SEA LAMPREY SPAWNING: Wisconsin and Minnesota Streams Of Lake Superior Marine Biological Laboratory WOODS HOLE, MASS. SPECIAL SCIENTIFIC REPORT: FISHERIES No. 97 UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR FISH AND WILDLIFE SERVICE Explanatory Note The series embodies results of investigations, usually of restricted scope, intended to aid or direct manai?ement or utilization practices and as guides for administrative or legislative action. It is issued in limited quantities for the official use of Federal, State or cooperating Agencies and in processed form for economy and to avoid delay in publication. i Washington, D. C. June, 1953 United States Department of the Interior, Douglas McKay, Secretary Fish and Wildlife Service, John L. Parley, Director SEA LAfffREY SPAWNING: WISCONSIN AND MINNESOTA STREAMS OF LAKE SUPERIOR by Howard A. Loeb Fishery Biologist Special Scientific Report: Fisheries No. 97 COMTEOTS Page Examination of streams on Grand Island 3 Examination of streams in Wisconsin 3 Iron Counb7 3 Ashland County 3 Bayfield County 10 Douglas County 10 Apostle Islands 10 Examination of streams in Minnesota 11 Cook County 11 Lake County 11 St. Louis County 26 Discussion 32 Literature cited 36 ILLUSTRATIONS FIGRJRE Page 1. Lake Superior, showing areas surveyed in 1950, 1951, and 1952 2 2. Shoreline of Iron County, Wisconsin 5 3. Shoreline of Ashland County, Wisconsin 7 U* Shoreline of Cook County, Minnesota 12 5* Shoreline of Lake County, Minnesota • 19 6. Shoreline of St. Louis County, Minnesota 27 The 19^2 sea lamprey stream survey in the Lake Superior Basin was organized as a continuation of the 1950-$! survey. Imme- diate objectives during the 1952 season were as follows: 1. To extend the surveyed area to include all Wisconsin and Minnesota watersheds in the Lake Superior basin. 2. To identify further, those streams which are pro- ducing or may produce sea lampreys in the future. 3. To determine the general characteristics of those streams in which control measures may be required. The standards and methods used in 1952 differed from those of 1950 and 195l only in that the stream examinations were less in- tensive (Loeb and Hall, 1952). All of the streams in Minnesota (Cook, Lake, and St. Louis Counties) and a portion of those in Wisconsin (Iron, Ashland, and Bayfield Counties) were surveyed. In addition, all of the streams on Grand Island, Alger Co\uity, Michigan, were examined. The Wisconsin streams were examined during the month of June. Operations in Minnesota began on July 11 and terminated on August 8. Personnel included, in addition to the author, Clifford Brynildson, Robert Braem, Earl Schaedig, and George Simmons. The map of Iron County, Wisconsin was prepared by Bernard anith. All other maps are the work of Robert Braem. Appreciation is extended to the Minnesota Department of Fish and Game for data concerning the North Shore watersheds, and to the Wisconsin Conservation Department for the offer of their patrol boat for the survey of inaccessible streams. Examination of streams on Grand Island Of 23 streams on the island, 21 cannot be utilized \sy sea lampreys because of one or more of the following limiting factors: small size, low temperatures, and the presence of bedrock barriers ranging from & to 100 feet in height. North Light Creek (at the northern end of the island), a stream approximately 3 miles in length, flows from a tag alder swamp and is soft bottomed throughout; this stream is unsuitable for spawn- ing lampreys due to a lack of spawning gravel. Echo Lake Creek (T U7 N, R 19 W, S U, on the western side of the island), the outlet of Echo Lake, is approximately 1/2 mile in length, 10 to l5 feet in width, and up to 10 inches in depth. Water temperature on June 21 was 60° F. Spavming raediara for 2$ or more nests is present. Sea lampreys can be blocked from this stream by a 25-foot wide concrete barrier placed at the mouth. Power lines are present only at the south end of the island, a distance of at least 3 miles. The stream can be reached by automobile. The proposed weir site is approximately 300 feet from the road. Examination of streams in Wisconsin Iron County t Contains 8 small streams (Fig. 2), U of which can pro- bably be utilized by sea lampreys (Table 1). The productive poten- tials of the latter range fi-ora small to medium (Loeb and Hall, 19$2)» Electrical control devices are recommended. All of the streams are subject to rapid fluctuations in water levels and several to a resulting heavy turbidity. Bottcan irre- gularity and scouring by sudden freshets may limit the extent of utilization by sea lampreys even in the streams considered to have a productive potential. Installation and operation of control devices will be hin- dered by the relative inaccessibility of two streams, and l^ occasional excessive turbidity (lake clay). Ashland County; Contains 11 watersheds (Fig. 3), 5 of which have pro- dactive potentials ranging from small to large (Table 2), The condition of Denomie Creek could not be determined be- cause of continual heavy turbidity, and the Kakagon River and Wood Creek Slou^ irere incompletely examined for the same reason. Heavy and continual turbidity also prevented the sxirvey of the main portion of the Bad River except in the portion between the mouth and U. S. Highway 2j spawning habitat was found in three tributaries, however, during a brief period when they were clear. LEGEND FOR FIGURES 2-6 SPAWNING HABITAT OR NATURAL BARRIER MAN - MADE BARRIER BASE MAPS STATE HIGHWAY COMMISSION OF WISCONSIN ST. LOUIS CO. HIGHWAY DEPT OFFICIAL MAP OF LAKE CO. OFFICIAL MAP OF COOK CO. a: o cc u a D (A) UJ < _l Q! O PD NOUl 'jr/777 yy77?7'/77 t) ONVIHSV (0 Z o u o o z o o lU z -J UJ cr o X (0 (XJ lU tr u. ^^ u •H ffl J3 fci > +> il •a (D P 4J «) • J3< -p -p > m dj <: *U tH H H -H •H H t-i t> U o p. § % HO 0) o o CO H so I m o n Parker Cr U7N-1W-12 U CO O H Oronto U7N-1W- ^ J I U 0) o ot O (h pi n 0) 43 ■p o on 1^ vO s H s J, « ^ 8 8 a> o 1 •^ a |h ^ •^ u g: ■§ % O OS ■d P,H u ••« Sh t 5 ••^ tB o g ^ P .3 U\ 13 CM a ctf .H CO H C (D -P la (D _ H «nH ">0 o \A t •P ^i5 SUPERIOR FIGURE 3. SHORELINE OF ASHLAND COUNTY, WISCONSIN •^^ 8 d V & •H -P O to a o O fl rt Oi H «^ •H ■P -s >4 I pCICJl ■p -p 43 • ^ H 'H Hi I (U 0) .a o o 0) ^ 8 S.S t H a> o ••» o> ■H X: r-l tl -P Xi •P d -H O O (O 4) O > U ^ B g H Ctf -rl CA *n CM 2 f-* M is 3i 8 ^^ <» •^^ o ••» o •H J3 H k -p ^ U 6 (0 4) e (0 H © « a> o o ^ H o « > 4-1 o l^l^l (3 ^ £ -St O oo O oo 0\f-< CM CM S, s CM I CM H U o I- Is •UN O on> » J Go CM &HI I CM I IS •o TJ xf « 0) 3 >! -P (D rH -H H -H r-l 'ri h m 1 II II O O O O O O « ^1 0) •« ^ 4> «M 4> j3 p Of barr abov mout 1 1 1 01 1 1 1 1 ^ ^ $ O taO •H •H ^ O O O (4 o O o S> ■H +a O H H H -P in tH 4^ 0) (D 0) (d a 0) n g o O ^ nS > ^ Cl< H «H o g ggg; )-1 1-5 •-5 H H 5^ roduct otenti i 1 1 1 0* P4 .-«. ,^ „_, ^,_,_ &, ® VOOO CO oo ri ^ "^ CNH O H X^ \A 1 vO ^s^ ^-' \Q ^^-^ ^w* ">v • 43CJ fc< -ti +* 1 1 ^ 0) a l § n •a ^ g • ^^ « S3 CJ .!?§ _ 1- H u^*^ >»<*% V4 ^ O O § nH 0 -P *A 5I Name and loca li "d 1 P CO ^^ «-=t :»^ rt -=f ■d -p Q) o Pi 4) > •H *> O •s o (4 CU a i § OJ ID x h o 1^ 4* ID ^ 4» (D P. 5 5 4* 4^ t,^ O r^ 4S 0) ^ -s O ;l ID H iH o X> ^ g •H a '^ ;3 Sf HI W| As judged from the rocky character of the Bad River watershed, the main river and its larger tributaries such as the White, Narengo, and Potato Rivers probably contain large amounts of spawning habitat. Complete and partial barriers may be present in relatively inaccessible areas. Electrical control devices are recomiaended for all streams with a productive potential. Control will be rendered difficult due to the relative inaccessibility of Morrison Creek and Creeks 3 and k, to the large size of the Bad River, and to the high degree of tur- bidity of several of the streams. Bayfield County; A total of 10 streams was surveyed, but exaraina- tion was incomplete because of almost continual heavy turbidity. Several of these streams can probably be utilized by sea lampreys. At least 2$ streams were not examined because of the turbidity factor. Dauglas County; At least 38 watersheds are present} none was ex- aminad because of continual heavy turbidity. Several can probably be utilized by sea lampreys. Apostle Islands (Ashland County) : Not examined; may contain several small streams suitable for sea lamprey spaiming. Almost all of the Wisconsin streams flowing into Lake Superior are affected by rapid fluctuations in water levels and ex- tremely heavy turbidity (lake clay). The latter condition appears to accompany even light rains, and as a result the streams are often turbid for weeks, Thr present study was greatly hindered ty both conditions. Only limited portions of the larger watersheds could be examined, and these relatively ineffectually. Adult lampreys and nests, if present, were of course, not observed. Stream bottoms were visible only in isolated instances. The turbid condition could well account for the lack of reports concerning sea lamprey spawning along the Wisconsin shoreline. Electrical control techniques are practical in these streams, but construction, operation, and maintenance will be impeded by both turbidity and water level fluctuations. It is recommended that an effort be made to determine the bottom conditions of the remaining streams only during the periods when they are clear, and that mechan- ical control devices be constructed initially on certain streams to ascertain the extent of sea lamprey spawning runs, if any. 10 Examination of streams in Minnesota Cook County; Contains 77 separate iratersheds (Fig. h)» At least I46 of these are unsiiitable for sea lamprey spawning because of the following limiting factors: low temperatures, scouring, bottom irregularity, barriers, small size, rapid fluctuations in water levels, etc. Twenty-two streams are considered to be marginal (Table 3)» Spawning gravel for a varying number of nests is present, but other factors are likely to be unfavorable enough to seriously hamper spawning efforts. Nine streams with productive potentials ranging frcsn me- dium to large are believed to be quite suitable for sea lampreys, despite the presence of limiting factors (Footnote 2, Table 3). Six of these streams are large; three others averaged 5, 8j and l5 feet in width in the sections examined. Electrical control devices are recommended for all of than. The geology and surface featvires of the Cook County water- shed have been ctescribed in detail in a publication of the Minnesota Department of Conservation (Sinith and Moyle, 19UU). Suffice it to say that most of the streams in the Cook County watershed flow over rocky, rugged terrain, often cliff-like in gradient. Barriers and partial barriers to fish are numerous. Run-off is rapid and great fluctuations in water levels are the rule. The majority of streams is small. A number of them are probably intermittent in character. Any type of control operation will be aided ty the accese- ibi].ity of the majority of streams in the watershed. A few streams in the northern portion of the county are relatively inaccessible. Installation of electrical devices will be difficult in the Pigeon and Arrowhead Rivers due to large size, reversing cur- rents, shifting sand bars, and pulp wood operations. Lake County; Contains 50 separate watersheds (Fig. 5). At least 13 of these are unsuitable for sea lamprey spawning because of the presence of barriers, small size, irregularity of bottan, etc. Twenty-eight streams are considered to be marginal (Table U). Spawning gravel for a varying number of nests is present, bat other factors are likely to be unfavorable enou^ to Impede spawning efforts. 11 12 10 0) +i (D n 6 o o o § .» Wt •H 43 O n -H -p n p u o -a (0 (1< H < +> 4* t> Q> Q) «aj -O |S5 o CM a o O H I I o 6 >»43 43 O C 2d -H ^ -H 0} o S CVJ CVi OO O ^ ^ I 1A m o VN + UN Q> • u bO o cd t n o^ C o. ^pi I ^ 4> •H O rt *i <0 43 3)t-i ^ '(9 43 43 C 3 U (ll H p. CO H w\ •n 13 (D 00 H C m •H 4» O m tH +> m e o o -fl nJ fL, H «H •H -P O o u •3 0) (DO.® t> 0) ® "H O Q) e-t H 0) >4 ■p to c «H 1 o O •H e +> 0) t« § O o SE rH o 0) o o •H -P o W a> C •H H 0) o «> p. > o A at 1 5 . s UN CM «a CM (D C O -H O H •^ U Oi •^ 0) o o CM * _ > "2 O t9 1J^^ o CM n> fH <0 J O to 0) « •ri (0 O H •H 4 t:3 0) a> (D o > 42 <»4 H T) O u ^ bO

.rj CM ■UN •.rH O bO g ® O t4 O -ri a> rH rH I CnO €■8 2 C -P o p. y © 3 a> 5 O H ^ o S lA ^1 © 4* CO © CM H '3 O CM 0\ o \A JSd CM O (i tE!\A © rr\ CtJsO CM lA oo CO o \A H lA O o CM o NO vO CM O .. • CM| -'s^ « ^■v.. • CM| a ^"cJ Pi vO • o X) •ri • o © O • VA TJ c~ n o H © CM O CM Cd (M 5a 1 3 1^ © 1 © 1 4> 1 » 1 S^ 2c^ g 2; CM 2S »4 a U CM "5m3 oivo O vO nO OvO TJ O © 1A © Q) -ri O H C} •H « © n o © a > A St l4 -P © rH a © ?T( VA,0 CM cit P g ^"Sl 43 4* -rJ . 43 So (4 -rt © 0) d ^ > lA CM H NO I CO H P4 CM » I lU 0) o § m •b $ 1

O 10 T-4 43 05 ri O O -rl efl Pk H *M 0) •H ra -a g o +> »^ 2 9<, ® Q) ig 6-t "O »H -P 4:> >4 43 -P m 'O « Xi • O 0 c 6H H >rl 1 ^ o Xf\ m fl) -H O H 03 0) Q o o 43 0 - o o\r\ © 6 <^ H CM :§ O H vO I CO * O \rv H 6o A » 0> 0) ^ - c c o o •g, o CM 43 CM 6 J3 o 1 •» 0) 0) 43 43 bO'H > C •> ar bo our in barr e abo •H H 2 TJ Q) 0 nj > nH h^^ Jl BJ « -H So ti e ^ P. h 43 a) "N-P 43 V 0) 0 gu Q) +J 43 CO o .> (1> el ^ 0) 3 :a "S ffl oo ^ 0. :g^ O-UN H •k 3 fe H "3) (0 H a •p oS U B X >w^ (1) •r«H 0} •.> 0 -ri U 0 0 t. 0-— 0 ^1 ^ 43 +3 0 s V 8 ^-S (D C 11: •H - 43 c 0 0) 0 ■P © -o S 0 iH CM H B -H 0 0 J 0) H ^ © (0 H ,Q XJ 0) § CO H fi (D nl - > 14 X ^ to 0) 0 5 - 6*^ > 0 0 a-H H (« tS'c^ "6) Si O 4» 43 O 04 aJ -H CO o 43 u so H UN « rH H CM «n o CM t •ri a> r-J gj 00 H \A I Xf\ V\ in a vO CM| • (34 • •8 t*\ 0 c« H (4 (4 0 • EH O to -H +J ID 6 O O -H nJ EU i-l © «Jt "O -H -H O •« -P -P 6 O Q> O d 3 -P 0^ 43 H P. p. 01 © 00 CM H O \A + CM 00 ^0 o H I O TJ \A C (d w VJ O •H •P O © §1 o ft© • •> "H C O +:> o CM 3 ^ oo H i o o M3 © o •3 O §3 X> -P •H C m © to +> o o a, ft o CO CM o • t— .-sr • m CM U r-\ »4 -p o ^ P o ;q c« e o o O U § 0) bO •H -P O W •H -P Pi H «H •H ■P I O U CM 6H tS fl) t3 o tJ o e ta a> o H © tn o o CO XA I t-- XA o \A -St CM o CVJ I 0) • OVA 4> O U U '^■^ ffl Q '^ % o c •H -H >4 H 0) 0) 6 m O.T3 ••> 3 ■LA ••« • +* ^ O 0\A VA e rH t d 0 fl) 4* b 0 H ^ 0 to t< 43 •V 4) 0 Q> bp4J ^ S?d CO 00 \AH NO I ^ XA I 12; ^OD \A 43^ o O % fl « Q) O Vl rH •H 3 3 .s rA CO CM VA I «n rA vO CM VA I CM CA CM ^ »4 —\ CM g fA « O I O u §-rl 4> ■P (d (0 to f4 si PA 0\ CM VA I 0 H CM CA «n CA rA «n • VA • M3 • vO • CN 0 H 0 H ^ r< 0 CM J«S1^ M^ U J*)'^ 0) 1 «0 1 e 1 0) 1 » !25 ftoo C)VA 2S OVA OVA 2^ iL 0) to X « o o I en (1> O Eh tJ > « $ •«4 -O tH t« 4f> -P <: > «H 1 o-»-^, (0 u 0) ^^ H o (0 •> to a ^15 3 iH 8 CM ^ ••d 0)

> CM o w \r\ U (tf CM IS ^ CM I • o ^ ir\ -=t C»N CM XA I o s fe •^f^ 4 20 I o -St EH CO i22g !3 1^ I H « P H ■P c o u u •H 0) ^ •rt n CO o CD -p H ■P I o p., © ^ >< -p +» 5 J} ,<" «ij x3 ch o 0) u O '^ig'S, ■p U 0 O 0 (0 u> 0 (D .s ^ U H of •0 0) S % Tl §:d 'J3 0 p. ^ T^ ■p 0) ■p :i t> 0 0 0 0' 6 •§ a) 0 0 3 vO OJ NO I o St CM CVJI p5x£J ■P • m ■^ \i\ O CO cvj lA I 0) VO I ^r\cM VO I eg H cv) (*\ CM A « O lA O \A evil CM CM vO • Os Q r^ H «n -^ • lA CM « CM • CM 0 H it 0 0^ 0 o-\ :* :^ W S •H 1 4) 1 2« d) la 0 S Pt-B > 4J ^ vi a ^ o S o ^ (d e a> y H c^ « 2 •H Jh ■H ■P o n •H +1 0} o 6 u O ^■^ •P -H O ^J ^g O 4J ^4 O Ph p. • ,_^ cu 0) 1 -3 » — ' "^ ;:5^i P< 0) -ScS • 1 ^'■^ •g^ .c • 3 ftfl S55 ^1 00 •*3 ^ p fl VI i-s o e -p a> _ rt 1 H CT\ CVJ UN I ■UN ^" Oi U ■p o Q> H 0.-P •H •^ Of) •P P g e a> c o 1-1 CVJ O UN CVJ CVJ CO UN CVJ vO I (n UN UN O CJ CVJ :^ • CVJ • »*N O CVJ O f»N a ^ a 1 ^<» A5 s Q) a (h\A ^^UN OUN OUN cvj| • UN (tj -::^ ^ • o OUN o r- a J Pi 1 J«! +» u fl) •rl 0 ^ o ,Q rt g e-i "a 0.p •H -H 49 3 -3 «i5 3 (D A3 fn g ?) O c3 ^ H -P -l g i I I d *=* P •H -P O 0) 7-1 -P CO E U o -3 «> Oi H VI •H +> o ■a o u u u I P4 CD 0) © •O Chi "B © ■^^^-^ © I © c o vog cv) 8« © -S O H U devi wer © o © o u ••> •H J3 •P s P -P 1^© r, § o > ^^ §5 © © O c« > \r\ 5 ^^0 r^ cd HO IS ^ e ju ines O n +> m m \r\ © ©•3 g ^3 C H O H U H •Eii. •^». u © !3g al de powe way o © ^8 "5^^ ^ o. © .^i?" u3 © ^ -p rl (h -P © © 43 (4 i^n% ©^ u 5 © © 6 -P ©6-9 •tS H g SH o © a H i4 H rt P © © © © u u > - > - O © >• o58 - OXTV \A -Q CM §§ - 0\A H cfl cr> «*> al CM O Q. H rt O ^ 3 I ©Oh ft o 3 f4 10 p. •k S 00 © © 0 q -H •as M 4* -3 h •H ti h b 0 nl tow Irre bott iS'^^iJ^ 5 ^ s CO O CM CO oo O CM -=t CM © 10 3 ^ s oo -^CM 5 p O 43 © CO O CM 0\ t>- CM CM UN \A UN o s 7^ «n r»% o o o MOO O CM « 3! © O ^ I r^ UN % C^\ CO CM UN I CM •f M H CM u 0) « o M o o 4> I ■P CO U t4 -P (3 o ^ oj e (D bO (m H O^ -a 0) O -p f< o PL, P, O Eh 'o I (h I 43r^ •P -P P4 Q) m © •P c ^ 0) m o (D TJ a o •rl 8 H .1^ On On CM XA t <*> *n f^ XA H I B H I 2; CM O "^a-s 1 1 1 h •t 0> u ■p 0) ^ s k •^ en 1 Q •V 0) ;! 51 •H ^. o iH s -P H O 9 J3 H > o o 0 0) ■H O. CO >• H -P ^ _ON -;t CM CM o\ -3 -a (0 ^ fe ca 0) (0 (C HiCMl 25 Nine streams with productive potentials ranging from me- dium to large are considered quite suitable for sea lampreys, despite the presence of limiting factors (Footnote 2, Table U). Five of these streams are large, frcmi 30 to 12^ feet in vddth in the areas examined. The remaining U streams average frcm 7 to 20 feet in vddth. Electrical control devices are reccmmended for all but the Gooseberry River, Control in this stream will be diffi- cult due to its large size, and the presence of a reversing current resulting from lake seiches. The geology, surface features, and stream characteristics of Lake County are, in general, similar to those described for Cook County, Control operations vrlll be aided by the relative accessi- bility of all streairis. Installation and operation of devices will be made difficult by rapid fluctuation in water levels in almost all of the streams involved, A number of the streams examined in Lake County would probably have been bypassed if the survey had taken place during a period of dry weather. St. Louis Co\intyt Contains 29 streams (Fig. 6), at least 6 of which are unsuitiEle for sea lamprey spawning because of the presence of barriers, steep gradients, industrial wastes, etc. Nineteen streams are considered to be marginal (Table $). Spawning gravel for a varying number of nests is present, but other factors are likely to be vuifavorable enough to obstruct spawning efforts. Several of these streams flow vmderground in the business district of the City of Duluth. Barriers may be present in the underground portions. The mouths of these streams are not located easily. Nine of the streams examined flow into the St. Louis Ri- ver. Twenty streams are located within the Duluth city limits. Four streams with productive potentials ranging from me- dium to large are considered to be quite suitable for sea lampreys despite the presence of partial barriers, irregular bottom, and the possible limiting effects of low oxygen in the St, Louis River (Footnote 2, Table 5), Three of these streams are medium sized, averaging from 15 to 20 feet in width in the sections examined. The remaining stream averages $0 feet in width. Electrical control de- vices are recommended for these streams. Control in one stream will be hindered by the presence of a reversing current, resulting from lake seiches. 26 27 n 1^ O Q) J3^ i a p u o o 0) o (0 ■a u to t Q} W) •rl «n (V, H H X I (d a> w ^ S CO N H O \A o O 4) O "O M H O 4* O O o CM C^ o o CM 0) H 6^ 0.1* 5B1A O o o t u •H U •P 1 IS Q,g o 51 CM JO H ■J3 o »n o NO CM it Wxr\ 28 n a> ^^ m p ll rt p H 0> o ■p (0 Q O 0) H ,0 •H (0 CO O bO ■P Q> I •H O (1< P4 O 6-4 "O •35 "O o On iH CM CM o o 0) a> I p u Q) H (1> O 6 if o H J' H\A XA • OJ 0 1 s 3 An M iH Q) 1 0) g OXA ^1 ^ • 00 IS a> o OS rn •UN I CM o CNJ + 3 O UN I ca o o Os rn UN I 01 o ev( VA ^ xt\ c- (D •H ra O +> '8 oj O ^ t< ■♦? -P 0) a. Q) > « p. 0) S9 H H 00 u\ s O (4 (D 6 u p< •s p. 1 fi poo O JDIA ® «J t>- « M (Q a> 5d 00 H CO o Vf\ 0\ ^4 0) 0) p 2 g CM I o -5^ o «n O rH Q> CJs ^1 a> el o «^ '3 w) a> !:« ^ UK'S 0 CM CM O I d) CKH CM H 00 CO CM o* ■lA 5.^ 30 0) o § w ■a u •H © U > o o o ^ S A< pH •« 0) ^ o UN H XfN (U 0) .Stf v^ 13 ^:£ Q) 0 ■j^l u 6 TJ •H ^ (D H lSg ^ cd 0 vU J^ Cd •H H Qj (0 U 0) 10 •P ^ « 0) 0 -P - 0 0 lAUN