Tagging Summary of American Shad, Alosa Sapidissima (Wilson) and Striped Bass, Roccus Saxatilis (Walbaum), Bureau of Commercial Fisheries Biological Laboratory Beaufort, N.C., 1950-65 By Paul R. Nichols and Randall P. Cheek Marine Biological Laboratory LIBRARY OCT 3 1 19BP WOODS HOLE, MASS. SPECIAL SCIENTIFIC REPORT-FISHERIES Na 539 UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR FISH AND WILDLIFE SERVICE BUR E A iT^F'cOMMERCliarF ISHER^ UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR Stewart L. Udall, Secretary John A. Carver, Jr., Under Secretary Stanley A. Cain, Assistant Secretary for Fv^h and Wildlife and Parks FISH AND WILDLIFE SERVICE, Clarence F. Pautzke, Commissioner Bureau of Commercial Fisheries, Donald L. McKernan, Director Tagging Summary of American Shad, Alosa Sapidissima (Wilson) and Striped Bass, Roccus Saxatilis (Walbaum), Bureau of Commercial Fisheries Biological Laboratory, Beaufort, N.C., 1950-65 By PAUL R. NICHOLS AND RANDALL P. CHEEK United States Fish and Wildlife Service Special Scientific Report--Fisheries No. 539 Washington, D.C. July 1966 CONTENTS Page Text 1 Literature cited 8 Tagging Summary of American Shad, Alosa Sapidissima (Wilson) and Striped Bass, Roccus Saxatilis (Walbaum), Bureau of Commercial Fisheries Biological Laboratory, Beaufort, N.C., 1950-65 By PAUL R. NICHOLS and RANDALL P. CHEEK, Fishery Biologists (Research) ABSTRACT Number and type of tags applied on American shad, Alosa sapidissima (Wilson), and striped bass, Roccus saxatilis (Walbaun-i), in 1950-65, are summarized in tables. A detailed description is given of each type of tag and how it was affixed to the fish. The report also gives the purpose of each tagging study and the status of reports on the findings. The Bureau of Commercial Fisheries has used mark-and-recapture techniques widely on aquatic animals to study movements, and to estimate abundance, growth, and mortality of exploited populations. This paper presents a summary of tagging studies of American shad, Alosa sapidissima (Wilson), and striped bass, Roccus saxatilis (Walbaum), performed by the Bureau's Biological Laboratory, Beau- fort, N.C., and cooperating agencies, 1950-65. These studies included tagging 40,093 striped bass in 1955-65, and 27,042 American shad in 1950-65 (see fig. 1 for the types of tags used). In addition, 70,000 young shad were marked by fin clipping. The following information is presented in tables 1-6: Number and type of tags applied--Number and type of tags applied on two species in different States and a detailed description of each tag and how it was affixed to the fish. Locality and time of tagging--River or body of water and month and year fish were col- lected, tagged, and released. Collection gear-- Type of gears used to col- lect fish for tagging. Size and age of fish tagged--Range of fork length to nearest 0.1 inch, and age groups in years of tagged fish released for each study. Nature of the study--Purpose of the tagging and status of reports on the findings are given. Published reports are cited, and preliminary findings are given for unpublished reports. Analyses of unpublished tagging data are in progress and reports are to be published. This report will be useful to agencies in the planning of tagging studies of these species, especially in the development of proposed research projects under Public Law 89-304 (Anadromous Fish Program Act). Detailed information on the tagging studies, such as number of tags recovered, recovery loca- tion, . . ., is available from the Bureau of Commercial Fisheries Biological Laboratory, Beaufort, N.C. 28516. p ^. - PETERSEN DISK 1 / \ / STRAP TAG --0 BELIY TAG \ •' ^ 1 ^^-/ SPAGHETTI TAG ••^^ NYLON STREAMER o o ■y SONIC TAG JAW RING FIGURE 1. --Types of tags that the Bureau of Commercial Fisheries Biological Laboratory, Beaufort, N.C., used to mark American shad and striped bass, 1950-65. Table 1. — Number and type of tags and marks applied oa American shad, Alosa sapidisslma (Wilson), and striped bass, Roccus saxatilie (Walbaum), in the different states by the Bureau of Commercial Fisheries Biological Laboratory, Beaufort, N. C. , and cooperative agencies, 1950-65 Tag type and species N. H. Mass. Conn. N. Y. N. J. Md. Va. N. C. S. C. Ga. FU. Total Petersen tag American shad Striped bass 42 606 2,867 572 3,581 1,905 424 9,995 9,120 2,082 754 374 1,113 128 235 1,832 22,999 12,631 Nylon streamer tag American shad Striped bass __ -- 419 __ -- 16,326 842 1,675 956 6,731 -- - -- 2,217 24,732 Spaghetti tag American shad Striped bass -- __ 40 __ ._ __ __ 1,448 _. 40 1,448 Jaw ring tag American shad Striped bass -- -- — -- -- 1,240 -- -- — — 1,240 Strap tag American shad Striped bass -- _. 211 768 __ __ __ __ '_'_ _. 979 Belly (internal) tag American shad Striped bass — -- ._ 42 737 __ -- __ -- 737 42 Sonic tag American shad Striped bass -- -_ __ -- — 70 -- -- — -- -- 70 Fin clip American shad Striped bass — -- 70,000 - -- -- - -- -- -- -- 70,000 Total American shad Total striped base 0 42 0 606 73,537 572 4.349 1,905 466 10,802 26,686 2,924 2,429 1,330 9,292 128 235 1,832 97,042 40,093 Table 2. — Description of the tags and marks used, and methods of applying them, on American shad, Alosa sapidisslma (Wilson), and striped bass, Roccus saxatlllB (Walbaum), by the Bureau of Coranercial Flsheriea Biological laboratory, Beaufort, N. C. , and cooperative agencies, 1950-65 Type of tag or mark Attachment Petersen tag Nylon streamer tag Spaghetti tag Jaw ring tag Strap tag Belly (internal) tag Sonic tag Pin- clip Through dorsum by a atalnless steel or nickel plo Through dorsum by a 7-inch carpet needle having a notched eye Through dorsum by a solid pointed hollow needle 7 inches long and 0.12 Inch in diameter Around mandible by special pliers Clanped on gill cover by special pliers Into body cavity through narrow incision in abdominal wall Through dorsum by plastic strap and stainless steel pin Right pelvic fin by small surgical scissors 1. Two 7/16-inch diameter red plastic discs 0.037 inch thick, with 0.03B-inch diameter hole. One disc was blank; the other bore an Identifying number on one side and an address and reward notice on the other, 2. A single plastic dlac (same as numbered disc for 1), or a plastic tag k inch wide and 5/8 inch long to which a loop of nylon net twine was tied. After insertion, the disc or tab was passed through the loop and tied by overhand knot, allowing tag to trail along caudal peduncle. 3. Single piece of white vinylite tubing 12 inches long, 0.0625-inch outside diameter. Identifying number, address, and reward notice were painted by hand on its surface with vinylite ink. After Insertion, the two ends were tied together in a figure-eight knot. U. A single plastic disc (same as numbered disc for 1 and 2), attached to either a 3/4- inch or 1-inch diameter stainless steel split ring. Size of fish determined ring diameter. 5. Noncorrosive metal strap, 2% inches long and 3/16 inch wide, with pointed end that clamped through small slot in other end of strap. Identifying number and address stamped on one side. 6. Single red plastic rectangular tag, 3/4 Inch long, 3/16 Inch wide, and 0.0375 inch thick. Identifying number and reward notice on one side and address on the other. 7. Two transparent plastic toroid tags were used: (1) wt. 16 grams (dry weight), life span of 4*5 days; and (2) wt. 20 grams (dry weight), life span of 12-13 days. Each emits 2-5 pulse per second signal at 158 kilocycles when activated. Monitors with tape recorders have 2,500-foot tracking range. 8. Fin clipped at separation of radial bones and dermal fin rays. Table 3. --Tagging and marking summary oE American shad, A 1 oaa sapidlssima (Wilson), and striped bass, Roccub saxatllis (Walbaum) , in the New England States by the Bureau of Commercial Fisheries Biological Laboratory, Beaufort, N. C. , and cooperative agencies, 1950-65 State Species Locality Month/year Collection gear Type of tag or mark Number of fish tagged Fork length range Age group Nature of the study New Hampshire American shad -- -- -- - None (Inches) (Years) -- Strloed bass *■ Great Bay May, July, & Aug./ 1964 Pound and trap nets Petersen tag 42 14.0-19.5 II-IV Migration and racial data" Massachusetts American shad " ~ — — None — ~ " Striped bass 1 Merrimac River May-July/1962-65 Pound and trap nets and hook and line Petersen tag 343 10.3-23.8 I-Vl Migration and racial data Parker River Hay-0ct./1961-63 do. do. 68 do. do. Do. Hum Island May- June/ 1962 do. do. 6 do. do. Do. do. Aug.-Oct./1961-64 do. do. 46 do. do. Do. Taunton River May/1955 do. do. 2 do. do. Do. Massachusetts Bay May-Aug. /1957-60 do. do. 35 do. do. Do. Cape Cod Bay May-Oct./1955-60 do. do. 75 do. do. Do. Buzzards Bay and tributaries May-Oct./1957&61 do. do. 31 do. do. Do. Coonectlcut American shad Connecticut River Apr. -June/ 1951 Pound and anchor gill nets Petersen tag Strap tag 1,271 211 13.3-22.1 III-X Population estimate and fishing rate^ do. Oct./1952 Haul seine Right pelvic fin clip 70,000 2.8-5.2 0 4 Validity of scale annul! do. May- June/1956 Hoi yoke fish lift trap Petersen tag 1,060 13.5-19.6 III-X Success of downstream movement past dams and homing tendency^ do. Apr./1957 Pound net Nylon streamer tag Petersen tag 382 493 14.0-21.8 do. Population estimate and fishing rate do. Apr. -May/ 1958 Drift gill net Nylon streamer tag Petersen tag Spaghetti tag 37 43 40 13.2-22.0 do. Tag selectivity Striped bassS Thames River Apr. -May/1956 Gill and pound nets Petersen tag 92 10. 0-24.0 I-VI Migration and racial data do. Oct.-Dec./1956-57 do. do. 163 do. do. Do. Connecticut River June-Sept. /1957-58 do. do. 106 do. do. Do. Long Island Sound June/1957 do. do. 1 do. do. Do. Poquonack Cove Apr. -May/1956 do. do. 84 do. do. Do. Nlantic Bay Mar. -June/1957 do. do. 93 do. do. Do. Greenwlck Cove Apr./1957 do. do. 33 do. do. Do. Cooperative study with Massachusetts Division of Marine Fisheries. Unpublished: Preliminary findings indicated that most recaptured fish were taken in Massachusetts waters during summer and early autumn and then there appeared to be a southward coastal movement. Most of the recaptures south of the Massachusetts coast were made in Delaware and Chesapeake Bays. Fredin (1954). This paper presents a method of analyzing catch, fishing rate, and tagging data which was used to estioate the size of the shad runs in the Connecticut River for each year 1935-51. Analyses indicated that more than 80 percent of the fluctuations in the size of these runs can be explained by changes in the size of the spawning escapement from the fishery. Judy (1961). This paper validates annuli and spawning marks as criteria for age determination of American shad. Unpublished: Unpublished; Unpublished Too few tags returned to make valid conclusions. Findings were almost identical to those obtained in the 1951 study by Fredin (1954). Tag returns were too few for valid conclusions. Cooperative study with the Connecticut State Board of Fisheries and Game. (*i (0 y^ T3 <4-( -a iJ Ps ■o y-i d u^ d CO T) C O CO O CO TS 3 to JJ c >» c >^ tft 0) o 1 > X o o o O o 6 O < M •u T3 1 1 13 T) T3 •a T3 T3 ■3 00 >; M M M M M M o X iJ CO en O in 00 C (U CO (M r-\ >J- (U 00 tu in CM CO OJ -r^ OJ > C CO c d d (0 d H « M a. 0) CO 4J 1-. OJ 4J en at 4J & CO 01 4J 0) CO M (U u £ iJ en M a; 4J «^ c ^ CO o -a ^ 4J 4J JJ ^ C -H CD 01 •O 01 ^ U iJ (0 OO d d d d 3 U CD 1 (0 CO O o O O O 0 o o ^o vO t in (» CM 1 CM in p^ in )-l iri in in in in ^ •JD in in ^o (0 0^ CJX ON (^ a\ CT* ON ON en C3N > ^-. >^ >> 1 >^ >-. 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JJ Z cn CM 1— < Table 5. —Tagging summary of American shad, Aloaa Sflpidis8lina (Wilson), and striped bass, Roccus saxatilis (Walbaum), in the Chesapeake flay States by the Bureau of Commercial Fisheries Biological Laboratory, Beaufort, N. C. . and cooperative agencies, 1950-65 state Species Locality Month/year Collection gear Type of tag Number of fish tagged Fork length range Age group Nature of the study (Inches) dears) Maryland American shad Patuxent River Sept./1950 Haul seine Belly tag 737 2.8-5.0 0 Homing tendency Potomac River Apr. -May/1952 Pound net Petersen tag 321 12.5-20.0 III-VI Population estimate and fishing rate Chesapeake Bay do. do. do. 921 10.8-20.6 II -VI Population estimate and fishing rate* Susquehanna River do. do. do. 1,165 10.8-20.0 do. Feasibility of shad transport do. Apr. -June/1958-60 do. do. 6,938 11.5-20.8 do. Feasibility of fish paasag at Conowingo Dam do. Apr. -June/1964-65 Drift gill and pound nets and trap Petersen tag Sonic tag 650 70 10.5-21.2 do. Movement of transplanted fish in impoundments and upper river Striped bass* Upper Chesapeake Bay and Hanticoke and Choptank Rivers Oct. -July/1955-57 Pound net and haul seine Petersen tag Jaw ring tag 236 699 7.3-17.8 I-IV Migration and homing tendency^ do. Nov.-Mar./1959-61 Stake and drift gill nets, haul seine, and pound net Nylon streamer tag 104 5.8-46.6 I-XV Do. do. Apr.-Oct./1959-61 do. Petersen tag Nylon streamer tag Jaw ring tag 184 1,080 249 do. do. Do. do. Jan.-May/1964-65 Drift gill net and haul seine Petersen tag 2,184 12.0-44.0 II-XIV Do. Susquehanna River Oct./1958-59 Pound net do. 5,078 11.9-28.0 I-VI Spawning success and movement of fish released in Conowingo impoundment Chesapeake Bay and tributaries Jan.-Dec./1957-5e Stake and drift gill nets, haul seine, and pound net Petersen tag Nylon streamer tag Jaw ring tag 1,438 1,514 292 7.3-44.0 I-XIV . Suitability of tags'" and movement^' Maryland Striped biiss" Potomac River Jan.-Dec./1959-61 Pound and stake gill nets and trawl Nylon streamer tag 8,955 7.9-46.5 I-XIX Seasonal movement and population estimate'^ Chesapeake Bay Jan.-Mar./1962-63 Drift gill net do. 4,673 10.6-22.0 II-VI Movement and population estimatcl' ^Includes American shad and striped bass tagged and released in Pennsylvania waters of the Susquehanna River. ^Unpublished: Cooperative study with Chesapeake Biological Laboratory, Solomons, Md. The tag returns, though few in number, suggested that shad return to their native stream to spawn, but did not orove It conclusively. \alburg and Sykes (1957). In 1952 the estimated total catch of shad in the Potomac River was 853,066 pounds, the fishing rate 58 percent, and the population weighed 1,470,035 pounds. ^alburg (1955). This paper presents annual estimates of weight of the population, fishing rate, and spawning escapement of shad in the Maryland part of Chesapeake Bay for the years 194A to 1952. ^Jalburg (1954). This paper presents data on mortality of shad transported from Susquehanna Flats in Chesapeake Bay and released in impoundments la Susquehanna River, and observations on movements of tagged flah Sftiitney (1961). The author concluded that there was no Indication that shad and striped bass fisheries would benefit appreciably if passage for the species were provided at Conowingo Dam. ^Unpublished: Cooperative study with the Bureau of Sport Fisheries and Wildlife, Maryland Department of Research and Education, Pennsylvania Fish Coinnlasion, and New York Conservation Department. Analyses of tag returns and Interpretation of tracking tapes are incomplete. Study continued in 1966. Cooperative studies with the Maryland Department of Research and Education and the Maryland Department of Tidewater Fisheries. 9 Unpublished: Analyses of tag returns incomplete. ^^Lewis (1961). Petersen tags were returned selectively from gill nets In some size classes of striped bass as compared to nylon streamer and jaw ring tags. There was little difference in the suitability of jaw ring and streamer tags. The streamer tag was chosen only because It was easier to obtain than the Jaw ring tag. ^'^Mansueti (1961). Tagging results showed that the bulk of the tagged fish remained in the Maryland part of Chesapeake Bay. Three tagged fish were recaptured outside the bay on the Atlantic coast, and two were taken in the Virginia part of the bay. Exchange between bay and river populations of Maryland fish was not very great. Unpublished: Submitted for publication in Chesapeake Science. The paper presents information on the seasonal pattern of movement of striped bass tagged and released in the Potomac River. Data are presented also to show that stocks of fish from other Chesapeake Bay tributaries overwinter in the Potomac, and that fish from this river contribute materially to the stocks of striped bass occurring along the northeast Atlantic coast. Unpublished: Preliminary findings indicated the annual spawning population weighed about 2,650,000 pounds and the fishing rate was about 40 percent. Unpublished: Preliminary analysis of the tag returns indicated that the population of fish available to the winter gill net fishery weighed about 1,000,000 pounds and the fishing rate was about 16 percent. Tag returns also Indicated that there was considerable winter mcrvement by the fish In the bay. Table 5. — Continued State Species Locality Month/year Collection gear Type of tag Number of fish tagged Fork length range Age group Nature of the study (Inches) (Years) Virginia!^ American shad Jaraes River Apr. -June/1952 Pound net Petersen tag 374 10.9-19.1 do. Population estimate and spawning eacapement'^*' Chesapeake Bay do. do. do. 1,395 12.3-20.3 H-VII Population estimate and fishing rate^' York River Apr. -June/1959 do. Nylon streamer tag 842 13.2-19.0 III-VII Population estimate and fishing rate^° Hattaponi and Pamunkey Rivers do. Drift gill Petersen tag 313 do. do. 19 Homing tendency Striped James River Har./1957 Stake gill Petersen tag 214 7.8-22.6 I-V Seasonal movement and tag bass net and haul seine Nylon streamer tag 207 selectivitylO Rappahannock Apr./1957 do. Petersen tag 340 7.5-34.5 I-XIV Do. River Nylon streamer tag 297 York River Feb.-Mar./I957-58 Stake gill net, haul seine, and otter trawl Petersen tag Nylon streamer tag 200 1,171 7.5-34.8 do. Do. Cooperative studies with the Virginia Institute of Harine Science, Gloucester Point, Va. Ualburg and Sykes (1957). The study Indicated that in 1952 the commercial catch o£ shad In the James River was 993,963 pounds, the fishing rate 73 percent, and the size of run 1,363,149 pounds. Walburg and Sykes (1957), The authors concluded that there was a significant difference in Che tag-recovery-catch ratio, therefore, the tag return data could not be used to estimate the weight of the shad population and escapement. Nichols and Massmann (1963). The findings showed an estimated catch of 463,000 pounds of shad, a fishing rate of 55.2 percent, and a total population of 839,000 pounds in 1959. The fishing rate and population size for each year 1953 through 1958 were calculated. 19 Nichols (1960). The findings suggested that shad having spawned once In the York River would return to spawn again in the same river system. Massmann and Pacheco (1961). This paper shows that most fish recaptured in Call and winter were taken in the same river system In which they were tagged, while some of those recaptured in spring and summer moved considerable distances. The distribution of tag returns suggested that subpopulations of striped bass were present in the York, Rappahannock, and James Rivers. Table 6. — Tagging summary of American shad, ALosa sapid isslma (Wilson), and striped bass, Roccus by the Bureau of Commercial Fisheries Biological Laboratory, Beaufort, N. C. , and cooperative agencies, 1950-65 atills (Walbaum), in the South Atlantic States State Species Locality Month/year Collection gear Type of tag Number of flBh tagged Fork length range Age group Nature of the study (Inches) (Years) North Carolina American shad Lower Neuse River Jan.-Mflr./1953 Pound net Petersen tag 303 13.1-20.1 III-VI Population eatljaate and fishing rate Upper Neuse River Apr. -May/1953 Haul seine and fishway trap Petersen tag Nylon streamer tag 66 38 13.6-19.5 III-V Homing tendency Lower Neuse River Feb./1958 Pound net Petersen tag Nylon streamer tag 5 5 13.5-17.4 IlI-IV Fish passage by Goldaboro Dam^ Cape Fear River Har. -May/1964-65 Drift gill □et Nylon streamer tag 913 12.2-19.4 II-V Population estimate, escapement distributiOQ, and efficiency of locks for fish passage^ Striped bass^ Albemarle Sound 0ct.-Mar,/l955-57 Pound net, anchor gill net, and haul seine Petersen tag Nylon streamer Spaghetti tag "* 593 818 608 7.7-31.0 0-VIII 6 Tag suitability . popula- tion estimate , and migrations Walburg (1957). This paper gives the estimated coi pertinent life history information. lerclal catch (98,000 shad), fishing rate (65 percent), spawning escapement (151,000 fish), and Unpublished: Data inconclusive. 3 Unpublished: Recaptures too few for valid conclusions. 4 Unpublished; Preliminary results indicated that the population size was 259,200 shad, the comnercial catch 69,250 fish, and the fishing rate 27 percent. The spawning escapement was 109,410 shad to the North East Cape Fear River, 4,560 to the Black River, and 75,980 to the Cape Fear River above the Junction of the Black. No conclusions could be made about the efficiency of locks for fish possage because of the small number of tagged fish recovered. Cooperative studies with William W. Hassler of North Carolina State University at Raleigh. Davis (1959). This paper concluded that the streamer type tag was the most satisfactory of the tags tested. Unpublished: Preliminary findings Indicated that about 1,544,200 and 1,488,600 pounds of striped bass were available to the commercial fisheries in Albemarle Sound at the start of the 1956-57 and 1957-58 seasons, respectively. The fishing rate was about 35 percent. 8 Unpublished: A total of 1,632, or 31.1 percent, of the striped bass tagged and released were recaptured. The bulk of the recaptured fish remained Id North Carolina waters. Seven tagged fish were recaptured outside North Carolina waters; 1 off the North Carolina coast, 5 in Chesapeake Bay and tributaries, and 1 in Cape Cod Bay, Mass. Table 6. — Continued State Species Locality Monch/year Collection seer Type of tag Number of fish tagged Fork length range Age group Nature of the study nn<;hfa) 'V—rsl Croatan Sound Oct;.-Mar./1955-57 Pound and anchor gill nets Petersen tag Nylon streamer tag Spaghetti tag 347 530 23 8.2-24.3 1-V Do. Chouan River NOV./1955 do. Petersen tag 5 10.5-16.7 II-III Do. do. Oct./1956-57 do. Nylon streamer tag Spaghetti tag 79 6 9.1-16.5 I-III Do. Perquimans River Oct.-Dec./1956 Anchor gill net Nylon streamer tag Spaghetti tag 296 298 8.5-21.2 I-V Do. Alligator River Dec./1956 Haul seine Nylon streamer tag 32 12.1-20.7 II-V Do. Pasquotank River Ocl;./1957 Anchor gill net do. 125 9.5-20.2 I-IV Do. Little River Jan.-Mar./1957 Haul seine do. 619 8.6-27.6 H-VIII Do. N. C. Coast Dec./1956 do. Petersen tag 168 21.5-48.8 IV-XVIII Migration' Roanoke River Mar.-June/1956-65 Anchor gill, drift gill, bow, and hoop nets, haul seine and trot line Nylon streamer tag Spaghetti tag 4,232 513 11.4-29.5 II-DS Population estimate , migration^, and homing tendencyll South Carolina American shad Edisto River Feb.-Mar./1955 Drift and anchor gill nets Petersen tag 128 18.8-20.3 III-VI Population estimate and fishing rate^^ Striped bass -- - -- ~ None ~ — ~ Georgia American shad Ogeechee River Feb.-Mar. /1954 Drift gill net Petersen tag 235 14.8-20.8 IIl-VI Population estimate and fishing rate^^ Striped bass — - -- -- None - -- - Florida American shad St. Johns River Dec.-Mar./1952-53 Haul seine and drift and stake gill nets Petersen tag 882 9.9-19.0 II-VI Population estimate and spawning escapement^^ do. Nov.-Hai:./1957-58 Haul seine do. 950 13.0-19.0 IlI-VI Fidiing rate and size of run^-" Striped bass ~ -- " — None — — " Chapoton and Sykes (1961). This paper suggests that large striped bass from 6 to 75 pounds make extensive coastal migrations. Tagged fish were recaptured in the commercial fisheries of North Carolina and Chesapeake Bay prior to or during the spawning season and by sport fisheries along the coast north of Chesapeake Bay. Unpublished: Preliminary findings indicated that the average annual striped bass spawning population entering the Roanoke River was about 267,250 fish and the fishing rate was about 13 percent. Unpublished: Preliminary findings indicated that spawning striped bass returned to the same spawning area each year. Walburg (1956). The findings showed that the estimated number of shad entering the Edisto River was 56,000 fish and the commercial fishing rate was approximately 20 percent. Sykes (1956). This paper indicated that the commercial catch of shad in the Ogeechee River was 20,096 fish, the total population was 35,508 fish, and the combined fishing rate by commercial and sport fisheries was 66 percent. 14 Unpublished; Results were inconclusive and therefore not used for population estimate. "walburg (1960), This paper presents a method of determining the size and spawning escapement of the shad population of the St. Johns River and population parameters are given for each year 1953 to 1958. LITERATURE CITED CHAPOTON, Robert B., and James E. SYKES. 1961. Atlantic coast migration of large striped bass as evidenced by fisheries and tagging. Trans. Amer. Fish, Soc, 90(1): 13-20. DAVIS, William S. 1959. Field tests of Petersen, streamer, and spaghetti tags on striped bass, Roccus saxatilis (Walbaum). Trans. Amer. Fish. Soc. 884: 319-329. FREDIN, Reynold A. 1954. Causes of fluctuations in abundance of Connecticut River shad. Fish Wildl. Serv., Fish. Bull. 54: 247-259. JUDY, Mayo H. 1961. Validity of age determination from scales of marked American shad. U.S. Fish Wildl. Serv., Fish. Bull. 61: 161- 170. LEWIS, Robert Minturn 1961. Comparison of three tags on striped bass in the Chesapeake Bay area. Chesapeake Sci. 2(1-2): 3-8. MANSUETl, Romeo J. 1961. Age, growth, and movements of the striped bass, Roccus saxatilis, taken in size selective fishing gear in Mary- land. Chesapeake Sci. 2(1-2): 9-36. MASSMANN, William H., and Anthony L. PACHECO. 1961. Movements of striped bass tagged in Virginia waters of Chesapeake Bay. Chesapeake Sci. 2(1-2): 37-44. NICHOLS, Paul R. 1958. Effect of New Jersey-New York pound-net catches on shad runs of Hudson and Connecticut Rivers. U.S. Fish Wildl. Serv., Fish. Bull. 58: 491- 500. NICHOLS, Paul R. 1960. Homiing tendency of American shad, Alosa sapidissinna, in the York River, Virginia. Chesapeake Sci. 1(3-4): 200- 201. NICHOLS, PaulR., and William H. MASSMANN. 1963. Abundance, age, and fecundity of shad, York River, Va., 1953-59. U.S. Fish Wildl. Serv., Fish. Bull. 63: 179-187. SYKES, James E. 1956. Shad fishery of the Ogeechee River, Georgia, in 1954. U.S. Fish Wildl. Serv., Spec. Sci. Rep., Fish. 191, V + 11 p. TALBOT, Gerald B. 1954. Factors associated with fluctuations in abundance of Hudson River shad. Fish. Wildl. Serv., Fish. Bull. 56: 373- 413. WALBURG, Charles H. 1954. Experimental transportation of live shad past Susquehanna River dams. U.S. Fish Wildl. Serv., Spec. Sci. Rep., Fish. 114, ii + 13 p. WALBURG, Charles H. 1955. Relative abundance of Maryland shad 1944-52. U.S. Fish Wildl. Serv., Res. Rep. 38, ii + 17 p. WALBURG, Charles H. 1956. Commercial and sport shad fisheries of the Edisto River, South Carolina, 1955. U.S. Fish Wildl. Serv., Spec. Sci. Rep., Fish. 187, iv + 9 p. WALBURG, Charles H. 1957. Neuse River shad investigations, 1953. U.S. Fish Wildl. Serv., Spec. Sci. Rep., Fish. 206, iv + 13 p. WALBURG, Charles H. 1960. Abundance and life history of shad, St. Johns River, Florida. U.S. Fish Wildl. Serv., Fish. Bull. 60: 487-501. WALBURG, Charles H., and James E. SYKES. 1957. Shad fishery of Chesapeake Bay with special emphasis on the fishery of Vir- ginia. U.S. Fish Wildl. Serv., Res. Rep. 48, iv + 26 p. WHITNEY, Richard R. 1961. The Susquehanna fishery study 1957- 60. Md. Dep. Res. Educ, Solomons. Contrib. 169, 81 p. MS. 1557 GPO 911- 1 17 MBL WHOI Library - Serials Created in 1849, the Department of the Interior — a depart- ment of conservation — is concerned with the management, conservation, and development of the Nation's water, fish, wildlife, mineral, forest, and park and recreational re- sources. It also has major responsibilities for Indian and Territorial affairs. 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