K^^Y^ •^?4gk^ UJ^ J--^ ig^Jppyt^ m^M^^^m m^m^WSrZi lk-:Tir ■' 'Si-' i ®llp i. m. Bill IGibrary Jiurtti (Carnltiia *tatr €aUtwt QK52 3 H648 v.2 y/r///^/., . /j ////u: rfc'VQ^i ■ SPECIES EILICUM. SPECIES FILICUM; BEING UESCKU'TIONa OF THE KNOWN I'EKNS, I'AKTlcrLAKLV OF SICH AS EXIST IN THE AUTHOU'S UEUUAKIUM, OH AKE WITH SUFFICIENT AfClKAfY DESCUIDEI) IN WORKS TO WHICH HE HAS ACCESS : ACCOMPANIKI) W^TTH NUMEliOUS FIGURES: Sill WILLIAM JACKSON HOOKER, K.II., D.C.L. OxoN., F.R.S., F.A.S., and F.L.S. ; CORBBSl'ONDlNC. MiaillKH OF THK ACADKMY OF SCIENCES OF THE IMI'lilUAL INSTITUTE OF FRAMCK, AND UIHEITOH OF TUB KOVAI. GARDENS OP KEW. VOL. II. ( (i.NTAlNlN(i ADIANTUM— CElU'iOlTHKlS. PLATl':s LXXl— CXL. L(JNP( )N ; AVILLIAM PAMPLIN, 45, FRITH f^THEET, 8()HO SQUAJfE MDdtLVIII. printed by john edwaku taylob, littlb yuekn stbebt, iincolh's inn fields. CONTENTS OF THE SECOND VOLUME. PTERIDEiE (in Part). Adiantum I ochropteris '>5 lonciiitis 55 Hypolepis 59 Cheilantiies 75 Cassebeera 117 OXYCHIUM 120 Llavea 125 Cryptogramme 126 Pell^ea 1.30 Pteris 154 C ERATO pteris 234 PLATES LXXI.— CXL. SPECIES FILICUM. SuBORi). IV.— PTERIDE.^.. Sori orbicular, oblong or linear, often continuous, mar- ginal, situated at the apices of the veins or vcinlets. Jn- volucre formed of the replicate margin of, but mostly differing in texture from, the frond, taking the same shape as the sori, membranaceous or coriaceous, covering the capsules or some- times bearing them on its underside [Adiimtuui), opening towards the axis of the frond or pinnule. — Tufted or creep- ing Ferns, inhabiting various parts of the world, chiefly tro- pical. Fronds simple or variously divided and compound. Veins simple or forked or anastomosing. The present p^ioup corresponds, generally, with the Ptendea, J. Sm., (excluding however all of his second section " Mrtasone,'' except Lomaria), and almost entirely with the Adiantaccce of Presl. The name Pteridea appears preferable, as expressing the most familiar Genus belonging to it. To me it seems the Suborder cannot be advantageously divided into sec- tions, the Genera of which it is composed passing too gradually the one into the other to allow of it. 1. Adiantum, L. Adiantum, Linn. (Hook. Gen. Fil. tab. LXVl. B.) Hewardia, J. Sm. (Hook. Gen. Fil. tab. LXXXIX.). Sori marginal, globose, reniform, oblong or linear, distinct, or more or less confluent and continuous. Involucre the same shape as the sori, formed of the reflexed margin of the frond, on the underside, and bearing the capsules beneath, which capsules have their origin upon veinlets running into the involucre. Capsules stalked. — Ferns of temperate or chiefly tropical countries, ahoundiug in the New JVorld, with simple or pinnate or contpoundly divided fronds f never li 2 ADIANTUM. pinnatifid), variable in texture from membranaceous to co- riaceous. Costa, if present, excentric, generally indistinct or obsolete. Veins simple or usually forked, sometimes radi- ating, rarely (in Hewardia, J. Sm.) anastomosing. Stipes frequently black and glossy. Pinnules ofteti cuneated and oblique. This Genus may be said to be a natural one, that is, generally easily re- cognized, even when destitute of fructification ; the essential character, however, consisting in the position of the capsules or sori upon the under- side of the involucre: by that mark alone are some species with small and distinct sori to be distinguished from Cheilant/ies* while others almost merge into Pteris. If, however, the Genus is, as a whole, well marked, great indeed is the difficulty of defining the limits of the species, or of knowing what are the species of authors without the aid of faithful figures, or authentically named specimens. In the several stages of growth, too, some species assume totally diflferent appearances, and all kinds of shapes of pinnules are seen on one and the same frond. The presence or absence of fructification also changes considerably the outliue of a pinnule. I re- gret, for my friend Mr. Heward's sake, that I cannot concur with those who consider the anastomosing of the veins as alone sufficient to constitute a genus of the Hewardia, J. Sm., and I shall be gratified if Mr. Smith himself would see the matter in the same light, and distinguish some bet- ter marked plant with the name of so excellent a man and so great a lover and student of Ferns. Hewardia adiantoides, as will be shown, is not the only Adiantum in which the veins anastomose ; and there are various de- grees of union, and in plants not otherwise allied to each other; so that such a character cannot be held to afford even tolerable sections : nor, practically, can such characters, derived from the fructification, as those of "(S'ori incequales v. liiieares, continui, vel breviores contiguV (Adianta Minervae, von Martins), and " Sori aquales,glohosi, distincti. Indusium semilunatum" (Adianta Veneris, von Mart.) of Presl. Such characters, distinct enough in some, seem to be combined in other individuals in one and the same species. In subsections they may be with some convenience employed. § I. Fro7id simple. (Sp. 1—3). 1. A. reniforme, L. ; frond reniform with a broad shallow sinus, stipes slender. (Tab. LXXI. A.). — Linn. Sp. PI. 1556. Willd. Sp. PL V. 427. Sw. Syn. Fil. 120. Hab. Madeira, Teneriffe. 2. A. asarifolium, Willd. ; frond orbicular reniform with a deep and narrow sinus the lobes generally overlapping. (Tab. LXXI. B.)— Willd. Sp. PI. v. p. 427. A. reniforme, Bory, Voy. i. 358. Hab. Mauritius, Bourbon. — I am aware that most botanists, except Willdenow, consider the present plant to be identical with the previous one. * Ou this ground I have removed Adiantum radiatum to Cheilanthes, as properly suggested by Mr. J. Smith. ADIANTUM. 3 Copious specimens in my possession of botli — the reniformc from Madeira and Teneriffe, the asai-ifoiium from Mauritius and Bourbon — incline me to a dilTcrent opinion : the western one is uniformly more slender and lon<:;cr in proportion in the stipes, less scaly ; the frond smaller, of a thinner texture, with a broad and shallow sinus, and constantly smaller and less densely approximated involucres. A. asarifolium is altogether and always a stouter and coarser plant. It is not a little remarkable that these two species appear peculiar to their respective localities, nothing like them bav- in};: l^cen delected in any part of the vast intermediate continent of Africa. Whether the following is allied or not, cannot be determined from the figure of Petiver. 3. A. PhiUppense, L. ; "frond reniform, simple, alternate, petiolate, loLcd, many-flowered." Linn. Sp. PL 155G. Sw. Sf/n. Fil. 120. Willd. Sp. PL v. 42Q.—Peth\ Gazoph. 8, t. 4,/. 4. Hab. " Philippine Islands." — Petiver seems the only authority for this dubious plant, as well as for its locality. § II. Fronds pinnate, rarely suhhipinnate. (Sp. 4 — 32). * Sori continuous and solitary, or more or less elongated and unequal. (Sp.4-11). 4. A. macrophyllum^ Sw. ; frond pinnate, pinnaj large chartaceous opaque somewhat glaucous beneath sessile or on very short petioles subfalcate, lower ones opposite, sterile ones broadly but obliquely ovate acuminate slightly lobed and serrated, fertile ones narrower obliquely and an- gulato-cuneate at the base, sori linear elongated more or less interrupted, stipes and rachis ebeneous glabrous. — Sw. Syn. FU.p. 122. Willd. Sp. PL v. p. 429. H. B. K. Nov. Gen. Am. i. p. 16 el vii. t. (iQQ. Hook, et Grev. Ic. FiL t. 132. —Br. Jam. t. 38,/. 1. Hab. West Indies and tropical America, common. — A veiy fine and well-marked species ; yet the shape of the piuuJB is highly variable. In one specimen we find the lower pinnae pinnate, but it seems a monstrosity. 5. A. platyphyllum, Sw. ; " fronds pinnate, pinnae petio- late ovate attenuate at the apex entire oblique at the base and gibbous at the upper base glaucous beneath, sori oblong contiguous occupying the whole margin." Sw. KoiiyL Ve- tersk. Ac. Handl. 1817, p. 74, t. 3,/. (>. Kze. Anal. Pterid. p. 31, t. 20, an Kze. in Linncca, ix. p. 79 } (not Kze. Poepp. Fil. exsic. in Herb. Hook. J. Hab. Near Villa Rica, Brazil, Freyreis (Swartz). Brazil, Herb. Kaulf. propr., sterile {Knme). Pampayaco, Peru, Porppig (Kiinze). — Swartz's figure represents a very remarkable Brazilian plant, such as neither myself nor Mr. J. Smith have seen, with quite the habit, so far as can be judged from the figures, of our^l. yVilsoni; the pinnae few (four), 4 ADIANTUM. large, broad-ovate, long-petioled, sharply acuminated, quite entire (under the microscope said to be obsoletely serrulate), the rachis and stipes quite glabrous, but the sori are not contiouous, — they are broken up into several large, broad, and more or less elongated contiguous ones. Kunze, in his va- luable 'Analecta Pleridogvaphica,' gives a figure and description unques- tionably of the same species (from Pampayaco, in Peru) ; one specimen represented at his f. B. (Tab. 20) is the very prototype of Swartz's figure. Unfortunately my specimen of Poepp. Plant. Exsicc, from Professor Kunze himself, is a very different fern, and a rather unusually large state of A. Kaulfussii (A. obliquum, Sieh., Hook. S,- Grev.), with short petioles, nar- rower and smaller, gradually acuminated pinn®, the sterile ones, or sterile portions, slightly lobed and conspicuously serrated, narrow sori and downy rachis. Presl, too, cites A. ■plalyphyllum of Poeppig, Plant, exsicc, under A. obliquum (meaning no doubt the A. Kaulfussii, Kze. Herb, and Klotzsch, often taken for A. obliquum), and retains A. plati/phyllum of Swartz as a distinct species. I can only do the same, referring to the latter the Jlgure of Kunze above quoted. 6. A. lucidum, Sw. ; frond oblong pinnate rarely below subbipinnate, pinna3 alternate on short petioles approximate ovato-lanceolate or lanceolate much acuminate rarely obtuse chartaceous the sterile serrated ones the broadest olivaceous green and glossy on both sides, the margins at the superior base truncate parallel with the rachis, lower margin dimidiato- cuneate, sori continuous uninterrupted along both margins to their apex, stipes and especially the rachis rough with fer- ruginous hairs. (Tab. LXXIX. C.) — Siv. Sijn. Fil. (excl. syn. o/"Pteris lucida, Cav. ?J. Kze. in LintKBa, hi. p. 78 (who ad- duces here A. asperum, Desv., Pteris aspera, Poir. 8f Presl J. A. Poeppigianum, Presl, Tent. Pterid. {name). — B. major. — y. veins of the pinna) often anastomosing. (Tab. LXXIX. C. f. 4). Hab. Tropical America and West-Indian Islands. /3. Cayenne, LePrieur. — y. Caripi, near Para, R. Spruce, n. 39. — This is a common plant, and I have copious specimens from various tropical regions of the New World ; yet I can find it nowhere figured (unless Humboldt's A. varium, Nov. Gen. Am. t. 667, be the same, as I am sometimes disposed to believe it is) and no- where satisfactorily described. It is clearly allied to A. obliquum, Willd., in fomi and general aspect, but is generally larger, and at once distin- guished by the continuous line of fructification, of the length of the margin. I refer this to the little known or little understood A. lucidum, Swartz, that is, to his American specimen (for the Pteris lucida, Cav., from the Philip- pines, has probably nothing to do with it), because his character accords sufficiently well to justify me in doing so, and because Kunze, judging from his remarks in the ' Linnjea,' 1. c, seems to have the same plant in view for A. lucidum. He compares it with A. obliquum. Hook. & Grev. (A. Kaul- fussii, Kze.) Its affinity is indeed with that and with the true A. obliquum, W., but both those have interrupted sori. In size it is extremely variable, from eight or ten inches to two feet, as in some Guiana specimens. — My var. y. is a remarkable one, for it exhibits the closest affinity with the pre- sent species in everything but the frequent anastomosing of the nerves on all the leaflets. ADIANTUM. 5 7. A. Seomanni, Hook. ; caudcx creeping knotted sending down copious woolly roots, fronds ovate pinnated, pinnae few large 4 — 6 on long slender petioles obliciuely and broadly deltoideo-ovate acuminate not lobed coriaceo-menibrana- ceous, sterile ones closely and deeply inciso-serrated stri- ated with the copious veins dark brown green and glossy above glaucous and opaque beneath, sori contiguous short oblong or linear-oblong and elongated more or less combined and continuous hard and coriaceous, stipes rachis and pe- tioles black ebeneous and very glossy. (Tab. LXXXI. A.) Hub. San liOienzo, Verairuas, central America, Pacific side, Sccmann, 1838, n. 1 124. — All my specimens are simply pinnate, exhibiting no dispo- sition to be compound, or I should have arranged the species with the Pcnta- dacti/lon group ; though even among them there is nothing approacliing this in the almost coriaceous texture of the fronds, the deeply and spinulosely ser- rated margins of the sterileportions, the undivided (notlobed) margins and the confluent and often continuous lines of very unequal coriaceous involucres. In these particulars this fine species stands unique, and T have much plea- sure in dedicating it to its discoverer, who accompanied Captain Kellett in his voyages of research in the Pacific, in the quality of Naturalist, and de- tected this plant at Veraguas in JNIarch, 18;}8. Many of the pinnae are 4 inches long and 2h broad. Were the sterile pinnules entire, I could al- most consider it identical with A.plati/phyllum of Swartz and Kunze ; but I am quite puzzled with Kunze's specimens oi ^^ j)lati/])/u/lliuu,^' which, as before observed, are A. Kaulfussii, a species with whicli this has little affinity. 8. A. Phi/llitidis, J. Sm. ; frond broadly ovale or subor- bicular pinnate, pinna; 4 — 6 alternate petiolate large ellip- tical-lanceolate much acuminated opaque dark brown and coriaceous when dry, sterile ones unequally and obscurely serrate upper superior margin rounded at the base lower obliquely cuneate, veins forked free, sori continuous along both margins, petiole decurrent upon the rachis, stipes and rachis rough with ferruginous hairs. J. Sm. Fil. Schomb. in Hook. Land. Journ. Bot. i. p. 197. (Tab. LXXII. B.) Ilab. British Guiana, Sir Robert II. Scliomhirgk, n. 300. — Mr. J. Smith, the only author who has noticed this plant (and the f)nly specimens known are those from Sir 11. H Schomburgk), justly observes, "Tiiis is rather a pe- culiar Adianlum: the circumstance of the petiole not being articulated with the rachis gives the species such a distinct and very marked cha- racter, that in the absence of sori it would scarcely be considered an Adi- anium." In drying the pinnas become brown ; and the peculiar even- ness and smoothness of the surface convey the idea that in a fresh state they are fleshy. The venation is forked (not reticulate), indistinctly visible. In size and general appearance, and in the continuous sorus, the affinity is clearly with A. dolosiiin, Kzc, and our /I. Wilsoui. It would seem from a further remark of AFr. J. Sniitli, 1. c, that he considered Kunze had mistaken this for the hindstca macropluiUa, Kaulf. ; l)ut Kunze lias since shown that it was A.dolosuin, Kze. and of this work, wiiieh lie iiad con- O ADIANTUM. founded with (not taken for) Lindseea macrophylla. The one {A. dolosimi) has a reticulated venation, the other {A. Phylktidis) has not. 9. A. Wilsoni, n. sp. ; frond ovate pinnate, pinnae 3 — 7 alternate petiolate large ovate-acuminate (sterile ones sharply and irregularly serrated) coriaceous dark green above paler and slightly glaucous beneath, both the margins at the base more or less rounded but the sides unequal not cuneate, costa distinct and ebeneous at the base, veins forked here and there anastomosing, sori continuous on both margins and nearly to the apex, stipes and rachis ebeneous glabrous. (Tab. LXXII. A.) Hab. Shady, rather dry and gravelly places near Bath, Jamaica, Mr. Wilson. — I name this species in compliment to Mr. Wilson, the in- telligent Curator of the Bath Botanic Garden, Jamaica, from whom Mr. Smith and myself have received dried specimens as well as living ones, which latter are growing and fructifying vigorously in the stoves of the Royal Gardens. Although very distinct as a species, it seems to hold an intermediate rank between A. Phijllitidis of J. Sm. and the A. dolosum, Kze. Its stipes and rachis are glabrous, the surface of the pinnae is nearly as smooth and even as in the former, but occasionally the veins are slightly prominent. In the partial anastomosing of the veins the species approaches the latter : from both it is at once known by the broader and greener pin- nee, and the more rounded and more equal sides at the base. In cultiva- tion the young fronds are sometimes seen quite simple, cordate, and finely but unequally serrated, as represented at our fig. 1. of Tab. LXXII. A. l". {Veins everyivhere anastomosing, 10, 11). 10. A. dolosum, Kze. ; frond ovate pinnate (very rarely subbipinnate below), pinn® alternate very short-petioled sub- coriaceo-chartaceous olive brown and slightly glossy when dry large lanceolate or elliptical-lanceolate very much acu- minate almost caudate often falcate sterile portion serrulate, costa ebeneous at the base, the upper margin at the base rounded or truncated the lower one cuneate, veins everywhere anastomosing and prominent on the upper side in the dry state, terminal pinna the largest, sori continuous on both margins but leaving the much acuminated apex sterile, stipes and rachis ebeneous the latter especially slightly scabrous with rufous hairs. (Tab. LXXIX. B.) — Kze. in Linnxca, xxi. p. 219. Adiantum, w. sp. Hook, in Obs. under Lindsaea macrophylla, supra, v. i. p. 221. Lindstea macrophylla, Kze. Anal. Pterid. p. 37 (the plant only of Moricand, Blanch. 11. 2429 ; not the figure. Tab. 25, according to Kunze). " Kappl. n. 17G6," Hook. Gen. Fil. t. 63, and Ic. Plant, t. 193 [both incorrect as to the involucre, and the latter in the venation). Hub. Ilhios, Brazil, 5/a?jf/i(<. Surinam, A'rt^^p/e/-. Coast of El Equa- ADIANTUM. 7 dor, Scemiiim. — Our observations on llie IJndsaa vuicrophyUa of Kunzc, ' Analccta I'leridographica,' have elicited tlie fact that an Adianinm from Moricand (the phuit we had the ()i)]>orliiiiit) of inspectiii},') was confounded in that work with Knutfus' orii^inal plant, which tlie learned author as- sures us is a true Lindscea, as there described and iipured. He has now in the 21st volume of the ' Linnica ' rijihtly described the plant of Mori- cand as a new species of Adiaiidnii (Ilcuardia, J. Smith, on account of the copiously reticulated venation) under the name of ^. dolosum, and has ad- ded another sUlion for this apparently rare plant, namely, Mariepaston, in Surinam, where it was detected by Kapplcr. We, too, have had the good fortune to receive very fine specimens lately, collected by Mr. Seemann in El Equador, on the Pacific side of Tropical America. It is a most dis- tinct and very fine species. Some of Mr. Scemann's specimens have pin- n!E a span long (one pinna measures ei<>;ht inches ! and the broadest pinna is nearly two inches wide) ; so that it well deserves the title Kunze has given to it of "/'//i.r viemorabilis." 11. A. Hetvardia, Kze. ; frond broad irregular pinnate or below bipinnate, pinnules altcrnalo rather remote all peliolate more or less acuminate membranaceous olive brown when dry, the base unequal the upper margin rounded or trun- cate the lower cuneate, costa evident ebeneous below, veins everywhere anastomosing and forming irregular oblong hexagons, sori continuous on both margins generally to the very apex, stipes and rachis ebeneous glossy. — Kze. Schkh. Fit. SuppL p. 104, t. 49. Hewardia adiantoides, J. Sm. in Hook. Journ. of Bot. iii. p. 432 tah. 16, 17; and iv. p. ICl. Hook. Gen. Fil. t. 89. Hab. French Guiana, Martin, Le Prieur. — I am indebted to my friend Mr. Heward for my specimens of this rare i)lant, and it seems an ungrate- ful return to be instrumental in abolishing a Genus which he so richly merits ; but I confess I cannot see that it is agreeable to Nature to sepa- rate a Genus of Ferns on account of the mere anastomosing of the veins of the pinnae, unaccompanied by any peculiarity of character or by a difiereut habit. We have shown, too, that there are various grades of union of the otherwise dicbotomous veins in this genus. We allow that the affinity of this is with A. dolosum, in which the reticulation exists, though less pro- minent: it is equally allied to A. Wil.wni, in which the anastomosing character is still less apparent, and perhaps yet more closely allied to A. Phi/llilidis, in which the veins are all forked and free ! ** Sori suborbicular or ohlnng, itoi much elow/atcd, nor continuous (12 — 3*2). 12. A. Kaulfussii, Kze.; frond pinnate (very rarely below subbipinnate), pinna; alternate short-petioled chartaceous ovato-lanceolate obtuse or acuminate obscurely costate near the petiole the base above tnmcately cuneate below dimidi- ato-cuneate glossy above glaucous and opaque beneath, the sterile ones lobed and sen-ated, sori all along the upper and lower margins generally to the apex oblong curved approxi- mate rarely conlluent and continuous, stipes and rachis ebe- 8 ADIANTUM. neons more or less fusco-pubescent. Kze. in Linnoia, 1848, p. 221. A. obliquum, Sieh. Fl. Martin, n. 371. Kmilf. En. Fil. p. 200. Hook. 8^ Grev. Ic. Fil. t. 190, not Wilid. — ^. pinna) larger and broader. A. platyphyllum, Poep. Fil. Exsicc. in Herb, nostr. (not Sic, nor Kze. in Anal. Pterid. p. 31, /. 20). Hab. Tropical America, West Indies, Mexico. — jS. Amazon River, Poep- pig in Herb, nostr. — This also appears a well-marked species : the under side of the frond is, I believe, invariably glaucous. Myself and others had considered it to be the A. obliquum of Willd., but as that author says nothing of the glaucous hue, even in his full description, I the more rea- dily follow Kunze in his name of A. Kaulfussii. I am satisfied that the A. platyphylhnn from the Amazon, of Poeppig's Fil. Exsicc, is a mere variety of this. 13. A. obliquum, Willd.; frond oblong pinnate or very rarely below subbipinnate, pinnae alternate approximate short-petioled ovato-lanceolate obtuse or (especially the ste- rile sublobato-serrated ones) acuminated obscurely costate dark olivaceous green on both sides shining above, the mar- gin at the upper base truncate and parallel with the rachis the lower margin dimidiato-cuneate, sori numerous oblong ciu'ved occupying the upper and lower margin to the very apex rarely subconfluent, stipes and especially the rachis rough with ferruginous down. (Tab. LXXIX. A.). — A. obli- quum, Willd. Sp. PI. V. p. 429 (excl. syn. A. lucidum, Sw. and Pteris lucida, Cav.) Klotzsch, in Linna^a,'s.\m.p. 550. — ft. major ; pinnae longer and more acuminated. (Tab. LXXIX. A. f. 1). Hab. S. America, Porto Eico and Caraccas, Bredemei/er in Willd. British Guiana, Sir R. H. Schomburgk. Rich. Schomburgk, Klotzsch, in Herb, nostr. n. 1175 and 1127. — /3. Columbia, Pacific side, Cuming, n. 1202. Montague de Mahurie, Cayenne, Le Prieur (in Herb, nostr.) Tanaii, near Para, R. Spruce, Coll. n. 39.* Guadeloupe, L'Hermonnier, Herb, nostr. ex Herb. Paris. — My authority for this plant being the A. obliquum of Willd. is my valued friend Dr. Klotzsch, who has made tlie ferns the main objects of his study, and who is the able Curator of the Willdenovian herbarium. His plant, communicated to me, I believe to be truly distinct from what has been commonly taken for A. obliquum, although the chief character be the entire absence of any glaucous tint. What I here make var. /3. has longer and more acuminated pinnae, but does not appear to be otherwise distinct. It would seem to be a rare species, and I have given all the stations I know for it. It was not found in Mr. J. Smith's rich fern herbarium. 14. A. Cuben.se, Hook. ; caudex stout creeping scaly, fronds (a span long) lanceolate not rooting, pinnae alternate on short petioles chartaceous brown-green semiovate the lower base above truncated and parallel with the rachis, su- ADIANTUM. 9 ])erior margin lobcd, lobes bidciUate, sori rcnifonn between the incurved tcctli of each lobe, stipes and racliis ebeneous glabrous. (Tak. LXXIII. A.) Ilab. Cuba, Linden (1813-4), ii. 18«i7.— I do not liiul lliis anywhere do- scribed, but it seems a i)crfectl.v formed plant, with the slender lachis and petioles sucli as are seen in A. limulatuni, but with very diirercntly shaped pinna?, differently colored, having strongly toothed lobes even in fruc- tification, and a creeping scaly caudex. Can it be a simply pinnated form, with narrower pinnae, of" A. cristatum P 15. A. dcUoidcum, Sw.; ca;spitose (a span liigli) fronds linear-oblong ])innated (rarely bipinnate), pinna? menibrana- ceo-chartaccons rather distant pctiolate obliquely cordato- rotundate obscurely lobato-crenatc, iertile ones deltoid or obliquely deltoid angles obtuse, sori linear interrupted or son)e- times continuous nearly to the apex, stipes short ebeneous very paleaceo-hirsute at the base and a line of delicate chaffy hairs is continued up the front of the stipes and of the ebe- neous rachis. — Sw. Syu. Fil. p. 122. Fl. Ind. Occ. iii. p. 1705. Kze. Anal. Pf'erid. p. 32, i. 17,/. 2. Hab. Jamaica, on calcareous rocks, Swartz, Pinrlie, Mr' Nab. St. Do- mingo, Bcrtern. Crevices of rocks near the sea-shore, Cuba, Ji. D. Greene, Esq. — A most distinct and well marked species: the fructification is con- fined to the inferior and superior margins, not reaching quite to the apex ; and the truncated base, whence the veins diverge, has no sorus. Our spe- cimens are nearly all simply pinnate, which appears to be the normal cha- racter. Kunze's plant, from St. Domingo, represent^ a lower pinna again divided, as described by Swartz. Kunze compares the plant, and not in- aptly, to Ptcris ealomelanos in habit. Some of our specimens are thrice the size of the largest figured by Kunze. 16. A. Shcplterdi, Hook.; frond linear-oblong (a foot and more high) very much elongated slightly attenuated upwards and obtuse erect stiff, pinnte quite sessile densely imbricated chartaceo-coriaceous renifbrm oblicpiely inserted lower ones distichous upper ones all secund radiato-venose the veins prominent obscurely lobed when sterile, the fertile ones cre- nato-lobate with nanow incisions the margin thickened all round, involucres cordato-reniform inserted at the bottom of the narrow .sinus their margins membranaceous, stipes ? rachis ebeneous very glossy glabrous stout. (Tab. LXXIII. B.) Hab. Mexico, If. Bates, Es(/., 183}.— Of this singular plant I have but a solitary, and, I regret to say, imperfect, specimen, presented to me by my good friend Mr. Henry Shepherd, Curator of the Liverpool Bo- tjuiic Garden, whose knowledge and love of Ferns justly entitle him to the compliment of having it bear his name. The root and stipes arc wanting. All that I possess is figured at Tab. liXXIlI. B. The peculiar direction of the pinna may not be, and probably is not constant, but their fonu aud 10 ADIANTUM. texture, without the trace of a petiole, and their thickened margins, are (juite peculiar. The plant is of a firm and rigid habit, with a stout rachis, the upper part of which is wholly concealed by the arrangement of the pin- na*. I regret that the exact locality of this Fern in Mexico is not stated. 17. A. lobatum, Pr. ; "fronds oblong bipinnate pinnate at the apex glabrous, pinna) and pinnules alternate petiolate oblong lunate rotundate lobato-incised crenulate, terminal ones subtrilobed, sori solitary lunate, involucres reniform."' — Presl, Reliq. Hmik. p. 62, /. 10,/ 5. Hab. Mexico, Hcenke. — In size and general aspect tliishas so much the appearance of A. Galeottianum (from the same country) that I have been almost templed to make that a synonym of the present species ; but no- thing is said about the texture, which in our A. Galeottianum is thick and subcoriaceous, and where, moreover, the pinnules are much more orbicular, and the sori more numerous and less lunate. Presl has omitted the present species in his ' Tent. Pleridograph.' Professor Kiuize refers it to .4. Chilense. 18. A. Galeottianum, Hook. ; frond broadly lanceolate (a span long) pinnate lowermost pinnae again pinnate, pinnae subopposite all petiolate cordate or subrotund almost exactly equilateral coriaceous emarginate or truncated rarely sub- cuneate at the base the rest obscurely lobed with narrow sori- ferous sinuses, the margin slightly thickened all round, invo- lucres reniform-cordate subcoriaceous situated at the bottom of the shallow sinuses, racliis and stipes rather stout ebeneous glabrous. (Tab. LXXX. B.) Hab Mexico, near Oaxaca, elevation 3000 feet, Galeotti, n. 6561. — A very distinct species of Adianlurn, and not taken up by Martens and Galeotti in their Syn. Fil. Mexic. Indeed, it appears to belong to a col- lection gathered subsequently, if I may judge from the high number it bears. Its nearest affinity is perhaps with our A. Shepherdi, but the arrangement and insertion of the pinnae, as well as their shape, are very different ; and the almost exactly equal sides of these pinna) affords a striking character, especially among the coriaceous species of the Genus ; but is not iinfrequent in some of the thin herbaceous kinds, such as A. Chilense and scabrum, and there is an approach to it in the A. dclloideuui among the species with a firmer texture. 19. A. Ruizianum, Kl. ; " frond pinnate, pinnae large re- niform shortly attenuated into a petiole crenato-lobate, stipes and rachis compressed brown-black glossy glabrous, sori orbi- cular chestnut-brown glabrous." KL in Linn,'' (for iu those varieties of one and the same plant the fronds, and, especially, the stipes, are more or less clothed with fulvous hairs or chaff) : " it differs from all iu the inteffrity of the pinnae.'' On these grounds I give it as distinct, though we need more copious specimens to see that it does not pass into caudatum. The texture is more truly membranous than in that species : the nerves are the same, but though cons))icuous from the pellucid nature of the parenchyrae, they are not prominent on the surface : the fertile pinnae scarcely exhibit an appearance of lobes; and the contiguous sori form a pretty even line at the edge. 28. A. calcaremn, Gardn. ; fronds a span long pinnate ob- long or lanceolate tapering rooting and proliferous at the ex- tremity, pinnae membranaceous nearly sessile upper ones dimidiate subtriangular, lower ones flabellate all deeply cut into oblong or cuneate narrow emarginate lobes, involucres reniform occupying the notch on the lobes, stipes and rachis ebeneous glabrous the latter rooting. — Gardn. in Hook. Ic. Plant. V. t. 467. Hab. In clefts of calcareous rocks near Natividade, Province of Goyaz, Brazil, Gardner, n. 3551. — Although approaching to A. filifnrme, and to small specimens of A. dolabnforme, this appears really distinct, and, but for the tender, membranaceous and glabrous fronds, it resembles the East- Indian A. caudatum, which has the lower pinnae sometimes flabellate. 29. A. pumilum, Sw. ; "frond (small) pinnate, pinnae sub- rotund serrulate terminal one larger trapezoid, sori nearly so- litary on the superior margin." — Sw. Fl. Ind. Occ. \\\. p. 1703. Willd. Sp. PI. V. p. 431. Mart. Ic. Plant. Crypt. Brasil. p. 94, tab. rj6,f. A.—Plukn. Aim. t. 251,/. 4 {" hand male;' Mart.) Hab. Trunks of old trees and shady rocks, Jamaica, rare, Swartz. — This little Adiantum is quite unkown to me. I have seen nothing that corre- sponds with it from Jamaica, the only recorded station, unless in call- ing it a " planta Antillana," Martins should intend it to be understood as inhabiting the Antilles generally. The figure of Plukenet, quoted by Swartz and Martins, is recorded by the latter as " baud male." To me that figure, destitute of fructification, has more the habit of an Asple- nium than of an Aspidium ; and it is unfortunate that, although Mar- tius describes the fructification, he does not represent it, nor say from what source his specimens were derived. He gives the figure and the full character, to show its affinity to, as well as the distinguishing character of, his A. delicatulum ; but it does not help us to understand Swartz's pumilum. If it has, as Swartz and Martins describe (though not so figured by Plukenet), a filiform, creeping caudex, it cannot be closely allied to Martius's A. delicatulum. 30. K.Jiliforme, Gardn.; fronds a span or more long pin- nate lanceolate tapering almost all rooting and proliferous at the extremity, pinnae membranaceous small alternate petioled distinct rather obliquely and broadly cuneate lobed and fim- IG AUIANTUM. briato-serrate, young sterile ones obovate fimbriated, sori ro- tiindate terminating a toothed or toothless lobe, stipes short and the rooting rachis ebeneous glabrous. — Gardn. in Hook. Ic. IHaui. vi. /. 503. Hab. Shady clefts of sandstone rocks near the city of Oeiras, Province of Piauhy, Brazil, Gardner, n. 2391. Montagne de Mahiiri, Cayenne, Le Prieur (in Herb. Hook.) — Very different as it appears at first sight from A. dolahriforme, yet I must confess that recent investigation, and es- pecially specimens lately received from Mr. Seeman of the latter, as mentioned under A. dolahriforme, have shaken my confidence in this as a species. Our figure above quoted is, however, a faitliful representation. 31. A. delicatiiliwt, Mart.; " rhizoma very short simple, fronds small slender pinnate, petiole and rachis filiform pa- leaceo-pilose at the base, pinnic rather remote obovato-rhom- boid equally cuneate at the base, upper margin rounded incised and subulato-dentate, sori in the anterior margin so- litary or two orbicular-oblong." Mart. Ic. Plant. Crypt. Brasil. p. 93, t. 56, f. 2. Hab. On stones in warm shady places in the district of the river Japura, Brazil, Martins. — It appears evident from Martius's well-executed figures, that the young state of the frond only with a very small (and as represented) solitary, imperfect sorus was seen : in this state we have exactly the young substerile fronds of A. filiforme, Gardn. The plant has a very different appearance when the fertile pinnffi and the rooting rachis appear, as shown in Hook. Ic. Plant, f. 503. Martins compares his species with the little known A. fuiniliim, Sw. 32. A. rhizophytiim, Schrad. ; " rhizoma simple short, fronds pinnate, petioles paleaceo-pubescent elongated and rooting at the apex, pinnae glabrous subtriangular-flabelliform, the posterior margin straight, interior shorter, anterior rounded denticulate lobed and soriferous, lowermost ones wider and semiorbicular, sorophorous lobules linear-oblong glabrous." Mart. — Schrad. in Gott. Gel. Am. 1824. p. 872, n. 4. Mart. Ic. PI. Crypt. Brasil. p. 92, t. 62. Hab. Shaded rocky places near the river Paraiba. Felisbert, between Almada and Ferradas, Brazil, Martins. — I have not seen any species ex- actly resembling this, which the learned Martins compares with A. rhizo- phorum, Sw. It is, however, it must be confessed, very near to Gardner's A. ealcareum; so that were the pinnce of this latter plant entire, instead of deeply cut, and the sori longer, it would be identical with the present plant of Schrader, a species I believe, though published in 1824, not taken up by any author since, previous to Von Martins. § III. Fronds hipinnate, of tenin the ijounger stale pinnate. (3.3 — ). * Sori elongated, more or less continuous. (33 — 38 ) 33. A. incisuin, Pr. ; fronds pinnate and lanceolate or bipinnate and then triangular-lanceolate, terminal pinna ADIANTUM. 17 large pinnules approximate tapeinng upwards gradually to a small point chartaceo-membranaceous scarcely glossy, sterile ones large (2 inches and more long) acuminate lobed and serrated, fertile ones and those of the simply pinnated and those of the terminal pinna large (1^ — 2 inches), those of the lower pinna? much smaller, all lanceolate acumi- nate or acute arc uato- falcate coarsely serrated at the apex, upper base truncated parallel and close to the rachis often forming a sharp auricle, lower margin dimidiate, sori linear solitary arcuate generally confined to the base of the upper margin very rarely appearing on the lower, stipes ebeneous shining, rachis slightly rough with ferruginous hairs. — Presl, Reliq. HiBuk. ;?. 61, Tab. 10,/. 3. Hah. Guayaquil and Mexico, Hce^iAe; apparently entirely confined to the Pacific side of Mexico and Colunihia. I possess specimens, sent from Guayaquil, Solanga, Buba, and Gorgona, by Messrs. Jameson, Hinds, Bar- clay and Sceman. — Presl's figure is an admirable representation of this plant, in a state, intermediate, as it were, between the simply pinnate and the bi- pinnate form. In the more fully developed form, the pinnules of the lower pinnae have a good deal of affinity with A. pulverulentum, but they are more falcate, while the sterile pinnules and those of the terminal pinnse have quite a peculiar aspect, and are so large that I have measured some three inches long, they are singularly falcate and much and finely acuminated. I consider the species very distinct, and its circumscribed locality seems to strengthen the view of its being so. If it is a form of ^. pulverulentum it would be likely to appear in other parts of tropical America, where that species is so abundant. 34. A. ptdverulentum^ 1j. ; frond large (1 — 2 ft.) broadly ovate bipinnate, pinnaj lanceolate, pinnules close ninnerous gradually becoming smaller to the point shortly petiolate rather membranaceous than coriaceous full green glossy oblong di- midiate obtuse upper base truncate parallel with and close to the rachis lower ones deltoid uppermost ones very small narrow almost obovate, sori linear continuous only occupying the superior (or part of the superior) margin, rachis and stipes rough with ferruginous hairs. — Willd. Sp. PL p. M6. Stv. Syn. Fil. t. 119 {good). Plum. Fil. t. 5, f. 7. A. umbrosum, mild. Sp. PI. v. p. 447 (Pr.). A. monosoratum, IVilld. I. c. p. 445 ? A. Kunzeanum, Pr. Tent. Pterid. p. 157 .-' [name). Hab. West Indian Islands, frequent ; Tropics of America, as Mexico, New Grenada, Guiana, and Brazil. — A more tender and membranaceous plant than A. villosum, with smaller, more copious and much denser pin- nules, tapering gradually to the narrow point, obtuse, except when ste- rile and bearing a solitary line of fructification on the upper margin only, and generally not occupying the whole length of that. Presl makes a new species {A. Kunzeanum) of Kunze's A. pulverulentum from Cuba {Poeppiif) ; but as my specimen of Poeppig's plant in no way differs from the true jmlve- D 18 ADIANTUM. rulentum, I venliive to reduce Presl's A. Kunzeaitum to a synonyiii •» this place. — A. mkrophi/llum, Kaulf. and Kze. in Herb, nostr., Irom Cuba also (Poe;)^/^), much resembles small specimens of the present plant; but the stipes and rachis are truly mnricated. — The figure in Sluane of ihe A. ser- rulatum of Swarlz, Jam" 2, t. 37, f. 2, agrees with the simply pinnated forms of this species. 35. A.senuIatiu/i,L.; "fronds pinnate or bipinnate, pinnae oblong-lanceolate dimidiate truncate at the base serrulate, npper margin bearing the sori, stipes glabrous.'" — Willd. — Linn. Sp. PL p. 1557. Sw. Sijn. Fil. p. 122. FL Ind. Occ. iii. p. 1709. Willd. Sp. PL v. p. 436. Sloane, Jam. i. t. 35,y. 2 [frond simplt/ pinnate). Hab. Jamaica, Swartz. — I quote the synonyms, as I find them in Swartz and Willdenow. Plukenet's figure may be anything. Linnaeus only refers to Sloane, and that is really a good representation of an unbranched state of ^. pulverulentum. Presl does not notice this species. 36. A. villosum, L. ; frond large (1—2 ft.) bipinnate, ulti- mate pinnae longest, pinnules nearly sessile approximate or crowded oblong-ovate or ovate-lanceolate subcoriaceous glossy blacliish green obtuse or acuminate the lower margin dimidiate upper base truncate parallel with and close to the rachis, ultimate pinnule larger than the rest rhombeo-acumi- nate, sori continuous generally occupying the whole margin except the lower dimidiate portion, rachis and stipes rough with chaffy brown hairs. — Willd. Sp. PL v. p. 444. Swarts, Si/n. Fil. p. 124. Schk. Fil. lab. 120.-/3. sori very broad with the copious capsules. Hab. West Indian Islands, Trinidad, Jamaica, St. Vincent, Cuba, New Grenada, and Guiana. — ^. Trinidad, Lockhart. — The figure of Schkuhr above quoted is a faithful resemblance of a rather luxuriant state of this plant ; but more frequently the pinnules exhibit the form of what may be called an oblique parallelogram, and are then generally more crowded. I do not find that this is an inhabitant of Brazil or anywhere south of the line. Sloane's figure. Jam. vol. ii. t. 37, /. 2, is not a bad representation of a broad pinnated state of A. villosum, although quoted by Swartz and Willdenow for A.falcatum. From French Gu'iana {Le Pricur) 1 possess specimens with the fronds 2 — 3 ft. long, of a more membranaceous texture, the pinnules closer, the ultimate ones very small, the fructification often confined to the upper margin, in these latter respects seeming to pass into A. pulverulentum. There are indeed, I (ear, many intermediate states. My specimen of Poeppig from Cuba (Kze. in Linnaa, ix. p. 79) marked A. villosum., L. by Kunze, is clearly not the true plant, but A. trianc/ulatnm, Kaulf. 37. A. varium, H. R. K. ; " fronds pinnate and bipinnate, pinnaj trapezoideo-oblong acuminate sharply serrated subpe- tiolate glabrous, rachis hirsute with piliform scales, sori linear continuous." — H.B.K. Nov. Gen. Am. i. p. 16, and vii. t. ADIANTUM. 19 667. WUld. Sp. PL V. p. 435. A. fiuctuosuiu, Kze., and A. tetraphjlluni, Sieb., Sijn. Fil. n. 158 {according to Piesl). Hab. Near Caiipe, Venezuela, Humboldt. — Humboldt and Kunth say of this " an idem cum Adiunto villoso P" Willdenow says "ab A. villoso di- versum, fionde simpliciter pinnata bipinnalave, pinnulis non trapeziis acu- rainalis, soris semper continuis." — Presl retains it as a species, and refers to it A.fructuostim, Kze., and A. tctmphyllum, Sieb. Syn. Fil. n. 158. Of the latter I possess an authentic specimen, and have liltle hesitation in pro- nouncing it a small state of A. villosum, of which the plant under consider- ation is perhaps an unusually large form. 38. A.falcatiim, Sw. ; " fronds pinnate or bipinnate, pin- nules at the base above rectangular trapezoid acuminate fal- cate serrated at the apex, sori on the superior and anterior margin continuous." Sw. Si/n. Fil. p. 123. Fl. Ind. Occ. iii. p. 1715. Willd. Sp. PI. V. p. 435. Sloane, Jam. i. i. b^,f. 1. Pliiken. Aim. ii. t. 253,/. 1. Hab. Jamaica, Swartz. — This Swartzian species, again, like A. serrula- tum and denticulatum of the same author, is omitted in Presl's Tentamen PteridographifB. Sloane's and Plukenet's figures quoted l)y Swartz, and which are perhaps the best authority for the present plant, might, I think, be safely referred to A. villosum. ** Sori short, equal or nearly so {not continuous). (Sp. 39 — 54.) 39. A. obtnsum, Desv. ; 1 — 2 feet high (frond dark brown when dry) bipinnate, pinnae distant lanceolate attenuated scarcely acuminated, pinnules rather distant coriaceo-charta- oeous glabrous glossy above dimidiato-oblong very obtuse and rounded at the apex upper base truncated sometimes slightly falcate sterile ones denticulato-serrate in the upper margin and round the apex, sori copious approximate semi- oval or semiorbicular thick corneous extending round the apex, stipes ebeneous glabrous but a little rough to the touch, rachis ferrugineo-tomentose. — Desn. in Berl. Mag. p. 327. Hook et Grev. Ic. Fil. tab. 188. A. cassioides, Desv. [Kze). — /3, pinnules larger and more elongated and more obliquely cuneate at their base. Hab. Tropical America, frequent. Brazil, Gardner, n. 71, Guiana, Ja- maica, and other West Indian Islands. Cumana, Funck, n. 193, '■^ A. rhomboideum." Myubamba, Peru, Mathews. — /3. Trinidad, Baron de Schach, Lockhart. St. Vincent's, Rev. L. Guildinij. French Guiana, Le Prieur. Brazil, Gardner, n. 3550. Bay of Choco, West Coast of Co- lumbia, Hinds. — Characteristic as is the figure we have quoted in the ' Icones Filicnm ' of the ordinary state of the plant, yet I possess forms of it much at variance with that figure, having much larger, and in propor- tion much longer pinnules, with more copious sori; and Kunze observes (Linnaea, 1848, p. 223) of this fern, " Variat pinnulis majoribus et minori- bus, modo imbricatis (Ad. cassioides, Desv.) modo remotiusculis." Again the sterile plant has a still different appearance, with somewhat trapezoid pinna?, broader at the base, and much thinner texture. An indiflTcn nt spc- 20 AUIANTUM. cimen of this kind with very imperfect fructification, marked " A. Kunzei Miq. (Surinam),'' I possess from Dr. Miquel. Under A.nhtusum, Kunze, in ' Linnrea,' 1. c, refers to this, where he says in a note, " A. Kunzei^ Mi- quel in Diiiv. Inst. Reg. Bat. a. 1843, p. 5, f. I, et Ad. hirtum, Splitz. in Tydschr. voon Naturl. Gescheids, en Phys. t. 7, p. 40 (non Klotzch), sunt species mihi nondum visa?." 40. A. hirtum, Kl. ; rather small, fronds bipinnale, pinnro 10 — 14 or 15 linear-lanceolate acuminate patent, pinnules numerous dark green glaucous and concave beneath charta- ceous ditnidiately oblong very obtuse approximate villous with rufous hairs beneath truncated at the superior base, lowest pinnules subrhomboid, terminal one narrow trapezi- form superior margin and apex crenato-serrate, lobules sori- ferous, sori copious small close-placed, involucres oblong- reniform often jagged at the margin, stipes ebeneous nearly glabrous smooth, rachis ferruginous subtomentose. (Tab. LXXXII. A.) Klotzsch, in Linnaa, xviii. p. 563. " A. termi- natum, Kze. n. sp." Moricand, Herb. Braz. A. striatum, Hook, in Spruce, Herb. Amaz. n. 14 (non Schk). Hab. British Guiana, Richard Schomhurgk, n. W-M, Kl. in Herb. J. Sm. Surinam, Hoslman, n. 843 and 94, and Herb. Miq. n. 1172 {in Herb. Hook.). Brazil, Ilhios, Moricand. Para, Spruce, n. 14, var. P Panama, Seeinan (sterile. Pinnas glabrous). — I have drawn up my character and made the figure from Klotzsch's specimen ; and all my other specimens from the several localities above-mentioned precisely accord with it, save the var. ? noticed from Panama, which seems to differ only in having the pinnules destitute of any villosity. 41. A. Cai/ennense, WiWd. mst. ; large, fronds bipinnate, pinnge oblong-lanceolate subchartaceous acuminate patent, pinnules subdimidiato-oblong (almost aparallelogram) deorsely subfalcate full green very dense rather shining truncate at the base, superior margin and apex coarsely crenate serrulate in the sterile ones, lobides soriferous, involucres oval-oblong approximate regular 9 — 12, ultimate pinnule lanceolate much acuminated serrated, lowest ones flabellate, rachis stout densely clothed with rusty hairs, stipes triangular black with dense deciduous hairs. (Tab. LXI. A.). — Klotzsch, in Lin- n(ea, xviii. p. 552. Kunze, in Linnam, 1848, p. 223. Hab. British Guiana, i?i(A. Schomburffk,n. V201. Klotzsch in Herb. J. Sm. Surinam, Keppler. Dry sunny places, Serra de Araripo, Brazil, Gard- ner, n. 1906. — ^. pinnules narrower. British Guiana, Sir R. Schornburgk. Cayenne, Montague de Malveri, Le Prieur, in Herb, nostr. Tumaco, Cen- tral America, Pacific side. Hinds. Jamaica, Dr. Distin. — Whether this be a species or not, I feel no hesitation, (having seen an authentic specimen) in considering Mr. Gardner's ' Lindsaea,' n. 1906, as identical with it, and also in pronouncing some otherwise puzzling plants from Cayenne, Central Ame- rica and Jamaica, to be varieties having narrower pinna. It is a rather large species (frond H to 2 feet) with stipes and rachis stout, very tomentose. ADIANTUM. 21 (he pinnules close-placed, rather chartaceous than membranaceous, large (for this group), very obtuse, in shape, if I may so express myself, almost a four-sided parallelogram, but with a downward curvature (deorsum falcatse) : the sori moderately large, oval-oblong, close-placed, very regular, often ex- tending round the apex, and from 9 to 12 or 13 on a pinna. — A still smaller state of this plant, as I am disposed to consider it, is the A. Sckoinhurgkia- num, Klotzsch in Herb. J. Sm. n. 1184, from British Guiana. 42. A. Klotzscliinmim, Hook. ; large, fronds bipinnate, pinnaj lanceolate shortly acuminate, pinnules diraidiato-ob- long obtuse submembranaceous dark green (almost an oblique parallelogram) deorsely subfalcate, very obscurely crenate truncate at the uj)per base, the small blunt teeth soriferous, involucres exceedingly numerous oblong-reniform or semi-or- bicular approximate very regular 17 to 24, rachis slender compressed downy on the upper side dark purple shining and glabrous beneath, stipes long erect stout ebeneous with a faint line of hairs on one side, caudex creeping stout. (Tab. LXXXII. C.) A. tomentosum, Klotzsch, in LiinKBa, xviii. p. 553. Kze. in Linncea, 1848, p. 224. A. Brasiliense ? Hook. in Sprnce, Herb. Amaz. w. 51. A. politum, ./. Sm. in Hook. Lond. Joiirn. of Bot. i. p. 198 [not Humb.) Hab. British Guiana, Rich. Schomburffk, n. 1202, Klotzsch, in Herb. J. Smith). Sir R. Schomburgk, n. 349 (in Herb. J. Sm. and Hook., from the Berbice). Surinam, Keppler, n. 1773, c. (Kunze). — This I consider a very good, and it assuredly is a very fine species and worthy of bearing Dr. Klotzsch's name, to which, by the right of priority, indeed, it is by no means entitled ; but the appellation A. tomentosum is quite inajiplicable to a plant which has no further approach to touieutum than a delicate down or pubescence on the upper surface of the compressed rachis; whereas the preceding species, next to which Dr. Klotzsch has justly placed it, and its closest ally, A. Cayennense, Kl., have the rachis all over, and the stipes too, densely /msco- (paleaceo) tomentose. So that till I read the descriptions more carefully I imagined that the authentic names of the specimens in Mr. J. Smith's Herbarium had been transposed. Kunze, however, in the ' Linnaea,' 1. c, strangely separates these two plants, a, p. ;}51, IMiquel," \c. But whether lie thereby means it to be understood lliat A. letruphi/lluin should VOL. II. K 26 ADIANTUM. be considered a synonym of A. intermedium, or ihat it should rank next it, I do not know. 50. A.glaucescens, Kl. ; frond bipinnate, ])innsD about 5 — 9 1 ateral ones horizontal terminal one elongated, pinnules subpe- tiolate membranaceous oblong-dimidiate obtuse very glau- cous beneath lower margin straight for its whole length upper base truncate and parallel with the rachis upper margin when sterile scarcely lobed or serrated fertile one slightly lobed, sori on the lobes of the upper margin distinct but approximate, stipes and rachis slender black ebeneous very glossy and glabrous, rhizoma very short thick, fibres tufted. — Klotzsch in LimKea, 1844, p. 552, and in Herb. J. Sm. — ft. larger, less glaucous, rachis with very sparse minute chaffy hairs. Hab. British Guiana, Rich. Schomburgk {Klotzsch) and Sir Rob. II. Schomhurgk {in Herb, nostr.). French Guiana, {Delessert in Herb, noslr.) Xear Para, Brazil, Spruce, n. 46, and /3. No. 48, "Tanaii ad Rio Acara, juxtaPara.'' — The delicate membranaceous frond and slender, pjraceful, very glossy and glabrous stipes and rachis of this fern, with its obtuse and differently shaped pinnules, seem to distinguish it from A. intermedium ; and our Guiana specimens from two localities exactly correspond with Dr. Klotzsch's plant in Herb. J. Smith. Our No. 46, too, of Mr. Spruce from the Amazon, is equally identical, and the short thick rhizoma, tufted fibrous root (no creeping caudex), unknown to Dr. Klotzsch, would seem to confirm the specific identity. Our n. 48, from Mr. Spruce, however, from Tanaii (another 48 of the same able botanist is A. interme- dium), has a stouter stipes, larger frond and a few scattered hairs on the rachis, but otherwise agrees with ylaucescens : its root was not seen. 51. A. trinngulatum, Kaulf ; frond bipinnate, pinnae 5 — 9 terminal one elongated, pinnules subpetiolafe chartaceous dark green on both sides rather glossy ovato-oblong subfal- cate (curved upwards) obtusely acuminate obliquely cuneate at the base, upper base truncate and parallel with the rachis, sterile serrulate scarcely lobed, sori oblong nearly equal sub- lunate approximate, stipes triangular and rachis rather woolly with ferruginous hairs deciduous on the latter. — Kaulf. En. Fil. p. 204. Klotzsch in Linnaa, xviii. p. 552 {e.vcl. syn. A. fovearum, Raddi ?) A. villosum, Kze. Fit. e.vsicc. Poepp. [an Kze. in LimKBa, ix. p. 79.?) — /3. ? pinnules much larger and more elongated. Hab. Brazil {Kaulfus.i). Salango, Columbia, Hinds. British Guiana, Rich. Schomburgk {Klotzsch, in Herb. J. Smith, n. 252.) Jamaica, Wil- xon, Mc Nab. Guadeloupe, L'Herminicr. Cuba, Otto {Klotzsch, in Herb, nostr. n. 243.) Maynas, Peru, {Poeppig). Esmeraldas, Seemann. — 0. Trini- dad, Aldridge. — I am aware that Presl and Kunze consider the triungula- tum of Kaulfuss to be identical with A. intermedium, Sw., and /orearMTw of Raddi ; and though Dr. Klotzsch retains it as a species (distinct from inter- ADIANTUM. 27 7/iedium) he yet pronounces A. fovearum, Raddi, to be a synonym. If Dr. Klotzsch's specimens which we have received be the true plant of Kaulfuss, I am inclined to keep it separate from intermedium, though it is very closely allied. It still more nearly resembles the A. villosum, L. ; and our specimen from Maynas, gathered by Poeppig, is inscribed by Kunze with that name. The sori are, however, here copious and nearly equal, though contiguous, but not continuous. — What I call var. /3. ? may be something very different: it exists in Mr. J. Smith's Her- barium, and has the pinnules 2 inches and 2\ long, and narrow : in other respects it resembles our trianyulatum. 52. A. denticulatum, Svv. ; " fronds pinnate or bipinnate, pinnules trapezoid oblong acuminate subcrenato-denticulate the upper margin soriferous." — Sw. Fl. Ind. Occ. p. 1711. Syn. Fil. p. 123. Willd. Sp. PL v. p. 434. Adiantum lati- folium, Lam. Encycl. excl. syn. Plum. Fil. t. 52, simple. Pluken. Aim. ii. /. 252, /. 5, Sw., also simple and wilhout fructijication. Hab. Jamaica, Sicartz. IMarliuique, Plumier. — Most recent botanists are silent on the subject of this fern, and Presl excludes it from his cata- logue. The figures' referred to by Swartz are very unsatisfactory : both represent the fronds simi)ly pinnate, Plumier's figure alone has fructi- fication : each pinnule exhibits 3 large lunulate sori. Swartz notices its affinity with the A. serrulatum, for which Sloane's figure 1, t. 35,/. 2, is quoted, but which api)ears to be a simply pinnated state of A . pulvenden- turn, of the monosorous group. This would seem to have distinct and equal sori. 53. A. proximum, Gaudich. ; fronds bipinnate, pinna3 9 or 10 alternate, pinnules oblong dimidiate truncate at the base villous beneath, sterile ones with the superior margin and apex dentato-subserrate, serratures denticulate, fertile ones entire ovato-oblong obtuse, superior margin and a])ex sorife- rous, sori distinct oblong subreniform, stipes subglabrous, rachis villous, caudex creeping. — Gaudicli. in Freyc. Voy. Bot. p. 403. Hab. Brazil ; Rio Janeiro, Gaudichaud. — Said to form a sort of con- necting link between A. nllosum and serrato-deniatum, but having the sori free, numerous and subreniform, and consequently belonging to the polyso- rous group. 54. A. Lancea, Linn. ; " fronds pinnate (bipinnate, »SV/-.)pin- nae (and pinnules Stv.) opposite oblong, terminal ones trian- gulari-hastate." — Linn. Sp. PI. p. 1557, Stvartz, Syn. Fil. p. 1 23. Willd. Sp. PI. V. p. 440. Sieh. T/ies. n.p. 65, /. 64,/. 78. Hab. Surinam {Sieber). — Liuuseus seems to have taken this up wholly from Sieber's figure, and no modern author appears to be acquainted with it. 28 ADIANTUM. § IV. Fro7td pedateli/ tripartite * {all jwlysoroun). (Sp. 55 — 65). 55. A. pedatum, L. ; frond flabelliform bipartito-pedately divided tripinnate, secondary pinnoe lanceolate, pinnules membranaceous dimidiate oblong antrorsely subfalcato broad- est at the superior truncated base very obtuse lowest ones triangulav-cuneate all petiolulate, superior margin obtusely lobed, lobes soriferous, sori oblong rarely curved, stipes and rachis ebeneous glabrous. — Linn. Sp. PL 1557. Sw. Syn. Fil. 121. Schkuhr, Crypt, t. 115. Willd. Sp. PL v. p. 438. A. boreale, Pr. Tent. Pterid. p. 158. Hab. North America, Virginia to Canada (Lake Huron), N. West Ame- rica ; California {Douglas, Barclay) to Silka, Barclay. Unalascbka, Chaniisso. Northern India, Kamoun, i)r. Waliich. J umnotxi, Dr. Can- tor.— A very handsome species : the perfect frond is bipartite, each primary ramification spreads and is recurved, bearing on the upper side several se- condary pinnae, the ultimate one (or apex of each primary ramification) is forked. The specimens, from Northern India, are identical with those of the New World. The Unalascbka plant is referred confidently by Kaulfuss to A. pedatttin, although Presl has named it as a distinct species. It is probably the same as the Sitka plant, and there can be no question of its identity with ours. 56. A. tetragonum, Schrad. ; " caudex creeping, frond pe- dato-tripinnate, stipes tetragonous slightly furfuraceous, rachis pubescenti-paleate, tertiary pinnae (or the pinnules) ovate much acuminate, superior base rounded inferior cuneate both margins subincised, lobes truncated soriferous the point naked (not soriferous) serrated, sori linear." — Mart. — Schrad. in Goett. GeL Arnz. 1824, p. 872, n. 8. Mart. Ic. Plant. Crypt. Braz. p. 93, t. 63. Hab. Brazil ; Woods of Bahia, between Almada and Ferradas, Mar- tins.— Martius has devoted a large quarto plate to a beautiful coloured re- presentation of this fine species, which evidently belongs to the same group as the well known Ad. jiedatvm, and has a pedately tripinnate frond and large membranaceous pinnules: these pinnules are straiglit and much acuminate, the two margins nearly alike (little obliquity in the lower) and both are soriferous with long (sometimes a line in length) linear straight sori, very unlike any in the pedately divided group. No specimen has ever come under my observation, nor that of Mr. J. Smith ; nor has any botan- ist noticed it, besides Schrader and Martius. 57. A. curvatnm,KsL\i\i'.; frond subflabellate pedately and dichotomously divided tripinnate, secondary pinnae very * The majority of the species of this group correspond well with this character. A. Le Prieurii is anomalous, from its reticulated or anastomos- ing venation : A. affine passes into the ordinary tripinnate or decompound form. ADIANTUM. 29 broad ovato-lanceolate acuminated, pinnules very shortly pe- tiolulate (almost sessile) bright green rather firmly membrana- ceous dimidiato-oblong or lanceolate very obtuse or more or less acuminate deorsely falcate (rarely straight) broadest at the superior truncated base (but which is obtuse or rounded off), superior margin and apex serrated and slightly lobed, lobes soriferous, sori on tlie upper margin only linear or nar- row-oblong straight angled, stipes on one side and the rachis moderately but distinctly pubescent. (Tab. LXXXIV. C). — Kaulf. En. Fil. p. 202. Link Fil. Hort. Reg. Berol. p. 68. Hah. Brazil (Kaulfuss). Dry woods, Sierra de Santa Brida, Prov. of Goyaz, Brazil, Gardner, 4074. — I liave drawn my description mainly from dried specimens and living plants sent from the Botanic Garden of Berlin, with which Mr. Gardner's plant quite coincides. It is clearly a good species, that is, different from any other that has come under Mr. Smith's or my observation ; but as I have already observed, A. angustatum, Kaulf. (also from Brazil), is probably a mere form of it; possibly, too, A. humile, Kze. ; and, if any of the pinnules bear sori on the lower as vvell as the upper margin (which I have never found to be the case) it would ap- pear almost identical with A. tetmgonum, Schrad. and Martins, Ic. PI. Crypt, t. 63. 58. A. hiimile, Kze. ; "frond subpcdate, branches 3 — 5-pin- nate, pinnae oblong dimidiate subfalcate superior base trun- cated, auricle obtuse dentated, lower base nearly straight, superior and exterior margin of the sterile ones sharply ser- rated, of the fertile ones crenated, sori oblong distinct, rachis and stipes short paleaceo-hispid." — Kunze,in Linncea,\x. p. 80. Hab. Woods of Huallaga, Province of the mission of Tocache, Poeppig (Ku7ize). — "Nearest to A. curvattim, Kaulf. Enum., which differs in the superior base of the pinnule being rounded, not auriculated, in the margin being inciso-dentate, the lacinice soriferous. Scarcely a foot high ; stipes nearly equal in length to the frond." — Kze. I. c. 59. A. patens, Willd. ; frond flabelliform bipartito-pedately divided tripinnate, secondary pinna) lanceolate obtuse straight, pinnules chartaceous (brown when dry) dimidiate-oblong very obtuse generally straight sometimes deorsely falcate, upper base truncate sterile ones crenato-lobate the sinuses (4 — 5 on a pinnule) soriferous, involucres reniform-orbicular large with a deep sinus at length coriaceous pale and submembranace- ous at the margin, stipes and rachis ebeneous very glossy tlie latter pubescent. — Willd. Sp. PI. v. p. 439. Klotzsch, in Linncca, xviii. p. 556. (Tab. LXXXV. A.). Hab. Caraccas, Bredciiicgrr ; Cerro dc Pinal, on the Pacific side and 30 ADIANTUM. Island of Salango, Seemann. Acapulco, £>?•. Sinclair. Sta. Martha, Fnnck, 71. 442. — For my finest specimens of this I am indebted to Captain Kellett, K. N., commanding H. M. Surveyinjr ship " Herald,'' who much contributed to the success of the naturalist, Mr. Seemann, in a four years' cruize in tlie Pacific, durinjr which, two voyaf^es were made to the Arctic regions hy Beh • ring's Straits in search of the gallant Franklin and his officers and crew. The species was sent home by Mr. Seemann from the two localities above mentioned. In its regular pedato-flabellale ramifications it most resembles yl. jmlatum; but the whole plant is smaller, there are fewer branches, the form and texture of the pinnules are difi'erent, and the fructification is totally at variance with that of A. pedatian. The involucres are singularly large' for the size of the pinnules, at length thick and coriaceous in the disk, but remarkably depressed there. In the ramification and form of the involucres the species exhibits the closest affinity w^ith A.pubescens ; where, however, besides the pubescent character of the pinnules, their shape is different, much more obtuse, and not glaucous beneath, and the involucres are much smaller and more numerous. 60. A. Lindscca, Cav. ; " frond petlate, branches pinnate, lower pinnae rotundate, superior ones trapezoid, sori linear, stipes glabrous." IVilld. Sp. PL v. p. 439. Siv. Sf//t. Fil. p. 121. Hab. Quito {Cavanillea). — I have never seen any Adiantum from Quito, corresponding with this brief character, though the ferns of that region are tolerably familiar to me through the kindness of Professor Jameson. Nor does any author, since Cavanilles' time, speak of it from his own knowledge. 61. A. angustatum, Kaulf. ; "frond pedate, branches pin- nate, pinnae linear-lanceolate, superior base truncate, inferior subdiraidiate serrated at the apex, superior margin inciso- dentale, segments soriferous, stipes pubescent." Kaulf. En. Fil. p. 202. Hab. Brazil, (A'aM//?(s.«). — "Pinnas thin (tenucs) full green, lower ones half an inch long, deltoid, the rest an inch and a half long, 3 lines wide at the base.'' — This character and brief description accord with some of the states of our A. curvatinn having narrow pinnules ; and it is probably only a variety of that species. 62. A. Jlahelhdatum, Linn. ; frond flabellate bipartito- pedately divided tripinnate, secondary pinnae lanceolate acuminated, pinnules glabrous subcoriaceo-chartaceous ob- liquely cuneate or seraiorbicular-cuneate superior base truncate superior margin 2 — 4-lobed (and serrato-dentate in the sterile ones, lobes soriferous, involucres large the breadth of the lobe oblong straight rarely a little curved hard coriace- ous), stipes (elongated) cbeneous scabrous below, the rest as well as the slender rachis glossy and glabrous. — /./;///. Sp. PI. p. 1558. Sw. Sijn. Fil. p. 121. IVilld. Sp. PI. v. p. ADIANTUM. 31 440. A. fuscnm, Relz Obs. ii. p. 28, t. 5. A. amoenum, Wall. Cat. n. 78. Hook, et Grev. Ic. Fil. t. 103. Pliiken. Aim. I. 4,/. 3. Hab. China, Osbeck, Becc/iei/, Oman, Vachel. Nepal, Srinuggur and Kamoun, Walliclt. Assam and Khasiya, Malacca, Griffith. Ceylon, Gardner. Java, Lobh, Zollinger. — The firmer texture, the short often quite cuneate and broad pinnules, but especially the elonj^ated sovi (resemblinjj^ those of A. obtiisinn) readily distinguish this fern from all the pedate species. It is probably a native of all the warmer parts of India and China. 63. A. hispidulum, Svv. ; frond narrow flabelliform bipar- tito-pedately divided tripinnale, secondary pinnae linear-lan- ceolate acuminate falcate, pinnules chartaceous rigid close dimidiate oblong-cuneate olive brown when dry glaucous be- neath striated pubescenti-hirsute especially beneath (often glabrous) subspinuloso-serrate, superior base truncate apex obtuse, sori copious small on the up})er margin and reaching to the apex (on almost every pinnule) 7 — 11 on each pinnule in the sinus of the serralures, involucres orbicular-cordate hispid or glabrous convex, stipes triquetrous ebeneous sca- brous, rachis ebeneous hispid or pubescenti-scabrons. Sw. Syn. Fil. p. 124 and 321. Willd. Sp. PL v. p. 444. Br. Prodr. p. 155. A.pubescens, Schkr. Fil. 108, /. 116, (a good general reseinblance). Willd. Sp. PI. v. p. 439. A. peda- tum, Forst. Prodr. p. 83, //. 458, [not Linn). A. nervosum, Siv. Si/n. Fil. p. 123. Willd. Sp. PI. v. p. 443. A. plica- tum, Kaidf. En. Fil. p. 201. A. scabrum, Wall. Cat. n. 79. A. flabellulatum, Wall. Cat. n. 2177, {not Linn.) Hab. Society Islands, Forster (in Herb, nostr.), Beechey, Barclay, Cum- ing, n. 1415, Mathetvs, n. 11. Austro-Caledonia, Labillardiere. New Hol- land, Port Jackson to the Tropics, Brown, Fraser, Cimningham, Cloives, Mitchell, n. 184 and 3.39, Sieber, Sinclair. Dunk Island, Dr. Mc Gil- livray. New Zealand, Fraser, All. Cunningham, Colenso, Sinclair, Hooker, Lyall. Norfolk Island, All. Cttnningham, Dr. Falconer, Dr. Vaughan Thomnrm. Ceylon, Mrs. Genl. Walker, Gardner. Bourbon, Capt. Car- michael. Herb, nostr. (ex Herb. Paris). Mauritius, Telfair, Wallich, ^-c. East Indies; Dindygul, elev. 1500 — 2000 feet. Dr. Wight in Wall. Cat. n. 2177. Neilgherries, Gardner. Java [Hoffmansegg, in Herb, nostr.) Am- boyna, (in Herb, nostr.). — Few Ferns are better marked than the present, few less understood, and few more widely dispersed, judging from speci- mens in my own herbarium. I possess one marked " Chacapoyas, Peru ;'' but I do not venture to give the station without expressing my doubt if there be not some error. {Veins every tvhere anastomosing.) 64. A. (Hewardia) Le Prieurii, n. s. ; frond subcordate 3-2 ADIANTUM. dichotoraously radiating pedately tiipinnate, pinnules ap- proximate peliolulate unequally semiovate obtuse (sterile apices acuminate and slightly serrate) crenato-lobate membra- naceous, veins anastomosing opaque olive-brown the base obliquely cuncate, sori linear-oblong on each lobe rarely on the lower margin. (Tab. LXXXU. B.) Hab. Beibice, Sir R. H. Schomhnrgk. Moist declivities of the mountain Matouri, at Notaille and Oyapocb, French Guiana, Le Prieur (who sends it marted " A. trapeziforme.''' — A most distinct and well defined species, having the mode of growth of A. pedatum, and almost equally membrana- ceous pinnae. These pinnae when dry assume a dark olive-brown colour. Each lobe is truncated and terminated with a transverse linear oblong sorus. The veining is very apparent, frequently anastomosing ; so that this would be a Hewardia if that genus were tenalile, and if the character were derived wholly from the venation. {Indistinctly pedate.) 65, A. affiiie, Willd. ; frond subpedately bi- more rarely tri-pinnate, pinnae lanceolate acuminate slightly falcate lax, pinnules very membranaceous olive-brown (when dry) dimi- diate broadly ovate-rhomboid obtuse cuneate at the base, superior base tnuicated sometimes retrorsely subfalcate gla- brous except a few scattered slender stiff hairs or setula^, superior margin and round the apex crenato-lobate, the deep sinuses soriferous, involucres rather small 7 — 8 on a pinnule orbicular-reniform or orbicular-crescent-shaped submembra- naceous, stipes triquetrous and slender, rachis ebeneons glossy glabrous. — rr///(/. .S"/?. PI. v. p. 448. Endl. Prodr. Fl. Noif.p. 14. All. Cunn. Bot. Nov. Zeal, in Hook. Cowp. Bat. Mag. ii. p. 366. A. trapeziforme, Forst. Prodr. p. 83, n. 460. Schkh. Fil. t. 121, {not Linn.) A. setulosum, J. .Sw^. in Bot. Mag. Camp. 1846, p. 22. Hab. New Zealand, Forster, All. Cxmningham, J. D. Hooker (in damp woods. Bay of Islands). Norfolk Island, Bauer, and Dr.Mc William, (who introduced living plants to the Royal Gardens). — A delicate, flaccid species, not ill figured by Schkuhr, 1. c, but by some blunder stated to be a native of Jamaica, in consequence, no doubt, of its having been named " trape- ziforme^'' a known tropical American species. Mr. J. Smith delected one of its best characters, though a very minute one, and quite microscopic; " It differs" he says, 1. c, " from A. pubescens {A. hirmtulum, Sw.) among other marks, in being furnished with twelve or more black bristle-like hairs (they might be called black aciculi) which are produced between the veins on the upper surface, towards the lower margin and apex of the pinnules, with a few on the underside." A.fulvum, Raoul, is a considerably larger and fiiTTier and stouter plant, with much smaller pinnules of a totally different texture, deeper sinuses for the sori, and a very rougli stipes and rachis. ADIANTUM. 33 § IV. Fnmih tripiniuile or decompound. {Sort almost inrariabli/ short, equal or nearli/ so, rarrli/ continuous or elon- gated, as in A. speciosuin and fumarioitles.) * Trapeziformef yroupe. (Sp. 6G — 72.) CG. A. tnipezf/ortfto, L. ; glabrous, frond large supra-de- compound, ))inuulcs large chartaceo-niembranaceous glaucous beneath all petiolate obliquely rliombeo-cordatc acuuiinate lobed the a])ex (and often the sterile lobes) inciso-serrate upper base truncate, inferior base very oblique lobes sorife- rous, involucres oblong-reniform, stipes racliis and pedicels ebeneous intensely black. Sw. Si/n. Fil. p. 29. IVilld. Sp. PL. V. p. 447. A. rhoniboideuni, Schkh. 1 14, /. 122, {(jood). A. pentadactylon, Laiff/sc/. el FlscJt. Ic. Fil. p. 22, /. 25, [excel- lent). Hook, el (.'rcr. Ic. Fil. I. 98. A. eniinens, Pr. Pterid. p. 155, and Reliq. Hank. (a.sA. trapezi forme). A. Klotzchi- anum, Pr. Tent. Pterid. p. 158 ? A. formosissimum, Klotzsch in Linnmi, xviii. p. 550. Shane Jam. i. /. 59, {reri/ ijood). — &. pinnules smaller obtuse. Plum. Fil. t. 9b.— y. pinnules ap})roximate subobloug obtuse. Hab. West Iiidiciii IsUuuls Jamaica, Cuba, /-i»i(/<'M, ??. lyoS). Mexico, Galeotli, n. H338 (jiinnae ol'teii loug-er and navrowev). Cenlial America, Pacific side, Sceman. Caraccas and Brazil, frequent. — ,3. Mexico, near Vera Ciuz, Linden, n. 70. y. Cordillera of Vera Cruz, Mexico, Galeotli, n. 6338. Cuba, Poeppig (Kunze in Herb, nostr). Guatemala, Skinner. — This fine species, from 2—4 feet liioh, has been iniicli misunderstood, mainly owing to sufficient allowance noi being made for those variations to which' Ferns, in general, seem peculiarly liable. Our best authority for this particular species is the figures quoted by Linna-us. Anu)ng them is Sloane's Jamaica,!. 59, whose description seems to have suggested the speci- fic name " A. nigrum ramosum maximum, foliismagnis trapezii in modum figuralis,'' and this figure Linnaeus pronounces "bona." He further quotes Plumier, Fil. t. J)5, which Willdenow undertakes to pronounce " mala ;'' but we will venture to say, that although il does not well exhibit the character of the normal form of yl. traprzifonne, it does that of a com- mom state of the sjiecies. Willdenow, however, and projierly, brings as a synonym to A. Irapeziforme the A. rhoinboidtinn of Sclikuhr, t. 122; l)ut that author, Schkuhr,'excludes the figure ol' riuniicr altogether. Iluin- boldl and Kunth have an A. rhomboidenin, which has nothing to do with Schkuhr's rhomboideum. This latter Dr. Klotzsch, in his notes on the Ferns of.S)quinoclial America (Linnaea, xviii. p. 55(3) lakes up, as an entirely new species, under the name oi' formosissimum, aiul places in a difierent section from his yl. /\')Hi7'aM»iH, 1. c, p. 555, which is closely allied to the true trapeziforme. — The A. Irapeziforme of Schkuhr, Tab. CXXI. b, said to be a native of Jamaica, is quoted by Willdenow as the A. affine of New Zealand, upon what authority is not slated, but it is very unlike any New f This and the following grouiiesarc merely not lev l)ass into other forms and jiossess no decided I J. Ills itlll.t lilt; millMVIIIJ^ J^IUU (it.-5 lllC IIH.1V IJ ii\7»,v\i »*o mvto ».v^ *•.*.' SllUlCUl . they ])ass into other forms and jiossess no decided marks. VOL. II. F 34 ADIANTUM. Zealaud Fcni wiih which I am actitiaiiited. — Var. ^. I consider a less per- fect form of trapezifinme, with smaller, rounder, more entire, and blunt pinnules. — Our y. has the pinnules more approximate, more spreadiuj;, almost horizontal, the inferior oblique base cut oft' as it were by a much longer line, and hence the lorm of the pinnse rather approaches to oblonpf; but intermediate gradations exist in our herbarium among some speci- mens; and U])on these varieties themselves there are, here and there, cor- dately rhomboid pinnules. Our specimen of A. trapeziforme of Cuba, Poeppig (from Kunzc), evidently belongs to this variety, which may, I think, be seen to pass inio our next species, A. cultratum, chiefly differ- ing by iis blunt pinnules. ()7 A. ciillratum, J. Sm. iiist. ; frond amjjle decouipouiul, pinnules chartaceo-menibianacoous approxiniato peliolate (upper ones shortly so) spreading nearly liorizontally oblong obliquely rhomboid very obtuse lobed and subincised upper base truncate and parellel witli the rachis lower base elon- gated and arched (rarely straight) lobes soriferous, involucres oblong-renilorm, stij)es rachis and pedicels ebeneous intensely black. A. cultratum, {an Pr. Teni. Pierid. ? p. 157). J. Snt. Herb. Hab. St. Vincent, Macrae, in J. Sm. Herb. St. Catharine's, Brazil, Ami- strong. — Were this and the normal f(U'm ol A. trapeziforme only to be seen, few would hesitate in pronouncing them two good and distinct species. But with the large suite of specimens we have the good fortune to possess, a passage to this from A. trapeziforme, through Galeotti's n. 6338, and our var. y. of the latter species to the present, may without much difficulty be traced ; indeed it differs from the last-mentioned variety of A. tra))ezifr)rme in little else than the very obtuse pinnules. The narrow and oblong, and spreading and approximated pinnules give the peculiar feature; but in our A. cultratum some of the pinnules approach very nearly to cordato-rhomboid. 68. A. siihcordalum, 8\v.; fronds ample supradecouipound, pinnules large chartaceo-membranaceous glaucous beneath all pctiolate obliquely rhombeo-cordate acuminated slightly lobed the lobes equal approximate sometimes nearly entire sterile portions more or less inciso-serrate or entire u])per base truncate lower very oblique angles obtuse, sori reniform copious ap])roximate, stipes rachis and pedicels ebeneous in- tensely black. " Sw.'" Spreng. Syst. Veget. iv. p. 114. A. betidinnm, Kaiilf. En. Fil. p. 207. A. truncatum, Raddi., Fil. Brasil. p. 59, t. 78,/. 1 [pinnules less acuminated than in vnj specimens). A. Klotzschianum, Presl, {specimen from Dr. Klaizsch). flab. Brazil, C/iamisso and others. Gardner, n. 197 (A. penladactylon. not Langsd. awl Fisch.) and n. r)2f)!), A. suhcordaliuii (with pinnules rather more lobed and approaching to A. trapeziforme). — In deference to other botanists, rather than froni my own conviction, 1 retain this as a species. I ADIANTUM. 35 think Mr. Gardner's n. 5299 may be considered just intermediate between A. trapeziforme and A. snbcordatum. 69. A. Peruviannm, Kl. ; fronds ample decompound, pin- nules very large chartaceous sliglitly glaucous beneath all petiolate obliquely trapezoid obtuse (rarely acuminate) the angles rounded superior margin duplicato-crenate lobules soriferous, sori approximate reniform, stipes rachis and pedicels ebeneous intensely black. (Tab. LXXXI. C.) Kl. in Li)i)i(ca, xviii. p. 555. A. populifolium, J. Sin. mst. Hab. Peru (Vitoc, Herb. Ruiz and Pavon, KlotzscK) ; Malhews, n. 1854. — This is, in every respect, a much stouter and more rigid plant than A. trapeziforme or A. suhcordatum, with llie pinnae coriaceous, 2^ and 3 inches loup:, and almost exactly trapeziform, their two lower sides, however, more or less unequal, the upper sir. /mray. Jamaica, Dr. Wright. — A very universally diffused and well-marked species, varying-, however, like many other Ferns, in the general outline and the more or less deeply cut pinnules. 74. A. JEilh'iopicum.) Linn. ; frond oblong-ovate Iriquadri- pinnate, pinnules sub- or quite meinbranaccous glabrous sub- orbicular suddenly and obliquely cuneate at tlic base into a rather and very slender petiolule, sujierior margin more or less lobed, lobes shallow emarginate, the siiuis or notch of the lobe soriferous, sori rather large 2 — (> on a pinnule, invo- lucres oblong-lunulate, stipes and slender rachis everywhere ebeneous shining and glabrous. (Tab. LXXVII. A.) Linn. Sp. PL p. 1560. IVilld. Sp. PL V. p. 452. Six^arfz, Si/ii. FiL p. 125. Pluk. Aim. x. t. 253,/ 2 {bad). A. thalictroides, IVilld. Herb, in Schimp. Herb. Abyas. n. 19, {i/rrolucres while). A. pellucidum, Mart, et Galeol. FiL Mex. p. 272, /. 19. Hal). South Africa, frequent. Tristin d'Acunha, Carmivhuel . Mada- gascar, Dr. Li/all. Abyssinia (exactly resembling in colour and rather firm texture the A. as.nmile of Australia). Neilgherries (Sir F. Adam). South America, not unfrequent; Quito, Jamesow, n. 56 and 209 (pinnules of a firmer texture). Peru, Mathews, n. 3205. Guatemala {Skinner) and Mexico, GaleoUi, n. 65(52 ; Hartweg, n. 1624. Caraccas, Lindeji, n. 81. Brazil, Sellow, Hinds, Boog. Mendoza, Gillies. — Evidently allied to small-pinnulcd spe- cimens of ^. Capillus-Veneris, but truly and constantly distinct ; firstly, in the more orbicular and less sharply and gradually attenuated base of the pinnules, and secondly, in the fructification, the sori here being placed in the sinus of a notch in the lobe, and the involucres quite broad, lunate or reniform (not occupying the whole apex of a lobe). It is true the Cape of Good Hope is the only station assigned for this plant by Willdcnow; but I cannot myself see how the ferns I have here adduced from other localities, both of the Old and New World, can be distinguished from it ; and in order that others may judge of one from a S. American locality, I give a figure of that, considering it to be true ^thiopicum, from Guatemala. 75. A. assimile, Sw. ; "fronds supradecompound quite gla- brous, pinnides rhombeo-subrotund inciso-crenulate in the anterior margin, sinuses narrowed and soriferous, involucres reniform, rachis and stipes very smooth." Br. — Sw. Syn. FiL p. 125 and 322, /. 3,/. 4. Willd. Sp. PL v. p. 453. Br. Prodr. FL Nov. Holl. p. 155. A. trigonum, Labill. Nov. HolL ii. p. 99, l. 248,/. 2. Willd. Sp. PL v. p. 453. Hab. Van Diemen's Land, Labillardiere, Gunn, J. D. Hooker and others. New South Wales. Port Jackson, Brown and others. Encounter 38 ADIANTUM. Bay, Whitaker. Subtropical New Holland, \r\X,er\o\, Major Mitchell, n. 340 ami n. 1S3. Swan River, Drummond. E. Coast, tropics, All. Cunning- ham (pinnules a little larger than usual). New Zealand, Northern Island, Coleiiso, Dr. Sinclai?; J. D. Hooker, Ike. — I retain this Adiantum as a species with much hesitation, and out of respect to others ; for I do not myself see how il can be dislinsjuished from some of the common forms of A. JElhiopicnm, a very widely disjjersed fern, as T have already shown, both in the Old and in the New World, and therefore not unlikely to exist in Australia and New Zealand. Our copious specimens are generally of a brighter green and of a firmer texture than is usual in the dried specimens of that species ; but the prevailing form of the pinnules and the position and shape of the involucres are alike in both ; so that, had no A. axsimile been published, I should without hesitation have referred the Australian plant to JEthinpicum. Swartz, with whom the species originated, only alludes to its affinity with A. fragile " sed laxius, stipite longiore, fronde minus divisa el piunuiis minima basi cuneatis.'' His figure, it will be seen, is a good representation of A. ^thiopicum. Labillardiere's description and figure of A. trigonnm, 1. c, equally well accord with A. Aithiopicinn, and that Jlr. Brown has rightly referred to Swartz's assimile ; while of this A. tri- goninn Willdenow observes, " valde simile A. ^thiopico, sed chanicteribus indicatis diversum:" yet in his specific character there is nothing whatever to distinguish it, — " frondibus triplicato-pinnatis, pinnulis subrotundo-rhom- beis obtuse trilobis apice crenatis, indusiis lunatis, stipite trigono." Were I myself to frame a character it would be verbatim that of jEthiopicum. 76. A. pulchellum, Bl. ; "fronds divaricated triplicato- pinnate membranaceous glabrous, pinnules peliolate trapezoid obtuse crenulated at the upper margin, lowest ones obovato- rotundate, involucres reniform glabrous, stipes semiterate shining black-purple." Bl. En. PL Jav. Fil. p. 216. Hab. Woods, interior of Java, Blimie. — " Maxime simile Adianlo jEthiopico, L., cui diflfert forma pinnularum." Bl. 77. A. fumarioides, Willd. ; " fronds triplicato-pinnate, pinnules subrotundo-rhomboid obtuse undivided cremated at the apex, fructiferous ones entire terminated with the linear continuous sorus." Willd. Sp. PI. v. j)- 452. Hab. Bourbon, Fluggc (Willd.). Near A. ^thiopicum, but different in the small size and the linear continuous sori. 78. A. digitatiim, Pr. ; frond tripinnate, primary and se- condary pinna? ovate, pinnules membranaceous all on long petiolules cordate truncated or with a shallow sinus at the base pubescenti-hirsute nearly equilateral very patent deeply trifid almost tripartite, lobes cuueate incised and lobed, elongated stipes and rachis, of which the ultimate divisions are pubescent ebeneous and glossy, sori — } Presl, Tent. Pterid. p. 159, name only. {Klotzi^ch^ in Herb. Hook.) " Ly- godium Herb. Briu. Beg. Ber. n. 152." ADIANTUM. 39 Hab. Brazil, Selloiv (Klotzsch in Herb, nostr.) — The specimen I iini favoured with of this rcniaikahle pUiiit, consists of a stipes ahoiit a foot lonfx, heavino- the iiase of a frond about 5 inches in length, showing a ranii- fiation similar to ihat of A. Capillus-Veneris, but with longer petiolules standing out at right angles from the secondary or tertiary rachis, the pinnules about as large as in the species just mentioned, but of a totally different shape, almost resembling the leaves of Geranium disserliitn, and nearly, if not quite, equilateral, and so unlike those of any Adianlwii that it will be seen that Willdenow had considered it a L'jijodium. In the absence of fructidcalion I can give no opinion of the true genus ; and as neither Presl nor Klotzsch has, as far as I know, given anything but the name of this plant, I cannot say if they had the means of determining accurately the proper genus. 79. A. emarginatum, Bory ; "fronds bi- (tii-) pinnate, pinnules obcordato-cuneate, sterile ones serrulated at the apex, sori oblong." Willd. — Bori/ in Willd. Sp. PI. v. p. 449. —&. pinnules larger. (Tab. LXXV. A.) Hal). Kocky places by torrents in the Isle of Bourbon, Bory. Neraud, in Herb. Hook., ex Herb. Delesserl. — 0. Madras Peninsula, Dr. Wight, Herb, nostr. n. 135. Malacca, Griffith. — From Bourbon I possess a spe- cimen under this name, uiven me, with many other fine things, by the late lamented M. Benj. De Lessert, and which sufficiently accords with Will- denow's brief character and remarks. It has quite the habit of rather large-pinnuled specimens of ^. Ai!thiopici(m, but with sori resembling both as to position and form those of yl. CapiUus-Veneris ; hence thejust remark of Willdenow " valde simile praecedenti sed statura constanter minor, pin- nulse nunquam lobatae semper obcordatse.'' Dr. Wi;^ht's specimen, 1. c, quite accords with the Bourbon plant; except that the pinnules are again rather larger (all bearing fructification). Mr. Griffith's specimen from Ma- lacca precisely agrees w-ith Dr. Wight's Adiantuin, and being only partially fertile the serrulated apices are very apparent. But in all these I see nothing to distinguish them from the South American A. Chilense. The specific name is vgry incorrect ; for Willdenow savs " pinnule apici pro- funde emarginalEB majores obcordat8B,lobis quandoque /ewto- emarginatis." We need not tell any one accustomed to study ferns, how variable is the lobing of the pinnte and pinnules on one and the same specimen. 80. A. cuneatum, Langsd. and Fisch. ; frond rather small ovate or oblong-ovate triquadripinnate, pinnules membrana- ceous glabrous on rather long slender petiolules cuneate (more or less broadly) superior margin rounded conspicuously 2 — 4- lobed, lobes obtuse deeply euiarginate or bifid, their segments falcately incurved connivent, sinus or narrow deep cleft of each lobe soriferous, sori rather large, involucres orbicular-cordate membranaceous, stipes and slender rachis everywhere ebene- ous glossy glabrous. Langsd. and Finch. Ic. Fil. Brasif. p. 23, /. 20 (good). Willd. Sp. PI. v. /;. 450. Rnddi, Fil. Brasil. t. 78, /: 2. Hook, and Grcv. Ic. Fil. liar. Tab. 30. 40 ADIANTUM. Hab. Brazil, St. Calhaiiiie's, Chamiiso, Raddi (in Herl>. noslr.) ami others. Orj^an Mountains, near Rio, G^an/«e)-,7J. 196. South Brazil, k*?e/- low, Ttceedie. Uraguay, J- Baird. — Certninly allied to A. jEtkiopicum, but the pinnules are invariably cuneated and the lobes deep (so that the sori are placed higher up on the lobes than the base of the sinuses of the lobes), and the two segments of the soriferous lobes are always so narrow and so incurved as to conceal the fissure, well represented in the Ic. Fil. Rar. It is rather a small species; the largest specimen I have is 12 — 14 inches long : the more usual size is as given in Langsdorfl"and Fischer, and in the Ic. Fil. above quoted. I have seen the true form of this plant only from Brazil ; and it is very constant to its characters. The name has been ap- plied to Adianta of other countries, which have appeared to me different. 81. A. glaticopJtylliwi, Hook. ; tall frond ovale siij^rade- conipouiidly pinnated, pinnules rigid chartaceous glabrou.s glaucous on both sides on rather long slender petioles cuneate (generally narrowly so) su])erior margin rounded 2 — 4-lobed, lobes obtuse emarginate or bifid their segments falcately incurved connivent, sinus or cleft of each lobe soriferous, sori rather small, involucres orbicular-cordate subcoriaceous when old, stipes and slender rachis everywhere ebeneous glossy glabrous. A. cuneatum, var. an gusli folium ; Marl, and Galeot. Fil. Mex. p. 70. Hab. Cordillera of Mexico, inhabiting the cold region, at an elevation of 9000 to 10,500 feet above the level of the sea, Galeotii, n. 6266, and 6359 (the latter with narrower and more rigid almost coriaceous pinnules), and n. 6566; Pic d'Orizaba, 9750 feet; Linden, n. 48; Jurgensen, n. 322; Air. Parldmon. " Teapisca (Chiapas)," Linden, n. 1550. Veragnas, Central America, Seemann. — M M. Martens and Galeolti referred their two Adi- anta from Mexico, n. 6226, and n. 6359 to the A. cuneatum of Langsdorfl" and Fischer, as narrow pinnuled varieties; and I was disposed to do the same, until I observed that my Mexican specimens, from seven difierent localities as far as I can judge, all agreed in being of a larger size and more compound than that species, with narrower, more rigid, and always glaucous pinnules, together with a less deep and narrow notch for the re- ception of the sori ; and not only do they thus accord in the respective characters, but I have not seen anything to correspond with them anywhere but from Mexico and adjacent regions ; certainly no such appearances are exhibited by any of the true Brazilian A. cuneatum. I think it will prove a good species (nearest, perhaps, to the A. renusium, Don, of the East Indies), which like many other ferns, is very difficult to be defined by words : the eye readily distinguishes it. 82. A. venusium, Don ; rather small ovate tripinnate, pin- nules firm membranaceo-chartaceous glabrous and slightly glaucous beneath shortly j^etiolulate obovato-cuneate rarely subrhombeo-aciuninate striated the superior margin rounded scarcely ever or but slightly 2 or 3-lobed finely dentato-ser- ratc, fertile lobes with 2 rarely 3 notches each notch bearing ADIANTUM. 41 a rather large soriis at the bottom, involucres renifonn-cor- date submembranaceoiis, stipes and slender rachis everywhere ebeneous glossy glabrous. (Tab. LXXVI. B.) A. veniistuni, Don, Proclr. Fl. iXep. p. 16. Wall. Cat. ii. SI. Hab. Noilliern India. "S epii), IlaniilUm ; and at Sreini<^'ostr. LXXVI. A. the u])per and lower left hand figures). Kinize, Analect. Pterid. p. 34, /. 22. f. 1, rt. (A. sulphureum, sterile.) Hab. Chili, Chnmisso, Pocppig, Berlcm. Conception, Cuming, n. 151. — /3. Coidillieia of Peru, various places, Mathews, n. 1250. — The affinity of this is (loul)tless wiih A. Chlleme, esjiecially what I have here called the variety Jiiajun, and which, judging- from its locality and from its much lari>er size, I am almost disjiosed to distinguish, under the name of A. Periivianum, both from A. Chilense and from A. stdphureuni. From the former it may be known by its larger size, in every res])ect, more distant |)in- nules on longer petioles, paler colour of the pulverulent substance, scarcely emarginale or retuse lobes and straighter sori; from A. Chilense by the membranaceous pinnules and the ])resence of the sulphur-coloured pulveru- lent substance. Kunze's figure, Analect. Pterid, 1. c, t. 22, f. 1, a., seems lo be identical with my var. /a. as far as I can judge from the figure: but it is sterile. 89. A. sessilifoliiim, Hooli. ; frond ovate acuminate (8 — 10 inches) bi- (tri- r) ])innate, ])innules sessile (or only the lower- most ones subpeliolulate) chartaceous glossy olive-green with scattered hairs on both sides subrenifornii-obovale veiy ob- liquely cuneate, ujjper base truncate the margin much but not deeply lobed, lobes rather deeply emarginate the sinus of the notch soriferous, sori copious large contiguous, involucres lunulate (reniform but much curved) pubescent convex dark brown, stipes subscabrotis and as well as the rachis castane- ous glossy pubescenli-villous. (Tab. LXXXV. 13.) Hab. Chacapoyas, Peiu, Matheivs, n. 1855. — I place this near A. Chi- lense, as its nearest aflinity, although my only two s|)ecimens are bi- not tri- jiinnate; for it a good deal resembles it: but the pinnules are differently shajied, the sori also, and one of the striking marks of this plant is the sessile pinnules, or with the lowermost one on each pinna with a very indis- tinct and hairy petiolule. 90. A. purviilum, Hook. fd. ; " quite glabrous, frond ver}' thin trijnirtite, branches pinnate, pinna) patent shortly ])etio- late subrliombeo-oblong, the apices rounded the inferior margin straight superior one denticulate emarginate at the sori, the base truncated, stipes glabrous, rachis scarcely ADIANTUM. 45 pilose." Hook. fil. PI. of Galapag. in Linn. Trans, xx. p. 168. Hab. Charles Island, Galapag^os, Chas. Dartvin, Esq. — " A small species, most nearly allied to one that is a native of New Zealand, in which the upper margins of the piunas are crenale." Hook. Fil. 91. A. Henslovianum, Hook, fil.; "fronds bi- or rarely tripinnate elongato-ovate, primary pinnae attenuated, secun- dary few, pinnules lax divaricated shortly petiolate rhombeo- lunulate membranaceous above crenately lobate, sori in the bottom of the lobes rather large, rachis puberulous stipes rufo-bnmneous." Hook.Jil. I. c. p. 169. Hah. James and Charles Islands, Galapaa^os, C. Darwin, Enq. — As the affinities of this and the jireceding species are not alluded to, and since I do not possess sj)eciniens, the place of them in the genus is doubtful to me. 92. A. speciosuin, Hook. ; large, frond ovate acuminate (3 feet long) tripinnate, pinindes chartaceous glabrous petiolulate cordate deltoid or subrhomboid with a rather unequal base lobato-pinnatifid, lobes cuneate truncated all soriferous at the apex, sori linear as long as the lobe, stipes very stout dull ebinieons subscabrous, rachis glossy pubescent on the upper side. (Tab. LXXXV. C.) Hab. Abnut the villaf^e of Sasaranjra, 1^1 Equador, Pacific side, See- viann, n. 953, Aug-. 1847. Peru, Mr. Mc Lean. — This is one of the finest and best marked species with which I am acquainted, and has really pinna- tifid pinnules. It is true that this pinnaiifid character in the younger leaflets is an indication that as the {frovvlh advances they will break up into other pinnae : but the ultimate pinnules (and I have seen only Iripinnated speci- mens) in the most perfect form are equally pinuatifid. These pinnules are commonly an inch and more long, all the lobes cuneate and truncated, and every lobe is terminated by a transverse, linear, rather narrow involucre oc- cupying its whole breadth. The stipes is nearly 2 lines wide, but I do not pos.sess the lower portion. 93. A. tenerum, S\v. ; frond rather large (1^^ — 2 and even 3 feet) 3 — 4-pinnate, pinnules all petiolate submembranaceous glaucous-green (very deciduous when dry) rhomboid the cuneate base very unequal the margins irregularly lobed (the sterile ones deej)ly so and laciniated) lobes and lobules retuse soriferous, sori rather numerous approximate, involucres short oblong-reniforra, stipes and rachis ebeneous glossy every- where quite glabrous. Sw. Fl. Ind. Occ. iii. p. 1719. Syn. Fit. p. 125. Willd. Sp. PI. V. p. 450 (not Schkuhr). Pluken. Aim. i. 254,/. I. [very characteristic but too small). — B. pin- nules shorter more approaching to orbicular, fertile ones 46 AUIANTUM. nearly entire, sterile ones crenato-lobate. — y. pinnules larger more firm subchartaceous slightly lobed glaucous green. Hab. West Indian Islands, probahly general. Jamaica, Swartz, Mc Fadj/en, IVilson, Bancroft, Di.slin, Mc Nab, Purdie. Cuba, Pocppif/ {Kzc. in herb, noslr.) Otto, {Kloisch. in Herb, nostr. n. 233). Guadeloupe, UHermoniei; {Herb. n'>.slr. ex. Herb. Paris). St. Vincent, L. GuihUnj. Bahamas, Swaiuson. Antigua, Dr. Nicholson. Central America, Sec- mann. — /3. Acapulco and Realego, Dr. Sinduir. — y. Veraguas, Seewann. — Pinnules generally about three quarters of an inch long. Although the term " rhomboid " aptly expresses the general form of these pinnules, yet many of them, especially the uppermost and the sterile ones, depart from this form, as is common to other Adianta : the lol)ing too is more or less deep, and the plant varies much in size. Some of our smallest specimens approach our larger forms of A. fragile ; and, as in that species, the pin- nules are, when dry, extremely caducous. Swartz compares it with A. Capillus Veneris and A. trapeziforme, and some states do exhibit pinnules of such a form as to justify such an opinion. Others again border on the more lax state of A. concinnum. — Var. |3. has shorter and rounder pinnules, our var. y, larger and more chartaceous ones. * * * Cristatum grotip.f (Sp. 94—108). 94, A. crisiaium L. ; frond subtriangular-ovate bi-snbtri- pinnate secondary pinnae subappvoxiniate lanceolate cau- dately acuminate terminal one elongated lowest pair generally bipartite, pinnules close-placed horizontally patent rigid- chartaceous dark olive brown striately veined when dry obliquely oblong-ovate acute generally antrorsely subl'alcate, superior base truncate inferior cuneate glabrous gradually smaller upwards, terminal one elongated very narrow, sterile ones coarsely serrato-dentate, sori semioval or more rarely oblong chiefly confined to the superior margin (if extended round the point the apex becomes very obtuse) rachis fusco-pubescent, stipes dull black minutely muricato- scabrous. Linn. Sp. PI. j)- 1558. [excl. si/n. Sloane Jam. p. 55, y: 1). Willd. Sp. PL p. v. 1558. Sw. Si/n. Fil. p. 123 ? [cerlainly exci. Plum. Fil. t. 96). A. striatum, Sw. Fl. Ind. Occ.p. 1717. Syn. Fil. p. 124. Jacq. Coll. 3, p. 245. Ic. Ear. t. 646. Kze. in PL Poep. exsicc. in Herb, nostr. Plum. FiL <. 67 ? Hab. Jamaica, most abundant. Caraccas, Jacquin. Cuba, Poeppig {Kze. in Herb, noslr.) A harsh-feeling and stiff-growing plant and easily recognized, especially by the tapering pinnae, the sharp pointed pinnules, f Species having more or less affinity with the well-known A. cristatum of the West Indies ; but which, as a group, cannot well i)e defined in words. ADIANTUM. 47 unless when the fructifications extend round the apex, and the roup;h and even muricaled stijies. Jacquin's figure represents the habit of small specimens very well, but not the pinuules, which are too short and too blunt. 95. A. microphjjllum, Kaulf. ; frond stibtviangular ovate bi-subtripinnate, secondary pinna; snbapi)roximale narrow- lanceolate much acuminate terminal one elongated lowest pair generally bipartite, pinnules close-placed horizontally patent chartaceous brown or dark green obliquely oblong- ovate very acute antrorsely falcate, sujierior base truncate in- ferior cuneate gradually smaller upwards, terujinal one usually elongated subrhomboid, sterile ones dentato-serrate, sori sub- binous (1 — 4) linear generally confined to the lower portions of the superior margin, rachis slightly fusco-pubescent, stipes black minutely muricato-scabrous. A. microphyllum, Kaulf. En. Fil. p. 204. A. striatum, Schkuhr. Fil. t. 18,/. n—g. {r-ery good). — a. pinnules submembranaceous olive-green. Kze. in Linncjoa, ix. p. 80. PI. E.vsicc. Poep. in Herh.nostr. — ft. rigid almost coriaceous dark brown (when dry). Klotzsc/i, in Linncca, xviii. p. 554, and in Otto, PI. Cub. e.vsicc. in Herb, nostr. n. 230. — y. rigid, chartaceous olive-brown, pin- nules gradually tapering on the long point to an extremely minute ultimate one. Hab. Jamaica {Schkuhr). a. Cuba, Poeppig (in Herb, nostr.) Ja- maica, Mr. Lane.— 0. Cuba, Otto {Klotzsch, in Herb, nostr.) — y. St. Mary's, Jamaica, Purdie. — It is unwillingly that I keep this fern distinct from A. cristatum of Linnaeus. If is true the sori are found very much elongated and constantly so on all the specimens I have noticed above : and they again exhibit three rather distinct appearances. What I call a., which, being Poeppig's plant from Cuba, described by Kaulfuss (and of which Schkuhr's figure is a good representation), may be considered the type of the species, has greener and much more membranaceous pinnules. — Var. /3. has all the harshness and dark colour of true A. cristatutn : y. is remarka- ble for the very regular manner in which the pinnules gradually diminish to a nai'row point at the extremity. 96. A. Kumeanum, Kl. ; 1 — 2 feet high, frond bi pinnate dark green, pinna; 3 — 7 lanceolate acuminate terminal one very long lower ones sometimes bipartite, pinnules ajiproximafe chartaceo-membranaceous rather glossy broad dimidiato- ob- long or subobcordate often dellexo-falcate, su])erior base trun- cated inferior one cuneate, the sterile ones obscurely lobed and serrated, fertile ones with coarser falcate teeth at the upper margin and apex, sori in the deep sinus between two connivent teeth, involucres semilunate, stipes ebeneous sea- 48 ADIANTUM. brous, lachis fenugineo-pilose with woolly hairs. Klolzsvh, in Liniuea, viii. p. 555, et in Otio, PL Exsicc. Cub. n. 83 {in Herb. J. Sm., not of Presl). A. melanoleuciini, Willd. Sp. PL \.p. 443. A. lielum, Presl, Tent. Plerid. p. 158. A. cristatum, Kunze, in Linncea,iK.p. 81. — Plum. Fil. i. 96. Hal). West Indian Islands. St. Domingo? P/u»j?>>-. Jamaica, PF//es, Mac Nab. Cuba, Poepjr'nj {Kunze) ; Otto, Klnlzsch, n. (3.3 {in Herb. J. Smith). — Perhaps two better marked sjiecies of Adiantum of tlie pre- sent section at least, can scarcely be found than A. cristatum, L. and A. Kunzeanum, and yet few have been less understood. The excellent Swartz probably gave rise to the confusion, by quoting under the A. crista- tum of Linnaeus, the figure in Plum. Fil. t. 96. He observes, it is true, " huic (m.s7. L.) similima sed forte divevsa." Thus, too, throwing a doubt on the true cristatum of Linna'us. Plumier's figure now quoted is a fair representation (exaggerated as most of his figures are) of the fern called cristatum by Kunze ; who, as well as other botanists, has been induced to call the true cristatuyn by the name of A. striatum. We have again a choice of name for Kunze's cristatum. Willdenow by his reference to Plumier " A. lunulis albicantibus signatum, p. 70, f. 9t)," certainly seems to have had this fern in view in his Spec. Plant. : but the name, however it may answer to Plumier's description, does not answer to the plant. A. latum, Presl, appears to be nowhere described, whereas Dr. Klotzsch has well distinguished the species, and I gladly adopt his name. 97. A. crenahim, Willd. ; fronds bipinnate, lower pinnae bi- or tripartite, pinnules ovato-oblong superior base trun- cated, inferior abscisso-cuneate, superior margin crenated and as well as the apex serrated, sori oblong, stipes glabrous. Willd. Sp. PL V. p. 446. Plmn. Fil. t. 53. Hab. Hispaniola, Martinique {Willd) — On this I dare nut hazard an opinion, although a figure is quoted in Plumier. Sprengel refers it to A. politum, H. B. K. Presl takes no notice of A. politum, but retains A. cre- natum, and brings to it " A. striatum, Poeppig, Fil. Exsicc. Kunze:" so that if Kunze's A. striatum (Poeppig), be the same as ours, this species is identical with A. cristatum, Linn. 98. A. politum, H. B. ; "fronds bipinnate, lower pinnae bi- pinnate, pinnules oblong dimidiate obtuse truncated at the base, superior margin subinciso-dentate, the teeth obtuse bifid, involucres lunate, stipes and rachis shining glabrous." Willd. Sp. PL V. p. 442. H. B. K. Nor. Gen. Am. i. p. 20. Hab. Cumana, S. America, Humboldt and BonpJav.d. — As observed ■awAex A. crenalum, this species is considered by Sprengel identical with that. M. Kunth observes of this Bonplandian plant, "in Herliario Bonp- landiano non vidi.'' 99. A. pyramidale, Willd. ; " bipinnate, lowest pinna bi- pinnate, pinnules rhombeo-ovate serrated terminal one very ADIANTUM. 49 long linear-lanceolate coarsely serrated, stipes aculeate, cau- dex creeping." Willd. Sp. PL v. p. 442. Polypodiura py- raniidale, Linn. Sp. PL p. 1554. Sw. St/n. FiL p. 72. — Pet. FiL p. 40, t. 4,/. 2 {according to Linmcus). Plum. FiL t. 54 {according to Swartz and Willdenow). Hab. America, {Linnaus). Hispaniola, Plumier. Liniifcns only quotes Petivei-'s figure ; Swartz and Willdenow only Phmiier's. — If an Adiantum at all, and a good species, and if Plumier's ligure be any authority for the Linntean plant, it may rank near A. crutatum, L. 100. A. poli/phgllum,\\ i]\d.; "fronds quadruplicato-pinnate dimidiate obtuse truncated at the base, superior margin inci- so-serrate, serratures denticulated, sori oblong," Willd. Sp. Pl.v. p. 454. H. B. K. Nov. Gen. Am. i. p. 21 ? {tiot Kunze, according to Presl and Klotzsch). Hab. S. America, C'araccas, Bredemei/er, {Willd.) — It is in vain, without authentic specimens, or a good description, to attempt to identify this plant. Kunth, under his A. poli/phi/lliim, gives, in the specific character, " pinnules rhomboid-oblong obtuse shortly petiolate upper margin and apex deeply duplicato-crenate, — sori numerous subreniform." — It is no wonder that with such conllicting and inadequate characters other botanists should be led astray. Thus, Kunze's A. poli/p/u/llum, for which he cites both Willdenow and Kunth without doubt, is pronounced by Presl to be differ- ent from that of Willdenow, and called by him A. myriophyllum, and by Klotzsch A. macrocladum. I must acknowledge the Willdenowian plant to be unknown to me. 101. A. macrocladnm, Kl. ; large quite glabrous, frond bipinnate tripinnate below, pinnaD distant broad-lanceolate attenuated at the base and at the extremity, pinnules dark brownish green opaque submembranaceous crowded slightly imbricated patent obliquely oblong scarcely subfalcate very obtuse cuneate at the base superior base truncated upper margin and apex regularly crenato-serrated, sori copious very small on every lobule on the upper margin, sori small semi- oval, stipes (tall) and rachis everywhere ebeneous and shin- ing. (Tab. LXXXIII. B.). — A. macrocladum, Kl.in Linnaia, xviii. p. 554. A. polyphyllum, Kze. in LinntBa, ix. p. 82, {excl. syn.). Poeppig^ Plant. Exsicc. Peru v. A. myriophyl- lum, Presl, {name in Tent. Pterid.) Hab. Peru, Poeppig, (Kunze in Herb, nostr.). — I have only seen the solitary specimen from Kunze, and this is remarkable among the much- branched Adianta for the very compact and closely placed pinnules of an almost exactly oblong (or parallelogram) form, obliquely cuneate at the base, and for the small sori. Klotzsch says " ab Ad. pnli/p/n/lln differt, rachibus pulverulentis (which is certainly not the ease in my sj)ecimen) nee nitidis, pinnulis falcatis (scarcely so in our specimen) crenato-denta- VOL. II. H 50 ADIANTUM. tis, nec lobato-crenatis, soris minoiibus numerosioribus, indusiis obovato- orbicularibus, striatis, nec reniformibus." 102, A. Wilesianum, Hook.; large qnadripinnate, pinnae all distant lanceolate acuminate, pinnules dark brown-green sub- chartaceous scarcely glossy ovato-lanceolate falcate obtusely acuminate obliquely cuneate at the base superior base trun- cate upper margin and sometimes the apex crenato-lobate, lobes of the upper margin soriferous, sori in a crenature or sinus of the lobe, involucres reniform rather large firm thick, stipes ebeneous glossy glabrous, vachis rufo-pubescent on the under side. (Tab. LXXXIII. C.) An A. crenatum, Willd. Sp. PL V. p. 446 .? An Plmn. Fil. t. 53 ? Hab. Jamaica, Wiles (in Herb. J. Smith). Tabasco, Mexico, Linden, Fil. n. 1903. — This appears distinct from any species I know. Can it be the A. a'enatum of Willdenow ? who quotes Plumier, t. 53, which is not a very bad representation of this species. If so, it is a native of Martinique and St. Domingo also. 10.3. A. Brasiliense, Raddi ; frond rather large qnadripin- nate, pinnae approximate all broadly lanceolate acuminate, pinnules closely placed membranaceous olive-brown (when dry) patent oblong subfalcate obtuse obliquely cuneate at the base truncate at the superior base lobed at the upper margin, the lobes crenate and soriferous, sori 5 — 7 on the superior margin I on each lobe, involucres short-oblong reniform convex rather large, stipes and rachis ebeneous glossy, the underside ferrugineo-pubescent. A. Brasiliense, liaddi, Fil. Brasil. p. 50, t. 76. A. pubescens, Raddi., Syn. Fil. Brasil. n. 129. — Plum. Fil. t. 53, according to Raddi, (hut scarce- ly so). Hab. Brazil, near Rio, Raddi, Mrs. Caleotl, Gardner, n. 59, Burchell Herb. n. 1816, Tiveedie, n. 1132. Bahia, (Herb. noslr.J. — All my speci- mens are very uniform in their appearance, and the figure of Raddi in the • Fil. Brazil.' is a very good representation of a lower branch. In our spe- cimens the pinnules are generally a little shorter than that figure shows them to be, and a little more closely placed. Raddi cites, without any doubt, as a synonyme to this, Plumier s tab. 53, which is quoted by Will- denow for his A. crenatum : and the figure is more like A. cristatum than the present species. 104, A. cardiochlfoia, Kze, ; large tripinnate, pinnae all lanceolate shortly acuminate, pinnules pale rather bright green membranaceous horizontally patent crowded elliptical oblong (almost a parallelogram) very obtuse nearly straight, the base obliquely cuneate superior base truncate, superior margin and apex lobed and serrated, lobes soriferous, sori on the ADIANTUM. 51 superior margin only 5 — 7 in a sinus or notch of the lobe obovato-reniform large convex thick and hard especially in the disk, stipes and rachis everywhere ebeneous very glossy glabrous. (Tab. LXXXIII. A.) — "A. cardiochl^na, KzeT Sonder in Herb, nosir. An A. polyphyllum, IVilld. Sp. PI. v.p. 454.? — ft. rigidum; pinnules subchartaceous, sori larger thicker and more prominent dark brown. Hub. Cavaccas, Moritz, ex Sonder in Herb, nostr., and Miquel, n. 15. Venezuela, Funck, n. 43t). Tvinidad, Aldrid(/e, in Herb. J. Smith. — /3. Caraccas, Linden, n. 125. — A beautiful ami, I tbink, a well-marked spe- cies, and it is a comfort to bave a named specimen to refei to it for its au- tbenlication ; but whetber it be a MS. name, or already publisbed by Pro- fessor Kunze, I bave no means of knowing. It may possibly be tbe same as A. pobjphtjllum, Willd., wbich I see is mentioned by Klotzsch as found by Moritz, n. b9 (my specimen bears no number) at Caraccas. If I could be sure of tbis, I would gladly restore tbe older name. My var. (3. differs in the more cbartaceous and firmer texture and the larger and darker-co- loured and very prominent sori. Tbis species approaches our A. Mntheic- sianum (p. 35), but there tbe frond is less divided, the pinnules are more rhomboid or cut off as it were at the base by a rather short oblique line, whereas the lower margin in our present species is formed by a straight longitudinal line nearly as long as the pinnule itself. 105. A. Lohhianum, Hook. ; frond rather ample (a foot and more long) tripinnate, ramifications spreading, secondary pinnae lanceolate acuminate straight firm, pinnides dimidi- ato-ovate (lower ones subrhomboid) chartaceous sometimes slightly antrorsely falcate superior base truncate superior margin and roimd the obtuse apex slightly lobed and ser- rated, lobules soriferous, sori few generally confined to the lower part of the upper margin small 4 — 6 on a pinnule, in- volucres very small black nearly orbicular, stipes elongated and as well as the slender rachis ebeneous glossy glabrous. (Tab. LXXXVI. C.) Hab. Java, Thos. Lobb, n. 264.— My several specimens of this fine fern are very constant in form, and it is difficult to say which are its nearest affinities. The involucres are peculiarly small and dark-coloured, spread- ing after the dispersion of the capsides. 106. A./onnosHnf,BY.; tall spreading, frond large supra- decompound deltoid, pinnules small chartaceous obliquely rhombeo-cuneate obtuse lobed or incised and serrated gla- brous olive-brown when dry upper base truncate, lobes sori- ferous obloug-reniform, stipes long rough and as well as the flexuose rachis (partial ones pubescent) ebeneous glossy. (T.\b. LXXXVI. B.)— Brown, Prodr. Fl. Nov. Holl. p. 155, (not All. Ciinn.) Hab. About Port Jackson, abundant, Brown and others. Mangatainoka, 52 ADIANTUM. N. Zealand, Colemo. — A species apparently very common about Port Jack- son, but I have not received it from any other locality or country, save the solitary one p^iven l)y Mr. Colenso. It is a large (3 feet high) and very dis- tinct species, very compound in its ramifications, and easily distinguished from the two loUowing (A. Cunnhic/hami and A. fulvuni) by tlie position and form of the involucres, here terminating a lobule and oblong, curved or approaching to reniform ; in those siiuated in a sinus and rotundato-reni- form, or orbicular-cresceut-shaped with a deep rounded notch or sinus. 107. A. Cunni/tghawi, Hook.; frond (8 — 10 inches) deltoid subpedatcly tvi- quadripinnate, secondary pinna3 lanceolate, pinnules rather small cliartaceous glabrous olive-brown very glaucous beneath dimidiate broad oblong obtuse often sub- rhomboid obliquely cuneate, superior base truncate upper margin and round the obtuse apex lobed, lobes emarginate obtuse, sinuses of the lobes soriferous, sori numerous rather large 7 — 10 on a pinnule, involucres orbicular-cordate with the sinus deep and narrow, stipes smooth elongated and as well as the flexuose rachis everywhere ebeneous glossy and quite glabrous. (Tab. LXXXVI. A.) A. formosura, All. Ciinn. Bot. N. Zeal, in Hook. Coriip. to Bot. Mag. i. p. 366, (and of other authors on N. Zealand Botany), not Br. Hab. N. Zealand, Northern Island, A. Cnnnvujham, Sinclair, Colenso {nos. 1670, -iOar, 2045 and 6), J. D. Hooker, ^-c. ^c.—T\ns is a well-marked species of the same group, as to habit, with the foregoing and following one ; but the pinnules are always larger, more generally oblong, very glau- cous beneath, the sori larger, and always placed in a notch of a lobe of the margin (not in the sinus between the lobes, nor from the apex of a lobe), the stipes is quite smooth and the rachis is everywhere perfectly glabrous. Numerous specimens gathered at different periods are quite uniform as to the above characters. The fructifications are very conspicuous on the glau- cous surface of the pinnules from their dark brown colour with a pale mem- branous margin, giving the edge of the pinnule an ocellated appearance. — Caudex very long, creeping, as thick as a goose-quill. 108. k. fill cum, 'Rd,on\\ frond (1 foot) ovato-deltoid sub- pedatcly tri- quadri- pinnate, secondary pinnoe lanceolate acuminate, pinnules rather small chartaceous bright olive green subglossy glabrous or pubescenti-hirsute (never glau- cous beneath) dimidiato-oblong obtuse obliquely cuneate at the base (usually broadly cidtrilbrm) rarely subfalcate supe- rior base truncate superior margin and obtuse apex lobed the lobes emarginate obtuse, sinuses of the lobes soriferous, sori numerous rather large 8 — 12 on a pinnule, involucres orbi- cular-cordate with the sinus deep and narrow, sti])es very scabrous almost muricidate, rachis also scabrous and downy with fulvous hairs. (Tab. LXXXV. A.) A. fulvum, Raoul, Choix de PL de la Noiiv. Zeal. p. 9, ADIANTUM. 53 Hab. New Zealand, Northern Island, Colenso, J. D. Hooker, Dr. Sin- clair, ^c. Banks' Island (off the southern or Middle Island), Raoul. — Dr. Hooker, on his return from the Antarctic voyage, broui^ht home copious specimens of this species, gathered by Mr. Colenso and himself in N. Zea- land, and Mr. Raoul has named it and clearly defined it in his beautiful and accurate work above quoted. The term he uses for the pinnules ("oblique cultriformes ") is singularly applicable to the majority of the pinnules as dis- tinguishing the species from its nearest affinity A. Cunnincjhami {A.formosum of N. Zealand botanists), with which it quite agrees in the position and form and colour of the involucres: — but the plants are much larger (2 — 2^ feet, including the stipes), never glaucous, but pale and rather bright olive- green beneath, even when dry ; the stipes too is singularly rough, almost muricated, scaly at the base where it rises from the elongated stout caudex. A. affine (our No. (55) is a much smaller more slender and more pedate plant, with very thin membranous pellucid pinnules, and more membranous white- coloured involucres, seated in a deeper sinus. Some of our specimens of A. fulvum have rigid slender hairs or aciculi like those of -4. affine, but they are deciduous or not constant nor common. Dubious Species or Synonymes to other Plants. Adiantum rofundati(m, Kze.; "frond linear-lanceolate gla- brous pinnated, pinnae alternate petiolate approximate trans- versely oblong subfalcate very obtuse ultimate ones obovate small truncated at the base, upper margin and at the apex inciso-lobate, lobes obtuse toothed at the point, fertile ones excised, involucres large reniform brown, the base of the gla- brous stipes and the rachis chaffy. ''Kze. Fil. Afr. Aust?'. in LifiHcea, x. p. 528, fnot Desv.J Hab. " Specimen Lutetiae Parisiorum ex a mica manu Mairii accepi, in cujusherbarioschedulce, 'promontorium BonasSpei' adscriptum fuit. Quis ibi collegerit nescio." " Quamquam de patria speciei non omnino cevtus sim, tamen insignem plantam hie praterire nolui. Specimen 16 pollices longum, simul sumpto stipite 6-pollicari, supra sulcato, purpureo, nitidissimo, basi paleis lineari- bus rufis obducto. Rachis slipiti similis, sed paleis sparsis tenuissimis. Pinnae maxim ae 9 liueas longae, versus basin minus, quam apicem versus decrescunt. Laminae obovatae, 3 tantum lin. longae, 2 latte el vix amplius lobatae. Proximum A. lunulatum, Burm. (Hook, et Grev. Ic. Fil. t. 104), quod vero pinnis hmatis, longius pedicellatis, imprimis vero soris lineari- bus confluentibus abuude difiert.'' Kze. (. c. Adiantum Capense, Thunb, and Kze. in Linnaea, x. p. 530, is Clieilanthes Capensis, Sw, and others. Adiantum radiatum, L,, will here be found under Hi/polepis. Adiantum decipiens, Desv. ; "pinnae glabrous oblong ob- tuse dimidiate the base truncate, upper margin lobato-sub- incised, segments contiguous retuse, involucres smooth, stipes and rachis sparsely paleaceo-pilose rooting at the apex." Desv. in Mem. Soc. Linn. ii. p. 307. 54 OCHROPTKRIS. Hab. Java. " Pra-cedenti (.1. rhizophoro, Sw., A. caiidato, nobis), prox- imum, sed diversissimum.'' Adiantura papijraceuni, Desv. ; " pinnae subopposite sub- rhomboid cuneate and entire at the base dentato-incised stri- ated, capillary stipes and rachis pubescent." Desv. I. c. p. 307. Hab. " Mauritius." Adiantum cassioides, Desv. ; " fronds densely pinnated, pinnae imbricato-pinnate, pinnules rhorabeo-ovate cuneate at the base denticulated, stipes angular, rachises pubescent." Desv. I. c.p. 310. Hab. Wanner parts of America, (Desv.). " Piunae of J., obtusion, but the frond more leafy.'' Desv. Adiantura roiundatum, Desv\; "pinnules ('pinellis consis- tentibus ') subrotundato-cuneate entire obscurely sinuoso-tri- lobate, sori subreniform, stipes glabrous." Desv. I. c. p. 310. Hab. Peru, (Desv.). " Lower piiinae about 6 inches long; pinnules 4— 5 lines broad, less than that in length." Adiantum pauperculum, Kze. in Schk. Fil. Suppl. ii. p. 65, t. 127, will be here placed under Hypolepis. Adiantum pallens, Sw., forms our next genus, Ochropteris, J. Sm. 2. Ochropteris, J. Sm. (Hook. Gen. Fil. Tab. CVI. A.) Adiantum, Sw. Chei- lanlhes, Bory, Pr. Sori marginal, always occupying the apex of a lobe, trans- versely oblong, uniform. Involucre of the same shape with the sori, formed of the reflexed margin of the frond, nearly of the same colour and texture, and covering the sorus which occupies the apex of 3 or 4 veinlets terminating at the base of the involucre. — Fern of Mauritius. Frond deltoid, on a fofiff glabrous stipes, very decompound, ultimate pinnules lobed, the lobes cuneate soriferous, the whole coriaceous and glossy. Stipes and rachis pale-coloured. Veins dichoto- mously divided. Obs. Kaulfuss long ago observed of the Adianlvm palleni;, Sw., "habitu et fructificatione ab omnibus diversissimum, proprium constituet genus : " Mr. J. Smith has however more justly observed that the chief distinction is in the Iiabit, which neither harmonizes with Adiantum nor with Chellan- thes, nor with Ht/polepis ; so that I gladly adopt Mr. J. Smith's name of Ochropteris, derived from the pale colour of the entire fern, but especially the stipes and rachis. LONCHITIS. 66 1. O. pollens (Tab. LXXVII. B.), J. Sra. Gen. Ferns, p. 46.— Adiantum pallens, Sw. Syn. Fil. p. 125 et 323. Willd. Sp. PL V. p. 453. Cheilanthes clavallioides, Bory^ in Willd. Sp. PL V. p. 461. Hab. Mauritius, Grcen(lal{Sw.) and others. — Bojer states that it is found in Madagascar. Swartz, at p. 125 of his ' Species Filicum,' gives " Mau- ridus?'' with a mark of doubt of its native country, and " Chusan'' without any question ; the latter apparently upon the authority of a most unsatis- factory figure in Plukenet's ' Amallh. IBot.' of a " Filix Adianto nigro offi- cinar. similis, pediculo viridi, pinnulis magis eleganter incisis ; ex insula Cheusan, tab. 403, f. 2.'' We have received many ferns from China of late, and particularly from Chusan, but this species was never among them, and we doubt if it is found there at all. Our copious specimens from different individuals are entirely from Mauritius, and it is probably peculiar to that country, unless Bojer should be correct in giving Madagascar. — Stipes 2 feet long ; frond about equal in length with the stipes. 3. LoNCHiTis, Linn. Lonchitidis sp. L. et Auct. Sori marginal, situated in the sinuses of the segments of the frond, oblong or linear, reniform or lunate, situated at the apex of several converging veinlets. Involucre more or less elongated, of the same shape with the sorus, membranous, scariose, formed of a reflexed but changed portion of the frond, covering (while young) but not bearing the capsules. — Ferns of Mauritius, Madagascar, the Cape, and S. America. Rhizoma siihglohose. Fronds Jascic led, large, suhmembrana- ceous, hi- tripinnate, the pinnae slnuato-pinnatifid : the sinuses only soriferous. Veins anastomosing* and forming very irregular hexagons, several veinlets uniting at the sinus to bear the sorus. Obs. Notwithstanding that the fructification resembles that of Cheilanthes, and especially that of Hi/polepis ; yet the species are widely distinct in ha- bit from those two genera : and, in conjunction with the reticulated frond, may well be allowed to remain as a genus. It would indeed be a reticu- lated Pteris (or Litobrochia) but for the short sori : and hence the L. hir- suta, Lin. (not of Sieber) of the West Indies, though with the fructification o{ Lonchitis, chiefly confined to the sinus of the lobules, is now transferred to Pteris, on account of pinnato-furcale venation. In Lonchitis, if I may * From the costa or midrib on the pinnules, parallel pinnated veins di- verge, corresponding with a lobe at the margin, these veins are connected by a veinlet running parallel with the midrib and at a little distance from it, forming a number of transversely oblong areols ; all between these are- ola and the margin is more or less closely reticulated. 56 LONCHITIS. SO say, the centre of the sorus, be it long or short, is in the very axil of the sinus, whence it extends along the margin on both sides. In Pteris it ori- ginates at the side of the lobes, and extends to the axil. 1. L. aurita ; "fronds pinnate, pinnae pinnatifid lower- most ones bipartite the lobes obtuse waved toothed at the apex, stipes aculeated." Sw. — Linn. Sp. PI. p. 1536. Willd. Sp. PL V. p. 462.— Plum. Fil. 14, t. 17. '' Peiiv. Fil. j^. 172, t. 4,/. 4." Hab. Martinique. — This is quite unknown to me ; and is perhaps altoge- ther taken up, by Linnaeus and succeeding authors, from the figures above quoted. It has the reticulated venation and the short lunate sori of true Lonchilis ; but the bipartite lower pinnae and the aculeated stipes are at variance with other species of the genus. It appears to be unknown to any author since the time of Plumier : according to his figure however the sori are quite those of the present genus, in shape and situation. 2. h. Lindeitiana; fronds ample (bi?-) pinnate ihick-mem- branaceons opaque on both sides copiously clothed with fulvous hairs, pinnae (or pinnules) sessile a span long broad- lanceolate acuminate deeply pinnatifid the ultimate ones de- current into a bipinnatifid apex, lobes ovate with very deep sinuses, upper ones rounded with small shallow sinuses all copiously reticulated, sori numerous small lunulate and occu- pying the axil of the shallow sinuses or elongated and though the centre appears to be in the very axil of the sinus the two extremities extend up the entire sides of the sinus, stipes (of which w^e have only a small portion) unarmed and as well as the main rachis furrovved on one side densely beset with spreading ferruginous hairs. (Tab.LXXXIX. A.) Hab. Caraccas, S. America, Linden, n. 543. — It is also in Mr. J. Smith's herbarium from the Paris garden (Jardin des Plantes) without any locality being given. — I give this with great hesitation as a species of Lonchitis ; though the general habit and venation are entirely those of L. pubcsccns of the Mauritius : but the frond is thicker, more dense and opaque, the under side of the main rachis is semiterele (not furrowed), and the sori, though I believe in all cases originating in the axil of a sinus (as in Lonchitis) extend, in the deeper sinuses, for a great way up the sides, so that it is ■extremely difficult to say whether this should be a Pteris (Litobrochia, ac- cording to venation) or a Lonchitis. I ought to observe that though my specimen from Linden is 3 feet long, yet it may not exhibit the entire frond : the true stipes is wanting, and prohahly the lower pinmc are wanting also. If these latter should prove to be bipartite, that circumstance would bring our plant near to the Lonchitis aurita, L. (Plumier, Fil t. 17): but there the sori are small and uniform in the deep as well as in the shallow sinuses. 3. L. pubescens, Willd. ; fronds ample bipinnate pubes- centi-hirsute with fulvous hairs especially beneath, pinnae LONCHITIS. 57 sessile pinnatifid at the apex, pinnules sessile broad-lanceo- late acuminate sinuato-pinnatifid much reticulated, the lobes entire or sinuato-lobatc, the sinuses soriferous, stipes and ra- chis everywhere densely hairy. — " Willd. Herhr Kaulf. En. FU. p. 195. Prcd, Tent. Pterid. p. ^63, t. 6, /". 29, (piihes- cence omitted). Hook. Gen. FU. t. 68, A. L. hirsuta, Bory, Voy. i. p. 321, (name only). Wall. Cat. n. 2190. Sw. Syn. Filp. 93, (in part). Schick. FU. p. 81 (in part), tab. 2, not tab. 80, (not Linn.) Hab. Mauritius, Bori/, Commersnn (in Jlrrb. nnnlr.), Sieber, Wallich, Telfair, and others. — This species has been much misunderstood and mixed up with others. I have copious specimens from Mauritius, where it is abun- dant in moist woods, and to which island I believe it is peculiar. Bory, who perhaps fust noticed it, considered it to be the L. hirsuta of LinnjEus, a West Indian plant, for which the authority is Plumier ; " Fil. villosa, pin- nis quercinis," tab. 20; but that has free, not anastomosing, veins. That author (Bory) expressly gives it as a native of Mauritius, for when speaking of his L. fflabra of Bourbon, he says, " Je remarquai (in Bourbon) un beau Lonchite dont les feuilles ont une couleur obscure, et qui je crois different du Lonchite velu (i. hirsuta, L.) si comniun a I'lsle de France." Yet Swartz, on Bovy's authority, evidently I think by mistake, gives " Bour- bon " as the country of this. Willdenow rightly confines the L. hirsuta, L. to the West Indies, whence we have specimens showing the venation of true Ptcris. Kaulfuss first took up the Mauritius species with the MS. name from Willdenow's own herbarium. — The fronds are dingy brown when dry. 4. L. Natalensis, Hook. ; fronds ample bipinnate mode- rately hirsute on both sides with pale-coloured hairs, pinnas more or less petiolate the upper half pinnatifid, pinnules iew sessile broad-lanceolate acuminate much reticulated nearly entire or moderately lobed in the lower half, lobes rounded entire short, the sinuses and entire margins soriferous, sori small, stipes and rachis downy. (Tab. LXXXIX. B.) — L. glabra, Pappe, MS. in Herb. Hook. — (not Bory). Hab. Shady places at Port Natal, South Africa : communicated by Dr. Pappc, 1845. — I find nothing like this among my copious specimens of L. jmhcscens from Mauritius. The size is about the same, but the fronds are less pubescent and less densely hairy, drying of a full green colour; the pinnae or primary divisions are stalked, and a great portion of them, the upper half, are pinnatifid, the lobes there and the pinna; below more entire, the lobes, when lobed at all, short and never again siuuated or lobcd, and the sori are smaller, frequently appearing where there is no perceptible si- nus:— the rachis and stipes are not densely hairy with patent fulvous hairs, as in L. pubescens, but simply downy. 5. L. glabra, Bory ; fronds (2 feet long) bipinnate mem- branaceous with scattered fulvous hairs on the sti]ies rachis midrib and veins on both sides, pinna) sessile oblong-ovate VOL. II. I 58 LONCHITIS. acuminate reticulated with very few areolae pinnatifid at the apex, pinnules lanceolate obtuse lobato-pinnatifid all of them decurrent so as to constitute a broadly winged rachis to the pinna*, the inferior pinnule above (next the main rachis) dwarf, lobes rotundaie entire, sinuses soriferous, sori small lunate, stipes paleaceous below. — L. glabra, Boi-t/, Voy. i. p. 321. Sw. Sij/i. Fil. p. 93. Willd. Sp. PL v. p. 463. Kze. Schkh. Fil. Suppl. p. 153, t. QQ. " Schlecht. Adamhr. Fil. Cap. p. 47, t. 27." Kunze in Linnaa, Fil. Afr. Austr. x. p. 528 .• and in Drege, PL Cap. Exsic. Hab. Bourbon, Bnnj. South Africa, Dref/e, Dr. Alexander. — The spe- cimen from which I have drawn up my character and from which the figure is made, is a part of the South African collections made and distributed by Drege, with the name " L. glabra, Bory,'' attached : it ought therefore to be the same as the L. glahra of Kunze in the ' Linnsea ' above quoted, which is from a plant of Drege. Kunze refers it without doubt to the L. glabra of Bory and Schlechtendal, and of the latter author he adduces the description and figure, p. 47, t. 28, of his 'Adumbratio.' My copy (incom- plete) of that work, though presented by the author, does not contain so many pages nor so many plates, and I have no means of testing their iden- tity. It is probably the same as Boiy's plant of Bourbon, for that author says the frond is of a full or dark green colour, and Willdenow saj'S "pin- nulae bipollicares lanceolatse acurninatse (scarcely in our specimens) sessiles alato-decurrentes apicem versus confluentes" Sic, which is a characteristic mark iu our plant. 6. L. Madagascariensis, Hook. ; fronds bipinnate } pinnae pinnate throughout slightly hairy, pinnules shortly stipitate triangulari-oblong gradually acuminated much reticulated below sinuate scarcely lobate the base broadly cordate, ter- minal one large attenuated deeply sinuate towards the base and hastate, sori somewhat elongated situated iu the shal- low sinuses, rachis (of the pinnae) slender downy. (Tab. LXXXVII. B.) Hab. Madagascar, Dr. Lyall. — This is an extremely different species from any of the previous ones. All that I possess appears to be a pinna a span or more long, with 5 pairs of nearly opposite pinnules, and a large terminal one which is quite hastate at the base and deeply sinuate on each side above the base, the sori are narrow and more or less elongated, always occupying a sinus of the margin of the pinnules. The reticulation is co- pious, resembling that of L. pubescens, not at all like L. glabra. Louchitis hirsuta, L., is a Pteris. Louchitis repens, L., is Hypolepis repens, Pr. HYPOLBPIS. 59 3. HypoLEns, Bernh. (Hook. Gen. Fil. Tab. LXVII. A. j" Cheilanthes ") and B.) — Cheilanthis Sp. Sw. el Aiict. Adianti Sp. Borij. Loii- chitidis Sp. L. Sori marginal, subglobose, small, distinct, uniform. Invo- lucre of the same shape as the sorus, formed of the more or less changed and reflected margin of the frond, usually situated in a sinus and covering the sorus, which occupies the apex of a veinlet. — Tropical or subtropical Ferns, having a more or less creeping rhizoma. Fronds variable^ simply pinnated or more frequently bi- tri- quadri- pinnate; sometimes coni- poundly pinnatifid (H. Californica), generally membrana- ceous or cliartaceoiis^ rachis and stipes sometimes opaque and pubescent or muricated, sometimes ebeneous and very glossy. Sori frequently in a sinus of the lobes or teeth of the pinnule, and occupying their lower and inner side. Vein- lets forked, free, often diverging, never anastomosing, the apex of a single one bearing the sorus. Obs. With few exceptions, the species of this genus have been referred to Cheilanthes. It was established by Bernhardi, in Schrader's ' Neues Journal fiir die Botanik,' erster band, p. 34. " Hypolepis ; Sporangia catheto-gyrata in receptaculo punctiforrai. Hyposporaiufia propria semior- bicularia, margine recto affixa, circulari, libera." — The only Fern which he refers to it is Lonchitis tenuifolia, Forst. (Cheilanthes arborescens, Sw.) Presl, in his 'Tenlamen Pteridographiee,' both by the several species he adduces, and by his character of the fronds, " amplas supradecorapositse,'' limits the genus to those very much branched and generally membra- naceous species (corresponding with the Microlepia-gxou\t of Dicksonia), — and of which Lonchites tenuifolia, L., is the type : and Mr. J. Smith adopts the same view of the genus Hypolepis as Presl, as we find by the references in his ' Arrangement and Definition of the Genera of Ferns,' and by his remarks there. " This genus," he observes, " is formed of a group of species characterized by their large decompound fronds, which arise from a lengthened creeping rhizoma, similar in habit to some of the large-fronded species of Poh/podium, and difl'ering from them only in the soriferous creuule being altered in texture, and reflexed, forming a simple lateral indusium with the sporangia in its axis, and therefore not distinct in that respect from the genus Cheilanthes : but their whole habit natu- rally indicates them to be a distinct group from the species which I retain as true Cheilanthes.^' — Bi'actically, however, it seems impossible to restrict Hypolepis to the large decompound fronds. Species with less divided fronds, yet in other respects of similar habit, claim admission, and I cannot in any way see how the composition alone can form the character of this or any other genus of Ferns. Kunze, though he does not adopt the genus Hypole- pis, yet often alludes to it as a genus of others, and in his ' Index Filicum in Hortis EuropjEis cultarum,' in vol.23 of the 'Linneea,' under C'Aei/aH/Aes, has distinguished by the letter (b) what would be Hypolepis, and it is quite bU HYPOLEPIS, clear from this that he is not guided by the composition of the frond, but by the nature of the involucre, separate and free and more or less approaching to orbicular: Jli/polepis, in fact, in the sense in which Bernhardi intended it. This is the principle I have followed in the genus as here laid down ; and if thereby I have not preserved Hi/polepis with so marked a natural habit as by the arrangement of Presl and J. Smith, yet I have weeded Cheilan- thes of several rather anomalous species of that genus, in which, as it now stands, the sori are more or less confluent, and border so closely upon Pfrris, that clearly defined limits cannot possibly be detected between them. Tbus, I have referred Adiantum radiatnm, L. (Cheilanthes, Br. and J. Sm. 3IS.) to Hi/polepis, rather than to Chcilant/ies proper, and others with a some- what similar habit. On the other hand, I have preserved Cheilanthes spec- tabi/is, Kaulf , in Hi/polepis, where Link and Presl and Kunze have placed it, although the involucres are frequently continuous. It is a remarkable fact in this species, that, sometimes, the sori are seen in nearly round dots, in other specimens elongated to a considerable extent. Such and other dif- ficulties are met with in almost every extensive genus of Ferns, and should lead us not to think harshly of others whose views on the genera of Ferns may happen to differ from our own. {Tri- quadri- pinnate, or more or less tri- qnadri- pinnaiijid. Hypolepis, Pr., J. Sm.) 1. H. ienuifolia, Bevnh. ; fronds ample quadripinnate raembrauaceo-charlaceous, primary pinnae ovate acuminate, secondary and tertiary lanceolate acuminate rather remote, pinnules narrow-oblong slightly falcate and acuminate entire or toothed or lower ones pinnatifid monosorous on the inner margin of the lobe, involucre semiorbicular submembrana- ceous, stipes slightly rough towards the base generally pale (sometimes darker) brown more or less hairy, rachis and mid- rib generally downy with crisped hairs, costa and often the underside of the pinnules slightly hairy and occasionally glandular. (Tab, LXXXIX. C.) — Bernhardi in Sdirad. Neues Journ. filr die Bot. i. p. 34. Presl, Tent. Pterid. p. 162, t. 6, /. 29. Lonchitis tennifolia, Forst. Prodr. n. 424. Cheilanthes arborescens, Sw. Si/n. Fil. p. 129, /. 336. C. dissecta. Hook, et Am. Bot. of Beech. Voi/. p. 75. — 0. lobes of the pinnules rather broader more membranaceous and her- baceous more cut at the margin. — y. lobes of the pinnules larger than in /3. more obtuse more coriaceous and still more cut at the margin, involucres larger more of the texture of the frond, the whole frond when dry rich yclrow or golden brown, hairs on various parts of the fern longer and more crisped. (Tab.XC.A.) Cheilanthes pellucida, Colenso, in New Ferns of New Zeal. p. 13. Hab. Tanna, New Hebrides, Forster, (v. s. in Herb. Banks.) Coral Islands, Bceckcy. New Zealand, Northern Island, All. Cunningham, Co- HYPOLRPIS. 61 lenso, J. D. Hooker, and others. Luzon, Cuming, n. 118 and 233 (stipes and lachis bruwner). — /3. New Zealand; Wahaki, Dr. Sinclair. Bay of Islands, J. D. Hooker. — y. Between Cape Brett and VVangarei Bay, East Coast, N. Zealand, near the coast ; scarce, and found nowhere else. (Tab. XC. A.) Rev. W. Colenso, n. 420. — Our specimens most in accordance with Forster's plant are those from the Coral Islands (some without any habitat jriven) in the late Capt. Carmichael's collection, and some of Dr. Hooker's from New Zealand. Forster's original plant is, however, rather more slen- der and the pinnae and pinnules more erect and attenuated than any we possess : and it must be confessed that the difllerence between that and our var. y. strike the eye, at first sight, as being very considerable. Certainly no ligure of any small portion of a plant will give an accurate idea of the species itself, still less of the varieties. Yet from New Zealand alone, I possess specimens which almost satisfy me that I am correct in making va- rieties rather than in forming species. Even of the most remarkable vari- ety, that of our valued friend Mr. Colenso, I find a specimen marked " N. Zealand, " from Capt. Carmichael's herbarium, which seems to unite 0. with y. — We have received this and other species from N. Zealand as " Chei- lanl/ies amhigua, A. Rich." : and we are not sure but this is the C. amhigua of Allan Cunningham, jndging from a specimen we have received from Mr. Heward. Richard expressly says of his C. amhigua, " Au premier abord, et quand les fronds sont bien developpees, on pourrait la prendre pour une espece de Polypodium. En effet les sores sont arrondis, distincts et nus, correspondant a chacune des dents ou divisions des lanieres. Mais si Ton examine ces frondes avaut leur epanouissement, on voit alors que les divi- sions sont recourbees en dessous, et qu'elles recouvrent completement chac- un des sores, en lui formant une sorte d'involucre, sans neanmoins changer de nature.'' (Voy. de 1' Astrolabe, Bot. i. p. 84). — All this seems to point to a Polypodium common in New Zealand, frequently confounded with our H. temdfolia, for its general aspect is very similar, probably identical with the New Holland Polypodium rugulosum. La Bill., and also with Cheilan- thes viscosa, Carm., of Tristan d'Acunha, (Polypodium, Spreng.) Li an old state of these, the teeth or lobules of the pinnules may be seen to form an arch over the sori without altering in texture : this however is very diffe- rent from the involucre of Hypolepis : as may be seen in a portion we have represented of the var. y. of the present species. (Tab. XC. A.) — There is probably some error in this species being called by Forster, and others after him, an "arborescent" fem. 2. H. Guianensis, K\. ; " rhizoraa .? frond tvipinnatifid ovato-acuminate, rachises and stipes yellowish unarmed subviscoso-pubescent, pinnae broadly lanceolate acute, secon- dary pinnae lanceolate falcate obtuse sparingly puberulous on both sides, beneath bright above brownish green, pinnules lanceolato-oblong subfalcate rounded at the apex obsoletely pinnalifido-lobale sessile." Klofzsch, in Linnaa, 1847, j?. 3:39. Hab. British Guiana, R. Schomburgk, n. 1 166. — " Frond 2 feet long. Superior pinnae 3 lower ones 6 inches long attenuate confluent towards the apices." — Of this species I know nothing, and nothing is said of the sori and involucres. 3. H. dicksonioides ; " frond ample ovate membranaceous VOL. II. K 02 HVPOLF.PIS. on both sides (move copiously beneath) glanduloso-pilose tri- pinnato-pinnatifid less divided at the apex, pinnie subopposite and as well as the primary pinnules ovato-oblong acuminate, secondary ones oblong obtuse pinnatifid, segments shortly ob- long subtruncate at the apex iuciso-serrate, the base above or on both margins soriferous, sori solitary, stipes and rachis fur- rowed above and as well as the creeping caudex reddish- yellow glanduloso-pilose." Kze. — Cheilanthcs dicksonioides, Encll. Prodr. Fl. Norf. p. 15. Kze. in Schkh. Fil. SuppL i. p. 13, t. 8. Hypolepis P^ndlicheriana, Presl, Tent. Pterid. p. 162, — ^. phyUochlcena ; indusio (spurio) frondoso. Kze. in Linncea, t. 17, p. 275. Hab. Norfolk Island, Bauer, (Kunze). — /i. Neilgherries, (A'm»i2<'). — Kunze in the work just quoted gives as synonymes, Endlicher's Cheilan- tlies dicksonioides and Presl's Hypolepis Eiidiicheriana, and in ' Linnaea,' xxiii. p. 243, he adduces Dicksonia davallioides, Br. Prodr. p. 158, (Sitolo- bium, J. Sm.) : but, judging from the figure, for I have never seen an au- thentic specimen of the species, I do not at all see how this plant differs from the New Zealand state of what I have considered a slight variety (13.) of Hifpolepis tenuifolia. At any rate it must be very closely allied to it, and I place it near to that, although its author compares it with H. repens, a species, as far as I know, confined to the New World. In the ' Linnaea' above quoted, too, Kunze gives his C. dicksonioides as a native of N. Hol- land.— Kunze again in the ' Linnaea,' xvii. p. 275, in describing the Ferns of the Neilgherry hills, notices a Cheilanthes (Hypolepis) which he does not distinguish from the dicksonioides except by the (spurious) frondose indusiura. 4. H. amni(rorachis ; "frond membranaceous piloso-sca- brous ovate acuminate bi- or tri-pinnato-pinnatifid less di- vided at the apex, pinna) petiolate divergent ovato-oblong acuminate the lowest ones opposite, primary pinnules de- current oblong obtuse, secondary ones sinuato-incised the segments nearly entire soriferous on both sides, involucres (spurious) herbaceous, rachises and stipes asperous purple- brown, rhizoma creeping branched squarrose with brown chaffy hairs." Kze. — Cheilanthes amaurorachis, Kze. in Lin- ncea, 1850, p. 242 {natne) and p. 300 (de.scr.) Hab. New Holland, Kunze, who compares the species with his Cheilan- thes (Hypolepis) dicksonioides ; but remarks, " minus composita, minor, rachi stipiteque purpurascenti-fuscis, laciniis subinlegerriniis nee inciso- serratis." 5. H. seiiyera; " frond below tri- above bi-pinnatifid mem- branaceous, the costa and secondary rachises upon the up- per side pubescent, pinnules sessile lanceolate acute deeply pinnatifid confluent towards the apex, segments oblong rather obtuse toothed, sori solitary at the interior margin of a tooth, llYl'OLliPlS. 63 involucies obsolete, stipes and universal rachis sparingly se- tose." Cheilanthes setigera, Biume, En. Fil. Jnv. p. 138. Hab. Lofty mountains of Java. — This and the three following species of Cheilanthes of Blume I refer to Hi/polepis (three of them from indivi- dual knowledge), because the author says of them in his Enura. Fil. Jav. p. 135, " lam liabitu quani forma sororura maxiuie cum Cheilanthe arhores- cente, Sw., congruunt;" and he adds " melius forsitan foret, species, quarum sori uuico laciniarum latcri insident, a ceteris, ut genus Cheilanthem inter et Z/oncA/^if/em intermedium separare." — Of the present, //. setigera, be re- marks that it differs from the following in the sharper pinnules, the seg- ments narrower and toothed, the universal rachis furnished with long setae. 6. H. alpina ; " Irond below tri- above bi-pinnatifid mem- branaceous pubescent, pinnules subsessile lanceolate rather obtuse deeply pinnatifid confluent above, sori solitary at the interior margin of the crenulations, involucres dentiform, stipes and rachis rough." Cheilanthes alpina, Bl. Eimm. Fil. Jav. p. 138. — B. frond coriaceous, pinnules acute, segments crenate the margins recurved, stipes and rachis tomentose. Bl. I. c. Hab. Summit of Mount Gede in western Java; ^. on the lol'ty mountains of Java, Blume. — "The place of this is after Cheilanthes re/pcns, Kaulf.'' 7. H. resinifera ; "frond below tri- above bi-pinnatifid subcoriaceous beneath resinoso-punctate, pinnules sessile lanceolate acuminate deeply pinnatifid confluent above, the segments oblong obtuse inciso-crenate subauriculate at the base above, sori solitary at the interior margin of the crenu- lations, involucres dentiform, rachis tomentose above, stipes rough." Cheilanthes resinifera, Blume, Enum. Fil. Jav. p. 138. Hab. Thick woods interior of Java, Blume. " Near the latter species (C. alpina), but distinct in the much acuminated pinnules, resinoso-farinose beneath, hairy, the lower crenule or laciuula of the segments larger on the upper side." 8. H. polypodioidcs ; " frond (ample) triplicato-pinnate, pinnules petiolate ovato-lanceolate acuminate bipinnatifid confluent above, secondary ones oblongo-lanceolate deeply pinnatifid, the segments obtuse subduplicato-serrate, sori dis- tinct, involucres dentiform, stipes and rachis pubescent sca- brous." Cheilanthes polypodioidcs, Bl. Enum. Fil. Jav. p. 139. Hab. Gede and other high mountains of Java, Blume. — " Cheilanthes arhorescens, Sw., differs from this in the glabrous frond and the solitary sori at the interior or superior margin of the segments : from C. resinifera it is distinguished by the larger triplicato-pinnate frond, and by the larger, acuminated primary pinnules." Bl. (ii llVl'OLEPIS. 9. U. pallida ; " iVond ample tiiplicato-piunate subco- riaceons, beneath (pale yellowish and) pubescent, pinnules petiolate oblong-lanceolate acuminate bipinnatifid confluent above, secondary pinnules oblong obtuse pinnatifid, the seg- ments obtuse crenulate, sori solitary on the anterior margin of the lacinife, involucres dentiform, stipes and rachis sca- brous toraentose above." Cheilanlhes pallida, Bl.Eiiwn. Fit. Jav. p. 139. Hab. Woody mountains, Province of Banlani, western Java. — " From Ch. arhorcscens, Sw., this is distinguished by its frond being pubescent be- neath ; from Ch. polypndioides, in the smaller and more rigid pinnules, the segments shorter, obsoletely crenulated, mono- rarely poly-sorous.'' — Of this and //. poli/podioides and alpina I have been favoured with portions of spe- cimens from the distinguished author, but they will hardly suffice to justify me in forming an opinion about them. They assuredlj border very closely on //. tenuifolia. 10. M. repeiis. Pre si ; fronds ample tri-pinnate between membranaceous and coriaceous yellow or tawny green (when dry) opaque, primary pinnse ovate acuminate, secondary ones lanceolato-acuminate glabrous or very sparsely hirsute, pin- nules or ultimate segments oblong obtuse slightly falcate en- tire or pinnatifid, lobes oval-oblong obtuse bearing usually a single sorus on their anterior margin, involucres small squa- miforni, stipes and principal rachises glabrous yellow-brown glossy aculeated. (Tab. XC. B.) Presl, Tent. Pterid. p. 162. Lonchitis repens, L. Swartz, Si/ii. Fil. p. 93. Willd. Sp. PL V. p. 464. Cheilanthes repens, Kaiilf. Enam. Fil. p. 215. Ch. aculeata, Kze. in Linniea, 1850, p. 245. Kaulf. in Bot. Zeil. 1823, p. 367. Hypolepis repens et aculeata, J. Sm.. Siebcr, Fl. Martin, n. 373. Plum. Fil. t. 12, (much exaggerated). — /3. ? inerniis ; rachises and stipes smooth (not aculeated). Ilab. Martinique, Plumier, Sieb. I. c. n. 373, {in Herb, nostr) Jamaica, Wiles, Dr. Bancroft, Purdie. Brazil ; Ilhios, Moricand, n. 2460 ; Organ Mountains, Gardner, n. 19L>. Galapagos, Capt. J. Wood, K. N. Tovar, CoUimh'vd, Moritz. {Herb. Sonder, n. 387). ^. ? New Grenada, Pttrrfie. — Plumier's figure, which is (juoted by the older authors as an authority for this plant, is, if intended for it, so exaggerated as only to tend to mislead. In the absence of any better authority we have taken our figure from Sie- ber's Martinique specimen, which (juite accords with our specimens from Jamaica and Brazil. — I am quite unable to decide on the place of Mr. Purdie's unarmed specimens ; for except that the pinnules are generally more villous and somewhat glandularly so beneath, and the stipes and ra- chis have no aculei, the Fern is quite that of our H. repens. 11. H. resistens ; "frond ample coriaceous hispidulous on the nerves and veins discoloured oblong the apex attenuated HYPOLEPIS. 65 subtiipiunate or tvipinnato-pinnatifid the apex move simple, primary pinna; remote shortly petiolate subopposile diver- genli-patent oblong attenuated with an upward curvature, secondary rather remote subsessile divergent from a broader base oblong attenuated slightly curved, tertiary approximate decurrent from the adnate base shortly oblong obtuse pinna- tifid, segments falcato-ovate obtuse sparingly crenate or with the pinnules sinuated the lobes suborbiculate, sori large situ- ated in the upper base of the lacinia solitary in the sinus rarely two, the second on the opposite side of the sinus, indusium marginal herbaceous, the costae beneath convex yellowish, sulcate above and together with the stout rachises and short or moderately elongated stipes purple-brown vis- cosely hispid, rhizoma creeping squarrosely piloso-paleace- ous, scales of a rusty colour." Kze. — Cheilanthes resistens, Kunze, in Li?ina;a, xvii. p. 275. Hab. Neilghenies (Kunze). — Instead of the copious specific character occupying just half a page of the 'Linnaea,' we wish the able author could have given us a figure, which would have been far more intelligible. We are not however at a loss for the affinities of this (if it be really distinct). " It comes near" he says " to the western Cheilanthes repens, Kanlf. : but differs in the stouter rachises, of a purplish brown colour, not aculeolate, but glandularly or viscidly hispid ; in the more coriaceous frond, in the distinctly crenalo-serrated pinnules, and the herbaceous indusium." 12. H. parallelogramma ; frond ample (10—20 feet long) nearly glabrous glossy bi- scarcely tri-pinnate subcoriaceous yellow-brown when dry, primary pinnae ovate acuminate, se- condary sessile or nearly so narrow oblong much acuminated subfalcate closely pinnated at the base (in some) the rest closely pinnatifid, pinnules and lobes adnate parallelogram, fertile ones sinuato-lobate at the margin the sinuses sorife- rous, involucres semikuiate hard coriaceous, stipes and rachis tawny brown rough with minute points scarcely aculeolate. (Tab. LXXVIII. A.) — Cheilanthes parallelogramma, Kze. in Linncea, ix. p. 83. Hab. Woody mountains of Pampayaco, Peru, Poeppig (in Herb, noslr.) Bamboo-grounds, rare, Tovar, Columbia, Moritz, (Herb. Sonder, n. 338). — My specimen of this from Dr. Poeppig had, evidently by mistake, a la- bel with the name " Dicksonia erosa, Kze." attached to it: a Fern found by that author in the same country. The present is well described by Kunze in the volume of the ' Linnsa ' above quoted. He justly observes " Similis C. repenti, Kaulf., sed abunde diftert.'' It is the most coriace- ous and glossy in its frond of any species of Hypolepis I know : the nerves of the pinnules are strong and prominent beneath : the texture thick and opaque. Our figure gives an excellent representation of a perfect pinna in the upper part of the plant : below, where the pinnules are again OO HYPOLEFIS. divided, they are more acute and acuminate. Kunze and Moritz and Poeppig describe the plant as attaining a length of 20 feet ! The fine specimen for which I am indebted to Mr. Sonder is 8 feet long. 13. H. nigrescenn, Hook. ; fronds ample straggling sub- niembranaceous 3-4-pinuate glabrous brownish black when dry opaque, primar}- pinna3 distant often opposite very patent ovate acuminate, secondary and tertiary pinnae rather short oblong moderately acuminated, ultimate pinnules or segments oblong obtuse pinnatiiid, lobes oval obtuse entire bearing a small single sorus on the anterior margin, involucres very small squamiform, stipes and principal rachis flexuose gla- brous polished dark brown aculeated. (Tab. XC. C.) H. re- pens, J. Sni.Enian. Fil. Philip, in Hook. Jouru. Bot. iii. p. 404. Hab. Jamaica, Wilson, Wiles, Purdic, {Herh. Hook, et J. Sm.) Cara- cas, Linden, n. 5 and 6. Luzon, Cuming, n. 271. — In words or even in a small figure it is scarcely possible to define the characteristic distinctions of this plant, which in many respects resembles //. repens. Mr. J. Smith in- deed published the Philippine Island plant as such, and stated that it exactly accorded with the ])lant of that name from Jamaica. This is so far true that he rightly considered the plant of Cuming identical with what he and I independently of each other had considered the //. repens ; that is, a Ja- maica Hijpolepis which accorded with the ordinary description of the H. repens. As already stated, however, I have adopted another form of Hy- polepis, viz., that of Sieber and Kaulfuss, as the true H. repens ; and the present species is at once, by the eye, distinguishable from that, by its more lax habit, more membranaceous texture, shorter pinnae, and much shorter ultimate pinnules, with fewer and smaller fructifications. The aculeated stipes and rachis are the same in both. 14. H. anthriscifolia, Pr. ; fronds ample tripinnate hairy on the midrib and veins beneath tender green membranace- ous, primary pinnae oblong ovate acuminate, secondary ones broad oblong acuminate, pinnules linear-oblong subfalcate deeply pinnatifid, lobes small uniform entire or one- or two- toothed bearing a solitary sorus in the inner margin, involu- cres small squamiform, stipes and rachis rich yellow-brown glabrous asperulous. (Tab. XCV. A.) Presl, Tent. Pterid. p. 162. Cheilanthes anthriscifolia, Willd. Sp. PI. v. p. 461. Lonchitis anthriscifolia, Bonj, MSS. Dicksonia, Kaiilf. Enum. Fil. p. 227, et Boj. Hort. Maur. p. 409. Cheilanthes commutata, Kze. in Lmneca, x. p. 542, (according to Drege's specimen). Ch.sparsisora, " Schrad. in Goet.gel. Anz. 1818, p. 918." Kze. in Linn(ea, x. j). 542. Hab. Woods in Bourbon, Bory, Cannichael. Mauritius, Bojer, Telfair. S. Africa, Villette, Miller, Dr. Alexander, DrSge, Zeyher, n. 4633. — A very elegant and delicate species, the pinnae and pinnules divided and cut with great regularity. I have the good fortune to possess specimens from Bour- bon, gathered there by Capt. Carmichacl. The Mauritius specimens are HVl'OLEPIS. 67 identical therewilli, and I am certain that those from the Cape liere adduced, and which have been taken up by Kunze under the name of CheUanthes commutata, are in no way difll-rent. I bring hither the CheUanthes sjiarsi- sora of Schrader, in coiise([ucnce of the remark of Kunze in the ' Linna;a ' above quoted, "Sequenli (his Ch. commutata — our Hyp. anthriscifnlia) oin- niuo similis videtur.'' 15. B. elata, Pr. ; "frond triangular (triplicate)- quadri-pin- nato-pinnatifid tender membranaceous, pinna3 and primary pinnules petiolale suballernale very remote ereclo-patent and as well as the secondary ones subsessile ovato-lanceolate very acuminate, tertiary ones oblong obtuse inciso-pinnatifid of si- nuated on each side slightly clothed with whitish hairs, sori and true involucres semiorbiculate situated in the sinus of the lacinia?, stipes elongated and as well as the rachis flexuose purple clothed with reddish chaffy hairs and rough." Cheilan- thes elata, Kze. in Linnaia, x. p. 542. Hypolepis elata, Pr. Hab. South Africa, in woods at Koratra, DrSc/e, (in Herb, nostr.)—^'' C. Bergiana diflers in the pinnae and pinnules not beinp: acuminated, in the segments being obliquely obovate and stipes short. C. sparsisora, Schrad., according to the very short diagnosis, has the frond less divided, the seg- ments nearly inciso-serrate : C. commutata lias the involucres fixed near the sinus, &c." — Our own specimen from Drege is so withered and badly pre- served that it would be difficult from it to speak of its affinities. As far as can be judged, it is little if at all different from Hi/polepis (or CheUanthes) aspera, Kaulf. sent also by Drege. 16. H. aspera, Pr. ; " fronds tripinnate, pinnules lanceolate pinnatifido-incised, segments subdentate, rachis asperous, sori solitary at the superior base of the lacinije, involucres squamiform-subreniform." Kaulf. — Presl, Tent. Pterid. p. 162. Cheilanthes aspera, Kaulf. in Linnaa, xi.jy. 186. Kzc. in Linncca, x. p. 544. Hab. South Africa, Ecklon, Drege. — If Diege's specimen so named, which I possess, be the same with Ecklon's described by Kaulfuss, the plant scarcely appears to be different from H. anthriscifolia : my specimen (a very perfect one) is more rigid and less deeply cut in the ultimate pinnules. Kunze, too, /. c, observes, "a precedente (C. comm2ifata, Kze., C. anthris- cifolia, Schlecht.) satis differre videtur, fronde rigidiori, subcoriacea ; piu- uis erecto-patentibus laciniis subdcntatis, rachique aspera :" and adds "a C. repente, Klfs. longius distat." Kaulfuss compares it with Hypolepis (Cheilanthes) repens, " cui proxima,'' he says : the latter differing in the obtuse pinnules dilated at the apex in the acnleated rachis and smaller involucres.— Indeed it may be truly said that all the preceding species and some of the following have a very close affinity with each other. 17. H. Bergiana ; fronds tripinnate thin tender-membra- naceous seniipellucid dark olive-green (when dry) sparsely hirsute on both sides with fulvous hairs, primary pinna) ovate moderately acuminated, secondary ones oblong rather obtuse, 68 HYPOLEPIS. tertiary ones or pinnules and primary lobes subovate rather oblique entire or pinnatifid, involucres (young) very small si- tuated at the inner margin of a lobe or lobule membranace- ous, stipes and primary rachises deep purple-black and as well as the secondary rachises and costa clothed with rusty hairs. — Cheilanthes Bergiana, "■ Schlecht. Adumbr. Fit. p. 51, (t. 30, adhuc inedita).'" Kiinze, in Lmnpi_(/) : numerous specimens from 4 inches to a span high : our largest are from Guatemala (Mr. SVmncr), 2—3 feet long, with fronds 24 — 26 inches in the spread of the rays. All authors have hitherto placed this plant in Adiantum : — Mr. Brown has, a quarter of a century ago, marked the Banksian specimens as belonging to Cheilanthes : and Mr. J. Smith, in his ' Genera of Ferns,' under Adiantum, observes that " the species of that genus with reniform indusia are distinguished from Cheilanthes with a similar indusium, not only by the indusium being sporangiferous, but also by the indusium being produced on the converging apices of two or more venules, whereas the sori of Cheilanthes are seated on the apices of single venules, which terminate in the axis of the indusium : hence Adiantum radiatum, L., is in accord- ance with that character a true Cheilanthes." — Agreeably to the view I have taken of HtjjMlepis it will rank here, and distinct as it is from other species it has much in common with the following, H. HYPOLEPIS. 78 27. H. pedata, Hook. ; fronds glabrous small (4 — 6 inches long) ternately-divided lower lateral divisions unequally bifid (ihe lowest and shortest one branched pinnate) middle division and superior branch of the lower division bipinnate, pinnules dimidiato-ovate acute obliquely cuneate at the base auricled at the base above, a few of the lower ones of the principal pinnaj subbipinnate or pinnatifid, sori marginal rather small not copious, involucres membranaceous oblong-reniform, stipes elongated (1 — 1^ foot long) ebeneous glossy as well as the rachis, which is slightly furrowed on the upper side. (Tab. XCIl. A.) Hab. Jamaica, Purdie. — This I consider a perfectly new and very dis- tinct species: in some, indeed in many respects, allied to H.radiatum, especially in the full dark green colour when dry of the frond, paler beneath, the opacity of the auricled pinnules, the immersed and (except when held up between the eye and a strong light) obsolete veins, the similar lateral involucres, the same ebeneous stipes and rachises. There is even a dispo- sition to be radiate in the ramification ; for the two lowest primary pinnae are nearly opposite, much longer than the rest ; and they at the base send out each a divaricating branch (pedate), forming with the terminal or central primary pinna a deeply 5-angled frond. It is an exceedingly pretty plant, and very constant to its characters in all the numerous specimens I possess. 28. H. spectabilis, Link ; glabrous, fronds 2 feet or more long broad oblong acuminate submembranaceous bright green (when dry) 3-4-pinnate, primary pinnse deltoideo-acurainate secondary ones lanceolate ultimate ones subdimidiato-oblong sessile decurrent at the base the upper ones confluent, all nearly entire, sori very small not numerous on both margins fewer on the lower very small squamiform nearly white dis- tinct or sometimes confluent, stipes elongated and as well as the rachises ebeneous glossy. (Tab. LXXXVIII. B.) Chei- lanthes spectabilis, Kaulf. En. Fit. p. 214. Cheil. Brasilien- sis, Raddi, Fil. Bras. p. 60, t. 75, f. 2. Hypolepis, Presl, Tent. Pterid. p. 166. Aspidium coniifolium, Pr. Hal). Brazil. Common about Rio. Organ Mountains, Gardner, n. 198. Pernambuco, Swainson. S. Brazil, Sellow {in Herb, nostr.) Rio Grande,il/r. Fox {Herb. n. 123). — Raddi's figure above quoted is a fair representation of the entire plant. A common state of the fructification is as represented at our Tah. LXXXVIII. B., while it must be confessed that other speci- mens exhibit the involucres more or less confluent, and this plant has per- haps as strong a claim to Cheilanthes as to Ifi/polepis. Some of my speci- mens are nearly 4 feet long, including the almost Mack glossy stipes. I think it ranks belter near //. radiala and //. pedala than with Cheilanthes, as I am disposed to consider the limits of the latter genus. 29. H. paupercula ; laxly tufted, frond ovato-acuminatc 7-1 ilYPOLEI'IS. 5 — 8 inches long chartaceo-membranaceoiis pellucid pale green bi- subtripinnate, pinnules distant elliptical approach- ing to rhomboid very obtuse at the apex and the base petio- lulate deciduous, petiolule short intensely black glossy dilated at the apex and inserted a little within the margin beneath, veins and marginal sori lew remote, involucre j^ale membra- naceous subrotund rather large, stipes and rachises dark black-purple glossy slender. (Tab. LXXXVIII. C.) Adian- tum ])auperculum, Kze. in Schkh. Fil. Si/ppl. ii. p. 65, /. 127. Cassebeera micromera, ^Hort. Berol.'' Klotzscli, in Herb, nostr. Hub. Province of St. Jago, Cuba, Linden, n. 1864. — A very remarkable plant, but assuredly rather referrible to Hi/polepis or Clieilanthes than to Adianlum. lu age the involucres are often seen spread open, yet uot bear- ing the sori. The shape of the pinnules is very constant, and a great pe- culiarity, noticed though not represented by Kunze, is the dense black short petiolule to each pinnule, which on careful inspection will be found to be attached to the pinnule a litlle within the margin, and there articulated: from this petiole the pinnule is easily detached, and the petiole remaining on the rachis is seen to be dilated at the top into a small disk, which is the point of attachment. I know not that this curious species has been found anywhere but in Cuba and by Linden. Some of our specimens are tripin- nate, as represented by Kunze. 30. H. Gardneri, Hook. ; tufted small (3 inches high), fronds oblong-lanceolate pinnate glabrous, pinnae sessile ho- rizontal herbaceous oblong obtuse subfalcate entire or slightly lobed dimidiato-cuneate at the base and auricled at the base above, sori several approximate marginal extending to the auri- cle, involucres membranaceous between reniform and semior- bicular rather small, stipes very short (scarcely any) and as well as the rachis glossy purple-black ebeneous. (Tab. XCII. B.) Hab. Side of a narrow ravine on the summit of the Serra de Natividade, Brazil, Gardner, n. 3556. — Perfectly distinct from any other Hi/polepis or Cheilanthes, and the fructification is entirely that of the present genus. Notwithstanding the simply pinnated character of the fronds it must natu- rally, in the habit and texture of the fronds, auricled pinuffi, and in the po- sition and arrangement of the sori, and in the ebeneous stipes and rachis rank with the two preceding. The roots are tufted, very fibrous. As in H. radiata and //. peduta, the venation is not visible (s;ive in the young pinnae) unless held up between the eye and the light, it will then be seen to be pinnated, and that the sorus originates from a single vein. I have seen no other specimens but those of Mr. Gardner above referred to. Dubious Species. Hypolepis Sellowiana, Klotzsch, in Hook. Herb., does not appear to possess an involucre, on which account I do not describe it here. It is a Brazilian plant, and 1 know not if Dr. Klotzsch has anywhere published it. (JHElLANTHIiS. 75 4. Cheilanthes, Sw. (Hook. Gen. Fil. tab. CVI. B.) Cbeilanthis Sp., Sw. ct Auct. Adianti, Allosori, Pteridis, Cassebeerse, Nutholenw, Hj'polepidis Sp., Auct. Sori subglobose, marginal, small, generally upon a lobule or loolh of the margin of Uie frond which becomes veflexed. Involucre usually at first punctiform, semiorbicular or subre- niforra or oblong, formed of a reflexed tooth or lobule and more or less of the texture of the frond, or membranaceous and diaphanous, entire or jagged or toothed or ciliated, more or less confluent, so as often to be continuous; sometimes its situation is a little intramarginal. — Tropical or extratropical mostli/ small Ferns, inliahiting dry rocky places, with a tufted root or rather short creepimj rhizoma or caudex. Fronds tufted more or less, often densely so, membranaceous, gla- brous, or hairy, woolly or more or less scaly, never sim- ple, more or less compound, rarely sim2)ly pinnate, bi- tripinnate or variously pinnaiifid, pinnules and segments generally small, their margins recurved in fructification. Stipites and principal rachises usually ebeneous (dark purple-black) and glossy. Veinlets forked, free, conspi- cuous or obsolete, their apex bearing a single sorus. Vain is the attempt to form any definite character which shall decide the proper limits of this Genus. A glance at the above synonyms will suf- fice to show the views that different authors entertain respecting; it. From Adiantum indeed the habit is very different, as well as the position of the sori upon the involucre in Adiantum ; on the margin of the frond in Chei- lanthes, (%ejXoj, margin, and avQcg, a flower). In separating Hi/polepis from it, I have been induced to refer to that Genus (by no means generally adopted), species which many would retain, and perhaps justly, in Cheilan- thes. But a much greater difficulty exists in drawing the line of distinc- tion between Notholena, on the one hand, and Pteris or AUosoriis, on the other. Notholena is characterized by the absence of an involucre; but in the young stale of many species the reflexed margin of the pinnule can hardly, if at all, be distinguished from a true involucre: while, in old spe- cimens of some acknowledged species of Cheilanthes, the involucre is so forced back by the capsules, and concealed by them, that its presence is not easy to be recognized at all, especially in those species where the invo- lucre is of the same texture as the frond. Then with regard to Pteris and Allosorus, it is quite certain that where the involucres of Cheilanthes are confluent, as is so frequently the case (not so in true Ili/polepis) and conti- nuous, the fructification to all appearance is that of Pteris and Allosorus. It is true that in most cases the specimen, in some of the pinnules, does exhibit free and punctiform involucres, (as we have observed of some of the HypoU'pis genus) : but there are numerous other cases of species, referred 7() CHFILANTHES. to Cheilauthes, where all the involucres are continuous. Geuerally speak- ing, the less the margins of the pinnules are lobed or divided, the more continuous and Pteroid are the involucres. The difficulties above stated are well and briefly noticed by Presl. " Sori demum confluentes vel sub- continui, aut Pleridi aul Allosaro subsimiles. In quibusdam Cheilanthis speciebus, e. g. in C. microphylla, C. odora, et cael., indusium tam angus- tum observatum, ut nonnunquara vix adesse videalur ; tales species, si sori confluxi marginem frondis undique occupant, Nolholemt simulant.'' Re- moving several species of original Cheilauthes to Casseheera does not seem to me to lessen the difficulty of defining Cheilanthes ; and assuredly in na- tural habit they have nothing to do with the original Casseheera. — I find it vain to attempt to form any well-defined groupes of the species of Cheilan- thes. The ramification is very variable on the same or different specimens of a species : and those four groupes here given must be accepted as merely provisional. (Fronds simply pitinate). 1. Ch. 7)1 icropter is, Sw. ; small, e^'ei-ywhere clothed with glandular hairs, caudex horizontal scaly, roots caespitose wiry fibrous, slipites short densely crowded from one point ebene- ous glossy copiously rufo-paleaceous at the base, fronds li- near 3 — 4 inches long pinnated, pinnae alternate ovale or subrotund crenate at the base obscurely toothed or lobate convex on the upper surface, involucres formed of the mar- gin of the lobes 3 — 5 on each pinnule often confluent convex much infiecled. — Sw. Si/n. Fit. pp. \'2G et 324, t. 3, /. 5. Willd. Sp. PL V. 2^. Abb. Hab. Pelileo, Quito, (Swartz). Brazil, Sellotv, (Klolzsch, in Herb. nostr.) Sierra do Tondil, Argentine republic, Tiveedie. — It would be a great boon to the students of Ferns, if the species of Ferns were in general as distinct as the one now under consideration. It is from a finger's length to scarcely a span high, the slipites densely tufted upon a short thick hori- zontal scaly caudex, which sends down numerous wiry fibrous roots. The short stipes and simply pinnated frond as well as the rachis are glandularly hairy: the pinnules are small, generally deflexed, convex, crenated or lo- bate, the teeth or lobes of the crenatures are recurved upon the under sur- face of the frond and constitute the involucres. Cavanilles is perhaps the first botanist who was acquainted with this species, and he sent it to Swartz under the MSS. name of Pteiis microphylla. It appears to be a rave spe- cies. Notwithstanding that it is said to be a native of Quito, and that I possess many excellent collections of plants from thence, I have never re- ceived this from that quarter. My only specimens were gathered by Sellow in (South) Brazil, and in the Argentine provinces by Tweedie. (PinncB or pinnules large for the Genus, broad ; while and poivdeiy beneath). 2. Ch. argentea ; small glabrous glossy brown a little scaly below, caudex short thick creeping, stipites tufted, frond cordately 5-angled tripartite white and pulverulent beneath, CIIFvILANTHKS. 77 each of the three primary divisions pinnatifid, at their base bipinnatifid, the inargin crenated, iiivohicres incnibranaccous brown conducnt transversely waved and crenated. Kze. in Linna-a, 1850,/?. 24-2. Ptcris argentea, Gmel. in Nova Acta Petro'p. xii. /. 12, y: 2. Swartz, Si/n. Fil. p. 105 (not Br.) Langsd. et Fisch. Plaiifes ties Voy. lin.ss., Fil. p. 19, /. 22. AUosorus, Presl. Cassebeera, J. Sm. Pteris pedata, var. Linn. Hab. Siberia, Gmdin ; in the fissures of rocks, near the river Katunja Altai, Ledchonr. Besides from Altai, I possess specimens of tliis rare and ele- gant little Fern from KanUschatka (Herb. JJcsscr), from Uahiiria (Fischer), and from Lake Baikal (Turczaninoic). — Tliis has the look of a tropical spe- cies, with its white powdery siufacc beneath, and possesses a form so mrrch reserablinff the West-Indian Ptcris (AUosorus) pedata, Linn., that Linnsus considered it a variety of that species, and published it as such, with the observation, " planta Sibirica minor et snbtus nivea, margine fcrrngineo.'' It will be seen by the synonyms what conflicting opinions there are respect- ing the proper genus of this plant. It ranks naturally near Ch. furinusa ; but the involucres are always continuous, as in Pteris or Allosurtts, but waved and crenated. 3. Ch. farinosa, Kaulf. ; roots tufted, stipites more or less elongated ebeneons glossy deciduously scaly, fronds snbcori- aceous from a span to a foot long deltoidly lanceolate or lan- ceolate glabrous white and powdery beneath pinnate the apex pinnatifid acuminate, pinnae mostly lanceolate pinnatifid the one or two lowermost pair more or less half deltoid bipinna- tifid below, involucres brown scariose rounded sometimes confluent and then waved and lobed, the margin entire or toothed and jagged. Kaulf. Eniim. Fil. p. 212. Hook, et Grev. Ic. Fit. t. 134, excl. Syn. Reliq. Htenk. (involucres small entire). Pteris farinosa, Fdrsk. Fl. JEyypi. Arab. p. 187. Vahl, Symh. iii. /. 75. Sicartz, Sipi. Fil. p. 105. Ch. deal- bata, Don, Prodr. Fl. Nep. p. 16. WaU. Cat. n. 71, [e.vcl. sah- nnm. 4). Schimp.in Herb. It. Abyss. n. 1123. Kunze, in Lin- ncea, xxiv. p. 271. Pteris argyrophylla, Sw. Syn. Fil. p. 105. Pt. argentea, Bory. Pt. decursiva, Fdrsk. et Sw. Cassebeera, J. Sni. AUosorus, Presl. — jS. powdery substance beneath nearly obsolete and usually pale sulphur colour. — y. sn)all, compact rigid. Ch. rigidula. Wall. Cat. n. 2175. Hab. Arabia, Forskal. Abyssinia, near Ser Acaba, Schiinper. East Indies, plentiful. Nepal and Simla and adjacent region, Edgeworth, Wal- lich. Lady Dalhousie. Mussouree and Nynee Tab, Dr. T. Thomson. Al- mora, 5,000 feet of elevation, ]\/cssr.sa and the Pteris fari- nosa, published in 1775, of Forskal, it is probable that authors differ from us on that ground rather in consequence of the locality (Egypt) than from any positively distinct character traceable in Forskal's description or Vahl's figure : few probably have seen authentic specimens. Kunze however observes (' Linna;a,' xxiv. p, 274), " Cheilanthes (Pteris, Fiirsk.) farinosa, Kaulf. — non Hook, et Grev. — ipso b. auctore in recensione operis laudati jam testante, ab hac nostra differt et adhuc tantum in Arabia et Abyssinia (coll. Schimperiana sub n. 1123) reperta est. DifTerre imprimis videtur pin- nis remotioribus, indusiis contiguis et indumento pulveraceo tenuiore." — We have no access to Kaulfuss' Egyptiaco-Arabian specimen ; but we have before us Schimper's Abyssinian species, n. 1123, and we have no hesitation in saying that it is identical with the ordinaiy East Indian forms above notefl. If then Abyssinia and Arabia be considered its western boundary, it may be traced thence easterly, almost uninterruptedly to Java and the Phillipine islands. Species growing in so vast a range may be expected to vary considerably. The same root, from Abyssinia, of Mr. Schimper, has one frond quite white and pulverident beneath, and another frond with only a faint trace of powdery substance : and this makes it doubtful if our following species {Ch. rufa) should be retained as such. No less striking dif- ferences occur in the involucres, sometimes rounded and distinct, at other times continuous for a great length of the margin, more or less lobed and cut (rarely entire), and more or less toothed or ciliated. Our /3. is never quite des- titute of powdery substance : and I have received from Mexico (Galeotti) what I cannot in any way distinguish from it. y. is a small and compact form, with segments closely packed and so narrow that the back of the frond seems all sori. — Some specimens of Ch. farinosa from Mishmee and Assam have scattered scales all the way up the rachis beneath. 4. Ch. pnlveracea, Pr. ; "fronds triangular-oblong gla- brous bipinnatififl, pinnaj suboppositc sessile deeply pinna- tifid, laciniic linear-oblong obtuse sinuato-dentate white and farinose beneath, the lower external lacinia^ the longest, invo- lucres squamaiform, stipes paleaceous at the base." Presl, lieliq. Hank. i. p. 64, (excl. syn.) Ch. Candida, Mart, et Galeotti, Fil. p. 73, t. 20, /! 1, C excl. f. 1, «."; Kunze, in Linnaa, xviii. p. 638. AUosorus pulveraceus, Presl, Tent. Pterid. p. 153. CHKILANTHES. 79 Hab. Mexico, Hcenhe. Rio Grande de Lerma, Galeotti, n. 6442. On rocks and walls in the temperate regions of Mexico, Siebold, in Ilcrh. nostr. — To this plant Presl hrings as synonynics the Pteris argyrophylla, Willd., and Pt. arjientea, Bory, "fide plants Boryanee in Herb. VVilld., " which are the sanie as our Ch.farinosa, (Pteris, F'ursk.) Martens and Galeotti, ignorant of Presl's name for it, figure and describe it (not very satisfacto- rily) under that of Ch. Candida, and they add the remark, "species proxinia Ch. farinosa;. Hook, et Grev., sed in hac pinnaB nee pinnata nee profunde pinnatifidae." We have never seen the ordinary state of Ch. farinosa, with the copious pure white purverulcut substance beneath, from Mexico : but Mr. J. Smith and myself possess from Galeotti (Oaxaca, n. 6551) what ex- actly corresponds with our var. ^. of Ch.farinosa : so that there is good reason to believe that that species and its varieties may be found in the New as well as the Old World. Kunze does not allow that the "fig. I, a" be- longs to Martens and Galeotti's plant : but it is probably as faithful as most of the other magnified figures of those authors. Presl, in his ' lleli- quias Haenkeanae,' observes of this plant, "Habitus Pteridis, sed pro specie Pteridis non agnosco, quia indusium non continuum sed squameeforme, et tot quantum son : '' yet in his 'Tentamen Pteridilogije' he refers it to Pte- ris (AUosorus). Kunze contends for its being a true Cheilantkes. The fact is, the involucres resemble those of other species of this genus in being some- times squamaeform and distinct : sometimes combined and continuous. 5. Ch. rufa, Don ; roots tufted, stipites rather short with few spreading scales and shaggy as is the whole rachis with very copious spreading ferruginous hairs, fronds about a span long ovato-lanceolate subcoriaceous hirsuto-pubescent above, white and pulverulent beneath, the margin densely ferrugineo- hirsute pinnate pinnatifid at the apex, pinnae oblong very ob- tuse pinnatifid, the lower ones subovate sub-bipinnatifid, invo- lucres dark brown membranaceous approximate and free or continuous and waved and crisped or lobed and toothed at the margin often quite concealed by the copious ferruginous tomentose shaggy hairs. Don, Prodr. Fl. Nep. p. 18. (Tab. XCIX. A.) Ch. farinosa, var. vestita. Wall. Cat. «. 71, (4). Hab. Mareko, Nepal, Dr. Wallich. Rocks, Mergui, Mishmee and Khasya, Griffith. Simla, Edgeicorth. — In none of the numerous states of Ch. farinosa, do I find anything approaching to hairiness : in the present plant, from four different localities, the shaggy copious ferruginous hair, long spreading on the stipes and main rachis, quite crisped and woolly at the margin of the frond, is quite a remarkable feature. The fronds, too, are less divided, in the lower pinna) especially, but on this character very little dependance can be placed. In other respects, and especially in the white pulverulent under surface (though often quite concealed by the hai- riness) the plant resembles some states of Ch. farinosa. — Here are, at any rate, tangible characters, if constant. Original specimens, given by Mr. Don to Mr. J. Smith, show this to be intended for his Ch. rufa. so CHEILANTIIKS. ( Phiiuc or pinnules lanje for the Genus, broad ; not white or pulverulent iior scaly beneatk). a. Ch. Dt(Uioi/silant, as are the Ch. mulli/ida and hirla of Java with those respective plants of South Africa, CHEILANTHIiS. 81 (Pinntc and pinnules as in the preeeding (/roup, but densely clothed with imbricated scales). 8. Ch. squamosa, Gill. ; roots tufted, stipites 1 — 2 inches long and as well as the general and partial rachis and costa and pinnules beneath densely clothed with and concealed by the copious large ovate acuminate ciliated membranaceous ferruginous scales, fronds 4 — 5 inches long ovato-lanceolate bipinnate subcoriaceous glabrous and naked above (fringed with the scales beneath), ]>innules large oblong sinuato-lobate, involucres submembranaceous narrow continuous. Gill, in Hook, el Grev. Ic. Fil. tab. 151. Hab. Kocks, Cerro del Morro, San Luis, Argentine Republic, Dr. Gil- lies.— A most distinct and well-marked species, which, as far as we know, has never been detected by any botanist save Dr. Gillies. It has no natu- ral affinity with the preceding broad-pinnuled species, nor has it any with the scaly species allied to Ch. lendigera. (Fronds generally decompound, the pinnules small, glabrous or hairy or scaly. — Eucheilanthes). 9. Ch. fragrans, Webb et Bert. ; small, roots caespitose, stipites short glossy deep brown bristly with deciduous subu- late ferruginous scales, fronds glabrous ovato-lanceolate bipin- nate or at the base sublripinnate, primary pinnaj broad-ovate lower ones distant, pinnules (fructiferous) convex on both sides oblong or ovate crenato-lobate, involucres copious small ap- proximate one or more on each lobule their margin toothed or crenate pale and membranaceous often confluent. — Webb et Berth. Pliylogr. Canar. p. 453 (non Sw.) — Polypodium fra- grans, Linn. Mant. 2, j). 307, (non Sp. PI. p. 1550). Desf. Fl. All. ii. p. 408, t. 257. Pteris acrosticba, Balb.~Viex'\s fragrans, Za^.— Adiantum fragrans, Viv. Cheilanthes odora, Sw. Syn. Fil. p. 127 et 327. Schkuhr, Fil. p. 115, t. 123. Ch. suaveolens, Siv. Syn. Fil. p. 127. Schkuhr, Fil. p. 116, tab. 19, (Adiantum fragrans, on the plate). Sibih. Fl. Grcec. t. 966. Ch. Maderensis, Loive, Nov. Fl. Mad. p. 6. Hab. Rocky places throughout the region of the Mediterranean. " Ci- ves est hx'c planta'' says Mr. Webb, " orx- utriusque sinus ingentis Medi- terranei, a Syria (Labillardiere) ad Hispaniam, unde per Lusitaniam et Maderam Fortunatas attingit." Switzerland is perhaps its most northern locality. Dr. Alexander finds it in Dalmatia. We have to add one very distant locality, viz., Affghanistan, Mr. Griffith, n. 13, in herb, nostr. — The student of Ferns is much indebted to Messrs. Webb and Berthelot for de- termining the proper name and settling the synonymy of this sj)ecies in their noble work on the Canary-island plants. They observe, " Linna;us plautam nostram sul) nomine Po/ypodii fragrant is (M"ant. nov. Sp. Phmt.), quam secum a Gallia communicavit doctus monachus Gabriel (cui Sco- 82 CHKILANTHES. lopendra Gahrielis, Syst. Nat. vol. i. p. 1003 dicata) optimc descripsit. Confusio et speeierimi pciturbaliones cum Swaitzio, quod laruiii, orUe, qui noinina duo divrisa plaiilre LinnaiaiifE, Liiinasanuni alteri Indies, nisi for- san cadcni, indidit ; plauta enim valdc; polymorplia ; utcunque autem erit Cheilanthi (Polypoilio, Linn.) fnKjranti veraj resiiluendum nonien suum et Swaitziana, duni Icgilima, Clicilanthes Swartzii vocanda." — Polymovphous as this species is, it is much kss so than most species of the Genus or of the Family : and we can refer to the ligures of Schkuhr, both his tab. 19 and 123 (ihoujrh he considered the two plants as distinct), and to Sihthorpe, and Desfontaines, for faithful representations of the entire plant: but the fructification is nowhere well exhibited. Irregular as is the form of the in- volucres, and however these may be distinct or combined, it will be observed that while their lower portion or base is evidently formed of the inflexed margin of the frond, green and herbaceous, the rest is a pale membranous dilatation as it were of it. 10. Ch. tenuifolia, S\v. ; caudex short creeping scaly, sti- pes elongated rarely scaly, frond submembranaceous glabrous 3 — 4 inches to a span and more long ovate acuminate or more or less deltoid subtripinnate, ultimate lobes of the primary and secondary divisions the largest more or less pinnalifid, pin- nules elliptic oblong or oblong-lanceolate subpinnatifid or crenate with broad blunt teeth, involucres mostly elongated more or less confluent more or less crenated or denticulate sometimes transversely wrinkled, stipes and rachis purple- black, main rachis winged above, secondary and tertiary ra- chises all with a narrow wing. (Tab. LXXXVII. C.) — Sw. Sijn. Fil. p. 129 et 332. Schkuhr, FiL p. \\7,t. 125. Willd. Sp. PI. v. p. 460. Br. Proclr. p. 155. C. rupestris. Wall. Cat. n. 67. C. micrantha. Wall. Cat. n. 68. Aspidium te- uue, Retz, Ohs. vi. p. 39. Pteris humilis, Forst. Proclr. n. 421 } Trichomanes tenuifolia, Burtn. hid. p. 237. Dryo- pteris campcstris, &c., Rumph. Amh. vi. p. 11, t. 34,/! 2. Ilab. East Indies {Sivartz), more especially in the hilly eastern provin- ces of Bengal. Pundooh Mountains, Sylhet, Tavoy, Dr. Wallich. Moul- main and throughout Khasya and Assam, Griffith, Mrs. Mack. Madras Peninsula, Dr. Wight, {n. 136). Mangalor, {Herb. Hohenacker, n. 666). Ceylon, Gardner, n. 1257, Mrs. Gcnl. Walker, Major Champion. Malay Islands and Peninsula, fretiuent. Sincapore, Sir W. Norris, Seemann, n. 2304, Dr. Wallich. Malacca, Griffith. Peiiang, Lady Dalhousie. Java, Blume, Zollinger, Thos. Lohb. Phillipine Islands, Chiming, n. 28] . Chi- na, Strartz, Beechey. N. Holland, Port Jackson and the Tropics, Brown, Fraser. Swan River, Drummond. Van Diemen's Land, Mr. Lairrence, Mr. R. Gunn. New Zealand, Banks' Peninsula, Dr. Lyall. Sunk Island, Mr. MacGillivray. — A widely distributed onVntaZ species of Cheilanthes, both in the northern and southern hemisphere, variable in size and outline, but very constant in the general ramification and form of the pinnules, al- though these latter naturally difler much in form in dift'crent parts even of the same plant. Our finest and most perfect specimens are those of Mr. Thos. CHEILANTIIES. 83 Lobb, from Java and Sincapore : and our figure above quoted will give a better idea of the plant than whole pages of description can do. 11. Ch. Preissiana, Kze. ; " frond coriaceous glabrous short-oblong bipinnato-pinnatifid or tripinnate, pinnic trian- gular-oblong inleiior ones ascending remote, pinnules or la- ciniaB from a cuneate base ovate (in young cultivated fronds trapezio-ovate) rather obtuse incised or pinnatifid, sori sub- continuous, involucres at length inciso-laciniate, rachises flexuose and as well as the longish stipes purple-cbeneous paleaceo-villous, rhizoma short horizontal fusco-paleaccous." Kimze, in PI. Preiss. ii. p. 112. Hal). Rocky places, York district, Swan River, Herb. Preiss. n. 1308. Island of Bouron, LahiUardierp. New Zealand, Lesson. — " Antea," says Kunze, /. c, " banc plantam Cheilanthis ambigua, Rich. (Voy. de I'Astrol. Bot. i. p. 83) credidi ; sed nunc filicem eandeni Lessouianain, quam ex aniicaj manu Merattii acceperam, a Richardo nejjlectam, et Cli.ambiguam vix veraui generis speciem esse vero similius mihi videtur. Hanc nondiim vidi. Nostra babitu Ch. temiifolue, Sw., baud absiniilis ; differt rachibus pilosis, stipite longiori et suris conlinuis.'' Kze. I. c. — I regret to say that rich as is my herbarium in Swan River Ferns, and in those from New Zea- land, I do not find any that I can satisfactorily refer to Kunze's Ch. Preis- siana. The Cheilanthes ambifjua, Rich., I have bad reason to suppose might be possibly Hi/polepis ieindfolia, Bernbardi, and of this work, or else a Po- li/podium with the habit of Hypolepis (Pol. viscosum, Spreng. — P. rugu- losum, Br. P). The comparisons drawn by Kunze make it more difficult to comprehend the species in question. 12. Ch. Sieberi, Kze. ; caudex creeping setaceo-paleace- ous, stipites 2 — 6 inches long and as well as the rachises ebeneous, fronds quite glabrous subcoriaceous linear-oblong erect rigid bi-tripinnate, primary ones short pointing upwards lower ones petiolale subtriangular acuminate, pinimles ob- long decnrrent lower ones inciso-pinnatifid upper ones entire or sinuated the margins much recurved especially when dry, sori punctiform and semiorbicular or more or less combined and continuous, the edge pale and membranaceous toothed. (Tab. XCVII. B.) Ku»ze, Ind. Sem. Horl. Lips. an. 1839, et in Plant. Preiss. ii. p. 112. Ch. tenuifolia, Sieb. Syn. Fit. w. 116. Fl. Mixt.n. 250. Link, Fit. Sp. Uort. Berol. p. 64, (excl. syn.) Hab. N. Holland ; Sydney, Sieber, Fraser. Subtropical interior, Cul. Mitchell. Endeavour River, Allan Cunningham. Swan River, Drum- mond, Preiss. — New Zealand, nortbern island, Mr. Colenso, J. D. Hooker, Dr. Logan. Middle island, Akaroa, Raoul. Houraki Gulf, Dr. Lyall. — I retain this, with much hesitation, as a species distinct from Ch. tenuifo- lia : true indeed there are some specimens which in the narrow fronds and erect rigid habit are much at variance with the ordinary form of tenuifolia; 84 CHEILANTHES. but then there are inteimcdiate foiins which seem to combine them. I cannot agree with Kunzc in saying of it, "a Ch. Icnuifolia, Sw., abunde d\Seilfio7i(le memhranacca : " for our specimens are, except those in a very young state, more rigid. That author also notices its affinity wiih Ch. rti- pestris, Wall., — which latter is true (enuifolia. 13. Ch. micropliylla, Svv. ; caudex subiepent, stipes rather short and rachises dcciduously ferrugineo-pubescenl or hir- sute, fronds lanceolate pubescent or glabrous elongate lan- ceolate bi- rarely subtripinnatc, pinntc lanceolate, pinnules oblong obtuse entire or more or less crenate or pinnatifid, involucres copious rounded or elongated frequently much confluent.— ^V. Syn. Fit. p. 127. IVil/d. Sp. PI. v. p. 458. Ch. micromera. Link, Hort. Berol. ii. p. 3(i. Link, Sp. Fil. Hort. Berol. p. 64, (Jide Kze.J Ch. pubescens, H. B. K. (Jide Schlceht.) Cassebeera, J. Sm. Adiantuiu microphyl- lum, Sic. Fil. Ind. Occ. iii. p. 1713. Adiantum nigrum, &c., Sluane, Jam. Hist. i. p. 93, /. 13, /. 2. Lonchitis minima, &c., Plum. Fil. p. 44, t. 58. Hab. West Indian Islands generally, {Swartz). Jamaica, abundant, 3PFadi/en, Ilartwetj, n. 1581, Wilson, Pitrdie. Cuba, B.D. Greene, Esq. Mexico, Karivinski, Galeolli, n. 6557, and 6564, Dr. Coulter (Rio del Monte, small, pinnules few, broad, n. 1678). Sierra Madre, N.W. Mexico, Seemann,n.\m\. New Mexico, El Paso, C. Wright, m. 823, (small). Columbia, Morilz. Venezuela, Linden, n. 842. Peru, Matheivs, n. 3297. Valley of the Andes of Peru, 6000 feet, Dr Jameson. Punla of St. Elena, Salto and Panama, Tweedie. — To say that this is a variable species, is only what may be said of almost all Ferns : and I do not see that any the most minute description can meet the difficulties of the case : for they rather tend to confuse and to mislead. The general form of the frond is tolera- bly well expressed in Plumier, though on his usually exaggerated scale : but there are some slates that bring our species into near relationship with Ch. tenmfolia : our largest specimens on the other hand have an affinity with some states of Hypolepis spectabilis. The involucres are particularly variable, sometimes short and orbicular, at other times linear and continu- ous, approaching, as so many of these plants do, to Allosorus : — this depends doubtless much on the entireness or indentation of the pinnules. Our El Paso specimens from Mr. C. Wright, are small, quite glabrous (not from age), and the caudex is decidedly creeping. They may prove a different spe- cies. Galeotti's n. 6564, though rather small, has the pinnules larger than usual. Mr. Seemaun's from Sierra Madre, has some fronds with the invo- lucres continuous ; others with the sori all small and distinct. 14. Ch. Tiveediann, Hook. ; caudex a good deal creeping horizontally, clothed with subulate brown bristly scales, sti- pites scattered on the caudex short in proportion to the frond slender ebeneous a little scaly towards the base, fronds quite glabrous a span to a foot or l^^ foot long linear-oblong bipin- nate, pinnae short distant oblong or ovate, pinnules membra- CIIEILANTIIES, 85 naceous dark green distant oblong but subcordatc at the base and the lower ones shortly stipitatc (only 2 or .3 of the termi- nal ones decnrrcnt and continent) lobato-pinnatifid or crena- to-lobate the lobes soriferous, involucres seraiorbicular 1 — 3 on each lobe more or less combined their edges pale submem- branaceous crenate. (Tab. XCVI. B.) Hab. River Parana, S. Brazil, Tiveedic. — I cannot refer this to any de- scribed species. In habit it approaches very small specimens of our Ilypo- Icpis speclabitis, and might perhaps have l)een placed near it in (he same questionable genus ; in some repects also to states of C'/i. micropla/lla : — but the ramification is much more simple and uniform. Our tallest speci- men (and it is only a part of a frond, 17 inches long) is not broader than our specimens which are less than a span long, and all are alike bipinnate. The lower pinnules are shortly petiolate or stipitate. The caudex creeps considerably, and is scarcely tliicker than a crow-quill. — I have received this plant only from Mr. Tweeilie. 15. Ch. Seemanni, Hook.; roots tufted, stipites 3 — 6 inches in length scaly below with black subulate scales and as well as the general and partial rachis ebeneous-purple, fronds gla- brous submembranaceous dark green about equal in length to the stipes oblong-lanceolate bipinnate, primary pinnae ra- ther distant oblong acuminate patent, pinnules often quite opposite horizontally patent oblong sessile and decurrent so as to form a narrow wing on the rachis lobato-pinnatifid, lobes or segments equal in size generally one or two moi*e on the n])per margin, all soriferous, involucres one on each lobe se- miorbicular membranaceous pale brown all free and distinct. (Tab. XCVII. A.) Hab. Sierra Madre, N.W. Mexico, Sccmann: — came mixed with ?j. lf)31 (C/i. inicrophi/l[a,Sw.) — At first sight this resembles Ch. Ttceediana, but the pinnae will be found very different, and the deep segments or lobules of the pinnules, more in number on the upper margin than on the lower ; each lobule bears a distinct sorus at its apex, covered while young with a semiorbicular membranaceous and diaphanous involucre. Although mixed with Ch. microphylla, there is no diffunilty in separating the one from the other. 16. Ch. Morilziana, Kze.; stipes 5 — 6 inches long ebeneous glossy ferrugineo-paleaceous at the base, frond ovato-lanceo- late acuminate a span to 10 inches long firm rigid yet some- what membranaceous dark green glabrous 3 — 4-pinnate or tripinnato-pinnatifid, the ultimate pinnules oblong-cuneate slightly lobed or toothed, ])artial and universal racbises jnibes- centi-scabrous, involucres small generally formed of the invo- lute apex of a single lobe rarely subconfluent. (Tab. XCIX. B.) Kze. in LinncBa, 1850. p. 244 et 307. C. elongata, Kl. MSS. VOL. II. N 86 CHRILANTHES. el PI. Exaicc. (not Willd.) C. raicrophylla, Klotzsch, in Linna>(i, xx. p. 837, fe.vcl. syn. C. Klolzschiana, Kze, quce Gymnograinma flexicaulis, Kl.J Kze. Hab. Venezuela, and in Mexico, Schiede, 7i. 800.— Our fisme and spe- cific charaetcr are taken from specimens kindlv sent to us by Dr. Sonder, gathered at I-a Guayra l)y Moiitz, {Coll. III. 7i. 263). It is a very ele- gant and we believe very distinct species, belter deserving the name of micmphylla than the Ch. 7nicrophi/lla, Svv., with which it has been com- pared, and which Kunze says differs " frond e ba si baud dilatata, semper bipiiinata, pinnis ultimis majoribus, rachi primaria valida stipiteque brevi dense rufo-paieaceis.'' To us its nearest affinity seems to be Ch. tenuifo- lia; but it is much more delicate in all its parts: the primary pinnae arj more numerous, more approximate, and the ultimate pinnules and lobes are move cnneate at their base. Our figures will show the differences better than words can do. 17. Ch. elongaia. Willd. Herb.; " fronds bipinnate, lower pinnules sinuato-pinnatifid obtuse glabrous, indusiura obso- lete subcontinuous." Kaulf. En. p. 213, (not Kl. MSS.J C. Linkiana. Kze. C. microphylla, Lk. (not Sw.J Kunze, in Linnoca, xxiii. p. 213. Hab. \V. Indies, Hispaniola, {Kaulf) — "Son. contiguous confluent. Involucres obsolete, sub-continuous and ciliated." — Such is all the descrip- tion we have of Willdenow's Ch. elongata. But from some of Kunze's re- ferences I judge it may be placed near Ch. Moritziana, Kze. 18. Ch. ohtusata,Fr.; " fronds oblong glabrous bipinnati- fid, pinnae sessile subopposite oblong-lanceolate obtuse deeply ])innatifid, laciniae ovato-oblong obtuse, lower ones inciso- crenate, involucres dentiform, rachis and costse villous be- neath, stipes flexuose, caudex creeping paleaceo-villous." Presl, Reliq. Hcenk. p. 6, i. 11,/. 1. Tent. Pterid. p- 160. Hab. Mountains of Peru, Heenke. — " Ab affini Ch. microphylla, Sw., dif- fert froude bipinnatifida, laciniis infimis inciso-crenatis, rhachi costaque villosis, caudice repente villoso." I have seen no Cheilanthes like this from the Peruvian Andes. The figure shows no analysis, and nothing is said of the fructification. 19. Ch. crenata, Kze.; "frond linear-oblong pinnato-pin- natifid glandulosely hairy, pinnae subopposite sessile ovato- oblong, segments ovate or shortly oblong truncate ultimate ones confluent crenate subincised, involucres at length obso- lete, rachis pale and as well as the stipes short brown and paleaceous at the base glandiilarly rough." Kunze, in Lin- van, ix. p. 84. Hab. Rocky places, Huanuco, Pern, elevation 6,200 feet, Poeppig. — " Cheilanthis species fallax, in juniori planta recognescenda. Specimina (;in:ii,ANiin:s. 87 adultiom ob iiulusia sjunui I'vrc cxpliinatii Pn/i/pndii cliaraclcrcs prcr se I'e- rinit." — I place this, with which 1 am unac(|uaiiitecl, near Ch. nbtmata, I'lcsl, in consctiucnce of ihc lollowinp addilional icinark ol" Kuuze. " Ma};- nituilo el hahitu fere Ch.nbtusahr, I'r., ([ua; vcro nostra cliffert, laciniiscre- uato-incisis et indiuiiento {^hmduloso." — In another phicc Kunze speaks of his Ch. crcnala as synonymous with Ch.iiegam, when he says ('Liniia:a,' xxiv. p. 275), under Ch. bullala, " hubitu fere Ch. elet/untis, Desv., s. cre- mila meae." 20. Ch. Wrighliiy Hook. ; small nearly glabrous, caudcx creeping bvanclied scaly about as thick as a crow-quill, stipi- tes rather distant 2 — 3 inches long and as well as the main rachis brown-ebeneous grooved on one side sparsely hairy with slender spreading hairs, frond about equal in length with the stipes bi- scarcely tripinnate quite glabrous rigid snbcoriaceous dark green above pale beneath, ]niniary pinn;e subovate in circumscription rather distant especially the lower pairs which arc nearly opposite, ])innules oblong more or less decuirent upper ones confluent piunatifid with smallish lobes, the smaller lobes with the apex levolute and forming squa- ma)form but close-placed distinct involucres the larger ones with the sides (generally) involute resembling confluent or more or less elongated involucres. (Tab, CX. A.) Ilab. Collected in the expediton from Western Texas to El Paso, New Mexico, May — October, 181!), Charles Wright, n. 823.— A small aiid very pretty, and as far as I can judpje, very distinct species, somewhat allied in its fructifications to the East Indian Ch. varians of Dr. Walliuh, but very much smaller and with ample distinguishing characters from that. C/e. Alahamcnis is a much larger plant, more regular in its ramification and very uniform in the continuous involucres, as may be seen by the figures. The present is, in its squamiform involucres, much more truly a Cheilanlhcs. 21. Ch. suhvillo.m. Hook. ; stipes shining brown slightly scaly, frond broad-lanceolate or ovate pinnate thin submem- branaceous glabrous above, soft villous about the rachises be- neath, pinna) all obtuse upper ones lanceolate the rest broad deltoid-lanceolate or ovate pinnatifid, rarely the lowest laci- niae again i)innatifid, the margin nearly entire, involucres of nearly the same colour and texture as the frond sometimes subrotund and free mostly continuous lobed and crenated, main rachis especially above villous. (Tau. XCVIH. B.) Hab. Western Himalaya, Mr. Edycworlh. — With a good deal the as- pect of our Ch. Dalhomhc, the present plant is nevertheless very distinct and perhaps ought to be referred rather to AUosorus (Presl) than to Chci- laulhis ; for the involucre is more generally continuous than in separate scales, though so lobed and crenate that it (juite vacillates between the two genera. I have seen nothing corresponding with it in any other eolleetion. Our specimens have unfortunately no root, and the stipes of all is broken. 88 ClllilLANTHES. The fiK'Ures represent a medium sample. In one of our specimens the pin- nae are more, and in another lcss,"divided than is here represented. 22. Cli. hnl/osa, Kze. ; " iliizonia short thick obliquely descending," stipites C — 8 inches long terete aspevoiis at the base and as well as the rachis and stout prominent ])artial rachis beneath which extends to the apex of the pinnic deej) glossy ebeneous, frond rigid coriaceous glabrous (dark olive- brown when dry) oblong-lanceolate opaque above and there under the microscope as it were minutely granulated pinnato- pinnalifid C — 8 inches long, pinnx- i-ather distant nearly op- posite the lower ones sometimes sub-bipinnate ovato-oblong " patent deeply pinnatifid the lobes linear crenate on the lowest inferior ones often again pinnatifid singularly bullate on the upper side in consequence of the sunken costa and veins (the spaces between them thus being convex), the primary lobes of the pinnie are rather distant, so that the piunte may almost be said to be pinnate with a winged rachis, the margins of the lobes and teeth of the crenatures are much reflexed and form seraiorbicular involucres pale at the edge which become united and more or less continuous and slightly erose at the margin in age becoming more membranous. (Tab. XCVI. A.) Kiinze in Linnoiay xxiv. p. 274. Hab. Neilgherry Hills, Schmid, Koch ( Kunzs), Dr. Gideon Thomson. — " Species valde insiguis," as Professor Kunze well observes. That able author compares it with " Ch. elegans, Desv. {Ch. crenata (Kze.), in habit ; but with Ch. pruinafa and Mysurensis in characters. It is however very dis- tinct from any of them and from every species. The stipes and main and par- tial rachis are stout, glossy purple-black, the former asperous at the base ; the partial rachis singularly stout and prominent beneath, and its glossy black colour extends to the apex of the pinnie. The upper side of the frond is remarkable for its very opaque surface, apparently caused by minute gra- nulations there, and the costa or partial rachis and veins are much simk, so as to give a bullate appearance, which suggested the specific name given by Kunze. 23. Ch. pyymcea., Kl. ; " frond ovate bipinnato-pinnatifid, pinnules obovato-sublrapeziform obtuse inferior ones pinna- tifid, rachises and stipes densely ferrugineo-villose." Kl. in Linmea^ xx. j)- 338. Hab. Mexico, E. Aschcnhnm, n. 563, (Klotzsch). — " Rhizoma ascending, slender, pale ferrugineo-villous. Fronds 3 — 4 inches long, subHexuose. Stipites slender, at length glabrous, becoming black. Pinna; lanceolate, obtuse, 5 lines long. Pinnules obliquely subtrapezifovm, pinnatifid, ob- tuse, sparingly pilose beneath, H line long, shortly petiolate." Kl. This is placed next Ch. microphi/lla in Dr. Klotzsch's Filices of the ' Flora der iEquinoctial-Gegenden der neuen Welt ; ' but I know not whether we are thence to infer tliat its afiinity is with that species. No further remarks, than the above, are given. CHEILANTIIES. 89 24. Ch. varians ; root tufted, stipites 4 — 0 inches long slender cbeneous glossy plane and margined on the upper side obsoletely setoso-paleaceous, fronds submenibranac(;ous glabrous about a span long the ])innatifid apex acuminated, pinnated above bipinnated below, primary pinnae distant spreading or a little curved upwards sessile, superior ones lanceolate acuminate sinuato-piunatifid at their base and somewhat auricled at the upper base, lower ones deltoid acu- minate pinnate at their base pinnatifid acuminated (caudate) in the u])])er half, pinnules lanceolate acuminate or acute pinnatifid below, the lowest inferior pinnaj the longest. (Tab. CI 1 1. A.) Pteris varians, fVall. Cat. n. 80. Pt. cajspitosa, Ejusd. Cat. n. 90. Cheilanthes tenuifolia, J. Sinilh, in Hook. Lond. Journ. Bot. iii. p. 404, (w. " 408," from Luzon only). Hab. INIountains of Ava, and of Sylhet {De S;/lva), Dr. Wallich. Mcf- gui, Assam, (Simons, n. 26'2). Kliasya, Griffith. Moulmaiue, T. Lobb, n. 391. Luzon, Cuming, n. 408. — Though by no means inclined to unite this, with Mr. J. Smith, to Cheilanthes tenuifolia, I am not indisposed to refer it to the same Genus, though it is very questionable whether it should be placed in Cheilanthes or in Pteris, as our friend Dr. Wallich has done : and if this latter distinguished and zealous botanist were to ask a reason for doing so, I could only say that the fructification is in part Cheilanthoid and in part Pteroid. I am sure if Mr. J. Smith had possessed our nume- rous specimens from Eastern Bengal, and observed their uniformity, he would not have referred it to any described species of Cheilanthes. Dr. Wallich's appropriate name of varians refers to the varying form of the pinnae on the same individual plant; the upper ones are simple and scarcely even lobed, the middle ones are deeply pinnatifid at their base, while the lowest ones are pinnate at their base. The Pt. ccespitosa, Wall., oflfers no point of difference from Pt. varians. Wall. 25. Ch. Alabame)isis, Kze. j caudex creeping clothed with dense glossy brown woolly scales, stipites 4 — 5 inches long deep glossy black as well as the main and lower part of the secondary rachis which are hairy on one side, fronds quite glabrous subcoriaceous about as long as the stipes broad lan- ceolate acuminate pinnated pinnatifid above below bipinnate, primary pinnae approximate ovate-lanceolate acuminate, pin- nules or lobes of the upper pinna lanceolate rather acute en- tire or auricled or lobate at the base, pinnules of the lowermost pinna? almost again pinnate, involucres submembranaceous mostly continuous all round the lobes and pinnules the edges slightly crose. (Tab. CIII. B.) Kze. in SilUman's JouHn. 1848, /). 87. Linncea, 1850, p. 242. Pteris Alabamensis, Buckley, in Sill. Journ. 1848, p. 177. Pteris gracilis, RuqeL Coll. PL Am. (not Kaulf.) 90 CHEILANTHES. Hiib. Southern Uiiilecl Slates, growing: in tufts on limestone rocks, banks of the Tenessee river, Alabama, Mr. Buckle;/. Broad river, Tcnessee, Ru- gel. Capville, Upper Georj^ia, Ilcrh. Shuttleworth. — Notwithstandin};; the remark of Professor Kunze, that this is a very distinct species, to me it ap- pears to be too nearly allied to some of the forms of Ch. microphijlla ; the form, I mean, having the most compact and acute pinnules, and with con- tinuous invohicres. Indeed Kunzo himself says "it resembles Ch. micro- viera, Sw., and my Ch. Liukiana, (Ch. microraera, Link).^' This Ch. miaomera of Link, Kunze has since referred to Ch. microphylla : and we may, in this form, conceive that Ch. microphylla has attained its northern limits in the Southern States of N. America. 2f>. Ch. Aloluccana, Bl, ; "frond bipinnate subcoriaceous and as well as the rachis and stipes pubescent, pinnules obo- vate obtuse crenulate confluent above, sori continuous, invo- lucres obsolete, stipes and rachis black-purple." Blume, En. - Fil. Jav. jo. 136. Hab. Banda, in the Molucca Islands, Blume. " Locus inter Ch. micro- phyllam, Sw., et Ch. vestitain, Sw." Bl. 27. Ch. KleinJioffil, Bl.; "frond pinnate pubescent beneath, pinnae subopposite ovato-oblong obtuse repando- crenulate, upper ones entire, lower ones auriculato-trilobate, involucres obsolete continuous, rachis and stipes pubescent." Blume, En. Fil. Jav. p. 137. Hab. Java. " Ex herbario javanico CI. Kleinhoff sub nomine Acrosticho appendiculato, Willd. accepi." Bl. — The above is all the information we possess respecting the two supposed species, Ch. Moluccana and Ch. Klein- hoffii, Bl. 28. Ch. multijida, Sw. ; caudex short thick slightly creep- ing clothed with black subulate scales, roots tufted fibrous, stipites 4 — 6 inches long plane and marginate above on the upper side terete below a little scaly at the base and as well as the rachises stout rigid deep ebony-black glossy, fronds glabrous deltoid-ovate acute when young often with glandu- lar dots beneath tri- below quadripinnate coriaceous (in fruit), primary pinnce subopposite broad ovate subdeltoid petiolate, pinnules or segments oblong pinnatifid, lobes subrotuud con- vex each bearing 2 to 4 subrolund flattish appressed pale brown submembranaceous distinct involucres. (Tab. C. B.) Sw. Syn. Fil. p. 129 et 334. Blume, Fil. Jav. p. 157. Ch. Capensis, Eckl. in Un. It. n. 168. Adiantura globatum, Poir. Hab. Cape of Good Hope, in rocky and stony places ; extending as far aS'All>any, {Harvey, in Herb, nostr.) St. Helena, Benne/l, in Herb, nostr. Roximryh, in Herb. Banks. Lofty mountains of Java, Blume, in Herb, nvstr. — If the sterile pinna? and pinnules of this be alone inspected, its affi- nity with Ch. Mysurensis is considerable : — but the very different outline of the much more compound fronds, broadish below, will invariably distinguish CHEILANTHES. 91 it. Bliime's specimens from Java, and those from St. Helena, arc identical with OUT numerous ones from South Africa. 29. Ch. triatigula, Kze. ; " frond triangular thick coria- ceous glabrous tripinnatc, pinna? and pinnules pctiolate re- mote patent, secondary pinnules or lacinia; oblong obtuse sinuato-lobate marginate the margin inflexed crenatc, involu- cres marginal and as well as the sori at length diffuse conti- guous, stipes and rachiscs flexuose rigid purple slightly hairy, caudex short." Kmize, in Linncea^ x. p. 536. Hab. Caffraria and near the Cape, Ekhm. Rocky places in the Sneeuw- bergen, Witbergen and Compasbcrg, Drege. Natal, Krauss, n. 385. — " In habit resembling Ch. multifida, Sw., but differing in the triangular fr00 — 9,500 feet above the sea, Galeotti, n. 6430. Guatemala, Skinner. High mountains of Sierra Nivada, Santa Martha, Purdie, {very fine). — j3. Cordillera of Vera Cruz, Linden, jj. 49. Galeotti, n. Cy256, and n. 6467 annan''s Am. Journ. 1848, p. 87, fnamc and remarks). Hab. Mexico : raised from spores taken from a native specimen by Pro. fessor Link. Southern United States of America. Nortb Carolina, Rugel (according to Kunze) : also sent to Dr. Kunze by Dr. Asa Gray from Te- nessee. Rattene mountains, bead waters of the Colorado, Qonlon, in Herb, nostr. Collected in an Expedition from Western Texas to El Paso, New Mexico, Ch. Wright, n. 816. — Brief as is tbe account given us of Ch. to- mentosa by Professor Link, we can have little difficulty, though we do not possess authentic samples, in referring to it our specimens of Cheilanthes from Mr. Gordon and Mr. Clias. Wright. Link well observes, " frons 6 — 8 pollices longa, pinnfe vix poUicem longffi, petiolus (stipes) cum rachi pills lougis squamiformibus albis : " and further, " affinis Ch. vesiiUe, at differt primo intuitu rachi dense et albo-pilosa, qua; in Ch. vestita pilis laxe posi- tis ferrugineis obsita." Our specimens have the hairs of the u])per surface and margin white, while the tomentum beneath is tawny : — the aspect is much whiter than any of our specimens of Ch. vestita. The whole plant, too, is stouter, intermediate in this respect between Ch. vestita and the fol- lowing, Ch. Bradhurii : — but the chief distinction fi'om the former {Ch. vestita) is to be found in the presence of the erect appressed scales on the sti- pes, rachis, and especially on the under side of the secondary rachises, much the same character, indeed, by which Ch. myriophylla is distinguished from Ch. lendigera, only here the true scales are less numerous, and confined to the underside of the principal rachises, and scarcely conspicuous enough to justify our placing Ch. tomentosa in the following sub-group. 40, Ch. Bradhurii, Hook. ; root of copious fibres from a short thick horizontal caudex, stipites clustered 5 — 8 inches long stout brown and ebeneous scaly with long glossy ferru- ginous subulate scales at the very base, the rest and the ra- chises densely clothed with long tawny soft woolly hairs mixed with very slender long paleaceous ones, fronds oblong-lanceo- late rigid 8 — 12 and even 14 inches long 3 — 4-pinnate slightly woolly with white deciduous hairs above permanently woolly with short tawny wool beneath, primary pinnules rather dis- tant lower ones more so and petiolate all oblong subacurai- nate, pinnules small oval or obovate entire or only lobed as an indication of more compound pinuation, the margin re- curved with a pale distinct membrane at the edge constituting the nearly continuous involucre. (Tab. CIX. B.) Hab. Southern United States, Manitou rocks, 250 miles up the Missou- ri, Mr. Bradburi/. Texas, Drummond, second collection, n. 254 ; Lindhei- mer, Fl. Texana Exsiccata,fasc. iv. w. 743. "Jamaica, Mr. Wiles," (given me as such by Mr. Lambert ; but possibly one of Mr. Bradbury's, so named by mistake). Affghauistan ? Griffith, in Herb, nostr. — Very closely allied to Ch. tomentosa, Link, it must be confessed ; yet I think distinct in its stronger, stouter habit and larger size, more tawny (for the sparse white hairs on the upper side do not give the hoary appearance so conspicuous in Ch. tomentosa), the absence of real scales (although the hairs are often 98 CIIEILANTHES. paleaceous), ihc more oval pinnules, but above all the distinct and rather broad membranaceous margin to the involucres. All the characters of our American specimens exist etiually in the Affghanistan ones.— As Mr. Lam- bert, I believe, possessed a full collection of Mr. Bradbury's plants from the Missouri, I cannot help expressing a suspicion that the specimen he gave me as from " Mr. Wiles, Jamaica,'' is a Missourian one. 41. Ch. Szoviizii, Fisch. et Mey. ; roots densely tufted from a short thick caudex, stipites crowded 2—4 inches long slen- der and as well as the principal rachises ebeneous somewhat hairy mixed with copious long spreading subulate scales, fronds 3 — 4 inches long oblong-lanceolate quite glabrous above densely woolly and generally tawny beneath tri-sub- quadripinnate, primary pinnae ovate acuminate approximate or distant, pinnules small subrotund or subcordate sublobate, terminal ones often larger and oblong, the margin revolute forming nearly a continuous involucre the edges obscurely membranaceous. Fisch. et Meyer, in Hohenacker, En. PL Prov. Talijsch,p. 11. — a. niidiuscula ; woolly covering short and entirely confined to the underside of the pinnules. (Tab. XCIV. B.) Cheilanthes suaveolens, ^., fronde subtus villoso- hirsuta, Hoheiiacker, in Herb, nostr. — &. Stocksii ; woolly covering of the under-side of the frond exceedingly dense tawny, so copious and spreading as at first sight apparently to invest the whole frond. Hab. a. Rocks near the fort of Schuscha, in Talysch, province of Kara- bagh, Caucasian Alps, Honenacker. Crevices of rocks, Pushut, Kooner- Kafanistan, in Affghanistan, Griffith, n.U, in Herb, nostr. Indus valley, 7,500 feet ; rocks, Kashmir ; and in Western Tibet, 8,500 feet. Dr. T. Thomson. — /3. Chihil Tun, Scinde, Dr. Stocks, n. 1020, in Herb, nostr. Affghanistan, with a., Griffith. Iskardo, valley of the Indus, 7,000 feet. Dr. T. Thomson. — So closely does this Cheilanthes resemble in habit and ramification and woolliness the North American Ch. vestita, that notwith- standing the respective countries are so widely apart, I was disposed to con- sider it at first a local variety of that species : but when in conjunction with the different locality I find that our oriental specimens, gathered in several regions, have the upper side of the frond invariably glabrous (however densely woolly the under side may be), and that there are always copious scales mixed with the hairs on the stipes and rachises, I consider it safer to keep them distinct: and our Tab. XCIV. B. exhibits a faithful representation of the less woolly state originally found by Hohenacker, and obligingly com- municated to me many years ago by its discoverer, under the name of Ch. suaveolens (meaning out frag rans) ^., frondibus subtus villoso-hirsutis. The size and ramification do indeed considerably resemble that species : but the vestiture and involucres are quite different. 42. Ch. vestita, Sw. .? roots tufted, stipites 3 — 4 inches long slightly scaly at the base flexuosc and as well as the main ra- chis ebeneous and laxly woolly, fronds about as long as the CIIEILANTHES. 99 Stipes lanceolate or ovato-lanceolate tri-quadripinnate hirsute with longish soft hairs above and, at the margins beneath and on the partial rachis, densely woolly the wool more or less tawny, primary pinnaj ovate the lower two pairs generally remote upper ones more crowded, pinnules small nearly or- bicular obscurely crenato-lobate at the margins the terminal pinnule generally larger and more oblong, the margin recurv- ed and forming the nearly continuous involucres not membra- nous at the edges. (Tab. CVIII. B.) Sw. Syn. Fit. p. 128 ? Schkuhr, Fil. p. 1162, /. 124? Willd. Sp. PL v. p. 456. Ch. lanuginosa, Nutt. MS. in Herb, nostr. Adiantum vesti- tum, " Spreng. Anleit. m. p. 122." Aspidium lanosura, Sw. Syn. Fil. p. 58, (Willd.) Nephrodium lanosum, Mich. Am. ii. p. 270. Notochlaina vestita, Desv. J. Sm. — |3. smaller, tripinnate, primary pinna? all distant. Hab. N. America. Not unfrequent in the Southern States ; westward to Texas and El Pasco (New Mexico), C. Wright., n. 818. Missouri, St. Louis, Engelman, (vav. (i) ; Independence, Nuttall, to the Rocky Moun- tains in about lat. 52''. California, and New Caledonia, Oregon, Douglas. — What we here describe and figure as Clieilanthes vestita is, we know, the plant so considered by American botanists, and is no doubt the Nephrodium lanosum of Michaux, Fl. Bor. Am. (1803), and he properly describes the fronds as "lanosissimse." Swartz, however, who adopts Spreugel's (prior?) specific name, vestita, given in a work to which I have no immediate access, describes the fronds as hispidulous. Schkuhr adopts the same terra, and figures a plant, the under side of which gives no idea of the really woolly nature of the frond ; having, moreover, entire oblong pinnules, with a soli- tary terminal involucre. — The hairs of this species are everywhere crisped and woolly, very dense on the under side, often sparse and deciduous on the upper side. Lendigera-group. ** Very scaly. 43. Ch. scariosa^ Pr. ; caudex 3 inches and more long de- scending radicose the summit densely crinite with ferruginous chaffy hairs, stipes 1 — 2 inches long and as well as the rachis and lanceolate bipinnate frond (about a span long) clothed above with dense silky wool and beneath everywhere with closely imbricated white diaphanous ovate scales ciliated and villous at the margin often rich brown in the centre, bipinnate, pinnae short lanceolate of 5 — 9 almost globose coriaceous pinnules glabrous above woolly beneath crenato-lobate at the margin, the margins involute and forming the involucres. (Tab. civ. A.) Pr. Reliq. Hank. p. 65. Kunze, in Lin- na;a, ix. p. 85. Acrostichum scariosum, " Willd. Sp. PI. v. 100 CIIEILANTHES. p. 125." Stv. Syn. Fil. p. 16. A. lanuginosnm, " Willd. in Act. Erford. 1802, p. 31, /. 3,/ 4." Hal). Mountains of Peru, Dnmhcy, Prcsl. Fissures of rocks between San Rafael and Huarriaca (Huanaca?), Peruvian Andes, Pocppig. Lime- stone rocks ascending the Cordillera from Tarma, Andes, Peru, Mat/uws, n. tilO, MncLean. — I have not had tlie opportunity of seeing the figure of this plant published by Willdenow, nor have I any specimens iVom Mexico, where tlie plant is said by Willdenow to have been found, and where it was detected by Karwinsky, according to Kunze. Our Peruvian specimens are extremely distinct froni Ch. lendifjera, to which Presl says it is " maxirae affinis," nor should we be at all disposed to say with Kunze, " Ch. squamosa, Hook, et Grev. t. 151, diffevt fronde bipiunala." Presl remarks that Willdenow's specimens are " quadripinnate." Ours are bipinnate, as Swarlz and Kunze describe the species : but so dense is the mass of silky wool on the upper side (springing indeed from the rachis but covering and concealing the whole frond) and so dense the mass of scales beneath, that it is only by carefully removing these cover- ings that the true nature of the ramification or the pinnules themselves can be seen. It is an extremely beautiful white and silvery species, pro- bably rare : for ourselves, we have only received Andine Peruvian spe- cimens from Messrs. MacLean and Mathews. When dry, the pinnae are very apt to roll or to be reflexed back towards the upper side of the rachis. — I dare not quote the Ch. scariosa of Dr. Klotzsch, ' Linurea,' xx. 338 as a synonyrae to our plant. His is a plant from Caraccas, of Moritz, n. 33, and he further quotes Hartweg's n. 1518 from Columbia, both of which are clearly what we here consider Ch. elegaas, and he quotes Ch, lendigera of Presl, not his Ch. scariosa, which latter, nevertheless, I think is clearly ours, for he speaks of the frond as " squamis lauceolatis scariosis albis diaphanis densissime obtecta.'' Willdenow, too, the original authority for our plant, expressly says, " singularis filix fronde bipinuata ex toto squamis albis ni- tidis oblecta ita ut de pinnulis nemo aliquid observet," which could not be said of Moritz' n. 33, nor Hartweg's n. 1518: a species of Cheilanthes that must have been familiar to Willdenow. Klotzsch, on the other hand, gives the Herbarium of Ruiz and Pavon as containing his Ch. scariosa " in An- dium montibus ad Huanuci et Tarini tractus," which seems to be exactly the region of our plant. He further quotes a Peruvian plant of Dombey's herbarium from Peru, and Mr. John Smith has a specimen of our Fern from Doinbey in his collection. Dr. Klotzsch however oflers no disticntive remarks on his species. 44. Ch. myriophylla, Desv. ; roots tufted, caudex scarcely any nodose clothed with black bristly appressed scales, sti- pites tufted 3 inches to scarcely a span high clothed as well as the rachises with copious ash-coloured hairs, the rachises have in addition copious ovate or ovato-lanceolate pale brown membranaceous ciliated ovate or lanceolate scales which co- ver and conceal the under side of the pinnules, fronds 4 — 6 — 8 inches long oblong or lanceolate rigid subcoriaceous tri- subquadripinnate, primary pinnae oblong subacuminate rather closely placed, secondary pinnse linear-lanceolate, pinnules CHEILANTHES. 101 Hiiniile sessile orbicular and subglobose from the inflexcd fructified margins glabrous above very liairy beneath, involu- cres a continuous mcnibrane forming a pale edge to the recurved margin (the hairs of the partial rachiscs and of the under side of the pinnules often long and crisped and more or less enveloping the whole of the minute pinnules). (Tab. CV. A.) Desv. in Journ. de Botanigne, ii. p. 44, /. 13, /. 1. Kiinze, in Linrnea, ix. p. 85 ? Ch. elegans, Kunze, accord- ing to his specimen (of Poeppig) from Peru, in Herb, nostr, H. B. K. Nov. Gen. Am. i. p. 22, (according to Kunze). No- tholasna mollis, Kunze, in LinncBa, ix. p. 54, (according to his specimen from Poeppig in my Herbarium J. Hab. South America, (Desvaux). Andes of Quito, Jameson. Loja, Equador, Seemann, n. 948. San Rafael, Euanuco, elevation 6,000 feet, Peru, Poeppig, MacLean. Chacapoyas, and Purrochuca, on dry sandy banks, Alathetvs, n. 607. Bolivia, Pendand. Sta. Martha, Purdie. Toluca and near Oaxaca, Mexico, Andrieux. — A species first distinguished from Ch. lendigera by Desvaux. It is much smaller than that, has tufted stipi- tes springing from a small nodose caudex, narrower fronds, copiously clothed at the back with scales (springing from the rachises) as well as hairs, smaller but equally rounded, and sessile pinnules. Kunze's Ch. elegans, of his dis- tributed specimens, is clearly our Ch. myriophylla. He refers the Ch. myriophylla of H. B. K. to his Ch. elegans, but whether justly so or not T am unable to say. 45, Ch. Lindheimeri, Hook. ; caudex very long about as thick as a crow-quill creeping branched and entangled clothed with brownish scales, stipites scattered 4 inches to a span high ebeneous beset with subulate narrow lanceolate cinere- ous appressed more or less deciduous scales, more abundant upwards and in the rachises where they are copiously mixed with larger ovate fimbriated brown scales covering the under side of the pinnae and fine cinereous wool which more or less densely covers and conceals the upper side of the pinna?, fronds 3 — 5 inches long ovato-lanceolate subcoriaceous tri- pinnate, primary pinnaj oblong acuminate approximate lower ones more distant nearly opposite, secondary pinnules crowded linear oblong, pinnules very minute densely crowded sessile subglobose glabrous above woolly beneath the margins much recurved, involucres formed by the continuous recurved mar- gins having a very narrow membranous edge. (Tab, CVII. A.) Hab. Western Texas, Lindheimer, Fl. Tex. Exsic. n. 744, (1847). Be- tween Western Texas and El Pasco, New Mexico, C. Wright, n. 81 7, (1 84J)). Sierra Madre, New Mexico, Seemann, n. 1934, (smaller specimens, but otherwise identical). — It is not without considerable hesitation that I consti- tute a new species of this, yet I cannot by any means satisfactorily refer it to VOL. II. P 102 CHEILANTHES. any described one. The copious scales on the under side of the frond readily distinf^uish it from Ch. lendigera, which it resembles in the long creep- ing cauilcx. The rounded sessile pinnules keep our plant distinct from Ch. elegnns, and the very woolly or tomcntose upper side of the frond, the very crowded pinnules and secondary pinnae and compact habit, and above all the long creeping caudex separate it both from Ch. elegans and Ch. v^yrinphtjlla. 46. C\\. elegans, Desv. ; roots tufted, caudex scarcely any nodose clothed with dark brown appressed bristly scales, sli- pites tufted a span to nearly a foot long clothed as well as the rachises with numerous pale brown hairs, the partial ra- chises in addition with copious brown fringed scales conceal- ing the under side of the pinnules, main rachis often zigzag, fronds a span and more long broad-oblong or ovato-lanceo- late tripinnate acuminate, primary pinnules often lax from a broad base oblong acuminate, secondary pinnae lanceolate rarely again pinnated, pinnules very minute glabrous above villous beneath obovato-globose (subpyriform) with the mar- gins much recurved tapering at the base (especially the termi- nal ones) into a distinct short petiole, involucres apparently formed of the recurved margin of the pinnules with scarcely any membranous edge, (hairs of the partial rachis and under side of the pinnules woolly with the wool concealing more or less the entire minute pinnules). (Tab. CV. B.) Desv. in Journ. Bot. ii. 2^. 43, t. 13, f. 1. Kunze, in Linncea, ix. p. 85 ? Ch. lendigera, Mart, et Galeotti, Syn. Fil. Mex. p. 74, and Ch. paleacea, p. 76, t. 21, /. 2. Ch. lendigera, Moritz, in Herb. Caracas (not Siv.J, n. 33. Hab. Chili, (Z)esraM.r). Quitinian Andes, /ameson. Columbia, between the village and bridge of Guapulo, Ilartweg, n. 1518. Andes of Peru, MacLean, Caracas, 3Iorit^, Linden, 71. 512. Mexico, Bates. Oaxaca, and near Tarapico, elevation 6,500 — 8,000 feet, Martens and Galeotti, n. 6391, 6437, and 6429. Tucuman, Twecdie. La Casa Pintada, Rio del Dia- mante, eastern side of the Cordillera of Chili, Dr. Gillies. — This species was, as well as our Ch. myriophtjlla, first distinguished by Desvaux, and assuredly the majority of our specimens have the minute pinnules so dis- tinctly tapering into a petiole, generally too accompanied by a broader form of frond, a more lax habit, and frequently a zigzag main rachis, that the differences are almost perceptible with the naked eye, and distinctly seen with a small power of the lens. Others again have the side pinnules almost if not occasionally quite sessile, though the terminal pinnule is petiolate ; so that I am sometimes led to doubt of the permanency of the character. Both in Ch. myriophylla and Ch. elegans the same copious scales accom- pany the hairs on the rachises, covering and concealing the under side of the pinnules : and in both the hairs of the partial rachises and of the un- der side of the pinnules are so long and woolly as to cover and partially conceal the upper side of the pinnules. CHEILANTHES. 103 47. Ch. Fendleri, Hook. ; small, caudex creeping scaly, stipites sparse scattered slender brown scaly with subulate appressed scales, in the main and secondary racbises the scales become more copious broader ovate acuminate white glossy brown at the base, fronds 2 — 3 inches long ovate-lan- ceolate subcoriaceous pale green quite glabrous on both sides tripinnate, primary pinnules ovato-lanceolate obtuse, pinnules rather large for the size of the frond convex broad cuneate sessile somewhat decurrent retuse at the apex entire or 2 — 3- lobed, the margins of the lobes merely incurved scarcely con- fluent and forming the involucres. (Tab. CVII. B.) Hah. New Mexico, Fendler, in PI. Nov.Mex.n. 1015, (1847). — In many respects this species of Cheilanthes approaches the Lendigera-group : but it is the smallest of that section, and has the pinnules larger than any. There are no hairs on this plant whatever ; where the scales are discontinued on the under side, as at the secondary pinnae, the pinnules are seen to be quite glabrous, and the rachises even of the primary piunse have no scales or clothing of any kind, and are of the same texture and pale green colour as the pinnules. 48. Ch. speciosissima, Alex. Braun ; stipes 3 — 4 inches long squamose with copious large ferruginous lanceolate spreading scales, the same scales are continued but diminish- ing in size upwards on the main rachis and on the partial rachises and becoming rather chaffy hairs, frond ample broad-lanceolate acuminate 1^ — 2 feet in length coriace- ous rigid bipinnato-pinnatifid ferruginously hairy on both sides but especially beneath, primary pinnae approximate li- near-oblong acuminate sessile 2 — 4 inches long pinnatifid at the apex, secondary pinnules oblong obtuse broadest at the base pinnatifid, lobes or segments oblong obtuse entire the margin much recurved, involucres continuous formed of the recurved margins become membranaceous and more or less cut or jagged at the edge. — Alex. Braun, in Kunze, Analect. Pteridogr. p. 35, t. 23. Kunze, in Linnata, xiii. p. 145. Benth. Planted Hartw. p. 54. Ch. scariosa, Mart. et. Gale- otii, Syn. Fil. Mex. p. 74. Plecosorus, Fee. Hab. Mexico, Karwinski. Near Real del Monte, Hartweg. Coscoma- tepee, Vera Cruz, Linden, n. 44. Peak of Orizaba, 12,000 feet elevation, Galeotti. — Kunze may well speak of this noble plant as " Filix vere spe- ciosissima : " — some of our specimens show that they attain a length of frond exclusive of stipes, of 2 feet. Yet this species has been referred by Martens and Galeotti to Ch. scariosa, Kaulf. (Acrostichum scariosum, Swartz and Willdenow). Kunze's figure and description are alike excellent- 104 C'lIKILANTHKS. (Rack is zigza(j). 49. Ch. dichotoma ; roots tufted, plant wholly glabrous, stipitcs (4 — 6 inches long) as well as the zigzag rachis slen- der ebeneous glossy, fronds a span to a foot long oblong tri-quadrii)innate, tertiary pinnae often trifoliolate, pinnules sparse remote small cordate or ovate subtrilobate or inciso- pinnatifid ultimate lobes often cuneate, each bearing 1 — 3 — 4 free rounded small involucres ])ale at the apex, often conflu- ent. (Tab. ClI. B.) Swartz, Sijn. Fil. p. 129 and 335, t. 3, f. 7. Willd. Sp. PL V. p. 5(i0. Hypolepis trifida, Klolzsch, in Herb, nostr. Hab. Mount St. Antonio, Quito, Nee, (Swartz). Brazil, Sellow, from the Royal Berlin Herbarium. Urufruay, 3Tr. Jas. Baird, in Herb, nostr. — Our first knowledfre of ibis plant is from Swartz, who describes and fijrures it from Quitinian specimens, gathered by Luis Nee. Dr. Klotzsch, unaware of that description, has given it as a new species of Hypolepis. It is, however, a true Cheilanfkes, according to our view of the Genus, and very different from any other species known to me. The roots are densely tufted, as well as the stipites. Stipes and very zigzag and extremely slender capillary rachises glossy ebeneous, plane on the upper surface and margined : lower part of the stipes only scaly. The fronds are quite glabrous, a foot long, primary pinnules elongated, second- ary and tertiary shorter, pinnules often teruale (whence probably the name trifida), small, sparse, not much unlike the smallest leaflets of Thalictrnm alpinum. The species is probably quite confined to South Brazil ; and it is more than likely that the Quitinian locality given by Swartz has origi- nated in some error. 50. Ch. Jlexuosa, Kze. ; " frond rigid subcoriaceous pu- berulous ovate-oblong acuminate at the base quadri- tri- or bipinnate less divided at the apex, primary pinnae opposite or alternate petiolate (ad tripinnatis), lower ones arrect or patulous upper ones patenti-divergent, ultimate pinnules petiolate suborbicularo-ovate crenate or incised, sori of few- capsules, involucrc^s spurious, partial rachises rigid furrowed above rough flexuose slender purple-black, universal rachis short stout purple-black shining, rhizoraa horizontal clothed with subulate appressed brown scales." Kunze, in Linncea, t. 22, p. 578. " Ch. microphylla," Bongard in litt. {non Sw.) — 0. minor ; contracted biinnnate. Kze. I. c. Hab. Brazil ; Cape Goyan, Po/t/, Riedel. — /3. Minas Geraes, in very sterile places, Regnell. — " Plant with a habit between Ch. dichotoma and Ch. chlorophi/Ua, but readily distinguishable. It ordinarily attains a foot in length ; the dwarf stale only about 2 inches." Kze. (Fronds broad triangular. — See Ch. triangula, at p. 91). 51. Ch. viacosa, Link ; an Kaulf.? roots tufted, stipes with CHEILANTHES. 105 intensely black glossy subulate scales at the base 8 — 10 inches long slender and as well as the rachises purple-brown glan- dularly hirsute, fronds submembranaceous pale green mi- nutely glandularly pubescent 6 inches long deltoid ternately tripinnate, pinna) (except the lowest usually opposite pair) approximate and compact, upper ones lanceolate, middle ones ovato-acuminate, lowest ones deltoid the lower inferior divi- sions the longest, pinnules rather small obovate convex (the margins much rolled back when dry) lobed or more or less pin- natifid, involucres membranaceous whitish punctiform or more or less continuous frequently the reflexed termination of a lobule. (Tab. XCIII. B.) Link, Fil. Sj?. Hort. Reg. Ber. p. GQ, (not Carm. Fl. of Trist. da Cungha, which is a Polypo- dium). Ch. Kaulfussii, Kze. in LintKBa, xxiii. p. 244 .'' — /3. minor ; lobules of the pinnules in the dried plant cochleate. Hab. " Mexico," {Link). Realego, El Equador, Dr. Sinclair. Central America, Barclay. — ^. Sierra Madre, N.W. Mexico, Seemann, n. 1994. — I am not aware that this is noticed by any author save Link, who describes it from a cultivated plant in the Berlin Garden, and by Kunze in his 'In- dex Filicum cultarum,' in the 23rd vol. of the ' Linnaea,' who however only changes the name of" viscosa,^' Kaulf. (Link?) to Kaulfussii, on the ground that it is not Ch. viscosa of Cavmichael. Such indeed is the fact ; but as Cai)t. Carmichael's original plant is in my possession, I can testify to its being no Cheilanthes, but a Poli/podium, nearly allied to, if not iden- tical with, P. rugosulum of Mr. Brown's Prodromus. Our figure and spe- cific character are taken from native specimens, which, however, seem to differ in no respect from cultivated ones sent from Berlin to the Eoyal Gar- dens of Kew. It is a well-marked species, though save in the absence of the glandular hairs, a good deal allied to Ch. chwrophi/lla, as far as can be judged from that figure. In the native dried specimens the pinnules and lobes are remarkably convex, in our smaller variety from Sierra Madre par- ticularly so ; giving the ramifications quite a beaded appearance. 52. Ch. leucopoda, Link ; " frond ternately quadripinnate, ultimate pinnules crenato-pinnatifid with scattered hairs above and below, stipes and rachis whitish, hairs viscid." Link, Fil. Sp. Hort. Keg. Berol. p. 6Q. Kze. in Linnceaf 1850, p. 244. Hab. Mexico, (Link). — " Frond with the stipes scarcely 4 inches long, primary pinnae an inch and a half, secondary 1 inch, tertiary 4 lines, ulti- mate ones a line long, with long white spreading hairs on the stipes and rachis.'' Link, who alone has described this species as above, and it must be con- fessed very unsatisfactorily, places it next Ch. viscosa, but without offering any remarks on its affinities. 53. Ch. marginata, H. B. K. ; caudex short thick hori- zontal clothed with subulate black scales, stipites 2 — 4 — 6 106 CHEILANTHES. inches long and as well as the main rachis ebeneous, fronds 3 — 6 inches long glabrous thick-membrauaceous rather soft and flaccid deltoid-ovate tri-quadripinnate, pinnules all ob- long-obovate or subcuneale entire or lobed auricled at the base above and more or less deeply pinnatifid all of them decurrent so as to form a winged rachis, lobes oblong-ovate, sterile pinnules and lobes the broadest and penniveined, all of them crenate at the margin, involucres on the teeth of the crenatures broad membranous suborbicular rarely free (the edge very thin and fringed) mostly combined and forming a continuous lobed or broadly crenated involucre extending all round the margin. — H. B. K. Nov. Gen. et Sp. Am. i. p. 18, and vii. /. 669. Link, Fil. Sp. Hort. Berol. p. 62. Ch. ru- fescens, Link, I. c. Ch. cha^rophylla, Kze. in LAnmea, xxiii. p. 243, and 307. Allosorus ciliatus, Presl, Rel. Hank. i. p. 59. Kunze, in Linn(ea, ix. p. 56, and in Poepp. PI. Exsic. (Herh. nostr.J Allosorus chserophyllus, Mart, et Gal. Fil. Mex.p. 47, /. 11. Hab. Rocky places, Peripe, Andes of Quito, 7000 to 8000 feet elevation, Humboldt and Bonpland : and on old walls near Quito, Jameson, Hart- weg, n. 1.513. Andes of Huanuco, Peru, Poeppig, MacLean. Mexico, Hcenke ; Juquilla, Andes of the Pacific Ocean and Oaxaca, Martens and Galeoiti, n. 0367 and 6844. Real del Monte and Xalapa, Dr. Coulter, n. 1676 and 1677. Caracas, Linden, n. 608. Venezuela, Funck and Schlim. St. Sebastian, '.Sierra Nevada, Sta. Martha, N. Grenada, and Jamaica, Purdie. Tondil and Salto, Aro-eutine Republic, Tweedie. — A very remark- able and easily distinguished plant, and pretty widely distributed, even well figured (both by Humboldt and Galeotti), yet strangely misunderstood. Kunze, who distributed Poeppig's Allosorus ciliatus under that name, did not seem to be aware that Martens and Galeotti's Allosorus chtprophyllus was identical with it, for he separates it from Allosorus, with the remark " indusia spuria lobulata et saepius interrupta ad Cheilanthem sine dubio delegant." He was familiar with the Mexican and Peruvian plants, yet places them in two different genera. Humboldt's name is very character- istic. Link's H. rufescens is appropriate to some states of this plant, which is very variable in colour. There seems no reason why Presl should change Humboldt's specific name to " citiata," unobjectionable as the latter may be in allusion to the generally ciliated edge of the involucres, well repre- sented by Humboldt, but omitted by Martens and Galeoiti. The broad involucres, when continuous on each margin, almost meeting at the back, resemble those of Cryptograrnma crispa, Br. {Involucres continuous. Pteridoideae). 54. Ch. deltoidea, Kze. ; " frond triangular subcoriaceous bipinnato-pinnatifid glabrous, pinnae obliquely ovate, pin- nules and segments ovate obtuse with the cuneate base de- current, stipes smooth, rachises margined and the costules CIIKILANTHKS. 107 sulcatc above bhick-puiple beneath, involucres mur^^Mnate cic- nulated continuous, soii rather broad." Kitiize, in Liu/Kva, X. p. 535. Hal). Fissures of rocks, ZilveifounUiiii, Little Niima(iu;i I/ind, Cape of Good Hope, Difhje. — '' I luive seen only tliice fronds (2i — 3 inclieslonp) of this species, destitute of caudex : in habit it resembles small specimens of Pkris jicdata ; but it isbij)iunato-i>innalirid. Our Vh.tr iamixila diflers from this in the trii)innate front!, the pinn;e and pinnules peliolate, in the sulcated stipes, S:c. Our Cli. tnullifiila, (J.,Jli'xa, differs in the true indusia (indu- siis veris) and in the puberulous raehises, iS^c." Are. — I have myself but a solitary specimen of this from Drege. It appears a pood species, with quite pteroid involucres. But one needs copious specimens in different stages of growth to speak with confidence. 55. Ch. Ailicrstonii, Hook, ; root .'' caudex.'' stipes a span and more long stout and as well as the princijial rachis all purple-ebeneous and very glossy, frond deltoid less than a span lonti everywhere glabrous coriaceous pale green 4-pin- nate (pteroid), primary ])innie ovato-dcltoid and as well as the secondary and tertiary ])inna3 petiolate the lower distant upper ones more approximate, pinnules sessile (u|)])er ones coadunate) oblong entire or pinnatifid in their lower half, involucres formed of the indexed margins of the pinnides pale and membranaceous at the edge rarely solitary and single generally coadunate so as to be continuous the edge more or less crenate or lobed. Hab. District of Somerset, S. Africa, Mr. Atherstone. — I possess no species with which I can say this is closely allied among Clicilanthes ; nor among Allosorits, to which this might with about as much propriety be re- ferred. The whole Fern is 12 — 14 inches long, very hard, rigid, and par- ticidarly glossy and stout in the stipes and primary raehises. — Perhaps its nearest ally isKunze's C/t. deltoidea, but that is a very much smaller plant and much less compound. The pinnules of Ch. Atherstonii are about 2 lines long and two-thirds of a line wide. 66. Ch. citneata. Link ; caudex short creejnng, stipes 1 — Ij foot long and as well as the main rachis ebeneous glossy grooved on the upper side smooth, frond glabrous subcoria- ceous ovate or broad-ovate acuminate 6 — 12 — 14 inches long 3 — () inches across tri-quadripinnatc, primary and secondary piimules ovato-acuminate, the rest and the pinnules lanceo- late cuneate below all of them deciurent so as to form a nar- row green margin or wing on each side the furrow of the rachis, ultimate pinnules shortly but sharjily almost pinigently acu- minate entire or auricled on the upper inferior margin or pin- natifid with lanceolate entire sharp lobes, all slightly serrated, involucres marginal or subentire pale membranaceous pane- 108 CHEILANTHES. tiform or linear often quite continuous slightly waved and jagged or crenated. Link, Fil. Sp. in Hort. Jierol. p. 63. Kze. in Schkuhf, Fil. Snppl. p. 78, i. 36. Otholoma, Link. Cassebeera, ./. Sm. Allo.sorus, Pr. Allosorus pulchellus, Mart, et Galeot. Fil. Mex. p. 47, t. 10,/. 2. Hub. Mexico, Province of Oaxaca, elevation above the sea 7,000 feet, GaleoUi, n. 6560. Ceiro de Pinel (n. 1450), Siena Madre, N.W. Mexico, Seetuann, ?j. 1932. Siena San Pedro Nolasco, Talca &c., Jurgensen, n. 670. — Tlie frequently continuous sori would lead to the opinion that this should be ranged in Pteris or Allosorus : other specimens, and I cannot say dependinfj on age, have quite the small rounded punctifonn involucres of C/ieilant/ies, yet gradually upon the same si)ecimen more or less com- bined and continuous all round a lobe or pinnule. As Cheilanthes, it is extremely distinct from any other : the pinnules and lobes are harsh and rigid and almost cuspidate, so as to resemble those of some Polystichtim. Our specimens from Sierra Madre are very much larger and more divided than those of Kunze's figure : the fronds and the stipes too are very brit- tle. Some of my specimens correspond so exactly with Martens and Ga- leotti's figure and description of their Allosorus pulchellus, that there cannot be a question of the identity of the two. 57. Ch. profnsa, Kze.; roots slightly creeping scaly, stipi- tes 2 — 4 inches long and as well as the rachises hispid with spreading subulate paleaceous scales, frond oblong-lanceolate acute subcoriaceous pinnate, pinnae often opposite glabrous, uppermost lanceolate approximate subcoadunate entire, lower ones ovate or deltoid acuminate distant very shortly peliolate deeply pinnatifid at their base sometimes pinnate, pinnules and laciniae lanceolate rarely slightly lobed or pinnatifid often curved a little upwards, costae hispid with appressed narrow subulate scales, involucres of the same texture as the frond continuous, — from the same root another form of frond ap- pears smaller with fewer and more approximate pinnae which are ovate blunt and only sinuato-lobate the edges membrana- ceous subcrenulate. Kunze, in Linnaa, xviii. p. 535, (1850), p. 244, et in Schkuhr's Fil. Suppl. p. 33, /. 17. Notochlaena, Pr. Hab. Namaqua Land, Drege. — My specimens of this are from Zeyher, n. 4627. These exhibit only the usual form as figured and described by Kunze. But our cultivated plants produce from the same root the form which Kunze makes " Var. ? B., minor; pinnis approximatis abbreviatis inciso-pinnatifidis costis rachibusque calvescenlibus : " and which if seen separately would naturally be taken for a distinct species. It is well figured by Kunze in the plate above quoted, fig. c. In the coriaceous texture of the frond and the continuous involucres it has an affinity with certain Cape species of Pteris or Allosorus. CHEILANTHES. 109 58. Ch. cornuta, Kzc. ; " frond lanceolato-linear bipinnate, pinnsD ovate approximalc the lowest subopposite petiolate, pinnules sessile subternate bi- or trifid oblong obtuse curved coriaceous, sori at length diffuse, stipes and rachis rigid (se- laceo-paleaceous at length) naked." Kze. in Liimaa, x. p. 534. Hab. Worcester District, Cape of Good Hope, Ecklon and Drege. — " A species not to be compared with any unless with several contracted forms of Ch. hastata ; but the rigidity of the frond, its nearly linear outline and diffuse sori readily distinguish it.'' — Kunze's specimens would appear to have been far from good. If those of Drege himself in my herbarium are to be de- pended upon, this is nothing more than, not even a variety of, Ch. profusa, next before which Kunze places it, bnt without the slightest allusion to its affinity with thai species. My specimen is marked by Drege " Cheilanthes cormita, Kze., a.'' The slight curvature upwards of the pinnules which suggested, I apprehend, the specific name, is common to the normal state of Ch. profuxa : and there can be no question of the identity of the two, unless Drege has made some mistake. 59. Ch. pulcheUa^ Bory ; roots ca3spitose, stipites 4 — 6 inch- es long pm-ple-brown glossy scaly below, fronds ovate or del- toid-ovate acuminate tripinnate coriaceous glabrous, primary pinna3 all more or less caudate at the apex, lowest pair dimi- diato-deltoid their lowest inferior pinnae elongated pinnate or pinnatifid, pinnules or lobes oblong or linear-oblong obtuse entire, involucres membranaceous intramarginal continuous brown transversely wrinkled and lobed at the edge. (Tab. XCIV. A.) —Bory in Willd. Sp. PL v. p. 456. Webb and Berth, in Phytogr. Canar. p. 453, t. 252, (excellent). Chei- lanthes n. sp. ? Schimp. Coll. It. Abyss, n. 1431. Hab. Teneriffe, Borxj. Canary and Palma, Wehh et Bei-(helot, Dr. Le- mann. Madeira, Wehb et Berthelot. Rocks in the valley of Mai Mezano near Djeladjeranne, Abyssinia, Schimper. — Schimper's specimens are small- er than most (but not than all) of Mr. Webb's and Dr. Lemann's specimens of this very pretty fern ; but in no other respect different. We have thus another station to add. Messrs. Webb and Berthelot had observed on its geographical station, " Fortunatarum et Maderae ! cives estpulcbra species autochton." — It would be a Pleris or Allosorus, of the group which pro- duce intramarginal sori, but for the transversely wrinkled involucres indi- cating what is considered the normal character of Cheilanthes, — interrupted sori. 60. Ch. coriacea, Dcsne; "ca;spitose (2 — 3 decimetr.), stipi- tes terete ferruginous clothed with hairs and attenuated scales, fi-onds bipinnate simply pinnate above, pinnae opposite, lower ones bifid, the segments approximate linear- oblong obtuse entire coriaceous furrowed on the upper side and opaque, VOL. II. Q 110 CHEILANTHES. beneath in the younger state covered by the ferruginous shi- ning indusium." Decaisne, Plaiites cV Arable, p. 190. Hab. Haguef, Arabia Felix, Botta. — " Allied to CA<'?7rt«, 6389, and 6467, Linden, n. 40 and n. 1531. Guatemala, Skinner. — It is not unwillingly that I place this Fern, which has almost invariably continuous involucres (though thin and membranaceous, transversely wrinkled and more or less crenated) in Cheilanthes : but ic has so close an affinity with our Ch. niti- dula that I am unwilling to separate them generically. The general aspect is similar, the texture and venation (elevated beneath the frond), the oppo- site and here remarkable dimidiate pinnae, and above all, the intramarginal insertion of the involucres (more striking in this species than in Ch.nitidu- la), are alike in both. Hence Kunze was led to observe of this, " fructifi- catio ah ilia Pteridis, ubi sori et indusia margini contigua, paullisper rece- dit:" and in regard to Al. Braun having referred our present plant to Cheilanthes, he remarks " quamquam Cheilanthes lirmis characteribus non- dum nitatur, tamen nostram filicem illi adnumerare indusia continua et sori uou discreti vetant." The habit is certainly rather that of a Pteris. — The serrated margin, distinct from the involucre, is well represented by Kunze in his ' Analecta Pteridographia;, ' and scarcely less correctly in Martens and Galeotti's Pteris fallax, which is assuredly identical with our plant, though that author does not seem to be aware of the existence of serratures in Pt. intramar(/inalis, the species immediately preceding his Pt. fallax. 67. Ch. nitldiila ; caudex short creeping stout, stipites 2 — 5 inches long very numerous and crowded hispid with subulate deciduous chaffy dark brown scales and as well as the rachis (which is downy on one side) ebeneous, frond 3 — 4 or rarely 5 inches long subdeltoideo-oblong acuminate (ste- rile ones broader) coriaceo-merabranaceous pale green gla- CHEILANTHKS. 113 brous pinnato-pinnatifid below sub-bipinnate, pinnae approx- imate nearly op])ositc broad-lanceolate dimidiate (the inferior half" being broadest) deeply pinnatifid nearly to the rachis lowest ])air again subpinnate and the secondary pinnie pin- natifid, lobes all oblong entire or sinuate gradually coming to a sharp point the lower base decurrent the lowest inferior lobes the longest, involucres subintramargiual continuous rarely here and there interrupted broad flat membranaceous brown close-pressed frequently lobed and crenaled and trans- versely wrinkled. Hook. Ic. PL x. ined. Pteris nitidula, Wall. Cat. n. 89. Allosorus nitidnlus, Presl. Hab. Karaaoun, Dr. Wallich. Rocks, Simla, Dr. T. Thoimon. Pund- kesler, N. India, Mr. Edgevjorth. — This, like many others we have placed under Cheilanthes, has nearly an equal claim to be considered an Allosorus, as it is considered by Presl, era Pteris, according to Wallich, its. discoverer. It has no small affinity with Ch.pulchella and Ch. cuneata, but is quite distinct from both, and apparently a rare species. We possess Dr. Wallich's origi- nal specimens IVom the alpine districts of Kaniaoun, gathered by his col- lector, Mr. Blinkworlh; others from Mr. Edgeworth, and we find excellent specimens in Dr. Thomson's rich Himalayan Herbarium. No description of it however has yet been published. In the younger fronds the veins are very obscure : in the older ones they are prominent or elevated beneath. Sterile fronds are broader and more membranaceous : hence Presl has pla- ced it in a division of Allosorus " frondibus dissimilibus pinnulis laciniisve angustioribus integris," along with his Allosorus (Cryptogramma, Br) cris- pus. — Dr. Wallich's specific name, we presume, refers raiher to the glossy character of the stipites and rachis than to the fronds, which we find to be somewhat opaque. (Pteroideae, — clothed ivith yelloiv powder beneath). 68. Ch. chn/sophylla ; roots fibrous, stipites tufted 2 — 4 or 5 inches long purple-ebeneous hispid with sparse black subulate scales denser below, fronds subcoriaceous del- toid-ovate acuminate 3 — 4 inches long dark olive-green and^ glabrous above golden-yellow and powdery beneath pinnate, pinna3 mostly lanceolate the lowest ]jair deltoid all pinnatifid, lowest inferior segments of the lowest pinna) lanceolate sub- sinuate, the rest oblong or ovate entire or crenulate, involu- cres formed of the reflexed margin of the frond continuous even to the apex of the segments but crenatc, the edge thin membranaceous (not ciliated). Ch. chrysophylla. Hook. Ic. PL X. #. 901, (ined.) Hab. Bare rocks, Kala-Panee, Khasya (1850), Drs. Honker and Thom- son.— It is impossible not to see the striking affinity between this species and tlie Ch. farinosa, Kaulf. (p. 77), and figured in the ' Icones Filicum,' t. 77, insomuch that, at the first aspect, save in the very different colour of the powdery substance on the underside of the frond (here bright gold) 114 CHEILANTHES. the two might be considered identical. But independently of the crenaled margin of the segments of the frond in the present Cheilanthes, the invo- lucres will afford abundant marks of distinction ; in Ch. farinosa wholly membranaceous rounded and more or less combined at the base (in that sense often continuous) : here the involucres are formed of the rellexed margin of the frond ilself and of the same texture, altogether continuous, but the edge membranaceous and merely crenated ; never toothed or cili- ated. It is the regular crenation that induces me to refer this and the following species to Cheilanthes, rather than to Pteris (or Allosorus), and assuredly among the latter genus I know of none that assimilates with this. 69. Ch. ochracea ; roots fibrous, stipites crowded very short clothed with oblong obtuse spreading chaffy scales and as well as the rachis dark ebeneous purple, fronds subniem- branaceous broad-lanceolate scarcely a span long dark green slightly hairy above beneath densely clothed with a golden- ochraceous pulverulent substance pinnate, pinna) almost al- ways opposite lanceolate obtuse lowermost subdeltoid all of them pinnatifid nearly to the rachis, segments oval obtuse entire or obscurely crenate ciliated, involucres continuous narrow formed of the reflexed margin of the frond the edges membranaceous and crenated (not ciliated). Hook. Ic. Plant. t. 904, ined. Allosorus ochraceus, Hook, in Benth. Plantce Hartwegiance, p. 55. Hab. Mexico ; moist shady places, Morelia, Ilariweg, n. 418. — In this very distinct Fern the involucre is narrow, continuous, and quite pteroid, but crenated, as if formed of originally distinct but confluent sori: so that, as will be seen in Mr. Bentham's work above quoted, my views were not quite decided whether to place it in Allosorus, Nothochhena, or Cheilan- thes. I am here led to refer it to the latter genus from many points of si- milarity with our last species, Ch. chrysophyllu, in the similarity of involucres in the two, and especially in the presence of the golden powdery substance clothing the whole under surface of the frond. In the species now before us this pulverulent substance is so dense, the colour so approaching ochra- ceous, that it looks as if it had been smeared with that well-known paint, * yellow-ochre, of a particularly bright hue. In the shape of the frond, too, lanceolate (not deltoid) this differs considerably from Ch. chrysophylla, and no less in the thinner and more membranaceous texture, in the villous up- per side and ciliated margins, in the very short stipites, and above all the large spreading blunt chafly scales which clothe the latter. I am not aware that this species has been detected by any person save Mr. Hartweg. Addenda, &c. At p. 74, n. 30, for " Hypolepis Gardnen, Hook.," read H. mnnticola, and add as a synonym, " Cheilanthes monticola, Gardn. in Iluok. Ic. Plant, t. 477." At p. 77, n. 3, under Cheilanthes farinosa, Kaulf,, insert Hab. a. and /3., both found at Simla, Dr. T. Thomson. CHEILANTHES. 115 At p. 78, n. 5, under Cheilanthes rufa, Don, insert Hab. Ascent of Mahadel, Chuma, in Khasya, Drs. Hooker and Thom- son; less red than Dr. Wallicb's specimens, and, on the under side of the frond, whitish. At. p. 80, n. f), under Cheilanthes Dalhousia, Hook., insert Hab. Simla, Dr. T. Thomson. At p. 81, n. 9, under Cheilanthes fragrans, Webb et Berth., insert Hab. Peeshwar Hills, Major Vicary. At p. 81, under Cheilanthes squamosa, n. 8, insert Var. /3. ? brachi/pus, Kze. in Linnoea, xviii. p. 340 ; pinna) and pinnules very obtuse subparallel hoary-villous above, the lower ones smaller, stipes very short. Kze. Ch. brachy- pus, Kze. in Linnaa, xxiii. p. 243 and p. 307. iS. Mexico, tropical, Leibold. — In the 'Linnaea' for 1844, this was given by Kunze, doubtfully, as a variety of Ch. squamosa; but subsequently, in 1850, it is considered by that author, a good species, though I am not aware if any specific character is published. Dr. Kunze observes of Ch. hrachy- pus, 1. c. " Cultura ex sporis repetita tamquara species propria probata. Ut varietatem Ch. squamosa, dubie quidem, in desciibendis lilicibus Ijciboldi- anis (Linna;a, xviii. p. 340) plantain breviter exposui." — A specimen we possess from Kunze as this plant seems identical with our Ch. squamosa ; but the stipes is rather shorter. Mexico is quite a new habitat for that spe- cies : and the same has likewise been found, with longer stipites at Sonso- nati, Guatemala, by Mr, Skinner ; and in Surinam by Dr. Hostmann. At p. 82, after n, 9, should have been inserted 9.* Ch. andina, Hook. ; caudex short rooting scaly, stipi- tes tufted 1 — 2 inches long and as well as the main and par- tial rachis partially scaly dark ebeneous glossy, fronds 1^ — 2 inches long deltoideo-oblong subacuminate tripinnate sub- coriaceous glabrous dark brown (when dry), primary pinnae (especially the lower ones) distant deltoid-ovate, secondary ovate-oblong pinnatifid (rarely again and only those of the lower primary jjinnae) pinnate, lobes small rotuudate entire or obscurely crenate, involucres formed of the inflexed margin of the lobules membranaceous or entire at the edge and more or less interrupted. Hab. Lofty Andes of Peru, Johti MacLean, Esq. — A small and I must confess rather an obscure plant, possessing few or no satisfactory distin- guishing characters, of a dingy brown colour in its dry state, with some- what the aspect of Ch. fragrans, near which perhaps it might be placed. The whole plant does not exceed 3^ inches. Stipes and rachises very ebe- neous black. Pinnules in 7 — 9 almost opposite pairs : the lowest pair dis- tant, all glabrous, and all with an evident recurvature of the margin forming the involucres which are thin and membrdnaceous only at the edge. Sori rather large, so as to be by no means covered by the involucres. 116 CHEILANTHES. At p. 84, under Ch. microphijlla , in line 12, insert " (Tab.XCVIII. A.) " At p. 98, under Ch. Szoxvitzii ; /3. Stocksii, insert " roots higbly aroma- tic,'' and Hab. Peshawur Hills, Major Vicary. Dubious Species o/ Cheilanthes, or to he removed from the Genus. Cheilanlhes Sellowiana, Pr. Tent. Plerid. p. 160. Ch. digitata, Presl, in Herb. Meyen. el I. c. p. 100. Ch. Meyeniana, Presl, in Herh. Meyen. et I. c. p. 160. Ch. auriculata, Link et Kze. is Allosorus, Pr. Ch. hastata, Kze. is Pteris, Sw. Allosorus, Pr. Ch. hastaefolia, Schrad. is Allosorus, Pr. Ch. ferruginea, Willd. is var. &. q/"Notholfena rufa, accord- ing to Presl, Reliq. Hank. i. p. 19. Ch. Candida, Mart, et Galeotti, is Nothochlaena. Ch. contigua, Wall. Cat. is Onychium. Ch. contracta, Kze. is Allosorus, Auct. Ch. angustifolia, H. B. K. is Onychium, according to Kze. Ch. crenulata, Spr. is Allosorus c^spitosus, Pr. Ch, crenulata, Link, according to Galeotti is Allosorus ciliatus, Pr. Ch. decomposita, Willd. is Allosorus angustifolius, Pr. and Onychium angustifolium, Kze. Ch. heterophyllus, Willd. is Allosorus heterophyllus,Pr. Ch. gracilis, Kaulf. is Allosorus, Pr., Pteris, Mich. Ch. macrophylla, Kze. in Linncca, xxiii. p. 244, et p. 307, is Allosorus, Pr. Ch. leptophylla, Br. in Salfs Abyssinia, is Onychium me- lanolepis, Kze. Ch.fuscata, Bl. ; " frond bipinnatifid membranaceous fer- ruginous with the stipes and rachis hairy, pinnae alternate oblong obtuse pinnatifid, laciniae digitato-pinnatifid, stipes brown. Blmne, En. Fil. Jav. p. 136. Hab. Moluccas, 5/Mwie, — "A Ch. ferruginea, Willd., laciniis digitato- pinuatifidis distincta." — We know no more of this plant than is given above. The Cheilanthes ferrtujinea, Willd. and Spreng. and Link and Kaulf., is considered by Presl and Kunze as identical with a variety of Notkochlana rufa, Kaulf CASSEBEERA. 117 5. Cassebeera, Kaulf. (Hook. Gen. Fil. tab. LXVI. A.) Martius, Presl, and J. Smith, in part. Adianti Sp., Smith, Swartz. Sori subglobose or elliptical intra-marginal, frequently 2 confluent ones from as many veinlets on an emarginated lobe. Involucre inserted within the margin, of the same shape as the sorus, opening towards the costa, generally ob- long or elliptical, membranaceous, brown, pressed down upon the sorus. — Tropical or extratropical, small Ferns of Brazil, inltabiting dry rocky places, having a rather short, horizon- tal, densely scaly caudex or rhizoma. Stipiles tufted, ra- ther long in proportion to the fronds, ebeneous as well as the rachises and the midrib heneath. Fronds of a singularly thick, coriaceous, hard texture, quite glabrous, tripartite pedate or pinnate, even bipiiinate, the pinnae oblong or linear, simple and lobed or again pinnate, rarely and only below bipinnate, icith the segments rotundate. Veinlets forked, quite internal, so that not a trace of them can be seen without dissection. Sori generally 2 combined (on the termination of 2 veinlets) on the lobules of those species which have trifoliate or simply pinnate fronds, so that each pinna bears as many sori as there are lobes : while in the bi- or (rarely trij- pinnate species the pinnules bear but one simple or double sorus, though the involucre is sometimes cleft. The Genus Cassebeera was established by Kaulfuss upon a remarkable- looking Brazilian Fern, the Adiantmn triphyllum. Smith ; to which he added a new species, Cassebeera pinnata, equally from Brazil, and an un- doubted congener. A third species of the Genus was detected by the late Mr. Gardner in the Diamond district of Brazil, and is figured in the ' Icones Plantarum,' under the name of Cassebeera gleichenioides, Gavdn. In this the frond is more compound, but the habit and fructification are the same as in the other Cassebeera. Thus limited it is a natural and a good Genus. Presl however in his ' Tentjimen Pteridographiae ' has placed in it the Cheilanthes pteroides of Swartz and the present work, which it must be confessed has considerable affinity in the fructification and in the texture of the frond, but not in habit. Mr. J. Smith takes another view of the Genus Cassebeera altogether ; restoring indeed Cass, pteroides to Cheilan- thes : but uniting with the original species of Kaulfuss, the Pteris pedata and argentea, Linn., Pteris hastata of Swartz, our Cheilanthes intramargi- nalis, together with Cheilanthes farinosa, cuneata, inicrophylla, tenuifolia &c. of authors and of this work : so diff"erent are the opinions of botanists who have most devoted attention to the Family, on the subject of Genera of Ferns. Few however are more guided by attention to natural affinities than Mr. J. Smith: and he says "On comparing the Adiautoid section VOL. II. R 118 CASSEBEERA. of Pteris, and part of Cheilantlies with the original species of Cassebeera, I fiiifl that several of the species of both these Genera {Pteris and Cheitan- thes) so well agree in habit and in structure of the sori, that I have been induced to place them under Cassebeera.'^ Marlius in his admirable illus- iralion of Cass, pinnata (Tc. Plant, Crypt. Brasil. p. 91, tab. 61) dwells wholly upon its distinction from Adiantiim and Luulsaa, with which it has little in common. It may be very difficult to define tlie Genus accurately in words ; but I am clearly of opinion that if retained at all, and no one seems to doubt the propriety of so doins^, it should be restricted to the ori- ginal species : — if abolished it would be difficult to say which of the esta- blished Genera should receive them. I cannot ap;ree to the observation of Presl, " Genus hoc {Cassebeera) magis arlificiale quam naturale est." * Fronds digitate or pedale. 1. Cass, triphylla, Kaulf. ; frond tripartite or digitatedly pedate, segments lanceolate crenato-lobate. — Kaulf. Ennm. Fit. p. 216. Hook. Gen. Fil. t. Q6, A. Adiantum tripbyl- lum, Smith, Ic. i/wd. t. 74. Swartz, Syn. Fil. p. 120. Willd. Sp. PL V. p. 428. Hah. Buenos Ayres, Comnwrson. Monte Video and South Brazil, Sel- low, Isabelle, Tweedie. Porto Alegre, Mr. Fox, {in Herb, nostr.) — It is quite a mistake in those who have described this Fern as if it were triphyl- lous, or trifoliolate, or ternate: so far from there being 3 distinct leaflets or pinna?, the normal form I suspect to be pedate, that is deeply divided into 3 segments (or tripartite), with the lateral segments again divided, but never into separate pieces. The true nature of this frond is given at t. 66, A., of our ' Genera Filicum,' in the more usual form of the plant, when the lower lateral segments are suppressed : but there are never distinct leaflets or pinna; as in the following species. — The caudex is stout, hori- zontal, 2 inches long, clothed with subulate, black, glossy scales ; on the underside with numerous descending wiry librous roots ; above throwing up many crowded, wiry, almost black, ebeneous, flexuose stipites, 3 — 6 inches long, terminated by the, usually, deeply tripartite, small, coriaceous frond. When dried without pressure, the sides are apt to be revolute, and narrow : when perfect the segments are exactly lanceolate lobato-crenate : less frequently the lower side of the lateral lobes or segments sends down a lobe, constituting a pedate frond. The colour when dry is a pale brown, traversed in every one of the lobes, for about half its length, by an intensely black, shining costa, which gradually becomes fainter, till it entirely dis- appears. In the young and thinner fronds, when held up between the eye and the light, and with the aid of a lens, the forked rather closely placed lateral veins, or veinlets, may be seen, from 2 to 4 terminating under each involucre, according to the size of the lobe bearing the involucre, or to the size of the involucre itself which covers ihem. I cannot find that of the sori there are, as Presl and others express it, constantly, " duo sub qualibet crena emarginata frondis," though it is very common for the lobe or lobule which bears the sori to be emarginate. CASSEBEEUA, 119 ** Fronds pinnate or bipinnate. 2. Cass, pinnataj Kaulf. ; frond pinnate, lower pinnic again divided or pinnated, pinnules petiolate elongated linear-oblong acute crenato-lobate, lobes broad generally emarginate (duplicato-lobate). — Kaulf. Enum. Fil. p. 217, t. 1, / 11. Martius, Ic. Plant. Crypt. Bras. p. 91, t. 61. Kunze, Analecta Pleridograph. p. 37, t. 24. Spreng. Si/sf. iv.p.llS. Hab. South Brazil. Province of St. Catherine, Chamisso, Selluiv. Minas Geraes, Lanysdorff. Stony shady places. Province of St. Paul, Brazil, Serra de Natividade, Gardner, n. 3556. — A much larger, stouter and more robust plant than Cassehcera tTiphylla. The caudex is similarly horizontal, bearing the same wiry roots. The stipites are less crowded ; the rachis a span to a foot long, less glossy and ebeneous than the preced- ing species. The frond is simply pinnated, as shown by Kaulfuss and Kunze and as in our specimens from Natividade : but not unfrequenily bipinnate, as represented by Martius, and as in our specimen from Sellow. The pinnae and pinnules are 2 inches and 2^ inches long : and the black midrib runs up almost to the a])ex. In our best specimen from Gardner the scales of the caudex are bright lawny. 3. Cass, gleichenioides, Gardn. ; fronds bipinnate, pinnules petiolate linear-elongated deeply pinnatifid or even pinnated, lobes or ultimate pinnules orbicular-subquadrate when dry recurved the margin (beyond the involucre) thickened entire. — Gardn. Plant. Exsicc. Bras. n. 5295. Hook. Ic. Plant. vi. t. 507. Hab. Bushy rocky places, Diamond district, Brazil, Gardner, n. 5295. — Imagine an unusually large specimen of Cass, pinnata more divided (i. e. more bipinnated than usual), and instead of having the shallow lobes to that species, to have those lobes, or the sinuses of those lobes, cut down to the very rachis into roundish lobes or ultimate pinnules with the mar- gin or edges of those pinnules thickened, and you have an idea of the structure of the present species. The scales of the caudex of this as well as of the preceding species, are bright tawny, not black as we find them in (Jass. triphylla. Our tallest fronds of this are 6 — 7 inches long, and the deeply divided, convex and nearly opposite ultimate pinnules of a rounded form, have quite the ajipearance peculiar to some Gleichenia, whence Mr. Gardner's appropriate specific name. We find the capsules upon long stalks, which seem to be characteristic of the other species. Although this is found in tropical Brazil, it is probably a mountain plant : and all the spe- cies may be said to belong to the temperate rather than tropical regions. (At p. 108, line 4, for Allusorus pnlchellus, read All. dcvoinpositus). 120 ONYCHIUM. 6. Onyciiium, Kaulf. (Hook. Gen. Fil. tab. XI.) Lcptostegia, Don. Cheilan- tbis Sp., Wall. H. B. K. Pteridis Sp., Hook, et Grev. Desv. Trichomanis Sp., Thunh. Lomariai Sp. Scolopen- drium, Hamillon. Sari linear, placed opposite each other, on each side of a midrib of the segment or pinnule and at or near the margin, or rather the margin of the pinnule is often suddenly rolled in and there bears the involucre, giving an appearance of the margin being extended beyond the involucre; these sori are inserted upon a linear receptacle running within the fold of the mar- gin. Involucres linear, and being opposite, and each occu- pying nearly the whole space between the rachis and the margin, they have the appearance of opening in the middle by a longitudinal suture ; white or yellow, membranaceous. — Tropical or subtropical Ferns. Roots Jibrotis,tvfted. Fronds stipitale, varying in size, decomponndly pinnatijid, the pri- mary divisions narrotv, l-nerved, the friictijied portion broader and penniveined, the veins simple, extenditig to the longitudinal receptacle which hears the capsules, and con- fluent with it. In the Genus now under consideration we Lave examples, among the suborder Pteridea, of plants with fructification bordering more closely upon the normal state of Pteris and Lomaria ; that is, continuous and not broken up into scales, or not deeply crenated and jagged at the margin : but each fer- tile lobe or pinnule has ils margin occupied by an uninterrupted sorusand in- volucre. Kaulluss however selected two species which have a peculiar habit, copiously ramified with narrow divisions, the ultimate segments narrow and tapering like a claw (oVyp^/ov) bearing the involucres so opposite to each other and so close that they almost appear like one, opening in the middle (as in Scolopendrinm), and to these he gave the generic name of Oni/chiuin. His species are O. auratam, Kaulf. (Pteris chrysocarpa. Hook, el Grev. Ic. Fit. t. 107, and O. Cnpeme— incorrect as to locality (Trichonianes Japo- nicum, Thunh) These Presl has caused to merge into his Allosorus, and in the groupe or division having " frondes dissimiles." With the exce])tion of Presl, our writers on Ferns have considered the Genus worthy to be re- tained, and with little or no modifications. Don, indeed, before Kaulfuss' ' Enumeratio' could have reached his hands, lormed a new Genus, Liplo- stPfjiit, from the Scolopendrium iucidum, Hamilton, IMS., and this is a con- gener of Onyciiium. Kunze has extended the Genus by uniting witli it the Cheilantlies angustifolia, H. B. K., Lomaria microptera, Br. in Herb. Carmich., O. melanolepii, Kze. (Cheilanthes leptop/ii/lla, Br. in Salt's Abys- sinia), and a new species from Cuba, O. strictum. ONYCHIUM. 121 1. O. aiiratnnf, Kaulf. ; roots of densely tufted fibres, sti- pites caBspitose a span to a foot and more long hispid with a few narrow scales only at the base and as well as the ra- chises everywhere pale brown or straw-colour glabrous and glosvsy, frond a span to a foot or a foot and a half long ovato- lanceolate acuminate submembranaceous but firm and glossy very compound four times or more pinnatisected (primary and secondary divisions pinnated) segments all narrow linear sub- cuneate short (in the sterile portions) ultimate ones acute entire or inciso-denlate, segments all pointing upwards 1- nerved, fertile segments elongated siliquiforra especially the terminal ones and mucronate, sori linear-elongated occupying the whole back of the fertile segments, involucres golden colour meeting at their edges. Kaulf. Enum. Fil. p. 144. Lomaria aurea. Wall. Cat. n. 38, L. caruifolia, Wall. Cat. n. o9. L, decomposita, Dow, Prodr. Fl. Nep. p. 14. Pteris chrysocarpa, Hook, et Grev. Ic. Fil. t. 107. Pteris siliculo- sa, Desv. Allosorus auratus, Pred. Hab. East Indies and Malay Islands. Manilla, Chamisso. Luzon, Cu- 7mn(j,n.'SS; Thos. Lobb, n. 452. Java, (ex Heil). Miquel. n. 21). Bootan, Griffith, Booth. Nepal, Kamaon (probably its western limits), Hamilton, Wallich. Khasya, Simons, n. 246 ; J. D. Hooker, and Dr. T. Thomson. — Our figure in ' Icones Filicum,' above quoted, does ample justice to this plant as far as an entirely fructified specimen is concerned, and it is certainly one of the most beautiful of Ferns, whether in that or in the sterile slate (of which latter we now possess copious specimens), when the fronds have quite a diffe- rent appearance, being everywhere multifidly cut into copious, crowded, nar- row, short and linear or somewhat cuneated segments, tapering at the base, and resembling the very compound leaf of some umbelliferous plant (whence Dr. Wallich's name caruifolia). Other specimens again are partly (above) fertile after the manner of Osmunda regalis or Allosorus (Ceratodaclylis, J. Sm.) KaruinsHi of Kunze, and apparently by a transformation of the laci- nis of the pinnae and pinnules, which become larger, more elongated, entire and mucronated, often an inch long, and so resembling the pods of some Arabis as to suggest to Desvaux the specific name of ^^ siliculosa." The under side of these is a beautiful golden colour, but less deep in our speci- mens from Khasya and the Malay Islands, in consequence, probably as Mr. J. Smith suggests, of the nioister climate. I quote Don's Lomaria decomposita with doubt, because he not only does not notice the remarkable colour of the fructifications, but because he dis- tinguishes his Leptostegia Incida gen crically from tins plant, whereasno bo- tanist could see these two species without pronouncing them to be identical as to Genus. The usual colour of the fronds, especially the sterile fronds, of our plant, is to be pale light yellow-green (when dry), but Vve have spe- cimens from Assam with very dark foliage and with narrower and more elongated segments. 2. O. luciduni, Spreng. ; caudex creeping ? stipites six ]22 ONYCHIUM. iDches to a foot and more long and as well as the rachises pale brown or stramineous, frond a foot and more long ovato- acuminate meuibranacco-coriaceous glossy 3 — 4 times pin- natisected (primary and secondary divisions pinnated) seg- ments uniform or nearly so in the sterile and fertile ones, all narrow linear a little tapering below ultimate ones moderately long all gradually acuminated (not mucronate even in the fei'tile ones), sori oblong short occupying nearly the whole of the back of the segments, involucres white or cream-colour membranaceous meeting at the back, Spreng. Syst. Veyet. iv. y?. QQ. Hook. Gen. Fil. t. xi. Cheilanthes lucida, Wall. Cat. n. 69. Cheilanthes contigua, Wall. Cat. n. 69. Lep- tostegia lucida, Don, Prodr. Fl. Nep. p. 14. Scolopendrium lucidum, Hamilton'' s MS. fjide Don J. Hab. East Indies and Karaaon, Nepal, Hamilton, Wallich, Lady Dalliou- sie, Dr. T. Thomson, Strachey and Winterbottom (elevation 700 — 7500 feet), n. 1, 2. Mussoorie and Gurwal, Dr. T. Thomson. Simla, Lady Dalhomie, Edgcworth, Griffith. Misliraee, Griffith. Khasya, T.Lohb. — In the sterile specimens of this plant, there is a preat resemblance to those of the preced- ing {O. auratum), but the fronds, though varying much in size, are generally broader in proportion to their length, with commonly more spreading jun- nae and the ultimate segments more entire. In fructification the difftren- ces are very apparent: the sori being formed on the unchanged segments, they are consequently very small in comparison, short, oblong, and of a pale white or cream-colour, never golden coloured. The Cheilanthes con- tigua of Dr. Wallich has the fronds a little broader and the segments nar- rower, and they form no permanent or tangible variety. Kaulfuss' representation of a fertile portion of the frond of his Onychiiim Capense (O. Japonicum, Kze., our next species) is a faithful representation of our plant. 3. O. Japonicum, Kunze ; " fronds flexuose decompound, branches triplicato- pinnate, the segments oblong acute." Kaulf. — Kunze, in Sclikuhr, Fil. Suppl. p. 11. Onychiuni Capense {omitting the station, " Cape of Good Hope'''') Kaulf. Enum. Fil. p. 145, t. 1, /. 8. Trichomanes Japonicum, Thunh. Fl. Jap. p. 340. Coenopteris, Sw. Syn. Fit. p. 89. Hab. Japan, in Kosido, Satsuma, Nagasaki and elsewhere, in mountain districts, Thunberg. — " Frond a foot and a half and more long, weak, flex- uose, decompound, above triplicato-pinnate, the apex subcaudate. Branches very remote, slender, triplicato-piunale, pinnules dentato-laciniate, the seg- ments oblong acute bearing the fructilicatiou. Sori inserted at the margin of the laciniffi under the apex in the sinus of the indusium. Indusia sub- marginal, membranaceous, white, connivent (limbis connivcntia), at length opening with a longitudinal suture." — With this species I am unacquaint- ed, except from the description, and from the figure of Kaulfuss, which shows an apex of a branch, which, as already observed under O. lucidum, seems in no way diflerent from that plant. SchleLhlendal,iii his 'Adumbr. Fil. Promonl. Bon. Sp.' p. 40, expressed his suspicion that the Onychium ONYCHIUM. 123 Capemtc of Kaiilfuss was not of African orifj^in. Kunzc, in ' Linnaja,' x. /. c. observed tliat " he had seen a specimen of Kaulfuss' O. Capeiue in Roenier's Herbarium, found by Thunberpf," and, afterwards, havinff ascer- tained that it was from Japan, and in reality Thunberg's Trichomanes Ja- ponicitm, he very properly restored that specific appellation. It is now a question whether our O. lucidum, like many other n(trthern Indian forms, may not extend its range as far as Japan. Thunberg's description, brief as it is, would seem to confirm such an opinion. " Frons supra decomposita glabra, stipite torto sulcato. Pinnulae ultimae acuta; subtrifidae. Fructifica- tiones solitaris in ultimis laciniis ; membrana tegens tenuissiraa alba." Thunb. l. c. 4. O. angustifoUum, Kunze ; " fronds bipinnate, pinnules linear acuminate sessile entire and as well the rachis gla- brous." H. B. K. Kunze, in Schkuhr, Fit. Sitppl. ii. p. II. Cheilanthes anguslifolia, //. B. K. Gen. et Sp. Am. i. p. 17. Spreng. Syst. Veget. iv, p. 116. Presl. Ch. decomposita, Willd. Suppl. (according to Sprengel). Hab. Mexico, on the Mountain Jorullo, at between 3000 and 4000 feet of elevation. — " Fronds 4 inches and more long, bipinnate ; pinnas alter- nate, 2 inches long. Pinnules linear, acuminate, sessile, entire, glabrous, an inch and a half lo two inches long, scarcely a line wide, lower ones sometimes bipartite, middle nerve prominent beneath, naked. Universal and partial rachises glabrous, naked, somewhat winged, greenish. Stipes 8 inches long, naked, nearly terete, castaneous, .shining. Sori marginal, at length confluent. Sporangia cinnamon-brown. Indusium continuous, arising from the margin of the frond, fimbriato crenate, diaphanous, gla- brous. Perhaps a species of Pteris." — I am not acquainted with this plant, which Kunze refers to Onycliium ; but I am not aware that any further information is given respecting it, beyond what I have here copied from Humboldt. 5. O. strictum, Kunze ; caudex 2 — 3 inches long oblique rather stout nodose throwing out wiry roots more copiously from the upper extremity, stipites numerous partially scaly a" span to a foot long crowded from the apex of the caudex and as well as the slender rachises pale straw-colour glossy, fronds a span long submembranaceoiis green glabrous opaque ovate decompoinidly pinnatisected, the segments all very narrow and acute opposite entire or bi-trifid subcuneate, tertiary rachises winged : the fertile laciniaj are a little larger and wider sharjaly acute bi- or trifid beyond the fructification, bearing the sori on the disk short linear- oblong nearly while. — Kunze, in Schkuhr'' s Fil. Suppl. ii. p. \\. Hab. St. Jago de Cuba, on Mount Leban, Linden, n. 1870. — This is a very distinct and well marked species, and with all the characters of Ony- chium, which is thus found in the New as well as the Old World. The cau- dex or rhizoma of my specimen is singularly nodose or tuberculated, and one that apparently elongates upwards and bears the fronds altogether from the extremity. It is remarkable for the great length of the stipites in 124 ONYCHIUM. comparison of the fronds, and for the opposite se*!:ments, of which the ul- timate ones have one or two or three sharp points. Involucres small hut swollen, as it were, from the copious capsules of the sori. 6. O. melanolepis. Dene. ; caudex short a litlle creeping with rigid and appressed black scales, stipites tufted from the apex of the caudex 3 — 6 inches long very slender and as well as the rachises flexuose canaliculated glabrous glossy stramine- ous (when dry), frond membranaceous 3 — 6 inches long veined glabrous pale green ovate tripinnato-pinnatedly-sected sterile lacinias narrow cuneate tri-quinquefid and incised, the laci- nula3 sublincar apiculate, fertile ones oblong cuspidate bear- ing the pale membranaceous almost white involucres on the disk, the apex acute iree entire. — Decaisve, PL de VArahie Heur. Archiv. du Mus. ii. p. 189. Kze. Schkuhr, Fil. Siippl. ii. p. 9, /. 104,/. 2. Hook. Ic. Plant, x. /. 9. Cheilanthes leptophylla, Br. in Salt's Abyssinia, App. iv. p. Ixv. (name only). Allosorus cuspidatus, Jauhert et Spacli, Illiist. PL Orient, iii. p. 1, t. 201. Hab. Abyssinia, Salt, H. Schimper, n. 1672. South Persia, rock of Mount Pive-zend, between Shiraz and Kazeroum, Aucher-Eloi, n. 5488. Caves in the Island of Kareh^ Persian Gulf, and at Dalechy, Kotschy, n. 10 and 198. — A small and very distinct species, long knowu to that Chief of Botanists, Mr. Brown, and named by him, without description, in the Appendix to Salt's Abyssinian travels. More recently it has been taken up and both described and fi<>:ured by continental botanists, 1st, as Allosorus melanolepis, Dene. ; and 2ndly, as Allosorus cuspidatus, Hochstetter. By Kunze it has been properly referred to Onychium. It is a plant of very delicate texture, like unusually slender specimens of Gymnogramma lep- tophylla. O. Krebsii, Kunze, in Linnoia, x. p. 504, fi-om Graham's Town, South Africa, proves to be a Scolopendrium, accord- ing to the same author, on an examination of more perfect specimens, and the error has since been corrected in the 18th volume of the ' Linnaea,' and in the Supplement to Schkuhr's * Filices,' where it is figured and described as Scolopendrium Krebsii. O micropterum, Hook. — Under this name, in the 'Genera et Sp. Fil.' I referred to a plant of the late Capt. Carmichael in ray Herbarium, bearing the name of Lomaria microptera, Br. (MS.) It is with regret I am compelled to say that the plant is no longer to be found in my Herbarium, acciden- tally mislaid probably : so that I am unable to describe it and to offer any further opinion respecting it. Kunze in- cludes it in his Catalogue of the species of Onychium ; but only on the above authority. 125 7. Llavea, Lagasca {not Liebm.). Ceratodactylis,/.>S'?;2. (Hook. Gen. Fil. tab. XXXVI.*) Allosorus, Kze. Botryogramme and Ceratodactylis, Fee. Sterile and fertile pinnules different on the same plant. Sori linear or oblong, occupying nearly the whole length of the pinnated veins of the upper pinnules of the frond which are much altered and elongated, siliquiform. Involucre formed by the incurved, continuous, membranous, dilated margins of the pinnules, covering and concealing the fructi- fications (as in Cryptogramme), — A solitary species oi Mexico. Caudex short, thick, and, as ivell as the loiver part of the long, flexuose, straw-coloured stipes, scaly. Frond ample, 5-pinnate ; rachises flexuose, slender. Sterile pinnules ovato-cordate, thin, but subcoriaceous, firm, the veins closely jnnnated, forked, slender, prominent, the margin cartilaginous finely spinuloso- serrated, fertile pinnules confined to the upper portion [and forming a panicle), narrow, elongated, nearly terete, acumi- nated, less rigid than the sterile pinnules : tlie margins mem- branaceous, involute, and forming the involucres, finally spreading. This is in every respect a very striking plant, closely allied in its fructifications to Cryptogramme, Br., but with a very dilferent habit, in some respects approach- ing Osmunda. It is this peculiar habit mainly that justifies the separation from Allosorus or Pellcea. 1. LI. cordifolia, Lagasca, Gen. et Sp. PI. 1816, p. 33; Diet, des Sc. Nat. xxvii. p. 89. Ceratodactylis osmundioides, /. Sm. in Hook. Gen. Fil. t. 36. Fee, Gen. Fit. p. 228. Allo- sorus Karwinskii, Kze. in Linn. xiii. p. 138. Benth. Plant. Hartiv.p. 54. Kze. in Schkuhr, Fil. Suppl. p. 7, t. 4. Hook. Ic. Plant. Rar. iv. /. 387 ct 388. Botryogramme Karwinskii, Fee, Gen. Fil. p. 166, t. 15 C. Hab. Mexico, Lagasca, Heboid, Liebmann ; Oaxaca, Kai-wmsA/, Galeotti, elev. 5-7000 feet ; Barranca de la Encarnacion, near Zimapan, Hartweg, Dr. Coulter, n. 1684 ; Amatenango, Chiapas, Linden, n. 1522 ; Sierra San Pedro Nolasco, Talea, etc., Jurgensen, n. 080. Having, after the fullest consideration, deemed the present fine plant worthy of forming a genus, distinct from Allosorus, to which I had been disposed to re- fer it, the next step was to consider the priority of name for the genus ; and it * In this figure of Mr. Bauer, as observed by Mr. J. Smith, the fold of the involucre has been mistaken for an additional receptacle, and represented accord- ingly. VOL. II. S 126 CRYPTOGRAMME. will be allowed, I think, on all hands, that the excellent Lagasca, hitherto alto- gether overlooked, has claims to that ; his brief but correct character l)eing pub- lished as above stated in 181(j, forty years ago. Probably, if we may infer from the generic name, M. La Llave was the first to discover the plant, wliich appears to be wholly confined to Mexico ; and it certainly docs not associate well with the other species of Allosorus of Presl {Pellaa of Link, and of this work), whatever may have been in the mind of the original constructor of the genus, Bernhardi, in his miserably defined character. It is strange that M. Fee should not have re- cognized in Bauer's figure (Gen. Fil. 1. c), and Mr. J. Smith's description accom- panying it, his own genus Botryogramme (hence he has this plant under two different genera and different names); and still more strange that he should place these far away from each other and from Cryptoyramme, to which, in the fertile portions of the fronds, and in the general nature of the fructification, it has a very close affinity. In its large size and in the form of the pinnules, and in the upper leaflets only being fertile, it is remarkably distinct. If not a scandent plant, it seems to have a rambling habit, with the main and secondary rachis often flexuose ; the barren pinnules have a thickened, narrow, almost cartilagi- nous margin, which is spinuloso-serrate. 8. Cryptogramme,* Br. (1823.) (Hook. Gen. Fil. tab. CXV. B.) Allosorus sp., Bern- hardi, AUosorus and Gymnogranime, Presl. Phorolobus (1827) and Crj'ptogramme, Desv. Phorolobus, Fee. Cryp- togranirae and Allosorus, Mettenius. Pteris, L. MS., Sm. Osmunda, L. Sterile and fertile fronds different from the same root. Sort short, or oblong and linear, situated upon and towards the apex of the pinnated veins, occu])ying a greater or lesser length of those veins, in age concealing the whole back of the pinnules. Involucre continuous, formed of the revolute, membranous, dilated margins of the pinnules, which almost meet at the back, concealing the fructification, except in the very mature state. — A solitary species, inhabiting the moist temperate and northern regions both of the neiv and old ivorld, in rocky and mountainous situations. Caudex short thick subrepent, sometimes apparently wanting. Roots fibrous. Stipes stramineous. Fronds small, densely tufted, subcori- aceous : of 2 kinds from the same root : outer ones barren, bi-tripinnate, with someivhat ovate or obovate entire or lobed pinnules, which are crenato-serrate or deeply cut and pinna- tifid ; veins pinnated; — fertile fronds, taller than the sterile, * I have ventured to write this word Cryptogramme, rather than Crypto- grnmma ; from ypafifiri, rjy, linea ; and not ypafxfxa, aroi, litera scripta, and which would require a neuter adjunct, never given to this word. CRYPTOGRAMME. 127 tvith linear or linear-oblong, somewhat siliquiform pinnules, pinnatedly veined. Unquestionably the first who separated this from the genus Pteris was Bern- hardi, and he inchided Pt. crispa, L., in his Allosorus, with the very imperfect character " Sporangia cathetogyrata, sessiiia, suhaggregata. Ilyposporangia sub- communia, margine libero subpelkicida ;" but that genus Allosonis has been made a receptacle for Ferns of very varied structure, according to the different views of authors res])ecting tlie Hmits of the genera, especially of those included in this work under the name of Pellcea. Presl retains the plant under consideration in his genus Allosorus, with the majority of the species of which it has little in common, and, strangely enough, he removes the Crypt ogramme acrostichoides of Mr. Brown, and C. Brunoniana, Wall., which we have ventured to consider as not specifically distinct, far away in his genus Gymnogramme. Phorolohus of Desvaux, adopted by Fee, is of more recent date than Mr. Brown's Cryptogramme, unless Desvaux has pubhshed it in some earlier work than I am aware of, viz. the ' Mem. de la Soc. Linneenne ' (if he has he gives no reference to it in this work), and he quotes Mr. Brown's Cryptogramme in the same volume and in the same essay as a dif- ferent genus. His character, moreover, is no improvement on Bernhardi's, and he includes a species from China, one from the West Indies, and a third from Australia ! In taking the bold step to unite several supposed species into one, as I have here done, contrary to the judgment of the most distinguished botanists, it is necessary that I oft'er explanation, especially when, in conjunction with my friend Dr. Greville (Icones Filicum), I published as distinct two of the species I propose to abolish, viz. the N. American C. acrostichoides, Br., and the Northern Indian C. Brunoniana*, Wall. I would however call attention to the remark made, firstly, under C. acrostichoides : " Mr. Brown has drawn up the character of the genus so as to include our Pteris crispa, which he nevertheless considers a doubt- ful species of Cryptogramme. To us, however, there appears no generic differ- ence ; and the fertile fronds have the closest similarity in almost every particular except the shorter sori (in C. crispa). In the sterile fronds the pinnules are much broader, and never wedge-shaped in the plant before us (C. acrostichoides)." Under C. Brunoniana we observed, " This, though from so remote a country (Himalaya), is yet almost identical with that of Nootka Sound and subarctic Ame- rica (C acrostichoides) ; the only difference exists in the sterile fronds," &c. If indeed there was a manifest difference in the sori, so as to constitute different genera, between C. crispa and C. acrostichoides and Brunoniana, as Presl, and lately Mettenius, maintain is the case, the first could upon no account be united with the two latter ; but I think I may appeal to the magnified representations of the sori of C. crispa, as given in our ' Genera Filicum ' and in Fee's ' Genera Filicum,' and of those of the two kinds in the ' Icones Filicum,' in support of my views that there is no available distinction ; and I have copious specimens before me at this moment of our British species (C crispa), in proof that, as in C. acro- stichoides, these sori occupy so much of the veins, and are " ita approximati, ut discus totus pinnulse explanatae capsulis maturis tectus est, et in hoc stadio filix species Grammitidis vel Acrostichi quasi evadit," Br. Our specimens, gathered in an advanced state in Galloway, Scotland, have the involucres quite spi-eading, and exposing the sori occupying nearly the whole veins. When an old plant is found in a very distant part of the world from its pre- viously known locality, one is apt to look upon it as something new ; and, as is * Cryptogramme Jamesoni, Hook, and Grev., noticed under this species in Ic. Fil., is Cheilanthes marginata, H.B.K. (and of this vol., p. 105), though omitted in the synonyms of that plant. 128 CRYPTOGilAMME. the case with the Cedar of Lebanon and the Cedar of Himalaya, it is very diffi- cult to remove the inii)ression once made upon the mind, although no tangible character to distinguish them can be detected. I shall now consider the ditl'erent variations or forms of our plant, as much as possible under their respective countries, for I allow that the mass of specimens from Europe, Asia, and America, exhibit some slight differences, often not easily defined. 1. C. cr'ispa. a. forma Europaa ; rather slender suljflaccid, pinnules of the sterile fronds of two kinds, subobovate dee})ly cut into 2-5 oblong segments, rarely elliptical and pinnatifido-serrated, those of the mature fertile fronds linear-oblong with the mar- gins or involucres more or less recurved, sometimes quite spreading, and then the pinnules are elliptical. — Crypto- gramme crispa, Br. in Rich. App. to Franklin's First Journ. p. 54. Hook. Gen. Fil. t. 113. Hook, et Am. Brit. Flora, ed. 7)P' 59, t. 10,/. 5. Phorolobus crispus, Desv. in Mem. de la Soc. Linn, de Paris,"^ p. 291, " ^. 11^' [Pritzel). Fee, Gen. Fil. p. 130, /. 6 D. AUosorus crispus, Bernh. Neues Journ. fur die Botanik, part 2, p. 36. Presl. Mettenius. AUosorus minutus, Turcz. Plant. Imag. et Descr. Ft. Russ. p. 9, t. 3 (small var. fertile frond partially barren). Pteris crispa, Lwm. ilf;S. 8m. E. Bot. t. 1160. Willd. Sp. PI. y. p. 395. Pteris Stelleri, Gmel. AUosorus Stelleri, Rupr. Ledeb. F. Ross. iv. p. 526. Pteris minuta, Tnrcz. Cat. PL Bate. Osmunda, L. Sp. PI. p. 1522. Acrostichum, Vill. Onoclea, Hoffm. Hab. General throughout Middle and Northern Europe, especially in mountain regions and moist districts, as far north as Lapland and Lake Baikal, Siberia ;t south to the Pyrenees, Spain; Astnrias, Durieu ; Sierra Nevada, Boissier, elev. 8-9000 feet; and to Mount Olympus in Asia Minor, Sihthorpe. * Pritzel, ' Ic. Bot. Ind. locuplet.,' quotes vol. vi. t. 11, but my copy of this little-known and most ill-assorted work has no title-page, no date, and no tab. 11, and wo figure of this plant. Several of the plates of this volume bear date 1827 ; and this, as far as I can learn, is about the date of the publication of the genus. t The authority for the Siberian plant is Ruprecht and Turczaninow, as given in Trautvetter's ' Plantarum Imagines et Descriptioncs Floram Rossicam lllus- trantes,' and Ledebour, in ' Flora Rossica.' This latter author gives four species of Cryptogramme {'^AUosorus") natives of the Russian dominions, and these are divided into three groups: — 1. " Cryptogramme, R. Br.; frondes steriles et fer- tiles dissimiles. Sori secundum totum decursum venularum pinnuLx, cujus marge primum demum cxplanatus." Under this there arc two species, A.foveolatus, Rupr. (A. crispus, Kaulf. Enum. Fil.), from Unulashka and Kadjak, "an idem ae Cryp- togramma acrostichoides, R. Br. V and A. Sitc/iensi.i, Rupr. (Cr. acrostichoides, Bong., from Sitcha). 2. "AUosorus, Bernh. ; frondes steriles et fertiles dissimiles. Sori versus apiccm venularum pinnuhx, cujus margo semper involutus." To this section our atithor refers Pteris crispa, L., stated to he found only in Russian CRVPTOGRAMME. 129 Notwithstanding that our learned friend, Mr. Brown, framed his character of Cry])togramme with a view to inchide our C. crispa, " qua; dubia quidera species, ob sores abbreviates potius subrotundos quam lineares," vie are disposed to con- sider it by no means generically distinct, and not even specifically so, either from that gentleman's C. acrostichoides, or from the C. Brunoniana of Dr. Wallich. It is true that the chief distinction between the plant now under consideration and the two latter is, that C. crispa has often the fertile pinnules when mature nar- rower, with smaller or shorter sori and fewer sporangia, but that is very variable in different specimens, and tliese sori do not extend and become so completely con- fluent over the back of the pinnules as generally to force back the involucres, and thus to present a broader surface of pinnule, as is more or less common to the other two kinds; but this is a character not unlikely to depend on soil and cli- mate, and which, in other Ferns, would not be considered of specific, much less of generic value. Another peculiarity in this state of C. crispa is, that its habit is more slender than the continental forms, though even this is by no means uni- versal ; some of our specimens are very stout and firm. b. forma Indica ; erect stout somewhat rigid, pinnules of the sterile fronds varying as in the European form, those of the mature fertile fronds rjither broad-oblong with the mar- gins (or involucres) spread open (not permanently revolute). — Cryptogramme Brunoniana, Wall. Cat. n. 396. Hook, et Grev. Ic. Fit. t. 158. Mettenius. Gymnogramme Bruno- niana, Presl, Tent. Pterid.p. 219. Phorolobus Brunonianus, Fee, Gen. Fit. p. 131. Hab. N. India. On the higher alps of Kamoun, Blinkworth {Wallich), Messrs. Strachey and Winterbottom, elev. 12,000 feet ; Baiti, N. W." Thibet, Shayak Valley, elev. 9000, Dr. Thomson. Above Simla, Col. Bates. Choor, N. India, Mr. Edgeworth. Interior of Sikkim-Hiraalaya, elev. 1 1-13,000 feet, Hooker and Thomson. I place this variety next to the European form, because, in the aggregate of specimens before me, the sterile fronds are exactly as in our European plant, that is, of two kinds, the one kind with the obovate segments deeply divided, serrated, single-nerved, the other with the pinnules elliptical, deeply serrated and pin- natedly veined, whereas the fertile pinnules more resemble those of the following Lapland. 3. " Homopteris, Rupr. ; frondes omnes consimiles, pinnae superiores fertiles, inferiores plerumque steriles." To this is referred A. minutus, Turcz. et Trautv. (Pteris Stelleri, Gmel, Pteris minuta, Turcz. in Cat. Baik.), native of Siberia. With regard to the supposed species from Kadiak (Kadjak) and from Sitcha, I can only say that our specimens from these very countries are identical with our European form. The true Allosorus or Cryptogramme crispa will not belong to his second section, if the character " cujus (pinnule) niargo semper in- volutus" is of any importance, as I have shown above. In regard to his third section, it is evident that its main or principal character depends upon the " frondes omnes consimiles, pinnre superiores fertiles," &c. ; but I have Spanish specimens of Cr. crispa with the ujjjjcr half of the pinnules of the frond fertile, and the lower sterile, and Scotch ones with the lower half fertile and the upper half sterile. It is only by means of an extensive series of specimens from various localities that we can show that these tritliug difierences, made so much of by those who see specific distinctions in every deviation from the normal form of a plant, can he duly appreciated. 130 PKLL.EA. (American) form, although they are not quite so large ; but, while the majority of the Indian specimens are as here described, there are others that are more slender and flaccid, with fronds and narrower fertile pinnules, in short, in all particulars resembling our own native specimens. c. forma Americana ; erect generally rather stout, pinnules of the sterile fronds usually ellii)tical or ovate and more or less deeply and regularly serrated, those of the mature fertile fronds rather broad-oblong with the margins (or involucres) much spread. — Cryptogramme acrostichoides, Br. in App. Franklin and Richardson's First Journ. pp. 39 and 54. Hook, et Grev. Ic. Fil. t. 29. Fee, Gen. Fit. p. 131. AUosorus crispus, KauJf. Hab. N., and chiefly N. W., America, Hudson's Bay Company's territories, be- tween 56° and 60° north, Sir John Richardson. First found by Mr. Menzies at Nootka Sound. Abundant on dry rocks between the grand rapids and great Falls of the Columbia, and on the mountains of Macgillivray's River, and sparingly in the Rocky Mountains near the source of the Columbia, 1825, 6, and 7, Douglas. (The specimens from these stations may be considered the types of the C. acro- stichoides, Br., and were the first recognized specimens referred to Cryptoyamme; and they have the broad, flattened, mature, fertile pinnules, and generally ellipti- cal, rigid, sterile ones.) — Island of Kodiak (Ruprecht) ; North-west coast of Ame- rica, both at Kodiak and Sitcha, Barclay ; Unalashka, Chamisso ; Sitka, Mertens e Rupr.; all these, and specimens just received (March, 1 857) from J. A. Laphani, Esq., gathered on Isle Royale, Lake Superior, by W. D.Whitney, Esq., — the only locality known within the U. States, — possess quite the European form. 9. Pell^a, Link (1841), Fee. Allosorus, in part Presl, scarcely of Bernhardi, (Hook. Gen. Fil. tab. V., and tad. CXV. A., as Platyloma, J. Sm.) Pteridis sp., Linn, and others. Sari linear or oblong, occupying the upper portion of the simple or forked veins, at length becoming confluent and forming a continued more or less broad marginal line of fructification. Involucre marginal, generally narrow continu- ous, formed of the dilated more or less changed and often membranaceous margin of the frond, at first revolute, at length frequently spread open, so as to expose the entire fructification. — Ferns tropical or subtropical and of temperate regions. Caudex often creejnngj Fronds simple and palmate or pedate, or j)innate, or more generally bi-tripinnate or de- compound, mostly of a harsh and rigid character and when dry of an olive-brown colour. Veins pinnate, free, mostly inconspicuous and sunk in the thick and opaque substance. Stipes more or less elongated, and together with the straight PKLLiEA. 131 or flexuous rachis mostly eheiieous, glabrous and glossy, or more or less clothed ivith chaffy hairs or scales. The Ferns which I now bring under the genus Pellcea of Link, I liave been accustomed, in my miscellaneous writings on Ferns, to refer to AUosorus, a genus suggested by Bernhardi, maintained and greatly extended by I'resl, and more satisfactorily circumscribed by Kunze. But it must be acknowledged to have undergone so many changes and rejections that I am not sure if Bernhardi would acknowledge any of the species now generally referred to it, as belonging to his genus JUosorus. We have elsewhere, in discussing the genus Crypt ogrannne of Brown, quoted Bernhardi's definition of Allosorus, and that author further re- marks (' Neues Journal fiir die Botanik,' vol. i. part 2, p. 3G), " The genus Allo- sorus includes all the AJinnIa spuria of Swartz, besides Adiantum pusillum, Willd. (Pteris acrosticha of B/il/ns, — Cheilanthes fragrans of this volume, p. 81), "Pteris crispa, and probalily hoterophylla, Sw. 1 have given it the name in con- sequence of the diversity in the grouping of the sporangia " (thus those who alter the name to Allosurus do so in error). " In some they are mostly solitary, as in Allosorus pusillics, in others they are clustered. In some there is only one to each hyposporangium, in others several." — Now as Swartz has no group or division of "Adianta spuria," it may admit of doubt as to what is here meant by the term, and Fern writers seem to consider it to mean species ef Cheilanthes. One thing is certain, that the Linna^an Pteris crispa is not mentioned as if it were considered the type of the genus; and we cannot but think that so ill-de- fined a genus as this of Bernhardi, is better abolished. And such seems to be the opinion of others, or they only maintain it for Pteris crispa. Professor Link,* in 1841, established the genus Pell(pa,f or the legitimate species of Allosorus of Presl and Kinize, and Mr. J. Smith.t in 1842, published his genus Platyloma, and transfers the Allosori just mentioned, in part at least, to that genus, and the rest to Cassebeera of Kaulfuss. In tine, M. Foe, in his elaborate ' Genera Fili- cum,' gives the preference to Pellcea, and we gladly follow him. If we consider the fructification, the difference between Pteris and Pellcea is this ; that whereas in the former the sori arise from a longitudinal continuous re- ceptacle in the axis of the involucre, in Pellcea the sori are in reality separate, having their origin on the apex of the veins, more or less covered when young by the involucre, but eventually becoming confluent, so as to form apparently a continuous marginal sorus. It is true this is too often a microscopical character, which few are able to avail themselves of; but happily there is a habit which, in many Cryptogamic plants, comes to our aid as a secondary character of great im- portance. " On les reconnait " (the species of Pellcea, says M. Fee), " a la pre- miere vue a I'epaisseur des lames, souvent opaques et a la couleur verte olivatre qu'elles prennent en se dessechant. Les stipes et les nervnres principales ont cette consistance crustacee fragile et cette couleur noire luisante, si remarquable dans les Adiantum. EUes ne produisent que bien rarement des ecailles frondu- laires, et leurs dernieres divisions tendent a la forme lineaire, ou se terminent en pointe." Still it must be confessed that many of these marks are inconstant, and * ' Filicum Species in Ilorto Regio Berolinensi cultse.' t From ire\os vel irfWos, niger, fuscus, " stipes rigidus, badius, unde PellKam dixi" (Link). It is a little unfortunate that there should have been many years earlier (1818) a Pellia, named in honour of a learned Florentine Advocate, Pelli, given to the Epiphyllous group of Jungermannia among HepaticcP: a genus how- ever, if known to Link, probably not adopted, even at the time his Pellcpa was enounced : for Endlicher, in his ' Genera Plantarum,' published 1836-1840, refers to it as not generally received. t In Hook. Bot. Journal, vol. iv. p. 159 and 160. 132 PELL.EA. unless the peculiar character derived from the position of the sori he considered and he constant, there is hut little that will enahle us to distinguish them from some species of Pleris on the one hand, and from those species of Cheilanthes which have less interrupted sori on the other. Nor is it more easy to define the exact limits of the si)ecies, so variable are they in the form of the pinna; in dif- ferent stages of development and even on ditterent parts of the same frond. We trust our figures will he found useful to the student in the determination of the species. No acknowledged Pellcea (or Allosorus) is known to have anastomosing veins. * Fronds more or less pedate. 1. P. pUosa ; small, fronds subcordiform, fertile ones deeply subquinquelobately pedate (hence in a sense pinnate) coriaceous opaque, primary lobes ovate petiolate deeply bi- pinnatifid, segments narrow-oblong entire, rachis and costa (beneath) hairy, sterile ones quinquelobately pedate primary lobes broad pinnatitid ultimate lobes short very obtuse upper surface subglabrous beneath clothed with copious chaffy hairs, stipes and rachis ebeneous more or less paleaceo- hispid. (Tab. CXIV. B.) — Pteris pilosa, Poh\ hi Encijcl. Mail. V. 2^. 717. Sw. Syn. Fil. p. 163. Willd. Sp. PL v. p. 362. Cheilanthes heterophylla, Willd. Htrb. Ailosorus heterophyllus, Presl, Tent, {name only). Hab. " Isles Maurices " {Hcrh. Lamarck.) ; Isle of Bourbon, Herb. Mus. Paris, (in Herb. Nostr.) I had the pleasure to receive specimens of this rare plant from the Paris Mu- seum, under the name of Cheilanthes hef.erophylla, Willd. It does not appear to he anywhere described under that name, and is clearly the Pteris pilosa of Poiret, from the " Isles Maurices " (which probably includes Bourbon, for it seems un- known in the Mauritius. It is aUied in general structure to our P. geraniifoUa, and to our var. b. columbina of P. lomariacea ; but the fertile frond is more compound and pinnated, and the sterile fronds are clothed with chaffy hairs. 2. P. geranmfoUa, Fee ; small glabrous, root ccespitose, fronds cordiform ternate and pedate subcoriaceous opaque, primary lobes broad-lanceolate pinnatifid or usually Ijipinna- tifid, terminal one cuneate at the base, secondary ones lan- ceolate, ultimate segments ovato-lanceolate entire and as well as the sinuses acute, stipites elongated and as well as the main rachises ebeneous. — Fee, Gen. Fil. p. 130, Pteris geraniifolia, Raddi, Fil. Brasil. w. 110. Hook. Ic. Plant. Rar. X. /. 915. Pteris Pohliana, Presl, Tent. Pterid. p. 145. Pteris pedata, Kze. in Linncea, x. p. 522 {not Linn.). Pelltea pedata and P. palmescens ? {nauie only). Fee, Gen. Fil. p. 130. Pt. pedatoides, Desv. Pt. Mysorensis, Heyne in Wall. Cat. n. 87. Pteris concolor, Langsd. et Fisch. Ic. Fil. p. 19, /. 21. PRLLiliA. 133 Hab. Brazil; about Rio, Raddi and others. S. Brazil, Selknr. Santa Marta, Columbia, Purdie. Venezuela, near Tovar, Fendler {PL Vencz. n. 92). Mada- gascar and Mauritius, Bojcr. Cape of Good Hope, Menzics, Drpt/e. Nilghiri, E. Indies, Ileyne {Tf'aUich) , Maclror, Gideon Thomson, Exq. Luzon, Cuming. Mar- quesas, Langsdorff. Volcano, Owhyliee, Macrae. Fiji Islands, and Island of Aneiteum, Milne {Voyage of If. M.S. Herald). Galapagos, Douglas. — It is very excusable in any one who at a first glance shall refer this plant to some of the common and more compound forms of Pteris (Litobrochia or Doryopteris of au- thors) pedata, or still more in any one who shall unite with it our Pleris Eeechey- ana of this volume, and the more so as the opacity of the fronds renders it very difficult to distinguish the nature of the sunken venation, — reticulated in Pt. pedafa and Beccheyana, forked and free in our plant. The frond is, indeed, gene- rally more compound, and of a somewhat thinner substance. 3. P. hniariacea ; a foot and more high, root ceespitose, fronds cordate or cordato-ovate coriaceous very opaque^ ste- rile ones extremely varia1)le ):)innatifidly 3- or 5-lobed more or less divided into secondary lobes which are oblong or ob- ovato-rotundate, fertile ones similarly divided, the lobes or segments linear-elongated remote with broad and very ob- tuse sinuses, sori in age broad, stipites elongated (especially of the fertile fronds) black-ebeneous deciduously hairy below, fertile ones much longer than the sterile ones. a. septemJoba ; sterile fronds about 7-lobed, lobes oblong, subsimple. — Pteris lomariacea, Kze. in Herb. Monac. et Vin~ dob. [fide Klotzsch). Doryopteris lomariacea, Kl. in Linncea, XX. p. 343. Pteris septemloba, KL in Herb. Berol. b. colnmbina ; sterile fronds broad-cordate sub-5-lobed, lobes closely pinnatifid rotundate or obovate short. — Pellcea columbina, Hook. MS. in Herb. Nostr. (Tab. CXII. A.) c. diyifrlo-palmata ; larger and very coriaceous, sterile frond bi-oad-palmate 7-lobed, lobes acute, fertile ones deeply digitate with seven flabellate elongated (4 inches long) entire and two lesser deflected lobes. Hab. a. British Guiana, Rich. Schomburgk, n. 1197 {Klotzsch in Ilerh. Nostr.). Old Walls, Infecionado, Diamond district, Brazil, Gardner, n. 5297. — b. Summit of the Organ Mountains, Brazil, Gardner, n. 5930. — c. Rocky, elevated places in the same locality with a. Diamond district, Brazil, Gardner, n. 5298. — In the Pteris-group of Ferns we have, among the pedal e forms, a set with free venation, here (correctly or not) ranked with Pellcea (Allosorus of most authors) ; and a set with reticulated or anastomosing venation, ranked by some in Litobrochia, by others constituting the genus Doryopteris ; each possesses two species so exactly similar, so completely the analogues of one another, that but for the difference in the venation, I do not see how they are to be distinguished : this happily puts an cud to all doubt respecting specific identity. Pteris (or Doryopteris) Beecheyana, Nobis, is Pellcea geraniifolia with reticulated veins, as our present plant Pelhea lomariacea is Pleris (or Doryopteris) pedata with free veins. Our excellent friend Dr. Klotzsch has assuredly consulted the natural affinity, in uniting, as he has done (in Linnaea, v. xx. p. .342), these two groups of pedate Pteridece into VOL. 11. T 134 PELLiEA. one genus, but wc hardly think that Mr. J. Smith (with whom the venation is a sine tjud non) will sanction the adoption of his Doryopterk for it. Dr. Klotzsch too overlooks the character (if indeed there be such a character conn font) of the sori being on the veins or veinlets in Platyloma, J. Sm. (corresponding with PdUpa), and the continuous marginal receptacle of his Doryopteris. I shall have occasion to refer to this subject in considering the genus Pteris as adopted in this work. Pellcea lomariacea I believe to be a very distinct species from the preceding, tolerably constant in the form of the fertile frond, and, like Pteris- pedala, singu- larly variable in the sterile frond, which is always smaller, and on a much shorter stipes than the fertile one. In the form I have called (a.), the type of the species, the sterile frond is not peculiarly different from the fertile one; in both the stipes is twice the length of the sterile one, and from 1 to nearly 2 feet long. The se- cond var. (b.) is best understood by the figure of the sterile and fertile frond at Tab. CXII. A. Our var. (c.) is a very remarkable one; the frond is broader than long in both the sterile and fertile frond : the former is quite palmate, cut oidy about halfway down into seven broad segments, altogether resembling a 7-lobed ivy-leaf ; while in the fertile frond the divisions reach almost to the base, the segments are linear, flahellately disposed ; at the base are two deflected, lesser lobes. Indeed the three varieties have, at first sight, so distinct an appearance from each other, that did we not know how liable allied species are to sport, they would not be suspected to belong to one and the same species. 4. P. Tamburii, Hook. ; caudex . . . , frond 6 inches long submembranaceo- coriaceous white and powdery beneath deeply and pedately 5-partite, primary lobes deeply pinna- tifid the segments subovate a little falcate u.sually obtuse undivided or subpinnatifid crenate with a black dot in the sinus of the crenatures, lower or lateral primary lobes ovato- acuminate in circumscription, central primary lobe broad lan- ceolate, veins sunk obscure (except when held between the eye and the light) forked free terminating in a 2-lobed sori- ferous apex which is confluent with a marginal line, involu- cre subintramarginal universal and continuing all round to the points of the lobes slightly sinuate and a little trans- versely waved, sori subconfluent but all originating on the 2-lobed apex of the vein, stipes longer than the frond and as well as the costa beneath ebeneous purple very glossy. (Tab. CXXIX. A.) Hab. Tambur River, Eastern Nepal, Dr. Hooker. — This is a very peculiar species, truly pedate in the frond, but with a much less hard or rigid and strictly coriaceous texture than the other species of this section. The general form and appear- ance, and especially the white powdery clothing of the fronds, remind one of some of the farinose species of Cheilanthes ; but the involucre is continuous, and extends round the apices and along every lobe of the whole frond. The colour of the upper surface, in the dried state at least of the fronds, is of a rich tawny brown colour, as if withered ; yet the fructification is not seen to be in a peculiarly advanced state, as if withering from age : the veins are rather wide apart, a little elevated, and consequently visible on the upper surface, quite sunk, and invisible beneath, except when held between the eye and the light, and then they are very conspicuous. There is an evident marginal line at the ])oint of junction of the involucre and the frond, and each veinlet terminates in a thickened, forked, or two- PELLiEA. 135 lobed apex, which lobes are the receptacles of the capsules, and are more or less confluent with the marginal line or nerve, and it is these receptacles which occa- sion the black dots at the edges of the frond beneath. In age tiic sori diverge so as to be almost confluent, but they are not continuous on the marginal nerve as in Pleris ; on the other hand neither arc they decurrent on the veinlets ; so that it may be considered a dubious point wliether this should be considered a Pcllcea or P/eris. ** Fronds pinnate ; pinna entire. 5. P. j)orudoxa; pinnated, pinnae (9-24 or 25) sliortly petiolated (upper ones sessile) large cordato-oblong acute or obtuse glabrous, veins especially beneath obsolete, sori (ma- ture) very broad, involucre very narrow never covering the mature sori, stipes elongated, rachis paleaceo-villous at length glabrous. (Tab. CXI. A.) — Adiantuni paradoxum, Br. Prodr. p. 155. AUosorus paradoxus, Kze. Platyloma Brownii, /. Sm. in Hook. Gen. Fil. sub tab. 115 A. (name only, the figure is that of Pella3a falcata) ; and in Hook. Journ. of Bot. iv. p. 160. Pelleea cordata. Fee, Gen. Fil. p. 130. Pteris cordata, Sieb. Fl. mixta, n. 269. Pteris latizona. All. Cunn. MSS. Hab. N. S. Wales, P. Jackson, Brown, Siefjer. Brisbane River, in dry shady woods, All. Cunningham, Dr. F. Mueller (fronds glaucous beneath). — Mr. Brown, probably considering the receptacular veins to extend into the involucre as in Adiantum (though to me the real involucre appears to be exterior to these, the portion bearing the sori never being folded in), was induced to refer this fine plant to that genus, and to give it the name of A. paradoxum ; for it has all the habit of his Pterin falcata, which he places in the Adiantoid section of Pteris. But a carcfid examination of the sori in the latter plant shows that they have the same origin, and are of precisely the same nature as in his Adiantum paradoTum. Mr. J. Smith has consequently, and with much propriety, placed them next each other, in his genus Platyloma, with some other pteridoid plants taken mainly from AUosorus of Presl. This genus however proves identical with the older one of Pellcca, Link, is confirmed by Fee, and is, I think, and as I have already observed, to be preferred to AUosorus. Our remarks made under the next species (P. falcata), will tend to prove that this plant has a greater affinity with the P. falcata than either Mr. Brown or Mr. J. Smith suspected. P. para- dora is a foot to a foot and a half long, the rachis generally a little flexuose, stout. Pinna; from an inch and a half to three inches long, and from half an inch to full an inch wide. The mature sori form a very broad, continuous band along the spreading portion of the piiniule, and are never, that I can find, covered by the involucre. The Pelltea cordata of M. Fee, 1. c, founded on the 'Flora Mixta' of Sieber, n. 2G9, from N. S. Wales (not "from the Cape"), is precisely the Pvlhea paradora. 6. P. falcata, Fee ; caudex creeping, frond linear-oblong pinnate, pinnte (26-40 or 50) on very short petioles (the upper ones sessile) oblong-lanceolate generally subfalcate truncate or subcordate at the base acute and often mucronate at the point glabrous or sometimes ferrugineo-hirsute the hairs frequently arising from little bulbs or tubercles, veins 13(» PELL/EA. obsolete, involucre narrow when young involute, mature sori forming a broad band just within the narrow involucre, stipes and rachis stout erect clothed with chafty scales and often spreading hairs. — Fee, Gen. Fil. p. 129. Pteris falcata, Brown, Proch\ JJ- 154. Presl. Hook. Fit. FL N. Zeal. W.j). 24. AUosorus falcatus, Kze. in Linncea, xxxm. p. 219. Platyloma falcatum, J. Sm. in Hook. Gen. Fil. ^. 15 A. {wide)' the tiame of Platyloma Brownii). /3. setosa ; stipes and rachis setose with copious spreading ferruginous hairs, pinntE subhirsute, the hairs often arising from little bulbs or tubercles. — Pteris seticaulis. Hook. Ic. Plant. Par. iii. /. 209. Pt. alternifolia, JVall. n. 2182. 7. nana ; small, pinnse sharply auriculated at the base and strongly mucronate at the point. (Tab. CXI. B.) Hal). New South Wales and Van Diemen's Land, Brown, Allan Cunningham. (Blue Mountains), R. Gunn, Sieber. Darbin Creek, Dr. Mueller, llaoul Island, Kennada Isles, and Sunday Island, Macgillivray, n. 952, and Milne, n. 03 (Voy. of II. M.S. Herald, 1854, specimens having the pinnse quite like those of P. para- doxa), Auckland, K. Zealand, Northern Island, Sinclair, n. 51. — /3. India, Dindi- gul, and Neilgherries, Madras Presidency, Dr. Wight and G. Gardner. Penang, Lady Dalhousie. — 7. Dry, leafy woods, Brisbane River, Allan Cunningham. — Except the usually taller, but narrower, and more numerously pinnated fronds, with narrower pinnje, and stipes and rachis squamuloso-hirsute, we see no dift'er- tnce between this and the P. paradoxa : and certainly the specimen communi- cated by Mr. Smith to the 'Genera Filicum,' and there figured (tab. 115 A.) under the name of Platyloma Brownii (Pellaea paradoxa), belongs to the present plant, as shown by the form of the pinna;, clothing of the rachis, etc. If I suc- ceeded in showing a very close affinity between the present and preceding species, it will not be more difficult, thanks to copious specimens, in the herbarium and cultivation, to indicate as great a similarity between the present and the follow- ing, Pellcea rotundifolia. 7. V. rotundifolia ; caudex long creeping, fronds pinnate linear rigid decumbent or suberect, pinnae (30-40) small oval or subrotund rarely oblong-subovate subcordate at the base obtuse or mucronate at the point glabrous, veins obsolete, involucre when young narrow and involute, mature sori forming a broad band never covered with the narrow invo- lucre, stipes and rachis stout clothed with chaffy scales and hairs which are often spreading. — Pteris rotundifolia, Forst. Prodr. n. 420. Sw. Sijn. Fil. p. 102 and 297. Schkuhr, Fil. t. 99. Hook. Ic. Plant, t. 422. Hook. Fil. Fl. Nov. Zeal. ii. p. 24. Platyloma, /. Sm. AUosorus rotundifolius, Kze. in Linnaa, xxm. p. 219. (3. ohlongifolia ; pinnis cordato-oblongis. Pteris oblongi- folia, Colenso, 3JS. in Herb. Nostr. Hab. Northern and middle and southern islands of New Zealand, and in Banks' PELLiEA. 137 Island, Forster, All. Cunninyham, Colenso, D'Urville, J. D. Hooker, Sinclair, etc. Norfolk Island, Kunze. — This handsome species, or, as I fear it ought more cor- rectly to be considered, form of P. falcala, is peculiar to New Zealand, unless Kunze is correct in giving it as a native also of Norfolk Island : and the true P. falcala, gathered only hy Dr. Sinclair in New Zealand, seetns very rare; hut most botanists find intermediate forms between the two. Indeed our growing plants in the temperate Fern-house at Kew, will show, from the same root, fronds with very varied forms of pinnules, subrotund, oval and oblong. Dr. Hooker's and Mr. Colenso's native specimens exhibit the same variations, so that the former (Fl. N. Zeal. vol. ii. p. 25) has expressed his belief that P. rotundi- folia will prove to be a form of P. falcala. In this and the two preceding species it is but rare that a true involucre (a narrow, inflexed, membranous edge) is to be seen, or only in the very young state of the fructification, so that the fully formed sori may be Siiid to arise from a quite exposed spreading portion of the pinnae : if indeed that portion bearing the sori were at any time folded in, as in Pteris, it would be an involucre, resembling that of Adiantum. I have never seen it in that state. 8. P. Doniana; a foot to a foot and a half high, caudex short creeping with copious tufted fibrous roots, frond broad lanceolate pinnated, pinnae few (10-12-18) 2-3 inches long subcoriaceous on short petioles glabrous oblong-ovate gradu- ally acuminate coarsely serrated in the barren portion, the base obtuse or slightly cordate, veins obscure forked free (not visible except the pinna is held between the eye and the light), sori on all the pinnee (of the fertile specimen) very narrow even when mature continued from the base nearly to the serrated point, involucre very narrow slightly intramar- ginal and flattened upon the sorus obscurely transversely wrinkled, stipes and rachis stout strict with a unilateral pu- bescent line, and as well as the petioles and lower ))ortion of the costa intensely ebeneous black glossy. (Tab. CXXV.) — Platyloma Donianum, J. Sm. MS. /S. pinnules narrower more coriaceous and opaque glaucous beneath. Hab. Tropical Western Africa, Island of St. Thomas, Bight of Biafra, G. Don. Acra, Dr. Vogel. — )3. xVbeokuta, Dr. Irving. — Mr. J. Smith first directed my at- tention to a solitary specimen of this Fern in his Herbarium, on which he had remarked, " Habit of Platyloma paradoxum, but with very narrow sori." Speci- mens in my own Herl)arium are from Acra, and a slight variety is from Abeokuta, sent to me by the late Dr. Irving, who, had his life been spared, would have contributed largely to our knowledge of tropical African botany. Although so closely allied to our Pellcea paradoxa, the narrow lines of fructification bring it near in the structure of the pinnae (not in composition) to the large varieties of P. hastata (see our Tab. CXVI. f. 1) ; but there the veining is very conspicuous, even to the naked eye ; here it is sunk in the substance of the pinna, yet tolerably conspicuous when held between the eye and the light, which is not tlie case with P. paradoxa, nor is it indeed with the var. ;8. of our present plant ; yet I cannot but consider these two as identically one species, and very different from all other known Pellcece. 138 PELLiEA. *** Fronds bi-tripinnate. 9. V. gracilis ; caudex 4-6 inches high very slender fili- form slightly scaly, fronds thin-membranaceous pale-green bipinnate, sterile pinnules obovate or subrhomboidal sinuato- lobate, fertile ones lanceolate ol)tuse crenate all more or less petiolate, terminal ones elongated, veins remote simple or forked, sori subrotund, involucres broad continuous very thin membranaceous whitish subconvex but close-jiressed, stipes very slender dark-brown glossy, superior rachises winged, (Tab. CXXXIII. B.) — Allosorus gracilis, Pr., Gray, Man. of the Bot. of North. U. St. p. 264. ed. 2. p. 591. t. 9 {excellent). Pteris gracilis, Mich. Fl. ii. p. 262 {not Fee). Cheilanthes gracilis, Kaulf. Enum. Fil. p. 209. Hab. N. America; Canada (near Malhaye), Michaux ; Goldie in Herb. Nostr. Shaded calcareous rocks, Vermont to Wisconsin, rare, Dr. Asa Gray. Dells of the Wisconsin river, J. A. Lapham, Esq. Near New York, Dr. Knieskem; VemuXAn, Dr. Sartvcll in Herb. Nostr. Northern India; Champwa, Kumaon, elev. 10,000 feet, Messrs. Strachey and ]]'interbottom in Herb. Noslr. Balti, N. W. Tibet, elev. 9000 feet ; temperate regions. Dr. T. Thomson.— The rarity of this pretty and very delicate Fern, the difficulty of obtaining perfect speci- mens, and the general resemblance of the fronds to that of some of the states of Cryptogramme cri.spa, together witli my detecting specimens identical with them among Dr. Thomson's and Messrs. Strachey and \A'interbottom's plants, gathered by them as Cryptogramme crispa, induced me for a long time to refer them to a form of that species ; nor did the excellent figure recently published of Allosorus gracilis, in Dr. Asa Gray's second edition of his ' Manual of the Botany of the Northern United States,' sufficiently convince me of my error. Upon lay- ing my doubts before Dr. Gray, however, he most kindly sent me a beautiful suite of specimens from Mr. Sullivant (gathered by Dr. Sartwell) with the ex- pression of regret that they are destitute of " root-stock, which is never collected, but it has a very small and filiform one, — not the thick rhizome of Allosorus crispus ; nor do the fronds grow ia tufts, as in that species, but scattered, so that the various shapes of frond may be found in the same patch (if the sparse assem- blage may be so called) ; they are not clustered in one root." Thus, although the barren and fertile pinnje differ in form, it is not that marked ditference that is found in Cryptogramme, as seen in one and the same tuft. Thanks to these specimens, and others from Mr. Lapham, and to Dr. Gray's remarks, I am satisfied the P. gracilis is a very distinct plant, that it is rather a Pellcea than a Cryptogramme, and happily I find the slender filiform caudex, alluded to by Dr. Gray, among Messrs. Strachey and Winterbottom's specimens. This then is one of the characteristics of P. gracilis. The fronds are moreover less comi)ound than in Cryptogramme ; the pinnules are fewer and more remote upon each pinna; the texture is much more thin and delicate, more pellucid; the involucre more uniformly tliin and membranaceous, all of the same texture, and it is more closely appressed to the frond, never rolled back ; the sori are shorter, rarely extended beyond the edge of the involucre, never covering the whole i)ack of the pinnule ; the stipes is more slender, not stramineous, but deep brown (badius) and glossy, scarcely ebeneous. 10. p. airo-purpurea, Link; glabrous or with the rachis PELI.^A. 139 more or less ferruginco- pilose (a span to a foot-and-a-half and more tall), caudcx short thick nodose scaly, fronds laxly tufted coriaceous ovato-lanceolate jiinnate or below hipinnate, pinnpc suhopposite petiolatc, pinnules .3-7 (terminal one the longest) oblong or lincar-ol)long obtuse rarely with a blunt opaque niucro the ])ase truncate or subcordate sometimes hastate or auriculatc sterile ones denticulate, veins indistinct, sori broad continuous, involucre formed of the incurved mar- gin of the pinnule the edge only submembranaceous and cre- nulate, stipes and rachis very l)lack glossy ebeneous. — Link, Fil. Hort. Berol. p. 59. Fee, Gen. Fil. Pteris atro-purpurea, Linn. Sp. PL p. 15.34. Mic/i. Am. 'u. p. 261. Siv. Si/n. Fil. p. 106. Schknhr, Fil. 93. t. 101. HV/d. Sp. PL v. p. 375. Allosorus atro-purpureus, K::e. PresL Platyloma, J. Sm. /S. natia. Pteris gracilis ? nana, Richardson in FrankL Voy. App. Bot.p. 39 {not Mich.). Ilab. N. America ; probably generally through the United States from Texas {Drummond), through the AU'eghanies to Massachusetts, through Canada to the " woody country of subarctic America, between N. lat. 54° and 04°, " when it be- comes very dwarf, not an inch high (liicftard.son), and westward to tlie limestone rocks of the Sashatchawan, Douglas ami Dnunmond. — Very variable in size, from the dwarf form just mentioned to 2 feet in height, yet departing but little from the normal character here described. Fertile pinnules from % to 1 inch long ; ter- miiial ones often 2 inches and more long; sterile ones ^ an inch broad. Stipes often equal in length to the frond. 11. P. d^lra; a span to a foot high, frond oblong pin- nate or below bipinnate, pinnaj opposite, pinnules opposite and alternate glabrous sessile or scar<;ely petiolated erecto- patent rigid entire linear-elongate or obtuse subcordate or with a sinus at the base, involucres narrow membranaceous continuous quite round the apex, stipes about as long as the frond ebeneous naked, rachis ebeneous rough with short ful- vous chaffy curled hairs. (Tab. CXIII. A.) — Allosorus durus, PresL Pteris dura, Bory in Willd. Sp. PL \. p. 376. Bojer, Hort. Maurit. p. 400. Pteris angusta, Bory in Willd. Sp. PL \.p. 388. Hab. Mauritius and Madagascar, Bojer. — I received two specimens of this very distinct plant from the late Professor Uojcr; the one simply pinnate, marked " P/eris dura, Bory ;" the other, " P/erw anf/mtn, liojer," with all the lower pinnae again pinnated, but I think evidently one and the same species. Willde- now compares it with the Pteris (Pellaea) a'trojjitrpiirea. It is indeed similar in texture, size, and somewhat in ramification ; but the great length of the narrow pinnules will distinguish this form from that and all others of this genus. The frond is 5 inches to a span long; pinnules 1 J to 2 inches long, exactly linear and of the same width throughout ; the rather narrow membranous involucre is con- 140 PELLil^^A. tinued all round the blunted apex of the puiuule, and a kind of maigin to this involucre is formed by the inflection of the edge of the frond; veining indistinct; midrib stout on the under side ; stipes and rachis very black and glossy, the latter partially clothed with fulvous, frizzled, chaffy hairs. 12. P. caloiiielanos, Link; glabrous, caudex short thick very scaly, fronds subspithameous ca^spitose subcoriaccous oblong-triangular bipinnate, pinnules all petiolulate cordato- (rarely subhastato-) triangular very obtuse entire sometimes subtrilobate or sinuate at the margin, the sinus deep and nar- row, veins dichotomously radiated, sori continuous, involucres membranaceous, stipites short scaly at the base and as well as the slender rachises and petioles black-ebeneous very glossy.— Lw?/C5 Fil. Hort. BcroJ. p. CA. Fee, Gen. Fil. p. 129. Allosorus calomelanos, Fresl, Tent. Pterid. p. 153. Hook. Bot. Mug. t. 4700. Pteris calomelanos, 8w. Syn. Fil. p. 106. Willd. Sp. Plant, v. p. 393. Kze. in Linn. p. 525. Schlec/it. Adumhr. Fil. Cap. 43. t. 24. Platylonia, /. Sm. Pteris has- tata, Thunb. {not of others). Hah. Mountain districts, South Africa, growing in rocky places at elevations above the sea varying from 400 to 4000 feet, according to Dreye ; about the Cape, Table Mountain, etc., Dr. Pappc, Capf. Carmichael. Graliam's Town, Mr. Ather- stone. Macalisberg, Zeyher and Burke, and Mr. Anderson. Isle of Bourbon, Capf. Carmichael In Herb.Nostr. North-western India; Simla, Major Madden; Kumaon, below Almora, elev. 4000 feet, Strachey and Winterbottom ; Tikri in Karli, Hi- malaya, 5-6000 feet elev., Mr. Edgeworth. — An elegant and graceful Fern, ap- parently a dry-country species, and by no means confined, as had been long sup- posed, to the mountain regions of the Cape of Good Hope. We are enabled to give the above localities from fine specimens in our Herbarium. It is strange that Kunze (in Linuaea, vol. x. p. 525) should say of this plant, " Neque ad Allo- sorum, neque ad Cheilanthem pertinet, et veros Pteridis characteres otfert." There can be little doubt of its belonging to the same group or genus of Pteridece. as Allosorus cordatus and its alUes. 13. P. auriculata, Link ; glabrous, a span high, caudex short stout scaly, fronds oblong-lanceolate csespitose sub- membranaceous olivaceous rather pellucid pinnate very rarely below sub-bipinnate, pinnules shortly petiolate triangular- ovate or hastately 3-lobed or at the base pinnatifid lobes ob- tusely crenulate at the margin, sori continuous or here and there interrupted, involucres moderately broad membrana- ceous convex or fornicate sinuato-crenate, stipes short, and rachis dark-purple ebeneous. — Link. Fee, Gen. Fil. p. 129. Pteris auriculata, Sw. Syn. Fil. p. 103. Willd. Sp. PI. v. p. 365. Sieb. Syn. Fil. n. 8. Schlecht. Fil. Cap. Adumb. t. 22. Hook, et Grev. Ic. Fil. t. 116. Pteris confluens, Thunb. Adi- antum, Thunb. Cap. ed. Schultes, ii. ;;. 7-53. Cheilanthes au- VFAA.MA. 141 riculata, Link. Kze. in Linncea, xxiii. p. 242. Cassebeera, J. Sm. Allosorus, Pi'esl. Hab. South Africa, roclvv mountains al)oiit Cape Town, Clanwilliam flistricf , etc. — A very distinct species, less liarsli and rigid than the Pellcea in general, with a good deal of the habit of Cheilanthes Capensis. The forked venation is very dis- tinctly seen when held up between the eye and the light. Mr. Brown correctly notices (Prodr. Fl. Nov. IIoll. p. 154) that the "involucrum fornicatum margine interiore inflexo soros includit, itaque et ob habitum sei)arari (a Pteride) debet." This involucre is very well represented in Dr. Greville's excellent figure (Ic. Fil. Rar. t. 116. f. 1). Our largest specimens are a fpot long; young ones have the fronds very flaccid and subpellucid ; older ones with mature fructification more rigid and opaque. 14. P. Seemanni, Hook.; much tufted 4-6 inches high, caudex short thick (not creeping) densely fibrous, fronds ovato-lanceokate membranaceous opaque obsoletely pubes- cent pale and subglaucous beneath bipinnate, pinnules sessile ovate or subcordate obtuse upper ones confluent inferior ones of the pinnce free sinuato-pinnatifid with few and very obtuse lobes, veins sunk obsolete (except seen between the eye and the light) several times forked approximate, veinlets parallel, sori narrow, involucres entire, stipes short (1-3 inches) slen- der pale brown a little scaly at the base, rachises herbaceous. (Tab. CXVII. B.) Hab. Mazatlan, Mexico, Seemann, n. 144 7. — A very distinct species from any known to me, with very much the habit and mode of growth, dense fibrous roots, and thin submembranaceous tufted fronds of the Cape P. auriculata ; but the fronds are broader, more compound, the pinnules larger, more confluent, the stipes and rachis more herbaceous, the veins closer, more parallel, more frequently forked ; the fronds are 0|)aque, and the veins only to be seen when the specimen is held between the eye and the light. 15. P. Skinneri, Hook.; a span and more high, caudex . . . , fronds deltoideo-ovate acuminate bipinnate suljmem- branaceous glabrous or very sparsely and minutely hairy beneath veined, primary pinnee few distant petiolate, secon- dary ones or pinnules sessile rhombeo-acuminate, upper ones coadunate and entire, those of the lower pinnee sessile de- current lobed or pinnatifid segments acute or acuminate, veins obliquely parallel several times forked, sori continuous, involucres narrow submembranaceous close-pressed, stipes scalv only at the base, and the rachises stramineous glossy. (Tab. CXVIII. B.) Hab. Guatemala, G. U.Skinne)', Esq. — Four specimens of this Fern, sent to me by Mr. Skinner, are all that is known to me of this very distinct Fern, and I can- not refer it lo any described species, nor point out any one to which it is closely VOL. IT. II 142 PELLiEA. allied. The fronds in the dry state are quite tawny ; the stipes and rachises pale stramineous. 16. P. termfolia. Fee ; glabrous, spithameous to a foot high, caudex short bulbiform scaly, fronds coriaceous dark-green narrow oblong lanceolate pinnate, pinnss opposite trifoHate (])seudo-verticillate) sessile, pinnules (reflexed when dry) linear mucronate uniform (mucro short opaque) two lateral ones sessile intermediate or terminal one subpetiolulate, veins immersed obscure, sori continuovis all round the point, invo- lucres broad plane formed of the rigid margin of the pinnule the edge only submembranaceous, stipes and rachis black- ebeneous very glossy. — Fee, Gen. Fil. jj. 129. Allosorus ter- nifolius, Kze. in Limicea, xxiii. p. 220. Pteris ternifolia, Cav. Presl, 1801, n. 657. Hook, et Grev. Ic. Fil. t. 126. Pteris verticillata, Sw. Syn. Fil. p. 103. WiUd. Sp. PI. v. p. 375. Presl, Reliq. Hank. i. p. 57- Platyloma ternifolium, Brackenr. U. S. EcVpl. Exp. Fil. p. 94. Pteris Peruviana, Poir. {Kze.) Hab. Andes of Peru, Jos. Jussieu (Cav.). Purrucuchu, Mafhetrs. Bafios, Brackenridge. Huanuco, Pceppig. Quito, on old walls and buildings, Jameson. Caracas, Linden, n. 513. Sierra Nevada, N. Granada, Schlim, n. 848. Sierra de Achira and El Moro, Andes of Chili, Gillies. Mexico, Schaffner. Sandwich Islands, Menzies, Douglas. On Mouna Loa and Mouna Kea, elev. 9000 feet, in great luxuriance, Brackenridge. — One of the most distinct of all Ferns. We do not see why the excellent Swartz should" have changed the name ternifolia of Cavanilles (1801) to subverticillata, in his 'Synopsis Filicum' (1806), quoting too, as he does, Cavanilles' name and date of publication. 17. P. TFrightiana, Hook.; glabrous tufted (spithameous), caudex short thick nodose scaly, fronds coriaceous pale glau- cous green broad lanceolate bipinnate, pinnae opposite sessile trifoliolate lowest pair pinnate, pinnules of all the pinnae linear-oblong (sterile ones broad oval) with a rather cartila- ginous mucro, lateral ones sessile, terminal one more or less petiolulate, sori continuous, involucres much recurved very rigid formed of the coriaceous convolute margin of the pin- nules a little thinner at the edge, stipes and rachis black-ebe- neous very glossy. (Tab. CXV. B.) Allosorus mucronatus, D. C. Eat. MS. [not of Sillim. Journ. July, 1856?). Hab. Nevr Mexico, C. Wright, Coll. N. Me.v. 1851-.'52, n. 2130. Valley of Rio Grande, Major Eaton, U.S.J. — This and the following species (P. lo7igimiccronata and P. ornithopns) are very interesting species, for such I am disposed to con- sider them, evidently forming, along with Pellcea ternifolia, a small but natural group. They are nearly the same in size ; all have the tufted stipites springing from clustered bulb-like scaly caudices or rhizomes, about the size of hazel-nuts ; all have a singularly rigid habit, and narrow (at least when fertile), somewhat linear pinnules; these pinnules are distinctly mucronate at the point. Pellcea PELL^A. 143 ternifolia, as far as I have yet seen, has the pinna; invariably trifoliolate ; no in- stance, in all my numerous specimens, of an approach to the pinna; becoming pinnate ; the colour too is a dark olive-brown (when dry), never in the least glau- cous ; and in all tlie entire frond is fertile, the mucro short opaque. Our plant now under consideration, in three very perfect specimens, has the fronds of a pale glaucous green, the superior pinna; are trifoliolate, the lowermost pair are pinnate, and these latter are moreover generally sterile, and of a broad, oval form, plane ; all too are terminated by a cartilaginous, distinct, pellucid raucro. How far dif- ference of climate may affect these plants it may be hard to say, and whether the more compound nature of tlie frond, and the more decided mucro, and the very different colour, etc., may be due to the more northern latitude, I will not under- take to determine. 18. P. longimucronata, Hook.; glabrous (a span to a foot high) tufted, caudex short thick nodose scaly, fronds coriace- ous glauco-pruinose ovato-lanceolate bipinnate, pinnee nearly opposite sessile, pinnules 7-9-13 oj:)posite (in rather distant pairs) hnear-oblong a little broader at the base sessile acute rather long cartilagineo-mucronate at the point terminal ones petiolulate, sori continuous, involucres broad formed of the coriaceous hard inflexed margin of the pinnule, stipes and sometimes pruinose rachis black - ebeneous very glossy. (Tab. CXV. a.) /3. minor. Allosorus mucronatus, D. C. Eaton, MS. {and in Slllim. Journ. July, 1856). Hab. New Mexico, C. Wright, Coll. N. Mex. 1851-52, n. 2131. |3. Bernicia, California, Major Eaton, U.S.A. — My specimens of P. longimucronata and the last species of Pellcpa are from the beautiful collection of the Plants of New Mexico, made by Mr. C. Wright, who accompanied the U. S. Boundary Commission, under the command of Colonel Graham. They have several points in common with each other and with P. ornifhopus and P. ternifolia, as observed under our last described species. This, however, is much further removed from the latter species than is Pellcea Wrightiana, which indeed may be considered an interme- diate form. The present is broader in its outline or circumscription, than that species, and it is throughout bipinnate, and with smaller pinnules, though the fronds are often longer; a trifoliolate pinna is rarely to be found on any of my specimens. The general asjiect of this little group is not unlike that of the fronds of Pellaa and romedxe folia, but the pinnules are longer and narrower in proportion, and acute and strongly mucronate.* 19. P. ornithopus, Hook. ; glabrous (a span to a foot high), caudex short thick nodose seal)', fronds tufted coria- ceous strict rigid ovate or ovato-lanceolate bipinnate, pinnaj and secondary pinnee opposite distant the latter 3-foliolate, * Since most of the above was in type I have received, through the kindness of Daniel C. Eaton, Esq., New Haven, Connecticut, specimens of my P. Wrightiana (from the V^alley of the Rio Grande), and of longimucronata, /8 (from California), both as '^Allosorus nincronatus" of that author, above quoted. The very brief character given in ' Silliman's Journal ' does not enable me to determine which of the two is the true mucronatus, otherwise that name has the right of priority. 144 PELL.liA. pinnules short subcylindrical-terete sessile (rarely subpetio- lulate) niucronate reflexed (when dry) ultimate ones solitary, sori continuous, involucres formed of the revolute margins of the pinnules scarcely thinner at the edge, stipes and ra- chises dark purple somewhat glaucous scarcely glossy. (Tab. CXVI.A.) Hab. California, Ilarttreg, n. 2042. " Between the Mississippi and the Pacific Ocean, near the 35th parallel of lat., in 1853 and 4 :" the specimens marked by Dr. Asa Gray " Pferiti anchomedo'foUa, Kaulf., var., Cohon Pass " (most likely gathered within the limits of California), Dr. J. M. Biyelow. Dry hills about ^lonterey, W. Lobb. — That this plant belongs to the same group with P, Wright- iana and P. mucronata and P. teniifolia no one can doubt who has the opportu- nity of comparing them, for they all have cliaracters in common : but the present ditt'ers from the rest specifically, if I may judge from the several specimens in my possession, and from three different collectors. The fronds are from a span to a foot high, bipinnate : the secondary pinnaj all trifoliolate, except the ultimate ones, which are simple and solitary, all opposite, and the pinnule so formed and so arranged in the tritoliolate pinna; as to resemble the claws of the foot of a small bird, each terminated with a distinct mucro. I have never received any speci- mens but from California. The terete appearance of the pinnules is caused by the strongly revolute margins, completely enclosing the fructifications, with a deep line or furrow, formed by their approximated margins, at the back of the frond, 20. P. rigida ; caudex scarcely any, roots tufted very wiry, fronds ovate or deltoid-ovate bi-tripinnate, pinnee op- posite, pinnules sessile subopposite or alternate deltoid-lan- ceolate rather obtuse, the margins crenate and ciliate, decur- rent at the base, inferior ones often with an acute lobe on the upper base, sori contiimous formed of the revolute mar- gin subcrenate, stipes and rachis purple-ebeneous glossy very paleaceous, scales spreading. — Allosorus rigidus, Fresl, Kze. Si/n. Fil. Peep, in Linncea, ix. p. 55, and in Lin?icEa, xiii. p. 137. Liebm. Fil. Max. p. 70. Pteris rigida, Sw. Syn. Fil. jjp. 104 and 299. Willd. Sp. PL v. p. 3S4. Pteris cartilagi- nea, Presl, Reliq. Hank. p. 67, t. 9, /'. 3. Pteris acutangula, Ntes in Linncea, xix. p. 684. Hab. Peru; Chalma (an prope Chalcua.', Kze.), L. Nee. Sterile rocks, near San Rafael and Ambu, Pmpiny. Mexico (Prexl), Liebmann, Aschenboni. C. Ehren- bery, Liebold in Herb. J. Smith. — Presl seemed to suspect that his PL cartila- yiiica might prove a glaljrous fronded variety of the Pt. riyida of Swartz, and Kunze confirmed this suspicion. The only specimens that have come under my notice are in Mr. J. Smith's Herbarium, from Mexico, and of these Presl's is a very faithful representation, as to general outline; and, as may be seen by his figure, the general form and composition are not very unlike exceedingly small siiecimens oi Pier is (Allosorus, Pr.) aquilina ; not so near however as to justify the opinion o. Link, of whom Kunze says, "Qua ratione ductus cl. Link (Hort. liciui. ii. p. 33), P.cartilagineam, Presl, aju/Vma; varietatem autuniare possit, non intelligo." Mr. Smith's specimens are very perfect. The largest specimen is a foot high. PELLiEA. 145 erect, rigid ; frond 5 inches long, subdeltoideo-ovate, coriaceous, dark brown in the dry state, slightly haii7 ; frond tripinnate (in the smaller specimens bipinnate, with most of the pinnules decurrent and confluent) ; the lower pinnules of the primary and secondary pinn;e with an acute lobe or auricle on the upper side of the base, and sometimes on the lower (showing a disposition to become pinua- tifid), and then the pinnule is hastate. The lowest pinna of the lowest pair of primary pinna; being longer than the rest, and a little deflexed, give a somewhat pedate form to the outline of the frond. The species is remarkably distinct, and correctly figured by Presl. 21. p. consobrina, Hook. ; a span to a foot and a half high, caudex short thick paleaceous, frond triangular coriaceous 3-pinnate glabrous, pinnules sessile (not decurrent) oblong- obtuse obscurely crenulate or ovate and deeply pinnatifid veined, segments oblong obtuse terminal one elongated, in- volucres subintramarginal membranaceous crenato-lobate at the edge, stipes long and very stout paleaceous only at the very base and as well as the rachis black-purple glossy. (Tab. CXVII. a.) — P. consobrina, Kze. in Linnaa, x. p. 526. Pteris obscura, Boj. MS. in Herb. Hook. Hah. South Africa, among 3Iimosce, Key River, woods in Uitenh.ige, Ecldon. Clefts of rocks in the Witbergen Mountains, Drege. Graham's Town, Atherstone. Port Natal, Dr. Stanger. Madagascar, Bojer. — An authentic specimen from the author satisfies me that I am correct in referring the above specimens in my Herbarium, from Graham's Town, Natal, and Madagascar, to the Pteris conso- brina of Kunze. They all agree in the very stout, elongated stipes, triangular, decompound frond : the pinnules however vary much in size in the different sam- ples. In the perfect state of the fructification the sorus is clearly intramarginal, but when more advanced the patent involucre conceals that character. It may be considered allied to P. hastata, which has however a different form of frond, and is much less compound. Kunze compares it with Pteris (Cheilanthes, Hook.) Capensis (Tab. Nostr. LXXVII. A.), but, I think, with little reason. **** Mostly tripinnate or decompound. 22. P. hastata, Link; generally quite glabrous from a few inches to two feet or more, caudex nodose scaly, root fibrous, fronds oblong subcoriaceous opaque pinnate more frequently bi-tripinnate, pinnules oval or lanceolate obtuse or acumi- nated cordate or subcuneate at the base auriculate on one side or hastate sessile (rarely subpetiolulate) crenulate at the margin, terminal ones of the primary pinnce often the largest, veins dichotomous free distinct on the under side, sori conti- nuous, involucres rather narrow (in part formed of the sub- stance of the leaf) membranaceous crenated and sinuated, stipes more or less long scaly at the very base, and rachises which are erect stiff, rarely a little sinuous, dark-purple ebe- neous glossy. (Tab. CXVI. B.) — Link, Fit. in Hort. Berol. p. 60. Fee, Gen. Fit. p. 129. Allosorus hastatus, Pr. Tent. 146 PELLiEA. Pterid.p. 153. Pteris hastata, Sw. Syn. Fil.p. 105. Willd. Sp. PL V. p. 391. Cassebeera, /. /Sm. Adiantum, Linn. Suppl. p. 447. Pteris viridis, Fiirsk. Pteris auriculata, Thunb. Prodr. p. 172. Cheilanthes hastata, Kze. in Linncea, x. p. 532, and xxiii. p. 243. Pteris adiantoides, IVilld. {fide Schlecht.) Pte- ris polymorpha, Poll'. — Var. macrophylla ; much larger in every part. (Tab. Nostr. CXVI. B. /. 4.) Cheilanthes hastata, var. macrophylla, Kze. in Linncea, x. p. 532. Chei- lanthes macrophylla, Kze. I. c. xxiii. p. 244. — Var. ste7io- phylla; bipinnate, pinnee and pinnules linear-lanceolate acu- minate undivided or hastate lobes elongated, partial rachises pubescent. Kze. in Linnoea, x. p. 533 (under Cheilanthes). Pteris hasttefolia, Schrad. Pteris spiculata, Schkuhr, Fll. t. 100. Hab. S. Africa, frequent, from the neighbourhood of Cape Town to Graham's Town, Natal, and Algoa Bay, numerous botanists and travellers. Island of Nis- sobe, Mozanibiciue Channel, Madagascar, Dr. Lyall, Bojer. Mauritius, Telfair, Carmichael, Sieber, Syn. Fil. n. 80, Wallich. Bourbon {Herb. Mies. Paris.). If we do not accord with Professor Kunze in referring this plant to Cheilanthes, we nevertheless heartily assent to his remark in the ' Linnaa,' vol. x. p. 533, " Filix, si quae uUa, magnitudine frondis, divisionumque ambitu, necnon indumento, imprimis rachium partialium et stipitis, maxime variabilis," and in his uniting the P. hasttpfolia of Schrader with it as a mere variety " stenophylla ;" and we cannot but regret that in a subsequent Memoir (Linnsa, vol. xxiii. p. 243), he has sepa- rated these plants as three distinct species, viz., 1 , Ch. macrophylla, 2, Ch. hastm- folia, and 3, Ch. hastata. Our numerous specimens show to us clearly that they are but one ; and Kunze himself says of his j8. canonica, the normal form, that it is intermediate between his a. macrophylla and his y. stenophylla. Of this latter we find so good a representation of a portion of frond in Schkiihr's ' Fil.,' t. 100, under the name of Pteris spiculata, that we quote it without hesitation, and in all probability there is some error in regard to the country of that plant. It is given as "In Americ. Bor. Florida? s. in montibus Alleghanis saxosis, Mich." Hence some have considered it to belong to Pelhea atro-jmrpurea, the only N. American species which approaches it. We give here a figure of the pinnze of the normal form of this plant, and of the macrophylla of Kunze. 23. P. Bojeri, Hook.; erect straight, caudex . . . , frond glabrous broad-lanceolate bi-tripinnate, primary pinnae ovato- lanceolate petiolate, pinnules firm subcoriaceous sessile and subdecurrent linear-oblong entire or ovate and pinnatifid segments oblong terminal one elongated all obtuse entire, involucres scarcely membranaceous at the edge, stipes (as long as the frond) hirsute with spreading chaffy hairs and as well as the rachises black-ebeneous very glossy. (Tab. CXIX. A.) — Pteris lasiopteris, Bojer MS. in Hook. Herb. llab. Madagascar, in shady and dry places. — There is a peculiarly strict and neat habit about this plant, of which I have seen only one specimen. It may rank near P. hastata, and still nearer P. consobrina ; but it seems distinct from PELL.EA. 147 these and from all others with which I am acquainted. The caudex is unknown to me ; the stipes nearly a span long, and the frond about the same length. The entirely sessile and even subdecurreut pinnules are a striking character in this plant. 24, P. Boivini, Hook. ; csespitose, a span to a foot high, caudex nodose with copious woolly fibres, fronds subtrian- gular-ovate bi-tri pinnate glabrous, pinnules elliptical or ovate sessile coriaceous spreading horizontally very obtuse on very short petiolules subcordate at the base all entire opaque, veins forked free internal obsolete, involucres subintramarginal ra- ther narrow membranaceous obscurely crenate at the edge, stipes subflexuose stout, and as well as the wiry rachises black-ebeneous glossy. (Tab. CXVIII. A.) Hab. South-eastern Africa, Macalisberg, Zeylier and Burke. Island of Nis- sobe, east coast of Africa, M. Boivin. Mauritius, Bojer. To this plant there seems to be no evident caudex ; several stipites rise from a very tufted fibrous root, are at first more or less curved or flexuose, then erect and remarkably strict where they form the main rachis. The secondary rachises, which are sometimes a little hairy, stand out horizontally, and the pinnules at right angles from these, and appear to be soon deciduous, falling off from the rachises, leaving their short petiolules, the denuded fronds then very much re- sembling some black marine coral. Tliis species again has a certain affinity with P. hastata, but the pinnules are very different in shape, and never again chvided or pinnatifid ; still more affinity with the North American P. atro-purpurea, but that also has differently formed pinnules. Nor is it far removed in general habit from the Mauritian Pteris (Litobrochia, Presl, Doryopteris, /. Sm. and Fee) ar- ticulatn, Kaulf. ; but in that the pinnules are much larger, and in the fertile ones gradually and much acuminated, and in the copiously anastomosing venation (though difficult to be seen) there is ample means of distinction. I may how- ever observe that in our P. Boivini I have seen some of the veins, though rarely, anastomosing. It is not the normal state of the venation. 25. p. robusta, Hook.; "fronds uniform? (not of two kinds), fertile one coriaceous glabrous oblong obtuse tripin- nate or bipinnato-pinnatifid, pinnules or lacinise ovate or el- liptical cuneate at the base, general rachis and stipes short seraiterete stout curved flexuose purple, caudex stout creep- ing densely ferrugineo- paleaceous," Kze. — Allosorus ro- bustus, Kze. in Linnaa, x. p. 502, and in Schkulir, Fil. Suppl. ii. j9. 7. t. 104. Hab. South Africa ; stony mountains in Naniaqna Land, Dre'ge. — My own spe- cimens of this, I think, very distinct plant, are derived from the same source as those described by Kunze, the author of the species ; and as the entire stipes and caudex are wanting to me, I give his character, which, together with his figure above quoted, appear to be very faithful. He seems however to have a ground- less fear lest it might prove to be identical with Cryptogramme (Allosorus) crispa. " HfEsitavi paullisper," he says, " nuni speciem J. crispo similem separarem, nee ne fide comparatione speciminum A. crinpi e diversissimis regionibus persuasum mihi est, utramque esse diversam." " In our present plant," Kunze goes on to 148 PELL^EA. say, " I have only seen fertile fronds from the ciudex : — this cavcJe.r is nearly as thick as the little finger, creeping, densely ferrngineo-paleaceous, hearing a few- short roots. Sti2)es scarcely an inch long, ahove slightly grooved, flexuose, very stout, hlack-pnrple. Frond three inches long, ohlong in circumscrii)tion, pinnules and segments crowded ; rachis like the stipes, stout, curved, and flexuose, purple." The ven,' crowded fertile pinnules, their hroader and shorter form, hut above all the texture, and the texture of the involucre formed of the incurved coriaceous pinnule, scarcely membranaceous, even at the edge, and its very sinuated and crenated margin will readily distinguish this Pellcea from any state of Crypto- gramme crispa. 26. P. cordata, J. Sm.; caudex short creeping stout densely clothed with ferruginous subulate scales, frond erect ovate- oblong bi- rarely below tripinnate, pinnules on short petioles cordato-ovate ol)tuse firm subcoriaceous distinctly veined glanduloso-pubescent, stipes pale-coloured (substramineous) stout sparsely and deciduously scaly and erect and as well as the rachises straight. — /. Sm. Cat. Knv Ferns, p. 4 {not Pel- Isea cordata, Fee, Gen. Fil. p. 128). Allosorus cordatus, PresI, Tent. Pterid. p. 153. Kunze in Linneea, xiii. jr>. 135. Hook. Bot. Mag. t. 4698. Platyloma cordatum, /. Sm. in Bat. Mag. Comp. Ixxii. p. 21. Pteris cordata, Cav. Pral. 1801, n. 662. Stv. Syn. Fil. p. 106. Willd. Sp. PL v. p. 392. H.B.K. Nov. Gen. Am. i. p. 15 {not Pteris cordata, Sieb. Fl. Mirt. n. 269.) Pellgea sagittata, Lhik, Fee. Allosorus sagittatus, Presl, Kze. Fil. p. 48. t. 24. Pteris sagittata, Cav.Prcel. 1801, n. 661. Siv. Syn. Fil. p. 106. Willd. Sj). PI. v. p. 392. H.B.K. Nov. Gen. Am. \. p. 14. Hah. Mexico {Jndrieux, n. 41, Dr. Conifer, n. 1688, Schaffner, n. 5), and Co- lumhia. Linden, n. 504, and Siippl. 304. — We are not the first (in Bot. Mag. under t. 4(J98,) to express doubts as to the P. sagittata being really distinct from the P. cordata, and an examination of numerous specimens has led to the conclusion that there is no real distinction between them. The younger the pinnules the more sagittate or almost hastate the form ; and even in the adult pinnules we find them vary from rotundato-cordiform to oblong-sagittate (with hlunt lobes). These pinnules are of a firm and coriaceous texture, the presence of glandular hairs is not constant, and the long, conspicuous, but scattered and patent, subu- late scales of the caudex are veiy peculiar. This latter is stout and firm, some- times a foot long, and, as well as all the rachises, of a rather bright reddish straw- colour, sometimes a])proaching to peach-colour. The Pteris cordata of Sieber's ' Flora Mixta,' n. 209, and PeUtea cordata of Fee, Gen. Fil. p. 130, which the latter author considered a Cape Fern is an Aus- tralian plant, and the Pellcea paradoxa, p. 135, of this volume. 27- V. flexuosa. Link; caudex long creeping moderately stout clothed with numerous subulate scales, frond (some- times) ample 2 and more feet long oblong in outline scan- dent divaricately bi-tripinnate, primary pinncc often deflexed, pinnules on short petioles generally remote cordato-ovate PELL^A. 149 obtuse varying extremely in size on different specimens gla- brous obscurely veined firm subcoriaceous, rachises singu- larly flexuose (zigzag), caudex stout firm straight or nearly so with scattered deciduous scales and as well as the rachises reddish or brownish straw-colour. — LiJik, Fil. Sp. p. GO. Fee, Gen. Fil. p. 129. J. Sm. Cat. Kew Ferm, p. 3. Allosorus flexuosus, Kaulf. hid. Fil. MS. fide Kunze in Linncea, xiii. p. 1.36. Kunze, in Schk. Fil. Suppl. p. 46. t. 23. Hook. Bot. Mag. t. 4762. Platyloma flexuosum, J. Sm. En. Fil. in Bot. Mag. 72, Co77jp. p. 2\. Pteris flexuosa, Kaulf. MS. in Lin- ncea, V. p. 614 {excl. the synonyms). Hook. Ic. Plant, ii. t. 119. Hab. Peru; Chacapoyas, McLean, Mathews. Quito, Dr. Jameson, re. 11. Co- lumbia, Merida, Moritz, n. 67. Venezuela, Tovar, Fendler, n. 89. Mexico, Lieb- ■mann. Talca, etc., Jurgensen, n. 688 ; Tacubaga, Sehaffner, n. 3 (fronds 2 feet long, pinnules very small, scarcely 3 lines long) ; Oaxaca, Galeotti, n. 6558. N. W. Mexico, Seeniann, n. 1940 (pinnules an inch long). Between Western Texas and El Paso, New Mexico, Chas. Wright, n. 825. — In the majority of spe- cimens of this handsome Fern, it is easy enough to separate them from the preceding, P. cordata ; and in a state of cultivation, as they appear in the tem- perate Fern-house at Kew, they maintain their respective characters ; but we do receive from our botanical travellers, mixed with the true P.fleanosa, specimens which, if they had been sent apart, we should be disposed to refer to P. cordata, accompanied by others which, being partially zigzag only at the summit of the frond, seem to indicate a passage from the one to the other. We have faithfully figured the two in the ' Botanical Magazine,' and every one must form his own judgment of the value of the characters. Among the Ferns such difficulties meet us at every step. The stipes and rachises are more or less downy or glabrous. As we have observed in the Bot. Mag. 1. c, the very pale almost straw-colour of the stipes and rachises are at variance with a part of Professor Link's generic character of Pellcea : " stipitibus fusco-badiis, nigrescentibus, lucidis." 28. P. andromedeefolia, Fee; caudex short thick densely clothed with long silky subulate flexuose chaffy scales, frond ovate (6 inches to a foot long) bi-tripinnate, pinnules sessile thick fleshy (almost black when dry) elliptical veined gla- brous rarely pubescent the margins revolute, stipes chaffy at the base erect stiff glabrous and as well as the straight or slightly flexuose rachises purplish straw-colour often with a deciduous whitish bloom. — Fee, Gen. Fil. p. 129. Allosorus andromedeefolius, Kaulf. in Kunze, Analect. Pteridogr. p. 18. t. 11. Syn. Fil. Peep, in Linnaa, ix. p. 56. Revis. Acetyl. Cap. in Linncea, x. p. 503. Pteris andromedeefolia, Kaulf'. Enum. Fil. p. 188. Crypteris divaricata, and C. pubescens, Nutt. MSS. in Herb. Hook. Hab. California, Dr. Coulter, n. 823 ; San Francisco, Chamisso, Dr. Sinclair. Monterey, Nuttall, TV. Lohb. Chilian Andes, Macrae, Cuming, n. 184, Bridges, n. 557. Kendo, S. Africa, Drege, in Herb. Nostr. — Kunze has well observed of this, " Species affinis AUosoro cordato ct A.Jiexuoso. Uterque vero differt foliolis VOL. II. X 150 PELL^A. cordatis, hie imprimis rachi scandente." It evidently belongs to the same na- tural group as they, but is smaller in all its parts ; the pinnules are sessile (ex- cept sometimes the terminal ones), almost invariably elliptical in form, not cor- date at the base, turning of a very dark colour, almost black, when dry. The stipes and rachises partake more of a purplish hue, and they have often a whitish bloom upon them. I have never seen specimens corresponding with this species from Mexico, Columbia, and Peru : it seems confined to the drier countries of California, Chili, and the Cape of Good Hope ! in the latter country, 1 apprehend, being very rare. Kunze's figure in the Analecta Pteridogr. is a good representa- tion of the species. 29. P. pulchella, Fee ; roots csRspitose, caudex none, plants densely tufted small scarcely a span high, fronds 3-4 inches long ovate-oblong bi-tripinnate, pinnules small glabrous sub- coriaceous cordato- or ovato-elliptical petiolulate glabrous very obtuse the margins reflexed, the petiolules sometimes rather long very slender, stipites scaly oidy at the very base and rachises everywhere ebeneous-black glabrous and glossy. — Fee, Gen. Fil. jJ. 129. AUosorus pulchellus. Mart, et Gal. Syn. Fil, Mex. p. 47. t. 10. y. 1. AUosorus formosus, Liebm. Fil. Mex. p. 68. Hab. High mountain regions of Mexico, elev. 7-8000 feet, gi-owing in tufts from the fissures of rocks south of Sola, Martens anil Galeotti. Oaxaca, Lieb- mann. Rocks near Ciudad Real, Chiapas, Linden, n. 1546. In Monte San Fe- lipe, Andrieiix, n. 42. Between Western Texas and El Paso, New Mexico, Mr. Chas. Wright, n. 824. Lofty Andes of Peru, Mr. M'Lean. — This again, in the nature and character of its pinnules, has considerable affinity with our last spe- cies, but in them only. They are smaller and more cordate at the base, and are borne on rather long petiolules. In some pinnules the sori are so exposed as to represent a Nothochlmia, in others the margin forms a very distinct involucre. The tufted fronds, glossy ebeneous stipites and rachises, are very peculiar. 1 possess no authentic specimens of this from the authors, but I cannot doubt that the specimens here adduced are identical with the AUosorus pulchellus of Martens and Galeotti. Liebmann changed the name of AUosorus pulchellus to AUosorus formosus, because there was an AUosorus pulchellus of Boiy, but that is now re- ferred to Cheilanthes. 30. P. densa, Hook. ; small, tufted, caudex short thick scarcely creeping, fronds deltoid rather firm glabrous palish green tripinnate, pinnules sessile or shortly petiolulate linear- oblong acute or even mucronate tapering at the base the margins a little waved, sori copious broad continuous almost to the apex, involucres intramarginal nearly meeting at the costa close-pressed membranaceous subcrenate at the edge, stipites glabrous glossy pale chestnut-colour, rachises and petioles herbaceous compressed. (Tab. CXXV. B.) — Ony- chium densum, Brackenridge, Fil. of U. S. Explor. Exp. p. 120. t. 13./. 2. Hab. N. W. America. Grass Valley, California, Dr. J. M. Uigelow. Oregon, PELL^A. 151 on the banks of Rogne's river, rare, W. D. Brackenridge. Collected also during Lieut. A. W. Whipjde's exploration for a railway route from the Mississippi River to the Pacific Ocean, near the 35th parallel of Latitude, 1853-4. — This elegant little Fern has at first sight, in its ramification and in the general form of the pinnules, such a resemblance to fertile fronds of Cryptogramme crispa, that my first hasty inspection led me to refer it without doul)t to that plant ; but a more accurate examination convinced me that I was in error in so doing. It has not the two kinds of fronds of that plant, and the involucre is of a totally different character, not simply formed of the reflexed margin of the pinnule, but there is an intramar- ginal thin membranaceous involucre of a distinct texture from the frond. I refer it with little hesitation to Pellcea, from all the species of which it is very distinct, as will be seen better from the figure than from any laboured description. I find a peculiarity on the upper side of the pinnules when highly magnified, as shown in one of our figures (Tab. CXXV. f. 2), namely, an appearance of white, close- pressed, parallel hairs lying in the direction of the margins, tapering at each end, like the hairs of some Malpighiaceous plant. A high magnifying power shows that these are not separable from the cuticle, but are rather lodged in it. Can they be looked upon as raphides .' Mr. Brackenridge's figure and description of this plant, which I only discovered since my Plate was prepared, are both very faithful, and that author justly remarks its close resemblance (at first sight of course) to Allosorus acrostichoides, which we consider the same as Cryptogramme crispa. The rigid habit and different nature of the involucres forbid its being correctly referred to Onychium. 31. P.? nudiusada ; "frondibus pinnatis utrinque pubes- centibus, pinnulis linearibus integris infimis subincisis, invo- lucris angustissimis," jBr. — Pteris nudiuscula, Br. Prodr. Nov. Holl. p. 155. Nothochlsena pilosa?, Hook, et Am. Bot. of Beech. Voy. p. 74. Hab. Tropical New Holland, Mr. Brown. — The solitary specimen I possess of this little-known Fern, from the herbarium of the late Capt. Carmichael, to whom it was given by Mr. Brown, has no distinct involucre, and has so many points in common with Dr. Ariiott's and my Nothochlcena pilosa (Bot. of Beech. Voy. p. 74), that I could have little hesitation in considering them to be one and the same species ; but Mr. Brown describes the involucres as " angustissima," and one at least of his own specimens justifies him in doing so. It is well known however to every student of Ferns what a close relationship there is between Nothochlcena and the Pteridece, and how diflficult it is to decide whether a more or less reflected margin is to be considered an involucre or not. Mr. Brown's plant has the sori arising from the veins apparently in short lines, and therefore would come into Allosorus, or Pellcea of more recent authors, and I think it right to retain it, for the present at least, among the Pteridea?., and we may hope that Dr. Mueller, now botanizing in tropical Australia, will send home perfect and copious speci- mens to enable us to decide the point in question. I may observe, with regard to the Nothochlcena pilosa, that, besides our origi- nal specimens from the Coral Islands, we have received the same from Mathews (n. 23), and Cuming {n. 1602) from the Society Islands, as well as from Macao, Rev. G. H. Vachell, and from Hongkong, Dr. Dill; so it has probably an exten- sive range. 32. P. decomposita ; a span to a foot long tufted, caudex thick short horizontal with copious fibres, fronds ovate or subdeltoid (4-8 inches) submembranaceous decompoundly pinnate, primary pinnee mostly opposite, their lowest inferior pinntc elongated and deflexed, pinnules linear-oblong broader and crenate or lobulate in the sterile plant (and confluent) narrower and more or less elongated and linear in the fertile, terminal pinnule elongated subcaudate, involucres occupying the entire length of all the pinnules meeting at the back (as in Or UP to gramme) downy fringed and waved at the margin, capsules large, stipites and main rachis black rigid, partial rachises winged. (Tab. CXIX. B.) — Allosorus decompositus. Mart, et Gal. FiL Mex. p. 48. t. 10./. 2. Allosorus angusti- folius, Pr.y according to Liebm. FiL Mex. p. 67, and Ch. an- gustifolia, H.B.K. Nov. Gen. Am. u p.2l, which Kunze quotes under his Onychium angustifolium {see p. 123 of this volume). Hab. Mexico, Pacific side, Beechey ; Western Cordillera of Oaxaca, elev. 4500- 6500 feet, Martens and Galeotti, " n. G3G2," Liehmann; Sierra San Pedro, No- lasco, etc., Jurgensen; Sierra Madre, N. W. Mexico, Seemann, Dr. Coulter, n. 1687. Tovar of Venezuela, Fencller, Plant. Venez. Fit. n. 90. Guatemala, Skin- ner.— This plant has but slight affinity with Cheilanthes cuneata* (p. 107), Link, and Kze. Fil. Suppl. t. 36, much more with Cheilanthes marginata,-\ H.B.K. (p. 105) ; but it is very distinct in the generally larger size, narrower and longer pinnules, the caudate terminal one, and especially the continuous uniform invo- lucres. Some of the lesser fertile pinnules have a near resemblance to those of Cryptogramme crispa, Br., but the ramification is more regularly pinnate, and the barren fronds scarcely differ from the fertile fronds, except in the greater breadth of the divisions and in being less compoundly pinnated. Martens and Galeotti's figure fairly represents the plant of the natural size, but the fertile pinnules are very incoiTect, especially the involucres. Our figure represents the finest of our specimens, for they vary much in size. 33. P. hirsuta, Hook.; subspithameous, caudex creeping thick clothed with dense subulate scales, frond rigid deltoid closely tripinnate below 4-pinnate, primary divisions opposite * By an unaccountable error at our p. 108, Allosorus pulchellus, Mart, et Gal., is referred to this species : tliat synonym should be erased. f We have said, under the list of " dubious species," that Cheilanthes crenu- lata. Link (a Mexican species), is referred by Martens and Galeotti to Allosorus ciliatus, Pr., which is the same as our Cheilanthes marginata, II.B.K., p. 105. Mettenius however retains it as a good species in his recent important work, ' Filices Hort. Bot. Lips.,' with the following character : — " Rhizoma repcns ; petiolus 2-3" longus, ebeneo-fuscus denique glaberrimus ; lamina 6-8" longa, coriacea, glabra, tripinnatisecta; segmenta primaria oblique ovata; secundaria deorsum aucta, una cum tertiariis ala angusta viridi confluentia ; tertiaria sub- petiolata, linearia, obtusa, infima tripartita, superiora indivisa ; omnia leviter cre- nata. Nervi simplices, apice incrassato, sinuni crenarum attingentes et soriferi ; sori distinct! ; margo indusiiformis continuus, membranaceus, rigidiusculus, trans- verse plicatus, supra soros in crenas expansus ; margines utriusque lateris ad cos- tam connivcntcs." — He quotes as synonyms Allosorus ccespilosus, Pr., and Kze. in Linnaa, xxiii. p. 218, Cheilanthes crenulata, Link. 1 have seen no authentic spe- cimen of this plant. It is placed by Mettenius next to C. marginata. PELLiEA. 153 and secondary ones generally so, pinnules linear-oblong ob- tuse often pinnatifid shaggy beneath with minute glossy crisped ferruginous scales, involucres copious formed of the reflexed margins of the pinnules continuous rather rigid cre- nato-lobate, rachises compressed and channelled castaneous glossy margined with ferruginous scales, stipes much longer than the frond stout strongly grooved terete slightly scaly near the base. — Allosorus hirsutus, Presl, Relirj. Hank. i.p. 59. 1. 10. /. 1 {not Pteris hirsuta, Sw.). Kunze in Linneea, ix. p. 56. Cheilanthes Chilensis, Fee, Gen. Fil. p. 156. Gay, Fl. Chil. \i.p. 194. Hab. Andes of Chili, Hanke ; at La Guardia and at Antuco, in South Chili, Poeppiff, C. Gay, Thos. Lobb, Cuming, n. 199 and 253 (fronds narrower and less branched). Near Valparaiso, " in marshes," Bridr/es. — A very distinct and well- marked species ; yet, though an old and well-known plant, the descriptions and figure are entirely overlooked both by Fee and M. Gay, and they have made of it a new species of Cheilanthes. The perfect fronds are quite triangular, densely 3-4-pinnatc, about 3-4 inches long, beneath of a rich brown, from the deep colour of the rachises, and the dark ferruginous crisped scales, which give a shaggy appearance to the under side of the pinnules, and to the margins of the rachises. Presl's figure well represents the upper side of the plant of the natural size, but it is destitute of any analysis of fructification. He seems to be the only author, except Kunze, to whom this plant is known, yet it is found by every botanist who has sent collections from Chili. Dubious Species of Pellsea. Allosorus involutus, Pr., from the Cape, Thunberg. — Pteris involuta, Sw. Syn. Fil. pp. 104 and 300. Kunze, in Linneea, X. p. 526, says, "A Thunbergio in Prodromo et Fl. Capensi omissa, mihique plane ignota.'' Allosorus Domingensis, Pr., seems to be only known as Pteris Domingensis of Spreng, Herb. Allosorus aurantiacus, Pr. ; " fronds pinnate somewhat hairy above, beneath clothed with a golden farina, pinnae opposite deeply pinnatifid, segments ovato-oblong obtuse crenate ciliate," Willd. — Pteris aurantiaca, Cav. Prcel. 1801, n. 659. Willd. Sp. PL v. p. 382.— New Spain, near Chalma, Cav. Allosorus sulphureus, Pr. ; " fronds trifoliate, lateral leaf- lets auriculate at the base (' foliis lateralibus folio breviore ad basin auctis'), intermediate leaflet petiolate all pinnated clothed with sulphur- coloured powder beneath/' Cav. Prml. 1801, n. 667. Willd. Sp. PI. v. p. 562.— New Spain, near Chimapan, Cav. 154 PTERIS. AUosorus farinosus, Kze. in Schk. Fil. Snpp/. ii.p. 5. t. 103, is Gymnogramme ornithopteris, Klotzsch in Linn. xx. p. 413. 10. Pteris, Linn., Sw., and Willd. (for the most part). (Hook. Gen. Fil. tab. LXIV. A.) Heterophlel)ium, Fee. Campteria, Pi'esl (Hook. Gen. Fil. tab. LXV. A). Lito- brochia, Pr. (Hook. Gen. Fil. tab. LXV. B. f. 6). Dory- opteris, /. Sm. Amphiblestra, Pr. (Hook. Gen. Fil. tab. CXX. C.) Sori marginal, linear, continuous, occupying a slender fili- form receptacle in the axis of the involucre. Involucre mar- ginal, generally narrow, continuous, formed of the dilated, more or less changed and usually membranaceous margin of the frond, at first revolute, at length often spreading in age, so as to expose the line of fructification. — Ferns tropical or subtropical and of temperate regions. Root sometimes composed of densely tufted fibres from the sivollen base of the united stipites, with no perceptible caudex ; at other times there is a distinct caudex more or less elongated, creeping and scaly. Fronds rarely simple and small, more or less lobed or palmate, generally compound and often of a very large size (1 to 5-6 and more feet), mostly of a tender and submembranaceous tex- ture and of a bright green, sometimes coriaceous and very opaque. Veins generally very distinct, simple, sometimes fla- bellate, or pinnate, with the veinlets simple or more or less anastomosing .- this tendency to become reticulated is sometimes confined to the margins of the pinnules (Heterophlebium, Foe), or the union of the veins takes place more or less near to the costa, where they form a series of large areoles (Campteria, Pr.), or the entire frond is reticulated with areoles various in size and form (Litobrochia, Pr., and Doryopteris, J. Sm.), or lastly the areoles are appendiculate (furnished with one or more free veinlets), clavate at their apices (Amphiblestra, Pr.). Stipes more or less elongated, and together with the rachis frequently brown or stramineous, while those that have small coriaceous and opaque fronds (Doryopteris, /. Sm.) and the habit of Pellsea, are generally ebeneous, the bases often hairy or scaly. It will be seen from the characters and the references above given, that I have taken the bold step, and what many will consider a retrograde movement in botany, in restoring almost entire the original Pteris of Linnjeus and Swartz and PTERIS. 155 Willdenow. Pellcea (or AUosnrm) is tlic only group excluded, and I am far from being convinced that that is a correct measure, and that it should not form rather a section or subgenus of Pteris, with which many of its species are so closely allied by nature and the general essential characters. It may be worth while to examine a little into the supposed advantages or dis- advantages to be derived from the changes that have taken place in the genus Pteris, since the days of Willdenow. Bernhardi was the first (in 1806) to propose the separation of Allosorus from Pteris ; and if by his saying it was intended to include (besides Cheilanthes fra- grans and Pteris crispa) " all the Adianta spuria " of Swartz, he meant Swartz's second group or section of Pteris, " Adiantoidea;," which comprises all Swartz's species of the genus Pteris, which had the " stipes fuscus Adianti," irrespective of any other character. Gaudichaud's characters for dividing Pteris into sec- tions, given in Freycinet's Voyage, are too vague to merit much attention, and no one seems to have followed up Bernhardi's views till Mr. Brown's valuable dis- quisitions on the " Modifications of vascular structure, or the various ramifications of the bundles of vessels or veins of the frond, combined with the relation of the sori to their trunks or branches, as the most advantageous source of character for subdivision, not in Polypodium only, but in other extensive genera of Ferns,"* appeared first in the ' Prodromus Fl. Nov. HoUandia;' (1810), then in Dr. Wal- lich's ' Plantae Asiaticae Ilariores' (1830), and the subject was more fully discussed, at a later period, in the ' Flora Javae ' (1838). These induced Dr. and Professor Presl, in his ' Tentamen Pteridographiae, sen Genera Filicacearum prssertim juxta venarum decursum et distributioneni exposita,' 18, to give a degree of importance in the formation of genera far beyond the views of the illustrious author just mentioned, and to separate from the genus Pteris of the older authors, besides Allosorus (which he makes to include several species), Cheilanthes, Onychium, Pteris aquilina, and its allies, IIaplopteris,f (Pteris scolopendrina, Bory), Mono- gonia (since abolished), characterized by the lowest opposite veins uniting in an acute angle at the apex, Campteria, Litobrochia, and Amphiblestera (already no- ticed). This work is rendered the more valuable from the number of figures illustrative of his views, in general faithfully, if not artistically, executed. This multiplication of the genera of Ferns, upon what we conceive to be slight grounds, is carried out to a still greater extent in the same author's ' Epimelia; Botanicae,' 1849; but no change is there attempted among the P/eriV/ece. The excellent Agardh (Recens. Sp. Pteridis, 1839) excludes the Allosori of Bernliardi and Presl, but otherwise preserves the Linna^an genus Pteris, and makes an excellent use of the venation, as of great importance for characters of the subdivisions. Link (in 1841) took a more correct view oi Allosoi'us, by confining it to the Pteris (Cryptogramme, Dr.) crispa, in which he has been followed by many others. He constituted the genus Pellcea, referring to it a tolerably natural group of old Allosorus, in which, as explained at p. 131, we liave followed him. lie * Brown, under the description of Polypodium (Dipteris) Horsfieldii, in ' Flora Javae,' p. 3. t Fee places Presl's Haplopteris amongst the " Incerta Genera." Moore (In- dex Filicum, p. xli.) places it next to Pteris, and on the authority of original spe- cimens in Herb. Reward, describes the indusium as truly pteroid. I have every reason to believe that the Fern on which 1 founded my genus Tteniopfcris (Gen. Fil. t. LXXVI. B), T. Forbesii, from the Mozambique coast, a Vittaroid Fern, is identical with it; and there the sori are so sunk, and the edges or margins so dilated, that they may easily be taken for a douljle involucre ; in some cases even the sorus in age conceals the inner of these two supposed involucres, and then the outer one resembles that of a Pteris ; hence Presl's Haplopteris, a name, if the genus were a valid one, is to be preferred to Tceniopteris or to Tceniopsis of J. Sm., which is identical with it, and of earlier date. 156 PTERIS. considers the essential character to depend upon the " indusium e margine frondis reflexo in limbum meinbranaceum trauseunte," to distinguish it from " Pferis, — indusium margini frondis adnatum, ab ipso distinctum, limbo membranaceo." He has thus preserved Pferis nearly in the same state as Professor Agardh, and apparently coming to the same conclusion, quite independent of any knowledge of each other's views. Mr. J. Smith's "Arrangement and Definition of the Ferns," though read before the Linna^an Society in 1840, was not published till 1842 (in Hook. Journ. of Botany, vol. iv.). This author's views, as he tells us, so nearly coincided with those of Presl, that he thinks it necessary to explain that he never saw Presl's 'Tentamen' till 1838. Here Allosorus (Bernhardi, /. Sm.') is placed among the Nudisori, and reduced to A. crispus and its supposed alUes, " J. gracilis, A. cilialus, Pr., and A. hirsutus, Pr.," while the majority are united with Cassebeera, Kaulf., and the rest constitute the genus Platyzoma, J. Sm., with the exception of Cerafodacti/lis, J. Sm. {Allosorus, Kze.), and which I have clearly ascertained to be Llavea of Lagasca. Amphiblestra is retained, and Litobrochia, with which Campteria is united, and Doryopteris is formed, at the expense of Litobrochia, of Pleris pahnata and its allies : but we scarcely see on what ground, since the Cassebeera pedata and its affinities, which hold the same relation to that genus that P. palmata does to Litobrochia, remain there. Pteris is confined to the free-veined species, and stands exactly as in Presl.* The only remaining author worthy of notice, who has written on the Filices on a comprehensive scale, and whose works generally on the Ferns are full of the most valuable information, M. Fee, has, in his ' Genera Filicum ' (his ' Cinquierae Mcinoire sur la famille des Fougeres ') in the main followed Presl's views. He establishes the genus Heterophlebium (already noticed) ior the Pteris grandi flora, L., and other authors. His Pteris however includes the ^jMz7m«-group, which Presl refers to Allosortcs : and he adopts Pellcea of Link, for the species of Allo- sorus, as we have ourselves done. Doryopteris is made to include the Pteris articulata of Kaulfuss, which, though agreeing in venation, and perhaps texture of frond, is at variance with the character of the genus : " Les frondes out une forme pediaire on hastee, qui donne a ses plantes un port curieux ;" whereas P. articulata has quite the habit of Pellcea, especially of Pellma hastata. Having thus enlarged upon the changes the genera have undergone, according to the views of some of the more recent writers on Ferns, in the old genus Pteris, it may be as well here, and to avoid needless repetition, to express our opinion that as new light is continually being thrown upon this family of plants, it is premature to sanction the great multiphcation of genera by lajing stress on the nature of the venation when unaccompanied by any corresponding changes in fructification or any marked differences in habit, and more philosophical to con- sider such groups in the light of sections or subgenera. The importance of the vascular structure is acknowledged; an arrangement, to say the least, equally natural, is preserved, and some degree of stabihty is given to names invented and sanctioned by the most illustrious botanists that ever lived.f * In his very recent ' Catalogue of Ferns in the Royal Gardens of Kew ' (1856), Mr. J. Smith adopts Cryptogramme, Br., removes it from the Nudisori (or Poly- podiece), and transfers it to Pterideee, and he adopts Pellaa of Link for the majority of species of Platyloma, and Campteria is in part only separated from Litobrochia. t In the first number of a little work just put into my hands, while preparing this sheet, entitled ' Index Filicum,' by Mr. Thomas Moore, it is shown (though I do not vouch for the accuracy) that the genus Pteris alone, and not the Pteris of Linnaeus, but of more recent writers, Agardh, Fee, etc., is described under no less than eighteen different generic names, Clieilanthes under fourteen, and As- plenium under nineteen ! 157 § EuPTEnis. — Veins free, not anastomosing. * Fronds pinnated ; pinna all undivided. 1. Pt. (Eupteris) longifoha, L. ; large (1-2 feet), caudex short stout knotty, frond lanceolate attenuated below pin- nate, pinnules numerous approximate linear-lanceolate elon- gated gradually acuminated, terminal one sometimes the lar- gest and petiolatc, the base truncate or cordate auriculate and even hastate, lower pinnules gradually shorter, stipes more or less chaffy. — Linn. S]j. PL p. 1531. Jacq. Hort. Schcenbr. t. 399-400. Schkuhr, Fil. t. 88. Aff. Sp. Pterid. p. 3. Pt. costata, Bory in Belang. Voy. Willd. Blume. Hook, et Am. Bot. of Beech. Voy. and others, p. 250. ^.251. Pt. vittata, L. Willd. Sp. PL V. p. 368. Osb. It. t. 4. Sw. Pt. obliqua, Forsk. Pt. lanceolata, Desf. Pt. ensifolia, Stv. Willd. Pt. Alpinii, Desv. Pt. semihirta, Lk. Pt. acuminatissima, BL En. FiL Jew. p. 208. Pt. amplectens, WaU. Cat. {et in Herb. Nostr.). Aff. Sp. Pterid. p. 1. Pt. diversifolia, Sw. Syn. FiL p. 96 et 288. Ag. Sp. Pterid. p. 6. Pt. trapezoides, Burnt. Ind. t. &^. f. 2. Pt. microdonta. Gaud. Voy. p. 387. Pt. tenuifolia, Brackenridge in Bot. of U. St. Explor. Exped. p. 112. Mr. Webb adds to these synonyms Pteris Indica, Poir., Pt. insequilateralis, Poir., and Pt. Guichenotiana, Gaudich. and Decaisne, Hab. Timor : to which \ve will also venture to add Pt. eequalis, Presl, Reliq. Hank. \.p. 54, Pt. Bahamensis, Fee, Gen. p. 125. Plum. FiL t. 69. — /8. sagittata, pinnules auriculato-sagittate at the base (monstrosity). Pt. stipularis, L. Sw. Willd. — 7. pinnules very narrow linear rigid. Ilab. " Sparsa est haec Filix per totius terrae orbis regiones temperatas atque sequinoctiales, et 37 gradum in Europa attingit," as Mr. Webb justly observes in his ' Flora of the Canaries,' and as my Herbarium alone would abundantly testify. Most authors give the East and West Indies, Arabia, Mauritius, Bourbon,' Algeria, and Spain. I may add as follows, from my Herbarium : in Europe, Canaries, TJ'el/b and others; Malaga, and about Yunguera in Spain, Boissier and Neuter, and other places in Spain, Bonrgeau, n. 1545 ; Castania, near Messina and Ischia, Dalmatia, Dr. Alexander. Abyssinia, W. Schimper, n. 279. Mascato, Aucher- tlloy, n. 5489. In the New World, Jamaica, Cuba, Bahamas, St. Domingo, etc., apparently almost confined to the W. Indian islands ; very rare on the continent of America ; Mexico, Presl (and see under var. 7.). Africa, St. Antonio and St. Vincent, Vogel; Isle San Nicol, Cape de Verds, Forbes ; Madagascar, Boivin and Forbes. Macalisberg, interior of S. Eastern Africa, Burke. On the continent of India almost universal, Nynee Tal in the north-west, T. Thomson, we.st and east to the Irawaddy, JVallicli ; Ceylon, China, from various travellers; Loo-choo, Beecfiey. Frequent in the Malay Archipelago, Jf'allich, (Borneo) Motley; Ma- lacca, Griffith; Singapore, Lobb ; Pcnang, Lady Dalhousie ; Java, Blume; Am- hoyna (Herb. Webb.); Luzon, Cuming. Feejce Islands, jV<7>je. Pacific islands: Tongataboo, Brackenridge ; New Hebrides, Aneiteum, and Isle of Pines, Mac- VOL. II. Y 158 PTBRIS. gillivray, Milne, Barclay. S. Australia; Rivers Mitchell and Buchan, Dr. F. Mueller. — Var. j8. Isle of Bravie, Senegambia, Dr. Brunner. — y. Venezuela, Mo- ritz, 11. 15, Fendler, n. 105, Birschill. To avoid giving what might be considered too long a catalogue of varieties for this widely diffused and readily distinguished plant, I have thought it l)etter to include in the specific character the comparatively trifling differences in the forms of the pinna;, rather than to group them imder the six several heads (only depend- ■ ing on the more or less dilated form of the base of the pinnae) as the excellent Agardh has done in his ' Rccensio Specierum Generis Pteridis.' It is indeed quite true that many of those forms are considered by authors as distinct species, but more frequently they are so esteemed from a false notion that, however a plant of the New World may resemble another of the Old World, their widely separated localities forbid their being considered specifically the same. To the general dis- tribution however of this plant in warm or tropical countries we have this remark- able exception, viz., though our earliest knowledge of the species is derived from the West Indian islands, St. Domingo, Jamaica, I have no knowledge of its being fo\ind upon the vast continent of America, either north or south, except in Mexico {Presl), and in Venezuela, Moritz and Fendler. The specimens from the latter country, and from different localities, are remarkable for their stiff, rigid habit, and very narrow pinnae. The most remarkable form of the plant is what we have here called var. ^. sagittata. The only specimen we have seen is from Dr. Brun- ner, gathered in Senegambia; and it is so abnormal a form that it may almost be looked upon as a monstrosity or disease: but a variety of the same nature has been figured by Plumier in his ' Fougeres de I'Americiue ' (by which country the French West Indian islands are implied), tab. 70, a figure which, hke almost all the figures of that author, is greatly exaggerated. An authentic specimen of Pt. oequalis, from Presl himself, proves that to be a common form of our plant. We have plants before us, which vary in height from 4-5 inches to 4^- feet, as grown on some rockwork in a greenhouse. 2. Pt. (Eupteris) Moluccana, Bl. ; frond glabrous ample pinnate tall broad-oblong (not attenuated at the base), pinnae elongated broad-linear subfalcate obliquely cuneato-attenuate at the base nearly sessile firm-membranaceous satiny narrow caudato-acuminate and spinuloso-serrate at the apex very finely transversely striated with the close-placed but (on both sides) conspicuous simple or forked veins, involucres narrow continuous, rachis subtetragonous furrowed at the sides purple-brown glossy. (Tab. CXII. B.) — Pteris Moluccana, Blume, Enum. Fih Jav. p. 208. A(/. Sp. Pterid. p. 7. Pt. In- dica. Gaud. Voy. p. 386, non Poir. {fide Agardh). Decaisne, Herb. Timor, p. 20. Hab. Java, Blume. Island of Pisang, Gaudichaud. Amboyna {Herb. Nostr. from Labillardiere's fieri/.), Isle of Jobie, north of New Guinea, Barclay. — Ap- parently a rare species, wholly confined to the Malay Islands, but a very beautiful one, from the great length and glossy bright green (quite satiny), and close, mi- nute, yet prominent parallel venation. Its nearest affinity is with Pteris (§ Ilete- rophlebium) yrandi/olium, but the venation will at once distinguish it. 3. Pt. (Eupteris) opaca^ J. Sm. ; frond glabrous ample tall broad-oblong (not narrowed at the base) pinnate, pinnae PTEBIS. 159 elongated broad-linear subfalcate obliquely attenuate at the base nearly sessile firm subcoriaceous very opaque with a short but finely acuminated entire point, uppermost ones decurrent, sterile ones margined beneath with the slightly indexed edge, veins quite obsolete above, beneath forming very close indistinct transverse strise, involucres very narrow continuous, stipes and rachis (subterete furrowed on one side) and midrib beneath pale-brown and very glossy. (Tab. CXIV. A.) — Pteris opaca, /. Smith, En. FiL Philipp. in Hook. Journ. of Bot. iii. j^- 403 [name only). Pycnodoria opaca, Presl, Epimel. Bot. p. 100. Hab. Isle of Samar, in the Philippines, Cuming, n. 342. — It is not the limited number of words that constituted the Linnsean law for framing a specific charac- ter, that will suffice to distinguish this from the preceding {Pt. Moluccana), and yet they are truly different. The present is to be recognized by the usually smaller pinnae, their opaque texture and very indistinct nervation, quite obsolete on the upper side, beneath not to be perceived without the use of a lens, and then only exhibiting very closely placed indistinct stria;. One of our specimens has forty- five pinnae, another has five, one only three ; in the latter cases the terminal pinna is much elongated, and is, in one case, a foot and a half long ! We are unable to conceive why M. Presl has formed a new genus of this, Pyc- nodoria {ttvkvos, crassiis, and Sopa, cutis). No doubt it has a thick and opaque frond in comparison with its close ally, Pt. Moluccana, but he attributes to it the involucre or indusium of LindscsacecB : "A Pteride, quacum J. Smith commiscuit, differt indusio proprio Lindsaiaceo." On the closest inspection of the involucre, it is as represented in our figure, and we agree with M. Fee, who observes, re- specting Pycnodoria, " Nous ne voyons pas en quoi elle differe des autres Pteris. Le port est le meme ainsi que Torgauisation," etc. ** Fronds pinnated, loiver pinnce more or less divided; pinnules distinct some- times confluent. — The species of the previous subsection have the fronds simply pinnated ; those of the present have the lower pinna; generally again pinnated, indicating a passage to the truly bi-tripinnated kinds. 4. Pt. (Eupteris) Cretica, L. ; a foot and a half (more or less) high, caudex short thick subrepent, frond often a foot long broad-ovate more or less acuminate firm coriaceo-mem- branaceous bright-green glossy, pinnae 3 to 13 or 14 on each side rather remote a finger's length to a span long, sterile ones lanceolate, fertile ones linear-lanceolate acuminate some- times very much so sessile or the upper ones more or less decurrent, lowest pair and frequently 2 or 3 or more pairs above them bi-tri- (or more) partite or pinnated, the seg- ments mostly on the lower half, sterile portions strongly spi- nuloso-serrated (rarely obtusely serrate or subentire), veins simple or forked close almost horizontal, involucres quite marginal narrow, stipes generally longer than the frond, and the rachises stramineous or pale-brown smooth or minutely 160 PTEBI8. rough upon the surface. — Linn. Mant.p. 130. Sw. Syn. Fil. p. 96. JVilld. Sp. PL V. p. 374. Ag. Sp. Pterid. p. 9. Pteris semiserrata, Forsk. Pt. Iteta, Wall. Cat. n. 95. Pt. hetero- phyllus, Poir. Schkuhr, Fil. t. 90. Pt. serraria, Siv. Syn. Fii. p. dQ. t. 289. Willd. etc. Pt. pentaphylla, Willd. Pt. nervosa, Thunh. Fl. Jap. p. 332. Wall. Cat. n. 96. Pt. vit- tata, Bory in Belang. Voy. Pt. multiaurita, Ag. Pterid. p. 12. [taller form, and ivith more numerous pinna). Pt. triphylla, Mart, et Gal. p. 51. ^. 31 [not Ag.). Var. stenophylla ; fronds digitate or subpinnate at the apex of the stipes, pinnae 3-5 entire or nearly entire. — Pt. steno- phylla, Hook, et Grev. Ic. Fil. t. 130. Ag. Sp. Pterid. p. 11. Pt. digitata. Wall. Cat. n. 91. Pt. angusta. Wall, in Herb. Hook. Pt. tceniosa, /. Sm. in Hook. Journ. of Bot. iii. p. 405 . [name only). Hab. Perhaps the most northern localities recorded for this Fern are given by Ledebour, in ' Fl. Rossica;' Turcomania, in Uralian Siberia, at the river Baker in the Caucasian provinces ; South of Switzerland, Nice, and various countries bor- dering on the Mediterranean, Corsica, Crete, etc. etc. Arabia, Forskal; Abys- sinia, Schimper, n. 1312. S. Africa, east of the Cape, Uitenhage, Zeyher, Dreye, Harvey ; Macalisberg, Sanderson. Persia; Gurril, Dr. Fischer. India, in va- rious locaUties, and generally exactly the European form ; Nilghiri, Maclvor, Dr. Schmidt; Calcutta to Nepal, Wallich; Simla, Col. Bates ; Mussoorie, Dr. T. Thomson, Jacquemont ; Punjaub, Jacquemont ; Boutau, Booth (fertile pinnae an inch broad) ; Sikkim-Himalaya, 6000 feet, Ratery Valley, and Khasia, Hooker and Thomson; Kumaon, 3000 feet, Strachey and Winterbottom ; Eastern Nepal (small state of the plant, with generally few and subdigitate pinnje, approaching our Pt. Tamburii, but the pinnules are spinuloso-serrate), Wallich. Isle Bourbon {Herb. Mas. Paris.), Dr. Wallich; Penang (stipes rough), Zflrfy Dalhousie (upper pinnae decurrent) ; Java, Blitme; Luzon, Cumijig, w. 45 ; Ceylon, Mrs. General Walker (pinnae numerous, lowest pair petiolate and pinnate, stipes rough), Gardner; Sandwich Islands, Douglas. Feejee Islands, Milne. Loo-choo, Beechey. N. America, rocks on the Apalacha river (ternate quinate and pinnate, upper pinnae sometimes decurrent). Mexico, Liebmann, Galeotti, n. 6377, Linden, n. 1545 (upper pinnaj very decurrent). Dr. Coulter ; Guatemala, Mr. Skinner (upper pin- nules decurrent). S. America, Entre Rios, Tweedie. Var. stenophylla, N. India, Nepal, Kumaon, Wallich, Strachey and Winter- bottom; Ghalti and near Salokor, Edgeworth ; Khasia, Griffith (small). Philip- pine Islands, Cuming, n. 283 (taller and ai)proaching the ordinary form of the species, but pinnae narrower). — Under this species synonyms might be multiplied and further localities added, but enough has been given to show that the species is widely dispersed, and hence it is that, as I have often had occasion to observe, new species have been made under an impression that an American or Indian species must be distinct from a European one. Considering how widely it is dispersed, it is remarkable to find it assume so few very distinct forms. Our only fear is that we ought to have united some of the following species with it. 5. Pt. (Eupteris) dactylina, Hook.; 4 inches to a foot high, caudex creeping sending out wiry fibres, fronds subco- riaceo-mcmbranaceous rather rigid 2-6 inches long digitate, PTBRI8. 161 pinnae 3-5 subradiate linear sessile slightly tapering below much and narrowly acuminated the sterile portions coarsely and deeply spinuloso-serrate especially towards the apex, involucres rather broad subintramarginal membranaceous close-pressed, veins simple, stipites numerous tufted very slender and as well as the midribs of the pinnae (very pro- minent beneath) stramineous. (Tab. CXXX. A.) Hal). Dry sheltered rocks, Eastern Nepal, and Sikkim-Himalaya, elev. about 9000 feet, Drs. Hooker and Thomson. — Different as this may appear at first sight from the ordinary and many of the extraordinary forms of Pteris Cretica, it is nevertheless of the same group with that species, and very nearly allied to it, and could I see any variation, any passage, from what I have described as the normal form, towards Pt. Cretica, I would not have ventured to place it in the rank of a species ; but all Dr. Hooker's specimens have the remarkably graceful slender cha- racter represented in our figure ; the pinnae spring from the apex of the slender pale-coloured stipes ; the number of pinnae is usually five, sometimes four or three. When three, the pinnae are alike, and rise from one common point ; when four, each is geminate or united at the base into two pairs ; when five, the central one is simple, and the lateral pairs are geminate : and it is this character of the lower pair of pinnaj being compound or partite which shows the affinity with Pt. Cretica, to which may be added another common to the two species : the very coarse and deep serratures, each serrature terminated with a spine or bristle. The caudex is generally rather short, but horizontal and creeping, bearing very numerous sti- pites from the upper side, and numerous descending, slender, but wiry roots below. A slight variety may be noticed with the serratures of the pinna; muti- cous. 6. Pt. (Eupteris) joe//Mdetiolate ; segments muticous). Esmeraldas, Seemann, n. 98. — Var. Cumingiana ; Panama, Cuming, n. 1182. Venezuela, Linden, n. 99. Trinidad, Lockhart. St. Vincent, Lockhart. Galapagos, Capt. Wood, II. N. Mexico, Galeotti, Liebrnann, Linden, n. i. — " Stipes stramineous, smooth, trisulcate, several feet high, as thick as a goose-quill. Many of tlie lower pairs of pinna; pinnulate, the lowest larger than the rest, a foot and a half long, on petioles 1-2 inches long, so that the frond is somewhat ternate. Superior pinnse 7-10 inches long. Veins a little prominent." Of the var. Cumingiana Agardh observes, " Species vix diversa, licet liabitu non parum insignis et magis ad Pt. podophyllam abiens, sed laciniis mu- cronatis necnou tola ramificatione ab hac aliena." Of this Pt. propinqua I may observe, it will be difficult to distinguish it from some states of Pt. aculeata, Sw. ; and the var. Cumingiana, with its more rigid fronds, shorter, more falcate, and often more mucronate segments, is, I fear, identical witli Pt. apicalis of Liebmann. The pale-green membranaceous state sent by Purdie from Jamaica, besides its larger pinnules, which are more sessile, and more truncated at the base, wants the mucro to the segments, but these dis- tinctions may be due to the plant growing under the shade of trees, and in very moist situations. It is probably wrongly referred here. 106. Pt. (Litobrochia) hemipteris, Fee ; " fronds pitmato- pinnatifid very glabrous, frondules petiolate acuminate nearly opposite, segments slightly falcate toothed nmcronated, of the two basal ones the superior one is much the largest." — Litobrochia hemipteris. Fee, Fil. Sme Mem. p. 7G. Hab. Mexico, very rare, Schaffner. — " Analogous to Litobrochia Orizaba;, Fee." " II faudrait le revoir sur d'autres specimens." 107. Pt. (Litobrochia) setifcra, Fee; "fronds pinnate, rachis reddish trisulcate above {duos fusciculos vasorum lit- terain v> eversam simulant es ferente), pinnee pinnatitid gla- brous remote lanceolate, terminal segment long-acuminate, segments lanceolate falcate terminated by a very long and slender seta separated by a broad rounded sinus, sjjorothecia not extending to the serrated ape.x, indusium rather broad firm, sjjorangia ovoid mixed with chain-like amber -coloured hairs, annulus narrow 18-20-articulated, spores trigonous smooth." — Litobrochia setifera, Fee, Gen. Fil. p. 1.38. Ilab. Mexico, about the crater of the volcanic mountain St. Martin, Galeotti, n. 6.^71. — " Filix glabra, distinctissima."— The affinity of this, judging from Ca- leotli's specimens in Herb. Nostr., is certainly with our Pt. propinqua, \^x. Cu- mingiana (Pt. apicalis, Liebm.); but the segments are much narrower, gradually tapering from the base, and terminating in a long seta. 108. Pt. (Litobrochia) aculeata, Sw. ; "fronds below bi- pinnate lowest pinnae auriculate, pinnvdes subpetiolulate lan- ceolate pinnato-partite, segments lanceolate falcate serrated, basal veins biarcuate, tertiary areoles marginal." — Siv. Prodr. p. 129. Ft. Ind. Occ. p. 1001. Syn. Fil. p. 100 {e^x-l. the I'TERIS. 225 srjn. of Plum.). Willd. Sp. PL v. p. 398. Ag. Sp. Gen. Ptcrid. p. GS. Pt. sterilis, Pr. Del. Pray. p. 1 84 ? Polypo- diuni si)inosum, Linn. Sp. Pl.p. 1554 [Ay.). Pt. Beecheyana, Ay. Sp. Gen. Ptcrid. p. GS. Pt. uenioralis, Hook, et Am. But. of Beech. Voy. p. 75. Pt. Protea, Liebm. Fil. Mex. p. 7G [fid. speciin. in Herb. Nostr.). llab. West Indian Islands: St. Vincent, most abundant, but the stipes even at the base exhibit no appearance of aculei, L. Guilding, in Herb. Nostr. (these being authority for Agardli's i)lant, Sp. Gen. Pterid. 1. c, verified by comparison with Swartz's plant, I must consider it the type of the species, and any pecuUar varia- tion I shall here notice under the respective localities) ; Cuba, C. H'right, n. 873. Urazil, Sellow {e.v Herb. Reg. Berol. ; mi Pt. elata, Ag. ?). Venezuela, Fendler, n. 97 (small, more rigid, stipes quite smooth to the base). New Grenada, Ocafia, Sc/ilim, n. 77, 5000 feet elev. (terminal pinns only with very long, remote segments, 3-4 inches long). Columbia, Salango, lat. 1° 34', Hinds (pinnr date. It is true that Kaulfuss himself, in his Enumeratio Fil., quotes " KUobocarpus, Kaulf. Entw. d. Fahrenkr. f. 7, 8, 9," but I can find no pu!)li- cation with that exact title. I possess, indeed, from the author, a volume entitled ' Das Wesen der Farrenkrauter, etc. — und mit einer Darstellung der Ent- wickelung der Pteris serrulata,' etc., \on Dr. G. N. Kaulfuss; and in the accom- panying plate are "ff. 7. 8, 9, EUobocarpus oleraceus, Kaulf.," but this bears date 1827. I am therefore still bound, under correction, to consider Cerato- pteris as the oldest name. CERATOPTERIS. 235 Sori continuous, arising from two principal longitudinal but slightly anastomosing veins or receptacles on each side between the costa and the margin. Capsules lax, scattered on the receptacles, subglobose, sessile, obscurely reticulated ; annulus very broad, nearly complete, or reduced to five or six indistinct articulations, or quite obsolete. //«t'o/MC?'e membra- naceous, continuous, formed of the reflexed margins of the frond, which are broad, and meet at the back. Seeds or spores few, very large, obtusely trigonal, each of the three faces beautifully concentrically striated, filled with an olea- ginous substance. — Tropical aquatic Yqxw, floating, or attached to soil in shalloio waters, very peculiar in habit and mode of growth, and extremely variable in form. Roots tnf ted. Fronds membranous, subsucculent ivhen fresh, pellucido -punctate ivhen dry. Sterile and fertile different, several from the same root, proliferous in every part. Sterile subfoliaceous, simple or more or less divided : young and less divided ones horizontal and floating ; more advanced, bi-tripinnate and much dissected, emerged, erect; veins all anastomosing. Fertile ones generally taller than the sterile, bi-tripinnate, with linear, obtuse, some- V)hat siliquose segments, everywhere soriferous. Stipites in both, thick, inflated, with large air-cells. 1. Ceratopteris thalictroides. Ceratopteris thalictroides, Brongn. I. c. Hook. Gen. Fit. I. c. Wall. Cat. n. 83. Brackenr. Fil. U. St. Expl Eocped. p. 67. Pteris thalictroides, Siv. Syn. Fil. p. 98. Willd. Sp. PL v. p. .378. Acrostichum thalictroides, Linn. Sp. PI.]}. 1527- Fl. Zeyl. n. 371. t. 4. Acrostichum siliquosum, Linn. Sp. PI. p. 1527. Fl. Zeyl. n. 376. Amoen. Acad. i. p. 270. /. 3. Teleozoma thalictroides, Br. in Frankl. Journ. I. c. p. 54. Ceratopteris Gaudichaudii, Brongn. in Frey. Voy. Bot. \.p. 393. /. 20 [small fertile fronds only). Ceratopteris Richardii, Ad. Juss. Diet. Class. d'Hist. Nat. iii. p. 531. Pteris cornuta, Beauv. Fl. d'Oware et de Ben. p. 63. t. 38. Le Prieur, Ann. des Sc.Nat. x\x. p. 99. /. 3 [young proliferous fronds, capside, and spores). Pt. succulenta, Roxb. in Cal. Journ. of Nat. Hist. iv. p. 508. Ellobocarpus oleraceus, Kaidf. En. Fil. p. 148. Belvisia siliquosa, Mirb. Parkeria pteridioides, Hook. Exot. Fl. ^ 147 and 231. Huok. et Grev. Ic. Fil. t.97- Ceratopteris Parkeri, /. Sm. Mctten. Parkeria Lockhartii, i^ooA'. e^ Grey. /. c. under t. 97- Millefolium aquaticum, Rumph. Amb. vi. p. 176. /. 74. /. 1. Planta siliquosa, Pluk. Aim. t. 15. / 3. 23G CERATOPTERIS. Hab. Tropical and subtropical regions, Asia, Africa, and America, growing in quiet or slightly current waters. India: abundant in the " Gheels" and other still pools, frequently such as are occasionally dry, in all the warm regions, from Punjaub {Jacqiiemont), in the nortli-west to the extreme south, Wallich, Griffith, Whjht, Hooker and Thomson, etc. ; and to Chittagong in the east. Hooker and Thomson, and Moulmein, Rev. C. S. P. Parish; Singapore, tVaUich; Penang, Norris. Java, Blume. Luzon, Brackenridge. Isle of Negros (Philippines), Cuming, 71. 'i\ A. East coast of Timor, y///. Cunningham. Ladrones, Gaudichaud. Hongkong, Dr. Lorraine. Tropical Australia : S. Goulburn Islands, All. Cunning- ham ; Roper's River, Gulf of Carpentaria, Ferd. Mueller. Africa : " in salt waters not far from the sea," Oware, Palisot de Beauvois ; turfy and marshy places, Senegambia, Leprieur, Brunner. Madagascar, Boivin. Tropical America : French Guiana, Richard, Leprieur ; British Guiana, C. S. Parker. West Indies : Jamaica, N. Wilson; St. Vincent, Dr. Wright; Trinidad, Lockhart, Purdie. Brazil, Gard- ner, n. 344, 5667, 6111, 1239, and 4397- Bahia, Saltzman. New Granada, Goudot. Santa Martha, Purdie. Mexico, province of Oaxaca, Liebmann. This highly curious and, in form, extremely variable aquatic Fern, has been greatly misunderstood as to its genus and its specific limits, and I plead guilty in having myself contributed to this misunderstanding. I have constituted a new Genus of what I am now satisfied is a legitimate Ceratopteris of Bron- gniart, and I have made two species, both of which may safely be allowed to merge into the C. thalictroides, Brongn. (the old Acrostichum thalictroides, Linn.). My genus in question, Parkeria, was founded upon an aquatic Fern of British Guiana, which I received from my friend C. S. Parker, Esq., in 1824, a period of time when Ceratopteris was scarcely known to me, and when it was only known to any one as an East Indian Fern : sufficiently so, however, I believed, to justify me in constituting a new genus, and even a new Order, of Filices, seeing that our plant had capsules quite destitute of annulus, while Mr. Brown had recently characterized Ceratopteris, his Teleozoma, as having " capsulae sessiles, annulo completo latissimo" (see Hook. Exot. Flora, under tab. 147). Afterwards, on figuring the same plant in the ' Icones Filicura,' from living specimens. Dr. Greville and myself detected a small and very obscure annulus, of from 4-6 articulations, yet of a nature to induce our retaining the genus, and even the Order ; ignorant still of Brongniart's having previously, namely ill 1821, constituted his Order Ceratopterideee. On the present occasion it has behoved me to reconsider my former views, with the aid of extensive suites of specimens which had been accumulating in my herbarium, from the Old and the New Woi'ld. These showed the most perfect uniformity of external character in all, so that, unless there was a real and tangible diflerence in the minute organs of fructification, there could be no possibility of distinguishing them. Capsules of specimens from six. ditferent and widely distant countries were submitted to the microscope, and all gradations of annulus were found, from the "annulus latissimus complelus" of Mr. Brown, to capsules quite destitute of ring ! Asia, Africa, and America, therefore, present one and the same species. It is then, in its more perfect form, a truly and very A\%tmci\\ annulated Fern, and, as such, should remain among the true Filices. Where should its place then be, and what its affinities, are questions not easily answered. In habit, external form, and place of growth, and in the sessile capsules, in the great breadth of annulus, and above all in the few and very large and concentrically striated spores or seeds,* it is entirely sui generis ; and if I place it among the PteridecB on account of some affinity with Llavea and CrxjiHogramme, it is not * " Teleozoma insuper insigne est sporis in ordine naturali forsan, in tribu quantum scio maximis obtuse trigonis pulchre striatis, puncto imico opaciore." — Brown in App. Frankl. Journey, 1. c. ADDITIONS. 23/ from any real similarity of habit and structure, but because I cannot find a better place, nor have other botanists who have retained it among Ferns. Fee excludes it from true Filices, and Presl from all the Fern alliances, even the Pseudo-FUices, as they are called. Brongniart considers it should rank in the tribe of Gleicheniacece. Brown alludes to it on two occasions, once (I'rodr. Nov. Holl. p. 154) under Pterin, and again (App. to Frankl. Journ. 1. c.) under his Cnjptogramme, next to which it is placed by Desvaux ; and in another place (Plant. Jav. R ar. p. 5) Brown says, " That subgeneric or sectional characters may in several instances be obtained or assisted from the seeds of this Natural Order is not improbable, and in one case, namely, Ceratopteris (or Teleozoma), including Parkeria in that genus, even the generic character (as distinguished, we jjresume, from Pteris and Cryptogranune) appears chiejiy to reside in the seeds, which in their unusual size and peculiar marking or striation entii-ely agree in all the species of the genus, while in the original species the annulus is nearly complete ; and in Parkeria, different from the rest of the genus in no other point whatever, the ring is re- duced to a few faint stria;." Kaulfuss includes it in his Blechnacea', along with Crijptogranime and Lomaria ; J. Smith in his tribe Polypodiea, next after AntrophyiDii ; T. Moore between Schizoea and Osmunda ; Mettenius near Poly- podium, between Lecanopteris and Gymnogramme ; and, lastly, Liebraann, be- tween Cyatheacem and Hymenophylleoe. Palisot de Beauvois is probably in error in believing his Pteris cornuta (un- doubtedly Ceratopteris thalictroides) to have been found in salt water. Neither in Africa nor elsewhere is such a locality ascribed to it by any traveller. In the Indian Archipelago this Fern is boiled and eaten by the poor as a vegetable. N.B. The present Subord. IV. Pteride^, will be continued and concluded in the early part of our next volume. ADDITIONS. The following species of Adiantum and of Pellcea, discovered since the print- ing of those two genera was completed, are too important to be omitted in the present volume. The figures referred to will be given in Vol. III. After Adiantum asarifolium, p. 2 of this Volume, insert — 2*. Adiantum Parishii, Hook. ; small csespitose no dis- tinct caudex, roots few fibrous tomentose, fronds orbicular flabellate membranaceous pellucid, sterile ones crenato-den- tate, fertile ones pauci-(3-5-)lobate, sinuses deep soriferous, veins originating from the base flabellato-divergent repeatedly dichotomous, stipes slender filiform ebeneous-black shining articulated at the summit. (Tab. CXLII. A. in Vol. III.) Hook. Fil. Exot. i. pi. 51. Ilab. Malay Peninsula. On a limestone, rocky mountain near Moulmein, called Twa-Kabin, at an elevation of 2000 feet above the sea. Rev. C. S. P. Parish. — This extremely interesting Adiantum, belonging to a small group of VOL. II. 2 I 238 ADDITIONS. species, of which only two kinds were yet known, and those of very limited geographical range, witli simple (undivided) fronds, and from which it is abun- dantly distinguished in form, texture, and fructification, was discovered by my valued correspondent, a great lover of Ferns, the Rev. C. S. P. Parish, Chaplain at Moulmein. It inhabits, as far as yet known, only one spot on the said moun- tain, a large mass of rock, about 200 feet lielow the summit, very difficult of access, and in some lime, the result of the continued filtering and dropping of the rains from a cave above. There it is " tolerably abundant over the sjjace of a few feet, as Woodsia hyperhorea grows on the eastern precipice of Snowdon, in company with Cheilanthes farinosa and other interesting Ferns, but nowhere else has it been seen at all." The Adiantum Philippense, L., which I have, following all preceding botanists, placed in tliis group (see p. 3 of this volume), is figured by Petiver, the original authority for the plant as pinnate, and I have little doubt but it may be safely referred to J. lunulatum, Sw. After Pellaea rotundifolia, j). 136 of this Volume, insert — 7*. Pelleea Bridyesii, Hook. ; caudex short thick creeping entangled bearing the fronds from the apex clothed with copious subulate ciliated scales, fronds 4-6 inches long ob- long-lanceolate firm coriaceous very glaucous pinnated, pinnee almost invariably opposite (15-21) broad-elliptical cordate short-petiolate very obtuse opaque, the two halves when dry reflected upon each other, veins sunk obsolete, the margin entire with a very slender but not incurved white cartilaginous edge, sori linear on the veins confluent and forming a broad line parallel and a little distance from the margin, in- volucre none (and no inflection of the margin upon the sori), stipites and rachis dark purple-brown glossy. (Tab. CXLII. B. in Vol. III.) Hab. Mountains, interior of California, Bridges. Sierra Nevada, Wm. Lobb. — This is a very remarkable Fern, with much in the habit and in the nature of fructi- fication of Pellaa (Platyloma, /. S'm.) paradoxa, falcata, and rotundifolia, of a sin- gularly glaucous hue, and quite destitute of involucre. In short, as far as the sori are concerned, one can hardly see why it should not range %vith Gymnogramme, especially with Gymn. (Pterizoma, Fe'e) reniformis. In the dried state every pinna has the two halves bent back, so as to meet behind {dorso conduplicata). A few of the lowest ones are usually sterile, and nearly orbicular. The species is the more interesting as coming from a country so widely remote from the locality of the allied species above alluded to. It has indeed fewer traces of a real involucre, or indusiura, than those, and tends to confirm the views of Mr. Brown respecting his Adiantum paradoxum (our Pellcea paradoua), namely, that it is an Adiantum with a continuous sorus, but that sorus not inflexed, as in most of the true Adianta, but patent, as in the species now under consideration. Nevertheless, specimens of the closely-allied Pelleea paradoxa and PelUvafalcata do exhibit, in an immature state, the presence of an involucre, though narrow and eventuallv obsolete. 239 INDEX TO THE PLATES. Adiantum yElliioi)icum, i., tab. 77 asaTifoliuin,7/7//,^.,tab.71 Capillus- Veneris, L., tab. _7i cardioclilsena, Kze., tab. 83 Chilcnse, var. /3, tab. 75 Cubense, Hook., tab. 73 Cmininghami, Hook., tab. 86 ciirvatiim, Kaulf., tab. 81 diaphauum, ^Z., tab. 80 dolosum, Kzc, tab. 79 Edgewortkii, Hook., tab. 81 cBiarginatum, Willd., tab. 75 formosiim, i?/-., tab. 86 fulvuui, Raoul, tab. 85 Galeottiauum, Hook., tab. 80 hirtura, KL, tab. 82 Klotzschiaiium, Hook., tab. 82 Leprieurii, Hook., tab. 82 Lobbianimi, Hook., tab. 86 lucidmn, -Sw., tab. 79 macrocladum, KL, tab. 83 Mathews ianum, Hook., tab. 84 obliquuin, Wtlld., tab. 79 patens, Willd., tab. 87 Peruviauuui, Hook., tab. 81 Phyllitidis, .7. /S;«., tab. 72 reniforme, L., tab. 71 rhizophorum, LUin Tab. LXXXITI. A. Adtantum cardiochl^na, Kze. — p. 50. Fig. 1. Fertile pinnule ; magnified. Fig. 2. Fertile pinna ; nat. size. B. Adiantum macrocladum, Kl. — p. 49. Fig. 1. Portion of a fertile pinnule ; magnified. Fig. 2. Fertile pinna ; nat. size. C. Adiantum Wilesianum, Hook. — p. 50. Fig. I. Portion of a fertile pinnule; magnified. Fig. 2. Fertile pinnule ; nat. size. Tal ZXXXJIL. Tab. LXXXIV. A. Adiantum Mathewsianum, Hook. — p. 35. Fig. 1. Sori ; magHiJied. Fig. 2. Fertile pinna : nat. size. B. Adiantum urophtlldm. Hook. — p. 24. Fig. 1. Sori; viagnified. Fig. 2. Fertile pinna ; nat. size. C. Adiantum curvatum, Kaulf. — p. 28. Fig. 1. Sori; magnified. Fig. 2. Portion of a frond ; nat. size. Tab.ZJXXIT Tab. LXXXV. A. Adiantum fulvum, Baonl. — p. 52. Fig. 1. Fertile pinnule; magnified. Fig. 2. Portion of a fertile frond ; nat. size. B. Adiantum sessilifolium. Hook. — p. 44. Fig. 1. Fertile pinnule ; magnified. Fig. 2. Portion of a frond; nat. size. C. Adiantum speciosum, Hook. — p. 45. Fig. I. Fertile pinnule ; magnified. Fig. 2. Portion of a frond ; nat. size. lai. ZUXT. Tab. LXXXVI. A. Adiantum Cunninghami, Hook. — p. 52. Fis:. 1 . Son ; magnified. Fig. 2. Lower pinna ; nat. size. B. Adiantum formosum, Br. — p. 51. Fig. 1. Fertile pinnule; magnified. Fig. 2. Lower pinna ; nat. size. C. Adiantum Lobbianum, Hook. — p. 51. Fig. 1. Sovi ; magnified. Fig. 2. Cnm])ouncl pinna ; nat. size. Ta,b.LJXX VI Tab. LXXXVII. A. Adiantum patens, Willd. — p. -29. Fig. 1. Son ; magnified. Fig. 2. Portion of a frond : nut. size. B. LoNCHiTis Madagascariensis, iifooA:. — p. 58. Upper portion of a fertile frond ; nat. size. Fig. 1. Portion of a pinna; magnified. Fig. 2. fertile pinna ; nat. size. Fig. 3. Capsules with jointed filaments. C. Cheilanthes tenuifolia, Sw. Fig. 1. Pinnule; magnified. Fig. 2. Portion of a frond; nat. size. Tai zxjxyn. Tab. LXXXVIII. A. Hypolepis Califoenica, Hook. Fig. 1. Fertile segment of a frond; magnified. Fig. 2. Entire plant ; nat. size. B. Hypolepis spectabilis, Pr. Fig. 1 . Fertile pinnae ; nat. size. Fig. 2. Compound pinna ; nat. size. C. Hypolepis paupercula, Hook. Fiff. 1. Fertile pinnule; magnified. Fig. 2. Entire plant ; nat. Tab ZJXXYni. Tab. LXXXIX. A. LONCHITIS LlNDENIANA. Hooh. p. 56. Fig. 1. Fertile pinna ; nat. size. Fig. 2. Portion of a pinna with sori ; magnified. B. LoxcHiTis Natalensis, Hooh. — p. 57. Fertile pinnule ; nat. size. C. Htpolepis tenuifolia, Bernh. — p. 60. Fig. 1. Fertile pinna; nat. size. Fig. 2. Pinnule, with sori; maffnijied. ikiixn^/i. Tab. XC. A. Htpolepis tenuifolia, var. -y., Hook. — p. (30. Fig. 1. Fertile pinnae ; nat. size. Fig. 1. Pinnules with sori ; magnified. B. Hypolepis repens, Pr. Fig. 1. Fertile pinnae ; nat. size. Fig. 2. Pinnule with sori : magnified. C. Hypolepis nigrescens, Hook. Fig. 1. Fertile pinnae ; nat. size. Fig. 2. Pinnule with a sorus ; magnified. Fig. 3. Portion of stipes and rachis ; nat. size. JahJ^C. Tab. XCI. A. Hypolepis kadi ATA, Hook. — p. 72. Fig. 1. Portion of a fertile frond and stipes ; nal. size. Fig. 2. Fertile pinnule ; magiiified. Fig. 3, Margin of a pinnule, with the involucres forced back ; showing a sorus with its in- sertion upon the nerves ; magnified. B. Hypolepts Purdieana, Hook. — p. 69. Fig. 1. Portion (base) of a fertile frond and .stipes; nat. size. Fig. 2. Apex of a frond ; nat. size. Fig. 3. Under side of a fertile lobe ; magnified. Tcd> XCl Tab. XCII. A. Hypolepis pedata. Hook. — p. 73. Fig. 1. Frond and stipes (fertile) ; nat. size. Fig. 2. Under side of a fertile pinnule ; magnified. B. Hypolepis monticola, Gardn. (H. Gardneri, Hook., supra, p. 74). Fig. 1. Fertile fronds ; nat. size. Fig. 2. Under side of a fertile pinnule ; magnified. iai>J:cir Tab. XCIII. A. Pteris scaberula. A. Rich. (Allosorus scaberuliis, Presl). Fig. 1. Sterile primary pinna; nat. size. Fig. 2. Fertile primary pinna, seen from beneath; nat. size. Fig. 3. Apex of a fer- tile frond, seen from beneath ; nat. size. Fig. 4. Fertile pinnule, seen from beneath ; magnified. B. Cheilanthes viscosa, Link. — p. 104. Fig. 1. Frond and stipes, (fertile) ; nat. size. Fig. 2. Fertile pin- nule, seen from beneath ; magnified. TahXCM. Tab. XCIV A. Cheilanthes pulchella, Bory. — p. 109. Fig. 1. Frond and stipes (fertile) ; nat. size. Fig. 2. Fertile pin- nule, seen from beneath ; magnified. B. Cheilanthes Szovitzii, Fisck. et Mey. — p. 98. Fig. 1. Fertile plant; nat. size. Fig. 2. Portion of a fertile pri- mary pinnule, seen from beneath ; magnified. lecbxcm. Tab. XCV. A. Hypolepis anthriscifolia, Pr. — p. 66. Fig. 1. Portion of a fertile frond ; nat. size. Fig. 2. Fertile pin- nule or ultimate segment, seen from beneath ; magnified. B. Hypolepis Millefolium, Hook. — p. 68. Fig. 1. Caudex and lower portion of stipes ; and B'ig. 2. Portion of a iertile frond ; nat. size. Fig. 3. Fertile pinnule or ul- timate segment, seen from beneath ; magnified. C. Hypolepis distans, Colenso. — j). 70. Fig. 1 . Caudex and stipes ; and Fig. 2. Portion of a fertile frond ; nat. size. Fig. 3. Fertile pinnule, or ultimate seg- ment of a frond, seen from beneath ; magnijied. , TdiJCV Tab. XCVI. A. Cheilanthes bullosa, Kunze. — p. 88. Fig. 1. Frond and stipes (fertile) ; nat. size. Fig. 2. Upper side of a fertile segment ; magnified. Fig. 3. Under side of a fertile segment ; magnified. B. Cheilanthes Tweedieana, Hook. — p 84. Figs. 1 and 2. Fronds (fertile) and stipites ; nat. size. Fig. 3. Under side of a fertile pinnule ; magnified. TabJ^CVr Tab. XCVII. A. Cheilanthes Seemanni, Hoo/c. — p. 85. Fig. 1. Fertile plant; nat. size. Fig. 2. Ultimate pinnule (fer- tile) ; nat. size. B. Cheilanthes Sieberi, Kunze. — p. 83. Fig. 1. Fertile plant ; nat. size. Fig. 2. Pinnule (fertile), seen from beneath ; magnified. Tab.XCm. Tab. XCVIII. A. Cheilanthes micropiitlla, Sw. — p. 84 ; (reference to the figure there inadvertently omitted). Fig. 1. Plant (fertile); nat. size. Fig. 2. Fertile pinnule, seen from beneath ; magnified. B. Chetlanthes subvillosa, Hook. — p. 87. Figs. 1. and 2. Upper and under .side of a fertile frond ; nat. size. Fig. 3. Fertile segment, seen from beneath ; magnified. Taixam Tab. XCIX. A. Cheilanthes rufa, Don. — p. 79. Fig. 1 . Fertile plant ; naf. size. Fig. 2. Fertile segment, seen from beneath ; magnified. B, Cheilanthes Moritziana, Kunze. — p. 85. Figs. 1. and 2. Portions of a fertile frond ; not. size. Fig. 3. Pin- nule (fertile), seen from beneath : magnified. TablCJI Tab. C. A. Cheilanthes Mysurensis, Malt. — p. 94. Fig. 1 . Fertile plant ; nat. size. Fig. 2, Fertile pinnule, seen from beneath ; magnified. B. ChEII.ANTHKS MULTII IDA, Sw. — p. 90. Figs. 1 and 2. Portions of a fertile frond ; nat. size. Fig. 3. Fer- tile pinnule, seen from beneath ; magnified. Tab.C. Tab. CI. A. CheILANTHES PTEK01DE.S, Sw. — p. SO. Figs. 1 and 2. Portions of a fertile frond ; nat. size. Fig. 3. Por- tion of a fertile pinnule, seen from beneath ; magnified. B. Cheilanthes hirta, Sw. — p. 92. Figs. 1 and 2. Portions of a fertile frond ; nat. size. Fig. 3. Fertile pinnule, seen from beneath ; magnified. Fig. i. Por- tion of a frond of var. /3. ; nat. size. Tab CI Tab. CII. A. Chkilanthes induta, Kunze. — p. 92. Fig. 1. Fertile plant; nat. size. Fig. 2. Fertile pinnule, seen from beneath ; magnified. B. Cheilanthes dichotoma, Siv — p. 104. Figs. 1 and 2. Portions of a fertile frond ; nat. size. Fig. 3. Ul- timate fertile pinna, seen from beneath ; magnified. TabCM. Tab. cm. A. Cheilanthes vartans, Hook. — p. 89. Fig. 1. Fertile j)lant ; nat. size. Fig. 2. Fertile pinnule, seen from beneath ; magnified. B. Cheilanthes Alabamensis, Kunze. — p. 89. Fig. 1. Fertile plant ; nat. size. Fig. 2. Fertile pinnule, seen from beneath ; magnified. Tod, cm. Tab. civ. Cheilanthes scariosa, Presl. — p. 99. Fig. 1. Fertile plant ; nat. size. Fig. 2. Fertile pinna, seen from beneath ; magnified. Fig. 3. Ultimate fertile pinna (of three pinnules), seen from above ; and Fig. 4, the same seen from beneath ; more magnified. Fig. 5. Scale from the rachis ; highly magnified. Cheilanthes lendigera, Siv. — p. 95. Fig. 1, Fertile plant ; nat. size. Fig. 2. Secondary pinna (fer- tile), seen fi*om above ; magnified. Fig. 3. Fertile pinnule, seen from beneath ; more magnified. TabCJV. Tab. CV. A. ChEILANTHES MYKIOPHyLLA, Desv. — p. 100. Fig. 1. Fertile frond ; nat. size. Fig. 2. Secondary pinna (fer- tile), seen from above ; magnified. Fig. 3. Fertile pinnule, seen from beneath ; more magnified. Fig. 4. Scale from the rachis ; magnified. B. Cheilanthes elegans, Desc. — p. 102. Fig. 1. Fertile plant ; nat. size. Fig. 2. Secondary pinna (fer- tile), seen from above ; magnified. Fig. 3. Fertile pinnule, seen from beneath ; magnified. Tab. rr_ Tab. CVI. A. Cheilanthes lendtgeka, Sw. B- — P- 96. Figs. I and 2. Portions of a fertile frond ; nat. size. Fig. 3. Secondary pinna, seen from beneath ; magnified. Fig. 3.* Chaffy hairs from the rachis ; magnijied. B. Cheilanthes Chusana, Hook. — p. 95. Fig. 1. Fertile plant; nat. size. Fig. 2. Fertile segment, seen from beneath ; magnified. Twb.crj. Tab. CVII. ChEILANTHES LlNDHEIMERI, Hook. p. 101. Fig. 1. Fertile plant ; nat. size. Fig. 2. Secondary fertile pinna, seen from above ; magnified. Fig, 3. Portion of a fertile secondary pinna, seen from beneath ; magnified. Fig. 4. Ultimate pinna ( fertile) of three lobes, or pinnules, seen from beneath ; magnified. ChEILANTHES FEiNDLERI, Hvok. — p. 103. Fig. 1. Fertile plant ; nat. size. Fig. 2. Fertile secondary pin- nules, seen from above : Fig. 3. A fertile secondary piuna. seen from beneath ; magnified. Tab cm. Tab. CVITI. A. Chetlanthes aspera, Hook. — p. 111. Fig. 1. Fertile plant; nat. size. Fig. 2. Fertile pinnule, seen from above ; magnified. Fig. 3. Fertile pinnule, seen from beneath ; magnified. Fig. 4. Hairs from the upper surface of the frond ; much magnified. B. Cheiianthes vestita, Sw. — p. 98. Fig. 1. Fertile plant ; nat. size. Fig. 2. Tertiaiy pinnae (fertile) seen from above : and Fig. 3. One of the same seen from beneath ; magnified. Fig. 4. Fertile pinnules, seen from beneath, freed from the tomentum ; magnified. Tab crm. Tab. CIX. A. Cheilanthes tomentosa, Link. — p. 96. Fig. 1. Fertile plant; naf. size. Fig. 2. Fertile secondary pinna seen from above ; magnified. Fig. 3. Fertile pinnule, seen from beneath ; mo/fnified. B. Cheilanthes Bradburii, Hook. — p. 97. Figs- 1 and 2. Portions of a fertile frond ; nat. size. Fig. 3. Se- condary fertile pinna, seen from above ; magnified. Fig. 4. Fertile pinnule, seen from beneath ; magnified. Tahca. Tab. ex. A. Cheilanthes Wrightii, Hook., — p. 87. Fig. 1. Fertile plant ; nat. size- Fig. 2. Fertile pinnule, seen from beneath ; magnified. B. Cheilanthes MacLeanii, Hook. — p. 93. Fig. 1. Fertile plant ; nat. size. Fig. 2. Fertile pinnule, seen from beneath ; magnified. Fig. 4. Glandular hairs from the rachis ; highly magnified. Tah CJ Tab. CXI. A. Pell^a paradoxa, Hook. — p. 135. A young entire (simple) and sterile frond ; 7iat. size. Fig. 1 . Two fertile pinnae, upper side. Fig. 2. Fertile pinna, under side. Fig. 3. Portion of a very young fertile pinna to shovA' the immature involucre and the veins ; magnified. Fig. 4. Portion of a sorus, showing the receptacle of the sorus ; magnified. B. Pell-ea falcata, y. nana. Hook. — p. 136. Fig. 1. Fertile frond of var. nana; nat. size. Fig. 2. Under side of a fertile pinna; and Fig. 3. Portion of a sorus; magnified. Tub en. Tab. CXII. A. Pell^ea lomariacea, 3. columbina, Hook. — p. 133. Fig. 1. Sterile frond; nat. size. Fig. 2. Segment of the same, showing the venation ; magnified. Fig. 3. Fertile frond ; nat. size. Fig. 4. Portion of a sorus ; magnified. B. Pteris (Eupteris) Moluccana, Bl. — p. 158. Fig. 1 . Portion of a rachis and a fertile pinna ; nat. size. Fig. 2. Portion of a pinna and sorus ; magnified. Tib cm. Tab. CXIII. A. Pell^a dura, Hook. — p. 139. Fig. 1. Fertile frond; nat. size. Fig. 2. Under side of a fertile pinna; and Fig. 3. Portion of a sorus ; magnified. B. Pteris (Heterophlebium) grandifolium, L. — p. 201. Fig. 1. Fertile pinna; nat. size. Fig. 2. Portion of the same, showing the nature of the sorus and the venation ; mag- nified. TahCXm. Tab. CXIV. A. Pteris (Eupteris) opaca, J. Sm. — p. 158. Fig. 1. Portion of a rachis and pinna; nat. size. Fig. 2. Por- tion of a fertile; and Fig. 3, Portion of a sterile pinna, seen from beneath, showing the venation ; magnijied. B. Pell.ea pilosa, Hook. — p. 132. Fig. 1. Sterile frond ; nat. size. Fig. 2. Portion of a segment ; magnified. Fig. 3. Fertile frond ; nat. size. Fig. 4. Seg- ment, with sori, seen from beneath ; magnified. lab.cnr. Tab. CXV. A. Pell^ea longimucronata, Hook. — p, 143. Fig. 1. Fertile plant; nat. size. Fig. 2. Fertile pinnule, seen from above ; and Fig. 3. Fertile pinnule, seen from beneath ; magnified. B. Pell^a Wrightiana, Hook. — p. 142. Fig. 1. Fertile plant; nat. size. Fig. 2. Fertile pinnule, seen from above; and Fig. 3. Fertile pinnule, seen from be- neath ; magnified. Fig. 4. Primary pinna of a sterile frond ; nat. size. ibhrxv Tab. CXVI. A. PelljEA ornithopus, Hook. — p. 144. Fig. 1. Fertile frond; nat. size. Fig. 2. Secondary pinna, seen from above. Fig. 3. Fertile pinnule, seen from be- neath ; magnified. B. Pell^a hastata, Link. — p. 145. Fig. 1. Portion of a frond, normal form; nat. size. Fig. 2. Portion of pinnule, with sorus ; magnified. Fig. 3. Sterile pinna ; nat. size. Fig. 4. Pinna of var. inacrojjhi/IIa, Kze., with sori, seen from beneath ; nat. size. Taicm. Tab. CXVII. » A. Pell^a consobrina, Hook. — p. 145. Fig. 1. Portion of a fertile frond; nat. size. Fig. 2. Pinnule, with sori ; magnified. B. Pell^a Seemanni, Hook. — p. 141. Fig. 1 . Fertile frond ; nat. size. Fig. 2. Fertile pinnule, seen from beneath ; magnified. TaijCD'Jl Tab. CXVIII. Pell^a Boivini, Hook. — p. 147. Fig. 1. Fertile frond; nat. size. Fig. 2. Upper side of a fertile pinnule; and Fig. 3. Under side of fertile pinnules; may- nijied. Pell.^a Skinneri, Hook. — p. 141. Fig. 1 . Fertile frond ; nat. size. Fig. 2. Fertile segment, seen from beneath ; magnified. TabCXVm Tab. CXIX. A. Pell^a Bojeri, Hook. — p. 146. Fig. 1. Portion of a fertile frond ; nat. size. Fig. 2. Under side of a fertile pinnule ; mafjnified. B. PelljEa decomposita, Hook. — p. 150. Fig. 1 . Portion of a fertile frond ; nat. size. Fig. 2. Fertile pinna, seen from beneath ; magnified. lahCm. Tab. CXX. A. Pteris (Eupteris) Chilensis, Desv. — p. 1/5. Fig. 1. Small portion of a fertile frond; nat. size. Fig. 2. Seg- ments of a pinna, with sori, seen from beneath ; and Fig. 3. Portion of sorus ; magnified. B. Pteris (Eupteris) tremula, Br. — p. 174. Fig. 1. Small portion of a fertile frond ; nat. size. Fig. 2. Por- tion of a segment, with sori, seen from beneath ; magnified. Tylj fix. Tab. CXXI. A. Pteris (Eupteris) Dalhousi^, Hook. — p. ITO. Fig. 1. Lowest pinna; and Fig. 2. Extremity of a fertile frond; nat. size. Fig. 3. Portion of a segment, with sori ; nuty- nified. B. Pteris (Ornithopteris) scalaris, Moritz. — p. 200. Fig. 1 . Caudex and stipes ; and Fig. 2. Portion of the fertile frond ; nat. size. Fig. 3. Sterile lobe or pinnule ; and Fig. 4. Fertile pinna, seen from beneath; magnified. — [See also Tab. CXLI. C. of Vol. III., for the analysis of the sorus.] Tab an. Tab. CXXII. A. Pteris (Eupteris) Madagascarica, Jff.—j). l/l. Fig. 1 and 2. Extremity and lower pinna of a fertile frond ; nat size. Fig. 3. Portion of a fertile pinnule, seen from be- neath ; maynified. B. Pteris (Eupteris) maratti^efolia, Hook. — p. 177. Fig. 1. Primary pinna of a fertile frond; nat. size. Fig. 2. Fertile pinnule, seen from beneath ; and Fig. 3. Portions of sori ; magnified. Tahfjmi. Tab. CXXIII. A. Ptkris (Eupteris) Griffithiana, Hook. — p. 170. Fig. 1 and 2. Fertile frond ; nat. size. Fig. 3. Portion of a segment, with sori ; magnified. B. Pteris (EnPTERjs) muricata. Hook. — p. 193. Fig. 1. Portion of a frond; nat. size. Fig. 2. Portion of a ra- chis ; and Fig. 3. Fertile segment ; rnagnijied. ihbcxnn Tab. CXXIV. A. Pteris (Eupteris) coriacea, Desv. — p. 192. Fig. 1. Portion of the tripartite fertile frond ; nat. size. Fig. 2. Fertile portion of a pinnule, with its spinulose costa, seen from beneath ; and Fig. 3. Portion of the muricated rachis ; magnified. B. Pteris (Eupteris) distans, J. Sm. — p. 169. Fig. 1. and 2. Fertile frond; nat. size. Fig. 3. Portion of a fertile pinna ; magnified. Tab CUIV Tab. CXXV. A. Pell^a Doniana, Hook. — p. 137. Fig. 1. Portion of a frond; and Fig. 2. Fertile pinna, seen from beneath ; nat. size. Fig. 3. Portion of a fertile pinna ; mag- nified. B. PelltEA densa, Hook. — p. 1.50. Fertile plant ; nat. size. Fig. 1 . Fertile pinnule, seen from be- neath ; magnified. Fig. 2. Upper surface of a pinnule, showing the raphides (?), alluded to at p. 1.56; magnified. Fig. 3. Portion of the cuticle of the same ; very highhj magnified. ■jbhcw: Tab. CXXVI. A. Pteris (Litobrochia) articulata, j/TZ/Jj. — p. 214. Fig. 1. Portion of a fertile frond; nat. size. Fig. 2. Portion of a fertile pinna, seen from beneath ; magnified. Fig. 3. Sterile pinna ; nat. size. Fig. 4. Portion of the same, showing the venation ; magnified. B. Pteris (Litobrochia) Burkeana, Hook. — p. 213. Fertile frond ; nat. size. Fig. 1 . Fertile pinnule, seen from be- neath ; and fertile portion of the same, showing the sorus and the venation ; magnified. Tab ami Tab. CXXVII. A. Pteris (Euptkris) crenata, Sic— p. 163. Fig. 1. Lower pinua of a fertile frond ; nut. size. Fig. 2. Small portion of the same, seen from beneath ; magnified. Fig. 3. Sterile frond ; nat. size. B. Pteris (Eupteris) heteromorpha, L. fil.—p. 166. Fig. 1 . Fertile portion of a frond, seen from beneath ; nat. size. Fig. 2. Fertile portion of a segment, seen from beneath ; magnified. Fig. 3. Sterile portion of a frond ; nat. size. Tah.aWU. Tab. CXXVIII. A. Pteris (Eupteris) gracilis, Fee. — p. 172. Fig. 1. Sterile pinna; nat. size. Fig. 2. Fertile portion of a frond, seen from beneath ; nat. size. Fig. 3. Sterile seg- ment; 7nagnified. Fig. 4. Fertile segment, seen from be- neath; magnified. B. Pteris (Eupteris) semidentata, Fee. — p. 172. Fig. 1. Portion of a fertile frond, seen from beneath; nat. size. Fig. 2. Fertile segment, seen from above; magnfied. Fig. 3. Fertile segment, seen from beneath ; magnified. Tab. CXXIX. A. Pell.ea Tambu III I, //ooA-. — p. 134. Fig. 1. Portion of a fertile frond ; nat. size. Fig. 2. Apex of a fertile segment, seen from beneath, showing the depressions on the outer surface of the involucre, indicating the inser- tion of the sori ; magnified. Fig. 3. Portion of a fertile segment, the involucre laid open, showing the venation and insertion of the capsules; magnfied. B. Pteris (Eupteris) pellucida, Pr. (simple-fronded form only). —p. 161. Fig. I. Sterile frond; nat. size. Fig. 2. Portion of a fertile frond of the same var., seen from beneath ; magni^ed. Fig. 3. Fertile frond, seen from beneath ; nat. size. TabCXnX. Tab. CXXX. A. Pteris (Eupteris) dactylina. Hook. — p. IGO. Fig. 1 and 2. Sterile and fertile fronds ; nat. size. Fig. 3. Por- tion of a sterile pinna ; magnified. Fig. 4. Portion of a fertile pinna, seen from beneath ; magnifi,ed. B. Pteris (Eupteris) umbrosa, Br. — p. 1G2. Fig. 1 and 2. Lower primary pinna and apex of a sterile frond; nat. size. Fig. 3. Segment of a fertile frond, seen from be- neath ; nat. size. Fig. 4. Portion of a fertile segment, seen from beneath ; mufjnified. TabCm: Tab. CXXXI. A. Pteris (Eupteris) mutilata, i. — p. 164. Sterile and fertile fronds ; nat. size. Fig. 1 . Sterile pinna, showing the venation and thickened margin ; maynified. Fig. 2. Portion of a fertile pinna ; magmfied. B. Pteris (Eupteris?) triphylla, Ag.—^. l/l- Fig. 1. Primary pinna, sterile; nat. size. Fig. 2. Portion of a pinnule of the same, to show the venation ; magnified. TaOClAJl. Tab. CXXXII. A. Pteris (Eupteris) paleacea, Roxb. — p. 186. Fig. 1 . Portion of a stipes and fertile frond ; nat. size. Fig. 2. Portion of a fertile segment ; magnified. Fig. 3. Por- tion of the stipes, from part of which the scales have fallen ; nat. size. B. Pteris (Eupteris) laciniata, Willd. — p. 176. Fig. 1 and 2. Portions of a sterile and of a fertile frond ; nat. size. Fig. 3. Portion of a fertile pinna ; magnified. TahOMU. Tab. CXXXIII. A. Pteris (Eupteris) Jamesoni, Hook. — p. 193. Fig. 1, Pinna of a frond; nat. size. Fig. 2. Rachis and sterile segment ; magnified. Fig. 3. Rachis and fertile segment ; magnified. B. Pell^a gracilis. Hook. — p. 138. Sterile and fertile frond ; nat. size. Fig. 1. Sterile pinna ; mag- nified. Fig. 2. Fertile pinnule ; magnified. Fig. 3. Por- tion of a fertile pinna, with the involucre laid back to show the sori ; magnified. TabCJXKm, Tab. CXXXIV, A. PtERIS (EUPTERIS) LONGIPINNULA, JFalL — p. 179. Fig. 1. Pinna of a fertile frond; nat. size. Fig. 2. Portion of a fertile segment ; magnified. B. Pteris (Eupteris) quadrtaurita, Retz. — p. 179. Fig. 1. Lowest pinna of a frond (sterile), showing its bipartite character; and Fig. 2. Intermediate pinna of a fertile frond; nat. size. Fig. 3. Portion of a fertile segment; maynified. anrr Tab. CXXXV. A. Pteris (EuPTERis) QUADRiAURiTA, Rets. — Var. setigera. — p. 181. Fig. 1. Lower fertile pinna; nat. size. Fig. 2. Portion of a sterile pinna, showing the setiform spines ; magnified. Fig. 3, Portion of a fertile segment ; magnified. B. Pteris (Eupteris) deltea, Ag. — p. 183. Fig. 1. Fertile primary pinna; and Fig. 2. Sterile primary pinna ; nat. size. Fig. 3. Portion of a fertile segment ; magnified. Tab CJXIV. Tab. CXXXYI. Pteris (Eupteris) excelsa, Gaud. — p. 183. Fig. 1 and 2. Portions of a fertile frond ; nat. size. Fig. 3. Portions of fertile segments ; mayvified. Tab cmvi. Tab. CXXXVII. Pteris (Eupteris) patens, Hook. — p. 1/7. Fig. 1. Fertile pinna; nat. size. Fig. 2. Sterile segment; magnified. Fig. 3. Portion of a fertile segment ; may- nified. TabCJUVn. Tab. CXXXVIII. A. Pteris (Eupteris) scabra, Bory. — p. 186. Fig. 1. Sterile pinna; nat. size. Fig. 2. Sterile segment of a pinna ; magnified. Fig. 3. Small portion of a segment, to show the dotted texture ; magnified. B. Pteris (Litobrochia) tripartita, Sio. — Yar. y, Milneana. — p. 226. Fig. 1. Lower pinna of a fertile frond; nat. size. Fig. 2. Fer- tile segment of a pinna, showing the venation ; magnified. rabCMmil. Tab. CXXXIX. Pteris (Litobrochia) Kunzeana, Ag. — p. 221. Fig. 1 . Portion of a fertile frond ; nat. size. Fig. 2. Portion of a pinna, with sori, and showing the venation ; mag- nified. Tab ami. Tab. CXL. Pteris (Litorrochia) Currori, Hook. — p. 233. Fig. 1 , Inferior, and Fig. 2, terminal, pinnae of a fertile frond ; nat. size. Fig. 3. Portion of a fertile frond, showing the venation ; magnified. Fig. 4. Sorus and receptacle ; mag- nified. TabCXL. m-r y\^:^ ?-^'