FISHERY SURVEY OF SOUTHERN COASTAL WATERS 0«e«<«*« a i « o e •> I i*a>>«poiiC0<>ott*o«. Page II 1 3 3 6 6 9 10 11 19 20 ILLUSTRATIONS FIGURE Page 1. Location of Tri.nter trawl fishing grounds indicated roughly by dots -which represent actual fish catches reported by fishermen during 1930-1931 seasons , , 2 2. The United States Fish and midlife Service research vessel Albatross III. , 4 3. Diagram of the No, 1-1/2 Iceland otter trawl used in the North Carolina fishery survey... 5 4» Locations of trawl stations, indicated ty dotS;, complete during the survey of southern coastal waters in Ma,^^ and J'une;, 1949 7 PREFACE This is the first of a series of reports, based on the work of the Albatross IIT, concerning hydrographic conditions of, and fishing operations in, southern coastal watGrs. Reports on hydrographic conditions encountered during the present survey l/ and on the distribution of plankton TO-II appear later. The objectives of this survey vrere (l) to exanine the possi- bilities of e:-rpanding local fishery resources in southern coastal waters, principally these of North C^irolina betrreen Cape Hatteras and Gape Fear, by exploring mth an otter travi the area outside the 20-fathom line, and (2) to obtain detailed data on the hydro- grajihy and planl<:tcn of the area covered by the sv.Tvef, The survey was conducted in May and June, 19^9, under a cooperative agreenent between the Institute of Fisheries Research of the University of North Carolina and the Fish s.nd Yfildlife Service of the United States department of the Interior. The Institute gave financial assistance to the amount of JjA, 000*00, suTDolied scientific personnel, and replaced Service-ouned gear which was lost or became unserviceable. The Service furnished, operated, and maintained the research vessel Albatross III for the survey. The Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution lent hiydrographJ.c equipment and detailed tvro scientists to collect and interpret the hydrographic date. V Earlier hydrogTaphic conditions have been reported on by Dean F. Bumpus and T. J. Wehe, "Coastal Yfeter Circulation off the East Coast of the United States between Cape Kattaras and Florida", Techjiical Report No. 16, Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, Woods Hole, Massachusetts. II HJTRODUCTION T>ie continental shelf in the region of Cape Hatteras is a sub- merged plain 20 to 75 miles broad; sloping gradually from the da ore until a depth of 50 to 100 fathoms is reached. Beyond the 50 to 100 fathom zone there is a more abrupt drop in the ocean bed so that depths of 300 to 4-00 fathoms are recorded 5 to 10 miles beyond the edge of the shelf north of Capre Hatteras and 15 to 20 miles beyond the shelf south of Cape Hatteras. Beyond this is a region of still deeper water extending down to the great depths of the ocean* The continental shelf from Cape Hatteras southward may harbor a supply of fish vdiich is not fully utilized, especially since at least 60 percent of the shelf is unknoim to the comjnercial fi sher- men of the area. Fishermen of North Carolina have been unmlling to risk trying new bottom beyond the narrovir strip of the shelf within the 20-fabhom line T.hich is familiar to them. Consequently, these stocks of fish may be umasely exploited - too much of it being taken near shore and none of it offshore. The offshore grounds^ hOTiever, have been partially explored. A ivinter trawl fishery for croakers in advance of the regular season led several New Jersey flounder cra^^jors to Cape Hatteras tn 1920. (Pearson, 193'4)«2/ These small draggers, accompanied by several small; shallow-draft, oyster- or crab— dredge boats from Virginia, were imable to extend the fishery far out to sea because of their small capacity and their construction, -By the -.rinter of 1928-1929> hovrever, se"/eral larger vessels from New England fishing ports, equipped to trawl in the deep offshore iraters, v/ere concentrating their fishing efforts in the vicinity of Cape Hatteras, The number of vessels engaged in this ivinter trawl fishers'- increased to about 50 in 1931 and to about 100 in 1934. (Nesbit and Neville, 1935). During the vmiter of 1930-1931 this trawl fisherj-- vras concen- trated in tiTO areas (Pearson, 1932). The first, north of Cape Hatteras, extended roughly from latitudes 35 50' to 37'^!. and from longitudes 74° 50 » to 75° 30' ¥. in depths ranging from 20 to 50 fathoms. The second area, south of Cape ilatteras, vfas enclosed on the north and south "by latitudes 34° 50' to 35" 50* N. and on the east and west hy longitudes 75° 20' to 76° 10' 7if» (Figure l). These fishing grounds extended from 3 to 30 miles offshore in water from 10 to 30 fathoms Pab]ications referred to parenthetically by author and date are listed in the Literature Cited, page 20 79« 78" 77" 76* 75 • 74» iX^ SB" ^fl MD. .fc" WINTEF^' QUARTER' 5f •^.r^ 371 ?f/ c-n r-^ VIRGINIA XAPE V CHARLES ® >'; CHESAPEAKE '"^ :;-, % »,' 35*L ..■i^/-«: . ^^=^^'1?/ NORTH j / ^ \ CAROLINA *^ -\ »• R4MUC0 SOUND 'DiAMdNDi :ape LOOKOUT /' 341 /CAPE PEAR FRYING PAN y 33» O 10 30 50 SCALE OF MILES 79* .^ 78" 77* 76« 75" 74* Figure 1— Location of winter trawl flahlng grounda Indicated rou^luy bj dota wtiion repretkont actual fish caMhea as reported bjr flahazman ±iriag 1930"1931 aaaaon^". in depth. The vri.nter trawl fishery, as it now exists, is limited to the area from Cape Ilatteras north to the Virginia Capes while much of the area outside 20 fathoms south of Cape Hatteras remains unfished« In spite of the growth of this winter trawl fishery in the deeper waters off Cape Katteras..; the resident comrnercial fishermen of North Carolina have continued to e:q5loit the fish populations indigenous to the shelf TfrLthin the 20- fathom line. The Institute of Fisheries Hesearch, cogniz,ant of this limited fishery;, sought ways to expand it, and as a result- a survey was cooperatively undertaken by the Fish and Vfi-ldlife Sevn.ce of the United States Department of the Interior and the Institute of Fisheries Research of the University of North Carolina. TIS SURVEY VESSEL The United States Fish and Wildlife Service research vessel Albatross III (Figure 2) was used in the survey. Tlie vessel is of steel construction throaghout, is about 180 feet long, has a beam of about 24- feet and a draft of 12 feet, and is povrered by an 805 horse- power diesel engine. It is equipped with full-size trawling gear of the type used by New England trawlers, and the latest electronic device Sonic Depth Recorders^ Loran Receiver, Radio Direction Finder, etc.— which assure continous depth and position recordings during fishing operations. TRA^^ING GEAR AND METHODS Otter trawling was carried on from Kay l6 to June 9 with a slightlj' modified No. 1-1/2 Iceland trawl (Figure 3). The dimensions of the trawl are as follows: 78-foot head-rope j 114-foot foot-ropej D-inch mesh in the vangs and square j 5-inch, tapering to i^-inch, mesh in the belly; and ^^^-inch mesh in the cod end. The cod end and upper belly -mere lined with l-l/2-inch mesh tiTine. The entire net is approxi- mately 100 feet long, and was attached to the doors by rope pennants 30 feet long. The doors yrere fastened directly to the toiving vrarps. Part of the foot-rope ivas equipped vdth wooden rollers — the largest of which vrore about IS inches in diameter and 4 to 6 inches in ividth — to peimit trawling on the expected coral bottom without tearing or losing entire nets. The trawl and oceanographic instruments vrare operated in a standard manner during the survey. Upon arrival on station a bathythermograph w"as lowered to obtain the bottom and intermediate temperatures. A thermometer was also lovrered to record the surface temperature. TlUhile the fishermen were '''shooting" the trawl, a Loran fix was obtained to establish the starting- position for the two. After the trawl had been Q) o •^ U (U en Q) tH g H • M M M XI g to O CO ^ i£! i H w Q) +3 ^ t3 »i*gX«S Oit*/ Per /t(tr>* C*y e»»^ 7 ^neii^fi Uie<^ Per /vc^^ «»// o/Afr ^/^ct i fc^fr^^, li 1/1 /■«/■ /<.„^ w./A ro;/e»» 4 Figiire 3, — Diagram of the No, 1-1/2 Iceland otter travrl used in the North Carolina fisheiy survey. set and the toifidng ■wsjrps had been hooked up, the Loran position and tir^e of hook-up ■wars recorded on the fathometer tape. At the end of the tow a second Loran fix vras taken to obtain the end position for the tow. During most of the trawling operations (excludinghar!g-ups) the trawl was towed for half an hour^ from the time of hook-ap to the sl-art of haul-back, at a toiling speed of 4-. 5 knots. A total of 42 hs,lf-hour tows yte.s made at 30 randomly selected stations on the continental shelf betireen Charleston, South Carolina and Cape Henlopen, Delaware. Locations of these stations are illustrated in Figure 4-« A complete log of 'these operations nay be found in Appendix Be LIIIITATIONS OF TRAILING GEAR USED The trav/ling gear used to malv"? this survey had certain limitations. The heavy rollers and total weight of the net caused it to hug the bottom to the extent that large numbers of those species normally taken vri-th balloon trav/ls probably escaped capture* In a like mar-ner, the large rollers raised the foot-rope off the bottom and presumablj'- permitted the escapement of some fish— flatfishes especially. Despite these limitations, it is believed that sufficient quantities of .butter- fish, scup, and flatfishes T.-ere caught to provide a fair index of the supply of these species. DISCUSSION OF RESULTS The catch figures presented in Appendix B are not impressive when compared mth the trawl catches from fishing grounds in the Noi^hwest Atlantic Ocean. They are representative, howaverj of the size of trawl catch which might be expected fran randomly selected stations in south- em coastal Yvaters at this time of the year. It is Imovm that many of the resident species mig-rate north-vvard during the early suEuner months* For the purposes of analyzing these catch figures, it was found convenient to divide the area surveyed iTith the otter travd into three depth zones — 10-50 fathoms, 51-100 fathoms, and over 100 fathoms. The productivity of the area, as measured by the otter tvai-fl catches, varied ivith these depth zones. The composition of the catch and relative abundance of each species also varied in a distinct pattern from station to station and v/ith depth. Ovdng to these narked variations in each of the three depth zones, it became desirable to analyze the results by depth zones. Figure 4.— Locations of trawl atatlone, iiidicat«d ty dots, , - ompieted during the e^loratory fishery aurwy la Bcuthem coaatal waters In Utp and June, 19^9. m*rl«r — 0«fltcallD( 5*otlon, ■taMngloi. D. c *0«" 10-50 FATHOLtS: — Eighteen productive tows (tear-ups occurred on two tows) TJBre made in these depth zones vjith the otter trawl previously descrioed. Fish were caught at an estimated average of 87 pounds per haJ-f-ho'or tow. The greatest catch, approximate- ly 720 pounds in one tow. was made in 19 fathoms at latitude 33 40' K. and longitude 77°06.5' ¥. (Station 8, Figure 4). Host of the catch of commercial species talcen in this depth zone con- sisted of soup, butterfish, pigfish, tomtate, pinfish, goatfish, and white-bone porgy. These, plus smaller numbers of sea bass, spot, red porgy, and ventiillion snapper, accounted for about one-half of the tTawl catch in this depth zone; the remainder was a mixture of non- commercial species, including filefish, round scad, lizard fish, and snake fish. The absence of large quantities of shrimp in the txrawl catches was surprising, since the local fisherman are Icnovm to catch them vri. th small shrimp trawls in less than 20 fathoms* The 1 l/2-inch mesh liner of the trajil net was small enough to retain shrimp^ and at the outset of the survey it was expected that shrimp would be reasonably abundant offshore. Apparently, at this time of year, they are confined to those estuarine in- shore waters fed directly hy the rivers and creeks which drain into the ocean along the coasts of the southern states* Only six coral shrimp, Sicyonia brevirostris (Sticipson) ^/t were taken in this depth zone. In regard to the mechanics of operation^ only two tear-ups were encountered in this depth zone* The first '^as attributed to coral, and tlie cause of the second (a minor tear along the foot-rope) is unknown. 51-100 FATPIOHS ;— Ten tows were made in this relatively narrow depth zone resulting in an estimated average catch of 55 pounds of fish per half-hotir tow. More than three-fourths of the trawl catches in this zone were composed of non-commerc-. ial species, including snake-fish, boar-fish, and spotted hake. The small catch of commercial species consisted largely of butterfish, red grouper, and hogfish. 27 Identifications of the shrmp caught during the North Caro- lina fisherj^ survey were made by Dr, Fenner Chace of the United States National Museum, Washington, D. C. About one-half pint of shrimp^ Kynenopenaeus tropicalis (Bouvier)j, -were taken in this depth zone. This shrajnp, a non- commercial species, was formerly unknown north of the West Indies. Large limestone rocks^ in the vicinity of Diamond Shoals Lightship, ivere responsible for the only tear-up in this depth zone . Over 100 FATHOMS; — Ti'relve tov/s vrere made in this depth zone mth an estimated average catch of 58 pounds of fish per half- hour tovT. Commorcial species, principally red groupers and butterfishj accounted for 60 percent of the catch in this area. Tvielve red grouper, iveighing a total of 34-6 pounds^, were caught at latitude 33°11.5' N. and longitude 77°07' V/. in 152 fathoms (Station 7, Figure 4.). Small numbers of 30 non-commercial species — chiefly boar-fish, spotted hake, lantern fish. Steam's sea robin, cardinal fish, and snake-fish — ^were caught in this depth zone. Three non-com:"ercial species of shrimp — Hymenopenaeus tropicalis (Bouvier), Parapenaeus longirostris (Lucas), and Panaeopsis megalops (Smith) — vrcre also taken in the trawl catches. The possiblities of expanding the otter trawl fishery in depths over 100 fathoms off the coast of North Carolina seem more encouraging than in the other depth zones surveyed. The relative abundance of commercial species as compared mth non- commercial species (as indicated by the trawl catches) is much greater in this depth zone than in the others. It is encouraging that no tear-ups were encountered in these depths, an important consider- ation in profitable comn:ercial fishing. TOPOGPiAPHY" OF THE SHELF It is apparent, from the small number of tear-ups — 3 in 4-2 tows — that traveling; operations may be carried on outside the 20- f a thorn contour in southern coastal waters vdth the type of gear used in the survey without undue loss of gear» The recording deptlifinder was in constant use during the four-week period the Albatross III operated,, except for a 24.-hour period iihen electr- ical difficulties Yrere experienced. An analysis of these traces made on courses which were parallel to the outer edge of the shelf (100-200 fathoms) shows no gullies, such as are common north of Cape Katteras, Yfhich would endanger commercial trawling operations. Likevri-se, fathometer traces made on courses across the shelf shovi places Yfhere the slope declines gradually out to, and often beyond, the 200-fathom line. Near Cape Hatteras, how- ever, the slope of the shelf beyond 100 fathoms is very steep. In general then, the topography of the shelf underlying sonthem coastal ipaters off North Carolina and South Carolina, as indicated by the fathometer traces, is much less irregular than was suspected* The United States Coast and Geodetic Survey charts for this re^on ha\'e few soundings, and a special series of charts — ^vjhich depict bottom types — show large, broad ejqsanses of coral covering the shelf south of Cape Hatteras. This coral is either a low groTrlng fom, or occurs infrequently, for onlj'- small amounts -i^re encountered during the trawl survey* Futher- more, the frequency of tear-ups was inconsequential -when compared ivith those occurring during fishing operation? on sc^ie of the major Northwest Atlantic fishing banlcs. If the coral were as profuse as the charts indicate, and if the lack of soundings were indicative cf rough bottom^ then many more tear-ups almost certainly would have occurred. CONCLUSIONS The results of this survey of the deeper waters of the con- tinental shelf south of Gaps Hatteras indicate t-hat ott-er traw» ling can be pursued mthout imdue loss of g^STi Trailing operations in these deeper waters by the ejdsting fleets, hoTseverj, TTOuld require the modification of present g^^t to iiielud'S larger ■winches, which have a greater to-nng'flri.re capacligrj and probably rollers on tte foot-ropes to perssit trawlir^ on th@ sligMlj'= ir^ regular bottom* The results -were not encouraging with rsispee-t te iacff^sasing North Carolina's fishei^- resources. The cst6h®s of eoEBser-ciall^ important species—or all species for that raatter-^Trere, in most instances, veiy small. These poor catches may be attributed either to the season, or to the possibility tliat the fish popu- lations frequenting the continental shelf ia the vicinity of Cap© Hatteras are quite limited e Since it is knovm that many of the speci&iS found off Cape Hatteras migrate northward during the sisamer RonthSj;. a survey daring the wint-ar might provide significantly larger matches. Unless this can bs substantiated, however, th& fr^asibil^.igr of establishing conmercial operations on a large scale in this region appears remote. The catches of buttea-iisn, s^p, tom- tate, grunts, hog-fish, pinfish, and pig-fish indicate that these species mi-ght support a limited commercial fishe^;- in depths less than 100 fathoms. The moderate number of red grouper taken in deeper watsr indicates that these valuable food fish may be abundant enough to support a small fishery. 10 APPEIDIX A List of the fishes and larger crustaceans caiiffht during the fishery survey of southern coastal waters* The following comprises a list of all the fishes and larger crustaceans captured during fishing operations off the coasts of South and North Carolina and of Virginia in May and June 1949 • All but five of the species presented in this list were taken ■with the otter trawl or shrimp trawl* Four of the species (marked iTith asterisks) vrere not captui-ed with trawls but were caught while trolling feathered jigs either i"jliile steaming be- tween stations or while going to and fron port. One species, Seriola diorierili, xvas taken with the otter trav/1 and by trolling. Several flyingfish (Cypselurus heterurus) flew aboard the Albatross III and were picked up off the deck. Most of the species included here vdll be found described in Fishes of North and Middle America by Jordan and Everaann (I896-I900). These volumes and several others, including Goode and Bean (1895), Breder (1929), Hildebrand and Schroeder (1928), and Longley and Hildebrand (194-1) were used for identification of these fishes. Norman (1934) was used for identifying the flatfishes, Beebe and Tee-Van (1936) for the black-finned tuna, and Bigelow and Scliroeder (1948) for the sharks. Many of the field identifications were made by Isaac Gins- burg, Ichthyologist, Fish and Wildlife Service, who ivas assigned to the Albatross III for the first lialf of the trawl survey. Fishes caught during the remainder of the survey wore tentatively identified by personnel of the Fish and Wildlife Service and of the Institute of Fisheries Research, These field identifications were later checked at the U.S. National Museum by Ginsburg and the author. Unpublished keys prepared by Ginsburg were used for identifying the follov/ing groups of fishes: sea basses (Serran- idae), porgies (Sparidae ) , scorpion fishes (Scorpaenidae), and sea robins (Triglidae). The nomenclature for this list, Trtiich is presented in natural sequence, is based on Jordan, Evermarji and Clark (1928) or on more recent revisions by the authors cited above. Dr. L. P. Schultz and Dr. E. A. Lachner, Division of Fishes, U. S. National Kuseum, also assisted in identif^'-ing the fishes listed belovr. W. A. Ellison, Jr., Director of the In- stitute of Fisheries Research of the University of North Carolina, assisted in planning the survey and has reviewed and given his approval to this report on the investigation. Without the assistance of Mr. Ellison, the members of his staff, and of those members of the Fish and Wildlife Service who took part in the survey, this work could not liave been accomplished. 11 Family Scj'-liorhinidae . Cat sharks Scyliorhinus retifer Family Car char hinidae. Carcharhinus milberti Family Squalidae. Dogfishes 1/ Squalus fernagxiinus Family Rajidae. Skates and rays Ra.ja e^lanteria Ra.ja diaphanes Fanily Congridae (5.eptocephalidae). Conser eels LeptoceDhalus conger Family Ophi.chtlf^daec SnsJce ©els Mystriophis intertinctus Family Muraenidaea Mos'ays Gymnothorax ocellatt?.^ Family Synodontidae .- Lisardfishes Tra chine cephalus myops Synodus foe tens ^nodus intermedins Saurida normani Family Chloropthalmidae* Chloropthalmus chg.lybeius Family Myctophidae. Lanternfishes Lampanyctus sp. Diaphus sp. Family Scomberesocidaeo Sccimberesox saurus Family Exocoetidae. M.ylngfishe8 17 Verified ty W. C, Schyoedar, Musama of Caaparatlim Zoology, Harvard University 12 Qvpselarus hgternriis Faxnily Gadj.dae, Codfishes Gadella naraldl Urophycis re/^ius Ui'sr.'hycis tenuis Laemoneiaa barbatulisi?. Famfly Merluciidae. Hakes Merluccius bilineaius Family Bothidae. Floxonders AncyloDseota dile eta Sya cium iTiicrtir'jm Bot-hub ocellatus Citharichthya ar cltifrons Ci tl'iari ch thy s unicornis Monolene sessilicauda Pai-alichth^ys dentatixs Hippo/^lossina oblOTiga Faralichthys lethostippius Gyclousetta cliittendeiii Fainily Zeida3» John dories Zenopsis ocellata Family Holocentridae. Soldier-fishes; Squirrelfishes Holo centra s ascensionis Family Fistulariidae . Cometfishes Fistularia tabacaria Family Macrorhanphosidae, Snipefishes Ma crorham'oho siis scolopax Family Scombridae. llackerels 13 Scomber scorabrus ->--guthynnus alletteratus '"'Sarda sarda •j^-Parathuniius atlantiois Faraily Gempylidas. Snake raackerel Nesiarchus nasutus Family Go^ypnaen j.dae » Dolphins ^Cor^Tihaena Mppurus Familj'- Stromateidae » Butterfishes Poronotus tria can thus Family Nomeidae* llan-^of-rrsr fishes Cabiceps sp« Family Carangidae, Cavallas De capterus punctatus Family Seriolidae., -:H;-Seriola dimerili Family Ponataaj.dae r Bluefishes Pcniatomus saltatrix Family Cheilodipteridae » Apogon pseud oiaa cula tus S^maATops bella Family Epinephelidae » Groupers * Caught by trollj-ng near surface. *^>- Caught both by trolling near surface and in otter travrl* 14 Epinerihalus r-iveatiis Epiriephelus rriorio Family Serranidae*- Sea bass Gentropristes striatum Gentropio-stes o c:\mmj Diple ctrTijn i'orraosi:s Pilonodes phcebe Anthias sp. Family Priacanthidae , Big-ejes Foeudopria call thus alius Family- Lutianidae . Snappers Lntianus blackforclii Puhomboplites auror-'j-bGns Faniiy ttaeniuiidae , Grunts Haemtilon macrostcnuia Ilaemulon pliJin.iori BathyE'botna aur L"^lineatum rJ-mator Orthopristis chrysopterus Fairdly Pomacenoridae - Chromis enc"niy£'ar-us Family Labridae. Lachnolaimus maximus De codon puelliaris Family Coridae . Xj^Ti chthys pgittacus Family Spsj:*! somidae . Sparisona ilaygjcer^s Family Uranoscopidae. Stargazcrs Astros copus y-grae cum Kathet-ostoEia albiffutta Family Ophidiidae. 15 LepopMdiuiTi cervinum Ophidion sp. Family Triacaiithidae, Triacanthodes llneatus Fairdly Balistidae. Triggerf ishes . Balistes capriscus Familj'- Monacanthidae. Filefishes Mona can thus hispidus Ceratacanthus schocpfii Family Ostraciidae» Trunkfishes Lactophrys triconiis Fanily Tetraodontidae. Puffers Sphoeroides dor sails Sphoeroides spongier i Family Diodontidae* Porcupinefishes ChiloiTLycterus at.in.£:a Famil;/ Sparidae. Porgies StenotcTTius chrysc^s Calanus calanus Calanus leucosteus Fa.&yus Pa/irus Ij^jiodon rhomboides Family Gerridao. t'ojarras Ejucinostcnus gula Fanilj'- Mullidae. Sumullots I^llus auratus Family Sciaenidae. Croakers 16 Leiostaraus xantluuais Menticirrhus saxatilis Equetuo lanceclatus Equetus ag-imin3.tu3 Family Aiitigoniidae* AntiA'oriia caprcc Family Chaetodontidae. Butterfly fishes. Ghaeto d on bimaculatus CTiaetodon sedentariiis An,?eli chthys isabelita Faciily Acanthuj-idae . Surgecnfishes Acanthur-us bal nanus Family Sccrpaenidae . Rockfishes and scorpionfishes Scorpaena tortw?ae Scorpaena brasiliensis Fontinus lon,g;ispinls Pontinus rathbiuii Family'- Triglidae. Sea robins Prionctus Stearns i Prionotus alatv.s Prionotus carclinug Prionotus scitulus Bellator militaris Family Lophiidae. Fishing frogs Lophius piscatorius Family Antennaridae . Frogfishes Antennari'ds ocqllatus Family Ogcocephalidae. Batfishes 0/;cocephalus nasutus Ogcocephalus radiatus Kalieuti ch 'cly s aculeatus 17 LARGER CRUSTACKAJIS Family Scyllaridae 2/ Scyilarus americanus Fenily Penaeidae. Slirimp Hirmenopenaous tropi calls Parapenaous lon/rirostris Parapenaous Ho.fialops Sycionia brevirostris Family Homaridae. Lobster Homarus americanus 2/ Identified by Dr, I, E. Gray, Zoology Dsparianent, Dvike Universily . 2/ Ident3j"ied qy Dr. Fenner Chace, U, So National Museum. 18 '•aa ^ o V e B e s 1 pa 'S s I o 3 vi ! i'°j||s""?j?'°88 8ga"sa"8"°8aj*iss*| isssjsas^sa •85 I 1 1 o o « a • II 58 S "G- 1 •r4 m B til St U o ^ p. s K o • • • « 38 2" 1 UiUi\ 1 ^ «4 t i i! D » ^ ^ ^ u ■St ^tt: i i t:Ts 1 ! .. S a t: 1 1: llffi a « • p, o • « « II SfelSIII • 0 «» .o *< *» O O 0 «-< *-l ^ I I ! I ! ! I ^- -: I I ! •-< t« r4 ^ I '-o p- ni I I ! t- to j I i 1 !SJ|S|Si M C- ra GO o «» o u5 1 iH /-* f-^ e itcm(nmcMpr-otofti )f-4(Oi-tcgw(Siftjajf-t^ai-^ ^ -T *o cu ■^ fH 00 40 «Q ■. > Q O ca O 4 03 I- ) W 9 CO O O (7> '^■i OOOOCOOOOOOOO oooooooo o_o_o_o OQlOiOOO'fiinOU'jQtOiOOQUjmOQOIQOQOi to to iO ■^ t- u)*^fTi-^in^4i?5w^''^'^'^»^'-5t'-3»^»-3l lCUr-((\»»HftJr-f(\l ^W^Wr^-H-tf-IMfyiH^CMi-t. r^r^ ojr\jfOi:0'i'<>ioio«>«>r»ooa>o«-f*-iQU>QO>QQU^QiQOinii> i'*cP>ow^¥'*iOfti5oioQs'a>^^ 30C.-H00000000000000 r-CDCOO>CMlO(Or^iO _eg^^j3^o "O^rt cy o^ Q(^l-«^-cu(UQ(vtoc•QOlo•HQtoftJCVJlOco^u^^q><^<4■oooccto<\J^lO^(OlQO'^la(Otcto^ rttQrtt'3Ull0Ht0OOOOn« OO OOOOOCOOOOOOOOOC OOOC OOOOCOO OOOOOOO'-'"''""" '0*or*t-^v^t'r-.t^^^tX)mtpato\roa>cD I 4» & S0 0 a S) Q 10000^-- ii§sgiS3 »^^-lw^Wr^»-I\Jlrtr^fJr^-^euf-^r^f-^l-^^~^ o o C f^ a 0 lis •g I O<-i'*^^ton^iQtocwGOo>o>p«-fr-f>ji^^«u>bOtOB-a)0to •-)r-iMr-ir^r4^;^rH^)HfHrC'3 LITERATURE CITED BEEBE, W. and J. TEE- VAN 1936. 'Systematic notes on Bermudian anci .nfest Indian Tunas of the Genera Parathunnus and Neothunnus. Zoologica, Vol. XXI, Part 3. BIGELOl\fj HEMY B., AMD WILLIAM C. SCHROEDER 19hQ. Fishes of the Western North Atlantic (Sharks: Part 1.). Sears Foundation for Marine Research, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticuto 576 pp« BREDERj JR. J CHARLES M. 1929. Field Book of Marine Fishes of the Atlantic Coast. 332 pp, GCODE, GEORGE B., and TARLETON H. BEAN 1895. Oceanic Ichthyology. Special Bulletin, Smithsonian Institution, United States National Museum^ Washington, D. C, HILDEBRAND,, SAMUEL F., and WILLIAM C. SCHROEDER 19280 Fishes of Chesapeake Bay. Bulletin, Bureau of Fisheries, U, 3. Department of Commerce, Vol. XLIII (1927), Part 1:366, V/ashington, D. C, JORDAN,. DAVID S., and BARTON '.V. EVERMANrJ ■ 1596=1900 c The Fishes of North and" Middle' America, Bulletinj, United States National Museum, No. hi, Parts I-IV, PP 3313, pis. 392, Washington, D... .0, JOR-O./iN, DAVID S., BARTON \'L EVEVK^Wi, and HC'.tVRB W. CLARK 1928. Report of the U. S. Coimnissioner of Fisheries. Part II. 670 pp. LONGLEY, ;v. H., and SAMUF.L F. HILDEBRAND 19hl. Systematic Catalogue of the Fishes of Tortugasj Florida Papers Tortugas Lab., Vol. .XXXIV, pp. i-xiii, 1-331, pis. l-3Uo Carnegie Inst. Wash., Publ. 535. I^JESBITj ROBERT A., and WILLIAM C, NEVILLE 1935. Conditions Affecting the Southern Winter Trawl Fishery, Fishery Circular No, I8, Bureau of Fisheries, U. S. Department of Commerce, Washington, D, C. NORMAN J J. R. I93U. A Systematic Monogr-aph of the Flatfishes (Heter- osomata). Vol. 1 Psettodidae, Bothidae, Pleuronectidae, Roy^ 8 vo., pp, viii and kS9' PEARSON, JOHN C. 1932. Winter Trawl Fishery off the Virginia and North Carolina Coasts. Investigational Report No. 10, Bureau of Fisheries, U, S. Department of Commerce, Washington, D, C, 21 Interior-Duplicating Section, Washington 25, D, C, MBL WHOI Library - Serials ■'■■IIIHIIIIIIK