ANNUAL FISH PASSAGE REPORT ROCK ISLAND DAM COLUMBIA RIVER, WASHINGTON 1960 . SPECIAL SCIENTIFIC REPORT-FISHERIES Na419 UNITED STATES DEj>AjmyiENTJ)Fjr^^ TTsir^iDrvn^iLrFEr^ERvTcr UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR, STEWART L. UDALL, SECRETARY Fish and Wildlife Service, Clarence F. Pautzke, Commissioner Bureau of Commercial Fisheries, Donald L. McKernan, Director ANNUAL FISH PASSAGE REPORT - ROCK ISLAND DAM COLUMBIA RIVER, WASHINGTON, 1960 by Paul D. Zimmer and Clifton C. Davidson United States Fish and Wildlife Service Special Scientific Report — Fisheries No. 419 Washington, D. C. April 1962 IN MEMORIAM This annual report of fishway operations at Rock Island Dam in 1960 is dedicated to the memory of co-author Clifton C. Davidson, fishway superintendent. Mr. Davidson, by his lifelong devotion to duty and wholehearted cooperative spirit, was an inspiration to all his associates. CONTENTS Page Introduction 1 Counting procedures 1 Enumeration of fish 2 Chinook salmon, Oncorhynchus tshawytscha 2 Chinook salmon jacks 2 Sockeye salmon, Oncorhynchus nerka (blueback or red) 2 Coho salmon, Oncorhynchus kisutch (silver) 2 Steelhead trout, Salmon gairdneri 2 Miscellaneous fish 3 Weather and river discharge data 3 Activities and observations 3 Summary 4 iii Rock Island Dam, Columbia River, Washington iv ANNUAL FISH PASSAGE REPORT - ROCK ISLAND DAM COLUMBIA RIVER, WASHINGTON, 1960 by Paul D. Zimmer, Clifton C. Davidson Fishery Biologists (Management) ABSTRACT Important runs of salmon and steelhead trout pass Rock Island Dam on the Columbia River. Annual records of fish movement past the dam are available from 1933. Count of 26,550 chinook salmon in 1960 is slightly more than half the peak year of 1957. Sockeye salmon count of 60,341 exceeded the 27-year mean of 52,823. Only 94 coho salmon were recorded. Greatest count of coho salmon, 229, occurred in 1947. Numbers of steelhead trout passing Rock Island Dam increased in 1960. The 27- year mean of 2,946 steelhead trout was less than the 1960 count of 6,226. Approximately 150,660 fish other than salmon and steelhead trout passed Rock Island Dam in 1960. INTRODUCTION Rock Island Dam, located on the Columbia River approximately 12 miles downstream from the city of Wenatchee, Wash., has been in operation since 1933. The plant is owned and operated by Chelan County Public Utility District No. 1. This report on passage of fish at Rock Island Dam during 1960 provides information on operation of fishways and numbers of fish utilizing upstream fish passage facilities. Rock Island Dam is equipped with three fishways: one located on the right bank, Note.--Paul D. Zimmer and Clifton C Davidson (deceased), Bureau of Commercial Fisheries Columbia Fisheries Program Office, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Portland, Ore. another on the left bank, and a third ap- proximately in the center of the dam. Biological data secured at Rock Island Dam are useful in management of the Colum- bia River fishery resource and in planning fish facilities at other dams. COUNTING PROCEDURES Counting of fish at Rock Island Dam in 1960 began on May 2 and ended October 29. Counting was conducted on a full-time basis throughout each day's period of daylight. During the period May 2 to September 15 counts were made 16 hours each day; Sep- tember 16-30, 12; and October 1-29, 8 hours at right and middle ladders and 12 hours at left bank fishway. A 15-minute rest period was allowed each hour. During periods of noncounting the three fishways were closed to upstream movement of fish. ENUMERATION OF FISH Chinook Salmon, Oncorhynchus tshawytscha The chinook salmon count in 1960 of 26,550 is well above the mean of 15,153 for the 27-year period, 1933-59. The count increased from that of 1959 (Zimmer, Davidson, and Anders1), and was slightly more than half the annual fish count of 50,713 in 1957 (table 1). Monthly totals of chinook salmon counted are given in table 2. Maximum day's count in 1960 was 401 fish on August 3 (table 3). In 1960 peak movement of chinook salmon (jacks included) occurred on August 3, when 516 fish were counted through the fishways. Tables 4 and 5 show semimonthly totals of number and percentage of chinook salmon counted through each fish ladder in 1960. Data pertaining to chinook salmon daily counts are contained in tables 6-11. Chinook Salmon Jacks Some chinook salmon return from the ocean during the year following their seaward mi- gration and are referred to as "jacks." These fish are predominantly males and are smaller than the average. It has been determined at Rock Island Dam that up to June 30 of each year jacks rarely, if ever, exceed 18 inches in length, while the balance of the fish ap- preciably exceed that length. Likewise, from July 1 to the end of the season jacks rarely, if ever, exceed 22 inches in length. Conse- quently, jacks at Rock Island Dam are identi- fied by considering all chinook salmon 18 inches or less in length prior to July 1 as jacks, and all chinook salmon 22 inches or less in length subsequent to June 30 as jacks. Monthly totals of jacks counted in 1960 are given in table 2. In 1960, the maximum day's count of chinook salmon jacks, 128, occurred on August 10 (table 3). The 5, 08 2 fish recorded as jacks constitute 19.1 percent of the total 1960 chinook salmon run. iZimmer. Paul D„ Clifton C. Davidson, and Floyd S. Anders. 1961. Annual fish passage report. Rock Island Dam, 1959. UJS. Fish and Wildlife Service. Special Scientific Report --Fisheries No. 394, p. 1-14. Data pertaining to semimonthly counts of chinook salmon jacks utilizing each fish ladder at Rock Island Dam in 1960 are given in table 5. Sockeye Salmon, Oncorhynchus nerka (blue- back or red) The sockeye salmon count of 60,341 for 1960 was greater than the 27-year mean of 53,092 (table 1). In 1960, peak of the run was reached on July 19, when 3,524 fish were counted through the fishway at Rock Island Dam. In recent years attention has been drawn to the many small sockeye salmon at Rock Island Dam. During the 1960 counting period sockeye salmon under 16 inches in length were enumerated as small fish. Number of sockeye salmon recorded as "small" was 6,335 (10.5 percent). Monthly totals of sockeye salmon counted in 1960 are given in table 2. Data pertaining to sockeye salmon daily counts are contained in tables 8-11. Tables 12 and 13 show semimonthly totals of number and percentage of sockeye salmon ascending each fishway. Of the sockeye salmon passing Rock Island Dam in 1960, 61.52 per- cent ascended the left ladder, while 22.36 and 16.11 percent ascended the middle and right ladders, respectively. Coho Salmon, Oncorhynchus kisutch (silver) The coho salmon count of 94 in 1960 was greater than the 27-year mean of 63 and is the sixth highest count recorded at Rock Island Dam for this species (table 1). Monthly totals of coho salmon counted in 1960 are given in table 2. Maximum day's count in 1960 of 11 fish occurred on September 24. Daily counts of coho salmon passing the dam are given in tables 10 and 11. Steelhead Trout, Salmo gairdneri The steelhead trout count of 6,226 in 1960 was higher than those of the preceding 4 years and is well above the 27-year mean of 2,946 (table 1). Monthly totals of steelhead trout counted are given in table 2. Maximum day's count in I960 was 198 on September 20 (table 3). Additional data pertaining to steelhead trout daily counts are contained in tables 6-11. Semimonthly totals of number and percent- age of steelhead trout ascending each fish ladder are given in table 14. Miscellaneous Fish In 1960, enumeration was made of species of fish other than salmon and steelhead trout passing Rock Island Dam. Data pertaining to these fish are given in tables 15-20. No claims are made as to complete accuracy of identi- fication of these fish. It is felt, however, that the degree of accuracy is consistent with that maintained at other dams on the Columbia River and as such may be used as a rough index of abundance of these fish. In 1960, approximately 150,660 fish other than salmon and steelhead trout passed Rock Island Dam. Species of fish included are: largescale sucker, Catostomus macrocheilus Girard; longnose sucker, Catostomus catostomus (Forster); squawf ish, Ptychocheilus orego- nense (Richardson); Rocky Mountain whitefish, Prosopium williamsoni (Girard); Columbia River chub, Mylocheilus caurin us (Richardson); chiselmouth, Acrocheilus alutaceus Agassiz and Pickering; carp, Cyprinus carp to Linnaeus; Dolly Varden trout, Salvelinus malma (Wal- baum); and rainbow trout, Salmo gairdneri Richardson. WEATHER AND RIVER DISCHARGE DATA Figure 1. --Headwater May 210 Rock I960. Island Dam, Figure 2.--Tailwater elevations, Rock Island Dam, May 2 to October 29, 1960. Headwater and tailwater elevations are plotted on figures 1 and 2, respectively. Water and air temperatures were taken by pocket thermometer. Water temperatures given are average of morning and afternoon surface readings. Daily records of weather conditions and stream flows are shown in tables 6-11. Daily river discharge data are plotted in figure 3. ACTIVITIES AND OBSERVATIONS Arrival time of the first chinook salmon at Rock Island Dam in 1960 was 15 days earlier than in 1959. In spite of this early arrival of fish, the peak day's movement of chinook salmon occurred on August 3, 70 days later than in 1959. I I I II I I I I I I I I Figure 3. --Daily river discharge. Rock Island Dam, May 2 to October 29, 1960. There were no dewaterings necessary of middle and right bank fishways during 1960. The left bank fishway was dewatered twice as follows: (1) April 28, to install special weir for electronic fish counting experiments; and (2) November 11 and 12, to remove special weir. Electronic fish counting experiments began on July 21 and continued through August 5. Broken guide rails prevented operation of crest gate number 37, thereby eliminating use of this gate to add attraction flow near the right bank ladder. In 1960, six chinook and one sockeye salmon bearing Fish Commission of Oregon colored tags were recorded through the fishways at Rock Island Dam. SUMMARY 1. Total count of salmon and steelhead trout at Rock Island Dam was 93,211 in 1960. This was less than the 1959 count of 99,959 but exceeded the 27-year mean of 70,983. 2. Yearly total counts of salmon and steel- head trout passing Rock Island Dam during the period 1933-60, inclusive, are given in table 1. 3. The chinook salmon count of 26,550 in 1960 exceeded the total for this species in 1959 and was slightly greater than half the peak year of 1957. In 1960, 5,082 jacks were recorded, representing 19.1 percent of that year's count. 4. The sockeye salmon count of 60,341 in 1960 was less than in 1959 but exceeded the 27-year mean of 52,824. Small sockeye under 16 inches in length comprised 10.5 percent of the run. A greater percentage of sockeye utilized the left bank ladder than used either the middle or right bank ladders. 5. Few coho salmon have appeared at Rock Island Dam in the period 1933-60. Greatest count of this species of salmon occurred in 1947, when 229 fish were recorded. The 1960 count of 94 was less than that of 1959 but exceeded the 27-year mean of 60. 6. The steelhead trout count of 6,226 in 1960 exceeded all previous records and was well above the 27-year mean of 2,946. 7. Although no quantitative data are avail- able, it was the impression of the fishway superintendent and the counters that the inci- dence of injured fish was probably less than half that observed in 1959. 8. Fish other than salmon and steelhead trout passing Rock Island Dam in 1960 totalled approximately 150,660. 9. Fish counting was begun on May 2 and ended October 29. 10. Maximum number of salmonids counted in 1 day during the 1960 season was 3,574 on July 19. Table 1. — Annual counts of salmon and steelhead trout at Rock Island Dam, 1933-60. Chinook Steelhead Sockeye Coho Year salmon trout salmon salmon Total 1933 5,668 , 6,482i/ 1,055^ 40,737 182 47, 642 1934 583 2,227 69 9,361 1935 16,310 , 7,396±/ 5,412 / 2,369f/ 2,2lW 14,013 10 35,745 1936 16,501 0 26, 266 1937 5,133 15,087 58 22,492 1938 5,803 2,400 / 5,427^ 17,123 78 25,4o4 1939 11,206 19,591 13 36,237 ±9ko 9,492 5,550 26,894 2 41,938 19M 2,571 3,561 949 29 7,no 19^2 6,814 3,586 16, 282 1 26,683 19^3 H,l45 2,249 17,665 22 31,081 1944 3,375 1,329 4,932 186 9,822 1945 5,696 1,121 7,142 166 14,125 1946 9,992 1,761 45,029 32 56,814 1947 11,766 2,115 79,834 229 93,944 1948 7,083 2,360 84,184 29 93,656 1949 12,353 2,470 18,600 4o 33,^63 1950 10,343 1,852 50,134 72 62,4o6 1951 18,752 3,121 101,826 8 123,707 1952 20,121 2,883 114,349 27 137,380 1953 31,080 4,001 151, 747 40 186,868 1954 33,283 5,407 91,234 44 129,968 1955 25,658 3,l4l 155,055 39 183,893 1956 25,085 1,540 92,443 29 119,097 1957 50,713 3,927 71,621 27 126, 288 19582/ 1959^ 32,457 3,970 98,695 60 135,182 23,352 4,138 72,351 118 99,959 i960 26,550 6,226 6o,34l 94 93,211 1/ Incomplete count. 2/ Counts for the period from May 4 through July 15, 1959, were computed by extrapolating sample counts. Table 2. — Monthly totals of all anadromous fish counted at Rock Island Dam, 1960. Species May June July August Sept. Oct. Total Chinook (except jacks) Chinook (jacks) Steelhead Sockeye ( large ) Sockeye (small) Coho 5,373 624 752 0 0 0 3,606 602 32 112 27 0 4,428 536 74 44,109 4,923 0 4,367 1,325 1,327 9,255 1,316 0 3,070 1,783 2,992 528 69 52 624 212 1,049 2 0 42 21,468 5,082 6,226 54,006 6,335 94 Total fish 6,749 4,379 54,070 17,590 8,494 1,929 93,211 Table 3. — Maximum daily counts, salmon and steelhead, Rock Island Dam, 1960. Number Species Date of fish Chinook (except jacks) Aug. 3 l»01 Chinook (jacks) Aug. 10 128 Steelhead Sept. 20 198 Sockeye (large) July 19 3,123 Sock eye (small) July 15 354 Co ho Sept. 24 LI Table 4. — Number and percent of chinook salmon counted over fish ladder, Rock Island Dam, 1960 (jacks not included). each Date May 2-15 May 16-31 June 1-15 June 16-30 July 1-15 July 16-31 Aug. 1-15 Aug. 16-31 Sept. 1-15 Sept. 16-30 Oct. 1-15 Oct. 16-29 Total Left ladder Number Percent Middle ladder Number Percent Right Number ladder Percent Total 702 1,301 502 1,214 2,036 1,524 2,595 1,079 1,333 1,234 427 no 14,057 40.67 35.67 37.30 53.72 79-41 81.76 86.90 78.13 85.61 81.56 86.97 82.71 65.48 188 1,847 799 827 288 146 79 43 28 32 17 5 4,299 IO.89 50.65 59.36 36.59 11.23 7.83 2.65 3-11 1.80 2.11 3.46 3.76 20.02 499 45 219 240 194 312 259 196 247 47 18 3,H2 48.44 13.68 3-34 9.69 9.36 10.41 10.45 18.76 12.59 16.33 9.57 13.53 14.50 1,726 3,647 1,346 2,260 2,564 1,864 2,986 l,38l 1,557 1,513 491 133 21,468 Table 5. — Number and percent of chinook salmon jacks counted each fish ladder, Rock Island Dam, 1960. Left ladder Middle ladder Right ladder Date Number Percent Number Percent Number Percent Total May 2-15 56 39.16 26 18.18 61 42.66 143 May 16-31 190 39-50 202 42.00 89 18.50 481 June 1-15 128 46.38 126 45.65 22 7-97 276 June 16-30 149 45.71 128 39.26 49 15.03 326 July 1-15 209 77-41 29 10.74 32 11.85 270 July 16-31 230 86.47 9 3.38 27 10.15 266 Aug. 1-15 724 87.97 14 1.70 85 10.33 823 Aug. 16-31 411 81.87 18 3.59 73 14.54 502 Sept. 1-15 916 80.92 25 2.21 191 16.87 1,132 Sept. 16-30 487 74.81 32 4.92 132 20.27 651 Oct. 1-15 120 81.08 7 4.73 21 14.19 148 Oct. 16-29 51 79.69 2 3.12 11 17.19 64 Total 3,671 72.24 618 12.16 793 I5.60 5,082 I J- J- CO OJ CT\V£> VO -4 -4 O-^ O CO CO -4 VQ OQ ON r-l VO ON OM>- iH VO C^CO H (TWO i cm -4 on i/%-4 t— -3- oo o\co o H - H H H 0J -4" CVJ OO CQ H O on -3- OJ on cvJ o 3S^SSSS33SSS5>^5>^^^^^^ ! 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Q) -P aJ U H H H H O O ONONONCOCOCOCOCOCOCOCO OnONOncOcOCO ON ON ON ON ON l^- vo vo vo vo vo vo LrNU^ir\irNU^L^UALr\irNLPvLrNir\i/NUALr\tr\Lr\LrvLr\Lr\Lr\LTNLrN WOOHrlW44 0\0\COOQH t-vo VO CM CO ON-4 rl H O ^ ON OJ ON t- LT\ LTN LTN LTN LTN LTN LTN-4 CO CO-4 LTN-4 -4 J- J" -4 -4" -4 -4 LTN LTN LTN LTN-4 -4 -4 CO CO OCM.-3-VOC0C0-4-Q COVQ tH004WiAOJVOrHCVliAr)vO4iHVOOJiAHt- CO CO C— t— t— t— VO 05 VO VO VO LTNVO VO VO t— C— t— VO VO VO VO VO VO LTNVO LTNVO LTN r-\ CM CO-4- LTNVO r-00 ON O H CM 0O-4 LTNVO [— CO ON O H CM CO -4 LTNVO C— CO ON HHr^HHHHHHHCMCMCMCMCMCMCMCMCMCM 13 Table 12. — Number and percent of sockeye salmon (large) counted over each ladder, flock Island Dam, 1960. te Left ladder Middle ladder Right ladder Da Number Percent Number Percent Number Percent Total May 2-15 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 May 16-31 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 June 1-15 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 June 16-30 73 65.18 34 30.36 5 4.46 112 July 1-15 10,054 56.25 5,171 28.93 2,648 14.82 17,873 July 16-30 16,108 61.40 5,608 21.37 4,520 17.23 26,236 Aug. 1-15 5,854 77.46 566 7.49 1,137 15.05 7,557 Aug. 16-31 1,359 80.04 50 2.94 289 17.02 1,698 Sept. 1-15 330 68.89 57 11.90 92 19.21 479 Sept. 16-30 42 85.72 6 12.24 1 2.04 49 Oct. 1-15 1 100.00 0 0 0 0 1 Oct. 16-29 1 100.00 0 0 0 0 1 Total 33,822 62.63 11,492 21.28 8,692 16.09 54,006 Table 13. — Number and percent of sockeye salmon (small) counted over each ladder, Rock Island Dam, 1960. te Left ladder Middle ladder Right ladder Da Number Percent Number Percent Number Percent Total May 2-15 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 May 16-31 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 June 1-15 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 June 16-30 8 29.63 18 66.67 1 3.70 27 July 1-15 1,068 46.35 964 41.84 272 11.81 2,304 July 16-31 1,211 46.24 882 33.68 526 20.08 2,619 Aug. 1-15 750 71.63 119 11.37 178 17.00 1,047 Aug. 16-31 226 84.01 11 4.09 32 11.90 269 Sept. 1-15 37 54.41 9 13.24 22 32.35 68 Sept. 16-30 1 100.00 0 0 0 0 1 Oct. 1-15 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Oct. 16-29 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Total 3,301 52.11 2,003 31.62 1,031 16.27 6,335 14 Table 14. — Number and percent of steelhead trout counted over each ladder, Rock Island Dam, 1960. 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