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SEASONAL VARIATIONS in TOXICITY of BUTTER CLAMS from SELECTED ALASKA BEACHES

I Marine Biological L-;- •■ ,:i

LIBRARY

OCT 2 31950

WOODS HOLE, MASS.

SPECIAL SCIENTIFIC REPORT: FISHERIES No. 53

UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR FISH AND WILDLIFE SERVICE

Ibcplanatory Kot©

The serias embodies results of inTestigatioiiB, xiraally of

restrictad seeps, iateaded to aid or dire^st management or ■a.tilisatioa. practicss and as guides for almiaistrative cr IsgislatiYe action.. It is issued in limited qTsantities for the offic'la3. use of Jsdjeral, State or cooperating agencies and in processed form for eeoaomy and to avoid delaj in pablication..

United St-ates Department of the Intarior

Oscar Ip Ciiapman, Secretary

Fisli and Wildlife Serwice

Albert M. Day, Directed

Special Scientific. Sepcr*. =■ Pisheries No. 53

SEASOUAL YAEIATIONS IN TOXICITY OF BUTTER CLAMS PSOM SELBGTED ALASKA BEACHES

By J&im S. Chasnibers a^d Harris W, Magnassoa

* Chemist, Branch of Commercial Fisheries

** Chemist, Branch of Commercial Fisheries, formerly Fishery- Products Laboratory , Ketchikan, Alaska, now Fishery Technological Laboratory, Boston, Massachusetts

Washingtoa, D. C, August 1950

Introduction

The iRV3S3tigai;ion of paralytic sbsllfish poison in the clams of Sou'Hheastera Alaska condacted hy the Jish&rj Products LahoratoTy, Zet'Shikan,!,' was diTidsd into threa main projects. The one with which this t^por'!-. is con^tseraed '.b the geographical and seasonal distrihution of th(9 taxltL in Vattes' clams, Saridonriis giganta'^is. The other two projects, the study of toxin reduction "by processing methods and the study of sampling aaid testing methods, are to he reported in separate papers. Batter clams aae the most important ■scmmercial cleun resource in Southeastern Alaska, IHherafcre, the swdies were devoted almost entirely to this species.

InTestigations of an exploratory Qatu:re performed from 19*46 to 19^8 established the presence of toxin in hutter clams from many of the Southeastern Ala^ska clam prod-^cing "beaches during all seasons,

ProiE May 19^ to September 19^, inclusive, a systematic monthly saTiPDling of representatiTe areas on certain eommercially exploitable clam- produsing beaches was carried out. The purposes of the survey were to determine the monthly fluct'iations in the toxicity of the clams from the different areas and the variation in tcxicity between the siphon and the body. InformatioiS. on ^-hese factors is essential for intelligent regu- r.ation of this fishery and enables the processor to eliminate a major so-oree of tox5.3. fr:*!!! the canned product.

Collection of Glam Samples

^e laboratory motor vessel Be searcher, usually operated by a cr?w of three men, was tised in collecting the clam samples. Shucking of the clams and preparation of the extracts were performed aboard the boat,

A wi.de knowledge of the elam beds in Southeastern Alaska, gained froas the earlier gensral survey work, made it possible to select 10 s-epresentativs .^iam beaches on which were laid out 22 plots. Nine of the ■jeaches were knows t-5 produce clams of fairlj!" high toxicity; whereas, the A-emalni-xig gzl? yielded ciams of low toxicity. Preliminary tox5.city tests o^a man^' individaal clams from a single plot showed that there was con- siderable ?a,riatiers. in toxicity between clams. Tb.ese tests further showed that resul'.ts si^ificant wit'hia plus or minus 30 percent could be obtained from a sajiiple of 25 clams. Therefore, the plots were made large enou^ to supply at least 18 samples of 25 clams each. To provide a thoroughly repre- ssiatati?© sample, not oT<^r 3 clams were taken from each hole dog, and the holes were distributed well over the entire plot. All the study plots were iatmdatsd at hi^. '^ater and comrpletely exposed only at a minus tide. The c'sllections were made, weathjer permitting, during one of the minus tide periods each month.

1/ Jointly operated by vhe Alaska fisheries Experimental Commiasion and

the U. S. Pish and Wildlife Service.

Ezt-racting and Testing Procgdure

lEie clama were opened with a siiacking knife while they were still alive „ The shucked olaras were washed in fresh water to remove all foreign par'iicles from the tissues, and then drair;.ed. The entire siphon (neck) was severed from the Isody, and the siphons and bodies were treated separately. These were minced using a hand operated mea's chopper. The ground material was mixed ihoroughly, and to 100 grams of the minced material was added 100 milliliters of 0„I2 N hydrochloric acid (l part concentrated hydrochloric acid to 99 parts distilled water). This mixture was boiled for 5 minutes while baing stirred continuously. After cooling, the mixture was brought to its original volume by the addition of distilled water. A portion of the final mixture was bottled and stored in the ice box of the vessel until the boat returned to Zetchikan, At the laboratory the pH of the extract was determined with a pH meter, and, when necessary, it was adjusted to a range of pH 4.0 to 4.5 by adding 5 N hydroch].oric acid or 0.1 H sodium hydroxide. The extract was centrifuged, and the supernatant liquid was placed in vials and stored at 0° to 3^ 0, until tests were performed.

The extracts were tested on white mice which weighed between 15 aaid 25 grams. The mice, obtained from a supplier in California, were a mixture of two strains. Thsy were shipped air espress and arrived at the laboratory in good eonditioao

The extracts were injected intraperitoneally by means of a two milliliter insulin syringe. The smallest practicable needle (27 gauge) was used to redu'je leakage from the puncture. The voliane of extract injected into each ro.ouse was varied according to the wei^t of the mouse, One^twentieth of a milliliter of the extract - or diluted extract - for each gram of live weight was used» This procedure was found to be more satis- factoiy than the injection of a standard amount of extract and the ajjplication of a correction factor based on the weight of the mouse.

The lethal time was computed, in seconds, from the time that one- half of the volume of extract had been injected until the mouse took its final normal, rhythmic breath. This time of death, in almost every case, was accoarpanied by a complete relaxation of the body, followed by a series of reflex motions varying in intensity and duration. When necessary, with the highly toxic materials, the extracts were diluted so that the lethal time exceeded four minutes.

A table based on the toxicity curve of Sommer and Meyer (1937) was used to convert the lethal time to toxicity of the injected solution. The tonicity of the liaw material, expressed as mouse units per 100 grams of raw materia],, was calcolated by applying the appropriate dilution factors, A morise unit (MU) has been defined as that amount of injected shellfish poison that kills a 20 gram mouse in 15 minutes (Sommer, et al., 1948), Since Sommer and Meyer (1937) constructed their cui've from data obtained from mussels, a 3im3.1ar cur^e Tas developed from data obtained using butter clam extracts. A conrparison of the two carves demonstrated that the data

reported for masael extracts cauld te used satisfactorily la the clam toxicity assay.

At leasi threa mice were aaed to assay each extract. Bxtensive test8» had prowA iha.t reaultiB based on the use of three mice gav© an accuracy of better ihaTj. plas er minus iiZ percent. Errors due to variatioas in the mice, techxdqo© of iajection, and determination of death-times were reduced hy rejection of IndiTfldiiml assay results differing from the average by more than one- third.

Loeatioa of KLots

The locations of the teaches and the distribution of the plots were based on extensive knowledge of the clam beds in Southeastern Alaska, acquired from the general surrey. Sfine beaches which past experience had shown would yield highly toxic clamSp at least during some periods of the year, and one beach which had yielded essentially non-toxic clams, wer® selected. These beaches were distributed over as wide an area as it was practical to v3.sit fraqusntly with the laboratory's motor vessel.

It is to be noted that none of the beaches chosen was from so- called outside waters, sine® preTicus investigation had shown that clams from those areas were relatively aon-toxie. However, all the beaches studied were on fairly wide channels which communicate directly with the ocean. !Ehe plots wer© on ^.laro I'eds near the mouths of bays or passages which wer© readily affectisd by the iinirrents in the large channels. None of the plots was located near the head of a bay or inlet, fhroughout the entire clam research program it was found that clams decreased in toxicity as the sampling continf^d toward the head of the bays.

From one to three plots were laid out in each of the ten areas selected for study. The plois war® outlined by four iron stakes bearing metal tags stamped with the alphabetic designation of the plot. The 22 plots wer© lettered, A throtigh T, beginning with a beach near Ketchikaa and ending with a location in Frederick Sound. Locations, descriptions and characteristics of th© st-ady plots are detailed in Table 1,

The ■onfavora'tel© weather during the winter months and the considerable distance of some of the beaches from Ketchikan made it impossible to ob'sain a coarplete sequence of data from each plot. This wais especially tsTi© in regard to the more northerly plots in Chatham Strait, Fort-gnately, it was possible to obtain fairly complete data from plots near Ketchikan,

Plot 0 was ©mitted after October because the float at Fanshaw, which was the oa3.y safe anchorage in foul weather, was destroyed by a storm.

E/Unpublished data of report in preparation.

Table i. - "psNTir '.cavjon A^e: D£s::Rip~iCN of ~h£ stuov plo's

Terrain SlopeI/ Area 2/

Plot

locatjcn

Ham 'sland S° II' 541^ N I3r 23' lO* V»

Sre

WtS" SIDE OF THE NOR'.'HERN TIP OF H.AM GRAVEL

■ SLAND „ (ttCNfi THE NARRCW PASSAGE CON- SAND

NE<r~!NG' CSBCAOE :i^E" WITrt R£V|L:^dlGEDO SHELL

Channel .

Yards Sharp »0x3

Ham Island 55° n' 45" N 131° 23' 11" W

SOUnflOEST OF PLO" Aj IMMET ;A-e_r NORTH GRAVEL

0|- A PCIN' rORMING THE HAM ISLAND SIDE SAM3

OF THE NARROWEST PART OF THE PASSAGE. SHELL

Sharp jex4

ANNETTE Island 55° II' 4T N I3|0 23' 2Cy W

A::RCSS ^'HE PASSAGE, NORTHWEST 0^ PLOT B, MS" WES~ OF ^'fC ROCKY PO«NT FORMINQ THE AnNE^'I ':S_AN0 SjDE OF "HE NARROWEST POIlvr «N "H~ PASSAGE,

Gravel

SHELL

Gentle i ix7

Dall Bav On a s.ngle reef, awash at high "ide, in

55° 09' OE" N Dal_ BaVj Gravina 's^-ANO, westward of the

I3l° 43' 55" W NORTH END OF THE LARGE a.AND X" DALL

Bay, Plot was on the sumvi" o:~ a wash

LYiNG N0RT;SEAST 8V SOUTHWEST ON EASTERN EN3 OF THE REEF.

Gravel

Sand

Shell

Moderate iOx5

E	Dall Bay ^0 ogt ufcT N I3l° 43' b/"* W	OAVEST SIDE OF SAME REEF AS PLOT Do	SAND Shell Boulders	Gentle	8x8
F	Carlton Island ^° 54' S" N 132° 22' 00* W	On a CONSPICUOUS whce beach, on north- easy SIDE OF TOE ISJ.ANO,	Gravel Shell	Sharp	M)6
G	Carlton Island 55° 54' 50» N 132° 21' 50" W	Midway between PuO" F apc southeastern point of the islando	Sand Shell Boulders	Moderate	I8xi0
H	Carlton Island 55r 54' 30» N 132 22' 00» W	On a FLATs EXPOSED AT MPNL'S -;CE, BE- TWEEN Carlton and Onslcw Sri.ands, ano JoST NORrHEAST OF "HE HIGHEST' POINT ON THE RIDGE OF ROCKS R;SING FROM THE FLAT.	Gravel Sand SHR.L Boulders	NEAR:>.Y LEVEL	I5xi4
1	WRANGELL Narrows 56° 49' 20^ N 132° 56' 4a« W	On MiThOF SSLAInC, -AS" INSIDE NORTHERN ENTRANCE TO THE NARROWS^ DIRECTi-Y EAST OF Flashing Red Buov No, 42.	Gravel Mud Boulders	Sharp	15x5
J	San Juan Island 57° 17' 35» N 1340 00' bU* W	At eimtrance to Pybus Bav, 0.8 mile SOUTHWES-WARO OF PoiNT PYBUS, ADMIRALTY iSt-AND. AT MINUS TiDE THE VWO ISLANDS ARE CON^ECT£C BY A GRAVEL BAR A" THEIR WESTERN ENDS. PLO" _IES BETWEEN ROCICV OtrCROPPINGS, FORMING A POCKS'", AT SOUTHWEST END OF NORTHERN ISLAND, ON TnE EAST OR FREDERICK SOUfC SIDE OF THE GRAVEL BAR.	Gravel Sand Shell B0Ua)ERS Over BEDROCK	Moderate	10x5
K	San Juan Island 57° i7' 35" N f34° 00' 55* W	U'tMM' OiM EAST SIDE OF GRAVEL BAR, IMMEO'.ATELY SOUTH OF A WELL-DEFINED SANDY AREA,	Gravel Sand Shell bouuders	GENTuE	22x6
L	San Juan island 57" 17' 37" N 134° 01' 10^ W	On WEST OR UP-BAY SIDE OF QrAvE. BAR, NEAR WES^ END OF SOUTH IS_AND IN A POCKE" FORMED BY THE GRAVEL BtH ANO A SMAl^ SEEF.	Gravel Sand Boulders Over bedrock	Gentle	12X5

Pt2L.

TABLE I. - ! PEWIT JFICAT! ON WD DF.Si;RiPr|ON CF "WE SrCfJCV PLOTS ( CONTINUED)

LOCAT ! ON

Sme

TERRaTn S^0P£.I,/ AreST*

RoBERvs Island 57" |8' 06" N isa** 27* 5(y W

On LAWJEsr OF Roberts .slancs which form the GRAvtit.

souw poitr AT Ti-e entrance to Port Houghton, Sand

WHICH MAK?:S OF- "ROM STEPHENS PASSAGE, PLOT SHELL

WAS ON *ES" OR Stephen? ['Assage side of a Small sp«T coN^ecTl^a eastern end of thjs island to rocks

A WOOOED islet JMMEOlATELy TO THE SOUTH,

GENTLE

YAR03 |QX8

ROBER-rS I3LAM3

57^ tS' 00" N 133° 27 « 3G" W

Tanshaw 57" l3» 00" h 133^ 30« lO" W

On east or up-ba* FROM Blot m.

S DG C"^ ""HE SPIT ACROSS

On mainlan;; a~ sou-t-WERN em? of Cleveland Passage p vshkh lies between MAiNL.ANt) and

WH ! rUSf i SL AMD „ PLOT WAS APPROX I MATELY lOOO YARDS i\!i-:^''1-W£S" 0." FANSHAW POS"' 0FT!:E. Was DISC0NTI(>iUE& AFTER OCTOBER BECdJLSE OF WSAFE -ANCHORAGE If^ FOX WHATWEP,

Gravel Saw

Shell

Gentle

12x7

Gravel

Mud

Boulders

Gentle

20x7

CHAJK BA';'

57'^ 13" SS'* N 134® 33' 40" W

LEDGE 0,5 MSLE FROW NOP".'>< SHORE OF GRAVEL

,ASE Poiiv; ;, Admiralt!' Saw

SLA^Ei, PLOT WAS OM SOt^HEASTT OR LP=BA^' SHELL SIDE OF THE LEDGEo

On a baR(

Chaik Bay, snsioe Vi

Plot

Moderate

13x5

Chaik Ba?

134'^ 33' 50" W

Hoco Bav" ^■0 2g« 35^ M

134° 32» 55" W

On Cha-^am S^'rait sine of ledge across from Plot P» betweei*. rockv owreRoppiNGSo

Gravel

Sand

Boulders

On east side of T^e southern end a^ Sa;^' Gravel

5SLANO5 which' is a SMAuX. I slaw QfT' the east SA(\!D

shore of Hood Bav, Admiralt'v Island, and Shell

^ol"'.' i„5 mules southeasir o'f kllliswoo bouloers )3la)«„ plot was on east end of a y=3hapec

ii/AShu

Gentle

l7xi{

GENTLE

9X7

s	Hooo Bay 57=^ 26' 134^^ 33«	35" N tO" W	On WES" EM) OR Cha'tham Strait s'oe of the '^'- SHAPED WASH 5 ON S^XT^€RM END Ot^ SANO 1 SLAP® 5 ACROSS ?^ROM Plot R„	SANTj Shell	Gentle	13x6
T	Hooo Bax' 57*^ 26' ,340 329	25» H 55" W	On ENC in- SOtiTK ARM OF THE Y-SHaPED WASH., BETWEEN Plots R and S on southern po\nt of Sand l3LA^f>,	Gravel Sand Shell	Gentle	8x8
U	SECURITY	Bay	On reef, awash at high tjde. ojs" west of	MUD	Gentle	5xiO

56" 50' 4S»' N 134*- 20' lO" W

SHAL^OWBIGhT ON VCST SIDE OF C;.Err ISLAI®, SHELL

liM Security Bay, ku:'.i sLA^c. Plot was on Over east end of a depression bisecting t!-c reef, bedrock Has an c-OuR of wdrogen suvpkide.

Security Bav 56* 51' oOf" N 134° 2J' CS" W

On the east s jde near the southern end of Harbor fsLANo, which is norhtwest of Cleft

Island, in SEcuRir? Bay,

GRAVEL

Banc Boulders

GENTLE

8x6

Sharp Slope i Moderate Slcpe; Gentle Slope %

fi. drop of II FOCI IN lO FEET, A DROP OF i FOOT IN 25 FEET, A drop of I FOOT l^^ 4C' FEET.

gf Area; first figure is distance parallel to water's eosEo

Digcru-ssion of Egperimeatal Besults

The res-alts of the monthly toxicity tests for each plot are presented in Tahle 2, The data represent the "ioiicity in mouse xmits per 100 grams of siphons or hodies. The graphic interpretation of this information is shown in Figures 1 to 9. The toxicities of "bodies ajid siphons from the same sample have been placed in the same figure. Toxicity cTorres from plots in the same locality have "been combined in one figure.

The plots studied were typical of the clam beds in Southeastern Alaska in terrain and clam population. However, as was mentioned previously, nine of the plots were located on beaches of known high toxicity in order to provide clams containing determinable quantities of toxin •!;hroughout the year. This was done so that any fluct'jations in toxicity could be determined from mo::ith to month.

The reactions of the mice which died when injected with the extracts of clam materials (either bodies or siphons) were identical to the reactions described for deaths due to the injection of mussel poison. Two investigators who had worked extensively with mussel poison confirmed this observation. In post-mortem examinations immediately after death, the chambers of the heart were noted to beat rhythmically; this so-called heart block is a characteristic of mussel poisoning.

The seasonal toxicity characteristics of butter clams are very definitely different from those of mussels, Rytilus calif omi anus , and Washington clams, Saxidomus nuttallii. of California (Sommer and Meyer 1937) and of mussels, Rytilus edulis„ and soft shell clams, Mva arenaria„ of New Brunswick (Medcof, et al,, 19^7). Studies of the California and New Brunswick species indicate that there are short periods in the summer months when they become highly toxic. The toxicity increases rapidly and then diminishes rapidly within a few weeks. During the winter months these species are normally relatively free of ^oxln. In the present survey, except for Plot I, which had relatively non-toxic clams throughout the year, the butter clams from all the beaches showed some degree of toxicity at every saurpling.

Prom a study of dino flagellates in these waters made dij.ring the sunmier of 19^9, the report of which has not yet been published,-*^ it is known that dinoflagellates of the genus (jop3^u1£lx. a member of which is the causative organism of mussel poison, do abound in the waters along the Alaskan beaches studied.

The toxicity of the siphons was regularly much greater than that of the bodies. However, the ratio of toxicities of siphons to bodies is not constant. The toxicity of the siphons varies greatly from month to month, while the toxicity of the bodies does not display a similar degree of change. The ratio of the weight of siphons to bodies depends upon the care with which the siphons are removed. The data from three laboratory

2J A study of diaoflagellates in the waters of Southeastern Alaska

carried out by Lucile Foster of the George Williams Hooper Foundation In cooperation with the Fieheiy Products Laboratory,

experiments using 25 clams eacla show that the siphons were Ik, J to l6,4 percent of the total clam meats, Vhe eijhons were cut from the bodl©« after the manner of commercial ahucking, ia which appioximately j/h of the siphon is remoTed. In two additional experiments usiag 25 clams each, the entire siphons were pulled from the bodies. Separated in this manner, the siphons constituted 18.5 to 19.9 percent of the total clsun meats. In. a semi-commercial operation in which 290 bushels of clams were shucked raw hy a rega].ar shucking crew, who were instructed to cut off all the siphoa carefully, the siphons were 18.5 percent of the total clam meats. The £?paration of the siphons in the present- survey followed the latter method,

The resu3.ts of the sur&'ey do not show uniformity in the fluctu- ation of toxicities of the clams. Brsn those from plots in the same locality do not always display the sasne vrend.

There is no eTident correlation between the degree of toxicity and the terrain of the "beach, the magaife^■^.de of the tides, tenrperat'ire of the water, or amount of daylight. However, the data do suggest a recurring fluctuation in the toxicity during the year.

Goaclugjoas

A l6 month survey of representative clam beds in Southeastern Alaska verifies the earlier findings that a toxin or toxins, which cause reactions in mice similar to those produced by toxin frequently present in mussels (paralytic shellfish poison), is present In the butter clams of Southeastern ^aska frosa certain areas during every month,

The toxicity of the siphons is usually several times greater than that of the bodies.

The toxicity of the bodies does not vary greatly from month to month, while the toxicity of the siphons shows marked fluctuations.

Literature Cited

MEDCOr, J. C; LEIM, A. H, ; NEEULEE, AXPEEM B.; HEBULEH, A. W. H,; GIBBAED, J,; and KAUBERT, J.

1947. Paralytic shellfish poisoning on the Canadian Atlantic coast. Ball. Fish, Ees. Bd. Can., 21. PP. ^H, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada.

SOMMER, H. , and MBIEER, K, F,

1937. Paralytic shellfish poisoning. Arch. Path., 24, pp. 560-598,

Saja Francisco, California.

SOMMER, HEEMAM; HOMIER, ROBERT P.; BIEGEL, BTBON; STAEGER, D. WAEEBIT; MOLD, JAMBS D. ; WIZHOLM, DOMLD M.; and ZIEALIS, ELIZABETH SHAME SY.

19^. Paralytic shellfish poison. I. occurrence and concentration by ion exchange, Joor, Amer, Chem, Soc, 22.* PP» 1015-1018.

Table 2, - monthly toxicity survet cf bltter clam samples from plots on selected sou^heasterm a_aska btaocs

PLOT

rjo.

LOCATION

TOXICiTY,

May" (946

IN MOLSE UNr,-S PER iCO GRAMS_ OF_MeAT_

July

19^

At.Gi« 1948

Sept. i948

Bodies Sjphcns Boo.es Sjdhck's Boc.es Siphons Bogies Siphons

A

B C D E F G H 1

J K L M N 0 P

R S

T U V

Ham tsLAi>o Ham Island Annette Island Dall Bay Oa».l Bay' Carlton Islatc Carlton island Carlton Island Petersburg P-/BUS Bay PvBus Bay Pybus Bay Roberts Island Roberts Island Fanshaw Chaik Bay Chaik Bay Hood Bay Hood Bay Hood Bay Security Bay Security Bay

1,200 1,500 2,700 2,400 1,700 1,300 1,200 1,200 200 1,900 1,300 540 2lO 3,500 2,700

4,600 2,900 4,900 3,200 2,900 Lost

2,;ioo

2,000 !80 6,200 6,700 2.600 2,100 6,300 7,900

2,400 1,400

i„aoo

2,100

3,200

800

950

660

NEG.

1,100

1,300

620

1. 800

2,600

1,900

760

350

l„lC0

530

370

23,000 13,000 24„000

17,000

13,000

6,400

3.100

2,900

220

9,200

14,000

14,000

17,000

4,700

5,4(X)

13,000

11,000

16,000

6,700

5,000

3,800

790

1,600

2,600

1,600

•,|00

460

830

930

1,400

1,100

900

2,300

1,400

1,800

520

440

630

470

580

620

28,000

18,000

25,000

14,000

11,000

3,600

3,600

4,100

230

21,000

14,000

14,000

17,000

5,700

10,000

22,000

K,000

9,100

7,400

7,000

5,600

9,100

1,300

1,000

630

MEG,

960

1,300

1,200

660

3,200

1,900

940

360

7lO

900

350

'360

5lO

6,200

3,700

3,500

2l0

)2,0C0

10,000

t5,0C0

(3,000

15,000

12,000

17,000

7,200

11,000

4,900

5,000

7,000

13.000

A B C D C "F 6 H I

J K L M N 0 P

Q

R S

T U V

	Table 2„ - monthly toxi	ICITY SURVEY OF BUTTER CLAM SAMPLES i	FROM PLOTS ON
		SELECTED Southeastern Alaska beaches -	Continued
	Location	BODIES	Toxic iTv„ 1948	.IN MOUSE UNITS PER lOO GS,	ftMS OF MEAT
Plot	NOV. 1948	DE. Bodies	:. 1948 Siphons	Jan, Bodies	1949 .
No.	S:phons	Bodies Siphons	S 1 PHONS

Ham island Ham Island AN^€TTE Island Dall Bay Dall Bay Carlton Island Carlton Island Carlton Islaio Petersburg Pybus Bay Pybus Bay f*«Bws Bay Roberts Island ftoBERTS Island Fanshaw Chaik Bay Chaik Bay Hooo Bay Hood Bay Hood Bay Security Bay Security Bay

2,500 1,600 2,000

1,100

1,000

780

Neg.

I„l00

2,000

1,300

1,700

3,900

1,600

760

400

1,100

590

860

I.JOO

1,000

5,100 5^700 4,900

6,500 4,300 Lost 220 (9,000 13,000 (7,000 18,000 16,000 13,000 14,000 5,900 9,500 7,900 8,300 13,000 13,000

l»700 3,600

670

970

8=0 NEG,

760

840

930 1,500 1,-00 Omitted

1,400

920

780

2,600

3,400

1,000

1,200

970

12,000 5,800 6,900 (9,000 (2,000 6,600

1,600 550 1,000 2,300 3,(00

4,(00

4,800

5,400 16,000

!,600

1,100

2,lC0

2lO = '- NEG, ((,000 ... (0,000 11,000 (8,000 ...

8,700 ...

FROM FURTHER SAMPLING AFTER OCTOBER

(9,000 11,000 (8,000 14,000 (2,000

2lO

8lO 400

3,000

6,200

		sel	ected South;	-.'STERN Alaska beaches	- CONTINLIED
	Locat ion		Toxicirf„	IN MOUSE UN	its per IOO grams Or	meat
Plot	Feb.	L949	MaRo 1949	Apr, I	1949	May	1949
No,	Bodies	Siphons	Bodies	Siphons	Bod.es	S 1 PHONS	Bodies	Siphons
A	Ham islwc	1,500	24,000	2,000	21,000	2,200	22,000	3,000	20,000
B	H.4tt Island	1,000	12,000	1,100	7,900	670	11,000	2,100	;J,CtX)
C	Annedt Island	!,|00	17,000	2,200	|9„000	1,300	|4,CC0	2,400	16,000
0	Oali. Bay			„		2,600	lO,(J00	3,500	13,000
E	DAf.L Bay	„	B	_	.	2,400	11,000	3,800	10,000
F	Carlton IsU(\)D	„	_	eTo	5,500	700	4,800	870	3,000
G	CARLTCV la^VND	_	_	l.lOO	4,400	1,400	4,700	630	4,200
H	Carlton island	-	»	650	3,200	■ Hon	3,900	690	3,700
1	PtTERSBLRS	_	.	NEGo	200	NEG.	200	NEG«	NEG.
J	PVBbS Bav	o	•	1,100	13,000	1,500	16,000	1,800	|6,U00
K	PyoUS Bay	.	_	1,300	8,300	(,600	to,uuu	1,700	9,600
L	PvBus Bay	•	»	1,300	12,000	920	11,000	l,4C0	14,000
M	Roberts island	-	.	1,600	15,000	1,200	14,000	1,400	11,000
N	RoBCR^s Island	-	-	2,600	16,000	3,200	13,000	2,300	9,200
0	Faims-ww		Omitted from further sampling	after 0;	:tober
P	Chaik Bay	_	_	640	10,000	700	11,000	590	8,30C'
Q	Chaix Bay	.	Cl	970	8,100	750	6,40C<	600	6,800
R	Hood Bav	•	o	1,100	11,000	540	3,300	680	9,500
S	Hood Bay	_	c	480	4,20)	760	5,800	660	4,200
T	Hood Bay	.	.	560	4,60C!	750	6,300	840	3,900
L!	SE'X'air.' Bav	c.	a	470	6,500	40*	5,600	240	3,900
V	SEouRtTv Bay	-	-	690	9,300	540	7,900	790	7,600
	Tabu 2. - Monthly toxicity survey	of bltter -	CLAM SAMPLES	; from plots on - Continued
		selected Southeastern Alaska beacs^es
	LOCAT ! ON		Toxicity.	IN MOUSE UN	l!TS PER lOO	grams 0-	MEAT
Plot	June 1949	July	1949	AUG,	1949	Sept	. 1949
No.	Bodies	Siphons	Bodies .	Siphons	Bodies	Siphons 12,000	Bodies 1,800	SIPHONS
A	Ham JsLAhc	.	.	1,400	|6,0CX)	2,100	13,000
B	Ham i3LA^e	„	o	620	5,600	1,500	7,900	1,500	ll.CXX)
C	Ammet""e Island	«	_	1,500	\l,CCO	2,700	12,000	1,900	(2,000
D	Dall Bay	„	_	o.	.	1,800	6,8CX)	1,900	9,700
E	Dail Bav	«	«	2,800	4,100	3,100	4,100	3,300	8,800
F	Carlton I slaw	2,100	5,500	1,600	7,5CX)	l,4C0	11,000	=	-
G	Carlton Island	1,300	5,400	1,800	LOST	1,400	7,600	-	-
H	Carltcn Island	1,000	3,400	Lost	8,300	l,40C.	13,000	-	=
1	PETtftSBURG	NEGo	NEG.	NEG.	NEG.	=	=	-	"
J	P-VBL'S BA?	1,400	|2,UU0	1,900	9, £00	l,l-X	7,300	=	=
K	Pybus Say	1,700	8,800	1,600	S,-500	IJOO	11,000	-	-
L	Pybus Bw	1,300	15,000	1,200	16,000	1,200	13,000	=	-
U	Roberts Island	1,900	10,000	2, AX)	14,000	1,100	I2,000	-	-
N	Roberts Island	2,000	13,000	2,500	14,000	1,400	9,700	-	-
0	F«*rvSnAw		Omitted from further sampling ArTER i	October
P	Chaik Bay	850	11,000	1,500	16,000	560	11,000	->	-
Q	Chaik Bay	760	7,700	1,200	9,603	750	10,000	-	-
R	Hood Bay	1,100	9,300	1,400	8,000	480	lljUUO	-	-
S	Hoo) Bay	800	6,500	1,100	9,600	580	6,500	o	-
T	Hood Bay	//U	4,800	1,000	8,100	280	5,000	-	m
U	SfeTij«i'.-Y Bay	760	5,200	1,200	10,000	350	6,600	-	-
V	Security bay	BlO	9,100	1,100	7,800	540	7,800	•	*

Figures 1 to 9 show graphically the monthly variation in toxicity of the bodies and siphons of buttex' clam samples from plots on selected Southeastern Alaska beaches «

10

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