princess Street; March 1884 - near Custom House Wharf j October 1884 - Princess Street. 1873-Oet. 1879 incl., readings at 3p.ni. Nov. 1379-June IS^^l incl., readings at 1 p.m. July 1881 etc. readings at 2p.m. Source - USCFF 105 Monthly and Annual Mean Surface VJater Tenperatures, F RATTLESNAKE SHOAL LIGHTSHIP 32°liU'00" N. 79°li3'lj.U"W. Year Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr. May June July Aug. Sept. Oct. Nov. Dec. Ann. 1878 79 1880 1881 82 83 8U 1885 1886 87 88 89 1890 1891 92 93 9h U8.7 59.5 U8.7 55.0 50.1 50.0 52.7 U6.5 U8.3 53.2 53.8 60. [i 51.5 50.8 i;5.6 53.1 51.2 57.3 51.0 57.2 5I4.8 57.3 51.1 li9.2 5U.6 5U.1 50.3 60.0 56.8 52.U 50.7 53.2 55.8 63.0 55.1 61.2 55.9 58.5 53.7 52.9 56.6 56.8 5U.3 57.8 57.0 51.5 5h.6 57.6 63. Ii 66.0 59.9 66.9 63.2 6U.5 61. li 62.3 62.2 65.1 62.2 65.3 6U.9 62.1 62.6 63.2 71.7 7I1.I 72.1 73.1; 72.9 71.8 73. Ii 77.9 79.3 72.1 80.2 73.2 79.0 71.1 79.0 73.6 76.6 70.5 78.1i 78.6 78.8 78.7 77.8 81.3 71.7 79.9 71.2 78.0 70.0 77.3 71. 9-' - 82.9 81i.0 811.2 81.8 83.2 81.6 81.U 81.2 80.0 80,7 82.5 81.2 80.7 80.1j 81.6 83.8 82.8 82.6 83.6 81.3 81.8 80.2 82.7 83.5 79.5 82.U 82.U 81.3 76.3 81.1 82.7 80.9 77.6 80.2 78.9 79.6 76.8 79.8 79.0 80.2 79.6 77.6 78. U 72. U 63.1 5U.i4 - 7U.3 63.3 59.3 67.2 71.9 61.7 53.8 69.6 76.2 67.3 57.5 68.] 73.7 62.6 52.1 68.8 73. U 63.9 57.6 67.8 76.0 65.0 57.6 68.5 70.6 63.1 53.6 66.U 72.6 71.0 69.5 70.0 73.0 69.U 71.0 69. U 63.5 61.1 63.1 6U.6 65.5 60.1 52.8 5U.2 53.1 59.1' 56.2 66.7 67.5 67.0 69.8 59, 55.2 67.5 55.5 - 7 5U.5 - (U) (16) (16) Mean 52.6 53.8 56.6 (16) (16) (15) (Hi) (Hi) (15) (16) (15) (16) 63. U 72.2 78.7 81.8 82.1 79.2 72.2 63.2 55. U 67.6 *Moved to 32 ii2.1'N 79 I|6.1'V; as Charleston Bar Lightship Readings at first high water and first low water after 7 a.m. Source - USGFF 106 Monthly and Annual Mean Sijrface Water Tenperatures, °F CHARLESTON BAR LIGHTSHIP 32°42.1'N. 79°46.1'W. Year Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr. May June July Au^. Sept. Oct. Nov. Dec. Ann. 1894 1895 49.5 47.2 54.1 62.4 71.4 78.6 77.9 81.3 81.2 82.8 8:^.8 81.1 81.1 72.4 69.9 63.0 61.8 57.2 53.6 66.1 1896 97 98 99 1900 50.9 53.3 50.4 51.6 51.3 50.2 50.0 46.8 48.2 47.2 54.9 59.2 55.8 54.5 51.8 63.1 63.2 62.2 60.1 60.9 74.4 69.3 70.3 70.8 61.2 80.4 77.8 78.5 76.5 77.8 83.1 80.5 81.4 80.3 79.8 81.7 81.0 82.1 80.9 81.2 79.9 77.2 77.8 78.6 80.0 69.1 70.0 71.6 69.9 74.4 65.8 63.7 61.4 62.9 64.5 54.1 57.2 50.9 55.3 54.7 67.6 66.8 66.1 65.6 65.1 1901 02 03 04 1905 51.4 49.6 47.6 48.7 49.3 51.9 46.2 47.2 41.0 43.9* 53.0 54.5 58.6 55.0 60.5 60.8 63.2 61.1 69.4 72.2 69.1 70.5 75.1 78.0 77.4 78.2 80.3 83.2 80.6 81.9 82.3 82.2 83.6 81,9 78.2 76.9 78.4 78.9 70.8 72.9 70.4 72.0 58.9 65.6 60.8 61.6 50.4 57.6 48.6 52.7 65.0 66.7 66.0 65.6 Mean (11) (11) 48.7 48.9 (10) 55.1 (10) 61.8 (10) 69.9 (11) 77.8 (11) 81.2 (11) 82.0 (11) 78.9 (11) 71.2 (11) 62.7 (11) 53.8 66.0 *Moved to new postion 32°41.0'N 79°13.5'W Readings at first high water and first low water after 7 a.m. Source - U3CFF 107 Monthly and Annual Mean Surface Water Temperatures, °F CHAHLESTON BAR LIGHTSHIP, S.C. 32°41.0«N 79°43.5'W Year Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr. May June July Aug. Sept. Oct. Nov. Dec. Ann. 1905 - - 52.4 65.6 73.6 79.2 83.0 82.0 81.0 75.0 63.0 54.4 (67.7) 1906 53.7 50.7 56.0 62.5 70.5 79.0 81.0 81.2 79.4 71.6 62.2 56.8 67.0 56.0 68.9 75.9 80.3 80.6 79-4 70.5 60.9 54.3 65.8 64.7 71.9 - - - 77.0 69.0 62.7 58.6 (66.7) 63.1 71.0 78.6 80.2 81.4 77.5 69.9 65.1 55.0 67.3 64.0 69.1 76.7 - 79.3 78.8 75.6 60.3 50.6 (65.6) 1911 50.5 54.1 55.4 - 70.1 79.4 82.1 79.8 (5) (6) (7) (6) (7) (6) (5) (6) (6) (6) (6) (6) Mean 52.1 51.3 55.7 62.6 70.7 78.1 81.3 80.7 78.8 71.9 62.4 55.0 66.7 Readings at first high water and first low rater after 7 a.m. Source - USBF 07 53.9 51.6 56.9 08 49.5 55.6 09 54.8 53.8 57.2 1910 47.6 48.0 56.3 lOB Monthly and Annual Mean Surface Aater Temperatures, °F CH.'iRLLSTON LIGHTSHIP 32°40.7'N 79°42.9'W (1925-28) 32 41.0 N 79 43.0 W (1929-33) Apr. May June July Aug. Sept. Oct. Nov. Dec. Ann. 71.7 77.4 81.9 81.5 81.6 75.5 62.0 54.1 - 59.5 68.0 75.4 79.2 82.1 81.4 73.6 60.0 54.8 65.5 61.6 66.2 74.3 76.8 80.3 76.5 73.7 62.5 54.4 64.6 66.6 71.3 76.1 79.9 80.5 77.3 70.1 65.5 54.5 66.9 62.6 72.3 76.6 79.4 78.7 81.6 71.7 60.7 52.8 66.6 60.8 70.1 77.2 83.2 79.2 80.3 74.1 66.1 62.8 67.2 63.0 71.8 77.8 81.6 79.8 78.5 72.4 63.3 55.7 68.5 63.7 72.4 78.8 - - - - - - - (7) (7) (7) (7) (8) (8) (7) (7) (7) (7) (7) (7) Mean 52.4 52.8 55.2 62.5 70.5 76.7 80.3 80.3 79.6 73.0 62.9 55.6 66.8 Readings at 8 am. and 6 pm. Source - USBF Year Jan. Feb. Mar. 1925 - - 1926 27 28 29 1930 48.3 51.1 47.6 48.3 52.5 51.0 53.2 53.8 52.4 53.2 57.2 55.5 1931 32 33 48.0 51.4 60.9 60.4 56.6 53.8 53.4 57.0 57.8 109 Monthly and Annual Mean Surface Water Tanperatures, °F CHARLESTON, S.C. 32°47'N. 79°55'W. Year Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr. May June July Aug. Sept. Oct, Nov. Dec. Ann. 1873 . . . . . . 82.9 79.5 69.8 60.9 74 - - 67.1 71.0 83.6 82.2 83.1 76.0 71.5 62.6 57.2 - 1875 49.1 50.0 — ~ ~ " " — — — — — — 1876 77 : : 56.5 61.6 70.2 79.2 84.2 84.5 80.2 71.9 63.8 53.8 "(67.4) 78 51.4 52.7 60.8 68.0 74.2 78.7 83.3 83.9 72.1 70.9 60.6 51.6 67.4 79 45.0 50.0 56.4 63.7 73.5 79.9 - 81.8 75.7 72.5 60.2 57.6 (66.6) 1880 58.5 56.9 - 65.5 74.5 80.5 84.2 83.0 77.4 69.7 59.5 54.1 (68.3) 1881 51.3 54.2 59.2 74.8 82.0 84.2 83.3 82.5 73.4 64.9 55.3 (68.0) 82 54.4 56.3 - - 73.6 - 82.7 83.7 82.1 72.6 61.1 50.4 (68.2) 83 50.0 55.7 55.6 64.8 72.8 81.8 85.8 84.3 78.0 73.6 62.6 55.9 68.4 84 49.1 - 58.9 64.6 - - 82.2 - 79.6 74.9 61.9 54.8 (68.0) 1885 49.0 49.8 52.2 62.9 72.8 80.4 82.8 83.0 78.7 68.6 61.4 50.7 66.0 1886 42.6 48.4 53.2 64.3 73.6 79.9 83.7 82.4 80.4 71.7 61.6 50.4 66.0 87 46.8 55.6 56.7 62.4 75.0 80.4 83.2 83.6 76.9 69.9 58.9 52.2 66.8 88 51.6 53.7 55.8 64.8 73.1 81.3 83.2 85.0 80.4 69.7 63.4 51.6 67.8 89 50.4 55.2 - 73.8 79.4 82.7 81.8 - 69.1 63.4 57.2 (67.2) 1890 59.4 58.7 58.5 65.4 74.8 83.0 84.0 84.9 81.6 73.5 - - (70.0) (12) (13) (12) (13) (14) (13) (14) (15) (15) (16) (15) (14) Mean 50.6 53.0 56.2 64.2 73.4 80.8 83.4 83.4 78.7 71.4 61.8 53.8 67.6 End of pier. April '74 Atlantic Wharf, midway between Cooper and Ashley Hivers, S.E. oomer of S. Atlantic Wharf. Feb. '79, S. end. Pier 2. 1873-June 1381 incl., readings at 3 p.m. July 1881 etc., readings between 1:40 and 2 p.m., 75th meridian time. Source - USCFF 110 Monthly and ijiinual liean Surface Water Temperatures, F MARTIN'S INDUSTRY LIGHTSHIP 32°o5'31"N. 80°35'07"'V. Year Jan . Feb. Mar. Apr. Uay June July »UR. Sept. Oct. Nov. Dec. Ann. 1878 79 1880 50.4 59.6 51.0 57.8 56.3 64.0 63.1 66.8 71.7 73.5 78.1 79.1 82.8 84.4 82.9 84.0 78.4 81.2 73.3 74.3 72.6 64.9 64.9 62.6 56.0 60.4 54.2 67.8 70.0 1881 82 83 84 1885 48.7 56.0 49.7 51.5 53.8 50.8 57.6 54.4 54.9 52.1 55.6 60.6 56.9 58.2 53.9 59.9 66.9 63.5 64.9 61.9 71.4 71.2 70.5 72.1 71.5 79.4 78.4 79.2 77.1 80.1 83.4 81.9 83.6 82.5 83.8 83.1 82.7 83.9 82.5 85.1 81.4 80.9 79.1 81.3 81.3 76.5 73.8 74.7 77.7 72.1 68.5 63.5 65.1 66.7 65.0 58.4 52.5 58.5 60.0 56.0 68.1 68.8 68.2 69.1 68.0 1886 87 88 89 1890 48.6 48.6 53.5 52.2 59.2 48.9 53.6 53.9 51.2 59.8 53.5 57.0 55.4 53.5 59.0 63.2 61.8 63.7 61.7 65.2 73.0 72.9 70.9 69.5 73.4 81.3 79.0 76.1 80.4 84.2 82.9 82.3 81.0 83.5 81.7 83.3 84.0 81.0 82.0 80.2 77.6 80.7 79.3 81.0 73.9 72.0 71.0 71.8 74.5 65.4 62.8 65.4 66.5 65.2 54.4 54.8 53.1 58.8 57.8 67.4 67.2 (67.7) 66.9 70.1 1891 92 93 94 1895 52.4 51.4 48.4 55.7 51.9 56.1 51.6 51.1 54.4 47.6 57.0 54.4 57.0 58.8 54.2 63.8 63.2 64.2 65.3 62.4 71.1 71.5 71.6 74.1 72.0 79.4 78.8 79.6 78.0 81.7 80.9 83.3 81.2 83.3 82.5 82.2 83.0 80.1 79.3 80.7 82.1 81.1 71.1 72.2 73.7 73.2 71.6 61.7 63.9 63.6 64.0 62.4 55.9 67.8 58.1 67.3 56.8 67.9 59.3 69.1 55.7 (66.9) 1896 97 98 99 1900 51.8 51.9 53.5 50.7 50.7 53.6 52.1 50.6 50.0 55.7 58.4 55.9 55.4 52.9 63.7 64.6 63.0 61.4 61.5 74.4 71.1 71.7 72.2 71.0 80.4 79.7 79.9 77.8 77.9 82.9 82.9 82.9 80.5 81.3 81.9 82.8 83.3 82.2 82.1 80.5 78.0 78.7 80.6 82.4 70.7 71.3 74.4 70.4 76.3 66.4 65.5 62.9 65.2 67.0 55.3 57.8 53.8 57.7 56.7 68.1 (68.0) 67.7 67.0 67.5 1901 02 03 04 1905 52.7 50.6 53.2 60.4 - 75.8 82.0 81.7 79.6 71.1 - . (66.6) - - 52.9 64.6 73.0 78.4 82.9 82.2 80.9 - 62.8 53.9 (67.5) 1906 07 08 09 1910 52.1 55.6 52.7 56.2 49.3 51.0 52.6 50.4 54.5 49.7 55.4 58.3 56.8 59.2 57.0 63.1 59.9 66.5 63.9 64.3 71.1 70.0 73.0 71.5 70.7 79.1 77.7 81.2 79.9 78.4 83.0 83.0 82.8 82.1 81.4 83.9 82.9 83.7 82.0 82.0 81.8 78.6 80.6 72.5 71.9 70.7 76.7 62.4 62.4 63.4 62.8 57.9 56.4 59.7 57.5 53.0 67.8 67.7 68.3 (68.8) 67.2 1911 51.3 55.0 57.1 63.2 71.0 80.0 83.4 83.5 82.4 78.2 64.0 - (68.8) Mean (29) 52.4 (28) 52.7 (30) 56.4 (30) 63.4 (29) 71.8 (28) 78.9 (29) 82.6 (28) 82.8 (29) 80.4 (29) 73.2 (29) 64.4 (29) 56.6 68.0 Readings at first high water and first low water after 7 a.m. Source - USCFF, USBF Ill o Monthly and Annual Mean Surface Water Temperatures, F SAVAMAH LIGHTSHIP 3i°55.5'N. 0 80 39.6'W. Year Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr. May June July Aug. Sept. Oct. Nov. Dec. Ann. 19U7 ^ . _ . . 77.9 80.9 83.0 82.1 72.1 65.9 55.7 U8 51.5 h9.h 55.9 66.0 7U.0 79.1i 83.2 83.0 80.2 71.1 67.3 61.8 68.6 h9 57.6 59.6 60.3 65.5 73.7 78.1 82.7 8U.2 80.8 70.9 6U.8 53.5 69.3 1950 51j.2 57.5 5U.2 60.3 72.7 78.6 79.0 82.8 81.1 73.9 67.8 5U.0 68.0 1951 51. Ij ii8.8 5U.2 63.7 70.3 78.5 83.li 8U.6 82.i4 7I1.6 6U.5 56.9 67.8 52 5U.6 52.3 51*. 6 61i.8 72.U 8l.li 83.7 31i.li 79.5 71.5 65.1 61.2 68.8 53 53.5 55.5 60.0 - - - 82.5 82.7 80.2 - - - _ 51 _ - _ 66.8 73.1 78.5 - - - - - - - 1955 52.5 - - - - - - - 79.3 - - - - (7) (6) (6) (6) (6) (7) (7) (7) (8) (6) (6) (6) Mean 53.6 53.9 56.5 61.5 72.7 78.9 82.2 83.5 80.7 72.1; 65.9 57.2 68.5 Readings at 0130, 0730, 1330 and 1930 EST. Source - NWRC 112 Monthly and Annual Mean Surface Water Temperatures, *'F SAVAI^IJAH, GEORGIA 32 05'N. 81 05'W. Year Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr. May June July Aug. Sept. Oct. Nov. Dec, Ann. 68.1 55.2 51.7 - 68.1 61.2 51.9 66.9 71.1 61.0 51.3 (67.1) 71.3 - li9.6 (68. Ij) 69.5 56.2 51.8 (66.6) 69.1j - - (68.1) 75.1 63.3 5a. 9 (66.7) 71.7 60.5 h7.l4 (68.1i) 7U.2 62.8 - (68.0) 75.6 61.6 - (67.7) 65.7 57.5 U8.7 65.8 70.9 58.8 h7.0 (65.1) (12) (10) (9) 70.9 59.8 50.5 67.0 1873 7U 1875 U9.7 U8.5 52.1. U9.2 59.8 66.3 69.7 82.6 81.9 82.7 77.2 76.6 1876 77 78 79 1880 U8.t, U6.8 56.1 51.8 52.U 53.8 57.5 61.3 61.0 62.5 62.5 69.3 65.3 6U.9 71.1 77.0 7U.8 73.2 80.U 81.3 8U.7 85.7 85.1 85.9 8li.U 86.1i 80.1 82.6 79.7 79.2 76.0 78.8 1881 82 83 8U 1885 U5.1; 5U.5 U8.2 U7.U 50.3 51.3 55.2 58.0 57.3 U6.h 55.U 62.9 55.7 58.1 52.9 60.8 68.8 65.1 65.9 73.7 72.8 75.9 75.0 80.6 81.3 76.5 79.9 8U.6 8U.7 80.5 8ii.9 78.9 83.7 85.0 83.3 8U.3 76.5 77.6 78.7 80.3 78.2 1886 87 U5.3 U8.0 56.8 5U.7 57.0 63.2 72.7 76.9 78.3 8l.li 79.9 Mean (11) U9.1 (12) 52.7 (12) 58.2 (10) 65.2 (10) 73.6 (8) 79.9 (10) 83.6 (11) 83.0 (12) 78.2 Exchange Vftarf , 1873-75 Drayton St. '^arf, 1877-87 1873-Oct. 1379 incl., readings at 3 p.m. Nov. 1879-June 1881 incl., readings at 1 p.m. July 1881 etc., readings at 1:4-0 p.m. Source - USCFF U3 Monthly and Annual Mean Surface Water Ten^ratures, °F BRUNSWICK LIfflTSHIP STATION, GA. 31°00.2'N. 81°09'W. Year Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr. May June July Attg. Sept. Oct. Nov. Dec. Ann. 1925 --- ._--- 82.2 77.0 64.7 56.2 - 1926 51.5 54.1 55.3 61.8 69.4 76.2 79.0 79.4 81.4 77.3 65.0 60.9 67.6 27 - 60.3 61.9 68.4 73-1 80.3 82.0 80.1 81.3 74.8 67.8 60.7 (70.3) ?8 53.3 53.5 56.6 65.3 69.6 75.6 75.4 80.3 79.2 75.9 66.6 57.8* 67.4 (2) (3) (3) (3) (3) (3) (3) (3) (4) (4) (4) (4) Mean 52.4 56.0 57.9 65.2 70.7 77.4 78.8 79.9 81.0 76.2 66.0 58.9 68.4 * Moved to 30°30.0'N 810l8'W and renamed St. Johns Lightship Readings at 8 am and 6 pm Source - U3BF lU o Monthly and Annual Mean Surface V/ater Temperatures, F ST. JOHNS LIGHTSHIP, FLORIDA 30°30.0«N. 81 l8'W. Year Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr. May June July Aug. Sept. Oct. Nov. Dec. Ann. 1929 - 55.5 61.1 69.0 7U.5 78.8 82.3 79.8 80.5 73.6 70.8 60.3* - *Moved to 30°23.0»N. 81 l8'W Off St. Johns Bar Readings at 8 9,ni. and 6 p.m. Source - D3BF 115 o Monthly and Annual Mean Surface Water Temperatures, F o o ST. JOHNS LIGHTSHIP, ST. JOHNS BAR, FLORIDA . 30 23.0'N. 81 18'W. Year Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr. May June July Aug. Sept. Oct. Nov. Dec. Ann. 1930 56.2 56.5 60.0 67.0 75.4 76.2 77.4 78.6 79.9 73-3 63.3 55-9 (68.3) 1931 52.7 54Ji 56.7 63.6 71.4 77.9 81.8 77.7 80.6 76.0 69-7 67.6 (69.2) 32 66.1 65.2 61.1 66.5 74.0 79.1 79.6 78.4 80.7 75-4 68.0 59.8 (71.2) 33 59.6 58.8 61.7 67.6 75.8 78.9 81.6 82.7 83.6 76.4 - 65.5 (71.7) 34 60.7 56.1 56.5 64.9 73.7 78.3 - - - _ _ _ _ (5) (5) (5) (5) (5) (5) (4) (4) (4) (4) (3) (4) Mean 59.1 58.2 59.2 65.9 74.1 78.1 80.1 79.4 81.2 75.3 67.0 62.2 70.0 Readings at 8 a.m. and 6 p.m. Source - USBF 116 o Monthly and Annual Mean Surface V/ater Temperatures, F ST. JOHNS LIGHTSHIP 0 30 23.5 'N 0 . 81 18.0'W • Year Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr. May June July Aug. Sept. Oct. Nov. Dec. Ann. 1947 48 49 1950 55.6 63.0 59.4 52.8 62.7 62.2 59.3 63.3 62.0 68.7 68.1 65.8 76.1 74.0 74.6 78.3 80.5 78.9 80.4 79.4 82.4 83.0 77.0 82.1 80,5 81.1 78.9 82.4 81.0 80.8 79.2 74.6 73.4 77.1 74.6 69.8 70.7 68.6 68.2 59.4 66.4 61.2 55.1 70.6 71.8 69.8 1951 52 53 54 55.8 59.2 58.4 58.7 56.9 58.8 58.7 61.7 61.2 63.8 58.7 66.5 66.2 65.6 68.9 73.6 73.5 71.7 73.7 79.3 79.7 79.0 78.1 81.7 76.9 82.5 81.9 81.8 76.9 82.6 82.6 81.5 79.0 80.4 83.1 76.8 73.5 75.3 67.1 65.9 66.3 59.5 59.7 61.3 70.2 69.2 (70.5) Mean (7) 58.6 (6) 58.7 (7) 61.4 (7) 67.1 (7) 73.9 (8) 79.3 (8) 80.6 (8) 80.8 (8) 80.9 (7) 75.0 (7) 68.1 (7) 60.4 70.4 Readings at 0130, 0730, 1330 and 1930 EST Source - NUIRC 117 Monthly and /innual Mean Surface Water Temperatures, F JACKSONVILLE, FLORIDA 30 19'N. 81°38'iV. Year Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr. May June July Auk. Sept. Oct. Nov. Use. nnn. 1873 _ _ . ^ _ _ _ 84.1 81.7 73.2 63.5 60.3 _ Ik 55.0 61.1 68.4 74.2 78.8 85.6 84.3 85.5 81.4 75.0 67.7 62.2 73.3 1875 59.4 No records 1876 No recordp 77 - 58.4 62.6 65.7 71.2 79.7 82.5 81.7 80.1 70.8 63.5 57.4 - 78 54.8 58.3 66.2 73.8 80.6 84.2 87.2 87.0 82.0 74.4 66.1 57.1 72.6 79 54.1 58.4 66.0 69.8 77.3 82.8 86.7 85.7 80. ^ 77.0 68.4 6/,. 7 72.6 1880 65.0 62.8 71.6 73.4 77.6 83.8 87.4 81.6 73.5 - - - - 1881 54.0 58.8 61.8 66.9 80.2 85.5 87.1 84.3 83.9 79.0 70.6 61.5 72.8 82 62.2 64.2 - - 77.8 - 85.7 86.3 83.0 76.3 65.9 55.9 - 83 56.8 67.3 63.4 72.7 77.8 84.1 88.8 86.9 81.8 78.9 68.5 - - 8^ 54.9 63.9 67.1 - 80.8 80.0 85.8 85.8 82.6 77.5 68.3 - - 1885 58.7 57.3 60.8 71.5 77.6 - - 85.7 83.2 73.4 64.8 55.6 - 1886 50.7 54.1 60.1 69.4 78.3 84.9 83.7 85.0 82.2 74.7 65.6 55.2 70.3 87 52.0 66.3 63.4 ------ ___- (12) (12) (11) (9) (11) (9) (10) (12) (12) (11) (11) (9) Mean 56.5 60.9 64.7 70.8 78.0 83.4 85.9 85.0 81.3 75.5 66.6 58.9 72.3 Atlantic Dock, Pine St., Aug. 1873-Feb. 1877; East Side, Pine St., Mar. 1877-Dec. 1877; Foot of Pine St., Jan. 1878-Aug. 1878; Roots "/harf, Sept. 1878- July 1880; nstors ■■.'harf, Aug. 1880-Uar. 1887. 1873-Oct. 1879 inol., readings at 3 p.m. Nov. 1879-June 1881 incl., readings at 1 p.m. July 1881 etc., readings at 1:40 p.m. Source - U3CFF 118 Monthly and Annual Mean Surface Water Tenperatures, °F FOVffiY ROCKS LIGHTHOUSE, FLORIDA 25°35'25"N. 8O°05'a"W. Year Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr. May June July Auk. Sept. Oct. Nov. Dec. Ann. 1879 . . 73.5 80.2 81.1 81.2 76.6 76.9 76.3 1880 - 74.6 74.4 75.9 77.7 81.7 84.4 84.0 83.2 81.2 79.0 75.2 - 1881 73.2 74.1 72.2 74.6 79.3 82.9 84.9 84.2 83.4 80.7 78.4 76.3 78.7 82 74.0 73.9 75.4 77.9 79.2 82.9 84.6 84.3 83.4 81.6 76.8 74.7 79.0 83 74.5 75.7 74.2 77.4 78.5 82.3 84.2 85.0 84.2 81.9 77.8 75.7 79.3 84 73.5 74.6 74.4 75.8 78.5 80.6 83.6 84.2 84.0 80.3 77.6 75.3 78.5 1885 74.9 71.7 71.3 76.6 80.0 81.4 84.4 86.0 85.3 80.8 75.2 72.1 78.3 1886 70.7 70.6 72.8 74.9 79.6 83.0 83.7 83.9 83.7 80.7 76.5 72.4 77.7 87 71.2 75.6 73.3 75.7 78.2 81.2 84.7 85.5 83.4 82.2 77.1 75.3 78.6 88 74.9 73.8 72.9 75.5 75.9 81.1 86.2 85.8 82.1 79.4 77.8 73.0 78.2 89 73.0 72.2 73.1 74.5 78.9 82.1 84.0 84.2 82.5 80.1 78.2 75.4 78.2 1890 74.6 75.5 74.0 75.8 79.3 83.1 84.0 84.9 84.3 82.0 77.8 73.4 79.0 1891 _ 75.8 74.8 76.7 78.4 81.7 85.0 84.6 83.5 78.7 75.8 75.4 — 92 73.4 72.8 73.1 75.6 78.2 79.6 83.2 84.1 83.8 80.1 75.0 74.7 77.8 93 71.4 74.6 74.5 75.9 78.3 82.8 85.3 85.2 83.8 80.2 76.6 74.5 78.6 94 74.0 73.8 73.7 75.2 76.7 80.0 83.2 85.8 84.5 78.8 75.2 73.6 77.9 1895 73.1 68.4 73.3 74.8 78.2 79.6 82.9 83.7 84.9 79.0 75.8 71.2 77.1 1896 69.3 70.2 72.2 75.1 79.8 82.9 85.9 86.5 86.0 81.6 81.9 71.2 78.6 97 69.6 71.6 73.6 73.2 75.8 82.5 85.2 87.2 82.4 78.4 75.5 74.0 77.4 98 71.5 70.8 72.4 77.3 77.4 81.6 84.4 85.1 86.1 81.4 74.2 64.9 77.2 99 71.4 68.1 72.9 76.8 80.4 82.1 82.9 83.8 82.0 80.2 77.6 71.7 77.5 1900 67.4 - - 72.2 74.7 77.3 82.0 81.3 81.0 78.7 73.9 71.0 - 1901 70.1 67.2 70.2 75.6 74.5 75.0 75.0 82.5 81.3 80.1 71,2 67.7 74.2 02 64.6 69.0 70.3 72.0 74.2 74.4 76.1 74.4 74.6 73.5 76.3 73.9 72.8 03 70.9 76.3 72.0 74.8 73.3 76.0 75.4 75.7 75.8 73.5 71.5 70.8 73.8 04 69.4 69.6 70.0 71.8 71.2 73.0 81.0 81.8 81.8 78.1 76.7 72.4 74.7 1905 69.8 76.0 76.8 78.0 82.0 83.0 85.5 84.9 83.0 79.9 77.4 72.7 79.1 1906 70.0 70.6 73.8 77.6 79.0 83.5 84.2 84.1 85.4 81.1 77.6 72.0 78.2 07 72.7 71.3 77.2 73.5 82.3 81.3 82.3 85.3 83.8 81.1 77.0 76.0 78.6 08 71.4 71.6 76.5 77.0 83.6 84.3 86.8 85.0 83.6 79.2 79.8 77.6 79.7 09 76.8 71.8 79.4 82.3 83.9 82.7 84.7 84.9 82.7 81.5 75.9 70.8 79.8 1910 71.0 70.2 72.8 75.0 76.2 83.9 83.6 85.5 82.6 79.9 73.7 69.6 77.0 1911 72.7 74.5 72.8 76.9 77.2 82.6 82.8 83.8 83.3 82.6 80.2 77.0 78.9 12 75.9 71.8 74.9 78.6 80.2 81.8 82.6 83.2 84.1 84.2 78.1 75.8 79.3 13 73.1 74.5 - - 80.2 83.4 85.4 85.1 82.4 81.5 79.6 74.2 - 14 71.4 72.6 73.3 77.9 79.3 83.2 84.3 84.0 82.6 81.1 73.3 76.5 78.3 1915 73.0 71.8 72.0 72.5 80.5 81.6 83.2 83.5 82.8 81.9 78.2 71.1 77.7 1916 73.6 73.1 74.0 73.8 76.3 82.5 83.1 83.3 82.0 79.4 75.4 72.4 77.4 17 73.1 70.0 73.0 74.0 76.7 81.2 83.2 82.8 82.7 80.9 74.6 69.2 76.8 18 70.7 73.1 75.4 76.9 79.6 81.5 83.3 83.8 82.5 81.3 77.2 73.1 78.2 19 69.4 71.6 76.8 74.5 79.4 81.8 82.7 84.0 82.7 82.9 77.0 75.5 78.2 1920 72.3 71.0 73.7 79.4 79.2 80.8 83.7 82.6 82.0 78.3 76.1 74.2 77.8 119 Monthly and Annual Mean Surface Water Temperatures, F FO.VEY HOCKS LIGIlTHOnSE (continued) Year Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr. May June July AUR. Sept, 1921 72.4 73.8 73.7 75.4 78.3 81.3 83.6 81.3 76.2 22 23 73.7 73.3 74.5 77.3 80.1 82.5 83.9 82.7 81.0 24 1925 "■ ^ : ^ 78.6 81.4 83.9 85.3 84.2 1926 27 28 72.3 70.0 70.4 75.1 77.1 78.9 82.9 83.4 82.6 70.7 70.8 71.8 72.3 74.1 80.2 81.8 82.2 . 29 71.7 72.3 73.6 75.3 77.7 80.2 83.1 84.1 84.0 1930 75.5 74.4 74.4 76.0 80.1 81.3 84.0 85.4 84.2 1931 71.7 72.4 72.0 75.4 78.9 82.1 85.0 85.8 84.9 32 76.1 76.7 75.2 76.2 79.5 82.8 84.6 85.0 80.2 33 71.5 75.4 72.5 77.5 80.7 82.3 84.1 85.1 84.4 34 74.7 71.9 74.7 76.9 79.1 81.8 85.2 85.6 84.1 (49) (50) (50) (51) (53) (53) (53) (53) (52) Mean 72.2 72.5 73.6 75.8 78.4 81.2 83.3 83.8 82.8 Oct. Nov. Dec. Ann. 78.3 76.4 74.1 77.1 80.1 76.4 75.4 78.4 82.2 77.9 73.8 - 80.2 76.3 72.4 76.8 79.8 75.3 73.0 - 79.5 77.9 75.4 77.9 81.3 77.3 74.3 79.0 82.5 78.9 78.5 79.0 78.3 74.6 72.4 78.6 81.2 78.4 76.0 79.1 82.6 77.4 75.9 79.2 (52) (52) (52) 80.3 76.7 73.6 77.8 Readings at first high water and first low water after 7 a.m., through 1922. 1925-193A, readings at 8 a.m. and 6 p.m. Source - U3CFF, USBF 120 o Monthly and Annual Mean Surface Water Temperatures, F CARYSFORT REEF LIGHTHOUSE 0 25 13'15"N. 0 80 12'42"W • Year Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr. May June July Aug. Sept. Oct. Nov. Dec. Ann. 1878 _ _ ^ _ _ _ _ _ 79.7 76.7 73.1 _ 79 69.7 72.7 73.8 73.0 79.4 81.8 83.8 85.0 84.6 81.7 79.0 77.0 78.4 1880 76.2 75.7 77.1 78.4 79.8 82.5 84.6 84.6 84.1 82.0 79.9 76.7 80.1 1881 75.3 74.9 73.3 75.8 79.6 8h.O _ . _. 80.1 79.4 76.1 (79.3) 82 77.4 75.1 75.7 76.2 78.9 82.0 83.6 84.0 83.8 81.4 76.3 74.6 79.1 83 73.5 73.3 - 76.8 80.0 83.3 84.5 84.9 84.1 83.2 81.0 78.7 (78.8) 8U 74.1 76.4 76.9 76.9 80.3 83.2 84.8 84.3 84.0 81.5 79.1 76.3 79.8 1885 74.9 72.0 73.3 76.5 80.1 81.8 84.7 86.4 85.8 81.4 76.3 71.8 78.8 1886 70.6 70.9 72.8 75.2 79.6 82.6 83.6 83.8 82.9 81.3 75.6 73.2 77.7 87 71.9 74.8 73.0 75.1 78.5 80.7 84.7 85.6 84.2 81.5 77.0 75.3 78.5 88 75.4 74.4 73.6 76.8 78.4 81.8 84.6 85.9 84.7 81.2 78.7 74.5 79.2 89 72.5 72.8 74.1 75.0 79.1 82.4 83.0 83.5 82.4 79.2 79.9 73.5 78.1 1890 73.8 74.3 — — — - - — — — - - — 1891 92 ~ ~ — — — - — 83.0 82.8 80.0 75.3 73.6 — 93 - 74.0 72.7 75.0 79.1 81.7 84.0 84.6 83.6 79.5 77.2 75.2 (78.3) 94 72.5 73.3 73.2 74.1 76.1 79.9 82.9 85.4 84.0 78.9 77.1 74.8 77.7 1895 71.9 70.4 72.1 73.5 78.5 81.8 85.5 84.3 84.2 81.5 76.8 73.1 77.8 1896 72.2 72.3 72.0 76.4 79.0 82.0 84.0 84.8 83.4 81.2 79.2 75.0 78.4 97 73.3 73.0 75.1 76.4 77.4 82.4 84.9 85.5 83.9 81.8 77.0 76.5 78.9 98 74.6 72.0 72.8 75.5 77.4 81.5 84.4 85.2 85.4 81.2 76.9 73.5 78.4 99 70.1 76.2 76.5 76.1 78.6 80.0 84.0 85.2 84.7 81.0 76.0 74.8 78.6 1900 73.2 - - - - - - - _ _ _ - - (19) (19) (17) (18) (18) (18) (17) (18) (18) (20) (20) (20) Uean 73.3 73.6 74.0 75.7 78.9 82.0 84.2 84.8 84.0 81.0 77.7 74.9 78.7 Readings at first high water and first low water after 7 a.m. Source - USCFF 121 o Monthly And Annual Mean Surface Water Temperatures, F SOMBRERO KEY, FLORIDA 2l.°37.5.N. 8l°07.W. Tear Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr. May June July Aug. Sept. Oct. Nov. Dec. Ann. 1925 - - - - - 82.14 8U.5 86.1 8lt.3 82.9 78. U 7lt.7 - 1926 73.0 70.5 70.3 76.8 77.9 82.3 - - - - - - - 27 28 29 1930 72.U 70.9 71.U 72.2 71.9 73.1 73.8 73.U 73.9 7U.8 75.h 75.2 76.7 77.lt 81.0 82.8 79.6 82.0 8U.I4 81.2 85.6 8U.1 81.5 85.8 83.2 81.0 81t.l 81.2 81.5 7lt.6 76.7 71.7 72.1 77.6 78.5 1931 32 33 3U 69.1i 75.5 7U.5 7U.1 70.1 76.2 7U.5 72.0 68.1 73.lt 73.8 7U.2 7h.6 75.5 77.8 77.2 79.3 79.2 80.3 80.U 82.3 83.3 81.9 81.8 8U.9 86.1 8U.3 85.0 86.0 86.1 8U.2 85.2 83.2 81t.7 83.9 8U.I4 81.5 82.6 8l.lt 82.7 76.5 77.1 76.9 77.7 77.7 75.7 75.0 75.1 77.8 79.6 79.0 79.2 Mean (8) 72.6 (8) 72.6 (8) 72.6 (8) 75.9 (8) 79.0 (9) 82,0 (8) 8U.5 (8) 8U.9 (8) 83.6 (7) 82.0 (7) 76.8 (7) 7lt.6 78.lt Readings at 8 a.m. and 6 p.m. Source - DSBF 122 Monthly and Annual Mean Surface Water Temperatures, F KEY WEST, FLORIDA 24°33'N. 81°48''.V. Year Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr. May June July AuF,. Sept. Oct. Nov. Dec. Ann. 1874 . . . _ _ 85.6 84.4 79.4 75.6 72.3 _ 1875 75.3 74.4 - - - - - - - - - - - 1876 ^ _ _ ^ . .» _ - _ _ _ - - 77 - - 70.9 75.3 80.7 86.7 87.2 88.8 87.8 82.2 76.4 68.8 (79.2) 78 66.7 70.5 74.0 79.8 83.4 87.5 88.0 88.6 85.0 80.8 75.2 68.8 79.0 79 68.8 71.8 75.9 77.7 83.8 84.3 88.2 87.7 85.7 81.6 75.4 75.9 79.7 1880 74.1 75.8 78.8 79.5 80.7 85.8 88.0 - - - - 72.0 (80.5) 1881 72.1 72.3 72.8 76.1 82.3 86.3 88.1 87.3 85.6 81.5 77.7 74.3 79.7 82 72.7 74.9 - - 83.0 - 87.6 - - 82. 8 76.3 72.3 (80.2) 83 73.9 77.0 75.7 82.9 82.4 86.3 88.3 87.9 86.8 83.1 77.1 74.4 81.3 84 69.7 75.2 77.8 79.9 84.1 84.6 88.1 - - 80.3 77.0 76.0 (80.5) 1885 74.2 71.3 75.3 80.6 84.8 86.1 88.7 88.4 87.9 81.2 75.2 67.6 80.1 1886 66.7 6P.3 75.2 _ 82.5 86.9 87.7 87.0 85.6 81.2 76.4 70.7 (79.0) 87 69.0 76.7 74.4 78.6 - 83.6 88.0 87.8 84.9 81.8 75.2 73.6 (79.7) 88 73.8 75.3 - 79.1 82.0 85.6 - 87.4 85.0 80.2 77.7 68.5 (79.8) 89 72.0 71.6 72.6 77.6 82.0 85.1 87.1 84.6 85.1 79.8 77.7 72.2 79.0 1890 74.0 74.4 73.7 78.5 82.7 86.2 87.1 86.3 85.8 83.4 - - (80.0) (14) (14) (12) (12) (13) (13) (13) (l2) (12) Mean 71.6 73.6 74.8 78.8 82.6 85.8 87.8 87.3 85.8 (14) (13) (14) 81.4 76.4 72.0 79.8 Walls Wharf (Gulf), 1874-81; Tift's Wharf, 1882-Feb. 1888; Philbrick's V/harf, Apr. 1888. 1874-Oct. 1879 incl., readings at 3 p.m. Nov. 1379-June 1881 incl., readings at 1 p.m. July 1881 etc., readings at 1:40 p.m. Source - U3CFF 123 Monthly and Annual hcan Surface Water Temperatures, °F DRY TORTUGAS, Fl.ORIDA 24°38'04"N. 82055'42"W. Year Jan. Feb, Mar. Apr. May June July Auk. Sept. Oct. Nov. Dec. Ann. 1878 . ^ 83.7 79.4 74.7 ,. . 79 — — - - - - 87.0 86.8 82.8 80.6 75.8 73.9 - 1880 73.9 74.4 75.0 74.2 74.6 81.0 86.3 85.0 85.6 81.1 77.4 73.4 78.5 1881 72.4 72.0 71.4 78.7 78.2 85.2 84.8 84.0 82.5 81.2 77.4 (78.3) 82 74.2 73.6 77.3 77.2 75.3 81.8 84.0 83.3 83.2 80.8 76.2 70.9 78.2 83 73.2 73.1 73.2 74.9 79.0 81.6 83.4 84.2 83.9 82.4 78.8 77.0 78.7 84 72.5 73.4 75.6 - - - - - - - 75.0 76.9 - 1885 74.4 73.9 73.8 75.3 77.6 80.6 82.8 84.4 82.9 77.4 73.9 71.8 77.4 1886 72.3 71.3 70.7 73.0 78.0 80.5 82.6 84.0 82.5 81.9 79.9 73.4 77.5 87 - - 73.5 67.9 78.7 80.4 83.8 85.0 84.3 80.1 - 73.8 - 88 71.2 - - 79.3 81.2 83.1 85.7 84.5 81.3 79.1 73.6 - 89 73.8 73.3 71.2 71.4 76.2 82.2 85.3 84.0 84.2 80.3 78.9 73.7 77.9 1890 75.9 75.2 74.2 75.4 79.7 80.4 84.6 84.6 84.4 83.0 78.1 73.3 79.1 1891 70.1 75.5 75.0 73.6 76.2 80.1 85.2 85.2 84.2 78.3 74.4 74.5 77.9 92 73.6 73.3 73.2 76.6 79.3 81.3 83.1 85.9 85.3 80.2 73.8 71.8 78.1 93 68.0 73.0 75.4 77.2 80.9 83.3 85.8 86.5 85.3 82.0 78.2 74.0 79.1 94 73.2 72.4 74.3 77.3 79.4 81.5 83.8 85.4 84.2 78.6 73.5 72.5 78.0 1895 71.4 67.8 73.4 75.0 80.1 81.0 84.2 84.9 84.6 80.6 77.0 73.1 77.8 1896 70.2 70.2 70.4 75.2 79.4 82.2 82.7 85.8 84.5 81.1 78.7 74.0 77.9 97 70.6 71.8 75.1 76.4 78.2 82.8 84.7 85.5 83.3 80.6 76.8 73.7 78.3 98 71.7 71.5 75.0 76.8 79.7 83.2 84.7 85.9 84.8 81.6 77.1 72.5 78.7 99 73.3 70.1 71.6 75.4 80.7 83.6 84.3 85.8 85.4 81.7 76.4 73.3 78.5 1900 69.2 68.2 72.4 74.8 77.1 81.8 83.6 84.6 83.5 82.8 78.2 73.5 77.5 1901 71.4 71.9 70.8 74.1 79.4 83.6 83.8 84.1 84.1 81.4 75.7 71.2 77.6 02 67.4 69.6 71.8 73.9 77.7 81.4 84.5 85.5 84.5 82.6 76.5 72.6 77.3 03 69.4 72.8 75.3 - 78.1 82.4 83.9 86.1 84.8 80.0 76.2 71.2 - 04 70.1 72.3 74.8 77.4 78.0 82.0 82.6 83.7 84.4 81.0 74.6 72.9 77.8 1905 68.6 72.2 73.8 74.4 79.5 82.8 84.5 85.5 84.8 82.4 78.4 - - 1906 69.0 70.0 71.5 74.3 82.4 82.8 85.2 85.0 84.8 80.2 76.4 72.3 77.8 07 71.0 71.4 - - - - - - - - - - - (25) (27) (26) (24) (26) (26) (27) (27) (28) (28) (28) (27) Mean 71.5 72.1 73.5 74.7 78.6 81.7 84.2 85.1 84.2 80.9 76.8 73.4 78.0 Loggerhead Key, 60 ft. off beach. Readings at first high water and first low water after 7 a.m. Source - USCFF 12U Monthly and Annual Meun Surface Water Temperatures, °F DRY TORTUGAS LIGHT rXATION, FLORIDA 24°38'04"N. 82°55'42"W. Year Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr. May June July Aug. Sept. Oct. Nov. Dec. Ann. 1925 - - - - - 81.9 83.6 84.7 84.0 81.0 76.8 73.0 - 1926 70.0 67.9 67.5 71.7 76.4 78.9 80.1 83.1 83.4 81.2 76.2 74.3 75.9 28 71.5 - 73.6 74.2 76.2 83.5 84.6 84.4 85.0 83.2 76.5 72.2 (78.1) 29 71.7 73.7 73.9 79.6 80.6 81.7 83.0 - - 76.9 77.0 - 1930 70.172.1 74.2 74.5 80.7 82.1 85.2 85.2 83.9 81.0 74.7 71.8 78.0 1931 66.0 69.5 71.8 73.2 79.0 83.2 84.7 84.6 84.4 81.8 76.6 78.8 77.8 32 74.3 77.8 74.5 74.8 80.3 83.2 85.2 85.2 84.8 84.7 75.7 74.4 79.6 33 76.2 73.3 74.5 80.1 80.4 82.8 85.8 85-9 85.1 82.5 78.1 72.5 79.8 34 72.2 69.8 72.6 75.2 79.8 80.0 85.0 84.3 83.4 81.6 74.4 73.4 77.6 (8) (7) (8) (8) (8) (9) (9) (8) (8) (9) (9) (8) Mean 71.5 72.0 72.8 75.4 79.2 81.9 84.1 84.7 84.2 81.5 76.2 73.8 78.1 Readings at 8 a.m. and 6 p.m. Source - USBF 125 o Montlily and Annual Mean Surface Water Temperatures, F PUNTA RASSA, FLORIDA 26 29'N, 82 Ol'W. Year Jan Feb, Mar. Apr. May June July Aug. Sept. Oct. Nov. Dec. Ann. 1873 7U 1375 66.2 75.1 70.3 76.8 79.3 82.5 86.9 - - - - 70.8 7U.2 70.1 69.3 - 1876 77 78 79 1330 62. U 6ii.2 70.2 6H.0 67.1 72.5 73.5 76.U 75. U 78.U 75.3 77.7 83.9 82.1 80.2 82.3 87.6 85.0 86.0 8U.0 85.8 87.U 83.1 82.3 88.5 87.0 81i.7 85.6 8U.6 8h.6 8h.7 81.8 79.8 78.2 72.8 76.6 6U.8 67. U - 1381 82 83 66.2 70.5 68.8 65.8 72.0 75.6 68.7 73.9 81.3 81.3 82.7 82.U 86.8 89.2 87.7 86.8 87.6 86.3 81.U 82.3 75.6 72.5 70.3 65.8 77.7 Mean (8) 68.0 (6) 69.1 (5) 73.6 (6) 77.3 (8) 31.6 (6) 85.8 (6) 87.0 (6) 86.2 (5) 85.2 (5) 80.7 (6) 73.8 (6) 68.0 78.0 End of rtlharf - 300 yards from station " " 175 " " " July 1877 " " 300 " " " Oct. 1877 " " 335 " " " Jan. I878 1873-Oct. 1879 incl., readings at 3 p.m. 1880-June 1881 incl., readings at 1 p.m. July 1881 etc., readings at 1:A0 p.m. Source - USCFF 126 Monthly and Annual Mean Surface Water Temperatures, °F EaONT KEY 27°36'N. 82°46'W. Year Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr. May June July Aug. Sept. Oct. Nov. Uec . Ann. 1925 - - - _ - _ _ 83.4 - 79.1 68.6 61.4 - 1926 59.0 62.4 63.5 70.6 74.5 81.5 84.8 - - - 66.5 65.9 (72.9) 28 56.3 61.1 67.2 72.4 76.0 83.8 86.0 84.1 82.9 80.4 68.5 62.5 73.4 29 63.0 65.8 71.0 76.2 81.3 83.0 83.8 86.1 83.3 77.3 - 62.0 (75.1) 1930 61.5 63.0 65.1 70.7 79.8 80.0 86.1 86.3 83.6 75.5 68.0 59.6 73.3 1931 56.4 59.3 60.4 68.2 77.0 81.8 85.8 86.3 83.9 77.3 70.0 72.8 73.3 32 67.4 72.0 64.9 69.9 77.4 82.3 87.5 86.3 82.2 78.2 68.2 63.3 75.0 33 63.6 64.7 64.5 72.4 78.8 81.4 82.6 84.0 83.5 77.2 67.0 65.8 73.8 34 61.7 60.2 63.5 71.3 76.8 80.3 83.2 84.2 81.2 78.3 66.9 62.2 72.5 (8) (8) (8) (8) (8) (8) (8) (8) (7) (8) (8) (9) Mean 61.1 63.6 65. 0 71.5 77.7 81.8 85.0 85.1 82.9 77.9 68.0 63.9 73.6 Readings at 8 a.m. and 6 p.m. Source - USBF 127 Monthly and Annual Mean Surface rfVater Temperatures, °F ANCLOTE KEYS, FLORIDA 28° 10' N- 82° 51' W. Year Jan. Feb, Mar. Apr. May June July Aug. Sept. Oct. Nov. Dec. Ann. 190iV ------- 82.9 82.9 76.8 - 59.8 - 05 50.Z* 55.2 67.0 71.2 83.6 86.0 85.8 83.8 84.3 76.4 66.0 59.0 72.4 1906 53.2 57.6 66.3 71.4 - 86.4 86.7 84.5 81.3 - - - - (1) (2) (2) (2) (1) (2) (2) (3) (3) (2) (1) (2) Mean 53.2 56.4 66.6 71.3 83.6 86.2 86.2 83.7 82.8 76.6 66.0 59.4 72.7 Readings at first high water and first low water after 7 a.m. Source - USBF 128 Monthly and Annual Mean Surface y/ater Temperatures, °F CEDAR KEYS, FLORIDA 29°08'N. 83002 nv. Year Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr. May .Tnnp. .Tnly Aug. Sept. Oct. Nov. Dec. Ann. 1879 80 65.0 63.4 71.3 1881 82 83 84 1885 - 57.5 64.4 - 60.7 70.9 56.1 67.1 58.4 58.0 59.2 66.0 69.9 63.1 1886 87 88 51.5 56.3 54.4 70.2 59.7 65.0 89 1890 59.1 58.3 70.9 67.6 64.2 64.3 Mean (9) (9) 60.1 63.2 (9) 64.7 74.2 78.5 82.5 85.3 83.5 81.6 66.1 78.6 82.6 86.3 84.7 83.8 77.8 - 83.9 84.8 83.4 75.9 79.4 86.8 - 89.1 85.4 81.9 - - - 73.0 78.6 85.3 86.6 86.0 84.9 67.9 75.9 83.4 83.4 84.5 83-7 76.2 79.3 81.9 - - 81.6 - - - 87.5 86.8 81.1 73.2 79.9 84.3 85.7 83.0 84.3 (7) (8) (8) (7) (8) (9) 72.4 78.5 83.6 85.5 85.3 83.3 67.5 - 72.7 - 59.4 (73.8) 78.9 70.9 63.2 (72.7) 78.4 66.6 59.2 - 81.1 70.7 66.7 (76.5) 76.7 - - - 73.8 65.9 54.2 72.3 78.1 65.3 57.5 70.6 76.1 76.0 - 74.7 67.6 57.1 - 74.6 68.5 68.9 73.7 (10) (8) (9) 76.5 68.9 61.5 73.6 South side - RR ?;harf . East Coast to Gulf of Mexico. Jan. '89, foot of wharf opposite RR station. 1879-June 1881 incl., readings at 1 p.m. July 1881-Dec. 1881 incl., readings at 2 p.m. Jan. 1882 etc., at 2 p.m. Washington time. Source - USGFF 129 o Monthly and Annual Mean Surface Water Temperatures, F ST. MARKS, FLORIDA 30 09'N. 6U 12'W. Year Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr. May June July Aug. Sept. Oct. Nov. Dec. 1877 78 79 56.lt 59.8 60.1 6U.'4 65.9 67.6 68.7 69.5 68.6 72. U 73.2 73.3 76.5 77.1 76.2 79.2 79.9 77.8 76.7 78.5 75.5 76.7 75.9 73.3 70.6 70.9 71.0 6h.7 65.7 58.9 59.7 Mean (2) 58.1 (1) 60.1 (3) 66.0 (3) 68.9 (3) 73.0 (3) 76.6 (3) 79.0 (3) 76.9 (3) 75.3 (3) 70.8 (2) 65.2 (2) 59.3 69. U (69.0) 69.1 Wharf in river 9 miles from Gulf of Mexico Readings at 3 p.m. Source - DSCFF 130 o Monthly and annual Mean Surface Water Tenperatures, F CAPE ST. GEORGE LIGHT STATION, APALACHICOLA, FLA. 29 13'N. 85 03'W. Year Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr. May June July ^'Ug. Sept. Oct. Nov. Dec. Ann. 1930 56.6 59.2 60.6 69.2 78.6 80.1 85-4 84.5 83-2 71.8 63.3 55.6 70.7 1931 53.2 59.2 58.8 66.6 74.0 81.7 85.8 84.0 83.6 76.4 68.4 68.2 71.6 32 64.2 67.4 61.9 69.3 75.8 82.4 85.6 83.7 81.0 74.0 62.8 - (72.5) 33 58.1 58.6 62.5 68.8 80.0 81.8 83.6 84.8 84.2 74.4 63.5 63.3 72.0 (4) (4) (4) (4) (4) (4) (4) (4) (4) (4) (4) (3) Mean 58.0 61.1 61.0 68.5 77.1 81.5 85.1 84.2 83.0 74.2 64.5 62.4 71.7 South tip of St. George Island Readings at 8 a.m. and 6 p.m. Source - USBF 131 Monthly and Annaal Mean Surface Water Temperatures, F PENSACOLA, FLORIDA 30 2U'N. 87 13'W. Year Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr. May June July Aug. Sept Oct. Nov. Dec. Ann, 1831 ^ ^ . 67.7 _ 85.2 87.0 8U.3 78.6 66.3 61.2 (72.1) 82 61. U 61.2 - - 76.7 - 82.7 83. li 80.3 7h.6 66.3 55.3 (71.5) 83 5U.7 6U.1 61.5 72.2 77.2 83.6 86.0 85.8 81.9 78.0 6k.8 60.I4 72.5 8U 50.2 62.6 65.0 - 79.2 80. I4 - 85.U M 77.2 63.0 (71.'4) 1885 5U.1 53.7 58.3 70.0 76.1 8U.7 86.2 86.2 83.0 72.1 63.7 5U.6 70.3 1886 U9.3 53.7 87 51.7 6U.1 88 58.7 60.9 89 55.2 51i.9 60.5 68.7 77.3 83.8 6U.6 70.1i 78.7 82.0 61.5 72.7 77.1 82.9 61.7 - 76.3 81.7 8U.8 8ij.9 81.5 85.5 85.1 81.2 85.0 31.0 73.6 6U.0 5U.5 69.3 72.9 66.3 - (71.6) 73.5 65.3 55.9 (71.7) (70.3) Mean (8) 51i.5 (8) 59.14 (7) 61.9 (6) 70.3 (8) 77. U (8) 83.0 (6) 85.U (8) 85.0 (6) 81.6 (3) 75.1 (8) 65.1 (6) 57.0 71.3 Palaf ox Wharf Readings at 2 p.m. 75th meridian time Sotirce - USCFF 132 o Monthly and Annual Mean Surface VJater Tanperatures, F o o FENSACOLA LICMTHOUSE, FLORIDA 30 20.7' N. 87 13 .4' W. Year Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr. May June July Auj;. Sept. Oct. Not. Dec. Ann. 1930 52.0 54.5 53.2 52.3 67.0 80.4 81.6 82.9 80.0 79.0 68.4 47.4 66.6 1931 46.4 49.8 49.8 ------ ---_ (2) (2) (2) (1) (1) (1) (1) (1) (1) (1) (1) (1) Mean 49.2 52.2 51.5 52.3 67.0 80.4 81.6 82.9 80.0 79.0 68.4 47.4 66.0 On mainland opposite channel opening into Pensacola Bay. Readings at 8 a.m. and 6 p.m. Source - OSBF 133 o konthly and Annual Mean Surface Water Tenperatures, F o o SAND ISLAND LIGHT STATIC*!, lOBILE BAY, ALABAMA 30 11.2.'N^8 02'W. Year Jan. Feb. liar. Apr. May June July Aug. Sept. Oct. Nov. Dec. Ann. 1930 54.5 56.2 57.6 65.8 75.2 78.0 82.0 82.2 80.0 71.2 62.0 54.8 68.3 1931 32 33 51.6 61.4 54.0 56.6 6-4.2 54.4 58.6 61.2 59.6 64.2 66.8 65.7 71.8 74.6 77.8 78.4 81.6 79.6 82.8 84.4 79.8 83.0 82.0 83.5 85.0 77.8 82.6 77.6 69.5 74.4 70.0 59.4 63.8 65.9 64.6 63.0 70.4 70.6 69.8 Uean (4) 55.4 (4) 57.8 (4) 59.2 (4) 65.6 (4) 74.8 (4) 79.4 (4) 82.2 (4) 82.7 (4) 81.4 (4) 73.2 (4) 63.8 (4) 62.1 69.8 Readings at 8 a.m. and 6 p.m. Source - USBF 13^; Monthly and Annual Mean Surface Water Temperatvires, F MOBILE, ALABAMA 30 4.2' N. 88°02'W. Year Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr. May June July Aug. Sept. Oct. Nov. Dee. Ann. 1873 80.9 71.7 60.3 56.0 - Ik 50.0 5^.6 60.ii bU.k 70.5 33.1 83.8 86.2 82.8 74.1 6^.9 55.3 69.2 1875 50.3 51.4 -.-- 1876 >_.. 77 - - 56.6 63.5 72,0 82.1 86.8 85.8 80.0 70.5 60. 8 52.4 (67.8) 78 48.7 51.8 61.0 68.4 73.8 82.0 86.4 86.3 81.6 75.2 63.3 51.0 69.1 79 46.5 53.0 59.2 65.5 76,0 81.9 85.6 83.4 80,9 75,1 64.2 55.0 68.8 1880 57.2 54.4 63,4 67.2 73.8 81.6 85.2 85.3 - 72.1 - 51.3 (69.7) 1881 46.2 - 57.8 62.5 - 85.9 88.2 85.4 84.2 78.7 64.1 55.7 (69.6) 82 53.8 56.2 - - 73.2 - 83.3 83,1 80.0 76,6 65.9 51.3 (69.1) 83 51.0 57.2 58,1 68,1 74.0 82.3 87.6 88,6 85.5 79.3 65.0 57.6 71.2 84 47.6 55.2 59.6 66.3 74.7 - - - - 79.1 63.2 55.6 (69.8) 1885 54.8 54.6 53.7 65.6 - 82.5 86.4 86.1 82.3 70.4 60.I 50.0 (68.3) 1886 45.1 47.7 55.8 63.5 72.9 81.4 82.0 86.5 83.0 75.3 62.7 49.6 67.1 87 41.1 52.8 54.9 - --.- (12) (11) (11) (10) (9) (9) (10) (10) (10) (12) (11) (12) Mean 49.4 53.5 58.2 65.5 73.4 82.5 85.5 85.7 82.1 74.8 63.1 53.4 68.9 Foot of Government Street 1873-Aug. 1880 incl., readings at 3 p.m. local time. Sept, 1880-June 1881 incl., readings at 1 p,m. July 1881 etc., readings at 2 p.m. Vfashington time. Source - USCFF 135 0 Monthly and Unnvial Mean Surface Water Temperatures, p o MONTGOMERY, 4HB/VMA 32 Ol'N. 86°02'W. Year Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr. Mav June July Aug. Sept. Oct. Nov. Dee. Ann. 1873 ------- 83.8 79.9 70.1 56.0 55.5 - lU 50.U 53.U - - - 80.il 82.2 8^.2 78.7 69.0 61.0 51.5 - 1875 --------- ---- 1876 - -- ..-- 77 ^.1 - - 62.6 - 81.6 86.0 82,. 9 78.2 69.1 57.6 50.3 - 78 A6.7 A9.9 60.2 68.0 ----- -__- (3) (2) (1) (2) - (2) (2) (3) (3) (3) (3) (3) Mean ^8.2^ 51.6 60.2 65.3 - 81.0 ^U.l Bk.3 78.9 69.4 58.2 52.Z. - Wharf 30 ft. from center of channel; June, 1874 - Pier at foot of Commercial Street. Readings at 3 p.m. local time. Source - U3CFF 136 o Monthly and Annual Mean Surface Water Temperatures, F o o SHIP ISUND LIGHTHOUSE, UISSISSIPPI 30]>'N. 88 58'W. Year Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr. May June July Au^. Sept. Oct. Nov. Dec. Ann. 1930 48.3 53.7 54.6 66.2 74.0 76.8 81.8 80.6 78.6 66.0 56.6 48.2 65.4 1931 46.4 53.3 52.8 61.6 59.6 80.0 82.8 79.4 79-6 71.0 64.2 57.8 65.7 32 53.7 57.2 51.4 63.8 71.0 81.5 - - - _ _ - - (3) (3) (3) (3) (3) (3) (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) Mean 49.5 54.7 52.9 63.9 68.2 79.4 82.3 80.0 79.1 68.5 60.4 53.0 66.0 Readings at 8 a.m. and 6 p.m. Source - DSBF P7 o Monthly and Annual Mean Surface Water Taupe ratu res, F o o CHANDELEUR, LOUISIANA 30 03'N. 88 52 'W. Year Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr. May June July Aug. Sept. Oct. Nov. Dec. Ann . 1904 - - - - -- - - 88. 3 -63.7-- 1905 48.4 54.6 61.4 68.4 82.1 84.2 83.9 85.6 83.4 73.6 65.8 52.7 70.3 1906 54.2 54.5 60.4 70.4 75-3 85.9 84-4 - Mean 51.3 54.6 60.9 69.4 78.7 85.0 84.2 85.6 85.8 73.6 64.8 52.7 70.6 Readings at first high water and first low water after 7 a.m. Source - U3BF 138 o Monthly and Annual Mean Surface Water Temperatures, F o 0 SOUTH PASS, LOUISIANA 29 OO'IT. 89 09' W, Year Jan. Feb, liar. Apr. May June July Aug. Sept. Oct. Nov. Dec. Ann. 1933 54.0 56.6 59.4 66.0 76.1 81.0 _ - - _ _ _ _ Near southern end of South Pass. Readings at 8 a.m. and 6 p.m. Sourca - DSBF 139 o Monthly and Annual Mean Surface Water Ten^wratures, F O 0 PORT EADS, LOUISIANA 29 Ol'N. 89 lO'W. Year Jan. Feb. Mar, Apr. May June July Aug. Sept. Oct. Nov. Dec. Ann. 1881 - - - 55.1 69.0 81.0 84.9 85.5 8^.5 77.6 60.1 46.6 - 82 46.2 49.3 ----- 81.7 80.8 75.8 67.3 50.0 - 83 44.6 44.0 50.0 ------ ____ (2) (2) (1) (1) (1) (1) (1) (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) Mean 45.4 46.6 50.0 55.1 69.0 81.0 84.9 83.6 82.6 76.7 63.7 48.3 65.6 Front of Headquarters Hotel Building. Readings at 1 p.m. Source - USCFF UQ o Monthly and Annual Mean Surface VJater Temperatui^s, F o o SHIP SHOAL LIGHT STATION, LOUISIANA 28 55'N. 91 OU'W. Year Jan. Feb. Mar, Apr. May June July Aug. Sept. Oct. Nov. Dec. Ann. 190U 8U.9 - 78.3 61.1 - 1905 56.2 56.7 65.9 73.8 81.9 85.1 85.2 - - _ - - _ Readings at first high water and first low water after 7 a.m. Source - U3BF la o Monthly and Annual Mean Surface Water Temperatures, F o o OYSTER BAYOU LIGHT STATION, LOUISIANA 29 13'N. 91 08'W. Year Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr. May June July Aug. Sept. Oct. Nov. Dec. Ann. 1930 52.8 60.5 60.4 71.1 75.4 79.6 85.4 84.0 80.4 70.0 59-5 50.3 69.1 1931 49.2 56.8 54.9 64.1 73.0 80.4 82.8 80.3 81.6 74.0 67.1 60.6 68.7 32 58.2 63.7 57.6 68.6 73.4 81.6 83.8 86.0 80.2 69.6 57.2 - (69.7) 33 56.6 55.3 61.6 68.4 78.4 79-2 81.0 82.9 82.3 71.2 61.5 61.6 70.0 34 56.6 54.2 59.4 68.9 74.1 81.0 83.2 84.4 80.2 74.3 64.8 53.7 69.6 (5) (5) (5) (5) (5) (5) (5) (5) (5) (5) (5) (4) Mean 54.7 58.1 58.8 68.2 74.9 80.4 83.2 83.5 80.9 71.8 62.0 56.6 69.4 Readings at 8 a.m. and 6 p.m. Source - USBF U2 o Monthly and Annual Mean Surface Water Temperatures, F 0 o POINT AU FER REEF UGHT STATION, LOUISIANA 29 22.4.'N. 91 23.1'W. Year Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr. May June July Auj; . Sept. Oct. Nov. Dec. Ann. 1930 64.6 66.6 69.8 79.0 78.1 81.1 85.0 84.4 81.0 72.0 61.0 52.8 73.0 1931 50.6 58.6 57.4 65.8 74.5 82.9 85.6 83.3 83.6 76.1 68.7 60.4 70.6 32 58.7 61.8 57.4 70.2 75.0 83.7 86.0 85.0 80.5 70.2 57.4 - (70.3) 33 54.0 52.8 59.8 66.4 76.6 78.6 80.8 82.4 82.6 72.3 62.2 61.2 70.8 (4) (4) (4) (4) (4) (4) (4) (4) (4) (4) (4) (3) Mean 57.0 60.0 61.1 70.4 76.0 81.5 84.4 83.8 81.9 72.6 62.3 58.1 70.8 Shell reef (4 miles NNW of Pt. Au Fer) Station on left side of ship channel to Morgan City. Readings at 8 a.m. and 6 p.m. Source - DSBF U3 0 Monthly and Annual Mean Surface Water Ten^B ratures, F o o SABINE PASS LIGHT STATION, LOUISIANA 29^2.9'N. 93 51.3')l. Year Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr. May June July j^ur. Sept. Oct. Nov. Dec. Ann. 1930 53.2 62.6 61.9 73.4 78.2 82.1 86.4 86.0 81.6 73.5 63.0 56.0 71.5 1931 55.8 62.1 60.8 69.2 77.0 84.6 86.5 83.8 84.5 78.8 - 58.1 (72.0) 32 59.3 64.2 59.3 75.2 78.0 83.5 87.0 85.0 80.8 71.0 58.6 53.6 71.3 33 59.4 56.6 64.2 71.0 80.6 81.5 84.4 86.4 82.8 76.1 66.9 64.6 72.9 34 57.2 56.8 62.8 73.0 77.1 84.9 85.2 87.0 82.8 77.4 64.8 55.4 72.0 (5) (5) (5) )5) (5) (5) (5) (5) (5) (5) (4) (5) Mean 57.0 60.5 61.8 72.4 78.2 83.3 85.9 85.6 82.5 75.4 63.3 57.5 72.0 On Louisiana side of Sabine River, 2 miles from open Gulf. Readings at 8 a.m. and 6 p.m. Source - USBF lU o Monthly and Annual iiean Surface Water Temperatures, F o o SHREVEPORT, LOUISIANA 32 30'N. 93 U5'W, Year Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr. May June July Aug. Sept. Oct. Nov. Dec. Ann. 1873 69.lj 56.6 - 7h U7.2 52.2 58.6 62.0 73.0 83.7 87.6 90.1 82.6 71.5 61. ij 52.8 68.6 1875 U2.5 U8.2 -- .-.. 1876 -- ..-_ 77 - - - 68.6 76.2 8U.9 90.0 91.2 82.9 7U.0 57.8 51.8 (69.7) 78 U8.5 52.1 65.5 -.__ (3) (3) (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) (3) (3) (2) Mean li6.1 50.8 62.0 65.3 71.6 8U.3 88.8 90.7 82.8 71.6 58.6 52.3 69.0 Near river gauge. Red River Readings at 3 p.m. Source - U3CFF U5 o Monthly and Annual Mean Surface Water Tonperatures, F o o HEALD BANK LIGHTSHIP 29 08'N. 94 lO'W. Year Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr. Usj' June July Aug. Sept. Oct. Nov. Dec. Ann. 1930 66.4 67.7 67.2 74.4 78.8 84.2 - - - - 67.7 60.0 - 1931 55.4 - 55.9 60.8 71.0 80.5 - - - _ _ _ _ 34- - - - -- - - - - 75. 9 61.2- 1935 61.4 60.0 63.3 71.6 74.4- - - - -_-_ Readings at 8 a.m. and 6 p.m. Source - DSBF U6 o_ Monthly and Annual Mean Surface ,'iaUT Temperatures, r GALVESTON ENTRANCK LIGHTSHIP 29°20.8'N. 94°43.0'W. Year Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr. May June July Aug. Sept. Oct. Nov. Dec. Ann. 1904 - - - - -- - - 83.8 76.9 - 57.0 - 1905 51.7 46.5 62.4 70.6 78.9 82.4 82.8 84.8 - _ _ _ _ Readings at first high water and first low water after 7 a.m. Source - USBF U7 Monthly and Annual Mean Surface V/ater Tanperatures, F GALVESTON, TEXAS 29°19'N. 94°48«W Year Jan. Feb. Uar. Apr. May June July Au^. Sept. Oct. Nov. Dec. Aim. 1873 74 1875 54.8 51.2 58.2 55.4 - 68.0 76.9 84.7 - 88.0 81.7 82.3 71.6 74.8 61.0 67.1 56.4 60.9 (72.2) 1876 77 78 79 1880 53.4 49.5 64.3 57.2 57.8 58.1 67.2 68.2 64.9 73.3 72.6 80.2 79.1 83.9 82.8 82.4 88.4 86.4 87.0 89.1 84.6 84.6 84.7 83.8 79.4 81.4 80.6 75.1 76.9 75.8 72.0 62.0 64.4 67.1 56.6 56.4 53.3 59.0 55.4 (71.8) (71.6) (72.0) (71.5) 1881 82 46.8 55.3 62.7 70.3 80.2 86.6 86.6 86.2 82.0 - - - (70.9) 83 84 1885 - 52.6 61.2 72.6 78.2 86.1 87.7 87.4 82.1 71.8 63.0 66.4 56.8 (71.3) 1886 87 47.8 51.2 53.6 64.4 61.0 69.3 72.0 77.6 78.5 84.6 83.2 86.5 86.7 86.1 86.7 81.9 81.8 73.5 70.8 61.9 64.8 58.1 70.2 (71.8) Mean (8) 52.4 (9) 57.0 (6) 64.2 (7) 71.2 (7) 78.7 (8) 84.3 (7) 87.0 (9) 86.4 (10) 81.7 (9) 73.6 (10) 63.4 (8) 57.0 71.4 New York Steamship Viharf at foot of 24th Street, 1873-75. Foot of Tremont Street; 22nd Street, 21st Street. 1873-Oct. 1879 inol., readings at 3 p.m. Nov. 1879-Jtine 1831 incl,, readings at 1 p.m. July 1881 etc., readings at 2 p.m. Washington time. Source - USCFF UB o Monthly and Annual Mean Surface Water Temperatures, F O; O GALVESTON, TEXIS 29 19.6'N. 9-^ ^1.5.' ff. Year Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr. May Jiuie July Aug. Sept. Oct. Nov. Dee. Ann^ 1930 50.8 57.6 59.7 69.3 76.0 80.A J^4.2 85.0 81.2 71.1 62.4 - (69.8) 77.4 70.0 58.8 70.0 72.4 62.0 53.6 70.8 77.3 68.6 66.1 72.6 78.0 69.7 58.8 72.2 (5) (5) (5) (5) (5) (5) (5) (5) (5) (5) (5) (4) Mean 55.9 58.4 5^.8 67.9 75.9 81.7 84.5 84.6 82.7 75.2 66.5 59.3 71.0 it end of pier on Galveston Island. Readings at 8 a.m. and 6 p.m. Source - USBF 1931 52.1 57.2 57.1 63.2 71.7 80.8 85.0 82.8 84.0 32 59.S 63.6 59.4 68.7 75.8 81.7 85.8 85.0 81.9 33 57.6 55.4 61.6 68.8 79.2 82.4 83.6 85.6 84.8 34 59.6 58.4 61.2 69.4 77.0 83.4 83.9 84.8 81.7 U9 o Monthly and Annual Mean Surface Water Temperatures, F o o HALF MOON REEF LIGHT STATION, MATAGORDA BAY, TEXAS 28 32.3'N. 96 15.^'W. Year Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr. May June July Aug. Sept. Oct. Nov. Dec. Ann. 1930 45.5 59.4 60.2 71.2 75.8 81.4 83.6 84-5 80.6 72.2 63.6 54.6 69.4 1931 53.2 61.5 60.4 66.1 74.0 82.5 85.6 84.2 83.8 79.6 70.3 57.2 71.5 32 59.0 63.8 59.4 71.4 77.4 83.4 85-3 85.0 81.6 72.4 60.4 52.8 71.0 33 58.9 55.2 64.2 70.0 79.4 81.0 83.8 84.0 83.7 76.0 - 66.2 (72.3) 34 58.8 56.8 59.9 - 74.0 80.0 83.0 83.5 82,4 - - - (70.5) 1935 58.2 57.9 65.8 ------ _--- (6) (6) (6) (4) (5) (5) (5) (5) (5) (4) (3) (4) Mean 55.6 59.1 61.6 69.7 76.1 81.7 84.3 84.2 82.4 75.0 64.8 57.7 71.0 Oyster built reef abcut 3 miles SW of Palacios Point. Readings at 8 a.m. and 6 p.m. Source - USBF 150 Monthly and Annual Mean Sirface Water Tanperatures, F INDIaNOLA, TEXAS 3°36'N. 46°30'W Year Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr. May June July AUK. Sept. Oct. Nov. Dec. Ann. 1873 _ . 83.2 73.5 . _ _ 74 - - - - 78.1 84.1 - 84.9 82.6 77.3 68.0 61.2 - 1875 47.6 57.3 - - - - - - - - - - - 1876 77 78 1876 ■ - 1880 Data M is sing 79 1880 1881 . . . 72.3 _ _ 87.0 86.8 82.7 79.4 63.4 59.8 « 82 59.7 65.1 - - 77.4 - 85.6 85.0 81.2 78.2 67.1 57.4 (73.2) 83 - 53.7 65.8 72.5 78.5 85.4 85.6 87.8 81.9 79.6 67.6 60.5 (72.4) 84 46.3 60.7 65.9 69.2 - - 87.9 - 84.9 77.6 65.2 - (72.2) 1885 47.7 52.9 62.4 73.6 77.5 84.8 86.8 86.3 83.2 72.8 69.0 58.7 71.3 1886 47.2 54.9 - - - - - - - - - - - (5) (6) (3) (4) (4) (3) (5) (5) (7) (7) (6) (5) Mean 49.7 57.4 64.7 71.9 77.9 84.8 86.6 86.2 82.8 76.9 66.7 59.5 72.1 Moiigan iVharf in Matagorda Bay. Dec. 1881, 500 yards from shore. Station destroyed August 1886 1873-1875, readings at 3:45 p.m. 1881-1886, readings at 2 p.m., 75th meridian time. Source - USCFF 151 o Uonthly and Annual Mean Surface Water Temperatures, F o o PCmT ARANSAS (PASS), TEXAS 27 50'N. 97 02'W. Year Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr. Maar June July ^R. Sept. Oct. Nov. Dec. Ann. 1930 49.2 61.2 62.4 73.9 79.6 83.9 87.1 86.3 - 74.6 64.6 55.8 72.0 1931 56.0 61.6 63.2 69.2 76.8 83.8 87.4 85.6 85.0 79.8 71.1 59.0 73.2 (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) (1) (2) (2) (2) Mean 52.6 61.4 62.8 71.6 78.2 83.8 87.2 86.0 85.0 77.2 67.8 57-4 72.6 Station on pass is of doubtful location, not definitely known. Readings at 8 a.m. and 6 p,m. Source - DSBF 152 o Monthly and Annual Mean Surface Water Temperatures, F o o ARANSAS PASS LIGHT STATION (HARBOR ISLAND), TEXAS 27 51.S'N. 97 03.2'W. Year Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr. May Jtine July Auj;. Sept. Oct. Nov. Dec. Ann. 1932 60.8 64.1 61.5 73-3 80.2 85.0 87.4 86.3 82.0 73-6 62.8 54.8 72.6 33 61.4 58.6 69.5 75.2 80.4 85.8 86.6 87.1 85.4 78.2 67.8 68.2 75.4 34 61.4 59.4 63.6 73.8 80.6 85.6 85.6 - - 78.1 69.7 59.8 (74.0) (3) (3) (3) (3) (3) (3) (3) (2) (2) (3) (3) (3) Mean 61.2 60.7 64.9 74.1 80.4 85.5 86.5 86.7 83.7 76.6 66.8 60.9 74.0 Readings at 8 a.m. and 6 p.m. Source - U3BF 153 o Monthly and >innual Mean Surface Water Temperatures, F o o BfUZOS SANTIAGO LIGHT STATION, PORT ISABEL, TEXAS 26 O^.i^'R* 97-10'W. Year Jan. Feb. Mar. ■^pr. May June July Aug. Sept. Oct. Nov. Dec. Ann. 1930 47.2 54.4 54.7 54.9 62.0 65.2 65.8 63.7 65.2 61.3 51.9 43-8 57.5 1931 45.3 48.0 46.6 50.8 59.0 62.6 67.0 68.1 67.8 63.2 59.1 50.0 57.3 32 50.4 55.0 47.6 57.4 63.1 66.4 67.4 67.0 65.6 62.8 54.8 42.4 58.3 33 49.9 59.5 53-6 57.5 64.0 66.7 67.0 66.5 67.5 66.0 59.0 57.4 61.2 34 48.5 51.6 51.0 58.6 63.5 67.4 68.0 69.1 78.0 78.4 74.8 65.6 64.5 (5) (5) (5) (5) (5) (5) (5) (5) (5) (5) (5) (5) Mean 48.3 53.7 50.7 55.8 62.3 65.7 67.0 66.9 68.8 66.3 59.9 51.8 59.8 On southern tip of Padres Island - the Port Isabel-Brovmsville ship channel passes east to west about 5100 feet south of the station. Readings at 8 a.m. and 6 p.m. Source - DSBF INT -DUP. SEC. »ASH.. DC 16(13 MBL W!^°'„,V Mi?li<,iiii|r|:ir' * 5 WHSE 01148