Bulletin 414 September 1954 THE UNIVERSITY OF NEW HAMPSHIRE AGRICULTURAL EXPERIMENT STATION Department of Agricultural and Biological Chemistry of C ial nspection oi \^oir £ ertilizers Made for the STATE DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE H. A. DAVIS and V. F. STAAB THE UNIVERSITY OF NEW HAMPSHIRE DURHAM, N. H. INSPECTION OF COMMERCIAL FERTILIZERS Made for the State Department of Agriculture The inspection of commercial fertilizers reported in this bulletin was made under the direction of the Honorable Perley I. Fitts, Commissioner of Agricul- ture. Mr. George H. Laramie, Fertilizer Control Supervisor, and Mr. Harold W. Ayer Assistant Control Supervisor, collected 120 samples of mixed fertilizer and fertilizer materials which were offered for sale by dealers or had been de- livered to consumers during the year ending June, 1954. The general character of the brands sampled is shown by the following classification : Complete fertilizer 79 Phosphoric acid and potash 12 Nitrogen and Phosphoric acid 1 Superphosphate 8 Nitrate of Soda 1 Ammonium nitrate 1 Muriate of Potash 1 Ground bone 5 Natural manures 10 Tankage 2 THE FERTILIZER LAW Copy of the full text of the law may be obtained from the Fertilizer Control Supervisor, State House, Concord, New Hampshire. All inquiries relative to the registration of brands and of matters relating to the enforcement of the law should be addressed to his office. The law governing the guarantees and labeling of commercial fertilizers or fertilizer materials follows: "Every lot or parcel of commercial fertilizer or fertilizer material sold or offered or exposed for sale within this state shall be accompanied by a plainly printed statement, clearly and truly certifying the number of net pounds of fertilizer in the package; the name, brand or trademark under which the fertilizer is sold; the name and address of the manufacturer or importer; the location of the factory; and a chemical analysis stating the minimum percentage of nitrogen, of available phosphoric acid and of water-soluble potash expressed in whole numbers. "No fertilizer or fertilizer material containing the three essential fertilizing elements, nitrogen, phosphoric acid and potash may be sold or offered for sale if the total minimum plant food nutrients contained therein is less than fourteen per cent by weight, provided, however, that natural animal and bird manures shall be excepted from the provisions of this section." The chief purpose of the official inspection required by the fertilizer law is to protect the consumer against the misbranded products which doubtless would soon appear on the market if the sale of the fertilizer was not under state regulation. The purchaser of fertilizer or fertilizer materials should acquaint himself with the full text of the law. He should not accept from the dealer any bag of fertilizer which is not tagged and guai-anteed in compliance with the law. If he does so, it is at his own risk. The value of a fertilizer depends mainly upon its content of available plant food, particularly nitrogen, phosphoric acid and potash. Research workers in agricultural experiment stations and industrial research groups are constantly studying the needs of the soil to improve crop yields. As a result of these studies, other plant nutrients are included in certain fertilizers for specific crops. Mag- nesium and boron are examples of so-called minor elements furnished by some brands of fertilizer to correct specific deficiencies of the soil in certain localities. Soil conditionei-s are materials that have been widely advertised. Their main purpose is to improve soil texture. In general these materials in themselves supply little or no plant food. They are relatively expensive and their use has therefore been limited. There is no accepted method of measuring their relative effectiveness as to whether results as claimed will be obtained. These materials are still in the trial period. They apparently give good results in changing certain soil conditions. It is well known that there is much advertising of fertilizer materials di- rected to the attention of the small home gardener and house plant growers. It is realized that plant food concentrate supplied in small packages has a place. However, certain advertising claims have been open to question. In fact the American Association of Fertilizer Control Officials has in the past issued a warn- ing to the public through the press against "exorbitant and questionable claims" in regard to fertilizer materials for home garden and flower production. Gen- erally speaking, it is more economical for the gardener to purchase fertilizer of a reliable brand and in reasonably large size packages. All control officials charged with the enforcement of state laws regulating the sale of commercial fertilizers and fertilizer materials are joined in the Asso- ciation of American Fertilizer Control Officials. Research workers employed by State or Federal Agencies engaged in the investigation of fertilizers are also members of this Association. The object of this organization is to "promote uniform and effective legislation, definitions, rulings, and enforcement of laws relating to the control of sale and distribution of mixed fertilizers and fertilizer materials in the Continent of North America." At the annual meetings of the Association reports and recommendations of investigators concerning definitions of fertilizer materials, use of new products, and problems concerning regulation of the fertilizer trade are discussed in detail. Fertilizer manufacturers are invited to participate in these discussions and through mutual co-operation the farmer is supplied with a product that can be relied upon to do the job expected in crop production. The official publication of the Association may be obtained for a small fee through the office of its secretary, B. D. Cloaninger, Clemson, South Carolina. This booklet contains the official terms describing fertilizer materials, a proposed model state fertilizer law as well as the proceedings of the annual meeting. Whether or not a fertilizer contains the guaranteed amount of plant food can be determined only by a chemical analysis. For this reason it is considered necessary that each brand of fertilizer offered for sale be officially sampled and analyzed each year. When failure to meet the gaurantee is proved by chemical analysis, the prosecution or seizure provisions of the law may be invoked. The purchaser's refusal to buy a fertilizer which does not conform to the law will not only assist in the enforcement of the law but will at the same time insure him the protection of the law. USE OF COMMERCIAL FERTILIZERS It is not within the scope of this department to make recommendations re- garding the use of commercial fertilizers. The Department of Agronomy and the Department of Agricultural and Biological Chemistry of the University of New Hampshire Agricultural Experiment Station test soils and conduct experi- mental work with various fertilizer materials on hay and crop land. The Depart- ment of Horticulture investigates fertilizer treatments for fruits and vegetables. Much of this work has been published, and is available for free distribution to residents of New Hampshire. Address your request to Mail Service, University of New Hampshire, Durham, New Hampshire. A list of currently available publications on fertilization follows: Sta. Cir. 58 Fertilizer Needs of Alfalfa on New Hampshire Soils. 12 pp. Sta. Cir. 59 Effect of Soil Moisture and Fertilizer Placement on Vitality of the Potato Seed Piece. 11 pp. Sta. Cir. 61 Fertility Needs of Dairy Farm Crops in the Connecticut Valley. 12 pp. Fertilizers for Sweet Corn. 8 pp. The Response of Clover and Total Forage to Top-Dressing Fertilizers. 12 pp. Experiment with Potatoes. 38 pp. Purchasing Lime and Fertilizer. 12 pp. Cabbage. 4 pp. Root Crops. 20 pp. Culture of Low-Bush Blueberries. 16 pp. Growing Grapes in New Hampshire. 10 pp. Cane Fruit Culture. 8 pp. Growing Apples in New Hampshire. 32 pp. Growing Vegetables at Home. 32 pp. Asparagus in New Hampshire. 16 pp. Hotbeds and Coldframes. 15 pp. Growing Potatoes in New Hampshire. 31 pp. New Hampshire Recommendations for Seed, Fertilizer and Lime (Revised 10-53). While the word fertilizer does not appear in all of the above titles, none is included which does not discuss the use of fertilizer. Sta. Cir. 63 Sta. Cir. 74 Ext. Bull. 324 Ext. Cir. 210 Ext. Cir. 212 Ext. Cir. 266 Ext. Cir. 275 Ext. Cir. 309 Ext. Cir. 310 Ext. Bull. 100 Ext. Bull. 104 Ext. Bull. 105 Ext. Bull. 116 Ext. Bull. 118 Ext. 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Reinforce stable manure with 2 lbs. of 20 r/< superphosphate per cow per day. 2. Even though manure may replace some of the commercial fertilizer used, it is desirable to apply at least V* to % of the above amounts of commercial fertilizers in order to hasten early spring growth. 3. One ton of cow manure as it comes from the stable is approximately equal to: 50 cubic feet; 40 bushels; 0.4 cords. 4. Small and frequent applications of manure are more effective than is the same amount of manure applied in larger amounts and less frequently. 5. Equivalent amounts of other nitrogen fertilizers may be substituted for ammonium nitrate, although at a greater cost per pound of nitrogen. One hundred pounds of ammonium nitrate is approximately equal to 160 pounds of ammonium sulfate or 200 pounds of nitrate of soda. 6. If the soil test indicates a need for lime, then apply lime well in advance of adding fertilizers so as to make the fertilizers more effective. 7. Since New Hampshire soils are low in magnesium, it is best to use dolomite limestone which contains magnesium. CONFORMITY TO GUARANTEE The chemical analyses reported in this bulletin were made by the methods adopted by the Association of Official Agricultural Chemists. Number of samples analyzed 120 Equalling or exceeding all guarantees 69 Deficient in nitrogen only 22 Deficient in available phosphoric acid only 9 Deficient in potash only 7 Deficient in nitrogen and phosphoric acid 3 Deficient in nitrogen and potash 4 Deficient in phosphoric acid and potash 5 Deficient in nitrogen, phosphoric acid and potash 1 Sixteen brands were guaranteed to contain magnesium oxide. One failed to meet the guarantee. Fertilizers are largely mixtures of highly purified chemicals. Segregation of these materials in the bag is difficult to prevent. Modern methods of fertilizer manufacture are doing much to process the fertilizer in such a way that segre- gation will be prevented. The problem has not been satisfactorily solved as yet. To obtain a truly representative sample of a fertilizer mixture requires careful work. The chemist can accurately determine the nitrogen, phosphoric acid, and potash content of the sample sent to the laboratory. If this sample does not correctly represent the larger lot, the analytical work is of no use. The obligation of the fertilizer control program is to see that the manufacturer is supplying the guaranteed amount of plant food to the consumer. For this reason the sample must be drawn and analyzed very carefully so that injustice will not be done to either the consumer or manufacturer. In the tabulation of the analyses in the following pages, deficiencies of one- half of one per cent or more are shown in red type. The names of the manu- facturers are arranged alphabetically. The brand names are listed alphabetically, or numerically by formula, under the manufacturer. 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