'C WINTER WATER TEMPERATURES AND AN ANNOTATED LIST OF FISHES-- NANTUCKET SHOALS TO CAPE HATTERAS Albatross III CRUISE NO. 126 'OA WOODS HOLE, f^ASS. SPECIAL SCIENTIFIC REPORT-FISHERIES Na 397 UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT^^MMJ^ FisiTANDnwlLDUFniR^^ UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR, STEWART L. UDALL, SECRETARY Fish and Wildlife Service, Arnie J. Suomela, Commissioner Bureau of Comnnercial Fisheries, Donald L. McKernan, Director WINTER WATER TEMPERATURES AND AN ANNOTATED LIST OF FISHES-NANTUCKET SHOALS TO CAPE HATTERAS Albatross Ml Cruise no. 126 by Robert L. Edwards and Robert Livingstone, Jr, and Paul E, Hamer United States Fish and Wildlife Service. Special Scientific Report--Fisheries No. 397 Washington, D. C. September 1961^ M/V Albatross III 11 CONTENTS Page Introduction 1 Gear and operations 1 Fishing transects 2 Hydrographic transects 2 Surface temperatures 2 Bottom temperatures 2 Temperature profiles 2 Fish temperature preferences Annotated list of species 3 Literature cited 11 Appendix I, BT cast data 13 Appendix II, temperature profiles 17 FIGURES m/V AlhatToaa III Frontispiece 1. Cruise track oi Albatross III Cruise no. 126. Solid circles indicate BT drops and ringed circles indicate fishing stations. Eachfishing tran- sect is identified with its code number and name. Letters are used to indicate beginnings and endings of various profiles presented in Ap- pendix II 2 2. A typical deep tow, station 4-8 3 3. Surface temperatures in degrees Fahrenheit on the Continental Shelf, Nantucket Shoals to Cape Hatteras. Based on data collected January 23 to February 3, 1959 5 4. Bottom temperatures in degrees Fahrenheit on the Continental Shelf, Nantucket Shoals to Cape Hatteras. Based on data collected January 23 to February 3, 1959 5 5. A big haul of spiny dogfish, station 9-3 6 6. Counting and measuring Etrumeus, station 7-4 7 7. Physiculus fulvus (Bean), Drawn from l60-mm. specimen 8 8. A 45-cm. bluefin tuna, photographed innmediately after capture 10 9. Bluefish taken in the trawl on station 7-1 10 111 WINTER WATER TEMPERATURES AND AN ANNOTATED LIST OF FISHES--NANTUCKET SHOALS TO CAPE HATTERAS Albatross III Cruise no. 126 by Robert L. Edwards, Robert Livingstone, Jr. and Paul E. Hanner Cruise no. 126 of the Albatross III was planned and conducted to gather information about the distribution of fishes across the Continental Shelf from Nantucket Shoals to Cape Hatteras during the late winter period when water tem- peratures generally are at their minimum. The shelf here has a general hydrographic simi- larity from north to south, well described by Bigelow (1933), that makes it a particularly worthwhile area in which to study the relation of fish distribution to water temperature, depth, and other factors of the environment. Since the fish of this portion of the shelf support several different, relatively important food and indus- trial fisheries, as well as an intensive marine sport fishery. Cruise no. 126 served to provide data valuable to several research programs. This area has a distinctive fauna attributed in part to the thermal barrier present across the shelf at Cape Hatteras, as well as another such barrier, less marked, separating the waters of southern New England and the Gulf of Maine. No one species of marine fish is neces- sarily restricted to the shelf of the Middle Atlantic. However, several species of conn- mercial importance are present here, and only here, in significant numbers. Among these are the scup, fluke, common sea robin, tilefish, sea bass, and tautog. To the north, this area shares a number of species with the Gulf of Maine, especially dur- ing the winter months. Some of these are the yellowtail flounder, white hake, long-horned sculpin, eelpout, and winter flounder. Species Note.--Robert L. Edwards and Robert Livingstone. Jr., Fishery Re- kearch Biologisu, U. S. Fish and Wildlife Service. Bureau of Com- mercial Fisheries Biological Laboratory, Woods Hole, Massachusetts; and Paul E. Hamer, Fisheries Biologist. Department of Conservation and Economic Development. Trenton. New Jersey. entering from the south, especially during the periods of warmest water on the shelf, include some that habitually range even further south than Florida. Among these species are the blue- fish, bluefin tuna, swordfish, American hake' , filefish (several species), smooth dogfish, weak- fish, and kingfish. The Albatross III sailed from Woods Hole on January 21, 1959, and returned on February 3. This was, as it turned out, the last biological research cruise of the Albatross III. During this cruise a total of eight fishing transects, total- ing 53 fishing stations, were made across the shelf as indicated in figure 1. One hundred and eighty-three bathythermograph casts were made, the positions for which, with associated sea and weather data, are given in Appendix I. When time permitted, an effort was made to evaluate the ability of the Edo AN/UQN-1B echo sounder to differentiate various species of fish, GEAR AND OPERATIONS A standard No. 36 otter trawl was used throughout, with the cod end and upper belly lined with 1 /2-inch (stretched measure) cotton mesh to retain small fish. All of the tows were one-half hour each. The standard survey record card of the Bureau of Commercial Fisheries Biological Laboratory, Woods Hole, was used to record the data. All fish were counted and measured (fork length, to the nearest milli- meter) except in those few cases where the numbers were excessive, at which time aliquots 'we prefer tfie vernacular name. "American hake,'" for Merluccius albidus, to call to mind its relation to the European hake, M. merluccius L., and to set it apart from other common deepwater hakes. Figure 1.— Cruise track of Albatross III Cruise no. 126. Solid circles indicate BT drops and ringed circles indicate fishing stations. Each fishing transect is identified with its code number and name. Letters are used to indicate beginnings and endings of various profiles presented in Appendix 11. were sampled. All skates and sharks were measured (total length) and sexed. Samples of fish and invertebrates for laboratory studies were preserved. All fish that could not be pre- cisely identified on board ship were preserved for determination in the laboratory. HYDROGRAPHIC TRANSECTS Hydrographic work was limited to surface temperatures and to bathythermograph (BT) casts. The BT was used at the end of each fishing station and at regular intervals, usually every hour and occasionally every half hour. The bathythermographs were regularly checked against the surface thermometers, and the temperature unit was calibrated once aboard ship. The BT temperature data appeared to be reliable to within +_ 0.3° F. The temperature data were plotted daily, both to help the planning of the following day's work and to keep a check on the functioning of the bathythermographs. SURFACE TEMPERATURES Surface temperatures obtained on this cruise for this section of the Atlantic coast were different only in detail from temperatures reported by Bigelow (1933) for this time of year (fig. 3). Along the coast, surface temperatures were in the low 40's to the south and in the upper 30's off southern New England. Previous survey cruises off southern New England, es- pecially Albatross III Cruise no. 86, January 22, 1957, found considerably colder surface water (middle 30's) further offshore than we observed on this trip. Around Cape Hatteras, the im- mediate influence of the Gulf Stream may be observed, dwindling to the north'ward. BOTTOM TEMPERATURES Bottom water temperatures observed on this cruise (fig. 4) correspond in general with those reported by Bigelow for this time of the year. Typically, there is a band of warmer water on the bottom along the outer edge of the Continental Shelf, as shown in figure 4 and in various transects (Appendix II). Bottom tem- peratures are colder both inshore and offshore of this band, as one would anticipate. FISHING TRANSECTS Each fishing transect was planned to be com- pleted in the daylight hours of 1 day. Bad weather interfered only once after a transect had been started. The very last transect (off Block Island) was not attempted because of foul weather. The general plan was to make seven stations on each transect, at 20, 40, 60, 80, 100, 150, and 200 fathoms. These depths were not considered rigid, however, and the stations were spaced so that each transect would include stations representative both of the extremes in depth and the extremes in temperature. Where the shelf was widest. New Jersey northward, the transects could not be extended into the shallower water because of the great amount of running time necessary to get from station to station. To the south, however, seven stations were easily completed within a day. The fishing station data are listed in table 1. TEMPERATURE PROFILES Temperature profiles (Appendix II, figs. A-1 to A- 1 8) are presented for each bathythermo- graph transect. Even allowing for the + 0.3 F. variation in the BT recordings, there is a re- markably consistent pattern of temperature distribution across the shelf. This pattern in- cludes a marked temperature inversion over much of the shelf in depths over 40 fathoms out to about the 100-fathom line. Moving from south to north, the warmer water becomes more and more restricted, and occasionjilly, as off the Hudson Canyon, is off the bottom (see fig. A-4). Whether or not such a warm water zone is also to be found during the winter off Georges Bank further to the north remains to be established. Examination of these profiles along with the comparable sections illustrated in Bigelow (1933) show differences in detail worthy of Figure 2.--A typical deep tow, station 4-8. comment. All our profiles show generally warmer conditions than illustrated by Bigelow for the years 1929, 1930, and 1931. In addition the inversion is nnore pronounced in our 1959 data. ANNOTATED LIST OF SPECIES In the following list, the collection data are presented for those species not listed in Ap- pendix II, appendix tables 2-9. The stations and appropriate data are listed in table 1. As previously mentioned, all fish, or aliquots from each tow, were measured. Only those measure- ments are given in this list that the authors believe worthy of record at this time. Hagfishes Hagfish, Myxine glutinosa Linnaeus, Sta, 4-8, 1; and 9-6, 1 specimen. Sharks Chain dogfish, Scyliorhinus retifer (Carman), Sta. 3-3, 1; 4-4, 1; 4-7, 1; 5-7, 2; 6-4, 1; 6-5, 1; 6-6, 1; 9-4, 1; and 9-5, 1 specimen. Smooth dogfish, Muatelus canis (Mitchill), Sta, 7-1, 20; 7-3, 1; and 7-4, 1 specimen. Spiny dogfish, Sgualus acanthias Linnaeus. Col- lection data listed on fishing transect profiles. The results of this cruise indicate that spiny dogfish tend to school by sex and that the nnales are usually found in cooler water than the females (fig, 5), Etmopterus, Etmopterus hillianua (Poey). Sta. 7-6, 2 specimens. Angel shark, Squatina dumeril (Lesueur). Sta, 5-7, 1; 7-4, 7; 7-6, 2; and 9-1, 1 specimen. Skates and Torpedoes Torpedo, Torpedo nobiliana Bonaparte. Sta. 10-5, 1 specimen. Barndoor skate, Raja laevis Mitchill. Collec- tion data listed on fishing transect profiles. Big skate. Raja ocellata Mitchill. Collection data listed on fishing transect profiles. Brier skate. Raja eglanteria Bosc. Collection data listed on fishing transect profiles. Table 1. --List of fishing stations and pertinent data Average depth of tow in feet Speed Bottom over temperature bottom {°F. ) (knots) Date 1959 FeF73 Feb. 3 Feb. 3 Feb. 3 Feb. 3 Feb. 3 Jan. 23 Jan. 23 Jan. 23 Jan. 23 Jan. 23 Jan. 24 Jan. 24 Jan. 24 Jan. 24 Jan. 24 Jan. 24 Jan. 24 Jan. 24 Jan. 25 Jan. 25 Jan. 25 Jan. 25 Jan. 31 Jan. 31 Jan. 25 Jan. 25 Jan. 25 Jan. 25 Jan. 25 Jan. 25 Jan. 27 Jan. 27 Jan. 27 Jan. 27 Jan. 27 Jan. 27 Feb. 1 Feb. 1 Feb. 1 Feb. 1 Feb. 1 Feb. 1 Feb.l Feb. 2 Feb. 2 Feb. 2 Feb. 2 Feb. 2 Feb. 2 Feb. 2 Station Position number Latitude Longitu3e" BT slide number Remarks - 1 - 2 - 3 - 4 - 5 - 6 3 - 1 3 - 2 3 - 3 3 - 4 3-5 6 - 1 6 - 2 6 - 3 6-4 6-5 6 - 6 7 - 1 7-2 7 - 3 7-4 7 - 5 7-6 9 - 1 9 - 2 9-3 9 - 4 9 - 5 9-6 9 - 7 10 - 1 10 - 2 10-3 10 - 4 10-5 10-6 10-7 39°58.8 40°00.5 40''03.2 40°06.0 40°09.5 40°22.0 39''24.0 39°04.1 38''56.0' 38''55.7 38°51.5' 38°18.5' 38°09.9 38''05.5 38°01.5 37°58.5 37°56.8 37"'55.0 37°57.0 37°50.6 37°40.7 37''38.0 37»34.5 37°34.5 37°36.5 36°50.0 36°46.5' 36''45.5' 36°45.5' 36°48.0 36''46.5 35°48.5 35-46.5 35°46.5 35"'49.8 35°47.0 35°45.0 38°31.6 38''28.0 38-25.6 38-23.7 38-24.2 38-25.4 38-33.2 39-29.4 39-31.3' 39-31.0 39-32.2 39-37.0 39-46.0 39*49.0 70-19.0 70-17.0 70°13.5 70-14.5 70-17.0 70-20.3 73-29.0' 73-05.0 72-53.3 73-56.5 72-55.5 74-19.3 74-07.0 74-01 73-56 73-56 73-57 73-58 73-56 73-52.5 74-30.0 74-24.0 74-18.5 74-16.0 74-16.5 75-13.0' 74-52.2 74-41.5 74-40.0 74-39.0' 74-38.0 74-17.3 75-03.0 74-54.0 74-51.6 74-51.5 74-50.3 73-53.0 73-40.0 73-36.4 73-27.2 73-24.7 73-23.2 73-14.0 72-06.2 72-06.0 72-10.7 72-09.3 72-16.0 72-25.0 72-38.2 W W w w w w w w w w w w w w w w w w w w w w w w w w w w w w w w w w w w w w w w w w w w w w w w w w w 210 146 99 83 64 47 25 45 62 80 159 20 42 62 82 104 129 147 220 18 37 48 130 238 92 17 24 42 77 107 173 19 26 45 64 80 192 31 43 62 86 118 192 152 228 178 103 92 67 46 32 172 173 174 175 176 177 36 37 39 40 41 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 61 69 71 72 73 124 125 84 86 87 88 89 90 98 99-100 101-102 103 104 105 138 139 140 141 142 143 144 155 156 157 158 159 160 j./ +44 2/ 49 T/ ±50 1/ 52 2/ 55 It 48 45. 7 51. 3 51.7 48.8 48.8 48.7 52. 5 53. 4 52. 8 52. 0 50. 3 46.7 1/ ±46. 0 51.7 55. 3 53.4 49.2 1/ +46. 5 49. 0 48. 1 55.7 54. 1 49.7 52.2 46, 2 59.2 59.4 56.9 55. 1 53.2 50 48 52. 3 52.8 52. 1 52. 0 45. 2 48 1/ + 42 44. 5 49. 3 51.0 52. 0 47.8 44. 1 4. 4 3.8 3. 4 3. 6 3. 6 4. 4 3. 6 5. 2 4. 4 3.8 4. 0 5. 0 5. 0 4. 0 4.2 4. 6 4. 6 5. 0 5. 0 5.0 5.4 5.2 3. 2 4. 0 4. 0 4. 0 3.2 3.2 4.4 3.6 4. 0 5.0 4.4 3.7 4. 6 4. 4 3.0 3.0 4. 0 3.6 3.4 4. 0 3. 6 4. 6 4. 0 3. 6 3.8 5.0 4.0 4. 4 Martha's Vineyard transect Barnegat transect Delaware transect Winter quarter transect (interrupted by bad weather) Cape Charles transect Albemarle transect Cape May transect Hudson Canyon transect 1/ Bottom temperatures for depths greater than 150 fathoms estimated by extropolating bathythermo- graph data. 2/ Data considered reliable to nearest degree only. Figure 3. --Surface temperatures in degrees Fahrenheit on the Con- tinental Shelf, Nantucket Shoals to Cape Hatteras. Based on data collected January 23 to February 3, 1959. Figure 4. --Bottom temperatures in degrees Fahrenheit on the Con- tinental Shelf, Nantucket Shoals to Cape Hatteras. Based on data collected January 23 to February 3, 1959. Leopard skate. Raja garmani Whitley. Collec- tion data listed on fishing transect profiles. Little skate. Raja erinacea Mitchill. Sta. 1-1,3; 9-1, 3; 9-3, 1; 10-6, 1; and 10-7, 2 specimens. Smooth-tailed skate, Raja senta Garman. Sta, 10-1, 1 specimen. Thorny skate. Raja radiata Donovan. Sta. 1-1, 1; and 10-1, 3 specimens. Lantern Fishes and other "Deep-Sea Fishes" Headlight fish, piaphua dumerilii (Bleeker), Sta. 4-5, over 300 specimens averaging 75 mm. in length; sta. 7-6, 16; and 10-2, 1 specimen. The lower lobe of the caudal is black, facilitating separation of this species in the field Madeira lantern {ish, Lampant/ctua maderensis (Lowe). Sta. 3-5, 1; and 7-6, 1 specimen. This species has the upper lobe of the caudal tipped with black. Humboldt's lantern fish, Myctophum humholdti (Risso). Sta. 1-1, 1 specimen plus 2 others, almost certainly this species, that were ap- parently regurgitated by another fish. The latter specimens were each about 160 mm. in length. Pearlsides, Maurolicus pennanti (Walbaum). Sta. 4-5, 1 specimen. Gonostoma, Gonostoma elongatum Gunther. Sta. 10-1, 3; and 10-2, 2 specimens. These and many other specimens from stomachs, pre- sumably the same species averaged about 170 mm. in length. Hatchet fish, Polyipnus aateroides Schultz. Sta. 5-6, 1 specimen about 55 mm. in length. Paralepis, Paralepis sp. Sta. 7-6, 1 specimen. This appears to be an undescribed species. Sorcerer, genus Vene/ico. Sta. 10-2, 1 speci- men. Several examples, probably this genus as well, varying from 300 to 500 mm. were also tsiken from the stomachs of white hake on this station. The specimen listed was taken alive. It had been injured earlier in life and had lost perhaps one-third of its tail. Green-eye, Chloropthalmxts agassizii Bonaparte. Sta. 1-1, 8; 1-2, 1; 4-8, 12; 5-6, 5; 9-6, 1; and 10-2, 4 specimens. This determination should be considered tentative until present efforts at revision of this genus are completed. Benthodesmus, Benthodeamus atlanticus Goode and Bean. Sta. 1-1, 1 specimen. Figure 5.--A big haul of spiny dogfish. sutioD 9-3. Hypsicometes. Hyp»icometes gohioides Goode. Sta. 10-2, 1; and 10-3, 1 specimen. HypoclydoTaa., Hypoclydonia bella (Goode and Bean), Sta. 5-6, 1; and 4-5, 3 specimens. Lowe's polymixia, Polymixia lowei Gunther. Sta, 4-7, 1; and 6-5, Z specimens. Herrings Round herring, Etntmeus sadina (Mitchill). Sta. 6-3, 600+; 7-2, 8; and 7-4, 500+. See figure 6 and remarks under bluefin tuna. Herring, Clupea harenffus Linnaeus. Sta. 10-5, 11 specimens. Alewife, Pomolobui pseudoharengus (Nilson). Sta. 1-6, 4; and 10-6, 5 specimens. Blueback, P«molobus aestivalis (Mitchill). Sta. 4-2, 1 specimen. Sh3.d, Alosa sapidissima (Wilson). Sta. 4-3, 1; and 5-7, 2 specimens. Hakes Silver hake, Merlucciua bilinearis (Mitchill). Col- lection data listed on fishing transect profiles. American hake, Merluccius albidu* (Mitchill). Collection data listed on fishing transect pro- files. This fish has been called the "offshore" hake by Bigelow and Schroeder (1955). It ap- pears to be very closely related to another Merluccius species in the eastern Atlantic called the European haike C/l/. (neriucettt* J. Since there are already nnany species of hakes in our offshore waters, we feel that American hake is to be preferred as a vernacular name. If our interpretation of the echo sounder traces is correct, both this species and M. bilinearis must be very common in the offshore middle Atlantic Figure 6. --Counting and measuring Etrumeus, station 7-4. area. Several fishermen aboard the Albatross III during this cruise expressed the opinion that a dragger might very well catch these two whitings in connmercial quantities, especially along that section of the shelf edge south of Hudson Can- yon. There is no doubt that both species appear to be quite abundant between 100 and 250. fathoms. White hake, Vrophycit tenuis (Mitchill). Collec- tion data listed on fishing transect profiles. The white hake taken late in afternoon invariably had eaten recently. Their food included squid, octopi, and several species of deep-sea fishes. The females had enlarged ovaries, which ap- peared to be ripening. Red hake, Vrophycis chust (Walbaum). Collec- tion data listed on fishing transect profiles. It was hoped that we might be able to define the winter habitat of the red hake during this cruise. This fish is abundant inshore during the summer months, where, in the New England area, it has supported the industrial fishery. We did not catch them at any time in such numbers that we felt we had located the winter center of abundance. This species appeared to be most abundant in depths between 100 and 250 fathoms where the water temperature was between 47 ° and 50° F, During the summer months, also, red hake are most abundant in water having a temperature of about 48° F. Fishing transects made on other cruises during the winter months have demonstrated that red hake may be as abundant on the inshore side of the warm water at the shelf edge as on the offshore side. It is possible that this fish is not fully available to an otter trawl at this time; that is, the species may be a considerable distance off the bottom or widely spread out and not as concentrated as it is when inshore in the summer. In any event, it does appear that this fish prefers a year-round water temperature slightly less than 50 °F. Spotted hake, Urophycit regius (Walbaum). Col- lection data listed on fishing transect profiles. Long -finned haike, Vrophycis chesteri (Goode and Bean). Collection data listed on fishing transect profiles. Five larvae from sta. 5-6. Hakeling, Physiculus fulvus (Bean). Sta. 1-1, 1; and 10-1, 1 specimen. Both specimens were alive when brought up. They were generally a very dark brownish black above and onthe sides and an intense bluish black ventrally, especially about the area beneath which lies the abdominal cavity. The drawing in Bigelow and Schroeder (1953) does not adequately convey the true profile of this fish. Mr. Frank Bailey kindly prepared figure 7, illustrating this species, from our material. Four-bearded reckling, Enchyelyopus cimbrius (Linnaeus). Sta. 5-6, 1; and 7-5, 1 specimen. Grenadiers Three species of grenadiers were collected. The nomenclature used is that of Parr (1946). Malacocephalus (Pavmirus ) occidentalis, Goode and Bean. Sta. 6-5, 2 specimens, 221 and 255 mm. in length; and sta. 9-6, 1 specimen, a mature female, 372 mm. in length, \' e zumia bairdii [Coode and Bean). Sta, 1-1, 3 specimens; sta, 10-1, 12 specimens varying from 230 to 332 nnm, in length; and sta. 10-2, 8 specimens, 6 of which were from 220 to 283 mm. in length with two very small specimens measuring 70 and 130 mm. in length, Coelorhynchus carminatus (Goode), Sta. 1-1,3 spec- imens, 242, 261 and 267 mm,; sta, 1-2,2 speci- mens, 215 and 295 mm.; sta, 3-5, 2 specimens, 222 and 231 mm,; sta. 4-8, 6 specimens, vary- ing from 170 to 250 mm, in length; sta, 5-6, 9, not measured; sta, 6-6, 3 specimens, 230, 248, and 272 mm,; sta, 9-6, 4 specimens varying in length from 219 to 272 nnm,; sta, 10-1, 2 speci- mens, 200 and 256 mm.; and sta, 10-2, 6 speci- mens, 5 of which were from 205 to 248 mm. in length and one (tail broken) about 330 mm. C. carminatus was obviously relatively common through the area, perhaps more abundant to the south, at least in the depths fished, N. bairdii was collected only north of the 39th parallel. Both Sezumia and Coelorhynchus were collected in greatest number in the deeper water. The length frequency data indicates that we had sampled three age classes. There was little on the scales, however, to indicate that it might be possible to age specimens of Nezumin or Coelorhynchus. Specimens oi Coelorhynchus and Nesumia over 300 nnm. appeared to be clearly approaching maturity, leading us to believe that these specimens were one year older than the majority, which averaged about 250 mm. (Coelorhynchus) and 270 mnn. (Nezumia). The two snnall specimens of Nezumia collected, 70 and 130 mm., strongly suggest that we had collected the fir st three consecutive age classes, depending upon when these fish spawn. If so, the growth rate would not be greatly different from that of the common species of hakes in the area. The stomachs of most of the specimens were examined, and most were empty. The very few with food all contained crustaceans, predomi- nately amphipods. Flounders Fluke, Paralichthys dentatus (Linnaeus). Collec- tion data listed on fishing transect profiles. Four- spot flounder, Paralichthys oblongus (Mit- chill). Collection data listed on fishing transect profiles. Grey sole, Glyptocephalus cynofflossus (Linnaeus). Collection data listed on fishing transect pro- files. Sand flounder, Lophosetta maculata (Mite hill). Sta. 4-1, 1; 5-1, 1; 6-1, 4; and 7-1,1 specimen. Gulf Stream flounder, Citharichthys arctifrons Goode. Sta, 4-4, 1; 4-6, 1; and 4-7, 1 specimen. "Deep^vate^ flounder", Monolene sessilicauda Goode. Sta. 1-3, 1; and 10-3, 1 specimen. John Dories John Dory, Zenopsis ocellata (Storer). Sta. 5-4, 1 specimen 428 mm. in total length; and sta. 9-4, Figure l.--Physiculus julvus (Bean). Drawn from 160-mm. specimen. 1 specimen of 230 mm. Also 2 specimens not nneasured, sta. 6-5, 1 and 6-6, 1. Snipefishes Snipefish, Macrorhamphosus scolopax (Linnaeus). Material tentatively referred to this species. Sta. 4-4, 2; and 10-5, 1 specimen. Mackerels Mackerel, Scomber scombrus Linnaeus. Sta. 3-1, 1; 3-2, 12; and 3-3, 2 specimens. All speci- mens were ca. 20 cm. in total length. These stations are on the inshore end of the Barnegat fishing transect. All of these specimens had a well developed "adipose eyelid." Bluefin tuna, Thunnus thynnus (Linnaeus). Sta. 7-4, 13 specimens taken by hook and line, ranging from 43 to 49 cm. in fork length. Figure 8 is a photograph of a 45-cm. speci- men. Frank Mather (Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution) kindly verified our identification. These fish were observed on stations before and after 7-4. They canne alongside on this particular station when we have several bushels of round herring in the cod end and a fair number escaping through the l/2-inch cod end liner. This "chum" attracted the school of small tuna, estimated to contain at least 300 fish. The tuna bit readily on hooks baited with round herring and also avidly struck a yellow- feathered spoon. Butterfishes Butterfish, Poronotus triacanthus (Peck). Collec- tion data listed on fishing transect profiles. Bluefishes Bluefish, Pomatomus saltatrix (Linnaeus). Sta. 7-1,2 specimens (fig. 9). Sea Basses Sea bass, Centropristes striatus (Linnaeus). Col- lection data listed on fishing transect profiles. Porgies Scup, Stenotomus versicolor (Mitchill). Collection data listed on fishing transect profiles. There were virtually no young-of-the-year scup in our collections. In the opinion of many of the fishery biologists. State and Federal, that had an interest in or occasion to observe the scup last summer (1958), the spawning, or the results thereof, had been an almost total failure. The results of our cruise bear this out. Of further interest was the fact that the scup taJ^en off New Jersey presented a different appearance to the eye than did those taken to the north and east. Some preliminary observa- tions by two of us, Edwards and Hamer, had led us to believe that differences existed in the stocks that occurred off the coasts of New Jersey and southern New England during the summer months, at least, on the basis of a comparison of scales. The differences ob- served on this cruise were matters of dif- ferences in color. The fish taken north of the Hudson Canyon were darker and generally less colorful than those taken farther south. This color difference was particularly noticeable on the caudal fin. The fish taken off New Jersey had caudal fins that were, by comparison, brightly barred with alternate vertical bands of orange and blue. Tilefishes Tilefish, Lopholatilus chamaeleonticeps Goode and Bean. Sta. 1-4, 1 specimen. Rockfishes Black-bellied redfish, Halicolenus dactylopterus (De La Roche). Collection data listed on fishing transect profiles. Sculpins Long-horned sculpin, M y o x o c e phalus octodecimspinosus (Mitchill). Sta. 3-2, 1 specimen. Sea Robins Comnnon sea robin, Prionotus carolinus (lAn- naeus). Collection data listed on fishing transect profiles. Striped sea robin, Prionotus evolans (Linnaeus). Sta. 6-5, 1; 7-1, 13; and 7-2, 4 specimens. Armored sea robin, Peristedion miniatum Goode. Collection data listed on fishing transect pro- files. Ocean Pouts Eelpout, MacroBoarces americanus (Block and Schneider). Sta. 1-5, 5; 9-1, 2; and 10-5, 1 specimen. Anglers Angler, Lophius americanus Cuvier and Valen- ciennes. Collection data listed on fishing tran- sect profiles. Frogfishes Dibranchua atlanticus Peters. Sta. 1-1, 1; 10-1, 3; and 10-2, 2 specimens. It was noticed that pupils of these specimens were black with very slight blue cast, whereas several speci- mens taken in approxinnately 200 fathoms south- east of Cape Hatteras had strikingly bright blue pupils. a * ^4 ^^■^H ^^!^l • 1 Figure 8.--A 45-cm. bluefin tuna, photxjgraphed inunediately after capture. Figtire 9.--Biitefish taken in the trawl on s utioo 7-1. 10 LITERATURE CITED BIGELOW, Henry B. 1933. Studies of the waters on the Con- tinental Shelf, Cape Cod to Chesapeake Bay. I. Papers in Physical Oceanography and Meteorology, vol. 2, no. 4, p. 1-120. 1955. Occurrence off the Middle and North Atlantic United States of the offshore hake Merluccius albidus (Mitchill) 1818, and of the blue whiting Oadus (micromesistius) poutassou (Risso) 1 826. Bulletin of Museum Comparative Zoology, (Harvard), vol. 113, no. 2, p. 205-226. BIGELOW, HENRY B., and WILLIAM C. SCHROEDER. 1953. Fishes of the Gulf of Maine. U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Fishery Bul- letin 74, vol. 53, 577 p. PARR, A. E, 1946. The Macrouridae of the western North Atlantic and central American seas. Bul- letin of the Bingham Oceanographic Col- lection, vol. 10, article 1, 99 p. 11 APPENDIX I, BT CAST DATA Ji 3 cu d B X O N c s rn rt 3 CO ;h in I) 4) f) •^ s 0) W u (0 m jd * 0 ■n •?i 0 ^^ o 01 (0 C o ■iH ■a CO > rn t. 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They are all, by necessity, somewhat diagrammatic. This is particularly true of the profiles presenting both temperature and fishing data. In order to fish in various depths, it was frequently necessary to search around somewhat to find trawlable bottom. For this reason some of the profiles are not straight lines across the shelf, especially on the edge of the shelf. The various temperature and fishing profiles are presented in more or less geographic order, from north to south. Bottom water temperatures given for stations at depths exceeding 150 fathoms were determined by extrapolating bathythermograph data and should be considered gross estimates. Figure A- 1 .-- Temperature profile A-B and B-C. Figure A-2.-- Temperature profile U-V. Figure A-3. --Temperature profile T-U. Figure A-4.-- Temperature profile S-T. Figure A-5.-- Temperature profile R-S. Figure A-6.-- Temperature profile D-E. Figure A-7.-- Temperature profile Q-R. Figure A-8,-- Temperature profile E-F. Figure A-9. --Temperature profile P-Q. Figure A- 1 0.-- Temperature Figure A- 1 1 .-- Temperature Figure A- 1 2.-- Temperature Figure A- 1 3.-- Temperature Figure A- 14.-- Temperature Figure A- I 5.-- Temperature Figure A- 16.-- Temperature Figure A- 1 7.-- Temperature Figure A- 18.- -Temperature profile F-G. profile N-O-P. profile H-1. profile G-H. profile I-J. profile J-K. profile K-L. profile L-M. profile M-N. Figure A-1.--Temperature profile A-B and B-C. Data from bathythermograph casts 1 to 21, and 21 to 26, January 21-22. 1959. 17 Figure A-2.--Temperamre profile U-V. Data from bathythermograph casts 177 : 182, February 3-4. 1959. 39° 50' N 70° 20' W Figure A-3.--Temperature profile T-U. Data from bathythermograph casts 172 to 177. February 3, 1959. 18 I 20 Figure A-4. --Temperature profile S-T. Data from bathythermograph casts 160 to 171, February 2-3, 1959. Appendix table 2. --Principal species caught, fishing transect 1 (Afertha's Vineyard), February 3, 1959 [See Figure A-3] Species Spiny dogfish: Male Female Barndoor skate Silver hake American hake White hake Red hake Long-finned hake Fluke Four spot Grey sole Butterfish Black-bellied redfish. Armored sea robin Angler Number taken at station — [Average depth of tow (in fathoms) in parentheses] 6 (A6.5) ^8 11 17 5 (6-4) (82.5) U 353 277 3 (99) 423 5 3 1,500 9 7 2 ;U6) 2 300 130 1 105 1 "4 U 1 (210) 2 280 72 26 68 3U 3 11 19 Figure A-5. --Temperature profile R-S. Data from bathythermograph casts 153 to 160, February 2. 1959. ^ e-^^ ^ '*( 39° 50' N 72° 36' W V ,' 39' 22' N 7 1° 58' *. f- ' 228 FATHOMS Appendix table 3. — Principal species caiight, fishing transect 10 (Hudson Canyon), February 2, 1959 [See figure A-5 ] Species Spiny dogfish: Male , Female ■ Barndoor skate , Leopard skate Silver hake , American hake , White hake Red hake Long-finned hake , Flvike , Grey sole , Butterf ish , Scup Black-bellied redfish , Armored sea robin , Angler Number taken at station -- [Average depth of tow (in fathoms) in parentheses] 7 (32) 10 13 6 ^0 2 16 178 90 5 (67) 5 5 2 2 29 149 387 (92) 3 (103) A 21 2 (178) 280 360 16 36 16 17 1 1 (228) 62 5 8 11 2 2 Young -of -the -year and immat\ire fish ZO Figure A-6. --Temperature profile D-E. Data from bathythermograph casts 36 to 41, January 23, 1959. Appendix table ^.--Principal species caught, fishing transect 3 (Bamegat), January 23, 1959 [see figure A-6] Species Number taken at station — [Average depth of tow (in fathoms) in parentheses] 1 (25) 2 (45) 3 (62) (80) 5 (159) Big skate Leopard skate Silver hake Red hake Four spot Grey sole Butterf ish Mackerel Scup Black-bellied redfish. Angler 8 12 23 1 2 17 2 1 1 12 407 54 21 Figure A-7. --Temperature profile Q-R. Data from bathythermograph casts 145 to 163, January 1-2, 1959. Figure A-8.--Temperature profile E-F. Data from bathythermograph casts 41 to 53, January 23-24, 1959. 22 /^ ,-- 38*S7'N 1 74'32'W 1 dv % ^\ M / i 38"27'N. 1 ©I I®' 192 FATHOMS Figure A -9. --Temperature profile P-Q. Data from bathythermograph casts 134 to 143, February 1, 1959. Appendix table 5.— Principal species caught, fishing transect 9 (Cape May), February 1, 1959 [See figure A-9] Species Number taken at station — [Average depth of tow (in fathoms) in parentheses] 1 (32) 2 (43) 3 (62) 4 (86) 5 <117) 7 (153) 6 (180) Spiny dogfish: Male 53 4 1 17 1 2 1 52 3 105 5 144 138 1 1 1 1,120 23 121 11 1 251 466 1 5 2 6 80 1 6 3 1 5 1 6 ±1,125 49 1 2 5 1 1 1 4 1 850 27 15 17 3 30 1 13 Female • — — — Brier skate 1 Tieotjard skate •..........••• — ._ Silver hake ..............*• 415 Ame r i c an hake -1-125 White hake 21 Red hake — _ — Snotted hake _- — Tx3n^-f Inned hake 4 Fluke — — . Four spot Grey sole 3 Butterf ish ___ Sea bass . — — Scup Black-bellied redf ish Common sea robin Armored sea robin. ......... 13 Angler 13 23 Appendix table 6. — Principal species caught, fishing transect -4 (Delaware Bay), January 2-4, 1959 [See figure A-IO] Species Number taken at station -- [Average depth of tow (in fathoms) in parentheses] 1 (30) 2 (A2) 3 (65) 4 (80) 5 (100) 6 (125) 7 (150) (220) Spiny dogfish: Male Female Barndoor skate . . . . Big skate Brier skate Leopard skate Silver hake American hake White hake Red hake Spotted hake Long-finned hake . . Fluke Four spot Grey sole Butterfish Sea bass Scup Black-bellied redf ish Common sea robin. . Armored sea robin. Angler lA 53 66 2 1 10 2 1 10 5 30 53 15 3 1 11 4 2 4 1 1 3 113 15 1 1 72 2 1 72 36 127 46 1 30 Young-of-the-year 24 Figure A -10.- -Temperature profile F-G. Data from bathy- thermograph casts 54 to 61, January 24, 1959. 220 FATHOMS Figure A-11. --Temperature profile N-O-P. O-P: Data from bathythermograph casts 124 to 134, January 31 to February 1, 1959. N-O: Data from bathythermograph casts 121 to 124, January 31, 1959. 25 Figure A-12.--Temper3ture profile H-1. Data from bathy- thermograph casts 69-73, January 25, 1959. 238 FATHOMS Appendix table 7. — Principal species caught, fishing transect 5 (Winter Quarter), Januaiy 25, 1959 [See figure A- 12] Species Number taken at station -- [Average depth of tow (in fathoms) in parentheses] 1 (18) 2 (37) 3 (-43) 7 (92) (130) 6 (238) Spiny dogfish: Male Female Big skate Brier skate Leopard skate Silver hake American hake White hake Red hake Spotted hake Long-finned hake Fl\ike Four spot Grey sole Butterfish Sea bass Scup Black-bellied redfish. Angler 58 1 1 1 17 2 2 1 334 61 6 U 6 1 230 66 49 29 1 2 399 6 4 1 3 2 17 •"• Mostly immature fish 26 Appendix table 8. — Principal species caught, fishing transect 6 (Cape Charles), January 25, 1959 [See figure 15-A] Species Number taken at station — [Average depth of tow (in fathoms) in parentheses] I (17) 2 3 (^2) (77) 5 (107) 6 (173) Spiny dogfish: . Male Female Barndoor skate Brier skate Silver hake American hake White hake Red hake Spotted hake Long-finned hake Fluke Grey sole Butterfish Sea bass Scup Black-bellied redfish. Common sea robin Angler 25 56 4 46 45 15 8 450 1 33 12 8 2 1 15 540 24 4 2 2 16 2 45 Yo\iiig - o f - the - ye ar 27 Figure A-13. --Temperature profile G-H. Data from bathythermograph casts 60 to 69, Janu- ary 24-25. 1959. 1 f? V n'be' N. 73'57' W. 4\ L^ © 4 \ 37°55' N ,.k I'oO 'm ® Figure A-14. --Temperature profile I-J. Data from bathyihertiiograph casts 73 to 83, January 24-25. 1959. 80 - 100 - 120 140 173 F4TH0MS Figure A-15. --Temperature profile J-K. Data from bathythermograph casts 34 to 90, January 25, 1959. Figure A-16.- -Temperature profile K-L. Data from bathythermograph casts 90 to 97, January 26-27, 1959. 29 Figure A-17. --Temperature profile L-M. Data from bathy- thermograph casts 98 to 106, January 27, 1959. 192 FATHOMS Appendix table 9. --Principal species caught, fishing transect 7 (Albermarle), January 27, 1959 [See figure A-7] Species Number taken at station -- [Average depth of tow (in fathoms) in parentheses] 1 (19) 2 (26) 3 (^5) 5 (80) 6 (192) Brier skate Leopard skate Silver hake American hake Red hake Spotted hake Long-finned hake Fluke Four spot Butterfish Black-bellied redfish. Angler 123 1 332 7 A 2 1 ^ Mostly immature fish. ^ Small red hake in scallop. 30 ■^ y Js ■ i| 100 ftn $ W / 37° 22' N 74° 56' W, 1 1 f 1^ 3 5" 46' N 7 3° 55' W Figure A-18.- -Temperature profile M-N. Data from bathythermograph casts 107 to 121, January 30-31, 1959. GTO 9227S4 31 MBL WHOI Library • Serials niliiiini|iiiini|iii'iii!