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SPECIES FILICUM

LONDON :

v.. NEWMAN, PRINTER, DEVONSHIRE STREET,

BISHOPSGATE.

SPECIES FILICUM;

BEING DESCRIPTIONS OF THE KNOWN FERNS, PARTICULARLY OF SUCH

AS EXIST IN THE AUTHOr's HERBARIUM, OR ARE WITH

SUFFICIENT ACCURACY DESCRIBED IN WORKS

TO WHICH HE HAS HAD ACCESS:

ACCOMPANIED WITH NUMEROUS FIGURES:

BY

SIR WILLIAM JACKSON HOOKER, K.H.,D.C.L.

F.R.S., V.P.L.S., F.A.S., ETC.

DIRECTOR OF THE ROYAL BOTANIC GARDENS OF KEW.

VOL. I.

CONTAININ(i

GLEICHENIA — DICTYOXYPHIUM.
PLATES I. — LXX.

LONDON :

WILLIAM PAMPLIN, 45, FRITH STREET, SOHO SQUARE.

3I.DCCC.XLVI.

ROBERT BROWN, ESQ., D.C.L ,

MliMHER OF THE INSTITUTE,
VICE PRESIDENT OF THE LINN/EAN SOCHiTY,

&c. &c. &c.

My Deal' Sir,

Having enjoyed your fiiendship from the
eai'liest period of my botanical career, and derived
inestimable advantage from our fi-equent intercourse,
as well personal as by letter, I tnist I may be per-
mitted to put that friendship, of which I have so much
reason to be proud, on record, in the dedication of the
present work, which is indebted to your writings and
counsel, for much of what merit it may possess. Too
happy am I in any opportunity of assuring you that

I am,
With most sincere regard and esteem,
Your faithful and affectionate,

W. J. HOOKER.

Keic, Januarif 1, 184()'. ^

PREFACE

In submitting to the public a few short prefatory remarks
upon the contents of the present volume, it has appeared
to the author desirable to put his readers upon their guard
at the outset, lest the notice on the wrappers of the several
Nos. that the work might be expected "to comprehend all
the known species of Ferns," should prove ultimately the
cause of disappointment. He begs it therefore to be un-
derstood, that his meaning must be taken in the restricted
sense of including only

1. Such as he himself has had the opportunity of exa-
mining in a perfect state, whether recent or dried.

2. Those which have been universally received, and
which his own observations have tended to prove are
justly to be regarded, as distinct, judging principally from
figures ; and

3. A considerable number, of which he has seen neither
plates nor specimens, but which rest upon the authority of
botanists, of so high a character, that it would be unwar-
rantable to dissent, without some specific cause, from their
opinions.

Vm PREFACE.

Even thus, however, the difficulties he has had to en-
counter have been greater than would be easily imagined
by any one who had not actually undertaken a task of the
same kind. Nothing, he feels, could justify the conclu-
sions at which he has arrived, respecting the union of
many Genera and Species, but the power of examining
the almost countless specimens, preserved either in his
own peculiarly rich herbarium, or in the many others, as
well public as private, to which he has been allowed ac-
cess. The opportunities, thus afforded, of comparing the
same species, in its varied forms, and from different, in-
deed often from widely severed, localities, have proved of
the utmost utility. They have enabled him to arrive at
results, to which no other means of investigation could
have led. These results, he is aware, are but too likely to
startle other students of the same tribe of plants ; and in-
deed he is not ignorant that the so frequent junction of
supposed distinct species, in the following pages, has al-
ready called forth expressions of surprize from the pens of
able botanists. He needs, however, scarcely state, that such
an amalgamation of supposed genera and species has never
been made without the most careful investigation ; and he
must be allowed to add, that the further this investigation
has proceeded, the more is he convinced that the system
of curtailment ought to be, and will be, carried to a still
greater length. There is, perhaps, no family of plants
where more false species have been made, than among the

PREFACE. IX

Fems. Tliis is owing to three causes. 1. The difficulty
of accurately defining in words the highly varied forms of
these beautiful plants. 2. The often imperfect or incom-
plete specimens collected, especially of the larger kinds.
And 3. A too generally received opinion that the same
Fern is not likely to grow in two very remote portions of
the globe. In illustration of the last of these remarks, a
more striking instance can hardly be adduced than the
universally known Osmunda regalis of Linnaeus, which,
retaining its own name as an European species, has been
described as O. upectahilis in North America, O. speciosa
in Nepal, and O. Leschenaullii in the Neelgherries.

Innumerable examples of a similar kind might be
brought forward, and nothing can assist in rectifying these
errors but the opportunity of examining a large number of
.specimens from various habitats. The want of such op-
portunities has led botanists of high repute not uncom-
monly to counnit mistakes ; and the author will take the
liberty of adducing one or two instances which have re-
cently come before him ; in fact, so recently, that it was
only just as the concluding sheets of the present volume
were in the press, lie would not otherwise have failed to
notice some of the errors before.

While engaged on the genus Cystopteris, he received
the No. of Jacquemont's ' Voyage aux Indes Oricntales,

X PREFACE.

Partie Botanique,' containing the Ferns. On examining
it, to see if there were any individuals of the genus in
question, he found three ; viz., Cystopleris retusa, Decne.,
C. dimidiata, Decne., and C. squamata, Decne. The first
two were, happily, accompanied with figures, from which,
no less than from the excellent description, it was quite
clear that C retusa was identical with C. fragilis (an uni-
versally diffused species) ; while C. dimidiata is the Da-
valUa (Leucostegia) immersa of this volume (p. 157), The
C. squamatUy of which there is no delineation, and only a
brief distinguishing character, it was not in his power to
identify, and it is accordingly here placed among the Spe-
cies dubite, in the Addenda. Even its genus must remain
doubtful ; it may be (and standing next after C. dimidiata
it probably is) a Davallia (Leucostegia, Pres/), rather than
a Cystopteris.

The appearance of the ' Hymenophyllaceae ' of Dr. Presl
in England, exactly at the close of the printing of that
group of Ferns in this work, has given rise to some re-
marks upon that publication at p. 144, which will show
how widely at variance are the views, here propounded,
respecting Genera and Species, with those held by that
learned and indefatigable botanist. But scarcely had these
two veiy dissimilar arrangements of the tribe in question
come into circulation, than another appeared, from the
pen of the excellent Dr. Klotzsch of Berlin ; viz., * The

PREFACE. XI

Hymenophyllaceoi (and other Ferns of Equinoctial Ame-
rica', in which six "new species" are described. The first
of these might have admitted of some doubt, as to its be-
ing really new, from the general nature of the specific cha-
racter, no less than from its being referred to Neurophyllum
of Presl ; but the mention of Hostmann's Surinam plants
removes every difficulty, and identifies the Fern in question
with Trichomanes Jlorihundum (H. B. K.) noticed at p.
129. Neither is it even a variety, like the remarkable var.
&. {I. c), which, in the absence of more materials at the
time, had once been deemed distinct (the T. Vittaria of
De Cand. and Hook, in Lond. Journ. of Bot. i. p. 137, t. 5).

These statements are made from no invidious motive,
but simply to show that, without access to a most exten-
sive collection of specimens, from widely different locali-
ties, the best botanists, as has already been remarked, must
be liable to fall into mistakes of this kind, and therefore to
multiply the difficulties of the study, by loading the system
with dubious or wholly untenable species. It has become a
necessary, but in many respects an ungrateful task, thus to
confine the species, so far as practicable, within due bounds;
but this is one main object the author has kept before him.
His extensive herbarium has, however, necessarily pre-
sented many new forms ; and these, and other hitherto
unfigured ones, he has been anxious, wherever it could be
done, to illustrate by faithful representations, executed on

xil PREFACE.

as small and economical a scale as is compatible with ac-
curacy. The delineations will often be useful to the stu-
dent where words are not sufficiently intelligible.

It has been the aim of this publication, to give all the
references to good figures that could be admitted, consist-
ently with its limited nature ; always preferring those
which are the fullest and most accurate. Many that exist
in the books of the older authors, as Sloane, Plukenet and
even Plumier, are often purposely omitted (though quoted
by other writers) as only tending to mislead. The fructi-
fication and venation were, at the time they wrote, too lit-
tle regarded j and every botanist is now aware that, in a
multitude of instances, some species of one genus resem-
ble others of different genera, in almost every particular
save this, the most important one.

There remains, what is no less the pleasm*e of the author
than his duty, to acknowledge the much assistance derived
from various botanists and travellers, in the services ren-
dered to the present work, by their most liberal communi-
cation of specimens. Their names will be found recorded
under the individual species. Hence, he trusts, it cannot
be considered necessary to enumerate them in the present
place, separately. To Dr. Wallich, however, he feels that
something is due, beyond the bare mention of his name on
such occasions. It was the disinterested liberality of that

PREPACK. Xlll

highly distinguished naturalist which led, in the first in-
stance, to the publication of the ' Icones Filicum ' by the
present author, in conjunction with Dr. Greville. With-
out the same rich materials for working upon, this Synop-
sis would never have been undertaken. It is not, however,
for specimens alone that obligations are in this instance to
be acknowledged. The same most kind friend still further
communicated a copy of all his own and Dr. Roxburgh's
valuable MSS. on the subject of Indian Ferns ; which
proved of eminent service, taken, as they were, in many
cases, from entire fronds of the plants, which cannot be
preserved in the herbarium. More than ordinary collec-
tions have also been received Irom the Royal Herbarium
of Berlin, from the late Mr. Griffith, Mr. Gardner, Dr.
Wight, Mrs. Geul. Walker, Rev. Mr. Colenso, Professor
Wm. Jameson, H. Cadogan Rothery, Esq, &c. &c. &c.

The author's plates and descriptions of the ' Genera oi
Ferns,'* (genera constituted by the most distinguished
Pteridologists), have been some lime before the public.
He there declined pledging himself to the adoption
of these, or any particular portion of these, genera j
on the ground that " a more accurate examination ot
the several species of each genus would probably enable

* ' Genera Filicum ; ' ov Illustrations of the Genera of Ferns, chiefly
from tbe coloured drawings of ibe late Francis Bauer, Estj.

XIV PREFACE.

him to form a more exact judgment on this head than was
then in his power." Increased study has, he must confess,
strengthened his conviction that those Botanists, who have
showed themselves peculiarly addicted to multiplying
genera, have not always taken Nature for their guide, nor
succeeded in eliciting a simple and tangible arrangement.
Yet have their close and accurate investigations thrown a
new light upon the study of Ferns, a light which cannot
fail to aid the researches of future writers, and which
ought, therefore, to be gratefully acknowledged. In these
remarks, Dr. Presl and Mr. John Smith are particularly
alluded to. Dr. Presl was the first, at least in point of
publication, to carry out the vast extension of the Genera,
and his is the completest Catalogue that has yet appeared.
In the following pages, a middle course has been pursued,
between the highly multiplied genera of these two authors,
and the too meagre enumerations of Willdenow, Sprengel,
Link, Kunze, and others.

The author cannot conclude these observations without
the expression of a most earnest wish, that our illustrious
countiyman, whose name stands in the Dedication of this
work, had pursued to the fullest extent, those views, relat-
ing to the genera of Ferns, which have been, as far as they
go, admirably detailed in the ' Plantee Javanica3 Rariores,'
p. 2, &c., and the ' Prodromus Florae Novae Hollandiae.'

PREFACE. XV

They are sufficient to show, that, liad he given his mas-
ter-mind to the complete development of the subject, little
would have remained to his successor, but to tread closely
in his steps.

SPECIES FILICUM.

Oiu). L — FILICES.*

Capsules (Sporangia) sessile or pedicellate, free, rarely
connate, one-celled, bursting variously, and various in ti^\-
ture, Irequcntl}' surrounded by a more or It^ss complete elas-
tic rhtfj, generally collected in definite clusters [sori), arising
from veins on the under side of the leafy portion or frond, or
at the margin, more rarely collected into si)ikes or racemes
distinct from the frond, naked, or furnished with a ^^eculiar
membranaceous scale [htdusinm, inrolncrc) which covers the
sori wholly or in part ; or, sometimes the margin is dilated
into this membranaceous covering, and is interrupted or C(m-
tinuous. Seeds or spornlen generally very small and inimer-
ous, varying in form. — Fronds with circinate vernation, plane,
herbaceous. Trunk or root- stock perennial, often creej/int/,
frequently, in the tropics a fid in the southern hemisphere,
arborescent.

Ferns arc found in almost every part of the globe where vascular
vegetation exists at all ; but they chiefly abound in moist and warm
climates. Ihey have a ))eculiar habit, by which they are more easily
to be recognized than described, differing greatly from all other vege-
tables, generally exhibiting the most graceful forms, and varying in
size from the liumble Trichomanes or Hymenophyllum to the noble
Tree-Ferns ol' the equatorial Forests.

SuBORD. I. — GLElCHENIACEiE, Br.

Sori dorsal, naked, subglobose, formed of few, sessile,
sometimes immersed capsules, which have a transverse or
obliquely transverse, complete, elastic ring, bursting vertically
(from the apex). — Tropical ; or extra-tro])ical only in the
southern hemisphere, of a harsh and rigid texture, sivtj)le
or, generally, with copious, dichotomous branches, and gem-
mte in the axils, the ultimate branches pinnatijid. Hook.
Gen. Fil. Tab. 39 and 41, A. B. C.

* Tn this Order will be included Osmundacece and Opliioglossc<c. The
work, indeed, is intended to include species of all the genera ligurcd an<l de-
scribed in tlic author's ' Genera Filicum,' puhlislicd in one vobune, willi
numcroiis coloured plates, many of the drawings of wliicii were executed I>v
the late Francis Bauer, Estj.

U

2 I'LATYZOMA. — GLEICHRNIA.

1. Platyzoma. Br.

Sort of very few (2 — 3) sessile capsules (mixed with a pul-
verulent substance, Br.), soon deciduous, placed at the apex
of the simple veinlets, and concealed by the singularly revo-
lute margins of the pinna;. — Rootstock creeping. Fronds
coispUose, glabrous, erect, unbranched, linear, pmnati/id.
Pinnae oi^al, sessile, vert/ concave. Hook. Gen. Fil. tab. 41. C.

1. V.microphyllum. Br. Prodr. Nov. Hol.p.160. Guillem.
Ic. PI. Amir. Rar. t. 13. Presl. tab. 1./. 4.

Hah. Tropical New Holland, Mr. Brown. Madagascar? firyVr.— This
genus might perhaps, without violence to nature, he united to the following.

2. Gleichenia. Br.

Gleicheiiia, Calymella and Mertensia, Presl. Gleichenia and Mer-
tensia, J. Sm. and most authors. Platyzouiatis sp., Desv. Dicranop-
teris, Bernh. Sticherus, Presl.

Sort of few (2 — 4) sessile, superficial or immersed, deciduous
capsules, situated on a lower exterior veinlet. — Tropical or
Australasian Ferns, procumbent, dichotomously branched: the
branches simple or pinnate ; pinna pinnatijid, the segments
small, ovate or orbicular, or larger, oblong and linear, plane
or concave, the margin sometimes singularly revolute, gla-
brous or chaffy, \eins pimiate, often immersed and obsolete,
simple or forked. Hook. Gen. Fil. tab. 41 , A. B. ; and tab. 39.
Subgen. I. EuGLEicHENiA. Sori at the apex of a veinlet, capsules
often sunk. iSegments of the tdtimate branches ovate or orbi-
cular. .Australasian or mountains of Java. Gleichenia and
Calymella, Presl.

1. G. Spelunca, Br.; glabrous, fronds simple or forked and
dichotomous pinnate, pinna? pinnatifid the segments semio-
vate plane membranaceous glaucous beneath. (Tab. I. f. A.)
— Br. Prodr. p. 160, {not of Guilleniin).

Hah. Port Jactson, N. S. Wales, Brown: Sicb. Syn. Fil. n. 87: and
Tasmania, R. Gunn, Esq., n. 34. — My specimens of this plant vary ex-
tremely in size and in the greater or less degree of ramification ; yet they
seem all to agree with Mr. Brown's essential character.

2. G. rupestris, Br.; glabrous, fronds forked or dichotomous,
branches pinnate, pinna? pinnatifid the segments rounded or
obtusely subquadrangular coriaceous the mar-gins thickened re-
curved glaucous beneath, capsules 3 — 4 exserted. (Tab. 1. B.)

Hab. Port Jackson, N. S. Wales, Broicn, R. Cunningham. — My only
specimen of this has larger more obtuse segments of the pinnae, and is of a
much more coriaceous character, than the preceding.

3. G. alpina, Br.; fi-onds dichotomous proliferous, branches
pinnate, pinnae pinnatifid, segments orbicular fornicate be-

lil.KICHrCNIA. 3

iioatb, ihe adult ones naked, younger ones and raeliis densely
clothed with lenuginous scales and down. — Br. Prodr.p. 161.
Hook, et Grev. Ic. Fil. t. 58. Calymella, Presl.

Hab. Tasmania. Abundant on Mount Wellin<i^ton, and on the western
mountains, Broun, R. Gunn, Es(j. — A small species, readily distinguished
by its elosely jdaeed orbicular or semiglobose segments, the younger
shoots densely clothed with rusty-coloured tomentum mixed with scales.

4. G. po/i/podioides, Sm. ; fronds dichotomous, branches
pinnate, pinna) jnnnatifid, segments ovate glaucous beneath,
caj)sules 3 — 4 immersed forming a flat-topped sorus. — Sm.
Act. Taur. v. p. 4 J 9, and ix. / 10. Schk. Fil. t. 149.—^.
fronds more glaucous beneath. G. glauca, Sw. (not Mer-
tensia glauca, Sw.) G. gigantea, Kaulf.

Hab. S. Africa, probably chiefly on tlie mountains near the Cape Colo-
ny : at an elevation of from 1300 to 4500 feet, {Drege, Eklon and Zeyher).
— The younger fronds, and especially the partial and main rachis, are fre-
quently clothed with rusty down. Tlie sorus is a beautiful object, sunk
in a circular depression, which the three or four capsules exactly fil], de-
pressed at the top, and marked from the centre with radiated lines, formed
by the close proximity of the capsules and their bursting in the middle,
from the centre to the circumference.

5. G. micropJiylla, Br. ; fronds dichotomous divaricated,
branches pinnate, pinna) pinnatifid glabrous, segments ovate
or subrotund nearly ])laue, their margins slightly recurved,
capsules 3 — 4 exserted lax, branches and rachis clothed with
ferruginous chafly hairs. — Br. Prodr.p. 161. G. Speluncae,
Guillem. Ic. Plant. Aiistr. Par. t. 12. G. circinata ? Sw.

Hab. Port Jackson, Brown. Tasmania, Brown, R. Gunn, Esq. — If I do
not mistake this plant, the segments of the leaves are ovate as well as sub-
rotund, and it is distinguished from the following by the simply and slight-
ly recurved margins of the segments, so that the sori are more exposed to
view.

6. G.dicarpa, Br.; fronds dichotomous divaricated, branches
pinnate, pinna) pinnatifid, segments orbicular very fornicate
with a broad recurved margin, capsules 2 within the hollow
of the segment, branches nearly glabrous, rachis hairy. (Tab.
I. C.) — Br. Prodr. p. 261. G. microphylla, Sieb. Fl. Mi.vf.
n. 230.

Hab. Tasmania, Brown, R. Gunn, Esq. — This species is easily recog-
nized by the orbicular and almost saccate fomi of the segments.

7. G. setnivestita, Labill. ; fi-onds dichotomous divaricated,
branches pectinate, piruue pinnatifid, segments orbicular ovate
slightly concave, branches densely ferruginco-pubescent, ra-
chis with few stellated hairs, capsules (3 — 4 exserted, Labill.)
(Tab. II. A.)— Labill. Serf. Nov. Caled. p. 8, /. 11.

Hab. New Caledonia, Labillardiire. Malacca, Cuminy. — In many re-
spects agreeing with some states of G. microp/u/lla : and the slight differ-

n 2

4 GLEICHENIA.

ences mav probaMy be due to tlie tropical or subtropical countries where
alone this plant has been found.

8. G. hecistophylla, A. Cunn. ; fronds clichotomous divavi-
cated, branches pectinate, pinna? pinnatilid, segments orbicular
saccate, branches and racliis densely ferrugineo-pubescent,
capsules 2 sunk in the hollow of the segments. (Tab. 11. B.)
— A. Cunn. Nor. Zel. in Hook. Camp, to Bot. Mag. v. ii. p.
361. G. seraivestita, J. Sm. {not Lnhill.)

Hab. N. Zealand, R. and A. Cimninc/ham, Colcnso. — This seems to bear
the same relation to G.scmiirstila, that G. dicarpa does to G. micrnphyUa.

9. G. lonf/issima, Bl. ; "stipes dichotomous and the rachis
flat above, fronds bipinnatifid submembranaceous glaucous
beneath and slightly tomentosc, pinna) alternate linear-lan-
ceolate deeply pinnatifid, the segments linear obtuse, capsules
3 — 4 subglobose sessile." Bl. Fil. Jav. p. 250.

Hab. Moist woods, Java, Blume. — This author says its place is between
G. polypodioides and G. micrnphyUa : and he notes two varieties. 1 . fronds
white beneath with the segments larger. 2. fronds coriaceous ferrugineo-
tomentose beneath, the segments smaller, rachis with chaffy scales beneath.

10. G.viilcanica,V>\.; "stipes dichotomous terete at length
glabrous, fronds bifurcate bipinnatifid coriaceous glaucous
beneath, pinnules narrow-linear, segments orbicular cucullate
and reflexed beneath, rachis everywhere densely pubescent."
Bl. Fil. Jav. p. 251.

Hab. Lofty burning mountains of Java and Celebes, Blume. — With this
(as with the preceding) T am unacquainted. Mr. J. Smith refers it to G.
semivestita in his ' Enum. Fil. Philipp.'but Blume notices its great affinity
with G. alpina, and remarks that the common rachis is not tomeutose, but
altogether chaffy.

Subgen. 11. Mertensia, Willd. Sort near the middle or at the
forking of the veinlets. Capsules sessile. Segments of the fronds
linear or oblong, rarely ovate, larger than in the preceding group.
Mertensia, Sw. and others.

§ I. Stipes forked, branches hifinnate.

11. G. {Mertensia) glauca, Sw. ; primary pinnae opposite
oblong acuminate, its rachis above with an acute margin, se-
condary lanceolate acuminate mostly alternate deeply pin-
natifid, rachis flat without margin, segments linear oblong
subacute very glaucous beneath obtuse and slightly serrated
at the points glabrous or nearly so, capsules 3 — 5. (Tab.
III. B.) — Mertensia glauca, Sw. Syn. Fil. p. 164 and 390
{not Gleichenia glauca, Sw.) G. Japonica, Spr. M. pinnata,
Kunze, Anal. Pterid. p. 6.

Hab. Mountains, Japan (.Swar/^). Owhyhee, Macrae, Nightingale. —
My specimen, the same as the M. pinnata of Kunze, seems to me to ac-

GLKICIIKNIA. '>

colli so well with tlio iIfscrii)tion of Swaitz, tliiit I liavo liltlo liesilatioii in
referring il to the Mcrlensia ijlauca of that auliior.

12. G. giyantea^ Wall.; primary pinuai opposite oblong
acuminate, its rachis above with a slightly elevated very ob-
tuse margin, secondary lanceolate acuminate alternate deeply
])innatifid, segments oval oblong very obtuse entire with an
elevated crest at the base above forming an interru])ted mar-
ginal line to the rachis which beneath as well as the costa is
woolly scarcely glaucous, capsules 3 — 5. (Tab. III. A.) —
Wallich Cat. n. 157.

Hab. Nepal, Wallich. Assam, i»/>-,«. Mrtt-A. — Dr. Wallich has rightly
jiulgeil this to be a distinct species. It is remarkable lor the longitudinal
crests at the base of the segments on the upper side. At the setting on of
the primary pinnas is a collection of leafy deeply laciniated persistent scales,
which I presume included the gemma before its development, and which
probably is found in all ol the present section.

13. G. Bancroft ii. Hook.; primary pinna; opposite oblong
acuminate, its rachis above with a very acute margin, second-
ary lanceolate alternate deeply pinnatifid almost pinnated,
segments remote decurrent at the lower base linear obtuse en-
tire perfectly glabrous rather glaucous beneath, at the base
above slightly crested so as to form an interrupted margin to
the rachis, capsules 3 — 4. (Tab. IV. A.)

Hab. Jamaica, Sioartz, Dr. Bancroft. — This also seems specifically dis-
tinct from G. glauca, and is no doubt the fern without fructilication which
Dr. Swartz detected in Jamaica, and referred doubtfully to that plant.
Perhaps the Filix ta.vifonnis minor of Plum. Fil. t. 25, may be the same as
this, although Swartz has placed it amongjhis dubious Aspidia.

\'i. G. e.vcelsa, J. Sm.; primary pinnae opposite oblong acu-
minate, its rachis above with an acute elevated line, second-
ary alternate lanceolate acuminate deeply pinnatifid, segmiiits
linear-oblong obtuse glabrous slightly glaucous beneath, at the
base above with an elevated crest Ibnning a margin on each
side the furrowed rachis, cajisules 3 — 5. (Tab. l\'. 13.) — J.
Sm. Eiium. Fil. Philipp. in Hook. Journ. of Hot. iii. p. 420,
{icit/iont desoiptiou).

Hab. Lu(;ou, Cumin;/, (n. 2(>5). — Intermediate, as it were, between (t.
liancroflii and G. (jhjantea.

Obs. All the species of this group are large ferns, b — 6 feet long, in the
case of G. gitjanlea, according to Wallich, and probably in the others also,
" fonning impenetrable and extensive jungles." The caudex is very long
and creeping; the stipes at first forked, the branches of the forks bearing
doubly i)innale fronds, the ultimate jtinuic pinnalilid. The small juirlions
we see in our herbaria have- conse(|uiiilly litlle resemblance in stnulnre to
the following species; but the allinity would be more ajiparcnl if we yaw
entire specimens.

6 GLEICHENIA.

§11. Fronds dirhntomom (rarely simple ) 'pinnatifid : in other words the
leaf 1/ portion is not confined to the forked apices, but is decurrent more
or less upon the branched portion (^f the stipes. (See Tab. VI. — VIII).

15. G. Jlahellata, Br ; fronds two or three times cUchoto-
nious proliferous tlabclliform, branches lanceolate ascending-
caudate at the point pinnatifid, below pinnate, segments li-
near acute senated erecto-patent, capsules 1 — 4. — Br. Prodr.
p. 161. Labill. Sert. Nov. Caled.p. 9, t. 12.

Hab. New Holland and Tasmania, Brown, Gunn, Lawrence. New Ca-
ledonia, Labillardiire. Northern Island, N. Zealand, A. Cunnin-gham,
Colenso, Dr. Sinclair. — Fronds more or less harsh and rigid or soft and
membranaceous; in the former case the margin of the segments is revolute,
giving the latter a narrower appearance.

1(>. G. tencrn, Br. ; "fronds dichotomous proliferous, branch-
es lanceolate pinnatifid, pinnte (segments ?) linear entire di-
varicated slightly hairv, rachis scaly, capsules 3 — 5 cxserted
sessile." Br. Prodr. p. 161.

Ilab. Tasmania, Brown. — With this species I am unacquainted. It is
probably allied to the preceding.

17. G. Cunnhifjhami, Hew. MS.; stipes clothed with large
deciduous scales, fronds dichotomous flabellate, branches lan-
ceolate acuminate patent and falcato-recurved pinnatifid al-
most to the apex, below pinnate, segments rigid coriaceous
linear acute quite entire beneath glaucous and clothed with
copious deciduous hairs, capsules 2 — 1. (Tab. VI. B.) — G.
arachnoidea, A. Cunn. MS.

Hab. Northern Island, N. Zealand, A. (Junninyham, Colenso, Edyerley,
Dicffenbach. — Certainly near (f.Jlabellata, but very distinct. It is of an
extremely rigid habit, the fronds are of a thick coriaceous texture, the apex
of the branches not running out into a tail-like point, but pinnatifid to the
extremity, patent and falcato-recurved, very glaucous beneath, the seg-
ments quite entire. I have seen specimens only from New Zealand.

18. G. pedalis, Kaulf ; stipes and rachis with deciduous
chaffy scales, fi-onds dichotomous proliferous subflabelliform,
branches linear-lanceolate acuminate divaricate falcato-re-
curved or reflcxed pinnatifid, segments oblong broader at the
base nearly horizontal glabrous, the margins slightly recurved,
cai)sulcs 2—4. (Tab. MIU.^.)— Kaulf. Emim. Fil. p. 39.—
/3. frond glabrous beneath.

Hab. Chili, Chamisso, Bertero, Poeppiy (var. fi.). Valdivia, Bridyes (n.
803). Guinea, Richard (according to Kaulfuss). — This is a small species
about a foot high ; whence I presume its specific name; of a harsh, rigid
character, and of a singularly yellow hue when dry, as is the following. I
have never seen specimens but from the Pacific side of South America, al-
ways from Chili, and chiefly from the south of that country. Probably
Richard's species from Guinea, referred hither by Kaulfuss, is something
very diflerent.

GLEICHENIA. 7

li). G. crt/ptocarpa, Hook.; glabrous, fronds dicholomous
proliferous subflabcUiforni, branches broadly lanceolate acu-
niinato ascending or subincurvcd and falcate rigid pinnatifid,
segments linear acute patent the margins recurved concealing
the sori and almost meeting on the costa, capsules 1 — 4. (Tab.

VI. A.)

Hab. Plains near I.os Andes, Province of Valdivia (n. 802) and Cliiloc
(w. 20), Bndgcs. Falkland Islands, Lieut. Robinson. — The affinity of this
is with G. pt'dalis, but the habit and the direction of tlic branches of the
frond are diflercnt, and the revidution of the margin of the fertile segments
is such as to conceal the fructilication almost as in L'ryptoijramma. Brid-
ges says it is from 1 to 3 leet high.

20. G. acntifolia. Hook.; stipes glabrous, fronds about
twice dichotomous subilabelliform, branches broadly lanceo-
late acuminate somewhat falcate pinnatifid, segments linear
acute somewhat hairy beneath clothed on the costa and mid-
rib with ferruginous arislate scales, the margin recurved, ca])-
sulcs 2—4. (tab. YIII. A.)

Hab. Port Antonio and Port Famine, Patagonia, Capt. King^s Voyage. —
This is a small species, scarcely a foot high. In each of my specimens from
two localities the frond is only twice dichotomous, the branches or pedun-
cles which bear the forks or pinna; are short, and leafy chiefly on one side.
The colour in the dry state is dingy brown, below ferruginous from the
rusty scales on the rachis and costa.

Obs. The six preceding species might almost form a distinct group, having
apparently an upright stipes terminated by more or less flabclliform fronds;
and they do not seem to possess tlie straggling character of the remainder
of the section.

21. G. revoliita, H. B. K.; stipes and rachis especially be-
neath clothed with ferruginous ciliated chafiy scales, fronds
repeatedly dichotomous proliferous rigid coriaceous, branches
linear acuminate pinnatifid, segments ovate horizontal obtuse
glaucous beneath, the margins revolule, capsules 2 — 4. (Tab.

VII. A.) — Humh. et KNuth, A'or. Gen. Am. v. i. p, 29. Mer-
tensia angusta, Klotzsdi, in Herb, nostr.

Hab. Andes of Quito. Cold and elevated situations at Saraguru of Pa-
raraa and Pulia, between 9 — 10,000 feet above the level of the sea, Hum-
boldt, Jameson («. 40). — Stipes clothed with pale (bleached ?) fimbriated
scales. Under side of the fronds with ferruginous-brown ciliated scales,
which, in the perfect specimens, conceal the fructilication, and, almost en-
tirely, the glaucous underside of the frond.

22. G. .simple.}-, Hook.; sti])es naked, frond simple linear
rarely forked at the top acuminated and caudate at the point
deeply pinnatifid pinnate at the base, rachis densely clothed
beneath with ])ale ferruginous large findiriated scales, seg-
ments and pinnules oblicjuely patent linear-oblong broader at
the base obtuse entire very glaucous beneath, ca])sides 2 — 4.

8 GLEICHENIA,

Hook. Ic. PL r. i. /. 92. Mertensia simplex, Desih MS. in
Did. des Sc. Nat. wilh ajigure.

Hab. Andes of Quito, Prof. W. Jameson {n. 83), Cordillera of Peru, Ma-
thews (n. 1093). — A simple-fronded fern, in the adult state, is certainly a
phenomenon in the genus Gleichcnia, and 1 have more than once, espe-
cially on finding a specimen proliferous at the apex, with circinate infant
hranches, been disposed to consider it a state of the preceding species; I
can hardly say the infant state, because there is generally fructification in
abundance. 13ut on again directing atteniion to the subject, I am induced
to keep them distinct: — for I find that copious specimens of both plants
are very constant to their characters : and though I have received, at seve-
ral different periods, from Professor Jameson, the respective plants, they
arc unifomily the same; and by my correspondent sending the two with
different numbers, he appears not to entertain the sliadow of a doubt of
their being distinct. Of the present I may observe that 1 never find the
stipes otlierwise than free from chaffy scales : the scales on the rachis are
of a much paler colour than in the preceding, the frond is broader, the seg-
ments longer and narrower, the lower ones often rather remotely separated
from one another, the apex, when completely developed, caudate.

23. G. (Mertensia) pubescens,Wi\\d.; stipes round glabrous
or more or less chaffy, fronds repeatedly dichotomous leafy,
branches or ]iinnai lanceolate acuminate ascending pinnatifid,
segments horizontal or nearly so linear obtuse or retuse, be-
neath clothed with a dense pale ferruginous cobwebby sub-
stance in which the sori are immersed, capsules 4 — 5. — Mer-
tensia ferruginca, De.sr. — M.immersa, Kaulf. — Hook.et Grev.
Ic.Fil. t 15. M. velata, A'^e.- M. bifida, JVillcL— 13. glabra ;
fronds more or less glabrous beneath. M. furcata, Sw.^ Acros-
tichum furcalum, L. — Polypodium, Sw. Fl. Ind. Occ. — Plum.
Fit. t. 28. — y. pinna; or branches narrow.

Hab. Brazil and West Indian islands, frequent. Peru, Poppiy and Herb,
nostr. Guatemala, Mr. Skinner, and Rio, Mr. Gardner, (larger and bright
green in drying). — /3. West Indies, Sivartz. South Brazil, Sellow, Tivee-
tiie. — y. Guiana, Schombtm/k, n. 1039. — A very frequent fern in the tropi-
cal })arts of the New World, and, as far as I know, confined to the New
World ; growing at various elevations and in various exposures, and con-
s(!quently presenting different appearances. I cannot but thii>k that the
Mertensia furcata, Sw., is merely a glabrous or nearly glabrous variety of
G. jmbescens ; but I prefer retaining the latter name as the more charac-
teristic of the perfect state of the plant, which is remarkai^le for the cob-
webby like wool which clothes the whole underside of the frond with a pale
ferruginous substance. Martins indeed says, " it is distinguished from M.
furcata and others by the more patulous branches, by denser and more per-
sistent down, by fewer lacinia; less pectinalcdly disposed and decurrent on
one side the lower petioles or branches:" — but all tliese, as is evident from
the very numerous specimens before me, are very variable characters. It
seems to be a large species, and the copious dichotomies very leafy. — I
regret that I have not the figure referred to by Willdeuow for his M. bifi-
da ; Act. Holm, 1804, t.5. f . B : a species taken up by all authors, but which
from the description I should scarcely think different from G. jmbescens,
next to which it is placed.

GLKICHKNIA. 9

24. G. Mathensii, Hook. ; small (1| Coot) sli))cs terete or
nearly so glabrous, lioiul twice dichotoiiious ])artially leaiy
below the upper lork ami chielly on one side, branches lan-
ceolate I'alcate ])innatiiid, segments linear obtuse jnitent but
pointing ui)wards subglaucous beneath and clothed with deci-
duous cobwebby down, rachis subpaleaceous, capsules 3 — 4.
('J'ab. VU. B.)— M. lurcata, Mart, el Galeot. Fil. Mex.p. 17.
— jS. major ; })inna3 larger.

Hab. Peru, Mathtvs. Savannas and marshes, Cordillera of Oaxaca,
Mexico, at an elevation of 7500 feet above the level of the sea, Galeotti. —
fi. Dominica, Dr. Imray. — This may be a young state of G. ])ubescens, but
the fructilication is perfect. The fronds both in the Mexican and Peruvian
specimens are small, including the stipes and the creeping caudex scarcely
exceeding 1| foot high: but I rest the chief distinction on the leafy por-
tion extending so little way down from the apex: or, to make mysell' per-
haps more intelligible, the Irond itself is only twice forked, in which respect
it differs greatly from the ])receding species.

25. G. [Mcrle))fiia)farinosa, Kaulf.; "frond pinnate, gem-
ma! abortive, pinnte (branches) petiolate geminate lanceolate
deeply i)innatifjd, segments linear obtuse beneath ochrace-
ous-1'arinose, capsules 4, costa beneath and stipes paleaceous."
Kuuze, Analect. Pierid. p. 6, t. 3.

Hab. Trinidud, Sieber. — This i)lant is unknown to me except by Kunze's
figure and descrii)tion. I have ])laced it here from its great affinity with
my O. Mathcwsii. It is, indeed, owing to its prolifert)us propensity from
the axil of the main dichotomy that it becomes, as characterized l)y Kunze,
pinnate : so that the frond exactly corresponds with 31. MatJuusU : ami the
only difference seems to be that the latter species has the underside clothed
with deciduous cobwebby down, the present with an oehry farinaceous sub-
stance.

26. G. OuJt i/hetisis!, Hoo'k.; uj)per part of the stipes much
compressed and winged with 2 elevated ciliated lateral lines,
frond 3 or 4 times dichotomous lealy, branches lanceolate acu-
minate incurved pinnatifid, rachis clothed jjrincipallv at the
margin with chally ciliated ferruginous hairs, segments linear
horizontal broad at the base tapering towards the point acute
loosely cobwebby on the costa and veins beneath, capsules
2—4.

Hal). Byron's Bay, Owhyhcc, Macrae. — AMicd, especially in tlie hairy
rachis, to the following species, G. lauffipinuala ; but the pinna-, or ultimate
branches, are much shorter and the segments on the lower forkings of the
branches are as long as in the ultimate ones. It seems to be a large plant,
the branches or iiinnee 2 inches to 2tV inches broad, changing tea dark rusty
brown colour in drying.

27. G. loiKjipiiDiata, Hook.; upper part of the stijxjs much
comprijssed hispid at the margins, frond twice dichotomous,
branches of the first fork very short with 3 — 4 ])airs of une-
qual segments, branches or pmna3 of the upj)er fork 2 — 2^ feet

10 GLEICHENIA.

long falcato-iiicurvcd lancecjlate acuminate deeply pectinato-
pinnatifid, rachis clothed with ferruginous chaffy hairs, the
segments linear horizontal obtuse or cmarginate, the recurved
margins and base beneath clothed with ferruginous hairs, sori
abundant, ca])sules 2 — 3.

Hal). Surinam, Dr. Hostmann, n. 238; — My solitary specimen of this is
confined to the upper portion of a stipes with a twice-forked frond : the low-
er fork or dichotomy is not an inch long, but the branches or pinnae of the
upper fork are between 2 and 3 feet long, copiously and beautifully pecti-
nato-pinnatifid, 3 inches in diameter. It has perhaps the longest pinnte of
any known species.

28. G.Jlagcllaris, Spreng.; stipes rounded "chaffy" {Spr.)
at length smooth, fronds re])eatedly dichotomous, branches
clongato-lanceolate pinnatifid, segments linear-lanceolate ob-
tuse very glaucous beneath and there at the base of the costa
clothed with ferruginous wool. — Mertensia flagellaris, Bory.
M. muricata, Sieher.

Hab. Mauritius, Sichcr, Syn. Fil. n. 18, et Fl. Mixt. n. 277, Mr. Tel-
fair, Bory, Bojei-. — A distinct and well marked species, the narrow leafy
fronds copiously dichotomous, the lower branches spreading, the under side
singularly glaucous. None of my specimens possess fructification, although
I have many of them.

29. G. {Merte)isia) hevigata^ Willd. ; stipes rounded or
nearly so with a marginal wing on each side, frond 3 or 4 times
dichotomous leafy, branches spreading, ultimate ones or pin-
nae lanceolate acuminate pinnatifid, segments linear obtuse
or refuse glabrous or slightly cobwebby at the costa paler but
not glaucous beneath, capsules about 4. — G, Javanica, Spr.
Sticherus la3vigatus, Pr.

Hab. 5a\n {Willd.), Chas. Millett, Esq. — This comes near the preceding
but is truly distinct, and has broader pinnae and narrower segments. There
is an evident narrow wing on each side the stipes.

30. G.ferruginea, Bl.; "stipes dichotomous rounded gla-
brous, branches above slightly channelled, fronds geminate
lanceolate submembranaceous deeply pinnatifid beneath clo-
thed with rusty down, segments linear rather obtuse, capsules
about 6 globose sessile." Bl. Fil. Jav. p. 249, [not Mertensia
fcrruginea, Desv.)

Hab. Mountain woods, Java, Blume. — The author observes of this that
it differs from Gleichenia immersa, Hook. & Grev. {G. fubescens of this
work), in its semipinnatifid branches.

31. G. vestita,^\.; " stipes dichotomous paleaceous plane
above, fronds bifurcate deeply pinnatifid decurrent on the
stipes coriaceous glaucous beneath, segments half-lanceolate
obtuse the margin revolute, somewhat pubescent on the cos-
ta beneath, capsules 4 — 5 subglobose sessile, rachis densely
chaffy beneath." Bl. Fil. Jav. p. 249.

. ULKICHENIA. 11

Uab. Lofty mountains of Java, lilume. — "Appears to diffev from (i. Ja-
vanica, Spr. {Merlensia IcBvigata, Willd.) in the sliorter and more obtuse
segments of the frond, glaucous beneath." May not this be G . Jlmjcllaris P

32. G. bifurcatay lil.; "stipes dichotomous subpaleaceous
plane above, fronds biiurcate or dichotomous deej)ly pinnati-
fid even on the dichotomy (of the branches) of tlie stipes de-
current submembranaceous green beneath, segments Hnear
obtuse or abrupt and emarginate downy on the costa beneath,
rachis beneath sparingly paleaceous." Bl. Fil. Jav. p. 250.
— &. plant everywhere quite glabrous. G. bifurcata, J. Sm.
Enum. PL Pltilipji. hi Hook. Journ. of Bat. v. iii. p. 420,

Hab. Java, on the niounUiin Buran<>rang, Blumc. — ^. INIalaeca, Cuming,
H. 377. S. America, in the Caracas, Linden, n. 77. — It is extremely difficult,
without authentic specimens or figures, to determine the exact species in-
tended by autliors of this genus. Mr. J. Smith may be correct in referring
Cuming's plant (w. 377) from Malacca, hither: but as my specimens at
least have not the slightest trace of down, I have ventured to make a vari-
ety of it, and even to consider a Glexchenia distributed in Linden's collec-
tions from Caracas to be the same. It differs from Cuming's specimens
only in being larger, taken, it would appear, from a more vigorous plant. —
Of the original species of Blume, that author observes that it differs from
his G. vcstila in the segments of the fronds not being decurrent upon the
branches, in their being narrower, longer and of a thinner texture, and in
the rachis being sparingly chaffy.

33. G. hirta, Bl.; " stipes dichotomous nearly round, branch-
es slightly compressed, fronds dichotomous deeply pinnatifid
even on tlie dichotomy (of the branchlets) half-deciuTent co-
riaceous glaucous beneath, segments linear obtuse serrulate
at the apex cobwebby and (sub)-tomentose at tlie costa be-
neath, rachis with chaffy hairs, capsules 3 — 5 subglobose ses-
sile." Bl. Fil. Jav. p. 250.

Hab. Woody mountains of the Moluccas, Blume.

34. G. rujinerris, Mart.; " stijie rounded, frond repeatedly
dichotomous glabrous beneath, petioles roimded a})terous, seg-
ments from a broad base linear, the costa beneath clothed with
rusty down, capsules (short pyrifonn) beneath the tomcntum
6—8." Mart. Crypt. Brazil, p. 111.

Hab. Minas Geraes, Brazil, Freireiss, (Mart.) — The above is all the ac-
count that Martins has given of this plant.

§ III. Stipes simple and bearing simply forked ■pinncB (see Tab. V. A.J; or
dichotomous, the branches zigzag, bearing alternate branchlets each with
simply forked, or only one pair of, pinna:. Segments never decurrent.

35. G .{Mertensia) f/lni/ce,sceii,<i,ViiW(\.; stipes terete, branch-
lets with a decurrent line below the frond each terminated by
a pair of lanceolate ]nnnatifid pinna) glabrous or nearly so
glaucous beneath, segments linear entire obtuse emarginate,

12 C.LKICHENIA.

capsules 8 — 10. — M. pectinala, Willd. — Langsd. et Fisch.
If. Fit. f. 30. M. dichotoma, Sw. {non Willd.) M. Brasili-
ana, Dcsr. M. canescens, Kaulf. M. emarginata, Raddi,
Fil. Jhasil, 1. 6. M. Ilcnnanni, Hook.et Grev. Ic. Fil. t. 14
{(wciinling the sytwntjins). — 13. pinna) beneath clothed with
ferruginous cobwebby down.

Hub. Frequent throughout Brazil and in S. America and the West In-
dies generally. Guatemala, 5/«'wn<"r. Mexico, Galentti — /3. Bahia, (//erft,
iwslr.) — I greatly erred in referring this to the G. Hermanni of Mr. Browu
{G. dichotoma, Willd. and this work), from which it is at once distinguished
by the absence of the pair of pinnules at the base of the forkings of the stipes.
The character of the species is indeed very peculiar, and I do not know any
with which it is likely to be confounded. It is, as other species are, liable
to vary in the size of the pinnre and in their relative length and breadth,
and slightly in pubescence. The whole plant is so well marked that the spe-
cies might with propriety form a section of itself: the following however
may be considered a more simple form of the same section.

3C. G. nervosa, Kaulf.; caudex creeping, stipes terete short
simple bearing a frond consisting of one pair of broadly ovate
acute pectinato-pinnatifid pinnte, segments long linear nar-
row coriaceous acute nearly horizontal glossy and marked
with prominent veins above, the margin revolute, glaucous be-
neath and densely clothed with rusty touientum among which
the capsules 3 — 4 in a sorus are imbedded. (Tab. V. A.)

Hab. Brazil. St. Catherine's, Chamisso, Sclloiv, Capt. Deecheij. — A most
distinct and well marked and beautiful si)ecies, and as far as I know only
hitherto discovered at St. Catherine's of Brazil.

§ IV. Stipes repeatedly di- or trichotomous, the ultimate branches bearing
simply forked pinna : a pair of jnnnce also arise from the base of the
di- or trichotomy of the branches {not of the frond). Segments never
decurrent.

37. G. [Mertensia) dichotoma, Willd.; stipes rounded, ul-
timate branches with a i)air of ]nnnae and a pair also at the
base of the di-trichotomy, pinna; lanceolate acuminate i)in-
natifid, segments linear obtuse or emarginate glaucous be-
neath glabrous or nearly so, lower external ones generally the
largest often again pinnatifid, capsules 10 — 12. — Sdikahr,
Fil.t. 148 {e.xcelleiit). Mart. Crypt. Brazil, p. 111. Langsd.
et Fisch. Ic. Fil. t. 29, [excl. sijn. of Swartz). Sieher, Syn.
Fil. n. 20. Mertensia discolor, Schrad. — Mart. M. Sieberi,
Presl. Polypodium dichotomum, Thunh. Jap. f. 37. G. la-
nigera, Dott, {according to J. Stn.) Sticherus laniger, Presl.
G. Hermanni, Br. Prodr. />. 161 {not of Hook, et Grev.) Mer-
tensia Hookeri, J. Stn. — RnmpJi. Amhoin. 0, p. 38. M. flex-
uosa, Mart. Crypt. Brazil, p. 108, /. 00, /! 1. M. pusilla,
Mart. Crypt. Brazil, p. Ill, /. 60^/! 2. G. rigida, J. Sm.

ULEICIIRNfA. 13

Enum. Fil. Ph////>j). in /loo/,-. Joitrn. of Bol. iv. /;. 4-20. — /3.
pinniuvcvy broad, more ov k-ss cautluto at the apex. M. inu-
cTonata, lleiinr. <i<:conh'ii(/ to ./. Sin. I. c. p. 4'2(). — J. i)iiinsc
very lar^e, almost a sjian broad, sonic of the lower segments
hirge and deeply i)innatifid others lobed or toothed.

Hab. East Indies aiul Malay Islands, frequent. Nepal, Sylhct, Tenes-
serira, Sintr.'ipoie, WiiUlch. China, lii-cchey f,c- Ceylon, almndant, Mrs.
Col. Walker. Malal)ar coast (with ripd fronds), ]h: Wujhl. Philippine
Islands (fronds nienihranaceous), n. 270, Cuming, and n. \'M\ (fronds very
rijfid and segments liroad, G. rij^ida, ./. .!?»»., our var. (i.) Assam, with var.
y. Mrs. Mack. Pulo Penan jr, (//*)»<. .SV.) Mauritius, /Aut^o/i. Java, Mf7-
Ivtt. Anuhe, an island in the S. Pacilic, Nightingale. Madagascar, Dr.
Lyall, Forbes, Jiojer. Fernando Po, Vogel, {Niger E-rpedilion). Brazil,
Martins; Diamond district, Grtn/Hrr, 7t. 5337. Bahia, .S'a/^ma/nf. S.Bra-
zil, Tweedir, n. 1 1 IJ). Island of Taliojia, near Panama (exactly Martins'
M. ftcxuosa), narclag. Trinidad, Mr. Lnckhart.

I am literally overwhelmed with specimens of this plant from almost all
the tropical parts of the world, and il' the peculiar structure of the fronds
be considered and allowance made for the usual variations, so general among
ferns, it is an easily recognized species.

38. G. Klotzsc/iii, Hook.; stipes rounded, ultimate branch-
es with a pair of pinna; and a pair also at the base of the di-
chotomy, pinnie elongato-lanceolate acimiinate pinnatifid,
segments linear acute coriaceous glabrous glaucous beneath
where the costa is clothed with long ferruginous hairs, lower
external segments the smallest quite entire, capsules 4 — 6.
(Tab. V. B.) — Mertensia revoluta, Khtz.sc/t, MS. in Herb.
Reg. Bcrol. el in Herb, nostr. [not H.B.K.)

Hab. Brazil, Sellmv. — Perhaps this ought rather to be considered a va-
riety of the preceding than retained as a distinct species. My specimen is
but imperfect; but it evidently belongs to this section. The pinns are
about a foot long, rigid, coriaceous- The chief character of the species, if
species it may be called, lies in the copious long dark ferruginous hairs
which clothe the rachis of the segments beneath.

Duhiou.'i Species.

39. G. tenuis, Presl ; " affinis videtur G. glaucescenti,
Humb.'' 40. G. nitida, Presl ; " affinis G. dicliotonux."

41. Mertensia ren/ola, Kaulf. ; "frond dichotomous branched,
primary gennna ])roliferous, pinnje geminate elongate linear-
lanceolate and as well as the branches pinnate, pinntiles
linear glaucous beneath, sori minute." Hab. Brazil, Kaulf.

42. M. tomentosa, Sw.; probably the same with G. pubes-
cens. 43. M./ulva, Desv. 44. M. ehla, Desv. 45. M.
truncata, Willd.; " sti])es dichotomous naked, fronds pin-
nate, ])inna; glabrous of the same colour beneath truncate at
the apex,decurrent on the stipes through all the dichotomies,"
Willd. Act. Holm.. 1804, p. 169, t. 5,/. A. 4(i. AJ. Cuming-

14 CYATHEA.

iana, Prcsl. — There is a M. Magellanica quoted by Des\ aiix
as described by Poiret in Encycl. Bot. Suppl. 3, p. 669 ; but
on referring to that work there is no such species mentioned.

SuBORD. II. — POLYPODIACE^, Br.

Sort dorsal, often near, or at, the margin, various in form,
sometimes constituting an uniform linear or spreading mass,
naked or furnished with an involucre. Capsules one-ceWed, with
a longitudinal or oblique clastic articulated generally incom-
plete r/n(/, bursting transversely and irregularly. — A most ex-
tensive suborder, but of whicJi, as it appears to me, all the
groups or tribes are so connected together by habit and struc-
ture, as to form in themselves one natural division, not af-
fording subdivisions of equal value with Gleicheniaceuj for
example. They inhabit almost every part of the ivorld from
the tropics to the arctic and antarctic regions where extreme
cold prevails, and are exceedingly variable in size and ap-
pearance, including as the suborder does, the largest Tree-
Ferns, and the smallest herbaceous species.

Tribe I. CYATHEA, Gaud.
Sort globose, situated upon, or at the forking of, a vein.
Capsules numerous, sessile or stalked, upon an elevated re-
ceptacle, often mixed with hairs, obovate more or less com-
pressed, fiu-nished with a broad, generally oblique, frequently
complete elastic ring. Involucre sometimes covering the
whole sorus, having its origin from beneath and bursting ir-
regularly or with a circular opening, frequently cup-shaped,
entire or more or less lobed or laciniated, sometimes wholly
wanting. — Arborescent Ferns inhabiting tropical or subtro-
pical countries. Trunk or caudex attaining a height of 40
— bOfeet in many instances.

1. Cyathea, St7l.

Polypodii sp. of Auth. Sphaeropteris, Bernh. (not Wall.).
Schizoccena, J. Sm. Disphenia, Presl.

Sori globose, situated upon a vein or veinlet, or in the
axil of a fork of the vein. Receptacle elevated, globose or
columnar. Involucre globose, inferior, membranaceous or
somewhat homy, at first entire and covering the whole sorus,
afterwards bursting from the top with a nearly circular open-
ing, becoming cup-shaped, more or less entire or laciniated
or lobed. Veins pinnate, simple or forked, free. — Arbores-
cent, the trunk often beautifully marked with the scars of
fallen fronds. Fronds simple, or usually pinnate or decom-

CYATMEA. 15

poundly }nnnate. '^i\\>^^ frcqncullii ticuleated. Hook. Gen.

FiL. TAB. 2 AND 23.

Subgeii. I. NoTOCAKPiA, Presl. . Son situated upon a vein or
veinlet, not at the forkuKj. Scliizoca'iia, J. Sm. Hook. Gkv.

FiL. TAB. 2.

1. C. siftitdta, Hook, ct Grov.; fronds simple lanceolate ve-
ry much elongated siuuatcd at the margin. — Hook, el Grev.
Ic. FiL I. 10().

Hah. Ceylon, Dr. limeison, Mrs. Col. Walker. — The cau'lex of this is
ahoiit an inch in diameter, clothed with the dark hrown almost black bases
of the stipites of the old fronds, bearing a crown of elegant simple long wa-
vy fronds at the top. These have a stout costa. The veins are pinnated
and the veinlets bear the sori near the middle. Involucre globose or slight-
ly depressed, bursting very irregularly at the top, so as to become cup-shap-
ed with a very uneven margin, lleceptacle globose. Capsules on long stalks.

2. C. Br/tiwnis, Wall.; fronds pinnate, pinna3 oblongo-lan-
ceolate acuminated with a long naiTow point sinuato-crenate
often serrated at the margin above. — IVall. Cat. n. 179. Hook.
Gen. Fit. t. 2. C. longifolia, Wall, in Herb. 1823.

Hal). Pulo Penang, Dr. Wallich, Lady Dalhomie. Malacca, Cuming,
n. 378. — This is a truly beautifid fern, but of which the caudex is unknown
to me, nor is it described in Dr. Wallich's MS. volumes of ferns, which I owe
to that gentleman's liberality. The stipes is one or two feet long ; the
frond 2 — 3 feet, alternately pinnated : pinna 6 — 8 inches long, between
membranous and coriaceous, obliquely truncated at the base and shortly
petiolate, tapering into a narrow acumen at the point. Sori copious, from
the middle of the forked veins or veinlets. Involucre of the same struc-
ture as the preceding, but in age more lacerated and lobed. Capsuh;s
stalked.

3. C. Mexicana, Schlecht. ; unarmed, rachis and costa
above pubescenti-scabrous, fronds bipinno.te, pinnides lan-
ceolate acuHQinate pinnatifid glabrous, segments oblong
.slightly falcate rather obtuse serrated, sori confined to the
lower half of the segment, situated upon the veins which
are almost wholly simple or below the fork when divided
very rarely indeed at the forking, involucre exceedingly thin
and fragile almost resembling a thin coat of varnish when
perfect soon obliterated. — Scldecht. in Linncca. i\ v, p. 616.
Presl. Tent. Pterid. t. 1, /". 8 {very accurate as to the situa-
tion oj the sori). Martens et Galeot. Fil. Mex. p. 79 {where
read n. 6335 instead of 6334). Galeotti Herb. Mex. n. 6335
{not Hook, in Benth. PI. Hartweg. p. 54, n. 412).

Hab. River-sides, forests of Xalapa, Mexico, Schiede et Deppe. Gale-
otti.— This remarkable fern seems to have been found only at or near Xa-
lapa. It is remarkable in having the habit of the species of the following
sub-genus, but bearing the sori almost always on simple veins, or below
the forking in the rare instances of their being divided, sometimes but very

16 CYATHEA.

seldom at tbe forking, and it sliows how careful we ought to be in not lay-
ing too much stress on the value of the venation and position of the sori,
in distinguishing genera of ferns. Galeotti speaks of it as inhabiting,
along with A/sophila pruhuita, the borders of brooks in the thick forests of
Xalapa and Totutla, at an elevation above the sea of 3500 to 4000 feet.

Doubtful Species of this Section.

4. ? C. Uevigata, Willd. Herb.; "fronds biphmate, pinnules
sessile linear-lanceolate subcordate at the base crenate at the
apex, stipes smooth, rachis tomentose, sori subcostal." Kaidf.
Emim. Fil. p. 256. — C Madagascarensis, Kaulf. I. c. p. 257
[according to Presl).

Hab. Madagascar, Petit Thouars. — " Pinnules an inch long, three lines
wide, glabrous; veins bi-trifurcate." Of this and the two following I know
nothing from authentic specimens. Presl places them in his section of
Neurocarpia ; but the subcostal sori described by Kaulfuss in this and the
next species, and especially the remark on the present one, " Sori placed on
the division of the veins," would lead to a different conclusion.

5. ? C. maratiioidesy Willd. Herb.; " fronds bipinnate (?),
pinnules petiolate lanceolate acuminate cordate at the base
serrated at the apex, rachis hairy above, sori subcostal sub-
contiguous." Kaulf. Ennm. Fil. p. 256.

Hab. Madagascar, Petit Thouars. — " Lower pinnules an inch long, up-
per gradually larger, 2 inches long | an inch wide. Veins bi-trifurcate,"

C. grandifolia^ Willd. and C. speciosa, Willd. will be found
under Hemitelia.

Subgen. II. Eucyathea. Sori in the axils of the forks. Hook.
Gen. Fil. tab. 23.

Obs. Perhaps in the whole range of the great family of Ferns there is
not a group more difficult of accurate determination than are the species
of this section of Cyathea. They have arborescent trunks, whose appear-
ance and even external form are only known to travellers who have the pri-
vilege of seeing them in their native soils. The fronds, gigantic in most
cases, and large in all, seldom reach us in an eutire state. We are but lit-
tle acquainted with the stipes, whether it be unarmed or aculeated, or with
any other character which may afford marks of distinction. The shape or
outline of the entire frond we have rarely the means of ascertaining : nor do
we know what is the exact nature of its composition, nor the value to be put
upon the more or less downy or scaly covering of the pinnae, or the greater
or less breadth of the pinnae or pinnules or segments, or the more or less
deeply serrated margins. Hence too the synonymy becomes inextricable ;
and without the opportunity of examining authentic specimens of authors,
their species in many instances must be looked upon as doubtful. The diffi-
culty is increased by the older authors not considering the nature of the fruc-
tification, nor the venation, so that in few herbaria do we find the most com-
mon and we presume the original species, the one upon which the genus
appears to have been mainly founded, C. arhorca (Plum. Fil. t. 2), correctly
named. The attempt here made to determine the species must be considered
as very imperfect ; but the best I can offer, derived from a very extensive pri-

vate collection, and lioin works where lliey have been tlie most carcftiliy
described.

* Specks of l/ir fVrst fiidir^, Mexico aiul Saut/i America.

(?. C. arhorca. Sin. ; unanncd or with ('( w distant short
prickk's on tlie main rachis and stii)c.s wnich are lVe([uenlly
downy, fronds bipinnatc, ])innules lanceolate elongate nincli
acnniinated deeply i)innati(id glabrons or with the rachis and
costa hairy paler beneath, involucre coriaceous cu]j-shaped
in age a little contracted upwards opening with a beautifully
even margin.' — a. nigresccus ; rigid, stipes rachis and ui)])er
side of the liond almost black when dry, involucres chartace-
ous nearly black. Polypodiuni arborcum, L. — PIidii. Fil. t.
1 [reduced Ji (J It re of the entire />/((// f), and I. 2. — Disj)henia
arborea, Presl. — C. Guadelu[)ensis, Spr. {dccordiiKj to Presl).
C. bisulca (C. affinis in te.rt), Schkh. Fil. I. 132, b, and 132,
e, according to Kaulf. — /3. pallida.; less rigid, stipes rachis
and upper side of tlie frond ])aler, involucre membranaceous
brown. C. elegans. Hew. in May. of Nat. Hist. 1838, p. 4fi().
Hook. Gen. Fil. t. 23.

Hal). Jamaica, Hispauiola, Martinique, St. Vincent's, and probably the
West-Indian Islands fjenerally. Ilhios, Brazil {Moricand in Herb, no.slr.
tinder the name of C. Slernbergii). — In conse([uence of tlie imperfect finiires
and descriptions of the early authors, it cannot be clearly ascerlained what
they meant by their Poli/podium arborcum. Yet Plumier's representation
of the involucres is so characteristic that I think I cannot do wrong; in con-
sidering- our present plant to be the same: and that tliis is the Ci/athca ar-
borea ot Sir J. E. Smith, I have the authority of a specimen from hiniscU"
which cannot be mistaken. The essential character, as it appears to me, is
to be looked for in the firm texture and beautifully regular margin of the
cup-shaped involucre in age, in my var. /3., indeed, becoming- thinner and
consequently somewhat more fragile, yet still different from that of any
other species with which I am acquainted, and especially in the depth of
the cuj) and its remaining so perfect and regular in form, after the capsules
have fallen away. Occasionally tlie receptacle has been seen to be bilid,
and then this plant becomes Disphcniu of Presl.

7. C. Serra, Willd.; more or less muricated, fronds bijjin-
nate, jjinnules lanceolate deeply pinnatifid much acuminated,
segments linear-oblong acute serrated falcate glabrous or the
costa and rachis slightly hairy, sori generally covering the
whole of tlie segments, involucre very thin and membrana-
ceous at length forming a sliallow liemispherical cup entire
or more or less torn at the margin. (Tab. IX. A.) C. Gua-
dehqicnsis, Spr. in Nov. Act. Acad. Nat. Cur. lS-21, p. 233.
Hemitelia Serra, Desv.

Ilab. Caracas, Jircdemei/cr {in Willd.) Jamaica, Dr. Haiicrofl. St. ^'in-
cent, licv. L. (j'uildini/. "(Guadeloupe, (,'. .'?. Parker, Exq. Serra de IJa-
tatho, Brazil, Gardner, n. 2!)f)0. — 1 am aware that Sprcngel unites the C.
Serra, and even his own ('. (iuadelupenaiH, to C. arborea. I find, however,

C

18 CVATHIiA.

the present plant, which I consider distinct from arborea, so entirely to
as^ree with Willdenow's description, that I do not hesitate to fif^ure and de-
scribe it as such. The sori are very different from those of C. arborea, al-
ways pale hrown (as indeed the whole plant is, when dry) even in perfection ;
the upper half of ihe involucre has rather the appearance of a coat of var-
nish tlian of a firm membrane, and this breaks away or disappears with the
capsules, and only a very thin and shallow i'rajiile cup remains at the base,
as shown in our fijiure. The stipes and rachis are never dark-coloured,
which is frequently the case in C. arborea.

8. C. Tmray/fiia, Hook. ; slightly aculeate, stipes more or
less clothed with ferruginous down, general and partial rachis
especially beneath his])id \vith laciniated scales, fronds bipin-
nate, pinnules lanceolate acuminate serrate pinnatifid, seg-
ments oblong or linear subfalcate generally nearly entire, sori
covering most of the segments, involucre globose membrana-
ceous fragile bursting very irregularly. (Tab. IX. B.) — B.sub-
nuclata; main rachis with the scales deciduous.

Hab. Couliaban Mountain, Dominica, Dr. Imray. Jamaica, Dr. Ban-
croft.— ^. Jamaica, Wiles, Bancroft. — This indeed, like the preceding,
varies in the length and breadth of the pinnae and segments : and the sca-
ly covering of the rachis, though remarkable in some specimens, is scarcely
visible upon that of others, from its deciduous character, as may be supposed.
The involucre is very fragile, and, when burst, extremely irregular, thin
and membranaceous, never opening with the thin even margin of C. arborea.

9. C. miiricata, Willd. ; " fronds bipinnatc, pinnules ob-
long-lanceolate acuminate pinnatifid, segments oblong obtuse
crenate, rachis and arboreous caudex aculeated." Willd. Sp.
PL V. iv. p. 497, {not of Sleber). Kaulf. Enum. Fit. p. 259 }
" Plum. Fil. p. 5, /. 4."

Hab. Martinique, Plumier. — I know nothing of this. Willdenow seems
to have taken it up solely from the figure of Plumier, which has no fructi-
fication ; thus even the genus must be doubtful. Kan 1 fuss quotes Sie-
ber's C. muricata as the plant of Willdenow. This may be ; but if so it is
an Alsophila and not a true Cyathca.

10. Caspera,^\y.; "stem arboreous aculeated, fronds sub-
bipinnate, pinntiles coadunate oblong obtuse serrated at the
apex." Sw. Sijn. Fit. p. 139. Polypodium asperum Linn. —
Plum. Fil. t. 3. — Not Alsophila aspera, Hook, et Grev. Ic.
Fil. t. 213—215 ?

Hab. Jamaica, Swartz. Hispaniola, Plumier. — This, like the former, is
to me a very dubious species. Dr. Greville and myself had hesitatingly
referred it to our Alsophila aspera above quoted. But Kaulfuss and Presl re-
lain it in Cyatliea, and the former adds to its character "receptaculo bival-
vi,'' as in the Disphenia of Presl. Plnmier's figure seems to be the original
authority for the plant, whicli is not sufBciently characteristic of any spe-
cies I am acquainted with.

11. C. aciilcala, Willd. Herb.; "arborescent aculeated at
the base, frond bipinnate, leaflets stibcoadunatc lanceolato-

CVATHEA. 19

Calcate obtuse serralcd hairy beneatli at the costa and the par-
tial racliis, sori bistM'ial mostly at the base of the sefrment,
receptacle globose" (" at length bipartite," Presl). Sjireiifj.
Si/st. l'c(/. p. l-2(). Kanlf. Knum. Fil. p. 255. Disphenia
aculeata^ Pred, Tent. Pterid. p. 55, t. 1,/. 13.

Hal). Hispaniola. Portorico, (Spreng.) — It is impossible, without an in-
spection of Willdcnow's lierhaiiuni, to determine Spren<>;ers ])lant. Presl's
fifi;iire of the leallets is very like C. arborea : hut the receptacle and in-
volucre arc such as I have never seen (the former deeply bipartite, larj^er
than, and exserted much beyond, the firm and even ed;>e of the involucre)
and certainly do not correspond with Kaulfuss' remark, which would ap-
pear to be made on Willdenow's specimen. He says " it differs from C
(irborca in the rachis and pinnules being hairy beneath, that the receptacle
is globose, and the involucres very thin and caducous."

1'2. C. ciispidafa, Kze. ; "frond bipinnate, pinnules alter-
nate subsessilo divergent oblong cuspidate unequal at the
base deeply pinnatifid beneath with minute white " (decidu-
ous) " scales, segments linear-falcate the lower fertile portion
contracted crenulale at the apex and acute, sori costal, par-
tial rachis furrowed above paleaceo-hirsute " (at length gla-
brous) "shining beneath, universal rachis rough above shining
beneath, stipes hairy at the base." (Tab. XII. A.) Kze. S>//i.
PL Cri/pL Pu'pp. p. 101. iMart. Ic. PL Crypt. Bmz. p. 78.

Hab. INIarshy woods of Maynas, Peru, Pieppig. — The figure here given
is taken from one of Poeppig's own specimens. It is assuredly allied to C.
nrborcu, as Kunze remarks, but especially to some of the varieties with nar-
row elongated segments; yet the involucre seems different, very thin and
membranaceous, bursting irregularly and not forming a cup beneath the
sorus. JMartius compares it to C. excelsa, a Mauritius species with a very
different habit.

1.3. C. diveryeun, Kze.; "frond bipinnate pendulous, ])in-
nse alternate petiolate very remote, pinnules alternate much
])etiolated divergenti-divavicate lanceolate acuminate deeply
})innatirid, the segments oblong falcate acute serrated on the
reflexed margin, sori costal numerous contiguous, rachis hairy
above scabrous beneath, stipes chaffy above aculeated be-
neath." (Tab. XI. A.) Kze. Syn. PL Cn/pt. P<vpp. p. 100.
Mart. Ic. PL Crypt. Braz. p. 78.

Hab. Mountains of Pampayaco, Peru, Pwpp'uj. — Kunze makes no re-
marks on the affinities of this species. Martins alludes to its resemblance
to C. arborea ; but to me it appears to be very distinct in the size and form
of the segments and in the very petiolated pinnules, as may be seen by our
figure taken from an original specimen.

14. C. eqitesfris, Kze.; "fronds bipinnate, ]iinnules remote
alternate ])etiolate the lower ones divaricated lanceolate acu-
minate equal at the base pinnaliiid, the segments oblongo-
lalcate obtuse serralcd at the apex, the lower ones fertile, sori

c 2

QO CYATHKA.

subcostal irregular, costa and partial racliis hairy and rough
above glabrous beneatli." Kze. I. c. p. 100.

Hab. ^Mountains near Pnmjiayaco, Cerro de Cristohal, Peru, Peeppiff. —
This is only taken up l)y Kunze, who speaks of it as very different from any
previously described species.

15. C. resfifa, Mart. ; " frond bijiinnate, stipes and rachis
shortl}' and acutely aculeated, partial rachis and nerves with
rusty liairs, pinnules pubescenti-villous beneatli linear-acu-
minate dee])ly pinnatifid, the segments falcato-lanceolate
rather acute crenulate with 6 — 10 sori in each." Mart. I. c.
p. 75, /. 52.

Hab. Brazil. Woods of the Province of St. Sebastian and St. Paul,
Martius. Serra dos Piloes, Pohl. Serra de Araripe, Gardner, n. 1907. —
INIartius compares this with C. acnlcata, AVilld. and Kaulf., but observes
that it is different, especially in the more acuminated segments. Mr. Gard-
ner's plant above quoted, which agrees with this, has a caudex 20 — 30 feet
liigh, and an involucre veiy thin, membranaceous and brittle.

10. C. hirtula, Mart.; "frond bipinnate, stipes sharply acu-
leate and tlie rachis with brownish hairs and sparingly ])a-
leaceous, pinnules on each side slightly pubescenti-hirsiite
linear acute pinnatifid, the segments ovato-lanceolate rather
obtuse subcrenulate or entire, sori in each segment lew situ-
ated at the base." Mart. I. c. p. 76, t. 53.

Hab. Serro do Mar, Province of Bahia, Brazil, Prince de Nemcied. —
Martius notices the affinity of this to his C. Grevilleana {Ic. PI. Bras. p. 78)
from Jamaica, but the latter " diff'crs in the larger and more spavingly pu-
bescent fronds, in the rachis and nerves not patenti-hirsute but strigillose
in the acuminated pinnules, in the lower segments being distinct, and in
the more numerous sori.''

17. C. Schfniscliin, Mart.; "frond bipinnate, stipes and ra-
chis sharply aculeated and Avith the rachis and nerves strigoso-
villous, pinnules downy linear cuspidato-acuminate pinnatifid,
segments linear-oblong obli(|uely rotundate subcrenulate, sori
0 — 10 in each segment." Mart. I. c. p. 77, t. 54. C oligo-
car))a, A'^^. in Herb. Pcepp., and in Syn. PI. Crypt. Pcepp.
p. 101. C. Mexicana, Hook, in Benth. PI. Hartiney. p. 54.
C. Mexicana) affinis, Martens et GaJeotti, Fil. Me.%\ p. 80.
Alsophila fulva, Martens et Galcotti, Fil. Mex. p. 78, t. 23,
[sort inaccurate).

Hab. Throughout a great portion of Brazil, perhaps universal in that
country, especially in the provinces of St. Paul and ^linas, Martius, Sel-
Inw, Gardner (Organ iNIountains, n. 5955). Peru, flcenke, Pccppig, Ma-
thews (Casapi). Mexico, Galeotii (Cordillera of Oaxaca, n. (5347, snri not
burst, and n. H346), Ilarlweg, (Zacualtipan). — I possess named specimens
of C. Schanschin I'rom the Royal Berlin herbarium, gathered by Sellow ;
and from Poejipig of his C oligucarpa, showing that the two are identicall
It seems a widely extended species, not jxjssessing indeed any very peculiar

(^.\^lll■;A. ,1

rliaracloi-b ; bul vvc c;iii hiiiiiiil)' irltr to publislied .spLL-ie.-. ami ;iii exccUfiii
(inure lor :i ]>roof of the pUml here iiilendud. Murtius, who says il is calleil
Sr/iansc/iiii or Xuitxim in Soiitli lirazil, observes that " it dillcrs from C.
vrstita ill its clolhiiiu: (iiiduinciitiiiii), in the stipes and racliis beiiifj; aciile-
aled, and in tlie Ibnn t)f the i)inmiles and segments; and from ('. Ii'ulula
in its larger size, stonier aculei, abseiiee of hairiness and form of the i)innuh's,
whieh are not acule but much and long-acuiniiialed." — Kuiize, however,
eoni])ares the species with t'.avulcata,\\\\\i\. Herb, and Kaulf.,and with ('.
(irborca, Sm. The latter, he says, " is recognized l)y its linear segments,
serrated throughout the whole margin and acute, the cosUi with while
chart) soaks at the base and the receptacle bijiartite : the former by its nar-
rower and more obtuse pinna-, linear segments with the whole margin ser-
rated, and the aeuleated slij>es."

18. C Canlncri, Hook.; irond bi})iiniale, slipus uiul main
riicliis nearly glabrous, piiiimlcs gradually and at llic a]K'.\
iiiuch aciiuiinatcd ])iiinati(ld, seguienls oblong oblu.sc lalcalo
serrated liaiiy beneath especially on the costa and nerves,
lowest ones adnato-decurrent, sori covering the whole seg-
ment, involucre almost globose pale brown oj)atiue with a
dark manimillate point at the apex at length bursting with a
small aperture at the toj). (Tab. X. li.)

Hab. Near Arrial das Alerces, Brazil, n. 532H, and Mono Vellio, ». a3.5.{,
(Jurdncr. — This is a rather soft and flaccid species, more easily recognizable
))y the eye than described in words. The sori are very copious on the seg-
ments ; the involucre opaque, lirm, not readily bursting, but, while entire,
ti])ped wiih a dark-coloured umbo.

19. C. /Jei/riclu'a/ta, Pr. ; stipes aculeate, frond bii)innale,
rachis and costa more or hiss downy, pinnules lanceolate acu-
minate, segments linear-oblong acute subserrate slightly fal-
cate, sori copious, involucre ai)parently bursting vertically on
the upjier side large loose membranaceous persistent at length
hemispherical. I'resl, Teul. Pterid. j).bb {uaiiie oalij). Hook.
If. PL c. vii lab. 023. Alsoi)hila sti])ulacea, '■''Beijricli, Herb.''''

Hab. Brazil, SvlUnc, Bcyrich. Rio Janeiro, Gardner, n. IWi. — My lirst
knowledge of this plant was derived from a line specimen sent to me by Dr.
Klotzsch irom the Royal Berlin herbarium ; and it is very remarkable in
the large persistent involucres, nut bursting at the top all round, liul dehis-
cing as il were vertically horn the top outwards, towards the apix, or more
correctly, obliquely tow ards the margin of the segments. The stipes is jiale
brown, miiuitely tubereled and also aeuleated, at the base clothed with long
brown ehall'y hairs. 'Jhe frond is dark green above, much paler benealh,
iij. texture between membranaceous and coriaceous. Mr. Gardner's jdanl
seems to be exactly the same, his speeimeii is a little more advanced in age,
and of a yellower lint; but the siructuie of the involucres is similar, and
may perhaps be considered as more analogous lo that of Ilcmitclii, but it is
dilhcult to decide without an examination of young fruit. In the earliest
state of the sorus which has co.iie under my observation, the involucre co-
vers it entirely, but the point of attachment uppiuis to be only on the lower
half of the sorus next the costa. ('. ]Val/tcr<c from Ceylon has a similar
structure in its imoliu irs. (sic //. ;53).

•2-2 CVAIIIKA.

20. C. Cj leiilleaiia, Mart. ; "frond bipiiiiialed, racliis and
nerves above strigillose, beneath the nerves and nervules mi-
nutely chafly and slightly hairy, pinnules linear-lanceolate
acuminate sessile deeply pinnatifid, segments linear or sub-
lanceolate nearly straight acute crcnulate, sori in the lower
part of the segments 4 — 10." Mart I. c. p. 78.

Hill). Jamaica, (Grm//e). — As a Jamaica plant, and communicated, wbicli
it is, by Dr. Gieville to Martius, I ought to be acquainted with it; but brief
specific characters, without figures or full diagnoses, will not suffice for dis-
tinguishing the species of Cyathea or allied genera, and thus the catalogue
of dubious species must be large. Martius does indeed observe of this that
it resembles C. canaliculata (a Mauritius species very unlike any Jamaica
one that I have seen), but that this latter "may be known from it by its
(larger) and more acuminated pinnae, the segments almost entire, the sori
crowded on all the segments," — and that C. Sekanschin differs in " the sti-
pes, vachis and lamina beneath being downy with true hairs, in the seg-
ments being more curved and more obtuse, in the lower ones of each pin-
nule being coherent, which in C. Grevilleana are altogether distinct."*

Dubious Species of the West Indies, Mexico and South America.

21. C. Delgadii,Voh\; Brazil.

22. C. Sternhergii, Pohl ; Brazil. — This and the preced-
ing appear to be noticed and perhaps described in Sternberg's
''Flora Orhls Priniig.'' but, if so, 1 have no access to the work.

23. C. Tussacii,T)e%\. ; " partial lionds triplicato-pinnate,
pinnules adnate linear falcate obtuse entire, sori on each side
somewhat solitary at the base of the pinnules, rachis chaffy,
caudex arboreous." JJesv. Soc. Liini. Par. r. ii. p. 323. Ja-
maica, De Tussac. "Affinis C. glauccc, sed discolor nee glau-
ca." C. glanca, it may be remarked, is a Mauritius species,
and I have always observed there is little similarity between
the Cyaihae of the eastern and western world. Probably the
present is a pale variety of C arhorea.

24. C. i)olyp(jdioides, "Sw."; " herbaceous, frond bipinuate
glabrous on both sides, leaves lanceolato-falcate acuminate,
leaflets oblong acute serrated, sori solitary on each side at
the costa." .S)?r. Syst. Veg. v. 'xs.'p. 126. — Brazil. I do not
find this species in Swartz .

25. C. Wood'/cardwides, Kaulf. ; "fronds bipinnate, pin-
nules adnate oblongo-lanceolate obtuse obsoletely crenate at
the apex, costa hairy beneath, rachis rough above with hairs,
partial chaffy beneath, sori costal contiguous." Kaulf. Emim.
Fit. p. 255. Hab. ?

* Dr. Greville informs me he has reason to believe that the description
of C Grevilleana, here quoted, was drawn up by Martius from a specimen
of our Alsophila aspcra. — Ic. Fil. t. 213 — o.

CYATHl.A. '2.i

26. C. Seltuuia/ia, Fr. All ihat 1 can liiid mciitiuiied
of this by Presl, is, that it is identical with " <". amlcata,
Herb. Reg. lierol. Bras. n. 88."— Brazil.

** SjKcie.i of South Africa.

27. C. Dfctjei, Kze. ; unarmed, fronds bipinnate coriace-
ous, ])innules lanceolate acuminate jiinnatifid glabrous above
l)aler below, and rufo-tomcntose on and near the rachis be-
neath, seguients oblong-ovate subfalcate obtuse nearly entire,
sori on the lower liall'oi" the segment innnersed in rufous wool,
involucre fragile forming an hemispherical cup, then break-
ing away irregularly. (Tau. X. B.) Kze. in LiniKca, r. xiii.
p. 153, el in v. x. p. 551. — /3, paler, segments serrated the
wool beneath tawny, main rachis woolly. (Tab. XML A.)

Hal). S. Africa ; rocky valley at the great cataract between OmsamwuLo
and Omsamcaba, Drege. Macalisber*;, S. lat. 2(3'-', liurhe. — Tliis lias a
caudex only 3 — 1 feet high, according to Drege. It ha.s dark-coloured
Irorids wheii dry, paler beneath, a reddish stipes and rachis and very rul'ous
wool, in which" the sori are immersed: the rest glabrons. Drege has the
credit of lirst discovering a true L'yathca in Africa. The same species, and
also the following, were detected by Mr. Burke, while collecting for Lord
Derby.

28. C. Burkci, Hook. ; sti])es tubcrcled with small aculei,
and at its base and that of the main rachis clothed with glos.sy
brown chaffy scales, frond bi])innatifid membranaceous, pin-
nides lanceolate obtusely acuminate bijiiiniatilid scarcely i)al-
cr beneath, rachis partially woolly, glabrous above, segments
oblong-ovate obtuse scarcely falcate entire, the costa hairy at
the base, sori {e\\ often solitary, involucre globose remaining
until much advanced, with an irregular opening at the to}).
(Tab. XVII. B.)

Hab. Macalisberg, S. Africa, Burhe.—i:\\\>^ has a dark mahogany-colored
stipes and main rachis, clothed with short obtuse points or aculei, and wiili
consjjicuous glossy chaffy scales at the base of the main rachis and stipes,—
niembranaceou.s, dark-coloured fronds scarcely at all paler beneath, and much
fewer and less woolly hairs among the sori than the preceding; still, future
observations may prove that this is but a state of C. Dreijei, and that only
one species of the genus has yet been discovered in Africa.

*** Suecies of Eastern India ami Islawls, the Pacific Islands and New
Zealand.

29. C.canalicidatd, W illd. Herb. ; unarmed or indistinctly
tuberclcd, fronds bipinnate coriaceous, ])iunules (large) broad-
ly lanceolate actuuinate deeply pinnatilid frequently again
jnnnated especially below glabrous (main rachis channelled
when dry) articidated on the stipes, segments or idtimale i>ni-
n tiles linear-oblouK obtuse more or less serrated, vt-.iis c(ii»i-

24 CYATIIEA.

Oils frequently twice or even thrice forked, sori occupying
most of the segment at some distance from the costa, invo-
lucre membranaceous durable but bursting very irregularly.
(Tab. XI. B.) Spr. Sijst. Ve(/. v. iv. p. 126. C. Borbonica,
Poh: C. Mascarena, 'Sw. Map. Nat. Berl. 1811, w. 328 {ac-
cordituf to Desvanx). — /3. rachis very dark-colored. C. me-
lanocaula, ])esv. — y. latifolia ; pinnules a foot long, 3 inches
broad, pinnated almost to the summit. (Tab. XIII. A).

Hab. Isles of France and Bourbon {Poiret), Bojer, Sieber {S'l/n. Fil. n.
5J), and Fl. Mixta n. 305). Madagascar, Desvaux. — y. iNIauritius, Bojer,
Sieber (Fl. Mixta n. 304). — A very distinct species, of which Prof. Bojer
says tliat the caudex is much shorter than in the following (C. exceha), and
the frond far broader and thicker. It is the finest of the genus with
wliich I am acquainted; the pinnules being 8 — 10 inches long and 2^ inch-
es broad in the usual state of the plant ; but some are more than a foot long
and 4 inches broad, as in our var. y. Sometimes the stipes and rachis be-
come black, probably the effect of age, and then it is the C. melanocaula,
Desv.

30. C. e.vcelsa, Sw.; unarmed, fronds bipinnate rather mem-
branaceous but firm, pinnules glabrous lanceolate much acu-
minated pinnatifid pinnate at the base, segments oblong, ob-
liquely subacute serrated destitute of scales, veins simply
forked below the middle, sori near the costa, involucre mem-
branaceous glossy very fragile bursting irregularly often into
lobes rarely bifid. (Tab. XII. B.)—Stv. Si/n. Fil. p. 140 and
p. 367. Pr. Tent. Pterid. lab. 1. ./: 15.' C. arborea, Bori/,
{not Sm.)

Hab. Bourbon, Bori/, Curmichael. jNIauritius, Bojer. — Stipes and rachis
pale. Fronds, when dry, rather dark green, not verging to brown. Nerves
very slender, but little prominent, one-" forked below the middle, and the
sori are by no means so near the costa as in the following very distinct spe-
cies. Swartz doubts, however, if this be really dislinct from C. vieduUaris.

31. C. Wo I ker<e, Hook. ; unarmed, fronds bipinnate, pin-
nules thick firm very coriaceous, deeply pinnatifid pinnate
below, segments and ultimate ])innules (the latter contracted
at the base) oblong very obtuse, entire or slightly crenate of-
ten scaly (scales deciduous) on the costa beneath, veins co-
pious sunk forked at the very base often again about half way
up, sori occupying the lowest fork close to, almost u])on, the
costa, involucres large opaque bursting as it were on the su-
perior side only reflexed upon the costa and partially cover-
ing the sorus in the form of a broad bifid hood. Hook. Ic.
PI. V. vii. /. C47.

Hab. Adam's Peak, Ceylon, Mrs. Col. Walker. — An extremely well-
marked species, of which I have received copious specimens from Mrs.
Walker, and from that lady alone. The stipes and main rachis are of a
mahogany colour, much flattened and slightly grooved when dry above, and

CYATHKA. 25

below naked or furnislieil willi small cdiieave deciduous scales. Pinnules
as it were jointed upon the raeliis and at the hase jiinnatcd, the sefjfnients or
pinnules he'ui'^ distinct, contracted at the base so tliat their form is ellipti-
cal. The texture is very linn, rigid, coriaceous, w hen dry inclinin(^ to a
rich brown colour, paler 1)enealli. The veins are numerous, sunk, forked
from the very base, and the sori bcinfi' wholly confined to the axil of the
lower fork are conseijuenlly i)laced close to the costa. Involucres mem-
branous, but lirm and opa(|uc, bursting as it would appear rather irregu-
larly on the sujierior half vertically, so as to be irregularly two-lobcil : this
large and broad involucre is then rellexed uj)on the costa, but still covering
in a measure the sorus on the lower side in the I'oruj of a broad concave hood.
As iny specimens have all very advanced fruit, I cannot say with certainly
that the involucre conijilctely surrounds the sorus in the young state; but
the probability is that it does, and that in structure it is analogous to that
of C'. Jiri/ric/iidua. I do not look upon it as a dimidiate involucre, or I
should place it in IlemUclia.

32. C. sphnt/osa, Wall.; stipes and lower jiart of tlie ra-
eliis much and strongly aculeatcd, fronds bipinnate flaccid
and niemlnanaceons, pinnules sessile lanceolate aeuniinato
pinnalifid, segments oblong acute serrulate glabrous with a
few minute scattered deciduous scales sometimes (ju the cos-
ta beneath (especially on the barren frond), sori close to the
costa co])ious, involucres globose membranaceous fragile
gloiisy soon breaking down into a jagged irregular cup. (Tah.
XIV. C.) JValL in Herb. 1823." Cat. n. 178.

Hab. Nepal, Wallkh. Madras Peninsula, Dr. Wiyht, n. 11!). — This
species is nearly allied to C. excelsa, but is of a more membranaceous tex-
ture, and the stipes and main rachis are closely and strongly muricated.

33. C. gl((iica, Bory ; " fronds triplicato-j)innate, ])innides
glaucous beneath oblong obtuse entire the lower on(;s dentate
Irora the base to the middle, sori solitary at the base of the
pinnides, rachis tomentose, stem arboreous." IVilhl. Sp. PL
V. V. p. 403.

Hab. liourbon, Bory de St. V^inceut. — This species I have never seen,
hut it seems to be known to Willdenow and Kaulfuss. The former says
that the secondary pinnae are 2 inches and more long, and that the glau-
cous hue of the underside is due to a covering of excessively minute scales,
only visible under a microscope. Kaulfuss states that the rachis is palcaceo-
tomentose," and that the sori at the base of pinnules are geuerally '2 rarely ."<
together.

34. C. crctmlata, Bl.; "arboreous unarmed, fronds l)ipin-
nate (or trijiinnatifld) coriaceous, ])iiuniles lanceolate acumi-
nate deeply ])innatifi(l chaffy at the costa beneath, segments
linear-falcate crenulale at the margins obtuse and entire at
the apex, sori (3 — 8) subconfluent close to the costa, rachis
above tawny-tomentose nearly glabrous and rough with mi-
nute dots beneath." Bluinc, I-^inim. VI. Jar. Fil. p. 2 J 1.

Hab. Moist mountain woods, Ja\a, lilumc. " Ci/athca ninaHculala dif-
fers in the segments only being toothed at the apex."

26 CYATHEA.

35. C. Jaianica, Bl. ; "arboreous unarmed, fronds bipin-
nate siibcoriaceous, pinnules lanceolate acuminate deeply
])innatifid bullato-squamulose at the base of the costa, seg-
ments lincar-subfalcate obtuse crenulate or entire plane, sori
2 — 5 parallel to the costa, secondary rachis paleaceo-tomen-
tose, primary one asperulous with minute bristles." Bl. I. c.
p. 245. — 13. riglda : frond more rigid, sori (2 — 8) regularly ar-
ranged. BL I. c.

Hab. Woods on the mountains of Java, Blume. — " From C. affinis, Sw.
this differs in the substance of the frond, in the plane segments and color
of the stipes. It varies with the rachis tomentose or glabrous above.''

36. C. ? Celehica, Bl. ; " fronds tripinnate coriaceous glau-
co-sericeous beneath, pinnules linear-lanceolate acuminate,
secondary pinnules linear-subfalcate rather obtuse crenulate
at the apex, trimcate and sessile at the base, common rachis
furfuraceous sparingly and slightly aculeated." Bl. I. c. p. 245.

Hab. Woods of the Islands of Celebes and Ternate, Blume.

37. Cintegra, J. Sm.; unarmed, fronds bi-tripinnate, pin-
nules broad-lanceolate acuminated pinnatifid rather more
than half way to the rachis, segments broadly ovate acute
slightly serrated glabrous, sori mostly below the incisions at
a considerable distance from the costa, involucres membra-
naceous at first hemispherical very thin and evanescent at
the apex at length breaking into 4 or 5 rather regular spread-
ing lobes. Hook. Ic. PL v. 7. t.6S8. J. Sm. En. FiL Phi-
l/'pp. in Hook. Journ. of Bot. v.m. p. 419 {name only). — /3.
petiolata ; pinnules mostly petiolated. Hook. Ic. PL v. 7,
/. 638, /. 2. C. petiolata, J. Sm. L c. p. 419.

Hal). Amboyna (Herb. Hook, from P. B Webb, Esq.) Lugon, Cumint/,
n. 120. /3. Isle of Mindora, Philippine Islands, Cwning, ». 359. — Mr. J.
Smith also observes that he has our var. ^. from New Ireland and from Ja-
maica ; but the latter is probably an error, the plant having been given to
him by Mr. Lambert as a supposed native of Jamaica. — A well marked spe-
cies, but apparently not described by any author. The pinnules are less
deeply divided than in any species of the genus I am acquainted with, and
might almost be said to be lobed rather than pinnatifid ; so that much of
the fructification is placed below the sinus, between it and the costa, and
all the sori are remote from the costa, as the forking of the nerves is at a
distance from it.

38. C. medullaris;S\v.; stipes muricated with dark glan-
dular hard tubercles, honds bi-tripinnate coriaceous, pinnules
glabrous sessile broad-lanceolate acuminate deeply pinnatifid
with several small pale ciliated concave scales beneath, seg-
ments linear or linear-oblong obtuse, more or less crenate or
serrated or subpinnatifid especially the fertile ones rarely en-
tire, lowermost ones next the rachis sometimes quite pinnati-

CYATlIliA. 27

lid, soli copious almost as broad as tlie nanow space between
the cosla and margin occui)}in}^ a lobe or tooth wbicli w hen
dry has the margins very rcvohite, involucres globose mem-
branaceous glossy soon breaking down into 3 or 1 irregular
lobes. — ScJikitJtr, Fil. f. 138, [(jaod). Poly]>o(lium medullare,
Forst. Sphieropteris medullaris, Bcrnlt. in Schrtid. Jauru.
1800, II, ;). 122, /.I. C. affinis, Sw. Si/u. Fil. p. 141, [not of
Sc/ikitlir, Fil. t. 132, l), and 131, </—//). Polyp, alhne, Fors/.
C. extensa. Sic. Schkttlir, Fil. t. 132, a — c, (good, as repre-
senting the barren state and the ciliated scales). Alsophila
extensa, Desv. — 13. intc(jr(i; segments nearly entire. — y. tri-
pinnata ; pinnules again pinnated except at the apex, pin-
nules quite entire. C. Mertensiana, Botujdrd, MS. in Herb.
Imp. Acad. Pelcrsh. el in Herb, nostr. Alsophila extensa,
Hook, el Am. in Bot. of Beech. Voy. p. 70.

Hab. New Zealand (where it is called " Mamapu"), probalily confined
to the noitlieiTi island, Forster and others. Norfolk Island, Forstcr in Knd-
licher. Pacific Islands, Forstcr. New Guinea, Jhinlai/. Otaheite, Du-
perrcifs Voy. — ^. New Zealand, Colenso. — y. Boiiin, Dr. Merteus. Coral
islands, Capt. licechey. — This is probably a more extensively diffused spe-
cies than botanists aie generally aware, and by no means confined to New
Zealand, where however it forms a common article of food with the native;:.
' Haec filicis species " says Forster, " in sylvis Novae Zelandije frequens est;
et apud incolas Mamagu dicitnr; hi radicem et caudicis inferioris mednllara
costam coniedunt; hujus enim substantia; mollis et pulposae sapor quan-
dam siniilinuliiieni cum rapte sapore liabet et qnidem hinc prreslal ila ut
ad mcdullaui Saguari arboris {sago) aceedat. In niedullari substantia hu-
jus Polypodii succus glutinosus rubescens abundat." Like other Cijathen-
cea-, the fronds are very variable in the form and margin of the segments.
The stipes and rachis are remarkable for the glandular, glossy, raised points,
resembling a resinous exudation dried and hardened the instant it had pier-
ced the epidermis. I quite think the Cyathea ajfinis and C. e-rtenxa, ga-
thered by Forstcr in the Pacific Isles, may be safely referred to this sjiecie^,
especially if, as I presume, the figures of Schkuhr which I have ([uoled
here, are to be relied on, and more particularly if the fruit may be trusted
as belonging to it : but l/iat, on account of the bifid rcce])tacle (a charac-
ter probably by no means confined to one species), Kaulfuss has quoted
under C. arborea. That fruit has the true cup of Cyathea. Mr. Brown,
however, refers C. e.rteusa to Alsophila, in which he is Ibllowed by Presl.
Bory, in the ' Botany of Belanger's Voyage,' gives C. f.vtensa as an inha-
bitant of high mountains of Java.

39. C. dealbata^ Sw. ; unanned, frond bipinnate, rachis
everywhere clothed with ferruginous deciduous down, ])in-
nules narrow lanceolate acinninate dee})ly ])innati(id very
glaucous beneath, sometimes again pinnate at the base, seg-
ments oblong acute falcate serrated, sori copious situated half
way between the costa and margin, involucres globose mem-
branaceous fragile soon breaking down in a very irregidar

28 IIEMITELIA.

manner, the base above ol'ten remaining a shallow cup. Rich.
FL Nov. Zc'l.j). 77, t. 10.

Hal). New Zealand. Novlhern and middle islands, Forster and others.
Poghna of the natives. — This, so lav as I know, is wholly confined to New
Zealand, and is a very beautiful fern, rising with a caudex or trunk 10 —
15 feet high, crowned with a noble tuft of fronds white with glaucous fari-
na beneath. Mr. Edgerley remarks that this fern is also eaten liy the na-
tives, and prohably in the same way as the C. medullaris.

Dubious species of the East Indies.

40. C. Riiniphii, Desv. Polypodium arboreum, Lour. Fl.
Cochin, excl. st/n. Liitn. Eiintph. Ainb. v. ii. p. 04, /. 27,
Desv.

2. Hemitelia, Br. {excl. H. Capensis).
Cneniidaria, Pr. Cyathea3 sp. of Auth.

Sori solitary, globose, situated below the apex of a lateral
vein or veinlet, generally near the margin. Receptacle ele-
vated, globose or columnar. Involucres small, semicircular,
concave, occupying the lower side of the sorus, at first applied
to it, and at length reflexed and persistent, rarely forming a
shallow cup under the sorus, and then small, indistinct, never
at any period covering the whole sorus. Veins pinnated, simple
or branched, generally forked, all free, or the lowest ones anas-
tomosing.— Natives of tJte tropics. Arborescent. Fronds large
pinnate or decompound. Pinnides most It/ larger and broader
than in true Cyathea3. Hook. Gen. Fil. tab. 4, (veining
imperfect, correctly represented in the accompanying figures).

Obs. If we take the Hemitelia horrida of Br. as our guide for the essen-
tial character of this genus, we shall have in it and H. speciosa and obtusa,
and (/randifolia, or even in petiolata and Hostinanni, not only a sufficiently
natural, hut well defined genus, characterized by the small dimidiate involu-
cre closely pressed to the early formed sorus and distinctly visible : but there
are other Ibrms of inferior involucre, quite distinct from that of Cyathea
and yet not harmonizing with Hemitelia, which. I have still thought it bet-
ter to bring hither than to unite with C>/athea, or, even less with Alsophila.
These are //. altcrnans, H. Guianensis, and II. Parkeri, doubtfully re-
ferred by me to this genus.

* Fronds pinnate.

1. H. speciosa, Kaulf. ; unarmed, fronds pinnate, pinn£e
very long cnsiform acuminate on a short petiole, obtuse at the
base, the margin crenato-lobate, sori nearly marginal occupy-
ing the whole length of the pinna;, veinlets all free. (Tab.
Xlll. B.) — Cyathea speciosa, H.B.K. Nov. Gen. Am. v. i. p.
20, and IVilld. Pr. [not Cnemidaria speciosa, Pr.)

Hab. Caripe, Humboldt. Caracas, Linden, n. 79. Para, Brazil, Mar-
tins.— This is a truly l)eautiful species; aiul assuredly if there be any mean-

lll.MI I KIJA. 29

inp; iu worils, the ilcsoiiption of Kiuiiruss, as wi-ll as of WilMonow, applies
to tins, althouii^h Picsl refers llie i)laiits of these respective authors to two
(liftcrentpenora: — llial of Wilhknow (and HimihoMi) to true C/nlhea
and that of kaulfuss to liis CucmidarUi sprrlosa. It is ile.ir to nu- liow-
ever from his lifrurc of Cnoniiduria spcnoxa that he liad in view what I here
consider tlie Ilemildia nblnsa of Kaulfuss ; a species which more nearly
approaches tlie //. </raiiil!folia, if indeed it he really distinct.

2. 11.? (ilternans, \\oo\i.; unarmed or only with extremely
minute distant tuhercle.s on the l)ase of tlie stipes, fronds
only (.?) ])innate, ])inna:) very remote petiolate alternate oblong
lanceolate nuMnbranacco-eoriaeeous acuminated deeply pin-
natifid almost to the racbis, at the base again jiinnated, seg-
ments and ]iinnules oblong rounded at the apex with rather
an acute point nearly entire, veins all free forked near the
base rarely simple, sori on the veinlets above the fork (seldom
in the axil) copious forming a series half-way between llu^
margin and the costa, involucre a very shallow cup or little
pellicular peltate scale covered and concealed by the sorus.
Hook. Ic. PI. V. 7, /. 622. Polvpodium alternans, IVall. Cat
n. 329.

Hal). Pcnan<r, Dr. Wallirh, l«-2'2, Lady D>if/i,visir. — Thh is one of the
many Cyatheacenus plants whose fjenns will pro1)al)ly long he considered
douhtfui. The hahit sufficiently liarmonizes with tlie species of this ge-
nus: hut the involucre is not dimidiate, hut peltate and uearlv (lat, going
all round the hase of the sorus, though small and distinct and wholly covered
and concealed hy the sorus itself. As far as I can judge from my speci-
mens the fronds are only once pinnated, in this rcs])ect resemhliug the
tirst section, with very remote pinna», which are nearly a foot long, and,
only helow, again jnunated, the rest deeply pinnatilid. \'eins quite free
(never anastomosing).

3. H. ohfttsn, Kaidf. ; aculeated, fronds pinnate, ])inna'
broad-lanceolate acuminate ])innatifid or lobed half-w av down
to the racbis, lobes approximate so as to leave a Ner\ narrow
sinns, broadly oval obtuse subCalcate seiTtilate, sori at a little
distance from the margin and forming a continued line much
below the sinus so as to approach the racbis, veins generally
once or twice forked the lower ones angtdarly anastomosing
and sending out veinlets which meet or almost meet at the
sinus. (Tah. XIV. A.) Knu/J'. En. Fit. p. 252. Prcsl. Cne-
midaria speciosa, Preftl^Tent. Pterid. p. 57, t. 1, /! 10, 17, {sori
innccnnitc). Hemitelia speciosa, Mart. I. c. p. CO {in obs.),
t. J8,./: 2, {not Kaitlf.)

Hall. West-Indian islands, prohahly generally. Jamaica, Wiles. Trini-
dad, Huron de Sr/iach, Lork/iart. St. Vincent, Rev. L. Guildituj. British
Guiana, ('. .S'. Parlier, Ksq, French Guiana, {Dvlessirl). — bower part of
the stipes aculeated with short, rather obtuse j)rickles. I'uder sick- of the
fronds with deciduous hullatc whitish scattered scales upon the costa and
nerves.

30 HKMITKLIA.

4. H. grandifoUa, Spr.; aculeated, fronds pinnated, pinnae
large lanceolate acuminated pinnatifid more than two thirds
of the way down from the margin, lobes or segments oval-
oblong rather acute not closely approximate but leaving a
deep and moderate sinus subfalcate serrulate principally to-
wards the apex, sori at a little distance from the margin and
forming a continued line below the sinus reaching almost to
the costa, veins once or twice forked the lower ones angular-
ly anastomosing and sending out veinlets which almost meet
at the sinus. (Tab. XIV. B.) Plum. Fil. t. 26. Cyathea
grandifolia, Willd. Presl. C. horrida, Sieb. Fl. Mixta, n. 331,
and FL Mart. n. 375, [not Sm.) Cnemidaria Kohautiana, Pr.

Hab. Martinique, Plumier. Trinidad, Jamaica, St. Vincent, and proba-
bly the West-Indian islands generally. — Allied to the preceilino-, and the
two may possibly pass into each other. If so the name o^ grandifolia should
be retained. My specimens however seem tolerably constant. The stipes is
aculeated and the underside of the frond has frequently the same deciduous
scales as in H.obf.iisa. The fronds are 7 — 8 feet long, according to the late
Rev. L. Guilding.

** Fronds bipinnate or decompound.

5. H. horrida, Br. ; aculeated, fronds bipinnatcd clothed
beneath at first and on the rachis with cobwebby toraentum,
pinnules large ovate acuminate deeply pinnatifid almost to
the base, segments lanceolate short-acuminated or acute
lobato-dentate the lower ones almost again pinnatifid with
blunt short lobes, sori following the course of the margin but
descending in a double line below the sinuses halfway down
to the costa, veins pinnated, lower veinlets of the segments
often angularly anastomosing. (Tab. XV.) Cyathea horrida,
Sm. Presl. Polypodium horridum, L. Plum. Fil. t. 8. Cy-
athea commutata, Spr. [excl. the syn. of Plum. t. 14.)

Hab. St. Domingo, Martinique, Plumier. Trinidad, Z,ocA/ta?-<. Jamaica,
Dr. Distin. St. Vincent, Rev. L. Guilding. Jamaica, Dr. Mac Fadgen.
— From Plumier's description this does not appear to be arborescent ; for
he says, "Ex hujusce Filicis radicibus longis, nigris, exilibus et dense con-
feriis, costae sen caulicnli promanant, simplices, quatuor pedes circiter alii,
pollicem crassi, recti, tcvetes, paulo antica parte canaliculati, nigricantes,
splendentes, ac circumquaqne aculeis rigidis, nigris et longiusculis poUen-
tes." — Pinnules in our specimens 1 — ^\ foot long, ovate, sessile: at once
distinguished from the two preceding by the 2;reat size and form of the pin-
n8B, deeply divided into long, acute or acuminated segments, as well as by
the much ramified veins, and the copious fructilication at first sight appa-
rently scattered without order, and forming, as it were, a broad band close
to the margin all round the pinnules: — yet if this be accurately examined,
the sori will be seen to be placed with great regularity, in a single line or
series, following the edge of the shallow lobes, but extending down from
the sinirs about halfway to the costa, then returning up into the margin of
the adjoining lobe.

HKMITir.lA. 31

(j. H. pe/io/(it(f, Hook.; unanned, froiuls lnplicalo-])inniit«',
pinnules lancoolate peliolate acinninatu l()l)ato-])iiniatifi(l up-
per ones coadunate serrated (nol lol)ed) teruiinaliufjj iu an
aciuninated point, sori at the very margin continuing close
under the sinus in an uninterrupted line, veins ]nnnated, the
lower veinlets angularly anastomosing. (Tai$. \VI.) II. mar-
ginalis, ./. Sm. in Hook. Loud. Journ. of Hot. v. i. p. G'2.'2,
{name on It/).

Hab. Isthmus of Panama, Dr. Sinclair. — A perfectly distinct and well-
marked species. Each pinna is a foot and more lon>jf, pinnated with remote
peliolatcd pinnules, the upper portion only pinnatilid with simply serrated
(not lohed) se<;ments. Tiie sori form a beautiful, beaded border along the
margin, constituting a single scries, not descending below the sinus, but
keeping close to its margin.

7. H. Hofitmnnni, Hook.; stipes and main rachis scaly es-
pecially at the base of the former and tliere aculeated, fronds
bipinnated, pinnules oblong very obtuse sessile but cuneate
at the base, membranaceous junnatifid or lobed half-way down
to the rachis, upper ones coadunate and decurrent, sori re-
mote half-way between the sinus and the rachis situated on
the middle of the lower veinlets all of which are simple and
free. Hook. It: PL v. vii. t C46.

Hab. Dutch Guiana, Ilostmann, n. 64. — A very distinct and well-marked
species, of which I possess an entire frond about 4 feet long, including the
stip'es, which is a foot and a half, rich mahogany brown, on one side dense-
ly clothed with long dark brown glossy scales, on the other muricated with
short aculei. Pinn;p remote, a foot long (the largest), sessile, broad lance-
olate, pinnated with oblong, very obtuse pinnatilido-lobate pinnules, the
lobes rotiuulato-ovate, obtuse, entire, of a thin and flaccid texture, nerves
of each lobe pinnated, only the lowest pair of veinlets (all of which are sim-
ple and free) bearing, near the middle, each, a solitary sorus, so that on the
j)innules the sori are dista))t, and form a line very remote from the margin,
half way between the sinus and the rachis. The upper pinnules are con-
fluent, at first simply combined by a decurrent wing, then united iiUo a lol)ed
margin and terminating in a blunt entire acunun. The rachis of the pin-
niE is rough and somewhat scaly, that of the pinnules slightly strigoso-hispid.

8. H. ? Gnianensia, Hook. ; unarmed .'' rachis and even
the costa beneath slightly scaly and his]iidly strigose, fronds
bi-tri-pinnate, secondary rachis distinctly winged esj)ecially
upwards between the pinntdos, ])iiniules sessile oblong-
lanceolate ending in an obtuse entire acumen pinnatifid
rather more than half way down to the rachis mend)ranace-
ous, .segments ovate obtuse entire, veins free Ibrked near the
middle, sori iew in each segment ("2 — J) on the axil of tlie fork
rather nearer the margin than the costa, involucre ciliated ..I-
ten forming 2 or :i irregidar lobes chiefly but not (Mitirely on
the inferior side of the sorus. J look. fr. 1)7. r. \ii. /. i'^\^.

32 IIEMITELIA.

Hah. Britisli Guiana, C. S. Parker, Esq, — I do not find tliis anywhere
described, nor am I clear that it shoukl not he placed in Cyathca. In
halnt and form of the pinnules it has the closest affinity with the following;
but the involucre is dissimilar.

9. H. ? Parkeri, Hook. ; unarmed ? fronds bi-tri-pinnate?
main rachis slightly scaly and together with the lesser rachis
costa veins (more or less) and margin clothed with numerous
spreading hairs, rachis between the ])innules distinctly wing-
ed, pinnules sessile oblong-lanceolate bluntly acuminated
pinnatifid about half way down subcoriaceo-membranaceous
segments ovate obtuse entire, veins all free forked above the
middle and bearing the sori (several in each segment) in the
axil of the fork and rather nearer the margin than the costa,
involucre rather small ciliated dimidiate often bifid in age.
Hook. Ic. PL V. vii. t. C43.

Hab. British Guiana, C. S. Parker, Fsc/. — The win<^ed rachis, very dis-
tinct in the upper part between the pinnules, is a striking character in this
and the preceding species : but this is easily recognized by its copious hairs
and more abundant sori and very different involucre, which I think may be
considered entirely that of a Hemifelia ; though the general habit approach-
es nearer that of a true Cyathca or Alsophila.

10. Yi. multijlora, Br.; "fronds bipinnate, pinnules ob-
long-lanceolate acuminate pinnatifid, segments oblong obtuse
obtusely serrated, rachis winged, caudex arborescent." Willd.
Cyathea midtiflora, 6'^y/. IVilld. Sw. Alsophila, J^. »S'/;?. Am-
phicosmia multiflora, Gardn. in Hook. Load. Joiiru. of Bot.
V, i. p. 441.

Hab. Jamaica; ex Herb. Banks. (Smith). — With this I am unacqnaint-
ed, and Mr. Brown is the authority for its being referred to Hemitelia. Sir
Jas. Smith, with whom tlie species originated, has merely said of it (under

Cyuthea) " Caudice , fronde bipinuata pinuatifida, laciniis obtusis ser-

ratis, rachi alata, floribus sparsis, calyce lacero." Willdenow, who seems
to have been acquainted with the species, and whose character I have given
above, further remarks upon it, " Rachis margined on eacli side with a nar-
row decurrent line. Partial pinnae 2 feet long. Pinnules 4 inches long, an
inch broad at the base, lanceolate, acuminate, pinnatifid. Segments 5 lines
long, oblong, rather acute, obtusely serrated." Unfortunately neither Smith
nor Willdenow alludes to the venation, nor, except the brief notice of the
former, to the involucres. ]\Ir. J. Smith, who, as well as Mr. Gardner, has
examined the original specimens, says that, as far as can be judged from
the imperfect specimens, it differs from the preceding (H.? Parkeri) only
in wanting the coarse hairs on the racliis. jNIr. Gardner considers it allied
to Alsophila Capensis.

Doubtful Species.

11. H. tnunita. Cnemidaria munita, ZV. Cyathea, IVilld.
Hab. ? — This, to the best of my knowledge, is luiwhere described.

Presl places it in Cneviidaria, whence 1 have noticed it here.

1-2. H. serraln, J. Sin. in Hook. Lond. .Toiirn. of Bot. v. i.
p. ()(v2, [name oily).

13. II. moni/iferay ./. St/i. in Hook. Lond. Joiini. of Hot.
I. c. p. U()2, [name onli/).

14. H. cniciata, Desv. ; " piniiie opposite sessile linear-lan-
ceolate snbacuminate patent deeply cn'nate,\villi llie segments
somewhat imbricated incurved (obtusisque a)>ici latere acutius-
culis) obscurely toothed, costa and rachis naked, caudex ar-
borescent.? " Desr. in M^un. Soc. Linn. Par. v. ii. p. 5t21.

Hab. Tropical America, (Drsvau.r). '•' Iiilormediatc between H. grandi-
folia and sprciosa,'' (an obtusa /"). The latter remark would lead one to
infer that //. oblum or //. (jrandifolia is liere intended ; but nothinfr can be
learned from the s])ecific cliaracier, a ])art of which, inserted above in a pa-
renthesis, is unintelligible to me.

15. H. stif/mosa, Desv.; "fronds decompound? partial
ones pinnatifid, pinnules subpetiolate rather deeply pinnati-
fid decurrent, segments oblong obtuse entire stigmatose above
(supra stigmatosis) with a solitary sorus at the base, ])artial
rachis margined at the apex ferrugineo-})ilose beneath." /)e.sr.
/. c.p.i'2\.

Hab. Tropical America, {Desvaux).

16. H. cyathoides, Desv.; "fronds decompound, partial
ones bi])innate, pinna; petiolate winged at the middle of the
rachis acuminately obtuse (acuminate obtusis), pinnules slight-
ly pinnatifid glabrous, the segments suboblong obtuse repan-
do-subdenticulate, sori on each side at the base of the segments
nearly solitary, rachis downy above." Desv. I. c. p. 321.

Hab. Guiana, (Desvaux). " Segments nearly linear."

17. II, cordata, Desv.; "pinnules lanceolate acimiinate
shortly petiolate repando-dentatc nearly cordate at the base
subauriculate serrated at the apex, sori in an uninterrupted
series near the costa, rachis purple-black glossy downy above,
caudex arboreous .'' " Desv. I. c. p. 32 1 .

Hab. Madagascar, (Desvaux). " PinnEC a foot and a half long and more.
Pinnules nearh' 2 inches long, 4 — 5 lines wide." — This probably belongs to
some genus very different from Hemitelia.

18. H. /flf <:•/;? i'a/a, Spreng. ; "herbaceous imarmed, frond su-
pr«-deconipound glabrous flaccid, leaflets oblong-lanceolate
obtuse repand, sori small rather remote in two rows." Spreny.
Si/st. Veget. v.'w.p. 126. " Poly podium laciniatum, For.«f^
Herb:'

Hab. New Hebrides, Forster. — This also has most likely nothing to do
with Hemitelia.

Omitted after Hemitelia horrida, p. 30.

5.* H. Imrayana, Hook.; unarmed.? fronds bipinnate ? gla-
brous, pinnules large liroadly oblong-lanceolate acuminate

u

3i ALSO PHI LA.

deeply piunatifid almost to the base, segments lanceolate acu-
minate serrated, sori following the course of the margin in a
nearly single series, and reaching to the main costa at the si-
nus, veins pinnated, vcinlets 2 — 3, lower ones often anasto-
mosing. Hook. Ic. PL t. 669. — /3, segments coarsely serrated.
H. serrata, J. Sm. in Hook. Lond. Journ. of Bot. v. i. p. 662,
{name onlij).

Hab. Dominica, Dr. Imray, 18-39. ^. Jamaica? Wiles P {Herb. J. Smith).
— At first sight this has a good deal the appearance of the preceding, H,
horrida ; but the pinnae are much narrower, smaller, 10 — 12 inches long,
apparently always glabrous, the segments serrated, the veins much less co-
piously pinnated. The H. serrata, J. Sm. (without character), may, I think,
be safely considered a variety of this. (v. supra p. 32, n. 12).

3. Alsophila, Br. Mart.

Cyatheae sp. of authors. Hemitelia (I sp.), Br. Presl.
Amphicosmia, Garcln. Metaxya, Presl. Gymnosphaera, Bl.
Chnoophora, Kaidf. Trichopteris, Presl. Amphidesmiura,
Schott.

Sori globose, situated upon a vein or in the axil of a fork.
Receptacle elevated, frequently villous, punctiform in the sub-
genus Meta.xya. Involucre none, unless a loose laciniated de-
ciduous scale seen in some species and inserted at the lower
side of the base can be so called, or a minute indistinct mem-
brane covered by the sorus, or a few hairs radiating from
the base. Veins pinnated, simple or forked, free. — Arbores-
cent Ferns, similar in general habit and structure to Cyathea
(A. pruinosa excepted). — Hook. Gen. Fil. tab. 9 and 21.
Tab. 42. A. (Hemitelia, Br.) Tab, 42. B. (Metaxya, Pr.)
Tab. 34. (Trichopteris, Pr. Chnoophora, Kaulf.) Tab. 100,
(Gymnosphaera, BL)

Obs. The plants which I refer to this genus are those CyatheacecB in which
there is no real or evident involucre ; for I do not consider as such the lax,
deciduous, fimbriated scale seen at the base of Hemitelia Capensis, Br., and
Alsophila aspera. The learned and accurate Brown indeed viewed the scale
in question in a different light, when he referred the former plant to his genus
Hemitelia. If it be a true involucre, I do not see how some other Alsophi-
la: which have deciduous scales under the sorus, especially A. aspera (see
Bauer's figure in Hook. Gen. Fil.) can be retained in Alsophila.

If the genus Cyathea be difficult of determination, so far as the species are
concerned, the same difficulties exist here, and greater ones still, because
it is scarcely possible in several cases, with our imperfect specimens, to say
whether many should be referred to Polypodium or to Alsophila.

Sul)gen. I. Metaxya. Veins free, simple, rarely forked and only
near the base, copious, parallel, very patent. Sori one on each
vein forming a line or series close to the costa, and there are
frequently others higher up on the same veins. — Tropical
America. Fronds pinnate. Pinnce large, simple, a foot or

ALSI)PI111_A. 33

more tony, </ loss}/, Jinn. — Meluxya, Fr. lluoK. OtN. FiL. tab.
42, B. Ainphidesmium ? Scholf. Alsophilu, § I. CLiioophoru,
in part, Mart. {)io( Cliiiooj)lioia, Kaulf.)

1. A. hlechnoides, Hook.; fronds pinnate, pinna; lanceolate
serrated upwards and acuminated into a long narrow point,
sori generally on the lower hall' of the nerves. — Polypodium
blechnoides, Sw. Syn. FiL p. 73. P. rostratum, Willd. {not
Lain, and Sw.) P. Ilumboldtii, Poir. P. Parkeri, Hook, et
Grev. Ic. FiL t. 2'i2. Aspidimn rostratum, //. /?. K. Al-
sophila rostrata, Mart. L c. t. 39, [e.vcellent). — B. polijcarpa ;
sori extending almost to the margin of the pinna;.

Hal). Woods, Guiana {Swart:), Mr. Parker, Schnmburt/k, n. 18 and 313.
Hostmann, ??. 73. Orinoco, Humboldt. Province of Para and Rio Negro,
Brazil, Martins. Guatemala, Skinner. Isle of Gorgona, west coast of
Panama, Barclaij. Panama, Cuming, n. 112tj. Peru, Pooppig, in Herb,
nostr. — /3. Dutc4i Guiana, Hostmann, n. 1080. — A very beautiful species,
varving in the size and breadth of the pinuiP, which are sometimes a foot and
more long, but always terminating in a long, acuminated, narrow point. The
mr. /3. has, besides the line forming the linear series near the base, the
rest of the numerous sori extending to near the margin of the pinnfe,
and the margin is waved and jagged; and in this respect is what >Iartius
alludes to, when he says " variat interdum pinnis grosse lobatis et altius
dentalis."

Subgen. II. Trichopteuis. Veins parallel, twice or thrice forked,
patent. Sori solitary on the veins or in the upper forks, form-
ing a more or less regular or continuous line or series the length
of the pinnule. Capsules mi.ved with copious long persistent
hairs. — Tropical America. Fronds bipinnate. Pinnae mode-
rately large, 4 — 6 inches long. — Trichopteris, Pr^s/. Hook.
Gen. Fil. tab. 24.

2. A. Ticnitis, Hook. ; aculeated, fronds bipinnate, pin-
nules lanceolate acuminate glabrous more or less serrated or
entire between coriaceous and membranaceous, sori in an un-
interrupted series intermediate between the costa and margin.
— A. excelsa, Mart. L c. p. 63, t. 37. Polypodium T;i;nitis,
" Rolhy Nov. Sp. 394," [according to Kaulf.) Trichopteris
excelsa and denticulata, Pr. Polypodium Corcovadeuse,
Raddi, FiL Bras. p. 2G, /. 40.

Hab. Brazil, frequent about Rio and Corcovado ; St. Sebastian, Minas
Geraes and elsewhere, Memies, Marlius, Gardner, n. 5335 and 5336, Capt.
Bcecheg, Raddi, Macrae, Selloiv. — Varying in the size and breadth of ihe
pinnules and in the serratures : generally the substance is firm, but not
thick, sometimes almost membranaceous. Line or series of fructifications
continuous, regular. The copious hairs persist long alter the capsules have
fallen away.

3. A. elegans, Mart. ; aculeated, fronds bipinnate, pinnules
thick and coriaceous (fleshy ? when recent) lanceolate acute

D 2

'Mi Ai.sorjiii.A.

mostly entii'e slightly hairy and scaly beneath, sori in 2 or 3
series forming an uneqnal broad and more or less interrupted
series nearer the costa than the margin. — Mart. l. c. p. 63, /.
38. Trichopteris elegans, Pr.

Hah. Brazil, Sellou; m Hnb. nostr. Woods of St. Paul and Minas Ge-
raes, Martins. — This is prohahly a rare, hut very distinct, species. My on-
ly s|)eciinen is from the Royal Herharium of Berlin, and was gathered hy
Sclluw, prohahly in South Brazil. Besides the much less acuminated pin-
nules and the thicker texture, the veins are more sunk and less evident
than in the preceding; and the sori are more scattered, forming a very in-
terrupted, thick, hroad and irregular linear series ; in this respect, as it
were, connecting this section with the preceding, which iudeed Martius has
done (Sect. Chsoophoux); and certainly invalidating the characters as dis-
tinct genera. The original Chnnophora of Kaulfuss, however, let it he ob-
served, is a true Alsophila, {A. viUosa, Kze.)

Subgen, III. Eualsovhila. Veins free, simple or forked, rather
remote, obliquely patent from the main trunk or casta; branches
diverging {not parallel). Sori solitary at the base or about the
middle of a vein or in the axil of a fork. — Tropical or sub-tropi-
cal, of the old and of the netv world ; bi-tripinnate ; pinnules
pinnatijid, segments generally small. Sori few and scattered on
the segments, or sometimes forming a line, but frequently not a
continuous one [owing to the remote or distinct sori) between
the margin and costa. Hook. Gen. Fil. tab. 21, 42 & 100.
§ I. Sori with a spurious Involucre at the inner base.
4. A. Capetisu, J, Sm. ; unarmed, fronds triplicato-pinnate,
pinnae lanceolate acuminate pinnatifid almost to the rachis,
segments narrow-oblong acute falcate membranaceous ser-
rated, rachis and costa with small tullate deciduous scales,
and one lax laciniated one at the inferior base of each sorus
persistent .? veins all simple or very rarely forked dark-co-
loured, sori mucii elevated cylindrical generally solitary at
the base of the lowest vein on the upper half of the segment.
— Poly])odium Capense, L. Aspidium Cap. Siv. Cyathea
Cap. S}/i. Hcmitelia Cap. Br., Presl, Mart. Hook. Gen.
Fil. t. 42, A. Cyathea riparia, Willd. Amphicosmia riparia,
Cardn. in Lond. Journ. of Bot. v. i. p. 441, t. 12 [excellent).
— /3. polyantha : sori 4 — 6 on each segment.

Hah. Moist watery places. Cape of Good Hope, Thunberg and other
travellers. Java, Bluine, Millctl. Brazil, Marlins. Organ Mountains,
and Villa Rica in Minas Geraes, Gardner [n. .5954). "Trunk or cau-
dex 12 — 14 feet high; grows in mountain ravines in many parts of the
Cape Colony : there is a noble forest of this Fern in the moist woods above
' Paradise,' on the east side of Table Mountain," Harvey. — Various are the
opinions respecting the genus of this elegant arborescent Fern. Mr. Brown
placed it in his genus Honilelia, with which it accords in the simple veins
and in the presence of a scale under the sori, which that learned botanist,
as well as others, considers in the light of a tnie involucre : but to me this

ALSOFHII.A. HT-

supposed involucre appears to be of the nature and texture of the huHate
scales common on this and other Cyatlieaceous plants, not membranaceous
or resembling as it were a pellicle, but soft and succulent and vasculose,
similar also to what arc figured by Mr. Bauer at the base of the young sori
of Alsophiln nspera. Hook. Gen. I'm,, t.vh. 21, f. 1, 2. Prcsl retains the
name of IleuiiO'lia to the present plant, removing from it the other s;iccies
which Mr. Brown intended as the types of the genus {Cncmidaria, Pr.), on
account of the lower anastomosing veins and the difl'erent form of the in-
volucre : ascribing to the present ])lant an "indnsium inlerum, dimidiatuni,
semi-involucrans, concavum, latere superiore delioienle ; " and " sonis in
qualibet lacinia solitarius ; '' which latter is not a constant character. Mr.
Gardner considers it desirable to separate our plants both from Ilcmitelia,
Br. and Alsophila, and, finding the species to inhabit the new, as well as
the (dd world, gives to it the name of Amp/iirosmia. To this lie aids the
Cyathea mtiUi flora, Sm. {Ileiititeiiu, Br.) In the same volume of the ' Lon-
don Journal of Botany ' in which Mr. Gardner's paper appears, i\Ir. J.
Smith has given his views of the genus Alsop/tila, which he makes to de-
pend on the " veins (or venules) forked or simple free, sori axillary or me-
dial, involucre semicalyciform or sometimes very small or absent : " — and
then he has two sections, the one characterized by the presence of a more
or less distinct involucre, and that he subdivides by the simple and forked
veins : and thus our A. Capensis comes into his first section, with several
other species having spurious or very imperfect involucres. In the union of
our plant with Alsophila 1 entirely agree, and only differ fro\n Mr. J. Smith
in not laying so much stress as he does upon the value of the supposed iur
volucre. The simple or forked veins have the advantage at least of being
more apparent : but they are liable to great modiiicalions. Indeed, as re-
gards the fructification, there are so many and such insensible gradations
from the most perfect enp of Ci/cithea arbnrca to the entirely naked sori of
true Alsophila, and the slight differences in venation are accompanied by
so little of natural habit, that the older Pteridologists were not very wrong
who looked upon the whole of this group as one genus, Cijathea.

So far from the sorus being universally solitary on each segment of this
species, I possess specimens with as many as six upon a segment : when that
is the case, the one or two lower ones (as may also be observed when solita-
ry) is at the base of a vein ; ])ut the others are placed higlur up. I have
occasionally seen a forked vein, but have never observed the sorus in the
axil of it. Receptacles always very long, cylindrical, hairy. — Extended as
the remarks are already on the Alsophila Capensis, I must not quit the subject
without mentioning a remarkable change, as it appears, that many of the
pinna) have undergone on the lower part of the stipes. They mav be called
abortive pinnae, and are short, 3—4 inches long, many times miiltifid, with
narrow linear membranaceous hyaline segments with a rigid eosta ; and at
first sight so much resembling some Trichomanes ox Ilymiiiophi/llum in a
barren state, growing parasitically on the Alsophila, that Ivauii'uss has de-
scribed them under the name of Tricho manes P connophi/lluin, {L'tiuni. Fil.
p. 266). — The specific appellation '■'■ riparia,^' Willd., selected l)y Mr.
Gardner, is doubtless more appropriate, now that the plant has been found
not only at the Cape, but in Ja\a and in Brazil : but this circumstance
scarcely warrants the change of an old Linnaan name.

5. A. laiebrosa, Wall. ; stipes and main vacliis nnnicated
with short elevated ])oints, fronds bipinnale, ))inniV' lanceolate,
pinnnles narrow -lanteolate acmiiinate piniiiiiilid ahiiosl lo

88 ALSUl'Hir.A.

the racliis, segments nanow-oblong acute falcate subcoriace-
ous serrated, rachis and costa with small bullate scales, and
one generally at the base of the sorus, veins all once forked,
sori much elevated cylindrical copious occupying nearly the
whole segment. Polypodium latebrosum. Wall. Cat. n. 318
(Alsophila in index).

Hah. Penanj;^, Dr. Wallich. Assam, 3frs. Mack, Major Jenkins. — .Sti-
pes (lark mahogany-brown. Pinna; slender and graceful. In general hahit
a good deal allied to A. Capensis, and especially in the very prominent
and almost cylindrical sori, beneath which, frequently, but not always, a
concave scale is attached, showing a still further affinity with the preceding.
Here however the frond is more coriaceous, the veins are always forked, the
fructifications are more copious. In the present species the receptacle is
frequently split or forked.

§ II. ,S'ori destitute of involucre, or so minute as to be tvholly covered by
the sorus and with difficulty observed.
* Species of the West Indies, Mexico and South Atnerica.

6. A. Miersii, Hook. ; rachis aculeated with slightly de-
flexed prickles, fronds (bi?) pinnate, pinnules remote free even
to the terminal one narrow-lanceolate much and gradually
acuminated the long acumen serrated cuneate at the base the
rest pinnatifid half-way to the rachis glabrous, bullate scales
none, segments ovate obtuse nearly entire, veins simple and
forked, sori on all the segments chiefly occupying the lower
portion situated half-way between the costa and the margin,
receptacles hairy. A. acuminata, J. Sm. Gen. {name only).

Hab. Organ Mountains, Gardner, n. 117. Tejuco, J. Miers, Esq. — An
extremely well-marked Fern, with glabrous, glossy IVonds : the pinnules
much elongated, 6 — 8 inches long, gradually acuminated into a finely ser-
rated point, the whole of which is destitute of fructification; this latter is
confined to the segments, and is situated on the veins or forks of the veins,
the two series of which take the shape of the segments, being placed about
equidistant between the costa and the margin. Receptacles slightly ele-
vated, hairy.

7. A. procera, Kaulf.; aculeate, fronds bipinnate, pinnules
nearly sessile the ultimate ones united into a pinnatifid acu-
minated apex everywhere glabrous sinuato-pinnatifid lanceo-
lato-acuminate truncate at the base, the segments short round-
ed oblique obtuse quite entire with bullate scales upon the
rachis and costa, sori in 2 series half-way between the costa
and margin on the simple veins, receptacles elevated scarcely
hairy. — A. procera, Kaulf., Mart. PL Crypt. Bras. p. 64 et
40. Polypodium procorum, Willcl. P. pungens, Willd. {ac-
cording to Martins). A. Arbiiscula, Prcs/ {specimen in Herb.
tiostr.)

Hab. Brazil, Provinces of St. Paul, Minas and Para, Martins. Organ

ALSUi'HiLA. S9

Jlouutaius («. 114) aud Tejuco («. 5673) Gardner. — Quite different from
any previously described species of the genus; the pinnules, 2 — t inches
long, being very slightly jiinnatifid, the segments sliort and blunt; the
son dispersed over all the pinnatifid jxirtion.

8. A. HookeriiDui, Klotzsch ; slij)c.s and racliis strongly
aculeated, fronds everywhere glabrous or pubescent on the
partial racliis subcoriaceous, pinnules shortly petiolate lan-
ceolate slightly and obtusely acuminated cuneute at the base,
segments short rounded obtuse oblique quite entire, veins sim-
ple and forked, sori in 2 series half-way between the costa and
margin, bullate scales none, receptacles elevated hairy, rachis
of the pinnx winged between the upper pinnules. A. Hook-
eriana, Klotzsch in Herb. Key. Berol.

Hab. South Brazil, Sellow. St. Catherine's, Lai/ and Collie. — This I
was at first disposed to make a variety of the preceding, but it is probably
different : the stipes is very much aculeated, the fronds are more coriace-
ous, the pinnules not truncate at the base nor by any means so acuminated
at the apex, the veins are more frequently forked, the receptacles more hairy
and the capsules less crowded and compressed. A distinct wiug appears ou
the rachis of the pinnae, between the upper pinnules, in which respect it re-
sembles the following species.

9. A. armiyera, Kze. ; " fronds bipinnate, pinnules nearly
sessile falcate lanceolate the upper ones abbreviated inciso-
pinnatifid, the segments obtuse or truncated, sori forming a
line along the veins of each segment, partial and universal
rachis winged above and hairy rough beneath, stipes acule-
ated above, beneath rigidly paleaceous. Alsophila .'' armige-
ra, Kze. Syn. Plant. Crypt. Poep. p. 98.

Hab. Ventanilla de Cassapi (Maynas, in Herb, nostr.), Poeppiif. — Allieil to
A. proccra, but partially downy, very downy on the main rachis. Pinnules
also larger and rather more deeply pinnatilid. On the underside the veins
are nearly of the same color as the frond : in that respect approaching ^4.
aspera. There are hairs among the sori on the receptacles.

The above four preceding species differ from the rest of this group,
in the shallow segments of tlic pinnules, the deepest of them not being cut
half way down to the rachis. The following species however, A. aspera, is,
as it were, intermediate in that respect.

10. A.aspe)a,BY. ? ; stipes and rachis aculeated, mahi and
partial rachis above strigillosc slightly scaly beneath and on
the costa the rest glabrous shining, fronds bipinnate coriace-
ous, pinnules shortly petiolate oblong pinnatifid one half or
two thirds the way down with an acuminated point, segments
oblong-ovate rather acute serritlate, costa and simple or fork-
ed veins of the same color and texture as the frond, bearing
small bullate scales, sori very deciduous in '2 series interme-
diate between the costa and margin, receptacles moderately
elevated with few hairs. A. aspera, Ih.Y flook. ct Grev. Ic.

40 ALSorUlLA.

Fit. f.'2\:i—-2lo. Hook. Gen. Fil. tab. 5—11 an 1—4?
Cyathea aspera, ]ViUd.} — Cyathea nmricata, »S7e/'. Fl. Mixt.
n. 337, [and Fl. Martin, n. 374, according to Kaulf.). Kuulf,
Enum. Fil. p. 250? non WiUd. Sp. PL v. p. 497. A. nitens,
,7. Sw. Gen. Fil. [name only). — i3. more aculeated, aculei
longer. (Tab. XIX. B.)

Hab. Maitiiii(iue, Sieber. Jamaica, Bancroft, Macfadi/en, Purdie. — /3.
St. Viiuenl's, L. Guilding. — Probably differeut auihois have had dilTereut
jdaiits in view for their Cyathea or Alsophila aspera and Cyalhea or Atso-
p/ii/a mur'uata. I have relerred to the pnblislied specimens of Sieber
fur the phiiit here described. It is probably abundant in the West Indian
islands. Mr. Purdie speaks of it as very frequent in Jamaica, and as hav-
ing a slender stem, 20 — 30 feet high, hut not more than 2\ inches in dia-
meter. I iind no involucre whatever to the sori, and it would appear that the
capsules do not remain long in a compact form, but are quickly deciduous,
leaving a small receptacle, slightly elevated and moderately hairy. Fronds
very ample. Pinns 2 feet and more long, texture coriaceous, glossy, veins
conspicuous, prominent on the underside, and what is not common in the
genus, exhibiting a color and texture exactly analogous to that of the sur-
rounding parenchyme; or in other words, as if the same pavenchyme co-
vered the veins. Kaulfuss considers Sieber's plant the same with that
of Willdenow; but wliether it be identical with the original species of Plu-
mier (Fil. t. 8), from which Willdenow seems to have derived his charac-
ter, will probably long remain doubtful. See p. 18 of this volume, where
I have thought it right to include the name and character of Cyathea aspera
and of C. muricata, from Willdenow. My specimens from St. Vincent have
the stipes and main rachis with much longer aculei, but they are not other-
wise at all different; it is that state which is figured at our Tab. XIX. B.

11. A, armata, Presl; stipes and main racliis aculeate with
short prickles, rachis and fronds beneath clothed with fiiivinis
spreading hairs, fronds bipinnate coriaceous, pinnules Hnear-
lanceolate acuminate, scattered chaffy scales beneath, seg-
ments lanceolate subfalcate slightly obtuse crenate, veins fork-
ed above the middle, sori copious covering the whole segment.
A. armata, Presl, Pterid. p. 62. A. Swartziana, Mart. PL
Crypt. Bras. p. 73, t. 49. A. vestita, J. Sni. Gen. Fil. [name
only). Polypodium armatum, Siv. — |3, fronds very hairy on
the up])cr side. — y. pinnules more deeply serrated.

I-Iab. Jamaica, Sivurtz, Dr. Bancroft, Purdie. Brazil, Sellow.—^. Is-
land of Gorgona, Central America. — y. Tejuca near Rio de Janeiro, Mr.
Miers, in Herb. Gardner, n. 1 18. Cocos Island, Central America, Mr. Men-
zics. — I have followed Presl in retaining Swarlz's name of armata to this
plant, whicli Martins shows by a figure from Swartz's own specimen to be
the Potypodiioii nriiHiiiDn of Swarlz ; but which Martius has changed to
Swartziana, and given the previous name to another species, A. ferox, Pr.
Our plant entirely resembles .Martius' figure, except that the hairs are more
fulvous in our specimens. The base of the stipes is clothed with long,
glossy, chestnut-colored scales.

1-2. A. Gardneri, Hook.; everywhere clothed with brown-
ish woolly hairs especially beneath, stipes aculeate, fronds

AL.SOril[LA. 41

bipiniiate, pinnules lanceolate acuminate sessile deeply piu-
natifid nearly to the rachis, numerous small bullate scales
beneatl), segments oblong very obtuse entire everywhere
clothed with sori even to the acuminated apices. — 0. nearly
glabrous above and less hairy beneath. Cyathea nigrescens,
K/ofzsch in Herb. Rcy. BcroL

Hab. Woods, San Gactaiio, Brazil, Gardner, n. 5330.— ^. South Brazil,
Sdlow. — This species in some respects resembles A. armata, but is more
universally haiiy or almost woolly, and the hairs are less tawny ; the sep-
meuts are broader, and more obtuse and entire.

13. A. fero.v, Presl ; more or less pubescenti-hirsute espe-
cially on the nerves, rachis and stipes with long sharp aculei,
fronds bipinnate, pinnules sessile broadly lanceolate narrow
acuminate deeply pinuatifid almost to the rachis, segments
linear-oblong falcate serrated, small bullate scales beneath,
nerves forked, sori copious but not wholly covering the seg-
ments. A. fei*ox, Presl, Pterid. p. 62. Cyathea ferox, Pr.
Alsophila armata, Mart. PL Crt/pt. Bras. p. 72, t. 48, [jiot
Presl). Poly])odium aculeatum, Raddi, Jul. Bras. t. 41. Chno-
ophora aculeata, Kaulf. in Herb. Mart. — ^. costa beneath
with more copious bullate scales. — y. segments broader, costa
with numerous scales beneath. A. Sellowiana, Presl.

Hab. Brazil, probably frequent, Raddi, Martius, Mr. Booy, Gardner, n.
27. Bahia, Sallzmann. British Guiana, frequent, C. S. Parker, Esq.
Surinam, Splityerher.— ^. Guiana. — y. S. Brazil, Sellou: — This appears to
be a very disiinct species, of which an excellent lifjure is given by Martius,
and another by Raddi. It should rank near to A. armata, Presl ; but it is
much less hairy, and the sei;ments are generally narrower: yet in these re-
spects the plant seems liable to vary, and n)y var. y. has been deemed de-
serving of specific distinction by our friend Dr. Klolzsch. On similar
grounds our present species of Alsophila might be increased four-fold.

14. A. leiicolepis, INI art. ; "frond bipinnato-])artite slightly
strigilloso-hirsute on the nerves and nervules above beneath
with the scales and scalelets large, stipes aculeate, partial ra-
chis imarmed, pinna) linear-oblong acuminate, pinnules linear
acuminate pinnalifid, segments between the rounded sinuses
linear-lanceolate subfalcate sinuato-dentatc, sori 10 — 12 on
the segments." Mart. PL Crypt. Bras. p. 70, /. 4G.

Hab. Brazil ; Province of Minas Geraes, Martius. Near Inficionado,
Gardner, n. 53"J!». Woods, Gongosoco, Gardner, n. 5331. — From the ge-
neral api)earance of Mr. Gardner's specimens, and the presence of the copi-
ous while scales beneath, I can have little hesitation in referring them hi-
ther ; but the segments of the pinnules are broader, and there are none or
but very few of those larger scales which form so conspicuous a feature in
INlartius' plant. The whole frond is very opaque (not glossy), and in Mr.
Gardner's m. 5331, there are still fewer of the large scales, and the veins
are frecjucntly simple as well as forked.

43 ALSOFHILA.

16. A. phalerata, Mart. ; " frond bipiimato-partite strigil-
lose on the veins above slightly downy beneath elsewhere
glabrous, stipes aculcolate at the base, pinnae in their circum-
scription narrow-oblong acuminate, common and partial ra-
chis unarmed strigillose above, pinnules linear acuminated
pinnatifid serrated at the apex, segments linear-oblong ob-
tuse somewhat seiTated towards the apex those towards the
summit crenate on their anterior edge (antice crenata), the
uppermost confluent into crenated pinnae, sori biseriatc in
the inferior part of the segments." Martins, PI. Crypt. Bras,
p. 67, t. 4-2. Cyathea phalerata, Martins, olim. — 13. costa with
a few small scattered scales beneath.

Hab. Brazil : woods in the Province of Bahia, Mavtius. — ^. Ilhios, ]\Io-
ricand. Demerara and Guadeloupe, C. S. Parker, Esq. Dominica, Dr.
Imray, n. 110. — Our specimens from Moricand, Mr. Parker and Dr. Imray,
altogether agree with the figure and description of Marlins, except that
they have, generally, small scales beneath the pinnules, which appear wanting
in the original plant. The veins are often twice forked, the forking commen-
cing below the middle, so that the .sori are nearer the costa than the mar-
gin. In some of Dr. Imray's specimens the segments are more elongated,
narrower, and frequently more serrated.

16. A.. infesta,lLze.; "frond bipinnate, pinnules imequal
at the base pinnatifid acuminate, segments oblong falcate ra-
ther obtuse, sori uniseriate approaching the margin, rachis
])uberulous furrowed and paleaceous, stipes chaffy above acu-
leate below." Kze. Syn. PL Crypt. Poepp. p. 98. — /3. pin-
nules narrower and more scaly beneath. Alsophila fumata,
Klotzsch in Herb. Reg. Berol.

Hab. Maynas, Peru, Poeppiy in Flerb. Jiostr. British Guiana, C. S. Par-
ker. Dominica, Dr. Imray, n. 1 19. — /3. South Brazil, Sellow. — A compa-
rison of my Guiana plant with an authentic specimen of A. infesta, Kze.,
shows it to be the same. The pinnules are rather broad, membranaceous,
the segments ovato-oblong, obtuse ; the sori in a double line, occupying but
a small portion, comparatively, of the segment between the costa and mar-
gin, but placed nearer the latter. The veins are simple or forked towards
the margin ; scales few, almost obsolete. — Var. /3. may possibly prove a dif-
ferent species ; it is smaller, the pinnules narrower, the veins almost wholly
simple, and there are small ovate and acuminated bullate pale scales on the
costa beneath. On Dr. Imray's specimens the young sori exhibit a very
minute and imperfect involucre apparently consisting of small erect scales,
which become obsolete as the fruit advances to maturity.

17. A. compta. Mart.; " frond bipinnate slightly hairy and
paleolate, general and partial rachis beneath sparingly acu-
leate slightly hairy above, pinnules linear acuminate some-
what triangular and entire at the a]5ex pinnatifid, segments
linear-oblong obtuse, sterile ones serrulate, upper pinnules
simple linear falcate the upj^ermost united into a pinnatifid

ALSOPHILA. 48

pinna." Martius, PL Crypt. Bras. p. 6U, ^ 41. Cyalhea
compta, Martius, olim.

Hah. Brazil; Province of St. Paul, il/ar/tw^. Caraccas, Linden. Ta-
basco, Mexico, Linden, n. 1919. — II" I am not greatly mistaken, the above
two Alsopldlas of Linden from Caraccas and from Mexico, are identical
with A. compta, Mart. Tlicy exhibit the same form of pinnules, and the
veins are alike, except that the forking in our specimens takes place nearer
the margin than is represented in Martius' figure.

18. A. eloiHjaia, lloolv. ; sharply aeiileated, glabrous ex-
cept on the rachis above, fronds bipinnate, pinnules lanceo-
late much elongated pinnatifid nearly to the rachis terminat-
ing in a long narrow serrated acumen, segments remote linear
rather acute rigid much falcated the margins recurved serrat-
ed, veins twice or thrice forked from near their base, sori
numerous covering the entire segments except at the apex,
bullate scales none or deciduous, receptacle very hairy.

Hab. Columbia, probably the low plains, Hartweg, n. 1528. — This has
the appearance of being a distinct species, at any rale it is considerably dis-
similar from any that I am acquainted with. Tn the crowded fructifications
it resembles the A. armata : but the pinnules are very different. The sin-
gle pinna in my herbarium is nearly 3 feet long, rigid, coriaceous, downy or
strigillose on the rachis above, the rest quite glabrous, if wc except the long
hairs among the capsules. The pinnules are 6 — 8 inches in length, finely
acuminated, the segments nearly an inch long, narrow, much falcated, the
margins a good deal recurved, the whole underside, except at the apex,
crowded with the fulvous sori.

19. A. Poeppigii, Ilook.; glabrous except the rachis above,
pinna? closely pinnated, pinnules elongated sessile oblong-
lanceolate much and suddenly acuminated pinnatifid nearly
to the costa, segments thick and coriaceous crowded narrow-
oblong falcate very obtuse densely clothed with sori to the
very apex almost to the extremity of the acuminations, the
margins slightly reflexed, bullate scales none, copious hairs
among the capsules. — A. villosa, Kze. Syn. PI. Crypt. Poep.
p. 99 [accord in y to an authentic apecimen of Poeppig in
Herb, nostr.), e.vcludiny the synonynts.

Hab. Peru, 1829, Poepjmj in Herb, nostr. — This plant, although called
A. villma by Kunze in the Synopsis of S. American CryptogamiaB,has no-
thing to do with the Ci/athea villosa, H. B. K., which is adduced as a sy-
nonym. The species is more nearly allied to, though quite different from,
A. armata. My solitary specimen does not show whether the stij^es is acu-
leated or not. The rachis is glabrous, except above. Pinnules wholly gla-
brous above, the segments very close compact and regular, much broader
and stouter and blunter than in our A. ehmgatn, and not the smallest por-
tion of them is destitute of sori. The long apex is so .suddenly acuminated,
that the pinnules might be called caudate.

20. A. villom^ (Kze .?) Presl ; stipes unarmed or only beset
with small dark elevated points, fronds tripinnatc glabrous
above clothed beneath (and on both sides in the young stale)

11 ALSOI'illLA.

with a luore or less copious and lax touienlum, piiiiia3 nearly
erect ovate (in circumscription) acuminate, pinnules oblong-
lanceolate gradually acuminated more or less pinnatifid cori-
aceous, the segments oblong obtuse entire or coarsely serrated,
veins twice or thrice forked of the same color and texture be-
neath as the Irond, sori in 2 series rather distant on each side
the costa, receptacle slightly elevated, hairs among the cap-
sules long woolly. A. villosa, Kze.}* Cyathea villosa, H. B. K.
Nov. Gen. Am. v. i. p. 24, and v. vii. t. 670; Willd. Sp. PL
v.v.p. 495. Chnoophora Humboldtii, Kniilf. En. Fil. p. 250.
— Als. tomentosa, Presl, according to Klotzsch in Herb. Beg.
Berol. A. humilis, J. Sni. Gen. Fil.

Hab. Near Caripe, Santa Cruz and Guardia San Aiignstin, Missions of
Chaymas, Caraccas, Humboldt and Bonpland. Caraccas, Linden. Brazil,
near Moro Velho, n. 5334, and Serra do Frio, n. 5332, Gardner. S. Brazil,
Sellow. — This species is extremely well figured by Humboldt in the work
above quoted, and is indeed a very remarkable one, with a habit in many
respects considerably different from that of other A/sophilce. The piniige
and pinnules do not spread at almost right angles from the rachis, which is
common in the present genus, but point upwards. It is more divided, so
as to be at least tripinnate. The whole plant, too, especially in a young
state, is clothed with lax, deciduous, cobwebby hairs.

21. A. plagiopleris, Mart. ; " fronds bipinnato-partite, sti-
])es aculeate, partial rachis and veins downy above, scales on
the veins kw and deciduous, pinnae linear-oblong acuminate,
pinnules linear much acuminated and pinnatilid, segments
between the rather broad sinuses lanceolate falcate toothed at
the apex, the fertile ones nearly entire, the sterile serrated, in
each pinntde the lowest and shorter segment is obliquely ad-
nate with the rachis, sori upon the entire segments from 8 — -
16." Martins, PL CrijpL Bras. p. 73, /. 50.

Hab. Brazil; Province of St Paul, Martins. South Brazil, Sellow. —
My own specimen of this, from the Royal Berlin Herbarium, quite coin-
cides with the figure and description of Martins.

22. A. paleolata, Marl.; " frond bipinnato-partite, on both
sides but especially beneath pubescent, the veins and vein-
lets beneath densely clothed with ovate white scales, stipes
and rachis actdeate, common and partial rachis and veins
strigillose above, pinnae linear-oblong shortly acuminated,
pinnules linear shortly acimiinated pinnatifid, the apex ser-
rated, the segments linear-oblong subfalcate toothed in the
upper margin, the ultimate ones confluent so as to form ser-
rated pinnae sori in the lower part of the segments 4 — 8

* In Syn. PL Crifpt. Poep. But it is a question if it ought to be referred
here, or to the preceding very dilTerent species : and Knnze quotes both
of these under his Aluop/iila vil/nsa.

ALSOI'lllLA. 45

arranged in '2 rows." Mart. PL Crypt. Bras. p. ()8, /. 43.
Polypodiuni Alsophihun, Link. Als. munita, Presl.

Hah. Brazil; Province of St. Paul, St. Sebastian and Baliia, Martins.
— Dr. Martins com|)ares this with A. armala (our A.ferox), from which it
appears to me very distinct. Presl calls this Als. munita, Kaiilf., but I
know not upon what authority; for it is a species I find nowhere described.

23. A.hirsnta, Kaulf. ; "frond tripinnatifido-partite slight-
ly hairy on both sides csjieoially beneath, and there furnished
with little scales, stipes and rachis aculeate beneath, and as
well as the partial rachis rough with hairs, pinna? linear-ob-
long shortly acuminate deeply pinnatifid, segments broadly
lanceolate inciso-semipinnatiiid, the ultimate segments ob-
liquely ovate acutely serrate above, sori in each segment 8 —
16." A. hirta, Kaulf. Eu. Fit. p. 249. Martins, PI. Crypt.
Bras. p. 69, t. 44. Cyathea hirsuta, Presl. Polvpodium ax-
illare, Racldi, Fil. Bras. p. 27, ^ 41.

Hab. Brazil; Province of St. Sebastian, Martius. Rio Janeiro, Ruddi.
— Gaudithaud has adduced the Polijpinlium axillarp, Raddi, as a synonym
to this plant, and probably correctly.

24. A. riyiiluln, Mart. ; "frond bipinnato-partite rather firm
ovato-rhomboid flocculoso-pubescent especially beneath, sti-
pes clothed at the base with long whitish ciliated scales and as
well as the rachis aculcolate nodulose slightl}'- hair}' above in
the middle, pinnules lanceolate rather obtuse at the base on
the lower margin subdecurrent ])innatifid and crenate, the
ultimate confluent into a serrated acumen, sori 2 — 4 — 6 in
each segment." Martius, PL Crypt. Bras. p. 74, t. 51.

Hab. Woods, Province of St. Paul, Brazil, Martius.

25. A. nigra, Mart.; "frond bipinnato-partite slightly hairy
the hairs spreading, scales none, sti})es and rachis aculeate,
partial rachis and veins hairy, pinuic linear-oblong acumi-
nate, pinnules linear acuminate pinnatifid, segments between
the rather acute sinuses linear-oblong obtuse crenato-dentate
in the superior margin, sori 8 — 10 covering the whole seg-
ments." Martius, PL Crypt. Bras. p. 71, t, 47.

Hab. Province of Rio Negro, Brazil, Martins.

26. A. f nun ticola. Mart. ; "frond bipinnato-partite, rachis
and nerves villous below and above villoso-tomentose, the rest
of the plant nearly glabrous above downy beneath, ]iinnie and
pinnules oblongo-lanceolate acmninate, segments of the pos-
terior pinnie linear-oblong pinnatifido-serrate, the .serratures
acute nearly entire, sori 6 — 10 on the segments, segments of
the superior pinnae toothed with the sori nearly solitary."
Martius, PL Crypt. Bras. p. 75.

46 ALSOPlilLA.

Hal). Brazil. Province of Minas Geraes, Villa Rica, Brazil, Freireiis
(in Martins).

27. A. Sprengelinna, Mart. ; " frond bipinnato-partite, sti-
pes aculeate and as well as the rachis and veins sparingly-
downy, pinna; oblongo-lanceolate acuminate, pinnules linear-
oblong much cuspidate, segments between the rather acute
sinuses obliquely linear-oblong rather obtuse denticulate on
the superior margin, the lower posterior segment of each pin-
nule shorter but not decurrent, sori 8 — 10 occupying the
whole segment." Martins, PL Crypt. Bras. p. 75. " Cya-
thea armata, Spreng. in Herb. Bertero'''

Hab. San Domingo and Guadeloupe, Bertero.

28. A. atrovirens, Presl ; " fronds compound, pinnae pin-
nate subpetiolate, pinnules sessile broadly lanceolate coarsely
and pinnatifidly dentato-serrate denticulate, sori scattered or
arising from an hemispherical receptacle, stipes with short
spines (arborescent)." Polypodium atrovirens, Langsd. et
Fischer, Fil. Bras. p. 12, t. 14. IVilld. Sp. PI. v. v. p. 188.

Hah. St. Catherine's, Brazil, Langsdorff. — This is, no douht, as Presl
has rightly judged, an Alsophila : and, so far as can be inferred from the
figure, nearly allied to A. procera, or perhaps A. Hookeriana.

29. A. radetis, Kaulf ; " fronds bipinnate, pinnules linear-
lanceolate pinnatifid, segments oblong obtuse nearly entire,
rachis aculeate beneath, costa paleaceous." Kaulf. En. Fil.
p. 248.

Hab. Brazil, Chamisso. — "Pinnae about 2 feet long; pinnules Ij — 2
inches. Sori minute, globose, inserted upon the receptacle, parallel with
the costa of the segments and arising from the middle of the veinlets. In-
volucres scarcely any."

30. A. setosa, Kaulf.; "fronds tripinnate, secondary pinnae
lanceolate acuminate pinnated at the base glaucous beneath,
pinnules linear subfalcate toothed at the apex, partial rachis
flexuose setose above, costulae beneath with chaffy ciliated
scales." Kaulf. Enum. Fil. p. 249.

Hab. Brazil, Chamisso. — "Plant very large. The specimens which I have
examined have the general rachis about as thick as the little finger, rather
rough ; the primary pinnae more than 1 foot long, secondary 3—4 inches;
sori globose covered with a very thin, torn, reclinate involucre, of which
from 8 — 10 are inserted on each pinnule," (segment). — It is singular that
with so evident an involucre as he describes, Kaulfuss should not have re-
ferred this Fern to Cyathea.

31. A. pi/cnocarpa,Kze.; " frond bipinnate, pinnae alter-
nate petiolate, petioles thickened at the base, pinnules sub-
sessile lanceolate ci-enato-serrate or subincised, the apex
obtuse subfalcate entire, sori clustered on the segments, ra-

AI.SOPUILA. 47

chis flexuose angled and as well as the stipes aculeate with
white chafiy scales above." Ki/nze, St/n. PI. Crypt. Poepp.
p. 97.

Hab. Woods of Panipay, near Peru, Pneppig.

32. A. siihaculeata, Splitg. ; "frond bijjinnate, pinnae alter-
nate nearly glabrous, pinnules lanceolate acuminate pinnatifid
segments oblong obtuse dentate, rachis and stipes subacule-
ate." Split (J. En urn. Fit. Surin.

Hab. Surinam, Spliffjerhn: — The above brief character is not calculated
to throw light on the species here intended, nor can much more be learned
from the full description. The author compares it with Als. nigra, Mart.
(«. 25 of this work).

33. A. pilosa, Martius et Galeotti ; " fronds ample pilose
ovato-lanceolate sub-bipinnale, pinna? patent lanceolate elon-
gate much acuminate deejily pinnatifid, upper ones gradually
smaller, segments linear oblong obtuse toothed at the apex,
the margins revolute glabrous above, veins parallel, the rachis
and costa hairy beneath, sori globose crowded submarginal
pilose, stipes and common rachis hairy." Martius et Gale-
otti, Syn. Fit. Mex. p. 78, /. 22.

Hab. Mexico; Totutla, Colony of Mirador, at an elevation of 4000 feet
above the level of the sea, GaleoUi, n. <5405. — " Frond 4 — (5 feet. Pinnae
2—10 inches ; the lower ones a foot long, segments half an inch to an inch
long." — It is impossible from such a description and from such a figure to
offer an opinion on the affinities of this species. The veins are represented
as quite simple, parallel and nearly horizontal, and the sori, although
stated to be globose, are oblong in the plate.

34. A. Mexicantty Mart.; "frond tripinnatifido-partite spar-
ingly hirsute on both sides, stipes and rachis rough with hairs
and furnished with deciduous scales varying in size, pinnae
linear-oblong acute, pinnules linear acuminate deeply pinna-
tifid, ultimate segments obliquely and broadly ovate entire or
emarginato-bidcntate, sori on each segment near the rachis 2
—8." Mart. PI. Crypt. Bras. p. 70, t. 45.

Hab. Mexico, Province of Oaxaca, Karwinski.

35. A. priiinata, Kaulf. j fronds bipinnate glaucous be-
neath rigid woolly upon the rachis, pinnules lanceolate (small)
deeply pinnatifid, segments ovato-lanceolate very acute sinu-
ato-serrate, veins simple, sorus solitary at the base of each
segment, capsules mixed with copious hairs. — Polypodium
pruinalum, Su\ Fl. Incl. Occ. v. iii. p. 1682. P. glaucum, Sw.
Prodr. p. 134. P. cinereum, Cavan. P. griscum, Schkuhr,
Fit. t. 25. Cyathea discolor, Bory, in Diipcrrcy's Joy. Crypt,
p. 281.

ilab. Jamaica, nhuuilanl, Suartz aud oihrrs. Mexico, f.huJen, n. \S,

48 AI.SOPHII.A.

C?«/eo«i,n. 6334. Chili, fieqneiU: Conception, Cmj/uwjt, ». 153. Valdivia,
Iiridges,n. 8l4,i)/r. Reipiolds. Juan Fernandez, Bertero, 7i. 1553, Douglas.
— Tiiis is said to have astern from 3—6 or 8 feet high, and which Mr. Doug-
las compares to a small pine-tree, leafy at the top. The stipes is quite
smooth, the underside of the frond singularly glaucous, equally so with the
Cyathea dealbata of New Zealand ; the pinnules are extremely numerous,
small, not exceeding 1 — \\ inch in length, but the pinnEe are ample.
In habit and appearance this is extremely distinct from any other Alsophila,
and the receptacles are very slightly elevated ; so that it must be consi-
dered but a doubtful species of the genus.

Dubious Species of the West Indies, Mexico and South America.

36. A. Domheyi, Desv.; "fronds glabrous, pinnules sessile
elongato-lanceolale acute slightly pinnatifid, segments obtuse
nearly entire oblong, sori near the costa, rachis unarmed."
Desr. Prodr. Fil. in Mem. Soc. Linn. v. n. p. 320. Peru. —
" Pinnules resembling those of A. aspera, but the sori dif-
ferently placed. Involucre unknown." Desv.

37. A. iMille/olium,'Desv.; " fronds decompound subqua-
drifido-pinnate, pinnules dilated at the base acuminato-atte-
nuate at the apex, shortly petiolate pinnate, lowest pinnulets
petiolate deeply pinnatifid alately adnate, segments elongato-
triangular, involucres lacerato-crinite, rachis glabrous unarm-
ed above pulverulently pubescent." Desv. I. c. p. 320. —
Hispaniola. Desvaux makes no further remark, except to
adduce as a synonym the "Filix aurea ramosa, etc., Plmn.
Fil. p. 26, t. 33."

38. A. Schiedeana, Presl; "fronds bipinnate, pinnae deeply
pinnatifid. Arboreous, aculeate, nearly allied to Polypodium
{Alsopliila) procerum, Willd., from which it differs in the acu-
lei, in the pinnules being more deeply pinnatifid, and the seg-
ments nearly entire. — Also allied to Pol. pungens, Willd.
{Alsopliila, Kaitlf ), from which again it differs in the pinnules
being shortly acuminate, more deeply pinnatifid, the segments
broader obtuse slightly dilated at the apex ; and in the sori
not being contiguous." Scldect. in LimKEa, v. iii. p. 609.
Huitamalco and Cuapa, Mexico, {DeCandolle).

39. A. Martin icensis, Sprengel, Syst. Veget. iv. p. 124. —
" Frond pubescent, pinnules lanceolate pinnatifid acuminate
entire at the apex, segments oblong obtuse crenate, rachis
and stipes hairy. Martinique." — This seems to be taken up
from Sieber's published specimens of Martinique Ferns, where
a species is given under that name. But if so, it is probably
rather a Polypodiaceous plant.

A. Perinniana, Spreng. 1. c. p. 125, is the same as Wood-
sia Perinniana. Hook, et Grev.

ALSOriilLA. --'

40. A. (Gymnosphaera, J. Sm.) actileatu, J. Sin., Gen. Fil.
name only. — Trinidad.

41. A. spec/osa, Prcsl, Pttnid. p. 02. Under this name Presl
refers to " Po/t/podiiim .speciosio/i, Meyen, St. i. \). 108." — S.
America }

A.sltif/osa, J. Sm., (ien. Fil. (name only), from Briti.sh Gui-
ana, ''Scliombun/k, n. 304," the author is disposed to consider
the same as Hemitelia Hostinanni, supra, p. 31.

A. serrata, J. Sm., Gen. Fil. (name only), from Jamaica,
Mr. Smitli considers probably a var. of A. aspcra.

A. Tumaceu.sis, J. Sm., Gen. Fil. (name only), is A. elon-
gata, supra, p. 43, n. 18 ; to which may be added Island of
Tiauaca, Central America, Barclay.

A. Icevls, J. Sm., Gen Fil. (name only), is Hemitelia Gui-
anensis. Hook, supra, p. 31, n. 8.

A. tenera, J. Sm., Gen. Fil. (name only). — St. Vincent's,
Caley. A portion of this, now before me, consisting of a
pinna with a part of the main rachis, is unai'med and every
where glabrous, excejjt a few rather long scattered hairs on
the veins above and closely apprcssed shorter ones on the ra-
chis above. Pinnules about 3 inches long, broad lanceolate,
thin and very membranaceous, deeply pinnatifid almost to the
base, shortly acuminated into a narrow serrated point ; seg-
ments oblong, obtuse, slightly falcate, serrated, lower veins
forked, with the sori in the forks. The capsules have mostly
fallen away, still there remains a shallow cup-shaped involu-
cre much broken at the margin, but so large and so entirely
surrounding the receptacle that I should have no hesitation
in referring the plant to Cyathea. Its very tender frond may
be the consequence of gi-owing in a shady situation.

A. brevis,J. Sm., Gen. Fil. (name only). This Mr. Smith
now considers may be a Polypodium.

** Species of the South Sea Islauds and Australia.

42. A. eax-elsa, Br. ; stipes and main rachis muricated,
rachis when young especially beneath clothed with chaffy
scales frequently mixed with wool, fronds bi]iinnate, pinnules
oblong-lanceolate acuminated, segments oblong rather acute
serrated at length coriaceous with the margins reflexcd, lower
ones subauriculate at the base free and even sHghtly petioia-
ted, the lower half or sometimes the whole segments bearing
sori, veins often twice or thrice forked, capsules mixed with
hairs, involucre nearly obsolete a lliin minute irregular niem-

£

50 ALSOPHILA.

brane beneath the sorus which entirely conceals it. (Tai;,
XVI 1 1. A.) A. cxcelsa, Br. Proclr. [note) p. 158. Endlicher,
Prodi: Fl. Norf. Isl. p. 16. Backhouse, Austral. Voy. plate
at p. 265, [group qt' trees tvith A. cxcelsa).

Hal). Norfolk Island, Fcrd. Bauer, A. Cunningham, Backhouse. — Al-
tlu)Ug:li there may be more lofty species of Tree Ferns in the East Indies,
the present one is not undeserving^ the name of cxcelsa. This appella-
tion has been universally attributed to Mr. Brown, by whom the plant was
perhaps lirst noticed in print, and who referred it to the genus Alsophila ;
yet it appears to me that by the expression " necnon plures ineditse ab In-
dia utraque et una excelsa Insulae Norfolcitc," he merely intended a Infty
species of Norfolk Island ; there being already a Cyathea cxcelsa, and in-
deed an Alsophila excelsa of Martius (our A. Tamitis). Lieut. King* says
of this noble Fern, " It grows to the height of 80 feet, and the branches
(fronds) which resemble the palm-tree, fall off every year, leaving an in-
dentation on the trunk. The middle of the tree, from the root to the
apex, consists of a white substance resembling a yam, and when boiled it
tastes like a bad lurnep: this the hogs feed on greedily. It is found in
great plenty all over the island." Mr. Cunningham measured a trunk
which he felled in 1830, which was 57 feet in length without the fronds.
Mr. Backhouse measured the stems " 40 feet high, crovvned with magnifi-
cent circular crests of fronds." Endlicher's description of this noble Fern
is very full and accurate.

43. A. australis, Br. ; glabrous, stipes aculeated ? fronds
bipinnate, pinnules (rather small 2 — 4 inches) linear-lanceo-
late acuminate deeply pinnatifid paler somewhat glaucous
beneath, segments ovate acute entire or slightly serrated, bul-
late scales none, sori from 1 — 4 occupying the lower part of
the segment, veins simple and forked, capsules mixed with a
few hairs. (Tab. XIX. A.) Br. Prodr. p. 158. Sieh. Syn. Fil.
01. 122. Fl. Mix't. n. 241.

Hab. N. S. Wales. Port Jackson and Tasmania, R. Brown. Macquar-
rie Harbour, Tasmania, Backhouse. — Probably a rare species. The only
specimens I am so fortunate as to possess, are amongst Sieber's collections.
Mr. Backhouse, in his interesting Australian Voyage, speaking of Philip's
Island, Macquarvie Harbour, Tasmania, says, "We walked over the island
and along one of its sides, which was woody and which exhibited the finest
Tree Ferns we had yet seen, and in great profusion. They were of two
kinds, one of which we did not meet with elsewhere [Alsophila australis).
Some of the larger fronds or leaves were 13 feet long, making the diameter
of the crest 2t) feet. The stems w ere of all degrees of elevation up to 25
or 30 feel: some of them, at the lower part, were as stout as a man's body :
those of Cibotium Billardieri were covered with roots on the outside: the
whole length of those of the other species, Alsophila australis, were clothed
with the bases of old leaves, which were rough, like tlie stems of raspber-
ries, closely tiled over each other and pointing upwards." — In our dried
specimens the upper side of the frond is dark green, almost black, pale and

* Sec Memoir of the late Allan Cunningham, Esq., by Mr. Heward,
Hooker's bond. Journ. of Botany, vol. i. p. 122 (note).

ALSOlMiir.A. 61

somewhat glaucous beneath : the main rachis light hrown, the veins dark-
colored, simple, except a lew at the base of the segment, which are iVc-
qiiently forked and bear the sori,

44. A. liinuhila, Br.; "fronds bijnnnate, pinn;i3 at the apex
serrated setaceous, the segments linear-oblong i'alcate serrated
at the apex, stipes rough." Polypodiiun lunulatuni, Font.
Prodr. FL Ins. Aiistr. p. 83.

Hab. Soutli-Sca Islands, Forsfcr. — Of this plant I know nothing. Mr.
J. Smith, in his Enum. Fil. Ins. Philipp., supposes his A. caudala, from
Lncon {Cuming, n. 267) may be the same. See Hook. Journ. of Bot. v.
iii. p. 419.

45. A. dec iir re ns,IIoo]i.; unarmed.? nearly glabrous, fronds
tripinnate, pinnules small (an inch long) sessile pinnatifid
membranaceous obtuse with a few buUate scales and hairs be-
neath, segments ovate acute entire or slightly serrated the
lower one adnate with the rachis and decurrcnt, veins simple
or forked, sori one on each segment, receptacle elevated des-
titute of hairs. Cyathea extensa ? Hook, in Ni(jhthi(jale\s
Voy. App.

Hab. South-Sea Islands, Nightingale. — A very distinct species, which I
place in Alsop/nla, on account of the elevated receptacle and the presence of
bullate scales. The pinnules are the smallest of any species I am acquainted
with, delicate,membranaceous,pinnatiIid about half-way down to the rachis,
the lowest exterior segment adnate with the rachis, and decurrent along its
side.

*** Species from the East Indies, Mnl.iy Islands and Ladrones.

46. A. (Gymnosphajra) <7/rtira, Bl.; "frond bipinnate, pin-
nules lanceolate sharply serrated at the apex, the base trun-
cate slightly pinnatifid glabrous, segments rotundate obtuse
crenulate." Gymnosphasra glabra. Blame, En. Fil. Jav. p. 242.

Hab. Lofty mountains of Java, lUume. — The above is the description
given of this plant by Blume, which, together with A. squamulata, he refers
to his genus Ggmnosphtera, on account of the sori being inserted on the
middle of the vein ; — a very inconstant character.

47. A. (" GymnosphKra") sqiiamulata, Bl. ; frond bipin-
nate, partial rachis sliglitly squamose, ])innules all pctiolate,
sterile ones oblong-lanceolate, fertile portions contracted co-
riaceous glossy as if varnished ending in an acuminated ser-
rulated point pinnatifid scarcely halfway down to the rachi.*;,
segments ovate obtuse serrate, the margins thickened or very
sliglitly recurved, veins simjjle, sori frequently confined to the
lower part of the ]iinnules and placed close to the costa oithe
segments. — i?/. En. Fil. Jav. p. 243. ./. Sin. En. Fil. Phi-
lipp. in Hook. Journ. of Bot. v. iii. p. 419. Hook. Gen. Fil.
t. 100.

Hab. Java, lilumc. Malacca, Camiu<i, n. 'MH). — A very well niavkod

V. 2

,■^•2 ALSOPIIU.A.

species, bul tlie descriptiou of Blume is too short to be satisfactory ; though
1 liave followed Mr. J. Smith in considering^ our plant the same. The
main racliis is of a rich chestnut brown color; the principal pinnules have
a distinct petiole, a line or a line and a half long: the texture is coriace-
ous, the surl'ace singularly glossy, with the veins having the same appear-
ance as to color and surface as" tlie frond. Fructifications dark brown,
sometimes occupying the greater part of the pinnule, which is then con-
tracted, or confined to the lower segments, when they become contracted so
that the broadest part is above the middle. A few minute dark brown bul-
late scales are seen on the costa. Veins simple.

48. A. contaminans. Wall.; aculeolate, frond bipimiate co-
riaceous glaticous beneath, pinnules oblong-lanceolate acu-
minate decjily pinnatifid, segments oblong falcate the fertile
ones narrower rather obtuse crentilate, sori upon forked veins
in lines parallel with the costa and covering nearly the whole
segment, capsules mixed with hairs. (Tab. XVIII. B.) A.
contaminans, Wall. Cat. in Index. Polypodium contaminans,
JVall. in Herb. 1823, Cat. n. 320. Chnoophora glauca, Blume,
En. Fil. Jar. p. 243. Alsophila glauca, J. Sm.—&. segments
more elongated and acuminated.

Hab.Penang,/>r. Pra//u7). Java and Molucca,iI/j7/e«a?ifZ5/Hme. Lu9on,
Cuming, n. 71 . South Camarines, Cumhiff, n. 291. — i3. Isle Negros, Phi-
lippine Islands, Cuming, n. 345. — A well marked species, with rather rigid
coriaceous fronds, becoming very dark colored in drying, but always retain-
ing their glaucous hue beneath. The stipes is muricated with very short
sharp points, and the same extend to the main raohis and to that of the
pinnae, in this respect resembling the A. c.vcelsa. I retain the name of its
iirst discoverer, Dr. Wallich, by whom it has been extensively distributed.
Blume thinks it probable it may be the Cyathea glauca of Bory.

49. A. cauclata, J. Sm.; unarmed, frond bipinnate glabrous,
pinnules sessile oblong-lanceolate broadest at the base the
apex suddenly contracted into a long narrow serrated tail-like
acumen coriaceo-membranaceous paler and slightly glaucous
beneath, the segments oblong a little falcate rather obtuse ser-
rated, veins simple or more generally forked, bullate scales
none, sori close to the midrib, occupying the lower part of
the segments. (Tab. XX. B.) J. Sm. in En. Fil. Philipp.
{name oihj).

Hab. Manilla, Lugon, Cuming, n.2G7. — The most marked character
about this plant is the sudden contraction of its pinnule into a long tail-
like point. The general form of the pinnules and segments approaches
those of Ah. contaminans, but the under surface is scarcely glaucous. Mr.
.1. Smith thinks this species may not be different from A. lunulata, our
n. 44.

50. A. Brunoniana, Wall. ; unarmed, fronds bipinnate
pinnules lanceolate acuminate deeply pinnatifid coriaceous
glaucous beneath, veins once or twice forked, bullate scales
none, margin recurved entire or crenulate, sori in two rows

ALSOPHILA.

53

occupying tlie greater part of the segments. — A. Bruiionian;i,
M^olL Cat. n. 7073.

Hah. Mountains of Svlhet, Dr. TFrt/ZicA. — Neither in ray own rich coV-
lection of East-Indian Ferns from Dr. Wallich, nor in tlie still more ex-
tensive one which exists in the herbarium of the Linnean Society, derived
from the same source, is there any specimen under this name. There is, how-
ever, an enonnous trunk (caudcx) of this Fern, 45 feet lonjf, deposited in the
British Museum, by Dr. Wallich : and from some withered remains on the
summit of its caudex, the above imperfect cliaracter is drawn up. It would
appear to be very closely allied to the A. cnntambians above described, but
the stij>es and rachis do not seem at all muricated. The pinnules also
approach very nearly some slates of A. gigantea.

51. A. gigan1en,Vs'i\\\.; unarmed, fronds bi-tripinnate, pin-
nae ovato-ianceolate submembranaceous opaque (not glossy),
pinnules oblong-lanceolate subpetiolate acuminate pinnatifid
to various depths, the uppermost pinnules united into an acu-
minated pinnatifid apex, segments ovate more or less broad
slightly falcate serrated, upper side of the rachis strigose, cos-
ts) without scales or with a few minute deciduous ones, veins
simple, sori in two rows placed half way between the margin
and costa, receptacle elevated without hairs. Polypodium
giganteum, Wall. Herh. 1823, Cat. n. 321. Gymnosphaera
gigantea, J. Sm. Gen. Fil. Polypodium altissimum, IVall.
in Herb. 1820. Cyathea venulosa, IVal I. Cat. n. ISO. Al-
sophila venulosa, Wall. Cut. in Inde.v. Polypodium? umbro-
sum, Wall. Cat. u 336.

Hab. Svlhet. Nepaul. Mountains of Tenasserim, Wallich. Ceylon,
Mrs. Walker, 71. 1919. Penang, Dr. Wallich, Lady Dalhousie. Java, Mil-
lett. — Caudex gigantic, 50 feet high ( Wall.) Fronds simple, but so varia-
ble in the form and size of the pinnules in our copious specimens, that it is
scarcely possible to define them in words. I find no tubercles or aculei on
the stipes or rachis. The pinnules are remote on the lower part of the main
rachis, gradually becoming closer upwards, till they unite and terminate in
a long, pinnatifid, acuminated point. Pinnules on some specimens '2 — 4
inches long, half an inch broad: in others ti inches long and 1 inch broad:
segments varying much in length and in the depth of the sinus, all of them
slightly falcate, serrated, the veins almost invarialdy simple ; lines of fruc-
tification in two rows, occupying nearly the whole length of the segment
between the margin aud costa. The texture of the frond is rallier thin, not
approaching to coriaceous ; the color very dark in drying. — It is a trunk of
this species which forms so conspicuous an object on the stair-case of the
apartments of the Linnean Society of London.

52. A.coniosa, Wall.; unarmed, stipes densely clothed with
long chaffy pale brown deciduous scales, rachis strigose or
almost setose above, fronds bi])iunatc, jjinniu united towards
the apex so as to be there pinnatifid, i»iunidcs sessile or nearly
so oblong-lanceolate moderately aciuninaled submeml)rana-
ceous pinnatifid about two-thirds of the way down, segments

54 ALSOPHILA.

ovate slightly falcate obtuse, veins generally forked, buUate
scales none, receptacles small slightly elevated. (Tab. XX.
A.) A. comosa, Jf'all. Cat. n. 319. — ft. pinnules more deeply
pinnalifid, segments narrower, veins oftener once or twice
forked, scales of the stipes more permanent.

Hab. Singapore, Wallich. Java, MUlett.—^. Ceylon, Mrs. Gen. Walker.
Ill many respects tbis resembles tbe preceding, A. gigantea ; but it is more
delicate in textm-e, paler in color, tbe veins mostly forked, tbe receptacles
less elevated. — Tbe var. ^. may be a distinct species; yet I can discover no
tangible differences except tbe above, to wbicb may be added tbat tbe
fronds are of a ratber firmer and more coriaceous texture.

53. A. crinita, Hook.; stipes and main flexuose rachis pale
colored rough with minute points and muricated with very
short black spines, fronds bipinnate coriaceous, rachis every-
where hairy above beneath clothed as well as the costa with
ciliated scales some short and minute the majority very long
slender appressed resembling coarse shaggy hair, pinnides
sessile narrow-lanceolate gradually tapering into a very slen-
der point deeply pinnatifid almost to the rachis, segments nar-
row ovate oblong rather obtuse falcate the margin (when dry)
strongly recurved, paler beneath where the costa and even the
veins are often hairy, veins forked, soii occupying nearly the
whole length and breadth of the segments and in a measure
covered by the crinite scales. Hook. Ic. PI. t. 671.

Hab. Ceylon, Mrs. General Walker, n. 34 and 41. — A very remarkable
species, not like any otber tbat I am acquainted witb. It bas tbe dark
minute tuberculations on a pale stipes and main racbis, wbicb I bave de-
scribed on Cyathea mechillaris. The main racbis too, and tbe racbis of tbe
pinnffi, altbougb stout, are waved or flexuose : and tbey are beneatb quite
sbaggy witb copious scales; tbese are of two kinds, at least upon tbe main
racbis, some of tbem being exceedingly small, but tbe majority are long,
slender, subulate, more or less appressed, gradually smaller on tbe costae,
where tbey partially cover and conceal tbe copious fructifications.

54. A. lepifera, J. Sm. ; main rachis studded with dark shin-
ing prominent points or tubercles scarcely aculeated, fronds
bipinnate, pinnules sessile broadest at the base narrow-lan-
ceolate tapering into a very long slender subulate point, seg-
ments linear-oblong falcate rather obtuse somewhat glaucous
beneath, costa below with a few flattish pale-colored scales,
the lertile rather contracted and the margin a little recurved,
veins forked, sori occupying the whole underside of the seg-
ments. A. lepifera, J. Sm. in En. Fil. Philip, {name only).

Hab. South Caraarines, Cuming. — The lower portion of the main rachis
is studded like the preceding with prominent black shining points ; the up-
per portion is clothed with long appressed coarsish hairs, both have a few
long, slender, crinite scales, which induce me to think the plant may be an
oldstateof the preceding, from which the scales have fallen. Tbe shape

ALSOI'IIII.A. 56

of the pinnules is not different; they arc less coriaceous, and die underside
is slinhlly glaucous.

55. A.? (Clinoo])liora) tomeniosa,!^}.; "arborescent uiiarin-
ed, frond bipinnate coriaccons densely clothed beneath with
fulvous tonientum, ])innules lanceolate acuminate dec])ly pin-
natilid, the segments linear obtuse nearly straight the margin
slightly crenulate and revolute, common rachis tonientose
whitish above paleaceous beneath," Bl. Chnoophora ? to-
mentosa, Bl. En. Fil. J a v. p. 244.

Hab. Woods on the lofty mountains of Gede, Java, Blumc.

56. A. (Chnoojihora) lurida^ Bl. ; " arborescent unarmed,
frond bipinnate coriaceous, costa) beneath and the secondary
racliis ])aleaceo-hirsute, ])innuks lanceolate acuminate deeply
pinnatifid the segments linear subfalcate obtuse crenulate re-
curved at the margin, common rachis shining above hairy be-
neath." Chnoophora lurida, Bl. En. Fil. Jar. p. '244.

Hab. Mountain woods of Java and Celebes, J3lume.

57. k.Hcenkei, Pr.; "fronds triplicato -pinnate, secondary
pinna; sessile linear cuspidate acuminate, pinnules oblong
obtuse subfalcate serrulate, stipes and primary and secondary
racliis muricated, tertiary paleaceo-hirsutc, costaj scaly be-
neath." Presl, Reliq. Hcank. v. i. p. 68. A. Marianna, Gaud,
in Freyc. J'oj/. Bot. p. 365. "Cvathea Marianna, Gaud. M.S
et Gen. p. 74;' {Freyc.)

Hab. jNIariannc Islands (Guam), Hcenke, Gaudichaud. — Of this T know
notliin<.r, nor can much be learned from the more full descripiion given by
Gaudichaud. Although Presl himself adduces A. Marianna as a synonym
of A. HcBnkel, I cannot but feel doubtful on the point. Presl describes his
plant with an " Indusium planum lacero-multilidum," and he speaks of it
as allied to Pol. Iwiulatum, Torst., and Cjiatheacxlvnsa, Sw. Gaudichaud
also quotes, though (loul)tfully, Cyatkeu cxlensa, Schkuhr, Fil. p. 127, t.
132, not even excluding the ligures D, E, and F, where the fructification
is truly the cup of a Cyathea.

Doubtful Species of the East Indies.

58. A. Manillensis, Presl, in Mey. Herb. (v. Presl, Tent.
Pterid. p. 62).

59. A. WalUchiann, Presl, Tent. Pterid. p. 62. " Polypo-
dium e Silhet Mountains," Pr.

60. A. fflauccscens, Wall. Cat. n. 7074. Mountains of Syl-
het, IV. Gomez. "Allied to A. Brunoniana, Wall, (supra, j).
52, u. 50).

61. A. Gyerilleana, Wall. Cat. n. 7U75. Mountains of Syl-
liet, W. Gomez.

56 DICKSONIK.E.

62. A. Telfairiana, Wall, in Index. Aspidium Telfairia-
num, Wall. Cat. n. 385. Mauritius, Mr. Telfair. — Of this
and the two preceding species I have seen no specimens.

Doubtful Species ; country unknown.

63. A. Wiegeltii, Roera. Herb. Presl, Pterid. p. 61, (name
only).

TiiiBE II. DICKSONIEJE, Gaud.

Sori globose or subcylindrical, situated upon the back
(WooDsiE^) or at the apex of a vein or veinlet (Eudick-
soNiEiE) or at the confluent angle of reticulated veins (Hypo-
DERRiDE^). Involucre inferior (having its origin from beneath)
globose or cylindrical, free, sometimes covering the whole
sorus, closed at the top, at length bursting at the summit;
more frequently cup-shaped, open at the mouth, the mai'gin
entire or 2-lipped, naked or fimbriated or crinite, wholly or in
part formed of the substance of the frond, or more membranace-
ous: sometimes it constitutes a shallow, very indistinct, fringed
cup, of which the membranaceous portion is so small as to be
concealed by the capsules, never wholly wanting. — Tnfied or
creeping Ferns, generally snuill, rarely arborescent , inhahit-
ing various climates, from the extreme Arctic regions to the
Tropics.

Obs. It has heen found, I believe, by all botanists to be far more difficult
to divide the several groups of Cryptogamic plants into natural and tangi-
ble sections, than the so-called higher orders of Phaenogamous plants.
They are seen to pass so insensibly, the one into the other, and to be con-
nected by so many different links, that it is next to impossible to define them
by words', and in vain to expect that the several individuals who study them
should arrive at the saine conclusion in regard to their respective limits,
artificial though, in a linear series, they must still, in a measure, necessa-
rily be. The several genera, for example, which I here bring under one
group or Tribe, others have, with perhaps equal justice, thought worthy of
being broken down into at least three separate ones, Pemnemacece, Dickso-
niea:,\n(\ Hymenophyllcce. Nay, with regard to the last-mentioned group,
Presl has not deemed it right to include it in the true Filices at all. The
Tribe Dicksoniete is here intended to embrace those Ferns which have an
involucre resemliling, or approaching to those of CyathecB, but whose fronds
exhibit a totally different aspect, rarely arborescent, never or very seldom
aculeated, extremely variable in composition, and also, in texture, from the
most delicate reticulated membrane to a firm coriaceous substance : with
capsules generally subglobose, and stipitate with a moderately broad incom-
plete elastic vertical ring, rarely sessile and angularly compressed with a
broad complete oblique ring; such forms as are common in Ct/atheie,
(whence Presl constituted of them and of the Gleicheniacece the suborder
Helicogyrata), but which are by no means universal in Cyathece ; and
on the other hand we possess such capsules or analogous ones in Loxsoma,
Thyrsnpteris and in the Hymenophylleous genera of the present Tribe. It
must be allowed indeed that the characters here derived from the fructifica-

iiyi'oi)i;kius. 57

lion, bring together plants very little allied hy nature, for no Ferns can be
more different, if habit be considered, than Ilypoderris and Trichmnanes ;
yet if the nature of the sori and of the involucre especially is of such prima-
ry importance as has generally been allowed, I have no other characters
to offer, and none so sim])le, as the usually free cup-ahnped snmelhnrs bifid
involucre of Dicksmiiva;. Loxsnuia, while it is closely allied in the form
and structure of the involucre to Trichomanes on the one hand, on the otlier
is the connecting link with DavulUea;.

SuBTRiBE I. Sori on (he junction of reticulated veins or veinlets.
Hypoderkidk.'e.

1. Hypoderris, Br.
Sori dorsal, globose, inserted in lines or series, parallel with
the primary veins upon the confluent angles of reticulated
veinlets. Involucre inferior calyciform thin and membrana-
ceous loosely reticulated, the margin spreading and fimbria-
ted. C^/?.s;//c.s nearly globose, stipitate, on a small punctiform
receptacle. — Nat ire o/ Trinidad. Frond stipitate, si))) pie,
siihcordato-Jinstate, acmninate, costate, pi))))atedly rei))ed,
7j)e)))hranaceoiis ; veins alternate, nearly parallel, Jlex)iose;
primary veinlets pinnated, the rest anastomosing, so that
almost the ivhole surface has a reticulated venation. Hook.
Gen. Fil. Tab. 1.

1. H. Brownii. J. Stn. MS. in Hook. Gen. Fil. I. c. Hook.
Jc. PI. t. 675, 676.

Hab. St. Anne's Valley, Trinidad, Lockhart. — Caudex creeping. Stipes
from a span to a foot high, scaly. Frond longer than the stipes, ovate -lan-
ceolate, acuminate, entire, membranaceous, glabrous, the base with rather
a deep sinus, and on each side a short obtuse rounded lobe, or this is occa-
sionally prolonged into two broadly lanceolate, sometimes acuminated, erecto-
palent segments, 2 — 5 inches long. Costa strong, emitting a branch at
the base to each auriculated segment; this costa is again regularly pinnated
with strong, parallel veins, which are connected by slender transverse ones,
sending off branches which form a nearly hexangular, delicate network over
the whole surface. Several of the areohT, especially near the strong lateral
veins from the costa, are occupied by a free veinlet. Sori not very copious
and always on the angle of united veinlets arranged in rather remote series
on each side of the lateral veins just mentioned ; and when more copious
also on each side the primary transverse veinlets.

This rare i)Iaut was lirst noticed by Mr. Brown, who says, in Wallich's
Ic. Plant. Asiat. Rar., when speaking of Malonia, " the beautiful ramifica-
tion of veins in Matonia, is not altogelhcr peculiar to it. Among the ge-
nera of Poh/podiacecB having an indusium, one remarkable example occurs
in a genus yet uiidescribcd (Ili/podcrris), which, with an indusium not ma-
terially different from that of IVoodsia, has exactly the habit of Aspidiiiin
trifnliatum, while of those genera of Poli/podiacicE which arc without an in-
dusium, the same kind of vascularity is iound in an cxttnsivc and very na-
tural section of Polypodium, to which P. Pln/malodes and the greater num-
ber of those species, 'sori saccati' belong.'' — Mr. J. Smith places this genus
in ^^Aspidiets" between Matonia and Aspidium,Pr. although its involucre is

58 SPH^ROPTERIS. — DIACALPE.

widely different from both. To the latter genus, as restricted by Presl and
J. Smith, it is undoubtedly allied iu its venation, while it is equally so with
the Phpnatodes-gmup of Poli/podiiim. Considering as I do, that the pri-
mary divisions of Ferns should be taken as much as possible from the fruc-
tification, I have no hesitation in placing Hi/poderris among the DicksonietB,
and near to Wondsia, with which it bears the same relation that Aspidium,
Presl, does to Lastraa in Aspidiea. ; or Phymatodes, Presl, to Polypodium,
under PolypodiacecB.

I am indebted to Mr. Lockhart of Trinidad for fine specimens of this plant.

SuBTUiBE II. Sorus on the back of a simple vein or veinlet. WooD-
siE^, (Pevaneniacese, Pr.)

2. SpHvEROPteris, Wall, (not Beriih.)
Peraneraa, Doii^ Presl.

Sori globose, on the back of a vein or veinlet. Receptacle
elevated globose. Involucre inferior, globose, coriaceous,
stalked, at first entire and covering the whole sorus, at length
bursting rather irregularly and vertically at the top into 2
valves or li])s. Capsules numerous, slipitate. — Native of
Northern India. Rhizoma large, globose ; no distinct cau-
dex. Fronds erect, stipitate (stipes and rachis chaffy), tri-
pinnate. Veins simply pinnate, veinlets rarely forked, clavate
at the apex within the margin, and glandular below the apex
on the under side ; lower anterior veinlet soriferous. Hook.
Gen. Fil. tab. 22.

1. S. barbata. Wall, in Herb. 1823; Cat. n. 183 ; PI.
Asiat. Ear. i. /?. 42, t. 48. Peranema cyathoides, Don, Prodr.
Fl. Nep. p. 12.

Hab. Nepal, Wallich, 1821. —- Fronds 2—3 feet long, tripinnate; the
base of the stipes densely clothed with long brown membranaceous acumi-
nated scales ; the main and partial rachis with fewer scattered smaller ones.
Pinnules oval-oblong sessile, decurrent, so that the partial rachis is winged,
obtuse, glabrous, turning brownish-black in drying. Nerves indistinct ;
rarely more than one sorus on each pinnule. Stalk of the involucre often
longer than the involucre itself. It is upon the presence of this remarka-
ble stalk, the more thick and coriaceous texture of the involucre, its open-
ing into two valves or lips, and the large receptacles, that the generic cha-
racter of this depends, as distinguishing it from Diacatpe, 'Bl.

3. DiACALPE, Bl.

Physematium, Kze. Cistopteris, Pr.
Sori globose, arising from the back of a vein or veinlet.
Receptacle small, scarcely elevated. Involucre inferior, glo-
bose, hard-membranaceous, sessile, at first entire and cover-
ing the whole sorus, at length bursting very irregularly at the
top. Capsules numerous, nearly sessile, with a broad annu-
lus. — Inhabiting Eastern India. Fronds fasciculated, large,

AUACIINIODES. WOODSIA. 59

herhaceons, decompound. Stipes and rachis palea ceo- hirsute.
Veins pi/uwfcd. Veinlcts simple^ free, clavate at the apex
irifhui t/ie ifuin/in: lower anterior veinlet soriferous. Hook.
Gen. Fil. tau. 99.

1. D. aspidioidcs. JU. En. Fil. J<iv. p. 241. Aspidimn
foliolosuin, JVnll. Caf.n.Soi). Cistoptcris giguntca, /^r. Phy-
scinatiuni aspidioides, Kuuze, Anal. Pterid. p. 43.

Hub. Woods on the clevaU'd niouiitaiiis of Java, Blume. Sylliol, Wal-
Ucli. Assam, Mrs. Mark, Mr. (JriJfil/i.—A fjraceful Fern, 2 — 4 feet high,
with rather a long stipes, ek)the(l below with very large, broad, opaque,
brown, membranaeeous scales. Similar scales, but smaller and almost ro-
tundatc, are seen at the axils of the jiinua; of the younger ])lants. I'ronds
tripinnate, primary pinnaj often nearly opposite : main and j)artial rachis
frequently beset with copious short setose scales, especially beneath, some-
times with long crinite scales which also appear on the veins above : these
afterwards disappear, and the rachis is then quite smooth. Pinnules sub-
membranaceous, oblong-euneate, pinnatifido-lobate, more or less decurrent,
so that the rachis of the ultimate pinna is generally winged : — the lobes
are deeper at the anterior edge. Veins dark-colored, simi)ly j)innale, the
veiidets undivided, not reaching quite to the margin. Involucres exactly
globose, attached by a small point, dark mahogany-colored. Presl has
strangely placed this in the geims Cistoptcris, and yet appears to have seen
a \\'allichian specimen in the Royal Berlin Herbarium. Kunze refers it
to the genus Physenuilium, but the firm texture of the involucre and the
whole habit of the plant seem to forbid such an union.

4. ? AUACimiODES, Bl.
"So7-i rouudish, scattered, inserted upon a slightly elevated
receptacle. Involucre arachnoid, covering the sorus." Bl.

1. A. aspidioides, Bl. En. Fil. Jav. p. 242.

Hab. Summit of the mountain Burangrang, Java, Blume. — Of this we
have but a short and imperfect description given by its discoverer, Blume;
and its jdace among Ferns is doubtful to me. It is compared in its fruc-
tilication to Trichoptcris, Presl, or Chnoophora, Kaulf.; but the habit seems
very dilVcreut. A solitaiy specimen only apjiears to have been found, in
all respects resembling Aspidinm coriaccum, Sw., excei>t that the pinnules
are acute. " Nevertheless," Dr. Blume observes, " it cannot be associated
with the Aspidia, the structure of the involucre being so different. It con-
sists of a cobweb-like substance covering each sorus, soon evanescent, and
so tender that it can scarcely be said to form a membrane."'

5. WooDsiA, Br.

Physcmatium, Kaulf. Ilynionocystis, C. A. Mei/. Poly-
podii sp. Auct. Alsophihe sp. Spr.

Sori globose, situated on the back of a vein or vcinlet.
Involucre inferior, sol't-membranaceous, either rroni tlie first
calyciform or pateriforni, or more or less globose and some-
times in an early stage completely covering the entire sorus,

t>0 WOOUSIA.

at length opening at the top, the margin or mouth irregular,
lobed or fimbriated. Capsules globose, on short stalks, aris-
ing from a small punctiform receptacle. — Small Ferns, mostly
of temperate or even cold climates, ccespltose, stijyitate, the
stipes sometimes jointed and. separating at the joint. Fronds
membranaceous, tender, pinnatedly divided. Veins pinnat-
ed, simple or forked. Hook. Gen. Fil. tab. 119 and 3.

Obs. The genus was established by Mr. Brown in 1813 upon the Poh/-
podium hyperhomim and Ilvense of LinuEeiis, in which it must be confessed
that the minute inferior cup-shaped or rather pateriform involucre is with
difficulty seen, though its marginal fringe of hairs be sufficiently evident.
To this genus Dr. Greville and myself had no hesitation in referring the Also-
pliila Perriniana, Spr. which has comparatively large involucres, almost cover-
ing the sorus, and simply lobed at the margin, tlie lobes spreading. From
this structure the passage is but slight to the more globose involucre, lobed
at the contracted mouth, of Hymenoajstis, C. A. Mey., and this again cannot
naturally be separated from P/iysematium, Kanlf., in which the involucre
is at first perfectly globose and entire (see Kunze's excellent ligure in Ana-
lecta Pteridographia, t. 27), afterwards it opens at the summit with an irre-
gular mouth. These supposed genera of authors will therefore, with me, as
with Mr. J. Smith, form but one : — but they may be conveniently divided
into subgenera, as follows : —

Subgen. I. Physematium, Kaulf. Involucre at first globose and
probably entire, afterwards bursting at the top ivith an irre-
gular contracted opening and persistent. Hymenocystis, C.
A. Mey. Hook. Gen. Fil. tab. 3.

1. W. mollis, J. Sm.; fronds lanceolate pinnate, densely
clothed especially beneath with soft articulated hairs, pinnae
sessile oblong-ovate obtuse pinnatifid, segments approxi-
mate oval subrotund obtuse entire, sori marginal, involucres
hairy at first apparently closed {Kunze), afterwards opening
with a contracted jagged roundish mouth, rachis and stipes
chaffy. Physematium molle, Kunze in Bot. Zeit. i. p. 341 ; et
Anal. Pterid.p. A\, t. 27. VVoodsia Mexicana, Br. in Wall.
PI. Asiat. Rar.p. 42, {note).

Hab. Mexico, Scheide j- Deppe. — I have only seen garden specimens of
this plant, and it thrives admirably, and fructifies in cultivation. The in-
volucres, however, appear to me even in their youngest state to be a little
open at the top, although this opening is difficult tobe seen on account of
the copious but yet pellucid articulated (and apparently glandular) hairs,
which cover the surface of the involucre as well as of the frond: — and Mr.
Brown seems to be of the same opinion, judging from his remark in Wal-
lich, 1. c. This involucre is very delicate, and more herbaceous, I think,
than in any other of the genus. Kunze's figure is very characteristic. Plant
from 6 or 8 inches to a foot high.

2. W. Guatemalensis, Hook. ; fronds lanceolate pinnate
glabrous, pinnae sessile ovato-oblong attenuate obtuse deeply
pinnatifid, segments rather remote ovate obtuse obscurely

WOODSIA.

61

crenato-serrate, soil intennediate between the margin and
costa, involucres glabrous at first closed afterwards bursting
at the to)) with an irregular roundish contracted 0))ening,
stipes and rachis with lew snuiU deciduous hair-like scales.
(Tab. XXI. A.)

Tiab. Guatemala, Mr. Skinner. — Neailj' twice the size of the preceding,
with all the herbaceous portion glabrous ; the segments of the j)inniE more
remote, more serrated or erenate. Sori pale brown, membranaceous, re-
maining long closed or entire at the top, then bursting and persisting
with a contracted loose mouth.

3. W. Pertoid/ut, Hook. ; fronds oblong-lanceolate bipin-
nate piloso-glandulose, primary pinnie nearly opposite remote
sessile, ovate-acuminate, pinnides opposite or rarely alternate
oblong obtuse sessile and decurrent so that the rachis is wing-
ed somewhat pinnatifid with shallow bicuspidate lobes, sorus
solitary in each lobe subglobose at first entire afterwards
bursting at the top w ith an irregular contracted mouth, stipes
and main rachis glabrous. (Tab. XXI. B.)

Hab. Shady places, Iluaraantanga, Andes of Peru, Mutheivs, n. 602. — A
very distinct species, and the tallest of any I am acquainted with, the frond
with a portion of the stipes being 14 inches long. This frond is twice pin-
nated, the pinnules almost all opposite, very patent, rather remote, cut in a
pinnatilid manner into a number of small lobes, which are bicuspidate, ter-
minating in two, rarely three, sharp teeth.

4. W. (Physcmatium, Kze.) Ciimiiujiaua, Kze. ; " frond
narrow-lanceolate deeply pinnato-pinnatifid, pinna? somewhat
remote sessile lanceolate subacuminate rather obtuse glabrous
above, beneath on the costa veins paleaceo-hirsute, segments
oblong rounded glanduloso-dentate decurrent, sori solitary
upon the teeth, involucres glabrous, rachis and stipes (of mo-
derate length) subglabrous purple." Kimze, Anal. Pterid.
p. 43.

Hab. " Probably in Chili," Cumimj, (in Herb. Ktmte). — " Between W.
Physematinm) incisa and Perriniana, but different from both. Stipes
3 inches, frond 7^ inches long, 2 broad. Lower pinnie and superior ones
smaller. W. incisa differs in the narrower pinnae piloso-glandulose, obtuse,
obtusely toothed, in the involucres being at length laciniated, the laciniEe
retlexed. P. Perriniana differs especially in the pinna l)eing deltoideo-
ovate, minutely glanduloso-pilose, in the involucres being deeply cut, and
the stipes and rachis chaffy." — I place this in the present group rather
than the following, though the species is quite unknown to me, because in
contrasting the involucres with tliose of the W. incisa and Perriniana (be-
longing to the next group) the author speaks of the deeply cut involucres of
the latter, and their spreading segments, as if a contrary character existed
in U'. Cuntini/iana. It is probably allied to our W. Peruviana, and very
likely not (rom Chili : at least I possess no such plant from Cuming gathered
either in Chili or in Peru, and I had the choice of his collections immedi-
ately on his return from tiiose countries.

6-2 WOODSIA.

5. W. Caucasica, J. Sm. ; fronds lanceolate glabrous acumi-
nate ])innatc the costa and rachis slightly hairy, pinna) sessile
nearly opposite lanceolate but broadest at the base acumi-
nate pinnatifid, segments ovate-oblong oblique obtuse den-
tate, sori 2 on each segment near the base one on each side
the costa near the margin, involucres glabrous large membra-
naceous loose at first apparently entire with a central depression
at length o])ening with a contracted depressed irregular and
somewhat 2-lobed mouth. — Hymenocystis Caucasica, C. A.
Mey. PL Cnuc. et Casp. p. 229 ; Hook. Gen. Fil. t. 3. Phy-
sematium fragile, Kuuze, Anal. Pteridog. p. 42. Dicksonia
fragilis, " L. C. Trevir. in Berl. Mag. vii. 1816, p. 155, tab.
3,/. 18, 19." Aspidium Caucasicum, Fisch. in Herb, noslr.

Hah. The country adjacent to the Caspian Sea, F. Blume. Rocky places
in the Caucasus, at an elevation of 1000 — 6000 feet above the level of the
sea, C. A. Meyer. — A span or more high, with the frond and the pinnae
more acuminated than in any other Wuodsia, and somewhat resembling
Cistopteris fragilis. The involucres are peculiarly large for so small a plant,
the two on each segment often meeting together over the costa and the
other side overlapping the margin : they seem too large for the sorus, which
gives them a somewhat irregular and buUate form, considerably different
from other fructifications in the genus.

6. W.elongata, Hook.; glanduloso-pilose especially above,
fronds oblong elongated pinnated, pinnae rather distant alter-
nate sessile from a broadish base oblong-obtuse pinnatifid not
more than half way down, segments short rounded inciso-den-
tate each bearing a sorus (rarely more) on the lower anterior
veinlet near the sinus, involucres small soon bursting with an
irregular opening at the top glanduloso-pilose, stipes and ra-
chis slightly chaffy. (Tab. XXI. C.)

Hab. Northern India. Himala mountains, Ladi/ Dalhoune. Krande,
Pakenham Edgeivorth, Esq. — A very distinct and well-marked species
with a short stipes ; the frond from a span to a foot in length, bearing nu-
merous pinnse which are scarcely broader at the middle of the rachis than
at the base, and the apex of the frond is but little attenuated. Pinnae and
segments very obtuse, but the latter strongly even incisedly toothed. In
other respects it perhaps resembles the W. mollis more than any other species.

Subgen. II. (Perrinia, Hook.) Involucre subhemispherical, from
an early stage open at the top and soon breaking down into
spreading, irregular, jagged, deciduous lobes or segments, al-
ways larger than the sorus.

7. W. obtusa, Hook. ; frond broad-lanceolate glabrous or
minutely glanduloso-pilose pinnate, pinnae remote suboj)po-
site slightly petiolate deltoideo-ovate obtusely attenuated
deeply pinnatifid the lower ones again pinnate, segments or
pinnules oval dentate or inciso-pinnatifid, sori solitary in each

WOODSIA. (Hi

tooth or lobule and near the sinus, involucres glabrous very
thin and fragile soon breaking down into spreading lobes,
stipes and rachis ])artially chally. Physeniatiuni obtusuni,
Hook. 77. lior. Am. r. ii. p. 2o}). Asjjidiuni obtusum, WiUd,
Schkiihr, Fil. t. 43 {Jiyitre had). Ptirsh, Am. v. ii. p. 2G2.
Polypodiuni obtusum, Sic. Sdikuhr, Fil. t. 21. Woodsia Per-
riniana, Hook.et Grev. Ic Fil. v. i. /. 08. Pliyscnialiuni Perrini-
anum, Kze. Anal. P/erid. p. 43. Alsophila Perriniana, Spreiiy.
Hah. United States of America; Pennsylvania to Virginia, PursA. Ken-
tucky, Dr. Short, Mr. Peter. West side of tlic Rocky Mountains, near the
sources of the Cohinihia, Ddiii/las, Drummnnd. — It is prohahle, as suf^f^ested
in the 'Flora Borcali-Americana,' that this Fern is not a native, though it
has been so stated, of the West-Indies. It seems to be wholly confined to
North America, and I possess unusually fine specimens, 12 — 14 inches long,
from Dr. Short of Kentucky. It is a most distinct and well-defined species :
and is assuredly the old Aspidiuin obtusum of American authors.

8. W. i/tcisa, Gill. Hook. & Grev. ; fronds broad-lanceo-
late minutely glanduloso-pilose pinnated, pinn;e ap])roxiniate
subo}i])osite sessile oblong obtusely attenuated deeply ])inna-
tihd sometimes again pinnate, segments or pinnules oval pin-
natifidly lobed and toothed or incised the teeth obtuse, sorus
solitary on each lobule near the sinus, involucres glabrous
very thin and fragile soon breaking down into spreading lobes.
Hook, el Grev. Ic. Fil. t. 191. Physematium incisum, Kunze,
Anal. Plerid. p. 43.

Hab. Shady mountain rocks, near IMendoza, and San Luis de Cordova,
Argentine Republic, Dr. Gillies. — Quite distinct from the preceding and
from every other species, and apparently only discovered in the locality
above mentioned.

Subgen. III. Woodsia vera. Involucres minute, pateriform, cO'
vercd and concealed by the capsules, the lone/ hairs of the
margin only projecting beyond the sorus. Stipes with a
joint. Hook. GiiN. Fil. TAB. 119.

9. W. Ilrensis, Br.; slightly hairy above, stipes rachis cos-
ta and nerves below crinite and clothed with copious rufous
chady scales, frond broad-lanceolate, pinna) oblong obtuse
broader at the base sessile deeply pinnatifid with many ob-
long obscurely crenated somewhat coriaceous segments. — Br.
ill Linn. Trans, r. xi. p. 173. Hook, in E, B(d. Siippl. I.
20 1(). Poly])odium, Su\ Acrostichum, Linn. Nephrodiuin
rufidulura. Ph.

Hab. Rocks; northern part of tlie northern hemisphere as far as Green-
land ; and mountaiiu)us regions in the temperate countries. Altai niountiiins,
Jhnujc. Rare in Britain ; Wales and Yorkshire.

10. W. hypcrhorca, lir.; glabrous or with the sti|)es rachis

64 WOODSIA,

and costa beneath slightly hahy mixed with a very few narrow
pale chaffy scales, fronds linear-lanceolate pinnated, pinnae
cordato-ovate membranaceous pinnatifid with few (5 — 7)
broadly obovate entire segments, the lower ones remote. —
Br. in Linn. Trans, v. xi. p. 173. t. 11. Polypodium, Sw.
Presl. E. Bot. t. 2023. P. Arvonicum, Sm.

Hab. Rocks; Arctic and subarctic countries of the northern hemisphere;
very rare in the mountainous parts of the temperate regions; Ha.voj (Hook-
er): rare also in Britain. On Snowdon, Wales ; Ben Lawers and in Clova,
Scotland. — Some of the small hairy specimens, with a few chaffy scales, as-
suredly come very near the preceding ; and I have seen individuals that I
have found it difficult to pronounce upon: yet I believe they are really dis-
tinct. The present is generally the tallest and most tender and membrana-
ceous plant, the fronds much narrower, the lower pinnae distant and gradu-
dually becoming smaller from near the middle ; the sori are larger, soon
confluent.

11. W. glabella, Br.; quite glabrous, fronds linear tapering
a little below pinnated, with the pinnae very remote towards
the short stipes, all of them deltoid thin and membranaceous
very obtuse, cut into a few (3 — 7) short rounded or subcuneate
nearly entire lobes. — Br. in Richards. App. to Frankl. Journ.
p. 39. Hook. Fl. Bor. Am. v. ii. p. 259, t. 237.

Hab. Subarctic America ; abundant about Great Bear Lake, Dr. Rich-
ardson. — This approaches much nearer to the last species than the first :
but is more delicate and slender, of a paler colour, quite glabrous, far
narrower in the frond and the lower pinuse coming down much lower on
the stipes.

SuBTRiBE III. Sori on the apex of a vein or veinlet, and frequently
projecting more or less beyond the margin. Eudicksonie.*;.

6. Thyrsopteris, Kze.
Panicularia, Colla.
Sori subglobose, from the apex of thickened veins of por-
tions of the frond which are destitute of parenchyme, subse-
cund, oblique. Involucre inferior, cup-shaped or between
globose and hemispherical, coriaceous, the mouth open or
but slightly contracted, entire. Receptacle large, globose,
spongy, elevated. Capsules sessile, imbricated, compressed,
with a large, oblique, nearly complete ring. Seeds 3-lobed.
— Arborescent (?') Fern of Juan Fernandez,ivith decompound
glabrous shining coriaceous fronds ; sterile and fertile pinnae
on the same frond, hitripinnatijid ; sterile ones with the ulti-
mate segments cuneato-lanceolate, obtusely serrated: the veins
simple or forked, sunk, disappearing below the points : fer-
tile ones similarly divided ; but the foliaceous substance or
parenchyme is not present, or closely surrounds the thick-
ened rachis and veins, which thus form a much compound

TIIYRSOPTKUTS. — DICKSONIA. G5

or fhi/rsoj(Ial raceme or jyanicle^ and the sari are /{talked.
Main racliis stoutj woolly (the wool deciduous), with a deep
furrow on one side ; it and the stipes unarmed. Hook. Gen.
FiL. TAJi. 44, A.

1. T. eleyans, Kzc. in Linnwa, ix. 506 ; and in Schk. Fil.
Suppl. p. 3, tab. 1. " Panicularia Bcrteri, A. Colla, iMemor.
Act. Torin. v. xxxix. p. 33, /. 64."

Hal). In moist woorly, sliaily, and inonnUiinous places, .Juan Fernandez >
liertero, ls;K), (». ir>;>7). — Of this beautiful Fern, fine specimens were sent
me by its lamented discoverer, marked "Cyathea ? an potius Aneinii;c sp. ?"
and indeed the nature ol the fronds and the thyrsoid character of the fruc-
tilications would.induce one at first sic;litto suppose it would naturally rank
near the latter j;eniis: but the fructiheation is totally at variance with thai,
and may be considered identical with (.'i/athea, so far as ihe structure of the
involucres and capsules and receptacles is concerned; nor am T yet sure
that its proper place is not among Cyaihcous plants. The terminal sori,
however, upon the veins, and the general appearance of the fronds, lead
to the conclusion that its natural position is near the true Dichsonia;.
Kunze remarks that " this Fern is said to liave a caudex as thick as a walk-
ing-stick ; whence it lias been supposed to be aiboresceut." Bertero is silent
in regard to the trunk, in his notes accompanying my specimens, and Prcsl
does not allude to il. Cut the latter author says " An huic gcneri adnu-
mcranda est ('honla ATolinaj, qiire arbor, trunco atronitente a Chilcnsis ad
baculos praidilcctos usitato, foliis multidivisis, divisiouibus teuuibus, baccis
racemosis quae hucusque ad Pahnas relata fuit."

7. DiCKSONi.A, LHerit.

Balantium, Kaulf. Culcita, Pr. Le])topleuria, Pr. Cys-
todium, J. Sm. Patania, Pr. Sitolobiuin, Desv.

Sori situated at the margin of the frond, and always from
tlie apex of a vein. Involucres subglobose or rcniform, cori-
aceous or membranaceous, formed, in part, of a more or less
changed lobule of the frond and of the proper involucre more
or less united, generally recurved, 2-valved t)r entire, fre-
quently (in the subgenus Patania) cup-.s]iapcd or cam))anu-
late. Receptacle more or less elevated. Capsules sessile or
stipitate, with an incomplete ring. — Tropical Ferns, or inha-
biting temperate climates, chiejbj in the southern hemisphere,
one in N. America ; sometimes arborescent. Fronds gene-
rally ample, various in composition, frequently mucJi divid-
ed into small, coriaceous or membranaceous pinnules. \'cins
pinnated, simple or forked. — Hook. Gen. Fil. tam. '20. (Ua-
lantium, Kaulf. ; but the original Dicksonia, L'llerit.). 'J\\i!.

60, A. (Culcita, Pr.). Tab. 60, B. (Leptopleuria, Pr.). Tah.
96. (Cystodium, ./. Sm.). 'J'ah. (H, A. (Dicksonia, Pr.). Tai$.

61, B. (Patania, Pr.)

Ons. It is not without the most careful consideratidu that I am induced

F

(>() Dlf'KSONIA.

to unite the several genera al)ove mentioned ; and thus, as it were, to re-
store the original genus Dicksonia, as understood l)y L'Heritier. It is true,
if we look at the majority of species of the Prttoreifl-group, there is a consi-
derable difference, Loth in habit and apparently in the structure of the in-
volucre, from the arborescent species of the Balanlinm-fxroup- but, in regard
to habit, all intermediate grades may be seen, and the difference of structure
in the involucre is more in appearance than in reality. In both cases the
involucre may be said to be double: there is a true and an accessory one ;
the true one, generally membranous, is situated near the margin, below a
small lobule of the frond, which latter is recurved, more or less changed in
texture, and united with the true one in a (/renter or less degree; in the first
case forming the cup-shaped or campanulate, generally entire, involucre of
Patania ; in the latter case the2-lipped or 2-valved involucre of Balantium
&c. In some instances, as in our D. Plumieri, our D. dubia {Davallia dubia,
Br.), the accessory and the true involucre are scarcely united, and then it is
difficult to distinguish the genus from some Davallia:, especially that group
called Microlepia by Presl. In short, it may be said that the proper invo-
lucre of Davallia united with the accessory one of Cheilanthes, go to form
that of Dicksonia.

Subgen. I. Balantium. Involucre distinctly 2-ialved. Balantium,
Kaulf. Culcita, Pr. Leptopleuria, Pr. Cystodium, J. Sm.

1. D. arhorescens, L'Heiit. ; arborescent, fronds bi-tripin-
nate coriaceous, pinnse oblong scarcely attenuated obtuse,
pinnules or segments ovate acute serrated decurrent upper
ones coadunate, fertile pinnules contracted, stipes rachis and
costa beneath clothed with ferruginous glandular wool. (Tab.
XXII. A.). HHerit. Sert. Anyl. p.^l. Wall. Cat. n. 64.
Dicksonia integra, Sw. Balantiiun arborescens, Hook. Gen.
Fil. I. c. B. auricomum, Kaulf. Ennm. Fil. p. 228, t.^\,f.
12. Presl.

Hab. Island of St. Helena, Sir Jos. banks. Dr. Snlander, and various
travellers ; only near the highest summit of Diana's Peak, /. D. Hooker. —
Caudex 9 or 10 feet high, clothed with the bases of the old stalks of the
fronds and crowned at the summit with a horizontal tuft of dark rusty green
foliage. The fronds are peculiarly thick and coriaceous, tripinnate. Se-
condary pinnae numerous, closely arranged, oblong-lanceolate, pinnate in
the lower half, the rest coadunate. Pinnules and segments larger than in any
of the genus. Sori generally on much-contracted pinnules, very large and
conspicuous, copious. Clavate, glandular, articulated hairs are mixed with
the capsules. The woolly ferruginous hairs of the rachis are also jointed.
The sketch of the entire Fern here given (Tab. XXII), was made by Dr. J.
D. Hooker, on returning from the Antarctic voyage in H. M. S. Erebus.
He gathered also fine specimens of the fronds, and brought home living
plants to the Royal Botanic Gardens of Kew.

2. D.antarclica, Labill.; arborescent, fronds supradecom-
]50und elliptical coriaceous glabrous, idtimate pinnae oblong
or oblong-lanceolate all of them acuminated at the apex, pin-
nules and segments ovate ver}^ acute pungent inciso-serrate,
fertile ones pinnatifid scarcely altered, sori small, general ra-
chis scabrous. — Lnbill. Nov. Holl. v. ii. p. 100, t. 249. Br.

ItlCKSONIA. (>7

Proi/r. Xor. Ihill. p. lo7. IJahiiiliiiin antuicticuin, Vn-sl.
Cibotiuin Billardiori, Kaiilf.

Hall. Van Dienien's \.a\u\, LahiUaidiere, Brown. Raviius in llic moun-
tainous parts (if the island, an«l close to the sea on the soutlieni shores, 6'mhu,
li(ickh<msi\ ./. ]). Hunker. Snnimit of the Blue Mountains, New Holland,
Allan Cuniiiiui/taiii, IN23. — 'J'his is truly a noMe arlxivescent Kern, with a
trunk or caudex ;U)— 3."> Icel hif^h. It is" well represented in the plate of a
"rem valley, Nan Diemen's Land," in Mr. Haekhouse's ' Narrative of a
Visit to the Australian Colonies.' With a trunk, however, more lofty than
that of D. arborcsccns, and fronds prohably e(iually large, the pinnules and
segments are very much smaller, not one fourth part of the size, and the
apices of the pinnae and pinnules are more acuminated. The sori are small,
but ecjually copious on the segments, which are but little contracted in con-
sequence of their presence. Fine living plants of this Fern exist in the green-
house of the Royal Gardens of Kew, and in that of His Grace the Duke <>t
Devonshire, at Chatsworth.

3. 1). Selhu'iaua, Hook. ; arborescent, Ironds suprade-
compound coriaceous glabrous, general and partial ])inn;e
scarcely acuminated at the apex, the latter oblong-lanceo-
late, ])innides and segments ovate acute piuigent incise >-
srrrate, fertile ones ])innatirid scarcely altered, sori small,
general rachis quite smooth. (Tab. XXII. B.). lialautium
Sellowianum, Pr., [accordi)ui to specimens /row Hie lioynl
Berlin HerJxiriuni). Dicksonia Organica, I\Iiers, MS. in ./.
Sm. Gen. Fit. {name only).

Hab. Brazil, Sclloir. Organ Mountaijis, J. Micrs, Esq. in Herb, tiostr. —
In general appearance, in the size of the pinntE, pinnules and ultimate seg-
ments, and in the size and form of the involucres, this has an exact aflinity,
except in the pinufe not being so much acuminated, with the preceding, D.
nntarctica : nor can I detect any dirtcreucc, save the less acuminated pin-
nre, and the perfectly smooth, not rough, main rachis.

4. D. Berteroana,\loo\i.; arborescent, fronds decompound
(tripinnate at least) coriaceous glabrous, pinnie all acumina-
ted, ultimate ])inna3 or j)innulcs crowded oblong acuminate
broader and imbricated at the base ])innatifid almost to the
rachis, segments obloiig-ovate acute somewhat ])inigent sub-
falcate serrated the lower ones free (ultimate pimiulcs) ierlile
ones narrower more elongated almost all free de("])ly ])innali-
fid into 7 or 8 lobes each of which bears a rather l.irge sorus,
stipes slightly rough more or less woolly. (Taij. XXIll. A.)
Balantium Berteroaninn, Kutize, Anal. Plerid. p. 40. Daval-
lia.'' an sj). n.? an gen. distinct.? Berlero MS. in Herb, nostr.

Hal). Thickly wooded jdaees on ihe elevated mountains of Juan Fernandez,
Birlcro, n. IfjlW. — Caudex (5 — 1.5 feet high, Bvrtrro. — Here again we have
a DicLiouia nearly allied to I), aiilurclica and D. Scllouionii, yet from a
widely dilfcrent Ideality to either of them. It is however more distinct from
ihem^ than they are Ir.im caeli other. 'J'he ultimate pinna- and pinnide.^
and segments are much mnr(> c ruwded, their bases literally imbrii aliug each

1 -2

08 DICKSONIA.

Other, the fertile fronds are more dividerl, the ultimate pinnae (or pinnules)
lieina^ ap:ain piiniatcd, the friictilied segments more contracted, more deep-
ly divided, and the sori arc mucli larger, next in size indeed to those of D.
arborescens. Our figure will give a better idea of these differences than can
be conveyed hy words.

5. D. sqiiarrosa, Svv.; arborescent, caudex clothed with the
bases of tlic old stall<s, stipes (black) and rachis eveiywhere
rough with raised ])oints and frequently hispid with black
spreading hairs, fronds coriaceous 3 — 4-pinnate, ultimate pin-
naj oblong moderately acuminated deejily pinnatifid, seg-
ments ovate or oblong ]uuigent and mucronately serrated,
i'ertile segments much smaller contracted deeply i^innatifid
each lobe bearing a rather small sorus, valves of the involu-
cre both concave nearly equal. SchkuJir, Fil. p. 124,/! 130,
{barren frond only). Trichonianes squarrosum, Forst. Prodr.
p. 86.

Hah. New. Zealand. Dusty Bay in the middle island, southern extre-
mity, Forster; extending northward probably through the whole of the mid-
dle and northern islands, Allan a)ul Richard Cunningham, Colenso, Sine/air,
J. D. Hooker, and various tnnrllers. — Trunk 6—8 feet high, or perhaps
more, crowned with noble tufls of bright green, beautifully graceful fronds,
divided more copiously and into much finer segments in the fructified por-
tions. The acutely and pungently serrated segments, the l)lach stipes and
rachis, rough with little elevated points mixed with blaci spreading bris-
tles, readily distinguish this species from the two following.

6. D.^brosa, Colenso ; "arborescent, caudex bulky clothed
with an excessively thick <l)y fibrous substance," main and
partial rachis smooth (not rough) clothed with dense patent
velvety hairs especially beneath, fronds coriaceous bipinnate
(fertile tripinnate) primary pinna: much acuminated, secon-
dary or ultimate ones oblong-lanceolate acute deeply pinna-
tifid, segments ovate subfalcate pungently acute and sharply
serrated lower ones free, fertile lobes smaller othei"wise not
much changed, the teeth or lobes soriferous, sori small, valves
of the involucre both concave nearly equal." (Tab. XXIII.
B.) D. fibrosa, Colenso in Tasnian. Journ. of Nat. Sc,

Hab. In rich alluvial soil near rivers, in woods in Te Waiite district,
northern island of New Zealand, January, 1842, W. Colenso, Esq., n. 289.
— Of this species I only possess portions of a large frond, with copious
fructifications. But, happily, Mr. Colenso's description is before me,
from which I have been able to improve the specific character : and the
following are his further general remarks. " This fine arborescent Fern at-
tains in its native forests a height of 18 feet. In affinity it approaches very
near to D. squarrnsa, Sw., from which, however, it may, even at a distance,
l)e readily distinguislied by its trunk not being studded with broken-off and
decayed petioles as in that species; but, on the contrary, thickly covered
with fibres, which resemble those of the fibrous interior of the husk of the
cocoa-nut. This fibrous epidermis increases in thickness with the age of

DICKSONIA. ()0

Uif phint ; and in time causes it to appear unusually bulky. Sonic trees
were noticed from l(»— 1!> inches in diameter. The natives cut away this
(ibrons outside in thick slices, which they use for many purposes in the
construction ol' their dwelliuf,' houses, and especially their stores lor food.
15cing easier cut by them llian wood, a piece resembling- a small plank
may readily be obUiined. It is also found much more eifectnal than sucli
timber as they, with their limited means, could cut, for excluding: vats and
mice, for these animals cannot f^naw the ury librous substance so readily
as throu},'h wood. Its living fronds are few in number, spreading and de-
ciduous; when dead they remain hanging for a long while thickly around
the trunk, giving the plant a peculiar bushy appearance. Its foliage, when
living, is much softer than that of D. s(/uarrosa, which is very harsh and
spiny, and much more dcei)ly veined. The natives call this species Weki-
ptnuja ; a word worth noticing, as showing the aeuteuess of their observa-
tion of natural productions: it being evidently derived from Weki, the
name given by them to D. srjuarrosa, and Potuja, their name for Cj/ntlwa
•Icalbata ; this plant being, according to their ideas, intermediate between
those two species; or possessing characters common to both, which un-
doubtedly it has in general appearance ; uniting the softness of the foliage
of the one, with the rough caudex and deciduous fronds of the other."

7. 1>. laiiata, Culcnso; subavborescent, stijjcs (pale brown)
and racliis smoollj }>ut clothed with dense shaggy dcciduons
wool, fronds ovate bi-tripiiniate coriaceous, ultimate ](inn;u
oblong shortly attenuated obtuse deeply i)innati(id, segments
ovato-oblong obtuse subl'alcate obtusely serrated, tlic lower
ones free (pinnules), fertile segments smaller contracted deep-
ly pinnatilid each lobe bearing a rather small sorus, valves of
the involucre both concave nearly eijual. (Tau. XXIII. C).
— D. lanata, Colenso in Tasiii. Joiirn. of Nal. Sc. D. liuvis,
Heward, MS. in Herb, nosir.

liab. New Zealand, northern island, fii-st detected by Mr. Allan Cun-
mnijham; ./". L). Hooker. Acclivities, cleareil woods on the high shores of
the east side of Waikare lake, December, ISll, W.Colcnso, ksq. — This,
so far as I can learn, and as Dr. Hooker's observation goes, does not
rise much above tlie ground, and forms but a short imperfect caudex.
It is extremely dilVerent from the two ])receding species, in tlie quite smooth
sti])es and rachis, of a pale brown colour, clothed with copious yellowisli de-
ciduous wool, and the very blunt segments and se#alures of the segments.
Mr. Colenso indeed in his iMS. now before me, mentions a variety " /3. his-
pi<ta, which is much larger, and grows on t'le mountain range of Wananake,
near the Waugarei lake, E. coast. It attains to 5 — 0 feet in height, in-
cluding the stipes, and is nearly quadripinnate; its {)innules too are more
distant, segments oblong-linear and i)iunalilid, and the hair of the stipes
and frond is much more rigid and of a dark brown colour. 1 am almost
inclined to consider it a distinct species, but wait the examination of bet-
ter specimens than those at present in my possession." — I have received
from this persevering and enthusiastic botanist a s])ecimen marked " ;{:?,
Diclisonia, n. sp.? " which 1 take to be the plant just alluded to. If so,
though a rather striking variety, I still think it iiut a variety. The sti])es
and rachis arc pale brown, slightly rough to the touch, but not sensilily
to the eye, ([uite free from woolly covering, which has no doubt fallen away ;
but the base of the stipes is clothed with long, silky, dark brown seta: ; the

70 DICKSONIA.

sterile fronds are dark green above, pale beneath ; the segments of the pin-
nre hirger; the fructifications are siniihir, but the involucres are yellow, not
reddisli-brown as is usually the case.

8. T). Culciia, L'Herit.; camlex creeping, stipes with dense
long lulvous silky hair at the base, fronds triangular 4-pin-
nalc subcoriaeeous glabrous, ])innules ovato-cuneale inciso-
serrate or lanceolate and ])innatifid, fertile ones somewhat
contracted, son rather large 1 — 3 on each lobe or pinnule,
involucres renifonn on the anterior margin, the valves both
concave n -arly equal. — Cidcita macrocarpa, Pr. Hook. Gen.
Fil. t. (JO, A. Balantiura Culcita, Kaiilf.

Hab. ^ladeira and the Azores, Musson and other travellers. In the latter
island on mountains of 2 — 3000 feet of elevation, Gut/mic, H. C. Watson.
A well known and beautiful Fern, as far as I know, confined to the islands
just mentioned. I can see no reason for separating this from Dicksonia
(I5a1;tntiura, Kanlf.), as Presl has done under the generic name of Culcita,
and whose characters rest on the semilunate involucre, with the two valves
alike, the transverse, linear and crest-shaped receptacle and large sori :
while Mr. J. Smith retains the genus Culcita on the ground of the
" slightly oblong and coriaceous texture of the frond with the remarkable
criniferous rhizoma."

9. D. co)iiifolia, Hook.; caudex creeping?, fronds ample
lax quadiipinnate membranaceous glabrous, ultimate pin-
nules small lanceolate acuminate distant inciso-pinnatifid, the
segments short oblong obtusely bi-tridentate, ultimate rachis
com])resscd winged, main rachis woolly especially on one side,
iertile pinnules scarcely contracted, sori large renifonn termi-
nating a short tooth membranaceous brown, the valves nearly
equal of the same texture. (Tab. XXIV. A.)

Ilab. ViiYaccas, Linden, n. 538. — The caudex and stipes are unknown to
me: they ))robably resemble D. Culcita, with which the involucres exactly
agree; but the species is very different. Primary pinns \\ foot long, 8 —
12 inches broad, supradecompound, lax and membranaceous, the general
appearance resembling that of the leaf of some umbelliferous plant. Sori
very large, dark brown, on short teeth or segments.

10. D. Martiana, Kl. ; caudex creeping.'', fronds quadri-
])innate, pinnae lanceolate subpetiolate acuminate membra-
naceous but firm pinnatifid, the segments lanceolato-cuneate
lower ones again subpinnatifid, teeth or segments acute, veins
obscure internal, sori rare solitary in the axil of a tooth or lobe
transversely oblong or renifonn, valves convex nearly equal,
lower one a little smaller, ])rincipal rachis with copious lax
arachnoid rusty hairs. (Tai}. XXIV. B.) — Klotzch, MS. in
Herb. Rey. Berol. et in Herb. noHtr.

Hab. S. Brazil, Sellow. — A peculiar looking species, apparently having
anijdc much divided fronds with something the habit of a Poh/stichum,
Schotl, of a firm texture, not glossy, with obsolete veins, everywhere gla-
ludus. Rachis slender, zigzag.

DICKSONIA. 71

1 1. 1). (Iiibin, Gatid.; caudi-x cifcpin^' r, iVoiids trii.iiniah;
subcoriaceous, i)iiuuu deeply i)iMiuili(id in the larger ones
down to the winged raeliis laneeolate inciso-serrate, the low-
er ones remote and again ))innalifid hairy beneath (at length
ghd)rous), sori gU)bose, njiper valve of tlie involuere Ibnned
of a scarcely changed tooth or lobule of the frond reflexed,
lower one small convex meiubranaceous and jagged. (Tab.
WIV. C.) — Cundich. in Frcijc. J'oy. Dot. p.'Sii?. Davallia
dubia, Ih: Prodr. p. 157. Balantiuni Brownianum, Pr.Pter.
p. 134, f. 5,/. 4. Dicksonia fallax, Kaulf. in Sieh. St///. Fit.
n. Ill, Fl. Mi.vf. M.247. Woodsia.? dubia, JJesv.

Hal). Port Jackson, and Tasmania, Brown, Siaber, Sinclair, Bynoe,
(I'uun. J. D. Hooker. — A pale slravv-colouvetl species, with coriaceous riKid
ajiparently ample fronds, generally with rusty hairs beneath. Mr. Brown
places this plant in Davallia, because he does not consider the small rellcx-
cd lobule which i)artially covers the sori as a portion of the involucre, which
may well be considered doubtful, as is that of D.adiantoides : but from ana-
logy, and especially from the dose affinity of the s])ecieswilh D.slramiuea,
I prefer ranging it in Dicksonia, as Gaudichaud and Kaulfuss have done.
Presl represents a more evident two-valved involucre than I iind, and one
exactly resembling that of Dicksonia straminca, Labill.

12. D. straminea, Lab.; caudex creeping.^, "fronds tripli-
cato-pinnate, pinnae acuminate greenish-yellow beneath, pin-
nides tra])eziform-oblong obtusely serrated, stipes and rachis
naked semiterete fin-rowed." Labill. Sert. Austr. Caled. p.
7, t. 10.

Hab. New Caledonia, Labillurdicrc. Offach, He Waigiou, D'Urville. —
This has much the habit and general appearance of our D. dubia {Da-
vallia dubia, IJr.), so that, were it not for the glabrous fronds (of rare occur-
rence in D. dubia), and the larger inferior valve of the involucre, I should
take the two species to be identical.

13. Ti.damUioides, Br.; caudex creeping.?, "fronds supra-
deconi])Ound membranaceous flaccid somewhat hairy beneath,
pinnules oblong incised with few sori, involucres glabrous,ex-
terior valve smaller." /}'/-. Prodr. p. 158. Sitolobium, J. S/n.

Hal). Port Jackson, Brown. — " Closely allied to Damllia dubia.^'

14. D. Kdiilfussidtid, Gaud.; "fronds triplicato-pinnate,
primary and secondary pinnaj elongato-acinninate at the apex
serrulate, ))innules ovate-oblong rather acute crenulato-den-
tate cuneate at the base beneath and on the rachis villous,
involucres ])ilose." Gaud, in Frcyc. loij. p. 308. "Davallia
hirta," Kaulf. En. Fil. p •2-23.

Hab. Mowi, iu the Sandwich Islands, 12 — 1-tOOO feet of elevation, Gau-
dichaud. Owhyhcc, Cliamisso ;' — Gaudichaud says his plant has a great
rostmblancc to the large variety of Dicksonia davallioides, Br.; and quotes
Kaulfuss' Damllia hiria of Oalui as the same, observing that although the
upper valve of the involucre, formed by ihc inflexed lobule of the frond, is

72 DICKSONIA.

not very distinct, yet that it is sufficiently so to detenniue that this plant
cannot be confounded with Davallia ; — whereas Kauliuss remarks, on Ins
species, that "it possesses the habit of Dicksonia, but the fructiiication ol
Ddvallia."

15. D. ahrupla, Bory ; candox creeping scaly, fronds lan-
ceolate iiinnate, pinna; sessile lanceolate doubly scn-ated
bruad and collate or truncate at tbe base, upper ones fertile
nanower acuminated, involucres along the whole margin up-
on short broad teeth coriaceous dark brown rcniform, outer
valve largest and convex, inner nearly plane operculifonn.—
Bonj, Voy. r. ii. p. 187, /. 30. Stv. Syn. Fit. p. 138. Hook.
Gen. Fil. t. C, B. Lcptopleuria, Prefil.

Halt. Bourbon, amongst scorite and lava, Bimj, Carmicliael. — V'mns: 3
—4 inches long, an inch broad at the base of the lower ones. Veins copi-
ous, parallel.

16. D. sorbifnlia, Sm. ; fronds bij^innate, pinnae subpetio-
late acuminate serrated especially towards the apex truncate
at the base, fertile ones narrower margined with fructifica-
tions, involucres subglobose membranaceous, outer valve cu-
eullate, inner small and nearly plane, rachis and costa hirsute.
(Tab. XXV. A.) — Sm. in llecs Cycl. v. vii. D. Moluccana,
II all. Cat. n. 2174. Cystodium sorbifolium, J. Sm. — Hook.
Ccn. Fil. I. 96.

II ab. Isle of Honimoe, E. Indies, Mr. C. Smith. Moluccas, Herb. Rox-
(jur</h. — Evidently allied to D. abrupla, but more compound, with much
suKiller pinna;, distant veins and different involucres.

17. D. Plia/iieri, Hook.; fronds trijunnate ample glabrous,
pinn;e subpetiolate broadly lanceolate acuminate deeply pin-
natilid cuneate at tlie base, the segments oblong acute or acu-
minate crenate the teeth everywhere bearing sori, involucres
suborbicular deeply 2-valved membranaceous, outer valve
convex at lengtli cucullate and covering the nearly plane
smaller inner one. — Davallia adiantoides, Stv. Syn. Fil. p. 131.
IVilld. Sp. PL V. V. p. 469. D. Domingcnsis, Sj>r. Anl. v. iii,
/J. 149,/. 33. Cibotium, Pr. Microlepia, J. 5'w. — Plum.

Fil. L 7.

ilab. St, Domingo, Plumier. Jamaica, Wifes, Wrirjht, McFadycn, Ban-
croft. l>ominica. Dr. Imray. — Apparently a large-growing Fern, with am-
ple fronds and copious fructifications. Tliese latter arc almost intermediate
between Damllia and Dichsonia : the outer valve, at first only a tootli or
small lobe of the frond, afterwards becomes convex, thinner, and linally of
nearly tlie same texture as the inner one, which it frequently involves as
with a hood. The difficulty of determining tlie genus of this plant may be
inferred from the several genera in which it has already l)ecn placed.

18. D. T/milcni, Hook.; frond tripinnate ami)le glabrous,
piinue narrow-lanceolate acuminate pimiatifid, segments Ian-

DICKSON I A. 78

ceolate acuminate deeply and sharply inciso-serrate lower
ones often distinct tlie sevratures bcarinpf the fructifications,
involucres suborbicular, outer valve at length convex inner
snuiUer both lueuibranaceous and united into a conii)ressed
almost complete cup. (Tab. XXV. 13.)

Hub. Caraccas, Linden, 7i. 1(56. — Tliis is, in many respects, allied to tlie
jncceding, but diU'ers in the pinna; and segments bein<> narrower and more
acuminated, and sharply inciso-serrate. Involucres approaching those of
the Patania-secUon, but compressed, and standing forward, almost as in
Di'paria.

Doubtful Species of tJiis Section.

19. D. marginalis, Sw. ; " fronds pinnate, pinnae ensiform
auricled and incised above, upper ones coadunatc, sti^jcs vil-
lous." Siv. Syn. Fil. p. 138 and 36-2. Willd. Sp. PL v. v. p,
482. Polypodium marginalo, TJnuih. Jap. 337. — Ilab. Japan,
Thunherg. — This should perhaj)s be placed next 1). abrupta.

20. D. linearis, Cav. ; " fronds sid)bipinnatc, pinna: alter-
nate linear, pinnules of the same form crenidate." Sw. Syn.
Fil. p. 138. Willd. Sp. PI. r. v. p. 483. Car. Prccl. 1801, n.
(583. — llab. Marianne and Philip])iuc Islands. — This plant
seems to be only known on the authority of Cavanilles.

21: D. Japonica, Sw. ; "fronds subbipinnate, pinnules
rhombeo-ovate obtuse serrated and as well as the stipes pu-
bescent." Sw. Syn. Fil. p. 138 and 360. Willd. Sp. PL v.
V. p. 483. — Hab. Japan. — Swartz and Willdenow quote
under this species Polypodium crislalum Japonicum, Houtt.
Linn. Pfl. Syst. ]>. 208, t. 99, f. 3 ; but Brown gives this as a
synonym to his Davallia Jlaccida.

22. D. striyosa, Sw. ; " fronds bipinnate, pinnae ensiform,
])innules rhombeo-oblong rather acute incised, segments ob-
ovate dentate, stipes and rachis pubescent." Sw. Syn. Fil. p.
138. Willd. Sp. PL V. v. p. 484. Trichomanes, T/iiaib. Jap.
339. — Ilab. Jai)an. — I aui not aware that anything more is
known of this Fern than what is here given.

(D. polypodioides, Sw. — This is i)robably the Davallia Jlac-
cida., Br. ; since Forster's Polypodium nudum, Prodr. n. 446,
is the authority for it, and the Microlepia polypodioides, Pr.)

23. 1). Zeylanica, Sw. ; " fronds supradecompound, pin-
nules oblong obtuse sinuato-jiinnatifid, the segments obovate
gibbous dentate, stipes glabrous." Sw. Syn. Fil. p. 138 and
358. Willd. Sp. PL p. 489. — llab. Ceylon, Thunherg. —
Swartz comi)ares this with his D. Jlaccida and 1). dissecta,
and it may ])erha])s be of the Pa f an i a -section : but his re-
mark on the involucres is at variance with that genus. " In-

71 DICKSONIA.

(liisia (lii|)lici:i sonnn aniplectentia : cxterim e denticulo
ohtuso coucavo inflexo in sinu pinnul;c ; inlevina opposilum,
c- nii'iiibrana seniicirculari intej^ra, plicata, pallida."

t21. I). ? Madirf/iisrar/ensis, Kzc. ; " frond membranaceous
tripinnat()-i)innati(id liairv on cacli side at the veins, primary
l)inna' ovato-obloni;, secimdary alternate subsessile unequally
ovato-oblong falcate acuminate, i)innules unequally oblong
deeply ])innatifid, segments shordy oblong obtuse inciso-cre-
nate, son of the crenatures intramarginal rounded, interior
involucre semi-lunate, rachis hairy, secondary margiucd."
Kzc. Anal. Pti'r. p. 38.

Hab. ^[a^lapasc:lr, whence very iiicomplcte portions have been brought
by M. (ioudot. — Kunze is verydonbtful about the genus of this plant.
It woiihl api>oar, from tiie descriptioTi of the involncre, to belong to the
Ii(ilaiitium-'j^iit\\\^, if a Dicksoitia at all.

Subgen. II. Patania. Involucres cup-shaped or subcampanulate.
Patauia, Pr. Dicksonia,* Pr. Sitolobium, Desv.

(Ultimate divisions or pi time lar(/e, more than an inch tony. Sp. 25 — 29^.

25. D.Pd ran i,lloo\i.; fronds amjde bi})innate,pinnfe sessile
broadly oblong acuminate pinnatifid about half-way down,
up])er ones obtuse coadunate, segments or lobes broad short
rotmded slightly margined nearly entire and pubescenti-ci-
liate, son 1 — G in the sinuses chiefly on the upper margin
rather small at length shallow cup-sliaped membranaceous,
rachis soun;what zigzag and as well as the costa downy.
(Tab. XXVI. A.) — Davallia arborescens, Willd. Sp. PL v. p.
470. Plii7n. Fit. p. 7, t. 6.

Hub. Hispaniola, Phunier. Peru, Ruiz and Puvon, in Herb, nostr. — I
think there can be little doubt of the figure of Phunier belonging to this
species. If so, the stem is arborescent; '"3 feet high and 6 inches in
diameter;" aiul that is the authority for Davallia arborescens, Willd., which
seems to be hitherto only known from Plumier's figure and description.
It is ])robably extremely rare. Piumier found it in only one spot in St.
Domingo, and the single specimen that has come under my observation is
fnun the herbarium of Ruiz and Pavon. The pinna are f) — 6 inches long,
and at the base H inch l)road.

20. D. coiicinna, Hook.; "fronds bipinnate glabrous, pin-
nules alternate linear-lanceolate attenuato-acuminate deeply

* I am aware that Presl considers a 2-valved involucre as a character of
his Dicksonia ; but I do not find it in the species he brings under that ge-
nus, nor do his figures represent it so, any more than those of his Patania.
Probably, owing to pressure of the specimens, or from the opening of the
involucre being transverse, an appearance of two short lips may be given ;
liut I do not think tiial it is so in reality.

MICKSUNM. 76

l)innatiri(l, segments ovalo-oblong obtuse sui)eiit)r base trun-
cate inferior base abscisso-cuneale, the superior margin and
aj)ex incised, incisions obtuse eniarginate fructiferous, rachis
scabrous." J3avallia concinna, Pre.sl, Retiq. Ihcnk. p. Gb*.
Patania, Pr. Ten I. PterUl. p. 1:38.

Hal). ? (Presl). — From the above character I should have heeu dis-

jiosed to refer this to our I). PliDidcri, {n. 17); but the author says of it,
" alliuis DamilUa arboresceuti, VVilld.," which is identical, in my opinion,
with our Dick.tnnia Pai-oni ; and Sjncngel, without any doubt, adduces it
as a synonym to Davallla arhorcscens.

27. D. (ididul aides, II. B. K. ; fronds ample spreading
glabrous 2 — 3-])innate, ])riuiary divisions acuminate, pinna)
broadly lanceolate acuminate more or less deeply ])innatifid
obliquely cuneate at the base and decurrent, the segments
broadly ovate very obtuse nearly entire or lobato- dentate
bearing sori (1 — 3) in the sinuses mostly at the ui)per mar-
gins rather small cup-shaped. (Tab. XXVI. B.) — H. B. K.
Nov. Goi. Am. i. p. 24. Willd. Sp. PL v. p. 488. " D. bi-
])innata," CUir. Pncl. 1801, n. 682. Dicksonia altissima, Sm.
ht Rees' Cycl. r. xi ? Polypodium globuliferum, lAirn. Encycl.
V. p. 554. Plum. Fil. t. 30.

Hab. Hispaniola, Plumicr, Tkierry. Caraccas, Humboldt, Linden, n.
15(i. — This is a noble species, with large pinrne, somewhat resembling our
D, Pavoni, but differing in the form of the pinnse, in the fructidcalions and
in the absence of all hair. Sir J. E. Smith refers to Pluraier's figure for
his 1). atlissi7na, but describes his ])lant as having zigzag hairy ribs and
veins, which better accords with D. Pavoni.

28. D. erosa, Kze. ; " frond coriaceous subtripinnatc, se-
condary pinna) divergent lanceolate acuminate, pinnules un-
equally ovato-oblong cuneate at the base below and decurrent
above subauriculate with the rounded or truncate apex emar-
ginate or crenate, the margin obtusely falcato-dentate, rachis
rough below squamoso-canaliculate, stipes chaffy." Kze. in
PI. Crypt. Pocpp. p. 88 {not Patania erosa, Presl, Plerid. nor
Hook. Gen. Ft I.)

Ilab. Woods at Pampayaco, Peru, frequent, Poeppiy. — " Fronds very
large, H — 9 feet. Our plant differs from P. ordiiuita, Kaulf , an allied spe-
cies, in the coriaceous frond, in the secondary pinnae being remote, broader
pinnules more rounded at llie apex, the rachis beneath asperulous, above
stiuamulose. Dicks, adiantoides, H. B. K. and Willd., and Plum. t. 30,
may be distinguished by the stipes and the rachis being subpuberulous or
glabrous." — From these remarks of Kunze, it seems that this species has
the closest affinity with Dicks, adinntoidrs. But the Patania erosa of
Presl, and, following him, of our (Jen. Fil. 1. c., is, judging from Presl's fi-
gure of a pinnule, a very distinct species, which 1 here refer lo D.ciculariu.

29. D. ordiHdtu, Kaulf.; "fronds tripinnate, secondary |iin-
me lanceolate altcnuato-caudate patent, i)inuides oblong-Ian-

7(» niCKSONIA.

cc'olato inciso-dcnlatc truncate at the apex bearing about 6
glabrous sori, .segments truncate cniarginato-dentale, stipes
and racliis glabrous." Kanlf. En. Fil. />. 220.

Hal). PorlD-rico, Vcnlenat. — " SufliineiUly (liffeieul from tlie D. adian-
ti>i,lfs in the rorm ol" the pinnae and of the pinnules."

( i'llhnalc divisions or pinna smalt, less than an inch, generally much smaller.
SjK 30— 5i;.

30. T>.ciculnria,S\Y.; fronds spreading tripinnate, ultimate
pimuc ovate or ovato-lanceolate cuneate at the base and de-
eiurent upon a winged rachis rather distant obtuse lobed or
l)innatirid half way down to the coshi, the base above gene-
rally auricled, segments varying in length frequently falcate
with the lower ones sometimes acute projecting beyond the
sorus, sori .solitary rather large cu]i-shaped, rachis costa and
veins glabrous or hairy, (he latter prominent or level with
the mri'acc.—Sw. Syv. Fll. p. 137. UWd. Sp. PI. v. p. 487.
D. |)ilosiuscida, Iinddi\ Fil. Bras. p. 63 (cxcl. syn.) D. Hook-
eriana, Kl. hi Ilerh. Reg. Berol. el in Herb. Hook. — &. frond
more membranaceous. Sloaiie, Jam. i. /. 57, y. 1, 2 {excel-
lent). Phtmier, t. 31} D. tenera, Mart. PI. Crijpt. Bras. p.
90, /. ()6 {e.vcellent). Hook. Gen. Fil. t. 61, A. D. adiau-
toides, Link [not H. B. K.) — y. barren segments more cune-
ate and serrated above. D. dissecta, Sieh. St/n. Fil. n. 198,
{not Sw.) — 3". pinnules larger brighter green less deeply
lobed. Patania crosa, Pr. Pterid. p. 138, t. 5,/. 12, 13, {not
Dicks, erosa, ^ee.) Hook. Gen. Fil. t. 61, B.

Hal). Jamaica, Shane, Swartz, aiul prohuhly general in the West-India
Islands. Brazil, Raddi, Sellow, Gardner, n. 5327, and 201 , Macrae. Cocos
Island, N. Paciiic, Mcnzies, Barclotf. Guayaquil, IJeenke. Vera Cruz and
Jalapa, Mexico, Linden. — /3. Brazil, Marlins. — -y. Guatemala, Skinner.
Quebrada of Panalniauca, Peru, Mailiews, n. 974. — This is assuredly a veiy
variable plant, and tlie ultimate segments and pinimles exhibit rather diffe-
rent forms in different pLints and different parts of the same plant. Sloane's
ligure is my guide for tlie species, and is excellent for the common state of
Jamaica. This isratlier firm in texture, butsuhmembraii.-iceous and remark-
able for the deep sinuses of the lower segments of many of tlte fertile pinnules,
which arc falcate, curving upwards, and bearing a solitary sovus in the axil.
Martins' plate is eciually characteristic, differing in nothing from true cicu-
taria, but in being a little more thin and tender. Ofthemc. y. I possess on-
ly one specimen, and this with few fertile pinnules. It perhaps scarcely
deserves to be deemed a variety. All these are of a dull opaque colour, ge-
nerally verging to black wlien dry. Our var. S. lias larger more hairy
pinnules, less deeply lobed ; they are of a briglit or lively green, and so ex-
actly correspond with the Patania crosa of Presl, tliati cannot but look upon
that as the same, and very different from the Dicks, crosa, Kze., although
Presl considers it to be identical. The ultimate pinna;, or pinnules, are
always on a rachis which is distinctly winged.

31. D. cornuta, Kaulf.; "fronds tripinnate, pinnules oblong

DICKSONIA. 77

])innatiri(l rolundato-sinuatc Iruucalc and crenatc at the apex,
costcc liairy benoalh, segments oblong truncate falcate, par-
tial racliis pubescent." K<mlf. Kn. Fil. p. 227.

Ilal). Brazil, {Spmujel). " Sori rallicr larp;e, obloii};, transverse, in the
sinnscs of t)ic sesincnts. Inclusia ovate, transversely dehiscing." Whether
the aiipcarance of transverse opening of the involucres be oceasicnied by
pressure in <lrying, or not, I am doubtful. 1 suspect the species is nearly
allied to D. cicutaria.

32. D. (fi.sserfn, S\v. ; fronds spreading trijiinnate, idtimate
])inna; or ])in]inles lanceolate cuneate at the base and decur-
rent upon a slightly winged rachis deeidy ])innatifid with long
narrow segments the hnver ones of which arc often inciso-
])innatirid, sori rather small solitary in the sinuses of the seg-
ments cup-sha])ed, rachis and costa slightly hairy. — Sw. Syn.
Fil. p. 130. Willd. Sp. PL p. 486. Svhkuhr, Fil. t. 130, h.
Alarfens et Galeoiti, Fil. Mex. p. 77. Dicks, expansa, Kanlf.
in Sieb. Syn. Fil. n. 110.

Hab. Jamaica, Swartz, Bancroft, Wiles. Vera Cruz, Mexico, Galentti.
— What I take for this idant, and from whence I have drawn up my specific
character, might, I think, without violence to nature, be considered a vari-
ety of D. cicutaria, with narrower pinnules and finer segments. Schkuhr's
figure is sufliciently accurate.

33. D.npiifolia, Sw.; fronds tripinnate, pinnides rhombeo-
lanceolate deeply inciso-pinnatifid subj^etiolate and decurrent
on a slightly winged rachis, the segments narrow-linear acute
pointing upwards, sori rather small on short teeth in the si-
nuses of the segments, rachis and costa quite glabrous, (Tab.
XXVI. C.)— ^m;. Syn. Fil. p. 137. JVilltL Sj). PI. p. 487. D.
a])iifolia, ^. dissecta, Desv. et Kze. PL Crypt. Poepp. p. 88.
D. angustidcns, Pr.

Hab. Jamaica, Suartz. Maynas, Peru, Poeppig. — My character of this
is taken from Poeppig's specimen, the same as Kunze's plant, and which
seems to me to be the same with D. apiifolia, Sw. ; a name it appears
well to deserve. Swartz, however, was unacquainted with the fructifi-
cation, and of course the genus was doubtful to him. It is remarkable for
the inciso-pinnatifid character of the pinnules, their narrow segments and
their tai>ering almost into a footstalk, which however is decurrent and forms
a very narrow wing upon the rachis.

34. 1). Jlaccidd, Sw.; "fronds triplicato-pinnate, primary
and secondary pinna; acuminate, ])innules (nato-oblong acute
jiinnatifid, segments oblong-cuneate the U]i])er margin une-
qually and obtusely dentate, the up})cr fructiferous ones bi-
dentate, stipes and rachis downy." Willd. — Sw. Syn. Fil.
p. 137 and 357. IMlld. Sp. PL v. p. 489. Schkh. FiL t. 129.
Dennstiidtia (laccida, licrnli. in Schrad.Journ. 1801, t. \,f.
3. Trichomanes flaccidum, Forsf. Vrodr. n. 472.

7H PICRSONIA.

Hal). Pacific Ules, J'orsler. — I liave seen no s)ieciinciis of lliis from
tlio " Pacific Isles,'' save Forstei's orifj;inal ones in the Bantsian herharinin ;
and as far as can he jii(lf>ed from lliem, and indeed from the description
and (ifrnrcs above quotetl, it may safely be referred to D. cirularia, which
\\e V\u>\\ throws at Cocos Island. Swartz describes a donble indusium,
which, if cornet, wonld induce us to refer the species to the Balantium di-
vision : but Berniiardi's figure represents it as an entire cup.

35. I). Molticcavn, V>\ ; " frond Iripinnatifid coriaceous
.somewhat downy beneath, ])inntc op])osite oblongo-lanceo-
hite acuminate, ]>innule.s lanceolate rather obtuse deeply
pinnatifid, segments dimidiato-ovate obtusely toothed on the
ii])])er margin, rachis and scandent stipes aculeate." Bl. Fil.
Jar. p. 239.

Ilab. Mountains of the Moluccas, Blame. — " Distinguished from D.flnc.
cida, 8w., by the aculeate rachis."

3(). D. .'icdnde />.<!, Bl. ; frond tri))innatifid or supradecom-
pound membranaceous glabrous, pinna) opposite oblongo-
lancoolate acuminate, pinnules lanceolate rath(n- obtuse deeply
])innatiftd, segments dimidiato-ovate obtuse bluntly inciso-
dentate, rachis and scandent stipes aculeate." Bl. Fil. Jav.
p. 240.

Ilab. Lofty mountains of Java. On the volcanic mountain, Gede, Pal-
lasarie, &c. Bknne. — " Differs from the preceding (/>. Moluccnna) in the
flaccid frond and in the larger teeth of the segments."

37. D. Javanica, Bl. ; " frond decompound coriaceous, at
the costa beneath and on the rachis hairy, pinna; alternate and
the pinnules (which are nearly opposite) ovato-oblong very
acuminate, secondary subrhombeo-lanccolate acute deeply
])iiniatifid, the segments cuneato-linear rather obtuse une-
qually and obtusely dentate bearing sori in the sinuses." BL
Fil. Jav. p. 240.

Hab. Mountain woods of Java, Blume. — " Dicksoniajlaccida, Sw., dif-
fers in the segments of the frond being broader and more obtuse."

38. D. distenia, Kze. ; " frond ample remotely tripinnato-
])innatifid slightly hairy at the veins on each side, primary
piniue ovate and secondary sessile subopposite patent oblong
aciuninate, pinnules luiequally ovato-oblong obtuse dee])ly
pinnatifid, segments oblong subfalcate sinuato-dentate bear-
ing sori in the sinuses, sori transverse, sti])es and rachis a little
hairy furrowed above." Kze. Anal. Plcrid. p. 39. Limuca,
r. iii. p. 145.

Hab. Xalapa, Mexico, Sihiedc. — From the " transverse " sori and the
" indusium proprium semilunatun), marginale, brevissivium," I should
have been disposed to refer this to the Balantium-gnmp ; but the author
compares it with J), rubiginnsn, D. anthrisvifidia and D. cornnta, among
which, the plant being wlndly unknown to nie, I have thought it best to
pliicc it.

DICKSOMA. 79

8J). I), nd/tf/iftosa, K;inll". ; lioiids spreading ani])le Iripin-
iiatc, ])innji; oblong obtuse liairv especially beneath, the seg-
n)ents oblong (lentato-])innatifid especially on the superior
margin membranaceous funi often brown and glossy above,
sori very small chiefly on the superior margin in the sinuses
of the sharj) teeth cu]i-sha])ed com])ressed (from drying?), ra-
chis and costa clothed with rufous down. (Tah. XXVI I. A.)
— Kaulf. Kntnn. Fit. />. 226.

H;ib. Brazil, Hio Jaiuiro, (Kaulf iias); Gardner, n. ;j()72. Tcjiica, Mar-
lins. Bahia, y//««(7u'/, (/. '2'2;3G. \'cia Cruz, Mexico, />?»f/^7i, «. 7(5, aii'l
Chiapas, Coliinil)ia, LimUm,n. 1537. Peru, Mathews, n. 109(> and 1K29.
Guatemala, ^7{?»(H<'r, .Jamaica, Purdie, Bancroft. — Apparently an abundant
s|)ecies in llic above-mentioned localities, and, in my opinion, a very dis-
tinct one. The pinnae and se}>fments are remarkably uniform in size and
structure, and the sori amongst the smallest of the genus.

40. D. ani/iriscifoiia, Kaulf.; fronds ample spreading tri-
])iunatc, pinnte ovato-oblong pinuatifid nearly to the costa,
segments oval-oblong obtuse dentate soriferous in the axils
of the teeth, rachis glabrous, costa and veins slightly hairv.
(Tab. XXVII. B.)—Kau//. En. Fit. p. 227. Kze. hi Limuca,
V. V. p. 45. Siehcr, Sifii.Fil. n. 60. Fl. MLvt. n. 314. Chei-
lanthes, Bory in Wiild. Sp. PI. v. p. 461.

Hab. Bourbon, Bory. Mauritius, Bojer, Sicber, Telfair. — A species
with ample spreading IVonds much resembling those of Z>. ruhiginosa ; but
more delicate and very slightly hairy.

41 . D.punci'iloba, Hook.; fronds lanceolate bipinnate mem-
branaceous, pinnnc lanceolate rather obtuse deeply pinnatilid,
the segments oblong obtuse toothed or again pinuatifid, sori
very small, one in the sinus or upper margin of each segment
(rarely more), rachis and costa glanduloso-pilose. — Nephro-
dium punctilobum, Midi. Flor. Bor. Am. ii. p. 268. Dick-
sonia pubescens, Schklt. Fil. t. 13. D. pilosiuscula, WilUI.
Sp. PL v. p. 484 [not Raddi). Hook. Fl. Bor. Am. ii. p. 264.

Hab. United States and Canada, Michaux and others. — Very distinct.
General appearance resembling Asplenium Filix-fccmina, L., but of a pale
straw colour when dry, the stipes red-brown. This is the only species of
Dicksouia yet known to inhabit temperate or cold climates, and it extends
as far north as Canada.

42. D. appoidiciildid, Wall. ; everywhere esjiecially be-
neath j)iloso-glandidar, fronds lanceolate tall much attenuated
jit the base bi])innate, ])inn;e narrow oblong almost linear
})innatifi(l, the segments oblong entire or bi-trifid the base
decurrcnt on the rachis, sori large globose co])ious u])on the
shortened teeth of the segments. (Tau. XXA'Il. C.) — Wdll.
Cat. n. 65.

Ilab. Nepal and Kamoun, WaWiih. — A most ilistinct species, in gene-

80 DICKSONIA.

ral fonn or oiilliiie rcscinMing D. punctilolia, but dilTcrent in the divisions
of tlic pinnrr. The h)\ver pinna; arc very short, nmnerous on the lower part
of the nichis or stipes, and there remote. The name is, no doubt, given
from the consjticuons sori on the somewhat contracted tectli, resembling
glolndar appendages. Stipes and racliis brown, glossy, stout.

43. D. del foiden, Hook.; frond deltoicl-ovcate quadripinnale,
pinnules oldong-cuncate iiinnatifid, the segments linear ob-
tu.sc few on a winged racliis, sori terminal npon the shorter
segments, rachiscs (the main one zigzag) costifi and frond (in
a slight degree) hairy. (Tab. XXVIII. A.)

llab. Ceylon, Mrs. Gcnl. irrt/A-rr.— Stipes fi— 8 inches long, a little rough,
glossy brown. Frond I foot long, much divided, the segments narrow. Ul-
timate rachiscs winged, and the racliis which bears them slightly winged or
comj)ressed.— 1 have received this very distinct species from no other source
but that just mentioned.

44. D. scabra, Wall. ; fronds ovate acuminate bipinnate,
pinna? ovato-lanccolate acuminate pinnatifid deeply and near-
ly to therachis, segments with 3 — 4 teeth or again pinnatifid,
sori terminal upon the teeth cu]vshaped, upper portion (form-
ed of the lobide of the frond) firm and subcoriaceous, lower
more membranaceous, sti]jes very long, and as well as the
rachis scabrous and more or less clothed with long tawny
spreading hairs especially at the base of the stipes, costa
slightly hairy. (Tab. XXVIII. B.) Wall. Cat. n. 2173.

Hall. Nepaul, Wallich. Assam, Mrs. Mack. Northern India, Mr. Edge-
u'orth. — A very handsimie and distinct species, with a long, creeping, hairy
caudex. Stipes I — U foot •" length, chestnut-coloured. Fronds scarcely a
foot long, pale stramineous green, occasionally slightly hairy.

45. D. c/tneaia, Hook. ; glabrous, fronds ample spreading
4-pinnatc, pinnides broadly rhomboid-ovate from a winged
rachis very obtuse the cuneate base tapering into a footstalk
lobato-dentate subpinnatifid, the lower lobe above the largest,
sori in the axil of the teeth or lobes solitary. (Tab. XXVIII.
C.) Sitolobium cuneatum. J. Sm. En. Fil. PJtilipp. j)' 418,
[uavic only).

Hab. Luzon, Manilla, Cuming, n. 31. — A handsome species, and well
marked by the copious, rhomboid-ovate, very obtuse pinnules, slightly
lobed and auriculate, tapering into a short petiole, and arising from a
narrow winged rachis.

46. D. Si/nihii, Hook.; fronds tripinnate ample spreading,
pinna) large lanceolate acuminate firm caudate deeply piur
natifid to the costa, segments or pinnules ovato-lanceolate
cuneate at the base toothed or dentato-pinnatifid narrower in
the fertile fronds, sori in the axils of the teeth or ultimate
segments solitary, primary and secondary rachis very straight
stout rigid and as well as the costa and veins pubescenti-

DICKSONIA.

glanduloRc. (Tab. XXVHI. D.) — Sitolobium llaccidmn, ,/.
iSui. Ell. J'il. P]iilipp. p. 418, cxcl. sijn. {name on ft/).

Hah. Luzon, ISIaiiilla, Cumimj, n. 108, 145 and 222.— This well-markca
plant agrees neither with the description nor fifjure ofjD./^acfif/a, to whicli
Mr. J. Smith refers it. It is peculiarly rigid, particularly the fertile
specimens; the rachiscs very stout and*straight ; the primary pinnre much
attenuated into a caudate point ; pinnules rigid, with dark hrown promi-
nent veins. Barren segments, or pinnules, hroadcr than the fertile ones,
and the primary pinna; less caudate.

Douhtfid Species of this Section.

47. D, obtusifolia, Willd. ; " frond pinnate, pinnce pinnati-
lid, segments ovato-oblong roundish obtuse inciso-dentatc."
Willd. Sp. PL V. p. 483. Patania obtusifolia, Pr. Ptcrid. p.
138, /. b,f. 14. — Hab. Caraccas, Bredemeyer. — Willdcnow
observes, " ab omnibus frondc bipinuatifida laciniis margine
rotundatis diversa." — This, if a distinct species, sliould per-
ha])s be placed near D. adiantoide.^, and the solitary lobe, fi-
gured by Presl, is not unlike some of the lobes of that species.

48. D. strigosa, Sw. ; " fronds bipinnate, pinnoD ensiform
i:>innate rhombeo-oblong rather acute incised, segments obo-
vate dentate, stipes and rachis ])ubescent." Sw. Syu. Fil. p.
128. Willd. Sp. PL V, p. 484. Trichomanes strigosum,
Tluinh. Jap. p. 539. — Hab. Japap, Thunherg.

(D. " (jluiinona, Wall." {according to J. Sm.). Sitolobium
glutinosum, ./. Sm. {name only). E. Indies, WallicJt. — I do
not find such a species anywhere noticed by Wallich).

49. D. Domingensis, Desv. ; " pinnae petiolate, pinnules
lanceolate acute cuneate at the base ultimate ones coadunate,
inferior ones subpetiolate subauriculated above pinnatifido-
lobate, lobes broad acute remotely serrate, fertile ones crena-
to-serrate, caudex frutescent." Desv. Fil. in M^m. Soc. Linn.
W. p. 317. — Hab. " Hispaniola."

50. D. mnliijida, Sw.; " fronds triplicato-pinnate, primary
and secondary pinna) acuminate, pinnules lanceolate obtuse
pinnatifid, segments bidcntate, veins hairy on both sides, sti-
pes and rachis pubescent." Sw. Syn. Fil. p. 137. Willd.
Sp. PL V. p. 489. Pr. Reliq. Hicnk. p. 68.— Hab. East In-
dies {Willd.) — Willdenow brings under this his " Civnopte-
ris Japonica, Phyt. p. 14, t, 8, f. 1, excl. syn.," whicli Mr.
Brown refers lo his Davallia Jiaccida., as perhaps a variety
of it, and, certainly, a species of Davallia.

51. D. millefolium, Desv.; " pinnules attenuate sub-caiulate
ultimate ones oblong deeply pinnatifid cuneate at the l>ase
auricled above, segments subtridentate obtuse uncinate,

82 CIBOTIUM.

rachis pruinoso-pubescent, that of the pinnules slightly
inargiued." Desv. I. c. p. 318. — Hab. E. Indies.

8. CiBOTiUM, Kaulf.
Pinonia, GaiuUch.

Sort at the very margin and projecting from it, pointing
downwards, always from tlic apex of a vein. Involucre sub-
globose or reniform, coriaceous or horny, 2-valved, generally
unequally so, outer valve not formed of the substance of the
frond, inner one smaller and operculiform. Receptacle a lit-
tle elevated. Capsules stipitate, with a nearly complete ring.
— Tropical or subtropical Ferns of the northern hemisphere,
inhahitincj the Sandwich Islands, the Philippines, Assam
and Mexico, arborescent in C. Chamissoi and C. Schiedei,
( perhaps in others) ; fronds hipinnate. Veins simple or once
or twice forked. Hook. Gen. Fil. tab. 25.

1. C ghmcum, H. et A. ; fronds bipinnate glabrous very
glaucous beneath, pinna> linear-oblong acuminated into a
long narrow seirated point deeply pinnatifid to the rachis
often pinnate at their base, segments oblong falcate ra-
ther acute crenato-serrate especially at the apex, involucres
coriaceous numerous 6 — 12 on each segment or on each
ultimate pinnule rather small tawny, the valves unequal, in-
nermost one narrow and elongated, veins once or twice forked,
rachis and costa quite glabrous. (Tab. XXIX. A.) — Hook,
et Am. in Bot. of Beech. Voy. p. 108, {excl. syn. Kaulf et
Gaudich.) Dicksonia glauca, Sm. in Rees' Cycl. v. vii. Hi-
atea Menz. MS. {apud nos).

Hab. Sandwich Islands, Mr. Menzies. Lay ^ Collie in Beechey's Voy.
— Discovered so long ago as 1807 by the venerable Menzies, and described
by Sir J . E. Smith in Rees' Cyclopaedia. Other species have doubtless
been confounded with it. Pinnae a span long, narrow, much attenuated,
subcoriaceous, very glaucous beneath, at the base often again pinnated,
veins once or twice forked, rarely if ever simple. I have only seen speci-
mens from Menzies and Beechey's voyage. Mr. Menzies had distinguish-
ed this and an allied species in his herbarium under the name of Hiatea,
and remarked that though now arranged (by Smith) under Dicksonia, yet
they did not agree with that genus.

2. C. yhiucescens,Kzo.; fronds bipinnate, pinna? naiTow
or linear-oblong much acuminate caudate glaucous beneath
pinnatifid nearly to the rachis, segments oblong acute ser-
rated subfalcate lower ones sometimes distinct glabrous or
slightly arachnoid, involucres solitary one on each side the
base of the segments small subcoriaceous glaucous reniform,
the valves nearly equal and both transversely oblong convex.

CIBOTIUM. 83

veins simple rarely forked. — Kunze in SchkJt. Suppl. p. 03,
/. 31 [c,(lt.) Balantium, Link, Fil. H. Berol. p. 40. " Cibo-
tium gluuco])liylluin, llort. Berol.'''' Prcsl. Cibotiuin glau-
cuni, ,/. .SV//. Kn. Fil. Philipp. iex'cl. si/n.) C. Cumingii, Kze.
I. c. p. 64, {uamc only). C. Barometz, J. Sm. Gen. Fil. As-
pidium Barometz, Ilorl. An(jl.

Hab. Philippine Ishinds, Cuminff, n. 123. — This is, in many respects,
allied to C. glaucum, but distinj^uished by its simpler veins and by the
involucres, which besides being of a different form and texture, stand sin-
gly, one (very rarely two) on each side at the base of each segment, thus,
as i>lv. J. Smith remarks, forming a long parallel line on each side the costa
and a little remote from it. They are by no means corncjous and tawny,
but rather coriaceous, approaching to membranaceous and glaucous, broad-
er than long, reniform, the two valves nearly alike in size and form ; and
the same characters exist on various specimens. Our cultivated ones from
the Birmingham Botanic Garden, which are, I believe, identical with the
C. glauccscens, Kze., are similar to Mr. Cuming's from Luzon, proba-
bly the native country of the garden ])laut, which has by some, but with-
out sufficient authority, been supposed to be the " Tartarian Lamb '' of
Loureiro.

3. C. Assamicum, Hook.; fronds bipinnate, pinnae oblong-
lanceolate very mnch attenuated caudate glaucous beneath
deejily pinnatifid almost to the rachis the lower segments re-
mote (but united) all of them linear-oblong very acute sub-
falcate serrated, involucres subcoriaceous several (4 — 6) on
each segment pale brown the valves unequal inner one nar-
rower, rachis glabrous, costa with arachnoid appressed hairs,
veins simple or rarely forked. (Tab. XXIX. B.)

Hab. Assam, Mrs. Mack. — Allied to C. glaucum and glaucescem, differing
from the former in the more simple veins and less coriaceous involucres,
and from the latter in the different form and texture and unequal valves
of the involucres.

4. C. Chainissoi, Kaulf. ; arborescent, fronds bipinnate,
pinnae lanceolate acuminate subcoriaceous not anywhere glau-
cous glabrous or beneath (especially on the rachis and costa)
clothed with more or less copious arachnoid hairs pinna-
tifid f or f down to the rachis, the segments ovate obtuse
bluntly serrate, involucres generally copious (G — 12) rather
small very horny glossy tawny the valves unequal, inner one
narrower, veins sunk (not prominent) dark-coloured simple or
forked. — A'a;/7/: Fnitm. Fil. p. 230, /. l,/'. 14, {April 1824).
Pinonia splendens, Gaud, in Ann. Sc. Ndt. Dec. 1824, and
in Freycin. Voy. p. 370, /. 21.

Hab. Oahu, Chamisso, Gaudichaud, Barclay, Macrae. — Truly distinct
from all the preceding and from the following species. It is the species on
which the genus Cibotium was founded by Kaulfuss, and Pinonia by Gau-
dichaud : with the figures and descriptions of both of which it entirely

g2

84 DEPARIA.

accords. The hail's, though sometimes copious and cobwebby, are gene-
rally deciduous.

5. C. Meiiziesii, Hook. ; fronds bipinnatc everywhere gla-
brous thick and coriaceous, ])inna) (large) oblong acuminate si-
nualo-pinuatifid, the segments or lobes not reaching half-VA'ay
to the rachis, rounded very obtuse obscurely crenate or ra-
ther entire, the sinuses rather wide bearing the fructifica-
tions at their base, involucres several on each side and at the
base of the sinus corneous opaque large, inner valve smaller
and narrower, rachis and simple or forked veins very promi-
nent and pale. (Tab. XXTX. C.)

Hab. Oahu, Menzics, Lay and Collie in Beechey's Voy. — This is assu-
redly a very distinct plant, which had been no doubt confounded with one
or other of the described Sandwich Island Cibotia. The fronds are the
thickest and most coriaceous of all the species, and the pinnsc the largest
and broadest, sinuato-pinnatilid, the sori at the base of the sinus running
partially up the segments or lobes, and the costa and veins pale and
singularly thick and prominent, while the involucres are the largest of the
genus and very horny.

6. C. Schiedei, Schlecht. et Cham. ; arborescent, fronds
bipinnate, pinnules (small) lanceolate finely acuminate pin-
natifid f of the way down with copious long fulvous hairs es-
pecially on the costa, segments ovate acute slightly falcate
somewhat glaucous beneath serrated, involucres copious small
8 — 10 on each segment coriaceous tawny transversely oblong
the valves nearly equal convex, inner one a liltle smaller, ra-
chis subarachnoid with woolly deciduous hairs, veins simple
or forked. (Tab. XXX. A.) — Cham. Sf Schlecht. in lAniKBa^
V. V. p. 616.

Hab. Hacienda de la Laguua, Mexico, Schiede and Deppc. Xalapa,
(,'alcotti, n. 6458. Guatemala, G. U. Skinner, Esq. — Schlechtendal and
Chamisso justly observe that this is a more elegant Fern than any of its
congeners. Caudex 10 — 15 feet high, (Galeotti). The pinna are small,
3 — 4 inches long, much acuminated into a narrow point, slightly glaucous
beneath and there clothed with copious long tawny hairs. It is indeed ve-
ry different from any other species ; and has the segments so small that the
involucres meet in the centre of them, and nearly cover and conceal the
whole surface.

9. Db;paria, Hook. 8f Grev.
Dicksonia, Kaiilf. Presl.
Sori marginal at, and towards, the apices of the segments,
on short teeth, pointing forwards, exserted, always from the
a]3e'x of a vein. Involucre shallow and pateriform or cup-
shaped and compressed, membranaceous, of a different tex-
ture from the fronds (not coriaceous nor herbaceous), mouth
entire. Receptacle elevated, but short and wholly included

LOXSOMA. 85

within the involucre, stipitalc, with an incomplete elastic rinf].
— Tropical Foms of the northern hemisphere, the Sandwich
Islands and Peru, ample, bipinnate. Fronds ■subcoriaceoit.s or
viemhranaceous. Veins pinnated^ veudets simple or forked.
Hook, Gen, Fil. tab. 44, B.

1. T). protifera, Hook,; fronds ample bi?-pinnate membra-
naceous glabrous, pinnie opposite elongated oblong acuminate
deeply ])innati(id nearly to the costa, the segments distant
oblong obtuse nearly entire (wlien barren), involucres on short
lirojecting teeth small jjateriform inserted on both sides tlie
segments and towards the apex, veins all simple. D. Macraei,
Hook, et Grev. Jc. Fil. t. 154. Dicksonia, Kaulf. En. Fil.
p. 2-25.

Hab. Oahu, Chamisso, Lay and Collie in Beechey's Voyage, arclay.
Owbyhee, Macrae. — Kaulfiiss, who first described tins handsome plant, ob-
serves that its rachis is proliferous, whieh is not apparent in my specimens.

2. D. Matliewsii, Hook.; fronds auiple glabrous bipinnate
coriaceo-membranaceous, jiinnaa alternate or o])positc oidy at
the base of the primary divisions oblong from a broad base
gradually acuminated deeply pinnatifid to the costa or in the
lower ones pinnato-decurrent, segments and ultimate pin-
nules approximate oblicpiely broad-ovate very obtuse or ab-
rupt the larger ones lobed and bluntly auricled at the base
above irregularly crenate, involucres from the apices of the
segments approximate cup-shaped compressed situated on
short teeth, veins approximate sim])le and forked. (Tab.
XXX. B.)

Hab. Peru, Mathews, n. 1782. — Widely different from the preceding,
yet, in my mind, confirming the validity of the genus, which I distinguish
by having a cup-shaped or pateriform membranaceons involucre, standing
forward beyond the margins of the segments upon little teeth, never direct-
ed downward or towards the underside. Its nearest affinity is with Loxso-
ma and Trichomanes. The capsules, however, are dilfeient from botli, of
the ordinary structure, but situated ou very long stalks.

10, LoxsoMA, Br.
Sori marginal, pointing forAvard, but partially sunk in the
axil of a tooth or lobe, from the apex of a vein. Inrolucres
suburceolate, coriaceous, the outer apparently formed of u
changed i)ortion of the frond, the mouth triuicated, entire,
Beceptacle columnar, elongated, much exserted beyond the
involucre, and covered, for its whole length, with clavate
shortly stipitate capsnles, mixed with jointed hairs and fur-
nished with a broad oblique complete ri)iy, o])ening on one
(the out-) side vertically, Spurnlcs triangular, with a de-
pressed triangular mark, — A Leant i/ul Fern o/New Zealand.

8(i IIYMENOI'IIYLLUM.

Caiulex crcepiii(f. Fronds sfipitnte, coriaceous, glabrous,
decompound, fj/aucoas beneath, the segments lanceolate, den-
iato-pinnatijid, secondary veins or veinlefs simple or forked.
Hook, Gi;n. Fil. tau. 15.

1. L. Cunninc/bami, Br. MS.; A. Cunn. in Bot. N. Zeal,
in Hook. Comp'.Bot. Mag. ii. /?. 3G6,^ 31,32. Davallia deal-
bata, ^. Cunn. MS. Triclioniancs ca3noptevoides, i/ary. il/.S'.

Hab. New Zealaiul, northern island, abundant, A. ^- R. Cunningham,
Mr. Colenan, Dr. Sinclair, J. D. Honker, and all travellers. — One of the
most rcniarkal'le of Ferns, especially in tlie nature of its fructifications,
and rigid fronds. Frond about a foot lonfj, tripinnate, very glaucous be-
neath. Involucres in a measure connate with the margin of the frond, and
resembling that of some coriaceous Davallire, but they form a complete
somewhat urceolate cup. The receptacle is a long exserted column as in
Trichojnanes, covered with hairs and stipitate capsules, which have the
broad oblique ring o{ Cyatheacece, and exhibit little resemblance to those
of Trichomanes.

11. IIymenophyllum, Sm.
Sori marginal, lateral or terminal, more or less sunk in the
frond, or quite exserted, and always terminating a vein or
costa. Involucres monoi)liyllous, cup-shajDed, urceolate, cu-
neate or orbicular, more or levs deeply 2-valved, sometimes to
the very base, of the same substance as the frond, or thicker
and more compact, reticulated, toothed or entire at the mar-
gin. Receptacle elongated, frequently columnar, included,
rarely exserted. Capsules sessile, or nearly so, covering the
receptacle wholly or in part, depressed, surrounded by a ge-
nerally broad, entire, almost transverse ring, bursting verti-
cally on one side. Sporules (always?) triangidar, with a deep
triangular depression. — Small, sometimes minute, Fems, in-
habiting rocks or trees or terrestrial, in the tropics and tem-
perate, rarely cold, climates. Caudex generally creeping,
filiform, slender. Fronds more or less stipitate, sometimes
sessile, of a singularly delicate, thin, inembranaceous, yet
strongly reticulated texture, resembling some Jungermannia3,
of a dark lurid green color, in drying often turning black or
brown, sometimes red-brotvn, glabrous or hairy, simple and
penninerrcd in one instance, or pinnated, or pinna tifid, and
rariously divided, generally into narrow oblong or linear ob-
tuse segments, entire or toothed at the margin, with a strong
central costa. Hook. Gen. Fil. tab. 32.

Ous. The present and fallowing genus have been strangely excluded
from the true Ferns by Prosl ; and Endlicher has constituted of them a se-
parate group, IIi/mejiophi/lle<r, chiefly founded upon the complete transverse
ring of the capsules, the very much elongated, columnar or filiform recepta-
cle, and the delicate texture of the frond : — but it will be seen by the previous

IIYMENOPIIVLLUM. 87

penus Loxsoma, that they possess the important characters of the Iructifica-
tion in a Fern of the more ordinary texture : and it seems to me that they
rank quite naturally near that fi;enus; and with respect to the frond, the
excellent Link justly remarks of these two {Genera, " Frons harum Filicum
interdum a fronde Polypodiaeearum nuUo modo differt, in generc vcro ma-
gis tenera est, ct ob cellulas majores magis reticulata apparet, ita ut ad
habitum Muscorum frondosorum magis accedant." — The genus Ilymcno-
phyllum is sometimes with difficulty distinguished fioni Trivliomancs. The
receptacle is not .always included in IJi/mcuop/ii/lliDu, nor always exsertcd
in Trichomancs. Again, in the latter genus, there is an a])])roacli to a two-
lipped involucre, and in the former it can sometimes he scarcely culled two-
valved.

* Fronds undiindccl, dichotomoits, or once pinnatijid,^ glabrous. (Sp. 1 — i).

1. H. crueiituin, Cav. ; fronds broadly lanceolate sinuato-
dcntate pennincrved, involucres at the apices of the teeth
orbicular-ovate the cuneate base sunk, the li])s free entire,
receptacle in age a little protrtided, stipes very long slender.
(Tab. XXXr. X.)—''Cav. Pncl. 1801, n. 684." Suk Si/n. Fil.
p. 145. Willd. Sp. Pi. v. p. 51G.

Hah. Chiloe, on trunks of trees, Cavanilles, Cumintf, n. 5. Woods, "\'al-
divia. Bridges, n. 794. — Fronds brown when dry in onr specimens, not
blood-colored.

2. H. marf/inaium, Hook, et Grev. ; fronds erect linear-
cuneate di-trichotomous, the segments linear obtuse subun-
dulate with a thickened margin, apex eniarginate, involucres
terminal solitary nearly orbicular, the valves convex free to
the base exserted entire with a thickened colored mjlrgin.
Hook, et Grev. Ic. Fil. t. 34.

Hab. Among mosses. Port Jackson, New Holland, Eraser, Bynoe. — A
small and very distinct species. Fronds 1 — \\ inch long, 2 — 3 lines wide,
resembling some frondosc Jungermannia. Stipes 2 — 4 lines long, hairy at
the base, arising from a slender creeping caudex.

3. H. asplenioidesy Sw. ; fronds pendulous oblong-lanceo-
late pinnatifid rather more than half-way down, the segments
entire or bifid oblong obtuse, involucres terminal on the seg-
ments orbicular-ovate entire, the short cuneate base sunk the
rest free 2-valved, receptacle always included. — Sic. Syn. Fit.
p. 145. L<im. Illustr. i. 8,/. 1. Willd. Sp. PL v. p. 510.
Hedw. Fil. cum Ic. — /3. fronds broader, segments subpalmate.
H. palmatum, Klolzuclt, in Herb, lieg . Berol.et in Herb. Hook.

Hab. Trunks of trees, Jamaica, Sivarlz, Bancroft. — ^. Brazil, Scllow. —
Stipes 1 — 3 inches long: fronds nearly equal in length, sometimes simply

^ Il.asplrnioidcs has the segments of the fronds oecasioually again divid-
ed. //. rarinn, Br., on the other hand, which is somelimes simply pinnat-
ifid, and at other times pinnate and then pinnatifid, will be found among
the compound species.

88 HYMENOPHYLLUM.

j)iiii]:itifi(l, sometimes almost so much divided as to justify its being placed
iu the next division.

4. II. abrupt um, Ilook.; small, frond broadly oblong trun-
cated at the apex deeply pinnatifid, the segments spreading
linear-oblong entire retuse rarely bifid, involucres terminal
orbicular-cuneate almost wholly immersed, the semiorbicu-
lar valves short entire, receptacle protruded in age, stipes not
winged. (Tab. XXXI. B.)

H:il). Jamaica, Mmzies, Purdie. — I do not find this anywhere described.
C'audcx creeping, liliform. Stipes slender, half an inch long. Fronds \\
inch long by I inch or less broad, very delicate, thin and membranaceous,
deeply i)innatifid, almost to the rachis ; segments mostly entire, the upper
ones coming to a nearly level top. Involucres almost wholly sunk, cune-
ate ; the short lips forming a half-circle, receptacles much protruded, espe-
cially in age.

** Fronds compound, pinnate, or (nice or more pinnatifid, hairi/ or cili-
aled,^ entire or rarely indistinctly denticulate. (Sp. 5 — 28^.

f Fronds pinnatifidly didded. (Sp. 5 — 16^.

5. H. hirsutum, Sw. ; pendidous, clothed with tawny
stellated hairs, fronds linear-oblong more or less elongated
pinnatifid, the primary segments short (simple when young)
])innatifid and subflabellate, the segments linear-oblong ob-
tuse mostly pointing upwards and subunilateral, involucres
nearly orbicular hairy, the subcuneate base sunk in the frond.
—Stv. FL Iiid. Occ. lii. p. 1746. Syii. Fit. p. 146. Willd. Sp.
PL V. p. 517. Ratldi, Fil. Bras. t'. 19, f. 3. Hedw. Fll. cum
Ic. Hook, el G)-ev. Ic. Fil. t. 84, (young plants). H. venus-
tum, Desv. Trichomanes hirsutum, Linn. Sp. PL p. 1561.

Hab. Jamaica, Su'artz, Menzies, MacFadyen, Purdie. Trinidad, Lock-
htirt, C. S. Parker. Organ Mountains, Gardner, n. 214. Huanuco, Hanke.
— Stipes generally short, not winged, hairy above. The specimens figured
in Hook, et Grev. Ic. Fil. are only young ones, with simply pinnated fronds.
I led wig's plate is very characteristic, as is that of Raddi; for the mature
Ironds are often a span and more long, flexible, pendulous, the primary seg-
ments deeply divided in a fan-shaped manner. Habit resembling that of
the pinnated division, but the fronds are throughout pinnatifid, the wing of
the main rachis being as broad as that of the costa iu this division.

6. II. ciliatum, Sw. ; fronds oblong-ovate or ovate acumi-
nated bi-tripinnatifid, segments linear obtuse, the margins
(chiefly) and the costa with branched hairs, involucres rather
broader than the segments free suborbicular obliquely cor-
date at the base, hairy at the margin of the valves, stipes
winged above. — Stv. FL Ind. Occ. iii. p. 1753. Syn. FiL p.

§ //. Oryancnsc is very indistinctly ciliated, and slightly denticulate, as
are two or three others.

HYMKNOniYLLUM. 89

147. Hedw. Fil. cum Ic. JVilld. Sp. PL />. 519. Hook, et
Grev. Ic. Fil. t. 35.

Hal). W. Indies, Swartz, ^-c. Brazil, nurchdl, Selloiv, Gardner, n. 213
and 5iHi8. Surinam, Ilostmann, n. 1232. Mexico, Ruiz and Pavon, in
Herb, nostr. — Stipes very variable in lengtli, when short, winged almost to
the base. Frond 2 — (> inches long, varying in diameter. Involucres
broader than the segments, rounded but cordate at the base and generally
oblique there, one lobe being larger than the other, a character not distinct-
ly represented in our Ic. Fil., nor even by Hcdwig, but which yet appears
to me very constant.

7. H. Plumieri, Hook, ct Grev.; frond broadly lanceolate
l)i])innatifid, costa and margins with stellated ferruginous
hairs, primary divisions ovate acuminate pinnatitid half-way
down, the segments oblong forked or trifid, involucres subor-
bicular cuneate the base sunk, the valves free ciliated, sti])es
with a broad decurrent wing. Hook, et Grev. Ic. Fil. t. 123.
Filicula digitata, &c., Pluu/ier, Fil. p. 73, t. 50, B.

rial). Hispaniola, Plumier. Pichincha, Columbia, Jameson. — A robust
handsome plant, with compact broad primary divisions, less deeply cut than
most of the bipinnalilid species. Fructifications numerous, terminating ma-
ny of the segments and forming an interrupted line round the margin. To
this rather than to //. ciliatum (surely not to //. hirsutum, as VVilldenow
quotes it) I think Plumier's figure should be referred : — though it must
be confessed the two species are very nearly allied.

8. H. irichophylluin, H. 13. K. ; " fronds bipinnate ferru-
gineo-hirsute, secondary pinnae dichotorao-pinnatifid, the
segments linear nearly entire, rachis hairy terete naked, sori
terminal, valves of the involucre semiorbicular hairy." H. B.
K. Nov. Geit. Am. i. p. 22.

Hab. Mountains of Cumana, Humboldt and Bonpland. — Tlie authoi-s
speak of this as a very elegant sjiecics, nearly allied to H. ciliatum ; but
they observe " frondes pedales ? bipinnatae (aut plus compositae ?).'' It
might be inferred from the word " bipinnate,'' used by the authors, this plant
should be referred to another division ; but the temi is frequently employed
by them to express such species as I consider bipinnatiGd, that is, they meau
bipinnate with the rachis winged.

9. H. Boryanum^ Willd. ; hairy especially beneath at the
margins with branched hairs, frond ovato-oblong scarcely
acuminated bi-tripinnatifid, the segments linear obtuse, invo-
lucres suborbicular cuneate at the base and there sunk in the
frond, the valves ciliated, stipes short winged above. (T-vb.
XXXI. C.) — Willd. Sp. PI. V. p. 518. Wall. Cat. n. 167.
Sieb. Syn. Fil.n. 139. H. hirsutum, Boryin Willd. [not Sw.)

Hab. Mauritius and Bourbon, Bory, Bojer, Cannichael, Telfair, Wal-
lich. — Fronds small, seldom more than 3 — 4 inches long, very hairy be-
neath, much less so above, the primary segments close with blunt apices.
Nearly allied to II. ciliatum, but the involucres are very dilVereut, never
cordate at the base, but cuneate and partially sunk in the frond.

90 HYMENOPHYLLUM.

10. H. hirtellnm, Sw. ; small hairy (especially on the
costa) and margin) with fulvous branched hairs, frond ovate
oblong slightly acuminate thin membranous but elastic tri-
pinnatilid, the segments narrow linear slightly attenuated ob-
tuse closely i)laced, involucres ovalo-orbicular slightly and
oblifpuly cuneate at the base ])artially sunk in the frond and
a little broader than the segments, the valves ciliated, stipes
very slightly winged above hairy to the base. (Tab. XXXI.
D.)—Sic. Sijn. I'd. p. 149. Wllld. Sp. PL v. 519.

Hah. Jamaica, Swart::. Wet banks, Fox's pass, St. George's, Purdie. —
Allied to //. ciliatum; but I think quite distinct, in the smaller more com-
pact and generally ovate fronds, the slightly winged and hairy stipes, the
dirtVrcnlly shaped involucres and the striking elasticity of the frond, in
which latter respect it resembles the //. elasticiim of Mauritius.

11.11. CJiiloense, Hook.; small tufted, frond lanceolate sub-
bipinnatifid with simple hairs or rarely branched at the base
on the margin and under surface, glabrous above, segments
broad linear obtuse, involucres axillary free ovate toothed
obovato-cuneate, valves semiorbicular deeply ciliated at the
margin slightly hispid at the base beneath, stipes not winged
glabrous. (Tab. XXXII. A.).

Hah. Chiloe, Cuming, n. 8 and 12. Valdivia, on trunks of trees in woods,
Bridges, n. 797. — A small densely tufted species, with rigid costa, broad
segments, and the involucres always axillary. The hairs are rigid and ap-
pear seated on a minute dark tubercle.

12. II. Orgnnense, Hook. ; frond tall ample ovato-acumi-
nate tripinnatifid, primary divisions broad-lanceolate acumi-
nated, the segments linear simple or bifid obtuse toothed and
as well as the costa obscurely ciliated, involucres at the api-
ces of the frond or of the lower primary divisions copious nar-
row ovate free 2-valved to the base the valves convex dentate
and obscurely ciliated, stipes not winged slightly hairy. (Tab.
XXXII. B.)

Hah. Moist shady rocks, Organ mountains, Brazil, Gardner, n. 210. —
A highly beautiful and very distinct species. Stipes 6 — 8 inches long; frond
8—10 inches.

13. II. vdhnluvi, Hook, et Grev. ; fronds oblong-ovale
acuminate tri])innatifid, segments broadly linear rather acute
simple or forked undulate slightly margined indistinctly cili-
ated, rachis and costa piloso-hispid, involucres copious upon
the upper segments ovate free convex ciliated or naked, stipes
not winged. — Hook, et Grev. Ic. Fil. <. 219.

Hab. Columbia; trunks of trees, forests of Esmeraldas, at an elevation
of 3—4000 feet; and on the descent from Mollituro to Naransal, eleva-
tion of ()000 feet, Jamemn, Cnl. //«//.— Stipes 2 — 1 inches, black, destitute
of wing. Frond 4 — 7 inches long. Fructifications large, conspicuous, con-

HYMENOPHYLLUM. 01

fined to the upper portion of the frond : the segments which hear them con-
tracted and in some degree changed, marginal hairs deciduous.

14. H. IJei/ricIiiamnn, Kzc. ; " fronds curved lri])innatirid
decurrent into the sti])es hairy beneath glabrous above, ])ri-
inary segments ovato-huiceolate curved, secondary oblong,
their segments linear obtuse toothed setoso-ciliatc, sori ter-
minal, involucres ovate eroso-dentate." Kze. in PL Crypl.
Poepp.p. 108.

Ilah. Trunks of trees, Peru, Poeppif/. " Also found in Sierra d'Estrella
by Bci/ridi. — Allied iu habit to //. claslicinii, differing in the unwinged ra-
chis ; and to II. fumarioidcs, \\\uch has, however, entire margins to the
frond, glahrous and the receptacle retuse."

Dubious Species of this Section.

15. n. inicrocarpum, Desv. ; " fronds tripinnatifid dilated
at the base elongated at the apex puberulous, pinnae subim-
bricated and pinnules deciurent, the latter 2 — 4-partite, the
segments linear obtuse toothed setigcrous at the margin, sori
glabrous minute, rachis and stipes with a winged margin."
J)esr. in Mem. Soc. Linn. iv. p. 333. Ilispaniola [Dcufan.v).
" Stipes 1 inch and more long. Fronds 6 inches ; pinnte I
inch."

16. H. capillare, Desv. ; " fronds subtripinnatifid, lower
])innae remote few, pinnules hairy on both sides subpalmato-
pinnatifid, the segments toothed obtuse subcontiguous, rachis
sinuose naked capillary and hairy." Desv. I. c. p. 333. Tri-
chomanes hirsutum, l)u Pet. TJiouars, Ft. Tr. (VAcunJut, p.
34, [excl. syn.) — Tiistan d'Acunha, Tliouars. — "Near Tri-
chonianes trichopJnjlluni^'' but the laciniai broader, more de-
current at the base, according to Desvaux.

W Fronds primanly^esjH'ciall}/ hcloiv, pinnaledly divided. ( Sp. 17 — 28^.

17. H.elegans, Spr.; pendulous linear elongated pinnated,
pinnae decurrent ovato-cuneate deeply pinnated witli 3 — 5
somewhat flabellate segments which are linear-oblong obtuse
rather distantly ciliated with long slender forked or stellated
hairs, costic glabrous, involucres nearly orbicular cuncate at
the base which is sunk in the frond, valves ciliated with long
hairs. — Spreng. Sifst. Veg. iv. p. 133. II. bifidum. Hook, et
Grev. Ic. Fil. t. 196.

Hah. Brazil, ScUow. Surucucho, Columbia, at 5000 feet of elevation,
Jameson. San Carlos, Peru, Motheu-s, n. 1786. — I possess specimens from
the above localities, which retain all their characters.

18. H. pulcJu'lluni, Schlecht.; fronds pendulous elongated
pinnated, pinna) remote ]ietiolate subrhombeo-ovale acumi-
nated bipinnatilid everywhere clothed with tawny stellated

92 HYMENOPHYLLUM.

hairs, segments linear-oblong obtuse, involucres semiorbicu-
lar cuneate at the base much sunk in the frond and covered
with co]nous long hairs. (Tab. XXXIII. A.) — Schlecht. in
Lhut(ca, V. ]i. 618, [funall and barren).

Hal). Mexico, Schiedc, in Herb. Reg. Berol et in Herb. Hook. Pillz-
hum, Columbia, on trunks of trees, at an elevation of 13,000 ieei, Jameson.
Jamaica, MacFadyen. — A very distinct species. Our Jamaica and Colum-
bia specimens are much longer (sometimes a foot long) than the original
ones of Schiede from Mexico ; but these latter are barren and otherwise
imperfect, scarcely 4 inches long in the fronds, with the pinnce approximate
and the segments closely placed. The former have the pinnae distant,
longer, especially the sterile ones, more deeply divided, with more spread-
ing segments, and these only bear fructifications.

19. H. sericeiim, Svv. ; everywhere ferrugineo-sericeous,
fronds pendulous much elongated narrow oblong truncated at
the apex especially the younger ones, pinna3 lanceolate ap-
])roximate obtuse cuneate at the base (much attenuated in
the fertile ones) laciniato-pinnatifid but not deeply so, veins
forked close parallel lamcllated, involucres small on the api-
ces of the ultimate segments orbicular sunk very hairy. — Sw;
Prodr. p. 136. Willd. Sp. PL v. p. 517. Hedw. Fil. cum Ic.

— H. tomentosnm, Kze. PI. Crypt. Poepp. p. 107. H. plii-
mosum, Kaiilf. — Trichomanes pendulum serici villosi, instar
molle, Plum. Fil. p. 56, t. 73.

Hab. jNIartinique, Plumier. Jamaica, Swartz, 4'c. Peru, Poeppig, Ma-
theivs, n. lODO, 206 and 1792. Columbia, Hartweg, n. 1506, Jamaica.
Guatemala, //rtr/we^, n. 862. Brazil, Sellow, Gar(hiet;n. 215, Burchell.

— Perhaps the most splendid species of the genus, of great length, l^ foot
to 2 feet long, pendent, soft and flexible, 3 — 4 inches broad, set with close-
ly placed pinnae for almost the whole length, and these are black and more
or less decayed below, but towards the apex bright-colored and perfect and
clothed with rusty copious hairs. The ample fronds cover the faces of
rocks, according to Mr. Gardner, as with a curtain. The curious lamellas
of the veins have, so far as I know, been entirely overlooked by authors.
The stipes is short, filiform.

20. H. interriiptum, Kze.; fronds elongated pinnate, above
pinnatifid, primary divisions and segments ovato-lanceolate
cuneate at the base pinnatifid about half-way down the seg-
ments entire or bifid obtuse, margin and costae with rufous
stellated rather distant hairs, lamellae none, involucres sub-
orbicular cuneate at the base almost wholly sunk in the api-
ces of the segments with blunt rounded valves very hairy.
(Tab. XXXIll. B.) Kze. in PI. Crypt. Poepp. p. 107.

Hab. Woods, Pampayaco, pendulous from the trees, Poeppig. Descent
from Mollituro to Naiansal, Jameson ; 6000-0000 feet. — Stipes very
short. Fronds 1 — 1^ foot long, pinnate below, the rest pinnatifid. Habit
similar to that oi Il.scriceum, but less hairy, not at all silky, pinnatifid for
a great part of the length, and the veins not at all lamcllated.

IIYMIiNOPIIYLLUM. V6

21. H. pyramidatnm, Dcsv. ; " frond pinnate piloso-subto-
mcntosc on both sirlcs, pinnne elongate acute cuneate at the
base subadnate vepando-dentate obi^curcly denticulate, rachis
winged, stipes terete subglabrous winged above." JJesv. in
AUm. Soc. Linn. ParAl p. 332.

Hah. " Wiirni parts of America," Desvaux. " Frond about 1 foot long."
— Probably a variety of //. seriveum.

22. li.elasticum, Bory; fronds ovate acuminated thin and
membranaceous but rather rigid and higlily clastic bi-tri])in-
natifid above below pinnate, pinna; bijiinnatifid, the segments
narrow-linear obtuse ciliated as well as the costa, involucres
very small semiorbicular, the base cuneate and sunk, valves
short ciliated, stipes not winged more or less haiiy. — Willd.
Sp. PL V. p. 520. Sieb. Syn. Fil. n. 78. Hook, et Grev. Ic.
Fil. p. 135.

Hab. Mauritius and Bourbon, Borif, Bojer, Steher. — This species well
deserves its specific name ; for when dry, at least, the sides become recurv-
ed, and it is hardly possible to keep the specimens flat except by pressure.
Sori very small and the valves of the involucre peculiarly short.

23. H. Berteroi, Hook.; fronds oblong ovate or lanceolate
moderately attenuated clothed with tawny silky stellated hairs
pinnated below bi-tripinnatifid above, pinnae and primary di-
visions approximate ovato-lanceolate obtuse or acuminated
more or less deeply pinnatifid, the segments broadly linear
obtuse, veins not lamellate, involucres very small suborbicu-
lar sunk very hairy, stipes elongated hairy terete not winged.
(Tab. XXXIII. C.)

Hab. Mountains of Juan Fernandez, Bertero, n. 1540. Chiloe, Cuming,
n. 11. — Stipes 3 — 5 inches long. Fronds 4 — 6 inches, in general aspect
approaching II. scriccum, but acuminated, smaller, veins not lamellate,
involucres much smaller and shorter. One of my specimens is so deeply
divided as to resemble //. elasticum, but the lower portion of the frond is
clearly pinnated, and the surface, as well as the costae and margin, covered
with copious tawny stellated hairs.

24. H. obtusiim, Hook, et Arn. ; small, fronds caespitose
broadly oblong very obtuse trijiinnatifid pinnated below, pin-
na) or primary divisions approximate cuneate pinnatifid and
subflabelliform, segments narrow linear, margins and costa
clothed with long branched hairs appressed to the frond, in-
volucres on the ultimate segments equal in breadth to them
nearly orbicular, their base broadly cuneate sunk, the valves
much ciliated. (Tab. XXXHI. D.)

Hab. Oahu, Lai/ S,- Collie, in Bcechey's Voyage. — Stipes very slender,
short, not winged, hairy. Plant small and tufted. Fronds *2 inches long
glossy 5 ultimate segments as it were corymbose, so as to form a blunt and
broad extremity. Hairs copious, confined to the costa and margin, many

94 HYMENOPHYLLUM.

lying flat over the surface of the froml. Some of the fronds, it may be ob-
served, are wholly pinnatifid, others pinnate below.

25. II. ccntyivosum, Carm.; clothed with branched tawny
hairs, fronds oblong or ovato-aciuninate tripinnatifid pinnate
below, jiinnai or jn'imary divisions ovate acuminate subcu-
ncatc, the segments close compact often almost imbricated
linear obtuse, involucres smaller than the segments semior-
bicular the base cuneatc sunk, valves very hairy, stipes not
winged. (Tab. XXXIV. A.) — Carm. in Linn. Tr. xii. p-5>7^.
Trichomanes a^ruginosum, Thoiiar/i. — Poiret, Encycl. viii. p.
7(5. — &. Franklin ianiun; primary divisions and pinnae more
distant and rather more acuminate. H. Franklinianum, Co-
lensoin Tasm. Phil. Journ.

Hab. On rocks, Tristan d'Acunha, Thouars, Bory, Carmichael — ^. New
Zealand, Dusky Bay, Mcnzies. Pendulous on the trunks of trees, Waika-
re, northern island, W. Colenso, Esq. n. 272. — Stipes hairy, shorter than
the frond, which is 4 — 5 inches lonji:. In the color of the dried specimens
there is nothinj^j to justify the specific name. The species resembles small
specimens of H. ciliatum; but the lower portion of the frond is clearly pin-
nated, and the involucres are different.

26. H. lanceolatum, Hook, et Arn. ; fronds lanceolate pin-
nated, pinme ovato-lanceolate bipinnatifid distant, the seg-
ments narrow-linear obtuse erecto-patent, the margins hairy,
hairs erect simple or branched, rachis winged above, involu-
cres terminal on lateral segments orbicidar almost free cili-
ated with long hairs, stipes not winged hairy. (Tab. XXXIV.
B.) Hook, et Arn. Bot. of Beech. Voy. p. 109.

Hab. Oahu, Sandwich Islands, Lay S)- Collie, Douglas, Diell. — A rather
small, apparently pendent, species, becoming of a dark chestnut brown
when dry, with lanceolate fronds 3 — 4 inches long, erecto-patent, divisions
and segments, which are rather distant, fringed with appressed hairs. In-
volucres scarcely at all sunk, ciliated with long hairs.

27. H. Lindeni, Hook. ; large, downy and ciliated (but not
densely) with scattered stellated hairs, fronds broadly ovate
acuminate bi-tripinnatifid pinnate below, the pinnae or pri-
mary divisions lanceolate much acuminated, segments linear
obtuse, involucres smaller than the segments semiorbicular
the base slightly cuneated and sunk, the margin ciliated with
rather long hairs, stipes stout long very hairy especially
above, not winged. (Tab. XXXIV. C.)

Hab. Caraccas, Linden, n. 173. — A large species. Stipes 6—8 inches
long ; frond nearly the same, or longer, broadly ovate. The greater size
and pinnated fronds and long stipes well distinguish this from H. ciliatum ;
iuld to which the fronds are hairy all over, though not densely ; and the in-
volucres arc much smaller, not cordate at the base, but rather cuneate and
partially sunk in the frond.

HYMENOPHYLLUM. 96

Dubious Species of this Section.

28. H. Arbuscula, Uesv. ; " fronds oblong i)innalc some-
what hairy, pinna) dccurrcnt ol)long ratlier obtuse remote
l)innatifid, the segments very obtuse; ciliated stellate, rachis
and stipes hairy marginately winged." Desv. I. c. p. 332. —
Hab. Mauritius. — " Stipes 2 inches long; frond of the same
length." Desv.

*** Fronds decompound, the mari/ins toothed or serrated, not hairy

nor ciliated. (Sp. 29 — t?;.

f Fronds pinnated especially below. (Sp. 29 — 36).

29. H. Tu)ihri(hj(nifie, Sm.: procumbent densely matted,
fronds small rather tender ]jinnated, pinna) distichous sub-
vertical ])innatifid, segments linear simple or bifid and as
well as the supraaxillary solitary subcompressed involucres
spinuloso-serrate the valves semiorbicular, the very short cu-
neate base sunk, rachis winged above. Sm. Fl.Brit.p. 1141.
E. Bot. t. 162. Schkiihr, Crypt, t. 135, d. Sw. Syn. Fil. p.
147. Willd. Sp. PL V. p. 520. H. minimum, Rich. Fl. Nov,
Zeal. p. 91, t. 14,/. 2. A. Cunn. Fl. Nov. Zeal, in Comp. to
Bot. Mag. ii. p. 369. H. revolutum, Colenso in Tasni. Phil.
Joiirn. H. asperulum, Kze. PI. Crypt. Poepp. p. 109. H.
Thunbergii, Eckl. in Schied. PI. E.vsic. Cap. Un. It. n. 92.
"Il.unilaterale? Willd.'" ( according to a specimen from Mar-
tins^ it is this species J. — fi. frond elongated, pinnae more dis-
tant and more rigid. H. cupressiforme, Lab. Nov. Holl. p.
102, t. 'i'jQ,/. 2. Willd. Sp. PI. v. j). 522. H. Tunbridgense,
Br. Prodr.

Hah. Europe, northern or alpine or suhalpine districts. Azores, Gtith-
nic. Madeira. Cape of Good Hope. Mauritius, Carmichael. Chili,
lieechey ^c. \»\(!iW\a., Bridges n. 798, Poeppiy, D'Urvillc. Brazil, -/»/ar-
tius. — i3. Tasmania, New Zealand, Cape of Good Hope. Orphan Mountains,
Brazil, Gardner, n. 212. — Mr. Brown rightly determines the //. cupressi-
forme of Lahillardiere to he our H. Tunbrid(/mse, or hut a trifling variety.
The species indeed seems to be an inhabitant of various parts of the
globe, in the old and new world, in the northern and southern hemi-
sphere. In the Organ-mountain specimens, and in some, but not all, from
Tasmania, the involucres are nearly entire, and scarcely distinguishable
from those of H. Wilsoni. Poeppig refers our H. T^inbridgense from Chili
to his new species, //. asperulum, but his asperulum quite accords with the
European Tunbridgense.

30. H. Wilsoni, Hook. ; fronds rigid pinnate, pinngc re-
curved subunilateral wedge-shaped in circumscription pin-
natifid, the segments linear undivided or bifid spinuloso-
serrate, involucres supraaxillary substipitate solitary ovate
inflated entire the rachis generally free to the base. Hook,
in Brit. Flor. Wils. in E. Bot. Snppl. t. 2686, ic.vcellent).

96 HYMENOPHYLLUlvr.

II. unilateiale, JVilld. Sp. PL v. ;?. 521 {according to descrip-
iio/i, but not according to a specimen from Martins). H.
Tunbriclgcnsc, /3. Kze. in Arot. Afr. Anslr. p. 7. H. pelta-
tinn, Desv. I. c. p. 33. Triclioiuanes peltatum, Poiret, in
Encycl. Bot. viii. n. 521, an H. dentatura, Cav.'^ — &. valves
of tiie involucres combined below. — y. segments narrower,
involucres smaller.

Hab. Mountains and wet rocks, Enp;lancl, Scotland and Ireland. Cape
of Good Hope, Bourlton, &c. — i3. Cbiloe, Cuming^ n. 16. — y. Chiloe, Cu-
ming, 11. 19 mid 17. Valdivia, Bridf^es, n. 708. Tasmania, Gunn. Cape
Horn, Hcnnite Island, J. D. Hooker. — The differences between this and H.
Tunbridgense are detailed with fijreat precision by Mr. Wilson in the 'Sup-
plement to English Botany ' above quoted : but great though they are in
the respective forms of our own country, it often becomes difficult accu-
rately to distinguish the exotic ones : and it is singular that in almost
every country where one species is found, the other is found also.

31. H. Peruvian um, Hook, et Grev. ; fronds oblong-lan-
ceolate pinnate, pinnae pinnatifid, the segments broadly linear
obtuse spinuloso-serrate, the lowermost forked, involucres
supra- axillary obovate semivalvate sessile situated at the in-
ner bases of nearly all the pinnae spinuloso-serrate at the
apex, rachis winged above. Hook, et Grev. Ic. Fil. t. 208.

Hab. Trunks of trees. Province of Esmeraldas, elevation of 5000 feet,
Jameson.

32. H. pectinatum, Cav. ; fronds linear-lanceolate elon-
gated pinnate, pinnae curving upwards pinnatifid only on the
upper side, hence the segments are all secund, erect, the
segments linear obtuse toothed chiefly towards the apex, in-
volucres occupying the apices of all the segments of the su-
perior pinnae ovate entire at the apex 2-valved to the base
broader than the segments, rachis winged above, stipes terete
smooth. (Tab. XXXIV. D.)— Cav. Pr^El. 1801, n. 687. Sw.
Syn. Fil. p. 146. JVilld. Sp. PL v. p. 425.

Hab. San Carlos de Chiloe, Cavanilles Chiloe, Cuming, n. .3 and 18.
Woods, Valdivia, Bridges. Chronos Archipelago, Darwin. — A very distinct
and beautiful species, apparently peculiar to the more southern regions of
Western South America. The character of the toothing of the segments,
which is very conspicuous in the sterile portions, appears to have been over-
looked by authors ; the fertile ones are nearly entire.

33. H. Jamesoni, Hook.; thin and membranaceous very
flaccid pendent, fronds linear-oblong elongate attenuated
])innate, pinna; remote ovate pinnatifid, the segments linear
obtuse dentato-serrate, rachis flexuose winged above and as
well as the costae beneath crested with soft membranaceous
spines, involucres solitary axillary sessile broadly obovate
compressed spinoso-serrate 2-valved almost to the base, sti-
pes short slender capillary glabrous. (Tab. XXXV. A.)

IIYMKNOJ'IIVI.LUM. t>7

Hab. Andes of Colombia, itbuve Quito, Prof. W. Jameson, n. I0<). — An
elegant, graceful and very distinct sj)eeies, which deservedly bears the name
of an able and most industrious uaiuralist. Caiidex creeping, very slen-
der, rooting, capillary as well as the stipes, which is about 2 inches long.
Frond often a span and more long, an inch wide in ihe broadest part, very
delicate, thin and nienilnanaceous; the raehis and eosta beneath singuliirly
beset with long, conspicuous, soft, spine-like processes. Whole frond of a
greenish colour when dry.

34. H. Smil/iii, Hook.; erect, fronds oblong acuminate nar-
row at the base ])innate (dark brown), pinna; bi})innatifi(l lan-
ceolate acuminate, segments linear flaccid spinuloso-dentatc
rather obtuse, involucres sessile axillary oblong ovate almost
lanceolate rather acute entire 2-valved only half-way down,
rece])iacle exserted in age, raehis often cvinite winged above
very slightly so towards the base, stipes elongated terete gla-
brous. (Tab. XXXV. B.) — H. bivalve, Sm. Lu. Fil. Ins.
Philipp. in Hook. Lond. Jourii. Bot. ii. p. 418, [tiol Hwartz).
Hab. Philippine Islands, Cuming, n. 221 and 2(34. — This is not the //.
(Trichomams) bivalve o{ Forster in the Banksian herbarium ; tlic involucres
and other characters being widely different. From //. mullifidum it
equally differs in form and size, in the more delicate texture and acute in-
volucres. Its nearest ally is perliaps Il.fucoides, but the involucies are very
dissimilar. Stipes 3 — 4 inches long; fronds 4 — 6 inches or more. In Cum-
ing's ra. 264 the segments are rather broader and the involucres larger than
in n. 221 ; but there appeals no other maik of distinction.

35. H. Bridijesii, Hook.; erect, fronds broadly ovate acu-
minate bi]>innate, pinnules subdeltoid pinnatitiJ, the segments
narrow-linear obtuse rather rigid somewhat crisped when dry
spreading dentato-serrate, involucres axillary or supraaxillary
sessile copious roundish-obovate entire or obscurely toothed
2-valved about two-thirds of the way down, the valves convex,
raehis and very elongated stipes hispid, the raehis only slight-
ly winged towards the apex. (Tab. XXXV. C.)

Hab. Valdivia, on trunks of trees, Bridjes, n. 7!)5 and 796. Chiloe, Cii-
mini/, n. 9. — One of the most distinct of all the species, being truly bipin-
nate with very narrow patent segments and copious fructifications. Stipes
long (nearly a span), black, setose, especially above as well as the raehis.
Frond 3 — C) inches high, broad at the base, almost deltoid. It can scarcely
be the //. dcntatum of Cavanilles : or, if it be, the description is very
incorrect.

Dubious Species of this Section.

36. H. dentatum, Ciiv.; "caudex creeping, fronds tripin-
nate, pinnules alternate capillary, clusters of cajjsules strobi-
liform." " Cm: PneL'' 1801, n. 687. Sw. Si/n. Fil. p. 4()iJ.
IVi/ld. Sp. PI. V. p. 525.

Hab. San Carlos, Chiloe, Cavanilles. — Can this be the same with //.
liridgcsii above described i' or may it not be a var. of H. Wilsoni ? IJy
the term slrol)iliform capsules is probably merely meant their dense arrange-
ment on the elongated rtccplaele conuuon to almost all tin species.

u

98 HYMKNOPHYLT-UlSr.

ff Fronds pinnatifidly divided.

87. U. multifiduni, Sw. ; erect, fronds broadly ovate tri-
pinnatifid, the segments linear narrow rigid obtuse spinulo-
so-dentate, involucres sessile supraaxillary obovate obtuse
scarcely balf bivalved, the lips entire or serrated, receptacles
more or less exserted in age, rachis scarcely winged very low
down, stipes elongated terete not winged. Su\ Sijn. Fil. p.
149 and 378. Schkh. Fil. t. 13.5, b. Hook, et Grev. Ic. Fil.
1. 1 G7. Trichomanes niultifidum, Forst. . T. macilentum,
Jlerh. Banks. — /3. smaller, the fronds curved downwards.

Hal). New Zealaud, in woods on the ground, Forsier, Colenso, J. D.
Hooker, Sinclair.—^. Faces of rocks, New Zealand, C'o/enso.— Stipes 3—4
inches long: fronds 2—3 inches; in j3. scarcely an inch long.

38. H. bivalre, Sw.; fronds erect broadly ovate tripinnati-
fid, the segments linear rather rigid spinixloso-dentate obtuse,
involucres terminal broadly ovate entire 2-valved to the cu-
neate base which is sunk in the frond, receptacles always in-
cluded, the rachis but slightly winged below, stipes terete
without wing glabrous. (Tab. XXXV. D.) Sw. St/n. Fil. p.
140 and 37-2. Schkh. Fil. i. 135 {sterile). Willd. Sp. PL v.
p. 523. Trichotnanes bivalve, Forst. Hymenophyllum spathu-
latum, Colenso in Tasm. Phil.Jonrn. Trichomanes Pacificum,
*' Hedic. Fil. sine Ic.'" {my copy wants also the description).

Ilab. New Zealand, Forsier, Colenso. — This is the true //. bivalve of
Forster, a very little understood plant, though the general character of the
frond is well represented in Schkuhr : hut his figure is destitute of fructi-
fications, in the situation and form of which the main characters are to he
looked for. Its nearest affinity is with II. multifidnm.

39. W.dichoiomam, Cav.; erect, fronds ovate or ovato-lan-
ceolate bipinnatifid, the segments broadly linear bi-trifid very
thin and membranaceous much waved sharply toothed and
plaited, involucres small from the apices of the lower segments
oval or suborbicular entire 2-valved half-way down, stipes
and rachis with a crisped and undulated membrane above,
and as well as the costa, beset with numerous soft membra-
naceous spines. (Tab. XXXVI. A.) Cav. Pral.n. C88. Sw.
Stpi. Fil. p. 140. JVilld. Sp. PL v. p. 524. Blame, Fil.
Jar. p. 222 .? H. plicatum, Kaalf. En. Fil. p. 208.

Hah. Chiloe, Cavanilles, Cu))iin<j,n. ]0. Juan Fernandez, iJeWero, n.
1543. High mountains of Java and the Moluccas, Bluine. — A very ele-
gant species. Caudex creei)ing, 2 feet long. Fronds 5 — (5 inches, a little
longer than the stipes, very delicate and membranaceous. The almost lon-
gitudinal plica; of the segments, together with the soft spines or scale-like
processes on the stipes, vadiis and costa, aff'ord heautiful characters. It
may also he observed that the involucres, even when they appear to contain
mature capsules, remain long closed at the mouth : at length they burst
into 2 lips or valves halfway down. I have quoted the //. dichotomum of

HYMENOPllYLLUM. 9f)

IJIiiiiic with .1 doubt, tliiukiiig it likclv to lie di/reiciit Troin the Cliiloaii
l)laiit (or lather IVoin tlic plant I take to he the true dicholomum of Cliiloe);
and it seems to me the more dubious beeausc the autlior does not notice the
remarkable spiniilose processes wliich are so conspicuous on the vachis and
stipes, and are independent of the ordinary wings.

40. H. torliKhsum, Herb. Banks. ; rigid erect, I'ronds broad-
ly ovate lri]iinnati(id, the segments linear narrow more or less
undnlated and eris})ed sliarj)ly toothed (not i)licate), involu-
cres oval and elongated terminal uj)on the lower segments of
the ])innules, their ai)ices ciliato-dentate the valves short con-
tracted at the month, rachis and stipes with a crisped tortuous
sinuato-spinulose wing. Hook, et Grev. Ic. Fil. t. 129. H.
nigricans, Colla, in Act. Taur. 39, j} 32, t. 62, {ea; Herb.
Bonks.)

Hab. Staten J^aud (not New Zealand as stated by mistake in the ' Icones
Filicum'), il/cHr/ts, Dr. EUjlits. Tierra del Fuego, Banks, Solandcr, Dar-
win,.!. J), lldiihcr. Valdivia, Bridjcs, n. 7i)i». — Allied to //. dic]u)lo)niim ;
but the fronds are not plicate at the margin, and they are of a more rigid
texture; the involucres also are longer, distinctly ciliato-sphiulosc. Dis-
tinguished also by the absence of the soft spines on the stipes, rachis and
costte : though the remarkably tortuous nature of the wings on the rachis
and stipes gives them at first sight a scaly appearance.

41. H. atlennatiimy Hook.; tall, fronds narrow-ovate atte-
nuated tripinnatifid, the segments linear scarcely rigid plane
(not undulated or ])licate) ultimate ones elongated ciliato-den-
tate, involucres terminal on the segments oblong sid;) cylindri-
cal contracted at the mouth with two short ciliato-dentate
valves or lips, wings of the rachis and of the long stijjcs (where
they reach to the base) very tortuous and dentato-spinulose.
(Tab. XXXVI. C.)

Hab. Simimit of the Organ Mountains, Gardner, n. 5950. Chiloe, Cu-
viUkj, n. 6. — Evidently allied to H. tortuosum, but much larger (fronds 6 —
7 inclics and stipes nearly the same) ; and in none of my specimens are the
fronds either undulate or plicate; the texture is more membranaceous and
tender, the whole plant more flaccid and the margins ciliato- rather than
spiuuloso-dentatc.

42. H. Neesii, Hook. ; erect small, fronds narrow ovate
tripinnatifid, the segments linear olten forked, the margins
deeply undulate and crisped spinuloso-serrate, involucres
solitary supraaxillary oblong subcylindrical spinuloso-dentate
at the apex the mouth contracted witli two short acute valves
or lips, rachis and stipes setose especially at the base broadly
winged with a crisped undulated serrated membrane. H.
dichotomum, Nees in Nov. Act. Acad. J 823, p. 127, /. 13, /.'
4, [sterile), not Cav. Trichomancs Neesii, Blinne, Jvnnnt.
Fit. Jar. p. 226. T. aculeatum, J. Sni. in Kn. Fil. Philipp.

Hab. .Java, IHumc Luzon, Ctnning, n. I t(i. — 'I'his species, together

H 2

100 HYMRNOPHYLLUM.

with H. (knticulatum, S\v., niiinie, and also Mr. J. Smith, refer to Tricho-
manes, ai)(l with some j ustice, so lar as the form of the involuere is concerned,
which in iheni, and indeed in the two preceding species, is almost cylindrical,
with •> very short valves or lips; but the texture is thinner than is common
in 7'rir/ii»nancs, and the general affinity is rather with Ili/menophj/lhim. The
present speeies is small, singularly opaque, as if succulent when recent, and
the general appearance not much unlike some small spinous fucoid plant.

43. n. secundum. Hook, et Grev. ; fronds ovato-lanceo-
late bipinnatilid, primary divisions somewhat flabellate falca-
to-rccurvcd, the scj^ments linear secimd dichotomous serrated,
involucres terminal on short axillary segments oval-oblong
somewhat compressed 2-valved half-way down, the valves en-
tire the base sunk, rachis winged its margin entire, stipes
terete not winged. — Hook, et Grev. Ic. Fil. t. 133.

Ilab. Statcn Land (not " New Zealand "), Menzies. Ilermite Island,
Cape Horn, ./. D. Hooker. — A very elegant and remarkable species ; pri-
mary divisions falcato-recurvate and at the base subpalmate, especially the
lower ones ; the segments secund and pointing upwards, of a rigid texture,
becoming dark brown when dry.

44. H.. cri.'itatuni, Hook, et Grev.; fronds oblong bi-tri-
pinnatifid, the segments rather long linear obtuse sharply
serrated with large teeth which exist also on the rachis and
veins at the back, involucres supraaxillary large orbicular
sessile much broader than the segments the apex and sides
sharply S]iinuloso-ciliate 2-valved to the very base, stipes
slightly winged above. — Hook, et Grev. Ic. Fil. t. 148.

Ilab. On Cayambe, Andes of Quito, on the trunks of trees near the limits
of perpetual snow, at 14,000 feet of elevation above the sea, Jameson. — Re-
markal)le for its dark brown colour, the long spinulose crests on the back of
the rachis, costa; and veins, and the very large orbicular involucres, with
beautifully ciliated deep valves. Receptacles globose, large, causing a tu-
mid swelling in the lower half of the valves.

45. H. .yj/'/iuIosum, H.B.K. ; erect, fronds ovate or ovato-
oblong bi-tri])innatifid, primary divisions spreading, segments
linear-oblong spinuloso-serrate rigid, involucres snbsessile
supraaxillary 2 — 3 together broadly obovate comjnessed en-
tire 2-valved two-thirds of the way down, stipes slightly wing-
ed above crinite. — H. B. K. Nov. Gen. Aw. i. p. 26.

Ilab. Between Laguayra andCaraccas, 4 — 5000 feet of elevation, Hum-
boldt. Near Cuenca, Columbia, Jameson. — This plant, which I take to be
the //. spinulosum of Humboldt, has a stout caudex, 3 — 4 inches long, more
or less crinite and slightly winged above. Fronds ovate or oblong-ovate, of
a firm texture; the fertile divisions bearing 2 or 3 involucres on greatly re-
duced segments at their upper base. It differs from //. fucoides chiefly in
the broader and shorter fronds and in the involucres, which in all my spe-
cimens are entire and confined wholly to the upjier edge of the frond near
the base, and perhaps might safely be united to that species.

46. H, fucoides, Sw. ; fronds oblong acuminate bi-tripin-

IIYMENOPHYLLUM. 101

natifid, piimary divisions pointing npwards, the segments li-
near-oblong ol)Uise serrated, involueres subscssilc marginal
frequently on both sides the ])rimary divisions oval or obovate
dentate serrated comj)ressed 2-valved half-way down, recep-
tacle protruded in age, stipes slightly winged above frequently
crinite.— ,SV. FL Ind. Occ. p. 1717. St/n. Fil. p. IK). W'illd.
Sp. PL V. p. 5"23. Trichomanes fucoides, Hedw. Fil. cum Ic.

Hal). Jamaica, Swartz, Purtlic. Martinique, Siebcr. Summit of the
Orphan Mouutains, Gardner, n. .ODjI. Peru, Pocppig. INIexico, (Kuiizc).
Caraccas, Linden, h. 57, — This species is very faithfully represented in
Iledwig's Filiccs.

47. 11. denticulatnm, Sw. ; '* frond ovate glabrous deeply
subtripinnatifid, ])rimary divisions alternate approximate tra-
pezoideo-ovate, secondary divisions cuneiform digitato-pin-
natifid, segments linear bifid emarginate sinuato-denticulate,
involucres with the mouth 2-li])ped, rachis winged above,
entire, stipes short terete." Bl. — .SV. Sijn. Fil. p. 148 ^' 375.
JVilhi. Sp. PL v.p. 524. Trichonianes denticulatum, Bliuiie^
E/i. Fil. Jav. p. 226. Hymeno])hyllum humile, Nees. et BL
in Nov. Act. Acad. xi. t. 13, /". 3, [sterile).

Hah. Trunks of trees, Java, Thnnherg, Blume. — I have copied Blume's
character of this species as more full than that of Swartz, for I am unac-
quainted with it myself.

**** Fronds decompound; margins entire (not hairy nor ciliated).
\ Fronds pinnatijidli/ divided.

48. H. rariim, Br. ; flaccid pendent, fronds oblong or linear-
oblong bipinnatifid, the segments short obtuse erccto-patent
broad entire, involucres rhomboid the lower half cuneate sunk
the upper forming 2 semicircular entire compressed valves,
stipes slender filiform sometimes slightly margined above. —
Br. Prodr. Nov. Hall. p. 159. Hymenophyllum fiimarioi-
dcs, Bory in JVilld. Sp. PL v. p. 520, [dccording to Kunze).
Kaulf. St/n. Fil. p. 269. Knnze, Acot. Afr. Auslr. p. 75. H.
australe, Willd. I. c.p. bTI\ H. semibivalve. Hook, et Grev.
t. 83. — (3. fronds very short compact imbricated. H. imbri-
catum, Colenso,in Taf(m. Phil. Journ. — y. more elongated
and acuminate, involucres narrower.

Hah. Tasmania, Ihoirn, Gnnn, J. D. Hooker. New Zealand, Menztex,
Colenso, n. 4\2 and 277, J. D. /looker. Chiloc, Citminj, n. lii and 15.
South Africa, Dretje, Ecklon, Hariri/, Forbes, Carmithacl, Mund. Bour-
bon and Mauritius, Bory. — /i. Chiloe, Bridyes. New Zealand, Colenso. S.
part of Tierra del Fue<;o, Darwin, J. D. Hooker. — y. Ceylon, Mrs. Gen.
Walker, Dr. Wiyht, Macrae. — The normal stale of this plant seems to be
that figured in the ' Icones Plantarum,' under the name of //. semibimlve,
and is common in Tasmania, New Zealand and S. Africa : but a shorter
and more compact fnrm is also found, which I have indicated as var. fi.

10-2 IIYMENOPHYLLUM.

With tbo liist, ou the aullmiity ol" Kuiize, the Bourhon and Muuriliiis
Il.fumarioides agrees, for lie says it is the same with Cape specimens of
Drege. The //. auslrule of Willdenow is probably also identical. In the
usnal state of the j)lant, with short primary divisions, the se£!;ments are
mostly secnnd, from the upper side, but sometimes there is a clifTerent ap-
pearance. In one of two specimens of Mr. Cuminfr's n. \',i, the fronds are
ovate, tripiimatifid, but it is barren and may perhaps prove distinct. His
II. 15 has at first sight a very diftcrent appearance, bearing long narrow
branches or primary divisions, each resembling the more usual form of
the entire plant ; it is also more rigid and wiry. It must be confessed that
the species is a very variable one.

49. II. hadiinn. Hook, ct Grev. ; fronds broadly oblong
lanceolate obtuse bipinnalifid, the segments short oblong
spreading entire obtuse, the lower ones of the primary divi-
sions bifid, involucres few solitary on short lateral segments
sessile free orbiculari-reniform convex 2-valved to the very
base, quite entire, stipes vi^inged in the upper half Hook, et
Grcv. Ic. Fil. t. 76, {not Hall. Cat. n. 172).

Hal). East Indies, Dr. Wullich, probably from Nepal. — All my individu-
als are of a rich brown colour, the segments short and very broad. The
fructifications rare, orbicular, approaching to reniform. Our specimens
were received and published in the ' Icones Filicum ' before Dr. Wallich
ajtpears to have drawn out his celebrated ' Catalogue ;' — and the species
there noted (but with a mark of doubt as this, n. 172) is H. jjoli/cmthos.

50. H. caudicuratnni, Mart.; tall erect, fronds lanceolate or
ovato-lanceolate acuminate tripinnatifid somewhat glossy, pri-
mary divisions lanceolate and as well as the apex of the frond
long-caudate especially in the sterile fronds, secondary remote
often simple, segments short broadly linear entire spreading
obtuse or emarginate, involucres supraaxillary large orbicular
free sessile or on very short segments 2-valved to the base
compressed entire or slightly erose, rachis prominent from the
very broad wings, stipes slender terete broadly winged wings
dccurrent almost to the base. — Mart. PL Crypt. Bras. p. 102,
/. ()7, e.vccUent. — /3. wing of the stipes broader and as well as
that of the rachis undulato-crisped.

Ilab. Brazil, Martins, Sellow; Organ Mountains, Gardner, n.2\\. Chi-
loe, Cumincj, n. 4. — )3. Chiloc, Darwin. — Plant from 8 — 14 inches high.
Habit and general appearance similar to those of H. fuciforme, but truly
distinct, smaller, narrower and less divided, with a more slender stipes and
rachis, and hence less rigid. The involucres too are widely diiferent, large
and orbicular. Our Chilian specimens are more elongated, rather less di-
vided, and of a paler color. In the Brazilian ones the fructifications are
more copious (indeed exceedingly abundant, reaching to the apex of the
frond) and then the ultimate segment is abbreviated ; otherwise forming a
long caudate point.

51. \\.^/imhrialti)n, J. 8m. ; fronds erect ovate subacumi-
nate tripinnati/id, the segments simi)le or bifid linear obtu.se

IIYMLNOPHYLLUM. 103

entire iindulato-crisped especially at the racliis, involucres
copious all terminal campanulate free sessile 2-valved to the
base, the valves somewhat plaited truncate fimbriato-dentate,
stipes winged almost to the very base, the wings much crisp-
ed. (Tab. XXXVI. C.) — J. Sm. FU. PJiilipp. I. c. p. 418,
natfie onhj.

Ilab. Luzon, Cumimj, n. 218. — Stipes 2 — 3 inches ; frond 4 — 5 inclies.
A good deal resembling //. Javanicum, but the fructifications are very dif-
ferent.

52. ll.fuci/orme, Sw.; tall rigid (from the stoutness of the
stipes and rachis) erect, fronds broadly lanceolate acuminate
tripinnatilid somewhat glossy, the segments broadly linear
obtuse rounded bifid or sometimes emarginate ultimate ones
attenuated, involucres supraaxillary marginal rarely substi-
pitate very small ovate 2-valved to the base free, the valves
entire, rece]itacles in age and even the capsules from the
spreading of the valves exserted, rachis with a very broad
wing, stipes (pale-colored) stout compressed almost sulcatc
when dry strongly winged above. (Tab. XXX VT. D.) ,Siv.
Si/n. Fit. p. 148. Willd. Sp. PL v. 529. II. fucoides, Cav.
Prccl. 1801, w. 686 {not Sivariz).

Hab. Chiloc {Caininillcs) Cuming, n. 7. Shady woods, Valdivia, Bridges,
n. 7i);3. Trunks of trees in mountain woods, Juan Fernandez, Bertvro, n.
1841. — Tliis is unquestionably the finest and most striking species of this
beautiful genus of Ferns. Specimens from Bertero are more tlian 2 feet
long, the stipes one-third of that length, and, as well as the rachis, peculi-
arly stout, so as to give a lirm rigid character to the entire plant. The
leafy or winged j)urtion of the rachis is very broad ; the ultimate segments
are acuminated ; the involucres always lateral and resembling the siliculae-
form fruit of many Algce, — and, what is remarkable, even before the full
maturity of the fructification, while the capsules are upon the receptacle,
they are exposed to view by the spreading and shrinking of the valves. Its
atlinity is with //. dilatalum.

5,3. H. pulchcrrunum, Colenso ; rather large erect, fronds
ovato-lanceolate tri-quadripinnatifid, the segments rather
short somewhat spreading entire linear obtuse bifid, the mar-
gins waved, secondary rachis flcxuose, involucres sessile ax-
illary or on very short segments small orbicular quite Iree
2-valved to the very base, the valves convex entire, rece]Ha-
cles included, stipes compressed winged to the base and as
well as the rachis of the same color with the frond. (Tab.
XXXVII. K.)— Colenso in Tasm. Phil. Jonrn.

Hab. Trunks of trees, Waikare lake, N. Zealand, Colenso. — Stipes 3—5
inches ; frond 8 — lU inches, 4 — 5 inches broad. In the pale color of the ra-
chis and stipes, in the compressed and strongly winged character of the latter,
and in the almost equal size of the entire plant, this has a great aflinity w ith
//. dilatatum : l)ut the fronds arc very dift'crent, of a soft and flaccid nature.

104 IIYMENOPHYI.LUM.

subundulateil, tlie sef^ments shorter, more spreading, narrower, not at all
palmate. The color is not so green ; the involucres are nmcb smaller, ne-
ver terminal on tlie longer segments, and not at all sunk.

54. II. dila/afnm, S\v. ; tall erect, fronds ample ovate
acinninalL- or oblong tripinnalifid, primary divisions ovato-
lancenlate and as well as the secondary segments broad and
sub] )al mate below, the segments broad-linear elongated sub-
caudate and drooping entire, involucres terminal on the seg-
ments orbicular lower half cuneatc sunk in the frond and
broader than the segments, the valves slightly convex semi-
orbicular very ol)tuse entire, recejitacles clavate included,
stipes ancipiti-alate decurrent almost to the base and as well
as the rachis green. — Sw. Syn. Fil. p. 149 and 373. Schkh.
Fil. 1. 135. M'illd. Sp. PL V. p. 533. Hnok. et Grev. Ic. Fil.
t. ()0, Trichomanes, Forst. Prodr. ri. 467. Blnme, Enum.
Fil. Jar. p. 2-21.

Hal>. New Zealand, Forster and othfir travellers. Rocks and trunks of
trees, woods of Java, Blume. — A very handsome species, well represented
in the ' Icones Filicnm,' except that in most specimens the bases of the seg-
ments are so united as to be broad and subpalmate. Stipes and rachis al-
ways of the same pale hue as the frond, which is often a foot or even a foot
and a half high.

55. H. p}-olrit.<}H7n, Hook. ; fronds pendent oblong-acumi-
nate bi-trij^innatifid flaccid compact, primary divisions ovate
aruminate, segments linear obtuse entire, involucres terminal
small obovate obtuse the lower half cuneate and siuik, the
valves entire, receptacles in age thrice as long as the involu-
cres, stipes terete glabrous slightly winged above. (Tab.
XXXVIl. B.)

Ilab. Re.ilcjo, Central America, Sincltir. Jamaica; woods above Mount
Stcwirt, Purdie. — Stipes 2 — 3 inches long; fronds about 5 inches, mem-
bianaceous. Involucres equal in breadth to the segments, half sunk, the
upper half 2-valved and about one-third or one-fourth the length of the old
receptacle. Well distinguished by the small size of the involucre, and in
jigc by the exserted receptacle.

56. H. recnirvum, Gaud. ; fronds bipinnatifid flaccid pen-
dent oblong acuminate, primary divisions elongate recurved
or erecto-])atcnt dichotomously pinnatifid lower ones distant,
the segments simple elongated linear entire, involucres su-
])raaxillary solitary terminal sessile or subsessile (the base
inmiersed and cuneate) oval or subrotund 2-valved nearly to
the base compressed slightly serrated rarely entire. (Tab.
XXXVIl. C.) — Gaud, in Freyc. Voy. Bot. p. 576. Hook, et
Am. in Bot. of Beech. Voy. p. 109.

Hah. Sa)id\vich T--1andR, Gniiduhaud. Imji and Collie in Beechey's Voy.
Macrae, Dull, Douglas. — Stipes 2— 3 inches long; fronds 6 — 8 inches,

IIYMENOI'IIYLLUM. 105

fliiccid, varying much in the direction of the segments sometimes recurv-
ed, sometimes pointing upwards ; lower primary divisions very remote.

57. H. crisjyilu)//, Wall. ; erect, fronds ovato-acuininate
tripinnatiful, the segments linear obtuse generally ])lane
sometimes waved entire, involucres terminal sometimes on
lateral segments co])ioiis ovate sessile free entire 2-valved to
the very base the valves convex, receptacles wholly included,
stii)es with broad crisped wings almost to the base, wing ol'
the rachis also crisj)ed. — IWtll. Co/, n. I(i9. Hook, cl Grev.
Jc. Fil. t. 77. — &. minus; fronds contracted oblong, fructifi-
cations small. — 7. vidjtfs; fronds broader, fructifications lar-
ger. II. sangninolentum, ,/. Sm. Eiikih. Fil. PJiilipp. I. c. p.
418, [not Stcartz). — J. TasmnniciDn ; involucres shorter and
broader often geminate and generally very erose. H. flabel-
latum, Br. Prodr. p. 159, {not Labill.) 11. atrovirens, Colen-
so in TiiHin. Phil. Journ.

•Hab. Nepal, IVallich. fi. Ceylon, Mrs. Gen. Walker, y. lAV/.n\^, Cuming,
n. 220. 8. Tasmania, lirozcn, Gunn. New Zealand, Colenso. n. 275, Lo</an,
J. D. Hooker. — //. crispatum, as figured in the ' Icones Filicuu],' I possess
from Nc]ial. The Ceylon specimens are smaller, with narrower and copi-
ous fructifications, scarcely half the size of the former. Those I call y. are
larger, with the involucres twice the size of /3., still more copious, especially
at llie ajiices of the ultimate segments. The specimens from Tasmania ap-
j»i-ar quite to agree with iMr. Brown's Il.jiahellatum (not Labill.), for the
slight diflerences would scarcely justify their being kept distinct. Among
my abundant specimens from that country the fronds are more or less crisp-
ed, or sometimes wholly plane. The involucres, always terminal on elon-
gated segments, are nearly orbicular in some instances, in others ovate, en-
tire or erose. iMr. Colenso's beautiful specimens from New Zealand (//.
alrovirens. Col.) have the segments of the fronds almost entirely plane, the
involucres smaller and exactly ovate.

58. H. Jlexuosum, A. Catni. ; fronds erect rather rigid
broadly ovate almost deltoid tri-quadripinnatifid, the seg-
ments narrow linear entire obtuse undulated, involucres rather
broader than the segment terminal free orbicular entire 2-
valved to the base, the valves convex, receptacles included,
rachis as well as the stipes with a broad crisped wing. A.
Cunn. Nov. Zeal, in Hook. Comp. to Bot. jMay. ii. p. 369,

Uab. New Zealand, northern island, All. Cunningham, Colenso. — This
bears the rounded involucres of //. Javanicum, but they have the tenninal
insertion of //. crispatum. The fronds are more deeply and copiously di-
vided than in either, more crisped, especially in the rachis and stipes ; and
the general habit is different ; yet it must be confessed that in many re-
sj)ects it appears intermediate between the two just mentioned.

59. II. inidiildlnm, Sw. ; pendent, fronds ovate or oblong
(small) tri-(iuadri])innatilid, below sometimes pinnate, primary
divisions jiatent, the segments short oblonj; s))reading entire

106 HYMENOPHYLLUM.

emarginatc everywhere undulated and crisped dense and com-
])act, involucres rare terminal orbicular free compressed 2-
valved to the base entire, rachis with the wings undulate and
strongly crisped, stipes slender fdiibrm very indistinctly wing-
ed.—.S^i^^. Prodr. Fl. Lid. p. 1751. Sf/n. Fil. p. 148. IVilld.
Sp. PL V. p. 533. Hedw. Fil. cum Ic.

Ilab. Jamaica, Swartz, Mcnzies. Mountains of Andinarca, Peru, Ma-
t/icus, H. 108<5. — Very distinct. The stipes varies from 1 — 3 inches. Fronds
:) — I inches long, in every part beautifully and equally undulato-crispate.

60. H. Jaiatlicum, Spr. ; fronds ovate oblong tripinnati-
fid, the segments linear obtuse entire and as well as the rachis
undulated crisped, involucres copious upon very short lateral
segments orbicular convex entire or erose free 2-valved to the
very base, stipes with a broad wavy wing extending nearly to
the base. — Spreng. Si/sf. Vcf/et. iv. p. 132. Blume, Emim.
Fil. Jav. p. 222. Il.crispum, Nees et Blume in Nov. Act.
Nat. Cur. xi. /. 14,/. 1, {not H. B. K.) H. serpens, Wall.
Cat. n. 173.

Hab. Pundowa Mountains, N. India, De Silva (Wallich). Assam, Ma.
for, Jenkins. Java, in mountain woods, and in the Moluccas, Blume. — This is
well llfjuredby Nees and Blume in the work above quoted, though the fronds
are a little broader than in our specimens. The species is very near //.
crispatum, but the fronds are much more crisped, and the involucres are
orbicular, not ovate. In some specimens, however, there is an approach to
the ovate form. Stipes 2 — 4 inches. Fronds 3—4 inches.

61. W.myriocarpum, Hook.; pendent flaccid, fronds elon-
gato-lanceolate compact tripinnatifid. primary divisions lan-
ceolate gradually smaller at the apex and base, the segments
short linear-oblong obtuse entire or retuse moderately spread-
ing, involucres very numerous on short lateral contracted seg-
ments broadly orbicular sessile 2-valved to the very base, the
valves convex entire, rachis slightly winged above. (Tab.
XXXVII. D.)

Hab. Colombia, Harticeg, n. 1530. — Stipes 2 — 3 inches long ; frond a
span long, \\ — 2 inches broad where widest, regularly and closely tripin-
natifid, very flaccid, rich brown when dry, the fructifications very copious,
prominent on the upper side of the fronds, perhaps in consequence of their
pendent position. The graceful form and copious fructifications will rea-
dily distinguish this species.

62. H. poli/antJios, Sw.; erect or drooping ovate or oblong
tripinnatifid, the segments short entire generally spreading
sometimes a little waved and ilexuose, involucres terminal
ovate or nearly orbicular free or the base slightly sunk deeply
2-valved, the valves convex entire or somewhat erose, stipes
terete naked or moderately winged above. — a. fructifications
mostly terminal on elongated subpalmated segments, involu-

IIYMENOl'HYLLUM. 107

crus ovate sliglitly sunk in the Irond. — II. polyanthos, Suk
St/N. Fil. p. 1 IJ). ]\lUd. Sp.Pl. I. c. p. 531. Hedw. FiLcuin
h. 11. abietiiuun, Kzc. PL Cnjpt. Pacpp. p. 109, ri.v Hook.
II. Jalapcuse, Chavi. el Schlcchl. in IJtnuea, v. p. G19. H.
badiiiui, Wall. Cat. n. 172, not Hook, et Grev. II. ricci-
iflblium, Klolzvli, in Herb. lief/. Berol. an Jacq.? — &. Iruc-
tifications giMicrally on short lateral segments more or less
contracted, involucres broadly ovate or more frequently orbi-
cular free to the base (not sunk). — II. clavatum, Sw. Syn. Fil.
/>. 149. Willd. Sp. PI. v. p. 532. Hedw. Fil. cum'Ic. Kze.
in St/n. PI. Cnjpt. Poepp.p. 109. 11. Jalapense, Martens et
Cialeotti, Syn. Fil. Me.v, p. 81. II. sanguinolentum, Sw.Syn.
Fil. p. 529. Schknhr, Fil. p. 13G, /. 135, c. ''Hedw. Fil. cum
Ic.'' {not in my copy). JVilld. Sp. PI. v. p. 529. Trichomanes
sanguin. Forst. llynienophylkun viftosum, Colenso, in Tasm.
P/iil. Journ. (a subvar. with stij^es and rachis very slightly
hairy). — y. fronds larger, fructifications as in tar. (3. II.
abietinum, ffuok. et Grev. Ic. Fil. t. 127.

Hab. a. West Indian islands, apparently general. Peru, Mathews, n.
1798 «?u/ 1887, Ilartwctj,n.\b2\), Porpph/. Mexico, Sekiede ami Deppc.
Guiana, Schomburfjk, n. 509. Surinam, Dr. Hostmann. Brazil, Scllojo,
11. b. Nepal, ira//a7i. Assam, J)/(y"or /cH/i/Hs, (the specimens small). Phi-
lippine Islands, ('umin(j, n. 384. — /3. Jamaica, Swartz, Purdie. St. Vin-
cent, Lamdoumc GulUiiruj. Peru, Mathews, n. 107 and 1791, Pocppig.
Mexico, Galeotti. Brazil, Burchell. Guiana, C. S. Parker. Juan Fer-
nandez, Aw/z/rts. Luzon, Cu)ning,n.2\A. New Zealand, Fors^^-, Co/pra-
*■(), Logan, (in one of Dr. Logan's specimens the involucres have crested
lamella;). — y. Pichincha, Jameson, 7i. <)5. Chacapoyas, Peru, Mathews. —
As far as specimens are concerned I have had an ample supply at my com-
mand, in various states, of what I cannot but consider, after the most care-
ful investigation, as belonging to one and the same species. An opinion
has already been expressed in the ' Icones Filicum,' that the diflerences
between //. polyanthos and //. clavatum, Sw., were not permanent : and I
am confirmed in that opinion by further examination. The extreme states
of this species are indeed easily recognized and easily described ; but there
are various intermediate grades that baftle all attempts to discriminate them
specifically. The fronds are not only variable in general form and circum-
scription, but also in the direction of the primary divisions, sometimes
being curved downwards. As to size, the plant varies from 1 — 10 or 12
inches in length. Small specimens of /3., when a little crisped, as they some-
times are, approach the II. undulation, Sw.

63. II. crispnm, II. B. K. ; "fronds bipinnatifid glabrous,
the linear segments as well as the winged rachis entire un-
dulated and crisped, stipes romuled slightly^uury, involucres
terminal the valves subrotund ciliated." H. B. K. Nor. Gen.
Am. i. p. 60.

Hab. Declivities of Mount Silla dc Caraccas, elcvatiou of t),000 feet,
Province of Venezuela, Ilundxddl.

108 PIYMENOniYLLUM.

64. H. erof!U?n, Bl. ; " frond tripiiinatifid ovate glabrous,
pinnnc alternate siibrhomboid-ovate, |)iniiulos ovate triangu-
lar digitato-pinnatifid, ultimate segments linear obtuse emar-
ginate and as well as the winged rachis subuudulate, valves
of the involucre oblong obtuse erose at the apex, stipes wing-
ed" BL En urn. Fil. Jav. p. 221.

Hah. Trunks of trees in woods, Java and Moluccas, Dlume. — " Diffei-s
from //. (lemis.mm, Sw., which it much resemhles, in the shortei* pinnas and
form and colour of the valves of the involucres."

65. H. dcedaleum, Bl. ; " fronds tripinnatifid ovato-oblong
glabrous, pinna; alternate approximate rhomboid-oblong cu-
neifonn-pinnatifid, the segments linear bi-trifid and as well
as the rachis winged sinuato-undulate, valves of the involu-
cre rounded erose towaals the apex, stipes winged above."
ni. En urn. Fil. Jav. p. 222.

Hah. Mossy trunks of trees. Province of Bantam, Java, Bltime. — "Near
//. dichntomum, Cav. but distinct in the a|)i)roximate pinnae, in the seg-
ments not being spiuuloso-deutate and other characters. Involucres erose
at the apex."

ii6. H. imhricatum, Bl. ; " fronds bipinnatifid ovate pur-
plish glabrous, pinnae alternate approximate rhombeo-oblong
pinnatifid, segments and pinnules trapezoid incised above and
subimbricate, ultimate segments linear obtuse, valves of the
involucre orbicular entire, stipes rounded." Bl. En. Fil. Jav.
p. 220.

Hab. Mossy places, mountains of Java, Blume. — " Differs from H. san-
(jninolcnlum in the subdinaidiate pinnules, which are subbipinnatifid only
above and subimbricatcd.''

67. H. riccicefolium^ Bory in Willd.; fronds bipinnate, pin-
nie secund, lower pinnules pinnatifid u])pcr ones tripartite,
segments linear obtuse, sori terminal, involucres obovate,
rachis winged, stipes margined." Willd. Sp. PI. v. p. 531.
Adiantum teuellinn, Jacq. Coll. p. 287, i. 21, /". 3.

Hab. Bourbon {Jacquin). " Stipes 1 inch long, margined ; fronds 2 — 3
inches.'' — Apparently, judging from the figure, allied to H. polyanthos.

Dubious Species of this Section.

68. ll.australe, Willd.; "fronds bipinnate, pinnides linear
obtuse, lower ones bifid, sori terminal, involucres emarginate
bidentate, rachis winged, stipes margined." Willd. Sp. PL
V. p. 527.

Hab. Tasmania, Lahillardivre. — "Stipes 1| — 2 inches ; frond 2 inches
long. Involucres ovate, emarginate at the apex and obtusely bidentate."
Willd. — It will be seen that I have already, with a mark of doubt, referred
this to II. raruni, Br. ; but the character of the in' olucre would seem to
point to a very different species, with which I am probably unacquainted :

HYMENOrHYLI.UM,

109

and yet it is hardly likely lliat it should not have been rediscovered in Tas-
mania, through the industry ol' succeeding botanists.

ff Fronds pinnatedly dimdcd.
G9. II. cxscrliim. Wall. ; flexile pendent, fronds oblong
elongate acuminate pinnated, pinna; rather distant lanceolate
acuminate decurrent especially the upper ones pinnatifid but
not dcejdy, segments short linear-oblong obtuse entire sim])le
or bifid, involucres on the upper side of the pinnaj solitary or
2 — 3 sessile or terminating short segments ovate 2-valved al-
most to the base compressed, the valves eroso-serrate or near-
ly entire, rachis stipes and costa more or less crinite with long
scattered rufous hairs. (Tab. XXXVIII, k.)^Wall. Cat. n.
171. 11. densmn, Wall. Cat. v. 170.

Hab. Nepal, WaUich. — A well-marked species. The pinna? are dccur-
rcut, broad and not deeply pinnatifid.

70. H.capil lace Kin, Roxburgh; fronds small elongate ])in-
nated, jnnmu remote narrow-cuneate digitato-pinnatifid, seg-
ments i'ew linear oblong a little broader upwards entire sim-
ple or bifid, involucres orbicular the base cuneate sunk deeply
2-valved compressed denticulate, rachis filiform slightly wing-
ed above glabrous, stipes short. (Tab. XXXVlll. B.) — 11.
capillaceum, Ro.vbur(jli, in Beatsoti's Cat. of St. Helena
Plants. H. infortunatum, Bory, in Duperrey Voy. p. 284, t.
38, /. 3.

Hab. St. Helena, on rocks and Tree-Ferns, Diana's Peak, Menzies, Rox-
burgh, Bennett, J. D. Hooker, Duperrey. — A small, slender, graceful plant,
3 — 5 inches long, with a short, slender stipes and a wavy filiform rachis.
A well-marked species in the form of the frond, remote, narrow, cuneato-
pinnatiiid pinnae and orbicular and toothed valves of the involucre, which
latter circumstance has been entirely overlooked by Borj in the figure gi-
ven in Dupcrrey's Voyage.

71. H. demissum, S\v.; tall erect elastic, fronds ovato-acu-
minatc pinnate, rachis winged above, ])inna) bi-tripinnatiiid,
the segments linear obtuse entire ])ointing upwards, ultimate
ones irequently elongated, involucres on the lateral segments
small ovate sessile 2-valved to the base compressed, stijjes
terete smooth. — Sw. Syn. Fil. p. 147 and 374. Sc/tkr. Fit.
t. 135, c. Willd. Sp. PI. V. p. 528. Trichomanes demissum,
Forst. « Hedw. Fil.''

Hab. Pacific Islands, Forstcr. New Zealand, southern inland ; Dusky
Bay, Mcnzies. Northern island ; Bay of Iskuuis, A. Cunnhtf/ham, Colenso,
J. D. Hooker, &c. Tasman's Bay,D'Urville. Philij)pine Islands, Cinning,
n.212. — This has a stout caudex and a stipes, about as thick as a sparrow's
quill, quite terete ; the fronds and pinnae acuminate, sometimes I'alcato-re-
curved. Involucres small. Frond 8 — 10 inches long, stipes nearly as long.
Closely allied to H. polyanthos, but larger ; the lower portion of the froud

110 HYMENOPHYLLUM.

I fhiJ to he always truly pinnated, llic segments more attenuated and
l)()intintj upwards ;" rachis" never winged, except above : but these are the
imly diiVerences pereeptible. Cuming's s])ecimen precisely accords with the
New Zealand ones.

72. II. scubruin, A. Rich. ; rigid tall erect elastic, fronds
ovate acuminate pinnate, pinnie bi-tri])innatifid acuminate
the segments narrow-linear obtuse entire, involucres terminal
small ovate orbicular sessile free 2-valved to the base entire
or scarcely denticulate terminal on segments which are slight-
ly contracted at their apices, rachis (and frequently the costa))
and stipes above more or less setose, below the stipes is
rougli.— J. Richard, Fl. Nov. Zeal. p. 90, t. 14, f. 1.

llab. New Zealand, D'Urvillc, A. Cunningham, Colenso, J. D. Hooker.
— Although this be the //. acahrum of llichard, the involucres are in our
specimens more ovate than shown in his figure, and scarcely denticulate :
indeed the sjiecies has a very close affinity with II. dcmissum, but it is more
rigid, and more or less setose with harsh coarse hairs, which, under a micro-
scope, are curiously and beautifully jointed. When these hairs fall away,
as is the case on the stipes, especially on the lower portion, the surface ap-
pears scabrous to the eye and to the touch with copious raised points.

73. 11. reniforme. Hook. ; small, fronds ovato-oblong pin-
nated rigid laxly cellular, pinnae pinnatifid decurrent, the seg-
ments linear emarginate or the lower ones forked entire, the
margins recurved when dry, involucres terminal free broader
than the segments reniform 2-valved to the base, stipes very
short terete smooth hispid with reddish deciduous hairs. (Tab.
XXXVIII. C.)

llab. Peru, Mathews, n. 1783. — A most elegant and veiy distinct species,
growing in dense tufts, with a long creeping caudex which is haii*y as well
as the short stipes : the latter half an inch to an inch long. Fronds 1 — 2
inches long ; texture firm and rigid, but the reticulations are large in pro-
portion to the size of the plant. The margins are much recurved when dry,
so as to make the segments appear exceedingly narrow. Involucres reni-
form, free, sometimes with the valves a little erose.

74. II. (jracile, Bory ; pendulous, fronds ovato-lanceolate
or oblong-lanceolate attenuated subbipinnate, pinnae remote
decurrent pinnatifid or bipinnatifid, the segments linear ob-
tuse frequently bifid entire, involucres subovate the cuneate
base lialf sunk in the frond, the valves compressed entire,
stipes cylindrical slender smooth and glabrous. — Bory hi
Wilhl. Sp. PL v. p. 527. Hook, ct Grev. Ic. Fil. t. 198.
Wall. Cat. n. 7084.

llab. Mauritius, Bory, Carmichad, liojer, Wallich. — IMy largest speci-
mens, including the stipes, are 8 — 10 inches long : the frond is flaccid, the
rachis waved, the wings above very narrow. Some states are less divided,
smaller, and approach the varieties of //. varum from Chiloe (the//, fuma-
rioides, Willd.) ^

IIVMKNOPIIYI.LL.M. Ill

75. II. (i.r/ll<ira,^\Y.; jxndcnt llaccid lincar-oblon^^, fivjiuls
bi])iinuite, i)iiinaiy piiiniv! oltcn irrcffiilur cloiif^atc (as il" tlicy
were branches), secondary short bii)innalifi(l, llie segments
short broad linear eniarginate, invohicres small orbicular ge-
nerally u})on the lower lateral segments the short cuneate base
sunk the rest free 2-valvcd, the valves scmiorbicular entire. —
Sn: S,/n. Fil. p. 148. WiUd. Sp. PL v. p. 532. Huok. el Grcv.
Ic. FIL t. 124.

Hal). .Tamaica, on trunks of trees in the mountains, Sioarts, Lunan, Jlig-
son and Wiles, Bancroft, Furdie. — A graceful species, flaccid and pendent;
tlie caudex slender, much branched. Stipes short, tlie primary pinna not
unfrequently running; out into other fronds or as it were branches of the
main houd. Extremely distinct.

7(5. ll.Jl(ibe//afifm,L.ah.; rather flaccid curved downward,
ft-onds ovate or oblong acuminate pinnate slightly glossy on
the surface, pinnaj from a broad cuneate base much acumi-
nate })iiniatifid the lower segments frequently palniately di-
vided sid)flabellate all obtuse or eniarginate entire, rachis and
costa) pale, involucres terminal chiefly on lateral segments
nearly orbicular tlie lower half immersed the upper free 2-
valved compressed the valves entire, stipes terete smooth. —
LabilL FL Nov. HolL ii. p. 101, t. 250, /. 1, {not Browti).
Willd. Sp. PL V. p. 520. H. nitens, Broicn, Prodr. p. 159.
Hook, et Grev. Ic. FiL t. 197. — 0. smaller, involucres nar-
rower, fronds ovate erect.

Hab. Trunks of trees, Tasmania, LahUlardiere, Brown, Gunn, J. D.
Hooker, Lawrence. New Zealand, Menzies, Colenso, Lesson. — /3. Holes of
rocks and roots of trees. New Zealand, Colenso, J. D. f/owAer. —Doubtless
a hi<;hly variable plant. Labillardiere's figure well represents small spe-
ciniens. Some of our numerous ones are nearly a foot long and much
elongated, which is the common forn) in Tasmania. Smaller ones are of-
ten pilose with line lax and crisped hairs. The most striking character of
the plant is the llabellate or subpalmate form of the lower pinnfE. There
is also a slight gloss on the surface, not common in the genus, and a pale
rachis and costas. The involucres are narrower in /3.

Dubious Species of this Section.

77. W.JlorihundiiDi, IT.B. K.; "fronds bipinnate glabrous,
secondary pinn:v dicholomously pinnatifid, segments linear
entire retuse, rachis and stipes winged, sori terminal, valves
of the involucre ovate." — H. B. K. Nov. Gen. Am. \. p. 27.
— Near Caripe, province of Cumana, Humboldt. — " Fronds
3 inches high."

78. H. ramosissimiim, Ilainilt. ; "frond ovato-lanceolale
tripinnatc, pinna) dee])ly pinnatifid, segments linear-cuneate
generally bifid, sori terminal nmuerous, involucres entire ve-
ry short, stipes and rachis terete." Hatni/t. in J)on, Prod. FL

112 HYMENOPHYLLUM.

Nep. p. 12. — Mountains of Nepal, Hamilton. — "Fronds 1 —
\\ foot high ovato-lanceolate."

79. H. tenellum, Don ; " frond pinnate, pinnae alternate
pinnalifid, segments linear-oblong obtuse entire emarginate
at the base sinii)le or bifid, sori solitary lateral, involucres en-
tire, stipes and rachis winged." Don. Prodr. Fl. Nep. p. 12.
— Nepal, HamiHon, Wallich. — "Fronds very thin, 1 — 2
inches high ; habit of H. Tunhrichjense, but most distinct in
the entire, not serrated, segments, in their emarginate apices,
entire involucres, in the stipes being winged and in the sori
being placed at the apices of the lateral segments."

80. H. endivicefolium, Desv. ; " fronds decurrently tri-
pinnate, piuna3 subdistant, pinnules confluently pinnate,
segments linear emarginate obtuse undulate crisped, stipes
rounded margined at the apex." Dew. in Mem. Sac. Linn.
ii. /?. 334. — Fenx {Desvaux). " Fronds 4 — 10 inches." The
author says nothing about the margins of the segments, whe-
ther serrate or entire, nor are the involucres noticed.

81. H. decurrcns, Sw.; "fronds bipinnate, pinnules oblong-
ovate cuneate pinnatifido-lobate, the segments linear obtuse,
sori terminal." Sw. Syn. Fil. p. 166. Willd. Sp. PL v. p.
530. — Adiantum decurrens, Jacq. Collect, ii. p. 103, t. 2, /. 12.
Martinique, (./ac*//^/;?). — This plant is taken up solely on
the authority of Jacquiu, whose figure is extremely unsa-
tisfactory. A specimen in the Banksian herbarium under
this name is H. 2^rotrusum of the present work.

82. H. emarginatum, Sw.; "fronds dichotomously subtri-
pinnatifid oblong, pinna? decurrent, pinnules bipartite, the
segments linear emarginate, terminal ones elongated, sori su-
praaxillary." Sw. Syn. Fil. p. 148 and 377. Willd. Sp. PL v.
p. 530. — Mountains of Java, Thunherg. — "Stipes 2 — 3 inches
long. Fronds half a span. Sori terminal on short segments
towards the apex of the frond, globose. Columella (recepta-
cle) included; valves of the involucres subrotund, rather
large, erect, connivent. Among the largest of the species, re-
markable for its elongated terminal segments."

Dubious Species. Section quite unknown.

83. H. hygrometricum,'Desv.; "fronds subbipinnated, jnn-
nae alternate ])innatifid, pinnules incised obtuse, caudex
creeping tomentose." Trichomanes nudum, Poir. in Encycl.
Bot. viii. p. 79. — Madagascar, TJtouars.

84. H. nudum, Desv. ; fronds lanceolate erect bipinnate,
pinna? alternate pinnatifid, segments linear obtuse ciliato-

rUICIlOMANKS. I l.{

pilose, stipes naked hairy. " Tiichoiuanes uudmn, Pair, in
Encycl. Bot. viii. p. 73. — Guadeloupe, liadicr. — Poiivt
compares this with HifmenopliyUum ciliu/uin, S\v., and //.
lineare, of the same author : but I have seen no authentic
specimens.

85. H. Tel/airiannm, Wall. Cat. n. 1G8.— Mauritius, />'/-
fair. — Of this likewise 1 have received no autlRiilic s])eci-
mens ; nor does it api)car to exist among tlie i)lants of Dr.
Wallich preserved in the Banksian or Linna^an herbaria.

12. TllICHOMANES, Snt.

Didymoglossum, Desv. Feea, Bort/. Ilymenostachys, Bori/.

Sori marginal, lateral, or terminal, sometimes upon a changed
frond and forming a spike, free or united or sunk in the frond,
always terminating a vein. Involucres monophyllous, tubu-
lar, subcylindrical, tapering at the base, more or less spread-
ing at the mouth, sometimes two-lipped, of the same texture
as the frond or thicker and more compact, entire, rarely
toothed or serrated. Receptacle elongated, columnar, or
more frequently fdiform, much exserted, sometimes to a very
great length. Capsules sessile or nearly so, clothing the base
(}f the receptacle within the involucre, rarely the npper por-
tion also, depressed, surrounded by an entire, broad, nearly
transverse riny, bursting on one side vertically. Sporulcs ;3-
angular or 3-lobed ; in the subgenus Hymenostaclnjs oval. —
Ferns usually of small size, but varyiny from 2 incites to 2
feet in lenytli, inhahiting the tropics or temperate climates.
Caudex generally more or less creeping, JiUform or stout, gla-
brous or lomentose : sometimes apparently wanting. Fronds
more or less stipitate, sometimes sessile, of a membranaceous
rarely subcoriaceous texture, generally loosely reticulated,
but occasionally fi/iT. reniformcy' very closely and compact ly
so, the mesJies or areola; mostly placed without order, but
sometimes (in T. membranaceum and its allies) arranged
in lines corresponding with the direction of the venation ;
generally of a deep green color, darker and brownish or al-
most black U'hen dry ; glabrous or hairy, rarely fringed with
scales ; simple or pinnated or pinnatijid, and variously di-
vided, with narrow oblong or linear segments, which are in-
cised or usually undivided, entire, seldom toothed or serrate,
with a strong costa or vein in the centre: sometimes the veins
radiate from the base (as in T. reniforme bfc.) in a very ele-
gant manner.— Hook. Gen. Fil. Tab. 31. Tah. 108. (Ily-
menostachys, Bory). Hook. Ex. Fl. Tab. 52. (Feea, Bon/).

114 TRICHOMANES.

Obs. Closely allied as are the genera Hymenophyllum and Trichoimnes,
it is rare that one has a difficulty in recognizing them; and yet it is not
easy to point out the characters in few words. In our present genus, Tri-
chomancs, the involucres are mostly suhcylindrical, narrow-urceolate, the
mouth spreading, entire, or cut into two short, usually spreading lips, which,
when a little elongated, afford the character o{ Didyrnoglossum of Desvaux;
their texture is firm and suhcoriaceous, yet cellular ; they are often quite
sunk or immersed in the segment of the frond, in two or three instances ar-
ranged in distichous spikes. Receptacles filiform and not only exserted,
hut sometimes very much protruded, so as to be several times longer than
the involucre: and, either often varying on the same plant, or, by their great
fragility, easily broken away and then apparently short. The fronds are
more generally erect, as far as can be judged from the dried specimens,
and I am not aware that, except in a very few instances, the margins of the
segments are ever toothed or serrated, as is common in Hijmenophyllum :
but the characters now mentioned are not invariably constant. The spe-
cies are I think more remarkable for beauty of form and delicacy of texture
than even those of Hymenophyllum.

Subgen, 1. Hymenostachys. Sterile and fertile fronds dissimi-
lar. Involucres arranged in distichous spikes and connate for
their ivhole length. Sterile fronds ivith reticulated veins. Hy-
menostachys, Bory.

1, T. elegans, Rudge ; tufted, sterile fronds much shorter
than the fertile ones broadly lanceolate pinnatifid the seg-
ments nearly horizontal lanceolate subfalcate serrated often
caudate and proliferous at the apex, veins reticulated, spike
broad-linear acuminated constituting a compact membrane,
the margins formed by the connate sunk cylindrical involu-
cres.— Rndge, Guian. p. 24, /. 35, [e.vcl. the fertile frond of
T. spicatum). Hook. Gen. Fil. t. 108, {not Exot. Fl.) Hy-
menostachys diversifrons, Bory in Diet. Class. Hist. Nat. viii.
p. 462, cum Ic.

Hab. Guiana, Martin, Poiteau, Schomburgk, n. 1030. Gorgona and
coast of Panama, and Pacific side of Central America, i^arc/ay, Cuming, n.
1127. — Fertile frond or spike 6 — 8 or 10 inches long, nearly + an inch wide,
with forked transverse veins and closely united involucres forming the edge
on each side, which is again, as it were, fringed with the copious slender
elongated filiform receptacles, resembling coarse hairs. Stipes nearly equal
in length to the spike. Sterile frond a span long : its stipes 2 — 3 inches. —
A most elegant and remarkable species, first described and figured by Rudge
in the work above quoted : but a spike of the following species was unfor-
tunately considered to belong to the same plant, and added to it by the ar-
tist. In other respects the representation is excellent. Sometimes the rachis
runs out at the apex into a long tail, which roots and becomes proliferous.

Subgen. II. Feea. Sterile and fertile fronds dissimilar. Invo-
lucres arranged in distichous spikes, but free to the rachis for
their whole length. Sterile fronds ivith free pinnated veins.
Feea, Bory.
2. T. spicatum, "R. Hedw.;" tufted, sterile fronds shorter

TRICIIOMANKS. 1 1 ;>

than the fertile ones broadly lanceolate pinnatifid, the seg-
ments nearly horizontal oblong sinuato-crcnatc, veins ])in-
naled, spike linear witli dislichous free urceolate stipitale
involucres. — T. elegans, Riidye, I. c. fin part, apike only J.
Hook. E.vot. Ft. I. 52. T. spicisoruni, Desv. T. osmundi-
oides, Bory. Feea polypodina, Bory in Did. Sc. Nat. cum Jr.
Hab. Guiana, Martin. St. Vincent, L. Gnilding. Trinidad, Lockharf.
Guadeloupe, (lionj). Woods of Portland, Jamaica, Purdie. — General lia-
bit of the precediufi^, one half or two thirds the size. Rachis pinnated, as
it were, with closely-placed but unconnected involucres.

3. T. nanum, Bory ; " fronds pinnated, pinnules ovate,
spikes slender." Bory in Diet. Class. Hist. Nat. cum Ic.

Hab. Guiana, Poiteau. — This I only know from authentic specimens in
Mr. Reward's collection, one of which he has been kind enouf^h to pive me.
It is much smaller than the latter, and differs in the sterile fronds being
pinnate, especially below, instead of pinnatilid : the involucres are more
remote, less patent, and their rachis is sterile and membranaceous at the
apex: while the rachis of the barren frond is often lengthened out into a
long creeping and proliferous cauda.

Subgen. III. EuTRicHOMANES. Sterile and fertile fronds simi-
lar or nearly so. Involucres never spicule.

* Fronds entire, lobed or digitate. (Sp. 4. — 19).

■f Veins radiating from the base or fiahellate, dichotomous, rarely and only

very partially reticulated. Caudex creeping. (Sp. 4 — 8).

4. T. reniforme, Forst. ; fronds coriaceous almost horny
when dry reniform entire with a deep sinus below, the base
decurrent on a long stipes, involucres copious crowded mar-
ginal terminating almost every vein cuneato-cup-shaped, co-
lumella exserted clavate clothed to the top with capsules. —
Forst. Prodr. n. 462. " Hedw. Fit. cum Ic^ Sw. Stpi. Fil.
p. 141. WiUd. Sp. PL \.p. 49.9. Hook, et Grev. Ic. Fil. t. 31.

Hab. New Zealand, Banks and Solander, Forsier and all travellers. — Cau-
dex creeping, very long. Fronds 4 — 5 inches broad, semi-pellucid, some-
what fleshy when recent. V^eins beautifully radiating from the base, rather
close, dichotomous, occasionally anastomosing.

5. T. memhranaceum, L. ; caudex creeping tomenlose,
fronds rather small sessile thin membranaceous suborbicular
or obovate and cuneate or cordate at the base, margins entire
often deeply incised bordered with double peltate scales,
involucres copious sunk cylindrical attenuated below, the
mouth 2-lipped, veins flabelliform dichotomous crowded dis-
tinct, reticulations minute. — Linn. Sp. PL p. loOO. Sn\ Fl.
Ind. p. 1724. Syn. Fil. p. 141. Willd. Sp. PL v. ;/. 499.
Hook. Exot. Flora, t. 7t>. Filix Hemionitis, &c., Pliik. Am.
t. 285, /; 3. Plum. Fil. t. \i)\,f. A.

I 2

110 TRICHOMANES.

Hab. West Indian Islands, abundant on the trunks of trees, Swartz and
others. — Fronds varying much in size, from 1 — 3 inches long, and often
as much broad, cordate or cuneate at the base and sometimes much attenu-
ated, the margin entire or erose or cut and jagged, or more or less deeply
incised ; the barren plants, more especially, fringed with ciirious, nearly or-
bicular, membranaceous, peltate scales, lying flat upon the edge in pairs,
one on each side and placed back to back. These are situated between the
veins, alternate with them, so that they cannot be supposed in any way to
be abortive involucres. Besides the usual flabellate veins of this group,
there are intermediate very slender ones, parallel with them, between which
the reticulations appear also arranged in lines parallel with them. One of
the most delicate and elegant of Ferns.

6. T. punctatum, Poivet; caudex creeping toraentose,
fronds small imbricating sessile simple orbiculari-cordate or
obovate and obtuse at the base shortly petiolate crenato-lo-
bate with marginal stellated hairs, the lobes obtuse, veins
compact flabellate dichotomous, involucres few exserted free
cylindrical attenuated below the mouth 2-lipped, receptacle
a little exserted. — Poiret, in Encycl. Bot. viii. p. 64. Kaulf.
Emim. Fil.p. 201. Hook, et Gre'v. Ic. Fil. t. 236.-/3. base of
the frond sometimes cuneate. T. sphenoides, Kze. in PI.
Crypt. Poepp. p. 102, {excl. si/n. of Hooker).

Hab. Martinique, Poiret. Guadeloupe, {Kaulfuss). Trinidad, Lovk-
hart. Gorgona, Pacific side of Central America, Barclay. Guiana, C.'S.
Parker. — j3. Peru, Paeppvj. — Poeppig's T. sphenoides, according to his spe-
cimen in my herbarium, only differs from T. punctatum in the cuneate base
of the fronds.

7. T. reptans, Sw. ; caudex creeping tomentose, fronds
small erect simple cuneato-ovate entire inciso-pinnatifid ta-
pering into an elongated slender stipes, margin with a few
stellated hairs, veins flabellate compact dichotomous, involu-
cres few exserted cylindrical attenuated below 2-lipped at the
mouth, receptacles included. — Sw. Fl. Ind. Occ. p. 1727.
Syn. Fil. p. 142. Willd. Sp. PI. v. p. 501. Hedw. Fil. cum
Ic. Hook, et Grev. Ic. Fil. t. 32. — T. hymenodes, Hedw. Fil.
cum Ic? Phyllitis scandens &c. Sloane, Jam. i. t. 27,/. 1.

Hab. Jamaica, Swartz, Macfadyen. St. Vincent, L. Guildiny. Cuba,
Poeppig. — Scarcely exceeding an inch or an inch and a half high, includ-
ing the stipes, and allied to T. punctatum, especially to var. /3., but distin-
guished by the long slender stipes. The figures in Hedwig's Fil. above
quoted, it must be confessed, are both of them very unsatisfactory : the
central costa represented would induce me to refer thetn to T. muscoides ;
but the prominent involucres indicate a greater affinity with T. reptans.

8. T. Bojeri, Hook, et Grev. ; caudex creeping more or
less tomentose, fr-onds small erect simple flabelliform mem-
branaceous lobed, the margins quite glabrous, lobes rounded
subcrenate soriferous, veins flabellate dichotomous rather dis-
tant, involucres subcylindrical attenuated at the base wholly

TRICIIOMANES. 117

sunk in the frond, the mouth dilated concave scarcely 2-li])-
ped, receptacles much exscrted, stipes ehmgated. — Huok. et
Grev. Ic. FlL t. 155. T. undulutum, IVall. Cat. n. UiO.

Uab. Mauritius, Bojer, WalUch, Nhaud. — At lirst si}^lit this nii(,'lit al-
most be mistaken lor large sjiecimens of T. re/>t<ni.i ; but the Iroiul is more
flabelliform, tapering into a longer stipes, the involucres are <iuitc sunk or
immersed in the fronds aud the receptacles are cxserted.
ff Fronds with a central casta or rib, pinnated uith simple or dicholmnous
obi i(/ lie veins. {Sp. 9 — 12).

9. T. muficoides, Sw. ; caudex crcc']niig tonicnt()S(>, fronds
small erect simple everywhere glabrous oblong or oblongo-
lanceolate obtuse cinieatc and nearly sessile sinuato-])innali-
fid with an intramarginal vein, reticulations in paralk-l lines
minute, involucres cuneate wholly sunk, the mouth spreading
scarcely 2-lipped, receptacles slightly exserted. — Sw. Ft. Ltd.
Occ. p. 1726. Syfi. Fil. /?. 141. WUld. Sp. PL v. p. 500.
Hook, et Grev. Ic. Fil. t. 179, [e.vcl. .^ijn. T. hyraenodes,
Hedw.)

Hab. West Indies. Jamaica and Hispauiola, Swartz, Wiles and Ilig-
son. Dominica, C. S. Parker. St. Vincent, L. Guildimj. Java, Zollin-
ger, in Herb. Heward. — An elegant and very delicate species, 2 — 3 inches
high. The venation is not flabellate, but approaching to it; there is a cen-
tral vein or costa whence the lateral veins diverge at very oblique angles,
and are rather close, simple or dichotomous. The species is well markefl,
especially by the intramarginal vein to which the lateral veins from the eos-
ta are united. Involucres wholly sunk ; the mouth very wide, level with
the margin.

10. T. erosumy fVilld.; " caudex filiform creeping dilated
at the apex laciniated and irregularly pinnatifid, ])rincipal
veins forked secondary simple slender." P. de Beativ. Fl.
Oware et Benin, ii. p. 79, t. 109,/ 3. IVilld. Sp. PI. p. 501.

Hab. Oware and Benin, Western Africa, licauvois. — The figure is not a
very satisfactory one, but resembles a narrow form of T. viuscoides.

11. T. pusilUtm, Sw. ; caudex creeping tomentose, fronds
small erect crowded oblong or cuneate tapering into a short
stipes subbipinnalifido-lobate costate with oblicpie diciioto-
mous subpinnated veins, margins with stellated l)airs, involu-
cres cylindrical tapering 2-lipped half sunk in the apex of a
lobe, columella slightly exserted. — Hedw. Fil. cum Ic. Sw.
Sijn. Fil. p. 142. Wiild. Sp. PI. v. p. 499. Didymoglussum
pusillum, Desv.

Hab. Jamaica, Sivartz. Trinidad, /.ocA-Ad)/. — Allied to T. inuscoidcs,
especially in the veining and reticulation; but it is smaller, narrower, with
a more tapering base, and with involucres which are half exserted.

12. T. apodiint, Ilook. et Grev.; caudex creeping very to-
mentose, fronds minute sessile cordato-rotmulale decjily and

118 TRICHOMANES.

broadly lobed, the lobes obtuse sinuate with stellated hairs in
the sinuses, reticulations irregular, veins pinnated remote sub-
dichotomous, involucres rare solitary terminal quite exserted,
subcylindrical attenuated below 2-lipped at the mouth, re-
ceptacles three or four times as long as the involucres. — Hook,
et Grev. Ic. Fil. t. 117.

Hab. Barbadoes, C. S. Parker, Esq. — A very distinct species, though at
first sight resembling T. punctatiim ; but different in texture, the reticula-
tion being of the ordinary kind, and the venation not flabellate as in the
species just mentioned.

tff Fronds ivith only a solitary central vein or cosla in each segment.
(Sp. 13—19).

13. T. parvulum, Poir. ; caudex creeping densely matted
tomentose, fronds reniform or rotundato-cuneate stipitate in-
ciso-palmate glabrous, segments linear obtuse eraarginate or
bifid, involucres terminal sunk subturbinate, the mouth spread-
ing obscurely 2-lipped, receptacles slightly exserted. (Tab.
XXXIX. A.) — Poir. Encycl. Bot. viii. p. 44. Bliime, En.
Fil. Jav. p. 22.3. T. sibthorpioides, Bory, in Willd. Sp. PL
V. p. 498.

Hab. Bourbon, Bory, Pniret. Java, Blume. Philippine Islands, Cu-
ming, n. 256. Moluccas, Gaudichaud. IS! evi Ireland, Barclay. Madagas-
car, Dit Petit Thouars. — An elegant little species, resembling some palmated
Junyermannia, especially our J.Jlahellata, with a comparatively short stipes,
but little longer than the frond.

14. T. proliferum^ Bl. ; caudex creeping downy much en-
tangled, stipes elongated bearing fronds which are proliferous
from their axils and which are subreniform or cordate deeply
divided palmate or almost digitate, the segments linear and
often again divided obtuse, involucres subcylindrical quite
sunk, the mouth spreading obscurely 2-lipped. (Tab. XXXIX.
B.) Bl. En. Fil. Jav. p. 224.

Hab. Trunks of trees, Java, Blume. Luzon, Cuming, n. 209. — A very
remarkable plant, for the stipes is branched or proliferous ; that is, from the
base or axis of the frond, or sometimes from below the base, the stipes is
extended and again bears one or more fronds. It is allied in the fronds
themselves to T. parvulum, but larger, more deeply divided, so as to be of-
ten almost digitate.

15. T. minutum, Bl. ; " frond (subbinate or ternate) on a
long stipes, leaves petiolate nearly round cuneate at the base
inciso-palmate glabrous, segments linear obtuse bifid." Bl.
En. Fil. Jav. jj. 223.

Hab. Mossy trunks of trees in mountains, Java, Blume. — Blame observes
that this differs from T. parvulum in the longer stipes of the frond, in the
latter being more cuneate at the base, the segments generally bifid or bi-
partite;" but from his term, " frond subbinate or ternate," which exprcs-

TUICIIOMANF.S. 1I!»

sioii the same author emphns in his character of T. proltferuin, it is perliai)-*
very nearly allied to that species : and indeed under that (7". prnllferum) lie
remarks "u praecedeutibus {T. p'lrvttlum et T. uiinutum) differt lai-iniis pin-
nalifidis."

1(). T. hi/oliuttt, Bl. ; " frond on :i long stii)cs hinato-con-
jugate rhonibt'o-ovate tii])artite glabrous, segments cuiieate
trinicate sublriCul erose at the apex." Ul. En. Fil. Jar. p. 2-24.

Hab. Mossy trunks of trees, mountains of Java, Blumc. — " An potius
var. T. proliferi, nob. ? "

17. T. digitdtuin, S\v. ; caudex creeping hairy, fronds sti-
pitate linear digitate dichotomons, the segments linear elon-
gated the margins setose, involucres cuneato-cupsha])ed coni-
})ressed shortly 2-lipped quite sunk, receptacle elongated. —
Sw. Sipi. Fil. p. 370 and 422. T. lanceum, Bon/ in IVilld.
Sp. PI. V. p. 501. Sieh. Syn. Fil. n. 81. Hook, 'et Grev. Ic.
Fil. t. 33.

Hab. Mauritius and Bourbon, Bory^ Sieber, Telfair. Java, Blume. —
Blunic observes that the specimens of Java differ from the Mauritius ones
in the broader fronds with more numerous segments, which are again more
frequently bitid. Our specimens have the fronds with 2 — 4 segments, of
a (lurk lurid green color when dry.

Dubiims Species of the section " entire, lobed or dii/ilatc fronds^

18. T.Jl(ibcllatuni,Jiory; " frond cuneato-flabellatc, seg-
ments dichotoinously furcate." Bori/ in Da per re ij, J oi/. Dot.
p. 281. T. Flabellula, WUrv. Fl. Isles Malouines in M6t)i.
Sac. Linn., iv. p. 597.

Hab. Falkland Islands, D'Urville, Gaudichaxid. — :M. Bory dc St. Vin-
cent observes that "M. Gaudichaud detected this in the Falkland Islands
as well as M. D'Urville, but that he confounded it with his Hi/mennphi/l-
lum coEspitosum. We have not seen the fructification, but its resemblance
to T. sibthorpioides, nob. in Willd., induces us to refer the plant of M. d'Ur-
ville to this genus. Its stipes is filiform, simple, 5 — 6 lines high, ex-
panding into a small (labellate frond, wedge-shaped below, divided into
two small segments, which again are thrice forked, spreading, the apices
acute. It is ])rincipally this hitter character which distinguishes T. flabel-
lata from T. sibthorpioides. It grows in dense tufts and becomes black in
drying." Bori/. DUrville himself says of it, " extremitates subradicautes.
T. sibthorpioidi vicinum.''

19. T. cuspidatum, Willd.; "fronds ovate aciuninate ob-
tuse sti])itate, base sinuato-subtruncate coarsely crenate and
undulate." JVi/ld. Sp. PL v. p. 499.

I lab. Bourl)on, Flugge. — " Stipes 4 lines long, compressed, clothed with
small paleaceous seta^. Frond an inch long or less, ovate or oblong, cune-
ate or truncate at the base, attenuated and obtuse at the apex, the margin
deeply and obtusely crenate, undulated, membranaceous, ncrvoso-veined,
soriferous towards the apex and at the margin."

120 TKICHOMANES.

** Fronds piniiatijid, in T. Kaulfussii and T. brachypus almost bipinna-
tifid. {Sp. 20—28).

20. T. intramarginale. Hook, et Grev. ; caudex creeping
somewhat tonientose, fi-ODcls small erect pinnatifid tapering
into a short stipes, the segments few hnear-oblong obtuse
erecto-patent slightly waved opaque with a slender intramar-
ginal vein, the apices retuse, involucres subcylindrical taper-
ing at the base sunk entirely in the apex of the segments, the
mouth spreading of 2 short lips, receptacles included (?). —
Hook, et Grev. Ic. Fit. t.21l.

Hab. Ceylon, {Dr. Lindley). — Ps. small plant, 1— H inch high. I have
received this, and but few specimens, only from Dr. Lindley, gathered pro-
bal)ly by jNIacrae. The receptacles appear to be included, but they are per-
liaps broken away.

21. T. Krausii, Hook, et Grev.; caudex creeping very to-
nientose, fronds small oblong sessile or stipitate obtuse at the
base or cuneate and attenuated deeply pinnatifid almost to the
racliis, the segments linear-oblong obtuse sinuate or some-
times again pinnatifid stellato-pilose in the sinuses, involucres
subcylindrical attenuated at the base much sunk in the frond
2-lipped, the lips large semiorbicnlar exserted generally mar-
gined with red. — Hook, et Grev. Ic. Fil. t. 149.

Hab. Dominica, Dr. Kraus. St. Vincent, L. Guildinrj. Trinidad, Lock-
hart. Guiana, Leprieur. Berbice, Schomhurgk. Porto Rico, Bertero.
Guadeloupe, {Herb. Delessert et Heward). Jamaica, Purdie. — An elegant
species. Fronds 1 — 3 inches high : the larger specimens have sometimes
the segments again slightly and irregularly pinnatifid.

22. T. quercifolium, Hook, et Grev. ; caudex creeping to-
nientose, fronds small obovate or oblong- cuneate tapering into
a very short downy stipes deeply pinnatifid, the segments
spreading oblong obtuse sinuated stellato- hirsute in the si-
nuses soriferous at the apex, involucres wholly exserted sub-
cylindrical attenuated at the base 2-lipped, lips large semi-
orbicular margined with purple. ^Hook. et Grev. Ic. Fil. t.
115. T. montanum, Hook. Ic. PL t. 187.

Hab. Woods, Esracraldas, El Equador, at an elevation of 8500 feet above
the level of the sea, Jameson. — Distinguished from T. Krausii by the less
divided segments and wholly exserted involucres, still larger lips and pro-
truiled receptacles.

23. T. sinuosum. Rich.; caudex creeping, fronds lanceolate
pinnatifid in a greater or less degree tapering into a stipes,
the segments ovate or oblong obtuse sinuato-lobate scarcely
again pinnatifid hairy at the margin and frequently on the
veins beneath, involucres entirely sunk in the lateral teeth or
lobes of the segments urceolate, the mouth spreading obscure-

TIUCIIOMANKS. 121

Iv S-lippecl, receptacles filiform inucli exscrtcd. — liich. in
iVilhl. Sp. PI. V. p. 502. r.a>n. Illustr. I. 871,./: 1. Hook, el
Crev. Iv. Fit. t. 13. T. (puMciioliiini, Desi\ in lierl. Mat/, v.
;). 328, {not Hook, el Grev.) Bonj in Did. Sc. Nat. cum Ic.

Ha]). Guaileloupe and olht-r West Iiulian Islands, fre(|iicnt. Peru,
Poepphj. — From 4 — 9 inches lii};li, very thin, nieinbranaceous and pellucid.

24. T. incisnm, Kaulf. ; caiulex creeping, fronds lanceolate
acuminate clcc])ly i^innatilid hairy at the margin and espe-
cially on the veins beneath, tajiering into a short sti]ies, invo-
lucres in the lobes of the segments nrceolatc entirely sunk,
the mouth si)reading obscurely 2-lip})ed, rcce])taclcs fdifbnn
much exsertcd. — Kaulf. En. Fil. p. 2C1. Bonj in ])u/)crrri/.s
Voif. I3ot. p. 282, t. 38, yi 1. T. sinuosi plunta Junior, Knze.

Hab. St. Catherine, Brazil, Macrae, Becchey, Tweedie. S. Brazil, Cha-
misso. Rio, Dmujlas ; at San Gaetano, Gardner, n. 5326. — Kaulfuss first
doscriltcd this species, and was at some pains to distinguish it from T. si-
nuosinn, to which, it must be confessed, it is too nearly allied. It diflfcrs in
the more delicate texture, more hairy fronds, which are more attenuated at
the apex, with long^er, deeper, and more divided so<^ments, always more or
less glaucous : and the characters now mentioned are constant in my speci-
mens from several localities.

25. T. Ankersii, Parker in Hook, et Grev. Ic. Fil. ; caudex
exceedingly long creeping more or less tomentose, fronds nu-
merous distant nearly sessile broadly lanceolate subacuminate
obtuse at the base deeply pinnatifid, the segments oblong ob-
tuse angulato-dentate the lowermost sometimes auricled at
the base or subpinnatifid, involucres subcylindrical pedicel-
late from the apex of a tooth and solitary at the superior base
of each segment or numerous along the margins. — Hook, et
Grev. Ic. Fil. /. 201.

Hab. Trunks of trees, British Guiana, C. S. Parker. — Allied in habit to
T. hravhypus, but very distinct, with the segments undivided. Caudex
cree])ing apparently to a very great length, 2 feet and proV.ably nnuh more,
simple or branched. Fronds numerous but distant, 3 — t inches to a span
long, membranaceous yet tolerably firm, turning nearly black in drying.
Veins pinnated, simple. Receptacles long, much exsertcd.

20. T. hrachijpufi, Kze. ; caudex much elongated creeping,
trends numerous nearly sessile flaccid ])rocumbent, ovato-ob-
long bipinnatifid, the segments all patent, jirimary divisions
oblong, secondary bi-trifid, segments rather acute costa root-
ing, involucres terminal on the ultimate segments cylindrical
attenuated at the base completely exsertcd and jicdicellatc,
the mouth short spreading scarcely 2-lii)ped, the receptacles
fdiform much exsertcd. — Kze. PI. Cn/pl. Poopp. p. 105. T.
radicans. Hook, el Grev. I. 218 {e.rcl. syn.), not Suarlz. Mo-
ri can d in Herb. liras.

124 TRICHOMANES.

small lanceolate bipinnatifid glabrous margined, the segments
linear obtuse entire, involucres axillary oblong cylindrical
quite free but with a narrow wing on each side, and the mouth
with 2 short rounded h\)S, rachis winged above. — Forst. Prod,
n. 464. Hedw. Fit. cum Ic. Sw. Spn. Fll. p. 143 and 371.
Willd. Sp. PL V. p. 507. Hook, et Grev. Ic. Fil. t. 35. T.
minutulum. Gaud, in Freyc. Voi/. p. 377, t. 12,/. 2 ? — ^. in-
volucres strongly winged or sunk in the frond.

Hab. Society Islands, Forster. OtaliciLe, Menzies, Mathews, n. 21) (un-
der the name of T. Jloribundum). Pacific Islands, Bccclwii, Nightimjaie.
Luzon, Cuming, n. 98. — /3. Waimate, Bay of Islands, New Zealand, A.
Cunningham, 1838, Dr. Sinclair, J. D. Hooker. — A distinct species, 2 — 3
inches high, including the short stipes, with a distinctly thickened margin
to the frond, and supraaxillary involucres, sometimes free or slightly wing-
ed, sometimes sunk in the frond.

33. T. pyxidiferum, L. ; fronds rather small oblong-ovate
bitripinnatifid sometimes scarcely winged below (and then
pinnate) membranaceous pellucid not margined somewhat
glossy, the segments linear glabrous entire often emarginate
at the apices, involucres solitary axillary wholly sunk subcy-
lindrical attenuated at the base opening above into a broad
concave scarcely 2-lipped mouth, receptacles very long filiform
much exserted, stipes winged or margined above rarely naked.
— Linn. Sp. PI. p. 1561. Sw. Fl. lud. Occ. p. 17S9. Syn.
Fil. p. 143. Willd. Sp. PI. V. p. 508. Hedw. Fil. cum Ic.
Hook, et Grev. Ic. Fil. t. 206. T. pedicellatum, Besv. {ac-
cording 1o Sprenyel). T. lacerum, " Desv. Journ. Bot. iii. t.
10." T. Brasiliense, Desv. in Mem. Soc. Linn. ii. p. 328, t.
7, /". 4. Plum. Fil. t. 50, E. — &. more divided, the numerous
seg-ments crowded. — y. fronds equally divided with &., the
segments broader.

Hab. West Indian Islands, as it would appear, frequent, Swartz, 4-c.
YixAzW, Raddi and others. 0. Organ mountains, Brazil, Gardner, «. 206.
Maynas, Peru, Poeppig. y. Casapi, Peru, Mathews. — A variable plant ;
but the usual form is correctly represented in the ' Icoues Filicum ' above
quoted.

34. T. Filicula, Bory ; caudex creeping clothed with dense
black down, fronds rather small opaque ovato-lanceolate bi-
pinnatifid, the segments linear rather acute entire compactly
cellular, involucres solitary supraaxillary cylindrical tapering
at the base wholly sunk or winged at the sides the mouth with
2 large nan'ow ovate or subtriangular acute lips nearly as long
as the tube, stipes broad compressed winged above. — Bory
in Duperrey''s Voy. Bot. i. p. 283. T. bilabiatuni, Nees in
Nov. Act. Cur. 1823, t. 13, f. 2, {excluding the synonyms).
T. bilingue, Menz. in Herb. Hook. J. Sni. in En. Fil. PJn-
lipp. {name only). T. bipunctatum, Poir. T. melanotrichum,

riMCllOMANES. 125

Schlechi. Fil. Cap. in LinNCBn, x. p. 553. Ilynienopliyllmn
Filicula, Bon/ in Willd. Sp. PL v. 528. H. alatum, Srhkh.
Fil. p. I'SS, /. 135, b. {('.vol. the sipi. of Smith and S^varlz),
excellent. Didynioglossum decipicns, Desr. in Mem. Soc.
Linn. Par. ii. p. 330, /. 7,/. 3, ejxl. si/n). D. Filicula, Desv.
I. c.p. 331.

Hah. Maurilius and IJourbon, liory, Tilfair, Bi>jrr. Ceylon, Mrs. Gcnl.
Walker, Macrae. Bonin, {llerh. Imp. Acad. Pctrop.) Nepal, Wallicli.
Nilglierries, Sir Fred. Adams. E. Indies, llcrh. Wight, propr. n. 3478 ««</
l.'iO. Luzon, Cuming, n. 2. Coral Islands, Ik-echey. Olabeite, Jiennclt.
S. AlYicii, Dregc. — Apparently a general inhabitant of the East Indies ;
strangely conloundcd with our Irish T. radicatis {llipncnopln/Uuin alatum,
Sni.) by vSelikuhr, and little understood by botanists in general. Frond 2
— 4 or 5 inehes high, more or less dense in its ramilications or divisions, al-
ways very opaque, when dry of a dingy brownish or olive green, the lips of
the sunk iuvolueres singularly large and tapering to a rather aeute point.

35. T. radicans, Sw. ; caudex very long more or less to-
tncntose, fronds ovate or oblong acnniinate erect rather firm
membranaceous hi-tri-quadripinnatifid dark green and opaque
(when dry) primary divisions ovate or lanceolate cuneate at
tlie base, the segments linear-oblong rather short obtuse emar-
ginate or bifid, involucres supraaxillary cylindrical tapering
below sunk in the more or less narrow short segments and
hence more or less winged at the sides, the mouth scarcely
spreading imperfectly or shortly 2-lipped sometimes wider
than the tube, receptacles (when perfect) filiform many times
longer than the tube, stipes short or long tereti-compressed
winged nearly to the base sometimes broadly so. — Stv. Fl.
Ind. Occ.p. 173C. Si/n. Fil. p. 143. JVilld. Sp. Pl.v.p. 513.
Klotzsch in Herb. Reg. Berol. et in Herb. Hook, {not Hook,
et Grer. Ic. Fil. t. 218). T. scandens, Hedw. Fil. cum Ic.
{tolerably good), e.vcl. most of the syn. Raddi, Fil. Bras. p.
05, {e.vcl. most of the syn. Martens et Galeotti,Fil. Mex.p.
80. T. diaphanum, H. B. K. Nov. Gen. Am. \. p. 25. T.
ambiguuni, Sieb. Syn. Fil. n. 143. T. anceps, JVall. Cat.n.
1()G, {not Hook.) t. umbrosum, Wall. Cat. n. 165. T. spe-
ciosum, Willd. Sp. Pi. \. p. o\4. T. pyxidiferum, Hitds. Fl.
Anyl. p. 4G1, {not Linn.) T. brevisetum, Br. in Hort. Kew.
ed. 2, V. p. 529. T. alatum, Hook, in Fl. Lond. n. ser. iv. /.
53, {not Sw.) T. Europa)um, Sm. in Bees' Cycl. T. Hiber-
nicum, Spr. Ilymcnophyllum rupeslre, Raddi, Fil. Bras. p.
67, t. 80, (81 in te.vt). II. alatum, Sm. in E. Bot. M 41 7, {not
Schknhr, Fil. t. 135, b.) Willd. Sp. PL v. p. 52t>. II. Tun-
bridgense, ^. Sm. Fl. Brit. p. 1142. Didymoglossiun ala-
tum, Desv. — Filix humilis repens, &c. Dill, in Raii Syn. p.
127, t.f 3 {barren, very good) and f. 4.
Hab. Jamaica, Swartz, Bancroft, Purdie and others ; (true form, fronds

124 TRICHOMANES.

snuill lanceolate bipinnatifid glabrous margined, the segments
linear obtuse entire, involucres axillary oblong cylindrical
quite free but witli a narrow wing on each side, and the mouth
with '2 short roundi-d li])s, rachis winged above. — Forst. Prod,
n. 404. Hedw. Fil. cum Ic. Sw. Sj/n. Fil. p. 143 and 371.
JVilld. Sp. PL V. p. 507. Hook, et Grev. Ic. Fil. t. 35. T.
minutuluni, Gaud, in Freyc. Vot/. p. 377, t. 12,/. 2 ? — ^. in-
volucres strongly winged or sunk in the frond.

Hill). Society Islands, Forster. Olaheile, Mcnzies, Mathews, n. 2!) (uu-
ilor the nunie of T.Jlortbumlum). Paeific Islands, Berr/wi/, Nighthujaie.
Luzon, Cuming, n. 98. — /3. Waiinatc, Bay of Islands, New Zealand, A.
Cunningham, 1838, Dr. Sinclair, J. D. Hooker. — A distinct species, 2 — 3
inches hinjh, including the short stipes, with a distinctly thickened margin
to the frond, and supraaxillary involucres, sometimes free or slightly wing-
ed, sometimes sunk in the frond.

33. T. pyxidiferum, L. ; fronds rather small oblong-ovate
bitrii)innatifid sometimes scarcely winged below (and then
pinnate) membranaceous pellucid not margined somewhat
glossy, the segments linear glabrous entire often emarginate
at the apices, involucres solitary axillary wholly sunk subcy-
lindrical attenuated at the base opening above into a broad
concave scarcely 2-lipped mouth, receptacles very long filiform
much exserted, stipes winged or margined above rarely naked.
— Linn.Sp.Pl.p.XbQl. Sw. Fl. Ind. Occ. p. 1739. Syn.
Fil. p. 143. Willd. Sp. PI. V. p. 508. Hedw. Fil. cum Ic.
Hook, et Grev. Ic. Fil. t. 206. T. pedicellatum, Desv. [ac-
cording lo Sprenyel). T. lacenim, ^^ Desv. Journ. Bot. iii. t.
10." T. Brasiliense, Desv. in Mem. Sac. Linn. ii. p. 328, t.
7,/. 4. Plum. Fil. t. 50, E.— &. more divided, the numerous
segments crowded. — y. fronds equally divided with /3., the
segments broader.

Hab. West Indian Islands, as it would appear, frequent, Swart2, i$-c.
Brazil, Raddi and others. /3. Organ mountains, Brazil, Gardner, n. 206.
Maynas, Peru, Poe/j/jj^r. y. Casapi, Peru, Matlieivs. — A variable plant;
but the usual form is correctly represented in the ' Icones Filicum ' above
quoted.

34. T. Filicula, Bory ; caudex creeping clothed with dense
black down, fronds rather small opaque ovato-lanceolate bi-
pinnatifid, the segments linear rather acute entire compactly
cellular, involucres solitary supraaxillary cylindrical tapering
at the base wholly sunk or winged at the sides the mouth with
2 large nan-ow ovate or subtriangular acute lips nearly as long
as the tube, stipes broad compressed winged above. — Bory
in !)uperrcy\s Voy. Bot. i. p. 283. T. bilabiatura, Nees in
Nov. Act. Cur. 1823, t. 13, /. 2, {excluding the synonyms).
T. bilingue, Menz. in Herb. Hook. J. Sm. in. En. Fil. Phi-
lipp. {name only). T. bipunctatum. Pair. T. melanotrichum,

TKICllOMANES. 125

Schlecht. Fit. Cap. in Linnmn, x. p. 553. Hymenopliyllum
Filicula, Bory in WiUcL Sp. PI. v. 528. H. ulatuin, Schkh.
Fit. p. 13.'3, /. 135, b. [c.vcl. Hie si/n. of Sm/fh and Swarlz),
excellent. l)idymoglossuni decipicns, Desv. in M6m. Soc.
Linn. Par. ii. p. 330, /. 7,f. 3, e.vcl. syti). D. Filiciila, Desv.
I. c.p. 331.

Hal). Mauritius and Bourbon, Bory, Telfair, Bojer. Ceylon, Mrs. Genl.
Walker, Macrae. Bonin, {Ilerh. Imp. .icad. Petrnp.) Nepal, Wallich.
Nilgherries, Sir Fred. Adams. E. Indies, Ilerh. Wi(jht. propr. n. ZA7Sand
lAO. IjUZOu, Cumin(j,n. 2. Coral Islands, lieechcy. Otalieite, lieimelt.
S. Africa, Drege. — Apparently a general inliahitant of the East Indies;
strangely confounded with our Irish T. radicans (Ili/iueiiujilii/llujii alatum,
Sm.) i)y Schkubr, and little understood by botanists in general. Frond 2
— 4 or 5 inches high, more or less dense in its ramilications or divisions, al-
ways very opaque, when dry of a dingy brownish or olive green, the lips of
the sunk involucres singularly large and tapering to a rather acute point.

35. T. radicans, Sw. ; caudex very long more or less to-
meiitose, ironds ovate or oblong acnniinate erect rather fimi
membranaceous bi-tri-quadripinnatifid dark green and opaque
(when dry) primary divisions ovate or lanceolate cuneate at
the base, the segments linear-oblong rather short obtuse emar-
ginate or bifid, involucres supraaxillary cylindrical tapering
below siuik in the more or less narrow short segments and
hence more or less winged at the sides, the mouth scarcely
spreading imperfectly or shortly 2-lipped sometimes wider
than the tube, receptacles (when perfect) filiform many times
longer than the tube, stipes short or long tereti-compressed
winged nearly to the base sometimes broadly so. — Sw. Ft.
Ind. Occ.p. 173C. Syn. Fil.p. 143. Willd. Sp. Pl.w.p. 513.
Klotzsch in Herb. Reg. Berol. el in Herb. Hook, {not Hook,
et Grev. Ic. Fit. i. 218). T. scandens, Hedw. Fil. cum Ic.
[tolerably yood), e.vcl. most of the syn. Raddi, Fil. Bras. p.
C5, [e.rcl. most of the syn. Martens et Caleotii, Fil. Me.v. p.
80. T. diaphanum, H. B. K. Nov. Gen. Am. i. p. 25. T.
ambiguiun, Sieb. Syn. Fil. n. 143. T. anceps, Wall. Cat.n.
1C6, \not Hook.) T. umbrosum, Wall. Cat. n. 1C5. T. spe-
ciosum, Willd. Sp. PL v. p. 514. T. pyxidiferum, Hiids. Ft.
Anyl. p. 461, [not Linn.) T. brevisetum, Br. in Hort. Kew.
ed. 2, v. p. 529. T. alatum, Hook, in Fl. Lond. n. ser. iv. /.
53, {not Sw.) T. Europieum, Sm. in liees' Cycl. T. Hiber-
nicum, Spr. Hymenophyllum rupestre, Raddi, Fil. Bras. p.
67, /. 80, (81 in te.vt). H. alatiun, Sm. in E. Bot. t. 1417, [not
Scliknhr, Fil. i. 135, b.) Willd. Sp. PL v. p. 526. H. Tun-
bridgense, 0. S??!. Fl. Brit. p. 1142. Didymoglossum ala-
tum, Desv. — Filix humilis repens, &c. DHL in Raii Syn. p.
127, t.f. 3 [barren, very yood) and f. 4.
Hab. Jamaica, Swartz, Bancroft, Purdie and others ; (true fr)rm. fvonds

126 TRICHOMANES.

ovate or ovato-lanceolate 3 — 4-piunalifid, compact, 6 — 10 inches long, seg-
ments rather short ; stipes, even from the same caudex, varying from 1 — 5
inclies long and more or less winged). Woods above Port Stewart, Purdie;
(fronds barren, and perhaps a distinct species, broadly ov^te, more deeply
divided and spreading segments which are longer, narrower and linear ;
stipes li to 3 inches). Martinique, .SVeier ; (usual form). Brazil, Raddi,
Forbes, Macrae, Gardner, n. 203, Scolder, Sinclair, Vaulier, n. 165; fronds
sessile or nearly so, more elongated, 6 — 18 inches, primary divisions more
distant, segments generally longer and narrower, less spreading, involucres
sometimes more spreading at the mouth and rather more distinctly 2-lipped).
— Mexico; VeraCrnz, Linden ; (common form, fronds sessile and stipitate).
Xalapa, Galeolti, (elongated, fronds on short stipes, mouth of the iuvolucre
scarcely spreading, not 2-lipped, otherwise resembling the Brazilian form).
'r-Ahixsco, Linden ; (fronds scarcely tripiunatifid, H foot long, very black,
primary divisions remote, especially the lower ones, and extending almost
to the base, involucres with 2 rounded distinct lips, broader than the tube
of the involucre : perhaps a distinct species ?) — Forest of Esraeraldas, El
Equador, Col. Hall ; (fronds sessile resembling those from Brazil, but in-
volucres distinctly 2-lipped, as the preceding). — Sandwich Islands, Owhy-
hee, Menzics ; Oahu, Macrae, Doucjlas, Dicll ; (fronds more or less elon-
gated, of the normal form, sessile and stipitate, stipes sometimes 3 — 4 inches
long, involucres with and without lips). — Nepal, in tlie mountains, Wallich;
(fronds lanceolate and oblong-lanceolate, 4 inches to a foot long ; in other
respects resembling the usual structure ; involucres scarcely dilated up-
wards, without lips or very obscurely 2-lipped). — Europe ; Teneriffe, Brous-
sonet ; Madeira, Lowe and others. Azores, 2 — 3000 feet of elevation, Dr.
Hochstctter, H. C. Watson. England, very rare, at the head of a remark-
able spring, Belbank, 12 miles from Bingley, Yorkshire, Dr. Richardson,*
according to Dillenius, in Ray's ' Synopsis,' perhaps extinct. Powerscourt,
Miss Feiton, Dr. Wm. Stokes ; County of Wicklow, J. Nuttall, Esq. ; and
it has, I believe, been found recently in various localities in the south of
Ireland hy 3fr. Babingtoyi and Mr. Winterhottom ; (this form is ovate, com-
pact, almost exactly resembling the normal stale, but the stipes is more
elongated, sometimes 1 inch, generally 3 — 4 inches long, receptacles usu-
ally short or broken ; involucres without lips and not spreading at the
mouth, or with short moderately spreading ones). — Iveragh, Ireland, Sept.
1842, Wm. Andreirs, Esq. ; (fronds narrower and more elongated, 6 — 8 or 10
inches long, in other respects resembling the normal form ; fructifications
very copious, receptacles generally very much elongated; stipes 3 — 4 inches
long). — I regret to have been under the necessity of occupying so much
space in my attempts to unravel the difBculties which have always attended
the correct synonymy of one of our own most beautiful and rarest native
Ferns, and respecting which Sir J. E. Smith said, nearly thirty years ago,
that " few plants of almost any country have caused more enquiry, or more
diversity of opinion than this Fern."' Yet even Sir Jas. Smith did not sus-
pect that it was a plaut already, though imperfectly, described, of South
America, and even of Teneriffe and Madeira; nor has any one ventured to
publish it as the same to the present day, though I believe the probability
of identity has been suspected by several of our friends ; yet by no one so
much urged as by Mr. Andrews, who, from his having the good fortune
to discover a new habitat for a rather striking variety above mentioned,

* A specimen from him, but a very imperfect one, is in the Banksian
herbarium, now in the British Museum.

TUK'HOMANRS. 127

investigated, as far as lay in his power, and more closely tlian any one else,
the subject of its aflinily with some exotic species, and clearly insisted upon
it, in his letters to uic, at a time when I was disposed to entertain a difrey-
ent opinion. My own fern-herbarium affords so ample a suite of speci-
mens from various localities, both in the old and the new world, that I feel
a degree of confidence in the correctness of my views, and in the (jpinion
that the above mentioned kinds may be considered forms of one and the
same species. Two of them, namely the var. from Jamaica, (Purdic)
and that from Tabasco, Mexico {Linden) may possibly prove distinct, but
the former is quite barren, and the latter mip:ht, I think, without violence
to nature, be considered a strongly marked variety. Of the identity of the
ordinary West Indian form, and the lirst described, as well as that of Ne-
pal, and the specimens from the Azores, Canaries, and Madeira, there can
be no reasonable doubt: — and even with reu^ard to the sessile kind so com-
mon in Brazil, and of which a sterile frond is well rei)resented by Raddi,
(Fil. Bras. t. HO) ; the same is found in the Sandwich Islands, mixed
with the usual form, and having a greater or lesser length of stipes. The
more or less distinct lips to the involucres is also a variable character, even
in our British specimens, and remarkably so in the Sandwich Island ones.
Mr. Andrews observes that in his elongated variety from Iveragh, the re-
ceptacles do not lie flat on the segments as do those of Killarney, but turn
up from the back of the fronds very conspicuously, and are generally much
curved. This may be owing to their great length, and the greater or less
exposure to the light. Mr. E. Newman, who has devoted such zealous at-
tention to the Ferns of this country, remarked scattered " moniliform or
jointed scales" (or hairs) on the Irish Jj-jf/tomanes, not noticed by botan-
ists, and of whicJi he has prepared a wood-cut for the forthcoming new edi-
tion of his ' British Ferns.' They exist in a greater or less degree on the
specimens from other countries ; and indeed in other species of the genus
also.

36. T. Kunzeanum, Hook. ; caiidex long creeping, fronds
ample tall 3-4-pinnatifkl rather rigid very opaque almost black
when dry, primary and secondary segments remote arising
from slightly winged rachises (almost pinnate with the rachis
margined or winged), lowermost superior secondary ones ap-
pressed to the main rachis, ultimate segments rather short li-
near and undivided or somewhat cuneate and bifid, involucres
axillary or supraaxillary cylindrical slightly tapering at the
base quite free not winged scarcely spreading at the mouth
without distinct lips, receptacles much exserted, stipes very
long semiterete scarcely winged glabrous. (Tab. XXXIX. D.)
— T. radicans, Kze. in PL Crypt. Poepp. p. 106, {excl. si/n.)
— Adiantum scandens, &c.. Plum. Fil. t. 93 ?

Hab. Peru, on trees, Pangoa, Mathncs, n. 1088 ; Papayaco, Poeppig {in
Herb. iKistr.) Caraecas, Linden, n. \76. — Very distinct, but perhaps most
nearly allied to the preceding, on which account I place it in this section ;
for the margined, or only slightly winged rachis, would rather have induced
me to refer it to the division with the "fronds pinnated, pinna di eompound-
ly pinnatifid." It does not appear to be noticed by any author except
ivunze, who has referred it to T. radicans, Sw., the 7'. scandens, Hedw.,
from which it is in many respects totally difl"erent. The stipes is a span

128 TRICHOMANES.

long. Frond I foot to H foot, ovate in circumscription, rather rigid, eve-
rywhere quite black in the dry state and opaque, exhibiting very minute
semitransparent dots when held between the eye and the light and seen
through a magnifier; which dots arc the areolae of the reticulations. Di-
visions remote, superior secondary ones at the base of the primary ones ly-
ing against the rachis. Involucres quite free, not even winged. Plumier's
plant may perhaps be intended for the same species; but however excellent
that author's work is, for the period at which it was published, many of his
species cannot be determined by his figures. T have not seen the present
fern from any of the West Indian Islands ; only from three localities on
the continent of S. America.

37. T. (jlaiico-fuscnm, Hook. ; fronds rather tall oblongo-
lanceolate bipinnatifid glauco-fuscous when dry, primary di-
visions broad-lanceolate, the segments all acute linear simple
or forked, involucres supraaxillary on short segments partial-
ly sunk short-cylindrical attenuated at the base, the mouth
broad spreading scarcely 2-lipped, stipes filiform glabrous in-
distinctly winged except above. (Tab. XL. A.) Hook, in
Nighti II gale's Oceanic Sketches, App. p. 131.

Hab. Pacific Islands, Sir Thos. Nightingale. Penang, Ladrj Dalhousie.
Ceylon, Mrs. Genl. Walker. Philippine Islands, Cuming, n. 219. — A well
marked species. Stipes slender, filiform, only slightly winged above, 2 — 4
or 5 inches long. Frond 5 — 6 or 8 inches ; in a dried state at least always
of a brownish colour suffused with a glaucous tint, especially on the under
side.

Dubious Species of the Section decompound 1 1/ pinnatifid.

38. T. Guifteense, S\v. ; " fronds pinnate, pinnae oblong
decurrent inciso-pinnatifid, segments obtuse subserrate (.''),
costa and stipes margined." Sio. Si/n. Fil. p. 142. Willd. Sp.
PL v. p. 506. — Sierra Leone, Afzelms.

39. T. Arbnscula, Desv.; "fronds deeply bipinnatifid gla-
brous subimbricated subpinnatifid broader at the apex, ulti-
mate segments oblong obtuse, sori aggregate, receptacles
elongated, stipes winged." Desv. in Mem. Linn. Soc. Par. ii.
p. 236. — Guiana, {Desvaux). " Two inches high."

40. T. striatum, Don ; " frond bipinnate, pinnae alternate,
leaflets elliptical membranaceous pellucid pinnatifid, lobes
linear obtuse, rachis winged, involucres tubulose." Don,
Prodr. Fl. Nep. p. 11. — Nepal, Hamilton. — " Fronds a span
to a foot high ; fructiferous ones more opaque and cut into
narrower segments."

41. T. thnjoides, Desv.; " fronds decurrently tripinnatifid,
pinnae alternate, pinnules decurrent deeply pinnatifid, seg-
ments spreading at the apex subtrilobulate, rachis winged,
stipes somewhat angled crinite at the base." Desv. in Mem.
Linn. Soc. Par. p. 328. — Mauritius, {Desvaux). — " Fronds 8
— 10 inches; stipes 8 inches; pinnae 1|^ inch long."

TllICHOMANES. 129

42. T. albifm,B].; "frond })i])innatiful ovato-oblong slri-
gose wliitisli, ])inna' opjjositc or alternate cimcato-lanceolato
])iniiatifi(l, scgnienls cuncifonn incised uUiniate ones linear
snbbifid, rachis margined, stii)es terete glabrous." Bl. En.
Fil. Jar. p. 226. — Lofty mountains of Java, Blnme.

**** Fronds simphj jiinnutcd (S'p. 43 — .05).

Fronds tufted. Caudcv short creeping or none, {in T. crispum the caudex

is sometimes long creqnng and. the fronds remote). {Sp. 43 — 51).

43. T.JlorihiDitlum, II. B. K. ; fronds tufted erect tall sim-
ple (rarely) or pinnated, pinna; lanceolate spinuloso-serrate
upper ones decurrent, involucres urceolato-cylindrical co])i-
ous marginal u]>on the pinnic wholly exserted, the mouth
entire slightly s})reading, rachis sometimes prolonged at the
apex rooting and as well as the costa slightly hairy, stipes
long naked.— i/. B. K. in Willd. Sp. PL v. p. 505. Nor. Cot.
Aut. i. p. 25. Hook, et Grer. Ic. Fil. t. 9. T. pinnatum,
Sw. Siftt. Fil. p. 142. Hedic. Fil. cum Ic. T. rhizophyllum,
Car. Pnel. 1801, }i. 696. Su\ Si/n. Fil. p. 142.—^. Vitlaria;
frond linear-lanceolate very much elongated undivided. Split-
(jerher, Fil. Surin. in Tydschr. Nat. en Flnjsick. vii. p. 440.
T: Vittaria, DeCand. Herb. Poiret, Enci/cl. viii. p. 65. Hook.
in Loud. Journ. of Bot. i. p. 137, /. 5.

Hal). Orinoco, Ilnmholdt and Boupland. Guiana {Herb. Deless.), Schom-
buryk, C. S. Parker, Iluslmann, n. 6'd et 75. Dominica, Sieher. Barliadocs,
liaron de Sc/tach. Jamaica, Trinidad, &c. Guatemala, Skinner. Peru
Poeppiff. Brazil, Gardner, n. 190{) and 4073. — ^. Surinam, Splitgerher,
Hosttnann,7i.206. — One of the most splendid of this beautiful genus.
Roots coarse, fibrous, descending:. C'aude.K apparently none. Fronds 4
inches to li foot hit;h. Rachis sometimes running out far beyond the
frond and proliferous, rooting. Pinna; 2 — (> inches long, from 4 to 20, ter-
minal one often very much elongated, sometimes tlie lateral ones are whol-
ly abortive or wanting, and then the ]dant becomes T. Vittaria, DeCand.
and Hook., /. c, which 1 now agree with Splitgerher in considering a re-
markable state of T.Jlorihundum. It is a foot and a half and more long,
quite a simple frond, and, at first sight, very unlike the ordinary stale of
the plant. Veining close, forked ; veins when seen under a leus united by
slender transverse ones.

44. T. pennafnm, Kaulf ; "sterile fronds oblong pinnate
subsessile, pinnje oblong obtuse denticulate subimbricate, fer-
tile fronds rhomboid pinnated on a long stipes, pinna; linear
lowest ones obtuse the margins sjnnuloso-deuticulate, uj)per
pinnaj confluent, involucres exserted." Kan If. En. Fil. p.
264.

Hab. Cayenne, {KauJfnss). — I can see nothing in the author's characters
and description to justify the separation of this from T. florihnndum, and
yet so accurate a man as" Kaulfuss would hardly speak of it as " satis di-
versa," unless there were some really distinguishing marks.

K

130 TRICHUMANES.

45. T. Javanicum, Bl.; roots long coarse descending wiry
fibres, fronds tufted lanceolate rigid (black when dry) pin-
nated, pinn;e subpetiolate oblong obliquely cuneate at the
base obtuse at the apex inciso-subpinnatifid chiefly at the up-
per margin, involucres in the sinuses of the upper segments
of the pinna; generally solitary urceolate partially sunk, the
mouth entire not 2-lipped, stipes and slightly marginal rachis
setose.— Bliwie, En. Fil. Jav. p. 224. Hook, et Grev. Ic. Fil.
t. 240. T. rigidum, Wall. Cat. w. 161 (not Sw) T. setige-
rum. Wall. Cat. n. 158. T. rhomboideum, J. Sm. En. Fil.
Philipp. {name only). T. curvatum, J. Sm. I. c. [name only).
T. alatnm, Bory, in Duperrey, Voy. Bot. p. 282, t. 38, /. 2,
(not Sic.)

Hab. Shady places in Java, Blume. Cboppadong, E. Indies, and at Sin-
gapore, Dr. Wallich. Penang, Lady Dalhousic. Malay Islands, Barclay.
Philippine Islands, Cuming, n. 184 and 1G9. Oualan, D'Urville. — Few
species are better marked or more easily recognized than the present. It
is of a harsh and rigid texture, 8 or 10 inches to a foot high, including the
stipes. Pinnae an inch or more long, more or less incised, sometimes sub-
auriculate near the upper base. Veins close, parallel, stout. Whole plant
black in drying. — T.fuscum, Bl. (our next species) seems nearly allied to
this, but the midrib of the pinnae is described as paleaceo-hirsute on both
sides, and the rachis and stipes as clothed with ferruginous hairs.

46. T. fuscvm, Bl. ; " frond pinnated lanceolate diapha-
nous, pinnae alternate subsessile (upper ones adnate) oval ob-
tuse truncated at the base lobato-pinnatifid paleaceo-hirsute
on each side the costa, lobes incised, rachis margined above
and as well as the nearly terete stipes ferrugineo-hirsute."
Bl. En. Fil. Jav. p. 225.

Hab. Lofty mountains of Java, Blume.

47. T. crispum, L. ; fronds generally tufted from a short
stout creeping caudex but sometimes distant on a long creep-
ing one erect somewhat pilose or clothed with long copious
ferruginous hairs lanceolate pinnate, pinnae horizontal ob-
long obtuse obsciuely toothed upper ones coadunate, invo-
lucres several from the apices of the pinna) urceolato-cylin-
drical spreading at the mouth with two diverging \\\is, stipes
more or less hairy. — Li7in. Sp. PI. p. 1560. Stv. FL Ind. Occ.
iii. 73.1731. Syn.Fil.2J.i42. Willd. Sp. PL v. p. 504. Hediv.
Fil. cum Ic. Hook, et Grev. Ic. Fil. t. 12. T. fastigiatum,
Sieh. Syn. Fil. n. 144. T. cristatum, Kaulf. (large var.J En.
Fil. p. 265. T. pilosum, Raddi, Fil. Brasil, t. 79 (^80 in
iext),f. 1. Mart. Crypt. Bras. t. 68. T. longifolium, Besv.
(according to specimen). Plum. Fil. t. 86. T. pellucens ?
Kze.

TKICHOMANKS. 131

Hal). \\'(!st Indian Ishuuis, pmbahly crcneral, as well as iti tropical .South
Anioiica. IJrazil, Afartim, anr<lncr\v. -207, 208, and lOOH. IVni, Mn.
thews, n. 1788. Surinam, finstinanii, ». aO.'). — A well known and truly
splendid species. Stipes ;} — C) or (> iuelies; fronds 1 — 12 or M inches louff.
Lips of the involucres much divaricated, and sunk, as well as the tube, in
the substance of llie frond. Receptacles sometimes very lon<r, i — 5 times
the length of the involucres ; sometimes very short, probably broken ?

48. T. pellucens, Kze. ; "frond oblong linear acuminate
deeply ])innalifid, the segments remote oblong linear obtuse
irregularly sinuato-dentatc jiellucid at the costid;e and veins
which arc hairy beneath bearing sori at the apex, costa) and
margined stipes clothed with hispid brown seta;." Kze. in
PL Crypt. Poc'pp. in Linncea, ix. p. 104.

Hal). Huallaga, Peru, Poeppijj. " Belongs to the same group as T.crix-
pum, L., T. cristatum, Kze. (7'. crispum, Sw. and Hook, ct Grev.), T.pi-
losuin, Raddi, but most distinct.'' The same author furthcrnotices its si-
milarity in texture to T. pihsuvt, but that, in other respects, is very difler-
ent. It will however be observed, that those species arc pinnated, whereas
T. pelluceits is described as pinnatilid. To judge from a very indilTercnt
specimen of the " T. peliucens, Kunzc," in my possession, distributed by
Poeppig, this is in reality not distinct from T. crispum, and, like it, it is
pinnated below, pinnatiful above.

49. T. pliiinosKnt, Kze. ; " frond lanceolate linear acumi-
nate pinnated, pinnae subadnate oblong-linear attenuated and
obtuse at the apex, the sterile margin unequally duplicato-
dentate, hairy on each side on the costa and veins upper half
soriferous, involucres sunk bidentate, stipes trigonal and as
well as tlie rachis rufo-hirsute." Kunze, PL Crypt. Poepp.
p. 104.

Ilab. Pampayaco, Peru, Poeppuj. — This surely is only another slight va-
riety of T. crispum. Kunze remarks, " T. crispum, L., Sw., Hedw. Ic., pin-
nis iatioribus et brevioribus, involucris uo>j bidenlatis paullo latins distat:"
but in our specimens of true T. crispum, the involucres arc bidentate, or,
in other words, bilabiate.

50. T. cr in it urn, Sw. ; fronds rather small tufted slightly
glaucous pinnate, pinnaj ovate or oblong sinuate or pinnati-
fid, upper ones coadunate sometimes all of them are so (and
then the frond becomes pinnatifid), the segments short ob-
tuse, the margins rachis and stii)es with long spreading fer-
ruginous hairs, involucres few generally solitary from the apex
of the pinnae sunk urceolato-cylindrical, the mouth sin-eadiug
scarcelv 2-lippcd fringed with long hairs. — Sw. FL IniL Occ.
p. 1730. Syn. FiL p. 143. U'ilhL Sp. PL v. p. r)07. Hedw.
FiL cum Ic. (yood).

Hab. Jamaica, Swartz, Men:ies, Purdie. St. Vincent, L. Guilding. —
Stipes slender, filiform, I — 2 inches high ; fronds 4— r* inches. In habit
somewhat resembling T. sinuosum, but the lower portion of the frond is ge-

K -2

13-2 TRICHOMANES.

neriiUy pinnated ; the pinnae are remote, very thin, membranaceous, and
almost pinnatifid. Involucres large. In all my specimens there is a glau-
cous tinge in the dried state.

Dubious Species of this sub-section.

51. T. depauperatum, Bovy ; "fronds pinnate elongate
and slender, pinnules on the upper side trifurcate obtuse, sori
solitary on the upper side at the base." Bory, in Duperrey,
Voy. Bot. p. 283. — Onalan, D'Orfar, Isle de Wagiou, UUr-
ville.

Caudex elongate creeping. {Sp. 52 — 55).

52. T. venomni, Br. ; caudex very slender creeping fili-
form, fronds small pinnate, pinna linear remote obtuse sinu-
ate or rarely subbipinnatifid upper ones coadimate, lower one
on the base above with a solitary segment bearing the sunk
involucre which is urceolato-cylindrical, the mouth spreading
entire, costa and veins wavy. Br. Proclr. p. 159. Hook, et
Grev. Ic. Fil. t. 78.

Hab. New Holland ; Port Jackson, Brown, Bpioe. Tasmania, Gunn,
Brown, J. D. Hoohcr. New Zealand, Menzies, A. Cunningham, J. D.
Hooker ; always on the trunks of trees. — A small species, 2—5 inches long,
very delicate, glistening. It has a peculiar hahit, and is not easily con-
founded with any other species. The stipes is very slender, filiform.

53. T, cd'spitosmn, Hook. ; caudex creeping slender much
entangled and matted, fronds small oblong or oval, pinna; ra-
ther i'ew approximate or distant subimbricated oblong obtuse
concave sul3cymbiibrm, the vein or costa solitary stout, be-
neath as well as the rachis and short stipes setose with rather
long ferruginous hairs, involucres terminal and lateral obo-
vato-cuneate broadly winged at the margins compressed,
the mouth spreading with two broad semicircular short lips.
(Tab. XL. B.) — Hymenophyllum cajspitosum, Gaudich. in
Freyc. Voy. Bot. p. 374, t. 5, /". 2. — /3. elongatum ; fronds
longer and more slender, pinnae remote, involucres not lateral.

Hab. Staten Land, Mcnzies. Falkland Islands, Gaudichaud, D^Urville,
J. D. Hooker. Rocks and trunks of trees, Hermite Island, Cape Horn, ./.
D. Hooker. — 13. Chiloe, Cuming, n. 14. — A very remarkable and well-
defined species, with a creeping caudex ; stipes 2 — 3 lines long. Fronds
scarcely an inch long in a., in /3. 2 inches. Pinnae or leaves sessile, but
scarcely decnrrcnt, singularly concave, quite entire, with a strong costa,
which beneath, as is the whole under side of the younger pinnfe, clothed
with long, coarse, ferruginous seta; ; when fully developed spreading, some-
what imbricated in a., singularly concave, with the sides turned upwards, so
as to be almost boat-shaped. Involucres terminal, or, more frequently, la-
teral, quite sunk in a somewhat altered pinna, so as to give the appearance
of two wings, hairy with small bristles or coarse apprcssed hairs, which how-
ever do not extend to the wavy and somewhat toothed lips. Receptacles
short, included, or longer than the involucre. The more elongated speci-

TKICHOMANKS. 133

mens from Chiloe are assuredly only a variety, drawn out, as it would aj)-
pcar, l)y a warmer climate. Tlif fructification is umiuestiouably that of a
Trirhnmancs ; hut the (ip^ures iu (Jaudicliaud pive a very imperfect idea of
the plant. The brown color of the fronds and the form and disposition of
the pinnjE remind one oi Jumji-rmannia spfiai/iioidcs.

54. T. ainiculdtian, Bl. ; "frond ])iiinate lincar-lanceolale
glabrous, pinncC alternate cuneato-oblong obtuse multifid au-
riclcd at the base above, below obliquely cuneate, the seg-
ments truncate denticulate, rachis slightly margined subpu-
besccnt, caudex scandent rooting." Bl. En. Fil. Jar. p. 225.
T. Belangcri, IJori/ in Belany. Voij. Bol. p. 79, /. 8,/. 1.

Hab. Mountain rocl<s in Java, liliunr, Url(ini/cr. — An authentic speci-
men of this in j\Ir. J. Smith's herbarium has great afTiuity with 7'. dis-
sectum ; but the pinnae are very obtuse, and scarcely again pinnatilid.

Dubious Species of this subsection.

55. T. heterophi/lluni, II. H. K.; "sterile frond pinnate,
pinnae obovato-oblong inciso-dentate superior ones confluent,
fertile piiniate pinna) cuneate toothed at the a]iex, caudex
creeping." H. B. K. Nov. Gen. Am. \. p. 25. — Woods of the
Orinoco. Humboldt.

***** Fronds pinnated or hipinnatc,\ the pinncE or pinnules pinnalijidly
decompound. {Sp. 56 — 87).

Fronds tufted. {Sp. 56—72).

56. T. rigiduniy Sw. ; tufted erect, fronds ovate acuminate
harsh i-igid dark green almost black when dry bipinuate, the
pinnules lanceolate or linear-lanceolate cuneate subbipinna-
tifid more or less deeply, the ultimate segments various in
length subacute simple or bifid, rachis terete wingless or as
well as the secondary rachis with a very narrow wing or mar-
gin sometimes setose, involucres supraaxillary on the inner
margin of the lower segments on the upper side of the ulti-
mate divisions suburceolato-cylindrical tree, the mouth entire
and scarcely spreading not 2-li])pcd. — Sw. Fl. Ind, Occ. p.
1738. Syn. Fil. p. \U. Hedtc. Fil. cum Ic. fgnodj. Willd.
Sp. PI. V. p. 512. T. Mandioccanum, Raddi, Fil. Hra.'i. t. 79
(^80 in te.vt)J\ 2. T. pyramidalc, Wall. Cat. n. 1()2. T.
achillaeifolium, Willd. Sp. PL v. p. 512. T. obscurum, Bl.

f It is very difficult to draw the limit between a frond pinnated (in the
first instance), with the rachis slightly margined, since that margin is often
obsolete, and that winged rachis which uiight justify the torui pintiatifid.
In T. rii/idum and T.anceps, the term " jtinnatifid ' is perhaps more appro-
priate, and the place of them would be in a dilVercnt section. They arc
cited here, on account of their close aflinity with some of the following
species.

134 TlUCHOMANIiS.

111. Jac. p. -2-27. J. Sm. in En. Fil. Philipp.— /3. ultimate
and penultiiuute divisions broader and more crowded.

Ilal). Tropics iu the Old and New World. Jamaica, Stoartz, Mcmies.
Dominica, Dr. Imray. Martinique, Sieber ; and probably general in the
West Indian islands. Brazil, Raddi, Douglas, Gardner, n. ;)0.5 and 5953,
Ihaiburi/. Peru, Matheirs, n. 1089. Quito, Jameson. IVIauritius, Bon/,
Jiojer, Sieber, Sijn. Fil. n. 272, and others. Pacific Islands, Niyhtimialc.
Philippine Islands, t'«mi«(/, ». 134 arwZ 189. Sincapore, Lubb, Wallich.
Ceylon, Mrs. Gcnl., Walker. Java? liluine. South Africa, Z)»<)(7e, — ^.
Pacific Islands, Nightingale. — The copious specimens I liave examined,
to enable me to determine the above references and localities, do not vary
in any very remarkable degree. The Mauritius T. achillaefolium is quite
the same as our West Indian T. rigidum, in every essential particular. In
specimens from various countries, there is a difference in the greater or less
breadth of the segments, which are generally narrow and more or less acute
at the apex. Involucres principally from the inner margin of a segment,
which looks like a broad spine. Stipes 4 — (> or 8 inches : the frond about
the same length : the former with chaffy hairs at the base, rather rough,
slightly margined above vvith an indistinct elevated line. Rachis also mar-
gined but winged iu the upper part, and the secondary rachis is distinctly
margined. Sori rather numerous. The whole plant is singularly black and
rigid when dry. I presume Blume's T. ohscurum to be the same with this
plant, as the character does not materially dilfei'. Our var. |3. is scarcely
distinguishable from T. elo)igatum.

57. T. millefolium, Desv. ; "fronds subdeltoid oblong, low-
er pinna) decurrently bipinnate, pinnules subdecurrent ulti-
mate ones elongate coadunate somewhat dilated upwai'ds
denticulate, sori axillary, receptacles elongated, stipes and
racliis naked terete." Desv. Mem. Linn. Soc. Par. ii. p. 329.
" T. rigidum? Raddi, Si/n. Fil. Bras. i. p. 19, {ex'cl. syn.).''''

Hab. Brazil ? (Desvaux). — As the author quotes T. rigidum, Raddi ; it
is not unlikely that his plant is also the true rigidum of Swartz.

58. T. elongatum,K. Cunn.; tufted ei'ect rigid dark green,
fronds ovate bipinnate, pinnules very close compact imbri-
cated oblong-cuneate inciso-pinnatifid, segments short acute
sometimes bifid, involucres very copious (almost covering the
under side of the frond) supra-axillary in the sinuses of the
pinnules cylindrical free tapering at the base, the mouth en-
tire scarcely spreading not 2-lippcd, receptacles very much
elongated curved, stipes terete as well as the rachis and every
where glabrous. A. Cunn. Nov. Zel7 in Comp. Bot. Mag.
ii. p. 3G8. Hook. Ic. Plant, v. viii. i. 701.

Hab. New Zealand, Northern Island, A. Cunningham, Colenso, J. D.
Hooker and others. — Stipes 4 — 6 inches high : fronds generally 3 — 5
inches, dark green, resembling T. rigidum in very many particulars, but
the pinnules are broader, less divided, more cuneate, the segments general-
ly shorter : the involucres more copious, from every deep sinus of the pin-
nules, with very long curved receptacles; and the stipes and lower part of
the rachis are quite destitute of wing or evci;i margin, and not in the least
scabrous.

TUIClIOMANliS. 13-'i

59. T, ancpps, Hook, (not Wall. Cat.) ; tufted tall aTni)lc
erect, fronds broadly ovate pinnate, pinnie distant bi-tri])in-
natilid the ultimate segments linear sometimes exceedingly
narrow acute simple or bifid, main rachis very broad com-
pressed marginato-anei])itate, involucres supra-axillary free
cylindrical tapering below, the mouth entire much sjtreading
not 2-lip)ied, sti])es com])ressed and flattened marginato-anci-
pitate above, often subterete or tetragonal (when dry) below.
(Tab. XL. C). — T. elegans, Rich, in Act. Par. according to
Dclesfi. in Herb, nostr. not Rud(je. T. rigidum, Klotzsch in
Herb. Reg. Berol. el in Herb, nostr. T. villosulum .^ Wall.
Cat. n. 163 [a very bad specimen, slightly hairy on one side).
T. achilleffifolium, J. Stn. En. Fil. Philipp. (name only),
not inild. — 13. sub])iloso-squamose, segments and divisions
every\^'here very narrow linear-filiform, ultimate segments
subsetaceous. (Tab. XL. C. 3).

Hab. Guiaua, Richard. Rvazil, Selloir. Dominica, Dr. Imraj/, n. 60
and 61. Go)<2:ona, Pacific, Jiarclay. Singapore, Cumin<i, n. 3t)8, IValliv/i.
East Indies, Wallich,n. 1()3 ? — j3. Philippine Islands, Cuming, n. 1()2 and
274. — It is possible that this may be a state of T. ric/idum, but gigantic, 1 ^
foot to 2 feet high, with a very altered aspect, and in itself highly variable:
some smaller specimens are apparently intermediate, while the usual form
of our plant is very peculiar. Stipes 0 — 8 inches, subterete or 4-angular
below, above remarkably compressed and more or less winged. Frond with
a few minute, scattered, a])i)ressed hairs, 1 — li foot high, harsh, rigid,
black, and opaque. Eacliis very broad, flattened and margined, ancipi-
tate. Pinnffi remote, opposite or alternate, often 5 — 6 inches long, the di-
visions remote, ultimate segments subspinulose or setaceous, more or less
elongated. — In ^. the segments are almost setaceous, the margin of the ra-
chis and the involucres narrower, the whole with rather copious, appressed,
scaly hairs ; and sometimes the involucres have no spreading mouth, but
are erose as if injured by disease, as the entire plant probably is.

60. T. fivnicKlaceuni, I3ory ; tufted (but from a creeping
stout caudex) erect, fronds ovato-lanceolatc rigid ])innated
brown, pinna; nearly horizontal approximate deeply tripin-
natifid, the segments very narrow linear- setaceous scarcely
broader than the vein or costa acute, rachis of the pinnae
compressed ancipitate, main rachis terete with a very narrow
sharp edge or margin, stipes terete sometimes obscurely mar-
gined, above clothed (as is the rachis) more or less with de-
ciduous brown seta3, involucres sui)ra-axillary short cylindri-
cal tapering below free, the mouth entire not ^-lipped nor
spreading. Bory, in J Fil Id. Sp. PI. x. p. 51 L T. meifoUum,
Kaulf. En. Fil. p. 265, /. 2, [not of Bory). T. gemmatum, J.
Sm. I. c.

Hab. Mauritius and Bourbon, Uori/, Carmivhacl, liojer. Philippine
Islands, Cuming, n. 400. — The characters of this, like many other species
of 7'rivkoinancs, are not easily expressed in words. I derive my aiuliority

136 TIUCHOMANES.

for the species from a named specimen of the late Capt. Carmichael, and I
liave reason to believe it to be the same with that of Bory ; but it is the
T. meifiltum of Kaulfuss, who has given a good representation of it. Its
mode of growth is very erect, with a stout caudex and rachis and finely cut
segments, which may be compared to a larch-tree in miniature. Stipes
3 — 5 inches, rising 3 or 4 together from a stout, horizontal, setose caudex.
Fronds (i— 7 inches high, with very close and very fine almost setaceous
divisions. Sori copious on the upper part of the frond.

61. T. mijriophyllnm, Desv. ; "fronds 4-pinnate, pinnules
vatlier remote, secondary ones siibsecundly pinnate and ulti-
mate ones capillary, sori axillary, receptacles somewhat in-
cluded, rachis downy hairy at the base, stipes terete." Desv.
in Mem. Soc. Linn. Par. ii. p. 329.

Hab. Madagascar, {Desvaux). " Frond and stipes 8—10 inches high.
Very near T. fceniculaccum,\)\xi different."

G'i. T. bijidum. Vent.; "fronds bipinnate, pinnules pin-
natilid, segments linear all bifid at the apex and acute, rachis
setose." Vent, in Willd. Sp. PI. v. p. 511.

Hab. East Indies? {WilUhnow). " In habit very like T. rigidum, but
sufficiently distinct in the narrow segments of the pinnules, and in all, even
the terminal ones, being bifid." — It is more than probable that this is one
of the East Indian forms of T. rigidum. Blume had probably seen an au-
thentic specimen, for he says, under his T. obscurum {T. rigidum P), " T.
bifidum, Vent, cui simillimum, differt laciniis omnibus bifidis indusiorum-
qiie receptaculis multo brevioribus."

63. T. strictum, Menz. ; tufted very erect, fronds lanceo-
late rigid straight pinnated, pinnai approximate lanceolate
bipinnatifid, the segments linear obtuse loosely reticidatedy
involucres urceolate free, the mouth slightly spreading entire
not 2- lipped, the rachis margined, the stipes elongate terete
quite naked. — Hook, et Grev. Ic. Fil. t. 122. T. leptophyl-
lum, A. Cunn. Fl. Nov. Zel. in Hook. Comp. to Bot. Mag.
ii. p. 368.

Hab. Dusky Bay, New Zealand, and Otaheite, Menzies. Hokianga,
Northern island. New Zealand, A. Cunningham. — Very distinct, first found
by Mr. Menzies in the southern extremity of the middle island of New
Zealand, and in Otaheite. This has the largest stipes and narrowest frond
of any of this division: the shape of the segments and the nature of the
reticulations most resembling the following species, T. meifolium and T.
gigantcum. Autlientic specimens of T. leplophi/llum of A. Cunningham,
in Mr. Howard's herbarium, prove that to be the same with T. strictum,
Menz.

64. T. gigantenm, Bory in Willd. ; tufted .? erect very tall,
fronds broadly ovato-lanccolate bipinnate, primary pinna; dis-
tant lanceolate acuminate elongate, secondary (or pinnules)
ovate the lowermost superior ones applied to the rachis sub-
tripinnatifid, the segments linear obtuse, involucres supra

TUICHOMANES. 137

axillary cyliiulrical ta|)cnug below Iree, the mouth entire
.slijijlitly spreading, rachis terete furrowed above not winged
nor margined for its whole length, ])ilose with scattered soft
brown hairs as well as the terete stii)es. — lionj in IVilld. v.
f). .314. Hook. Ic. Plant, viii. t. 702. T. Mauritianum, Fliujge,
MS. {Willd.)

Hal). In une wood at tlie great lake, Bourbon, liory, Carmichacl . — My
specimen of this is from Capt. Carmichael, and wants the lower part of the
sti])cs. Frond It inches long (much larger than Willdcnow describes it),
dark brown, flaccid, truly bipinnatc: the ultimate segments and involucres
as in T. strictum, but the former are much more compound and more
flaccid.

65. T. meifoliiim, Bory in Willd. ; tall tufted erect rigid
ovato-lanceolate bipinnate, pinnules lanceolate subbi])inna-
tifid, the segments narrow-linear obtuse, involucres sn)all cy-
athiforra free su])ra-axillary, stipes and rachis terete clothed
with long spreading rufous setic. — Willd. Sp. PI. v. p. 508.
" T. ericoides, Hedic. Fil.'' T. lanceolatum, Poiref, Encycl.
viii. p. 83, {(iccordinff to Desvau.v). T. geminatum, ./. Sni.
En. PI. Fil. {name only). — 0. Baiierianum ; fronds larger
(11 — 14 inches), stijies and rachis with lew hairs or naked.
T. Baueriannm, Endl. Prodr. Ins. Nor/', p. 17.

Hab. Bourbon, Bun/. Java, Blame. Philippine Islands, Cumin;/, n.
137 and '207. Oahu, Macrae. — 13. E. Indies, Mr. Ward. Pacific Islands,
lirnnctt, Nightingale. Norfolk Island, F. Bauer, Mr. Vaughan Thompson.
— 'J'he stout stipes (3 — 5 inches long) clothed with long, harsh, dark brown
spreading hairs or setae, probably deciduous in /3. Fronds 8— 10 inches,
in i3. 11 — 14 ; segments rather crowded, involucres small, short, spreading
and quite entire al the mouth.

0(5. T. longisetum, Bory ; " fronds triplicato-pinnatc, pin-
njc patent lax, ])innules linear ca])illaceous dichotomous in-
cnrved, rachis winged above setose below, receptacles fdiform
five times longer than the involucres." Bory in Willd. Sp.
Pl.v.p. 510.

Hab. Bourbon, Jiorg. — Willdenow places this next T. fceniculaceum and
T. meifolium, and says that from the latter it is sufficiently distinct in the
rachis winged above, in the narrow and more distant pinnae, in the linear-
capillaceous pinnules and in the very long receptacles.

()7. T. nia.vinium, Bl. ; "frond tripinnate ovale oblong very
ample, pinn;e subalternate oblong-lanceolate, pinnules cune-
ate-oblongpartito-pinnatifid, the segments subdichotomo-])ar-
tite, the secondary ones linear siibbifid, rachises all winged,
stipes elongate glabrous and terete below." Jil. En. Fil. Jar.
p. 228. — ^. minus ; fronds smaller, pinn;e snb()])posite, pin-
nules rather rough beneath with segments inciso-j)innati(id,
secondary ones linear subemarginate, stipes winged." Bl. I. c.

138 TKICHOMANLS.

Hab. Java, and (i. Island of Nusa Kambangang, Blume. — " Very neav
T. meifolium, Bory in Willd., which differs in the smaller fronds and hairy
rachis."

68. T. polyantho,% Hook. ; tufted tall rigid, fronds oblong
or ovato-lanceolate tapering below pinnate, pinna; lanceolate
horizontal subfalcato-decurved bi-tripinnatifid, the segments
linear obtuse, involucres supra-axillary copious lai-ge free
cani])anulate upper half very thin and meinbranaceous, the
mouth spreading, receptacles wholly included, stipes and
slightly margined rachis stout terete scabrous and more or
less hispid. — Hook. Ic. Plant, v. viii. t. 703, Hymenophyl-
lum polyanthos. Hook, in Nightingale's Oceanic Sketches,
App. p. 132, [non Sw.)

Hab. Pacific Islands, Sir Thos. Niyhtingale. — Stipes 3 — 4 or 5 inches,
very stout, as is the racliis. Frond 1 foot high, 4 — 5 inches broad. Very
remarkable in the nature of the involucres, which are quite unlike any
others ; large, exactly campanulate, gh'ssy, membranaceous, especially the
upper pellucid half, in texture and form more resembling those of Hi/me-
nophjUum than of Trichomanes, but they are not at all 2-valved : the re-
ceptacles also are quite included in the involucres in every instance.

69. T. SmiiJiii, Hook. ; tufted erect rather small flaccid,
fronds slender lanceolate pinnate, lower pinnae remote short,
upper ones crowded and larger, all subpalmato-pinnatifid,
segments elongated remote spreading ultimate ones much
elongated, the cells large linear transverse arranged in slight-
ly oblique longitudinal lines between the costa and the mar-
gin, the margins alone with a series of small quadrangular
cells, involucres supra-axillary on short segments narrow ur-
ceolate dark brown coriaceous slightly winged below, the
mouth spreading, stipes filiform slightly hairy. — Hook. Ic.
V. viii. t. 704. — T. angustatum, J. Sm. En. Fil. Philipp. {not

^Carm.)

Hab. Philippine Islands, Cuming, n. 208 and 358. — Stipes slender, dark
brown or black, 1 — 3 inches high, slightly hispid, especially at the base.
Fronds scarcely a span long, extremely delicate ; lovver pinnae gradually
smaller, remote, but soriferous, with few, short, narrow segments, divided
from the very base and spreading ; upper ones much larger, more crowded,
the segments also rather broader and more elongated, esjiecially the ulti-
mate ones. The cellular structure of this is quite unlike anything with
which I am acquainted, and is best understood by a reference to our figure.
Involucres small, of a coriaceous texture.

70. T. luccns, Sw. ; tufted, caudex scarcely creeping se-
tose, fronds much elongated oblong-lanceolate attenuated
very flaccid pellucid pinnated, pinnge sessile numerous ap-
proximated spreading rufo-villous especially on the back at
the base linear acuminate membranaceous deeply sinuato-
pinnatifid transversely waved and crisped, lower ones tripin-

TUICUOMANKS. 139

natiful, involucrfs co])iou8 marginal on almost all the ])innae
(juito sunk lnoadly oblong-cuncatc tlie narrow base often
nearly rcacliin^- tlie costa ol" the same texture as the Irond,
the ujouth laterally ti-lijjpcd more or less spreading, recepta-
cles nuich elongated, sti[)es generally short stout not winged
clothed witli dense lerruginous wool. (Tab. XLI. A.) — Str.
FL hid. Occ.p. 1734. Syn. Fit. p. 143. JVilld. Sp. PL v. p.
506. Hedw. Fil. cum Ic. {bad), not Hook, et Crev. Ic. Fil.
t. 10.

Hab. Jamaica, Swartz, Dr. Bancroft. Colombia, Ilartucg, n. I. 531. —
Stipes 2 — 5 inches loiipf, stout, nifo-tomcnlose. Fromls amoii^f the largest
and most elegant of this beautiful genus, 1 — 1^ foot long. Finnic very
crowdeil, thin and membranaceous, undulato-crisped: fructifications some-
times so copious as to occupy every lobe and vein of the pinna;, and these
are large and almost C(iiially transparent with tlic I'rond.

71. T. Lamherlid/ium, Hook.; caudex scarcely creeping
lanuginose, fronds linear oblong obtuse rigid o])aque pinnat-
ed, ]iinn;e sessile densely crowded imbricated crecto-patent
subsecinul densely rufo-tomentose especially everywhere be-
neath oblong-ovate obtuse rigid membranaceous bi})innatifid
subplicate, the segments oblong obtuse entire or bifid with a
stout costa, involucres copious from the upper pinna) mar-
ginal almost wdiolly sunk in a lateral segment oblong-cuneate
of the same textiue as the frond, the mouth laterally 2-lipped
more or less spreading, receptacles elongated, stipes stout
elongated clothed with dense ferruginous wool. (Tab. XLI. B.)

Hab. Woods at Pillao, Peru, Ruiz ct Pavnn in Herb. Lambert. — I am
indebted to Mr. Fielding for a specimen of this curious Trichomancs, which
was derived, as well as his own specimens, and those in the Banksian her-
barium, from the museum of the late Mr. Lambert. The present has ma-
ny points in common with the preceding, yet is, I think, truly distinct.
The stipes is stout, 4 — 5 inches long, clotlied with dense, woolly, rusty to-
mcntum. The frond, apparently erect, 8 — 10 inches long, scarcely 2 inches
wide, and nearly of the same width throughout, peculiarly stiff and rigid,
ferruginous from copious rust-coloured hairs, which, on the under side, form
a dense covering of wool. The pinna; point upwards and forward, so as to
be subsecund, and they are so closely placed as to be imbricated, they are
sessile, rather deeply pinnatifid, with the segments ()1>long and obtuse, often
again divided, so that the pinna- may be said to be pinnatilid. The fruc-
tifications are confined to the uj)per portion of the frond, and arc there con-
spicuous by the copious long rece])tacles.

72. T. pallidaw,li\.; fronds bipinnatifid oblong sparingly
setose glaucous, younger plants pinnatifido-digitate, pinna;
subalteniate cuneato-oblong ])innatifid, the segments cimei-
form subbifid, ultimate ones linear obtuse emarginate, rachis
winged, stipes terete glabrous." Bl. En. Fil. Jar. p. '2'2o. —
(3. (jlaucnnt ; pinna; nearly o]iposite api)roximate ])innatifld,
segments obtuse emarginate. HI. I. c.

140 TRICHOMANES.

Hab. Woods, Java, Blume. " Closely allied to T. lucens," Sw. — I be-
lieve the true T. lucent is little known or understood. I have never seen
any East Indian Trichomancs at all resembling it ; nor does Blurae's cha-
racter of T. pallidum in the least agree with it.

Fronds from ait elongated creeping caudex. (Sp. 73 — 87).

73. T. dissectttm, J. Sm. ; caudex long creeping stout
setose, fronds erect rigid black when dry scarcely sti})ulate
lanceolate pinnate, pinngs petiolate semiovato-lanceolate ob-
liquely cuneate at the base inciso-pinnalifid on the superior
margin and the upper half of the inferior margin, the seg-
ments unequal oblong or linear subincised, involucres termi-
nal on the segments and supra-axillary scarcely sunk small
urceolato- cylindrical copious, rachis terete and as well as the
stipes hispid. — J. Sm. in En. Fil. P/iilipp. {name only). Hook.
Ic. Plant. V. viii. ined.

Hab. Luzon, Cuming, n.V29. — At first siglit this seems allied to T. Javani-
ciim{n. 45), being pinnated, rigid and black, but it is in reality very differ-
ent. Caudex long, stout. Fronds with scarcely any stipes, 6 — 8 inches long.
Rachis hispid, pinnae tapering into a short stalk, pinnatifid only on the up-
per side, except towards the apex ; the segments laciniated or incised, each
segment frequently bearing an involucre. Receptacle protruded. Its re-
semblance to T. auriculahim, Bl. is considerable, but, as already observed,
the pinnae are more acuminated and more divided, so as to be pinnatifid.

74. T. melanorhizon, Hook. ; caudex creeping, and as well
as the thick numerous branching roots densely woolly with
black hairs, fronds short ovate almost sessile pinnate, pinnge
bipinnatifid, the segments narrow-linear acute glabrous, in-
volucres in the axils of the upper segments urceolato-cyliu-
drical partially sunk, the mouth with 2 semiorbicular lips. — T.
bilingue, /. Sm. in En. Fit. Philipp. Hook. Ic. PI. viii. t. 705.

Hab. Leyte, Philippine Islands, Cuming, n. 316. — Caudex and short
branching fibres quite velvety with copious black hairs. Stipes scarcely |
an inch long. Frond 3 inches. Pinna distant, sometimes opposite, very
slightly decurrent. Rachis terete. Segments narrow. Involucres confined
to 3 or 4 of the ultimate segmeius, the mouth with rather large lips less
acute but resembling those of T. Filicula, Bory {T. bilabiatum, Nees), from
which however in other respects the plant is widely different.

75. T. scandens, Linn. ; caudex long creeping tomentose,
fronds rather tall ovale acuminate bipinnate, pinnae lanceo-
late bipinnatifid the ultimate ones decurrent, segments cili-
ated at the margin oblong or broad-linear emarginate or in-
cised obtuse, involucres small entirely sunk in short lateral
segments urccolate obscurely '2-lipped, the lips sjireading,
cosla and terete rachis and stipes with appressed tawny hairs.
— Linn. Sp. PI. p. 15G2. Sw. Ft. Ind. Occ. p. 1757. Sijn.
Fil. p. 144. Willd. Sp. PI. V. 513, [not Hedw.) Slodne,
Jam. i. p. 90, t. 58, yood, {not Plum. Fil. p. 93).

THICnOMANES. 141

Hiib. Jamaica, Sloane, Su-art:, liuncroft, Macfadym, Purdie^ ^c. Mex-
ico, Schirdc ct Dej)p(', (utleotti. — An elepant, very distinct, hut little under-
stood species, often perhaps confounded witli T. radicans, hut totally dif-
ferent in a variety of particulars. It lias indeed the same lonp creeping
caudex ; hut the frond (0 iiichcs to a fool lon<>;) is rtinarkahly thin, niem-
hranaceous, pellucid, ycllow-fjrccn, glossy, and truly bipinnate; the invo-
lucres wholly sunk in the froud. Stipes 3 — 1 or o inches long. — Linna>us,
Willdenow and others have referred to Plumier, t. f>3, for this plant; hut it
is quite different, and possibly our T. Kjinzcuiium ; though it docs not cor-
rectly resemble any species known to me. Sloane's figure, on the other
hand, is very cliaractcristic. I have only seen West Indian and Mexican
specimens.

70. T. nn(/us(aiftm, Carm. ; caudex creeping slender and
matted, iVonds pendent? ilaccid lanceolate ])innate, pinna) bi-
jiinnatilid, the segments narrow-linear glabrous simple or bi-
fid obtuse, involucres urceolato-cylindrical sunk in the frond,
the mouth spreading obscurely ^-lipped, the rachis through-
out and stipes slender filiform terete naked. — Carm. in f.inn.
Trans, xii. p. 513. Hook, et Grev. Ic. Fil. t. IOC. T. fulvum,
Klotzsch, in Herb. Reg. Berol. et in Herb. Hook. T. tener-
um, Spr. {according to KlotzscJi).

Hah. Tristan d'Acunha, Carmichael. Brazil, Gardner, n. 204 and 5952,
Sellow. Esmeraldas, El Equador and V\(A\\ncha., Jameson. Peru, Mathews,
7i. 1784. Gouga Sokoo, yia>c7ay. — Caudex short, ^ an inch to 2 inches
long, slender, filiform. Frond varying in length, 3 — 5 inches, very flaccid,
slender, graceful aud probably pendent.

77. T. exsectitm, Kze. ; caudex creeping, fronds pendent
ilaccid lanceolate or oblong ])innate, pinuic bipinnatifid, the
segments narrow linear glabrous simple or bifid obtuse, in%'o-
lucres oblong sunk in the frond, the mouth sjireading scarce-
ly 2-lipped, the rachis winged above naked below as is the
whole stipes. — Kze. Anal. Pteridoyr. p. 47, t. 29,/. 2.

Hab. Juan Fernandez, Bertero, n. 1542, in Herb, nnstr., Gai/, (Kunze),
L'apt. P. P. King, R.N. (in. Herb. Ilcward), Cuming, n. 13:35. Chiloe,
Cuming, ( Kunze J. Valdivia, Bridges, n. 800. — Professor Kunze has well
distinguished this species from T. angustatum, and his figure gives a good
representation of our smaller specimens (for they vary from 4 inches to more
than a foot), but the receptacle is longer than in ours, probably from being
more perfect. It is a larger plant generally than T. angjistatu'm, the rachis
is decidedly winged above, the involucres are more oblong, almost cylindri-
cal, but tapering at the base, and the lips are much smaller.

78. T. trichoideum, Sw. ; caudex creeping, frond broadly
lanceolate tripinnate, segments linear-capillary a little broad-
er upwards bifid or forked, involucres terminal on short lateral
segments slijntate urceolato-cylindrical, the mouth spreading
entire, stii)es slender filiform. — Siv. Fl. Ind. Occ. p. 1741.
Sijn. Fil. }). 144. Willd. Sp. PL v. p. 509. Hook, el Crer.
Ic. Fil. t. 199. T. pyxidiferum, Sc/iku/ir, Fil. t. 134, (T. cu-
neiforme in iexl). T. tenellum, Hedw. Fil. cum Ic.

142 TRICHOiMAN'KS.

Hab. Jamaica, Swarlz, Bahcroft, Menzies, Purdie. Mexico, Schiede in

Herb. Hook. Vera Cruz and Xalapa, Galeotti, n. 6394. St. Domingo,

(Schkuhr). — Stipes 1 — 2 inches tall, very slender. Fronds 3 — 6 inches,

cut into very fine capillary segments, scarcely so broad as the filiform rachis.

Dubious Species of this Section.

79. T. tamarisciforme, Jacq.; "fronds bipinnate, pinnules
pinnatifid lobate, lobules oblong, involucres sunk .? (urccolis
insertis), stipes and rachis rounded somewhat hairy." Sw.
Syn. Fil. p. 515. Jacq. Coll. iii. p. 285, ^.21, /. a. Willd.
Sp. PI. Y. p. 515. — Mauritius, {Swart z). Boinbon {VVillde-
now), Jacquiti. — The figure of Jacquin is a very unsatisfac-
tory one.

80. T. tenni/oUum,Cav.; "fronds tripinnate, pinnules ca-
pillary with one sorus, receptacles very much elongated."
Cav. Proil. 1801, n. 697. Sw. Syn. Fil. p. 144. Willd. Sp.
Pl.v. /?. 508. — Hab. Chiloe, Caiwiilles. — "Frond 3—4
inches long. Lower pinnae opposite, upper alternate. Pin-
nules capillary. Fructifications solitary in the apices of the
pinnules, involucres oblong, pedicellate, receptacles 3 — 4
times longer than than the involucres.

81. T. diffusum, Bl. ; frond bipinnatifid diaphanous gla-
brous, pinnae alternate or opposite remote lanceolate, lower-
most ones stipitate upper confluent lobato-pinnatifid, segments
linear obtuse dentate, involucres solitary or in pairs, rachis
margined above, stipes terete glabrous." Bl. En. Fil. Jav. p.
225. — &. pinnae all sessile, segments nearly entire, rachis
margined for its whole length. Bl. I. c. — Mountains of Java,
Bliime.

82. T. cupressoides, Desv.; " fronds elongated deltoid de-
cumbently tripinnatifid, ultimate pinnae appressed veined
toothed at the apex, lowermost bicuspidato-subulate at the
base, receptacles mostly included, rachis subpruinoso-pilose,
partial ones naked, stipes terete." Desv. in Mem. Linn. Soc.
Par. ii. p. 330. — Seychelles Islands, {Desvaux). " Fronds
caespitose."

83. T. parvijlorum, Poir, ; " fronds subtripinnate, pinnules
pectinate, stipes hairy, involucres very small, terminating the
lower divisions." Poir. Encycl. Bot. viii, p. 83. — Madagas-
car, Du P. Thouars.

84. T. lanceolatuni^ Pet. Th. ; " fronds lanceolate subtri-
pinnate, pinnules very short, stipes somewhat hairy, margins
of the involucres lacerated, receptacles very long recurved."
Poir. I. c. p. 83. — Madagascar, Du Pet. TJiouars. — " Ap-
proaches T. parviflorum^ but pinnules narrower."

TUK'llOMANKS. 143

85. T. sly/fmon, Poir. ; " fronds subtripinnato, piniKc al-
ternate, pinnules decurrent, segments solitary, rccejUacles
exscrted." — Fotr. Encijcl. Bat. viii. ;>. 32. — Madagascar, Du
Petit Til o liars.

86. T. darallioides, Gand.; " fronds scattered lanceolate
bipinnate subtripinnato 1 foot liigli, ])innulcs lanceolate pin-
nalilid and cut, segments oblong ol)tuse at tlie ai)ex 2-3-rid,
sori oblong axillary subpedicellate, racliis and stipes mar-
gined, caudex climbing liairy." Caudich. hi Freijchi. Voij.
JBol. p. 378.— Sandwich Islands, Gaudichaud.

87. T. veuii.stu7n, Desv. ; " fronds everywhere decurrent
subtripinnato, segments linear emarginate bifid and obtuse,
sori axillary and terminal, receptacles included, stipes short
margined, caudex climbing .'' " — Desv. in Mem. Linn. Soc.
Par. p. 328, — Brazil, {Desvaux).

T. undulatum. Wall. Cat. n. 1 GO,— "Mauritius," Wallich.
— Quite unknown to me.

T. compressirm, Desv. "Mag. Nat. Berol. 1811, p. 329."
— T have no access to the work just mentioned, and the name
only is given by Desvaux, in Mem. Linn. Soc. Par. ii. p. 330.

T. alc/ie?nil/(vfo/iinn, AVall. Cat. n. 159. Mauritius, Tel-
fair.— Probably T. nieifolium or T. acliillecBfoliiim.

T. cormophyUinn, Kaulf, En, Syn. Fib p, 2G0, and Drege,
Herb. Cap. — See under Alsophila Capensis, p, 37).

T. capillaium, " Taschner Dissertatio de Trichom. Jena,
1843," (quoted by Presl, Hymen, p. 65, under Didymo-
glossum capillatum, Pr.)

T, fiahellatum, Bory, in Belanger, Voy. Bot, p, 77,
from the Mysore, who considers that it may be the same as
T. di(jitatum, Sw,

T. adiantinum, Bory, in Belanger, Voy, Bot. p, 78 ;
" fronds stipitate entire fiabellato-abbreviate, fructiferous at
the crenate margin." Mauritius and Bourbon, Belanger.

T. loreurn^ Bory, in Belanger, Voy. Bot. p. 79, is the
same as T. la/iceum, Willd.

T. radicans, supra, p. 125.

The name of our friend J. T. Machay Esq. ought assuredly to liave been
associated with the discoverers of this interesting plant in Ireland. It was,
as I have since learned, in the summer or autumn of ISOt, that Dr. Stokes,
accompanied by Miss Filton (not Kelton), detected a single plant without
fruit near the Powerscourt waterfall, and sent a specimen to Sir J. E. Smith.

144 TRICHOMANES.

In October of the same year Mr. Mackay had the good fortune to find an
abundant station, and in fine fructification, in the county of Kerry ; and
his sj)cciniens were published in ' English Botany ' in the following year,
and distributed among botanists, and to cultivators at home and abroad.
In 1K0(>, Mr. Nuttall detected the plant in Hermilage-glen, county of
Wicklow, where, as at Powerscourt, and I fear in Mr. Andrews' station, it
has been almost exterminated by the rapacity of collectors. Botanists are
sometimes taunted with illiberality in concealing the stations of rare plants;
but there is often a necessity for it. About eight years ago, Mr. Robt.
Ball detected a new station in the county of Waterford.

Dr. Presl's recent work, entitled ' Hymenophyllaceae,' published at
" Prague, 1843,'' in 4lo., with 12 plates, has only reached our hands at the
period when our two genera, Hj/menophyUum and Trichomanes, were al-
most wholly in type; so that it lias been impossible to refer to it under our
species. It is too important a publication to pass over in silence, and I
cannot do better than to give here an enumeration of the Genera (19 in
number) and Species into which this acute observer has thought proper to
divide the group ; premising, however, that 1 cannot agree with the author
in thus multiplying genera, which do not appear well marked either with
regard to habit, or to characteristic distinctions. The venation is too
uniform to afford any good or tangible marks, and the variations of form
in the involucre or indusium is more useful as aflfording specific, rather
than generic characters.

Conspectus of the Genera and Species of Presl's

' HYMENOPHYLLACE^,'

(including Hymenophylluin. and Trichomanes^ Sm.)

Trib. I. TrichomanoidejE, Pr.

(This group corresponds with the genus Trichomanes, Sm. '■'■Involucre

tubular unth an elongated receptacle capsuliferous at the base ").

Sect. 1. TrichomanejE, Pr.

I. Feea, Bory. — F. polypodina, Bory (Trich. spicatum, Hedw.). F. nana,

Bory.

II. Hymenostachys, Bory. — H. elegans, Pr. (Trich. elegans, Rudye).

H. osmundioides, Pr. (H. diversifrons, Bory, according to Presl, and
if so, surely not distinct from H. elegans). — The author does not ap-
pear to have had specimens of this genus under his view ; for he re-
marks, " if the sterile fronds have anastomosing veins, as shown in
Hook. Gen. Fil. t. 108, the genus Hymenostachys must be widely se-
parated from Feea, and be placed after Trichomanes and near Nemo-
phyllum:" — than which nothing can be more at variance with nature.

III. Lecanium, Pr. Tab. I. — L. membranaceum, Pr. (Trichomanes, L.)

IV. Cardiomanes, Pr. — C. reniforme, Pr. (Trichomanes, Forst.)

V. Trichomanes, Pr. Tab. II. A, B. Tab. III. A, B, C. Tab. IV. A.—

§ I. Achomanes, Pr. T. pellucidum, Kze. T. Kaulfussii, Hook. T.
fastigiatum, Sieb. {MS.). T. hetcrophyllum, Willd. T. cristatum,
Kaidf. T. Martiusii,' Pr. (T pilosum, Mart. Crypt. Bras. t. G8,fiy.
dextra). T. Plumula,^ Pr. (T. pilosum, Mart. I. c. t. 68,Jiy. sitiistra).

« Trich. crispum, nob. supra. ' T. crispum, nob. supra.

TIUCF10MANF>

145

T. pilosum, Riiddi. T. ciisp\im, L. T. pilosum, Kze. T. Hapiikea-
nuin,^ Pr. (T. crispuin, /V. in Rel. ILcnh.) T. Sfllowianuin/ Pr. T.
asplenioides,' Pr. 'J", (limidiatum," Pr. T. Jiivanicuin, lil. (T. rigi-
flum, WaU.) — %U. Euliithoinanes, Pr. A. Flahcllata, Pr. T. Bo-
jeri, Ilnnh.ct (Jrev ('J\ mirlulatum, Wall.) T. (li},MUiluin, Sh\ (T.
lanceiiro, y^xy/). 'J', saxifrafroidcs/ Pr. T. palinatmn," 7V. — IJ. Piii-
nata, Pr. T/Hookiri, Pr. (T. muscoides, //W;. et Grrv.) T. orosum,
TFiVW. T. paiviilinn, Poir. (T. Sil)tlioii)ioides, linri/). T. Tlioiiars-
iamnn,» Pr. T. Poeppi-iii,'" Pr. (T. siiuiosuin, Knzc in J'oepp. Fil.)
T. simiosum, /v. (T. iiicisinn, A'^/h//'.) T. coffiiatutn," Pr. T. lu-
cens, Sir. T. alatuin, Sw. T. Hancroftii, Jlnah. el Grer. (T. coria-
ceuni, Kzr. T. pinnatilidiun, Willd. Ilcrh.) V. Aiikcrsii, Parker. T.
iiitramargiiiale, Ilonlt. el Grcv. T. JiUZonicnm,''^ Pr. T. acutum,'^
Pr. T. venosum, Pr. T. Bclanjieri, Jinn/. T. mclanostictum,
Schlecht. T. biachypiis, ^-^. (T. radican.s, //ooA. et Grev.) T. radi-
cans, Sw. T. pyxidifemni, /.. T. ambiiruum, Sieh. Si/n. Fil. n. 143.
T. Brasilicnsc, Desv. T. Baueviamim, 'Kndl. T. tiichoidcuni, .*>fr.
T. tenenim, .S'/)r. T. exsectum, Kze. T. anpustatuni, farm. T.
Mandioccamiin, Raddi. T. scandens, L. (T. radicans, A'cr. Ilyme
nophylluin vadicans, Poejyp. Fil. cxsic.) T. uml)rosurn, Wall. T.
strictum, il/rar. T. tomarisciloime, /ac*/. T. achilleifoliuni, Willd.
T. lonprisetuni, Bonj. T. Millefolium,'^ Pr. T. apiifoliuni,'* Pr.
T. bifidum, F<?r)L T. cminciis,'* Pr. T. foeniciilaceum, Jhri/. T.
nieifoliura, />t»ry. T. intermedium, Kaulf. — § III. Pacliycbaetura,

3 The plant of Haenke 1 had supposed to be T. cvispum, L.
^ T. Sellowiaman, Pr. Hymen, p. 37; " frond linear-lanceolate elongate
acute deeply pinnatifid obtuse at the base, segments oblong obtuse unc-
([ually denticulate ciliated waved separatecl by a rounded sinus alternate
contiguous horizontal, lowest ones rather smaller dcflexed, veins di- tricho-
tomous, on one side with the costa pubescent, receptacles very long, stipes
convex on one side channelled on the other and as well as the convex rachis
hirsute with appressed hairs. Brazil, Selloir.'"

* T. Javanicum, nob. supra, \). 130. (T. curvatum, J. Sm.)
* T. dissectum, /. Sm. et nob. sap. p. 140
'T.parvulum, nob. supra, p. 118. " T. ])rolil'erum, nob. supra, p. 1 18.
9 T. Thouarsiamivi,V\: Hymen, p. 40; "frond ovate ol)tuse deeply pin-
natilid acute at the base, with two opposite segments and the terminal one
cuneate bifid, the lobes linear entire or toothed and with the teeth emargi-
nate, limb of the involucre patent entire, stipes shorter than the fntnd and
as well as the rhizoma filiform. Bourl)on, P. Thoitars."
"* T. sinuosum, 7iob. supra, p. 140.
" T. co(/natum, Pr. Hymen, p. 41 ; "frond oblong-lanceolate obtuse gla-
brous or ciliated with bi-"trifid hairs pinnatifid the narrow base tapering in-
to a stipes, segments ovate-oblong obtuse and obtusely dentate separated by
an obtuse sinus, veins simply branched, sori immersed, limb of the infundi-
buliform involucre truncated, stipes below filiform articulated above the
base, rhizoma angled paleaceo-pilosc. Brazil, Bei/rieh." " Quani maxime
cognatum T. sinuoso, a quo i>luribus notis differl ct transitu ni in T. alatum
<|uodaminodo eflicere videtur."
'■-' T. humilo, ho6. supra, p. 123. '» T. glauco-fuscum, nob. supra, p. 128.

'* Not of Desvaux. It isT. anceps, nob. supra, p. 135.
'^ T. mcifoliuni, »»«/». supra, p. 137. '« T. nieifolium, nob. ^upra, p. 1.37.

I.

140 TRICHOMANKS.

Pr. 'J". Luschuatiamim," Pr. T. ligidiun, Siv. T. finmilum,'* Pr.
T. pyramidale, Wall. T. speciosum, Willd. T. hievisetum, Spr
VI. Ragatellus, Pr.—R. cvinitus, Pr. (Trichoraanes, Sw.)
yil. Cepiui.omenes, Pr. Tab. V. — C. atrovireiis, Pr. — (This would ap-
])c'ar to he a remarkable plant, to judoe from the description and figure :
but my astonishment is jrrcat on finding that this supposed new ge-
nus is Mr. Cuming's n. 1(59 from the Philippine Islands, identical
with Tr'ichomanes Javanicum,M\\.\me, and of Presl himself ; and the
T. rhomhoideum, J. Sm. — To such errors must the multiplying of ge-
nera on the most trivial characters necessarily lead. The receptacle is
not, in my specimens, terminated with the globose apex represented by
Presl, tab. 5 ; nor is there any character by which it can be distin-
guished specifically from the Trichomancs now mentioned.

VIII. Nkurophyllum, Pr. Tab. IV. C. — N. Vittaria, Pr. (Trichomancs
V itl. DeCand. T. floribundum, ^. Hook, supra, p. 129). N. pinna-
turn, Pr. (Trich. floribundum, 11.13. K.) N. pennatura, Pr. (Trich.
pennatum, Kaulf. ; too near our T. floribundum).

IX. MiCROGOKiUM, Pr. Tab. VI. A, B. — M. cuspidatum, Pr. (Trichoma-
ncs cusp. Willd.) — It appears to me that there can hardly be a ques-
tion of this being our Trichomanes Bojeri, Hook, et Grev. Ic. Fil.
t. 155, et supra, and of Presl, from the Mauritius ; and it may be
equally the T. cuspidatum, Willd., whose description however is very
unsatisfactory. If I am right in my conjecture, the margin in the fi-
gure just quote<l. A, is much broader than 1 have seen it. — M. Berte-
roanum, Pr. fig. B. — No one can possibly look at this figure and com-
pare it with that of Trichomancs muscoides. Hook, et Grev. Ic. Fil. tab.
179, without seeing that the two plants are identical, and they are from
the same country. The venation and margin are as distinctly and ac-
curately laid down in the ' Icones Filicum,' as in the work now under
consideration, and the figure was well known to Dr. Presl: yet by a
strange inconsistency he makes a new genus of it in the one case, and,
in the other, a new species of his own genus Trichomanes, T. Hook-
cri, p. 16.

X. Abrodictyum, Pr. Tab. VII. — A. Cumingii, Pr. Cuming's n. 208

and 358, from the Philippine Islands. This plant corresponds with
our Trichomanes Smithii, a plant certainly very remarkable in the re-
ticulation of its leaves. It is the T. anyustatum of J. Sm., as above
quoted (p. 138), but not of Carmichael.

Sect. II. DiDVMOGLOSSEiE, Pr.

XI. DiDYMOGLOssuM, Desv. Tab. VIII. A. — § I. Eudidymoglossum.
A. Flabellata, Pr. D. punctatum, Pr. (Trichomanes punctatum,
Poir.) D. sphenoides, Pr. (Trich. sphenoides, Kze. Hymenophyllum
Guadeloupense, Spr.) D. Hookeri, Pr. (Trich. reptaus. Hook, et Gr.)

" T. Lvschuatianum, Pr. Hymen, p. 45 ; " frond sessile oblong-lanceo-
late acute pinnate obtuse at the base, pinna; subsessile lanceolate acumi-
nate deeply piunatifid, lower segments ovate obtuse lobed below above den-
tate, lobes dentate, teeth obtuse, sori immersed, rhizoma terete scandent.
Ilio, Brazil, Luschn." This seems to be our sessile variety of T. radicans.

'8 This would appear from the description to be our Brazilian state of T.
rigidum.

IKICHOMANKS. 147

IJ. I'iniiatii, yV. J), rcptiiiis, yv. (Trich. ropliuis, .S'm'.) D. Kraiissii,
/v. 'I'riih. (I look, rt f.'rrv.) I). iiiiiscoicK-s, Pr. (Trich. S,r. Tr. apo-
(liiiii, l/ook. el <;riv.) I). <|U('rcir()liiiin, I'l. (Tridi. /Ii>„k. rl Grn\) I).
inimitiilimi, (/((!«/. 1). alatmu, /V. (Ilyiiicii. alaluin, .SC/Jf. FH.t. l."<;'),
h.) D.decipiens, /Ms/-. I). Filiciila, Pr. (Tricli. bilabialum, AVr.v vt HI.
Hynion. Filiciila, liori/). D. lirevipes,"' Pr. I), iindulatuin,*" Pr. 1).
serrulalum,^' lir. § tl. Cl.il..(limn, Pr. 1). Nccsii, (Trich. HI. Tiicli.
denticulatuin, Necs et HI. tion C'uv.) D. longisctuni,-^ Jir. § III.
Crepidium, Pr. 1). huinik', Pr. (Trich. J''urst.)
Xir. Meuint.ium. Tah. VIII. li. — M. Meycnianmn, Pr. M ? Hlumf-
amiin, Pr. (Hynieuophyllum pectinalimi, Nccs cl HI. Hym. IMinnea-
uiini, Spr.) (With the species of this u:ciuis 1 am luiacciuaintod.
Meritiffium, the author says, is allied to Didi/mof/lossiim ; difVeriiipr in
the involiiere, which has a short campanulatc tube, aud a limb deeply
bipartite, the segments wide, concave, at length divaricated, with
thicker receptacles. His lirst species, M. Mci/eninnutn, is a native of
Manilla. The second, " doubtful " as to genus, is the lli/mcii. lilu-
ineanum of Spr. and IJluni. En. Fil. Jav [omitted in our sjjccies], thus
characterized ; " frond pinnalifid or bi])innatifid brown glabrous, pin-
HcE alternate approximate cuneato-oblong pinnalifid, segments linear
snbbifid obtuse almost rctnse, valves ol^ the involucre subrhonibeo-
ovale obtuse, stipes terete. Ilipn. pcctinatum, Nees et Bl. in Act. Nat.
Cur. xi. t. 12, f. 5." .lava, Blunu;, who observes that it comes very
near Ili/ni. sancjtiinolentuiii).

XIII. HEMU'HLEmuM, Pr. Tab. IX. — H. pusillum, Pr. (Tricli. ^w.)

Trib. II. HVMENOPHYLLOIUE^, Pr.

(This corresponds with Flipnenophyllum, Sm. " Involucre bifid, com-
posed of 2 plates (laniincc), about equal in length with the receptacle."

XIV. Leptocionium, IJr. Tab. XI. D. — L. dicrauolrichum, Pr. L.?
fucoides, (Hynieuophyllum, Su\)

XV. Myrmecostylum, Pr. Tab. X. A. — M. tortuosuio, Pr. (Trichom.
Banks, MS. Hymenoph. Hook, et Grcv.) INI.? dichotomum, Pr.
(Hymenophyllum, Cav.) M. elavatum, Pr. (Hymenoph. Sw.)

XVI. Ptychophyllum, 7V. Tab. XI. E. — Pt. plicatum, Pr. (Hymen.
Kaulf.)

XVII. Hymenophylh M, Pr. Tab. XI. A, B, C. Tab. XII. A, B. —
§ I. SphiEiodium, Pr. H. Wilsoni, Hook. (H. Tunbridgense, Schk.
Fil. t. 13a, d.) U. Meyeri, ^^ ]>,-. (H. Tunbridgense, b. Drege). H.
antarcticuiij, (II. Tunbridgense, Sicb. Syn. Fil.) H. Menziesii,'^^ Pr.

'* This is probably No. 2 of Mr. Cuming from Luzon, and if so it is our
T. Kilicula, supra, p. 124, with which species the author compares it.

■^" Probably united to our Tr. Filiciila or Tr. huniile, two species with
which Presl compares it : from Luzon, Cwning.

•" This, the u. 221 of Cnining's Philippine Island plants, is the same
with Hymen, bivalve, J. Sm., H. Sniithii, nob. supra, p. 97.

'^2 This I have no hesitation in referring to Tr. rigidum, supra,p. 133.

*3 The plant of Drege is referred to 11 . Wilsoni, supra, p. i)6 ; and our
author says of it, " valde afTinis H. Wilsoni."

^* This scarcely seems, from the descripliou, dill'erent from H. Wilsoni,

L 2

148 TRICHOMANES.

§ II. Euhyraenopbvllum, Pr. A. Pilosa, Pr. H. valvatuin, Hook,
et Grev. H. blepliarodes ,« Pr. B. semilala, Pr. a. Evnlutn, Pr.
H. niiuimuin, Less, et Rich. H. Tunbrids^ense, Sw. H. aspeniUnn,
Kze. H. oupressifonne, Lnbill. H. Drescainini,^^ Pr. (H. Tuu-
biidgeiisc, a. Drege). H. Pevuvianum, 7/ooi. c< Grer. H. seselifo-
lium.27 Pi-. H. mnltifiduin, Sw. li. Dimidiata, Pr. H. unilatevalc,
Borif. H. Sena ,"8 Pr. H. pectinatiiin, Cav. H. secundum, ifooA-.
et Grev. C. luteora, Pr. H. aspleuioides, ,S'(r. H. fuuiavioides,
Borif. H. Tbunbern;i, ^f/;/. (H. Tunbvidjrense, Are. prtrinw)- H.
flab'ellatum, Z,«i(7/. "^H . nitens, i^r. H. tratevnum,^^ Pr. H. Poep-
pigiaiiuiii,3" Pr. (H. clavatura, Kze.) H. Jalappeuse, Schlcchl. H.
Grevilleanum, Pr. (H. polvantbos, Ilnoh. et Grev.) H. polyantbos,
Sw. (H. Millefolium, Sch'le.cht. and Mathews, PL Peruv. Exsicc. n.
1790). H. emavginatum, .Sjy. H.? Javanicum, Spr. (H. crispum,
Nees et PA.) H.'drpdalcum, Bl. H. paniculifloiuui,^' Pr. — § III.
Cycloglossum, Pr. H. ceespitosum. Gaud. H. Cuminijii, ^2 p,-. H.
semibivalve, Ilooh. et Grev. H. dccurrens, Sw. [a. Jacquinianum,
fronds lanceolate, Jacq. Coll. ii. 2, /. 1,2]. ^. Sieberianum, fronds
ovale. [Tricli. clavatura, Sicb.] H. Koliaulianuni,^' Pr. (Trich. cla-
vatuni, Sieb.) H. Scbombm-f!;kii, Pr. (Hymenopb. Schoinb. PL Gui.
Exs. n. 509. — § IV. Craspedopbyllum, Pr. H. marginatum, Hook,
et Gi-ev.
XVIII. Sph^rocionium. — Tab. IV. B. Tab. X. B, C— I. Stellata, Pr.

which is found in the adjacent island of Tierra del Fuego. H. jNIenziesii
was gathered by Mr, Mcnzics in Staten Land.

25 H. blepharodes, Pr. Hymen, p. 51 ; " frond oblong-lanceolate narrow
acuminate pinnate, pinnae opposite and alternate petiolulate lanceolate ob-
tuse deeply pinnatitid, segments linear obtuse eniarginate mucronato-ser-
vulate, sori sessile ovate obtuse, segments of the involucre ciliato-serrate at
the apex at length very patent longer than the receptacle, rachis winged
above, below and the terete costa and stipes with simple or forked scattered
hairs. Martinique, Kohaiii."

26 This, the H. Tunbridgense, a. of Drege, I had considered to be a state
of that species.

^ May not this also be H. Wilsoni ? From Chili (Chiloe ?), Ciiminy.
28 H. Wilsoni?

*» H.fraternum, Pr. Hymen, p. 54. Tab. XII. B. sorus only. "Quite
glabrous, frond oblong-lanceolate acute tripinnate, pinnae petiolulate ovate
obtuse, primary pinnules cuneato-lancedlate obtuse, secondary cuneate bifid,
segments linear obtuse entire, rachis pcliolules and apex of the stipes wing-
ed, sori sessile, segments of the involucre obtuse unequally and obtusely
denticulate longer than the thickened receptacle. Jamaica."
^° H. polyanthos, /3. nob. supra, p. 107.

3> This, being n. 214 of Cuming's Philippine Island plants, is by us re-
ferred also to H. polyantbos, /3.

32 Apparently Cuming's n. 13 and 15 from Chiloe, which I have refer-
red to H. rarum, supra, p. 101.

33 This is Siebei's Trich. clavatura, Martin, n. 250, and Syn. Fit. n. 141
partim, of which our author makes a species. " Hym. Kohuuliauum, Pr.
Hymen, p. 5(i; very glabrous, (iond linear-lanceolate acute bipinnate nar-
row at the base, pinnae petiolulate alternate lanceolate oblusc, pinnules cu-
ncato-lanceolate obtuse pinnatitid, segments linear emarginate and as well
as the wings of the rachis entire, rachis and petiolules winged, stipes fill-

TIUCHOMANES. M*J

S. hirsutum, Pr. (Hyin. Sw.) S. sericeuin, Pr. (Iljin. .S'w.) S. lonii'ii-
tosuin, Pr. (Iljni. K:c.) S. iiiti'iiiiptiini, Pr. (II vm. Kzc) S.aureuin,"
Pr. S. Plmiiieri, Pr. (Ilvin. llooh. rt Grcv. cvcl. Sipi. Plum. II. hir-
siitnni, Pr. in lit/. Jlceiih.) S. Sicl)eri,^ Pr. (TrielK alaiuiii, Sicb.) S,
piilclitlhini, Pr. (Hyin. Sc/il.) S. vcsliliim,^ Pr. S. liirlelluin, Pr.
{Hym. Sw.) S. cilialinn, Pr. (ll\mcu. Sw.) S. Gu-villcamiin, Pr.
(Hymen, cilialuni, Jlooh. el (Ircv.)' S. liiieavo, Pr. (Hvincii. .SV.) S.
Borvamini, P/-. (IImiilmi. Willd.) S. coinimitatmii, /V. (H viticii. lio-
ryaiiuin, Pad.) S.'flaslicinn, Pr. (Ilynicii. H7//r/.— Piol.ai)ly the //.
Jluro-aureuin, liory, in lklan<;ev, Voy. willi a very bvief and iin];cilect
character, may borefcnecl liiilicrj. 11. Pilosa, Pr. S. divLrsilolMiin,^'
P}. S. Scliicileanii7ii,38 Pr. (Hymen, ciliatiim, Schlec/il.) S. trilidiim,
Pr. (Hymen. Hook, et Grev. This species, at j). 91, supra, under this
name of H. elegans, ouj^ht to bear that of Hym. lineare, Sw. Syn. Fil.
p. 147, and to have the station of " Jamaica, Swurtz," added to it).
S. pendulum, Pr. (Hymen. Bon/, in Celanj,^ Voy. liot. p. 71>, t. 8, f.
2. This is said to be IVom Bouibou ; but the fifjurc is so exact a re-
presentation of our H. elegans, supra, p. 114, H. lineare, Sw., that I
do not see Iiow the species is to be distiuguislied). S. cristalum, Pr.
(Hymeu. Hool;. el Grcv.) S. bivalve, Pr. (Hymen. Sw.) S. scabrum,
Pr. (Hymen. Less.) III. Glabra, Pr. S. infortunatuni, Pr. Hymen.
Bory). S. anstralo, Pr. (Hymen. ir/VW.) S. ricciaifolium, Pr. (Hy-
men, Bory). S. rupestre, Pr. (Hymen, Raddi). S. caudiculatuni, Pr.
(Hymen. Mart.) S. produclum,^^' Pr. S. dilatatum, Pr. (Hymen.
Sw.) S. crispatum, Pr. (Hymen. Hook, et Grev.) S. macrocarpum,*"

form naked, sori half immersed, involucre bifid as far as the middle, segments
obovato-orbicnlar entire as Ions; as the receptacle. Martinique, Kohant."

3< The Hym. sericeum oi Herb. Reg. Berol. in my herbarium is undoubt-
edly the true H. sericeum.

35 The specimens of Trich. alatum oi Sieh. FL Mart. Suppl. n. 71, with-
out fructification, in Dr. Presl's possession, are the authority for this species,
which the author compares with his S. aureum and S. Plumieri.

3- Filicula digilata, Plum. Fil. p. 73, /. 50, f. B, is an authority for this :
and that is our Hymen. Plumieri, supra, p. S9.

37 S. diversilobum, Pr. Hymen, p. 59 ; " frond glabrous linear-lanceolate
acute at both extremities, below twice- above simply pinnated, pinna; ad-
iiate the lower ones divided into three, the middle into two i)innules, the
upper undivided and the pinnules linear emarginate denticulate, teeth cili-
iferous, racliis and stipes winged denticulato-ciliate the hairs simple, sori
lialf immersed, involucre bifid to the middle the segments orbicular ciliat-
ed. Antilles?"

38 This is said to differ from Hym. ciliatum "praetcr alias wolas pilis eili-
isque simplicibus uec ajnce stcUato-ramosis."

38 Probably Mr. Cuming's plant from Chiloe, n.4, which we have refer-
red to H. caudiculatum, il/((r/.

^"This, which is Cuming's "130," and according to Presl, from the Phi-
lippine Islands, stands in our herbarium as identical with II. caudiculalnm,
destitute of cauda if the fructification extends to the apex, caudate when
the apex is barren. The station and number arc by accident omitted at p.
102. I had learcd indeed there was some error with regard lo the sUition
in my herbarium ; but the number in Presl, and the same plant bearing
the same number in Mr. Smith's herbarium, from Mr. Cuming's Philip-
pine Island plants, confirms the h)cality, and the identity of the species.

150 TRICHOMANES.

Pr. S. l);uliuin, Pr. (Hymen. Hook, et Grcv.) Cumi»i<), PL Philip, n.
112). S. gracile, Pr. {Hymen. Hon/). S. demissura, ZV. (Hymen.
Sw.) S. sanguinolentum", Pr. (Hymen. Srv.) S. iinihilatum, Pr.
(Hymen. Sw. H. fumaiioides, Kauff. Kimze). S. axillare, Pr. (Hy-
n)en. Sir.) S. abietinum, Pr. (Hymen. Hook, et Grev.)
XIX. HvMENOGLOssuM, Pr. — H. cruentum, Pr. (Hymen. Cav.)

SuBORD. III.— DAVALLIE.E.

Sori globose or more or less elongated, situated at the apex
of a vein or veinlet, rarely on the back (below the apex).
Involucre superficial, inserted at the base of the sorus and
covering that sorus in the form of a scale, which is generally
half cup-shaped more or less elongated, sometimes scmicy-
lindrical, rarely ovate, or orbicular, or reniform, always free
at the apex sometimes also at the sides, but almost invaria-
bly fixed by a broad base, and at or near the margin of the
fronds or segments of the fronds ; varying much in texture,
from membranaceous to coriaceous. — Tu/tecl orcreepingYevns,
tropical or subtropical, rarely inhahiting temperate climates,
and chiejly the Old World, frequently with a stout scaly
horizontal caudex, of lohich the Davallia Canariensis, or
Hare's-foot Fern, is an example ; sometimes tufted. Fronds
simple or pinnatijid or variously and compoundly divided,
membranaceous or coriaceous. Veins simple or forked, not
in any instance, that J am aware of, anastomosing.

Obs. Many anthors unite this gronj) or Suborder of Ferns with Dickso-
niece, from which tliey appear to me to be well distinguished by the invo-
lucre not having its origin beneath and all round the sorus, so as to form a
complete cup ; but, originating from the lower base of the sorus, it forms a
half-cup, the sides generally united with the frond, and free only at the
apex : still it must be confessed that in some cases (as will he seen by our
figures) when the sorus is at the narrow apex of a segment, that apex of the
segment is so united with the margins of the involucre that it ([uite resem-
bles the fructification of some Dicksoniccc, especially of a Loxsoma, or even
a Trichomanes : and, if the sides are free, the resemblance then becomes
great to Lindscea. In other cases, when the involucre is nearly orbicular,
or reniform, fixed by a more narrow base and free at the sides, and situated
at a distance from the margin, the aflSnity is with some Aspidiacece, espe-
cially with Nephrolcpis of Scliott. No two authors are agreed as to tlie
limits of this group, nor of the geneva which compose it : and no wonder,
seeing how gradually the genera seem to run one into another. To me the
genera appear to have been needles.sly multiplied, upon very insufficient
grounds, so that in many cases I cannot even adopt them as subgenera.

51

1. Davai.lia, Sm.
Davallia, Sm. (Hook. Gkn. Fil. XXVII). VVibdia, Dertih.
Diclvsonia^ sp. And. Microlcpia, iV., ./. Sm. (Hook, Gkn.
Fil. 'J\\h. LVHl. A.) Saccoloina, Katdf. (Hook. Gkn. Fil.
Tab. IAHI. H.) Aspidii sp. Bl. Sicnolobus, Pr. Cibolii
sp. I't: Leiicostcgia, Pr., ./. Sm. (Hook. Gkn. Fil. Tab. LH.
A.) Odontolonia, ./. Stn. Huiuata, Cnv. Nephrodii sp.
Gmidich. Neplir()lci)idis sp. Pr. Prosa])tia, Pr. P(jlypodii
sp. ./. Sm. Aci()])lioriis, Pr.

Sori dorsal, near or at llic margin of the frond or segments
of the frond, terminal upon a vein or veinlet, globose or more
or less elongated. Inrolucre orbicular, oval or elongated,
often semicylindrical or half cuii-sha])cd, attached to the-un-
der side of the sorus (and covering that organ) ])y a broad
base, united or free at the sides, the a])ex free, open at the
top towards the margin. Capsiiles stalked, the stalks very
long in such species as have eh)n gated involucres. — Tropiail
or subtropical Ferns, rarely of tcmperdte climates, chiejly of
the Old World, varying much in .size, and in the te.rture of
the fronds, membranaceous or coriaceous, mostly stipitate.
Caudex creeping, or none. Veins pinnated upon a central
costa, simple or dichotomous.

Ons. After a careful investigation of numerous species, I cannot hut
come to the conclusion that the original Davallia of Sir James E. Smith
should remain entire as a genus, of which the type may be considered the
well known D. Catmriensis. It is quite true, if we look only to certain spe-
cies of the numy new genera that have been separated from it, such as of
Ihnnata, Odontoloma, Sacculomd, Lcucostegia, tScc, we shall lincl apparently
sullicient indications of generic difTcrenec: but if we take a comprehensive
view ol the respecti\e species, we shall find that in ])oint of generic marks
they gradually pass one into the other, so that I cannot even satisfy myself
of the ctficien'ey of them as sectional characters or subgenera. It may be
remarked, that Mr. J. Smith places many species in Minolcpia, which
Prcsl, its founder, never intended to refer to it. On the other hand, Sac-
coloma, as it stands in Presl, is made up of Saccoloma, Kaulf. and J. Sm.,
Micrnlejtice sp. of J. Sm. and Odontoloma, J. Sm. Ilumata of Cavanillcs
and J. Sm. is included iu Davallia by Presl, and I think correctly, when
the dill'erent form of the involucre in some of the species is considered.
Prosaptia of I'resl, seems to me without sufficient reason removed to the
Gi/miiosomp, and Mr. J. Smith goes further, and makes of it a Polj/podiuui.
I speak however only of Prosuptia amliyua, pinnatifida and Emrrsoni.
There is something so peculiar in the habit of the plant, and in the figure
given by I'resi, of Prosuptia hipitttiala, that 1 do not know where it should
be referred. Leucostiyia of Presl (L. iitimcrsn), has a very peculiar appear-
ance, and is well described by Presl. " Frondis — pagina superiore pal-
lidiore faciem pagina; inferioris reliquarum Pilicaccarum prKsefereute,
inferiorc intcnsius viridi nitidi(nc faciem supcrioreni referenle." This is
very distinctly the case, and it is so in a less degree with some true DumL

152 DAVALLIA.

lice (such as D. solida Vc.) With this Leucosteyia of Presl, Mr. J. Smith
has combined the Davalliee, parvula, fulcinella, chcBrophi/lla <kc. The ve-
nation is alike in all as to ramification, m at least there is no marked dif-
ference ; tlie veins coming from a central costa are simple or forked : in
some of the Ilumata gr^up, and in one of the EudavaUicP, they are pecu-
liarly broad and dark-coloureil.

Siibgeii. I. HuMATA, Cav. Involucres orbicular or reniforin, rujid,
subinduraled, the sides as well as the apices free. Caudex long,
creeping, very scaly. Fronds small, coriaceous, entire or once
or more pinnatifidly divided. §§ Humata and Pachyjjleura,
Colposoriaj /V. in part.

* Fronds simple entire, or, the fertile only, siniiated.

1. D. heterophylla, Siu. ; caiidcx long creeping scaly and
liispid with the long reflexed points of the scales, fronds co-
riaceous stipitate arising from a scaly bulb, sterile ones ob-
long- or ovato-lanceolate acuminate entire often waved, fertile
ones linear-lanceolate acuminate deeply sinuato-pinnatifid the
lobes horizontal crenate, involucres reniform copious on the
crenatures of the lobes. — Sm. Act. Taiir. v. p. 415. WiUd.
Sp. PL V. p. 465. Sw. Syn. Fll. p. 130, and 337. Hook, el
Grev. Ic. Fil. p. 230. — Humata ophioglossa, " Cav. Prcel.
1801, y/. 678." — Davallia pinnatifida, Sw. Si//i. Fil. p. 130.
PVilld. Sp. PL V. p. 465. Humata pinnatifida, " Cav. FreeL
1801, ;/. 679."— Davallia lobulosa, WaU. Cat. n. 241.

Hab. Malay Islands, probably general, {Swartz, Smith). Java, &c.
Blume, Zollinger, u. 920. Penang, Wallivh. Singapore, Thos. Lo^b.
Isle Samar, Cuming, n. 335. — An extremely beautiful species, with a very
long, creeping stipes, densely clothed with imbricated scales and coarsely
hispid from the long setaceous reflexed ])oints of these scales. At dif-
ferent distances, and from a scaly bud or bulb, the fronds arise, solitary.
Stipes i an inch to 2 inches long, "naked, slightly winged upwards. Fronds
3 — 5 inches long, but varying a good deal in width, quite entire though
sometimes waved at the margin. Fertile ones much narrower and longer,
deeply sinuato-pinnatitid, with more distant and more divaricating veins :
all the veins are, as it were, sunk and moderately slender, not very evident.

2. D. angastala. Wall. ; caudex rather stout creeping
densely paleaceo- setose, fronds coriaceous lanceolate arising
from a scaly bulb entire or dentate acuminate, fertile ones"
generally much elongated obscurely sinuato- dentate, veins
all parallel simple or forked thickened, involucres small trans-
versely oval forming a single series along the margin. — IValL
Cat. 11. 242. Hook, el Grev. Ic. FIL t. 231.

Hab. Trunks of trees, Singapore, Wallivh, Cuming, n. 367. Penang,
Lady Dalhousie. — A small-growing Fern, with the habit of the preceding,
but very distinct from it, especially in the broad flattened dark-coloured
veins, quite parallel even in the lertilc fronds, and in the smaller Iructili-
cations, which are all placed close to, and parallel with, the slightly cre-
nated margin.

DAVALMA. 153

** Fronds pinnatijid, the lower si'<jments bipinnatijid, rarely ]>innatcd.

S. }).p(crallefu, Wall.; caudox creeping piil(;ac(!ous, fronds
stipitale coriaceous o\ ato-lanceolale acuminate deeply pinna-
tiiid nearly to the racliis, segments close parallel horizontally
patent linear or linear-t)blong subfalcate entire, the lowermost
pair sometimes with a solitary obtuse lobe at the base be-
neath rarely more, involucres semiorbicular copious marginal
but all )K)inting towards the apex of the segments in two close
parallel lines (not pointing towards the margins), veins thick-
ened sunk. (Tab. XLII. A.) — JVall. Cat. n. 251. — Nejdiro-
dium Gaimardianum, Gatul. in Freyc. Voy. Bot. t. 12,/". 1. —
&. fronds and segments narrower, all even the lowest pair of
segments destitute of lobe. Mumata pectinata, /. Sin. En. Fit.
Philip. I. c. not I Vail, and Hook.

Hab. Singapore, Watlich, Titos. Lohb. Moluccas (Ravacli) and Sand-
wich Islands, Gnudiehaud. — ^. Luzon, CumUif/, n. 61. — A species undoubt-
edly nearly allied to the lollowing (D. pectinata), but distinct. The sliape
of the I'roud is less deltoid, it is not so deeply divided ; the segments closer
and more parallel, and tluse arc ([uite entire, except in the lowest ])air,
where there is generally a solitary lobe near the lower base of each. 'J'he
fructificatioiis are more copious and more compact, and the apex of the in-
volucres points to the extremity of the segments not to the margin.

4. D. pectinata, Sm. ; caudex creeping ])aleaceous, fronds
stipitate coriaceous ovato-lauceolate subdeltoid deeply pin-
natifid nearly to the rachis below pinnated, segments or
pinna3 linear-oblong sub-lanceolate spreading crenate (rarely
entire) the inferior ones pinnatifid the lowest pair unequally
so the inferior lobes being the longest, involucres semiorbi-
cular a little distant one on the tooth of each crenature ob-
liquely inclined towards the margin. — Sm. Act. Taur. v. p.
414. &w. Syn. Fit. p. 130. IVilld. Sp. PL v. p. 465. • Hook,
et Grev. Ic. Fil. t. 139.

Hab. Otalieite, Nelson (in Herb. Banks.), Menzies (in Herb, nostr.)
Society Islands, Mathews, n. 24. Sir Thos. Niyhtimjale. Java, lihune. Isl-
and of Jobic, liarclujf. Coral Islands, Beeche;/. — Sir. I as. Smith gives the
East Indies as a locality, on the authority of Mr. llurlock ; but perhaps
erroneously, for I have never seen it from the continent of India, only from
the Pacific.

5. D. alata, Bl. ; " frond linear-lanceolate pectinato-pin-
natifid sub]Hibescent beneath, segments linear obtuse entire
with dccurrent wings, sori niarginal, stipes short winged and
as well as the rachis subpubescent." Blitme, En. Fil. Jav.
p. 230.

Hab. Fissures of rocks, Java, lilume. " Very closely allied to D.pecti-
nata, Sm., but different in the shorter laciuiae," Bl. — May it not be D.
jxirutlela, or a slight variety of it ?

154 DAVALLIA.

*** Fninda siiblcrnatc and pinnatifid, or bi-tripinnatifid.

6. D. pedatn, S\v. ; caudex creeping paleaceous, fronds
sti})itate very coriaceous small deltoideo-cordale somewhat
5-angled tripartito-pinnatifid, the segments patent but inclin-
ing upwards oblong obtuse, fertile ones crenato-dentate, the
two lower primary divisions obliquely ovato-acumVliate, invo-
lucres small semiorbicular or nearly orbicular alternating with
the teeth of the serratures placed close to the margin and
pointing to it, stipes elongated chaffy below^ (Tau. XLV. A.)
Sm. Act. Tanr. v. p. 414. Sw. Syn. Fil. p. 131 and 341 [exxl.
sipi. Cav.?) Wnll. Cat. n. 250. D. cordifoha, Relmo. [fid.
J. Sm.) D. subimbricata, Bl. En. Fil. Jav. p. 231 {accord-
ing/ to an authentic specimen in herb. J. Sm.) Humata pe-
data, J. Sm. — Adiantum repens, Linn. Suppl. — |3. minor,
Nees et Bl. PL Jav. in Act. Nat. Cur. xi. t. 13,/. 1.

Hab. Mauritius, and Marianne Isles (Swartz), and Bourbon, Wallich,
Dojer, Carmichael. Singapore and Sylliet, Wallich. Ceylon, abundant,
Mrs, Genl. Walker. Java, Blume. — This varies in size from 2 — 6 inches,
l)ut scarcely in form, which appears to me very constant, the fertile spe-
cimens however being always the largest and the most divided.

7. D. intermarginalis, Bl. ; " frond on a long stipes ovate
deeply pinnatifid coriaceous glabrous, the segments linear-
oblong obtuse crenated in the middle and at the apex, the
lowest ones auricled below, involucres reniform intermargi-
nal, stipes compressed glabrous, caudex creeping paleaceo-
squamulose." Bl. En. Fil. Jav. p. 230.

Hab. Trees in the interior of Java, Blumc. " Distinguished from the
D. pedata, Sm., D. subimbricata, Bl. — see D.pedata, supra, — and D. scs-
silifolia, by the sori being within the margin (interraarginal), and not nt
the margin."

8. D. sessilifolia, Bl. ; "frond subsessile cordato-oblong
pinnatifid subcoriaceous glabrous, the segments oblong-linear
obtuse crenulate soriferous at the apex all of them approxi-
mate, the lowest ones wider (not longer) subpinnatifid, sori
reniform, caudex creeping ferrugineo-crinite." Bl. En. Fit.
Jav. p. 231.

Hab. On trees, mountains of Salak, Java, Blume. " From the preceding-
species (Z). pcdata, &c.) this is distinguished by the frond being on a short
stipes, by the ovato-oblong circumscription, almost membranaceous texture,
and by the lowest segments being rather shorter than the rest, auriculato-
pinnatifid at the lower margin."

9. D. serrata, Willd. ; "fronds ternate, lobes pinnatifid,
the segments of the sterile frond linear-oblong obtuse serrat-
ed, those of the fertile frond linear-lanceolate acute deeply
serrated, caudex creeping." Willd. Sp. PL v. p. 4(57. — Hu-
mata trilbliata, Cav. Prwl. 1801, n. 680.

DAVAI.UA. 155

Hal). Afiiriamic Islands, {Willdenow). — rroin tlic more full descrijUioii
of Willdenow, as well as from the specific character, I suspect this is a mere
stale of D. j>i(l(Uii, and indeed his remark is " simillima praeccdentis (Z>.
pedata) : " yet he pnls it in a dilVerent section, " frondc ternata," to which
the species has perhaps a hetter claim than to be placed in his first division
"frondc sinuata v. pinnatifida." He (juoles Cavanilles' Ilumata Irifoliala
under this species, which Swart/, refers to D.pedata, and probably concctly.

10. D. Belanfferi, Bovy; caudcx creeping chaflfy, fronds
dt'lloideo-ovato very coriaceons acuminate bipinnatifid tripin-
natifid below glabrous and destitute of scales, ])riinary seg-
ments oblong-lanceolate obtuse cuneate at the base lowest
pair oblicpiely ovate the lower segments longest, idtimatc ones
subcuneate rather short obtuse crenate, stipes glabrous, fruc-
tifications small on the teeth of the crenatures, involucres
nearly orbicular. — Bort/, in BeUing. Voy. Bol. p. 72, /. 7, /I 1.

Ilab. Trunks of trees, Bintcnzorg, Java, Bclawjer. Mergui, n. 4(51, Mr.
Griffitli. — Habit of D. pcdala, but distinct, being twice or even thrice piii-
natiiid, the primary segments more numerous, more distant andmorc divided.

11. D. «/;?///«, Bl. ; "frond stipitate 5-angled cordato-ovate
))innated coriaceous glabrous, pinnie sessile linear-lanceolate
inciso-serrate bearing sori at the incisures, lowest ones larger
rhonibeo-ovate deeply pinnatifid, segments serrated (serrulate
in the sterile plant), involucres reniform, rachis margined and
the stipes subpaleaceous, caudcx cree])ing paleaceo-squa-
mose." BL En. Fit. Jav. p. 231.

Hab. Summit of Mount Gede, Java, lilume. " Habitu similis Davallite
pedalcE, Sm." — probably allied to, if not the same as, D. Belangeri. Blume
places it among the pinnated species.

12. D. CnmiiKjii, Hook. ; caudex long creeping paleace-
ous, stipes elongated setoso-paleaceous, fronds coriaceous
dimorphous, rachis and costa beneath with brown subulate
scales, sterile ones very small cordate obtuse tripartito-])in-
natifid the segments erecto-patent (5 — 10) the up])er ones co-
adunate the two lowest ones obliquely ovate pinnatifid at the
lower margin, all the segments obtuse serrated, fertile fronds
larger cordato-ovate acinninate bipinnate the lowest pair witli
the inferior jHunjc pinnatifid the lower segments longest, all
of them dentato-serrate, fructifications small in the sinuses of
the teeth, involucres suborbicidar. (Tab. XLV. B.) — llinna-
ta pedata, J. Sin. En. Fit. Philipp. I. c.

Halt. Isle of Samar, Philippine Islands, Cuminxj, n. 138. — The barren
fronds of this have a good deal the appearance of D.pedata, but the fertile
ones are extremely dillerent, and in habit approach nearest to the following
one, yet really distinct, 'lliey arc, however, smaller, less couiponndly di-
vided, and the scales on the fronds are of a \erv dilferent cliaiacter.

156 DAVALLIA.

13. D. vestita, Bl. ; caiidcx creeping paleaceous, stipes
elongated paleaceous with lanceolate chaffy scales, fronds co-
riaceous (a span or more high) bipinnate, pinna; lanceolate
subpetiolate pinnatifid the lowermost ones at the base again
pinnate inferior segments the largest, all of them serrato-den-
tate, rachis and costa beneath beset with broadly ovate obtuse
chaffy appressed subpeltate scales, fructifications small in the
axils of the teeth, involucres suborbicular rather broader than
long. (Tab. XLI. C.) — Bl. in En. Fll. Jav. p. 233.

Hab. Trunks of trees, mountains of Java, Blwne, Mr. Millett. — This is
quite distinct from any species with which I am acquainted, especially in
the presence of copious rounded obtuse scales appressed to the under side
of the frond upon the racLis and costa. The stipes is about a span long :
the frond equally lonj^, tripinnate below, the primary piunas numerous re-
mote. Blume says of it, "Z>. «//>m<E, nob. habitu similis, sed fronde ma-
jori bipinnata diversa;" and he indicates two varieties; '"'' var. B; frond
larger, lower pinnae bipinuatifid, pinnules oblong-lanceolate rather obtuse,
segments subinciso-senate." — " Var. C. frond more slender, lowest pinnae
subbipinnatiiid, pinnules (of the lowest pinnae) only inciso-serrate." The
latter inhabits Moluccas and the Celebes Islands. It is the former state
apparently that we possess from Mr. Millett, and which we have here
figured.

14. D. hipinnattfida, Bl.; "bipinnate (quinquangular ova-
to-oblong) coriaceous glabrous, lowest pinnae bipinuatifid,
pinnules lanceolate acuminate coarsely serrated, the segments
(or secondary pinna?) linear acute crenulate, crenules each
with a single sorus, involucres subreniform, rachis margined,
stipes terete glabrous, caudex creeping paleaceous." Bl. En.
Fil. Jav. n. 234.

Hab. On trees in mountain woods of Java, Blume. "Priori {D. vestit(B)
maxime afhnis, pinnulis acuminatis et grosse serratis distincta." The au-
thor does not notice the numerous scales, which are so striking a feature in
the preceding.

(D. lepida, Pr. Tent. Pterid. p. 128, — no description. Presl
places it in the same section with D. pedata, and between
D. serraia, Willd. and D. pectinaia, Sm.)

Subgen. II. Leucostegia. Involucres orbicular or reniform, thin,
membranaceous and usually pale coloured, generally situated in
the sinus of the teeth or segments, the sides as ivell as the apices
free. Fronds small or ample, membranaceous, compoundly di-
vided firstly in a pinnated manner, then pinnatifid. Caudex
long creeping generally scaly. Hook. Gen. Fil. Tab. LII. A.
Genus Leucostegia, Pr., J. Sm. {in part).

15. D. immersa, Wall.; caudex creeping downy and fibrous
with slender roots (not scaly), frond stipitate ovate in circum-
scription membranaceous opaque tripinnate, pinnae pinnatifid

DAVALLIA. 157

ovato-]anccol.ito, segnienls subovatc or obovatc obliquely
cuneato at tlio base paler and sliglitly concave on the u])])cr
side, sori close to tlic margin, involucres large orbiculari-re-
niforni close-pressed sliglitly convex. — Jlall. Cat. n. 25(i.
Leucostcgia iunnersa, Pr. Toil. Pleiid. rum Ic. Hook. Gen.
Fil. I. a.

Hah. Novtlicrn India, Slieopore and Nepal, Wallich. Assam, Mrs.
Mack, Griffith, HfaJor Jnihius. Khi\s\y a, Griffith, Mr. Edtjcirnrlh. — A
very remarkahlo plant, apparently common in Northern India. Tlic invo-
lucres are larpe and lie singnhirly close to the patjina of the segment, and
on that side which is pale and slightly convex (from the curvature of the
margin), peculiarities which characterize the anterior or up))crside in most
fronds : so that, as Prcsl well observes, unless you look carefully at the ra-
chis and stipes, you would say that the Irnctification was on the superior
side instead of the inferior. Stipes 4 — 6 or 7 inches high, sometimes a foot
high. Frond about the same length.

16. D. ? itodosa, Hook.; "frond tripinnate inembranacc-
ous furfuraceous on both sides of the veins, pinnules sessile
(chaffy beneath at their insertions) oblong-lanceolate, secon-
dary ones sessile oblong obtuse pinnatifid, segments cinieiform
obtuse, lowest ones inciso-serratc or at the base again subau-
riculate, sori solitary submarginal, rachis nodose above at the
insertion of the pinna; and ferrugineo-tomcntose, stipes slight-
ly rough or glabrous paleaceous below." BL — Aspidium no-
dosum, Bl. En. Fil. Jnv. p. 171. Acrophorus nodosus, Pr.
Tent. Pterid. p. 93, cum Ic. — Var. B. frond very large de-
com])ouud, the segments pinnatifid, Bl. I. c.

Hab. Woods of the lofty mountains of Java and Molucca, and var. B.
summit of the mountains Gedc, Burangrang and Patuha in Java, lilnme.
— Of this plant, I regret to say, I know notliiiig, but from the remarks of
Blum'~ and Presl, and the figure of the latter author. Blume arranges it in
Axpidiwn, and expresses no doubt of the propriety of so doing. Presl makes
a distinct genus of it, and places it between Ci/xtoptcris and Lmcostegia.
Judging from his figure, I do not see how it differs from Davallia, but he
says " iioccc genus Ci/ntoplcridi valde affine est, differt sons in venulis api-
CJilibus;" — and under Lcucnstei/ia he says, " Acrophoro aflinissimum est."
Mr. J. Smith docs not appear to notice the genus. Link (in Fil. Spec.
Hort. Keg. Berol. cult. p. 41) unites it with Ci/stopteris.

17. D. clurropliylla, Wall.; caudex creejiing stout clothed
with compact imbricated very broad and obtuse scales, fronds
rather small (1-2 feet) ovate acuminate membranaceous flac-
cid generally ]iale green 3- 4-))innate, rachides winged, jiri-
mary pinnie oblong ovate acuminate, secondary and tertiary
ones ovate obtuse, |)innules lanceolate deeply pinnatifid with
linear-lanceolate ialcale segments entire or with an iinier
tooth, involucres on the middle of" the segment bek)W the si-
nus of the tooth and at the axil of a pair of veinlets reniform

158 DAVAI.I.IA.

rather large, stipes a little scaly l)clo\v and rising from a very
scalv gemma, all the scales oval obtuse. (Tau, LI. A.) —
Wall. Cat. >i. 259. D. ligulata, IFalL MSS. in Herb. Hook.
Lcncostegia ligulata, J. Sm.

Hal). Nortliern India, Nepal, Wallich. Maainloo, Khasiya &c. Griffith.
Masiiri, Mr. Edgeworth. Simla, Ladif Dalhousie, (Fielding). Assam, Mrs.
Mack, Major Jenkins. — Caudex remarliable for the olituse imbricated
scales, which also extend to the stipes on the lower part. Stipes 6 — 8
inches high. Frond 1 — 2 feet, generally pale green.

18. D. affinis, Hook. ; caudex creeping thick clothed with
long narrow subulate scales, fronds ample tall ovato-lanceo-
late membranaceous 3- 4-pinnatc or supradecompound, pri-
mary pinnae petiolate ovato-lanceolatc acuminate, secondary
petiolatc oblong-ovate, pinnules ovate deeply i)innatifid, the
segments ovate acute subfalcate entire or generally (the fer-
tile ones) with a tooth on the inner margin, involucres small
hemispherical or subreniform })laced near the centre of a seg-
ment below the sinus of the tooth, (veins slender black).
(Tab. Lll. B.) Leucostegia affmis, J. Sm. En. Fit. Philipp.
I. c. (name only).

Hah. Luzon, Cuming, n. 215, and n. 117. Ceylon, Mrs. Genl. Walker,
apparently abundant. Penang, Z-(u/v Dalhousie. Java, Mr. 3Iillett. — An
extremely handsome species, with more ample fronds (2 — 3 feet high), and
more copiously divided than the preceding, of a very membranous but ra-
ther firm texture, darker colour, and with a slender black vein in the seg-
ments. Probably in naming this Leucostegia affinis, ]Mr. J. Smith had in
mind our Davallia chcerophi/lla , Wall., which is its nearest affinity, but be-
sides the differences just mentioned, the scales of the caudex and of the
lower part of the stipes are of a totally different character,

19. D. Nov(B Zelandice, Col.; caudex creeping slender
hairy as the lower part of the caudex and the axils of the pri-
mary pinna; with soft copious jointed ferruginous hairs, fronds
rather tall ovate acuminate tri])innate membranaceous but
rather rigid, divisions all rather distant, ultimate pinnules
lanceolate deeply pinnatifid, ])innules ovato-lanceolate falcate
cusjudato-acute entire or with one or two teeth, fructifications
rather large upon the lateral tooth rarely in a sinus, involu-
cres subreniform at length reflexed iVom the enlargement of
the sorus, rachis flcxuose. (Tab. LI. B.) — Colenso in Tasm.
Journ. of Nat. Sc. — Hook. Fil. in Lond. Journ. of Bot. iii.
p. 418. D. hispida, Hew. MSS.

Hab. New Zealand, northern island, A. Cunningham, in Herb. Heivard.
n. 214. Both upon the coast and in the interior, Mr. Colenso, n. 50, Ste-
phenson, n. 121. — Quite distiuct from any other Davallia, but allied to D,
cJicRrophylla, Wall, aud to the preceding, D. affinis, J. Sm., in size most
resembling the former one. Caudex slender, creeping, hairy or almost to-

UAVALr.lA.

159

incntose with jointed soft fornipiiious hairs, not at all scaly, sendint;; down
nunieruus hairy fibrous roots from the base. Stipes (> — (-( inches hijfli,
maho}!^any brown, sliininp : main rachis the same, flcxnose and slender.
Frond H inches to a foot lonp, membranaceous, but very firm, tliriee pin-
nated. Sori large in inoportion to the scfrniculs, often ecjual in breadth to
the segments on which they are placed. Tlic colour of the frond is brown-
ish green, slightly glossy, much paler below. Mr. Heward has given a very
appropriate name to the species in his herbarium, which we would gladly
adopt, but tliat Mr. Colenso's name is sent to us as published in the
' Tasmanian Journal of Science ' in a number jnobably which has not yet
reached this country.

20. D. ntei)thranulosa, Wall.; caudex hispid with very long
slender siibidale rigid nienibranaccous scales, frond small
very thin and membranaceous ovato-lanccolate and as well
as the slender sti])es and rachis pubescenti-hirsute bipinnate,
jiiuniu alternate lanceolate their rachis winged, pinnidc^s lan-
ceolate ])innatifid, the segments ovato-lanceolate siibfalcate
very acute entire or rarely toothed, involucres small ovato-
subrotund acute very thin and membranaceous fixed by the
broad base the rest free. (Tab. LIII. A.) Wall. Cat. nl2do.

Hab. Nepal, Wallich. — A small and very delicate species, with the habit
of Ci/stoptn-is, but the sorus is at the apex of a vein, although the involu-
cres are more sharp-pointed than is usual with Davallia. Caudex with
long ferruginous narrow subulate scales. Stipes 2 — 3 inches high, and, as
well as the rachis, which is winged above, very slender, almost filiform.
Frond a span long. Primary pinnaj 2 inches long, lanceolate, of a red-
brown colour.

21. D.falcinella, Pr. ; caudex creeping rather thick branch-
ed densely covered with spreading very long subulato-setace-
ous scales paler at the apices of the caudex, frond deltoideo-
cordate sub-membranaceous 4-pinnatifid (rachis everywhere
winged), ultimate pimniles oblong pinnaiifid, segments lan-
ceolate subfalcate acute entire, in the fertile specimens bi-
dentate the teeth unequal spreading, the sorus occupying the
sinus between two veins but not reaching to the margin, in-
volucre large in proportion to the size of the segments nearly
orbicular flat truncated at the apex, rachis not winged. —
Pre.sl, Ixeliq. Hank. \. p. QQ, t. 11,/. 2. Leucostcgia, J. Sm.

Hab. Malay Islands, Sorzogon (Pres/). Leyte, Cuming ^n.'M)\. — A
small elegant species, with a singularly crinite caudex and a small frond
(4 — .') inches long), which exhibits a considerably different appearance in the
fertile and in the sterile state : in the former the ultimate lacinire dividing
into two unequal spreading slightly incurved teeth, between which, at a lit-
tle distance from the margin, the large flat involucre is inserted. Tliis in-
volucre is scarcely fixed by a sufficiently narrow base to justify the species
being placed in this division, yet the habit of the plant and the Hat (not
convex or semiterete) involucres, seeiu rather to point out its affinity to be
with the i)resent.

160 DAVALLIA.

22. D. parvuluy Wall.; caudex long creeping clothed with
lax subulate scales, frond very small deltoid tripinnatifid gla-
brous rigid (from the stout costa;), segments linear throughout
slightly grooved above when dry unequally forl<ed and acute
at the apices, sori at the sinus of the forks, involucres subor-
bicular dilated above and broader than the segments. — Wall.
Cat. n^ 247. Hook, et Grev. Ic. Fil. f. 138. Leucostegia,
J.Sm.

Hah, Singapore, Dr. Wallich, 1822. — I am not aware tliat this beauti-
ful little fern, of wliicb tlie fronds are scarcely more than an inch long, and
the stipes about the same length, has been detected by any one except Dr.
Wallich, and by him only in the island of Singapore. It there fonns large
tufts with its long interlaced creeping caudices, bearing numerous fronds
which arise pretty close together, but from different distances. The rigid-
ity of the frond seems due to the wide and stout costae, and the very small
quantity of foliaceous substance, which merely forms a sometimes scarcely
perceptible narrow wing.

23, D. pulchra., Don; "frond ovate pinnate glabrous, leaf-
lets deeply pinnated, segments inciso-lobate, lobes linear-
lanceolate acute, sori solitary, involucres scariose, stipes and
rachis very glabrous." Don, Prodr. Fl. Nep. p. II. Leuco-
stegia, J. Sm .

Hab. Nepaul, Wallich. " Fronds very elegant, a foot high or more,
slender, full green, finely cut." — This is in all probability some one of Dr.
Wallich's species elsewhere mentioned ; but, with such a meagre descrip-
tion, and no figure, I am unable to refer it to its proper place.

Subgen. III. Prosaptia. Sori marginal, terminal tipon a segment
or lobule of the frond. Involucre cuneato-semiterete, truncate
and opening at the apex : its texture that of the frond, of
which it appears to be formed. — Tufted rather small Ferns,
natives of the Malay Archipelago, Ceylon, and the Pacific
Islands. Fronds almost sessile, erect, simple, pinnatifid or sub-
pinnatifid, coriaceous, more or less hairy or glabrous, very
opaque, with sunken obscure plmiated veins, terminating ivithin
the margin and clavate at the apex. — Genus Prosaptia among
Gymnosoreae, Pr. Polypodium, J. Sm.

Obs. I feel unwilling to multiply genera unnecessarily, and retain this
group among the DavalHfc ; though I think, on account of its habit, rather
than from any important character in the fructification, it deserves to con-
stitute a genus better than any other other group oi Davallice. But I can-
not agree with Presl, who places it among his " Gymnosorece ; '^ still less
with Mr. J. Smith, who unites it to Polypodium. — I have never seen the
Prosaptia bipinnata Presl ; but judging from the figure (for there is no de-
scription) it ought not to be referred hither, though I know not where else
to place it. Its involucres are represented as a truncated cone, open
at the summit and projecting forward from the margin of the pinna be-
neath. The habit is more that of the pinnated section of our subgenus
" Microlepia."

I)AVALF,IA. 101

24. D. Emersoni, Hook, ct (ircv.; tufted, fronds aggregate
sessile lanceolate pinnatifid from the margin lialf-way down
to the costa attenuated and entire at tlie a})ex, the lohes ob-
long obtuse entire bearing 1 — (> sori at the a])ices. llook.ct
Grcv. Ic. Fil. t. 105. — /3. minor; smaller, segments rarely
bearing more than one sorus. D. serra^formis, Wall. Cat.
n. 249. Hook. Ic. PI. t. 93. Polypodium sevra^fonne, ./. Sui.
Prosaptia, Pr.

Hal). Ceylon, Dr. Emersou, Mrs. Genl. Walker. — /3. Penang, Dr. Wal-
lic/i, Lnili/ Dallimmc. Luzon, Cumvuj, n. 2G1. — Varying in huiglit from
6 inches to a foot.

95. D. conlujiia, S\v. ; tufted or with a very short some-
what crecjHng caudex, fronds aggregate lanceolate attenuate
at both extremities on a short stipes pinnatifid throughout
from the margin almost to the costa glabrous, segments linear
entire or subpinnatifid witli one or more lobules towards the
extremity, sori solitary terminal upon a segment or lobule. —
Sw. Si/n. Fil. p. 130. IVilld. Sp. PL v. p. 4G5. Jil. En. Fil.
Jav. p. 230. Hook. et. Grev. Ic. Fil. #.141. Prosaptia, Pr.
Polypodium, J. Snt. Trichomanes contiguum, Forst. Proilr.
n. 463, [et in Herb. Banks.)

Hab. Pacific Isles, Hnalieiue ? Forstor. Otalieite, D. Nelson. Java,
Dr. Horsfeld, Bhoiie. Cevlon, Dr. Emerson, 3frs. Gen. Walker, Philip-
pine Islands, Cumin;/, n. '2J(). — Habit of the preceding, but more deeply
divided, even to the very apex, the segments much uarrower, with a great
disposition to be again ])innati(ld, and bearing only one terminal sorus
upon cr.cli segment or lobule.

26. D. Preslii, Hook.; frond pinnatifid nearly to the costa
hairy as well as the involucres. Prosaptia pinnatifida, Pr.
Tent. Pterid. p. 166 (name onlij), t. 6, n. 25, (not Davallia
pinnatifida, Snt.) Davallia pectinata, Meyen, Herb.{not Sm.)

Hal). Luzou, (Prcsl). — I have drawn up the above brief character from
Presl's figure, in the absence of any description. It would seem to be a
hairy state of D. contigua.

Dubious Species of (his Subgenus.

27. D..'' bipinnnta, Hook.; frond bipinnate, pinna; broad
half ovate truncate at the base above, involucres standing for-
ward from tlie margin beneath. P'
p. 166, [name only), tab. 6,f. 19.

Hab. West Indies, {Prcsl). — The native country of this plant, no less
than the different habit and peculiar fructification (as far as can be learned
from the figure), would lead to the opinion that it is far removed from
Prosaptia .

Subgeii. IV. EuDAVALLiA. Sori maryinnl or nearhj so, frequently
in (1 Rinux of the segments or terminal upon the segments.

M

162 UAVALLIA.

Involucres elongated more or less, between membranous and cO'
riaceous, approaching to semicylindrical, urceolate or cuneate,
the sides as well as the base confluent with the frond, the apex
only free and usually truncated. — Chiefly E. Indian and Ma-
layan Fems. Caude.v long, creeping, stout, scaly. Fronds
coriaceous, frequently ample, ternati-pinnate or compoundly
pinnate, the pinnae more or less pinnatifld, the segments gene-
rally more or less attenuated {not dilated upwards) Hook.
Gen. Fi I.. TAB 27. DuviiWi^L, J. Sm. in part. Stenolobus,
Pr. awr/" Davallia, § 3. Colposoria, in part, and § 4. Odontoso-
ria, in part, Pr.
Obs. This group has its representative in D. Canariensis, Sm., which I
consider to be the type of that author's genus DavaUia. It is a natural
assemblage, including species of great beauty ; mostly bearing ample, coria-
ceous, glossy fronds, with coriaceous involucres, which in general may be
described as half tubular, the sides as well as the base being incorporated
with the frond, and in that respect approaching the previous subgenus,
Prosaplia ; but differing from it in habit and in the texture of the invo-
lucre and in the presence of the long scaly creeping caudex. Some of the
present group, with the most elongated involucres, Professor Presl has dis-
tinguished as a genus, by the name of St^nolobu.i, and, misled, perhaps, by
Schkuhr's figure of D. solida (the type of this genus), he has described the
stalks of the capsules as arising from a slender filiform receptacle, which
as Mr. J. Smith has justly observed, is by no means the case : and
the species of the genus in question have nothing to distinguish them even
as a section from these true DavaUia;. jMr. J. Smith, on the other hand,
has united with them the species of the section " Odontosoria" of Presl,
which, as it appears, are fully entitled by character and habit to be kept
separate from them. The difficulty of discriminating several of the species
of this group, it must be confessed, is very great; for the pinna;, or seg-
ments, often vary much in form in different parts of the same plant; and
even figures are scarcely sufficiently characteristic, except they are upon a
large scale.

* Fronds small, ternate or quinate.
28. D. triphyllay Hook. ; caudex stout creeping covered
with chaffy scales, fronds coriaceous small ternate, pinnae ob-
long-lanceolate obtuse cmieate at the base in fertile plants
more elongated all of them entire, intermediate ones petiolate,
lateral ones shorter sessile oblique at the base, veins hori-
zontally patent copious crowded parallel forked thickened
flat (not prominent), involucres semicylindrical compressed
crowded so as to form an uninterrupted marginal line the
whole length of the pinna?. (Tab. XLVI. A.) — Stenolobus
pentaphyllus, J. Sm. En. Fil. Philipp. I. c. {not DavalUa
pentaphylla, Bl.)

Hal). Sincapnre, Cuming, n. 366. — A beautiful species, which is cer-
tainly distinct from the D. pentaphylla of Blume, to which ]Mr. J. Smith
had referred it ; for that has a quinate or rather quinato-pinnate frond, with
the sterile frond distinctly serrated : whereas our plant has not, so far as I
have seen, more than three pinna;, and the sterile fronds equally entire with

DAVALMA. 163

the fertile ones, difTennp; from cacli oilier indeed only in the shorter .md
broader pinnae of the sterile individuals. — Candex with closely imbricated
paleaceous scales, havina: Ion}": wiry points. Stipes .'5 — 1 inches long, ter-
minal pinna 4-;> inches long.

29. D. pciitaphi/lUt, Bl. ; froiul tcrnatc or qiiinato-pinnato
coriaceous quite glabrous, jmiukc lanceolate cuneatc at the
base unequally serrated, lerlile ones (ternate) narrower elon-
gated, sori oblong truncated marginal, stipes glabrous, caudex
creeping. Bl. En. Fit. Jar. p. 23-2.

Hab. Woods of Java, Province of Hantani, Tjanjor, i!^c. Blumr. — An
equally elegant species with the preceding, and \ery distinct from it.

** Fronds decompoundly divided.

30. D. solida, S\v.; tall, caudex stout crec])ing clothed with
densely imbricated scales, fronds coriaceous tri- subquadri-
pinnate, pinn;c acuminate, ])innules traj)eziform aciuninate
pinnatifid many-veined, terminal ones crenato-serrate coadu-
nate into an acuminated point, involucres linear-oblong sunk
in a tooth or segment having a narrow wing on each side
or entire. — Su\ St/ii. Fit. p. 132 and 345. JV/lkl. Sp. PL
V. p. 470. Sc/iklt. Fil. t. 12G. " D. ])rocera, Hcdiv. Fit. Fasc.
iv, tab. {in descr. elegans") Jidc Siv. — 0. laf (folia ; pinnules
wider, the soriferous segments entire (without terminal teeth).
(Tab. XLII. B.) D. ornala, Wall. Cat. n. 2i0. Stenolobus
ornatus, Pr. [name onlij). — y. caiidata; pinna? narrower,
apices of the pinnules long caudate, involucres with a small
incurved terminal tooth on one or both sides, sometimes
entire. D. caudata, Wall. Cat. n. 2220, an Sir.? Stenolo-
bus Kunzeanus, Pr. Tent. Plcrid. p. 130, t. 4,/. 30, [name
and Jigurc only). " D. elegans, Kze. herb, nee Swariz"
(Pr.) D. solida, B. lacera, Bl. En. Fil. Jav. p. 234. Tri-
chomanes soliduui, Forster, Prodr. n. Alb.

Hab. Pacific Islands, Forstcr. Otaheiie, 3Ieuzies, Nightingale. New
Ireland, Harclag. Piteairn's Island, Mathews. Maiden Island, Macrae.
Ja.v»,Millett, Bhtvie. — /3. Penang, Wallich, Lady Dalhousie. Singapore,
Wallich. bnzon, Cuming, n. 78. — y. Sincapore, Wallich. Island of Va-
nicoro, {Presl), Java, Jiltime. — A very variable plant, as it api)ears to me,
of which the figure of Schkuhr exhibits, perhaps, the more usu;il form: onr
plate on the other hand the larger state ; while our var. y. to which I think
Stenolobus Kunzeanus, Vx. may be referred, represents the opposite extreme.
In this, and several others of the present section, the broad pinnules exhi-
bit a rather close and copious venation, but there is an entire absence of the
striae or pseudo-veins, by which, and by the longer involucres, the present
species is distinguished from D. elegans.

31. D. Lindleyi^ Hook.; caudex creeping short thick
densely clothed with subulate ciliated scales, fronds small
coriaceous glabrous bi-tri]iinnatc doltoideo-ovate on a long

M 2

164 DAVALLIA.

stipes, pinna; ])innatificl ultimate ones and segments lanceo-
late (sterile ones broad) pinnatifid, lobules short truncate
soriferous almost wholly occui)icd by the somewhat half-cup-
shaped or urceolato truncated involucres. (Tab. LVIIL B.)

Hal). New Zealand, {Dr. Lindlei/).—A. small plant, not in a very perfect
state, the fructifiecl frond hcins; yoimg;, resembling D. solida in miniature,
especially in the structure of the sterile frond : but the sori are very differ-
ent, and more like those of D. pyxidatfi, being short and as it were
sunk in the truncated lobule, which has a very slight external margin or
wing, formed of the frond itself. Stipes of the sterile frond 5 inches high;
frond 3 inches : of the fertile one a span high ; its frond 4 inches. I pos-
sess a larger specimen, given me by the late Mr. Lambert, and marked as
from Jamaica, but probably by mistake. It seems to be identical with
this from New Zealand.

32. D. caiidata, Cav. ; " fronds decompound, leaflets lato-
lanceolate subbipinnatifid attenuated at the apex, pinna)
acuminate somewhat eared at the base above, crenatures ob-
tuse." Cav. Prcel. \SOl, it. 694. Sw. Si/n. Fll. p. 132. Willd
Sp. PI. V. }y. 472.

Hab. Philippine Islands {Swartz). — This I do not know ; but it may pro-
bably be a variety of D. solida, than which Swartz says it is " larger, with
the leaflets nearly opposite broadly lanceolate subfalcate pinnated, ending in
an elongated apex : the pinnae tiapezio-lanceolalo acuminate an inch and
a half long; lower ones incised subpinnatifid ; superior ones undivided, all
obtusely serrated at the margin. Fructifications inserted at the serratures,
oblong, obtuse."

33. D. Manriliava, Hook.; caudex very stout creeping
densely woolly with long subulate ciliated and hairy scales,

' fronds ample deltoid between coriaceous and membranace-
ous 4-pinnate, pinna; caudato- acuminate, pinnules ovate
acuminate deeply pinnatifid, segments lanceolate or linear
slightly patent laciniated or again pinnatifid, lacinise linear
narrow terminated by an involucre which in conjunction wdth
the apex of the lacinia is nearly cylindrical compressed nar-
rower upwards truncated and contracted at the mouth rarely
a little winged at the very base. (Tab, LV. B.)

Hab. Mauritius, Carmichad, Bojer. — Most nearly allied to D. .W;V/a,
but much less coriaceous, with narrower more elongated and more deeply
divided segments, which are a little contracted where the involucres are set
on: and the apex of the segment which bears the involucre is slightly
changed in colour, and being no wider than the involucre, it assumes the
appearance of the free cylindrical involucre of a Trichomanes or a Lo-vsoma.

34. D. elegans, Sw. ; caudex stout creeping scaly and
woolly, fronds tall subcoriaceous ovato-acuminate tri-quadri-
pinnate, pinnules lanceolate pinnatifid acuminate striated with
pseudo-veins between the true veins, ultimate pinnules lobato-
crenate, lobules entire or more usually one- or two-toothed,

DAVALLIA. 165

involucres half cup-shaped a little elongated sunk inserted
upon the lobe com]ircsscd truncate at the mouth. — Sw. Si/u.
Fit. p. 13-2, and p. :5J7. Jnild. Sp. PL v. p. 471. liyi. Cat.
n. 253. — a. bidenfala ; glossy, i)inna) acuminate, fertile lo-
bules with 2 unequal incurved teeth one on each side of the
sorus. 1). bidentata,6V///v7/. ^7/. t. 1-27.— jS. piilchra; fronds
very coriaceous green when dry, pinna3 nuich acuminated,
pinnules blunt, fertile lobules truncate or rarely with 2 short
erect teeth. (Tab. XLIII. A.) — y. sahunidentata : o])aque,
segments moderately acuminate, lobules truncate with one
short tooth or rarely two and then unequal. (Tau. XLllI. B.)

— ^. coniifulia; similar to the last, but the segments narrow-
er, and more deeply cut. D. coniifolia. Wall. Cat. ii. 252.

— E. cdcntnla; similar to the last, but fertile lobules without
teeth. — f. same as the last, but with 2 short diverging teeth
on the fertile lobules.

Hal), a. Cbina, Canton, Swart:. Tranquebar, .lava, {Willdcnow). Ma-
dras Peninsula, Ilci/ne, Dr. Wight. Penang, Wallich. East coast of tro-
pical New Holland, Brown, A. Cunninyham. Madagascar, Dr. Li/all,
Bojer. — 0. Sincapore, Thns. Lnbb. Olaheite, Menzies. China, Dcevhei/. —
y. Java, Zollinger, jj. 147. — 8. Rangoon, Wallich. — e. Mergui, Griffith, n.
(,i7. — C Ceylon, Mrs. Gcnl. Walker. — Apparently a very general plant in
the East Indies, Loth on the Continent and Islands, and in Tropical
New Holland. Remarkable for the elegant divisions of its fronds, and for
the dark-coloured lines upon the segments, giving them a striated appear-
ance, but wbicli can hardly be called true veins, for they are often not visi-
ble when the frond is held up between the eye and the light, although the
real veins then become more apparent. I regret that this striated appear-
ance is omitted (nor is it easy to represent it in a figure) both in the plate
of Schkuhr, and in the outline sketches here given: but something of the
kind is shown upon our D. elata, Tab. LV. A.

35. D. ?iitidala, Kze. ; "frond triangidar subcoriaceous
nearly glabrous paler beneath subtripartite tripinnate, pinnae
alternate ]ietiolate patent ovate acuminate slightly curved
lowest ones more remote nearly ojiposite, secondary pinnides
from a cuneate base unequally ovate obtuse pinnatilid or in-
cised, segments cuneato-oblong retuse or subemarginate at
the apex subincised bearing sori, involucres obovate trun-
cated, rachis and moderately long stipes llexuose glabrous,
caudex creeping chally." Kze. (Tab. XLIV. A.) — Kze. Fil.
Aiistr. t. 37, in LitiiKm, x. p. 545, and in Schkh. Fil. Suppl.
Afr. f. 2.

Hab. South Africa, Drege. — Kunze'srepresentixtion of this plant is excel-
lent, and I would not have pul)lished my present figure (admirably as it
represents a portion of the plant), but that it was prepared before I was
ac(iuaintcd with Kunze's plate. The aflinity of the species is surely with
D. e.legms, I think rather than with D. data, as the accurate Kunze inti-
mates. It dilfers however I'rom our last species in the absence of stria*.

166 DAVALLTA.

36. D. elata, S\v. ; caudex ? fronds 3-4-pinnate sub-

coriaceojis glabrous, pinnae altcnuato-caudate, ultimate pin-
nules or segments ovato-lanccolate sub-obtuse ])innatifid
striated, segments inciso-senvate lower ones again pinnatifid,
sori in the axils of the serratures (/. e. with a tooth on the
outside) rather small upper half (or nearly so) free attenuated
forming a lip. (Tab. LV. k.)—Sw. Syn. Fil p. 131 and 344.
Schkuhr, Fil. i. 127, b. Willd. Sp. PL v. p. 472. Wibelia
elata, Ber)th. In Schrad. Juurn. 1801, /a 122, t. 1,/. 2. Tri-
chomanes elatuni, Forst. Prodr. n. 474. Davallia epiphylla,
Forst. Prodr. n. 471. Sw. Syn. Fil. p. 134 and 352. Willd.
Sp. PL V. 473. Schkuhr, Fil. t. 127, b. Trichomancs epi-
phyllum, Forsl. Prodr. n. 471. Wibelia multifida, Bernh. in
Schrad. Jo urn. L c.f. c, a, b.

Hab. Otaheite, Forster, Menzies. Western Java, Blume. — In habit
closely allied to D. elegans, and like it striated or marked witli lines or
pseudo-veins between the veins : but the involucres are very different, and
well defined both by Bernhardi, who made a f,^enus of it, and by Swartz :
still none of the figures of Bernhardi or of Schkulir represent the true form
of the involucre. An examination of the Banksian herbarium has satisfied
me that the Trichomanes elalum and T. epiphi/llum are one and the same
species of Davallia.

37. D. Fejeensis, Hook. ; caudex } frond coriaceous,

AS it would appear deconipoundly pinnate, pinnae lanceolate
acuminate deeply pinnatifid the segments crecto-patent al-
most appressecl narrow linear simple or bifid, involucres li-
near sunk in the apices of the narrow elongated segments so
as to have a narrow wing on each side (no teeth). (Tab.
LV. D.)

Hab. Nukalau island of the Fejee group, Barclay. — I have only seen a
small specimen (about thrice the size of the figure, tab. LV. D.) which is
in my own herbarium, and a still smaller one in that of Mr. J. Smith, yet
I cannot but look upon it as quite distinct from any other of this genus.
It is many times compound, the principal pinnae much — almost caudato —
acuminate, and all of them pinnatifid, with the long narrow segments point-
ing upwards (erecto-appressed), and sometimes a little dilated towards the
apex, so that they may be said to be linear-clavate; yet not sufficiently
to justify the species being placed in the group of " Odontosori" from all
of which the sori will at once distinguish it: they are among the longest and
narrowest of the genus. Probably the D. epiphylla of Blume is different,
for he says " tenuitate frondis ac serraturis quasi spinescentibus, facile a
Davallia elata, Sw. distinguilur."

38. D. patem, Sw. ; " fronds ample triplicato-pinnate gla-
brous, pinna? and pinnules subalternate rather remote ovato-
oblong very acuminate, secondary ones below pinnatifid,
segments rather remote cuneato-linear obtuse serrulate, ser-
ratures bearing the sorus exserted bidentate (between the

KAVALLIA. 167

nearly erect teeth monosoroiis), stipes and rachis glabrous."
Bl.—Stc. Sf/Ji. Fit. p. 132. ]Vill(l. Sp. PI. V. p. Alb. lit. En.
Fil. Jav. p. 25ii. — /V/r. H. iVond more incnibrunaccous (tcnu-
ioro), tlic sogments of the pinnules nairowcr on the lower
margin not unlVequently entire. Bl. I. c.

Hah. East Indies, Su-artz. Trees and roeks in sliady and moist places,
western Java. — /3. Moluccas, lilume. — With this I am unacijuainted.
Blume remarks that "its nearest affinity is with D. data, from which it dif-
fers in the frond beinjj!: more sprcadinj^, more rigid, in the secondary pin-
nules being much elongated towards the extremity, and in the segments of
tlie pinnules being narrower and simply serrulate."

39. D. diraricata, Bl. (non Schlecht.) ; "frond ample tri-
plicato-pinnatc glabrous, pinna; and pinnules subalternatc
remote ovato-oblong very much acuminated, secondary ones
pinnatifid, segments siibfalcato-linear subinciso-scrrate, ser-
raturcs bearing sori in the middle, .stipes and rachis glabrous,
caudex ])alcaceous." BL En. Fil. Jav. p. 237. — Var. U.
more slender in every part, secondary pinnules pinnatifid
only below, the rest coarsely inciso-serratc. Bl. I. c.

Hab. Mountain woods of Java, Blume. " From D. clala, to which it ap-
proaches very near, it diflfers in the large and very patent frond, in the nar-
rower and more distant segments, and in the sori being remote from the
margin of tlie incisures, not inserted upon the teeth." BL

40. D. mucronata, Bl. ; "frond bipinnate and as well as
the trigonous stipes glabrous ferruginous, pinna3 alternate
ovato-oblong caudate, lower ones pinnatifid, pinnules pinna-
tifid mucronate, secondary ones linear rather acute unequally
serrulate, serratures incurved bearing sori in the middle, sori
subrotund." Bl. En. Fil. Jav. p. 235.

Uab. Lofty mountains of Java, Blume. — Blume places this next to D.
elegans, and observes that D. caudata, Cav. seems to differ in the pinnules
or segments being crcnated.

41. D. decurrcns. Hook. ; caudex .? frond ample coria-

ceo-membranaceous 3- 4-pinnate, pinna) distant lanceolate
acuminate lower pinnules pinnatifid pctiolate upper ones and
the segments of the pinnules oblong rather acute decurrent
so as to form a winged rachis, the segments serrated, each
lobide bearing an oval truncated involucre below the ajiex
in the sinus, having a short blunt tooth on the outside (veins
pinnated, no stria)). (Ta». XLIV, B.)— - D. alata, J. Sm. En.
Fil. I. c. name only {not Bl.)

Hab. Isle of Bohol, Philippine Islands, Cmw/h^.— Mr. J. Smith had
given a very appropriate name to this plant, but which is not tenable,
being previously taken up by Blume fur another species. The present is
very distinct: the pinnae arc below |)innaled, but the superior pinnules
or segments, though distant by the decurrent bases, which give a winged

168 DAVALLIA.

character to the rachis. There are no strise or pseudo -veins, as in D. ele-
(jans and D. elata, and the involucres are inserted below the apex of the
teeth or lobules.

42. D. polyanilia, Hook. ; tall coriaceous, frond 3- 4-pin-
nate, pinnae distant ovato-lanceolate acuminate, lower pin-
nules deeply pinnatifid almost to the rachis petiolate, upper
ones and the segments of the pinnules oblong rather acute,
ultimate ones decurrent so as to form a winged rachis, all of
them crenato-serrate, veins pinnated no stria?, each lobule
bearing an oval truncated involucre rather considerably be-
low the apex with a very short erect tooth on the outside (of-
ten obsolete). (Tab. LIX. A.)

Hab. Sincapore, Thos. Lohh. — I was at first disposed to refer this to
the D. decurrcns,]\\?,i described (Z). ahila, J. Sm. not BL), but I feel satis-
fied that it is different. It is of a more rigid and coriaceous texture, more
glossy; the winged rachis is only confined to the upper segments; the low-
er segments are more deeply pinnatifid, and the involucres (which are
copious in both) are a little different in form, and more distant from the
margin.

43. D. Vogelii, Hook. ; caudex long creeping stout dense-
ly clothed with shaggy hair-like subulate fimbriated scales,
frond rather small deltoid-ovate submembranaceous 4-pin-
nate, pinna? ovato-lanceolate, ultimate pinnules lanceolate
decurrent acute sharjily pinnatifid segments acute incurved
not striated, involucres half oval truncated inserted below the
transverse sinus of the segment (or tooth). (Tab. LIX. B.)

Hab. Fernando Po, Dr. Vogel. — A rather small plant: frond scarcely a
foot long, yet in habit and ramification and form of the pinna; and seg-
ments so much resembling D. elet/ans, that I can point out no other marks
of distinction, save the more membranaceous texture, the total absence of
stria; or pseudo-veins, and the longer segments or teeth extending far be-
yond the involucre.

44. D. Griffitlnana, Hook, ; caudex long stout creeping
clothed with copious pale-coloured shaggy fimbriato-pilose
scales, frond deltoideo-ovate subcoriaceous tripinnate, pinnae
acuminate, pinnules oblong-lanceolate petiolulate obtuse ob-
liquely cuneate at the base pinnatifid, lower ones again pin-
nate, lobes short obtuse or retuse almost obsolete on the lower
margin, involucres flat orbiculate the upper half free placed
at a distance from the apex of the lobules and chiefly upon
those of the superior margin, rachides (except the primary
ones) winged, stipes elongated. (Tab. XLTX. B.) — jS. more
coriaceous, with a faint appearance of strioe or pseudo-veins.

Hal). Northern India, Assam, n. 910, and /3. Khasiya, Mr. Griffith. — I
do not know any species with which this can be confounded, if the blunt
segments or lobules of the pinnules be considered, and the form and situa-

tion of the fiuctilications, which u good deal rcseiiihlc those of the Leuco-
sletjia group, though the luihit of the pluut is that of EmluvalUa. In the
var. ^. the texture is much more coriaceous, and there is an appearance,
though obscure, of the striae or pseudo-veins which arc so remarkable in
D. elegans.

45. D. bullata, Wall.; small, caudex creeping clothed with

copious subsqtiarrosc ferruginous subulate crinite scales,
frond deltoideo-ovatc submenibranaceous tripinnalc, fertile
specimens copiously bullate on the u])))er side, lower primary
pinnie subopposite ovate acuminate, ])innules lanceolate deep-
ly pinnatifid, segments entire or again inciso-pinnatifid, seg-
ments falcato-incurved linear acute, involucres oblong-ctip-
shapcd trimcate from the inside of the falcate segment arising
from the sinus of a small inner tooth. (Tab. L. B.) D. bul-
lata, IVall. Cat. n. 258.

Hab. Nepal, Dr. Wallich, 18'21. Assam, Mrs. Mack. — A small plant
with a very long creeping caudex, densely clothed with dark brown scales.
Frond about a span long ; seen on the upper surface it presents a great num-
ber of oval swehings, which correspond with the sori on the opposite side,
so that if these fructifications were terminal on a narrow segment, they
would resemble those of Loxsoma. It is these nimierous swellings, no
doubt, that suggested the specific name to Dr. Wallich.

46. D. Canaricnsis, Sm.; caudex long stout creeping
densely clothed with lanceolato-subulatc ciliated often cob-
webby scales, fronds deltoid decomjioundly pinnate subcori-
aceous (frequently pale green when dry) bullate on the u])per
side, primary piimie very broad, ultimate ])innulcs lanceolate
deej)ly pinnatifid, the segments oval or oblong subcimeate
acute soriferous simple or bearing a horn-like segment or
tooth on the outside, ultimate rachis of the pinna) winged,
involucres cuneato-cup-shaped truncate terminal on the mar-
gin. (Tab. LVI. A.) Sm. Tent. Fil. Gen. Dorsif. p. 14. Sw.
Syn. Fil. p. 1 34. JVilld. Sp. PL v. p. 474. Trichomancs, L.
Polypodimn Lusitanicum, L.

Hal). Canary Islands, freciuent. Portugal, {Willd.) Madeira, common,
Massou, Lout, Capt. Finlaj/, Dr. Lcinann. Tangier, Sallzmann. — A well
known Fern, having been long cultivated in our gardens under the appro-
priate name of Hares Foot Fern ; yet I am not aware that any figure has
been given of it, save the very indifferent ones of Magnol and Plnkenet.
Distinct as the species is to the eye, it is, like many other of the Ferns, ex-
tremely difficult to define the characters in words. It is, however, remark-
able for the broad deltoid form of the frond and its very compound ramifi-
cation : in the ultimate divisions and the penuliimate ones the raehises
becoming winged, and then the frond should be described as pinnatifid
rather than pimiatc.

47. D. pt/.vidata, Cav. ; caudex stout creeping densely
clothed with subulate ferruginous eobwebby scales, fronds

170 DAVALLIA.

coriaceous deltoideo-ovate stipitate (stipes about as long as
the frond) tripinnate bullate on the upper side, pinnae broad
lanceolate, pinnules and segments mostly rather obtuse pin-
natifid or incised, incisures generally retuse soriierous, invo-
lucres truncated at the mouth. (Tab. LV. C.) — Cav. Prail.
1801, n. 604. Siv. Si/n. Fil. p. 132. Willd. Sp. PI. v. p.
ATI. Br. Prodr.p. 157. — a. pinnules mostly obtuse and in-
cisions retuse. (Tab. Nostr. LV. Cf. 1, 2). Sieb. Syn. Fil.
n. 126. Fl. Mixt. n. 240. — /3. pinnoe and pinnules more at-
tenuated, incisions more acute, sori narrower. (Tab. Nostr.
LV. C./. 3, 4). D. solida, Hook, et Am. Bot. of Beech. Voy.
p. 75, {not Swartz).

Hal), a. New Holland, (Cavanillcs), B)-own, Allan and Rich. Cunning,
ham, J. D. Hooker. Norfolk Islaiul, Dr. V. Thomson. — /3. Port Jackson,
Frascr. Sydney, ^4. Cunnincjham. Coral Islands, lieechey. — The remark
on the difficulty of discriminating different species of Ferns, offered under
the preceding, is peculiarly applicable to the present one: for, assuredly,
iu various specimens and in different parts of the same specimen, not un-
frequently, there are various forms of the segments and of the portions of
the segments which bear the sori : so that on the one hand it approaches
some of the narrow states of D. solida, except that the sori are shorter, and
on the other D. Canaricnsis, which latter however is always move com-
pound. I am disposed to refer the D. solida of Hook, and Am. 1. c. to the
present species. The frond is nearly a foot long, and the stipes about the
same length.

Subgen. V. Saccoloma. Sori marginal or a little within the
margin. Involucres small, niembranaceoiis, half -cup -shaped,
or more rarely reniform, arising from the apex of free parallel
veins, often intramarginal, and the margin being sometimes
crenated and membranaceous, gives the appearance of acces-
sory involucres. Tropical Ferris, of the Old World, Fronds
generally tufted or fascicled, or creeping, once or rarely tivice
pinnated, herbaceous and membranaceous, rarely subcoria-
ceous. Saccoloma, J. Sm., and Microlepia in part. (Hook.
Gen. Fil. TAB. LVIII. B.)

Obs. Assuredly this group, which some consider deserving of being ele-
vated to the rank of a genus (as a whole, according to the ideas of Presl,
or as confined only to one species, the original Saccoloma elegans, following
the views of Kaulfuss and J. Sm.), presents no characters by which to dis-
tinguish it generically from Davallia ; for it gradually passes into Micro-
lepia by means of D. Khasigana and its allies. J. Smith and Kunze consi-
der the marginal teeth of the crenatures in the light of accessory or spurious
involucres, and hence more allied to Dicksotiiea, but I cannot concur in
this opinion.

48. D. Saccoloma, Spr. ; " caudex creeping," fronds very
tall lanceolate pinnated glabrous membranaceous glossy, pin-
na3 (sometimes a foot long)petiolulate lanceolate acuminate the

DAVALUA. 171

thin margin beyond the sori crcnatc serrated and often lo])ed
towards the attenuated ajiex obliquely cuneate at the base, veins
close ])arallel simple or forked, involucres shallow hali-cup-
sha})cd forming a continuous line along the margin. — Spr.
Syst. Ve<jct. iv. p. 119. Saccoloma clegans, Kcnilf. "in Berl.
Jahrh.f. die P/mn/i. 1820, p. 51." En. Fil. p. 224, t.\,f. 12.
Hook. Gen. Fil. t. 58, /. 1—4. Kze. in Sehkh. Suppl.'t. 41.
NeurojUcris clegans, Desv. Mem. de la Soc. Linn. Par. v. p.
292, t. 8,./: 2.

Hal). Brazil, Langsdorff, Sellow, Mrs. M. Graham, Bei/rich, Prince de
Nieinoicd, Rirdil, Gardner, n. 15!) and 5325, (woods, Gongo Soko). Isth-
mus of Paiiinna, Dr. Sinclair, Barclay. Interior of Westmoreland Co. and
Fox's Gap, St. (ieorffe, Jamaica, Purdie. Guiana, {Desraux). — A splen-
did and tndy Ijcautiful Fern, which, according to Mr. Purdie, who lias re-
cently had the pood fortune to discover it in Janiaica, "grows, or rather
climbs, to the height of "20 feet,'' no dou1)t by means of its caudex, which
lie adds is "creeping." The fronds tluniselves are 5 — G feet and more hi
height. Stipes 1 — 4 feel and, as well as the main rachis, glossy brown.
Piunffi of a delicate, membranaceous, scmipcllucid texture, liright green,
often a foot long and 1 — 2 inches wide ; the base obliquely cuneate,
sometimes, as if l)y accident, deeply lobcd in the lower half (as figured by
Kimze, 1. c), attenuated into a narrow caudate serrated acumen at the ex-
tremity. Sori so close as aiipaiciitly to form an almost uniiitcrrnpled line
on both margins, nearly from liie base of the pinnule to the base of the
acumen.

As already observed, Professor Kunze (and Mr. J. Smith) considers
the crenatures of the pinna5 of Saccoloma as spurious involucres, and he
desci-ibes, in Schkh. Fil. Suppl. p. 86, a nearly allied genus with which I
am unacquainted, and which he thus characterizes: —

"Amaukopelta, Kze. .S'ori ajiiei venarum subclavato inserti, orbiculares,
plani, lincani submarginalcm formantes. Jndu.sium duplex: spuritim, cre-
iiac marginis lacinearum primo revolntas, dennim retracts; veriim, coria-
ceuni, rugulosum, orbiculare, basi excisuin (alrovirens), margine extenuate
circumcirca apcrtum."

"A. Breutelii. — Frons coiiacea, pinnato-pinnatifida, basi pinnarura sub-
pinnata. Vence e costa laciniarura ortae, furcatie, rarius simplices.

"Hab. St. K\ns, Breutel."

49. D. Iniraijana, Hook. ; fronds (tufted.?) ovato-lanceolate
pinnated, pinnae submembranaceous opaque oblong-lanceo-
late obtuse petiolulate very unequally and somewhat doubly
crenate obliquely cuneate at the base, sori forming a continu-
ous intramarginal line one at the base of each tooth or lobule
of the crenatures, veins oblique once to thrice forked some-
what divaricating, involucres reniform. (Tab. XLIX. A.) —
Hook. Gen. Fil. t. 58, B. /'. 5, G. Kze. in Schkh. Fil. Suppl.
t. 86.

Hab. Dominica, Dr. I tar ay. — A very distinct and well marked plant,
yet assuredly allied to the preceding. Kunze has retained this in Saccolo-
ma, and correctly enough ; but it is cjuite evident the crenatcd margin lorms

172 DAVALLIA.

nothing that can be assimilated to an involucre. The stipes is from a span
to a foot long, glossy brown. Fronds about the same length. Pinnules
1 — 3 inches, rather remote, opaque (not glossy), membranaceous: veins
obscure, except when the frond is held between the eye and the light.

50. D. Hookeriana, Wall. ; fronds (tufted ?) tall lanceolate
})inuate, pinnae subpetiolatc lanceolate from a broad hastate
base gradually acuminated submcmbranaceous duplicato-cre-
nated sparingly hairy on the costa and veins beneath, veins
parallel dichotomous, sori approximate forming a continued
line at the base of the crenatures of the margin, involucres
half-cup-shaped, stipes and rachis pubescenti-hirsute. (Tab.
XLVll. B.)—fVall. Cat. n. 2684.

Hab. Mountains of Sylhet and Kamoun, Wallich. Assam, Major Jen-
kins.— Stipes a foot or more long, pubescent, at length glabrous. Kachis
hi rsuto- pubescent. Frond 2 feet and more long. Finnie spreading, 4 — 5
inches long, subpetiolate, hastate at the base, the upper lobe the longest
and sharpest. Crenatures of the margin, similar to what are described in
the two preceding species, extend beyond the sori ; but in no way and at
no stage of growth so covering the fructifications, as to constitute even a
spurious involucre.

51. D. v//Zo.?a, Wall. ; fronds (tufted.?) tall broadly ovato-
lanceolate firm membranaceous, pinnae elongate lanceolate
subfalcate acuminate pinnatifido-lobate the acuminated api-
ces sen-ated pubescenti-villous beneath most so on the costa
and prominent veins unequally cuneate at the base and sub-
petiolate, lobes acute crenato-dentate, veins pinnated, sori
solitary in the axils of the smaller and upper lobes or sen-a-
tures and distant from the margin, marginal on the small
teeth of the larger lobes, involucres broad hali-cup-shaped
densely villous, rachis and stipes downy the latter at length
glabrous. (Tab. XLVITI. A.) — Wall. Cat. n. 244 [not Don).
D. scabra, Don.

Hab. Nepal, Wallich. — A very handsome species. Stipes 1 — 2 feet long.
Frond about 1 foot, the inferior pinnae sometimes 0 — 8 inches long, upper
pinnse sessile, but with a very unequal cuneate base, the uppermost ones
united into a pinnatilid acuminated point.

52. D. calivsccms, Wall. ; fronds (tufted ?) tall lanceolate
firm membranaceous, pinna) elongate lanceolate subfalcate
acuminate piiniatifido-lobate the apices serrated every where
glabrous except the costa beneath which is pubescent, une-
qually cuneate at the base and distinctly petiolate, lobes acute
crenato-dentate, veins pinnated, sori along the toothed mar-
gin of the lobes, involucres shallow half-cup-shaped glabrous,
rachis and stipes slightly downy the latter at length glabrous.
(Tab. XLVIII. B.) — JVall. Cat. n. 2983.

Hab. Kamoun, Wallich. Khasiya, Griffith. — This has much affinity
with the last, yet I think Dr. Wallich has rightly distinguished it, and ap-

DAVALMA. 173

propriately naintd it cahvscrns. Tlie veins, ami especially the involucres,
are quite glabrous, the pinna; are more distinctly petiolatc, and the whole
frond is more elongate.

53. D. Kliasif/ana, Hook. ; Ironds (tufted }) very tall lan-
ceolate l)i])iniuite, stipes elongated, raeliis and veins ])iibcs-
centi-liispid, jirimary pinna) petiolate lanceolate acuminate,
secondary or ])iiniules mostly ])etiolulate subdimidiato-ovate
obtuse ])innatifid chiefly on the ujjjier edge, lower lobes obo-
vate dee]) the rest short, all of them angulalo-dentate, veins
pinnated with a few scattered hairs beneath, involucres small
hair-cup--sha])ed in the axils of the teeth. (Tau. XLVII. A.)
— $. more glabrous, pinnules less petiolate, less deei)ly pin-
natifid, with fewer and more obtuse lobes. — (Tab. LVII. A.)
Microlepia cristata, .7. Sm. En. Fit. Philipp. I. c. {name onli/).

Hah. Khasiya hills, north of India, (Jriffilh. Java ; pinnules smaller,
[Cmint llojf'mansei/fi). Ceylon, Mrs. Gen. Walker. /3. Isle of Ronin,
{Herb. Imp. Acad. Pclrop.) Luzon, Cuming, {n. Do). — Stipes 2-}^ feet long,
and the lower i)ortion of the frond 2 feet more. The ])rimary pinna; are
() — 8 inches long: the lower pinnules sometimes almost pinnated. The ge-
neral form of these pinnules assimilates the species with many of the group
or subgenus Microlepia, and it may be said to form the passage to them.
But I place it here on account of its general aflinity with the two ])receding
species, and its fronds being much less divided than in the true Microlepicc,

54. D. loucliitidea, Wall. ; caudex creeping thick, fronds
ample tall tripinnate (primary and secondary jjinnules much
petiolated) every where glabrous coriaceo-membrauaceous,
pinna; large spreading ovato-lanceolate nuich and narrow-
acuminated deeply pinnatifid often pinnated at the base,
segments patent lanceolate (often very broad) acuminated
lobato-dentate, rachis and costa flexuose, veins pinnated, so-
ri solitary generally in the axils of the teeth near the margin,
involucres small half-cup-shaped. (Tab. XLVI. B.) — Wall.
Cat. n. 240. Microlepia, .7. Sm. Gen. Fil. Davallia platy-
phylla, Don, Prodr. Nep. p. 10.

Hab. Nepal, TFrt/ZuA. Peninsula of Madras, Tt'/r/A/, ?j. 140. Ceylon,
Mrs. Gen. Walker. — One of the noblest of the genus, from the size of its
fronds and the large and broad pinnules on long glossy petioles. These
fronds are much divided, the segments bearing copious fructifications.
Mr. J. Smith places this species in Microlepia, but if "habit is to be the
principal mark of distinction,'' as Mr. J. Smith observes, it surely is more
nearly allied to the original Saccoloma than to IMicrolepia.

55. T). pinnata, Cav. ; caudex creeping scaly, fronds lan-
ceolate ])innate glabrous, pinna; remote shortly petiolate
subcoriaceous opa(pie linear-lanceolate gradually acuminate
obliquely cuneate at the base the up])cr ones sessile and dc-
current, sori a little distant from each other btit forming a
continued series one at the base of each tooth or serrature,

174 DAVALLIA.

veins sunk obsolete (inconspicuous) generally forked, the
upper veinlet bearing the sorus, involucres small half-cup-
shapecl, stipes and subtrigonal rachis glossy. (Tab. LX. B.
f. 1, 4).— Cav. Prcel. 1801, n. 689. Sw. Si/n. FU. p. 131.
Willd. Sp. PL V, p. 468. D. flagellifera, fVall. Cat. n. 243.
Hook.ct Grev.Ic. FiL t. 180. D. angustata, Wall, (accord-
ing to Presl, not according to our specimen from WallicltJ.
Saccoloma pinnatum, Pr. Microlepia, ./. Sm. Gen. Fil.

Hah. Philippine Islands, (Crtm?w7/cs). Luzon, Cwwi)?^, n. 139. Pe-
nang, Wallich, Ladij Dalhousie. Java, Blume. — Evidently allied in habit
and fructification to the orinjinal Saccoloma, and Presl has done right in
placing it there, if that genus were worthy of being retained; it differs how-
ever from every known species of Davallla, except the following, with which
it came mixed in Cuming's plants from the Philippine Islands, and from
which it may not be specifically distinct.

56. D. Liizojiica, Hook. ; caudex short entangled some-
what creeping paleaceo-crinite, fronds ovato-lanceolate pin-
nate, pinnae lanceolate deeply pinnatifid sessile subcoriaceous
lobate on the long narrow acumen, segments linear crenato-
serrate, veins pinnated obsolete, sori at the base or in the
axils of the teeth, involucres small half-cup-shaped, rachis
and stipes subtrigonal. (Tab. LX. B. f. 2, 3, 5).

Hab. Luzon, Cuming, (with the preceding, 7i. 139). — Had I received
this separately from the preceding, I should have felt satisfied of its being
a distinct species : but coming in company with that, and finding it to
have the same harsh almost coriaceous texture, and other points in com-
mon with it, I was led, at first, to look upon it as a variety : still, having
no intermediate states, I think it safest to give it as distinct : and the
characters are very apparent on the slightest glance at the figures.

57. D.serrata, Bl.; "frond pinnate glabrous, pinna? alter-
nate subsessile linear-lanceolate falcato-acuminate duplicato-
serrate cimeate at the base, sori submarginal, stipes glabrous
subtetraquetrous." Bl. En. Fil. Jav. p. 232.

Hab. Mountains of Java, Blume. — Blume places this next to D. pin-
nata, and observes of it, " serraturis obtusis emarginato-bidentatis priori
diflFert."

Subgen. VI. Odontoloma, J. Sm. Sori intra marginal, generally at
the base of a large tooth or lobule. Involucres small, membra-
naceous, fixed by their more or less broad base, the sides free,
often reniform, rarely a little confluent, 1. e. two from the api-
ces of the adjoining veins (ivhere they are always situated),
running into one : or in other ivords, the sorus, in such cases,
appears to originate from the apices of two veins. — Tropical
Ferns of the Old and the New World. Caudex, I believe,
creeping in all the species. Fronds small {rarely or never ex-
ceeding afoot in length), membranaceous. Pinnse or pinnules
more or less dimidiate : the loiver margin straight or incurved

DAVAMJA. 175

{sub/alcate), the upper forming the Sflf/ment of a circle, and
more or less toothed or lobed or serrated. Lobules soriferous.
Saccoloma, Pr. Liudsoea, Bliime, Kze. and others. ('Hook.
Gen. Fil. Tab. CXIV. B.)

Obs. The present is a tolerably natural sroup, in liahit closely allied to
Lindscca, and again, on the olher hand, through D. hnmi/ana, to our sub-
genus Saccoloma. The last mentioned species possesses, indeed, the invo-
lucres rather of tlie present group: hut the form of the pinnules and general
haliit le id me to ])refer ])lacing it amongst Sdccoloma. In one species, I).
Kunzcana, there is a disposition in the veins to become reticulated.
* Simph/ pinnate.

58. D. Bor//ana, Pr. ; caudcx very long stout creeping on
trees and scandent, fronds rigid membranaceous linear-lan-
ceolate elongate pinnated attenuated at the base, pinna? half
oblong obtuse or acute obli(iuely cuneate at the base, lower
margin entire quite straight, u])per lobulato-crenatc often ser-
rate, ])rineipal vein parallel with and close to the lower mar-
gin giving out upwards 5 or 6 simple or forked veins, sori
transversely oblong shallow half-cup-shaped inserted at the
base of almost every lobule. — Pr. Reliq. Hank. i. p. 66.
Hook, et Grev. t. 143. Dicksonia rcpens, Bory., Voy. ii. p.
323. Sw. Syn. Fit. p. 138. Willd. Sp. PI. v. p. 482. Da-
vallia repens, Desv. D. Macroeana, Hook, et Am. Bof. of
Beech. Voy. p. 108 (younger state, ivhich is also ihe Odonto-
loraa Hookeri, ./. Sm.) Odontoloma Boryanum, »/. 8m. —
j3. lobules serrated. Hook. Gen. Fil. t. 114, B. Presl, Tent.
Pterid. t. 4,f. 20.

Hab. On trunks of trees; Bourbon, Bori/. INIauritius, Neraud, Telfair,
Wallich, Carmichnel. Pliilij)pine Islands, Ilcenke, Cumiufj, n. 50. Brah-
makoond in Upper Assam, and Khasiya hills, Griffith. Sandwich Islands,
Macrae, Barclmj, Jkcchci/, Nif/lttinf/alc. — An elegant Fern, climbing over
the trunks of trees, with a long scaly caudex, at length naked, glabrous and
shining brown. Stipes and rachis stout, rigid, straw-coloured, frondosc of-
ten to the very base. Fronds about a fool long. Pinna, though thin and
semitransparent, of a firm and, as it were, rigid character, scarcely an inch
long : the upper margin more or less crenalcd with little lobes, and, as re-
presented in the 'Genera Filicum,' occasionally serrated. Sori sometimes,
though rarely, confluent, giving the plant still more the character of Liiul-
saa.

59. D. pulcJielld, Hook. ; small slender, caudex creeping
filiform with scattered scales, frond linear-lanceolate ])innated
rather flaccid, pinnic approximate oval subdiniidiate obtuse,
lower margin slightly curved, ui)])er with 3 or 4 broad irre-
gidar crenatures, ])rincii)al vein diverging upwards from the
lower margin and bearing 2 or 3 sim])le or forked veins, in-
volucres small subrenifonn inserted at the base of the lobtdes
rarely confluent, stii)es and rachis firm straw-coloured filiform.

17(> DAVALUA.

(Tab. LTII. B.) Odonlolonia pulchelliim, J. Sm. En. Fil.
Philipp. (name only). Field, ei Gardn. Sert. Plant, t. 51.

Hab. Luzon, Cuming, n. 217. — A very distinct species, though allied to
the preceding. It is much smaller, very slender and graceful in every part.
Pinna; approximate, only slightly dimidiate, the lower margin not forming
a straight line, hut a curve, with the convex side outwards : the veins are
free and distinct, and the principal one does not run parallel with and close
to the lower margin, as in the preceding, hut inclines upwards from its com-
mencement. Two outer veinlets next the apex often bear one sorus. The
figure in Messrs. Fielding and Gardner's ' Sertum Plantarum ' is very ac-
curate, and I should not have again given it here, but my plate was pre-
pared before their's was published.

60. D.Par/ceri, Hook.; small flaccid, caudex short creep-
ing sending out long smooth fibrous radicles, fronds narrow-
lanceolate from a rather broad base, pinnae close membra-
naceous thin half oval broad and subfalcate (lower margin
incurved), u]iper margin unequally lobato-crenate with 3 — 5
lobes, principal vein not parallel with the lower margin but
slightly diverging and bearing 3 — 4 simple or forked veins,
involucres small subreniform at the base of the lobules some-
times confluent (2 veinlets bearing 1 sorus), stipes and rachis
filiform dark coloured. (Tab. LI II. C.)

Hab. British Guiana, C. S. Parhcr. — Quite different from the two pre-
ceding. Fronds very flaccid and thin, shorter and broader than the last,
especially at the base, with very differently formed pinnae, and dark-colored
stipes and rachis.

61. D. licjiiiptera, Bory; "caudex creeping slender scaly,
fronds linear pinnate, pinna; alternate dimidiate pinnatifid
above, segments bifid." Bory in Belanger Voy. Bot. p. 75,
t. 7,f. 2. Saccoloma ? hemipterum, Pr. Davallia digitata,
Kaulf. Herb, (according to Pre.slJ.

Hab. On the trunks of trees, forests of Java, Belanger. — To judge from
the figure and description, this has the habit of D. Bori/ana, with the same
scandent caudex and similarly shaped pinuEe; but the whole plant is small-
er and the upper side of the pinnae is cut almost to the base into narrow
linear, entire or bifid segments: the fructification is unknown, so that the
very genus must be doubtful.

62. D. adiantifolia, Hook. ; " frond pinnate membranace-
ous glabrous, pinnae (numerous small) subsessile trapezoid
obtuse crenate on the superior margin, sori submarginal so-
litary, stipes and rachis glabrous." Aspidium adiantoides,
Bl. En. Fil. Jav. p. 145. Saccoloma adiantoides, Pr.

Hab. Trees, Moluccas, Bhime. — With this I am unacquainted. Presl
refers it to Saccoloma ; but the above is all the description that is given of it.
Dubious species probably of this group.

63. D. ? cuneifolia, Hook. — Saccoloma cuneifolium, Presl,
Tent. Pterid. p. 126, name only.

OAVALLIA. 177

** Bipinnate, pinnules entire or only lobulale.
64. D. Knmeann, Hook. ; " frond ovato-triangiilar incm-
branaceoiis ratlicr firm f^labrous bi])inuaU', ])iiiii;e sliortlv
petiolalc, lowest ones oi)i)osite palonti- erect lanceolate aeii-
niinate, pinnules subsossile dimidiato-oblong obtuse at the
base above truncato-cuneato, u])permost ones gradually mi-
nute subconliuont, lowest ones llabellate, all of them iuciso-
dentate on the upper margin, the teeth rounded sorifennis,
sori linear-oblong (transversely), stipes and rachis tetragonous
glabrous." HI. Tjindsxa davalloidcs, Bl. /Jn. PL Jar. p. 218.
Kze. in Sclik. Fil. Suppl. p. \'2, L 7. " L. pectinata, Reinw.

Mssr

Hab. Mountains of Java, IHume. — A very handsome plant, accordinfi; to
Kunze's fij^iire; with pinnules resembling' those of D. Boryana, but tlie
plant is bipinnate. According; to my views of the genera of Ferns, this
cannot be referred to Lindsaa, for the involucre is not only much smaller
than the lobe which bears it (which the author above quoted considers the
outer indusium), but the colour and texture are quite different, as repre-
sented in Kunze's plate. The fructification, indeed, and the habit of the
species are in perfect accordance with the Odontoloma-gioup of DavalUa,
and the plant sliould not be separated from it. The veins in the magnified
figure not only meet at the sorus, as is common to others of this subgenus,
but they anastomose once below the sorus towards the apex of the pinna,
exhibiting an approach to reticulated venation. Blume observes of this
plant (ancl I am unacquainted with it myself, save from figure and descrip-
tion) " a Lindscca composita, Willd., facillirae distinguitur pinnulis raar-
gine sujieriori incisis, tenninalibus decrescentibus.''

*** Bipinnate, pinnules deeply pinnntifid.
65. D. Blumeatia, Hook. ; caudex creeping, stipes very
long triquetrous firm, frond ovate bipinnate, pinnae alternate
lanceolate attenuate, pinnules membranaceous sessile half-
oblong, from the npper edge cut down to the base in a ])in-
natifid manner into extremely narrow linear distant simple
or generally forked segments much dilated at the apex and
soriferous mostly toothed, vein solitary in each segment, in-
volucres minute transversely oblong smaller than the apex of
the segment subreniform. (Tab. LIV. A.) — Lindsaja tenui-
folia, Bl. En. Fil. Jav. p. 219. Odontolomatenuifblia, J. Sni.
En. Fil. Philipp. I. c.

Hab. Parasitic on trunks of trees in the forests of Java, Bhime. Isle of
Leyte, Cumiw/, n. .309. — A most distinct, well marked and elegant species,
possessing the dimidiate pinnules so common to the present subgenus;
though at first sight appearing very diflcrent, on account of the long, narrow,'
deep segments; so narrow that the vein seems only to have a wing on
each side and running parallel with it. It is one of' those species which
exhibit a strong affinity with Lindscea as well as Davalliu ; but the circum-
stance of the involucre being nnicli .smaller than the terminal lobe, and

N

178 DAVALLIA.

withering, as it often does, while the apex of the lobe is still green and
vigorous, induces me to prefer placing it in Davallia : and it is in perfect
harmony with individuals of the present subgenus. — Stipes a span or more
high, triquetrous, stout, firm, brownish straw-colour, glossy. Frond a
span or more long, ovate in circumscription. Primary pinnre patent, 4 — 5
inches long, much attenuated ; the rachis throughout firm, stout and wiry,
stramineous. Pinnules ^ to i of an inch long, truly dimidiate, half-
ovate, the lower margin forming a straight or falcate line, the upper the
segment of a circle, deeply divided to the lower margin into narrow linear
simple or forked segments," resembling some Trichnmanes or Hymenophyl-
liirn : the apex dilated and usually toothed, bearing the sorus : the upper-
most pinnules are gradually smaller and are reduced to extremely narrow
simple or forked almost setiform segments.

Subgen. VII. Microlepia, Pr. Sori intramarginal, on a small
tooth or lobule generally beloiv a sinus of a lobe. Involucre
small, membranaceous, half-cup-shaped, the mouth truncated
[rarely suborbiculari-reniform),from the apex of a free, more
or less divaricating, vein or veinlet. — Tropical Ferns of the
Old and New World. Caudex creeping [probably in all).
Fronds mostly ample, decompound, membranous or verging to-
wards it; ultimate pinnules or lobules usually small and
bearing small fructifications. (Hook. Gen. Fil. tab.
LVIlt. A.)

Obs.. Of all the groups or subgenera of Davallia, this is to me the least
satisfactory, and I preserve it in deference to those who are in favour of
constituting Microlepia a distinct genus. The D. polypodioides may be
considered the type of this, and the most distinct in habit and character
and in the small cup-shaped involucres, which afford something tangible :
still we have in D. Jamaicensis a fern with so completely the habit and
general appearance of D. polypodioides, that, were it not for the involucres, I
should take it for the most common form of that species, but the invo-
lucres are quite those of a Leucostegia. Again, some species have an
elongated half-cup-shaped, or if I may so say, cuneated involucre ; these,
both in fructification and texture of the frond, resemble Saccoloma, and
are only here distinguished from that subgenus by their more compound
fronds. I have placed the subgenus Odontoloma between the two groups in
question, on account of its affinity in habit and composition with the
§ Saccoloma, especially with D. Imrayana.

GG. D. Amhoynensis, Hook. ; rather tall, frond ovato-
lanceolate subcoriaceoits tripinnate, pinna? much acuminate,
lower secondary ones very long acuminate, pinnules lanceo-
late subfalcate pinnatifid cuneato-attenuated at the base and
decurrent, sori small in the inner margin of the lobules gene-
rally at the sinus, stipes elongated. (Tab. LVI. C.) — Daval-

54. Wall. Cat. n. 2^19

* We have recently received from Mr. GrilTith his ^ Cryptogamous Plants
of Dr. Roxburgh, forming the 4th and last part of the Flora Indica, pub-
lished by permission of Government from Dr. Roxburgh's MSS. in the

DAVALLIA. 179

{not Blnme). — Dicksonia straminca, Bonj, in Duperrey, Voy.
Hot. p. 280? [not Lab ill.).

library of the FI. C. Botanic (iardciis, Calcutta.' The laudable object
whicli Mr. Griffith had in view in their publication is thus stated in the
Preface. " I have not yet become acquainted with the circumsUinces,
owinjf to which the Flora IiuUca has not been heretofore completed, or with
the reason of its being so disfi<;:iired by obscurities and typo<rraphical errors.
But considering it to be a positive diity of all Superintendents of public
institutions to make known to the fullest extent the meritorious labours of
their predecessors, I have availed myself of the permission of Government
to place on record the labours of Dr. Roxburgh in this department of
Botany. The neglect under which these MSS. have been buried since
1817, and the absolute want of his authentic Herbarium, under whicli
these Botanic Gardens labour, prevent me effectually from doing justice to
the memory of Roxburgh, beyond showing the extent to which he had
observed the higher Cryptogamic plants. His names probably in very
many instances have been passed over, and the law of priority of publica-
tion and definition may hinder many from being adopted. But I am
sure that Botanists will exert themselves and determine that his MS.
names shall not be passed over in favour of any other MS. names, given
in neglect of Roxburgh's characters, descriptions or drawings." — " I beg
to address myself here in i>articular to Sir Wm. Hooker, who is said to be
engaged in a work on the Species of Ferns.''

Mr. Griffith here seems to forget thai the various circumstances which
prevent him from doing that justice which he complains has not been ren-
dered to the memory of Dr. Roxburgh, must equally exist in my case, and
even more so ; for, iu many instances, to compensate for very inefficient
descriptions, he has had the original drawings to refer to : but, although
references are gi\en to plates apparently intended to accompany the work
just mentioned, and said to be reduced copies of Roxburgh's invaluable
series of botanical drawings, yet none such have come with the copy re-
ceived by me. Here then, in cases where the nomenclature of Dr. Rox-
burgh and Dr. Wallich may be at variance, I have to choose between the
generally veiy incomplete definitions now first published of the former, and
authentic specimens given with names, which, as well as the printed Cata-
logue, have been distributed with an unexamjiled liberality, of the latter.
The very first species which it has l)een my lot to investigate, happens to
be the one to which this note is appended, an Amboyna specimen received
from Mr. Webb. Had I lieen left to Dr. Roxburgh's character of little
more than four brief lines, I should have failed to determine my plant;
but by means of Dr. Wallich's specimen I am able to ascertain it and to
show that Dr. Wallich has done that justice to the mcmoiy of Dr. Rox-
burgh, which in this instance at least (and I fear it will be so in many
others) Mr. Griffith's laudable publication of Dr. Roxburgh's MSS. will
fail to accomplish.

I must here again beg to repeat my feeble testimony to the immense
services rendered to the cause of Indian Botany by Dr. Wallich, in distri-
buting, with names and a Catalogue, the treasures collected by himself and
others in the Honourable Company's territories. The genera and species
(I speak especially in reference to the Ferns) are discriminated with a
degree of accuracy and judgment which show that they have been care-

N 2

180 DAVALLIA.

Halj. Moluccas, Roxburgh. Amhoyna, A. Smith, in Herb. Banks, (and
in Herb. Hook, from P. B. Webb, Esq.) Offack, Terre des Papons, D'Ur-
ville, (in Herb. Hook.) — Stipes a foot and raove long, erect, flexuose, rather
slender, n<?id, glossy brown, almost black below. Frond a foot or more
high ; readily distinguished among this group of Ferns by the subcoria-
ceous texture, long attenuated lower ])inna2, and the lanceolate, acuminate
pinnules, together with the position of the sori in the sinus of the seg-
ments. I am induced to consider Boi-y's Dicksonia strainitiea to belong to
this, rather than Labillardiere's plant; not only from the description, but
from my possessing a specimen from D'Urville, of our present Davallia,
gathered at Offack.

67. D. incequalis, Kze. ; caudex creeping, frond ample
tripinnate glabrous coriaceo-membranaceous rather glossy
full green when dry, ultimate pinnae distant obliquely sub-
rhonibeo-lanceolate or ovato-lanceolate the base attenuato-
cuneate subpetiolate acute or acuminate inciso-lobate and
serrate, the upper ones coadunate into a narrow pinnatifid
apex the lobes very acute, veins prominent, ultimate rachis
slightly winged, sori generally at the base of an axillary
tooth, involucre half-cup-shaped subcuneate (i. e. the base
attenuated) broader in age. — Kze. Syn. PI. Crypt. Poepp.,
p. 87. PI. Poepp. in Herb. Hook. — a. major; idtimate
pinnae 1 — 2 or 3 inches long. (Tab. LVII. B.) Davallia
alata, Hewarcl, May. of Nat. Hist. 1838, p. 465. — ^. inter-
media; ultimate pinnae f to g- an inch long. — y. minor;
ultimate pinnae ^ an inch rarely exceeding an inch long, of a
rather more rigid texture. (Tab. LVIII. A.) Microlepia alata,
J. Sm. En. Fil. Phil i pp. I. c.

Hab. a. Peru; Maynas, Poeppig ; V MXgo-A, Mathe^vs, n. 1097. Brazil;
Corcovado, and damp woods in the Organ mountains, Gardner, n. 202 ;
Ilhios, (Moricand). Trinidad, Lockhart, Aldridge. — /3. Jamaica, Hew-
ard. Wiles. Ceylon, Mrs. Gen. Walker. Isle of Mindoro, Cuming, n.
360 (frond more membranaceous). — y. Luzon, Cuming, n. 119. Herb.
Carmichael (without locality). — So different is what I here call var. y. from
the type of the species, in the size of its pinnules, that when I had the
figure prepared of it, I did not suspect its belonging to the same species. A
pretty extensive suite of specimens, however, both from the old and the new
world, lead me to the conclusion that they are merely forms of one and the
same species ; and Mr. J. Smith has expressed a similar opinion. The
species is clearly defined by Kunze, who alludes to its supposed alfiuity to
D. distans, Kaulf., a Fern indeed unknown tu him, as it is to me. Our
plant bears no inconsiderable resemblance to our Dicksonia Plumieri, but
the pinnules are at all times much smaller, more divided, and the invo-
lucres are truly those of Davallia.

fully studied, even did not a copy of Dr. Wallich's own MSS. in my pos-
session abundantly prove the fact, and which fully justifies me in sacredly
preserving his names, whenever I do not find a clear right of priority
in favour of any other person.

DAVALLIA. Ibl

68. ]), distans, Kaiill". ; " fronds tripinnatc, ])innulc.s ovate
obtuse cuneate at the base upper ones confluent, lerlile ones
crenulate above, involucres subrotund." Knulf. Kit. Fil.
p. 223.

Hah. Brazil, {Herb. Martens). — " Primary and secoTidary pinnae very
distant : pinnules nienibranarcnus, ^ an inch lonj^. Position ol" the iructi-
licatioii nearly as in iJnmllia adianUiidcs (Uichsniiia Plum'uri, nohis)." —
Imperfect though the (lcserii)tion is, Mr. J. Smith and Mr. (iardiier have
believed the D. iiuajualis to be intended by it ; with which however it does
not at all accord.

6.9. D. Itirta, Kaulf. ; tall, fronds erect rigid ovato-lancco-
late much and gradually acuminate rather glossy tripinnate,
pinnules approximate rhombeo-lanceolate subdimidiate acute
decurrent, upper ones coadunate, all oC them inciso-))inna-
lifid, segments acute, sori small on the inner margin in the
sinus of a lobe, involucres half-cuj)-sha])ed, veins prominent
and hairy especially beneath, rachis hispido-tomentose. —
Kaulf. En. Fil. p. 223. Dicksouia Kaulfussiana, Gaud, in
Freyc. Voy. Bat. p. 3G8 } {See mention of litis plant, supra,
p. 71.) Davallia villosa, Don, according to Sprenyel. —
/3. larger and with laxcr ramification.

Hal). Sandwich Islands ; Oahu, Chumisso, Brec/iei/, Barclay, Dr. Diell,
Douglas, and nlhcrs. Ne])al ? (Don). — ^3. Ceylon, ^[rs. Gen. Walker. —
A very beautiful and very distinct Fern, with somethiue of the rigid habit
and general apjiearance of the Polijstichum group oi Aspidiwn : though more
divided. Stipes and main costa rigid : the form of the ultimate pinnules
and their sharpness bring the species near to Dav. incBqualis, but the habit
of the plant, and the hairiness and the iuvolucres are considerably
different.

70. D. polypodioides, Don ; catulex creeping, frond large
ovate or deltoid acuminate tripinnate flaccid more or less
liairy or downy es])ecially on the veins and costae beneath,
primary ])inna) and lower secondary ones distant and acu-
minate, pinnules oblong or rhombeo-lanceolate obtuse dee])ly
pinnatiiid, the lobes ovate or obovate entire or irregularly
inciso-lobate or again ])innatifid suboblique very obtuse, sori
rather large (when jierlect) usually solitary on the entire
lobes, several on the piiuiatilid ones and in the sinuses within
the margin, sometimes on a small tooth more numerous on
the suj)erior margin, involucres small half-cup-shaped gla-
brous or rarely his})id, rachis downy or hispid on the under-
side. — JJon, Prodr. Fl. Nep., p. 10. Microlepia poly])u-
dioides, Pr. Dicksouia poly])odioides, *S'?f;. Sipt. Fil. p. 137
and 356. M illd. Sp. PL v. p. 488. Davallia llaccida, /;/-.
Prodr. Xor. JJoll. p. 157. Bl. En. Fil. Jai: p. 237. Pon,
I. c. p. H)} I). Nepalensis, Spr.? Microlepia llaccida,

182 DAVALLIA.

J. Sm. Polypodium Speluncoe, L. Polypodium nudum,
Forst. Prodr. n. 446 [according to Herb. Bunks.) Polypod.
cristatum, Houtt. {according to Brown). Caenopteris Japo-
nica, JVilld. Phyt. p. 8 /. 1 ? {Br.) Dicksonia flaccida,
Hook, et Am. in Bot. of Beech. Voy. p. 108, in part. — a.
suhglahra ; fronds nearly glabrous or but slightly hairy or
pubescent. D. virens. Wall. Cat. n. 264. D. Roxbiirghii,
M^all. Cat. n. 2218. D. puberula, in part, Wall. Cat.
262|2. — B. puhescens ; fronds pubescent with short close
down extending often to the involucres. D. puberula,
Wall. Cat. n. 262|5. D. rhomboidea ? Wall. Cat. n. 262|.3.
D. pyramidata, Wall. Cat. n. 261. — y. liispida; fronds hairy
or hispid especially on the underside upon the costa and
veins and often on the involucres. D. pilosula, Wall. Cat.
n. 263. — ^. rhomboidea ; larger in every part, nearly glabrous
pubescent or hairy. D, rhomboidea. Wall. Cat. n. 257.
Microlepia rhomboidea, Pr. Tent. Pterid. {name only), and
also f. 22, single lobe. J. Sm, Gen. Fil. {name only).

Hab. Tropical or subextratropical regions, probably throughout the
world. New Holland (Tropics), Broum. — a. Ceylon, Mrs. Gen. Walker.
East Indies, Roxburgh, Dr. Buchanan Hamilton. Madras Peninsula,
Dr. Wight. Mergui, Griffith. Assam, Griffith, Major Jenkins. Sinca-
pore, Tovay, Nepal, &c., Wallich. Java,* Millett, Blume. China, Beechei/.
Oahu, Menzies, Beechei/. Brazil, Sivainson, Macrae. Fernando Po,
Dr. Vogel. — fi. Singapore, and Penang, and Maitaban, Wallich. Assam,
Jenkins. Mergui, Griffith. Java, Zollinger, n. 513. Macalisberg, sub-
tropical South Africa, Burke, n. 513. — y. Nepal (with long scattered hairs),
Wallich. Ceylon, (almost hispid beneath), Mrs. Ge7i. Walker. Courtalam,
Wight. Amboyna (ex Herb. P. B. Webb). Khasiya (very hispid espe-
cially beneath and on the involucres, the ultimate lobes of the pinnules
more uniform, frond narrower), Griffith. — 8. Nepal, Wallich. Assam,
Griffith, Jenkins. Luzon, Cuming, n. 7, according to Mr. J. Smith ;
but ray specimens rather resemble a. — The more I study the Ferns, and
compare specimens from different countries, the more difficult I find it to
define, in a specific character, the essential distinguishing character of
species with the much divided fronds -, so different are they, according to
locality, to age on the various portions of the same individual, and other
circumstances. Then the nature and degrees of pubescence augment the
difficulty : and all these difficulties seem to be combined in the present
species. I could not, however, have ventured to unite so many supposed
species, as I have done, without the means of comparing a multitude of
forms from various countries, both in the old and new world, and which
have led me to the above conclusions. Perhaps I ought not to have stopped
here, but added two or three of the following, if I had been furnished
with still more ample suites of specimens. The present species has a good

* In some "of the old specimens from Mr. Millett, the fructifications
form dense pulvinuli, apparently from the copious pedicels whence the
capsules have fallen.

DAVALLIA. 183

deal tlie api)earance of Dick.ionia vicutaria, S\v. and is, I fear, often coii-
ioiinded with it. Bliinie mentions a var. " pinnulis sccuudaiiis sursum
subiuciso.ereuatis deoisuni integeniniis."

71. \">. pro.vimii, Bl. ; " Irond (ample) trii)innate glabrous
soincwluit downy on tlu; cost;u beneath, pinuie alteniate re-
mote, pinnules laneeolate very mueli aeinninated, seeondary
ones sessile traj)ezoideo-ol)long obttise ineised, superior ones
entire confluent, lower ones slightly pinnatifid, sori puncti-
form placed near the margin semiorbieular, raehis and stipes
a little rough." 131. En. Fil. Jav. p. '238.

Hal). Java, Jiluiiic. — "Closely allied to D./hiccidu, Br. {D. poli/podinidt's
nob.) : but distinct in the siibcoriaeeous frond and the longer caudate ])in-
nules.'' In the province of Bantam the same author finds a var. " B ;"
with the secondary pinnules rather remote, obhmg-obtuse, doubly inciso-
serrate, — (an species ?)

72. D. Jamaiceiisis, Hook. ; frond am])le tripinnate flaccid
glabrous or with a few scattered hairs beneath on the veins
and costa and raehis, primary and secondary pinn;e oblong
moderately acuminate, ultimate pinnae subdimidiato-oblong
obtuse deeply ])innatifid the segments longer on the upper
margin all of them ovate slightly falcate obtuse dimidiate
entire at the lower margin 2 — 3 lobed at the superior one,
sori at a little distance from the margin on a lobule near the
sinus, involucres suborbiculari-renifbrm (!) flat. — Davallia
flaccida, Hook, ct Am. in Bot. of Beech. Voy. p. 101 in
part.

Hab. Jamaica, iVi/es, Dr. J Bancroft, UlcFadi/eu. Oahu ? Jiceclui/.— A
species so much resembling Z>. poli/podioidcs, that I ean point out no mark
of distinction save the difl'erent form of the involucre, aud that, instead of
being- half-cup-shaped as in the Microlepia group, is broad and flat and
between orbicular and reniform, quite free at the apex and sides and attached
only by a rather broad base. This is invariably the ease in three speci-
mens received from three dilTerent collectors in Jamaica ; and on carefully
inspecting one of my specimens of supposed Dar. jmli/podioidvx from
Oahu I find a similar involucre; but being young the form is not so clearly
and satisfactorily defined as in the West India plant.

73. D. iric/iosiicha, Hook. ; frond ample submembrana-
ceous bi-tri ?-pinnate, primary pinna) a foot long the raehis
winged above, ultimate pinnnc or pinnules sessile obliciuely
cinicate at the base oblong-lunceolate acuminate pinnatifid
deeply so toward the base, upper inferior lobe the largest, all
of them ovate obtuse nearly entire or crenato-lobatc sliglitly
hairy above densely and minutely ])ubescent almost conceal-
ing the veins beneath, sori small rather distant from the mar-
gin, involucres small half-cu])-sha])ed very downy. — Microle-
pia trichosticha, ./. Sm. En. Fil. P/iili/fp. I. c. nan/e onlij.

184 DAVALLIA.

Hab. Isle of Samar, Cuming, n. 328. — Allied in some respects to D.
polypodioides, especially to the larger state of it, var. rhomboidea ; but the
only specimens I have seen are less compoundly divided, the pinns are
more regularly piunatifid, and there is a compactness in the downy clothing
beneath (almost pnlverulcnt) covering the whole underside of the frond,
different from what I have observed in any allied species.

74. D. ci/iata, Hook. ; caudex creeping crinite, frond
ovato-lanceolate very flaccid membranaceous liairy especially
on the veins (hairs soft silky), pinnate, pinnae from a broad
base oblong acuminate bipinnatifid, primary segments oblong
obtuse separated from each other almost to the rachis, ulti-
mate ones ovate subfalcate very acute ciliated entire or with
one or two minute teeth, sori small at a distance from the
margin almost in the centre of a segment, involucres small
half-cup-shaped ciliated, stipes and main rachis (which is
rigid) pubescent with short brown hairs. (Tab. LX. A.) —
Leucostegia hirsuta, J. Sm. En. Fil. Philipp. I. c. name
only, {not Davallia hirsuta, Sw.)

Hab. Luzon, Cuming, n. 174. — An elegant and well marked species, yet
the involucre is not that of Leucostegia, but of the Microlepia group, with
which the plant quite accords in habit. The caudex is creeping, about the
thickness of a duck's quill, clothed with long crinite hairs. Stipes about
a span long, brown, with short pubescence, which extends to the main
rachis. Frond H to 2 feet long, broad or ovato-lanceolate, acuminate,
first pinnated, with the pinnae twice piunatifid in a very^ regular and beau-
tiful manner; the veins are clothed, and the margin and involucre are
fringed, with very slender soft hairs.

75. ? D. gracilis, Bl. ; " frond bipinuate below, above sim-
ply pinnate, pinna) lanceolate very much acuminate, pinnules
linear rather obtuse subserrulate decurrent glabrous, sori sub-
marginal, stipes tetraquetrous hairy at the base, above as well
as the rachis glabrous. — Var. B. pinnules elongato-linear."
Bin me En. Fil. Java, p. 233. Microlepia gracilis, J. Sm.
Gen. Fil. I. c.

Hab. Woods in mountain-places, Java, Blume. — "Its place," Blume
observes, " is between Dav. adiantoidex, Sw. (which is our Dicksonia Flu-
mieri) and Dav. platyphylla, Don, (D. /o?icA»<jrfert, Wall, and this work)." —
From what may be considered an authentic specimen of this species, in
Mr. J. Smith's Herbarium, received from Reinwardt, it would appear that
it is identical with our D. Luzonica {supra p, 174, Tab. LX. B. /. 2. 3. 5):
yet that plant is not bipinnale, but pinnate with the pinnae piunatifid, and
is surely not naturally allied to the plants indicated by Dr. Blume, but
rather to D. pinnata, of which it is to be feared it may prove only a more
divided form.

76. D. Moluccana, Bl. (not Roxb.) ; "frond below tripli-
cato-pinnate above bipinnate membranaceous glabrous, pin-
nae subalternate ovato-lanceolate, pinnules cuneato-lanceolate
rather obtuse decurrent sub})innatifid, segments obtuse entire.

DAVALLIA. 185

sori solitary in the sinuses, racliis margined, stipes tctraque-
tous glabrous." Jiliiinc Kn. Fd. Jac. p. 2.'37.

Hal). Moliiccas, Bluuiv. — With this I am unacquainted. Blunic says
of it " hahitu maxinic siniilis DaiallicB yraviU."

77. D. splendens, Bl. " frond bipinnatc nienibranaceous
and as well as the stipes glabrous, pinnae subopposite, ])in-
luiles cuneate at the base lower ones ovato-laneeolate aeunii-
nate pinnatifid upper ones confluent into a dentate acumen,

segments oblong obtuse subserrate, sori V — Bl. En.

Ft/. Jav. J). 234.

Hah. Isle of Banda, Z^/mw*". — " Between D.adiantoides, Sw. (Divksonia
Plumieri, nohis) and D. arborescem, Willd. {Dicks. Pavuni, noh. supra
J). 7-1), diffeiing from the former by its obtuse laeinia?, and from the latter
by its caiidex not being arborescent;"' — The only Daral/ia tliat I am
acquainted with tliat can be likened to our Dicksotiia Plunueri,'\s Dav.
iiucqualis, Kze. and it is probable that the present and two preceding species
should be placed next them.

Dubious Species of this Suhgenus.

78. D. Brasi/iensis, liooV. — Microlepia Brasiliensis, Pz-es/,
Te/tt. Plerid. p. 125 {nume onhf) tab. 4, / 23. There is
little in the figure now quoted, which only gives a solitary
pinnule, to distinguish it from D. inaiqualis, of which a
pinnule is also represented on the same plate, Ji(/. 21. I
am not aware that the plant is anywhere described.

79. D. Manilensis, Hook. — Microlepia Manilensis, Presl,
in Herb. Meyen, and in Tent. Pterid. p. 125 [iname only).

80. D. hwnilis, Hook. — Microlepia humilis, Presl, Tent.
Pterid. p. 125 {name only). " Dicksonia humilis, Willd.
Herb. n. 20164." Of this and the preceding I am not
aware that any thing further than their names is anywhere
recorded.

Subgeii. VIII. Cuneate. — Davallia § Otlontosoria, Pr. in part,
and § Colposoria, Pr. in part. Davallia (vera) J. Sm. in part. —
Sori transrerscli/ ot)luny, nearly of the same te.vture as the
frond, placed at the ape.v of a narrow segment and gene-
rally occupying the irhole breadth of that ape.v, so that, in
many, if the apex of the segment were altered in texture,
it would be considered a portion of" the involucre, and resem-
ble the fructification of a Lindsiva. — Ferns of the tropics,
or subextratropical, both of the Old and New World. Caude.v
creeping or none P Fronds coriaceous or submembranaceous,
sometimes herbaceous, often firm and dark brown in drying,
erect and unarmed, or scandent and spinous, generally much
decompound, the segments or divisions cuneate, mostly narrow

18() DAVALLIA.

and linear with a much altcnuated base, always glabrous. Veins
cither single, or solitary in the centre of each narrow segment,
dividing and forked with nearly parallel branches to meet a
forking of the segment. (Presl, Tent. Ptericl. Tab. 4, f. 27.)

Obs. The present appears to me an extremely natural group, havini?
assuredly a peculiar habit, and sori that resemble nearly as much
those of some Lindscea as the type of Davallia ; yet no one that I am
aware of has sought to separate it from the latter genus. Presl, indeed, has
placed some in his§ C'oljx'soria, which, if I understand them rightly, ought
unquestionably to be referred to his § Odontosoria.

* Fronds not scandent, unarmed.

81. T>. lennifolia, Sw.; caudex creeping (short?) woolly
with subulate ferruginous scales, stipes long, frond erect
ovato-lauceolate generally elongate glabrous subcoriaceous
brown when dry bi-tri-pinnate with the rachis com])ressed
and winged (or in other words bitripinnatifid), the segments
or ultimate divisions approximate forked linear- cuneate trun-
cate the apex slightly erose, involucres terminal and solitary
or in pairs short (transversely) oblong slightly erose. — Sw.
Sy}f. Fil. p. 133 and 350. Willd. Sp. PI. v. p. 477, (excl.
ihe syn. o/B. venusta, Sc/ik/t. Fil. i. 128). Pr. Tent. Plerid.
L 4, /. 27. Bl. En. Fil. Jav. p. 239. D. reraota, Kaulf.
Hook, et Am. Bot. Beech. Voy. p. 108. Bory, in Duperrey,
Voy. Bot. p. 280. Adiantum cuneatura, Forst. Prodr. {not
L.) — $. segments broader.

Hab. East India and East Indian Islands, probably general. Assam,
Griffith, Jenkin,^. Nepal, and Kamoun, Wall. Sylhet, De Sylva. Kha-
siya, Griffith. Madras Peninsula, Wight. Mauritius, (Sw.) Wallich Cat.
n. 245, and others. China, Beechey. Java, Blume, Millett. Ceylon,
abundant, 3Irs. Gen. Walker and others. Sandwich Islands, Macrae,
Barclay, ^-c. Madagascar, Dr. Lyall, Boyer. — /3. Luzon, Cuming,
n. 59. China, Beechey. Bonin {Herb. Imp. Acad. Petrop.) — A well marked
species, less variable than many of the genus. It appears to be wholly
confined to the tropical countries of the old world. Those who, like
Sprengel, speak of it as a native of the West Indies, unquestionably
confound the D. clavata with it, mistaking Schkuhr's figure, which is
nevertheless a very excellenl one.

82. D. tricJiomanoides, Bl. ; " frond sid^triplicato-pinnate
membranaceous glabrous, pinnae subrhombeo-ovate rather
remote, pinnttles tra]iezoid oblong deeply pinnatifid (lower
ones deeply pinnatifid), segments narrow cuneato-linear
obtuse subbifid, fertile ones truncato-emarginate at the apex
with a solitary sorus, segments oblong truncate, rachis mar-
gined above and as well as the subtrigonal stipes glabrous."
Bl. En. Fil. Jav. p. 238.

Hab. Mountains of Java and the Moluccas, Blume. — "Differs from

DAVALMA. 187

D. fenuifdlia, Sw. in the smaller fronds, the oMong almost hypociatcri-
lorm sori immersed in the apex of the laeiniac." lil.

83. D. C///«e;?5w, Svv. ; caudcx crcei)ing crinite with glossy
brown sixbiilatc scales, I'roml ovato-lanccolale shorter than
the stipes glabrous opaque coriaceous (as if fleshy when
recent) dark brown ferruginous beneath bi])innate, pinn;c
lanceolato-ovate dee])ly pinnatifid, ])innules ratlier distant
obovato-cuneate the apex more or less rounded and entire
attenuated below simple or 2 — 3-lobed, lobes short some-
what rounded, veins several obscure sunk, sori solitary or two
in each lobe and then subconfluent, in age very prominent,
superior rachises winged. — Sw. Sijn. Fil. p. 133. IFilld.
Sp. PL v. 474. Langsd. ct Fisch. Fil. p. 23, /. 27 [excellent).
Trichomancs Chinense, Osh. Voy. ed. Amjl. ii. p. 357, t. 6.
Linn. Sp. PI. 1562. Davallia Chusana? JVilld. Tricho-
mancs Chusanum ? L. Davallia I'erruginea ? Cav. Prcel.
n. 691. Sw. Syn. Fil. p. 134. Bl. En. Fil. Jar. p. 239 ?
iVee.9. et Bl. Act. Acad. Cur. xi. t. 12, /. 4 ?

Hab. China, Osbeck, Becchey. Isle of Bonin {Herb. Avt. Petiop.)
Philippine Isles ? Cavanillcs. Java, Blume P — I was disposed to consider
this a variety of D. tenuifolia, Sw., receiving it, as I have done, from China
(but from China alone) in company with thai species: still, a further exami-
nation of specimens leads me to the conclusion that it is truly distinct ;
and though a rude, yet the figure in Osbeck is a faithful representation of
the species. It is generally much smaller than Z>. tenuifolia, and the
stipes considerably shorter in proportion, the texture is far thicker, more
coriaceous, and one could suppose it to be almost fleshy when recent ;
the pinnules are much broader, not truly cuneate, but obovato-cuneate;
that is, the angles arc rounded off and the apex is quite entire. The
colour, when diy, is even of a darker brown, at least above, for the under-
side is almost always ferruginous : and the veins are sunk and obsolete,
of course, more copious in proportion to the breadth. I am uncertain
as to Blume's D. ferrugima, and am rather disposed, judging from his
figure, to refer to a somewhat broader state of D. teiiuifolia, our var. /3.
Of D. Chusana I am doubtful also.

84. D. clavata, Sw. ; eaudex creeping lanate with dark
brown articulated hairs, stipes erect elongated pale straw-
colour, frond erect ovato-lanceolate rather short lax submem-
branaceous tripinnatc, the segments or pinnules distant ulti-
mate ones very narrow linear-cuneate simple or forked
glabrous, the apex sharply inciso-dentate, rachis com]iressed
slightly winged, involucre terminal subrotund transverse often
erose. — .SVr. Syn. Fil. p. 133. Jl'illd. Sp. PI. v. p. 47S.
Adiantum clavatum, L. — Adiantum miinis, foliis in suunni-
tate retusis. Plum. Fil. t. 101, B. — Davallia venusta, Sclik.
Fil. p. 122, /. 128. Kze. in PI. Cri)pt. Poepp. in Linncva, ix.
;). 87. D. tenuifolia, Poepp. " Fil. F.rsicc. Cub:' {Kze.)

188 DAVALLIA.

Hab. West Indian Islands, Martinique, Plumier ; Cuba, Poeppig ;
Bahamas, Swainson. Jamaica, Wiles, Mc Fadjjen, Purdie (White-Hall,
St. Thomas' in the East). — Quite distinct from D. tenuifolia, and appa-
rently peculiar to the new world (and confined to the trojiical inlands) as
the latter is to the old world. It is usually smaller than D. tenuifolia, far
more .slender, and delicate, of a much paler colour, with very elongated
narrow- cuneate or rather clavate segments. The ordinary height is a foot
(of Avhich the stipes is about half) ; but Mr. Purdie's specimens are two feet
long and exceedingly graceful. Schkuhr's figure, above quoted, is very
good, and it is strange that it should ever have been quoted as D. te-
nuifolia. Plumier's figure is characteristic, though coarse and the segments
too broad.

85. D. retusa, Cav. ; erect, frond ample decompoundly
pinnate, pinnaj much acuminate, pinnules rhomboideo-lan-
ceolate tapering into a short petiole sometimes again pinnate
below, ultimate pinnules or segments broadly cuneate entire
or bi-trifid many-nerved, sori at the truncated apex generally
confluent so as to form a transverse linear involucre (resem-
bling that of Llndsaa). (Tab. LII. A..)— Cav. Prcel. n. 692.
Stc. Si/n. Fil. p. 133. Willd. Sp. PL v. 476. J. Sm. En.
Fil. Philipp. I. c. Pr. Reliq. Hcenk. vi. p. 66.

Hab. Philippine Islands, {Camnilles) ; Luzon, Cuming, n. 411. — A tall
growing species, but not scandent, much branched, at least four times pin-
nate. Pinnules large, from the confluence of several lobes. The fructifi-
cations, if viewed from beneath, exactly resemble those of Lindsaa : but on
the back of the segment, the substance of the frond itself will be seen
to extend to tlie apex. The rachis is glossy chestnut brown : the I'rond
deeper brown, opaque and rather paler beneath.

86. D. bifida, Hook, and Grev. ; rather small, roots tufted,
caudex obsolete, stipes erect, frond ovate or deltoid mem-
branous tender bright green tripinnate, ultimate pinnules
bifid or bipartite all of them linear cuneate glabrous trun-
cate and erose at the apex, sori terminal or nearly so, invo-
lucres transversely oblong entire. — Kaulf. Enum. Fil. p. 222.
Hook, et Grev. Ic. Fil. tab. 238.

Hab. Brazil, Cltamisso ; Minas Geraes, Langadorff (in Herb, nostr.)
Organ mountains, Gardner, n. 155 ; St. Catherine's, Macrae. — An elegant
and very graceful species, with the delicate appearance and rich green of
some Trichomaties , which also the narrow divisions of the fronds resem-
ble. Sprengel refers to this species " Lindscea virescens, Sw. ;" I know
not upon what authority, nor where that name is published.

87. D. Goudoiiana, Kze. ; small, caudex slender creeping,
frond oblong-lanceolate acuminate membi'anaceous pinnate,
pinna; nearly sessile dee])ly bi-subtripinnatifid, the segments
narrow cuneate simple or bifid obtuse with a simple or
Ibrked vein, sori terminal often with a tooth of the frond
projecting on the outside, involucre subreniform, stijies short

slender. (Tah. L. C.) 0. ])inn;c scarcely more than pinna-
tifid, segments larger and broader. D. Goudotiana, Kze.
Anal Plerid. p. 35, /. 22, /. 2.

Hub, Madairasoar, at iMiiiiuc, Dr. Lyall. /3. Madagascar, Gumlot. —
My specimen which I had called />. Emirnemis, MSS. is uiKiueslioiiahly
the same species with D. Goudotiana, Kze., and being more compound, it
is probably the more fully developed state : hence I have been led to consi-
der Knnze's plant as the variety. It is an extremely distinct species and
probably very rare.

88. D. Schlcctoidalilii, Pr. ; frond ample spreading 3 — 4
pinnate snbrigid, primary pinn;o spreading or dedexed, secon-
dary and pinnules dicliotomonsly divided divaricating dis-
tant the segments narrow linear single-veined slightly di-
lated npvvards (hence cuneate) grooved on the nnderside,
rachis 4-sided and as well as the main rachis everywhere
zigzag, sori terminal solitary, involucres broad ovate or obo-
vate the apex free forming with the apex of the segment two
rounded lips. (Tah. LIV. C.) — Pres/, Tent. Pterid. p. 129
{name only). D. divaricata, Schlecht. in Linncea, v. p. ()17
{not Blume). Martens and Galeotti, Syn. Fil. Mex. p. 77.

Hab. Mexico, Schiede and Deppe : Slate district, east of Oaxaca,
3 — 5000 feet of elevation, Galcotti, (h. 6372). — A sinj^ular, and apparently
a somewhat scandent, Fern, copiouslj'and deeply divided into very narrow,
divaricating-, rather ri<>fid segments, deep brown in colour. Here the fruc-
tification, though tmly that of a Davallia, puts on the appearance of that
of an Ili/menophi/llum, so much does the apex of the segment of the
frond resemble one of the lips of an involucre, to which the involucre
itself is parallel. The segments are as narrow as those of D. Bhimeana
(supra, p. 177), but the composition of the frond and the sori are quite
different.

89. D. meifoUa, H. B. K. ; " fronds tri pinnate glabrous,
pinnules bipartite, segments cuneate, sorus subrotund ter-
minal, sterile ones emarginate or bifid." H. B. K. Nov.
Gen. Am. i. p. 23. Presl, Reliq. Hucnk. i. p. 67. Darea
fumarioides, JVilld. Sp. PL v. p. 299.

Hab. Caracas and Chacao, Humboldt. Panama. {Presl). — With this I
am unacquainted : and neither of the authors who have described it
alludes to its affinities. Mr. J. Smith considers it may be D. yibhe-
rosu, Sw.

90. D. t /tec if/era, H. B. K. ; " fronds at the apex bi- at
the base tripinnate glabrous, pinnules linear-cuneate fur-
nished with a rounded sorus beneath the a]iex, involucres
entire, rachis alato-marginate." H. B. K. Nov. Gen. Am.
i. p. 23.

Hab. Province of Venezuela, Tlumboldl. — May not this, which is
unknown to mc, be a form of /). rinvata !'

190 DAVALLIA.

91. D. cuneiformis, Sw. ; " fronds triplicato-pinnate, pin-
nules subtripartite, segments alternate obovato-cuneate trun-
cated, involucres spreading." Willd. — Siv. Si/ii. Fil. p. 133.

Willd. Sp. PI. V. p. 477. D. didyma, " Hedta. FiL fasc. 4."
Trichomanes cuneiforme, Forst. Prodr, n. 469.

Hab. Pacific Isles, /'oj-i'^^'r. — The specimen is so bad in the Banksian
Herbarium, that I can make nothing of it.

92. D. bijlora, Kaulf. ; " fronds bi-tripinnate coriaceous,
the apex and lower pinnae caudate, segments cvineiform trun-
cate with about two sori, involucres subrotund." Kaulf. En.
FiL p. 221.

Hab. Manilla, Chamisso. — " Differs from D. cuneiformis, Sw. in the
coriaceous frond with wider segments, the involucres subrotund entire.''
Doubtful Species of this division.

93. D. } triloba, Willd. ; " fronds pinnate, pinna) alternate
petiolate tripartite, segments subrotundo-obovale" (cuneate)
" obtuse inciso-crenate." JVilld. Sp. PL v. p. 468. Adian-
tum trilobura, L. — Ad. humile trifoliatum et repens, Plum.
FiL p. 82, t. 99, /. C.

Hab. Hispaniola, Plumier. — This and the following are taken up by
Willdenow solely from the figures of Plumier: but whatever may be the
genus of those, the present would seem to belong to Adiantum, if Plu-
mier's description may be depended upon.

94. D. } trifoliata, Sw. ; " fronds bipinnate, pinnules ter-
nate sessile very narrow linear truncate, rachis flexuose."
Willd. — Sw. Syn. FiL p. 133. Willd. Sp. PL v. p. 478.
Adiantum trifoliatum, L. — Adiantum triphyllum et retusum,
Plutn. FiL p. 81, t. 99, /. B.

Hab. Hispaniola, Plumier. — A fern with the slender pendent habit of
some Trichomanes. The real nature of the sori is unknown.

95. D. ? capillacea, Willd. ; " fronds triplicato-pinnate,
pinnules filiform terminated by a sorus." Willd. Sp. PL v.
p. 479. Trichomanes capillaceum, Z. — Adiantum capilla-
ceum. Plum. FiL p. 83, t 99, /. D.

Hab. Hispaniola, Plumier. — May this not be an indifferent figure of
Trichomanes trichoideum P

96. D. thalictroides, Pr. Tent. Pterid. 1. c. (name only).

97. D. Jlexuosa, " Spr. in Sieb. Fl. Mart. Suppl. n. 23."
Pr. Tent. 1. c. (name only).

** Fronds very long, scandent, spinous.

98. D. aculeata, Sw. ; fronds spreading ample scandent
subtriplicato-pinnate firm subcoriaceous, lower pinna tri-
pinnate ultimate pinnae lanceolate, pinnules flabellato-cuneate

DAVALLIA. 11)1

unequally bi-trifid the lobes broad cuneate 2 — 4-veined,
raclus wiry flexuose or zigzag ])iicldy with curved spines, in-
volucres terminal rather small cup-shaped or half oval not
confluent less than the diameter of the segment. (Tab. L) V.
B.) — !)• aculeata, Sw. in. Act. Taur. 1793. Sw. Sijii. Fil.
p. 134. FL I fid. Oct: iii. p. 1099. IVilld. Sp. PL v. p. 479. D.
dumosa, Sw. St/n. Fil. p. 135 and 353. IVilld. Sp. PL v.
]). 4H(), {not Kiuizc). Adiantum aculeatum, L. " Spretuj.
AnleU."" — Adiantum frutesccus, spinosum ct repens, Plum.
FiL J). 77, /. 9i.—Sloiuie, Jaw. i. p. 99, t. CI.

Hab. West Iiuli;ui Islands, Meuzics. Hispaniola, Plinnier. Jamaifa,
Sirartz, Dr. Bancroft. Doniiiiira, Dr. Imrai/, n. 7. — This lias all tlie ap-
pearance ol a large climbing Fern. The caiidex, Plumicr tells us, " is
no thicker than a writing pen, but it extends in every direction by
means of long branches, wliich are as hard as wood and quite black and
woolly. Fronds arc produced from this caudex of prodigious length,
with their stipes and rachis polished like ebony, and beset with hooked
spines: from these spring long branches, sometimes alternate, sometimes
opposite, waved and tortuous ; from each bend or angle a branch proceeds,
beset with pinnules or leaves resembling those of the Maiden-hair," Adia7i-
tuiii Cnpillus. "The whole plant, however," continues Plumier, " resembles
a Ruhus rather than an Adiantum, in consequence of its spiny character.
It occupies a great quantity of surface and invests the largest forest-trees
if growing near them. I have seen a whole field entirely covered with
this Fern, in a place which the Buccaneers call ' Spiny bottom.' The
same Buccaneers call the plant the French Fern.''' — By its broader pinnules
and segments this plant seems to bear the same relation to D.fumarioidcs,
that D. retusa does to D. tenuifolia.

It will be seen that I have difl'ered from all my predecessors in uniting
the D. dumosa with D. aculeata. For the D. aculeata the authority is
Sloane's figure, which is sufficiently characteristic. The D. dumosa is
a species wholly taken up from Plumier, whose figure is equally satisfac-
toiy, if we only make allowance for a little exaggeration in the si)ines of
our plants. Spreugel seems to have been the first to consider Phimier's
plant distinct, and to have misled the excellent vSwartz, who in the Flora
Ind. Occ. correctly enough referred to Phimier's figure for D. aculeata,
which in his Synopsis Filicum he has removed to D. dumosa, in which
work however he has under both species included the Adiantum aculeatum,
L. : and, so conscious was he of the similarity of the two, that he observes,
under D. dumosa, " simillima D. aculeata: toto habitu, ita ut non valde
miror Cel. Sprengeliuin 1. c. banc pro illam habuisse."

99. T>. fiiniarioides, Sw. ; fronds spreading ample scandent
subtriplicato-pinnatc firm submembranaceous, lower primary
pinn;D 3 — 4-pinnate, pinnules ovato-lanceolate deeply bipin-
natifid, segments cuneate digitated, the segments linear-
cuncatc obtuse single-veined, rachis wiry flexuose or zigzag
prickly with decurved spines, sori solitary terminal, invo-
lucres cup-shaped or half-oval as broad as the segment. —
Sw. Syn. FiL p. 135. FL Lid. Occ. iii.;;. 1701. .SV///.7/. Fil.
t. 129 [excellent). IVilld. Sp. PL v. p. 480. D. acideata,

192 DAVALLIA.

" Hedtv. Flir [according to IVUld.) Trichoraanes aculeatum,
Sw. Prodr. p. 137. Acrostichum aculeatum, L. Davallia
dumosa, Poepp. Fil. Cub. (in Herb. Hook.) and Kze. Crypt.
Poepp. in Linncea, p. 88.* [not Sw.)

Hab. West Indian Islands. Jamaica, Sloaiie, Swartz, Menzies, Wiles,
McFadyen ; Cuba, Poeppig.

Subgenus IX. DareoidEjE. Sori lateral or sublateral, and
vwre or less oblique upon a more or less dilated terminal seg-
ment. Involucre always close to the margin, broader than long,
terminal upon a vein, somewhat cup-shaped, open only at the
truncated mouth and forming a compressed pouch at the edge
of the segment, of nearly the same texture as the frond. — Tro-
pical or subextratropical Ferns, of the Old and the Neiv World,
Root tufted, fibrous. Stipes linear, compressed , sometimes with
a few scattered scales. Fronds a span to a foot or more long,
at first pinnate then compoundly pinnatifid, or deeply divided
throughout in a bi-tri-pinnatifid ynanner, into narrow, linear
segments, only a little dilated at the apices, everywhere gla-
brous, opaque, the texture moderately firm (probably rather
fleshy when recent), single-veined, the vein sunk, obscure;
colour pale green.

Obs. This is indeed a small though a very natural subgenus; in colour and
texture so much resembling the group Darea among Asplenia, that I have
derived the name of the subgenus from that circumstance : and the gene-
ral obliquity of the sorus, opening towards the margin, strengthens the
similarity. The resemblance is the greatest \\\\\\ Asplenium {Darea) Shut-
tleivorthianum, Kze., in Schkuhr's Stippl. t. 14. There however the invo-
lucres are more elongated and are more decidedly lateral.

100. D. gibberosa, Sw. ; froud ovate bi-subtripinnate subco-
riaceous opaque, pinnae acuminate deeply bipinnatifid, seg-
ments rather distant linear dilated at the apex simple or
obliquely bifid gibbous on one side 1-veined, sorus on the
oblique dilated apex of a segment with generally a tooth of
the segment on the outside, involucre cup-shaped of nearly
the same colour and texture as the frond. — Sw. Syn. Fil.
p. 1^4. and 351. Schkh. Fil. p. 121, t. 128 (very accurate).
Willd. Sp. PL V. p. 476. Trichomanes, Forst. Prodr.
n. 470. Davallia glaucescens, " Hediv. FiW''

Hab. Pacific Islands, Banks, Nightingale. Otaheite, Beechey. Pitcairn's
Island, Cuming, n. 1.373. — The tallest of this group, and, in the lower
part at least, twice or thrice pinnated, then pinnatifid. Stipes and main
rachis less compressed than in most of the species and of a darker colour.

* Presl quotes D. dumosa, Kze., and D. dumosa and D. fumarioides,
Poepp. PI. Exsicc, under D. aculeata, Sw. My specimen of D. dumosa,
from Poeppig, is unquestionably, as I have above stated, D. fumarioides.

DA V ALU A. 193

Fronds ^ to 2 feet liigli. Fiuclificalions copious, one on almost each di-
lated apex of a segment, in a sinus of two unequal lobes, of which one is
gibbous. The involucre is oblique, and opens towards the axis of the
pinnules.

101. D. Lindeni, Hook. ; tufted, root fibrous but having a
short tliick rootstock, fronds (a s]ian long) ovato-lanccolatc
bijiinnatifid pale green, ])riniary divisions lanceolate in cir-
cumscription, ultimate ones remote and rachis linear, the
forms dilated upwards blunt and bearing the sorus oblicjuely
in the inner margin, involucres cujj-shaped compressed trun-
cated generally with a short blunt falcate tooth on the outer
margin formed by a ])rolongation of the segment, stipes long-
er than the frond compressed narrow-linear green, and as well
as the frond bearing scattered brown at length deciduous sub-
ulate scales. (Tab. LVI. B.). — (3. smaller segments narrower,
apices of the segments more acute.

Hab. Caracas, Linden, n. 70; Ilarhvrg, m. 1507; Finick, n. 648.-3.
Organ mountains, on the stem of an old tree, Gardner, n. 200. — Very dis-
tinct from the preceding, and more allied to the following, from which it
may be known by its smallersize, of a darker green, w ith more slender (yet
decidedly compressed) stipes, shorter fronds, broader, with more distant
segments and oblique sori, in which latter respects it ajiproaches to D.
(jibbcrosa. Our var. /3. from Brazil is more slender, with narrower seg-
ments, the ultimate ones more acute : but I see no other differences.

10*2. D. Schimperi, Hook. ; tufted (a foot high), root
fibrous, fronds pale whitish green lanceolate with scattered
brown deciduous scales, tripinnatifid, segments linear distant
dilated at the apex and obtuse simple or forked on the lower
ones sometimes pinnatifid, sori terminal solitary slightly ob-
lique, involucres cup-shaped truncate rarely (the inferior ones)
with a tooth on the outside, stipes shorter than the frond li-
near flat as broad as the segments with small scattered dis-
tant scales. (Tab. L. A.). — D. concinna, Schimper, It. Abyss.
Sect. 2(1(1, n. 1184, " speclmina ma.viina,'' [not Schrad.)

Hab. Trunks of trees near Adesula, Abyssinia, Schimper. — This is a
very different plant from the following, D. concinna. Its roots are tufted
and fibrous, but in the centre of the fibres is a short cormus or root-stock,
with some dark brown, glossy scales. Stipites crowded, several from the
same root, linear, pale, almost white, flattened, with a few scattered dark
brown scales, which are probably deciduous. Fronds a span and more high,
lanceolate, bipinnatifid : primary segments or divisions lanceolate in cir-
cumscription, ultimate ones distant, and rachis of the same width as the
stipes. Involucres terminal, solitary, a little oblique on each segment,
slightly winged on eacli side, truncated. — Allied to D. (jibbcrosa, but truly
distinct, everywhere pinnatifid. Color very pale.

103, ? D. concinna, Schrad. ; " frond lanceolato-oblong

o

194 DAVALLIA.

obtuse curved thick coriaceous glabrous above, beneath with
scattered bro\vn scales, more or less deeply pinnato-pinnati-
fid, pinncc alternate patent ovate cuneate at the base, seg-
ments linear-spathulatc curved bordered, the margin thick-
ened reflexed retuse bi- or trifid, sori and involucres large
semiorbicular, rachis flattened costate margined, stipes short
ascending, caudcx creeping densely clothed with brown rigid
scales." Kze. — " ScJirad. Fil. Cap. in Goett. Gel. Anz. 1818,
n. 92, p. 918, not Presl.'"* Kze. Emend, ad Acotyl. Afr.
Ausfr. in Linnaia, xiii. p. 152, et in Schk. Fit. Siippl. p. 75,
t. 37. D. carapyloptera, Kze. Acot. Afr. in Linnaa, x. 544.
Hab. Interior of South Africa, Drege, Krauss, n. 742. — With this spe-
cies I am not acquainted, and I am probably wrong in referring it to this
subgenus : but I am induced to do so from the circumstance of Schimper
having considered his plant, just described {D. Schimperi, nobis), to be a
large state of it. It has not the habit, nor apparently the fructification, of
this group.

Species of the Genus altogether doubtful.

104. D. glatica, Cav. ; " leaves tripinnate, pinnules alter-
nate glaucous, pinnules linear pinnatifid acute." Cav. Pral.
1801, n. 693. Sw. St/n. FiL 134. Willd. Sp. PL v. 474.

Hab. Alps, Peru (Cavanilles). Probably not of this genus.

105. D. hirsuta, Sw. ; " fronds subbipinnate pubescent,
pinnules coadunate lanceolato-falcate crenated towards the
apex." Sw. Sijn. Fil. p. 131 et £43. Willd. Sp. PL v. 469.
Trichomanes hirsutum, TJtunh. Jap. 339, [non Linn.)

Hab. Japan, Thunberg.

106. D. Magellanica, " Desv. ; frond glabrous, pinnules
oblong lower ones sinuato-pinnatifid, upper ones toothed at
the apex, sori scattered." Spr. Syst. Veget. iv. 120.

Hab. Magalhaens, (Desvaux). — A very unlikely country for any true
Davallia.

107. D. jJellucida, Desv.; "pinnae and pinnules acute,
pinnules decurrently pinnate, ultimate pinnides glabrous
ovato-oblong deeply toothed at their apex, teeth somewhat
subulato-setaceous, rachis distantly divided, stipes glabrous."
Desv. in Mem. Soc. Linn. Par. ii. 346.

(D. ? lohata, Desv. is the Lindscea lohata of Poiret, of the
genus of which Desvaux seems to be doubtful. — With such
names the present catalogue of dubious species might be in-
creased ad injinitum).

•* Which is Dicksonia (Patania) concinna, supra, p. 74.

DAVALLIA. 195

108. D. urophijllu, Wall. Cat. n. 2683 ; from the moun-
tains of Sylhet, 1 have not been able to find in my own, nor
in any other collection.

ion. D. cordifolin, lloxb. ; " creeping, petioles smooth,
fronds about 0 inches high long-cordate polished and very
firm oppositely ])innate, leaflets confluent falcate obtuse
deeply crenatc the lower pair semicordate, fructifications
marginal with very distinct roundish hard scaly involucres."
Roxh. Crypt. PL Jnd. 52.

Hab. Mountains north of Rohilcunde, Roxburgh. " Tlie habit of this
species is remarkably hard and smooth."

110. D. serra/a, Roxb.; "rachis 3-sided, fronds alternate-
ly pinnate, leaflets linear firm and smooth serrate, fructifica-
tions solitary at each serrature, involucre forming a small
pouch after the capsules expand." Roxb. I. c. 52.

Hab. Prince of Wales' Island, Dr. Roxburgh.

111. D.piiosa, Roxb. ; "fronds alternately bi- and tripin-
nate hairy, leaflets deeply crenate or pinnatifid, ultimate seg-
ments therefore semicircular somewhat crenulate and gene-
rally 3-flowered, involucre ciliate and separating outwards."
Ro.vh. I. c. p. 53.

Hab. Eastern parts of the Delta of the Ganges, and thence introduced
by Dr. Buchanan to the Calcutta Botanic Garden, Roxburgh.

112. T). trapeziformis, Roxb.; "stipes smooth nearly as
long as the ovate-oblong alternately bipinnate and tripinna-
tifid fronds (1 — 2 feet high), leaflets subtrapeziform obtuse
and more or less divided into rounded segments, fructifica-
tions generally in a single spot near the bottom of the fissures
of the ultimate segments, involucre opening on the anterior
margin forming a pouch." Roxb. I. c. p. 54.

Hab. Malaccas, Roxburgh. " Of a soft texture, tending to be villous.''

(D. aiigustifoUa, Roxb. 1. c. p. 51, is D. auyustata, Wall.
(et nob. supra, p. 152), according to Griflith).

D. multijloray Roxb. 1. c. p. 53, is D. parallela, Wall, (et
nob. supra, p. 153) according to the same authority.

D. lon(jifolia, Roxb. 1. c. p. 52, is probably D. Emerso)ii^
Hook, et Grev. supra, p. 150.

(D. ? achill(C//olia, Wall. ; caudex ? flagelliform extremely
long, semiterete branched stout creeping here and there
woolly rooting s])inescent, fronds distant alternate from two
opposite sides of the caudex (.'') bipinnate, pinnic articulated

196 CYSTOPTERIS.

on the rachis oblong horizontally patent, the rachis winged,
pinnules subraembranaceous cuneate subdigitate unequally

bi- or trifid, tlie segments cuneate, involucres ? Tab.

LVI. D.).— Davallia achilla3ifolia, Wall. Cat. n. 248.

Hab. Penaug, Dr. WaUich. — Caudex, if it may be so called, perhaps,
more correctly, creeping stipes, many feet long, as thick as a swan's quill,
flexuose, branched but compressed or slightly channelled on the underside,
destitute of scales, but furnished with short, distant, slightly curved spines
on the convex or semiterete side. Fronds (or primary pinnae) small, 4 — 5
inches high, almost sessile, narrow-ovate, submembranaceous. Pinnae op-
posite or alternate, jointed on the rachis and deciduous, oblong-lanceolate,
pinnatifid (or pinnate with a winged rachis), the segments or ultimate pin-
nules small, cuneate in the undivided ones, subflabellate in those which are
twice or thrice lobed ; the lobes with a single vein. There are small dark-
colored deciduous scales scattered on the fronds and rachis.

The above description, together with our figure, Tab. LVI. D., will give
a tolerably correct idea of this singular Fern, or state of a Fern ; for Mr.
J. Smith has pointed out to me in his collection a specimen he received
from Professor Reinwardt of Leyden, under the name of Lomaria polymor-
pha {Lomaria aculeata, Bl. En. Fil. p. 205), which appears almost iden-
tical with this. Blume, however, places it among his doubtful Lomariw,
and it seems to be the state he alludes to as " var. B. laciniis cuneatis bi-
trifidis.'' Mr. J. Smith, too, finds a similar production on specimens of
his Stmnochlana {Acrostichum, L.) scanderis, from Mr. Cuming, which he
has fully described in his Enum. Fil. Philipp. in Hook. Journ. of Bot. iii.
p. 401, where he remarks "these abnormal fronds are usually about 3 inches
in length and tripinnatifid, not unlike some delicate multifid species of
Damllia or Cheilanthes. They are found on a lengthened rachis, like parts
of the rhizoma, which are either smooth or aculeated. From Mr. Cuming's
authority and Reinwardt's specimen, there can be now no doubt that it is
a peculiar growth, common to more than one species of this genus. I am
not, however, in possession of sufficient evidence to enable me to state un-
der what circumstances it takes place, although, probably, I am not far
wrong in saying that it may be considered analogous to the trichomanoid
growth found on the stipes of Hemitelia (Alsophila) Capensis,'' (v. supra, p.
37). — In this view of the subject I heartily concur : it will probably be
found that the supposed caudex is a stipes, and the supposed reduced and
altered fronds are rather pinns than fronds).

2. Cystopteris, Bernh.

Polypodii, sp. Linn. Aspidii sp. Sw. and others. Ne-
jjhrodium, Mich. Cyathea et Cystea, Stn. Athyrium, Roth.

Sort globose, situate at the middle of the back of a veinlet.
Involucre superficial, thin, membranous, cellular, subglo-
bose, cucuUate, more or less acuminated and often jagged,
inserted by its broad, inflated base under the sorus (often a
little obliquely), and covering that sorus ; its apex directed
to the apex of the segment ; at length often reflected. —
Tufted Ferns; or the caudex sometimes creeping; chiejly in-

CVSTOPTERIS. 197

hdbiiing temperate climates both of the old and new world,
and both hemispheres. Fronds (jeneralhj small, delicate,
membranaceous, bi-lripinnatijid or pinnate. V^'ins pinnate
and forked, vcinlcts jOee, terminatina a little within the
margin.

Obs. — A genus founded on the well-known C.frag'di.i, whose fructifica-
tion has been viewed by authors in very different lights, hence the copious
list of synonymous genera : and it must be confessed that the smallness of
the fructification, together with the very delicate succulent nature of the
involucre when fresh, membranous when diy, soon becoming revolute and
shrinking, has occasioned much of the difficulty. The few species which
it contains are found to be extremely variable, and they have been need-
lessly multiplied ; while on the other hand species have been added which
clearly have no connexion with it. Confined to its legitimate species it is
a very natural genus, and may assuredly be considered a connecting link
between the DavaUlavcce and Aspidiacrcr, harmonizing better with the for-
mer than with the latter, especially with that group, or subgenus, as it is
here called, of DavalUa, Leucostegia. The involucre forms a kind of cup at
the base, holding, as it were, in the young state, the sorus, and having a
broad point of attachment. On account of the affinity with Davalliu, I
place the genus between that and Lindscm, some of whose species, as has
been already intimated, bear also a close affinity to DavalUa.

1. C. frag it is, Bernh.; fronds broad lanceolate bipinnale,
pinnae ovate or lanceolate variously toothed or laciniated or
pinnatifid the segments more or less acnte entire or again
toothed, sori scattered more or less distant sometimes crowd-
ed and almost confluent, rachis winged.

a. vulgaris; Ironds decompound pale green, sori rather
large generally crowded, involucres usually acuminated
conspicuous.

Cystopteris f'ragilis, Bernh. Neu. Journ. Bot. ii. p. 27.
Polypodium, L. Aspidium, Sw. Willd. Sp. PL v. p. 280.
Schkh. Fil. t. 54 {e.vcellent), and vars. tt. 55, 56. Cyathea,
Sm. Engl. Bot. t. 1587. Cyathea, Sm. Eng. Fl. iv. p. 289.
C. orientalis, Desv.

Hah. (a.) Hocks and walls, chiefly in northern or alj)ine regions through-
out Europe. Kamtschatka, {Herb, iioslr.) Iceland, Hooker. Abyssinia,
Schimper. — N. America, from the middle slates to the Polar sea: among
the Rocky Mountains, and both on the Pacific and Atlantic sides of that
continent. Madeira, Mund {Herb. Carmichucl), Lowe and others). Nor-
thern India, Affghanistan, Griffith. Kaffre country. Cape of Good Hope,
Ecklon.

The type of this species, which I here call a. vulyarii, is familiar to every
European botanist, and scarcely less common in moist mount<iin rocks iu
N. America ; but no one can have seen an extensive suite of specimens,
from the same or from different localities, without being aware of the va-
ried aspect it exhibits. In South America it assumes rather a different
character from the European plant, chiefly however depending on colour,
whence it may be called

198 CYSTOPTERIS.

b. nigrescens; fronds as in a, but when dry generally be-
coming dark olive or blackish.

Cystopteris funiarioides of some authors {scarcely of Presl).
C. translucens, Desv. Aspidium fragile, Mart, ei Galeot. Fil.
Mex. p. 67.

Hab. Andes of Peru, Maclean, and Puruchuclia, Mathetvs, n. 601. Co-
lumbia, Harlweg, n. 1526; Pasco, Cruckshanks [small and approaching C.
dentata). Quito, Jameson. Guatemala, Skinner. Peak of Orizaba, Mex-
ico, Galeotti, n. 6239.

c. dentata ; fronds bipinnate, pinnae ovato-lanceolate, pin-
nules ovate obtuse bluntly and unequally toothed rarely
pinnatifid.

Europcean and Northern Asiatic Synonyms.

Cystopteris dentata, Hook. Brit. Flor. ed. 5, p. 441. As-
pidium, Siv. Willd. Sp. PL V. p. 273. Cyathea, Sm. Eng.
Bot. t. 1588. Cystea, Sm. Engl. Fl. iv. p. 300. Poly podium
dentatum, Dicks. Crypt, iii. 1, t. 7. P. Rhaeticura, Dicks.
Cyathea fragilis, ^. Sin. Fl. Brit. p. 1139. Cyathea angustata,
Sm. Eng. Fl. iv. p. 301. Cystopteris Canariensis, Pr. As-
pidium, Willd. Herb. Aspidium Pontederae, Willd. Sp. PI.
v. p. 273. Cystopteris retusa, Decne. in Jaqiiem. Voy. Bot.
p. 176, t. 177.

North American Synonyms.

Cystopteris tenuis, ScJtott. Aspidium tenue, Sw. Willd.
PL V. p. 279. Schk. FiL t. 53 b, [excellent). Nephrodium
tenue, Mich. Cystopteris fragilis, /3, Hook. FL Bor. Am. ii.
p. 260. C. atomaria ? Mnhl. Willd. Sp. PL v. p. 279.

South American Synonyms.

Cystopteris fumarioides, Kze. iti Poepp. FiL p. 97. Athy-
rium, Presl, Reliq. Hcsnk.fasc. i. p. 39, t. 6,f. 2. Cyst, fra-
gilis, Kze. in Poepp. FiL p. 97 {according to a specimen from
Poeppig). Aspidium fragile, var. fumarioides. Mart, et Ga-
leotti, Fil. Me.x. p. 67. Aspidium colobodon, Kze. in Colla,
PL Chil. i. n. 265, {fide Kze.) Cyst. Jamaicensis, Desv.

Hab. Europe, (and N. India and N. African Islands). N. of England,
Wales and Scotland. Iceland, Hooker. Norway, {Herb. Hook.) Cash-
mere, about Hirprom, Jacqem. Madeira, Dr. Finlay, Loxve. Canary Isles
(Desvaux), Dr. Finlay. Fayal, in the Azores, Dr. Guthnick. Greenland,
Hornemann. — North America. Kentucky to the Arctic regions, and from
the Atlantic to the Pacific. — S. America and W. Indies. Jamaica, Dr.
Wright. Peak of Orizaba, Mexico, Galeotti, n. 6260. Chili, Bridges,
n. 551. Cuming, n. 491. Poeppig (in Herb, nostr. under the names of Cyst.
fragilis, and C. fumarioides). Uspallata and Villa Vincenzia, Andes of
Mendoza, Gillies.

CVSTOI'TEUIS. 199

Such, in our view of the sulijcct, is lY.v range and such the synonyms of
this plant, and if it were worth the hibour of investigation, the hitter might
be increased two-fold. Desvaux adds live names of Poiret to the list of sy-
nonyms, and among the sixteen species of Ci/sinpUris, given as such, by
that author, probably several might with propriety be referred to the present.

2. C. alpinn, Dcsv.; iVonds bioad-lanc(!olate Ivipinnatc, pin-
nules confluent ovato-oblong pinnatifid latlier sju'eading, the
segments broadly and shortly linear obtuse with 2 or 3 blunt
erect teeth, involucres short and jagged, rachis winged. —
Hook. Brit. Fl. ed. 5, p. 441. Aspidium, Sic. WiUd. Sp. PL
V. p. 282. Schkh. Fil. p. GO, t. 62. Poly])odiuin alpinum,
Jacq. Ic. liar. iii. t. 642, {excellent). Polypodium crispum,
Gouau. Cystopteris regia, Pr. Cystea regia, Sm. Eiuj. Fl.
iv. /). .302, [excl. the alpine .statio)}). Cyathea regia, Sni. Fl.
Brit. p. 1140. Polypodiiun regium, Z<ww. Aspidium, »S'm'.
JVilld. Sp. PL V.;?. 281.

Hab. Alps, chiefly in the South of Europe. England ; on a wall (since
destroyed) at Low Layton, Essex, T. F. Forster, Esq. — An elegant bright
green species, very difl'ercnt from the preceding, although nearest to some
small states of vac. a, and diflicult to be defined in words.

3. C. Tast?ianica, Hook. ; small delicate, stipes short and
rachis capillary, fronds oblong pinnated, pinnae laroadly ovate
inciso-lobate upper ones decurrent lower ones ])etiolate and
pinnalifid the segments ovate obtuse entire or slightly tooth-
ed, sori few very minute, involucre ovate acuminate, rachis
winged above.

Hab. Van Diemen's Land, R. Gunn, Esq. — I was at one time disposed
to refer this to one of the states of the var. dentata of Cfraijilis, but the
fact of Mr. J. Smith having received from the same country, though from
a different source, an exactly similar plant, together with the delicate habit,
large (comparatively) and broad, little divided pinnae, and minute fructifi-
cations, induce meto keep it distinct. Caudex slightly creeping. Whole
plant, including the stipes, 4 — 5 inches high.

4. C. hnlhifera, Bernh. ; frond broad-lanceolate or ovato-
lanceolate and elongated bipinnate, primary pinna; horizon-
tal oblong-lanceolate from a broad base acuminated, pinnules
oblong obtuse spreading pinnatifid toothed or pinnalifid, the
segments entire or of the base of the lowermost j)inn;c almost
again pinnatifid, rachis not winged, that of the pinna' often
bulbiferous beneath, involucre subglobose. — Aspidium bulbi-
ferura, Sw. Syn. Fil. p. 29. ^c//A7/. FiL p. 55, /. 57, [e.vcel-
lent). Willd. Sp. PL v. p. 275. Polypodium, L. Nephro-
dium, Mich. Am. ii. p. 268.

Hab. N. America, chiefly in the middle United States and Canada. — I
have not seen this from a locality further south than Kentucky, except in
one instance, from Virginia {Mr. Greene), nor further north than about

200 CYSTOPTERIS.

Quebec and Montreal. It is a most distinct species, with rather a stout,
glossy, pale-coloured stipes and rachis, a remarkably elongated frond (some-
times 2 feet or more long), the pinnae short, spreading horizontally, fre-
quently opposite, and the pinnules again spreading at right angles, or nearly
so, with their rachis, and that rachis often producing large, dark green,
fleshy bulbs beneath, especially near the axil, which are well represented
in Schkuhr.

5. C. montana, Link ; fronds triangular short on a long
stipes tripiunate, pinna3 and pinnules spreading ultimate pin-
nules narrow oblong inciso-dentate or pinnatifid, the seg-
ments toothed at the apex, rachis not toothed, involucre sub-
rotund very obtuse. — Aspidium, Sw. Willd. Sp. PL v. p. 286.
Scltkh. Fil. p. 61, t. 63, [excellent). Polypodium, Haenke.
P. myrrhidifolium, VilL Delph. iii. p. 851, t. 53.

Hab. Alps of the middle and south of Europe, but more frequent in the
north, in Lapland, and in Norway very abundant. Only a single station
has been discovered of it in Britain ; on Ben Lawers, one of the Breadalbane
mountains in Scotland, Mr. Wilson. Kocky mountains in N. America,
Dmmmond. — A species well distinguished by its small triangular fronds
and long stipes. The caudex is long, creeping, filiform, scaly, the stipes
red-brown, scaly below.

6. C. crenata, Fries ; " fronds triangular tripinnate, pin-
nules oblong obtuse subduplicato-crenate hairy beneath to-
wards the apex acute confluent by the decurrent base, sori
oblong, stipes chaffy." — Fries, Novit. Ft. Siiec. p. 165. As-
pidium crenatum, Sommerf. in Vet. Ac. Handl. 1834, p. 104.

Hab. Gulbrandsdal, Sweden, Sommerfelt. — " Very rare, and a most dis-
tinct species of this genus, differing in the form of the sori nearly as Aspi-
dium Filix-fcemina does from its congeners. A soft, delicate, marcescent,
pale green Fern, 2 feet high. Stipes slender, fragile, glabrous, paleaceous,
with blackish brown distant scales. Frond more than a foot long, triangu-
lar ; primary and secondary pinuEe elongated, the outermost ones diminish-
ing in size, thence acute. Rachis of the pinnules winged. The sori upon
the lateral nerves oblong, lunate according to Sommerfelt, the indusium
opening laterally." Fries. — 1 have reason to think I possess copious speci-
mens of this Fern, with the fructification too young to determine the genus:
from the above description however I should have taken it to be an Athy-
riuin of Presl.

7. C. Douglasii, Hook. ; fronds rather small oblong-lan-
ceolate firm pinnated, lower pinnae broad ovate acute pin-
natifid, the segments broad-oblong obtuse dentato-serrate,
uppermost ones oblong rather obtuse dentato-pinnatifid de-
current and coadunate, sori rather large, involucre broad
roundish much reflected and concealed by the enlarged sorus.

Hab. Sandwich Islands, D. Douglas, n. 51, of sets distributed by the
Horticultural Society of London. — I have only seen three specimens of this
plant, without caudex : the largest of them not a span high. Stipes short,
naked. Frond firm and rather rigid, approaching to coriaceous, of a dark

CVSTOl'THKIS. 201

blackish color. The form of the pinnae ami segments approaches that of
C. bulbifera, but they are broader, uiul much less divided. The fructilica-
tion, though old, is clearly that of a Ci/stopteris.

8. C. albescens, lAuli-y "IVoiul tripinnatifid its outline lan-
ceolate, ])innule.s oblong inciso-])innatifKl crenulate with mi-
nute hairs on the su])erior surface attenuated at the base." —
Link, Fit. Horl. Jierol. p. 47.

Hab. Iceland ? (Link). — " Fronds scarcely 3 inches high, pinnae about 6
lines long, lower ones inciso-pinnatilid, upper undivided confluent; sori few
lateral." — Of this I know nothing. The learned author compares it with
Jli/vu'jwet/:itis, Mcy., but the " sori are not surrounded on all sides by the
involucre."

9. C. squamata, Decne. ; " fronds tripinuate on both sides
as well as the stipes and rachis glabrous, pinna; stipitate
ovate or ovato-oblong, })innules ovate towards the a])ex ])iu-
natisected, the segments rather obtuse, involucre small round-
ish, capsules stipitate, sori verrucose, rhizoma creejjing scaly,
scales ovate peltate brownish." — Decne. in Jacqueyn. Joy.
Bot. p. 178.

Hab. Cashmere, between Carli and Candahar, Jacr/uonnnt. — The above
character, quoted from the Voyage of Jaequemont, is all we know rela-
tive to this plant, and is quite insulHcient for its determination.

Doubtful Species, together with some that can he referred to other Genera.

C. ohtusa, Prcsl, is IVoodsia ohlusa of this work, p. 62,
(Aspidium obtusum, Willd.)

C. obovata, Pr. — The author gives this as the Aspleniiim
obovaium of Viviani, and as such it is figured in Hook, et
Grev. Ic. Fil., with the true fructification of an Aspleniunt.

C. alovmria, Pr. (Asi)idium, Muhl. et Willd.) — I have
quoted this doubtfully under C. fracjilis, B. dentata ; but I
must acknowledge that 1 have never seen any authentic ]ilant
under that name, and can only judge from the locality and the
description. I think Willdenow would have included it un-
der his Aspidium lenue, had he been acquainted with that
species at the time he received the specimens and name from
Muhlenberg.

C. emarf/inata, Pr. Tent. Pterid. p. 93 ; name only.

C. IcptophijUa, Pr. (Lonchitis tcnuifolia, Bei/ricli''s Herb.)
As Beyrich's plants were, 1 believe, chiefly from N. America,
this will probably ]>rovc one of the many varieties of C.fra-
gilis. Name only given.

C. atrovirescens, W\ (C'ystopteris sp. Hart. Bot. Berol.)
Name only.

p

•202 LINUS.EA.

C. testi/i/, Pr. (Diclisoniie sp. Herb. Bras. Retj. BeroL ti.
118.) — This, judging from an authentic specimen received
from Dr. Klolzsch, is the JVoodsia iiicisa of Gill, and Hooh.
et Grev. Ic. Fil. t. 191. (See p. 63 of the present volume).

C. odorata, Pr. (Aspidium odoratum, Bory), from Mauri-
tius. My specimen so named from Sieber, and which quite
agrees with the description, is doubtless a Lasilrcca.

C. r Brasiliana, Pr. (Aspid. Brasilianum, Br.) — Name
only.

C. gigantea, Pr. (Aspidium foliosum, Wall.) is Diacalpe
aspidioides, Bl., and of this work, p. 59.

C. comosa, Pr. (Polypodium foliosum. Wall.), is Alsophila
comosa of this work, p. 53.

C. aspidioides, Pr. (Dicksonia aspidioides, Willd. Herb.)
— Name only. An Diacalpe ?

The Aspidium viridulum, Desv. Mag. Nat. Ber. 1811, p.
321, [Polypodium adiantifolium, Poir. Enc. v. p. 541), — the
Aspidium elaium, Bory [Aspid. Boryanum, Willd.), Aspid.
scandicinum, Willd., and Aspid. Javense, Willd., Desvaux
refers lo C'ystopteris, but I know not upon what authority.

Tribe IV. LINDS^EvE.

Sori linear, transverse, more or less elongated, interrupted or
continuous, marginal, uniting the apices of 2 or more free veins,
or of several anastomosing ones. Involucre linear, marginal,
double, often toothed, opening outwardly ; one formed by
the margin of the frond more or less scariose, the other ac-
cessory, thin, scariose, parallel with it or a little below it, in-
cluding the capsules in the sinus. — Tufted or (jenerally creep-
ing ferns, tropical, rarely extratropical fin the southern he-
misphere). Fronds varying in texture, .simple or pinnated
or variously divided; pinnte and -^mnnles, frequently dimidi-
ate. Veins dichotomously divided or pinnated or variously
anastomosing. (Hook. Gen. Fil. Tab. LXIII. A. Lindsoea.
—Tab. CII. Isoloma, J. Sm.—Th^. LXIII. B. Schizoloma,
Gaud.—TKB. CI. Synaphlebium, ./. ^w.— Tab. LXII. Dicty-
oxyphiura, Hook.)

Obs. — The present group, of which LhuUcpji is the type, in some
of its species borders too closely upon DamUia, especially where the
involucre is short or frequently interrupted. In its more characteris-
tic form, transverse, long-, linear and continuous, the distinction is easily
seized, and maybe described as formed of a double linear scariose margin,
opening outwardly, so that a transverse section represents the letter V, the

r.iNLis.KA. 203

anlerior or sujierior one licMjueiitly, liowcver, broader than the iiiltrinr,
the inner one ajipcaring in that case to be intraniarginal.

1. LiNDS.KA, Dri/.

Isoloxiia, J. iSiH. Scliizoloraa, Gaud. Sjiuiphlcbiuni, .7. Sm.

Sori marginal, double, continuous or intcrrui)lc(l. J/t-

rolucrc opening outwardly, Ibrnicd of 2 linear membranes, of

which the inlerior mav be considered accessory, uniting

the apices of '2 or more veins. — Tropical or subtropical

Ferns, willi frequcnih/ a creepinif caudex. Fronds slipitaie,

simple or rariousli/ dirided. Piunic equal or dimidiate.

Veins free or siiiipli/ anasiomosiu<j (without reiulets iu the

areola;) Costa ceutral or e.vceutric, or n-autiuq. (Hook. G en.

FiL. Tab. JAIII. A. and B.,Tah. CII. and Tai?. CI.)

Subgen. I. Eulindsa^a. I'eiiis simple or forked. Lindstea (tud

Isolonia. J. Sm. — Sj). 1 — 47.

* Fronds siin}>le.

1. L. reiiiformis, Dry. ; fi-ond situ])le subcoriaceous orV)i-
culari-renilbrm with a deeji sinus. — Dry. iu Liiiu. Traus. iii.
p. 40, /. 7, /: 1. Su: Syu. FiL p. 118. " Milld. Sp. PI. v. p.
4-20. Kze.'iu Schkh. Fil. Sup pi. t. 16,/. 2.

Hab. Trencli Guiana, Ale.v. Anderson, {Dri/andcr). British Guiana,
Schombur(jk,n. .'y'.V.i. — Caudex short, creeping. Hoots fibrous, wiiy. Sli-
pites a span high, somewhat tufted, ebony bhick. Fronds 2 — 3 inches in
diameter : vc ins radiating, dichotomous ; in one of my specimens 2 branches
of the veins sometimes converge, tlius anastomosing. Involucre continuous
round the whole margin to a little distance from the sinus.

2. L. saffittdla, Dry. ; frond simple submembranaceous
broadly ovato-sagitlalc acuminate. — Drq. iu Liun. Traus. iii.
p. 40. Sw. Syu. Fil. p. 118. Willd. Sp. PI. v. /;. 420. Hook,
et Grev. Ic. Fil. i. 87. — Adianlura &c. Aubl. Guyau, ii. p.
964, t. 366.

Hab. French (ruiana, Auhlet. Ouadaloupe, {Sprengcl) — A very rare
species and quite distinct from the preceding one. Fronds more membra-
naceous, acuminated at the point and at the two deflexed lobes. Involu-
cre everywhere continuous except at the point and the sinus, accessory one
distant from the margin.

** Fronds pinnate. — Sp. 3 — 2.5.

f Cosla cvcenlric or muniinal, or obsolete. Sori on the superior niaryin of

the vnet/ual pitma. Lindsa^a, ./. Sm. Sp. 3 — 22.

3. h.cultrata, Sw.; caudex creeping, fronds i)innatc long-
lanceolate, pinna.^ submembranaceous horizontal ovate, the
upper base truncate rather acute slightly arcuate at the up-
per margins the apex (usually) directed u])wards, shortly and
rctuscly lobed, the lobes bearing the oblong sori, stipes and
rachis generallv ])ule brown, the former occasionally black. —
Sw. St/u. Fil. 'p. Il!>. ]\'ilhl. Sp. PI. V. p. i-2-2. Sihhh. Fit.

204 LINUS.EA.

t. 114. Hook, et Grev. Ic. Fil. t. 144. Adiantuin cultvatuin,
Willd. Phyto(jr. 14, t, 10,/. 2.
&. miiwr ; smaller, piling more obtuse, upper margiu espe-
cially towards the apex curved a little downwards.
y. jyalleiis ; more flaccid, upper margin more lobed, sori
more numerous shorter and smaller. L. pallens {an Da-
vallia?), IVnll. Cat. n. 148.
^. atienuata ; tall, rather rigid, pinnie longer and almost

acuminated. L. attcnuata. Wall. Cat. n. 151.
£. luceiis; tall, pinnae very obtuse and soriferous uninter-
ruptedly to the apex, opaque (not pellucid) subcoriace-
ous glossy. L. lucida, Wall. Cat. n. 145, (not Blume).
I. Assamica; pinnae very obtuse and soriferous to the apex
(not glossy) subcoriaceous, sori scarcely ever inter-
rupted.
Hab. East Indies, apparently common, from Bengal {WalUcli) to Sylhet
and Assam, Wallick, Griffith. Java, Blume, Lobh. Ceylon, Mrs. Gen.
Wallier, Mr. Hardie. Philippine Islands, Cuming, n. 243. — /3. jMergui, n.
877, and 96, and Bontan, Griffith. Luzon, Cumiiuj, n. 65, (L. cultrata,
J. Sm.)—y. Nepal, Dr. WidUch. Sylliet, De Si/lva\ {JVall.) — S. Assam,
n. 862, and Khasiya, Griffith. Chapidong, Wa'llich. — I think I am cor-
rect in referring' tlie above to L. cultrata, of which the figure in ' Icones
Filicum ' excellenlly represents the usual form. The more remark-
able states are var. y. pallens, in some specimens of wliicli the upper
margin of the pinnae is so divided, and conse(iuently tlie sori so interiupt-
ed, that there is no wonder Dr. Wallich should be disposed to look upon it
as a Z)«frt//»rt— scarcely recognizable from D. Dori/ana ; — and vars. e. and
f. in which the sori are very continuous and extended even over the blunt
apex. In all, however, the inferior and superior involucre seem to be of
the same texture and parallel, in that respect differing from Duvallia.

4. L. adiantoides, J. Sm.; small tufted, caudex none,
fronds pinnated lanceolate, pinnte lax very thin membranace-
ous deciduous pale green half-ovate horizontal obtuse, supe-
rior base truncate lovser margin straight upper curved (con-
vex) imequally lobed the lobes rounded a little jagged, sori
transversely oblong or reniform terminating 2-4 veins, stipes
short and Vachis glossy black. (Tab. LXI. C). — J. Sm. in
Hook. Journ. of Bot. iii. /:>. 415, [name only).

Hab. South Camarines, Malay Archipelago, Cuming, n. 176. — No cau-
dex. Root and stipites tufled : the latter very short. The form of the
piuuEe a good deal resembles some states of L. cultrata, but the ebony-
black and glossy stipes, which remains after the pinnee have fallen, and the
absence of caudex, afford distinguishing marks.

5. L. ovata, J. Sm. ; small tufted from a creeping caudex,
fronds lanceolate, pinnas sessile oblong subrotund very ob-
tuse subcoriaceous rather obliquely cuueated at the base
opaque deciduous, sori rather broad and continuous extend-

LINDS.KA. 205

iiig to the broad apex, veins subHabellate, stipes elongated
and rachis ebony black glossy. (Tab. LXIV. A.) — J. Si/i.
MSS. foi/n'llc'd hi/ Mr. Smith in the Knum. Fil. Philipp.
puhlished in Hook. Journ. of Bof. v. iii.)

Hub. Luzon, Cmniiif/, n. 175. — A very distinct and rare species, caiidex
and coarse roots and stipes and rachis black. Pinnre as in L. acUantoidcs,
and as in many -'l'//"»^(, deciduous, rather tliick and somewhat coriaceous,
entire, but souicliuics witli a little auricle at the superior anji^le next the
rachis, quite sessile, very obtuse; involucre rather broad, continuous and
extendinjf to the rounded apex.

6. L. Lohhiana., Hook.; caudcx somewhat creeping, fronds
tufted pinnate linear-lanceolate much acuminate, lower pinnae
remote, the rest approximate, all of them slightly petiolatc
patent submerabranaceous subnitent obliquely (labellate or
half ovate, the superior base truncate, u})i)er margin curved
(convex) lobate soriferous, sori interru])ted linear, stipes ra-
ther short and rachis brown. (Taij. liXIl. C.)

Hab. Java, Mr. Thos. T.nhh. — A very handsome and apparently distinct
species, in many respects however accordin>r with the characters of L. liici-
da and L. (jratilh, HI., from the same country. JJut, without a fijj^ure, I
should despair of making the character of the present one intelligible, so
dilKcult is it to define in words the forms of the pinufc of these plants. It
is a very handsome species, a foot or a foot and a half long (the base and
apex only being represented on our lihite), erect, rather rigid. Stipites
(much tufted) and rachis glossy brown, pale. Fronds deep green, a little
shining. All the pinnic are lo'bed in the upper margin, and the sori are as
long as the lobes are broad.

7. L. concinna, J. Sm.; caudcx somewhat creeping, fronds
tufted pinnate linear-elongate acuminate, lower pinna; remote,
the rest close, all of them patent small submcmbranaceous
pale obliquely flabellate obtuse few-veined, sorus continuing
along the convex u])per margin which is entire except some-
times in the lower pinna), stipes rather short and rachis
brown. (Tab. LXI. 13.) — J. Sin. in Hook. Jonrn. Bof. iii, p.
415, {name only).

Hab. Luzon, Cuming, n. lOfS. — Allied to the preceding, but rather
smaller (a foot long), narrow, paler colored, not at all glos.sy ; the piuuip,
esjiecially the upper ones, closer to one another and to the rachis, (juitc
entire, except sometimes in the lower ones, and approadiing to flabelli-
form. Mr. J. Smith likens this to L. degans, Hook., in le. PI. i. t. i>8,
from Columbia, but that I fear is only an unbranched slate of Z. siricla.

8. h. samdcns, Hook.; caudcx very long stout climbing
and rooting, clothed Avith Icrruginons scales, fronds distant
lanceolate elongate (large) jiinnate subsessile dark green ra-
ther rigid, i)inn;c approximate ol)long-oval subdimidiate sub-
falcate obtuse entire tnuicatc at the superior base w hich i.s

206 LINDS.EA.

close to and parallel with the pale brown rachis, lower vein
marginal strong, sori linear continuous along the upper mar-
gin and apex. (Tab. LXIII. 13.) — L, decomposita, J. Sm.
in Hook. JoKvn. Jiol. iii, p. 415.

Hab. Luzon, Cuming, n. 405. Isle of Leyti, Cuming, n. 306. Pulo
Penang, Lady Dalhousie. — This and the follovvinf? are by far the largest of
the simply pinnated group of true Linchocai (EulindsEeae), and remarkable
for the stout scaly climbing caudex, with distantly placed, long fronds, and
dark green, closely placed pinna. In this, too, the fronds are nearly ses-
sile, the stipes and racliis pale brown, semiterete.

9. L. ohloufjifolia, Reinw. ; caudex long scandent scaly,
fronds stipitate elongate (large) lanceolate attenuated, pin-
nules oblong obtuse superior base and lower margin straight
truncate, upper margin and blunt apex crenate, involucres in-
terrupted marginal, lower nearly marginal, stipes and rachis
pale brown. (Tab. LXI. D.) — L. oblongif'ulia, Reinia. MtSS.
(according to J. Sm.J

Hab. Soutli Camarines, Malay Archipelago, Craning, n. 186. — Much
resembling the foregoing, L. scaiulem, but the stipes is longer, tlie pinrue
narrower, less falcate, ui)per ones slightly crenate or lobed, so that the in-
volucres are interrupted.

10. L. linearis, Sw. ; caudex creeping brittle, iVonds dis-
tant linear acuminate membranaceous pinnate, pinnae rather
rigid sessile flabellate (when dry revolute) the anterior mar-
gin soriferous uninterrupted, the involucres broad, sterile
pinnoB subdimidiato-ovate toothed, stipes long glossy and the
rachis pm-ple brown. — Sic. Si/n. Fil. p. 118 and 318, t. 3,/.
3. Br. Prodr. Nov. Hall. p. 156. Kze. in Schklt. Siippl. p.
30, t. 16. Adiantum lineare, Poir. Encycl. Bot. Snppl. i. p.
139. Lindsaja lunata, fF?7/r/. Sp. PI. v. p. 4:21. L. imbricata,
Desv.

Hab. New Holland and Van Diemen's Land, Broum, Sieber, n. 1 18,
Gunn, Lawrence. Swan River, West Australia, ./. Drnmmond,n. 4, 226,
and 401. New Zealand, A. Cunningham, Colenso, J. D. Hooker, Dr. Sin-
clair. — A small and very distinct species of Fern, from 2 — 3 inches to a-
foot long, rigid, firm, with small pinns. Stipes and rachis dark glossy pur-
ple. PiuuEe rather distant, subrigid, lower ones almost opposite, subrigid.

11. L. lucida, Bl. (not "SVall.) ; "fronds elongate pinnated
membranaceous glabrous (shining), pinnae subsessile dimidi-
ato-ovate rather acute, truncate at tlie superior base, the su-
perior margin subinciso-dentate or quite entire, sori linear
entire or interrupted, stipes and rachis tetragonous glabrous.'"
BL En. Fil. Jar. p. SIT.

Hah. Trunks of trees in mountainous woods, Java, Blume. — "Differs
from L. cullrala in the shorter rather acute pinnte, shining above, and in

LFNDS.EA, 207

llie tctragonoiis stipes and racliis. llcscniMing also L. flttbelliilttta, Dry.,
IVom wliich it appears to (liHor in tlie lower pinna; bein}? incised above on-
ly, not j)innati(id on both sides." — But assuredly ibe L. JlahcUalata <tf
Dryander has no specilic resemblance to L. cultrala.

12. L. gracilis, Bl.; " fnnuls pinnate nicmbmnaccous gla-
brous (shining above) pinnte siibsessilc cliniidiato-ovate ob-
tuse the su])criov base liuncalo, tlic superior margin inciso-
dentatc, sori linear interrupted, stipes and rachis tetragonous
glabrous." Bl. En. Fit. Jar. p. -217.

ITab. Mountain places, province of Bantam, Java, lilume. — " Differs
from the preceding (/.. lucidfi, Bl.) in ihc slender stature and more obtuse
pinnae.''

13. L. pecti/tala, Bl. ; " fronds pinnate elongate membra-
naceous glubrous, pinnie subsessile dimidiato- oblong obtuse,
the superior base truncate, the superior margin repando-den-
ticidate, sori linear subcontinuous, stipes very short and ra-
chis tetragonous glabrous." BL En. Fil. Jav.p. 217.

Var. B. " jnnme narrower, sori sidirotund separated." Bl.
I. c.

Hab. Rocks and trees in the interior of Java. — B. On trees near Buit-
enzorg, Java, Blumc. — " Differs from the preceding {L. liicida, L. gracilitt,
L. jwclinata, Bl., he), in the elongated frond, the very short stipes, and in
the inner involucre being exceedingly narrow."

14. L. Banianiensis,!^].; " fronds pinnate membranaceous
glabrous very shortly stipitate, pinnre subsessile dimidiato-
oblong obtuse at the upper margin slightly incised, segments
linear obtuse entire or emarginate." Bl. En. Fil.Jav. p. 218.

Hab. Mountain woods, province of Bantam, Java, adhering to trunks of
trees, Blumc. — "Distinguished from the preceding [L. j}ectinata)hy \\\e
more tender frond and the pinna at the upper edge slightly incised."

15. L. /ii/inenopJif/lloides, Bl. ; "fronds pinnate membrana-
ceous glabrous sliortly stipitate, pinna) subsessile dimidiato-
oblong obtuse deeply incised at the upper edge, segments
linear obtuse bifid or twice bifid, sori subrotimd." BL En.
Fil. Jar. p. 218.

Hab. On trees, interior of Java, Blume.

16. L. pnrvifolin, Pr. ; " fronds linear pinnate, pinnie al-
ternate sessile rhomboid dimidiate erenulate above rounded
at the apex refuse at the base, stipes and rachis scmiterete
margined." Pr. Tent. Plerid. p. 131. L. micro])hylla, Vrcsl,
Retiq. Hicnk. i. p. 59, /. 10,./". 2, (not Sw.J

Hab. Mexico, (Prp-sT) — " <^a"tlex subrotund, minute, hairy. Stipes
half an inch. Frond (i— 7 inches. Pinna> 2 lines long, rather narrower
than lonsr, sessile, alternate, rhomboid-dimidiate, veiv irlabvous. Veins fl.a-

208 LINDS.EA.

bellatc. Sori wanting.'' — T!ie figure lias to me quite the appearance of
small unLranchcd states of L. stricta, Dry., also an inhabitant of Mexico,
and is indeed the very next species which is described in the work above
quoted. Kunze, however, is of a different opinion, and mentions its affini-
ty with L. linearis, Sw., of Mew Holland, when describing that species.

17. L. Leprieurii, Hook. ; caitdex filifonu creeping, fronds
oblong incnibranaceous pinnate, piinioe half-ovate acuminate
dellexo-falcatc truncate at the superior base which is paral-
lel to the obscurely winged rachis, lower vein parallel to, but
a little distant from, the margin, terminal pinna) with 3 acu-
minated lobes, sorus narrow continuous distant from the mar-
gin, stipes and rachis tetragonal dark glossy brown. (Tab.
LXII. D.)

Hab. French Guiana, in mountainous places, M. Leprieur (Herb. Ro-
thery). — Plant small, scarcely a span high. Stipes dark brown, almost black
and glossv. Pinnules an inch or more long, decurvo-falcate, especially the
lower one. Lower valve of the involucre much narrower than the upper
which is quite foliaceous, not diftering in texture from the rest of the pinna.
Terminal pinna formed of 3 combined pinnae, with a main nerve running-
through the centre.

18. 1a. falclformis, \ioo\s..; small tufted, caudex creeping
clothed with chaffy hairs, stipes very short brown and as well
as the rachis somewhat 4-angled, fronds lanceolate pinnate,
pinna? half oval-oblong obtuse falcate deflexed especially at
the very obtuse apex, involucre continuous marginal, lower
vein parallel to, but distant from, the margin. (Tab. LXIV.
B.)

Hab. British Guiana, Schombimik. — Stipites tufted, very short. Fronds
somewhat rigid, small, with rather numerous and rather close-placed pinnce.

19. L. crenata, Kb; caudex creeping clothed with fulvous
hairs, fronds erect strict rigid oblong-lanceolate pinnate,
pinna) approximate horizontal subcoriaceous opaque (not
shining) dimidiato-oblong (almost 4- sided) very obtuse sub-
falcate the upper margin and apex crenato-serrate with a nar-
row raised border or margin, the lower edge costate, sori
" continuous within the superior margin," stipes dark brown
glossy tetragonal. — K/otzsc/i, in LiniKca, 1844. p. 546.

Hab. British Guiana, Sclmmhirgk. — It is to be regretted that this cu-
rious plant is not known to nie in fructification. The stipes is short, and
as well as the erect and straight rachis, dark brown, glossy, as if varnislied.
Frond scarcely a span high, oblong-lanceolate. I'innBe closely placed, ri-
gid, subcoriaceous, approximate, somewhat imbricating, horizontal ; the
lower edge constituting the costa or midrib, of the substance of the ra-
chis (more distinct than in any other of the EuJindscECE). The upper mar-
gin, and the very blunt apex especially, are crenato-serrate and edged by a
narrow elevated border of a Hrm cartilaginous character. I have only seen
it in Mr. Smith's collection, but without sori.

LINDS.EA. 209

•20. L. pumila, Kl. ; small tnrted, caudex somewhat creep-
ing, IVonds lanceolate pinnate submembranaceoiis, ])innae
erecto-patent rather distant obliquely cuncatc with obtuse
angles and few veins, sorus marginal continuous but not oc-
cupying the entire breadth of the pinnic, stipes brown and
as well as the straw-coloured rachis tetragonal. — Klotzschy
ill Linncea, 184-1, p. 545.

Hal). British Guiana, R. Schomhurgk. — A small, pale green, delicate
species, scarcely more ;haii four inches high, including the stipes. It seems
to be a distinct species, hearing perfect I'ructificatiou, but it is, perhaps,
most nearly allied to the unbranched state of L. stricta, though of a far more
delicate texture and with differently shaped pinnjE, for all arc obliquely
cuneate.

21. L. dub/'a, Spr. ; caudex creeping slendei, stipes rather
long dark brown at the base, fronds ovate-oblong pinnate,
pinna? patent linear-lanceolate acuminate, slightly falcato-in-
curved, obliquely cuneated at the base, lobato-serrate on both
margins towards the rather obtuse a]icx, main vein or costa
excentric but distant from the inferior margin, becoming cen-
tral towards the apex, and there only, throwing out veins on
both sides, sorus marginal on the upper edge and continuous,
except at the apex, where it is interrupted on the lobes or
teeth, appearing occasionally on both margins. (Tab.
LXIV. C.) — Spreng. Syst. Veget. iv. p. 79. L. tenera, Kaulf.
En. Fil.p. 219.

Hab. French Guiana, Richard ; British Guiana, Schomburf/fc. — A most
distinct and well-mi«-ked species, evidently tending to unite the group or
genus Isoloma (J. Sm.) with true Lindsaa ; for the upper portion of the
principal vein is central, the rest excentiic; and the sori are produced only
on the upper margin in the latter case, on both margins, occasionally, in
the former.

22. L. acutifoUa, Desv. ; " fronds pectinato-pinnate, pinnae
on both sides pulverulento-tomentosc (tomentum deciduous)
lanceolate entire acute contracted below truncate at the base
and above auriculate, sorus continuous, rachis tonientose-" —
Desv. Mem. Soc. Linn. ii. jj. 312.

Hab. Mauritius, {Desvaux). — " Pinnae an inch and a half long." I have
seen no Lindsaa corresponding with this from the Mauritius.
W Costa central. Sori on both marf/ins of the eq\ial pimia. Isoloma,
J. Sm. Sp." 23—25.

23. L. Walkerce, Hook ; caudex tall creeping clothed
with scale-like hair, sti]5es very long and as well as the rachis
dark purple glossy, fronds broad-lanceolate pinnate, pinnae
coriaceous subopposite remote lanceolate or linear-lanceolate

•210 LINDS.EA.

equal, costa central, veins copious almost parallel with the
costa, sorus marginal continuous on both sides. (Tab.
LXIX. A.)

Hab. Ceylou, ]\Irs. Gen. Walker. — A very fine and distinct species,
with the habit of L. {Schizoloma) ensifolia. Caudex thicker than a crow's
quill, creepinfi^, clothed with ferruginous, scale-like hairs. Stipes often a foot
long, dark purple-black, glossy ; rachis the same colour. Frond, six. inches
to nearly a foot long, of from six to seven pairs (for they are nearly opposite)
of linear-lanceolate, acuminated, subcoriaceous pinnae, with a terminal
peliolated one, rather obtuse at the point ; the base cuneate ; their sides
equal ; costa central, throwing out numerous almost parallel, or but slightly
spreading, dichotomous veins. Sori on both sides and forming the margin,
continuous, narrow. The terminal pinna is sometimes lobed or angled on
one or both sides of the base.

24. L, /«;/<«(/? no.w, Wall. ; caudex tall robust, fronds ob-
long-lanceolate pinnated, pinna? subcoriaceous approximate
very numerous oblong approaching to lanceolate more or less
falcato-incurved obtuse or acute deciduous, the sides equal,
the base truncate sessile below clothed with deciduous wool,
costa central, veins spreading copious in old fronds termi-
nating on the upper side in white cretaceous dots just within
the margin, sorus on both sides and at the margin continuous,
stipes short and rachis (stout) more or less woolly. (Tab.
LXIX. B.— Wall. Cat. n. 154. Isoloma, J. Sm.

Hab. Growing on trees in Sincapore and Penang, Dr. Wallich ; New
Guinea, Mr. Hinch. — This has, probably, the longest fronds of any in
the genus. Some of my specimens are two feet long, and stout in propor-
tion, and in none do I appear to have the entire stipes. Caudex unknown
to me. Stipes and rachis pale brown, terete, furrowed on one side. Pinnse
very numerous, 2 — 3 inches long, very deciduous, as in Nephrolepis, Schott,
which the plant resembles in habit and in the presence of the cretaceous
white dots. It is difficult to obtain perfect specimens.

25. L. divergensy Wall. ; caudex creeping, stipes and rachis
ebony-black glossy, fronds lanceolate pinnate, pinna3 ap-
proximate crowded horizontal lanceolate obtuse subsemihas-
tate at the base, glaucous beneath, the sides equal, costa cen-
tral, veins oblique once forked distant internal obscure, sorus
marginal and continuous on both edges and at the apex. —
Hook, and Grev. Ic. Fil. f. 226. Vittaria divergens, Herh.
Roxb.— Wall. Cat. n. 2191. Ro.vb. Crypt. PL [ed Griff.)
p. 48.

Hab. Prince of Wales' Island, il/r. W. Roxburgh. Malacca, Griffiths,
Cuming, n. .395. — The closely-placed lanceolate pinnae, glaucous beneath,
give to the frond of this very rare species of Lindscea a good deal the
habit of a branch of Gleichenia. It differs in many particulars from the
other species of this group, especially in the immersed lax and simply

LINDS.EA. 211

forked veins, which teiiuin.tte in c1ii1)1km1 apices at some little tlistaiicc
from the margin in the sterile IVoudis.

Obs. Some species of Lindsaa that have been supposed to be sim|)ly
pinnate and described as such, for example L. strlcta^ L.falcata, will be
found among the compound ones; and others, with reticulated veins, .among
the Schizoloina grouj).

*** Fronds bi-trijiinualc (in SDine slutc! onlypinnale) or decompound.

Sp. 2G— 47.

(Costa c.vccntric or marfjinal or obsolete. Sori on the superior margin of

the une(/ual pinna;. liindsaea, J. Sm., g.)

26. L. cuneata, Willd. ; " frond pinnate, pinnao lanceolate
elongated and pinnated at the apex, segments cuneiform
rounded and entire at the apex." — Willd. Sp. PI. v. p. 423.
L. heterophylla, Bori/, MSS., {not Dry.)

Hab. Woods, Bourbon, i^rny, C JFj/W.j. — This seems to be only known
to M. Bory and to \Villdenow, the latter of whom, after a meagre descrip-
tion, remarks, " In liltcris adnotavit lUustr. Bory de St. V^incent, frondem
esse valde p()lymor])ham."

27. h.Jldbellidtfla, Dry. ; caudex creeping, stipites tufted
generally elongated, fronds linear-lanceolate and pinnate or
deltoid and caudate bipinnate, pinnules appro.x.imate shortly
petiolate rather rigid Uabellate and approaching to lunate or
subrhomboid with the sides unequal the base obliquely cu-
neate, sometimes the upper ones are confluent, the superior
margin crenulate or soriferous, sori continuous or interrupted,
involucres toothed.

a. Dryandri\ pinnules lunulato-flabellate. L. flabellu-
lata. Dry. in Linn. Trans, v. iii. p. 41, t. 8,/. 2.

B. polymorpha ; junnules more frequently rhombeo-cuneate.
L. polymorpha. Wall. Cat. n. 14. Hook, et Grev. Ic.
Fil./lb.

y. yigantea; two feet high, pinnules large in proportion
rhomboid flabellate, terminal ones always confluent and
much aciuninated. (Tab. LXJII. C).
Hab. a. China, Sir G. Staunton, Hart., D. Nclso7t, and Captain Beechey.
Sumatra, C. Miller. Port Essington, iV. Coast New Holland. Java, Loib.
— ^. Singapore, Wallich.—y. Java, Lobb. Assam and Khasiya hills, Grif-
fith.—A. very variable plant, but hajjpily there are good figures to refer to
and. authentic specimens at baud to aid in its determination.

28. L. tcncra, Dry. ; caudex creeping scaly, stipites tufted,
fronds deltoid- ovate 3 — 1 ])innate, pinnules all petiolate cu-
neate or oblicjuely cuneate membranaceous variously cut and
lobed, the lobes soriferous at the apices.— /);•//. in I. inn.

212 LINDS.EA.

Trans, v. iii. p. 42, /. 10. L. inteirupta, Wall. Cat. ji. 2195.
Vittaiia inteirupta, Ro.vb. Crypt. PL Jnd. p. 49.

Hab. East India, Missionaries of the Soc. of United Brethren {Dryan-
der). Madras, Dr. Wight, Wallich, {n. 2195). Malacca, Cuming, n. 399.
Mount Ophir, and in Java, Thos. Lobb. — This certainly resembles some
states of L.flabellulata, but tbe texture is much thinner and more mem-
branaceous, the pinnules more cunealcd and much more uniform, more de-
cidedly and constantly petiolate and more lobed, so that the sori, beinp: on
comparatively narrow lobes, the fructification is much internipted ; and the
pinnules are nearly confluent. Dryander's figure is highly characteristic,
except that the specimen is a small one and the pinnules scarcely so much
lobed as usual. Our specimens are generally a foot and a half long, the
stipes about equal in length to the frond or longer.

29. L. media, Br. ; " fronds bipinnate deltoid, pinnules
obovato-rhomboid subcoriaceous, inferior ones lobed, the rest
entire, the superior edge unisorous, sorus continuous the
sterile ones serrated at the apex, stipes tetragonous." — Br.
Pordr. Fl. Nov. Hoi I. p. 156.

Hal). Tropical shores of New Holland, Brown. E. Coast of Tropical
New Holland, A. Cunningham. — A span to nearly a foothif^h. In general
aspect much resembling L. tenera, but the pinnules are less lobed and the
whole more rigid and subcoriaceous.

30. L. Jiliformis, Hook. ; small, caudex ? rachis long
slender filiform flexuose scandent semiterete grooved anteri-
orly, frond bipinnate, pinnae nearly opposite secund linear-
lanceolate, pinnules very small distant petiolate obliquely- or
dimidiato-ovate membranaceous obscurely lobed and uni-
sorous on the anterior margin, vein 2 — 3 branched, 2 superior
branches bearing the sorus. (Tab. LXIII. D.)

Hub. British Guiana, Schomburgh. — I regret that I possess but an im-
perfect specimen of this curious little fern. This is a span long, about
one-half being represented at our Tab. LXIII. D. The caudex is wanting.
The rachis, as I take it to be, is long and flexuose, glossy, the pinnae nearly
opposite, secund, as if the rachis were climbing or trailing and the
pinnae were drawn forward in one direction by the light. The fructifica-
tion never occupies more than 2 veins or branches of veins (rarely only one)
and may thus have an equal claim to be considered a Davallia (Subgenus
Odontoloma) ; and I have already alluded to the close affinity of that group
with LindscBa.

31. L. Catharince, Hook.; frond ovato-deltoid acuminate
3 — 4 pinnate very thin and membranaceous bright green,
pinna) cuncate and bi-tripartite or (in circumscription) half
ovate with the superior base trimcate and 3 or 4 times deeply
divided into cinieate spreading segments undivided or 2-lobed
the apex serrated unisorous, involucres reniform transversely

UNDS/EA. 213

elongated at sonic distance from tlie margin, stii)eb brown,
rachis straw-colour. (Tab. lAV. B.)

Ilab. St. Cuthariiie's, Brazil, Captain Beechey. — Stipes and frond eacli
6 — 8 inches long. This again is a very Davalloid-looking plant, of the
"cuneate" section or Subgenns of that family, and in many respects allied
\o DavuUia bifida. Here, however, the ultimate lobes are never single-
veined, but tliey bear 2 — 4 veins, and the sorus is lengthened out trans-
versely in proportion.

32. L. Gardneri, Hook ; frond subdeltoid acuminate mem-
branaceous dark green rather rigid 3—4 pinnate, pinnae half-
ovate with the su])erior base truncate or smaller and oblicjuely
cuneate cut about half-way down into broadly cuneate
toothed segments which are approximate entire or 2-lobed
the apices uni- or bisorous, sori reniform terminating 2 or 4
veins. (Tab. LXV. C.)

Hab. Organ INIountains, Brazil ; on a dry shady bank, Mr. Gardner,
n. 156. — Nearly allied to the preceding, but darker-coloured in every
part, more rigid, the pinnules much less deeply divided and the divisions
more approximate (having much nanower sinuses).

33. L. elongaia. Lab. ; caudex creeping, stipes terete fur-
rowed on one side hispid at the base, frond deltoid-ovate
bi-tripinnate, pinnae ovate or lanceolate acuminate ultimate
ones pinuatifid, pinnules and segments obovate obtuse fertile
ones truncated, all of them coriaceous many-veined somewhat
toothed, sori terminating the lobes but opening downwards
(on the underside). — Lahill. Serf. Austr. Caledon. p. 6, t. 9,

Hab. New Caledonia, Labillardiere. — The author just mentioned has
well figured and described this plant ; and no other botanist seems to have
gathered it, so that it is probably peculiar to New Caledonia : but it is
again one of those ferns which has as strong a claim to be placed in the
Genus Davallia as in Lindsaa. In habit and texture it is allied to Daval-
lia return (p. 188, t. 52, A.), but is much smaller, much less divided, more
coriaceous, more closely-veined, and the lobes and ultimate pinnules are
less truncate and cuneate, especially the barren ones ; so that if placed in
Davallia it could not well be referred to the cuneate section along with
that species. I am indebted to P. B. Webb, Esq., for an original speci-
men of Labillardiere.

34. L. pendula, Kl. ; caudex creeping clothed with com-
pact paleaceous hairs, stipes elongated, frond (rather small)
ovate bipinnate, pinna) horizontal linear obtuse terminal one
elongated, pinnules all pendulous and secund obovate ob-
licpiely cuneate subcoriaceous, sori quite marginal broad.
(Tab. LXV. A.) — Klotzsch, in Li/nuca, 1844, y^. 548.

Hab. British Guiana, Ric/i. Sc/wmbmyf,; in Herb. J. Smith. — This is a
very remarkable species, extremely unlike any other, of which 1 have seen
no specimen, save one sent by Dr. Klotzsch io Mr. J. Smith, and which is

214 LINDS^A.

here figured. The pinnules are small, uniform, invariably pendant, not
only on the nearly horizontal pinnae, but upon the erect terminal one, and
though distichous in insertion they all point to one side so as to be
secund.

35. L. quadratujularis, Rad. ; stipes 4-sided, frond bi-
pinnate, pinnae linear-lanceolate elongated attenuated rather
slender, pinnules half-ovate subtrapeziforni obtuse, superior
base truncated occasionally subauriculated, gradually smaller
towards the apices of the pinnas, superior margin straight ero-
so-dentate, sori within the margin continuous or interrupted.
—Radcli, Fil. Bras. p. 55, t. 74.

&. rather larger, sori more interrupted. L. trapeziforrais,

Lancjsd. et Fisch . Fil. p. 21, t. 24. L. pallida, ^A in

Linncea, 1844, p. 547.

Hab. Rio Janeiro, i?rtfW» (Herb, nostr.) Brazil, 3Tr. Gardner, n. 158,

1225, 2987.— ^. British Guiana, R. Schomburffk (Klotzsch), n. 1205. St.

Catharine, Brazil, Lnngsdnrff ; Allan Cunningham. Columbia, Linden.

Venezuela, Aldridf/e. Dominica, Dr. Imrarj. — A variable plant, of which

the j8. seems to be the most common form and the one nearest to L. tra-

peziformis.

36. L. Itorizontalis, Hook. ; stipes upwards 4-sided, frond
bipinnate, pinnae broad-lanceolate acuminate, pinnules ap-
proximate horizontal half-ovate narrow elongated straight
rather acute gradually smaller towards the apex of the pinnae,
superior base truncate, superior margin quite entire, sori a
little within the margin continuous. (Tab. LXII. B.)

Hab. Dry woods, Orfian Mountains, Crtn/zifr, m. 157. Pangea, Peru,
Matheics. — Resembles L. quadrangular is, but the pinnae are much broader,
the pinnules are almost exactly horizontal, larger indeed, but longer and
narrower in proportion, more acute, the superior margin quite entire, sori
always continuous.

37. L. irapeziformh. Dry. ; stipes 4-sided, frond bipinnate
(pinnate when young), pinnae broad-lanceolate rather obtuse,
pinnules membranaceous close half-ovate lunulato-falcate
(decurved) superior base truncate upper margin forming al-
most the segment of a circle quite entire, terminal pinnule
rather large subrhomboidal-triangular, sorus within the mar-
gin continuous and extending to the apex. — Dry. in Linn.
Trans, v. iii. p. 42, t. 9. Siv. Syn. Fil. p. 119. Willd. Sp.
PL V. p. 424. Hook. Gen. FiL t. 63, A.

/3, larger, pinna more falcate. L. nitidissima, Willd. Sp.
PL V. p. 423. L. decomposita, JVilld. Sp. PL v. p.
425. WalL Cat. n. 153. L. falcata (j/oiaig slate), and
Ti. Schomburgkii, Klotzsch, in Linn., 1844, p. 545. Dry.

LINDS.EA. 215

in Linn. Trans, iii. p. A\,t. 7,/. 2. Sw. Si/n. Fil. p. 1 18.
WilUl. Sp. Pi. v. p. 422. L. divaricata, Kl. in Linncea,
1844, /;. 547. L. Portoricensis and L. Biasiliensis, Desv.
[Jide Spr.)
y. mucli smaller, firmer and somewhat coriaceous. L. para-
sitica, IVall. Cat. n. 21}i(>. Vittaria parasitica, lio.vb.
Crypt. PI. p. 48.
Hub. West Indies and tropical S. America, and ^. Guiana, Host-
mann, n. 108; and Schmnbimfk, n. 347. Brazil, East Indies, and
Penang, WalHch. Mergui and Malacca, Griffilli.—y. Malacca, Cum-
ing, n. 333. Penang, Lady Dalhousic. Prince of Wales' Island, Dr.
Jiuxburi/h ; on the trunks ol trees. — Assuredly a very protean species, and
widely extended in the tropics of the Old and of the \ew World. So vari-
able are the pinnules in different specimens and even on the same plant,
that it is next to impossible to form a specific character which shall dis-
tinguish them. The figure of Dryander does not represeiit the more usual
form, though the superior pinnules not unfiequently assume that character.
The larger specimens with the more falcate pinnules are the most abun-
dant and the most widely extended both in the East and West Indies.
Where the one is found, however, the other is generally found also. Mr.
Griffiths remarks of his recent specimens, that in certain lights they ex-
hibit a metallic blue tinge ; and this is singidarly the case with a Li/cupo-
dium (Sect. Slaclajgynandrum), now cultivated in the stoves of our botanic
gardens. The Liiulscm f'alcata of Dryander is simply a young, less divided
state of L. trapczifonnif.

38, L. arcuata, Kze. ; " frond bipinnate, piuna3 (3 — 7) alter-
nate linear-oblong acuminate, pinnules dimidiato-ovate fal-
cate, lowest and ultimate ones flabelliforra, all incurved at
the obtuse apex, sori continuous on the superior margin."
Kze. Syn. PI. Crypt. Poepp. p. 8C.

Hab. Woods Pampayaco, Peru, Porppig.—'-'- Frond 7 — 12 inches, gla-
brous. Its place is near L. trapeziforiitis." Kze.

39. L. caudata, Hook. ; stipes terete and as well as the
rachis deep brown glossy, frond bipinnate, pinna? narrow
numerous (11 — 17) lanceolate the apex long attenuate cau-
date, pinnules half ovate limulato-falcale decurved membrana-
ceous close, superior base truncate upper margin forming al-
most the segment of a circle quite entire, terminal ones gra-
dually smaller on the caudex or tail-like point, sori at the
very margin and continuous to the obtuse apex,

Ilab. Adam's Peak, Ceylon, 3Irs. d'en. Ifalkcr. — I was at first disposed
to refer this to a slate of L trapeziformis, but the more numerous pinnas,
tapering to a tail-like point, blunter pinnules, exactly marginal sori, terete
and darker coloured sti])es, seem to indicate a specific distinction ; and
these characters exist in four fine specimens sent at difierent periods. I am
not disposed at all times to lay much stress on the 4-sided or terete stipes,
which difteiences are, sometimes at least, caused by the greater or less state

•21G linds.5:a.

of ripeness of the plant. The present species dries of a very dark colour;
L. trapeziformis generally of a light colour.

40. lj.stricta,'Dxy.', stipes terete grooved on one side, frond
rigid (rufescent) bi- rarely tri-pinnate (simply pinnate when
young), pinna3 linear elongated straight gradually attenuated
erect or slightly patent terminal one elongated, pinnules tra-
pezoid flabelliform or lunulato-cuneate gradually smaller up-
wards subcoriaceous a little distant, upper base truncated
lower margin often arched upper semicircular entire or (bar-
ren) serrated (or the pinnne are sometimes lunate wntli a cu-
neate base), sori continuous (sometimes short) very broad
placed at some distance within the supei-ior margin, often
bent back or downwards when dry. — Dry. in Linn. Trans, iii.
/?. 42. Schkh. Fil. t.UA. JFi'lld. Sp. PL V. p. 425. Sw.
Syn. Fil. p. 119. L. Javitensis, H. B. K., Willcl. Sp. PL v. p.
424. Raddi, FiL Bras. p. 56, t. lb,f. 1. L. gracilis, KLin
LinntBa, 1844,/?. 549. L. Raddiana, KL in Linncea, 1844,
p. 549. L. elata, Desv. L. pusilla, Splitg. En. FiL Sarin,
p. 35. — Frond simple ; L. rigescens, Willd. Sp. PL v. p. 424.
L. elegans. Hook. Ic. PL t. 98. L. microphylla, Presl, BeL
Hcenk. p. 59, t. 10,/ 2 {barren) ?*

/3. tripinnata; frond tripinnate larger more membranace-
ous, pinnules more frequently lunate. — Gardn. Bras.
ColL n. 5323.

Hal). Throughout tropical America, especially on the western side. West
Indies, Trinidad, and Columbia, Funck, Cuming, n. 1101. Santa Martha,
Piirdie. Mexico, Hanike, Otto. Isle of Gorgona, west of Panama, and
Sandwich Islands (?), Barclay. Brazil, Gardner, n. 5324. — j3. Minas
Geraes, Gardner, n. 5323. — An extremely variable plant, as is so much the
case with the individuals of this genus, in size, ramification, and in the
form of the pinnules, though the common form has a very peculiar aspect
and colour. According as the different forms of the pinnules have predo-
minated, authors have described them under different names, and in lan-
guage so different, that, without authentic specimens, no one could suppose
that the descriptions applied to the same species. The common form is
fairly represented by Raddi, 1. c. under the name of L. Javitensis, as is
Schkuhr's of a single pinna. Our figure of L. elegans 1. c. is equally charac-
teristic of the unbranched state of the plant, which is often, but not always,
so when young, for it frequently retains that character when in full fructifica-
tion. The plant is rigid, bearing a few upright, much attenuated pinnae,
and pinnules gradually becoming smaller upwards. There are states, how-
ever, \vith the pinnas larger, more membranaceous, as is the case with our
/S, and then it becomes difficult to distinguish it from L. Guianensis.

41. L. Guianensis, Dry.; caudex creeping, stipes terete
gi-ooved on one side, frond large pinnated rather flaccid

* See L. parvifnlia, snpr.i, p. 207.

LINPSKA, 217

rrequently curved or lalcate, i)inii;t' S — 7 or 13 linear-strap-
shaped very much elongated especially the teruiinal one acu-
minated falcate, pinnules apj^roximate horizontal semi-ovate
very obtuse membranaceous entire gradually smaller towards
the apex, superior base truncate, upper margin semicircular,
lower straight or slightly arched, sorus narrow a little within
the margin continuous but frequently abbreviated not occu-
pying the whole of the upper margin. (Tab. IjXH. A.) Dry.
in Linn. Trans, iii. p. 42. Sic. Si/n. Fil. p. 110. JVillcl.
Sp. PL V. />. J34. L. riifescens, Kze. in lilt. [Jide J. Sm.)
Adiantum Guianense, Aubl. Giiian. p. 963, /. 365.

$. major ; larger, I4, 2, or 3 feet, pinnules less approxi-
mate. L. Moritziana, Kl. in Lintuea, 1844, y?. 548.

Hub. Guiana, comnion, Aublcl, Schomhurgk, n. 346 ; Hoslmatm, n. 9(5. —
iS. French Guiana, IVequent, Z-e;>/t('i/r {Herb. Rotherr/). Bluelield Moun-
tains, Jamaica, Purdie. Venezuela, Aldridi/c. — This fern is much more
unifonn in its liahit than tlie preceding;:. What I have called our /3. is
larger and with more hix or distant pinnules than a. which is well repre-
sented in Aul)lct, and (a pinna) in our Tah. <>2, A. Still there seem to be
intenncdiate states between this and L. stiicla.

42. L. rigida, J. Sm. ; caudex long creejiing scaly, rough
with short distant inconspicuous jirickles, frond bipinnate
rigid (rufiscent) subfalcate, pinntc 7-9 remote linear alternate
falcate terminal one very long, pinnuks approximate coria-
ceous flabellate orrhombeo- or oblong- flabellatc, upper base
truncate, lower margin straight or slightly arched, upper one
semicircular lubed and crenatcd margined, veins very pro-
minent on both sides, sori abbreviated quite marginal on one
or two terminal lobes, involucre coriaceous. (Tab. LXIII. A.)
— J. Sm. in Hook. Jonrn. of Bat. iii./?. 415, {name only).

Hab. Malacca, Cumirtfj. n. 397. Mount Ophir, Malacca, Griffith, Mr.
Thou. Lolb. — A most distinct and veiy handsome species. Habit of some
of the commoner fonns of /.. strieta of the New World, but always
more or less falcate in the fronds and in the pinn?e, far more coriaceous
and rigid, with singularly prominent pale veins, of which those bearing the
sori seem to be connected by a transverse one as far as the sorus extends.
Involucres opening quite at the margin (never bending back or down) and
singularly rigid and coriaceous.

43. L. Lfissonii, Bory ; caudex filiform creeping scaly,
stipes tetragonal filiform, frond (small) broad lanceolate mem-
branaceous pinnate and especially below bipinnate, pinnae
oblong-lanceolate lobed (or pinnated) cuneate at the base,
ultimate ones and pinnules cuneate dccurrent, their apices
toothed, costa central in the undivided pinnae, with the sori

u

'218 LINDS.EA.

on the lobes intramargiual, terminal and continuous on the
cuneate pinnules. — Bory in Diiperrey, Voy. p. 278, /. 3, /". 2.
All. CuiDf. Fl. N. Zel. in Hook. Comp. Bot.Mag. ii. p.'^QQ.
L. discolor, Colenso.

Hab. New Zealand, Xortheni Island, Dwperrcy, All. Cunningham, Mr.
Colenso, J. D. Hooker. — The figure in Uupeirey well represents our fonn,
but the specimens are generally much more truly bipinnate, sometimes al-
most to the apex, more frequently in the lower portion of the frond. Dr.
Hooker suspects, and with some justice, that the species is only a simpler
form of the following, though intermediate states are rare.

44. L. trichomanoidefi. Dry. ; caudex filiform creeping
scaly, stipes tetragonal filiform, frond (small) broad lanceo-
late membranaceous bipinnate sub-tripinnate, pinnules cu-
neate decurrent entire or lobed toothed, sori intramarginal at
the apex of the lobes and occupying their whole breadth. —
Dry. in Linn. Trans. iJ. \\\. p. 43, tab. 11. Sw. Syn. Fil. p.
119. Schkh. Fil. p. 106, ^.114. All. Cttnn. Fl. N. Zel.
I. c. p. 366. L. viridis, Colenao. n. 299 ; and in Tasman.
Journ.u. p. 174. Adiantum cuneaium, For st. Prodr. n. 461.
[not Lindsaja cuneata, Willd.)

Hab. New Zealand (Bay of Islands, Mr. Menzies). Northern Island, All.
Cunningham, Mr. Colenso, .7. D Hooker, Dr. Sinclair. — Larger than the
preceding (sometimes nearly a foot high, including the stipes), and much
more compound, bipinnate and even tripinnate, seginents and pinnules all
wedge-shaped, confluent.

45. Ij. microphylla, Sw.; stipites short caespitose, frond elon-
gated oblong-lanceolate tripinnate, primary pinnae distant,
pinnules small broad cuneate toothed simple orbi-trifid, sori
intramarginal, involucres toothed scarcely extending to the
margins.— .S/^. Syn. Fil. p. 120. and 319. Willd. Sp. PL v.
p. 426. Br. Prodr. p. 156. Honk, et Grev. Ic. Fil. t. 194.

Hab. New Holland, about Port Jackson, abundant. Sieb. Syn. Fil. n.
117 ; Brisbane River, All. Cunningham. — A distinct and well marked
species, with all the pinnules small and cuneate tapering into a kind
of petiole : rachis flexuose.

46. L. tenuis, Kl. ; " fronds bipinnate slender decumbent,
stipes very slender chestnut-coloured shining and as well as
the rachis flexuose somewhat twisted grooved above convex
beneath, pinnae distant altei-nate and opposite linear atte-
nuated at the apex erecto-patent, pinnules minute distant ob-
liquely ovate patent shortly petiolate the anterior margin ob-
lique, superior one lobed or sinuato-crenate, lower margin
convex, sori interrupted below the superior margin."
Klotzsch, in Linncea, 1844, p. 550.

LINDS.EA. 219

II;ib. British Guiana. R. .Sc/tvmbur(/^. — \o iiinaiks on the aiiinities of
this are jfiven.

47. L. cuneifolid, Pr. " fronds ovato- triangular quadrupli-
cato-pinnate tri])innate at the apex, primary and secondary
pinnie alternate acuminate, tertiary obtuse, pinnules cuneate
truncate at the apex bi-trifid, sori linear continuous, rachis
glabrous." Presl, lleliq. Hicnk. 1, j). ()0.

Hab. Island of Luzon. {Presl.)

Dubious species, or wholbj unknown.
L. bilobata, Pr. name only.

L. truncata, Pr. name only, said to be a Vittaria of Gau-
dichaud, but I do not find such a species described.
L. pelacophylla, Pr. in Herb. Meyen.
L. secnrifolia, Pr. in Herb. Meyen.
L. brevifolia, Reinw. in Pr.

Subgen. H. Schizoloma, Gaud. J'e ins more or less anasto-

mosiny, uiih no free leinlets in the areolce. — Sp. 48 — 60.

* Fronds simple or only lobed.

48. L. cordafa, Gaud. ; caudex creeping short, slipites
tufted elongated, fronds coriaceous, sterile ones ovato-cor-
date obtuse entire, fertile linear-lanceolate or tripartite with
the segments linear-lanceolate, costa prominent beneath,
veins reticulated, sorus continuous the whole length of
each margin. (Tab. LXVI. A.) Schizoloma cordatum,
Gaud. Ami. Sc. Nat. 1824,/?. 507; in Freyc. Voy. p. 179,
/. 16.

Hal). Rawak in the Moluccas, Gaudichaud. New Guinea, Hinds. — A
highly peculiar and Acrostichuin-like fern, apparently of ver\' rare occur-
rence.

49. L. Griffithiana, Hook. ; lax and flaccid, caudex creep-
ing short, stipites shorter than the elongato-lanceolate simple
membranaceous costate frond, veins reticulated, sorus conti-
nuous round the entire margin. (Tab. LXVUI. B.)

Hab. Merpui, East Indies, Griffith. — The caudex, in the only specimen
I possess, bears 5 fronds, and all of them accord in the quite entire nature
of the frond.

** Fronds pinnate (or, when young, simple). Sp. 1!) — ;')(>.
•(• Cusla central. Sori on both marr/iiis of the nearly equal pinnce. Sp. JO-ol.

50. li. penliiplnilla. Hook. ; lax and flaccid, caudex creep-

220 I.lNUS.iiA.

ing slioit, stipites shorter than the ])innatud membranaceous
frond, pinnaj about 5-costate, lateral ones ovate-oblong ob-
tuse, terminal one elongated lanceolate, veins reticulated,
sorus continuous round almost the entire margin. (Tab.
LXVII. A.)

Hal). New Holland, Mr. Bi/noe.—'This may possibly he a state of L.
eiisifolia, but the very short side pinnules are at variance with such an
opinion.

51. L. ensifolia, Svv. ; firm and rigid, caudex very short
creeping, stipes (as vrell as the rachis) glabrous as long as, or
longer than, the pinnated frond, pinna) 5 — 13 linear-ensiform
or lanceolate erecto-patent submembranaceous sterile ones
subserrate, veins reticulated, sorus continuous round the
whole margin. — Siv. Syu. Fit. p. 118, t, 137.

a. Fronds linear-ensiform obtuse, L. ensifolia, Sw. Syii.
Fil. ;;. 1 1 8, ^. 31 7. Willd. Sp. PL v. ;?. 420. Hook, and
Grer. Ic. Fil. Uih. III. Schizoloma ensifolium, ./. Sni.
Lindsfsa lanceolata, LabllL PL Nov. HolL ii. p. 98, /.
248,/. 1.- Br. Prodi: Nov. HolL p. 156. L. membrana-
cea, Kze. in Linnaa, t\ xviii, p. 121. L. pteroides,
IVaU. Cat. n. 2193. L. sublobata, Kze. in Linn<ea, v.
xviii, ;^ 121. Schizoloma Billardieri, Gaud, iji Freyc.
Voy. Bot. p. 380, 1. 17. Pteris stricta, Lam. Pteris an-
gulata, Pr. Pt. angustata, WalL

(3. pinnules very long attenuated. L. attenuata, WalL Cat.
It. 2192.

7. pinnules broad'^lanceolate attenuate. L. longipinna,
WalL Cat. n.2l94.

Hab. Chiefly the tropical parts of the Old World. Madagascar (Kaul-
fuss). — a. Mauritius, Ceylon, Mrs. Gen. Walker, Macrae. ^lalacca, and
Khasiya, Griffith. Ma.i-ianne Ishiud, Gaudichaud. Sin<^apore, -D;-. Wallich.
Northern coasts of New Holland, Labillardiere, Brown. Port Natal, South
Africa, Gueimius,( Kze.) — 0. Mauritius and Sing^apore. — y. Tavoy, Mr.
Gomez. Ceylon, Mrs. Gen. Walker. Malacca, Cuming, n. 369. — ^A very
variable species in the length and breadth and acumination or blunt-
ness of the pinnules. Professor Kunze has published an L. membranacea,
from Port Natal ; it has longer pinnules and is more membranaceous than
the usual form of a. but is not otherwise distinct ; and his L. sublobata, in
the same work, 1. c. is Cuming's, n. 369, and no way distinct from L. ensi-
folia.

52. L. macropfiyUa, Kaulf ; " fronds pinnated petiolate
ovate-oblong entire obtuse equal, sori continuous all round
the margin." Kaulf, En. Fil. p. 218, {not Hook. Gen. Fil.

MNi>s.i<:A. 2*21

Tab. ^^S, B, irliiclt Is a new species of Adiantiun, nor Kzc.
A)i(iL Pferid. p. 37, /. 25). Scliizoloma macropliyllmn,
Pr.

Hal). Guiana (K(iulfu.is.)—1 imist acknowledtfe myself to liave cniii-
mittod a pross error in re])resentinj,^ the Iruetifieation of the ])lant li^rmed in
the 'Genera Filieuni,' Tab. LXII I. li, as a .S'(7(/ro/(*mfl, Gaud. It was sent
to me as the A. iitacr(>])hi/lla, Kaulf., by M. Morieand: liut a subsequent
inspection has proved that we were deceived. By a sinp:ular redupli-
caturc, if I may so eall it, (d' the inviduere of this phmt, it assumes,
even under a lens, at first sif^ht, quite the appearance of a Lindma. On
soakin};- a portion of a ])inna the real structure is exhibited, and the feni
proves to be a new species of Adinntum, (llewardia, ./. Sm.) It is, I
think, more than probable that the learned author of 'Analccta Pteridogra-
phia'' ha.<? been e([iuilly deceived with myself, for the plant he liffures with
tlie fructification of a l.indsaa is a Brazilian ])lant and ajijjarently derived
from the same source as mine. Kaulfuss' jilant, however, let it be ob-
served, is from French Guiana (not Brazil). It remains to be ascertained
whether Kaulfuss himself was not in a similar manner misled, and whe-
ther the fructilieation of the oriijinal species is not that of Adiantum. If
it is not so, I can only say I am totally unacquainted with the true L. ma-
crnphylla ; and I am not aware that any botjuiist since the time of Kaulfuss
has noticed it. L. macropfij/lla, according to that author, is a very striking
plant. " Caudex a foot high, frond 7 inches long, pinn;e 5 — 7," 3 inches
long, an inch or more broad.'' In evei-ything but the fructification (sup-
posing Kaulfuss to be correct on that point) our plant of the ' Genera
Filicum ' quite accords with L. macruphylla Kaulf.

53. L. Gueriniana, Gaud. MSS. ; caudex slightly creeping
scaly, stipes rather long and rachis terete, frond lanceolate pin-
nate, pinnules nearly horizontal apjiroximate subcoriaceous
o])aque ovate acute subfalcato-incurved obscurely serrate, the
superior base truncate and subauriculate, tlie sides nearly
equal, costa and reticulated veins immersed obsolete, sorus
continuous occupying both margins. — Schizoloma Guerinia-
num, Gaud, in Freijc. Voy. p. 380, t. 18.

Hal). Molucca Iskmds (Rawak), Gaudichaud. Island of Celebes,
Herb. Norris, (J. Smith). — Ten inches to a foot or more high, including
the stipes, which is about equal in length to the frond. It is a very dis-
tinct species and apparently veiT rare. Its pinnae are about 3-4ths of an
inch long, smaller upwards, and they are deciduous at a joint as in L.
(Isoloma) lanuginosa, Wall. Gaudichaud notices on the cpidennis of the
pinna; minute microscopic scales, which in the living state have a whitish
furfuraceous appearance.

54. L. Fraseri, Hook. ; caudex creeping scaly, stipites
much shorter than the elongated linear-oblong pinnated
frond, pinnaD thin membranaceous nearly opposite remote
cordato-ovate obliquely cuneate at the base obtuse obscurely
lobed serrated partially reticulated, main \ein or costa central

upper pinnae gradually smaller and subtrapezoid, sori margi-
nal interrupted. (Tab. LXX. B.)

Hub. Ni)rth coast of New Holland, Stradbroke Island, Fraser. Port
Essington, All. CunningfKnn.—Mv. J. Smith has suggested that this may
be a state of L. heterophylla, Dry.; but my specimens from Mr." Fraser
and those of Mr. Smith from Mr. Allan Cunningham are so perfect and
unifonn and so different from that species that I am unwilling to unite
them. Here the stipes (dark brown below) is shorter than the frond, the
latter being 8— 10 inches or almost a foot long, rachis straw-coloured
slender, pinna; remote, except the uppermost ones, generally opposite or
nearly so, remote, membranaceous,, pellucid, the largest of them about
three-quarters of an inch long.

f I Costa excentric marginal or obsolete. Sori on the superior margin of the
unequal pinncE. (Synaphlebium, J. Sm.), Sp. 55, 56.

55. L. intermedia, Hook, ; stipes longer than the frond
tetragonous, frond oblong pinnated, pinnae rhoniboideo-lan-
ceolate submembranaceous rather rigid reticulate, inferior half
obliquely cut out to the costa, the rest of the pinnae with the
costa or principal vein central, sorus continued round the mar-
gin except in the lower base. (Tab. LXVII. B.)

iS. minor ; Synaphlebium recurvatum, J. Sm. in Lond. Bot.
Journ. V. iii. p. 415 {natne only), excl. the syns.

Hab. Phillipine Islands, Cuming, n. 464 ; and ^. Malacca, n. 392.—
This is another instance, in my opinion, of the instability of the Genus
Synaphlebium (J. Sm.), as distinguished from Schizoloma (supposing that
itself to be a good Genus). In the present instance one-half of the pinnae
is indicative of the former Genus, the other of the latter. There is pro-
bably an error in numbering some of Mr. Cuming's specimens of this fern.
His n. 404, according to Mr. J. Smith, is a true Lindseea, which he refers
to L. clecomposita, and seems to answer to ray n. 405, which I have refer-
red to L. scandens, Hook. Mr. Cuming's n. 392 is a small var. of this
species which Mr. J. Smith refers to L. recurvata, Reinw.

56. L. recurvata, Wall. ; caudex creeping, stipites tufted
longer than the frond tetragonous, frond oblong pinnated,
pinnae oblong very obtuse recurvato-falcate subcoriaceo-mem-
branaceous reticulated, the superior base truncate, the costa
forming the lower margin, sorus continued along the upper
margin and to the very apex. (Tab. LXX. A.) L. recurvata.
Wall. Cat. n. 149 ; Reinw. MSS. {?iot Synaphlebium recur-
vatum, J. Sm.) L. nitens, Bl. En. Fil. Jav. p. 217. L. ser-
pens. Wall. Cat.n. 150.

Hab. Singapore, Dr. Wallich. Java, Reintcardt. Malacca, Penang,
(Griffith. — Nearly allied to the preceding {L. intermedia), but the ai)ex of
the pinnse is veiy obtuse, and the lower margin curved downwards
(uu)re or less) for its whole length, while that whole length is

LINDS.EA. 223

occupied by the cosUi, and no portion of the costa is distant from the mar-
pin. It is ])robably the L. nitens of Blume, a name it scarcely merits ; and
being: tliiis doubtful, I prefer the more appropriate one of VVallieh, and it
seems to l)e the same species to which lleinwardt has given the same name
adopted by Presl, who, however, refers it to Lindsaa, though it jjropcrly
belongs to his Schicoloma.

*** Fronds hipinnatc or dvcompoimd. Sp. 57 — 60.

57. L. hetcroplujUa^ Dry. ; frond lanceolate or deltoid
pinnate with pinnidcs pinnatifid or bipinnatc;, ]iinn:i;
or ])innule.s lanceolate or rhomboid — cuneato or nearly
orbicular petiolate or sessile siibcoriaceons niembranaceons
ojiaque, veins both Ibrked and reticulated, sori continuous.

a. frond lanceolate pinnate, pinna mostly rhomboid-lan-
ceolate. L. heterophylla, Drif. Linn. Trana. v. iii. p.
41, t. 8,/. 1. L. variabilis. Hook, el Am. Bot. of Beech.
Voxj. t. 5-2, {right h an d Jig are).
&. frond deltoid, lower pinnules elongated pinnatifid.
Schizoloma heterophyllum, 7. Sm. in Hook. Jonrn.
of Bot. ni. p. 4.1 i.
y. frond broad lanceolate mostly bipinnatc, pinnules
suborbicular small, terminal ones generally lanceolate
often ])inuatifid at the base. L. variabilis. Hook, el
Am. Bot. of Beech. Voi/. p. 257, f. 52, {left hand Ji(fiirc).
L. Finlaysoniana, Wall. Cat. n. 2197.
Hab. a. iMiilacia, Robertson, ( Dryander). — .3. Luzon, Cuming, n. 275.
— y. Singapore, U'allich. Isle of Loo Choo, Decchey. — Appropriate as
Diyander's name is for the original species, it becomes still more so now
that other states of it are detected. Mr. Drj'ander's plant is the more
simple fonn, merely pinnated ; the plant figured as L. variabilis in the
Botany of Beechey's V^oyage above quoted, left hand figure, is an inter-
mediate state, and the L. Finlaysoniana of VVallieh is the most compound
of all. The pinnae ori)innules vary from orbicular (small and ecostate) to
lanceolate (lari;e in proportion) with a central costa, and the veining is as
variable as the pinnules, sonietinies forked and not uniting, sometimes
anastomosing.

58. L. propinqua. Hook. ; sti))es tetragonous about as long
as the frond, frond bipinnate ovato-acuminate in circumscrip-
tion, pinna? 5 — 7 oblong-lanceolate terminal one elongated,
pinnae thin membranaceous reticulated oblong subtrapezoid,
the apex rounded the base obliquely cimeate tapering into a
short petiole, the lower margin formed by the costa, upper
margin crenato-lobate, sori interrupted. (Tab. LX\'I. B.)
Hook, in Nightingale's Oceanic Sketches, App. p. 130.

Hab, Navigator Islands, Sir T. Nightingale. — A very distinct species

■2'24 DICTYOXVPHirM.

iVom uny previously described, with singularly thin, membranaceous pin-
nules, tlie sterile ones much more deeply lobed than the iertile ones.

59. L. ohlusa, J. Sm. ; caudex creeping, sti}Des tetragonal
twice or thrice longer than the frond, frond pinnate broadly
ovate or siibdelloid, pinnae 4 — 5 oblong-lanceolate subcori-
aceo-mcnibranaccous firm reticulated, pinnules oblong some-
what 4-angled rarely subrecurvo-falcate apex very obtuse, su-
perior base truncate, the lower margin formed by the costa,
superior margin slightly lobed, sori broad interrupted. — Syna-
phlebium obtusum, ./. Sm. in Hook. Journ. Bat, p. 415,
{name on It/).

Hal). Malacca, Cuming, n. 394. — Allied to the preceding, but different
in the much smaller size, firmer texture, dissimilar shape of the pinnules,
which, however, form almost an exact parallelogram in most instances
with 4 somewhat acute angles, copious and broad sori, interrupted indeed
but placed close together in consequence of the proximity of the lobes.

60. L. davalloidesy Bl. ; caudex creeping, stipes and rachis
long tetragonous glabrous, stipites tufted, frond subdeltoid-
ovate bipinnate, pinnae erecto-patent lanceolate acuminate,
pinnides dimidiato-oblique membranaceous. reticulated (reti-
culations few) the apex obtuse, superior base truncate, costa
at the inferior margin, superior margin rather deeply but ir-
regularly lobed, sori interrupted linear confined to the apices
of the lobes. (Tab. LXVIII. A.)—BL En. Fil. Jav. p. 218.
Kze. in Schkh. Fil. Siippl. p. 12, /. 7, {sori not accnrafe). L.
lobata. Wall. Cat. n. 152. Davallia Kunziana, Hook, supra^
p. 177.

Hab. Singapore, Wallich, 18-22, T. Lobb. Java, Blmne, T. Lobb,
(Herb. Jav. n. 216. j Malacca, Grijfith.— 'MisleA. by Kunze's figure of the
fructification of this plant, I was induced to refer it to Davallia, at page
177 of this work: but now that I find it is the L. lobata of Wallich, and that
I have recently received fine specimens from Java, gathered by Mr. Thos.
Lobb, I am happy to be able to restore it to its proper genus, Lindsma,
sect. Schizoloma {Gaud.), or vSynaphlebium (/. Sm.) It is a well-marked
and very handsome species, of a light green colour.

2. DiCTYoxYPniUM, Hook.

Sorus marginal, linear, continuous, double. Involucre open-
ing outwardly, formed of 2 linear membranes, of which the
inferior one may be considered accessory, uniting many
veins. — Tropical Fern. Rhizoma simple, thick. Fronds
ccBspitose, simple, elongated, ensiform, coriaceo-membra-
naceous {fertile ones narrower), attenuated at the base
into a short stipes, costate. Costa central strong^ promi-

DICTYOXYl'IIIUM. 226

vent on both sides. Veins internal, transverse, subapproxi-
mate,Jle.v nose, very mucli branched. \'eiiilets anastomosing
copionsli/ into unequal somewliat C-sided areules ; the areoles
bearing forked veins, ivhose ultimate branchlets are free, and
clavate at the apex.

1. D. Panamense, Hook. Gen. Fil. Tab. C2.

Hab. Isthmus of Panama, coast of the Pacific, Cuming, n. 1 124. New
Grenada, Purd'tv. — A veiy rare and siufrular fern, with the lial)it of Vit-
taria, l)ut hroadcr llian any known species and more rij^id, friictilication of
a lAndstai, and with the venation of Amphihlcstra amon^j the Adiantum
frroup, or (ii/munptcris amoii}^ the Acrostichum group. Tlie fronds are 2
to 3 feel long and more, the sterile ones much broader than the fertile,
but the sterile sometimes become fertile towards the apex.

END OF VOL. I.

INDEX TO THE PLATES.

Al.SOPHILA

aspeia, Br., tab. l!»
austnilis, Br., tab. l!>
caudata, ./. .Vw., tab. 20
comosa, Wall., t;ib. 20
contaminans, Wall., lab.

18
excelsa, J?r., tab. 18

ClBOTIUM

Assamicuni, Hook., tab. 2})
glaucum, H. ^ Am., tab.

29
Meuziesii, Hook., tab. 2!)
Schieclei, Schl., tab. 30

CVATIIEA

Bnvkei, Hook., tab. 17
canaliculata, Willd., tab.

11
canaliculata, y. Hoolc,

tab. 13
cuspidata, Kze., tab. 12
divergens, Kze., tab. 1 1
Dregei, Kze., tab. 10
Dregei, 0. Hook., iah. 17
excelsa, Sw., tab. 12.
Gardncri, //ooX., tab. 10
Imrayana, Hook., tab. 0
Sena, m/W., tab. 9
spiiiulosa, Wall., tab. 12

Davallia

achillajifolia, Wall., lab.

56
aculeata, Sw., tab. ol
affinis, //o«/-., tab. 52
Araboynensis, Hook., t;ib.

66
Blumeana, Hook., tab. 54
bullata, »r«//., tab. 50
calvesccns, Wall., tab. 18

Davallia

Canaricnsis, L., tab. 56
fhffivopbylla, Wall., tab.

51
ciliata. Hook., tab. 60
Ciiiningii, Hook., tal). 15
decurrens. Hook., tab. 44
data, -S'm'., tal). 55
elegans, ^'/r.

a. bideiitata, Hook., lab.
43

elegans, .S'«-.

b. coniifolia, Hook., tab.
43

Fcejeensis, Hook., tab. 55
Goudotiana, Kze., tab. 49
Griffilhiana, Hook., tab. 49
Hookeriana, Wall., tab. 47
Imrayana, Hook., tab. 49
inaequalis, /Tre., var. y.

tab. 58
Khasiyana, Hook., tab. 47
Khasiyana, Hook., var. ^.

tab. 57.
Lindeni, Hook., tab. 56
Lindleyi, Ilook., tab. 58
lonchilulca, Wall., tab. 46
Luzonioa, Honk., tab. 60
Mauritiana, f/orti.,tab.55
niembranulosa, Wall., tab.

53
nilidula, Kze., tab. 44
Novae Zcalandia",Co/. tab.

51
Parkeri, Hook., lab. 5.3
parallela. Wall., tab. 42
pedata, Sw., tab. 45
pinnata, Cat'-, tab. 60
polyantlia, Hook., tab. 5f»
pulcbella, Honk., Ub. 53
pyxidata, Crtw., tab, 55
retnsa, Car., tab. 52

228

INDEX TO THE PLATES.

Davallia

Schimpeii, Hook., lab. 50
Schlechteudalii, Pr., tab.

54
solida, Sw., tab. 42
tripbylla, Hook., tab. 46
vestita, BL, tab. 41
villosa, Wall., tab. 48
Vogelii, Hook., tab. 59

Deparia

Mathewsii, Hook., lab. 30

DiCKSONIA

adiantoides, //. B. K., tab.

26
anthriscifolia, Kaulf., tab.

27
apiifolia, .Sit;., tab. 26
appendiculata, Wall., tab.

27
arborescens, DHerit., tab.

22
Berteroana, Hook., tab. 23
coniifolia, Hook., tab. 24
cuneata, Hook., tab. 28
deltoidea, /foo/t., tab, 28
dubia, Gaud., tab. 24
fibrosa, Co/., tab. 23
lanata, Col, tab. 23
Lindeni, Hook., lab. 25
Martiana, Klo., lab. 24
Pavoni, //oo^., tab. 26
lubiginosa, Kaulf., tab. 27
scabra, Wall., tab. 28
Sellowiana, Hook., tab. 22
Smithii, Hook., tab. 28
sorbifolia, ^m., lab. 25

Gleichenia

acutifolia, Hook., tab. 8
Bancroftii, Hook., tab. 4
Cunningbami, //e?c'., tab. 6
cryplocarpa, Hook., tab. 6
dicarpa, Br., tab. 1
excelsa, /. Sm., tab. 4
giganlea, TfaZZ., tab. 3
glauca, Sw., tab. 3
hecistophylla, A. Cunn.,

tab. 2
Klotzschii, Hook., lab. 5
Matbewsii, Hook., lab. 7
nervosa, Kaulf., tab. 5
pedalis, Kaulf, lab. 8
revoluta, i?r., lab. 7
rupeslris, J9r., lab. 1

Gleichenia

semivestila. Lab., lab. 2
speluucBB, Br., lab. I

Hemitelia

grandifolia, Spr., tab. 14
horrida, Br., tab. 15
obtusa, Kaulf., tab. 14
petiolata. Hook., tab. 16
speciosa, Kaulf, tab. 13
Hymenophyllum

abruptum, Hook., tab. 31
BEruginosum, Carm., lab.

34
attenuatum, Hook., lab. 36
Berteroi, i/oo^i., tab. 32
bivalve, 5'w., tab. 35
Boryanuin, Willd., tab. 31
Bridgesii, Hook., tab. 35
capillaceum, Roxb., tab. 38
Chiloense, Hook., tab. 32
cruentum, Ca«., tab. 31
dichotomum, Cav., tab. 36
exsertuiii, Wall., lab. 38
fimbriatuiB, /. Syn., lab. 36
fuciforme, Sw., tab. 36
hirtelluin, »S'2f., tab. 31
interruptum, Kze, lab. 33
Jamesoni, Hook., tab. 35
lanceolatum, H. 8r Am.,

lab. 34
Lindeni, Hook., tab. 34
myriocarpum, Hook., tab.

37
obtusum, H. ^- Am., tab.

33
organense, Hook., lab. 32
pectinatum, Cav., tab. 34
protrusuni. Hook., tab. 37
pulchellum, .Sc/;/., lab. 33
pulcherriinum. Col., tab. 37
recurvum, Hook., tab. 37
reniforme, Hook., tab. 38
Smitbii, i/o<)A'.,tab. 35

Lindssa

adiantoides, ./. Sm., lab. 61
CalherinsE, Hook., tab. 65
concinna, J. Sm., tab. 61
cordata, Gawrf., tab. 66
davallioides, BL, tab. 68
dubia, Spr., tab. 64
falciformis. Hook., tab. 64
filiformis. Hook., tab. 63

INI)I-;X TO THE PLATES.

•2-29

flabclhiluta, y. //<)»/•., tab.

Frazeri, Hook., tab. 70
Gardncri, IIixA-., tab. 05
Griffitliiana, Ifoo/,:, tab. (58
Guianensis, /)>//., tab. 62
horizontalis, /look., tab. 62
intermedia, llooh-., tab. 67
lanuginosa, Wall., tab. 6!)
Leprieurii, Ifoo/,-., tab. 62
Lobbiana, Hook., tab. 62
oblongifolia, Rienw., tab.

61
ovata, ./. 5'm., tab. 64
pendula, Klo., tab. 65
pentj\phylla, Ilook., tab. 67
propinqua, Hook., tab. 66
recurvata, W^a//., tab. 70
rigida, ./. Sm., tab. 63
scandeus, llook., tab. 63
Walkers, Hook., tab. OU

Trichomanes

auceps, Hook., tab. 40
attenuatuni, IIook.,U\h. 39
caespitiisuni, Hook., tab. 40
glaucoi)lij Hum, Ilook., Uib.

40
Kunzeanum, Hook., tab.

3<J
Lambertianum, Hook., tab.

41
luceus, 5w., tab. 41
parvulum, /*on-., tab. 39
proliferura, BL, tab. 39

WOODSIA

elongaia. Hook., tab. 21
Guatemalcnsis, Hook., tab.

21
Peruviana, Hook., tab. 21

INDEX

Ahrodictyum Pr.

PAGE.

- 146

Alsophila

PAG E

Ctimingii, Pr. -

- Hf.

Brunoniana, Wall. -

52

Acrophorus, Pr.

- lol

Capensis, J. Sm.

3(5

nodosu/t, Pr.

- 157

caudata, J. Sm.

52

Acrostichum nculeatum,

Linn.

comosa, Wall.

53

192

compta, 3Iart.

42

furcatum, Linn.

- 8

contaminans, Wall. -

52

Ilvense, I^inn.

. fi3

crinita, Hook. -

54

Adiantum, Linn.

decurrens, Jfoo/c.

51

aculratum, Linn.

- 191

Dombeyi, Desi:

48

capillaceum, Plum.

- 190

elegans, Mart.

35

clavatum, Linn.

- 187

elongata, Hook.

43

cultraium, Willd.

- 204

excelsa, Br. -

49

cuneatum, Forst.

- 218

excelsa, Mart. -

35

decurrens, Jacq.

- 112

extensa, Desv.

27

frutcscens, Plum.

- 191

extensa. Hook. S: Am

. 27

Guianense, Aubl.

- 217

ferox, Presl. -

41

lineare, Poir. -

- 20(5

fulva, Mart. eSc Gal. -

20

minus. Plum. -

- 187

fumata, Klotz.

42

repens, Linn. -

- 154

Gardneri, Hook.

40

repens, Plum. -

- 191

gigantea, Wall.

53

refusum, Plum.

- 190

glabra, Bl. -

51

scandens, Plum.

- 127

ylauca, J. Sm.

52

spimdosum. Plum.

- 191

glaucescens, Wall. -

55

tenellum, Jacq.

- 108

gigantea, Wall.

53

tnfoliatum, Linn.

- 190

Grevilleana, Wall. -

55

trilobum, Linn.

- 110

Heenkei, Pr. -

55

triphi/Uum, Plum.

- 190

birsuta, Kaulf.

45

Alsophil.v, i?r. ^- Mrt>7.

- 34

hirla, Kaulf. -

45

aculeata, J. .Sm. -

49

Hookeriana, Klotz. -

39

acuminata, J. Sm.

- 38

humilis, J. Sm.

44

Arbuscula, Pr.

- 38

infesta, Kze. -

42

armata, Mart. -

- 41

IsBvis, ./. Sm. -

49

armata, Pr. -

- 40

latebrosa, Wall.

37

armigera, ^s^.

- 39

lepifera, J. Sm.

54

aspera, .Br. .-^

- 39

leucolcpis, 3Tart.

41

atrovirens, Pr.

- 4(5

lunulata, Br. -

51

austral is, 5r.

- 50

lurida, Bl.

55

blechnoides, //rtr>/<.

- 35

Manillensis, Pr.

55

brevis, 7. .S'»h.

- 49

Marianna, Gaud. -

55

INDEX.

2

TAOE.

PAI.K

AlSOI'IULA

Aspidium, Auctor. 151,

196

Marliniccusis, Spr. -

48

adianloidcn, Bl.

176

Mexicana, Matt.

47

liaromctz, Ilort. Aug. 83

Micisii, Hook.

38

Boryanum, Wall.

202

Millefolium, Drsv. -

48

Bra'zilianum, Br. -

202

monticola, Mart.

45

Capense, Sw. -

36

tnultiftora,J.fiin. -

.i2

Caucasicum, Fiscli. -

62

munita, Pr.

45

Colobodon, Kze.

198

nigra, Mart. -

45

crenattan, Sommerf.

200

nitcns, J. Sm. -

40

datum, Bury. -

202

paleolata, Mart.

44

foliosum. Wall. 59,

202

Periiiniana, Spr. 48

1,63

fra</ile. Mart. \: Gul,

, 198

phaleiata, ^fart.

42

Jaivnse, Willd.

202

pilosa, Mart. <$■ Gal.

47

nodosum, Bl. -

157

plagioptcris. Mart. -
Poeppigii, Hoo/c.

44

obtusum, Willd. ()3,

,201

43

odoratum, Bory

202

procera, Kaulf.

3H

Pontederee, Willd. -

198

piuinata, Kaulf.

47

rostratum, II. B. K.

35

pycnocarpa, Kze.

46

seandicinum, Willd.

202

radens, Kaulf.

46

Telfairianum, Wall.

56

rigidiila, Mart.

45

tcnue, Sw.

198

rostrata. Mart.

35

viridulum, Desv.

202

Schiedeana, Pr.

48

Atkijrium, Rotb.

196

Selloiviana, Pr.

41

serrata, J. Sm.

4J)

Balanlium, Kaulf. -

65

setosa, Kaulf.

46

antarcticum, Pr.

67

speciosa, Pr. - ■ -

49

arborescens. Hook. -

66

Sprengeliana, Mart.

46

aurkomutn, Kaulf. -

66

squamulata, Bl.

51

Ihiieroatnun, Kze. -

71

stipulacca, Bcyrich. -

21

Jhiitrniaiium, Pr.

71

strigusa, ./. Sm.

49

Culcita, Kaulf.

70

subaculcata, Splitz.

47

ylauccscens. Link

83

Sivartziana, Mart. -

40

Sellou'ianum, Pr.

67

Taenitis, Hook.

35

Telfairiana, Wall. -

56

Calymella, Pr.

2,3

tenera, /. Sm.

49

alpina, Pr.

3

Ptomentosa, Bl.

55

Cardiomanes, Pr.

144

tomentosa, Pr. -

44

reniforme, Pr.

144

Tumacensis, J. Sin. -

49

C'ep/ialomanes, Pr.

146

venulo.'ia, Wall.

53

atrovirai.i, Pr.

146

vestita,J. Sm.

40

Cheilanthcs anthrisc'ifolia, Bory

villosa, Kze. -

43

79

villosa, Pr. -

43

Chilodium, Vi.

147

Wallichiaua, Pr. -

55

Chnoophora, Kaulf.

34

Wiegeltii, Rocm. -

06

aculeata, Kaulf.

41

Amwmovelva, Kze.

171

(/lauca, Bl.

52

Breutelii, Kze.

171

'llumboldtii, Kaulf.

44

Amphkosmia, Gardii.

34

lurida, Bl. -

55

multijlora, Gardii. -

32

.' tomentosa, Bl.

55

riparia, Gardii.

36

CiiioTir.M, Kartlf.

82

Auiphiilcsmitim, ScluiU.

.34

Assamicuui, IlooL -

83

i' AlUCilNlOIDLS, ^/.

59

Barometz, .1. Su).

83

aspidioides, Bl.

59

Billardiiri, KauH'. -

67

231

232

ClDOTIUM

Chamissoi, Kaulf. -
Cumingii, Kze.
glaucescens, Kze. -
glaucophi/llum, Pr. -
glaucura, //. Sr Am.
glaucum, J . Sm.
Menziesii, Hook.
Plumieri, Pr. -
Schiedii, Schlecht. -

Cibotium, Pr.

Cistopteris, Pr.

gigantea, Pr. -

Cnemidaria, Pr.

Kohautiana, Pr.
munita, Pr.
speciosa, Pr. -

Cccnopteris Japonica, Willd.

Colposoria, Pr. 162,

Craspedophyllum, Pr.
Crcpidium, Pr.
Culcita, Pr. -

macrocarpa, Pr.

CCNEAT^

Cyuthea, Auct. 28

CVATHEA, (Sm.

aculeata, W^jVW.
affinis, Sw.
(ingustata, Sm.
arborea, Bory
arborea, 5'vh. -
armata, Spr. -
aspera, i^ar.
aspera, Willd.
Beyrichiana, Pr.
bisulca, Scbkh.
Borbonica, Poir.
Brunoiiis, Wi/Z.
Burkei, Hook.
canaliculata, Willd.
capensis, Sm. -
? Celebica, 5Z.
commutata, Sw.
compta, ilirtr/.
crenulata, ZiZ.
cuspidala, iiTzc.
dcalbata, Siv.
Uclgadii, Pohl.
discolor, Bory
divergens, Kze.
Drcgei, Kze.
elegans, Hew.

INDEX.

PAGE.

PACE

Cyathea

83

equestris, Kze.

19

83

excelsa, Sw. -

24

82

extensa. Hook.

51

83

extensa, Sw.

27

82

ferox, Pr.

41

83

Gardner!, HooJc.

21

84

glauca, Bo)-y

25

72

grandifolia, Pr.

30

84

grandifolia, Willd. -

16

151

Grevilleana, Mart. -

22

58

Guadelupensis, Spr.

17

59

hirsuta, Pr.

45

28

hirtula. Mart.

20

30

horrida, Sieb.

30

32

horrida, Sm., Pr.

30

29

Imrayana, Hook. -

18

.81,

integra, J. Svi.

26

182

Javanica, Bl. -

26

185

laevigata, Willd. -

16

148

longifolia, Wall.

15

147

Madagascarensis,Ka.u\f.l6

65

marattioides ? Willd.

16

70

Marianna, Gaud. -

55

185

Mascarena, Sw.

24

1,34

meduUaris, Sw.

26

14

melanocaula, Desv. -

24

18

Mertensiana, Bong.

27

27

Mexicana, Hook. -

20

198

Mexicana, Schlecht.

15

24

multiflora, Sm.,Willd

.32

17

munita P Willd. -

32

46

muricata, Sieb.

40

18

muricata, Willd.

18

40

nigrescens, Klo.

40

21

oligocaipa, Kze.

20

17

orientalis, Desv.

197

24

petiolala, J. Sm.

26

15

Phalerata, Mart. -

42

23

polypodioides, Sw. -

22

23

riparia, Willd.

36

36

Rumphii, Desv.

28

26

Schamscbiii, Mart. -

20

30

Sellowiana, Pr.

23

43

Serra, WiUd. -

17

25

sinuata, //. Sf Grcv.

15

19

speciosa, H. B. K. -

28

27

spcciosa, Pr., Willd.

28

22

.spinulosa, Wall.

25

47

Sternbergbii, Pohl. -

22

19

Tussacii, Desv.

22

23

vcniilosa, Wall.

53

17

vestita. Mart. -

20

•233

C'VATHEA

DVV\LI.IA

bullosa, H. B. K.

- 44

(ilata, Hew.

- 180

Walkcvfc, IlooL

- 24

aldtit, J. Sm. -

- 167

Woodwardioides,

lunilf.

a) pi II a, Bl.

- 155

0-)

Anibovnensis, Hook. 178

O/cbfflossum, Pr.

- MS

aiinuslata, {lall.

- 152

Ct/stea, Sm. -

- lf»(>

an</ust(ila. Wall.

- 174

Ci/stodium, J. Sui. -

- ().>

fiiH/iiiilifolia, Roxl).

- 195

sorbifolium , J. Sin.

72

arh,m'sa'ns,\Vi]h].

- 74

Cystopteius, liernh.

- 10(1

Belaiif^cri, /iari/.

- 155

albescens, Link.

- -nn

l>idm/a(a, Sclikli.

- 165

alpina, Desv. -

. 19!)

bilida, 7/. <^- (r'rn:

- 188

aspidioides, Pr.

- 202

bi flora, Knutf.

- 190

atiimariaP .Muhl.

- 1})8

bipinnata, Hook.

- 161

atoiuaria, Pr. -

- 201

bipinnalilida, Bl.

- 156

atvoviiens, Pr.

- 201

Bliimeana, Honk.

- 177

? Braziliana, Pr. '

- 202

Boryana, Pr.

- 175

bulbifera, Bernk.

- 199

Braziliensis, Hook.

- 185

canarien.iis, Pr.

- 198

bullata, Wall. -

- 169

cotnosa, Pr.

- 202

calvescens, JVall.

- 172

crenata, Fricn.

- 200

campt/loptera, Kze.

- 194

dentata, IIool:

- 198

Canariensis, Sm.

- 169

Doiifrlassii, Uoo/,:

- 200

? capillacea, Willd.

- 190

eniarffinata, Pr.

- 201

caudata, Cav. -

- 164

fragilis, liernh.

- 197

caudata, Wall.

- 163

fragilis, Kze. -

- 198

clieerophylla. Wall.

- 157

fiimarloides, Aiict.

. 198

Chinensis, Sw.

- 187

fumarioides, Kze.

- 198

ChusanaP Willd.

- 187

ffif/antea, Pr. -

- 202

ciliata, Hook. -

- 184

Jamaicensis, Desv.

- 198

clavata, Sw. -

- 187

leptophylla, Pr.

- 201

concinna, Pr. -

- 75

monlana, Lin/:.

- 200

cnncinna, Schimp.

- 193

obhisa, Pr.

- 201

concinna, Schrad.

- 193

odorata, Pr. -

- 202

coniifolia, Wall.

- 165

regia, Pr.

- 199

contigua, Sw. -

- 161

regia, Sm.

- 199

cordifolia, Reinw.

- 164

retusa, Decne.

- 198

cordi folia, Roxb.

- 195

sciuamata, Decne.

. 201

Curaingii, Honk.

- 155

Tasmanica, Hook.

- 199

? cuneifolia, Hook.

- 176

tenuis, Scbutt.

- 198

cuneiformis, Sic.

- 190

iran^/uceris, Desv.

- 198

dealbatii, A. Cunn.

- 86

vestita, Pr.

- 202

decurrens, Hook.

- 167

didipna, Hedw.

- 190

DAREOmE.E. -

- 192

digitafa, Kaulf.

- 176

Darea fuynarioides, Willd

. 189

distans, Kaulf.

- 181

Davallia, Sm.

- 151

divaricata, Bl.

- 167

achilhcifolia, Wall.

, - 195

divaricata, Scbl.

- 189

aculeata, Hedw.

- 191

Dontiiigensis, Spr.

- 72

aculeata, Sm. -

- 191

dabia, Br.

- 71

aculeata, Sw. -

- 190

dumosa, Poepp.

- 192

adiantifolia. Honk.

- 176

dumosa, Sw.

- 191

adiantoides, Sw.

- 72

elata, Sw.

- 161

affinis, Honk. -

- 158

elegans, Kze. -

- 163

alata, Bl.

- 153

elegans, Sw. -

- 164

234

Davallia

Emersoni, H. ^- Gr.
epiphi/lta, Foist,
ialciiiella, Pr. -
Fejeeiisis, Hook,
ferruc/iuea, Cav.
faccula, Br. - 73,
Jlaccida, H. & Arn. -
Jlaccida, Sw. -
fa;jell{fera, Wall. -
flexuosa, Spr. -
funiaiioides, Sw.
gibberosa, Sw.
glauca, Cav. -
(/laucescens, Hedw. -
Goudotiana, Kze. -
gracilis, Bl. . -
Griffitliiana, Honk. -
liemiptera, Bori/.
heterophylla, Sm. -
hirsuta, Sw. -
hirta, Kaulf. -
hirta, Kaulf. -
hispida, Hew.
Hookeriana, Wall. -
hiimilis, Hook.
imraersa, Wall.
Imrayana, Hook.
iriEequalis, Kze.
intramarginalis, Bl.
Jamaicensis, Hook.
Khasiyana, Hnoh. -
Kunzeaiia, Hook. 177
lepida, Pr.
ligulata. Wall.
Lindeni, Hook.
Lindleyi, Hook.
? lobata, Desv.

lobulosa. Wall.

loncliitidea, Wall. -

longifolia, Roxb.

Luzonica, Hook.

MacrcBana, H. & Arn.

Magellaiiica, Desv. -

Manilensis, Hook. -

Mauritiana, Hook. -

meifolia, H. B. K. -

membranulosa, Wall.

Moluccana, Bl.

Moluccana, Roxb. -

mucronata, Bl.

multijlora, Roxb.

Nepaulensis, Spr. -

nitidula, Kze. -

INDEX,

I'AGE.

PACK

Da\

ALLIA

161

? nodosa, Hook.

- 157

166

NovffiZelandia2,Co/. 158

159

oniata, Wall. -

- 163

166

parallela, Wall.
Parkeri, Ilook.

- 153

187

- 176

, 181

parvula, Wall.

- 160

183

patens, Sw.

- 166

73

pectinata, Meyen.

- 161

174

peclinata, Sm.

- 153

190

pedata, Sw. -

- 154

191

pellucida, Desv.

- 194

192

pentaphylla, Bl.

- 163

194

pilosa, Roxb. -

- 195

. 192

pilosula, Wall.

- 182

188

pinnata, Cav.

- 173

184

pinnatifida, Sw.

152

168

plali/phi/lhi, Don.

- 173

176

polyantlia, Hook.

- 168

152

polypodioides, Don

.- 181

194

Preslii, Hook. -

- 161

71

procera, Hedw.

- 163

181

proxima, Bl. -

- 183

1.58

pulcliella. Hook.

- 175

172

pulcbra, Don. -

- 160

185

pyramidata. Wall.

- 182

156

pyxidata, Cav.

- 169

171

remota, Kaulf.

- 186

180

repens, Desv. -

. 175

154

retusa, Cav. -

- 188

183

rhomboidea ? Wall.

- 182

173

Roxburghii, Wall.

- 182

,224

Saccoloma, Spr.

- 170

156

scabra, Don. -

• 172

158

Scbimperi, Hook.

- 193

193

Schlechtendahlii, Pr. 189

163

serrasformis, ll^ill.

- 161

194

serrata, Bl.

- 174

152

serrata, Ro.vb.

- 195

173

serrata, Willd.

- 154

195

sessili folia, Bl.

- 154

174

solida, Bl.

- 163

175

solida, H. & Arn.

- 170

194

solida, Sw.

- 163

185

splendens, Bl.

- 185

164

subimhricata, Bl.

- liA

189

tenuifolia, Poepp.

- 187

159

lenuifolia, S^v.

- 186

184

thalictroides, Pr.

- 190

178

thecigera, H. B. K.

189

167

trapeziformis, Roxl

>. 195

195

tricbomanoides, Bl.

186

181

tricboslicha, Hook.

- 183

165

? irifoliata, Sw.

- 190

235

Davallia

DiCKSONIA

triloba, JViltd.

liH)

frai/ilis, Trevir.

(>2

tripliylla, ILmk.

I()2

(/I aura, Sin.

82

venusla, Schkh.

1S7

(ilulinosa, JVa/l.

81

vestita, Bl.

].■)(>

Hookrriaiia, Klo.

7(5

villosa, Don. -

IHl

humilis, Willd.

185

villosa, Witll. .

172

integra, Sw. -

(5(5

Vogelii, Honk.

l(i8

Japonica, Sw.

7:J

uroplivlla, JVall.

1!).-)

Javanica, Bl. -

78

DAVALIAE.E, Ilonk.

-

l.-)0

Kaullussiaiia, Gam

r/.

71

Dcnnstiidia flnccida, Bor

Mb.

77

K<iiilfussiana, Gaui

d.

181

Depauia, Honk. S- Grrv.

HA

Levis, Hew.

(59

iMacraei, //. S,- G'rt

■V.

S.5

laiiata. Col. -

69

Mattliewsii, JJnn/:.

85

Lindeni, Honk.

72

prolifera, Hnoh.

84

linearis, Cav.

73

Diacalpe, Bl.

58

madagascariensis,

K^e.

aspidioides, Bl.

5!)

74

Dic/isonia, Auct.

151

marginalis, Sw.

73

Dicksonia, Kaulf, Pr.

84

Marliana, Klo.

70

DicKSOMA, L'Hcrit.

05

Mathcwsii, Honk.

85

abnipta, Bnn/.

72

millefolium, Desv.

81

adiantoides, //. B.

K

. 75

Moluccana, Bl.

78

adiantoides. Link.

7(5

Moluccaua,\VM.

72

altissima, Sni. -

75

multifida,.Sw.

81

anffustidens, Pr.

77

obtnsifolia, If'illd.

81

antaixtica, Labill.

(if)

ordinat.a, Kaulf.

75

anthriscifolia, K<in

If-

79

ort/anica, Miers.

67

appeiidiculata, Wa

11.

7!)

Patar.ia, Pr.

75

apiifnlia, Desv.

77

Pavoni, Hook.

74

ajiiifolia, Sii\ -

77

pilo.siasrxla, Badd.

76

arborescens, VJIerit.

()()

pilosiuscul (, Wall.

182

aspidinidcs, Wall.

-

202

pilosiuscula. Willd.

79

Berteroana, Hook.

(57

Plumieri, Hook.

72

bipinnata, Cav.

75

polypodioides, Siv.

73

cicutaria, Su\ -

7(>

poli/pndioides. Sw.

181

concinna, Hook.

74

prolifcra, Kaulf.

85

coniifolia. Hook.

70

pubirula, Wall.

182

cornuta, Kaulf.

70

pubcsceus, Sflikli.

79

culcita, VHerit.

70

punctiloba, Hook.

79

cuneata, Hook.

80

pi/ra)iiidata, Wall.

182

davallioides, Br.

71

repens, Bory. -

175

deltoidea. Honk.

80

rhomboidca P Wall

182

dissecta, Sieb. -

7(5

Roxburg/rii, Wall.

182

dissecta, Su: -

77

rubiginosa, Kaulf.

79

distenta, Kze.

78

scabra. Wall.

80

Domingensis, Dmi

81

scandens, Bl.

78

Dnmingensis, Spr.

72

Sellowiana, Hook.

67

dubia, Gaud. -

71

Smitbii, Hook.

80

erosa, .S*)*!.

75

sorbilolia, Sm.

72

crpama, Kaulf.

77

squarrosa, Su>.

68

fallux, Kaulf. -

71

stramiiira, Bory.

179

fibrosa, Col. -

(58

stramiuea. Lab.

71

Jlaccida, H.S: Arn

182

strigosa, Su\ -

73, 81

flaccida, Sw. -

77

lenera, yiavt -

76

236

DiCKSONIA

Gleichenia

virens, Wall. -

182

alpina, Br.

2

Zeylanica, Sw.

73

nrachnoidea, Cunn.

6

DICKSONIE^, Gaud. -

56

Bancroftii, Hook. -

5

Dicranopteris, Bernh.

2

bifurcata, Bl.

11

DlCTIOXYl'HlUM, Hook. -

224

bifurcata, J. Sm.

11

Panamense, Hook. -

225

drcinala P Sw.

3

Di(hjmoglosse(E , Pr. -

146

cryptocarpa, Hook. -

7

Didijmnglossum, Desv. 113,

146

Cunuinghami, Hew.

6

alatum, Desv. -

125

dicarpa, Br. -

3

alatum, Pr.

147

dichotoma, IVilld. -

12

brevipes, Pr. -

147

excelsa, J. Sm.

5

decipiens, Desv. .125,

147

farino.'^a, Kaulf.

9

Filicula, Desv. " -

125

ferruginea, Bl.

10

Filicula, Pr. -

147

flabellata, Br.

6

Hookeri, Pr. -

146

flagellaris, Spr.

10

humile, Pr.

147

gigantea, Kaulf.

3

Kraussii, Pr. -

147

gigantea, Wall.

5

lonffisetum, Br.

147

glauca, Sw. -

4

mmutulum. Gaud. -

147

glauca, Sw.

3

muscoides, Pr.

147

glaucescens, Humb. -

13

Neesii, Pr.

147

glaucesceiis, Willd.

11

punctatum, Pr.

146

becistophylla, A. Cunn. 4

pusillum, Desv.

117

Hermanni, Br.

12

quercifolium, Pr.

147

hirta, Bl.

11

reptans, Pr.

147

Japonica, Spr.

4

serrulatmn, Br.

147

Javanica, Spr.

10

sphcnoides, Pr.

146

Klotzschii, Hook. -

13

undulatum, Pr.

147

laevigata, Willd.

10

Disphenia, Pr.

14

lanigera, Don.

12

aculeata, Pr. -

19

longipinnata. Hook.

9

arborea, Pr.

17

longissima, Bl.

4

EUALSOPHILA, /foo^.

36

Matbewsii, Hook.

9

EUCVATHEA, //oo/i.

16

micropbylla, Br.

3

EUDAVALLIA, i/oo^'.

161

microphylla, Sieb. -

3

Eudidi/moglossum, Pr.

146

nervosa, Kaulf.

12

EUDICKS0NIE,E, jSTwO^.

84

nitida, Pr. '-

13

EUGLEICHENU., ifoo/.'. -

2

Owbyheusis, Hook. -

9

Euhyuienophyllum, Pr.

148

pedalis, Kaulf.

6

EUHNDS.EA, i/^[)0*.

203

polypodioides, Sm. -

3

EUTRICHOMANES, //oo;!'. -

115

pubescens, Willd. -

8

Eutrichomanes, Pr. -

145

revoluta, //. B. K.

7

rigida, J. Sm.

12

i^eea, Bory. - 113,

, 144

rufinervis. Mart.

11

nana, Bory.

144

rupestris, Br.

2

polypodma, Bory.

115,

semiveslita, Labill.

3

144

scmivestita, J. Sm.

4

Filicula digitata. Plum. -

8!)

simplex, Hook.

7

Fi7i.-c Hemionitis, Pluk. -

115

speluucae, Br.

2

humilis repens. Dill.

125

speluncce, Guill.

3

taxiformis minor, Plum, o

ten era, Br.

6

tenuis, Pr.

13

Gleichenia, Br.

■2

vestita, Bl.

10

acutifolia. Hook.

7

vulcanica, Bl.

1

INDEX.

237

Gleiclienia, Pr.
Gymiuisorcw, Pr.
Gymnospham, Bl.
Gi/miuis/i/i(era,J. Sm.

yit/anlrn, J. Sin.

giabra, HI. -

I" A UK

2

- 100

- 34

- T).}

- 51

Ilemiphlcbhnn, Pr. - - 147

jmsi/ltiiii, I'r. - 147

Hemitklia, yyr. - - 28

alteriiaiis, J/„(,/:. . '2!»

Capeusis, Br. - 3(>

Capensis, Mart. - 3(>

Capensis, Pr. - ;3(>

cordata, Z>est>. - - 33

cruciata, Desv. - 33

cyathoides, Desv. - 33

grandifolia, Spr. - 30

Guianeiisis, Hook, - 31

liorrida, Zfc. - - 30

Hostmanni, //rtoA-. - 31

Imrayana, Iloo/,: - 33

laciuiata, Spr. - 33

tnar(/iiialis,J. Sm. - 31

monililera, ./. ^S'm. - 33

multiflora, Br. - 32

raunita, Pr. P - 32

obtiisa, h'au/f. - 29

Parkeri, Hooh. - 32

petiolata, Hook. - 31

serra, Desv. - 17

serrata, ,/. Sm. - 32

serrata, J. Sm. - 34

speciosa, Kaulf. - 28

speciosa. Mart! - 29

siigmosa, Desv. - 33
Humala,Ciiv. - 151,102

ophioi/lossa, Cav. - 152

pectinata, J. Sni. - 153

pedata, .1. Sm. 154, 155

pinnntijicln, Cd\. - 152

trifoliata, Cav. - 154

Hymenocystis, Mcy. - (>3

Caucasica, Mey. - t>2

Hymenoglussum, Pr. - 150

cruentum, Pr. - 150

Hyvieuop/ii/l/dcca;, Pr. - 144

Hi/))i,)wp/H//lnl,lece, Pr. - 147

Ilytnaiop/ii/lhou, Pr. - 147

Hymenoi'iivlllm, .S')/(. - 8«)
abietiiium, K/.c. 107,150

abriiplum, //o"/,-. . 8S

aerugiuosiim, C'urvi. 04

alatnm, Sclikli. 125, 147

Hy.menophvlli M

alatuin, Sm. - - 125
allernatuin,7/oo/. - i»0
nntarclieutn, Pr. - 147
Arbiiscula, y>e.sT. - 95
asperulum, Kze. 95, 148
asplenioides, ,Sw. 87, 148
atrovirens, Col. - 105

alteiuiatiiin, //no/-. - 99
australe, IVi/ld. 108, 149
australe, WiUd. - 101
axillave, Sir. - 111, 150
badiuni, //. ^- GVer. 102,
1.50
badiian, Wall. - 107

Berleroi, //(.«/.•. - 93
Beyrichianuni, Kzc. 91
hiiiduin, //. <$• Grev. 01
i/iv(/ir, Sm. . })7, 147
l.ivalve, Sxc. - 98, 149

Mejiliaiodes, Pr.
liltimrunum, Spr.
Boryaiium, Wiild.

Bridgesii, Hook,
ccespitostnn, Gaud.

148
147
89,
149

97
132,
148
109

91

capillaceum, Roxb.
fupillarc, Desv.
caudiculatum. Mart. 102,
149
chiloeuse. Hook. - 90
ciliatum, iic\i[. - 149-

ciliatum, H. & Grev. 149
ciliatum, Siv. - 88, 149
clavatuvi, Kze. - 148
cldvatinn, Sw. 107, 147
crispatum, H. $• Grev. et
Wall. - - 105
crispum, H. B. K. - 107
crispiaii, Nees. \: Bl.

lOH, 148
cristaluii), //. ^Grev.

100, 149
cnientuiu, Crtr. 87, 150
Cuminyii, Pr. - 148

cupressifonne, Lab.

95, 148
daedaleum, Bl. 108, 148
decurreiis, Sw. 1 12, 148
demissiim, Sii: 10}>, 150
dcnsuiti, Wall, - 109

dciitalum. Car. - 97
dentation, Cav. ;' - JKi

•238

PACK.
HVMENOPHYLLUM

deiiticulatum, Shk - 101
dichotoraum, Cav. 98, 147
dichotoinum, Nees. 99
dilatatum, .S'm'. 104, 149
(liversifrons, Bory. - 1 14
Dregeanum, Pr. - 148
elasticum, Bory. 93, 149
elegans, Spr. - 91, 149
emarginatum, Su\ 112,

148
endivaefoliiiin, /)e.?v. 112
erosum, Bl. - - 108
exsertum, Wall. - 109
Filicul't, Bory. 125, 147
fimlu-iatum, J. Sm. 102
Jlabellatum, Br. - lOo
flabellatum, Labill. Ill,

148
flexuosum, A. Cunn. 105
floribundum, H.B. K.

Ill
Franklinianum, Col. 94
fratermim, Pr. - 148

fucifovme, Siv. - 103

fucoides, Cav. - 103

fucoides, Su\ 100, 147
fwnarioides, Bory. - 101,

148
fumarioides, Kaulf. 150
p;racile, Bory. 110, 150
Grevilleanum, Pr. - 148
Guadeloupense, Spr. 146
hirsutum, Bory. - 89
hirsutum, Pr. - - 149
hirsutum, Siv. 88, 149
hirtellum, Siv. 90, 149
humile, Nees. & Bl. 101
hygrometricum,Z)raf. 112
inibricatnm, Bl. - 108
ivibricatum, Col. - 101
inforlunatum, Bory. 109,

149
interruptum, Kze. 92, 149
Jalapense, Chara. - 107
Jalapense, Mart. & Gal.

107
Jalapense, Scbl. - 148
Jamesoni, HooJc. - 96
Javanicum, aS;;)-. 106,148
Kohaulianum, Pr. - 148
lanceolatum, H. Sr Am.
94
Lindeni, Hook. - 94

HVMENOPHYLLUM

lineare, Sw. - - 149
margiuatum, H. 4' Grcv.

87, 148
Memiesii, Pr. - 147

Meyeri, Pr. - - 147
microcarpura, Desv. 91
niillefblium, Schlecht.

148
minimum. Rich. & Le.ss.

95, 148
inullifidum, Siv. 98, 148
myridcarpum, Hook. 106
Neesii, //oo^-. - 99

nigricans, Colla. - 99
nilens, Br. - HI, 148
nudum, Desv. - 112

obtusuin, H. ^ Am. 93
Organense, Hook. - 90
palmatum, Klo. - 87
panicuUjlorum, Pr. 148
pectinatuin, Cav. 96, 148
pectivatum, Nees. & Bl.
147
peltatum, Desv. & Poir.
96
pendulum, Bory. - 149
Peruvianum, fl. ^- Grev

96,148.
plicatum, Kaulf. 98, 147
Plumieri, H. Sr Grev. 89,
149
plumosum, Kaulf. 92, 148
jjiilyanthns. Hook. 138
pol'yaiitlios, Sw. 106, 148
Poeppigianum, Pr. - 148
protrusura, HooTc. - 104
protrusum. Hook. - 112
pulcbellum, Schlecht. 91,
149
puleberrimum, Col. 103
pyraraidatuni, Desv. 93
radicans, Poepp. - 145
ramosissimura, //rt/H. Ill
varum, Br. - 101, 148
recurviim. Gaud. - 104
reuiforme, Hook. - 100
revolufum. Col. - 95
ricciiefolium, Bory. 108,
149
riccieefolium, Klo. - 107
rupestre, Radd. 125, 149
sanguinolentum, J. Sm.
105

INDKX.

239

Hymenophvlli-m

I.eurn.tlcgin

sanguinoleniunt, S\v.

107,

a (fin is, .]. Sm.

- I5S

!.-)()

fiilciueUa, J. Sm.

- 159

scahrum. Loss.

1 19

hirsula, J. Sm.

- 184

scubruin, A. lihh. -

110

immersa, Pr. -

- 1.57

Schomburykii, I'r. -

1 IS

I i(/ II la Id, J. Sm.

- 158

secundum, H. ^- Grev

. too

parvuhi, J. Sm.

- 160

148

pulilira, ,1. Sm.

- 160

semibivalve, H. & Grcv.

Linds(ca, Bl., (Sec.

- 175

101,

, 148

I.iNns,-F,A, Drif.

- 203

sericeura, Sv. - })2

, 149

acutifolia, Desv.

- 209

sei-}]('>is. Wall.

10()

adiaiitoidcs, ./. Sin

. 201

Serra, Vr.

US

arcuata, K:e. -

- 215

seselifiilitim, Vv.

MS

(iHciimfa, Wall.

- 220

Smitliii, Hook.

97

Bantamensis, Jil.

- 207

spatlmlulum, Col. -

i)8

bilobata, Pr. -

- 219

spiiiulosum, //. /i. K

. 100

Braziliensis, Desv.

- 215

Telfaiiianum, Wall.

113

brevifolia, Jieiiiw.

- 215

tcnellum, Do7i.

112

Catbarinac, Hook.

- 219

Thii)ibrr</ii, Eckl. 95,

,148

caudata. Hook.

- 215

tomciitosum, K/.e. 92,

149

coiicinna, ./. Sm.

- 205

tdi-tiiosum, Herb. JJan/cim

cordata. Gaud.

- 219

149

crenata, A7. .

- 208

tiicophyllum, //. B. K. 89

cultrata. Sir. -

- 203

Tunhndgense, Kze. -

96,

cuneata, Jf'illd.

- 211

148

cunefolia, Pr.

- 219

Tunbvidgense, Sm.

95

davallioides, Bl.

- 177

Tiinbridgeiise, Sm. -

125

davallioides, Bl.

- 224

Tunbridgcnae, S\v. -

148

decomposita, J. Sm.

- 206

iiiuiulatiiin, Sw. 105,

150

decowposiia, Willd

. 214

unilateralc, linn/

148

discolor, Col.

- 218

nidlalevate, WiUd. 9;"

),<)()

divaricata, Bl.

- 215

valvatum, H. ^- Grev

. 90,

divergeiis, Wall.

- 210

148

dubia, Sm.

- 209

venustum, Desv.

88

etata, Desv. .

- 216

villosum. Col.

107

elegans. Hook.

- 216

Wilsoni, Hook. 95,

147

elona;ata, Lab.

- 213

148

eiisifolia, Siv. -

- 220

Hymenostachifs, Bory. 114,

144

falcata, Klo. -

- 214

diversifrniis, Bory. -

M4

falciibrinis. Hook.

- 208

clegnns, Pr.

144

(iliCormis, Hook.

■ 212

osmundioides, Pr.

144

Finlaysoninna, Wall. 223

HVPODERRIDE.E, IIoolc. -

57

flabeliata, Drij.

- 211

Hypodf.rius, Br. -

57

Frazeri, Hook.

- 221

Brownii, ./. Sm.

57

Gardneri, Hook.

. 213

holoma, J. Sm. - 20.3,

209

p^racilis, Bl. -

- 207

Lecanium, Pr.

11 1

(/racilis, Klo. -

- 216

mcinhranaccum, Pr.

Ml

(irilRlbiana, ffook.

- 219

Leptoci/oiiium, Br. -

1 17

Gueriiiiana, Gaud.

221

dicriniolrichum, Pr.

147

Guiaiiensis, Dn/.

- 216

fucoidc.i, Pr. -

147

hvlerophijlla, Biiry

- 211

Leptnpleiiria, Pr.

72

helcrophylla. Dry.

- 223

abruptn, Pr. -

72

borizoiUalis, Hook.

- 214

Lencoslcgia, Pr.,J.Sm. 156,

159

b3meni)phylloidcs,.6/. 207

240

[NDEX.

LlXDS^A

LiNDS.EA

imbricata, Desv.

- 206

tenuifolia, Bl.

177

intermedia, Hook.

- 222

tenuis, Klo.

218

intcrrupta, Wall.

- 212

trapezilbnnis, Dry. -

214

Javilcnsis, H. B. K

;. 216

trapeziformis, Langs.

214

lanceolata, Br.

- 220

Irichomanoides, Dry.

218

lanuginosa, Wall.

- 210

truncata, Pr. -

219

Leprieuri, Hook.

- 208

variabilis, H. ^- Am.

223

Lessonii, liory.

- 217

viridis, Col.

218

linearis, Sir. -

- 206

Walkera^ Hook. -

209

/o6a<«. Wall. -

- 224

LIXDS^E^, Hook. -

202

Lobbiana, Hook.

- 205

Lomar'ia aciileata, Bl.

196

lomjipinnu. Wall.

- 220

piilymdrpha, Reinw.

196

luciduin, Bl. -

- 206

Lonchilis tenuifolia, Beyr.

201

lunula, Willd.

- 206

LoxoMA, Br. -

85

macroph>/lla, Kaulf

. 220

Cunningbami, Br. -

86

media, Br.

- 212

Merinyium. Pr.

147

membranavea, Kze.

- 220

Blumeanum, Pr.

147

microphylla, Pr. 206, 207

Meyenianum, Pr.

147

microph}'lla, Sw.

- 218

Mertensia, Pr.

2

Moritziana, Klo.

- 217

Mertexsia, Willd.

4

nilens, Bl.

- 222

(data, J. Sm. -

180

nitidissima, Willd.

- 214

angusta, Klo. -

7

oblongifolia, Reiniv

'. 206

bifida, Willd. -

8

obtusa, /. Sm.

- 224

Braziliana, Desv. -

12

ovata, J. Sm.

- 204

canescens, Kaulf.

12

pallida, Klo. -

- 214

Cumingiana, Pr. -

13

parvifolia, Pr.

- 207

dichotoma, Sw.

12

pectinata, Bl.

- 207

dichotoma, Willd. -

12

pectinata, Keinw.

- 177

discolor, Scbrad.

12

pelacopbylla, Pr.

- 219

elata, Desv.

13

pendula, Klo.

- 213

emarginata, Radd. -

12

pentaphylla, Hook.

219

farinosa, Kaulf.

8,9

polymorpha. Wall.

- 211

ferruginea, Desv.

8

Portoricensis, Desv.

, 215

flageUaris, Bory.

10

pteroides, AVall.

- 220

Jlexiiosa, Mart.

12

pumila, Klo. -

- 209

fulva, Desv. -

13

pusilla, Splitg.

- 216

f areata. Mart. & Gal

. 9

quadrangularis,i?arff/. 2 1 4

furcata, Sw.

8

Raddiana, Klo.

- 216

glauca, Sw.

4

recurvata, Wall.

- 222

(/laucescens, Willd. -

11

renifoiTnis, Dri/.

- 203

Hermanni, H. & Grev. 12

rigescens, Willd.

- 216

Hookeri, J. Sm.

12

rigida, J. Sm.

- 217

immersa, Kaulf.

8

rufescens, Kze.

- 217

Imvigata, Willd.

10

sagittata, Dri/.

- 203

Magellanica, Poir. -

14

scandens, Hook.

- 205

mucronata, Beinw. -

13

Schomburgkii, Klo.

214

muricala, Sieb.

10

securifolia, Pr.

- 219

pectinata, Willd.

12

serpens. Wall.

- 222

pinnata, Kze. -

4

stricta, Dry. -

- 216

pusilla. Mart. -

12

sublohata, Kze.

- 220

remota, Kaulf.

13

tenera, Dry. -

- 211

revoluta, Klo. -

13

tenera, Kaulf.

- 209

Sieberi, Pr. -

12

241

Mertensia

Patuiiia, Pr. -

65

simplex, Desv.

8

crosa, Pr.

76

toinentosa, Sw.

13

(iblusif(dia, Pr.

81

truncala, VVilld.

13

Pkuankmaci;^, /V.

58

velata, Kzr. -

H

I'naiioita, Don,

58

Melaxi/n, Pr. -

31

ci/at/ioidrs, Don.

58

Microf/oniuin, Pr.

14(i

Perk IMA, //(«)/•.

62

Bertcroanum, Pr. -

IK)

Phijllilis scandens, Sloanc

116

cuspidatum, Pr.

11(J

Phgsemalium, Kuulf.

59

Mic,otei>ia,.).iim. US,
alatfi, .1. Sm. -

!;-)!

P/i'/sonalium, K/.e. -

60

180

aspidioidcs, Kze.

59

cnstata, J. Sm.

173

fnt(/ilr, Kze.

62

Jiaccida, J. Sin.

182

incisKiii, Kze.

63

gracilis, J. Sm.

184

niidlc, Kze.

60

humilis, Pr, -

185

o/;<«.s,/m, Hook._ -

63

lonchiddea, J. Sm. -

173

Pcrrinianinn, Kze. -

63

Manilensis, Pr.

185

Pinoiiid, Gaiul.

82

microslicha, J. Sm. -

183

splendens, (Jaud.

83

pinnata, J. Sm.

174

Platyzo.ma, Z?r.

2

Plumicri, J. Sm.

72

microphvllum, /^r. -

2

polypodioidcs, Sw. -

181

POLYPODiAcE.E, yyr.

14

rhomboidca, Pr.

182

Puli/jxidiuiii, Auct.

59

Inchosticha, J. Sm. -

183

Piihiitndium, Linn. -

196

MyrmecosU/lum, JPr.

147

J',di//}<i(lii(m, J. Sm.

151

clavutum, Pr.

147

Pti/i/p(i)liu)n, Sw.

8

dichotomum, Pr.

147

uiuleatuiti, Radd.

41

tortuosiim, Pr.

147

ad ianti folium, Poir.

212

rt/ZjHf, Forst. -

27

Ncphrodium, Gaud.

151

atpiiium, Jacq.

199

Nephrodium, Midi. -

lt)(i

ulsophilum. Link.

45

Ga/H)rt)v/iV(MM»<, Gaud. 153

allcnuuis, Wall.

29

punctilidninn, Mich.

79

altissiniinn. Wall.

53

rufidutuiii, Pr.

63

arborcum, Linn.

17

/ewwe, Mich.

198

arburcwn Lour.

28

Nrpltrolt'pis, Pr.

151

ai-ituitum, Sw.

40

Neufophjlhon, Pr. -

146

.'I/roKicuwj, Sni.

64

pennatum, Pr.

146

asperum, Linn.

18

pintiutuui, Pr. -

146

atruvirens, Langsd.

46

Vitiaria, Pr. -

146

uxillare, Radd.

45

Neuropteris

blcchnindes, Sw.

35

elegans, Desv. -

171

Capense, Linn.

36

NOXOCABPIA, Pr.

15

ciiu'ieum, Cav.

47

ciDilamiiians, Wall. -

52

Odontoloma, J. .S'w. 151,

174

contiguiim,,!. Sm.

161

J5oryanujrt, J. Sm. -

175

Corcovadeiist; Radd.

35

Hookcri, J. Sm.

175

cnspum, Gouan.

199

jmlchellnm, J. Sm. -

176

iristattim, Hout.

182

tt'iiuifolium, J. Sm. -

177

dnilatiim, Dicks.

i;is

Odontosoria, Pr.

185

dirho/omiiiii, 'riuinl'.
fi>lii)su)ii , \\ all.

12

Panicularia, Coll.

64

r/i(/aitl(i()ii, \Vall.

.y.\

Bcrteri, Coll. -

65

(j/auriim, Sw. -

47

Pa r AN I a, Hno/c.

74

i/lid)itllt'rrii)iu Lam.

75

242

Polyp xliiDit

(jriseum, Schkh. - 47

horridum, Linn. - 30

Humholdtii, Poir. - 35

hi/perboreum, Sw. - 64

Ilvense, Sw. - - 6.3

laciniatum. Foist. - 33

latebwsum. Wall. - 38

liiiiulatum,Forst. - 51

Lmitanicum, Linn. 169

murcjinale, Thunb. - 73

medullare, Forst. - 27

mi/rrhidifolium, Vill. 200

nudum, Forst. - - 182

obtusum, Sw. - - 63

Parkeri, H. & Grev. 35

procerum, Willd. - 38

pruinatiim, Sw. - 47

pubescens, Sw. - 8

pimtjen^, Willd. - 38

regium, Linn. - 199

Rhceticum, Dicks - 198

rontratum, Willd. - 35

serrceforme, J . Sm. - 161

speciosum, Meyen. - 49

SpelunccB, Linn. - 182

Tanitis, Roth. - 35

umbrosum, Wall. - 53

Phosaptia, Pr. - - 160

bipinnata, Pr. - 161

contigua, Pr. - - 161

j)innatijida, Sm. - 161

Prosaplia, Pr. - 151

Pteris angtdata, Pr. - 220

angustata, Wall. - 220

stricta. Lam. - - 220

Pti/chophi/llum, Pr. - 147

plicalum, Pr. - - 147

Ragatellus, Pr. - - 146

crinitus, Pr. - - 146

Saccolotna, Kaulf. - - 151

Saccoloma, J. 6'm. - 170

adianlnides, Pr. - 176

cuncifolium, Pr. - \76

riegans, Kaiilf. - 171

hcmipteruin,Pr. - 176

pinnntum,Vi. - 174

Schizoccena, ^ . ^m. - 14

Schizn/oma, Gaud. - - 20.S

BilJnrdicri. Gaud. - 220

rnrddhim, Gaud. - 210

Schizoloma

cnsifolia, Br. ? - 220
Giierrinianum, Gaud. 221
hcterophyllum, J. Sm.223

macrophgllum, Pr. - 221

Sitolobium, Desv. - -65

cuneatum,J. Sin. - 80

Jlaccidum, J.Sm. - 81

gluliriosian, J.Sm. - 81

Sphcerocionium, Pr. - 148

abietinum, Pr. - 150

aureiim, Pr. - - 149

amirale, Pr. - - 149

axillare, Pr. - 150

badmm, Pr. - - 150

bivalve, Pr. - - 149

Bonjanum, Pr. - 149

caudiculatum, Pr. - 149

ciliatum, Pr. - - 149

comnuitatum, Pr. - 149

crispatum, Pr. - 149

cristatum, Pr. - 149

demissum, Pr. - 150

dilatatum, Pr. - 149

diversilobum, Pr. - 149

elasticum, Pr. - - 149

gracile, Pr. - - 150

Grcvilleanum, Pr. - 149

Idrsutum, Pr. - 149

Inrtcllum, Pr. - 149

inforlunatiim. Pr. - 149

inter ruptum, Pr. - 149

lineare, Pr. - - 149

macrncarptim, Pr. - 149

pendulum, Pr. - 149

Plumieri, Pr. - - 149

productum, Pr. - 149

pulchellum, Pr. - 149

riccicBfolium, Pr. - 149

rupestrc, Pr. - - 149
sang uinolen turn, Pr. 150

scabrum, Pr. - - 149

Schicdeanum, Pr. - 149

sericeum, Pr. - -149

Sieberi, Pr. - - 149

Inmenlosum - - 149

Irifidvm, Pr. - - 149

undvla/uin, Pr. - 150

vcsliimn, Pr. - - 149

Sphcernpleris, Bcrnh. - 14

SpHfEROPTERIS, TFrt//. - 58

barbata, TFa//. - - .58

medullar is, Bernli. - 27

S/ennlnbus, Pr. - - 151

'243

Slenohbus

Kjtnze(imi!<,Vr. - Hi.J

oinatus, Vi. - - 1<';5

pent(ii)hi/tluii,.h Sill. 1(!'2

Stichnus,Vi: - - '-J

Iceviyalits; Pr. - - 10

laniijer, Pr. - - 12

Si/mtphlcbium, J . Sni., - 203

obtusum, J. Sm., - 224

recurvatutn, J. Sni. 222

Thyi{sopteris, Kze. - 64

elegans, Kze. - 65

Trichomanes, Pr. - - 144

TiuciioMANES, Sin. - 113

achitlccifolium,J .Sm. 135

rtf/u7/tf//"«//MW,Wilkl.

133, 149
acideatian, l.\nn. - 192
aculeatum,J.Sm. - 99
acithnn, Pr. - - 145
adiantinum, /:f()>7/. - 143
ccruginosum, Tboii. - 94
alatum, Bory. - 130

alatum, Hook. - 125

alatum, Sieh. - - 149
alatum, Su: - 123, 145
alhum, Bi. - - 129
alclicmilhcfuliuni, ir«//.

143
ambicjimm, Sieb. 125, 145
anceps. Hook. 135, 145
anceps. Wall. - - 125
aiis;ustatum, Carm. 141
145
anfiustatum. .1. Sni. 138,
146
Aiikersii, Park. 121, 145
(ipiifolium, Pr. - - 145
apoduiu, Hook ^- Grev.

117,147
arbuscula, Drsv. - 128
a/tplenioides, Pr. - 145
attenuatuiu. Hook. - 122
auviculatuni, Bl. - 135
Bancroftii, H. j- Grey.

123, 145.
Baueriauum, Endl. 137,
145
Delangn-i, Borv- 133,145
bifulum, F«ir - 136

bifolium, /^/. - - 119
hilabiatiim, Nees. 124,
147

TltlCHOMANES

biliiKfui', Men/.. - 124
biliiiK^iie, ./. .Sm. - 140
bipiinctatum, Poir. - 124
bivalve, Foist. - 98

Boieri, //. i' Grev. 116,
145, 146
brachj/pus, Kze. 121, 145
Braziliense, Dcsv. 124,
145
b revise turn, Br. - 125

brevisetum, Sw. - 146

casspitosuin, //oo^-, - 132
i'anariensis, Linn. - 169
capiUaeeum, Linn. - 190
capillatum, Tasch. - 143
Chinense, Osb. - 187

Chusanum, Linn. - 187
clavatuni, Sieb. - 148

c(euop(eroides, Hary.

MSS. - - 86
cognatum, Pr. - 145

compressuui, Desv. - 143
conti(f2mm, Foist. - 161
coriaceum, Kze. - 123
cormophyllum, Kaulf. 143
crinitum, Siv. - - 131
crispuiu, Linn. 130, 145
erisputn, Pr. - 145

(•m^a^«m, Kaulf. 130,144
euneiforme,YoYSt. - 190
cupressoides, Desv. - 142
CM>-t)n<MW, J. Sm. - 130
cuspidalum, TFi/W. 119,
146
davallioides, Gaud. 143
f/emmM»i, Forst. - 109
de)iiii:ulatum,'Q\. 101, 147
depauperatuni, Bori). 132
diaphanum, H. B. K. 125
diffusuiu, -K/. - 142

digifatum, Su-. 119, 145
dildtaluiit, Forst. - 104
dimidialum, Pr. - 145
dissectura, /. Sm. - 140
elatum, Forst. - 166

eleguns. Rich. - 135

elegans, i?j/f/</<'. - 114
elegans, Rudgc. - 144

elongatum, A. Cunn. 134
eminens, Pr. - - 145

ppiphyllum, Forst. - 16(5
ericoides, Hcdw. - 137
erosuin, TH/W. 117,115

2J4

Trichomanes

Europaum, Sin. - 125
exsectum, Kze. 141, 145
f astiff latum, Sieh. 130, 144
Filicuhi, Bory. - 124

Jirmitlum, Pr. - 146

llabellatum, Boi-;/. 119,
143
flabellula, D'Urv. - 119
flarcifliim, Forst. - 77
floribundura, H. B. K.

129, 146
fceniculaceum, Bori/. 135,
145
fur aides, Hedw. - 101
liilvum, Kit). - - 141
fuscum, Bl. . - 130
ffeminatu7n, J . Sm. - 137
gemmatum, J. Sni. - 135
gibberosa, Forst. - 192
giganteum, Bori/. - 136
glaucofuscura, Hooli. 128
Guinense, SiV: - 128

HcenJceanum, Pr. - 145
heteropliyllura, H. B. K.
133
heterofhyllum,^^^. 144
Hibernicum, Spr. - 125
hirsutum, Linn. - 88
/rmM<u?«,Thouar - 91
hirsutum, Thimb. - 194
Hookeri, Pr. - - 145
huniile, Fomt. 123, 147
hymenodes, Hedw. - 1 1 6
incisum, Kaulf. - 121
intermedium, Kaulf. 145
intramarginale, H. ^•

Grev. 120

Javanicum, Bl. - 145

Javanicum, J5/. 130, 145
Kaulfussii, H. ^- Grev.

122, 144
Kraussii, H. ^- Grev.

120, 147
Kunzeanum, Hook. 127
lacerum, Desv. - 124

Lambertianum, //oo/f. 139
lanceolatum, Poir. - 137
lanceolatum, 77toi<ar. 142
lanceum, Bory. - 119

lanceum, Willd. - 1 43
leptophyllum, A. Cunn. 1 36
long if olinm. Desv. -130

Triciiomanes

longisetum, Bory.

137,
145
143
122

loreum, Bory.
lucens, H. Ik Grev,
lucens,,S'«'. - 138,145
Luschnatianum, Pr. 146
Lnzonicum, Pr. - 145
macilentum. Banks. 98
3/an(ZioccaMUjn,Radd.l33
Martiusii, Pr. - 144

Mauritianum, Flug. 137
maximura, Bl. - 137

meifoliiim, Bory. - 137
vieifolium, Kaulf. - 135
mebinorhizon, Hoolc. 140
melanotrivlium, Schlcb.

124
membranaceum, Linn.

115
millefolium, Desv.
millefolium, Pr.
minutulum. Gaud.

134
145

124,
147
118
120

98

minutum, Bl.
montanum. Hook
multifidum, Forst. -
muscoides, H. & Grev.

146.
muscoides, .Sjy. 117,147
myriophyllum, Desv. 136
iianum, Bory.
Neesii, Bl.
nudum, Poirct.
obscurum, Bl.
osmundioides, Bory.
Pacificum, Hedw.
pallidum, fi/.
palmatum, Pr.
parvifloruni,Po?>. - 142
parvulum, Po/r. 118,145
pcdicellatum , Desv. 124
pellucens, Kze. • 131
pellucens, Kze. ?
pellucidum, Kze.
peltatum, Poir.
pennatum, Kaulf. 129,146
pilosum, Kze. - 145

pilosum, Mart. - 144

pilosum, Radd. 130, 145
pinnatifidum, Willd. 145
pinnatum, Svv. - 129

plumosum, .flTze. - 131
Plumula,Fr. - 144

115
99
112
133
115
98
139
145

30

144

96

245

TimiioMANr.s

Poe/)j>i(/ii,rr. - M-'j

polviiutlios, //o((/t. - 138
proliferiiin, /y/. - 118

pimclaluin, Puir. 116,1-1(>
pusillum, Sw. - 1 17

pi/ravtidale. Wall. 133,

145
pyxidiferum, Huds. 125
pyxidircruii), Linn. 124,

145
pijxidiferum, ^chkh. 141
querdfnlium, Desv. 121
quercifoliuni, H. & Grev.
120, 147
radicans, H. & Grev.

121,145
7-adicans, Kze. 127, 145
radicans, Sw. 125, 145
renifonne, /oj-aV. - 115
reptans, Sw. lUi, 147

rhizop/a/llttm, Cav. 129
rhomboideum, J. Sn). 130,

146
rigidum. KIo. - 135

riffidtim, Radd. - 134

rigidum, Sw. 133, 145,

147
rigidum, Wa\]. 130,145
sanguinolentum, Forsl. 107
saxifragoides, Pr. - 145
scandens, Hedw. - 125
scandeus, Z/?j«. 140,145
Sellowiauuiu, Pr. - 145
setigcrum, Wall. - 130
Sibthorpio ides, Bory. 118
sinuosum, Kze. - 121

siiiuosrnn, Pr. - 145

sinuosum. Rick. - 120
Smithii, IIou/c. 138, 146
solidum, Forst. - 163

speciosiim, Willd. 125,

145
sphenoidcs, Kze. 116, 145
spicat urn, //«/»•. - 114
spicisoiuni, Dcsv. -115
sfjiiarrosum, Forst. - 68
striatum, Don. - 128

sirictuni, Mcnz. 136, 145
.s7n"^0Au»j,Thunb. . 81

TmCHOMANKS

stylosum, Pi>ir. - 143

tamarisciforme, Jacq.

142, 145
tenelliati, }lci]\v. - 141
teunum, S])r. 141, 145
tenuifolium, Cuv. - 142
Thouarsianum, Pr. 145
Tluijoidcs, />r,vr. - 128
trichoideum, Sw. 141 , 145
trigonum, Drsr. - 122
ii)iibn>suiii,'\Vn\], 125, 145
ntidiilalitm, Wall. - 1 17
uudulatum, Wall. - 143
venosum, lir. 132, 145
venustum, Dcsv. - 143
villosulum, Wi\\]. ■ 135
Vittaria, D. C. - IH)

Trichomanoidca, Pr. - 144

Trichoi'teris, Pr. - 35

denticulata, Pr. - 35

elegans, Pr. - - 3()
excelsa, Pr. - - 35

Villaneg parasitica, R oxb. 2 1 5

Vittaria divergens, H. & Grev.

210

interrupta, Roxb. - 212

Wibelia, Bernli. - - 151

elata, Bevuli. - - 16(i

multifida, Berub. - 166

WOODSIA,"/^*-. - - 69

Caucasica, .A. .S'w. - 62
Cuminpiaua, Kzr. - 61
dubia, Desv. - 71

elonfjata, Ifoo/c. - 62
glabella, Br. - - 64
Guatenialensis, Hook. 60
hyperborea, Br. - 63
Ilvensis, Br. - - 63
incisa, //. <^- Grev. - 202
incisa, Gill. - - 63
Mexicana, Br. - 60

mollis, J. Svt. - 60

obtusa, Hoo/i. 62, 201
Perriniana, H. & Grev.
48
Peruviana, H. 'v Grev. 63

KUWARD NKW;

)hVOXSHlI!K STUKKT, BJSIIOPSO ATK .

ERRATA.
At Page 150, for Subord. III. read Tribe III.

„ „ and on line the eighteenth from the bottom, for '' Subor-

der of ferns " read Trihe of ferns.

Tab. T.

A. Gleichenia SpelunCjK, Br. — ^p. 2.

Fig. 1. Small entire plant, nat. size. Fig. 2. Portion of a
larger frond. Fig. 3. Fertile segments, magnijied.

B. Gleichenia rupestris, Br. — p. 2.

Fig. 1. Portion of a frond j nat. size. Fig. 2. Fertile seg-
ment; viagnijied.

C. Gleichenia dicarpa, Br. — p. 3.

Fig. 1. Portion of a frond ; nai. size. Fig. 2. Upper side of
a fertile portion of a pinna; and Fig. 3, Lower side of
ditto; magnijied. Fig. 4. Single segment; more mag-
n ified.

Tnh.L

\mm&;^^.A

Tab. II.

A. Gleichenia SEMivKsriTA, Lab. — p. 3.

Fig. 1. Portion of a frond; nat. size. Fig. 2. Upper side of
a pinna; magnified. Fig. 3. Lower side of a portion of
a pinna (sterile) ; more magnified.

B. Gleichenia hecistoi'HYLla, All. Cunn. — p. 4.

Fig 1. Portion of a frond; nat. size. Fig. 2. Upper side of a
pinna; magnified. Fig. 3. Under side of a portion of a
fertile pinna; more magnified.

Tah 11.

Tab. J 1 1.

A. Gleichenia gigantea, Wall. — ]). 5.

Fig. 1. Portion of a frond ; not. size. Fig. 2. Upper side of
portion of a pinna ; via(jnified. Fig. 3. Under side of a
fertile segment; more magnified.

B. Gleichenia glauca, Siv. — p. 4.

Fig. 1. Portion of a fertile frond; nat. size. Fig. 2. Upper
side of a portion of a pinna; magnified. Fig. 3. Under
side of a fertile segment ; more magnified.

Tub.lU.

Tab. IV.

A. Gleichenia Bancroftii, Hook. — p. 5.

Fig. 1. Fertile pinna; nat. size. Fig. 2. Upper side of a ])or-
tion of ditto ; magnified. Fig. 3. Under side of a segment
of ditto; more magnified.

B. Gleichenia excelsa, J. Sm. — p. 5.

Fig. 1. Fertile pinna; nat. size. Fig. 2. Under side of a seg-
ment of ditto; magnified. Fig. 3. Upper side of a portion
of a pinna; magnified.

lab. IV.

Taij. \'.

Af Gj.eichenia nervosa, Kaulf. — p. 12.

Fig. 1. Fertile segment, underside; nat. size. Fig. 2 Portion
of the same ; magnified. Fig. 3, 4. Frond, nearly entire ;
7iat. size.

B. Gleichenia Klotzschii, Hook. — p. 13.

Fig. 1. Fertile segment, mider side ; magnified. Fig. 2. Por-
tion of the same; more magnijied. Fig. 3. Portion of a
frond ; nat. size.

Tab: r.

Tab. VI.

A. Gi.EICHENIA CRYPTOCARPA, Hook. — p. 7.

Fig. 1. Fertile segment, under side; magmjied . Fig. 2. Nearly
entire frond ; nal. size.

B. Gleichenia Cunninghami, Hew. — p. 6.

Fig. 1. Fertile segment, under side ; majnlfied. Fig. 2. Por-
tion of a frond ; nat. size.

Tah )1

Tab. YU.

A. Gleichenia revoluta, H. B. K. — p. 7.

Fig. 1. Fertile segment, under side ; magnified. Fig. 2. Por-
tion of a frond; nat. she.

B. Gleichenia Mathewsii, Hook. — p. 9.

{"■ig. 1. Fertile segment; mayntfied. Fig. 2. Portion of a
frond ; nat. size.

liUj.yir

Tab. VIII.

A. Gleichenia acutifolia, Hook. — p. 7.

Fig. 1. Fertile frond ; nat. size. Fig. 2. under side of a seg-
ment; magnified. Fig. 3. Portion of ditto; more magn.

B. Gleichenia pedalis, Kaulf. — p. 6.

Fig. 1. Portion of a frond; nat. size. Fig. 2. Fertile seg-
ment, under side ; magnified.

Tab.Tm.

w:r:!i^^M!iM

Tab. IX.

A. Cyathea Serra, IVilld. — p. 17.

Fig. 1. Fertile pinnae; iiat. size. Fig. 2. Segment of ditto,
undei- side ; magnified. Fig. 3. Soriis ; more magnijied.
Fig. 4. Portion of the stipes and rachis ; nat. size.

B. Cyathea Imrayana, Hook. — p. 18.

Fig. 1. Fertile pinna; nat. size. Fig. 2. Segment of ditto,
nnder side ; magnijied. Fig. 3. Sorus. Fig. 4. Scales
from the rachis ; magnijied.

Tab. X.

A. Cyathea Gardneri, Hook. — p. 21. (Tab. X. B. in text).
Fig. 1. Portion of a fertile frond; nat. size. Fig. 2. Upper

side of a pinna ; magnified. Fig. 3. Under side of ditto ;
more magnified. Fig. 4. Sorus ; more magnified.

B. Cyathea Dkegei, Kze. — p. 23.

Fig. 1. Portion of a fertile frond; nat. size. Fig. 2. Segment
of ditto, inider side ; magnified.

Tab. XT.

A. Cyathea divergens, Kze. — ^p. 19.

Fig. 1. Fertile pinna; nal. size. Fig. 2. Segment of ditto, un-
der side ; maynified. Fig. 3. Portion of a fertile segment
with a sorus ; more magnified.

B. Cyathea canaliculata, Willd. — p. 23.

Fig. 1. Fertile pinna; nat. size. Fig. 2. Segment of ditto;
magnijied. Fig. 3. Portion of ditto, with a sorus ; more
magnified.

Tab. XII.

A. Cy/XTHEa cuspidata, Kze, — p. 19.

Fig, 1. Fertile pinna: nat. size. Fig. 2. Segment of ditto;
magnified. Fig. 3. Portion of ditto, with a sorus ; more
magnified.

B. Cyathea excelsa, Sw. — p. 24.

Fig. 1. Fertile pinna; nat. size. Fig. 2. Segment of ditto;
magnified. Fig. 3. Portion of ditto, with a sorus ; more
magnified.

C. Cyathea spinulosa, Wall. — p. 25.*

Fig. 1. Upper side of a sterile pinna; nat. size. Fig. 2. Seg-
ment of ditto; magnified. Fig. 3. Fertile pinna, nat.
size. Fig. 4. Segment of ditto ; magnified. Fig. 6. Por-
tion of ditto, with a sorus. Fig. 6. Portion of the stipes ;
nat. size.

* By mistake the reference to this plate is given as Tab. XIV. C.
The reader is requested to correct this error with a pen.

lahMi

Tab. XIII.

A. Ctathea canaliculata, y. latifolia. Hook. — p. 24.

Pinna ; nat. size. Fig. 1. Portion of a fertile pinnule ; mag-
nified. Fig. 2. Sorus ; and Fig. 3. sorus further ad-
vanced; more magnified.

B. Hemitelia speciosa, Kaxdf. — p. 28.

Pinna; nat. size. Fig. 1. Portion of ditto : magnified. Fig.
2. Sorus; magnified. Fig. 3. Receptacles and involucre;
magnijied.

TabSm.

Tab. XIV.

A. Hemitelia obtusa, Kaulf. — p. 29.

Pinna; 7iat size. Fig. 1. Fertile segments, under side; mag-
nified. Fig. 2. Sorus ; more magnified.

B. Hemitelia grandifolia, Spr. — j'- 30.

Pinna; nat. size. Fig. 1. Fertile segments, under side; mag-
nified. Fig. 2. Sorus ; more magnified.

Tab:XlV.

Tab. XV.

HSMITELIA HORRIDA, Br. p. 30.

Pinna; nat. size. Fig. 1. Portion of fertile segments ; magni-
Jied, Fig. 2. Sorus ; more magnified.

Tph.xy:

Tab. XVI.

HeMITELIA PETIOLATA, Hook. p. 31.

Pinna; nal. size. Fig. 1. Fertile segment, inidcr siile ;
magnified. Fig. 2. Portion of tlie same ; more matjni-
fied. Fig. 3. Soriis ; more inagnified.

TuiJTL

Tab. XVII.

A. Cyathea Dregei, /3. Hook.—Tp. 23.

Fig. 1, 2. Fertile pinna ; nat. size. Fig. 3. Segment of ditto,
under side ; magnified. Fig. 4. Sorus ; more magnified.

B. Cyathea Burkei, Hook. — p. 23.

Fig, 1. Fertile pinna; nat. size. Fig. 2. Segment of ditto;
magnified. Fig. 3. Sorus j more magnified. Fig. 4. Baso
of the stipes ; nat. size.

Tab. XVIII.

A. Alsophila excelsa, Br. — p. 49.

Fig. 1, Fertile portion of a frond; nat. size. Fig. 2. Segment
of the same, under side ; magnified. Fig. 3. Portion of a
sterile pinna ; nat. size. Fig. 4. Segment of ditto ; mag-
nijied. Fig. 5. Portion of the stipes ; nat. size.

B. Alsophila contaminans. Wall — p. 52.

Fig. 1. Fertile portion of frond; nat. size. Fig. 2. Segment
of ditto, under side ; magnified. Fig. 3. Upper side of
ditto ; magnified.

Tdhimr

Mi t

Tab. XIX.
A. Alsophila australis, Br. — p. 50.

Fig. 1. Fertile pinna; nat. size. Fig, 2. Portion of a pinnule
of the same, magnified. Fig. 3. Sorus ; more magnified.

B. Alsophila aspera, Br. — p. 39.

Fig. 1, 2. Fertile pinna; nat. size. Fig. 3. Segment of ditto,
under side ; magnified.

ri^i /■» "*> ^W '^j-' ,'" .' ^

m:.

Tab. XX.

A. Alsophtla comosa. Wall. — p. 53.

Fig. 1. Portion of a fertile pinna; nat. size. Fig. 2. Portion
of a pinnule, upper side ; slightly magnijied. Fig. 3. Fer-
tile segment, under side ; magnijied. Fig. 4. Base of the
stipes ; nat. size.

B. Alsophila catjdata, J. Sm. — p. 52.

Fig. 1, 2. Portions of a fertile pinna; nat. size. Fig. 3. Por-
tion of a pinnule of the same, upper side; magnijied.
Fig. 4. Segment of the same, under side ; more magnified.

■JiibiA

Tab. XXI.

A. WOODSIA GUATEMALENSIS, Hook. p. 60.

Fig. 1. Portion of a frond; nai. size. Fig. 2. Segment of a
pinna; magnified. Fig. 3, 4. Sori ; more magnified.

B. WooDsiA Peruviana, Hook. — p. 61.

Fig. ] . Portion of a frond ; nat. size. Fig. 2. Pinnule ; mag-
nijied. Fig. 3. Portion of the same with two sori ; more
magnijied.

C. WoODSIA ELONGATA, Hook. — p. 62.

Fig. 1. Portion of a frond; nat. size. Fig. 2. Portion of a
pinna ; magnijied. Fig. 3, 4. Sori ; more magnijied.

Tnh Z\I.

^^

t'i»^'

■risii

-^

Sot ^-i -^ ,^^ - - . . Ar~<^

Tab. XXII.

A. DiCKsoNiA ARBORKSCENS, L'Herit. — p. iiQ.

Fig. 1 . Mucli reduced sketch of tlie entire plant. Fig. 2. Pin-
na ; nat. size. Fig. 3. Pinnule, seen from the upper side,
with sori ; magnified. Fig. 4. Sorus; more magnified.

B. Dtcksonia Sellowiana, Hook. — p. 67.

Fig. I. Two pinnules, sterile; nat. size. Fig. 2. Segment from
the same ; magnified. Fig. 3. Fertile pinna ; nat. size.
Fig. 4. Segment from the same, with sori ; magnified.
Fig. 5. Portion of the stipes ; nat. size.

TaJ) XX/l

A

Tab. XXI 1 1.

A. DicKSOxNiA Bertekoana, Hook. — p. 67.

Fig. 1 . Small ])ortion of a sterile frond ; nal. size. Fig. 2.
Pinnule ; inagnified. Fig. 3. Fertile pinna ; nat. size.
Fig. 4. Pinnule of the same ; magnified. Fig. 5. Fertile
pinna, slight variety; nat. size. Fig. 6. Pinnule of the
same ; magnified.

B. DiCKSONiA FIBROSA, Colenso. — p. 68.

Fig. 1. Small portion of a sterile frond; nat. size. Fig. 2.
Small portion of fertile ditto ; ditto. Fig. 3. Pinnule from
the same ; magnified.

C. DiCKSONiA LANATA, Colenso. — p. 69.

Fig. 1. Portion of a sterile frond ; nat. size. Fig. 2. Portion
of fertile ditto; ditto. Fig. 3. Pinnule of the fertile frond;
magnified. Fig. 4. Portion of the stipes ; nat. size.

Tal XXni

''^.

Tau. XXTV.

A. DicKSONiA coNiiFOLiA, Hook. — p. 70.

Fig. 1. Portion of a sterile frond ; nat. size. Fig. 2. Portion
of fertile ditto ; ditto. Fig. 3. Pinnule ; magnified.
Fig. 4. Two sori ; more magnified.

B. DicKsoNiA Martiana, Klotzsch. — p. 70.

Fig. 1. Portion of a sterile frond ; nat. size. Fig. 2. Portion
of fertile ditto ; ditto. Fig. 3. Two segments with sori ;
magnified.

C. DiCKSONiA DUBiA, Gaud. — p. 71.

Fig. 1. Portion of a sterile frond; nat. size. Fig 2. Fertile
pinna ; ditto. Fig. 3. Upper ; and fig. 4, under side of
fertile segments; magnified. Fig. 5. Sorus; several of the
capsules having been removed ; more magnified.

TaA n/\'

^;H'm

Tab. XXV.

A. Dickson lA sorbifolia, Sm. — p. 72.

Fig. 1 . Portion of a sterile frond ; nat. size. Fig. 2. Portion
of a sterile pinna, to show the venation ; magnified. Fig.
3. Portion of a fertile frond ; nat. size Fig. 4. Portion
of a pinna from the same with two sori ; magnified.

B. Dicksonia Lindeni, Hook. — p. 72.

Fig. 1. Portion of a fertile frond; nat. size. Fig. 2. Portions
of pinnae with sori ; magnified.

Tah U\

E^t--:

/

Tab. XXVI.

A. DiCKSONiA Pavoni, Hook. — p. 74.

Fig. 1. Portion of a fertile frond; nat. size. Fig. 2, 3. Por-
tions of segments with sori ; more or less magnified.

B. DicKsONiA adiantoides, H.B.K. — p. 75. .

Fig. 1. Portion of a fertile frond; nat. size. Fig. 2, 3. Por-
tions of segments, with sori ; more or less magnified.

C. DiCKSONIA APIirOLIA, Sw. — p. 77.

Fig. 1. Portion of a fertile frond; nat. size. Fig, 2. Pinnule
of ditlo ; magnified. Fig. 3. Segment with sorus ; more
magnified.

I'uh 1.117

Tab. XXVII.

A. DicKSONiA uvBiGiyi osA, Kaiilf. — p. 79.

Fig. I. Portion of a fertile frond ; nat. size. Fig. 2. Segment
of ditto ; magnified. Fig. 3. Portion of the same ; more
magnified.

B. DiCKSONIA ANTHRISCIFOLIA, Kaulf. — p. 79.

Fig. 1. Portion of a fertile frond ; nat. size. Fig. 2,3. Seg-
ment and portion of ditto ; more and less magnified.

C. DiCKSONIA APPENDICULATA, Wall. p. 79.

Fig. 1. Portion of a sterile frond ; nat. size. Fig. 2. Portion
of a fertile ditto ; ditto. Fig. 3. Pinna from the same ;
magnified. Fig. 4. Sorus ; more magnified.

I'nhWMI

-f'

Tab. XXVIII.

A. DiCKSONIA DELTOIDEA, Hook. p. 80.

Fig. 1. Portion of a fertile frond ; nat size. Fig. 2. Segment of
ditto; magnified. Fig. 3. Single sorus ; more magnified.

B. DiCKSONIA SCABRA, Wall. — \i. 80.

Fig. 1. Caudex and portion of the stipes ; nat. size. Fig. 2.
Portion of a fertile frond ; ditto. Fig, 3. Segment of dit-
to ; magnified. Fig. 4. Sorus ; more magnified.

C. DiCKSONIA CUNEATA, Hook. — p. 80.

Fig. 1. Portion of a sterile; and fig. 2, portion of a fertile frond;
nat. size. Fig. 3. Pinnule of ditto ; magnified. Fig. 4.
Two sori ; more magnified.

D. DiCKSONIA Smithii, Hook. — p, 80.

Fig. 1. Portion of a fertile frond; nat. size. Fig. 2. Pinnule
of ditto ; magnified. Fig. 3. Two soii ; moir magnified.

/;/// n\iii

Tab. XXIX.

A. CiBOTiUM GLAUCUM, Hook. et Am. — p. 82,

Fig. 1. Pinna; 7iat. size. Fig. 2. Segment; magnified. V\g.
3. Sori ; more magnified. Fig. 4 . Portion of a segment,
to show the venation ; magnified.

B. CiBOTiuM AssAMicuM, Hook. — ]). 83.

Fig. 1. Pinna; nat. size. Fig. 2. Segment; much magnified.
Fig. 3. Sori; more magnified. Fig. 4. Portion of a seg-
ment, to show the venation ; magnified.

C. CiBoTiUM Menziesii, Hook. — p. 84.

Fig. 1. Pinna; nat. size. Fig. 2. Segment; magnified. Fig.
3. Sori ; more magnified.

Tah 11 /A

Tab. XXX.

A. CiBOTiuM ScHTEDEi, Schlecht. <Sf Cham. — p. 84.

Fig. 1 . Portion of a frond ; nat. size. Fig. 2. Segment ; mag-
nified. Fig. 3. Sori ; more magnified. Fig. 4, Portion
of a segment, to show the venation.

B. Deparia Mathew^ii, Hook. — p. 85.

Fig. 1 . Pinna ; nat. size. Fig. 2. Portion of a larger pinna ;
ditto. Fig. 3. Segment or pinnule ; magnified. Fig. 4.
Sori ; more magnified.

Tal, \X\

Tab. XXXI.

A. Hymenophyllum cruentum, Cav. — p. 87.

Fig. 1. Plant; nat. size. Fig. 2. Sori ; magnified.

B. Hymenophyllum abruptum, Hook. — p. 88.

Fig. 1. Plant; nat. size. Fig. 2. Sorus; magnified.

C. Hymenophyllum Boryanum, Willd. — p. 89.

Fig. 1. Plant; nat. size. Fig. 2. Sorus; magnified.

D. Hymenophyllum hirtellum, Sw. — p. 90.

Fig. 1. Plant; nat. size. Fig. 2. Sorus; magnified.

Tab. XXXII.

A. Hymenophtllum Chiloense, Hook. — p. 90.

Fig. 1. Plant ; nat. size. Fig. 2. Segment of a frond ; magni-
fied.

B. HiMENOPHTLLTTM OrGANENSE, Hook. — p. 90.

Fig. 1. Lower portion of a plant; nat. size. Fig. 2. Segments
with sori ; magnified.

I ah \\\n

\ 'A f /,

^'<^//

'^ J!

Tab. XXXIII.

A. Hymenophyllum pulchellum, Scklecht. — p. 91.

Fig. 1. Upper extremity of a frond; nat. size. Fig. 2. Pinna
from the same ; magnified. Fig. 3. Sorus ; more magni-

B. Hymenophyllum interruptdm, Kze. — p. 92.

Fig. 1. Upper extremity of a frond; nat. size. Fig. 2. Sori;
magnified. Fig. 3. Single sorus ; more magnified.

C. Hymenophyllum Berteroi, Hook. — p. 93.

Fig. 1. Plant ; nat. size. Fig. 2. Segment, with sori ; magni-
fied.

D. Hymenophyllum obtusum. Hook, et Am. — p. 93.

Fig. 1. Plant; nat. size. Fig. 2. Segments; magnified. Fig.
3. Single sorus ; more magnified.

Toh LUUI

;' ^'%.,

Tab. XXXIV.

A. Hymenophyllum iERUGiNOSuM, Cartn. — p. 94.

Fig. 1. Plant; nat. size. Fig. 2. Segment of the frond, with
two sori ; magnified.

B. Hymenophyllum lanceolatum. Hook, et Am. — p. 94.
Fig. 1. Plant; nat. size. Fig. 2. Apex of a segment, with so-

rus ; magnified.

C. Hymenophyllum Lindeni, Hook. — p. 94.

Fig. 1. Portion of a frond; nat. size. Fig. 2. Segments with
sori ; magnified.

D. Hymenophyllum pectinatum, Cav. — p. 96.

Fig. 1. Plant; nat. size. Fig. 2. Sterile apex of a frond ; mag-
nified. Fig. 3. Sori ; magnified.

Tab. XXYJV

Tab. XXXV.

A. Hymenophyllum Jamesoni, Hook. — p. 96.

Fig. 1, Upper half of a frond ; nat. size. Fig. 2. Pinna, with
the crested rachis; magnified. Fig. 3. Sorus; magnified.

B. Hymenophyllum Smithii. — p. 97.

Fig. 1. Portion of a frond; nat. size. Fig. 2. Segments of
ditto, with a sorus ; magnified.

C. Hymenophyllum Bridgesii, Hook. — p. 97.

Fig. 1. Sterile pinnae, and fig. 2. fertile pinnae of a frond; nat.
size. Fig. 3. Pinnule with sori ; magnified.

D. Hymenophyllum bivalve, Swartz. — p. 98.

Fig. 1 . Portion of a frond ; nat. size. Fig. 2. Pinna with so-
ri ; magnified. Fig. 3. Sorus ; more magnified.

Tab XXXV

.r \\ft!^h

J

k:^j

.\.

-w^

^"^M'-t •■■> I Hjfei

^®*"

Tab. XXXVI.

A. Hymenophyllum dichotomum, Cav. — p. 98.

Fig. 1. Stipes; and fig. 2. Portion of a frond; nat. size. Fig.
3. Portion of the rachis; magnified. Fig, 4, Segments
with a sorus ; magnijied.

B. Hymenophyllum attenuatdm. Hook, — p. 99.

Fig. 1. Stipes; and fig. 2. Portion of a frond; nat. size. Fig.
3. Segment with sori ; magnified.

C. Hymenophyllum fimbriatum, J. Sm. — p. 102.

Fig. 1 . Lower part of a frond and stipes ; and fig. 2. Extremi-
ty of a frond ; nat- size. Fig. 3. Segments with sori ;
magnijied.

D. Hymenophyllum fuciforme, Sw. — p. 103.

Fig. 1. Stipes; and figs. 2, 3. Portions of the frond; naf. size.
Fig. 4. Segment with sori ; magnified.

Tah XXXVl

Tab. XXXVII.

A. Hymenophyllum pulcherrimum. Col. — p. 103.

Fig. 1. Stipes; and fig. 2. Portion of the frond; nat. size. Fig.
3. Segment of a frond ; magnified.

B. Hymenophyllum protrusum, Hook. — p. 104.

F'ig. 1. Stipes and base of a frond; and fig. 2. Apex of a frond ;
nat. size. Fig. 3. Segments with sori ; magnified.

C. Hymenophyllum recurvum. Hook. — p. 104.

Fig. 1. Stipes and base of a frond; and fig. 2. Extremity of a
frond ; nat. size. Fig. 3. Segment with sorus; magnified.

D. Hymenophyllum myriocarpum. Hook. — p. 106.

Fig. 1. Stipes and base of a frond; and fig. 2. Apex of a
frond ; nat. size.

Tab XkWII

Tab. XXXVIII.

A. Hymenophyllum exsertum, Wall. — p. 109.

Fig. 1. Plant; nat. size. Fig. 2. Pinna; maf/uifird. Fig. 3,
Sorus ; more magnified.

B. Hymenophyllum capili.aceum, Ro.vb. — j). 109.

Fig. 1. Plant; naf. size. Fig. 2. Pinna; mnrpiificd. Fig. .3.
Soriis ; more magnified .

C. Hymenophyllum KExiFOKME, HooA-. — p. 110.

Fig. 1. Plant; nat. size. Fig. 2. Pinna with sori ; tnaonijied.
Fig, 3. Single sorus ; more magnified.

Tub XXXMII

Tab. XXXIX.

A. Tkichomanes pakvulum, Poir. — p. 118.

Fig. 1 . Plant ; nat. size. Fig. 2. Portion of the same ; mu(/-
nified. Fig. 3. Sori ; ditto.

B. Tkichomanes proliferdm, Bl. — p. 118.

Fig. 1. Plant; nat. size. Fig. 2. Frond; magnijied. Fig. 3.
Sori; ditto.

C. Tkichomanes attenuatuai, Hook. — p. 122.

Fig. 1. Stipites; and fig. 2. Upper portion of a frond; nat.
size. Fig. 3. Sori and portion of a segment; magnified.

D. Tkichomanes Kunzeanum, Hook. — p. 127.

Fig. 1. Pinna; nat. size. Fig. 2. Segment, with sori; mag-
nified. Fig. 3. Single sorus ; more magnified.

Tab \X\IK

Tab. XL.

A. Trichomanes glauco-fuscum, Hook. — p. 128.

Fig. 1. Plant; nal. size. Fig. 2. Fertile portion of a segment;
magnified. Fig. 3. Sorus ; more magnified.

B. Trichomanes c^spitosum. Hook. — p. 132.

Fig. 1, 12. Plant with tenninal sori ; nat. size. Fig. 2. So-
rus ; magnified. Fig. 3. Plant with lateral sori ; nat.
size. Fig. 4. Sorus ; magnified.

C. Trichomanes anceps. Hook. — p. 136.

Fig. 1. Pinna of a. ; nat. size. Fig, 2. Fertile portion of /3. ;
magnified. Fig. 3. Pinna of /3. ; nat. size.

Tab XI.

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Tab. XLI.

A. Trichomanes lucens, Siv. — p. 138.

Fig. 1. Pinnae ; nat size. Fig. 2. Portion of a fertile pinna;
7nagnificd. Fig, 3. Sorus ; more magnified.

B. Trichomanes Lambertianum, Hook. — p. 139.

Fig. 1. Upper portion of a frond; nat. size. Fig. 2. Pinna;
magnified. Fig. 3. Fertile portion of the same ; more

C. Davallia vestita, Bl. — p. 156.

Fig. 1. Portion of a frond; nat. size. Fig. 2. Fertile portion
of the same ; magnified. Fig. 3. Sorus ; more magnified.

"Cj^.i-

Tab. XLU.

A. Davallia pakallela. Wall. — p. 153.

Fig. 1, 2. Sterile and fertile plants; nat. size. Fig. 3. Por-
tion of a fertile segment ; magnified.

B. Davallia solida, Stv. var. /3, latifolia, Hook. — p. 163.

Fig. 1. Portion of a frond ; 7iat. size. Fig. 2. Fertile seg-
ment; magnified.

Taiua

Tab. XLIIL

A. Davallia elegans, Siv. var. a. bidentata. Hook — p. 165.
Fig. 1. Portion of a plant; nat. size. Fig. 2. Fertile pinna ;

not. size. Fig. 3. Sorus ; more magnified.

B. Davallia elegans, Siv. var. S, coniifolia. Hook. — p. 165.
Fig. 1. Portion of a plant; nat. size. Fig. 2. Fertile pinna;

magnified. Fig. 3, Fertile pinna; more magnified.

/.»/ /////

Tab. XLIV.

A. DaVALLIA NITIDULA, ^ze. — p. 165.

Fig. 1. Portion of a plant; nat. size. Fig. 2. Fertile pinna ;
magnified. Fig, 3. Sorus ; magnified.

B. Davallia decurrens. Hook. — p. 167.

Fig. 1. Portion of a plant; nat. size. Fig. 2. Fertile pinna;
magnified. Fig. 3. Sorus ; magnified.

<m}M

Tab. XLV.

A. Davallia pedata, Stv. — p. 154.

Fig. 1. Fertile plant; nat. size. Fig. 2. Sori ; magnijied.
Fig. 3. Sterile plant; nat. size.

B. Davallia Cumingii, Hook. — p. 155.

Fig. 1. Fertile frond ; nat. size. Fig. 2. Segment with sori ;
magnijied. Fig. 3. Sterile frond ; nat, size.

TahXlV

Tab. XLVT.

A. Davallia triphylla, Hook. — p. 162.

Fig. 1. Fertile frond ; nat. size. Fig. 2. Sori ; naU size.

B. Davallia lonchitidea. Wall. — p. 173.

Fig. 1 . Pinna ; nat. size. Fig. 2. Segment with sori ; mag-
nified. Fig. 3. Sorus, with the involucre forced back ;
more magnified.

Tab. XLVII.

A. Davallta Khasiyana, Hook. — p. 173.

Fig. 1. Portion of a frond; nat. size. Fig. 2. Segment witli
sori; magnified.

B. Davallia Hookeriana, IVall. — p. 172.

Fig. 1. Portion of a frond; nat- size. Fig. 2. Sori; magnified.

T„f x/.y/i

Tab. XLVIII.

A. Davallia villosa, Wall. — p. 172.

Fig. 1. Pinna, and fig. 2, apex of a frond ; not. size. Fig. 3.
Segment with son; magnified. Fig. 4. Sorus; more
magnified.

B. Davallia calvescens. Wall. — p. 172.

Fig. I. Pinna; nat. size. Fig. 2. Segment, with son; mag-
nified.

Tab. XLIX.

A. Davallia Imrayana, //oo/-. — p. 171.

Fig. 1. Portion of a frond; nat. size. Fig. 2. Portion of a
pinna, with sori ; magnified.

B. Davallia Grufithiana, Hook. — p. 168.

Fig. 1, Stipes ami caudex, and fig. 2. Portion of a frond; nat.
size. Fig. 3. Pinnule, with sori ; more magnified.

Tab. L.

A. Davallia Schimpeui, Hook. — p. 193.

Fig. 1, 2, 3. Frond, (in portions); nat. size. Fig. 4. Sorus ;
magnified.

B. Davallia bullata, Wall. — p. 169.

Fig, 1, 2, 3. Portions of a frond; nat. size. Fig. 4. Pinna,
with sori ; magnified.

C. Davallia Goudotiana, Kze. — p. 189.

Fig. 1. Portion of a frond; nat. size. Fig. 2. Pinna, with
sori ; magnijied. Fig. 3. Sorus ; more magnified.

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Tab. LI.

A. DaVALLIA CHiEROPHYLLA, Wall. — p. 157.

Fig. 1 . Stipes and caudex ; and fig. 2. Pinna ; nat. size. Fig.
3. Pinnule, wilh sori ; magnified.

B. Davallia Nov^ Zelandi^, Col. — p. 158.

Fig. 1. Stipes and caudex; and fig. 2. Pinnae; nat. size. Fig.
3. Pinnule with sori ; magnified.

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Tab. LIl.

A. DaVALLIA RETCfSA, Cav. — p. 188.

Fig. I. Portion of a frond; nat. size. Fig. 2. Pinna; magni-
fied. Fig. 3. Sorus ; more magnifisd,

B. Davallia affinis. Hook. — p. 158.

Fig. 1. Stipes and caudex; and fig. 2. Pimia; nat. size. Fig.
3. Pinnule with son ; magnified.

Tnh 1. 1 I

Tab. LIII.

A. Davallia membranulosa. Wall. — p. 159.

Fig. 1. Lower portion J and fig. 2. Apex of a frond; nat. size.
Fig. 3. Segment of a fertile pinna; magnified. Fig. 4.
Sorus ; more magnified.

B. Davallta pulchella, Hook. — p. 175.

Fig- 1. Lower; and fig. 2. Middle portion of a frond; nat. size.
Fig. 3. Pinna with sori ; magnified.

C. Davallia Parkeri, Hook. — p. 176.

Fig. 1. Lower; and fig. 2. Middle portion of a frond; nat. size.
Fig. 3. Pinna, with sori ; magnijied. Fig. 4. Sorus;
more magnified.

tv,.,

JklUII.

Tab. LIV.

A. Davallia Blumeana, Hook. — p. 177,

Fig. 1. Stipes and caudex ; and fig. 2. Portion of the frond;
nat. size. Fig. 3. Pinna, with sori ; magnified. Fig. 4.
Sori ; more magnified.

B. Davallla aculeata, Siv. — p. 191.

Fig. 1. Poi'tion of the frond; nat. size. Fig. 2. Pinna, "with
sori; magnified. Fig. 3. Sorus; more magnified.

C. Davallia Schlechtendalii, Pr. — p. 189.

Fig. 1. Portion of a frond; nat. size. Fig. 2. Pinna, with
sori ; magnified. Fig. 3. Sorus ; more magnified.

■/aHJW

Tab. LV.

A. Davallia elata, Stv. — jj. 166.

Fig. 1. Portion of a frond; nat. size. Fig. 2. Portion of a pin-
nule ; magnified. Fig. 3 and 4. Sori ; more magnijied.

B. Davallia Mauritiana, Hook. — p. 164.

Fig. 1. Portion of a frond; nat. size. Fig. 2. Pinna, with
sori; magnijied. Fig. 3. Sorus; more magnijied.

C. Davallia pyxidata, Cav. — p. 169.

Fig. 1 Portion of the frond of a. nat. size. Fig. 2. Pinnule,
with sori ; magnijied. Fig. 3. Portion of the frond of var.
ft. nat. size. Fig, 4. Portion of a pinnule of ditto, with
sori ; magnijied.

D. Davallia Fejeensis, Hook. — p. 166.

Fig. 1. Apex of a frond; nat. size. Fig. 2. Portion of a pin-
na, with sori; magnijied. Fig. 3. Sorus; more magnijied.

/;.///:

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Tab. LVI.

A. Davallia Canariensis. — p. 169,

Fig. 1 . Portion of a Frond ; nat. size. Fig. 2. Segment, with
sori; magnified. Fig. 3. Sorus ; more magnified.

B. Davallia Lindeni, Hook. — p. 193.

Fig. 1. Rachis and pinnae, and fig. 2. Apex of a frond; nat.
size. Fig. 3. Segments, with sori ; magnified.

C. Davallia Amboynensis, Hook. — p. 178,

Fig. 1. Portion of a frond ; nat. size. Fig. 2. Pinnule, with
sori ; magnified. Fig. 3. Segment, with sori ; more mag-
nified.

D. Davallia ? achill^ifolia. Wall. — p. 197.

Fig. 1. Caudex and frond; nat. size Fig. 2. Segments and
rachis; magnified

TahLVI.

Tab. LVII.

A. Davallia Khasiyana, Hook. var. /3. — p. 173.

Fig. 1. Pinna; nat. size. Fig. 2. Pinnule, with sori ; maqni-
fied. Fig. 3. Sorus ; more magnified.

B. Davallia in.equalis, Kze. — p. 180.

Fig. 1. Portion of a frond ; nat, size. Fig. 2. Pinnule; mag-
nified. Fig. 3. Sorus; more magnijied. (See Tab.
LVIII.A.)

'U' I. I'll

Tab. LVIII.

A. Davallia in.equalis, Kze. var. y. minor, Hook. — p. 180.
Fig. 1. Portion of a frond; nat. size. Fig. 2. Pinna, with so-

ri ; magnified. Fig. 3. Sorus ; more magnified.

B. Davallia Lindleyi, HooJc. — p. 164.

Fig. 1. Stipes, with caudex, and fig. 2. Portion of a barren
frond ; nat. size. Fig. 3. Sterile pinnule ; magnified.
Fig. 4. Portion of a fertile frond ; nat. size. Fig. 5. Pin-
na, with sori ; magnified.

TaiLVm.

w#?^

Tab. LIX.

A. Davallia polyantha, Hook. — p. 168.

Fig. 1. Portion of a frond; nat. size. Fig. 2. Pinnule, with
son ; viagnified. Fig. 3. Sorus ; more magnified.

B. Davallia Vogelii, Hook. — p. 168.

Fig. 1. Caudex and stipes, and fig. 2. Portion of a frond; nat.
size. Fig. 3. Pinnule with sori ; maynified.

^^ The explanation of Tab. LX. will be given in Part IV.

i' a

Tab. LX.

A. Davallia ciliata, Hook. — p. 184.

Fig. 1. Rachis and lower portion of the stipes, nat. size. Fig. 2.
Portion of the frond, nat. size. Fig. 3. Fertile segments,
magnified. Fig. 4. Sorus, magnified.

B. Figs. 1 & 4, Davallia pinnata, Cav. — p. 174.

Fig. 1. Portion of stipes and caudex, naf. sJae. Fig. 4. Pinnae,
nat. size. Figs. 2, 3, & 5, Davallia Luzonica, Hook.
— p. 174. Fig. 2. Pinnae, nat. size. Fig. 3. Pinnule or
segment, magnified. Fig, 5. Sori, magnified.

7'al /.A.

Tab. LXI.

A. Adiantum {to be described in vol. 2).

B. LlNDS^A CONCINNA, J. Sin. — p. 205.
Upiier and lower portion of a plant, nat. size.

C. LlNDS^A ADIANTOIDES, J. Sm. — p. 204.

Plant, nat. size.

D. LiNDS^A OBLONGIFOLIA, Reinw. — p. 206.
Upper portion of a plant, nat. size.

raO. LXJ.

Tab. LXII.

A. LiNDS^A GciANENSis, Dry. — p. 216.
Portion of a plant, nat. size.

B. LlNDS^A HORIZONTALIS, Hook. — \). 2\4.

Portion of a plant, 7iat. size.

C. LiNDs^A LoBBiANA, Hook. — p. 205.
Upper and lower portion of a plant, nat. sizf.

D. LiNDS^A Leprieurii, Hook. — p. 208.
Plant, naf size.

Tab Lxn.

Tab. LXUI.

A. LlNDS^A RIGIDA, J. Sm. — p. 217.

Portion of a plant, nat, size,

B. LiNDSiEA SCANDENS, Hook. p. 205.

Portion of a plant, 7iat. size.

C. LlNDS^A FLABELLULATA, y. Hook. — p. 211.

Portion of a plant, nat. size.

D. LiNDSiEA FILIFORMIS, Hook. — p. 212.

Portion of a plant, nat. size. Fig. 1. Fertile pinnae, magnified.

Tab. LXIV.

A. LlNDSiKA OVATA, J. SjU. — p. 204.

Plant, nat. size. Fig. 1. Fertile pinnule, magnified.

B. LiNDS^A i-'ALCiFORMis, Hook. — p. 208.

Plant, nal. size. Fig. 1. Fertile pinnule, magnified.

C. LlNDS^A DUBIA, SpV. — p. 209.

YXawX, nat. size. Fig. 1. Fertile pinnule, 7Hfl^«(/!W.

TabLXir.

Tab. LXV.

A. LiN'DSiEA PENPULA, KI. — p. 213.

Upper and lower portion of a plant, nat. size. Fig. I. Fertile
pinnules, magnified.

B. LiNDS^A Catharine, Hook. — p. 212.

Portion of a plant, nat. size. Fig. 1. Fertile pinnae, magni-
fied.

C. LiNDSvEA Gardneri, Hoo/i.—Tp. 213.

Portion of a plant, nat. size. Fig. 1 . Fertile pinnule, magni-
fied.

Tcl6 Lxr.

Tab. LXVT.

A. LiNDSiEA CORDATA, p. 219.

Plant with sterile and fertile fronds, nat. size. Fig. 1, Portion
of a sterile frond, magnified.

B. LiNDS^A PROPiNQUA. Hook. — p. 223.

Portion of a frond, nal. size. Fig. I. Fertile pinnule, magni-
fied.

Tcvd. Lxri

Tab. LXVII.

A. LlNDS^A PENTAPHYLLA, Hook. — p, 219.

Sterile and fertile fronds, nat. size.

B. LlNDS^A INTERMEDIA, Hook. — p. 222.

Fertile fronds, 7iat. size.

TevbLXm.

Tab. LXVIII.

A. LiNDSJEA DAVALLIOIDES, Bl. — p. 224.

Portion of stipes and frondj nat. size. Fig. 1. Fertile pinnule,
magnified.

B. LiNDS^A Griffithiana, Hook. — p. 219.

Fronds, nat. size. Fig. 1. Portion of the fertile frond, magni-
fied.

/>// i.xn/j.

Tab. LXIX.

A. LiNDSiEA WalkerjE, Hook. — p. 209.

Plant, nat. size. Fig. 1. Portion of a fertile pinna, magnified.

B. LlNDS^A LANUGINOSA, Wall. — p. 210.

Fig. 1. Lower and sterile portion of a frond, nat. size; with a
portion of a pinna, magnified. Fig. 2. Upper and fertile
portion of a frond, nat. size ; with a portion of a pinna,
magnified.

rn/> LYJX

Tab. LXX.

A. LlNDS-EA RECURVATA, Wall. — p. 222.

Plant, 7ia(. size. Fig. 1. Fertile pinna, magnified.

B. LiNDsaiA Fraseri, Hook. — p. 221.

Plant, tiat. size. Fig. 1. Fertile pinna, macfnified.

7'a /a LXX.

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